043 Transcription - St Helena Records 1743-1744.docx

St Helena Records 1743-1744

Introduction: This is the twenty third volume in the series of St Helena Records, which summarises the proceedings of official meetings held by the island’s Governor and Council, during which matters of government, defence, supplies, justice and discipline were discussed and recorded.

Source: Images of the original records can be viewed on the British Library’s website: https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP1364-1-1-27.

Text Transcription: This transcription was produced by AI from handwritten document images held on the British Library's website, at about thirty pages per hour. Given the limitations described below, the text should be regarded as unreliable and used only as a search-and-find shortcut: once a relevant section has been located, it must always be checked against the source image via the hyperlinked Film Numbers listed in the main transcription table below.

Three specific problems affected the work. First, AI tends to prioritise meaning and readability at the expense of fidelity to the original, with a strong disposition to normalise spellings, expand abbreviations, and adjust grammar. It is particularly weak with unfamiliar surnames, and scrawled signatures often resist accurate transcription entirely. Transcriptions by eye of documents spanning four centuries have also shown that a single surname could be written in a wide variety of ways: the Crowie family name appears under six different spellings, and the Isaacs family name under sixteen. Searches for surnames are therefore hindered both by genuine variations in the originals and by mistranscriptions introduced by AI, and for this reason are best run phonetically. Second, the AI struggled with the late secretary hand, the script commonly used from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, in which the letter S appears in a form closely resembling a trailing L. Third, occasional passages in these volumes are written in a hand so obscure or poorly formed as to be difficult to read even by eye, sometimes compounded by heavy ink bleed-through from the reverse side or by the loss of sections of pages.

To mitigate these difficulties, a strict protocol was applied to each image, requiring the AI to rely solely on clearly visible ink strokes and to flag any uncertain reading, thereby reducing the risk of inferred or invented text. Two conventions are used. [...] marks text that could not be read with confidence; this may represent a single unreadable word, a full sentence, or occasionally an entire paragraph. Square brackets around letters or words indicate a conjectural reading supplied by the transcriber: brackets around a whole word, for example [Bazett], mean the entire word was unclear and a probable reading has been supplied, while brackets around individual letters within an otherwise readable word, for example B[a]z[e]tt, mean only those specific letters were unclear in the source and the unbracketed letters were legibly present.

Referencing Text Locations: A dual numbering system has been adopted, combining the British Library film number with the manuscript’s original page number. These are presented in the format: British Library Film No. / Document Page No.

Pagination:

Page numbers appear only at the top right corners of the recto sides. The first visible number occurs on Film No. 4 as page 1 (location 4/1). The page numbering then continues sequentially through to the end of the volume.

Dates: During the period of this volume, England and its colonies followed the Old-Style Julian calendar, in which the legal new year began on 25 March (Lady Day). This volume records consultations at St Helena on dates recorded between 13 April 1743 and 9 March 1743 (1744 in the modern calendar0.

England and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752. For some years afterwards, dates were often qualified with the letters NS (New Style) or OS (Old Style), particularly where clarity was needed. It is striking, therefore, that at location 23/20/199 this volume mentions the arrival of a Danish ship from China called the Crown Prince of Denmark which had sailed from Canton: “The 22d Instant Arrived here a Dane Ship called the Crown Prince of Denmark, Captain John Richard Barthow about 900 Tons 28 Guns and 165 Men from China which Place she left the 3d Day of January N.S.” British ships’ logs and maritime records also occasionally carried NS or OS to reflect the international nature of seafaring. In addition, the East India Company kept close contact with Portuguese, Dutch and French traders in Asia, all of whom had long used the Gregorian calendar. It is reasonable to think that the Company may have favoured NS and OS annotations in its records to maintain consistency across its global correspondence.

The Council meetings were held during the administration of George Gabriel Powell (1742 – 1744).

AI Generated Summary

Introduction

This account describes the surviving administrative record of St Helena under the East India Company across the whole of 1743 covering the government of Governor George Gabriel Powell, who had succeeded Governor Lambert after his death earlier that year, with John Godfrey and Robert Wright serving successively and jointly as second and third of council, accountant and storekeeper. The material consists of council consultations, invoices, monthly and quarterly accounts, probate proceedings and depositions, a record shaped as much by the Company's own commercial book-keeping as by any wish to narrate events for their own sake. [Film No. 4; Film No. 202]

Read as a whole, the year falls into four periods: the spring and early summer, when a European war not yet declared already shaped the guarding of foreign shipping and the drilling of the garrison's guns; the height of the homeward season in May, June and July, when an unusually large fleet passed through the road; a long middle stretch to September, dominated by store ledgers, land grants and probate business; and the final quarter, from October to December, when the arrival of a damaged, slave-carrying ship, a rebuilt church and a war spreading across Europe again pressed on the council's business. [Film No. 4-53; Film No. 54-103; Film No. 104-153; Film No. 154-202]

The record is not without its own flaws. Two letters recording Governor Lambert's death give different dates for it, several film numbers reproduce identical accounts through duplicate photography rather than duplicate transactions, and the physical ordering of the films does not always follow the chronology of the events they describe. Family names recur across generations in ways that make firm identification uncertain, and the papers are, throughout, an administrative record: precise about money, goods and livestock, and comparatively rich about the disputes and testamentary wishes of propertied settlers, but affording little voice to the ordinary soldiers and slaves whose labour and lives they otherwise tracked as entries in a ledger. [Film No. 37-40; Film No. 113-114; Film No. 120-121; Film No. 141-142; Film No. 144; Film No. 146; Film No. 151-153]

Governance and Administration

When George Gabriel Powell took up the government after the death of his predecessor, Governor Lambert, he inherited a board reduced to a handful of men and, in its first weeks, unable even to keep a settled bench. The council that met on 13 April 1743 numbered only Powell and John Godfrey; four days later Godfrey was absent and John Diver sat as second of council in his place, before Godfrey returned to his seat on 21 April 1743 alongside Robert Wright as third. Such churn in a board of only three or four men points to a thin supply of qualified officers rather than any settled rotation, each vacancy filled as best it could be from the small circle of servants on the island. [Film No. 4-6]

On the same day, 21 April 1743, the council fixed a clearer division of offices, naming Godfrey accountant and Wright storekeeper, and resolving that accounts should be reckoned together on the second Tuesday of every month and quarterly accounts prepared by the third Tuesday of each quarter. Four letters of the same date carried news of Lambert's death to the Company's presidencies at Fort St George, Bombay and Bengal and to the pepper settlement of Fort Marlborough, naming Powell governor only until the Company's further pleasure should be known; two of the letters give different dates for Lambert's death itself, a discrepancy the council seems not to have noticed and one that should caution against treating every date in this record as beyond question. [Film No. 7; Film No. 37-40]

Separating the men who held the stores from the men who checked the figures was a deliberate answer to the unchecked accounting blamed for what the record calls, again and again through the year, the deficiency of 1741. The phrase recurs so often, in April's new division of offices, in the careful counting of the treasury in May and August, and in the exact dating of every officer's appointment and departure through to December, that it reads as much like a standing explanation applied by whoever kept the books as an argument freshly made on each occasion. The underlying practice it describes is real enough, dated transfers of office, goods referred to London rather than written off, and cash recounted from month to month, corroborated by the entries themselves rather than resting on the phrase alone. [Film No. 7; Film No. 21; Film No. 144; Film No. 181]

Through the middle of 1743 consultations followed a settled form, opening with the reading and approval of the previous meeting's minutes before new business proceeded, so that the council's decisions formed a continuous, minuted record rather than treating each gathering in isolation. Powell, Godfrey and Wright sat together at nearly every recorded consultation from June onward, exercising administrative, judicial and probate functions within the same small body, a concentration of power typical of East India Company settlements far from direct oversight. The council also controlled who might leave the island as closely as who governed it: Richard Goodwin's son Thomas, a boy of about 14, was granted leave to sail for England in the summer of 1743, and Joseph Kendall was likewise permitted to take his passage on the ground that he believed it would serve his advantage, decisions that show how far a passage home depended on formal permission in a settlement so isolated. [Film No. 64; Film No. 77-78; Film No. 81; Film No. 115-116; Film No. 129; Film No. 131; Film No. 144-145; Film No. 151]

When the office of secretary fell vacant in September 1743, the council did not leave the post unfilled; it directed Robert Wright to act in the role until a permanent appointment could be made, and that same month ordered every inhabitant to deliver an exact account of their family, land and cattle to the secretary's office, a periodic census that gave the administration current figures against which disputed claims could later be tested. Finding the combined offices of storekeeper and secretary too heavy a burden for one man, the council appointed Joshua Twyham as secretary in October, while separately taking on John Alexander as an assistant writer, whose father had served the Company for more than 40 years before his death, leaving a widow and a large family. On 4 October 1743 the council also issued a formal warrant authorising the churchwardens to collect a subscription already promised by the inhabitants for rebuilding the country church, religious infrastructure funded by voluntary local contribution that still needed the council's authority to give the collection legal standing. [Film No. 145; Film No. 147; Film No. 155; Film No. 195]

Military Affairs and Defence

Britain and France had not yet declared the war that would open formally in 1744, but fear of it already shaped the island's conduct from early 1743 onward. When Captain Peter's ship Tygress put to sea on 13 April 1743, His Majesty's ship Liverpool intercepted her under orders from a wartime committee of secrecy and turned her back into the road, a plain sign that private commanders now sailed subject to naval and Company control rather than their own judgement. Ten days later, on 22 April 1743, a Danish ship, the Crown Prince of Denmark, reached the island under Captain John Sichardt; although Denmark was no enemy of Britain, the council confined her officers and crew to Chapel Valley, closed the gates each night at nine and allowed no watering anywhere else along the shore, judging that the troubled state of Europe warranted the same guard against any foreign ship. [Film No. 4; Film No. 23]

The gunner's account for April 1743 recorded 151 guns fired that month for salutes, alarms and signals, but the greater part of the powder consumed, 250 of the 453 lb expended, went not on any of these but on exercising the guns themselves. Soldiers of the garrison earned an extra shilling a day for working at the fortifications in their own time, so that the same men who drilled at the great guns also built the works those guns would defend. [Film No. 17; Film No. 35]

By May 1743 the gunner's returns show 264 guns fired in the month and nearly 1,500 lb of powder spent, a figure the record itself calls far above the ordinary run. Much of this was ceremonial: nine guns for a captain's landing, salutes to arriving and departing ships, and a single day, 16 May 1743, that alone consumed 192 lb of powder on 141 guns as a whole fleet of captains and supercargoes took their leave together. Alongside the salutes ran repeated six-gun alarms at Turk's Cap, Prosperous Bay, Banks's and Munden's Point, fired to bring strange sail to and to answer sightings from the lookouts. This double demand, courtesy to trade and vigilance against an enemy, fits the wider context of the period: Britain had been at war with Spain since 1739, in a conflict that was widening by 1743 into the general War of the Austrian Succession, and an isolated station on the homeward route from Asia had good reason to arm even as it entertained the shipping that gave it its livelihood. [Film No. 66]

Gunner's stores shipped from England that season included priming horns, powder horns, handspikes and slow match by the hundredweight, restocking supplies the establishment's own monthly accounts had shown running low, while 16 barrels of powder were forwarded on the Royal Guardian to Fort Marlborough on the west coast of Sumatra, marking St Helena's part as a forwarding depot for the Company's other settlements. Fortification work at Rupert's during the same quarter drew on hired slave labour, credited to the owners who supplied it, and on paid soldiers' labour moved between the fort and Rupert's by boat. The quarterly pay list for April, May and June 1743 shows a garrison under real strain: at least 11 soldiers died within the three months, several within days of one another in April, which the record's own commentary reads as a sign that some sickness passed through the ranks, though the accounts give no diagnosis; at least four men deserted, including the sentinels Paul Brian and James Carr, against only a handful of new recruits. [Film No. 55; Film No. 82-90]

The gunner, John French, kept a monthly return of every discharge from the fort, whether fired at a genuine alarm, in salute to an arriving or departing ship, or in observance of the King's accession anniversary on 11 June, each entry set against the pounds of powder consumed with evident care. Among the salutes fired that June, 247 lb of powder expended when the Governor's lady went aboard a visiting ship exceeded every other salute of the month, including the 42 lb fired for a naval captain's own landing; since Company practice generally scaled a salute to the rank of the person honoured rather than to a private individual's standing, a display of that size for the Governor's wife points either to an exceptional local courtesy or, given the surviving figures elsewhere in the same return, to a possible error in the record, and the entry alone cannot settle which. [Film No. 113-114; Film No. 116]

A 12-gun salute marked the death and burial, on 4 August 1743, of a man recorded only as Elias General, entered in the gunner's return alongside the salutes fired for arriving ships and royal anniversaries; the account gives no further detail of his rank, service or status. Fortification accounts through the year included carpentry tools, saws, planes, chisels and gimlets, alongside deals and nails, evidence of ongoing building and repair work rather than any single project, and powder issued in July 1743 to what the account calls the stone blower suggests the garrison's gunpowder supply served quarrying or rock-blasting work as well as the fort's guns. [Film No. 110; Film No. 141-142; Film No. 149]

Fortification work continued towards the latter part of 1743 on a larger scale still. Bricklayers burned lime, a damaged sloop was repaired so it could carry lime along the coast, and the Governor ordered platforms laid and four 32-pounder guns mounted at Rupert's with, as he put it, convenient speed, the labour drawn from two separately accounted sources, soldiers of the garrison and slaves hired from private owners across the island. Later in the period the council described the situation as critical, ordering the militia mustered once a month for firearms instruction and requiring Company servants not in commission to attend as well; news from Europe, carried by arriving captains, appears twice in the record as a stated reason for caution, Britain by this date drawn increasingly into the War of the Austrian Succession with naval resources stretched thin, a context that helps explain why the council later refused to spare men for outbound ships, citing the unsettled state of affairs in Europe. The gunners' monthly accounts for these months recorded salutes fired for arriving and departing ships and for the King's birthday on 30 October, alongside repeated firing at alarms, together describing a garrison kept in practised readiness even when no attack came. [Film No. 154; Film No. 165-166; Film No. 169; Film No. 177-178; Film No. 183; Film No. 198; Film No. 202]

Settlement, Land and Agriculture

The monthly stock accounts trace a herd still recovering from the drought of 1737 and 1738, which had driven the Company's neat cattle down from 402 head in the mid-1730s to 239 by October 1738; by March and April 1743 the herd stood near 300, a caution reflected in the killing of only a cow or a heifer at a time outside the demands of the fleet season, the council plainly unwilling to break into its breeding stock. The goat herd tells a stranger story: the council had voted to destroy it entirely on 20 January 1730, yet goats reappear in the accounts from October 1739 and stood at some 180 head by 1743, bred openly on the Company's own account, the island's practical husbandry having quietly reversed a formal vote within a decade. A dairy room was built in early 1743 in the Great Wood, there having been no house before for the overseer of that district's milk, and both the March and the April stock accounts record exactly 29,000 lb of yams expended at the several plantations, an identical figure for two different months that looks less like a fresh measurement each time than a standing ration entered by habit. [Film No. 16; Film No. 22; Film No. 34]

In May 1743 the herd of neat cattle fell from 297 to 268 head as the season's fleet was victualled, 27 bullocks alone taken in the month to supply beef to 10 ships lying together in the road, while yams continued to be expended at 29,000 lb, a crop suited to St Helena's temperate climate and requiring comparatively little cultivation against imported grain. The June account, however, records improbably heavy losses among the sheep and goats, with the numbers given for animals that died matching almost exactly the numbers left remaining, an internal inconsistency that most probably reflects an error in transcription or in the original ledger's columns rather than an actual collapse of the flocks in a single month. Overseers named Samuel Doveton, John Swaites, Richard Tinsley and Richard Gurling headed the plantations and stock on the Company's standing pay establishment. [Film No. 65; Film No. 88; Film No. 93]

Powell, who besides the governorship held the office of husband responsible for the Company's livestock, continued through the summer to submit a monthly account of its cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses with enough precision to record even a single cow's death or sale, roughly 30,000 lb of yams expended at the plantations in most months. Land on the island passed between settlers through leases and sales administered by the council: Samuel Knipe's purchase of a parcel at Oatery was described not by measured survey but by reference to his neighbours' holdings, Benjamin Pledger's land, the Company's waste and water land, and John Spencer's new land, carrying a nominal yearly rent of 1s payable at Michaelmas that preserved the Company's ultimate title while leaving Knipe in practical possession. Joseph Powell secured a new lease for 6 acres split between Lemon Valley and Tobacco Plain after his old lease was lost, and the Reverend Edwin Alcock sought a lease for a garden in Chapel Valley that he had already bought at the public auction of the late John Goodwin's estate, both cases showing the council confirming tenure some time after the underlying transaction had already taken practical effect. [Film No. 117; Film No. 131-132; Film No. 147; Film No. 148]

The annual settlement of dues, taken from inhabitants assembled on 30 September 1743, set separate rates for ground rent, free land and leased land and raised £336 18s 9¼d in total; more revealing is the account's treatment of inheritance, for several holdings, including those of the Alexander, Bazotte, Draper and Girling families, were charged in the names of orphans, showing the Company collecting its dues from a deceased tenant's heirs rather than treating his death as ending the obligation. A similar principle appears in James Greentree's petition of 25 October 1743, asking to renew the expired lease on 2 acres in Lemon Valley that his late mother, Elizabeth Greentree, had held during her lifetime, which the council granted. Agriculture on the Company's own account centred on the yam plantations, reported in good condition through October, with Powell both lending yams and suckers to inhabitants and distributing parcels weekly to the poor of the island. The plantations' dependence on slave labour became explicit in November, when persistent rain was said to have brought pain and illness to slaves fencing Company pasture; Powell excused them and engaged voluntary workers instead, noting that one man working voluntarily on a fair day could out-perform two working in wet, treacherous conditions. [Film No. 171; Film No. 174-175]

Supply and Provisioning

Ship after ship of the 1743 fleet carried an almost identical parcel of stores, the same Batavia arrack, rice, Fusinda sugar and wax candles priced within a few rupees of one another aboard the Walpole, the Marlborough, the Houghton and the Wilmington, a uniformity pointing to a standard consignment fixed by the Company for the island's supply rather than anything bargained ship by ship. Persistent shortages were met not through this regular chain but by buying from whichever commander happened to lie in the road: the council bought cloth, wine and 119 lb of wax candles from Captain Peter because the castle held not a single butt of wine for its own table, and a set of china cups from another commander because the castle could not muster three cups of its own. The general table cost £85 3s in April 1743 alone, the bulk of it wine, arrack and oil, with fresh meat drawn directly from that month's cattle killings; even the Governor's own household depended entirely on imported drink and provisions carried in by sea, its only home-grown comfort the beef, mutton and goat's flesh taken from the Company's own herds. [Film No. 19-20; Film No. 24; Film No. 27; Film No. 29-30; Film No. 33; Film No. 36]

May brought a far larger reckoning still. The great invoice landed by the Royal Guardian ran to £5,362 17s and touched almost every article the establishment used, from haberdashery, glassware and stockings through indigo, brimstone and starch to deals, oak planks, coal, oil, brandy, wine and 600 pairs of shoes, its single largest line two chests of silver weighed at nearly £2,000, the specie the island needed to answer its own accounts. Against this backdrop the general table's own monthly account rose to £112 5s in May 1743, well above the £85 3s spent in April, the increase falling chiefly on drink for the commanders of the fleet then crowding the road. [Film No. 56-62; Film No. 67]

Through the summer separate monthly ledgers recorded diet expenses for the garrison and the general table, boat charges and fortification charges, each drawing on imported arrack, wine, sugar, flour and salted meat alongside locally supplied fresh beef, mutton and goat. Soldiers' meat allowance for May and June 1743 alone came to 10 puncheons of beef and 11 hogsheads of pork, provisioning organised well ahead of daily need rather than purchased piecemeal. The hospital's standing diet of broth was judged inadequate to the range of disorders among the sick, and in August 1743 the council funded a dedicated attendant, Mr Wedgett, at £10 per annum to provide more suitable food, working alongside the garrison's medical officer, Mr Kirkpatrick, rather than extending Kirkpatrick's own duties to cover it; the hospital's own funding drew on a fixed sixpence deducted monthly from every garrison soldier's pay, set against the outlay of the steward, David Wilson, on provisions, goats and necessaries for the sick, and when Wilson presented his half-year account in August 1743 he included his own six months' salary within the same reckoning as the goods he had bought. [Film No. 109; Film No. 112; Film No. 116; Film No. 118; Film No. 125-126; Film No. 129; Film No. 140-142; Film No. 149]

The Company store supplied the island in several parallel streams, each separately accounted: goods sold from store between July and September 1743, totalling £521 15s 9½d, ranged from arrack, sugar and tea to shalloons, sagathy, kersey, blankets, shoes and a long list of hardware and paint, while separate accounts covered fortification work, general charges, the garrison, the hospital, the plantations and the slave population, each drawing different goods in different proportions. The hospital kept its own turned bowls, ladle and brazier's ware, distinct from the kitchen equipment used elsewhere, suggesting food and medicine were prepared apart from the garrison's common cooking, while paint purchased for Company buildings relied on verdigris and white and red lead, toxic by modern standards but valued at the time for resisting the corrosive effects of salt air and damp on an exposed Atlantic island. Monthly returns continued to track the Company's cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses with considerable precision and recorded regular sales of beef to visiting Company ships, including the Duke of Lorraine, the Severn and the Swift. [Film No. 168; Film No. 182; Film No. 185-193; Film No. 201]

Trade and Shipping

The 1743 season brought shipping of unusual density from its opening weeks: the Marlborough arrived on 6 May 1743, and six more vessels, the Lynn, the Augusta, the Houghton, the Wilmington, the Princess Mary and the Onslow, came in together the very next day, 11 ships having called within about six weeks, a concentration of the Company's wealth in one small road that goes far to explain why the fortifications were being pressed forward so urgently earlier in the year. The island served the wider Company trade as much as its own needs: the Royal Guardian departed for the pepper settlement of Fort Marlborough only 10 days after arrival, carrying goods and stores forwarded on the council's own account, while passing soldiers who fell sick were offered care in the island's hospital before they sailed on. Three letters sent the same day, 21 April 1743, divided the island's request for the coming year's supply across the Company's eastern presidencies, cloth and wax candles asked of Fort St George, arrack of Bombay, and candles and staple provisions of Bengal, spreading the order so that no single presidency's shipping, and no one season's misfortune, could leave the island entirely without. [Film No. 7; Film No. 26; Film No. 37-40]

Foreign as well as English shipping called at the road. The Dutch ship Knappenhoff arrived from Batavia in June 1743 laden with tea and coffee, and the Vreeland arrived from the Cape shortly after, both departing together for Holland on 22 June 1743, a reminder that England and the Dutch Republic remained allies through this period of war with Spain and, before long, France. On 20 June 1743 a large convoy sailed together for England, His Majesty's ship Dover under Captain Frederick Rogers escorting six Company ships, the Augusta, Princess Mary, Houghton, Wilmington, Onslow and Britannia, the ordinary wartime practice of sending valuable merchant shipping home under naval protection. The island also passed goods onward rather than consuming them: pewter, small arms, earthenware, cutlery, coarse woollen bays and nearly 500 lb of glass beads were forwarded to Bencoolen aboard the Royal Guardian, the beads intended as currency for barter on the pepper coast and the muskets described as trading guns made expressly for exchange with the peoples of the archipelago rather than for the garrison's own defence. Customary courtesies bound the island to the shipping on which it depended, sheep, poultry, turkeys and 1,000 lemons presented to the commanders of His Majesty's ships Liverpool and Dover at their departure according to custom, lemons being the island's one genuinely abundant crop and valued at sea against scurvy on the long passage home. [Film No. 64; Film No. 68-69; Film No. 79-80; Film No. 90]

Through the middle months of the year the same pattern continued. Ships named across the record, the Dover man of war under Captain Rogers, the Shaftesbury under Captain Matthew Bookey, and later the Tigris, Defence, Walpole, Marlborough, Lynn, Wilmington, Houghton, Princess Mary, Augusta, Onslow and Britannia, mark St Helena's place on the shipping lane between Europe, the Cape and the East Indies, where vessels called to take on stores, water and fresh provisions; quarterly charges for stores delivered to each ship were settled through cash paid into the Company's chest, the island's revictualling role run as a costed commercial service rather than an act of simple hospitality. Salutes were fired for Dutch ships arriving and departing on the same terms as for English vessels, a customary exchange of courtesies extended to a nation whose own East India Company was, in ordinary commercial terms, a rival to the English concern, but with whom Britain's wider relations in these years were far from hostile. [Film No. 113-114; Film No. 126-127; Film No. 150]

The final quarter opened with a crisis at sea. The Duke of Lorraine, under Captain Nathaniel Hancock, arrived on 30 October 1743 from Batavia and Bencoolen in a deplorable state, having sprung a dangerous leak within 24 hours of leaving Bencoolen with only 10 well men left aboard; her surviving crew reported parting from Captain Gillow to the eastward of the Cape and said his ship, the Devonshire, had been lost with her whole company about 10 days later, news that reached St Helena only at second hand, from men themselves in poor health, and should be treated as an unconfirmed report rather than settled fact. The ship's condition provoked an extended response through November: Captain Joseph Collier of the Severn, arrived on 5 November 1743 from Borneo with pepper, lent his own caulkers and carpenters since Hancock's ship had none of her own; a council survey then confirmed that her salt provisions had spoiled and 16 casks were condemned, and with Hancock's crew too sick to work the ship unaided the council agreed to spare him 12 garrison men. The Duke of Lorraine sailed on 28 November 1743 together with the Severn and the Company sloop Swift, which had herself arrived from Madagascar on 23 November carrying 70 slaves besides rice, calavances and gunpowder; two days later the Grantham, under Captain Hale, and the Neptune, under Captain Dabbady, arrived from Madagascar, both captains petitioning for extra men on account of thin crews and the danger from privateers cruising near the Channel, a request the council refused on the ground that the state of Europe made it impossible to oblige them. [Film No. 174-175; Film No. 177; Film No. 179-180; Film No. 195; Film No. 198]

Slavery and Coerced Labour

The fortification works of April 1743 were built substantially on slave labour hired out by owners and credited against their own accounts, Powell himself the largest contributor at 344 days over the quarter, with the estates of dead inhabitants, entered as the orphans of Charles Steward, John Bazett and Isaac Phillips, supplying further days on the same footing and turning slaves' labour into inherited income for wards under the council's own oversight. A black cooper hired to the Company at 15 pies a day for 78 days appears in the same pay account as the island's free salaried servants but on wholly different terms, without diet, hospital stoppage or any settled post. In April two of the Company's slaves died, Will Fetch on 10 April and Lewis on 13 April, both deaths entered on the same monthly stock account as the deaths of cattle and hogs; weeks later the free crew of the Britannia declared they would rather become slaves to the Company than sail again under a violent mate, a comparison that shows how plainly even sailors regarded slavery as the visible floor of the island's social order, set against a record that could note two slave deaths without a line of comment beyond the bare fact. [Film No. 16; Film No. 34; Film No. 49]

Through May and June the Company's slaves continued to appear chiefly as property to be provisioned, valued and occasionally sold. A batch of 100 frying pans bought expressly for the slaves and clothing for 42 slaves, including chintz for the workmen and children and wool bought to make cloth, were charged to the general accounts, and a house rented for holding the Company's slaves was paid two years' back rent before being purchased outright from its owner, Thomas Moslyn, for £100, converting a recurring liability into a single settled cost. The stock account for May 1743 notes, beneath its tallies of cattle and hogs and in the same hand and column, that a boy named Tom died on 27 May 1743 and a woman named Magdalena on 29 May 1743, while the paymaster's account for the same quarter enters the sale of three slave girls, aged 8, 8 and 7 years, to George Gabriel Powell, Susannah Greentree and Samuel Doveton as ordinary cash receipts, recorded without comment alongside recovered debts and treasury draws. A separate account notes, just as plainly, that a slave boy named Sharper ran away during June 1743 with no mention of pursuit or reward. Slave labour was also hired out for public work and credited to owners, the largest sums again going to Powell and to the orphaned estates of Charles Steward, John Bazett and Simon Whaley, while among the salaried establishment a single black cooper was paid a wage as a skilled tradesman, a rare instance of a man held as property being valued for a particular skill rather than counted only as labour or livestock. St Helena also served as a conduit for the wider regional slave trade without being its origin: a consignment forwarded to Bencoolen included 50 pairs of fetters, foot locks and hand cuffs and 24 collars and chains, entered in the same account as ordinary coals and flour. [Film No. 60; Film No. 65; Film No. 70; Film No. 88-89; Film No. 91-93; Film No. 95; Film No. 98]

Later ledgers headed simply blacks recorded a distinct, cheaper stock of textiles, bayes, kersey, chelloe and deescoteles among them, issued for slave clothing and kept apart from the finer broadcloth and long cloth sold to the free population through the general store, a separation repeated across several months that shows the council maintaining slavery as a recognised administrative category within its own book-keeping rather than merely an incidental social fact. When the Governor borrowed Company bullocks in September 1743 he explained that some were intended for the next slave ship due at the island, confirming that St Helena's provisioning trade extended directly to vessels carrying slaves as well as to the Company's own homeward shipping. Richard Gurling's codicil that same period bequeathed a slave woman named Money to his wife, with the alternative that she pass instead to his son Robert should the wife die first, naming her only by the diminishing term the period applied to slave women regardless of age and disposing of her by the same legal mechanism used for cattle and land; nothing in the will records her own circumstances or wishes, a silence made more pointed by the same council's willingness, in the very same run of documents, to hear Priscilla Higham argue and win a claim to a single heifer. [Film No. 111; Film No. 123; Film No. 139; Film No. 145; Film No. 153]

The final quarter's record treats slavery still more incidentally, embedded in accounts kept for other purposes, which is itself informative of how the Company regarded slave labour, chiefly as property to be counted, valued and moved. The monthly livestock return for September 1743 noted the birth of two children, a boy named Jack and a girl named Mary, in the same entry format used for calves, lambs and kids born to the Company's herds, and the paymaster's account for the same quarter records the sale of two slave girls, aged 4 and 16 years, for £7 and £16 respectively, folded into a list of receipts that also included yams and a mare colt. Slaves belonging to private owners were regularly hired out for the fortification works, the Company paying the owner directly rather than the person whose labour was performed, while a separate blacks' account for provisions and clothing, weighted toward rice, beef, pork and coarse cloth, set out something close to a standard ration kept apart from the accounts for the garrison and the general table. The Swift's arrival from Madagascar on 23 November 1743 with 70 slaves, 60 men and 10 boys, all reported in good health, places St Helena within the wider Indian Ocean slave trade, a traffic supplying labour from Madagascar to European settlements distinct from, though comparable to, the better documented Atlantic trade of the same period. The death of a slave named Ozan was recorded in November without further comment, alongside the deaths of cattle and goats in the same monthly stock account, beef being noted as issued to sick slaves that same month, and two visiting ships' muster rolls each named a slave among the crew, one known only as Black Tom aboard the Duke of Lorraine and an unnamed man recorded only as a slave aboard the Neptune, evidence that slave labour circulated through Company shipping as well as through the island itself. [Film No. 165; Film No. 167-168; Film No. 192; Film No. 194-195; Film No. 197; Film No. 201]

Economy, Finance, Currencies, Bartering and Accounting

When the council counted its treasury in May 1743 it listed coin by coin, pagodas, Venetian sequins, Spanish dollars and their halves, double rials, ducatoons and a small holding of English guineas, a mixed currency reflecting trade across the whole Indian Ocean rather than any single national coinage; taken shortly after the storekeeper was given the key to the cash chest, this careful inventory reads as a direct answer to the deficiency uncovered in the Company's accounts in 1741. The paymaster's quarterly account for April, May and June 1743 was cast in a formal debtor and credit form, both sides summing to £1,794 4s 7d and closing with a small balance of £125 6s 1½d returned to the treasury; such exact balancing shows real procedural discipline, though it is worth remembering that the same council both kept these books and audited them, so the figures prove order in the paperwork rather than any independent check against fraud. In June the council resolved once more to keep strictly to its own rule of examining journal parcels on the second Tuesday of every month, having missed the date once because the business of the Britannia had crowded it out, a reminder that even a council anxious to demonstrate order could be pulled off its own timetable by more pressing affairs. [Film No. 19-21; Film No. 52]

The same season's accounts show money moving in several distinct registers at once. Every ship that called was charged and credited in a strict double-entry reckoning, a uniform 5s anchorage fee, a barrel of powder delivered for defence and generally two barrels received back into the magazine, and beef supplied from the plantation at a fixed price, the balance settled in cash, in returned powder, or by a bill of exchange drawn on a named captain payable in London; the Marlborough settled her account by a bill on Captain Richard Micklefield, the Princess Mary's Captain Osborne likewise paid by a bill on the same Captain Micklefield, and the Augusta's balance was simply carried forward to be paid in England. Cash sent to Bencoolen in the same season included four chests of copper money, some 66,000 half and whole dollars, and a further Bengal invoice, brought by the ship Shaftesbury, carried a batta charge of 8 per cent added to every purchase, a standing allowance for the difference in coinage value between Bengal and the sterling accounts kept on St Helena, an ordinary feature of Company trade between its Asian and Atlantic settlements rather than any irregularity. [Film No. 70; Film No. 72-73; Film No. 91; Film No. 97-98]

Robert Wright, as storekeeper, presented monthly ledgers of goods sold from the Company's stores to island residents, an extensive retail trade in cloth, provisions, tools and household wares that in June 1743 alone totalled £284 15s 6d, conducted through a single Company store rather than competing merchants and giving the council both a commercial monopoly and a detailed record of what individual households were consuming; debts the council judged uncollectable, including sums owed for soldiers' clothing by men who had since died, were formally written off to profit and loss rather than left standing indefinitely. When the council counted the Company's cash again on 22 August 1743, the total of £3,774 16s 10d was made up of Spanish dollars, doubloons, rupees, royals and half royals, Venetian sequins, Indian pagodas, gold in lumps and a quantity of paper cash notes, all reduced to a single sterling figure, and the identical total was recorded again when the council recounted its cash on 17 September 1743, an internal check confirming its holdings had not moved between the two dates. [Film No. 128; Film No. 133-137; Film No. 144; Film No. 146]

The paymaster's quarterly account for July to September 1743 set out the pay of every Company servant by company and rank, distinguishing a fixed salary from a separate diet allowance, and totalled £1,372 8s 8¼d in pay and £250 18s 6¼d in diet across the quarter; one entry illustrates the limits of what these accounts reveal, for Sergeant Isaac Snipe was paid only to 3 August and then again from 3 to 30 September, with no explanation for the gap between, the record simply closing the books around it. Superannuated servants continued to draw pay after leaving active service, evidence of a standing, if modest, pension system, Margaret Goodwin among them, paid £15 at two months with no rank given her. The paymaster's own account of receipts and payments, submitted on 18 October 1743, shows funds flowing in from several sources at once, the treasury, soldiers' diet deductions, a private bond owed to him personally, and the husband's sale of Company produce and livestock, all folded into a single general fund used to meet salaries and other charges, with a fixed allowance of £24 13s 10½d for 71 days of servants' provisions in the castle charged as a lump sum in contrast to the individually named pay lists elsewhere in the account. When the treasury was counted again on 13 November 1743 it stood at £3,347 4s 7½d, a figure the record calls unchanged from the previous month's count, yet set beside the £3,774 16s 10d recorded in August and September this represents a real fall of some £427 across the autumn, a decline each individual recount, taken alone, would not reveal. [Film No. 144-146; Film No. 157-167; Film No. 181]

Judiciary, Crime and Punishment

Christopher Dixon, dismissed from the council some time before 13 February 1743, presented a paper on 17 May 1743 demanding a stated cause for his removal, setting out three charges he had heard against him, a bottle of arrack, the punishment of one Jeremiah Smith, and concealing a report touching the Governor and one of the Miss Lamberts, and asking to see the evidence against him. Tellingly, this hearing was held by Godfrey and Wright alone, Powell absent from a matter in which two of the three charges concerned him directly, and the council could do no more than refer the whole affair up to the Company's directors in London. [Film No. 31-32]

The longest judicial exercise of these months turned on a ship over which the council had, by its own account, no jurisdiction at all. To examine the conduct of Thomas and James Sampson, mates of the Britannia, the council enlarged its board with as many as six visiting ship's captains and took sworn depositions separately from officers, a joiner and even the accused Thomas Sampson's own servant, reaching real judicial distinctions from the evidence, acquitting James Sampson while finding Thomas Sampson the chief aggressor. Yet its stated reasons for acting rested less on any verdict of guilt than on getting a valuable, laden ship safely home in time of threatened war; the crew's declaration that they would rather die, or become slaves to the Company, than sail again under Thomas Sampson gave the council its lever to act, which raises a fair question about how far such a hearing served the sailors' own justice as against the Company's interest in its cargo. No formal criminal trial appears anywhere in this stretch of the papers, and Thomas Sampson's removal was achieved not by any sentence the council could pass but by persuading the six visiting captains to add their names to a joint letter demanding his discharge, a reminder that a station without its own criminal court could still discipline serious misconduct through negotiation backed by numbers. [Film No. 44-50]

Coercive power over individuals worked chiefly through debt and command rather than punishment properly so called. The estate of the late Governor John Goodwin, dead some years before, was still being realised in 1743 through public auctions yielding sums as small as a shilling or two, and two time-served soldiers, John Drury and Thomas Brown, were refused their discharge and passage home in May 1743 because they still owed money to that estate, so that a dead governor's unsettled affairs continued to constrain living men's liberty long after his death. Dixon himself resurfaced later that summer in a pettier but revealing episode: Powell complained to the council that Dixon had repeatedly mocked him in the street, cocking his hat and pointing in his face rather than offering the compliment due to a gentleman and to the island's commander in chief, and had gone further still, making signs and pointing at him during divine service in church. The council's remedy was limited to the one lever it held over a man no longer in its employ, barring him from setting foot aboard any ship in the road and warning him to conform his conduct to good manners, an insult read as an affront to the Company's authority itself rather than a merely private grievance. [Film No. 32-33; Film No. 41; Film No. 79-80]

The council's most detailed civil dispute of the year concerned a heifer that Benjamin Pledger had bought, in good faith and at an independently set price, from the father of Priscilla Higham, only for Higham to prove the animal had descended from a cow given to her alone and never rightfully her father's to sell; the council voided the sale, restored the heifer to Higham and left Pledger to recover his money from her father's estate, upholding the security of inherited ownership over the fairness of an honestly conducted purchase. Rules the council enforced so strictly against an ordinary settler were not always applied to itself: a few weeks later it lent the Governor as many Company bullocks as he wished to fatten, on his own undertaking to return the same number when the next slave ship arrived, without security or any recorded condition, a contrast that suggests one standard for the council's own head and another for the settlers whose disputes it judged. The council also acted repeatedly as trustee and probate court, managing the estate of the soldier John Bradley on behalf of his orphaned children and ordering the effects of Jonathan Higham, who had died intestate and indebted to the Company, sold at public auction to satisfy his creditors; wills proved before it relied on the oaths of surviving witnesses, William Simpson's dividing named silver ornaments and clothing between his two sons while leaving his daughter Elizabeth the family house together with the duty of raising her youngest brother, and Mary Screws' surviving on the oath of a single witness, Richard Beale, more than a year after her death, the council accepting one credible oath rather than insisting on the number ordinarily expected. [Film No. 115; Film No. 130-131; Film No. 144; Film No. 151]

Later cases show the same court applying markedly different degrees of care depending on who stood accused. An unresolved question over the estate of the late John Warrall's wife, concerning whether a deceased daughter's husband's heirs could inherit a child's share, was settled on the reasoning that the right had vested in those heirs once the couple predeceased the mother. James Baywood, imprisoned for stealing a watch, petitioned for mercy as a first offence, but the council could give him no assurance, since theft above a certain value counted as grand larceny, a capital felony under English law as applied on the island, and pardon in such a case lay beyond what the council alone could grant before the matter reached the quarter sessions. A more troubling case concerned a Mr Dixon, whom the Governor reproved for getting a black woman with child while she had been sent out on her master's business, a surname that recalls Christopher Dixon of the earlier affair, though the record gives no fuller identification and the two may or may not have been the same man; when this Dixon responded with open contempt, laughing before the council, he received only a further warning, an outcome that reflects how little weight a black woman's testimony carried in island justice and how far a free white inhabitant's insolence could go unpunished without a white witness or a formal charge. The gravest case recorded was Alice Deloaf's complaint against John Upton and Jeptha Germain, whom she accused, with corroboration from a 16-year-old witness, Arthur Bradley, of holding her against her will and raping her while Germain stood over her with a drawn bayonet; both men, called to answer, said only that they had been too drunk to remember what had happened, and the council referred the matter to a jury at the next quarter sessions rather than deciding it directly. Later in the period three sailors of the Grantham, accused of assaulting Captain Dabbady of the Neptune and of mutinous conduct against their own ship's officers, were ordered whipped severely before being returned to their captain for further punishment, a summary justice that stands in sharp contrast to the deferred, more cautious handling given to Deloaf's case and to Baywood's. [Film No. 154; Film No. 173; Film No. 175-177; Film No. 199]

Religion and Education

Through the spring and summer the chaplain, Edwin Mock, drew 25 rupees a month with a small diet allowance, and a schoolmaster, Richard Beale, appears among the civil establishment on similarly modest pay; beyond these entries in the paymaster's accounts the papers of this period say nothing of worship or schooling, concerned as they are with the cost of maintaining such offices rather than with how they were conducted. Every will proved before the council opened with a near-identical commendation of the testator's soul to God and a request for Christian burial, a formula so consistent that it reveals more about customary legal phrasing than about individual belief. [Film No. 8; Film No. 15; Film No. 130; Film No. 143; Film No. 151-153]

By the middle of the year the island's clergyman appears in the record as the Reverend Edwin Alcock, seeking a lease for his own garden rather than acting in any pastoral capacity; whether this reflects a change of chaplain during 1743 or simply an inconsistency of naming of the kind already noted elsewhere in this record cannot be settled from the material itself. Nothing in the middle months records a school building or funds set aside for teaching beyond a single spelling book and a primer sold through the general store, though towards the end of the year two teachers, Elias Twyman and Matthew Darling, were paid quarterly alongside the garrison and civil establishment together with the chaplain, now named as Edwin Alcock throughout, suggesting either a genuine expansion of educational provision or simply that such matters were better recorded in the later films. The near-total absence of educational provision earlier in the year may reflect a genuine gap in what the island offered its children, or only that such matters were recorded elsewhere and do not survive in this run. The rebuilding of the country church, authorised by council warrant in October, depended on a subscription raised from the inhabitants rather than on any direct Company grant. [Film No. 104; Film No. 147; Film No. 155; Film No. 157]

Social Order and Personalities

The paymaster's lists set a steep hierarchy of pay, the Governor drawing £123 against a common sentinel's £3 8s, with a body of superannuated pensioners kept on at reduced allowances after age or infirmity ended their active service; set against this careful reckoning, paid to the day for every promotion and death, stood the black cooper hired at a plain daily wage and never entered on the settled establishment at all. The whole company of the Britannia found a way to be heard collectively when individual complaint had not been enough, subscribing a petition in a round robin so that no single name stood at its head and no one man could be picked out as ringleader, a device that shows even ordinary mariners passing through the road had a recognised means of pressing a grievance the council could not ignore. The widow of the late Governor Lambert paid £317 owed to her husband into the treasury in exchange for bills on the Company, while the late Governor John Goodwin, dead several years before, remained a presence in the record through the slow sale of his goods and the debts his estate still pressed against living men such as Drury and Brown. [Film No. 8; Film No. 15; Film No. 32-33; Film No. 41; Film No. 48]

George Gabriel Powell rose from second of council under Lambert to head of the board within a year, his own 344 days of hired slave labour the largest single contribution to the fortifications even as his household went so bare of ordinary comforts that the castle could not muster three cups of its own. Christopher Dixon's fall from the council remained only half explained even by his own account, three oddly assorted charges left without any answer beyond a promise to consult the Company in London, and his subsequent conduct toward Powell, mocking him openly in the street and in church, showed a man confident enough in his own standing, or reckless enough in his resentment, to risk the council's censure rather than accept his removal quietly. Thomas Sampson and his brother James produced the single longest episode early in the year, one brother accused by witness after witness of throttling and threatening to kill, the other defended in part by the gunner's own alleged insolence, their contrasting fates, discharge for one and acquittal for the other, showing a council capable of fine distinctions once sworn evidence was in hand. [Film No. 16; Film No. 31-33; Film No. 44-47; Film No. 79-80]

Priscilla Higham stands out among these months for successfully defending an inherited animal against both her own father's prior dealing and a purchaser who had taken reasonable care, a rare instance in this material of a woman prevailing in a contested claim before the council, though set against the same council's readiness to lend the Governor Company bullocks on his word alone. David Wilson appears twice under circumstances that do not obviously reconcile, once as the hospital's paid steward in August 1743 and once, in a nearby and undated entry, as a deceased debtor whose clothing account was written off, a discrepancy that may indicate two different men of the same name rather than one. Richard Gurling, whose own will inconsistently names him both Richard and Robert, at first indulged his son Robert's wish to raise a separate stock of cattle on the family land, then barred it entirely once his other children objected, a father overriding his own inclination once weighed against the claims of a larger family, while the gunner John French emerges across the whole year as a meticulous record-keeper, tracking powder to the pound across dozens of individual firings each month. [Film No. 113-115; Film No. 117; Film No. 128-129; Film No. 153]

Governor Powell dominates the final quarter's record as he had the rest of the year, signing council minutes, reporting personally on the state of the yam plantations and the health of slaves working the Company's fences, and continuing to double as husband, the officer responsible for Company stock and plantations. Captain Nathaniel Hancock of the Duke of Lorraine emerges as a more ambiguous figure, outwardly desperate for help to sail his stricken ship home yet later accused by Ensign Daniel Owen of hiding three garrison men aboard rather than returning them ashore, the council itself recording surprise at what it called his incivility in leaving with men so recently spared to him. Captain Joseph Collier of the Severn appears throughout as a cooperative figure by contrast, lending his own craftsmen to repair the Duke of Lorraine and agreeing to delay his own departure for the Company's wider interest. Alice Deloaf and her young witness, Arthur Bradley, gave detailed and consistent depositions against considerable social pressure, while the Mr Dixon of the paternity case, laughing openly at a formal reproof, stands as a small but telling instance of how confident a free man could be that his position would protect him. [Film No. 173-177; Film No. 199-200]

Conclusion

Read across the whole of 1743, the council of St Helena under Powell, Godfrey and Wright administered a small, closely watched community bound together by Company commerce, subsistence agriculture and a garrison maintained against threats that, for most of the year, never materialise beyond routine alarms, only to close it with a stricken ship, a rape unresolved, and a war in Europe pressing ever closer. Its own scrupulous form, coming so soon after the deficiency of 1741 and repeated in treasury counts from May to November, suggests a council eager to be seen governing well, while the Sampson affair in the spring and the Dixon and Deloaf cases in the summer and autumn show how far its real authority still depended on persuading others, captains in the road or directors in London, rather than on any power fully its own. What the papers leave largely silent, the daily experience of the slaves whose hired labour raised the batteries and fenced the plantations, whose deaths were entered beside the cattle, and whose children were sold and born into the same ledgers as calves and lambs, says as much about the island's true order as anything the council chose to set down. The record is, throughout, an institutional one: rich in the Company's own priorities of money, goods and livestock, and comparatively silent on the lives, slave and free, whose labour and testimony it depended on but rarely centred. [Film No. 4-202]

Film No	Page No.	OCR Transcription	Modern Interpretation and analysis
1		EAP 1364 St Helena Document Name and Date: St Helena Records 1743-4 Photographer: Shelley Date photographed: 22 Nov 2021 Additional comments: [blank]	EAP 1364 St Helena Document Name and Date: St Helena Records 1743-4 Photographer: Shelley Date photographed: 22 Nov 2021 Additional comments: [blank]
2		Book cover
3		XXVII 13 April 1743 - 9 March 1743/4 (only 2/3 filled). Mr Dixon’s conduct - page 76, 171
4	1	Island St Helena At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 13th April 1743 at the Castle Present George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governor John Godfrey [...] of Council The last Consultation was read and approved Yesterday Evening Captain Peter having Compleated the caulking of his Ships Sides and Decks and got her ready for the Sea went on Board and this Morning at Sun rise Saluted the Fort and was under way, when [...] after the Alarm Guns fired and thereupon we sent our Boat on Board Captain Peter, and desired him to stand off and on untill such time as we could have what Ship it was to Windward that we might send our Masters an Account of her, and she proved to be his Majestys Ship Liverpool Captain Swanton who Immediately gave Captain Peter Orders from the Honourable the Committee of Jersey who thereupon steered his Ship in the road again.- It is to be observed that Captain Peter Received his Sailing Orders from the Governor the 6th Instant and has our Packett on Board for the Honourable the Court of Directors. The Supplies that Ship Tygris brought us are as follows Viz: Invoice p Ship Tygris A Batavia Arrack. N°1&2 4 Leagers @ 320 Gallons is 1280 Windsor Rupees p Leagers 550.- Sugar [...] N°2&3 3 Bags qt 1st [...] W' is 7.1.9 @ 12 Maas Rupees p Bagg 66.- Carried over 616	Island of St Helena. At a consultation held on Wednesday 13 April 1743 at the castle, the members attending were Governor George Gabriel Powell, styled Deputy Governor, and John Godfrey, second of council. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. The council reported that on the previous morning Captain Peter, having finished caulking his ship's sides and decks and made her ready for sea, went aboard, and that his ship saluted the fort at sunrise that morning and got under way. The council at once sent its boat out to him and asked him to lie to until it could learn what ship was to windward, which it took to be a Madras vessel on her account. She proved to be His Majesty's ship Liverpool, Captain Scanton, who immediately gave Captain Peter orders from the committee of secrecy, on which Peter brought his ship back to the road. Captain Peter had received his sailing orders from the Governor on 6 April, and carried the packet aboard for the Company's Court of Directors. The supplies the Tygress brought were as follows, set out in an invoice for the ship: A: Batavia arrack, 1 leaguer of 320 gallons at 550 madras rupees the leaguer, 550 rupees No. 1 to 2: sugar candy, 2 [...] at a rate, 66 rupees No. 2 to 3: rice, 3 bags of factory weight at 7 rupees 1 anna 9 pies, at 13 madras rupees the bag, 616 rupees carried over Interpretations The supply invoice is reckoned in madras rupees, the coinage of the Company's Fort St George settlement, distinguishing it from the Bombay or Bengal rupee and confirming the Tygress traded on the Coromandel coast. A leaguer was a large cask for spirits, holding here 320 gallons of Batavia arrack, the rum-like spirit distilled from sugar and rice at the Dutch settlement of Batavia and carried widely as ship's liquor. The candy was a bulk weight of several hundred pounds by which sugar was priced. His Majesty's ship Liverpool carried orders from the committee of secrecy, a wartime body of the Company empowered to issue confidential sailing instructions, holding ships in convoy and controlling their movements against the risk of enemy capture. That a naval escort turned Captain Peter back into the road as he was clearing the island shows the war footing under which the season's shipping now moved, private commanders subordinated to the Company's secret orders and to the protection of the King's ships.
5	2	brought over ..... 616. R Rice N° 1 @ 20 20 Bags of [...] Weight is N° 2. 11 @ 1.3 p Rupe 33.9 651.9 Charges Merchandize. 1st Bags & Sewing 5.3.9 Watchmen 1.12. Washerman 1. Boat Hire 2.1.3 9.2 Current Rupees 660.11 G G Powell John Gray[...] At a Consultation held on Sunday the 17th April 1743 at the Castle Present George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governor John Gray [...] of Council Robert Wright [...] of Council The last Consultation was read and confirmed This day arrived out Honourable Ship [...] Guardian Captain William [...] Benson from [...]	The account of rice supplied from India by the Royal Guardian, brought over from an earlier leaf at 616 rupees, took in a further consignment of rice in 20 bags numbered 1 to 20 at factory weight, coming to 35 rupees 9 annas, for a subtotal of 651 rupees 9 annas. Against this stood the charges of merchandise: bags and sewing, 5 rupees 3 annas 9 pies mattocks, 1 rupee 12 annas dubashman, 1 rupee boat hire, 2 rupees 1 anna 3 pies charges of merchandise total, 9 rupees 2 annas current rupees, 660 rupees 11 annas The account carried the signatures of George Gabriel Powell and John Godfrey. At a consultation held on Sunday 17 April 1743 at the castle, the members attending were Governor George Gabriel Powell, styled Deputy Governor, John Diver, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. The Royal Guardian, commanded by Captain William Paul Benson, came in from India. Interpretations The supply account is reckoned in rupees, annas and pies, the currency of the Company's Indian settlements, a rupee dividing into sixteen annas and an anna into twelve pies. The rice bags are entered at factory weight, the standard weight certified at the Company's Indian warehouse from which they shipped, so the island could check the delivery against the invoice. The dubashman charge covered the fee of a dubash, an Indian broker and interpreter who arranged the purchase and lading of goods on the coast, an unavoidable cost of trading through local intermediaries. The board that certified and received this supply marks a wholly changed council. George Gabriel Powell, who had served as Deputy Governor and second of council through the Jenkins and Lambert administrations, now sat as head of the board, with John Diver and Robert Wright in the seats below him, in place of the Powell, Godfrey and Dixon council of May 1742.
6	3	As soon as the Packett came on Shore we opened it in Presence of Us all and read through our Masters Orders. Agreed to send the Captain the following Letter Viz: To Captain William Paul Benson. Sir We desire you'l send on Shore with all the Expedition you can all such Goods and Merchandize as are on Board Your Ship and Consigned to us by the Honourable Company. If you want any help we are Ready to Assist you. We are St Helena Sir 17th April 1743 Your Most Humble Servants G G Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright And Ordered that due attendance should be given at the Water Side by the Storekeeper &c for the Receival of the Goods. G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright At a Consultation held on Thursday the 18th April 1743 at the Castle Present George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governor John Godfrey [...] of Council Robert Wright [...] of Council The last Consultation was read and confirmed We this day read over again our Honourable Masters Orders [...] Vigilent Guardian with Promise to Comply with them in every Particular and for the	As soon as the packet came ashore the council opened it before all its members and, following the Company's orders, agreed to send Captain William Paul Benson the following letter. The council desired him to send ashore, with all speed, the goods and merchandise aboard his ship consigned to the council by the Company, and offered any help he might need. The letter was dated at St Helena, 17 April 1743, and subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. The council then ordered the storekeeper to give proper attendance at the waterside for receiving the goods. This order was signed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. At a consultation held on Thursday 21 April 1743 at the castle, the members attending were Governor George Gabriel Powell, styled Deputy Governor, John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. The council read the Company's orders again that day, and resolved that the Royal Guardian and Benson should comply with them in every particular. Interpretations The Company's practice was to seal its instructions to the council in a packet carried aboard the ship, opened only before the full board on arrival, so that no single officer controlled the orders and every member stood witness to their contents. The letter to Benson turns on the Company's monopoly claim over the cargo, the goods aboard being consigned to the council rather than to the commander for his own trade, and the storekeeper's attendance at the waterside gave the council a tally of every parcel landed as its check against the ship's invoice. The council here shows a different composition from the consultation of four days earlier. John Diver, who sat as second of council on 17 April 1743, does not appear on 21 April 1743, John Godfrey taking the second seat with Robert Wright remaining third.
7	4	Practice carrying on the Business We appoint Mr. Godfrey Accomptant and Mr. Wright Storekeeper with this Resolution that the Second Tuesday of every Month shall be the day that we Muster to each other in Council our Respective Accounts such as the Husbands Accounts and the Journal Parcells together with the Guineas and Muster and that the paymaster and Storekeeper do Ballance their Quarterly Accounts the Third Tuesday of every Quarter without fail. and by this means we shall be sure of our Accounts being Punctually kept up hereafter. Mr Godfrey was Ordered to prepair an Invoice of the Swifts Cargoe and see the Goods and Diaries Shiped on Board the Royall Guardian for Bencoolen Agreeable to our Honourable Masters Orders. Some few things we have Sold for our Masters Account which are as follows Viz: Sold of the Swifts Cargoe Pewter 9.16.4 Earthenware 11.3.6 Pipes or Guns 1.19.- 1 Looking Glass 4. 19.2.10 Fortification wt Thread 1 Wt Needles Blacks 20 Yards Bays Small Arms 1 Long Gun 3 half Buccaneer pieces Captain Watts had Disposed off Charge General 10 Deals. This being the tenth Working day since the Arrival of Ship Royall Guardian and the Goods Consigned to us by her being all safely Landed We gave the Capt the following Sailing Orders Viz: To Captain William Paul Benson. Sir The Ten Working days being Expired and the Honble Companys Goods Landed We therefore hereby Order You to make the best of your Way to Fort Marlbro upon the West Coast of Sumatra. We wish you a good Voyage and are St Helena Sir 18th April 1743 Your Most Humble Servants G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright	To carry on the business, the council appointed Mr Godfrey accountant and Mr Wright storekeeper, resolving that the second Tuesday of every month should be the day on which the members reckoned their respective accounts together in council, the storekeeper's accounts and the journal proper, along with the gunner's and steward's accounts, and that the paymaster and storekeeper should prepare their quarterly accounts by the third Tuesday of every quarter without fail. By this means the council could be sure its accounts were kept punctually. Mr Godfrey was ordered to prepare an invoice of the Swift's cargo and to see the goods and stores put aboard the Royal Guardian for Bencoolen, following the Company's orders. The council had sold a few items for the Company's account, as follows. Sold of the Swift's cargo: pewter, £2 16s 4d leather ware, £12 3s 6d paper and quills, £1 19s 0d 1 looking glass, £0 4s 0d total, £19 2s 10d Put to the fortification: 10 [...] of thread and 1 [...] of nails. Put to the blacks: 20 yards of bays. Put to the small arms: 1 long gun and 3 half buccaneer pieces that Captain Watts had disposed of. Put to the charge general: 10 deals. The council recorded that this was the tenth day since the Royal Guardian arrived, the goods consigned to it being all safely landed, and that it gave Captain William Paul Benson his sailing orders. The letter told him the ten days were now expired and the Company's goods landed, and ordered him to make the best of his way to Bencoolen upon the west coast of Sumatra. It wished him a good voyage, was dated at St Helena, 21 April 1743, and subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. Interpretations The monthly and quarterly reckoning the council fixed was a deliberate audit routine, dividing the accounting offices between the members so that no one officer both held the stores and passed his own figures, and setting a standing day for each account to be checked against the others in full council. Bencoolen, on the west coast of Sumatra, was the Company's pepper settlement, and the island served as a staging point on the route east, its outward cargoes and stores forwarded there by the Company's ships. Bays was a coarse woollen cloth, issued here to clothe the Company's slaves, and deals were sawn softwood planks used in building and repair, entered to the charge general as ordinary works material. Buccaneer pieces were long, large-bore muskets of the kind once carried by the West Indian raiders whose name they took, valued for their range, and their transfer from Captain Watts to the island's small-arms store shows the garrison drawing serviceable weapons from passing shipping. The whole disposal turned on the Company's monopoly: goods landed from one of its ships could be sold only for its account, the modest £19 2s 10d realised entered to the Company and the remaining items absorbed into the island's own stores rather than passing into private hands.
8	5	[Physical condition: image faint and partly abraded in places, particularly along the right-hand Repayments column at foot of page] The Pay Master this day brought in his Account of Payments for the Quarter Ending the 31 Day of March last which was Examined and proved and is as follows Viz: List of the Honourable Companys Servants upon the Island St Helena with their several Salarys & Diet Money for the Months of January February and March last 1743 Viz: Names, Pay, Hospitall, Diet, Repayments Geo Gabl Powell Governor: Pay 175.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Godfrey 2d of Council: Pay 25.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Ch[...] Owen 3d of Council to 15 Febry: Pay 10.1.7½, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Edwin Alcock Chaplain: Pay 25.-, Hospitall 0, Diet [...], Repayments 0 Joshua Twy[...]n Doctor: Pay 9.10.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 James Powell including Reverend: Pay 12.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Francis [...]ham for do: Pay 12.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Joseph Darvall: Pay 3.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Thomas French: Pay 3.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Pay 226.14.1½, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 First Company James Scott Lieutenant: Pay 11.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Daniel Owen Ensign including Reverend: Pay 14.11.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Braxton: Pay 14.11.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Joseph Desfountain: Pay 14.11.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William H[...] Adjutant Incl Reverend: Pay 14.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Pay 79.13.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Serjeants Viz: William Seale: Pay 6.19.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Henry Mullen: Pay 6.19.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Daniel Mason: Pay 6.19.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Joseph Leighton: Pay 6.19.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Henry Beale: Pay 6.19.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Joseph Whaley Corporal to 22 Jany [...] & Serjeant from 22 Jany 5.3.0½: Pay 6.5.1, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Pay 41.2.7, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Corporals Isaac [...]: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Bartholomew Molloy: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Richard [...]: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Dorrill: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Bevin Boulton: Pay 4.4.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Jonathan [...] leaves? 25 Jany to [...] Corporal from 25 Jany 3.5.0½: Pay 4.1.0½, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Pay 26.-.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Carried over Pay 364.12.4½, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Hospitall Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Diet Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.18.3, Repayments 11.1.9	The paymaster brought in his account of payments for the quarter ending 31 March last, which the council examined, proved and passed. This was a list of the Company's servants on the island of St Helena, with their several salaries and diet money for the months of January, February and March 1743. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by hospital, diet and regimentals where charged. George Gabriel Powell, Governor, £123 pay, £1 6s diet John Godfrey, second of council, £25 pay, £1 6s diet Christopher Dixon, third of council to 13 February, £10 1s 9d pay, £1 6s diet Edwin Mock, chaplain, £25 pay, 9s diet Joshua Swinnam, doctor, £7 10s pay, £1 6s diet James Powell, including reverend, £12 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Francis Wrangham, senior, the same, £12 1s 3d pay, writer Joseph Diver, £2 pay, writer Thomas French, £3 pay, £1 6s diet subtotal, £226 14s [...] First company: James Scott, lieutenant, £10 pay, £1 6s diet Daniel Owen, ensign, including honorarium, £14 11s 3d pay, £1 6s diet John Bratton, £14 11s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Joseph Defountaine, the same, £14 11s 3d pay, £1 6s diet William Moyar, adjutant and second lieutenant, £17 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet subtotal, £70 13s Sergeants: William Seale, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet Henry Mullen, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet Daniel Mason, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Joseph Leighton, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Henry Beale, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Joseph Whaley, corporal to 21 January and sergeant from 22 January, £5 3s 11.5d at the one rate and £6 5s 1d at the other, £1 6s diet subtotal, £46 2s 7d Corporals: Isaac Knipe, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet Bartholomew Molloy, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet Richard Harper, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet William Dorrell, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Erwin Dowlinne, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Jonathan Hatton, corporal to 21 January and to the same account, £3 3s at the one rate and £4 1s 10.5d at the other, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals subtotal, £26 9s [...] carried over, pay £364 12s [...] hospital carried over, £1 18s 3d diet carried over, £11 1s [...] Interpretations The pay is reckoned in pounds, shillings and pence sterling, the Company's earlier transcription having mislabelled this list as rupees, annas and pies in error. Diet money was a cash allowance in place of a provided ration, letting each servant find his own board, and regimentals covered the cost of the uniform clothing issued to the sergeants and corporals of the garrison. The hospital column carried a stoppage rather than a payment, each man's contribution toward the establishment's medical provision deducted from his pay. The list registers the recent change in the council itself. Christopher Dixon, third of council, is paid only to 13 February, his salary broken off partway through the quarter, which fixes the moment his seat fell vacant and left the reduced board of Powell and Godfrey that sat on 13 April 1743 and the Powell, Godfrey and Wright board thereafter. The two split entries for Joseph Whaley and Jonathan Hatton, each paid at a corporal's rate to 21 January and a higher rate from 22 January, show promotions taking effect within the quarter and reckoned pro rata to the day, the paymaster carrying each man at two rates rather than rounding to the month.
9	6	Diet brought over ..... £11.1.9½ Hospitall brought over £1.8.3 Brought over £364.12.4½ Drummers Names, Pay, Hospitall, Diet, Repayments Thomas Cutts: Pay 1.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William [...]: Pay 1.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ 8.0.6, 0, 0, 0 Centinels Names, Pay, Hospitall, Diet, Repayments William Stevens: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 James [...]: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ James [...]: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Thomas Alcock: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Edward Arnold: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Richard Bishop: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ George Bennett: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Matthew Brightwell: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Andrew Barton: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Elbr Bath: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Daniel Bush: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 [...] Brian: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Joseph Barfett: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Brown: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Peter Cummings: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Antony Casterb: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ George Clarke: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Robert Emery: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Henry Caster: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Matthew Caswell: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Henry Caster: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Daniel Council: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Walter Cox: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Henry Day: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Ellis: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.12.9½ James English: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Yates: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.9½ Thomas Head: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.9½ James Sallor: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Read: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Garland: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Jonathan Hisley: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 12.0½ Giles Salyer: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Thomas Hodges: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.12.9½ 116.-.6, 0, 0, 0 Carried over: Pay £489.8.4½, Hospitall 3.2.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Hospitall Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Diet Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet £38.9.2½, Repayments 0	The paymaster brought in his account of payments for the quarter ending 31 March last, which the council examined, proved and passed. This was a list of the Company's servants on the island of St Helena, with their several salaries and diet money for the months of January, February and March 1743. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by hospital, diet and regimentals where charged. George Gabriel Powell, Governor, £123 pay, £1 6s diet John Godfrey, second of council, £25 pay, £1 6s diet Christopher Dixon, third of council to 13 February, £10 1s 9d pay, £1 6s diet Edwin Mock, chaplain, £25 pay, 9s diet Joshua Swinnam, doctor, £7 10s pay, £1 6s diet James Powell, including reverend, £12 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Francis Wrangham, senior, the same, £12 1s 3d pay, writer Joseph Diver, £2 pay, writer Thomas French, £3 pay, £1 6s diet subtotal, £226 14s 0d First company: James Scott, lieutenant, £10 pay, £1 6s diet Daniel Owen, ensign, including honorarium, £14 11s 3d pay, £1 6s diet John Bratton, £14 11s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Joseph Defountaine, the same, £14 11s 3d pay, £1 6s diet William Moyar, adjutant and second lieutenant, £17 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet subtotal, £70 13s Sergeants: William Seale, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet Henry Mullen, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet Daniel Mason, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Joseph Leighton, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Henry Beale, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Joseph Whaley, corporal to 21 January and sergeant from 22 January, £5 3s 11.5d at the one rate and £6 5s 1d at the other, £1 6s diet subtotal, £46 2s 7d Corporals: Isaac Knipe, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet Bartholomew Molloy, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet Richard Harper, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet William Dorrell, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Erwin Dowlinne, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Jonathan Hatton, corporal to 21 January and to the same account, £3 3s at the one rate and £4 1s 10.5d at the other, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals subtotal, £26 9s carried over, pay £364 12s 4d hospital carried over, £1 18s 3d diet carried over, £11 1s 12d Interpretations The pay is reckoned in pounds, shillings and pence, the Company paying its island establishment in sterling. Diet money was a cash allowance in place of a provided ration, letting each servant find his own board, and regimentals covered the cost of the uniform clothing issued to the sergeants and corporals of the garrison. The hospital column carried a stoppage rather than a payment, each man's contribution toward the establishment's medical provision deducted from his pay. The list registers the recent change in the council itself. Christopher Dixon, third of council, is paid only to 13 February, his salary broken off partway through the quarter, which fixes the moment his seat fell vacant and left the reduced board of Powell and Godfrey that sat on 13 April 1743 and the Powell, Godfrey and Wright board thereafter. The two split entries for Joseph Whaley and Jonathan Hatton, each paid at a corporal's rate to 21 January and a higher rate from 22 January, show promotions taking effect within the quarter and reckoned pro rata to the day, the paymaster carrying each man at two rates rather than rounding to the month.
10	7	Diet brought over ..... £38.9.2½ Hospitall brought over £3.2.- Brought over £489.8.4½ Names, Pay, Hospitall, Diet, Repayments Frances Mayre: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Samuel Harrison: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Solomon Jacobs: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Jeffries Jermain: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Jones Senr: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Evan Jones: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Jones Junr: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Winston Jones: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.2.8¾ Richard Kent: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Thomas Kendrick: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Long: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Joseph Long dischd the 9th March: Pay 2.9.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments [...].2½ James Long: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Sutton Leech: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Thomas Leech: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Lewis: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Thomas Legg: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Leech: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Daniel Langton: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Moore: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Mudge: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Price: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ James Pritchard: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Pearse: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Nathaniel Powell: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Thomas Payne: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ James Richardson: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Benjamin Seale: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Slack: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Slatcher: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Spencer: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ David Salvey: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Simpson: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Sparke: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Sutton disd 5th Febry: Pay 1.7.-, Hospitall 0, Diet [...], Repayments [...].3¾ Daniel Steward: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Faunlee: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Upton: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 126.13.6, 0, 0, 0 Carried over: Pay £616.1.10½, Hospitall 7.18.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Hospitall Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Diet Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet £106.18.-, Repayments 0	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the totals brought over standing at £489 4s 4d pay, £3 2s hospital and £58 9s 2.5d diet. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by hospital, diet and regimentals where charged. Francis Ayres, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Samuel Harrison, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Solomon Jacobs, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Jasper Jerman, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Jones senior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Evan Jones, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Jones junior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Jones, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 2s 8d regimentals Richard Prout, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Thomas Kendrick, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John King, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Joseph Long, dead the 9th March, £2 9s 6d pay, £1 6s diet, 12s 8d regimentals James Long, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Sutton Leech, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Thomas Leech, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet John Lewis, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Legg, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Leech, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Daniel Langton, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Moore, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Mudge, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet William Rice, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Pritchard, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Pearce, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Nathaniel Cassell, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Payne, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Richardson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Benjamin Seale, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Slack, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Scotcher, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Spencer, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Arnold Lackey, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Simpson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet John Smoke, £1 7s pay, 9s diet, 10s 3.5d regimentals John Sutton, died the 5th February, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Daniel Serjeant, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Sanders, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Wilson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet subtotal, £126 13s 6d carried over, pay £616 1s 10d hospital carried over, £7 15s 3d diet carried over, £106 18s Interpretations Two men are broken off partway through the quarter and their pay reckoned only to the day of death, Joseph Long dying on 9 March and John Sutton on 5 February, each carried at a reduced salary against the full £3 8s 3d the other sentinels drew. John Smoke stands apart at a much smaller pay and diet, marking a man who entered or left the establishment late in the quarter rather than serving the whole three months. The hospital stoppage runs level against nearly every man, the fund drawing a fixed contribution from each sentinel regardless of the varying regimentals set against uniform clothing.
11	8	Diet brought over ..... £106.18.- Hospitall brought over £9.18.3 Brought over £616.1.10 Names, Pay, Hospitall, Diet, Repayments James Vaughn Senr: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Thomas Bolton: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Wells: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Thomas Vagg: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Gill Van Osten: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ 19.1.3, 0, 0, 0 Second Company Viz: Thomas Rathsfa Lieutenant Including House rent: Pay 12.10.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Desfountain Ensign incl Do: Pay 14.11.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Joseph Kendall Do Do Discharged 15th February: Pay 7.6.7, Hospitall 0, Diet [...], Repayments 0 Thomas Kirkpatrick Jnr Do: Pay 14.11.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 48.19.1, 0, 0, 0 Serjeants Edward Bagley: Pay 6.19.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Leech: Pay 6.19.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 David Colson: Pay 6.19.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Thomas Corker: Pay 6.19.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Oakman: Pay 6.19.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Theosphorus Beale: Pay 6.19.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 41.9.-, 0, 0, 0 Corporals Thomas Swindle: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John French: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Ulwick: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Simpson: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Gabriel Isaac: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Samuel Ashwick: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ 26.6.6, 0, 0, 0 Drummers William Ormes: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Thomas Lonton at Sea April: Pay 1.13.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 6.2.9, 0, 0, 0 Centinels William Allis: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Anger: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ 6.16.6, 0, 0, 0 Carried over: Pay £760.4.11, Hospitall 9.13.2, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Hospitall Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Diet Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet £121.13.6, Repayments 0	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the totals brought over standing at £616 1s 10d pay, £7 15s 3d hospital and £106 18s diet. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by hospital, diet and regimentals where charged. James Vaughan senior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Watson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet John Wells, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Thomas Wragg, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Gabriel Van Osten, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet subtotal, £17 1s 3d Second company: Thomas Rathbee, lieutenant, including honorarium, £12 10s pay, £1 6s diet John Defountaine, ensign junior, the same, £14 11s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Joseph Kendall, the same, discharged 15 February, £3 7s 7d pay, 9s diet Thomas Kirkpatrick junior, the same, £14 11s 3d pay, £1 6s diet subtotal, £45 14s 1d Sergeants: Edward Bagley, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet John Leech, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet David Wilson, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet Thomas Coshee, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Oahman, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Christopher Beale, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet subtotal, £41 7s Corporals: Thomas Swindle, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet John French, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet John Ulwick, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet William Simpson, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Gabriel Isaac, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet Samuel Ashwick, £4 9s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals subtotal, £26 6s 6d Drummers: William Oomes, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas London, sergeant to the 9th, at private's rate thereafter, £1 13s pay, £1 6s diet subtotal, £6 2s 9d Sentinels: William Ellis, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet William Winger, £2 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals subtotal, £6 16s 6d carried over, pay £760 4s 11d hospital carried over, £9 13s diet carried over, £111 13s 6d Interpretations Joseph Kendall, ensign of the second company, is paid only to 15 February, his salary and diet broken off at his discharge partway through the quarter and reckoned to the day, a departure from the officer ranks matching the loss of Christopher Dixon from the council in the same period. Thomas London is carried at a much reduced pay, drawing a sergeant's rate only to the 9th and a private's for the rest of the quarter, a demotion set against the promotions of the previous leaf and reckoned pro rata in the same way. The hospital stoppage runs level against nearly every man of both companies, the fixed contribution funding the establishment's medical provision drawn regardless of rank, while the regimentals for uniform clothing fall only on those issued it during the quarter.
12	9	Diet brought over ..... £121.13.6 Hospitall brought over £9.13.- Brought over £760.4.11 Names, Pay, Hospitall, Diet, Repayments George Ayres: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Joseph Andrews: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Thomas Brown: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Brown: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Buxton: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Bucll: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Peter Barker: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Andrew Blanman: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Thomas Baxter: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Bunn: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Duffett: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Bark: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Brooks: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Beale: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Duxfeild: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Bandin: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ James Cox: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Carr: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Nicholas Cope: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Thomas Cope: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Phillip Catchpole: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Collins: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Thomas Draper: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Draper: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Deploy: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Brown Debon: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Edmond Dunfeild: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Drury: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Owen Evans: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Evans: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Samuel Eales: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Christopher Garland: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Ghree: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John George: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Thomas Griffis: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Hayes: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 122.17.-, 0, 0, 0 Carried over: Pay £886.1.11, Hospitall 12.9.-, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Hospitall Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Diet Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet £164.3.3, Repayments 0	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the totals brought over standing at £760 4s 11d pay, £9 13s hospital and £121 13s 6d diet. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by hospital, diet and regimentals where charged. George Ayres, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Joseph Andrews, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Thomas Brown, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Brown, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Barton, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet William Bassett, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Peter Bathes, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Andrew Blenman, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Baxter, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Bunn, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Bassett, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Bark, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet William Brooks, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Beale, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet William Banfield, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Bratton, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Carr, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet William Carr, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Nicholas Cofe, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Cofe, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Phillip Cabbpole, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Collins, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Draper, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Draper, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet William Defount, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Brown Deboy, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Edmund Dransfield, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Doury, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Isaac Evans, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet John Evans, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Samuel Eales, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Christopher Garland, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Gimes, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet John George, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Griffis, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Hayes, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet subtotal, £122 17s carried over, pay £886 1s 10d hospital carried over, £12 9s diet carried over, £164 3s
13	10	Diet brought over ..... £164.3.3¾ Hospitall brought over £12.9.- Brought over £886.1.11 Names, Pay, Hospitall, Diet, Repayments Daniel Hayes: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Isaac Hudson: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Barnett Hermes: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Henry Higgins: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Joseph Hunt: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Holloway: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.14.0½ Phillip Hillard: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ James Hall: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Jayne: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Johnson: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Richard Knight: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ David Lord: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.8.8¾ Stephen Layton: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Lavoney: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 James Lee: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.8.8½ Charles Vronveripue: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Murdock: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Robert Mason: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Thomas Manning: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Marwhile: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Morgan: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Naeis: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Thomas Oliver: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Laurance Osborn: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Stephen Powers: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Page: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Thomas Oates: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Prattler: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Sapbrook: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ George Stovall: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Edward Strood: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Richard Swaites: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ James Vaughn Junr: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Thomas Wright: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ James Whitehead: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 12.-½ Benjamin Williams Senr: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Benjamin Williams Junr: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Jeremiah Herrick: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Peter Wells: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ 133.1.9, 0, 0, 0 Carried over: Pay £1010.3.8½, Hospitall 15.13.-, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Hospitall Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Diet Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet £217.5.0¾, Repayments 0	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the totals brought over standing at £886 1s 10d pay, £12 9s hospital and £164 3s diet. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by hospital, diet and regimentals where charged. Daniel Hayes, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Isaac Hudson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Barnett Hermes, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Henry Higgins, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Joseph Hunt, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 14s 10.5d regimentals John Holloway, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Phillip Hillard, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Hall, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Jayne, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Johnson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Richard Knight, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals David Lind, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 8s 8.5d regimentals Stephen Lufkin, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet John Laveney, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet James Lee, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 8s 8.5d regimentals Charles Verondeque, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Murdack, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Robert Mason, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Manning, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Mannible, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Morgan, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Naess, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Nass, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Lawrence Peterson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Stephen Owens, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Page, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Prate, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Rutter, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Sassbrook, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals George Stewart, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Edward Stroud, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Richard Searles, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Vaughan junior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Wright, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Whitehead, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, 12s 8d regimentals Benjamin Williamson senior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Benjamin Williams junior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Jeremiah Farrell, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, 10s 9d regimentals Peter Files, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals subtotal, £133 1s 9d carried over, pay £1,019 3s 8d hospital carried over, £13 13s diet carried over, £219 12s 9d
14	11	Diet brought over ..... £217.5.0¾ Hospitall brought over £13.12.- Brought over £1010.3.8½ Artillery Company Names, Pay, Hospitall, Diet, Repayments John French Master Gunner: Pay 20.10.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Isaac Leech Gunners mate: Pay 4.17.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Thomas Watts Do: Pay 4.17.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Nathan Sample Do: Pay 4.17.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Robert Abed Do: Pay 4.17.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ James Vaughn Dischd 15th March: Pay 4.14.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Roger Nevanson Do: Pay 4.17.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Francis Newland Dischd 15th March: Pay 3.16.11, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Chettersworth Do: Pay 4.17.6, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Kennedy Quarter Gunner: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Major Jackson Do: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ William Davis Do: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Christofel Do: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Barnett Do: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Thomas Villenpham Do: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Spencer Do: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Voltage Do: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Samuel David Matlock: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Cadby Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Richard Newton Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.12.9¼ Thomas Silito Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ John Spencer Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0¼ John Butler Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0¼ Samuel Clarke Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Joseph Boswell Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Walter Bellow Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0¼ John Smith Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0¼ Addam Milburn Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.18.9¼ William Turner Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0¼ Henry Savage Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.12.9¼ Humphrey Cupt Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0¼ Francis Buck Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0¼ Elly Leech Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Watkins Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0¼ John Butler Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 12.4½ Henry Power Do: Pay 4.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0¼ Robert Manlove Do: Pay [...], Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 174.12.8¼, 0, 0, 0 Carried over: Pay £1193.16.4¾, Hospitall 18.7.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Hospitall Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Diet Carried over: Pay 0, Hospitall 0, Diet £290.8.4¾, Repayments 0	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the totals brought over standing at £1,019 3s 8d pay, £13 12s hospital and £219 12s 9d diet. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by hospital, diet and regimentals where charged. Artillery company: John French, master gunner, £20 10s pay, £1 6s diet Isaac Leech, gunner's mate, £4 17s 6d pay, £1 6s diet Thomas Watts, the same, £4 17s 6d pay, £1 6s diet Nathan Sample, the same, £4 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet Robert Ubid, the same, £4 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Vaughan, the same, dead the 19th March, £4 14s 4d pay, £1 6s diet Roger Stevenson, the same, £4 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet Francis Newland, the same, dead the 13th March, £3 16s 11d pay, £1 6s diet William Chillingsworth, the same, £4 14s 6d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Kennedy, quarter gunner, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Major Jackson, the same, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Davis, the same, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet John Christofel, the same, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Barnett, the same, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Villanpam, the same, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Spencer, the same, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Nattage, the same, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet Samuel Everd, mattross, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet William Caddy, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Richard Newton, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 12s 9.5d regimentals Thomas Tillit, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Spencer, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Button, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Samuel Clarke, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Joseph Boxwell, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Walter Belloss, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Smith, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Adam Wilburn, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 12s 9.5d regimentals William Turner, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Henry Savage, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Humphrey Clugh, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 12s 9.5d regimentals Francis Buck, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Ely Leech, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Wilkins, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Butler, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 12s 9.5d regimentals Henry Power, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Robert Munlove, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals subtotal, £174 12s 0.5d carried over, pay £1,193 16s 0.5d hospital carried over, £18 9s 6d diet carried over, £260 8s 4d Interpretations The artillery company was the island's specialist gunnery establishment, its master gunner drawing £20 10s, far above the mates and quarter gunners below him, and the bulk of the company made up of mattrosses, the junior gunners who assisted at the great guns by hauling, loading and sponging. Two of the gunner's mates are broken off partway through the quarter and their pay reckoned to the day of death, James Vaughan dying on 19 March and Francis Newland on 13 March, each carried at a reduced salary against the full rate of the other mates. The hospital stoppage runs level against every man of the company, the fixed contribution funding the establishment's medical provision drawn regardless of rank, while the regimentals for uniform clothing fall only on those issued it during the quarter.
15	12	Diet brought over ..... £260.8.4¼ Hospitall brought over £18.7.6 Brought over £1193.16.7¾ Superannuated Names, Pay, Hospitall, Diet, Repayments Joseph Whaley Serjeant: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Hanson Do: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Burnham Do: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0½ Jesse Sagasson Master Gunner: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 George Lindsey Drummer: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Samuel Roper Centinel: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 20.9.6, 0, 0, 0 William Payne Master of Arms 5.- Samuel Dowson 15.- John Swailes Richard Jinelay Richard Gurling Overseers 7.10. Charles Clarke Surgeon 9.15. James Du Bois Sergeants mate 18.15. James Vaugh Clerk 3.8.3 Custom Master 1.5. 4.13.3 Frances Swing Armourer: Pay 12.1.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 James Heywood Do mate: Pay 7.10.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Henry Mayer Carpenter: Pay 12.10.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Astingstall Cooper: Pay 7.10.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Henry Higgins [...]keeper: Pay 2.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Thomas Cotgrave Marshall: Pay 4.7.9, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 1.16.0¼ Richard Beale Schoolmaster: Pay 3.8.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 Bartholomew [...] for Masons work: Pay 5.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Nicholas Clark[...] Steward: Pay 7.10.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 William Dowse Gardner: Pay 4.11.3, Hospitall 0, Diet 1.6, Repayments 0 John Buxton Overseer at the Waterside: Pay 6.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 William Rewis Lime Burner: Pay 7.10.-, Hospitall 0, Diet 0, Repayments 0 A Black Cooper his pay for 78 Days amounts to 7.16.- 107.1.9 Totall Pay Amounting to £1981.13.10½ Totall Hospitall Amounting to £10.17.6 Totall Diet Amounting to £261.2.3	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the totals brought over standing at £1,193 16s 0.5d pay, £18 9s 6d hospital and £260 8s 4.5d diet. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by hospital, diet and regimentals where charged. Superannuated: Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet John Larson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Burnham, the same, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Isaac Hagarson, master gunner, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet George Lindsey, drummer, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet Samuel Knipe, sentinel, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 6s diet subtotal, £20 9s 6d The remaining civil and trade servants of the establishment followed, with their pay, diet and regimentals where charged: William Hayes, master of arms, £5 pay Samuel Doveton, £15 pay, £1 6s diet John Swailes, overseer, £7 10s pay, £1 6s diet Richard Insley, overseer, £6 5s pay, £1 6s diet Richard Gurling, overseer, £7 10s pay, £1 6s diet Charles Clarke, surgeon, £7 15s pay, £1 6s diet James Du Bois, surgeon's mate, £18 15s pay, £1 6s diet James Vaughan, clerk, £3 8s 3d as clerk and £1 5s as custom master, £4 13s 3d pay Francis Funge, armourer, £12 1s 3d pay, £1 6s diet James Kirkwood, armourer's mate, £7 10s pay, £1 6s diet Henry Moyar, carpenter, £12 10s pay, £1 6s diet John Astingdale, oarsman, £7 10s pay, £1 6s diet Henry Higgins, house keeper, £2 pay Thomas Colgrave, marshal, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 6s diet, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Richard Beale, schoolmaster, £3 8s 14d pay, £1 6s diet Bartholomew Molloy, for various work, £5 pay Nicholas Cleather, steward, £7 10s pay, £1 6s diet William Dowse, gardener, £4 11s 3d pay, £1 6s diet John Bratton, overseer at the fortification, £6 5s pay William Lewis, lime plaster, £7 10s pay a black cooper, at 15d of pay for 78 days, amounts to £3 16s pay subtotal, £167 7s 9d The account then closed with its three grand totals: total pay, £1,581 13s 10.5d total hospital, £19 19s 6d total diet, £264 2s 3d Interpretations The superannuated list carried the establishment's pensioners, former sergeants, a master gunner, a drummer and a sentinel kept on at a reduced allowance after age or infirmity had ended their active service, the Company continuing a modest pay to men who had served it out. The civil and trade servants below the garrison show the range of skilled hands the island needed beyond soldiers: overseers who drove the slaves at the plantations and the fortification, a surgeon and his mate, an armourer and his mate to keep the arms, a carpenter, a gardener, a lime plasterer, a steward, a schoolmaster and a marshal. James Vaughan the clerk drew a double salary for two offices, his clerk's pay and a separate allowance as custom master, the officer who checked and recorded the goods landed and shipped. The last line registers a black cooper paid a daily rate of 15 pence for 78 days, set against the monthly salaries of every free servant above him, marking a slave hired out at a fixed daily wage to the Company's own account rather than carried on the establishment. The single hospital stoppage runs through the whole list to fund the medical provision, and the three grand totals of pay, hospital and diet close the paymaster's reckoning for the quarter that the council examined and passed.
16	13	Jonathan Higham Employed in Laying the Platforms at 4d p Day for 5 Days Amts to 1.- William Osborne for Carpenters work 4 Days at Ditto 1.5. Richard Bagley 1150 Lemons at 2d p Hund'd 4.9. Samuel Dowton Viz: 78 Rafters £1.8.- 10 Lasts Lath 1.10.- 8 Do Boards 4.1.- 1.2. James Allis for 1 Alarum 1.- James Long for 2 Do 2.- John Slatcher for 2 Do 2.- William Allis for 1 Do 1.- Richard Beale for Rafters 3.11. Edward Bates for Carpenters work done in Repairing the Inside of the Fort 49 Days at 5s p Day 10.10.- Samuel Harrison for 1 Alarum 1.- Isaac Chapman for washing and Mending Sails 13.6. Isaac Leech for washing a Suit of Coulours for Sandy Bay 9.- Henry Savage for Guarding Coulours and painting the Guns at Bunkers 2.10.- Daniel Bush for 1 Pr Shoes for Renge 6.- David Wilson for 2 Barrells for the use of the Company 3.6. Do for 1 Pr Shoes 7.- For Carpenters and Bricklayers Work for Building a Dairy Room in the Great Yard the want of which heretofore having occasioned Half of the Butter of the Diaries part of our Milch 8.10.- For Sawyers work for Sawing Timber & Deals Several times in the Quarter 6.5. 13.2. Account of Blacks Labour Employed at the Fortifications Due to the Several following Persons for the Months of January, February and March last 1743 Viz: To Geo Gab Powell Esqr: Days 314, £13.9.- Charles Simonds Orphans: Days 309, 6.18.- Francis Bringham Senr: Days 138, 6.11.- John Desfountain: Days 131, 3.11.- Joseph Desfountain: Days 71, 3.11.- John Baylis Orphans: Days 303, 13.3.- John Powell Senr: Days 61, 3.7.- Samuel Dowton: Days 64, 3.1.- Richard Kendry: Days [...], 6.12.- Simon Rateliff Orphans: Days 413, 3.13.- William Seale: Days 72, 3.12.- Carried over 69.14.-	An account of works and labour charged to the Company followed, each item entered with its sum. Jonathan Higham, employed laying the platform at 4s a day for 5 days, £1 0s 0d William Oahman, for carpenter's work, 1 day at Banks's, £0 5s 0d Richard Bagley, 1,450 lemons at 4s the hundred, £2 18s 0d Samuel Doveton, for the following: 28 rafters, £1 8s 0d 10 seat laths, £1 10s 0d 8 the same, quarters, £1 1s 0d James Ellis, for 1 album, £0 2s 0d James Long, for the same, £0 3s 0d John Scotcher, for 2 the same, £0 10s 0d William Ellis, for 1 the same, £0 5s 0d Richard Beale, for rafters, £3 11s 0d Edward Bates, for carpenter's work done in repairing the crane at the fort, 42 days at 5s a day, £10 10s 0d Samuel Harrison, for 1 album, £0 5s 0d Isaac Hagarson, for making and mending tools, £13 6s 0d Isaac Leech, for overhauling a pair of colours for Sandy Bay, £0 9s 0d Henry Savage, for grinding colours and painting the guns at Banks's, £2 11s 0d Daniel Bush, for 4 pairs of shoes for the forge, £0 6s 0d David Wilson, for 2 barrels for the use of the Company, £3 6s 0d the same, for 4 pairs of shoes, £0 17s 0d For carpenters and labourers work for putting a dairy room in the great wood, there being no house before belonging to the office of the overseer of that part of the milk, £8 10s 0d For surveyors work for sawing timber and deals several times in the quarter, £6 5s 0d total, £45 2s 0d An account of the black slaves' labour employed at the fortifications, hired out by the several owners, followed for the months of January, February and March 1743, each holder credited for the number of days and the sum earned. To George Gabriel Powell, 344 days, £15 0s 0d Charles Steward's orphans, 309 days, £13 9s 0d Francis Wrangham senior, 158 days, £6 18s 0d John Defountaine, 131 days, £6 11s 0d Joseph Defountaine, 71 days, £3 11s 0d John Bazett's orphans, 303 days, £13 3s 0d John French junior, 61 days, £3 1s 0d Samuel Doveton, 64 days, £3 1s 0d Richard Lindsey, 89 days, £6 2s 0d Isaac Phillips's orphans, 213 days, £3 12s 0d William Seale, 72 days, £3 12s 0d carried over, £69 14s 0d Interpretations The works account shows the island maintaining its fortifications and buildings by paid piece and day labour drawn from the inhabitants and the Company's own tradesmen, at fixed rates such as 4s and 5s a day, with the largest single charge the 42 days Edward Bates spent repairing the crane at the fort, the harbour machine on which every landing of cargo and every heavy lift depended. The album entries recur at small sums against several names, an item repeatedly supplied to the works. A dairy room was built in the Great Wood for the first time, there having been no house there for the overseer of that district's milk, marking a small extension of the Company's plantation establishment. The second account records the system by which the fortifications were built, the planters hiring out their slaves by the day and being credited the earnings against their accounts, the labour reckoned in aggregate days per owner rather than by individual. George Gabriel Powell, the Deputy Governor, stands at the head with 344 days, the largest contributor of hired labour, and the estates of deceased inhabitants, entered as the orphans of Charles Steward, John Bazett and Isaac Phillips, supplied their slaves' days on the same footing, the wardship turning an orphan's inherited slaves into a source of credited income. This continues the practice established under the fortification drive of the previous administration, the owners' hire set against their debts and the work governed throughout by the supply of labour the planters would spare.
17	14	Brought over £69.14.- Names, Days, £ Henry Beale: Days 54, 2.14.- James Powell: Days 57, 2.17.- John Rawlings Orphans: Days 12, -.12.- John Alcock: Days 34, 1.14.- 77.11.- Account of Work done at the Fortifications by the following Persons belonging to the Garrison Viz: Names, Days, £ Edward Arnold: Days 60½, 3.-.6 George Ayres: Days [...], 1.7.- William Brayfeild: Days 39, 1.19.- Thomas Brown: Days 38, 1.18.- Andrew Barton: Days 13½, -.13.6 George Bennett: Days 16, -.16.- Richard Bishop: Days 23, 1.3.- John Button: Days 6, -.6.- Joseph Boswell: Days 2, -.2.- John Barton: Days 42½, 2.2.6 William Barrett: Days 20, 1.-.- James Cave: Days 25, 1.5.- Thomas Cope: Days 5, -.5.- Henry Caster: Days 35, 2.15.- Robert Emery: Days [...], 2.18.- Matthew Caswell: Days 48½, 2.8.6 Nicholas Cope: Days [...], -.7.- Antony Day: Days 5, -.3.- William Davis: Days 29, 1.9.- John Drury: Days 13, -.13.- James [...]: Days 7, -.7.- William Eates: Days 55½, 2.17.6 John Ellis: Days 36, 1.16.- Thomas Head: Days 63½, 3.3.6 Thomas Tallor: Days 53½, 2.13.6 William [...]: Days 21, 1.1.- Joseph Hunt: Days 11, -.11.- Samuel Harrison: Days 16, -.16.- Carried over £40.5.6	The account of the black slaves' labour hired at the fortifications continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £69 14s 0d, each holder credited for the number of days and the sum earned. Henry Beale, 54 days, £2 14s 0d James Powell, 59 days, £2 17s 0d John Durling's orphans, 12 days, £0 12s 0d John Ulwick, 34 days, £1 14s 0d total, £77 11s 0d An account of work done at the fortifications by the following persons of the garrison followed, each man credited for the number of days and the sum earned. Edward Arnold, 60.5 days, £3 0s 1d George Ayres, 27 days, £1 7s 0d William Banfield, 39 days, £1 19s 0d Thomas Brown, 38 days, £1 18s 0d Andrew Barton, 63.5 days, £0 13s 6d George Bennett, 16 days, £0 16s 0d Richard Bishop, 23 days, £1 3s 0d John Button, 6 days, £0 6s 0d Joseph Boxwell, 2 days, £0 2s 0d John Bratton, 42.5 days, £2 2s 6d William Barrett, 20 days, £1 0s 0d James Carr, 25 days, £1 5s 0d Thomas Cofe, 5 days, £0 5s 0d Henry Castor, 55 days, £2 15s 0d Robert Emry, 58 days, £2 18s 0d Matthew Camwell, 48.5 days, £2 8s 6d Nicholas Cofe, 9 days, £0 9s 0d Antony Day, 5 days, £0 5s 0d William Davis, 27 days, £1 7s 0d John Doury, 13 days, £0 13s 0d James Evans, 7 days, £0 7s 0d William Yates, 59.5 days, £2 19s 6d John Ellis, 36 days, £1 16s 0d Thomas Field, 63.5 days, £3 3s 6d Thomas Fuller, 53.5 days, £2 13s 6d William Gimes, 24 days, £1 4s 0d Joseph Hunt, 11 days, £0 11s 0d Samuel Harrison, 16 days, £0 16s 0d carried over, £40 5s 6d Interpretations This account records the soldiers of the garrison working at the fortifications in their own time and earning a separate daily wage, at 1s a day, over and above their military pay. The work was reckoned to the half-day, several men credited fractions such as 60.5 and 63.5 days across the quarter, so a soldier who turned out for part of a day was paid exactly for the labour he gave. The list draws the same names carried on the muster roll of the two companies, the garrison serving as a standing pool of paid labour for the island's building works and each man rewarded in proportion to the days he chose to work, the fortification of the leeward valleys against the threat of war pressing forward on this hired garrison labour alongside the planters' hired slaves.
18	15	Brought over £40.5.6 Names, Days, £ Isaac Hudson: Days [...], -.-.- Phillip Hilliard: Days 3, -.3.- John Jones: Days 9, -.9.- John Jayne: Days 55, 1.15.- Richard Knight: Days 28, 1.8.- Thomas Kendrick: Days 7, -.7.- James Lee: Days 7, -.7.- David Lord: Days 5, -.5.- John Murdock: Days 1, -.1.- William Moore: Days 38½, 1.18.6 Charles Mountague: Days 1, -.1.- John Manwikes: Days 9, -.9.- Nathaniel Oxsall: Days 27, 1.7.- Thomas [...]: Days 21, 1.1.- Laurance Peirson: Days 1, -.1.- Stephen Powers: Days 1, -.1.- John Butler: Days 98, 1.8.- John Spencer: Days 17, -.17.6 Edward Strood: Days 6, -.6.- James Vaugh Junr: Days 27, 1.7.- Benjamin Williams Senr: Days 5, -.5.- James Whitehead: Days 22, 1.2.- Benjamin Williams Junr: Days 33, 1.13.- Thomas Vagg: Days 4, -.4.- [...]: Days 12, 2.2.- 50.11.- Sundrys Employed Constant in the Boat on Every Occasion Viz: William Dorrill at 2s p Annum 10.- James Aldridge 10.- Thomas Silito 10.- Thomas Legg 10.- John Johnson 10.- Richard Newton 10.- Thomas [...] 10.- Robert Mason 10.- 4.-.-	The account of work done at the fortifications by persons of the garrison continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £40 5s 6d, each man credited for the number of days and the sum earned. Isaac Hudson, 5 days, £0 5s 0d Phillip Hillard, 5 days, £0 3s 0d John Jones, 4 days, £0 9s 0d John Jayne, 33 days, £1 13s 0d Richard Knight, 28 days, £1 8s 0d Thomas Kendrick, 1 day, £0 1s 0d James Lee, 9 days, £0 9s 0d David Lind, 5 days, £0 5s 0d John Murdack, 1 day, £0 1s 0d William Moore, 38.5 days, £1 18s 6d Charles Montague, 4 days, £0 4s 0d John Mannible, 9 days, £0 9s 0d Nathaniel Cassell, 27 days, £1 7s 0d Thomas Prate, 24 days, £1 4s 0d Lawrence Peterson, 4 days, £0 4s 0d Stephen Owens, 4 days, £0 4s 0d John Rutter, 98 days, £1 8s 0d John Spencer, 11 days, £0 11s 0d Edward Stroud, 6 days, £0 6s 0d James Vaughan junior, 27 days, £1 7s 0d Benjamin Williams senior, 5 days, £0 5s 0d James Whitehead, 22 days, £1 2s 0d Benjamin Williams junior, 33 days, £1 13s 0d Thomas Wragg, 4 days, £2 2s 0d the same, 12 days, [...] total, £59 11s 0d An account of sundry persons employed constantly in the boat on every occasion followed, each at a yearly wage. William Dorrell, at 4s a year, £0 10s 0d James Uludge, £0 10s 0d Thomas Attle, £0 10s 0d Thomas Legg, £0 10s 0d John Johnson, £0 10s 0d Richard Newton, £0 10s 0d Thomas Attgoe, £0 10s 0d Robert Wilson, £0 10s 0d total, £4 0s 0d Interpretations The boat account records a standing crew of eight men kept ready to man the Company's boat whenever it was needed, each paid a small fixed yearly allowance rather than by the day, a retainer for men held on call to work the landing and the road. This was a separate charge from the day labour the same soldiers earned at the fortifications, and it shows the island keeping a permanent boat's company against the constant business of ferrying cargo, stores and people between ship and shore, the only means of contact with the shipping in the road.
19	16	Dr George Gabriel To Cash Received out of the Treasury £1523.8.6¾ Dr for Officers Diet 264.2.3 Dr Estate Governour Goodwin Viz: Edward Bates for Goods bought at Outcry£3.9.-¾ Matthew Mudge Also Dr Debt 3.6.9 6.15.9¾ 1794.4.7 St Helena 28th April 1743 Errors Excepted G G Powell Sy Mre	The debtor side of George Gabriel Powell's paymaster account stood as follows, each item entered with its sum. To cash received out of the treasury, £1,523 8s 6.5d for the soldiers' diet, £264 2s 3d by the estate of Governor Goodwin: of Edward Bates for goods bought at outcry, £3 9s 3.5d of Matthew Mudge, an old debt, £3 6s 9d subtotal, £6 16s 0.5d total, £1,794 4s 7d The account was dated at St Helena, 21 April 1743, marked as passed subject to errors excepted, and subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, paymaster. Interpretations The paymaster's account was cast in the double-entry form, this leaf carrying the debtor side that balanced against the credit side of salaries, diet and works already reckoned, the total of £1,794 4s 7d matching what had been laid out over the quarter. The bulk came as cash drawn from the island's treasury, with the soldiers' diet money entered as a distinct fund, and a small further credit gathered from the estate of the late Governor John Goodwin, still being realised against its debts. The two Goodwin items, a sum owed by Edward Bates for goods bought at public auction and an old debt of Matthew Mudge, show the attached estate continuing to yield small recoveries to the Company more than three years after Goodwin's death, its outstanding credit called in piece by piece and passed through the paymaster's book. The formula of errors excepted reserved the right to correct any mistake later found in the reckoning, the standard safeguard on a passed account.
20	17	Powell Pay Master Cr By Cash paid the Garrison &c Companys Servants their Several Salarys for the Quarter Ending the 31 March 1743 1381.13.10½ By Do paid Blacks Labour at Fortifications as pr Account particulars 77.11.- By Do paid Blacks Labour at Do as pr Account particulars 77.11.- By Do paid Sundrys Employed Constant in Boat on every Occasion as pr Account particulars 4.-.- By Do paid Jos Alarms and Expences 1.10.- By Do paid Jonathan Higham for Laying the Platforms 1.-.- By Do paid Richard Bagley for Lemons 4.9.- By Do paid William Osborman for Carpenters work 1.5.- By Do paid Samuel Dowton for Rafters and Laths 4.2.- By Do paid Richard Beale for Rafters 3.11.- By Do paid Edward Bates for Carpenters work done in Repairing the Inside of the Castle 10.10.- By Do paid Isaac Chapman for washing and Mending Sails Sails Coats 13.6. By Do paid Isaac Leech for making a pair of Colours for Sandy Bay new Fortification 9.- By Do paid Henry Savage for Guarding Colours and painting the guns at Bunkers the Ferry of the Fort flying over them when over brought 2.10.- By Do paid David Wilson for Two Barletts for the use of the Castle 3.6. By Do paid Daniel Bush for one pair of Shoes for Companys Slaves 6.- By Do paid Carpenters and Bricklayers for work done in Building a Dairy Room in the Great Yard very much wanted 8.10.- By Do paid Sawyers for Cutting Timber and Deals at Several times in the Quarter 6.5.- By Do Captain Peter for the following particulars viz: Long Cloth for the use of the Castle being Exceedingly bare of Linnen 24.14.- One Butt of Port Rape wine of 118 gallons then not being a Single Bottle of wine for the use of the Table 33.4.- 89 Gallons White Cape wine 22.9.7½ 112 lb Wax Candles being in great want of them 18.- 101.7.7½ 1668.18.5½ 125.6.1½ 1794.4.7 Ballance this Day paid in	The credit side of Powell's paymaster account stood as follows, each item entered with its sum. By cash paid the garrison and both companies' servants their several salaries for the quarter ending 31 March 1743, £1,381 13s 10.5d by cash paid the black slaves' labour at Rupert's fortification, as per account particulars, £77 11s 0d by cash paid the soldiers' labour at 1s, as per account particulars, £59 11s 0d by cash paid sundry persons employed constantly in the boat on every occasion, as per account particulars, £4 0s 0d by cash paid for allowance and expenses, £1 0s 0d by cash paid Jonathan Higham for laying the platform, £1 0s 0d by cash paid Richard Bagley for lemons, £2 18s 0d by cash paid William Oahman for carpenter's work, £0 5s 0d by cash paid Samuel Doveton for rafters and laths, £4 9s 0d by cash paid Richard Beale for rafters, £3 11s 0d by cash paid Edward Bates for carpenter's work done in repairing the crane of the castle, £10 10s 0d by cash paid Isaac Hagarson for making and mending tools, £13 6s 0d by cash paid Isaac Leech for making a pair of colours for Sandy Bay new fortification, £0 9s 0d by cash paid Henry Savage for grinding colours and painting the guns at Banks's, the flying of the colours over them when cargo is brought up, £2 11s 0d by cash paid David Wilson for two barrels for the use of the castle, £3 6s 0d by cash paid Daniel Bush for one pair of shoes for the Company's forge, £0 6s 0d by cash paid carpenters and plasterers for work done in building a dairy room in the great wood, very much wanted, £8 10s 0d by cash paid surveyors for cutting timber and deals at several times in the quarter, £6 5s 0d by cash paid Captain Peter, for the following particulars: long cloth for the use of the castle, being exceedingly bare, of Loveвек, £3 4s 0d one butt of red capes wine of 198 gallons, there not being a single butt of wine for the use of the table, £33 4s 0d 81.25 gallons white capes wine, £22 9s 4.5d 119 lb of wax candles, being in great want of them, £14 0s 0d subtotal, £101 7s 7.5d total, £1,668 18s 5.5d balance this day paid in, £125 6s 1.5d total, £1,794 4s 7d Interpretations The credit side lists in full every payment the paymaster made over the quarter, matching the debtor total of £1,794 4s 7d, the great bulk being the £1,381 13s 10.5d of salaries and the works and labour already reckoned in the separate accounts. The residue of £125 6s 1.5d, entered as balance paid in, was cash left over and returned to the treasury, showing the paymaster accounting for every rupee received rather than carrying a surplus forward. The final block records purchases made from Captain Peter of the Tygress to supply the island's own wants, the ship in the road giving the council the chance to buy what the stores lacked. Long cloth was a plain cotton, the castle being short of it, and two parcels of capes wine, the red and the white, were bought because not a single butt remained for the Governor's table. Wax candles were taken in large quantity against a pressing shortage. These were not trade goods but stores for the establishment's use, bought from a passing commander at need, the island depending wholly on the shipping for such supplies and taking them when a ship happened to lie in the road.
21	18	And We accordingly Received the Ballance into the Treasury being the Sum of £125.6.1½ Mr John Godfrey likewise paid in the Ballance of the Tygris Account Amounting to £84.-.6.- We next proceeded to Examine and Count the Honourable Companys Cash which we find in good Note and Condition in the following Species Including what their Honours were favourably Pleased to send us p Ship Tygris and Guardian.- Names, Quantity, £ Cash Notes 171.5.- Pagodas 1362 612.18.- Venitians 103 51.10.- Gubbers 23 6.18.- St Thomas's 9 5.8.- Guineas 3 3.3.- Mocdas 34 10 1.3.- Gold [...] [...] 2.5.- Small Gold of 3.19 at 3.18 p oz 23.4.3¾ Do 11.15.1 at 3.R.3 D° 16.7.8¾ Do 3.4.13 at 3.18 D° 13.11.2¾ Dollars 1057 Dollars pr R.Q. 7993.7½ 9052.7½ 2263.1.11½ Half Dollars 392 40.5.- Double Royals 819 113.13.9 Royals 928 23.10.- Ducatoons 34½ 11.17.- Old Money 1.6.3 3914.3.11¾ And We Delivered Mr Wright a key of the Cash Chest The Paymaster this day Delivered in his Account for the Month of March last which was Examined and proved and is as follows Viz:	The council received the balance into the treasury, being the sum of £125 6s 1.5d. Mr John Godfrey likewise paid in the balance of the Tygress account, amounting to £5 4s 0d. The council then examined and counted the Company's cash, which it found in good order and condition in the following species, including what the Company had been pleased to send by the Royal Guardian. cash notes, £491 5s 0d pagodas, 1,362, £612 18s 0d Venetians, 103, £51 10s 0d gubbers, 23, £6 18s 0d St Thomas's, 9, £5 8s 0d guineas, 3, £3 3s 0d morahs, 349.5, £1 3s 0d gold in bills: 1 parcel, 3 [...] 19 at £3 18s, £57, £23 4s 3.5d 1 the same, 11 [...] 15.5 at £3 18s 5 the same, £16 7s 8d 1 the same, 3 [...] 13 at £3 18s the same, £13 11s 9.5d dollars, 1,057 dollars per account current, 7,995.5 subtotal, 9,052.5, £2,263 1s 11.5d half dollars, 392, £40 5s 0d double rials, 1,819, £113 13s 9d rials, 918, £23 10s 0d ducatoons, 39.5, £11 7s 0d old money, £1 6s 3d total, £3,714 3s 10.5d The council delivered Mr Wright a key of the cash chest. Richard Beale then delivered in his account for the month of March last, which the council examined and passed, and which stood as follows. Interpretations The cash count set out the whole of the Company's treasury on the island by coin, a routine established as the first safeguard of the Lambert administration after the great deficiency of 1741, when false entries and unchecked coin had concealed a shortfall of hundreds of pounds. The variety of species reflects the mixed currency of the eastern trade passing through the island: pagodas, the gold coin of the Coromandel coast and the largest single holding here, alongside Venetian sequins, gubbers and St Thomas's, all foreign gold, with English guineas a small part; and in silver the Spanish dollar in bulk, its halves, and the double rial and rial into which it divided, together with the Dutch ducatoon. Morahs were a grain measure rather than a coin, entered here for a trifling sum. The gold in bills was reckoned by weight against a fixed rate per unit, showing bullion held and valued alongside struck coin, the total of £3,714 3s 10.5d standing as the attested cash the council could answer for, including the fresh supply just landed from the Royal Guardian.
22	19	Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of March 1743 Viz: Neat Cattle: Bullocks, Cows, Heiffers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Totall Remaining 1st March: Bullocks 10, Cows 111, Heiffers 27, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 39, Bulls 6, Totall 306 Encreased on Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heiffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 2, Bulls 0, Totall 2 Killed in Do: Bullocks 10, Cows 111, Heiffers 27, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 41, Bulls 6, Totall 308 Died in Do: Bullocks 10, Cows 110, Heiffers 26, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 41, Bulls 6, Totall 306 Remaining 31 Do: Bullocks 10, Cows 109, Heiffers 26, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 41, Bulls 6, Totall 305 Sheep: Ewes, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Totall Remaining 1st March: Ewes 79, Weathers 27, Lambs 4, Rams 4, Totall 114 Encreased on Do: Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 2, Totall 2 Killed in Do: Ewes 79, Weathers 27, Lambs 6, Rams 4, Totall 116 Died in Do: Ewes 79, Weathers 26, Lambs 6, Rams 4, Totall 115 Remaining 31 Do: Ewes 79, Weathers 26, Lambs 6, Rams 4, Totall 115 Goates: Ewes, Weathers, Kidds, Rams, Totall Remaining 1st March: Ewes 120, Weathers 20, Kidds 33, Rams 4, Totall 177 Encreased on Do: Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 5, Rams 0, Totall 5 Killed in Do: Ewes 120, Weathers 20, Kidds 38, Rams 4, Totall 182 Died in Do: Ewes 120, Weathers 12, Kidds 37, Rams 4, Totall 173 Remaining 31 Do: Ewes 120, Weathers 12, Kidds 37, Rams 4, Totall 173 Hoggs: Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Pigs, Boares, Totall Remaining 1st March: Sows 16, Barrows 23, Shoats 13, Pigs 31, Boares 3, Totall 116 Encreased on Do: Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 0, Boares 0, Totall 0 Killed in Do: Sows 16, Barrows 23, Shoats 13, Pigs 31, Boares 3, Totall 116 Died in Do: Sows 16, Barrows 19, Shoats 13, Pigs 31, Boares 3, Totall 112 Remaining 31 Do: Sows 16, Barrows 19, Shoats 11, Pigs 29, Boares 3, Totall 108 Poultry: Turkeys, Fowles, Ducks, Geese Horses: Mares, Stones, Totall Remaining 1st March: Turkeys 98, Fowles 210, Ducks 37, Geese 12, Mares 7, Stones 7, Totall 14 Encreased on Do: Turkeys 0, Fowles 0, Ducks 27, Geese 0, Mares 1, Stones 0, Totall 1 Killed in Do: Turkeys 78, Fowles 237, Ducks 37, Geese 12, Mares 8, Stones 7, Totall 15 Died in Do: Turkeys 74, Fowles 194, Ducks 31, Geese 12, Mares 8, Stones 9, Totall 15 Remaining 31 Do: Turkeys 71, Fowles 194, Ducks 27, Geese 12, Mares 8, Stones 9, Totall 15 196 lb Beef Sold to the Tygris Yams Expended at the Several Plantations 29000 G G Powell Husband	An account of the Company's stock for the month of March 1743 followed, each movement row set out with every class named against its figure. Neat cattle ran bullocks, cows, heifers, steers, yearlings, calves and bulls to the total; sheep ran ewes, wethers, lambs and rams; goats ran ewes, wethers, kids and rams; hogs ran sows, barrows, shoats, pigs and boars; poultry ran turkeys, fowls, ducks and geese; horses ran horses and mares. Remaining 1 March, neat cattle: 40 bullocks, 111 cows, 27 heifers, 18 steers, 35 yearlings, 39 calves, 6 bulls, total 306; sheep: 79 ewes, 27 wethers, 4 lambs, 4 rams, total 114; goats: 120 ewes, 20 wethers, 33 kids, 4 rams, total 177; hogs: 16 sows, 23 barrows, 43 shoats, 31 pigs, 3 boars, total 116; poultry: 98 turkeys, 240 fowls, 37 ducks, 12 geese; horses: 7 horses, 7 mares, total 14 Increased in the month, neat cattle: 0 bullocks, 0 cows, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 yearlings, 2 calves, 0 bulls, total 2; sheep: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 2 lambs, 0 rams, total 2; goats: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 5 kids, 0 rams, total 5; hogs: 0 sows, 0 barrows, 0 shoats, 0 pigs, 0 boars, total 0; poultry: 0 turkeys, 27 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 geese; horses: 0 horses, 1 mare, total 1 Sum, neat cattle: 40 bullocks, 111 cows, 27 heifers, 18 steers, 35 yearlings, 41 calves, 6 bulls, total 308; sheep: 79 ewes, 27 wethers, 6 lambs, 4 rams, total 116; goats: 120 ewes, 20 wethers, 38 kids, 4 rams, total 182; hogs: 16 sows, 23 barrows, 43 shoats, 31 pigs, 3 boars, total 116; poultry: 98 turkeys, 237 fowls, 37 ducks, 12 geese; horses: 8 horses, 7 mares, total 15 Killed in the month, neat cattle: 0 bullocks, 1 cow, 1 heifer, 0 steers, 0 yearlings, 2 calves, 0 bulls; sheep: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 1 lamb, 0 rams, total 1; goats: 0 ewes, 8 wethers, 1 kid, 0 rams, total 9; hogs: 0 sows, 0 barrows, 4 shoats, 0 pigs, 0 boars, total 4; poultry: 4 turkeys, 43 fowls, 6 ducks, 0 geese; horses: 0 Died in the month, neat cattle: 0 bullocks, 1 cow, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 yearlings, 1 calf, 0 bulls; sheep: 0; goats: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 0 kids, 0 rams; hogs: 0 sows, 2 barrows, 2 shoats, 0 pigs, 0 boars, total 4; poultry: 0 turkeys, 2 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 geese; horses: 0 Remaining 31 March, neat cattle: 40 bullocks, 109 cows, 26 heifers, 18 steers, 35 yearlings, 41 calves, 6 bulls, total 305; sheep: 79 ewes, 26 wethers, 6 lambs, 4 rams, total 115; goats: 120 ewes, 12 wethers, 37 kids, 4 rams, total 173; hogs: 16 sows, 19 barrows, 41 shoats, 29 pigs, 3 boars, total 108; poultry: 74 turkeys, 194 fowls, 29 ducks, 12 geese; horses: 8 horses, 7 mares, total 15 196 lb of beef sold to the Tygress. Yams expended at the several plantations, 29,000 lb. The account was subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, husband. Interpretations The stock account was the monthly muster of the whole Company herd and flock, cast so that the opening figure, the increase by birth, the killings for the table and shipping, and the natural deaths reconciled to a closing figure for every class. The office of husband was that of the husbandman or farm manager, and Powell signed the account in that capacity as well as sitting as Deputy Governor, the small establishment concentrating several offices in one man. Neat cattle stood at 305 to 308 across the month, against the 402 head the herd carried steadily through 1735 and 1736. The drought of 1737 and 1738 drove it down from 402 to 239 by October 1738, with 127 dying in a single twelvemonth and only six calves born in the whole year. The 305 to 306 here shows the herd rebuilt over the intervening five years to roughly three-quarters of its former strength, but with the class structure of a recovering rather than a settled herd, 111 cows carried by only 35 yearlings and 39 calves behind them, a thin cohort to bring on the next season. The killing of a single cow and heifer in a month otherwise fed from smaller stock repeats the reluctance to break into the breeders seen through the earlier shipping seasons. The goat herd is the sharpest change. It stood at 177 to 182 head this month, a class the council voted to destroy entirely on 20 January 1730, closed at nothing under that order, then recorded reappearing from October 1739 at 65 to 67 head before jumping unexplained to 179 at the opening of July 1741. The 177 here holds the herd at that restored level and breeds it openly on the Company's own account, five kids among the month's increase, the extirpation abandoned in practice whatever the standing vote. Poultry ran 98 turkeys and 240 fowls at the opening and fell to 74 turkeys and 194 fowls by the close, 43 fowls killed against only 27 hatched, the same pattern the yard showed through 1736 and 1737, consumed faster than it renewed itself and carrying the table when beef was spared.
23	20	The 22 Instant arrived here a Dane, Ship called the Crown Prince of Denmark Captain John Suchvall Burthen about 900 Tuns 28 Guns and 163 Men from China which Place she left the 8th Day of January N.S. And upon the Captains coming on Shore we sent him the following Letter Viz: It is Ordered That you the Commander of the Danish Ship the Crown Prince of Denmark be Aquainted that all the Officers and Sailors belonging thereto can by no means in the Present times be admitted to go any farther upon this Island than Chappel Valley, every thing needfull for their use is to be found there, or will be brought them if Required. That they also take the Water they shall occasion for at the Common Watering Place, and that no foreign Boat or Boates whatever are allowed to Land in any other part of the Valley. That the Gates are shall every Night at seven Oclock be therefore desired for the future every Body being at Shore will Conform thereto, the Gates not being to be kept open after upon any Pretence. As the Uncertainty of Affairs in Europe Renders all Precaution Necessary, it is hoped no hardship can be Supposed from the Present Order, and Utmost care shall be taken to make this Place as Agreable during their Stay as Possible. Mr John Godwin this Day delivered in a Petition praying leave to go for England Granted G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright.	On 22 April a Danish ship, the Crown Prince of Denmark, reached the island from China under Captain John Sichardt, carrying about 400 tons, 28 guns and 163 men, and had sailed from China on 8 January new style. When her captain landed, the council sent him a letter setting out how his people were to conduct themselves ashore. None of the ship's officers or crew would be let past Chapel Valley while the present danger lasted, though whatever they needed would be waiting for them there or carried down to them. They could draw water only at the common watering place, and no foreign boat was to put in anywhere else along the valley. The gates would close each night at nine, and on no excuse would they be opened again before morning. The council judged that none of this could count as ill usage, the troubled state of Europe warranting every guard, and promised to make the visitors as comfortable as it could while they stayed. George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright signed the letter. John Goodwin then asked leave to sail for England, and the council granted it. Interpretations The rules laid on the Danish crew answered the fear of a coming European war. Denmark was no enemy, but the council treated any foreign ship as a possible risk once fighting threatened, and by keeping the visitors penned in Chapel Valley it held them clear of the batteries and the interior, so that no foreign officer could measure the island's defences under the pretext of fetching water. Shutting the gates at nine and forbidding any landing elsewhere along the valley gave the council command of every trip between ship and shore. The Company still supplied the water and provisions the sea custom expected, but on terms that surrendered nothing of the island's strength, the same guarded welcome extended to all foreign shipping through these anxious months. This John Goodwin, given leave for England, was not the late Governor of the same name whose seized estate the surrounding accounts were still gathering in.
24	21	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 3 May 1743 at the Castle Present George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The last Consultation was read and approved On Saturday last the 30th April arrived the Defence Captain Thomas Castles from China and on Sunday the 1st Instant arrived the Walpole Captain Benjamin Lowe from Bengall and brought the following Supplyes Viz: Invoice p Ship Walpole Viz: A Batavia Arrack. N°3&8 4 Half Leagers @ 320 Gallons @ 250 p Leager 300.- Batta 10 p Cent 30.- 330.- S Sugar Jayinda 1&5 6 Baggs W't p Md We Gross Tarr'd 8.5.6 @ 15 p Bag 90.- Batta 8 p Cent 7.3.3 97.3.3 R Rice Fine 1&31 51 Baggs W't 102 Factory is 68 @ 1.2.8 p Rupee 96.- W Wax Candles 1&2 2 Chests of A Wtb Factory is 22.19 @ 13 p Md 192.- 915.3.3 Charges Merchandize. Baggs and Sewing 12.5.3 4 Half Leagers 35.3.3 9 Chests and Packing 4.1.3 Watchmen 2.14.- Boat & Ogl 1.4.- Boat hire 15.- 70.11.9 Current Rup £985.15.-	At a consultation held on Tuesday 3 May 1743 at the castle, the members attending were Governor George Gabriel Powell, styled Deputy Governor, John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. The council reported that on Saturday 30 April the Defence, Captain Thomas Coates, arrived from China, and on the following Sunday, 1 May, the Walpole, Captain Benjamin Lowe, arrived from Bengal, bringing the following supplies. These were set out in an invoice for the Walpole. Batavia arrack: A, No. 3 to 8, 6 half leaguers of 320 gallons at 250 madras rupees the leaguer, 300 rupees balance, 10 per cent, 50 rupees subtotal, 550 rupees Sugar Fusinda: S, No. 1 to 6, 6 bags weight 4 candy 2 [...] over at 8 rupees 3 annas 6 pies at 15 the bag, 90 rupees No. 6 to 9, charge 8 per candy, 7 rupees 3 annas 3 pies subtotal, 97 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Rice fine: R, No. 1 to 51, 51 bags of 102 factory weight at 68 rupees 7 annas 2 annas 8 pies the candy, 96 rupees Wax candles: W, No. 1 to 2, 2 chests of 4 candy factory weight at 8 rupees 9 annas 4 pies at 43 pies the candy, 172 rupees subtotal, 915 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Charges of merchandise: bags and sewing, 12 rupees 5 annas 3 pies 1 half sugar, 35 rupees 3 annas 3 pies 9 chests and packing, 4 rupees 1 anna 3 pies mattocks, 2 rupees 14 annas paper and quills, 1 rupee 4 annas boat hire, 15 rupees subtotal, 70 rupees 11 annas 9 pies current rupees, 985 rupees 15 annas Interpretations The invoice is reckoned in madras rupees, the coinage of the Company's Fort St George settlement, though the Walpole came from Bengal, showing the island's supply accounts kept in a single standard whatever coast a ship traded on. Batavia arrack was the spirit distilled at the Dutch settlement of Batavia and carried widely as ship's and garrison liquor, entered here in half leaguers, the leaguer being a large cask holding some hundreds of gallons. Sugar Fusinda was a named grade of sugar priced by the candy, a bulk weight of several hundred pounds, and rice fine was the better milled quality of the island's staple import, both reckoned to the candy against a factory weight certified at the Indian warehouse. The heavy line for wax candles, at 172 rupees much the largest single item, answers the shortage the paymaster's account already showed, the establishment having been in great want of them and forced to buy 119 lb from Captain Peter only days before, so this fresh supply direct from Bengal restocked the stores at need. The charges of merchandise gather the incidental costs of the trade, the bags, chests, packing and boat hire that fell on every consignment beyond the price of the goods themselves.
25	22	LCO 8 Bale Long Cloth ordinary white qty long 2.6 broad D Cop 9 [...] 2.5 N° 1 1.13 @ 34 p Corge 56.3.18 3 1.13 @ 33 54.16.16 0 2-1-1A @ 32.12 52.34.6A 163.18.48 Bales 8 8 Corges Washing Coopering & Beating 1.21.32 p Co 7.35.- Packing 1.13.40 p Bo 4.4.40 Jujeram Packing 13.46.- 31.40 Freight 2.- 6.- Boat and Cooley hire 14.16 1.6.18 70.5.48 SHAR 2 Bales Suits [...] @ 92.63 p 100 187.18.- 183.24.16 Packing 4.34.20 Boat and Cooley hire 7.5.20 143.28.60 Pagodas 328.11.91 Invoice p Ship Defence Sugar Candy 10 Chests SC N°1@10 wt N° 9917: Nett 2992t is Pecl 22.19 @ [...] p Cd 6.3.[...] 141.6.8.7 Sugar 25 Chests S N°1@25 wt N° 84158 8 in Cwt 40.27: 2.8.9pd mp 1.5.6 177.4.6.1 Lost by the Staving a Chest 11 3.8 Sum totall of this Invoice which God Prosper Sat 319.1.5.1 G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright.	The invoice of the Walpole continued with a consignment of cloth and cotton, reckoned in pagodas, mace and candareens. LCO, 3 bales long cloth ordinary white, 42 yards long, 2.5 yards broad, per piece 91 rupees 4 annas 2 pies 5 [...]: No. 2 to 1, 1 bale of 13 pieces at 34 the corge, 56 pagodas 3 mace 18 candareens No. 3 to 1, 1 bale of 13 pieces at 33 the corge, 54 pagodas 16 mace 16 candareens No. 2 to 1, 1 bale of 14 pieces at 32 the corge, 54 pagodas 34 mace 6 candareens 3 bales, 5 corge, 165 pagodas 18 mace 18 candareens washing, cooprage and boating, 1 [...] 21 [...] 32 the corge, 7 pagodas 33 mace packing, 1 [...] 13 [...] 40 the bale, 4 pagodas 4 mace 40 candareens gunny packing, 10 mace 40 candareens, 31 mace 40 candareens freight, 2, 6 pagodas boat and cooly hire, 14 mace 16 candareens, 1 pagoda 6 mace 18 candareens subtotal, 26 pagodas 5 mace 18 candareens SHTR, 2 bales shirts, 800 at 22 pagodas 23 pies the 100, 189 mace 18 candareens packing, 4 pagodas 34 mace 40 candareens boat and cooly hire, 5 pagodas 5 mace 20 candareens subtotal, 148 pagodas 28 mace 20 candareens pagodas, 328 pagodas 11 mace 21 candareens The supplies of the Defence followed, set out in a separate invoice for that ship. SC, No. 1 to 10, sugar candy, 10 chests, net weight 3,992 lb at recovered 22 rupees 19 [...], 141 pagodas 6 mace 8 candareens 7 [...] S, No. 1 to 25, sugar, 25 chests weight net 8,415 lb at 2 rupees 8 pies the hundredweight, 177 pagodas 1 mace 5 candareens 6 [...] lost by the stowing, a chest broken, 3 [...], subtotal, 177 pagodas 4 mace 6 candareens 1 [...] sum total of this invoice, 319 pagodas 1 mace 5 candareens 1 [...] The invoices were subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. Interpretations The cloth invoice is reckoned in pagodas, the gold coin of the Coromandel coast, divided into mace and candareens, and priced by the corge, a unit of twenty pieces used throughout the Indian cotton trade. Long cloth was a plain white calico woven in standard lengths, entered here at 42 yards to the piece, the staple textile the Company shipped west for sale to the island's inhabitants through the storekeeper, and the two bales of shirts were made-up garments bought by the hundred. Gunny was the coarse sacking of jute or hemp in which the bales were wrapped for the voyage, and the cooly hire covered the Indian porters who carried the goods to the boats, both ordinary charges of lading on the coast. The Defence brought only sugar, in two grades, the finer sugar candy in chests and a plainer sort by the hundredweight, priced against recovered rupees converted into pagodas. The entry for a chest lost by the stowing shows the invoice carrying its own record of damage in transit, the broken chest written off against the total, the same practice of noting spoilage on the bill of lading seen in the cargoes of earlier ships.
26	23	[Physical loss: small tear at top edge, above the opening line] At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 10th of May 1743 at the Castle Present George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The last Consultation was read and approved On the 6th Instant arrived the Marlbrough Captn Thomas Smith and on the 7th Instant arrived the Lynn Captain Gilbert, the Augusta Captain Townshend the Houghton Captain Worth the Wilmington Captain Seale the Princess Mary Captain Osborne and the Onslow Captain Congreve, and brought us the following Supplyes Viz: Invoice p Ship Lynn Viz: Rice Beaten 22 Baggs qt 150 Surat Md at Rt 1.2 p Md 223.- Goa Arrack: Settle Distilled 600 gallons Viz: 3 Leagers each of 180 gallons 180 1 Butt 120 600 Gallons at at 26 p 18 gallons 223.- 330.- Charges on Merchandize Viz: Sutty Baggs 22 at 60 lb 2. 40. col° 14.7.30 Gunny p 28 4.5.60 Leaguers 3, 3.1 p Co 24.- Butt 1 6.5.95 Watermalage and Cooly hire 2.1.90 Storage 8.- 53.-.15 Rup £603.-.15	At a consultation held on Tuesday 10 May 1743 at the castle, the members attending were Governor George Gabriel Powell, styled Deputy Governor, John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. The council reported that on 6 May the Marlborough, Captain Thomas Smith, arrived, and that on 7 May six more ships came in: the Lynn, Captain Gilbert, the Augusta, Captain Townshend, the Houghton, Captain Watts, the Wilmington, Captain Scott, the Princess Mary, Captain Osborne, and the Onslow, Captain Colgrave. They brought the following supplies, set out first in an invoice for the Lynn. rice beaten, 22 bags of 150 sweet weight at 12 rupees 1 anna 2 pies the hundredweight, 225 rupees Goa arrack, kettle distilled, 600 gallons: 3 leaguers each of 160 gallons, 480 gallons 1 butt, 120 gallons 600 gallons at 26 rupees the 48 gallons, 325 rupees subtotal, 550 rupees Charges of merchandise: dutty bags, 22 at 12 pies each, 14 rupees 7 annas 10 pies gunny, 28 at 3 pies each, 1 rupee 3 annas 6 pies leaguers, 3 at 8, 24 rupees butt, 6 rupees 5 annas 75 pies horse mallage and coolie hire, 2 rupees 1 anna 40 pies sewing, 2 rupees subtotal, 53 rupees 15 [annas] current rupees, 603 rupees 15 [annas] Interpretations The great fleet of seven ships arriving within two days, six of them together on 7 May, marks the height of the season's shipping and the reason the island's fortifications were being pressed forward, so large a concentration of the Company's homeward and outward trade lying exposed in the road at once under the threat of war. Rice beaten was rice hulled by pounding to separate the grain from the husk, distinguishing it from the paddy or unhusked rice also shipped, and Goa arrack was the spirit distilled on the Portuguese Indian coast, here noted as kettle distilled, a mark of its method and quality, entered in leaguers and a butt, the large casks in which spirits crossed the sea. The charges of merchandise turn on the incidental costs of lading and carriage: dutty bags were the sacking the rice was shipped in, gunny the coarse jute wrapping, and the coolie hire the wage of the Indian porters who moved the goods to the boats. The horse mallage was the cost of haulage by animal on the coast, a further carriage charge before the goods ever reached the ship, all of it gathered into the invoice on top of the price of the rice and arrack themselves.
27	24	Invoice p Ship Onslow N° 1&9 China Ware: 1 Chest & 1 Box con'g 7 Viz: 12 Setts bold & Gold Dishes and Plates 3 & 10 to a Sett @ 3 p Sett 36.- 10 Soup Dishes bold & Gold @ 2 ea 20.- 56.- Deduct 2 pd for breakage 1.1.2.- Chinaware 1 Chest and 1 Box Amounting to 54.8.8. B N°1&9 Sea Bohea for 2 Chests wt Boles qty w' 300 3.9 @ 15 16.3.3. 300 Cannisters @ 3 each 9.- Sea Bohea 2 Chests of 300 Cannisters Amo 33.3.3. SC N°1@10 Sugar Candy 10 Chests wt N° 91.24 @ 6 p 100 wt 2965 138.-.6. S N°1@10 Sugar 10 Chests wt N°.24.83 @ 2¾ wt 3268 69.3.2.4 Sum Totall of this Invoice which God Prosper Rup 317.8.1.4 Invoice p Ship Marlbrough. A Batavia Arrack N° 1&2.20 4 half Leagers qty 320 gall @ 250 p Leag 300.- Batta 10 p Cent 30.- 330.- S Jayinda Sugar 1&6 6 Baggs wt 18 md Bagor is 8.3.6 @ 15 p Bagg 90.- Batta 8 p Cent 7.3.3 17.3.3 R Fine Rice 1&31 51 Baggs wt 102 Factory is 68@1.2.8 p Rupee 96.- W Wax Candles 2 2 Chests wt 22 Factory is 22.19@13 p md 192.- 915.3.3 Charges Merchandize 108 Baggs & Sewing 12.5.3 4 Empty half Leagures 36.6.6 2 Chests and Packing 4.1.3 Watchmen 3.4.- Boat & Ogle 1.8.- Boat hire 16.8.- 64.- Current Rup 979.4.3	The supplies of the Onslow were set out in a separate invoice for that ship, reckoned in pagodas, mace and candareens. No. 1 to 8, chinaware, 1 chest and 1 box containing 7 [...]: 12 sets bowls and gold dishes and plates, 3 [...] to a set at 3 the set, 36 pagodas 10 soup dishes bowls and gold at 2 each, 20 pagodas subtotal, 56 pagodas deduct 2 each for breakage, 1 pagoda 1 mace 2 candareens chinaware, 1 chest and 1 box, amounting to, 54 pagodas 8 mace 8 candareens B, No. 1 to 9, tea bohea, 9 chests, weight net 3 [...] 9 at 15 the [...], 16 pagodas 3 mace 3 candareens 300 canisters at 3 each, 9 pagodas tea bohea, 9 chests of 300 canisters, amounting to, 53 pagodas 3 mace 5 candareens SC, No. 1 to 10, sugar candy, 10 chests, weight net 3,921 lb at 6 the [...], 158 pagodas 6 candareens S, No. 1 to 10, sugar, 10 chests, weight net 3,268 lb at 2 rupees 3 pies, 49 pagodas 8 mace 2 candareens 1 [...] sum total of this invoice, 319 pagodas 8 mace 1 candareen 1 [...] The supplies of the Marlborough followed, set out in an invoice for that ship, reckoned in madras rupees. Batavia arrack: A, No. 10 to 20, 6 half leaguers of 320 gallons at 250 madras rupees the leaguer, 300 rupees balance, 10 per cent, 50 rupees subtotal, 550 rupees Fusinda sugar: S, No. 1 to 6, 6 bags weight 4 candy 2 [...] over at 8 rupees 3 annas 6 pies at 15 the bag, 90 rupees balance, 8 per cent, 7 rupees 3 annas 3 pies subtotal, 97 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Fine rice: R, No. 1 to 51, 51 bags of 102 factory weight at 68 rupees 1 anna 9 pies 4 the candy, 96 rupees Wax candles: W, No. 1 to 2, 2 chests of 4 candy factory weight at 22 rupees 2 annas at 43 pies the candy, 172 rupees subtotal, 915 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Charges of merchandise: 108 bags and sewing, 12 rupees 5 annas 3 pies 6 empty half leaguers, 26 rupees 6 annas 6 pies 2 chests and packing, 4 rupees 1 anna 3 pies mattocks, 3 rupees 4 annas paper and quills, 1 rupee 8 annas boat hire, 16 rupees 8 annas subtotal, 64 rupees 2 [annas] current rupees, 979 rupees 4 annas 3 pies Interpretations The Onslow's invoice carried the finer eastern goods rather than bulk provisions, chinaware in gilded sets of bowls, dishes and plates bought by the set, and bohea tea, the cheaper black tea shipped in canisters by the chest. These were trade goods for sale through the storekeeper to the inhabitants and to the shipping, not stores for the establishment's own use, the chinaware reckoned with a deduction for breakage in the same way the sugar invoices allowed for chests broken in stowing. Tea and porcelain from the China trade passing through the island in small quantity show the range of goods the Company moved west beyond the rice, sugar and arrack that made up the ordinary supply. The Marlborough's invoice repeats almost exactly the Walpole's of a week earlier, the same arrack, Fusinda sugar, fine rice and wax candles at the same prices, showing the Company shipping a standard assortment of stores on ship after ship of the season's fleet. The larger charge for wax candles again answers the shortage the establishment had felt, ship upon ship now restocking the item the paymaster had been forced to buy at need from Captain Peter only weeks before.
28	25	Invoice p Ship Augusta SC Sugar Candy Eight Chests N° 1 18 322 2 19 345 3 18 328 4 19 338 5 18 331 6 20 332 7 19 327 8 18 328 149 149 2503 lb N° is 18.80 @ 6 p [...] Rup: 120.3.2. 8 Chests @ 1.3 each 1.2.- 121.3.2. S Sugar Fifteen Chests 9 15 331 10 19 336 11 17 331 12 19 356 13 18 345 14 19 338 15 20 328 16 19 338 17 18 345 18 20 333 19 20 338 20 18 320 21 19 335 22 19 345 23 20 333 284 5037 N/A 4965 lb N° is 33.5 [...] at 2 lb p Cwt 93.1.8.1 13 Chests at 1.5 each 2.2.3. 95.4.3.1 216.7.5.1	The supplies of the Augusta were set out in an invoice for that ship, reckoned in pagodas, mace and candareens. The eight chests of sugar candy and fifteen chests of sugar were each weighed and listed by chest, the tare deducted, and the net priced by the candy. SC, sugar candy, 8 chests, each with its gross weight and tare: No. 1, tare 18, net 320 No. 2, tare 19, net 345 No. 3, tare 18, net 328 No. 4, tare 19, net 338 No. 5, tare 18, net 331 No. 6, tare 20, net 332 No. 7, tare 19, net 327 No. 8, tare 18, net 328 tare 149, net 2,631 total 2,502 lb, net weight per candy 20 [...] 3 [...] 11, at 18 rupees 80 at 6 [...] 4 the candy, per pagodas 120 pagodas 3 mace 2 candareens 8 chests at 1 rupee 5 each, 1 pagoda 2 candareens subtotal, 121 pagodas 3 mace 2 candareens S, sugar, 15 chests, each with its gross weight and tare: No. 9, tare 19, net 331 No. 10, tare 19, net 336 No. 11, tare 17, net 331 No. 12, tare 19, net 336 No. 13, tare 18, net 345 No. 14, tare 19, net 338 No. 15, tare 20, net 328 No. 16, tare 19, net 338 No. 17, tare 18, net 345 No. 18, tare 20, net 333 No. 19, tare 20, net 338 No. 20, tare 18, net 330 No. 21, tare 19, net 345 No. 22, tare 19, net 345 No. 23, tare 20, net 333 tare 293, net 5,059 total 4,765 lb, net weight per candy, at 33 rupees 5 annas at 2 rupees 6 pies the hundredweight, per pagodas 93 pagodas 1 mace 8 candareens 4 [...] 15 chests at 1 rupee 5 each, 2 pagodas 2 mace 3 candareens subtotal, 95 pagodas 1 mace 3 candareens 4 [...] total, 216 pagodas 4 mace 5 candareens 4 [...] Interpretations The Augusta's invoice carried only sugar, in two grades, the finer sugar candy in eight chests and a plainer sugar in fifteen, each chest weighed singly and its tare, the weight of the empty chest, struck off to leave the net for pricing. This chest-by-chest reckoning was the careful method used where the goods varied in weight from package to package, the total net of each grade converted from rupees to pagodas at the coast rate, with a small fixed charge added per chest for the packaging itself. The whole consignment restocked the storekeeper's sugar for sale, one of several sugar ladings the season's fleet brought within a fortnight.
29	26	Invoice p Ship Houghton A Batavia Arrack. N° 13&16 4 half Leagers of 320 Gallons @ 250 p Leager 300.- Batta 10 p Cent 30.- 330.- S Sugar Jesinda 1&6 6 Baggs wt 18 md 8.3.6 @ 15 dwt md p Bag 90.- Batta 8 p Cent 7.3.3 97.3.3 R Rice Fine 1&31 51 Baggs wt 102 is 68@1.2¾ p Rupee 96.- W Wax Candles 1&2 2 Chests wt md 22.19@13 p md 192.- 915.3.3 Charges Merchandize 108 Baggs and Sewing 4.5.3 4 Empty half Leagers 35.3.3 2 Chests and Packing 4.1.3 Watters 2.14.- Peon 1.4.- Boat hire 18.- 70.11.9 Current Rup £985.15.-	The supplies of the Houghton were set out in an invoice for that ship, reckoned in madras rupees. Batavia arrack: A, No. 13 to 16, 6 half leaguers of 320 gallons at 250 madras rupees the leaguer, 300 rupees balance, 10 per cent, 50 rupees subtotal, 550 rupees Sugar Fusinda: S, No. 1 to 6, 6 bags weight 4 candy 2 [...] at 8 rupees 3 annas 6 pies at 15 the bag, 90 rupees balance, 8 per cent, 7 rupees 3 annas 3 pies subtotal, 97 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Rice fine: R, No. 1 to 51, 51 bags weight 102 at 68 rupees 1 anna 2 pies 4 the rupee, 96 rupees Wax candles: W, No. 1 to 2, 2 chests of 4 at 22 rupees 2 annas 19 at 43 pies the candy, 172 rupees subtotal, 915 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Charges of merchandise: 108 bags and sewing, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pies 6 empty half leaguers, 35 rupees 3 annas 3 pies 2 chests and packing, 4 rupees 1 anna 3 pies mattocks, 2 rupees 14 annas paper and quills, 1 rupee 4 annas boat hire, 15 rupees subtotal, 70 rupees 11 annas 9 pies current rupees, 985 rupees 15 [annas] Interpretations The Houghton's invoice repeats the standard assortment the season's ships were carrying one after another, the same Batavia arrack, Fusinda sugar, fine rice and wax candles at the same prices already entered for the Walpole and the Marlborough, confirming that the Company loaded a set parcel of stores for the island on ship after ship of the fleet. The near-identical total, current rupees standing at 985 15s against the Marlborough's 979 4s 3d, shows the supply reckoned to a common standard whatever vessel bore it, the only variation falling in the incidental charges of packaging and boat hire.
30	27	Invoice p Ship Wilmington A Batavia Arrack N° 9&12 4 half Leagers of 320 Gallons @ 250 p Leager 300.- Batta 10 p Cent 30.- 330.- S Sugar Jesinda 1&6 6 Bagg wt 12 md Bugar is 8.3.6 p Bagg 90.- Batta 8 p Cent 7.3.3 97.3.3 R Rice Fine 1&31 51 Baggs wt 102 Factory is 68@1.2.8 p Rupee 96.- W Wax Candles 1&2 2 Chests of Wt is 22.19@13 p Maund 192.- Charges Merchandize Baggs and Sewing 4.5.3 4 Empty half Leagers 35.3.3 8 Chests and Packing 4.1.3 Watters 2.14.- Peon and Ogle 1.4.- Boat hire 15.- 70.11.9 Current Rup £985.15.- G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright.	The supplies of the Wilmington were set out in an invoice for that ship, reckoned in madras rupees. Batavia arrack: A, No. 7 to 12, 6 half leaguers of 320 gallons at 250 madras rupees the leaguer, 300 rupees balance, 10 per cent, 50 rupees subtotal, 550 rupees Sugar Fusinda: S, No. 1 to 6, 6 bags weight 12 candy at 8 rupees 3 annas 6 pies the bag, 90 rupees balance, 8 per cent, 7 rupees 3 annas 3 pies subtotal, 97 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Rice fine: R, No. 1 to 51, 51 bags weight 102 factory at 68 rupees 1 anna 2 pies 8 the rupee, 96 rupees Wax candles: W, No. 1 to 2, 2 chests of 4 candy at 22 rupees 14 annas at 43 pies the candy, 172 rupees subtotal, 915 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Charges of merchandise: bags and sewing, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pies 6 empty half leaguers, 35 rupees 3 annas 3 pies 2 chests and packing, 4 rupees 1 anna 3 pies mattocks, 2 rupees 14 annas paper and quills, 1 rupee 4 annas boat hire, 15 rupees subtotal, 90 rupees 11 annas 9 pies current rupees, 985 rupees 15 [annas] The invoice was subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright.
31	28	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 17th May 1743 at the Castle Present John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was read and Approved. Mr Christopher Dixon this day Delivered in the following Viz: To the Worshipfull George Gabriel Powell Esqr &c Council Gentlemen The many and Different Reports about my Dismission that from time to time I have heard (among which the Governours and Mr Godfreys lightly Jars, and Contracted with each other) have at last Determined me now to Desire you'l assign some fixt and Certain Cause (if there be any, being my Aff not Conscious of any Reasonable one) and to send me a Copy of it drawn up in Writing as your Ultimate Charge. The Granting of which Request is so Common an Act of Justice that in all Chancerys where Equity was ever profest it was never once Disputed and which I now[...] Expect. I already know these Several Clashing Accounts Exhibited as Reasons for my Dismission which without much more Solid and Cogent Alledg'd with a fuller and more Substantiall Proof will never be deemed Satisfactory by unprejudiced and Impartial Judges. Your Several Charges Suspected to me as Criminal which You told me at my Dismission touch the Honourable Companys Service are (I think) First something concerning a bottle of Punch I sent for the day before which was Denied me. Secondly that Story about which Jeremiah Ferrill was Punished; and Thirdly hearing Secretly the Report about the Governours and one of the Miss Lambert's. These were the whole of what I then heard Chargeable	At a consultation held on Tuesday 17 May 1743 at the castle, the members attending were John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. Christopher Dixon delivered in a paper that day addressed to George Gabriel Powell and the council. He asked the council to state some clear and definite cause for his dismissal, if any existed, since he was aware of none deserving it, and to give him a copy of the reasons on which his removal finally rested. He held the request an act of justice, being what fairness had always allowed and none had ever disputed, and said he expected no less. He knew, he wrote, of the several conflicting accounts put forward as grounds for his removal, but held that without clearer and stronger proof they would never satisfy an unprejudiced and impartial judge. The charges brought against him as a councillor, on which he had been dismissed the Company's service, he numbered as three: first, something concerning a bottle of arrack found for the day before, which he denied; second, the story of Jeremiah Smith's punishment; and third, keeping secret the report about the Governor and one of the Miss Lamberts. These, he stated, were the whole of what he had heard. The paper was subscribed by Christopher Dixon. Interpretations The paper turns on the principle that a servant put out of the Company's employment was entitled to a stated cause and to the evidence against him, a claim to natural justice Dixon pressed as something never before refused, though the council here sat without the Deputy Governor whose act the dismissal was and against whom two of the three charges ran. Dixon had first been seated on the council on 18 May 1742 and his salary was broken off on 13 February 1743 in the paymaster's quarterly account, so this paper follows his removal by some three months, his demand for reasons coming only after the fact. The three charges he recites expose the workings of a small and quarrelsome establishment where the councillors informed on one another. The last, that he had concealed a report touching the Governor and one of the daughters of the former Governor Lambert, shows the matter turned on personal loyalty and the suppression of scandal as much as on any breach of duty, Dixon set against Powell and reckoning the true ground of his fall to be what he had failed to report rather than any fault in his office.
32	29	Chargeable and Accountable for; If any thing Else Offers, Please to Acquaint me with it, and You will Oblige Your Most Humble Servant Christopher Dixon To which we answered that as the affair was already Represented to our Honourable Masters, We therefore must wait for their Honours Determination Concerning it. The Widdow of the late Governour Lambert having Requested of us Lately to pay into the Treasury the Sum of Three Hundred and Seventeen pounds which was due to her late Husband at the time of his Death. We Acquiesced and gave her Bills Accordingly upon our Honourable Directors for the said Sum of Three Hundred and Seventeen pounds. Received of Captain Henry Watts the Sum of One Hundred and five pounds Twelve Shillings and Six pence for which we gave him our Receipt. Received of the following Persons the Ballance of their Ships Accounts Viz: Captain Thomas Castles £12.13.- Capt Benjamin Lowe 14.13.- Capt Charles Gilbert 32.10.5 Capt William Earl Brown 12.14.9 72.13.2. Received of the following Persons for the several Purchases at Publick Auction of the Estate of the Late John Goodwin Esqr Viz: Frances Wrangham Junr £26.19.- Thomas Alcock 1.10.3 28.9.3	Christopher Dixon closed his paper by saying he was chargeable and accountable for anything with which he stood charged, and asked the council to let him know if any further matter arose. The council answered that, the affair having already been laid before the Company, it must wait for the directors' decision on it. The widow of the late Governor Lambert asked leave to pay into the treasury the sum of £317 0s 0d, which had been due to her late husband at the time of his death. The council agreed, and gave her bills on the Company for that sum. The council received of Captain Henry Watts the sum of £105 12s 6d, and gave him a receipt. The council then received from several commanders the balances of their ships' accounts, each with its sum. Captain Thomas Coates, £12 15s 0d Captain Benjamin Lowe, £14 15s 0d Captain Charles Gilbert, £32 10s 5d Captain William Paul Benson, £12 14s 9d total, £72 15s 2d The council also received from several persons for their purchases at the public auction of the estate of the late John Goodwin, each with its sum. Francis Wrangham junior, £26 19s 0d Thomas Amos, £1 10s 3d total, £28 9s 3d Interpretations The payment by the widow Lambert reveals the debt owed to a governor at his death being settled through the island's treasury, the cash taken in on the spot and the widow given bills on the Company in London against it, a convenient exchange that turned money wanted on the island into a claim she could realise at home. The sum of £317 due to Governor Lambert marks his tenure closed by death and his affairs being wound up under his successor Powell, the change of government the surrounding accounts record throughout. The auction receipts continue the realisation of the late Governor John Goodwin's attached estate, its goods sold at public outcry and the proceeds gathered piece by piece into the Company's cash more than three years after his death, the same slow recovery against his deficiency that had run through the whole run since 1741. Two governors' estates were thus being settled at once through this one treasury, Lambert's by a debt paid to his widow and Goodwin's by debts still owing to the Company.
33	30	Paid Thomas Twentree the Sum of Fourteen Pounds Eight Shillings being for Captain Swanton Lodging the Honourable Company not having any Appartements to put him in for in the Castle there is but one Lodging Room. Paid Doctor Richard Willoby Pickering of Ship Royall Guardian the Sum of Ten Shillings for his Care of Two of the Honourable Companys Servants during their Passage hither. Paid Captain William Earl Benson the Sum of Sixteen pounds four Shillings and Seven pence for Provisions bought for the use of the General Table. Paid David Wilson the Sum of Three pounds Seventeen Shillings and Eleven pence for a Sett of China Cups and Saucers there not being three Cups in the Castle belonging to the Honble Company. John Drury and Thomas Brown both Soldiers in this Garrison having Served their full time According to their Contract with our Honble Masters, therefore this day Requested their Discharges from the said Garrison together with leave to Proceed to England. But as they were both in Debt to the Estate of the late Governour Goodwin. We told them we could not Suffer 'em to have the afsd until they had Discharged their said Debts, upon which the former of them said that he had an Account to bring against his Debt, and the latter said that he would pay his Debt off We therefore Ordered them to withdraw for the Present and attend the General upon next Tuesday the one with his Account together with Sufficient Vouchers that what he therein Charges is due, and the other with his Money. The Assend the Gunner and Steward this day brought in their Several Accounts for the Month of April last which were Severally Examined and Proved and are as follows Viz:	The council paid Thomas Greentree £14 8s 0d for lodging Captain Swanley, the Company having no quarters of its own to house him and the castle holding only the one lodging room. The council paid Doctor Richard Willeby, surgeon of the Royal Guardian, 10s 0d for his care of two of the Company's servants during their passage to the island. The council paid Captain William Paul Benson £16 4s 7d for necessaries bought for the use of the general table. The council paid David Wilson £3 17s 11d for a set of china cups and saucers, there not being three cups in the castle belonging to the Company. John Drury and Thomas Brown, both soldiers of the garrison, had served the full term of their contract with the Company, and asked that day for their discharge and leave to sail for England. But as they both owed money to the estate of the late Governor Goodwin, the council would not let them leave until they had cleared their debts. Drury answered that he had an account to set against his debt, and Brown said he would pay what he owed. The council ordered them both to withdraw for the present and to attend again the following Tuesday, Drury with his account and sufficient proof of what he claimed in charges, and Brown with his money. The gunner and steward brought in their several accounts for the month of April last, which the council examined and passed, and which stood as follows. Interpretations The run of payments shows the council using the ships in the road to supply the establishment's smallest domestic wants, buying china cups and saucers and necessaries for the Governor's table from the commanders because the castle was so bare it could not muster three cups of its own. Housing a captain in a hired room for want of any Company quarters points to the same poverty of the establishment, a seat of government with a single lodging room to its name. The refusal to discharge the two time-served soldiers until they cleared their debts to the Goodwin estate reveals how the attached estate held its debtors fast: a man could not take his lawful discharge and passage home while he owed it money, so the wardship of the dead governor's affairs became a lever over the living, the garrison serving as a pool of debtors as well as of labour. The distinction the council drew between them, Drury allowed to set an account against his debt and Brown simply required to pay, shows it weighing each claim on its own rather than holding both men on the same footing.
34	31	Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of April 1743 Viz: Neat Cattle: Bullocks, Cows, Heiffers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Totall Remaining the 1st April: Bullocks 10, Cows 109, Heiffers 26, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 41, Bulls 6, Totall 305 Encreased in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heiffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 2, Bulls 0, Totall 2 Killed in Do sent on Board the Tygris: Bullocks 10, Cows 109, Heiffers 26, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 43, Bulls 6, Totall 307 Killed in Do: Bullocks 5, Cows 1, Heiffers 3, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 1, Bulls 0, Totall 10 Died in Do: Bullocks 35, Cows 108, Heiffers 23, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 42, Bulls 6, Totall 297 Remaining 30th Do: Bullocks 35, Cows 108, Heiffers 23, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 42, Bulls 6, Totall 297 Sheep: Ewes, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Totall Remaining the 1st April: Ewes 79, Weathers 26, Lambs 6, Rams 4, Totall 115 Encreased in Do: Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 3, Rams 0, Totall 3 Killed in Do sent on Board the Tygris: Ewes 79, Weathers 26, Lambs 9, Rams 4, Totall 118 Killed in Do: Ewes 0, Weathers 7, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Totall 7 Died in Do: Ewes 79, Weathers 19, Lambs 9, Rams 4, Totall 111 Remaining 30th Do: Ewes 79, Weathers 19, Lambs 9, Rams 4, Totall 111 Goates: Ewes, Weathers, Kidds, Rams, Totall Remaining the 1st April: Ewes 120, Weathers 12, Kidds 37, Rams 4, Totall 173 Encreased in Do: Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 4, Rams 0, Totall 4 Killed in Do sent on Board the Tygris: Ewes 120, Weathers 12, Kidds 41, Rams 4, Totall 177 Killed in Do: Ewes 2, Weathers 8, Kidds 2, Rams 1, Totall 13 Died in Do: Ewes 116, Weathers 4, Kidds 38, Rams 4, Totall 162 Remaining 30th Do: Ewes 115, Weathers 4, Kidds 38, Rams 4, Totall 161 Hoggs: Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Pigs, Boares, Totall Remaining the 1st April: Sows 16, Barrows 19, Shoats 41, Pigs 29, Boares 3, Totall 108 Encreased in Do: Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 0, Boares 0, Totall 0 Killed in Do sent on Board the Tygris: Sows 16, Barrows 19, Shoats 41, Pigs 29, Boares 3, Totall 108 Killed in Do: Sows 0, Barrows 3, Shoats 0, Pigs 0, Boares 0, Totall 3 Died in Do: Sows 16, Barrows 16, Shoats 41, Pigs 29, Boares 3, Totall 103 Remaining 30th Do: Sows 16, Barrows 16, Shoats 41, Pigs 28, Boares 3, Totall 104 Poultry: Turkeys, Fowles, Ducks, Geese Horses: Mares, Stones, Totall Remaining the 1st April: Turkeys 94, Fowles 194, Ducks 29, Geese 12, Mares 8, Stones 7, Totall 15 Encreased in Do: Turkeys 0, Fowles 40, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Mares 0, Stones 0, Totall 0 Killed in Do sent on Board the Tygris: Turkeys 94, Fowles 234, Ducks 29, Geese 12, Mares 8, Stones 7, Totall 15 Killed in Do: Turkeys 70, Fowles 54, Ducks 8, Geese 0, Mares 0, Stones 0, Totall 0 Died in Do: Turkeys 37, Fowles 180, Ducks 21, Geese 12, Mares 8, Stones 7, Totall 15 Remaining 30th Do: Turkeys 57, Fowles 180, Ducks 21, Geese 12, Mares 8, Stones 7, Totall 15 621 lb Beef Sold to the Tygris 490 lb Do to the Royall Guardian 695 lb Do to his Majestys Ship Liverpool Yams Expended at the Several Plantations 29000 1 Black Man died the 10th April named Will Jetcks 1 Do the 13 Do named Lewis G G Powell Husband	An account of the Company's stock for the month of April 1743 followed, each movement row set out with every class named against its figure. Neat cattle ran bullocks, cows, heifers, steers, yearlings, calves and bulls to the total; sheep ran ewes, wethers, lambs and rams; goats ran ewes, wethers, kids and rams; hogs ran sows, barrows, shoats, pigs and boars; poultry ran turkeys, fowls, ducks and geese; horses ran horses and mares. Remaining 1 April, neat cattle: 40 bullocks, 109 cows, 26 heifers, 48 steers, 35 yearlings, 41 calves, 6 bulls, total 305; sheep: 79 ewes, 26 wethers, 6 lambs, 4 rams, total 115; goats: 120 ewes, 12 wethers, 37 kids, 4 rams, total 173; hogs: 16 sows, 19 barrows, 41 shoats, 29 pigs, 3 boars, total 108; poultry: 74 turkeys, 194 fowls, 29 ducks, 12 geese; horses: 8 horses, 7 mares, total 15 Increased in the month, neat cattle: 0 bullocks, 0 cows, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 yearlings, 2 calves, 0 bulls, total 2; sheep: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 3 lambs, 0 rams, total 3; goats: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 4 kids, 0 rams, total 4; hogs: 0 sows, 0 barrows, 0 shoats, 0 pigs, 0 boars, total 0; poultry: 0 turkeys, 40 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 geese; horses: 0 Sum, neat cattle: 40 bullocks, 109 cows, 26 heifers, 48 steers, 35 yearlings, 43 calves, 6 bulls, total 307; sheep: 79 ewes, 26 wethers, 9 lambs, 4 rams, total 118; goats: 120 ewes, 12 wethers, 41 kids, 4 rams, total 179; hogs: 16 sows, 19 barrows, 41 shoats, 29 pigs, 3 boars, total 108; poultry: 74 turkeys, 234 fowls, 29 ducks, 12 geese; horses: 8 horses, 7 mares, total 15 Killed in the month, neat cattle: 5 bullocks, 1 cow, 3 heifers, 0 steers, 0 yearlings, 1 calf, 0 bulls, total 10; sheep: 0 ewes, 7 wethers, 0 lambs, 0 rams, total 7; goats: 2 ewes, 2 wethers, 8 kids, 1 ram, total 19 [...] 3; hogs: 0 sows, 3 barrows, 0 shoats, 0 pigs, 0 boars, total 3; poultry: 7 turkeys, 54 fowls, 8 ducks, 0 geese, and 10 [...]; horses: 0 Died in the month, neat cattle: 0; sheep: 0; goats: 0 ewes, 1 wether, 0 kids, 0 rams, total 1; hogs: 0 sows, 1 barrow, 0 shoats, 0 pigs, 0 boars, total 1; poultry: 0 turkeys, 1 fowl, 0 ducks, 0 geese; horses: 0 Remaining 30 April, neat cattle: 35 bullocks, 108 cows, 23 heifers, 48 steers, 35 yearlings, 42 calves, 6 bulls, total 297; sheep: 79 ewes, 19 wethers, 9 lambs, 4 rams, total 111; goats: 115 ewes, 4 wethers, 38 kids, 4 rams, total 161; hogs: 16 sows, 16 barrows, 41 shoats, 28 pigs, 3 boars, total 104; poultry: 57 turkeys, 180 fowls, 21 ducks, 12 geese; horses: 8 horses, 7 mares, total 15 621 lb of beef sold to the Tygress. 990 lb of beef to the Royal Guardian. 695 lb of beef to His Majesty's ship Liverpool. Yams expended at the several plantations, 29,000 lb. 1 black man died the 10th April, named Will Fetch. 1 the same, the 13th April, named Lewis. The account was subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, husband. Interpretations The killings for the month rise sharply against the quiet of March, ten head of neat cattle taken, five of them bullocks, alongside seven wethers and fifty-four fowls, and the reason lies in the fleet the surrounding accounts record, six ships arriving together on 7 May and more before them, each needing beef for her homeward passage. The three named disposals confirm it, 621 lb to the Tygress, 990 lb to the Royal Guardian and 695 lb to His Majesty's ship Liverpool, the naval escort victualled alongside the Company's own vessels, so that the herd fell from 305 to 297 in a single month after holding steady through March. The neat cattle stood near 300, well below the 402 the herd carried through 1735 and 1736 but far above the 239 to which the drought of 1738 had reduced it, the establishment now able to spare beef to a whole fleet without breaking into its breeders, only a single cow killed among the ten. Two of the Company's slaves died in the month, Will Fetch on 10 April and Lewis on 13 April, entered on the stock account in the same manner as the animals, a stark measure of how the establishment reckoned the men it held as property alongside its cattle and hogs.
35	32	Gunners Stores Expended in the Month of April 1743 Viz: Day of the Month, Guns Fired, 3 Pounders, 6 Pounders, 4 Pounders, 3 Pounders, 12 Pounders, 3 Pounders, Powder lb used 10th: Fired for Captain Peters going on Board: Guns Fired 15, 3lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 12lb 15, 3lb 0, Powder 15 13th: Departed the Tygris: Guns Fired 1, 3lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 12lb 0, 3lb 0, Powder 1 Do: An Allarm at Bankers: Guns Fired 4, 3lb 0, 6lb 2, 4lb 0, 3lb 2, 12lb 0, 3lb 0, Powder 14 Do: An Allarm at Prosperous Bay and Ridge: Guns Fired 6, 3lb 0, 6lb 2, 4lb 2, 3lb 0, 12lb 2, 3lb 0, Powder 13 Do: Arrived the Man of Warr's Ship Liverpool: Guns Fired 21, 3lb 0, 6lb 1, 4lb 5, 3lb 0, 12lb 15, 3lb 0, Powder 42 Do: Fired for Captain Swantons Landing: Guns Fired 21, 3lb 0, 6lb 1, 4lb 5, 3lb 0, 12lb 15, 3lb 0, Powder 42 16: An Allarm: Guns Fired 6, 3lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 2, 3lb 2, 12lb 0, 3lb 2, Powder 13 14th: Fired by the Governours Order: Guns Fired 1, 3lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 12lb 1, 3lb 0, Powder 1 Do: Arrived the Royall Guardian: Guns Fired 1, 3lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 12lb 1, 3lb 0, Powder 1 Do: Fired for Captain Bensons Landing: Guns Fired 1, 3lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 12lb 1, 3lb 0, Powder 1 18: Added to the Alarm[...]: Guns Fired 1, 3lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 12lb 0, 3lb 0, Powder 1 21: An Allarm: Guns Fired 6, 3lb 0, 6lb 2, 4lb 2, 3lb 0, 12lb 0, 3lb 2, Powder 13 22: Arrived a Dane Ship: Guns Fired 1, 3lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 12lb 1, 3lb 0, Powder 1 27: Departed the Dane Ship: Guns Fired 1, 3lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 12lb 1, 3lb 0, Powder 1 30: An Allarm: Guns Fired 6, 3lb 0, 6lb 2, 4lb 2, 3lb 0, 12lb 0, 3lb 2, Powder 13 Do: Arrived the Defence: Guns Fired 1, 3lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 12lb 1, 3lb 0, Powder 1 5 Horses Powder Expended for Priming: Powder 15 Powder to the Guard and out Ports: Powder 33 Powder for Exercising: Powder 230 Totall 151.4.10.8.10.116.8.453 Match 17 lb Paper 72 Quire Flants[...]kes 14 Sponge Staves 10 Priming Wires 6 Gauge Powell 4 Lead Metter 8 lb John French Gunner	An account of the gunner's stores expended in the month of April 1743 followed, each occasion set out with the guns fired, the classes of gun discharged and the powder against it. The columns ran guns fired, then the classes of gun discharged as 6 pounders, 4 pounders, 3 pounders and 2 pounders, followed by the powder in pounds. 12th, fired for Captain Peter going aboard, 15 guns fired, 15 two pounders, 15 lb powder 13th, departed the Tygress, 1 gun fired, 1 two pounder, 1 lb powder the same, an alarm at Banks's, 1 gun fired, 2 four pounders, 2 two pounders, [...] lb powder the same, an alarm at Prosperous Bay and ridge, 6 guns fired, 2 four pounders, 2 three pounders, 2 two pounders, 18 lb powder the same, saluted His Majesty's ship Liverpool, 21 guns fired, 1 six pounder, 5 four pounders, 15 two pounders, 40 lb powder the same, fired for Captain Swanley's landing, 21 guns fired, 1 six pounder, 5 four pounders, 15 two pounders, 42 lb powder 16th, an alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 four pounders, 2 three pounders, 2 two pounders, 13 lb powder 17th, fired by the Governor's order, 1 gun fired, 1 two pounder, 1 lb powder the same, saluted the Royal Guardian, 1 gun fired, 1 two pounder, 1 lb powder the same, fired for Captain Benson's landing, 1 gun fired, 1 two pounder, 1 lb powder 18th, powder to the Blaster, 1 lb powder 19th, an alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 four pounders, 2 three pounders, 2 two pounders, 13 lb powder 22nd, saluted a Danish ship, 1 gun fired, 1 two pounder, 1 lb powder 27th, departed the Danish ship, 7 guns fired, 7 two pounders, 1 lb powder 30th, an alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 four pounders, 2 three pounders, 2 two pounders, 13 lb powder the same, arrived the Defence, 1 gun fired, 1 two pounder, 1 lb powder 5 hemmers powder expended for priming, 15 lb powder powder to the guard and outer forts, 23 lb powder powder for exercising, 250 lb powder total, 151 guns fired, 4 six pounders, 10 four pounders, 8 three pounders, 106 two pounders, 8 [...], 453 lb powder The remaining gunner's stores stood as follows: match, 17 lb paper, 72 quire handspikes, 14 sponge staves, 10 priming wires, 6 budge barrels, 1 lead shot, 9 lb The account was subscribed by John French, gunner. Interpretations The gunner's account classifies the guns by the weight of shot they threw, the two pounders being the small pieces reserved for salutes and single signal guns to spare the store, and the heavier six, four and three pounders reserved for the alarms, when a bearing had to be answered in earnest. Every arrival and departure of a ship drew its measured salute, the fleet of the season filling the month with them, while the recurring six-gun alarms at Banks's, Prosperous Bay and the road answered strange sail sighted off the island, the whole establishment on the alert through the apprehended war. A budge barrel was a small covered powder cask carried to the guns for safety in handling, and handspikes and sponge staves were the levers and rammers by which the pieces were laid and cleared. The great bulk of the powder, 250 lb of the month's 453 lb, went not on salutes or alarms but on exercising the guns, the garrison drilling its gunnery in earnest as the fortifications were pressed forward, a far heavier expenditure on practice than the ceremonial firing that spent only a pound or two at a time. This marks the island genuinely readying itself to fight rather than merely keeping up appearances, the powder store spent to train the men at the great guns against the danger the surrounding accounts show gathering all through the spring.
36	33	Expence of the General Table in the Month of April 1743 127 Bottles Port Wine 9.10.6 53 Bottles Mountbrin Wine 4.2.6 72 Bottles Red Cape Wine 1.16.- 70 Bottles White Cape Wine 1.-.- 128 Gallons Arrack 12.12.- 240 lb Sugar 2.6.8 76 lb Sugar Candy 1.18.- 4 Bushells Salt 1.-.- 54 Casks Flour 6.2.6 8 Bottles Alenone Oyle 1.-.- 2 Gallons Train Oyle 5.10 4 Do Paper 1.- 11 Gross Corks 1.4.9 4 lb Salt Beef 12.- 4 lb Salt Pork 12.6 1168 lb Fresh Beef 13.7.- 1 Calf p 120 3.-.- 9 Sheep 7.-.- 12 Goates 6.-.- 4 Kidds 1.-.- 3 Hoggs p 178 4.0.- 9 Turkeys 1.15.- 8 Ducks 12.- 17 Fowles 3.10.6 9 Chickens 3.3.- 85.3.- On the 12th Instant Departed our Honble Masters Ship	An account of the expense of the general table in the month of April 1743 followed, each item entered with its sum. 127 bottles port wine, £9 10s 6d 55 bottles mountain wine, £4 2s 6d 92 bottles red cape wine, £4 16s 0d 70 bottles white cape wine, £1 0s 0d 146 gallons arrack, £12 12s 0d 940 lb sugar, £2 6s 8d 76 lb sugar candy, £1 18s 0d 1 bushel salt, £0 4s 0d 5.5 casks flour, £6 2s 6d 8 bottles florence oil, £1 0s 0d 2 gallons sweet oil, £0 5s 10d 1 [...] paper, £0 1s 0d 11 gross corks, £1 4s 9d 1 barrel salt beef, £0 12s 6d 1 barrel salt pork, £0 12s 6d 1,068 lb fresh beef, £13 7s 0d 1 calf, at 120 lb, £3 0s 0d 7 sheep, £7 0s 0d 12 goats, £0 6s 0d 1 kid, £0 1s 0d 3 hogs, at 178 lb, £4 0s 0d 9 turkeys, £1 15s 0d 8 ducks, £0 12s 0d 47 fowls, £3 10s 6d 9 chickens, £0 5s 3d total, £85 3s 0d The council reported that on 12 April the Company's [...] departed. Interpretations The table account records the whole cost of feeding the Governor's establishment for the month, the wine and spirits making up the largest part after the fresh beef, 127 bottles of port and near 300 bottles of wine of several sorts consumed alongside 146 gallons of arrack. Mountain wine was a sweet Spanish wine of Malaga, and the red and white cape wines came from the Dutch settlement at the Cape of Good Hope, the last landfall the homeward ships made before the island, so the table drew its drink from the same shipping the surrounding accounts show calling through the season. Florence oil was a fine olive oil from Tuscany, and the gross of corks in quantity points to the establishment bottling its own wine from the casks it bought. The provision of meat draws directly on the stock account of the same month, the 1,068 lb of fresh beef, seven sheep, twelve goats and three hogs matching the killings entered there, so the table consumed what the herd and flock yielded. The scale of the reckoning, £85 3s for a single month's board, measures the cost of maintaining a governor's table on a remote island wholly dependent on imported wine, oil and flour, the fresh meat found at home but every other comfort carried in by sea and paid for out of the Company's cash.
37	34	Ship Royall Guardian. But gave Captain Benson his Sailing Orders at the Expiration of the Ten Working Days allowed by Charterparty, as related at length in Consultation of the 28th April last, together with our Several Letters to Fortia which are as follows Viz: To the Honourable Richard Benyon Esqr President and Governour &c Council of Fort St George. Honble Sirs We Embrace the opportunity of our Honble Masters Ship Royall Guardian to pay our Respects and at the same time to Acquaint of the Death of Governour Lambert who Died the 30th day of July last, and is Succeeded by George Gabriel Powell Esqr in Trust, untill our Masters further Pleasure is known. The Ships that have arrived with us this Year are as follows Viz: The Tygris arrived the 17th March The Wilmington Ship Liverpool 13th April The Royall Guardian 17th Do A Dane Ship from China 22 Do The Defence 30 Do Walpole 1st May Marlbrough 6th Do Lynn, Augusta, Wilmington Houghton, Prince Mary 7th Do Onslow We thank You for our late Severall Supplyes and Request you will be Pleased to send us for the use of the Ensuing Year as follows Viz: 600 lb Ordinary Cotton Rice for Soldiers 600 Ordinary Long Cloth Sheets for Soldiers 600 lb Patuna Cheena Muslin 18 Firearms Wax Candles The Rest of the are Plant in Sugar Rice & Batavia Arrack We very heartily wish all Success to our Honourable Masters Concerns under Your Direction and are with Regard Honble Sirs St Helena Your Most Obedient Humble Servants 28th April 1743 G G Powell John Godfrey R Wright	The council gave Captain Benson his sailing orders at the expiry of the ten days the charter party allowed, entered at length in the consultation of 21 April last, together with its several letters to India, which ran as follows. The council wrote to Richard Benyon, President and Governor of Fort St George, and his council. It took the chance of the Company's ship Royal Guardian to inform them of the death of Governor Lambert, who died on 10 July last and was succeeded by George Gabriel Powell in the government of the island until the Company's further pleasure should be known. The ships that had arrived that year were as follows. the Tygress, arrived 29 March His Majesty's ship Liverpool, 13 April the Royal Guardian, 17 April a Danish ship from China, 22 April the Defence, 30 April the Walpole, 1 May the Marlborough, 6 May the Lynn, Augusta and Wilmington, together with the Princess Mary and the Onslow, 7 May The council thanked them for its late several supplies and asked them to send for the use of the coming year the following goods. 600 pieces ordinary long cloth blue for the slaves 600 pieces ordinary long cloth shirts for soldiers 108 pieces Dawson coarse muslin 15 hundredweight wax candles The council added that the rest of the supply must be found in sugar, rice and Batavia arrack. The letter was dated at St Helena, 21 April 1743, and subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. Interpretations The letter carries the island's yearly order to the Company's Coromandel presidency at Fort St George, the source from which its cloth, candles and provisions came, and shows St Helena governing its supply a full year ahead by naming exactly what the coming twelvemonth would need. The distinction drawn in the cloth order marks the two populations the establishment clothed, blue long cloth for the Company's slaves and shirting for the garrison, the same division the works accounts show throughout, and the standing want of wax candles that had run through the spring accounts is met here by an order for 15 hundredweight at a stroke, enough to end the shortage that had forced the paymaster to buy at need from passing ships. The formal notice of Governor Lambert's death on 10 July, sent to the neighbouring presidency along with the year's shipping list, records the change of government as a matter to be reported across the Company's eastern settlements, Powell holding the island only until the directors in London named a successor. The list of eleven ships arriving within six weeks measures the concentration of the homeward trade at the island in this one season, the reason its defences were being pressed forward and its guns exercised against the danger of war while so much of the Company's wealth lay in the road at once.
38	35	To the Honourable William Wake Esqr President and Governour &c Council of Bombay Honble Sirs We Embrace the opportunity of our Honble Masters Ship Royall Guardian to pay our Respects and at the same time to Acquaint of the Death of Governour Lambert who Died the 30th day of July last, and is Succeeded by George Gabriel Powell Esqr in Trust, untill our Honourable Masters further Pleasure is known. The Ships that have arrived with us this Year are as follows Viz: The Tygris arrived the 17th March His Majestys Ship Liverpool 13th April The Royall Guardian 17th Do A Dane Ship from China 22 Do The Defence 30th Do Walpole 1st May Marlbrough 6th Do Lynn, Augusta, Wilmington, Houghton 7th Do Princess Mary, Onslow We thank You for our late Several Supplyes and Request You will be Pleased to send us for the use of the Ensuing Year as follows Viz: 10 Hhds of Treble Distilled Goa Arrack The Rest of the are p Cent in Batavia Arrack and Sugar We very heartily wish Success to our Honble Masters Concerns under your Direction and are with Regard Honble Sirs St Helena Your Most Obedient Humble Servants 28th April 1743 G G Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright	The council wrote to William Wake, President and Governor of Bombay, and his council. It took the chance of the Company's ship Royal Guardian to pay its respects and to inform them of the death of Governor Lambert, who died on 20 July last and was succeeded by George Gabriel Powell in the government of the island until the Company's further pleasure should be known. The ships that had arrived that year were as follows. the Tygress, arrived 29 March His Majesty's ship Liverpool, 13 April the Royal Guardian, 17 April a Danish ship from China, 22 April the Defence, 30 April the Walpole, 1 May the Marlborough, 6 May the Lynn, Augusta, Wilmington and Houghton, together with the Princess Mary and the Onslow, 7 May The council thanked them for its late several supplies and asked them to send for the use of the coming year the following goods. 10 leaguers of Goa distilled Goa arrack The council added that the rest of the supply must be found in Batavia arrack and sugar at 10 per cent. The letter was dated at St Helena, 21 April 1743, and subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. Interpretations The council addressed the Company's western presidency at Bombay in the same terms as Fort St George, spreading its yearly order across both Indian seats of government so that no single presidency bore the whole of the island's supply. The order here turns almost entirely on liquor, ten leaguers of Goa arrack, the spirit of the Portuguese Indian coast, with the remainder to come as Batavia arrack and sugar, showing Bombay looked to for drink where Madras furnished the cloth and candles, each presidency supplying what its own trade could best provide. The notice of Governor Lambert's death, sent to Bombay as to Madras, gives the date as 20 July against the 10 July written to Fort St George. The two letters, drafted together and signed the same day by the same three members, carry the day of the governor's death differently, a slip in one of the fair copies rather than any doubt over when he died, the substance being simply that Lambert was dead and Powell held the island pending the directors' choice of a successor.
39	36	To the Honourable Thomas Braddyll Esqr President and Governour &c Council of Bengall Honble Sirs We Embrace this opportunity of our Honourable Masters Ship Royall Guardian to pay our Respects and at the same time to Acquaint of the Death of Governour Lambert who Died the 30th Day of July last, and is Succeeded by George Gabriel Powell Esqr in Trust, untill our Masters further Pleasure is known. The Ships that have arrived with us this Year are as follows Viz: The Tygris arrived the 17th March His Majestys Ship Liverpool 13th April The Royall Guardian 17th Do A Dane Ship from China 22 Do The Defence 30th Do Walpole 1st May Marlbrough 6th Do Lynn, Augusta, Wilmington, Houghton 7th Do Princess Mary, Onslow We thank You for our late Several Supplyes and Request You will be Pleased to send us for the use of the Ensuing Year as follows Viz: 18 Maunds Way Candles about five to the pound The rest of the are p Cent in Sugar, Rice & Batavia Arrack We very heartily wish all Success to our Honourable Masters Concerns under Your Direction, and are with Regard Honble Sirs St Helena Your Most Obedient Humble Servants 28th April 1743 G G Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright.	The council wrote to Thomas Braddyll, President and Governor of Bengal, and his council. It took the chance of the Company's ship Royal Guardian to pay its respects and to inform them of the death of Governor Lambert, who died on 20 July last and was succeeded by George Gabriel Powell in the government of the island until the Company's further pleasure should be known. The ships that had arrived that year were as follows. the Tygress, arrived 29 March His Majesty's ship Liverpool, 13 April the Royal Guardian, 17 April a Danish ship from China, 22 April the Defence, 30 April the Walpole, 1 May the Marlborough, 6 May the Lynn, Augusta, Wilmington and Houghton, together with the Princess Mary and the Onslow, 7 May The council thanked them for its late several supplies and asked them to send for the use of the coming year the following goods. 18 maunds wax candles, about five to the pound The council added that the rest of the supply must be found in sugar, rice and Batavia arrack at 10 per cent. The letter was dated at St Helena, 21 April 1743, and subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. Interpretations The letter to Bengal completes the round of the Company's three eastern presidencies, each written the same day and told the same news, the island dividing its yearly order among Madras, Bombay and Bengal so that its whole supply never rested on one seat of government or one season's shipping from a single coast. The Bengal order is reckoned in maunds, the standard Indian weight of the eastern trade, the wax candles specified at about five to the pound so that Fort William knew the size to send, the same want of candles the spring accounts had pressed now covered from a third source alongside the orders to Madras and Bombay. The candles apart, Bengal was asked for the bulk provisions of sugar, rice and Batavia arrack, the staples of the island's supply, showing each presidency looked to for the same core goods while the finer or particular items were spread according to what each coast furnished best. The three letters together record the machinery by which a small island in the South Atlantic provisioned itself from settlements thousands of miles east, ordering a year ahead and drawing on the whole span of the Company's Indian trade to keep its stores filled.
40	37	To the Worshipfull Robert Jenex Esqr Governour &c Council of Fort Marlbro' Worshipfull Sir and Sirs Agreeable to our Honourable Masters Orders we have Consigned to You p Ship Royall Guardian Sundry Goods and Merchandize as p Invoice and Bill of Laden Inclosed. We lost Governour Lambert the 30th day of July last who is Succeeded by George Gabriel Powell Esqr in Trust until our Honourable Masters further Pleasure is known. The homeward bound Shipping of last Year are arrived safe in England and this Season arrived with us Vizt The Tygris on the 17th March His Majestys Ship Liverpool 13th April The Royall Guardian 17th Do A Dane Ship from China 22 Do The Defence 17th Do Walpole 1st May Marlbrough 6th Do Lynn, Augusta, Wilmington Houghton, Princess Mary, onslow 7th Do Enclosed comes Copy of Ship Royall Guardians Charterparty Some of your Soldiery being Smoaked with the Scurvy we Requested of the Captain to lett 'em come to our Hospitall where the greatest care has been taken of them and we hope it will be a means of their arriving in health with you. We very heartily wish Prosperity to our Honourable Masters Concerns under your Direction, and are Worshipfull Sir & Sirs St Helena Your Most Obedient Humble Servants 28th April 1743 G G Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright.	The council wrote to Robert Lenox, Governor of Fort Marlborough, and his council. Following the Company's orders, it had consigned to them by the Royal Guardian sundry goods and merchandise, as per the invoice and bill of lading enclosed. It informed them of the death of Governor Lambert, who died on 20 July last and was succeeded by George Gabriel Powell in the government of the island until the Company's further pleasure should be known. The homeward bound shipping of last year had arrived safe in England, and the following ships had arrived at the island that year. the Tygress, on 29 March His Majesty's ship Liverpool, 13 April the Royal Guardian, 17 April a Danish ship from China, 22 April the Defence, 30 April the Walpole, 1 May the Marlborough, 6 May the Lynn, Augusta, Wilmington, Houghton, Princess Mary and Onslow, 7 May The council enclosed a copy of the Royal Guardian's charter party. Some of the soldiers being sick, it asked the commander to send them to the island's hospital, where the greatest care would be taken of them and where it hoped they would recover their health before sailing on. The letter was dated at St Helena, 21 April 1743, and subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. Interpretations Fort Marlborough was the Company's pepper settlement at Bencoolen on the west coast of Sumatra, the destination to which the Royal Guardian was bound with the goods the surrounding accounts show loaded at the island, so this letter accompanied a cargo forwarded east rather than merely reporting news. The island served as a staging point on the long route between England and the eastern settlements, receiving goods from the homeward ships and passing them on to the outward-bound, the enclosed bill of lading and charter party the documents by which the consignment and the ship's terms were made good to the receiving fort. The offer to take the ship's sick soldiers into the island's hospital marks a real service the establishment could render the Company's shipping, the hospital founded in the maldives house under Governor Lambert now used to nurse men off the passing vessels so they might go on in health. This turned the island from a mere watering place into a station that mended the Company's servants as well as victualling its ships, the care of the sick offered as freely as the water and provisions, the establishment earning its keep by every means the long sea route demanded.
41	38	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 24 May 1743 at the Castle Present John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The last Consultation was read and approved. This day attended Several Persons and paid for their Purchases at the Outcry of the Effects of the late John Goodwin Esqr deceased which are as follows Viz: Joseph Desfountain £11.6 Giles Hayes 3.3 Ebenezer Leech 1.4.2 John Scott 7.6 Thomas Waldron 10 Nathan Sample 12 William Oakman 2 Matthew Mudge 1.3 Richard Hayes 8 Francis Newland 1.1 £3.14.9 According to the Order in last Consultation this Day attended John Drury and Thomas Brown. But neither of them could pay off their Debts as therefore we could not Grant them their Discharges. On Saturday last the 21 Instant arrived the Britannia Captain John Sennos and brought us the following Supply Viz: Invoice	At a consultation held on Tuesday 24 May 1743 at the castle, the members attending were John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. Several persons attended that day and paid for their purchases at the auction of the effects of the late John Goodwin, each with its sum. Joseph Defountaine, £0 11s 6d Giles Hayes, £0 3s 3d Ebenezer Arch, £1 9s 2d John Scott, £0 7s 6d Thomas Watson, £0 10s 0d Nathan Sample, £0 12s 0d William Oahman, £0 2s 0d Matthew Mudge, £0 1s 3d Richard Harper, £0 8s 0d Francis Newland, £0 1s 1d total, £3 14s 9d Following the order made at the previous meeting, John Drury and Thomas Brown attended that day, but as neither could clear his debt the council would not grant them their discharges. The council reported that on Saturday 21 May the Britannia, Captain John Skinner, arrived, and brought the following supply, set out in an invoice for that ship. Interpretations The two soldiers Drury and Brown, held over from the meeting of 17 May, failed a second time to clear their debts to the Goodwin estate and were again refused their discharges, so the wardship of the dead governor's affairs went on binding time-served men to the island until they paid, the same lever over the garrison the earlier meeting had shown. Drury's earlier claim to set an account against his debt evidently came to nothing, both men now simply unable to satisfy what they owed. The auction receipts, running to trifling sums of a few shillings, show the realisation of Goodwin's attached estate reaching its dregs, his effects sold off piece by piece to the island's own servants and tradesmen more than three years after his death, the same slow gathering-in of his debts and goods that had run through every consultation since 1741. The small change of a governor's estate passing across the council table marks how thoroughly the Company pursued its claim, no sum too small to be entered and receipted against the deficiency he left.
42	39	Invoice p Ship Brittannia Rice Beaten 22 Bags qt 150 Surat Md at Rt 1.2 p Md 225.- Goa Arrack 600 gallons Settle Distilled Viz: 3 Leagers ea Cont 160 gallons is 480 1 Butt 120 600 Gallons at Rupees 26 p 18 gallons 325.- Charges on Merchandize Viz: Sutty Bags 22 for Rice at Rt 2.60 ea 14.1.20 Gunny Do 26 at Rt 3.3 p Cor 1.2.20 Leagers 3 for the Arrack at Rt 2.8 ea 21.- One Butt for Do 6.3.75 Watermalage & Cooley hire on Do 2.3.90 52.3.5 Rupees 602.3.5 Mr George Trevillion Gunner of the Ship Brittannia this day brought on and Delivered us the following Paper Viz: To the Worshipfull Governour Powell and Council of St Helena With Submission Sir Begg leave to lay before Your Honour and the Council, the Case and Cruell Usage of Mr Thomas Sampson on the Party	The supplies of the Britannia were set out in an invoice for that ship, reckoned in madras rupees. rice beaten, 22 bags of 150 sweet weight at 12 rupees 1 anna 2 pies the [...], 225 rupees Goa arrack, 600 gallons, table distilled: 3 leaguers each of 160 gallons, 480 gallons 1 butt, 120 gallons 600 gallons at 26 rupees the 48 gallons, 325 rupees subtotal, 550 rupees Charges of merchandise: dutty bags, 22 for rice at 2 rupees 60 each, 14 rupees 1 anna 20 pies gunny, 26 the same, at 3 rupees 3 pies the [...], 1 rupee 2 annas 20 pies leaguers, 3 for the arrack, at 2 rupees 8 pies each, 24 rupees one butt for the same, 6 rupees 3 annas 75 pies horse mallage and coolie hire for the same, 2 rupees 3 annas 90 pies subtotal, 52 rupees 3 annas 5 pies rupees, 602 rupees 3 annas 5 pies George Trevillion, gunner of the Britannia, brought in a paper that day addressed to Governor Powell and the council. He asked leave to lay before them the ill treatment of Thomas Sampson aboard the ship. Interpretations The Britannia's invoice matches the Lynn's of a fortnight earlier almost line for line, the same rice beaten and Goa arrack at the same prices, showing the same standard parcel of provisions loaded on ship after ship of the season's fleet. Goa arrack noted as table distilled marked the better grade of the Portuguese coast's spirit, fit for the establishment's own table rather than the coarser sort issued to the garrison, entered in the large leaguers and a butt in which spirits crossed the sea. The gunner Trevillion coming ashore to lay a complaint against the treatment of another of the ship's company before the council opens a matter the island had no plain jurisdiction over, a dispute internal to a ship in the road, yet the council entertained such papers throughout this period, hearing the quarrels of passing crews and recording them for the Company even where it could impose no remedy of its own. The complaint of base and cruel usage aboard ship follows the pattern of earlier such hearings, the council serving as a place where a wronged sailor might be heard though the ship and her discipline lay outside its power.
43	40	Party of Mr David Woodward Deceased our former Boatswain of this Present Voyage in the good Ship Brittannia Commanded by John Sennor. He declared when Lying Sick to me and the rest of his Messmates and other Persons several times the kicks and Blows which he had Received of Mr Thomas Sampson was the occasion of his Illness and on his Death Bed Declared his Death was owing to Mr Thomas Sampson and he Departed this Life the 21 of September 1742 on our Passage from Gambroon or Persia towards Bombay, and the said Mr Thomas Sampson the 3 of December last Seized me by my Throat till I was Speechless and have no backwards against a Gun in the waste, and Swore if ever he caught me a Shore and Swore if ever he caught me a Shore, he would have my Life. John Evans Servant to the said Person told William Coxon my Messmate in the hearing of his Father David Coxon our Carpenter his Master and his Brother had Agreed both never to be a Shore, at one time while the Ship was at St Helena, but that if the Doctor Mr Milton or the Gunner went a Shore they would have their Blood or they should have theirs. That I have wrote is Troth and when required will make an Affadavit. Humble begg Your Honour will see the wrongs Righted and put a Stop to their Cruell and Bloody Design, and am with due Respect Your Honours. Humble Servant Geo Trevillion Agreed That next Tuesday we call to our Assistance the Commanders of the Several Ships in the road to hear and Consider of the above Complaint John Godfrey Robt Wright.	George Trevillion set out in his paper the ill treatment of the late David Woodward, formerly boatswain of the Britannia on her present voyage under Captain John Skinner. Woodward, while living, had told him and the rest of his messmates and others several times of the beatings he had received from Thomas Sampson, and on his deathbed declared that his death was owing to Sampson. He died on 5 September 1742 on the passage from Gombroon in Persia toward Bombay. Sampson had also, on 5 December last, seized Trevillion one by one by the throat until he was speechless and bent him backwards against a gun in the waist, straining his loins, and had sworn that if ever he caught him ashore he would have his life. John Evans, servant to Woodward, told William Coxen, in the hearing of his father David Coxen the carpenter, that Sampson and his brother had sworn never to be ashore at one time while the ship lay at St Helena, and that if the doctor Mr Milton or the gunner went ashore they would have their blood or lose their own. Trevillion added that he had put the matter in writing when required to make an affidavit, and asked the council to see the wronged righted and to put a stop to the cruel and bloody design. The paper was subscribed by George Trevillion. The council agreed to call the commanders of the several ships in the road before it the following Tuesday, to hear and consider the complaint. This was subscribed by John Godfrey and Robert Wright. Interpretations The complaint reveals the island drawn into the violent internal quarrels of a ship's company, a matter of a death at sea and threats of murder ashore laid before a council that had no proper jurisdiction over the ship or her crew, yet undertook to hear it by summoning the commanders of the whole fleet in the road. The dead boatswain's deathbed accusation and the sworn threats against the doctor and gunner made the case one of blood, and the council treated it seriously enough to convene the ships' masters, the only authority it could bring to bear being the collective weight of the commanders rather than any power of its own over men aboard a passing vessel. The device the council reached for, calling the several captains together to judge the affair, shows how a station like St Helena kept order among the transient shipping that gathered in its road. It could not try a sailor for a killing on the high seas or bind over a man who threatened murder aboard ship, but it could bring the commanders into a common hearing and lend the dispute a forum, the master of each vessel answerable for his own people and the assembled captains serving as the nearest thing to a court the situation allowed.
44	41	At a Consultation held on Thursday the 26 of May 1743 at the Castle Present Augustus Townshend John Sennor John Scott Captains Robert Osborne John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council Agreeable to our Resolution in last Consultation and to the advice and Opinion of the Governour We Requested of the Several Commanders of our Honourable Masters Ships now in the road, that they would assist us in Council to day Concerning the Disturbance and Uneasiness amongst the Officers on Board Ship Brittannia And the above said Gentlemen were Accordingly Present, and Then appeared before us Mr George Trevillion Gunner of Ship Brittannia Mr John German first mate of said Ship, Mr Warwick Spencer 4th Mate of said Ship, Mr Robert Sutton Gunners Mate of said Ship, Mr William Coxon Joyner of Said Ship, John Evans Servant to Mr Thomas Sampson of said Ship, and Mr David Coxon Carpenter of Said Ship. These Persons were all called in Separately and their Depositions taken in which they have since Sworn and they are as follows Viz: George Trevillion being Sworn and Examined this 26th day of May in the Year 1743. Upon his Oath saith that Mr Thomas Sampson Second mate of the Ship Brittannia took his Deponant by the Throat at Allceberry and kept him so till he was Speechless. She then throws him against a Gunn on the Waste and Kissed his Legues and Swore, if ever he caught him on Shore he would have his Life, and this Deponent saith that he verily believes he goes in Danger of his Life from the said Thomas Sampson, did this Deponent further saith that Mr James Sampson hath at Sundry times abused him greatly by thumping his sides in this Deponents once twice and his Elbow once. George Trevillion Sworn on 26 May 1743. G G Powell Govr John German first mate of the Ship Brittannia being Sworn and Examined this 26th day of May in the Year 1743 Upon his Oath saith that he this Deponent saw Mr Thomas Sampson Second mate of the said Ship Seize Mr George Trevillion Gunner of the said Ship by the Throat at Allceberry. John German Sworn on 26 May 1743. G G Powell Govr	At a consultation held on Thursday 26 May 1743 at the castle, the members attending were John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council, together with the captains Augustus Townshend, John Skinner, John Todd and Robert Osborne. Following its resolution at the previous meeting, and the advice of the commanders of the several ships in the road that they would attend the council that day, the council took up the disturbance and quarrel among the officers aboard the Britannia, and the above commanders attended for that purpose. There appeared before the council George Trevillion, gunner of the Britannia, Edward Spencer, fourth mate, Robert Watkin, fifth mate, John Evans, servant to Thomas Sampson, and David Coxen, carpenter. These persons were called in separately and their depositions taken, to which they had since sworn, and which ran as follows. George Trevillion, sworn and examined on 26 May 1743, deposed on oath that Thomas Sampson, second mate of the Britannia, had seized him by the throat at Aldbury and held him until he was speechless, then bent him against a gun in the waist, straining his loins, and had sworn that if ever he caught him ashore he would have his life. He said he truly believed his life was in danger from Sampson, and further that James Sampson had at sundry times beaten him greatly, twice running his head against the deponent's face and his elbow against him. This was sworn before the council on 31 May 1743, before George Gabriel Powell, Governor. John Geeman, third mate of the Britannia, sworn and examined on 26 May 1743, deposed on oath that he saw James Sampson, second mate of the ship, seize George Trevillion, the gunner, by the throat at Aldbury. This was sworn before the council on 31 May 1743, before George Gabriel Powell, Governor. Interpretations The council enlarged its board with four ship commanders to hear the affair, having no standing authority over a passing crew, so that the masters of the fleet in the road sat alongside the two councillors as the nearest thing to a competent court, the collective weight of the commanders supplying the jurisdiction the council itself lacked over men aboard a vessel merely watering at the island. The care taken to call each witness separately and to swear every deposition shows the council treating the matter with the full form of a judicial inquiry, the gunner and the ship's mates examined one by one and their evidence set down and sworn before the Governor. The place named as Aldbury marks the assault as one committed at sea or at an earlier port rather than at the island, the quarrel carried into the road at St Helena where it threatened to break into bloodshed ashore. The council's whole concern was to prevent that, the depositions gathering proof of the threats and beatings so that the danger to the gunner's life could be laid before the assembled commanders and checked before the ships parted, a station keeping the peace among the transient shipping the only way open to it, through the authority of the masters over their own men.
45	42	Edward Spencer fourth mate of the Ship Brittannia being Sworn and Examined this 26th day of May 1743 Upon his Oath saith that he this Deponent saw Mr Thomas Sampson in Allceberry Also Seize Mr George Trevillion Gunner of the said Ship by the Throat and hold him there till he was black in the Face and then throw him against a Gunn on the waste, and this Deponent further saith that he saw Mr James Sampson Chief mate of the said Ship Kick his head and Elbow into the said Gunners face once or Twice. Edward Spencer Sworn on 26 May 1743 G G Powell Govr Robert Millin fifth mate of the Ship Brittannia being Sworn and Examined this 26th day of May in the Year 1743 Upon his Oath saith that he this Deponent hath heard Mr Thomas Sampson Second mate of the said Ship Swear Severall times that if ever he caught Mr George Trevillion Gunner of the said Ship on Shore, he would have his Life out. Robert Millin Sworn on 26 May 1743 G G Powell Govr William Coxon Joyner of the Ship Brittannia being Sworn and Examined this 26th day of May in the Year 1743 Upon his Oath saith that he this Deponent saw Mr Thomas Sampson in Allceberry Also Seize Mr George Trevillion Gunner of the said Ship by the Throat and threw him against a Gunn in the waste. And this Deponent further saith that he heard the said Mr Thomas Sampson say when standing upon the Beams that he would jump down the said Gunners Throat and haul his Liver out. William Coxon Sworn on 26 May 1743 G G Powell Govr John Evans Servant to the said Mr Thomas Sampson Second mate of the Ship Brittannia being Sworn and Examined this 26th day of May in the Year 1743 Upon his Oath saith that he did hear the said Mr Thomas Sampson say that if ever he caught Mr George Trevillion Gunner of the said Ship on Shore he would use him ftc. and further this Deponent saith not. Sworn on 26 May 1743 G G Powell Govr John Evans	Edward Spencer, fourth mate of the Britannia, sworn and examined on 26 May 1743, deposed on oath that he saw Thomas Sampson, second mate, seize George Trevillion, the gunner, by the throat at Aldbury and hold him until he was black in the face, then bend him against a gun in the waist. He further deposed that he saw James Sampson, chief mate, run his head and elbow into the gunner's face once or twice. This was sworn before the council on 31 May 1743, before George Gabriel Powell, Governor. Robert Milton, sixth mate of the Britannia, sworn and examined on 26 May 1743, deposed on oath that he had heard Thomas Sampson, second mate, say several times that if ever he caught George Trevillion, the gunner, ashore he would have his life. This was sworn before the council on 31 May 1743, before George Gabriel Powell, Governor. William Coxen, joiner of the Britannia, sworn and examined on 26 May 1743, deposed on oath that he saw Thomas Sampson seize George Trevillion, the gunner, by the throat at Aldbury and bend him against a gun. He further deposed that he heard Sampson say, when standing on the gun, that he would jump down the gunner's throat and have his life. This was sworn before the council on 31 May 1743, before George Gabriel Powell, Governor. John Evans, servant to Thomas Sampson, second mate of the Britannia, sworn and examined on 26 May 1743, deposed on oath that he did hear Sampson say that if ever he caught George Trevillion, the gunner, ashore he would use him ill. He had nothing further to depose. This was sworn before the council on 31 May 1743, before George Gabriel Powell, Governor. Interpretations The four depositions build a consistent account from independent witnesses, the ship's mates, joiner and Sampson's own servant each swearing to the same assault at Aldbury and the same threats against the gunner's life, the council gathering corroboration from every quarter before laying the matter before the assembled commanders. That Sampson's own servant was made to swear against his master shows the council reaching for the fullest proof it could obtain, taking the evidence of a man bound to the accused rather than resting on the gunner's friends alone. The threats sworn to, that Sampson would have the gunner's life if he caught him ashore, are precisely what made the case the council's business, the danger being that a quarrel carried from the sea would end in a killing on the island's ground while the ship lay in the road. The whole inquiry aimed at forestalling that, the sworn record of the threats furnishing the ground on which the commanders could be pressed to keep the two men apart and answerable, a station without jurisdiction over a ship's discipline still able to compel the evidence and set the danger plainly before those who did hold that power.
46	43	David Coxon Carpenter of the Ship Brittannia being Sworn and Examined this 26th Day of May in the Year 1743 Upon his Oath saith that he saw Mr Thomas Sampson in Allceberry Also Seize Mr George Trevillion Gunner of the said Ship by the Throat and Kick him against a Gunn in the waste, and this Deponent further saith that he saw Mr James Sampson Chief mate of the said Ship Kick his head and Elbow into the said Gunners face. David Coxon Sworn on 26 May 1743 G G Powell Govr Mr George Trevillion Requested of us that he might go on Board another of the Honourable Companys Ships in order to take his Passage to England, for that he verily believes he goes in Danger of his Life on Board the Ship Brittannia And that he is very willing his Wages should cease at the time he leaves the said Ship Brittannia. There likewise appeared before us Mr James Sampson Chief mate and Mr Thomas Sampson Second mate of Ship Brittannia. Mr James Sampson being Examined in Relation to what George Trevillion and others hath alledged Concerning him, he saith as follows Viz: That his Reason for using the Gunner Mr George Trevillion in the manner he is desired, was for Denying his Duty on Board the Ship Brittannia for that one day calling from the Quarter Deck to the said George Trevillion and Desireing him to go into the Gunn room for something that was then wanted, he Immediately Damn'd him and said that he would not go down into the Gunn room and knock over Chests and break his Shins for him, and that if he wanted any thing from thence he might go and fetch it himself, and further Said in an Insulting manner that he Defied to see him in Chains. Mr Thomas Sampson then being Asked what he had to say with Regard to the Charge Compleaint laid against them by George Trevillion, and Proved by others as afsd, he answered That he was Entirely a Stranger and Quite Innocent of that	David Coxen, carpenter of the Britannia, sworn and examined on 26 May 1743, deposed on oath that he saw Thomas Sampson seize George Trevillion, the gunner, by the throat and bend him against a gun in the waist. He further deposed that he saw James Sampson, chief mate, run his head and elbow into the gunner's face. This was sworn before the council on 31 May 1743, before George Gabriel Powell, Governor. George Trevillion asked the council to place him aboard another of the Company's ships to take his passage to England, saying he truly believed his life was in danger aboard the Britannia, and that he was willing his wages should cease from the time he left her. James Sampson, chief mate, and Thomas Sampson, second mate, then appeared before the council. James Sampson, examined in answer to what Trevillion and the others had alleged against him, stated that his reason for using the gunner as he had was Trevillion's neglect of duty aboard the ship. One day, calling from the quarterdeck for him to go into the gunroom for something then wanted, Trevillion had at once answered with oaths and curses and told him that if he wanted anything from there he might go and fetch it himself, and had further said, in an insulting manner, that he hoped to see him in chains. Thomas Sampson, asked what he had to say to the charge and complaint laid against him by Trevillion and proved by the others, answered that he was entirely a stranger and quite ignorant of [...]. Interpretations The gunner's request to be shipped home in another vessel, giving up his wages from the day he left, reveals how a man in fear of his life aboard ship could look to the council for relief, not by any judgement on the assault but by the practical remedy of a passage in another of the fleet in the road. The offer to forgo his wages shows the seriousness of his fear, a sailor surrendering the earnings of the voyage rather than sail on with the men who had threatened him, and the council able to grant it only because so many of the Company's ships lay together at the island at once. The turn to the accused men's answers opens the other side of the quarrel, James Sampson justifying his violence by the gunner's insolence and neglect, the exchange of oaths from the quarterdeck and the taunt about chains, so that the dispute appears as a collision of shipboard authority and a subordinate's defiance rather than mere brutality. The council, hearing both the sworn charges and the officers' defence, weighed a matter of ship's discipline it had no power to settle, its role confined to recording the rival accounts and finding a way to separate the men before the fleet dispersed and the threats could be made good ashore.
47	44	what the said Mr George Trevillian and others as above mentioned hath Accused him of. Agreed to Adjourn all next Tuesday then to Enquire further into the affair. Augustus Townshend John Todd. Robert Osborne John Sennor John Godfrey Robt Wright At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 31 May 1743 at the Castle Present George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council Augustus Townshend John Sennor Isaac Worth John Todd Captains Robert Osborne Ralph Congreve The Last Consultation was read and approved Agreeable to our Resolution of Thursday last We meet this day in Order to Enquire further into the Merritts of the Case between Mr Trevillion Gunner and James and Thomas Sampson's Chief and Second Mates of Ship Brittannias, and upon Strict Enquiry we find, Mr Thomas Sampson to be the Chief Agressor, and the Person who is Principally Obnoxious to his Ship mates for his Cruelty to them during the Voyage and therefore we sent for Mr James Sampson the Chief mate, and told him that with us he stands Acquitted with Respect to the Compleaint made against	Thomas Sampson answered that he was entirely a stranger and quite ignorant of what Trevillion and the others had accused him of. The council agreed to adjourn to the following Tuesday, then to inquire further into the affair. This was subscribed by John Godfrey and Robert Wright, together with the captains Augustus Townshend, John Todd, Robert Osborne and John Skinner. At a consultation held on Tuesday 31 May 1743 at the castle, the members attending were Governor George Gabriel Powell, styled Deputy Governor, John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council, together with the captains Augustus Townshend, John Skinner, Isaac Worth, John Todd, Robert Osborne and Ralph Congreve. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. Following its resolution of the previous Thursday, the council met that day to inquire further into the merits of the case between Trevillion the gunner and James and Thomas Sampson, chief and second mates of the Britannia. On strict inquiry it found Thomas Sampson to be the chief aggressor, and the person who was principally vexatious to his shipmates and cruel to them during the voyage. The council therefore sent for James Sampson, the chief mate, and told him that as to the complaint made against him, he stood acquitted before it. Interpretations The council enlarged its board still further for the second hearing, six commanders now sitting with the three councillors, the growing number of masters marking the weight given to a matter it could resolve only through their collective authority over the ships and men in the road. The distinction it drew between the two Sampsons, acquitting the chief mate James while fixing on the second mate Thomas as the chief aggressor, shows the inquiry doing real judicial work despite its want of jurisdiction, sifting the evidence to separate the man merely defending his authority from the one whose cruelty and threats had made the case. The finding against Thomas Sampson as principally vexatious and cruel throughout the voyage frames the quarrel not as a single flare of temper but as a settled pattern of ill usage, the boatswain Woodward's death and the gunner's beatings parts of one course of conduct. The council, having gathered its proof, moved to judgement in the only form open to it, clearing the innocent man before the assembled masters and leaving the guilty one marked, its whole power lying in the record it made and the pressure the commanders could bring rather than in any sentence it could pass on a sailor of a passing ship.
48	45	against him by Mr Trevillion finding that what he did in Allceberry Road, was but to Preserve the Command and Decorum on Board the Ship when Mr Trevillion Damn'd him and Refused to do his Duty. The following Petition was this day laid before Us Viz: To the Governour and Council of St Helena The Humble Petition of the Company of the Ship Brittannia. Humbly Sheweth, that Your Petitioners in the Course of the Voyage the whole Ships Company have been very Ill used but and Abused by our first and Second Mates and we are afraid will Continence if not Stoped in time, We therefore begg You will take it into Consideration and call the said Mates Mr James and Thomas Sampson before You to answer to such Abuses and Ill Usages and we shall on Affadavit Lay to their Charge, and make no doubt but your Goodness will Pitty and Redress our Grievances we have so long Laboured under And your Petitioners shall as in Duty bound ever Pray. (Signed) The mark of + Cornelius Manning Thomas Lee Samuel Corrie George Jaques George [...]dius James Hornibe Martin Holm Peter Mattison The mark of + Peter Powter John Roudwon The mark of + Thomas Mecall The mark of + Bann: Neal William Gibbs Henry Glass David Collier The mark of + Henry Davis John Swinton Samuel Graham The mark of + Haas Flausterberry John Street Hans Ohman Rich: Stevens The mark of + Edward Cornealus John Simmonds John Prendel Thomas Perior John Gundry The Mark of + John Thomas James Gill The Mark of + Samuel Mackes Jan: Lettemeyer Upon Reading the above We are Surprized at so General a Compleant, and the Petitioners Attending at the Castle, We thought proper	The council found against Thomas Sampson because Trevillion had shown that what he did in the road at Aldbury was to preserve the command and good order aboard the ship when Trevillion defied him and refused his duty. The following petition was laid before the council that day, addressed to the Governor and council of St Helena. The whole company of the Britannia set out that on the voyage they had all been very ill used and abused by their first and second mates, and feared worse would follow if it were not checked in time. They asked the council to take the matter up and to call the two mates, James and Thomas Sampson, before it to answer for these abuses, undertaking to prove the charges by affidavit, and trusted the council would pity and redress the grievances they had so long suffered under. The petition was signed by the ship's company, whose names were set around a written circle: James Fill Samuel Whaler, his mark John Thomas, his mark John Hunn Thomas Eror John Everard John Fanning Richard Stevens Hans Ohman John Street Haas Hausterberry, his mark Samuel Graham John Swinton, his mark Henry Davis, his mark David Cotter Henry Glass William Gibbs Barnaby Neal, his mark Thomas Mecall, his mark Peter Powter, his mark John Roudwon Peter Mattison Martin Holm James Hornby George Egidius George Jaques Samuel Corie Thomas Lee Cornelius Manning, his mark John Thomas, his mark Samuel Markes, his mark James Gill John Gundry Thomas Perior John Prendel John Simmonds Edward Cornelius, his mark Rich Stevens Hans Ohman John Street Jan Vellmeijer On reading the petition the council expressed surprise at so general a complaint, and as the petitioners were attending at the castle it thought it best to consider the matter further. Interpretations The whole crew's petition against both mates transforms the affair from the single quarrel between Trevillion and Thomas Sampson into a ship-wide charge of tyranny, the entire company setting their names against the officers and putting the council in the position of a court hearing a mutiny of complaint rather than an assault. The council's expressed surprise at so general a grievance shows it weighing the difference between one man's beating and a collective revolt against the ship's discipline, a matter far graver and still further outside its jurisdiction over a vessel merely lying in the road. The names are set not in a list but around a written circle, a round robin, the device by which sailors subscribed a common complaint so that no man appeared at its head and none could be singled out as the ringleader. This deliberate form, with the marks of the unlettered ranged among the signatures of those who could write, was the classic protection of the lower deck against a charge of leading a conspiracy, every subscriber equally placed on the ring, and its appearance here marks the crew acting in concert and shielding one another against the reprisal that fixing on a first signatory would invite.
49	46	Proper to call them in Separately and Enquire of the Particulars of their Grievances each and every of'em made Heavy Complaints against Messrs James and Thomas Sampson the Chief and Second mates of Ship Brittannia for their Cruell and Severe Treatment to them the Seamen during the Term of the Voyage beating and abusing them in a most Extravagant Degree, for no other Cause than to Gratifie their own Inclinations, with Weapons wholly unfitt to be made use of on such Occasions such as Puncheon Staves large Canes thick Ropes and other times throwing them down upon Deck, and kicking and Stamping upon them, and threatning to beat them untill they Jump over board. Some of the People Compleaint to Us that they still Laboured under great Disorders from the Severe hackings and Bruices that they have Received from these two Officers but most particularly from Mr Thomas Sampson the Second mate whose Violence they will no longer bear and Declared that if he Continued in the Ship they would Rather Suffer Death or be Slaves to the Company here, than Proceed upon the Ship knowing themselves to every hour in Danger of their Lives, the People appearing to Us to be Resolved and Ready in their Resolution. We after they were all Examined and Withdrawn Seriously Considered what best was to be done for the well getting home of the Ship Brittannia. Captain Sennor being Asked of none of these Irregularitys had never come to his Ears during the Term of the Voyage, said that he had spoke to the Sampsons once or twice about it, and Advised another kind of Behaviour and in the whole to his knowledge the People had great Cause of Complaint. Whereupon We Unanimously Agreed that more Especially at this Uncertain Situation of Affairs in Europe and for the greater Security of our Honourable Masters Estate on Board, the Differences should be Reconciled and the People made Easy on Board the Ship Brittannia, and as the People on Board the said Ship have Seriously Declared they will not Proceed in the Ship if they are Still to Labour under the Cruelty of Mr Thomas Sampson We therefore finding as Captain Sennor hath told us, that the People have indeed great Cause of Complaint from the Cruelty and Ill Usage of the said Mr Thomas Sampson, We think it Absolutely Necessary	The council thought it best to call the crew in separately and inquire into the particulars of their grievances. Each of them made heavy complaints against James and Thomas Sampson, the chief and second mates of the Britannia, for their cruel and severe treatment throughout the voyage, the beating and abusing them in a most outrageous manner for no other cause than to gratify their own inclinations. They had assaulted them with weapons unfit for such use, throwing puncheon staves, large canes, thick ropes and other things upon them on deck, wounding and straining them, and threatening to beat them until they jumped overboard. Some of the crew complained that they still suffered from the injuries and bruises they had received from the two officers, but chiefly from Thomas Sampson, whose violence they would no longer bear. They declared that if he continued aboard they would rather suffer death, or become slaves to the Company, than sail in the ship, knowing themselves in danger of their lives every hour. The crew appeared resolute and steady in this resolution. After they were all examined and had withdrawn, the council considered seriously what could best be done to get the ship safely home. Captain Skinner, asked why none of these irregularities had come to his ears during the voyage, answered that he had spoken to the Sampsons two or three times about it, had advised a different kind of behaviour, and knew that the crew had great cause of complaint. The council then unanimously agreed that, especially in the present uncertain state of affairs in Europe and for the greater safety of the Company's property aboard, the dispute should be settled and the crew made easy aboard the Britannia. The crew having seriously declared they would not sail if they were still to serve under Thomas Sampson, and the council finding from Captain Skinner that they had great cause of complaint from the cruelty and ill usage of Thomas Sampson, it held it absolutely necessary to act. Interpretations The crew's threat that they would rather die or become slaves to the Company than sail on under Thomas Sampson gave the council its lever, turning a complaint of ill usage into a refusal of duty that endangered the ship itself, and the council took it seriously enough to treat the sailing of a homeward vessel as the matter at stake. That the men would name slavery as preferable to remaining under the mate measures both the reality of their fear and the peculiar setting, a council that held its own establishment of slaves hearing free sailors offer to enter that condition rather than serve, the comparison drawn on the island where the difference between free and unfree labour was daily before every eye. The reason the council gave for acting was not justice to the crew but the safety of the Company's property in a time of threatened war, the homeward ship laden with the Company's goods and unable to sail if her people would not work her. Captain Skinner's admission that he had known of the abuse all along and merely spoken to the mates exposed the master's failure to govern his own officers, and left the council, though without jurisdiction over the ship, as the only body able to break the deadlock, its concern throughout the security of a valuable cargo rather than the wrongs of the men who carried it.
50	47	Necessary for the well being of the Ship and our Honourable Masters Estate on Board that this Mr Thomas Sampson so Violent and Disagreeable a Man to the Ships Company in General, be Discharged the said Ship nor Suffered to Proceed to England in her, and therefore We wrote Captain Sennor the following Letter Viz: To Captain John Sennor Commander of Ship Brittannia Sir Upon the Complaint of your Gunner Mr George Trevillion laid before this Board on Thursday the 26 Instant and likewise upon the Complaint of Thirty one of the Seamen belonging to Your Ship Presented this day to the Board against Your Chief and Second Mates Messrs James and Thomas Sampson's but Cheifly and in high Degree against Mr Thomas Sampson for his Cruell Treatment to them during the Voyage. The People Declareing upon their Examination that they held themselves in Danger of their Lives on Board the Ship Brittannia from the Violence and Severity of the said Mr Thomas Sampson nor will they go home in the Ship upon any Terms if the said Mr Thomas Sampson is Permitted to Continue in her. We therefore Unanimously Agree, and are of Opinion that for the well getting home of the Ship and the greater safety and Security of our Honourable Masters Estate on Board, and likewise as the Readiest means to heal the Disorders and Uneasinesses amongst the Officers and People on Board that in Case of Need their best Assistance may be safely Relyed upon We think it Absolutely Necessary that the said Mr Thomas Sampson be Divested of any Command in Board the Ship Brittannia, and be Immediately Discharged from said Ship. We are Sir Your Most Humble Servants Augustus Townshend John Sennor Isaac Worth John Todd Robert Osborne Ralph Congrave G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright	The council held it necessary, for the good of the ship and the Company's property aboard, that Thomas Sampson, being so violent and disagreeable a man to the ship's company in general, be discharged from the ship and not allowed to sail to England in her. It therefore wrote Captain Skinner the following letter. The council wrote to John Skinner, commander of the Britannia. On the complaint of his gunner George Trevillion, laid before the board on Thursday 26 May, and on the further complaint of thirty of the seamen belonging to his ship presented that day against the chief and second mates James and Thomas Sampson, but chiefly and in high degree against Thomas Sampson for his cruel treatment of them during the voyage, the crew having declared on their examination that they held themselves in danger of their lives aboard the ship from the violence and severity of Thomas Sampson, and that they would not sail home in her on any terms if he were allowed to remain aboard, the council unanimously agreed and held that, for getting the ship safely home, for the greater safety of the Company's property aboard, and as the readiest means to settle the disorder and quarrel among the officers and crew, so that in case of need their best assistance might be safely relied upon, it was absolutely necessary that Thomas Sampson be removed from any command aboard the Britannia and immediately discharged from her. The letter was subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright, and by the captains Augustus Townshend, John Skinner, Isaac Worth, John Todd, Robert Osborne and Ralph Congreve. Interpretations The council's order removing Thomas Sampson from the ship marks the practical limit of what a station could do with a shipboard tyrant, unable to try or punish him but able, through the assembled authority of the fleet's commanders, to strip him of his command and turn him off the vessel so that she could sail with a willing crew. The remedy fell on the ship rather than the man, the mate discharged not as a sentence for his cruelty but as the means of getting a valuable homeward vessel to sea, his removal justified throughout by the safety of the Company's property and the danger that a mutinous crew posed to it in time of war. The letter's insistence that in case of need the crew's best assistance might be relied upon reveals what the council feared most, a ship in an enemy sea whose people would not fight or work her because they were held under an officer they hated, the readiness of the men to defend the Company's goods bought only by removing the source of their grievance. The document, subscribed by the three councillors and all six commanders together, shows the collective authority the island brought to bear where it had no jurisdiction of its own, the masters of the whole fleet joining their names to force a single captain to part with an officer for the safety of the trade they all served.
51	48	We then Called before us Mr Thomas Sampson and Read to him the above Letter not without Telling him the Injury and Prejudice he had done the Ships Company as well as his Employers. We next called before us the Thirty one Seamen who Petitioned Us, and Acquainted them that Mr Thomas Sampson was no Longer an Officer on Board the Brittannia; upon which the People seemed greatly Revived and upon our Orders Immediately Returned on Board their Ship, and Promised to Execute their Duty there very Cheerfully. Mr James Sampson the Chief Mate being called before us was told of the Peoples Compleaint against him for his Cruell Treatment to them during the Voyage, but that upon Examination We found that either they never swore to any against him yet they Acct Signify at his Brother. We advised him to behave more Discreetly towards the Officers and Men Sailing under him During the Remainder of the Voyage, and keep up and Preserve a Harmony on Board that so if they should be attacked they might Depend upon this best Endeavours of each other for their Mutuall Defence And withall Acquainted him that we had Requested of the Captain to keep a Watchfull Eye during the Passage home, to Prevent any such like Violences and Cruelys on Board his Ship as has been heretofore. G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright.	The council then called Thomas Sampson before it and read him the letter, telling him plainly of the injury and injustice he had done the ship's company as well as his employers. The council next called before it the thirty-one seamen who had petitioned, and told them that Thomas Sampson was no longer an officer aboard the Britannia. At this the crew seemed greatly pleased, and on the council's orders returned at once aboard their ship, promising to do their duty there cheerfully. James Sampson, the chief mate, was then called before the council and told of the crew's complaint against him for his cruel treatment of them during the voyage. But on examination the council found that, though they had much to say against him, they were not nearly so severe against him as against his brother. It advised him to behave more discreetly toward the officers and men serving under him for the remainder of the voyage, to keep up harmony aboard, and to see that all aboard should be attached to one another, that they might depend on each other's best endeavours for their mutual defence. It told him further that it had asked the captain to keep a watchful eye during the passage home, to prevent any such violence and cruelty aboard his ship as had happened before. This was subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. Interpretations The whole business closes on the practical settlement the council had aimed at throughout, the offending mate removed, the crew satisfied and sent back to their duty, and the ship able to sail home with willing hands. The immediate return of the men to their work the moment they learned Sampson was discharged shows how narrowly the danger had turned on the one officer, the threatened refusal of duty dissolving at once when its single cause was taken away, the council's remedy proving exactly matched to the grievance. The lighter treatment of James Sampson, warned and left in his place while his brother was put off the ship, completes the distinction the inquiry had drawn between an officer who used his authority roughly and one whose cruelty had become intolerable, the council calibrating its action to the weight of the evidence against each man. The reason it gave the chief mate, that all aboard must depend on one another for their mutual defence, returns to the fear that governed the whole affair, a ship in an enemy sea needing a united company, so that the council's parting concern was less the justice of the past voyage than the security of the one to come, the peace of the lower deck bound up with the safety of the Company's property in a time of war.
52	49	At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 1st of June 1743 at the Castle Present George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was read and approved In Obedience to the 8th Paragraph of our Honourable Masters Orders p Royall Guardian We this day Examined the Journal Parcells for the month of April last which we Intended to have done Yesterday but the Business of Ship Brittannia kept us from it, hereafter We shall observe a Strict Compliance with our Order of Council to bring them in the Third Tuesday of every Month. The Journal Parcells for the Month of April is as follows Viz: Account Current Dr To Sundry Accounts £362.17.- For the following Goods Consigned to us by the Honourable Company on the Ship Royall Guardian Captain William Earl Brown from London as p Invoice Dated January the 7 1742 Viz: Stationaryware Viz: Names, £ 2 Reams Superfine Royalls DWG 6.1.- 2 Do Superfine Demy DWQ 3.6.- 2 Do MW 3.2.8 7 Do Superfine Foolscap at 17s6d 6.5.5 3 Do (English) 1.9.8 7 Do Superfine Kings Arms at 15s6d 1.14.5 1 Ledger fol 3½ Quires Superfine Royall Ruled Vell 1.14.1 3 Reams Superfine Kings Arms English 1.9.8 Stationaryware Carried over £31.6.3	At a consultation held on Wednesday 1 June 1743 at the castle, the members attending were Governor George Gabriel Powell, styled Deputy Governor, John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. Following the eighth paragraph of the Company's orders by the Royal Guardian, the council examined that day the journal parcels for the month of April last, which it had meant to do the previous day, but the business of the Britannia had prevented it. It resolved that from then on it would strictly comply with its own order to bring the journal parcels in on the second Tuesday of every month. The journal parcels for the month of April stood as follows, being the account current for the goods consigned to the island by the Company aboard the Royal Guardian, Captain William Paul Benson, from London, as per invoice dated 7 January 1742, the whole running to £362 17s [...]. Stationery ware: 2 reams superfine royal, £6 1s 0d 2 reams superfine demy, £3 6s 0d 2 reams the same, £3 2s 8d 7 reams superfine foolscap at 4s 5d, £6 5s 5d 3 reams the same, English, £4 9s 8d 7 reams superfine king's arms at 4s 5d, £4 4s 5d 4 ledges of 3.5 quires superfine royal ruled yet, £4 4s 9d 3 reams superfine king's arms English, £4 9s 8d stationery ware carried over, £31 6s 5d Interpretations The consultation records the council submitting itself to the audit routine the Company had laid down, examining the journal parcels month by month to keep its accounts current, the eighth paragraph of the directors' orders binding it to a regular reckoning of exactly the kind whose absence had produced the great deficiency of 1741. The interruption of the fixed audit day by the Britannia affair, and the council's resolution to keep strictly to the second Tuesday thereafter, show how seriously the establishment now held the discipline of regular accounting after the frauds that had gone undetected for want of it. The stationery invoice values the several grades of writing paper the Company shipped for the island's own business, royal, demy, foolscap and king's arms being sizes of sheet distinguished by their watermarks, the king's arms and royal the larger and finer. That a remote factory needed reams of fine ruled paper measures the sheer volume of writing its government demanded, every consultation, account, deposition and letter set down in a fair hand and copied, so that paper itself was a standing charge to be ordered from London by the ream like any other store.
53	50	Stationaryware Brought over £31.6.3 2 Journals fol 3 Quires Ruled for Lines 3.6.- 1000 Large Dutch Quills 1.6.5 1000 Do Ordinary 1.6.3 4 doz best Black Lead Pencils 11.- 4 doz Jerry Pennknives 1.19.7 1 lb Superfine Wax 1.2.- 3 lb Best Pounce 3.6.- 5 Reams Dutch Cartridge 1.9.5 5 Do 1.1.5 3 Chest at 18/8 each 2.16.- Stationaryware Amounts to £52.18.2 Soldiers Cloths Viz: 100 Centinells Loopd Coates at 23s4d ea 113.8.4 6 fine Blue Do faced with Scarlet for Matlofses at 30s6d ea 9.3.- 39 doz & 6 yards White Lace 2.8.2 1 Case bound with Iron 1.13.- Soldiers Cloths Amounts to £138.14.6 Brazierware Viz: 12 Copper Boyling Potts and Covers Rated from 10 Gallons down to 3. Wt 240 lb at 17½ p lb 17.12.11 4 large Strong Copper Fish pans & Covers 3.8.2 4 Do Ditto 2.4.- 4 Do Ditto 1.7.10 4 Do Saucepans and Covers 2 of 3 & 2 of 4 Quarts 2.4.- 4 Do Top of 3 Quarts and 5 Ints 1.4.2 4 Do of 2 Quarts and 3 Ints 15.5 10 Do Large Brass Candlesticks 3.6.- 8 Large Slab Spring Do 1.6.5 6 Do 16.6 6 Do 14.10 2 Casks 18.8 Brazierware Amounts to £35.18.11 Carried over £219.11.7	The stationery ware account continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £31 6s 5d. 2 journals of 2 quires ruled by lines, £3 6s 0d 1,000 large Dutch quills, £1 6s 5d 1,000 the same, clarified, £1 6s 5d 4 dozen best black lead pencils, £0 11s 0d 4 dozen ivory penknives, £1 10s 9d 4 the same, superfine wax, £1 2s 0d 5 lb best pounce, £0 3s 6d 5 reams Dutch cartridge, £4 9s 5d 5 the same, £1 1s 5d 3 chests at 18s 8d each, £2 16s 0d stationery ware amounts to, £52 18s 2d Soldiers' clothes: 100 coloured looped coats at 22s 8d each, £113 8s 4d 6 fine blue coats faced with scarlet for the mattrosses at 30s each, £9 3s 0d 39 yards and 6 yards white lace, £2 8s 2d 1 case bound with iron, £1 13s 0d soldiers' clothes amounts to, £128 14s 6d Braziers' ware: 12 copper boiling pots and covers holding from 10 gallons down to 3, weight 249 lb at 1s 7d the pound, £19 12s 11d 1 large strong copper hash pan and cover, £3 8s 2d 1 the same, less, £2 4s 0d 1 the same, less, £1 7s 10d 1 the same, saucepans and covers 2 of 5 quarts and 1 of 4 quarts, £2 4s 0d 1 the same, less, of 3 quarts and 3 pints, £1 4s 2d 1 the same, of 2 quarts and 3 pints, £0 15s 5d 10 the same, large brass candlesticks, £3 6s 0d 8 large flat spring the same, £1 6s 5d 6 the same, £0 10s 6d 6 the same, £0 14s 10d 2 casks, £0 18s 8d braziers' ware amounts to, £35 18s 11d carried over, £217 11s 9d Interpretations The three heads of goods measure the range of manufactures a remote factory drew from England, the writing materials, the garrison's clothing and the copper and brass kitchen ware all shipped ready-made from home because the island produced none of them. Pounce was a fine powder of powdered cuttlebone or gum sandarac, dusted on paper to keep ink from spreading and to prepare a surface for writing, and Dutch cartridge was a stout paper used for wrapping and for gun cartridges, the stationery order thus serving both the counting house and the ordnance. The soldiers' clothes fix the cost of uniforming the garrison, a hundred looped coats for the common soldiers and six finer blue coats faced with scarlet for the mattrosses of the artillery, the regimentals the pay accounts had charged against each man now seen as a single bulk consignment from London. The braziers' ware, graded copper pots and pans by capacity down to the pint and brass candlesticks by the dozen, restocked the establishment's kitchens and answered directly the bareness the council had complained of days before, when the castle could not find three cups of its own and bought china from a passing ship, the whole invoice supplying from home the domestic and military necessaries the island could not make.
54	51	Brought over £217.11.7 Haberdasheryware Viz: 102 lb Coloured Thread N°1 @ 2/2 p lb 11.1.- 15 lb Waled Brown Thread 2 3/4 p lb 2.10.- 30 lb Do 3 4/1 p lb 6.2.6 30 lb Do 4 4/8 p lb 7.- 27 lb Do 5 3/6 p lb 7.8.6 2½ Doz Short White Pens 6 1.8 5 M Best Needles 7 1.7.6 1 Gross 3 Yards Waled Laces 8 6.8 1 Case 17.7 Haberdasheryware Amounts to £37.14.5 Drinking Glasses &c Viz: 6 Quart & 6 Pint fine Flint Decanters & 18 Cruets Stoppers &c Nt 19.4 at 15 p lb 4.5 1.14.6 3 Doz finest Flint Beer Glasses 2 Sizes Nt 34.7 9.5 24 Doz Wine Glasses Sorted Nt 133.12 3 Doz Do Water Do 2 Sizes Nt 29.11 7.8.1 Nt 197.- 1 Case 9.11 6 Quart & 6 Pint fine Flint Decanters & 12 Cruets Stoppers &c Nt 18.8 at 15 p lb 1.10.7 3 Doz finest Flint Beer Glasses 2 Sizes Nt 35.10 24 Doz Wine Glasses Sorted Nt 131.1 3 Doz Do Water Do 2 Sizes Nt 30.8 9.9.10 Nt 197.3 1 Case 9.11 Drinking Glasses Amounts to £18.18.1 Stockings 1 Case Viz: 30 pr Mens Grey Worsted Hose N°1 at 3/4 5.- 10 pr Boys Do 2 2/3 1.7.6 10 pr Do 3 2/2 1.1.8 200 pr Sailors Thread Stockings 4 2/3 24.3.4 1 Case 8.10 Stockings Amounts to £32.1.1 Carried over £306.5.5	The account current continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £217 11s 9d. Haberdashery ware: 102 lb coloured thread, No. 1, at 2 rupees 2 pies the pound, £11 1s 0d 15 lb milled brown thread, No. 2, at 3 rupees 4 pies the pound, £2 10s 0d 30 lb the same, No. 3, at 4 rupees 1 pie the pound, £6 2s 6d 30 lb the same, No. 5, at 4 rupees 8 pies the pound, £7 0s 0d 27 lb the same, No. 5, at 5 rupees 6 pies the pound, £7 8s 6d 2.5 dozen short white pens, No. 6, £0 1s 8d 5 thousand best needles, No. 7, £1 7s 6d 1 gross and 3 yards broad laces, No. 8, £0 6s 8d 1 case, £0 17s 7d haberdashery ware amounts to, £37 14s 5d Drinking glasses: 6 quart and 6 pint fine flint decanters and 12 cruets and stoppers, No. 10, 19 rupees 7 annas at 15 the pound, £1 11s 6d 3 dozen finest flint beer glasses, 2 sizes, No. 10, 24 rupees 3 annas 24 dozen wine glasses sorted, No. 10, 133 rupees 12 annas 3 dozen the same, water, of 2 sizes, No. 10, 39 rupees 11 annas total at 15 the pound, 197 rupees 12 annas, £7 8s 4d 1 case, £0 9s 11d 6 quart and 6 pint fine flint decanters and 12 cruets and stoppers, No. 10, 28 rupees 8 annas at 15 the pound, £1 10s 7d 3 dozen finest flint beer glasses, 2 sizes, No. 10, 35 rupees 12 annas 24 dozen wine glasses sorted, No. 10, 131 rupees 1 anna 3 dozen the same, water, of 2 sizes, No. 10, 30 rupees 8 annas total at 15 the pound, 197 rupees 5 annas, £7 9s 10d 1 case, £0 9s 11d drinking glasses amounts to, £18 18s 1d Stockings, 1 case: 30 pairs men's grey worsted stockings, No. 1, at 3 rupees 4 pies, £5 0s 0d 10 pairs boys' the same, No. 2, at 2 rupees 9 pies, £1 7s 6d 10 pairs the same, larger, No. 3, at 2 rupees 12 pies, £1 3s 4d 200 pairs soldiers' thread stockings, No. 4, at 2 rupees 5 pies, £24 3s 4d 1 case, £0 8s 10d stockings amounts to, £32 1s 4d carried over, £306 5s 5d Interpretations The haberdashery, glassware and stockings continue the inventory of finished manufactures the island imported entire from England, the thread graded by number and priced by the pound for the tailoring and mending the establishment required, and the needles and laces supplying the same work. The great parcel of two hundred soldiers' thread stockings alongside the grey worsted for men and boys shows the garrison clothed to the feet from London stores, the stockings ordered by the case as the coats and lace had been, every article of the soldiers' dress carried out ready-made. The drinking glasses answer directly the bareness of the establishment the surrounding record has shown, twenty-four dozen wine glasses to a parcel, with decanters, cruets and beer and water glasses, restocking a castle that days before could not muster three cups of its own. The fine flint glass, decanters and sorted wine glasses in such quantity measure the scale on which the governor's table was furnished for entertaining the commanders of the shipping, the same table whose monthly wine bill ran to near three hundred bottles, the vessels to serve it carried out by sea like everything else the island could not make for itself.
55	52	Brought over £306.5.5 Indico 1 Cask Viz: Fig Indico 7.4.10 1 Cask 2.9 Indico Amounts to £9.7.7 Red Oaker Viz: Red Oaker 1.19.7 1 Cask 3.4 Red Oaker Amounts to £2.2.11 Brimstone Viz: Brimstone 5.17.- 1 Barrell 3.10 Brimstone Amounts to £6.0.10 Starch Viz: 9 lb 12 Starch 2.4.- 1 Cask 1.8 Starch Amounts to £2.5.8 Halts & Hat Viz: 250 Centinells Halts Laced with white worsted at 6d p lb 34.9.6 1 large Hat 13.2 Halts Amounts to £35.-.8 Gunners Stores Viz: 300 Large Priming Hornes each Painted and headed Bottoms with Iron Swivills at 2/3¾ ea 11.-.10 6 Large Powder Hornes with Brass Collars, Swivills and Springs with 6 Large Buff Rings 8.9.- 1 Cask 9.6 20 Bundles Large Wardspikes Rack Cord 20 Small Bundles at 2/- pd Small Bundle 90 7 & 25 lb Match Do lb 1.11 Do 3.8 at 35/- p lb 5.8.- Gunners Stores Carried over £42.5.4 Carried over £361.3.1	The account current continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £306 5s 5d. Indigo, 1 cask: 1 [...] indigo, £7 4s 10d 1 cask, £0 2s 9d indigo amounts to, £9 7s 7d Red ochre: 5 [...] red ochre, £1 19s 7d 1 cask, £0 3s 4d red ochre amounts to, £2 2s 11d Brimstone: 5 [...] brimstone, £5 17s 0d 1 barrel, £0 3s 10d brimstone amounts to, £6 0s 10d Starch: 1 [...] 12 lb starch, £2 4s 0d 1 cask, £0 1s 8d starch amounts to, £2 5s 8d Hats, 1 lot: 250 coloured hats laced with white worsted at 2s 9d each, £34 9s 6d 1 large lot, £0 13s 2d hats amounts to, £35 2s 8d Gunner's stores: 100 large priming horses with turned and leaded bottoms with iron swivels at 2s 3.5d each, £11 10s 0d 6 large powder horses with brass collars, swivels and springs, with 6 large buff bags, £8 9s 0d 1 cask, £0 9s 6d 20 bundles large handspikes, short, and 20 small bundles at 2s the pound, small bundles, £30 0s 0d 7 [...] 25 lb match, 3 [...] 8 at 35s 3d the hundredweight, £5 8s 0d gunner's stores carried over, £42 5s 4d carried over, £361 3s 1d Interpretations The parcels of raw materials and dyes show the island importing not only finished goods but the substances of its own trades, indigo and red ochre for dyeing and painting, brimstone for making powder and matches and for medicine, and starch for the household, each shipped from England in the cask and priced with its packaging. Red ochre in particular answers the works accounts of the season, the same pigment the gunner had used for painting the guns at Banks's, the establishment drawing its colouring materials from home like everything else it could not produce. The gunner's stores restock the artillery with the small gear its daily work consumed, priming horns and powder horns for charging the guns, handspikes for laying them and slow match for firing them, the very stores the gunner's monthly account had listed as running down. That the island had to order match by the hundredweight and handspikes by the bundle from London measures how wholly its defence depended on supply from home, the powder, match and implements without which the guns exercised all through the spring could not be served, carried out by sea against the war the whole record shows the establishment preparing to meet.
56	53	Brought over £361.3.1 Gunners Stores brought over £42.5.4 2 Puncheons 12.10 24 Gunners Belts 8.10 1 Compleat Sett of Gunners Accourtrements in Brass According to the New Regulation 3.-.4 Gunners Stores Amounts to £46.10.4 Deals &c Viz: 40, 1½ Inch 12 ft yp Firebours 3.7.- 3 Ends 28 ft 10.6 3 Do 32 ft 7.2 300 Hundred Deals to Score to lb Rhen. 12 foot yp Long at Rt 11.6 p f 72.17.6 3 Oak Planks 4 Inch Cont 101 foot at 15d p ft 3.13.7 6 Do Do 3 Inch Cont 155 foot at 10 p ft 6.9.2 Deals &c Amounts to £89.4.11 9 Iron Gott 113 Barrs 58 Do 88 Inch 4' 1.- 26.10.- Coales 20 Chaldron good measure at 32/- p Chaldron 32.1.8 Turnerware 1 Cask & 4 Malls Viz: 100 Broom Staves 5.10.- 20 Snubbing Brushes 1.13.- 20 Paint Brushes 3.8 30 Do 11.- 10 Do 6.5 20 Double Handles 2.4.- 4 Malls 3.- 1 Cask 8.3 Turnerware Amounts to £10.19.4 Soap 7 Chests Viz: 1.3.19 Soap 2.1.10 Do 2.1.18 Do 2.1.10 Do 2.1.16 Do 2.1.7 lb 8 ct 3 at 6d p lb 53.13.9 2.1.13 lb 3 at 5d 1.15.- 7 Chests 55.8.9 Soap 7 Chests Amounts to £622.7.2	The account current continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £361 3s 1d, the gunner's stores brought over at £42 5s 4d. Gunner's stores: 2 puncheons, £0 10s 10d 24 gunner's bolts, £0 8s 10d 1 complete set of gunner's weights in brass, according to the new regulation, £3 3s 4d gunner's stores amounts to, £46 10s 4d Deals: 10 of 1.5 inch, 12 foot, 40 rafters, £3 19s 0d 3 batten, 28 foot, £0 10s 6d 3 the same, 32 foot, £0 9s 2d 3 hundred deals, bore to 3 inch, 12 foot, 40 at 44s 11s 6d, £72 19s 6d 3 oak planks, 4 inch, containing 101 foot, at 13s 4d the foot, £5 13s 7d 6 the same, 3 inch, containing 155 foot at 10s the foot, £6 9s 2d deals amounts to, £89 4s 11d Iron pots: 113 barrels, 58 staves narrow, No. 4, 58 the same, 18 inch, No. 4, £26 10s 0d Coals: 20 chaldron, pool measure, at 32s the chaldron, £32 1s 8d Turners' ware, 1 cask and 1 lot: 100 thrum mops, £5 10s 0d 20 scrubbing brushes, £1 13s 0d 20 paint brushes, £0 3s 8d 30 the same, £0 11s 0d 10 the same, £0 6s 5d 20 double flackets, £2 4s 0d 1 lot, £0 3s 0d 1 cask, £0 8s 5d turners' ware amounts to, £10 19s 4d Soap, 9 chests: 1 chest, 3 hundredweight 14 lb soap 1 chest, 2 hundredweight 1 quarter 10 lb the same 1 chest, 2 hundredweight 1 quarter 18 lb the same 1 chest, 2 hundredweight 1 quarter 10 lb the same 1 chest, 2 hundredweight 1 quarter 10 lb the same 1 chest, 2 hundredweight 1 quarter 2 lb the same 1 chest, 2 hundredweight 1 quarter 13 lb the same, 3 hundredweight 3 quarters 8 lb at 60s the hundredweight, £53 13s 9d 1 lot, £1 16s 0d 9 chests soap, at 3s each, amounts to, £55 8s 0d carried over, £622 7s 4d Interpretations The building materials measure the island's dependence on imported timber, deals and oak planks by the hundred and the foot shipped from England because the island grew almost no wood fit for construction, the very scarcity of timber the earlier record laments now met by carrying sawn planks and rafters across the sea. Coal came the same way, twenty chaldron by the pool measure of the port of London, the fuel for the smith's forge and the household hearths brought from home like the wood, an island in a mild climate importing both its firewood and its coal for want of any of its own. The household and cleaning stores, the mops, brushes and flackets of the turners' ware and the nine chests of soap graded by weight, restock the daily necessaries of the establishment, the soap in particular a heavy standing charge for washing the linen and clothing of the garrison and the governor's house. A flacket was a flask or small barrel for liquids, and the thrum mops were made of coarse waste yarn, ordinary domestic gear that the island, producing no manufactures of its own, ordered by the cask and chest from London along with everything else that kept the settlement supplied.
57	54	Brought over £622.7.1 Linseed Oyl 12 Jarrs Viz: 33 gallons 3 lb Linseed Oyl 29 Do 6¼ lb Do 31 Do 7 lb Do 30 Do 4½ lb Do 31 Do 5¾ lb Do 29 Do 6¾ lb Do 31 Do 4¾ lb Do 31 Do 2½ lb Do 30 Do 1 lb Do 29 Do 1½ lb Do 30 Do 5 lb Do 373 gallons 3 lb at 4/3 82.1.8 12 Jarrs Wicked at 10/- Val 6.- Linseed Oyl Amounts to £88.1.8 Rape Oyl 6 Jarrs Viz: 29 gallons 6¾ Rape Oyl 29 Do 1½ lb Do 30 Do 6 lb Do 30 Do 6 lb Do 30 Do 2 lb Do 30 Do 5 lb Do 181 gallons 4 lb at 2/7 23.9.2 6 Jarrs Wicked at 10/- 3.- Rape Oyl 6 Jarrs Amounts to £26.9.2 Traen Oyl 12 Jarrs Viz: 31 gallons 6¾ Traen Oyl 28 Do 34 lb Do 28 Do 5 lb Do 27 Do 6 lb Do 31 Do 1¼ lb Do 30 Do 7 lb Do 30 Do 4 lb Do 32 Do 2 lb Do 30 Do 7 lb Do 30 Do 1 lb Do 27 Do 4½ lb Do 33 Do 7 lb Do 368 gallons % at 2/6 46.-.2 12 Jarrs Wicked at 6.12.- Traen Oyl Amounts to £52.12.2 Carried over £789.9.1	The account current continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £622 7s 1d. Linseed oil, 12 jars: 33 gallons 3 lb linseed oil 26 gallons 6 lb, the same 34 gallons, the same 31 gallons 4 lb, the same 30 gallons, the same 31 gallons 5.5 lb, the same 29 gallons 6 lb, the same 31 gallons 4 lb, the same 31 gallons 2.5 lb, the same 30 gallons 1 lb, the same 29 gallons 1.5 lb, the same 30 gallons 5 lb, the same 372 gallons 3 lb at 4s 3d, £82 4s 8d 12 jars, wicked at 11s, the same, £6 0s 0d linseed oil amounts to, £88 4s 8d Rape oil, 6 jars: 29 gallons 6 lb rape oil 29 gallons 1.5 lb, the same 30 gallons 6 lb, the same 30 gallons 9 lb, the same 30 gallons 9 lb, the same 30 gallons 5 lb, the same 181 gallons 4 lb at 2s 7d, £23 9s 2d 6 jars, wicked at 10s, £3 0s 0d rape oil, 6 jars, amounts to, £26 9s 2d Train oil, 12 jars: 31 gallons 6 lb train oil 33 gallons 3.5 lb, the same 28 gallons 5 lb, the same 27 gallons 6 lb, the same 31 gallons 1.5 lb, the same 30 gallons 7 lb, the same 30 gallons 7 lb, the same 32 gallons 9 lb, the same 30 gallons 9 lb, the same 30 gallons 1 lb, the same 27 gallons 1.5 lb, the same 33 gallons 2.5 lb, the same 368 gallons 4 lb at 2s 6d, £46 0s 2d 12 jars, wicked at 11s, £6 12s 0d train oil amounts to, £52 12s 2d carried over, £789 14s 1d Interpretations The three kinds of oil measure the fuel and materials the island burned and used, each shipped from England in wicked jars, the vessels themselves priced into the account. Linseed oil, pressed from flax seed, served both for lamps and for mixing paint and preserving wood, and rape oil, from the seed of the rape plant, was a cheaper lamp and lubricating oil, the two answering the establishment's want of light and of the substances its trades required. The linseed in particular joined the red ochre and colours of the earlier parcels, the materials with which the guns and buildings were painted. Train oil was the oil rendered from the blubber of whales or seals, valued for lamps and for dressing leather and ropes, and its shipment in quantity marks a need the island could not otherwise meet, no such fishery lying within its reach. That a settlement in the South Atlantic imported whale oil from England, carrying it thousands of miles rather than taking it from the seas about it, measures how completely the island depended on home supply even for a product the surrounding ocean might have yielded, every gallon of light and every material of its workshops brought out by the Company's ships.
58	55	Brought over £789.13.1 Fine Oyl 1 Chest Viz: 10 Gallons fine Oyl at 1lb p Gallon 22.- 1 Chest with 165 Bottles at cost 2.8.- Fine Oyl 1 Chest Amounts to £24.8.- Corks 60 Groce 6.12.6 1 Cask 3.10 6.16.4 Brandy 30 Hhds q' Viz: N°1 at 20 4 at 18: 25 Hhts q' 165 6 Gall at 3/4 276.- 21 at 40 46 at 30: 25 Do 1651 Do at 3/11 323.6.5 30 Hhts at 13/4 ea 33.6.8 632.13.1 Wine 4 Hhds old red Port 58.1.8 2 Do Mountain 35.12.10 120 doz q' Bottles &c 21.11.8 12 Chests 6.12 126 gallons Venegar 10.10 4 Casks Iron bound 1.9.4 133.17.6 Shoes 600 pr Mens Strong @1s½ ea 121.5.- 30 pr Fine 2/9 11.17.6 100 pr Womens Calf 2/9 13.15.- 25 pr Girls 2/2 2.14.2 25 pr Do 1/2 1.9.2 30 pr Boys 2/6 3.15.- 20 pr Do 3/4 3.6.8 24 pr Do fine Calf 3/6 4.8.- 4 Cases 3.10.4 166.-.10 Beer 3 Hhds 11.- 5 Do 5.10 10 Hhds 6.14.9 23.4.9 Fish Hooks 5 M best Irish Hooks Sorted 2.9.6 1 M Large Do 1.5 1 M Do 6.1 1 M Do 7.8 3.7.8 Carried over £1780.1.3	The account current continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £789 13s 1d. Fine oil, 1 chest: 40 gallons fine oil at 11s the gallon, £22 0s 0d 1 chest with 16.5 bottles dried, £2 8s 0d fine oil, 1 chest, amounts to, £24 8s 0d Corks: 60 gross corks, £6 12s 6d 1 cask, £0 3s 10d corks amounts to, £6 16s 4d Brandy, 50 hogsheads: No. 1 to 20, 25 hogsheads of 165 gallons 6 gallons at 3s, 976 rupees No. 21 to 40, No. 46 to 50, 25 the same, 1,651 the same, at 3s 11d, 323 rupees 6 annas 5 pies 50 hogsheads at 13s 4d [...], £53 6s 8d brandy amounts to, £632 13s 1d Wine: 1 hogshead old red port, £58 1s 8d 2 the same, mountain, £35 12s 10d 140 dozen of bottles the same, £21 11s 8d 12 chests, £6 12s 0d 136 gallons vinegar, £10 10s 0d 4 casks iron bound, £1 9s 4d wine amounts to, £133 17s 6d Shoes: 600 pairs men's strong, at 3s 4.5d, £121 5s 0d 30 pairs fine, at 4s 9d, £11 17s 6d 100 pairs women's calf, at 2s 9d, £13 15s 0d 25 pairs girls', at 2s 3d, £2 14s 2d 25 pairs the same, at 4s, £1 9s 2d 30 pairs boys', at 2s 6d, £3 15s 0d 20 pairs the same, at 3s 4d, £3 6s 8d 24 pairs the same, fine calf, at 3s 5d, £4 8s 0d 4 cases, £3 10s 4d shoes amounts to, £166 0s 10d Beer: 5 hogsheads, £11 0s 0d 5 the same, £5 10s 0d 10 hogsheads, £6 14s 9d beer amounts to, £23 4s 9d Fish hooks: 5,000 best fish hooks sorted, £2 9s 6d 1,000 large the same, £0 4s 5d 1,000 the same, £0 6s 5d 1,000 the same, £0 7s 8d fish hooks amounts to, £3 7s 8d carried over, £1,780 1s 3d Interpretations The liquor accounts dominate the invoice, fifty hogsheads of brandy and near £134 of wine measuring the scale on which the establishment drank and entertained, the old red port and mountain wine the same the governor's table account had shown consumed by the hundred bottles a month, now seen laid in by the hogshead from London to be bottled on the island, the sixty gross of corks of the previous parcel answering exactly this bottling. Fine olive oil in bottles and 136 gallons of vinegar restocked the table's condiments, the vinegar also serving to preserve and to clean. The six hundred pairs of men's strong shoes, with lighter shoes for women, girls and boys, clothe the whole population the Company maintained to the feet, the garrison and the households supplied by the case as the coats and stockings had been. The parcel of fish hooks, thousands sorted by size, points to the island's own fishing, the boats and lines by which it took fish to feed the establishment and the passing shipping, the very fishery whose failure the earlier record laments now equipped from home, so that even the means of catching the island's own food was carried out by sea along with the brandy, wine and shoes.
59	56	Brought over £1780.1.3 Combs 2 doz Ivory Combs 13.2 2 doz Larger 17.7 2 doz fine Dandriff 17.7 Box 7.- 2.8.4 Broad Cloth 1 bale q' 84' 1 pc Mazeen Blue qty 26 Yards at 16/- 20.16.- 1 pc Superfine Black qty 32.1 16/- 25.16.- 1 pc Do fine 31.3 12/6 23.4.- 69.12.4 Blanketts 3 Bales 100 pr 7/4 11/7 57.8.4 10 pr 7/4 18/2 9.1.8 67.- Flannel & German Serges 1 Bale 2 pc q' 27¾ Yards at 1/9d 3.-.11 2 Do 125¾ Do 1/3d 7.1.2 9 Do 125½ Do 1/6d 8.2.1 1 Do g'boys 23 Do 3/1 3.11.10 1 Do 22¾ Do 4/1 4.11.10 28.13.1 Sustains 12 Plain 24.5 14.13.- 3 Slowbite 24.5 27.5 3.13.3 2.13.10 21.1.1 Shalloons 2 Scarlet Shalloons 39/3 5.18.10 3 Maz Blue 43/5 6.10.3 12.9.1 Kersies 2 Bales 30 pc qty 1508 Yards at 13d 88.4.- Pitch & Tarr 20 Barrells Pitch qty 43.3.4 at 9/- 21.7.4 20 Barrells Rushia Tarr qty 22/- 22.- 43.7.4 Iron Potts 25 8 gall q' 10-23 at 19/- 9.18.11 20 3 to 5 gallons 3 3.23 3.22 at 19/- 7.10.10 20 Do 3.3.23 3.15.1 20 Do 2.9.6 3 Iron Chests 23.9.4 Carried over £2136.6.5	The account current continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £1,780 1s 3d. Combs: 2 dozen ivory combs, £0 13s 2d 2 dozen larger, £0 11s 7d 2 dozen fine dandruff, £0 11s 7d 1 box, £0 1s 7d combs amounts to, £2 8s 11d Broad cloth, 1 bale of 3 pieces: 1 piece mixed blue of 26 yards at 16s, £20 16s 0d 1 piece superfine black of 33 yards 1 quarter, 16s, £23 16s 0d 1 piece fine, 31 yards 3 quarters, 12s 6d, £23 4s 0d broad cloth amounts to, £69 12s 4d Blankets, 3 bales: 100 pairs, No. 7, 11s 7d, £57 18s 4d 10 pairs, No. 7, 18s 2d, £9 1s 8d blankets amounts to, £67 0s 0d Flannel and German serges, 1 bale: 2 pieces of 97.5 yards at 1s 1.5d, £5 0s 11d 2 the same, 125.5 yards, 1s 3.5d, £7 1s 2d 2 the same, 125.5 yards, 1s 5.5d, £8 2s 1d 1 the same, gauge, 33 yards, 3s 1d, £5 2s 0d 1 the same, 22.5 yards, 4s 1d, £4 11s 10d flannel and German serges amounts to, £98 13s 1d Sustains: 12 plain, 24s 3d, £14 13s 0d 5 flowered, 3 of 4 pieces, 24s 3d, £9 13s 3d 2 the same, 29s 3d, £2 14s 10d sustains amounts to, £21 1s 1d Shalloons: 2 scarlet shalloons, 39s 5d, £5 18s 10d 3 mazarine blue, 43s 5d, £6 10s 3d shalloons amounts to, £12 9s 1d Kerseys, 2 bales: 30 pieces of 1,568 yards at 13s, £88 4s 0d Pitch and tar: 20 barrels pitch of 45 hundredweight 3 quarters 4 lb at 9s 4d, £41 9s 4d 20 barrels Russia tar at 22s, £22 0s 0d pitch and tar amounts to, £43 9s 4d Iron pots: 25 of 8 gallons of 10 to 23 at 19s, £9 13s 4d 20 of 3 to 3 gallons, 3 hundredweight 3 quarters 23 lb 3 the same, 22 lb at 19s, £7 10s 10d 20 the same, 3 hundredweight 3 quarters 23 lb, £3 15s 1d 20 the same, 3 hundredweight 3 quarters 23 lb, £2 9s 6d 3 strong chests, £2 9s 6d iron pots amounts to, £23 9s 4d carried over, £2,136 6s 5d Interpretations The great mass of woollen cloth measures the trade the Company drove west through the island, broad cloth, blankets, flannel, serges, shalloons and kerseys shipped in bales for sale to the inhabitants and to the shipping through the storekeeper, the coloured and superfine cloths for gentlemen's wear and the coarser kerseys and flannels for common use. Shalloons were a light twilled woollen used for coat linings, and mazarine blue a deep rich blue, the named colours and grades showing goods meant for a market that could choose, not merely for the establishment's own clothing. These were the manufactures of the English woollen industry carried to the ends of the Company's trade. The pitch, tar and iron pots serve the island's practical needs, the Russia tar and pitch for paying the seams of boats and preserving ropes and timber against the sea, the graded iron pots for the household and the works. That tar came marked as Russia measures the reach of the supply, drawn from the Baltic trade and carried out by the Company along with the woollens of England, the island's every material, whether for its market, its boats or its kitchens, gathered from across the trading world and shipped to it in one invoice.
60	57	Brought over £2136.6.5 Nailes 3.1.17 30 2.1.5 10 5.2.22 31/6d 8.19.5 2 Iron bound Casks 4.4 9.13.9 Ironmongersware 6 Casks 1 Case 1 Bundle 100 Frying Pans for Soldiers @6d 8.6.8 12 Iron Shovels 1.13 6 hand Hammers 9.11 2 Sledge Do 7.8 2 doz Scyth Stones 2.2 Case for the Stones 11 1 doz Ingeneer Augres Sorted 1.2 56 lb Lead Nailes for Lanthornes 1.5.8 24 Drill bow Strings 9.8 12 Drill Boxes 8.4 6 doz File hafts Sorted 4.6 1 Strong Cask Iron bound 9.11 2 doz Warding Files 3.4 2 doz Files Sorted A 4.5 1 doz B 7.9 2 Do C 5.7 2 Do large D 11 6 Rubbles 14.10 6 Smoothing Planes 8.10 6 Long Do 1.3.2 2 Hand Vices 5.6 9 Extra Steel Tenant Saws w' 3 files to each & a Sett 14.4.1 2 Do 14.4 9 lb fine Emmery 7 10 Pad Locks A 11.- 10 Do B 16.6 10 Do C 1.2.- 10 Large Do D 1.13.- 10 fine Do E 1.18.6 1 Case bound with Iron Squares 7.9 1 Extra Steel fence Saw fixed what 9 Setts w' 3 files & a Sett 1.15.3 Canvas bound & Cord 2.- 29.8.4 Carried over £2175.8.6	The account current continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £2,136 6s 5d. Nails: 3 hundredweight 1 quarter 17 lb, 30 [...], 2 hundredweight 1 quarter 5 lb, 10 [...], 5 hundredweight 2 quarters 22 lb, 3 shillings 6 pies each, £8 19s 5d 2 iron bound casks, £0 14s 4d nails amounts to, £9 13s 9d Ironmonger's ware, 6 chests, 1 case and 1 bundle: 100 frying pans for the slaves, the same, £8 6s 8d 12 iron shovels, £1 13s 0d 6 hand hammers, £0 9s 11d 2 sledge the same, £0 7s 8d 2 dozen scythe stones, £0 2s 2d 1 case for the stones, £0 0s 11d 1 dozen engineer's augers sorted, £1 5s 0d 50 lb lead vents for lanthorns, £1 5s 8d 24 drill bow strings, £0 9s 5d 12 drill bows, £0 8s 4d 6 dozen file hafts sorted, £0 4s 6d 1 strong cask iron bound, £0 9s 11d 2 dozen threading files, £0 3s 4d 2 dozen files sorted, No. A, £0 4s 5d 2 dozen the same, No. B, £0 7s 9d 2 dozen the same, No. C, £0 3s 7d 2 dozen large, No. D, £0 11s 0d 6 rubbers, £0 14s 10d 6 smoothing planes, £0 8s 10d 6 long the same, £1 3s 2d 2 hand vices, £0 5s 6d 2 pairs steel cement screws with 3 files to each, No. A and B, £0 14s 4d 2 the same, No. D, £0 14s 4d 9 the same, fine simmers, £0 0s 7d 10 vat locks, No. A, £0 11s 0d 10 the same, No. B, C and D, £0 16s 6d 10 the same, No. D, £1 2s 0d 10 large the same, £0 15s 6d 10 fine the same, No. E, £1 18s 6d 1 case bound with iron squares, £0 7s 9d 1 pair steel forceps, screws faced whetstone and bolts with 3 files to each, No. A and B, £1 13s 3d canvas bound and case, £0 2s 3d ironmonger's ware amounts to, £29 8s 4d carried over, £2,175 8s 6d Interpretations The ironmonger's ware equips the island's several trades with the tools of the smith, the carpenter and the fitter, the files, planes, vices, hammers and augers by which the establishment made and mended its own gear, all carried out from England ready-forged because the island worked no iron of its own beyond what its forge could shape. Lanthorns were lanterns, the lead vents supplying the fittings for them, and the graded files, locks and cement screws show a stock meant to serve a working establishment of masons, carpenters and armourers, the same men the pay accounts had listed, furnished with the implements of their crafts. The single most telling entry is the hundred frying pans bought for the slaves, a bulk provision of the plainest cooking vessel for the Company's own labour force, the establishment supplying its slaves' means of dressing their food as it supplied their clothing of blue cloth and their ration of yams. That the pans were ordered by the hundred, a distinct line in the invoice, measures the size of the slave establishment the island maintained and the deliberate provision the Company made for it, the cheapest ironware carried thousands of miles to equip the households of the men and women it held as property.
61	58	Brought over £2175.8.6 Garden Seeds 1 Box Amounts to£5.14.11 Bunting 1 Case Viz: 6 pc broad Bunting in grain 35/- 9.18.- 6 pc Do Blue 23/9 7.8.6 6 pc Do White 22/- 6.12.- 1 Case lind 7.6 24.6.- English Canvas 1 Bale q' 8' Yards 380 at 1s4½ 22.19.2 Counted Canvas & Bolt rope 6.9 23.5.11 Cordage 1 Cable 17 Inch q' 90 22.32/6 114.1.5 Biscuit 60 Hhds q' 240 lb Second Sped at 12/- 144.- 60 Hhds at 8/3 24.15.- 168.15.- Flour 20 Barrells 28 6 at 12/- 16.16.7 28 4.3 13/3 20.3.2 30 Barrells 6/1 6.1.8 43.1.5 Silver 2 Chests Viz: 1 Bagg Slew Pillar q' 72.8 Val 1 Do 72.8 Val is 581 lb at 3/8 p Oz. 1996.10.8 Medicines 2 Chests 1 Cask 1 Case & 1 Hhd Amounts to 183.6.3 Sugar 2 Casks q' 22.3.17 at 35/3 40.9.3 Plantation 6 Casks Sices 2.13.6 Lines 35 doz N°1 at 2/2 3.15.10 35 doz 2 2/9 4.16.3 35 doz 3 3/1 5.10.- 35 doz 4 3/10 6.14.2 30 doz 5 4/5 6.12.6 35 doz 6 3/6 8.16.- 36.4.9 Carried over £1795.15.7	The account current continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £2,175 8s 6d. Garden seeds, 1 box: garden seeds, 1 box, amounts to, £5 14s 11d Bunting, 1 case: 6 pieces broad bunting in grain, 33s, £9 18s 0d 6 pieces the same, blue, 24s 9d, £7 8s 6d 6 pieces the same, white, 22s, £6 12s 0d 1 case lined, £0 7s 6d bunting amounts to, £24 6s 0d English canvas, 1 bale of 6 pieces: 380 yards at 14.5d, £22 19s 2d painted canvas and bolt rope, £0 6s 9d english canvas amounts to, £23 5s 11d Cordage: 1 cable of 14 inch of 70 [...], 22 [...], 32s 6d, £114 1s 5d Biscuit, 60 hogsheads: of 240 lb second spend at 12s, £144 0s 0d 60 hogsheads at 8s 3d, £24 15s 0d biscuit amounts to, £168 15s 0d Flour, 20 barrels: 28 hundredweight 6 lb at 12s, £16 16s 7d 28 hundredweight 4 quarters 5 lb, 11s 3d, £20 3s 2d 20 barrels, 6s 1d, £6 1s 8d flour amounts to, £43 1s 5d Silver, 2 chests: 1 bag pieces of eight dollar of 72 lb 8 ounces 1 the same, 72 lb 8 ounces 6 581 lb 3 [...] at 5s 8d the ounce, £1,976 10s 8d Medicines, 2 chests, 1 cask, 1 case: 1 lot, amounts to, £185 6s 3d Sugar, 2 casks: of 22 hundredweight 3 quarters 17 lb at 35s 3d, £40 9s 3d Plantation, 6 casks: plantation seeds, 6 casks, £2 13s 6d Lines: 35 dozen, No. 1, at 2s 2d, £3 15s 10d 35 dozen, No. 2, 2s 9d, £4 16s 3d 35 dozen, No. 3, 3s 4d, £5 14s 0d 35 dozen, No. 5, 3s 10d, £6 14s 2d 30 dozen, No. 6, 4s 5d, £6 12s 6d 35 dozen, No. 6, 5s 6d, £8 16s 0d lines amounts to, £36 4s 9d carried over, £4,793 15s 7d Interpretations The great silver chest is the largest single line in the whole invoice, near £2,000 in pieces of eight weighed by the ounce, the specie the island needed to answer its accounts and pay for goods, the coin the surrounding cash count had reckoned by the species now seen arriving in bulk from London. The bags of dollars, weighed rather than counted, measure the scale on which the Company shipped bullion to keep its remote factory in cash, the money to run the establishment carried out by sea alongside the flour, biscuit and cloth like any other necessary. The bunting and canvas serve the island's signals and its ships, the coloured bunting for the flags whose want the earlier record had lamented, when every flag but one was worn out and the Sugarloaf signal had to be made of blue and red alone, now restocked in grain, blue and white. The garden and plantation seeds, sent in the box and the cask, mark the Company's continuing effort to raise its own provisions on the island, the seeds of European vegetables and crops carried out to be sown, and the graded fishing lines complete the fishery equipped from home, the biscuit, flour and lines together provisioning both the establishment and the boats that helped to feed it.
62	59	Brought over £1795.13.7 Twine &c With the Lines 1 Cask & Matts 2.4.- 9.- 2.13.- Rice 66 Casks q' 287.1.2 at 14/- 201.1.9 66 Casks at 4/6 14.17.- 215.18.9 Small Arms &c Viz: 50 Carbines & Slings 16/6 41.5.- 50 Spare Bayonets 3.6.- 1 Bullet Mould with 10 Holes 13.9 2 Chests 1.7.- 6 Scrib Staves 6.18.4 6 Halberts 3.6.- 1 Chest 11.- 2 Drums with Apparrell 2.4.- 6 Spare Snares 5.- 1 Cask 5.6 50.16.4 Pork 40 Hhds q' 137.3.23 at 34/1 236.16.5 40 Hhds at 14/1 28.3.4 264.19.9 Charges 26.13.7 3362.17.- Account Currant Dr to Sundry Accounts £3.19.- For the following Articles Short Delivered & wrote off the Bills of Lading of the Royall Guardian to be Repaid at London Viz: Deals &c 1 Double Deal 2.6 10 Deals 1½ Inch thick 3.7 1 Rifer 3.6 3.13.- Gunners Stores 3 Short Handspikes 6.- 3.19.-	The account current continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £4,793 15s 7d. Twine: 40 lb twine, with the lines, 1 cask and 1 lot, £2 4s 0d 1 lot, £0 9s 0d twine amounts to, £2 13s 0d Rice, 66 casks: of 287 hundredweight 1 quarter 2 lb at 14s, £201 1s 9d 66 casks at 4s 6d, £14 17s 0d rice amounts to, £215 18s 9d Small arms: 50 carbines with slings, 16s 6d, £41 5s 0d 50 spare firearms, £0 3s 6d 1 bullet mould with 10 holes, £0 13s 0d 2 chests, £1 2s 0d 6 field staves, £0 6s 7d 6 halberts, £0 3s 6d 1 chest, £0 11s 0d 2 drums with apparel, £2 1s 0d 6 spare slings, £0 3s 0d 1 cask, £0 5s 6d small arms amounts to, £50 16s 4d Pork, 10 hogsheads: of 139 hundredweight 3 quarters 23 lb at 30s 3d, £236 16s 5d 10 hogsheads at 10s 1d, £28 3s 4d pork amounts to, £264 19s 9d charges, £26 13s 7d total, £5,362 17s 0d The council then took up a second account current, for the goods delivered and written off the bill of lading of the Royal Guardian to be repaid at London, running to £3 19s [...]. Deals: 1 double deal, £0 2s 6d 40 deals of 1.5 inch thick, £0 3s 7d 1 [...], £0 3s 6d deals amounts to, £3 13s 0d Gunner's stores: 3 short handspikes, £0 6s 0d total, £3 19s 0d Interpretations The close of the great invoice registers the whole consignment the Royal Guardian brought from London at £5,362 17s, a full year's supply of every manufacture, provision and material the island could not make, the sum measuring the cost of maintaining a remote factory wholly dependent on the mother country. The small arms in this last parcel, fifty carbines with slings, spare firearms, halberts and bullet moulds, restock the garrison's personal weapons against the war the whole record shows the establishment preparing to meet, the muskets and their fittings carried out to arm the men the pay accounts had listed. The second account, of goods written off the bill of lading, records the ordinary practice by which any deficiency between the invoice and the delivery was noted and charged back to be made good at London, a few deals and handspikes short or damaged entered so that the Company answered for what its ship had failed to land. This careful reckoning of even trifling shortfalls, set against the great sum of the whole cargo, shows the discipline of account the establishment now kept after the deficiency of 1741, every item checked at the waterside and any want charged home, the storekeeper's tally at the landing turned into a claim on the Company for the difference.
63	60	Mrs Goodwin the Widow of the late John Goodwin Esqr was this day sent for in Obedience to the 19th Paragraph of General & Royall Guardian and the Inventory and Account Sales of her Deceased Husbands Estate were read to her and We find that every thing has been Accounted for saving Some few Trifling matters of very little Value which was broke lost or worn out by the Family between the time of Taking the Inventory and the Sales which was about a Year and Two Months. We likewise read and Explained to the Widow her Account Currant with our Honourable Masters as it stood at the time of our making up of our Packet that went by the Ship Tygris. The Storekeeper was Ordered to Prepare a List of Damaged Goods and put the said Goods by themselves between this and Sunday Morning that when we will Carefully Survey the goods and Enter there that we find until Damaged, such as We dispose of Selling out of the Stores to be Sold at Publick Autory. Wherefore the Storekeeper is Ordered to Publish an Advertisement on Saturday next the fourth Instant giving Notice to all Persons by Beat of Drum that they will be Sold for Ready Money on the 13th Instant, and In the interim the Goods may be Viewed every Day between the Hours of Nine and Twelve in the Forenoon. We this day Received upon Account of the Outcry of the Estate of the late John Goodwin Esqr the following Sums Viz: Of Lieutenant Thomas Eastlipe Including Twenty one pounds Six Shillings for a Range for Goates Omitted in the Inventory and Account Sales £21.6.2¾ Of Mrs Mary Reaves Executor. 6.- Of Mrs Furlings Executor 12.- Of Mrs Dabbins 14.13.- Of Mr Owen 9.3.- Of Mr Sagnain 61.8.7½ 133.-.4¾ We likewise Received upon Account of the Estate	The widow of the late John Goodwin was sent for that day, following the seventeenth paragraph of the Company's orders by the Royal Guardian. The inventory and account sales of her deceased husband's estate were read to her, and the council found that everything had been accounted for, apart from some few trifling matters of very little value broken, lost or worn out by the family between the taking of the inventory and the sales, a period of about a year and ten months. It read and explained to the widow the account current with the Company as it stood at the time the packet went by the Tygress. The storekeeper was ordered to prepare a list of damaged goods and to set them apart between then and the following Tuesday morning, when the council would carefully survey them and order those found damaged sold at public auction. The storekeeper was directed to publish an advertisement on Saturday 4 June, giving notice to all persons by beat of drum that the goods would be sold for ready money on 18 June, and that in the meantime they might be viewed every day between nine and twelve in the forenoon. The council received that day, on account of the auction of the estate of the late John Goodwin, the following sums. of Lieutenant Thomas Easthope, including 21 pounds 6 shillings for a range for goats omitted in the inventory and account sales, £41 0s 2.5d of Mrs Mary Shave's executors, £0 6s 0d of Mrs Purling's executors, £0 12s 0d of Mrs Dickson, £14 13s 0d of Mr Owen, £9 0s 3d of Mr Layman, £61 8s 7.5d total, £133 0s 0.5d Interpretations The examination of Goodwin's widow, ordered by a specific paragraph of the directors' instructions, shows the Company pursuing the settlement of the late governor's estate from London itself, the account read to her and every article traced so that nothing of the estate should escape the reckoning against his deficiency. The finding that all was accounted for save trifles broken or worn in nearly two years marks the thoroughness of the audit, the family's ordinary household losses over the long interval between inventory and sale set down and excused, the estate otherwise found whole. The public auction of the establishment's own damaged goods, advertised by beat of drum for ready money, was the routine means by which the Company cleared spoiled stores from its books and turned them into cash, the storekeeper surveying and setting apart what was fit only for sale and the whole island given notice to view and bid. The receipts from the Goodwin auction, one of them including a sum for a goat range omitted from the original inventory, show the estate still yielding corrections and recoveries three years on, the range entered late so that even an overlooked asset was brought to account, the pursuit of the dead governor's affairs as exact at the last as at the first.
64	61	Estate of the late Mr Thomas Nicholes Deceased Viz: Of Mr Thomas Twentree for a Debt due to Mr Nicholes Nicholes in his Lifetime £8.10.- Yesterday arrived a Dutch Ship called the Knappenhoff from Batavia Captain Devos Burthen 200 Last has on Board 22 Guns and 76 Men and Loaded Chiefly with Tea and Coffee. G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright. At a Consultation held on Saturday the 11th June 1743 at the Castle Present George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The last Consultation was read and Approved. The Husband the Gunner and Steward Delivered in their Accounts for the last Month as did the Accomptant her Journal Parcels which were Examined and proved and are as follows Viz:	The council also received, on account of the estate of the late Thomas Nicholes, the following sum. of Mr Thomas Greentree, for a debt due to Mr Hopkins Nicholes in his lifetime, £8 10s 0d The council reported that on the previous day a Dutch ship, the Knappenhoff, Captain Devos, arrived from Batavia, of 200 tons burden, carrying 22 guns and 96 men, and laden chiefly with tea and coffee. This was subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. At a consultation held on Tuesday 14 June 1743 at the castle, the members attending were Governor George Gabriel Powell, styled Deputy Governor, John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. The husband, the gunner and the steward delivered in their accounts for the month past, and the accountant his journal parcels, which the council examined and passed, and which ran as follows. Interpretations The receipt for a debt owed to Hopkins Nicholes in his lifetime, gathered now into the estate of the late Thomas Nicholes, shows the council pursuing the outstanding credits of a dead man's affairs in the same way it pressed the Goodwin estate, an old debt paid by Greentree and entered so that the sum due should not be lost with the creditor's death. The estates of several deceased inhabitants passing across the council table together measure how much of its routine business was the winding-up of the dead, debts called in and effects sold to satisfy claims. The arrival of a Dutch homeward ship from Batavia laden with tea and coffee marks the island as a watering place on the route of foreign as well as English shipping, the Dutch East India Company's vessels calling for water and refreshment as the record shows them doing throughout, and the note of her force, her 22 guns and 96 men, was the ordinary caution of a station that reckoned the strength of every foreign ship in its road against the danger of war. The council recorded her cargo and her armament alike, the one a matter of trade and the other of defence, the two concerns that governed its dealings with every stranger that came in.
65	62	Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of May 1743 Viz: Neat Cattle: Bullocks, Cows, Heiffers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Totall Remaining 1st of May: Bullocks 35, Cows 108, Heiffers 23, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 42, Bulls 6, Totall 297 Encreased in Ditto: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heiffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 4, Bulls 0, Totall 4 Killed in Ditto: Bullocks 35, Cows 108, Heiffers 23, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 46, Bulls 6, Totall 301 Sent on Board the Liverpool: Bullocks 27, Cows 3, Heiffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 2, Bulls 1, Totall 31 Died in Ditto: Bullocks 8, Cows 105, Heiffers 23, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 43, Bulls 6, Totall 268 Mole in Ditto: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heiffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Totall 0 Remaining 31st Ditto: Bullocks 8, Cows 105, Heiffers 23, Steers 18, Yearlings 35, Calves 43, Bulls 6, Totall 268 Sheep: Ewes, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Totall Remaining 1st of May: Ewes 79, Weathers 19, Lambs 9, Rams 4, Totall 111 Encreased in Ditto: Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 3, Rams 0, Totall 3 Killed in Ditto: Ewes 79, Weathers 19, Lambs 12, Rams 4, Totall 114 Sent on Board the Liverpool: Ewes 2, Weathers 14, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Totall 14 Died in Ditto: Ewes 77, Weathers 5, Lambs 12, Rams 4, Totall 98 Mole in Ditto: Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Totall 0 Remaining 31st Ditto: Ewes 77, Weathers 1, Lambs 12, Rams 4, Totall 97 Goats: Ewes, Weathers, Kidds, Rams, Totall Remaining 1st of May: Ewes 115, Weathers 9, Kidds 33, Rams 4, Totall 161 Encreased in Ditto: Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 5, Rams 0, Totall 5 Killed in Ditto: Ewes 115, Weathers 9, Kidds 38, Rams 4, Totall 166 Sent on Board the Liverpool: Ewes 3, Weathers 8, Kidds 3, Rams 0, Totall 14 Died in Ditto: Ewes 112, Weathers 1, Kidds 35, Rams 4, Totall 152 Mole in Ditto: Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Totall 0 Remaining 31st Ditto: Ewes 112, Weathers 1, Kidds 35, Rams 4, Totall 152 Hogs: Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Pigs, Boares, Totall Remaining 1st of May: Sows 16, Barrows 16, Shoats 41, Pigs 28, Boares 3, Totall 104 Encreased in Ditto: Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 0, Boares 0, Totall 0 Killed in Ditto: Sows 16, Barrows 16, Shoats 41, Pigs 34, Boares 3, Totall 110 Sent on Board the Liverpool: Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 3, Pigs 0, Boares 0, Totall 3 Died in Ditto: Sows 16, Barrows 13, Shoats 41, Pigs 31, Boares 3, Totall 104 Mole in Ditto: Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 3, Boares 0, Totall 3 Remaining 31st Ditto: Sows 16, Barrows 13, Shoats 41, Pigs 31, Boares 3, Totall 104 Poultry: Turkeys, Fowles, Ducks, Geese Hares: Mares, Stones, Totall Remaining 1st of May: Turkeys 57, Fowles 180, Ducks 21, Geese 12, Mares 8, Stones 7, Totall 15 Encreased in Ditto: Turkeys 0, Fowles 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Mares 0, Stones 0, Totall 0 Killed in Ditto: Turkeys 57, Fowles 180, Ducks 21, Geese 12, Mares 8, Stones 7, Totall 15 Sent on Board the Liverpool: Turkeys 5, Fowles 24, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Mares 0, Stones 0, Totall 0 Died in Ditto: Turkeys 52, Fowles 156, Ducks 21, Geese 12, Mares 8, Stones 7, Totall 15 Mole in Ditto: Turkeys 2, Fowles 4, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Mares 0, Stones 0, Totall 0 Remaining 31st Ditto: Turkeys 50, Fowles 152, Ducks 21, Geese 12, Mares 8, Stones 7, Totall 15 970 lb Beef Sold to the Defence 1008 Do Walpole 1008 Do Marlbrough 1009 Do Lynn 1017 Do Houghton 988 Do Onslow 991 Do Princess Mary 1004 Do Augusta 988 Do Wilmington 1012 Do Britannia Yams Expended at the Several Plantations 29000 One Boy Slave died the 27th Instant named Tom One Woman the 29 Do named Magdalena G G Powell Husbd	An account of the Company's stock for the month of May 1743 followed, each movement row set out with every class named against its figure. Neat cattle ran bullocks, cows, heifers, steers, yearlings, calves and bulls to the total; sheep ran ewes, wethers, lambs and rams; goats ran ewes, wethers, kids and rams; hogs ran sows, barrows, shoats, pigs and boars; poultry ran turkeys, fowls, ducks and geese; horses ran horses and mares. Remaining 1 May, neat cattle: 35 bullocks, 108 cows, 23 heifers, 48 steers, 35 yearlings, 42 calves, 6 bulls, total 297; sheep: 79 ewes, 19 wethers, 9 lambs, 4 rams, total 111; goats: 115 ewes, 9 wethers, 33 kids, 4 rams, total 161; hogs: 16 sows, 16 barrows, 41 shoats, 28 pigs, 3 boars, total 104; poultry: 57 turkeys, 180 fowls, 21 ducks, 12 geese; horses: 8 horses, 7 mares, total 15 Increased in the month, neat cattle: 0 bullocks, 0 cows, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 yearlings, 4 calves, 0 bulls, total 4; sheep: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 3 lambs, 0 rams, total 3; goats: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 5 kids, 0 rams, total 5; hogs: 0 sows, 0 barrows, 0 shoats, 6 pigs, 0 boars, total 6; poultry: 0 turkeys, 0 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 geese; horses: 0 Sum, neat cattle: 35 bullocks, 108 cows, 23 heifers, 48 steers, 35 yearlings, 46 calves, 6 bulls, total 301; sheep: 79 ewes, 19 wethers, 12 lambs, 4 rams, total 114; goats: 115 ewes, 9 wethers, 38 kids, 4 rams, total 166; hogs: 16 sows, 16 barrows, 41 shoats, 34 pigs, 3 boars, total 110; poultry: 57 turkeys, 180 fowls, 21 ducks, 12 geese; horses: 8 horses, 7 mares, total 15 Killed in the month, neat cattle: 27 bullocks, 2 cows, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 yearlings, 2 calves, 0 bulls, total 31; sheep: 0 ewes, 5 wethers, 0 lambs, 0 rams, total 7 [...] 4; goats: 0 ewes, 8 wethers, 3 kids, 0 rams, total 14; hogs: 0 sows, 3 barrows, 0 shoats, 0 pigs, 0 boars, total 3; poultry: 5 turkeys, 24 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 geese; horses: 0 Died in the month, neat cattle: 0; sheep: 0; goats: 0; hogs: 0; poultry: 0 turkeys, 2 fowls, 4 ducks, 0 geese; horses: 0 Remaining 31 May, neat cattle: 8 bullocks, 105 cows, 23 heifers, 48 steers, 35 yearlings, 43 calves, 6 bulls, total 268; sheep: 79 ewes, 4 wethers, 12 lambs, 4 rams, total 99; goats: 112 ewes, 1 wether, 35 kids, 4 rams, total 152; hogs: 16 sows, 13 barrows, 41 shoats, 31 pigs, 3 boars, total 104; poultry: 50 turkeys, 152 fowls, 21 ducks, 12 geese; horses: 8 horses, 7 mares, total 15 970 lb of beef sold to the Defence. 1,008 lb to the Walpole. 1,008 lb to the Marlborough. 1,009 lb to the Lynn. 1,017 lb to the Houghton. 988 lb to the Onslow. 991 lb to the Princess Mary. 1,004 lb to the Augusta. 988 lb to the Wilmington. 1,012 lb to the Britannia. Yams expended at the several plantations, 29,000 lb. One boy slave died the 27th, named Tom. One woman died the 29th, named Magdalena. The account was subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, husband. Interpretations The killings for May tell the whole story of the season's fleet, twenty-seven bullocks taken in the month against the one or two of the quiet earlier months, and the ten named disposals show why, near 10,000 lb of beef sold to the ten ships that lay in the road together, each victualled for her homeward passage from the Company's own herd. The neat cattle fell from 297 to 268 across the month, the bullocks alone dropping from 35 to 8 as the whole class kept for shipping was drawn down to meet the fleet, the herd carrying the concentration of trade that made the island's defence so pressing. The stock stood far above the 239 of the drought's worst but the season had emptied the saleable class as it had in earlier years, the bullocks reduced to a remnant while the breeding cows were barely touched, only two killed among the thirty-one. Two of the Company's slaves died in the month, the boy Tom on 27 May and the woman Magdalena on 29 May, entered on the stock account beneath the cattle and hogs in the same hand and the same column, the establishment reckoning the deaths of the men and women it held as property in the very register of its animals, the starkest mark of their condition the record affords.
66	63	Gunners Stores Expended in the Month of May 1743 Viz: The Day of the Month, Guns fired, Shots fired, 9 Pdrs, 6 Pdrs, 4 Pdrs, 3 Pdrs, 2 Pdrs, ½ Pdr, Powder Expended 1: Fired for Captain Coats Landing: Guns fired 1, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 1, ½lb 0, Powder 1 Do: An Allarm at Susks Cap: Guns fired 2, Shotts 2, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 2, 3lb 0, 2lb 1, ½lb 0, Powder 6 Do: An Allarm at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 2, 3lb 2, 2lb 0, ½lb 2, Powder 13 Do: Arrived the Walpole: Guns fired 1, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 1, ½lb 0, Powder 1 Do: Fired for Captain Louis Landing: Guns fired 1, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 1, ½lb 0, Powder 1 6: An Allarm for the Marlbro: Guns fired 6, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 2, 2lb 2, ½lb 2, Powder 13 7: A Double Allarm for 6 Ships: Guns fired 15, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 6, 2lb 6, ½lb 3, Powder 37½ Do: Fired at Bankes to bring the Houghton too: Guns fired 2, Shotts 2, 9lb 2, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder 14 10: Fired for the Captains Supercargoes & Ships Departure: Guns fired 141, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 2, 4lb 13, 3lb 0, 2lb 126, ½lb 0, Powder 192 20: An Allarm: Guns fired 6, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 2, 2lb 2, ½lb 2, Powder 13 21: Arrived the Brittannia: Guns fired 1, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 1, ½lb 0, Powder 1 Do: Fired for Captain Sennors Landing: Guns fired 1, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 1, ½lb 0, Powder 1 30: Fired for Governour Law: Guns fired 21, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 1, 4lb 5, 3lb 0, 2lb 15, ½lb 0, Powder 42 31: An Allarm: Guns fired 6, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 2, 2lb 2, ½lb 2, Powder 13 Do: Do at Susks Cap: Guns fired 2, Shotts 2, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder 6 Do: Fired at Bankes to bring the Ship too: Guns fired 3, Shotts 3, 9lb 3, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder 21 Do: Fired at Munden's Point for Do: Guns fired 2, Shotts 2, 9lb 2, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder 14 Do: Arrived a Dutch Ship: Guns fired 1, Shotts 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 1, ½lb 0, Powder 1 8 Barrels of Powder for Priming 21 Powder to the Guard and out Ports 33 Totall 261.11.10.18.18.13.195.11.495½ Rammer Heads 6 Sponge Staves 5 Ship Skins 6 Priming Wires 3 Lead Balls 80 lb Match Paper 6 Quire John French N.B. Sixteen Barrells of Powder were by Order delivered to Captain Benson of the Ship Royall Guardian to be forwarded to Fort Marlbro upon the West Coast of Sumatra.	An account of the gunner's stores expended in the month of May 1743 followed, each occasion set out with the guns fired, the shot fired, the classes of gun discharged and the powder against it. The columns ran guns fired, then shot fired, then the classes of gun discharged as 9 pounders, 6 pounders, 4 pounders, 3 pounders, 2 pounders and half pounders, followed by the powder in pounds. 1st, fired for Captain Coates's landing, 9 guns fired, 9 four pounders, 9 lb powder the same, an alarm at Turk's Cap, 9 guns fired, 2 shot, 2 four pounders, 6 lb powder the same, an alarm at Prosperous Bay, 6 guns fired, 2 four pounders, 2 three pounders, 2 two pounders, 13 lb powder the same, saluted the Walpole, 9 guns fired, 9 four pounders, 9 lb powder the same, fired for Captain Lowe's landing, 9 guns fired, 9 four pounders, 9 lb powder 6th, an alarm for the Marlborough, 6 guns fired, 2 four pounders, 2 three pounders, 2 two pounders, 13 lb powder 7th, a double alarm for 2 ships, 15 guns fired, 6 four pounders, 6 three pounders, 3 two pounders, 37.5 lb powder the same, fired at Banks's to bring the Houghton to, 2 guns fired, 2 shot, 2 four pounders, 14 lb powder 16th, fired for the captains, supercargoes and ships' departure, 141 guns fired, 2 shot, 13 four pounders, 126 two pounders, 192 lb powder 20th, an alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 four pounders, 2 three pounders, 2 two pounders, 13 lb powder 21st, saluted the Britannia, 9 guns fired, 9 four pounders, 9 lb powder the same, fired for Captain Skinner's landing, 9 guns fired, 9 four pounders, 9 lb powder 30th, fired for Governor's law, 21 guns fired, 1 shot, 5 six pounders, 15 two pounders, 42 lb powder 31st, an alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 four pounders, 2 three pounders, 2 two pounders, 13 lb powder the same, an alarm at Turk's Cap, 2 guns fired, 2 shot, 2 four pounders, 6 lb powder the same, fired at Banks's to bring the ship to, 3 guns fired, 3 shot, 3 four pounders, 21 lb powder the same, fired at Munden's Point for the same, 2 guns fired, 2 shot, 2 four pounders, 14 lb powder the same, arrived a Dutch ship, 9 guns fired, 9 four pounders, 21 lb powder 8 hemmers of powder for priming, 33 lb powder powder to the guard and outer forts, [...] lb powder total, 264 guns fired, 11 shot, 10 nine pounders, 18 six pounders, 18 four pounders, 14 three pounders, 195 two pounders, 11 half pounders, 1,495.5 lb powder The remaining gunner's stores stood as follows: rammer heads, 6 sponge staves, 6 sheep skins, 5 priming wires, 6 lead balls, 5 lb match, 80 lb paper, 6 quire The account was subscribed by John French, gunner. The gunner noted that sixteen barrels of powder had, by the council's order, been delivered to Captain Benson of the Royal Guardian to be forwarded to Fort Marlborough on the west coast of Sumatra. Interpretations The month's firing measures the season at its height, the salutes for the arrivals and departures of the fleet filling the account, the great entry of 16 May alone consuming 192 lb of powder on 141 guns as the captains, supercargoes and their ships all took their leave together, the single heaviest ceremonial expenditure the record shows. The recurring six-gun alarms at Turk's Cap, Prosperous Bay, Banks's and Munden's Point mark the guns fired to bring strange sail to and to answer sightings, and the firing on 30 May for the Governor's proclamation of the island's law adds a note of civil ceremony amid the shipping. The great total of near 1,500 lb of powder spent in the month, far above the ordinary run, shows how heavily the season taxed the store, the salutes to a whole fleet and the constant alarms consuming the powder as fast as the invoices could bring it, and the sixteen barrels sent on with the Royal Guardian to Bencoolen mark the island serving also as a forwarding depot for the Company's other settlements, munitions passed east through its stores. That the powder ran so freely on ceremony and signal while the establishment armed against war measures the double demand on a station that must both greet the trade and defend it, the store spent alike on courtesy to the fleet and readiness against the enemy.
67	64	Expence of the General Table in the Month of May 1743 Viz: 295 Bottles Port Wine 22.2.6 136 Do Mountain 10.1 21 Do Red Cape 12.- 60 Do White Cape 15.- 9 Do Strong Beer 2.3 206 Do Small Beer 2.- 12 Do Ale 9.- 111 Gallons Arrack 11.2.- 289 lb Sugar 2.6.10 36 lb Sugar Candy 15.- 3½ Casks Flour 5.13.9 5 Bushells Salt 1.3.- 8 Bottles Florence Oyl 1.- 3 lb Pepper 1.6 29 Pieces Salt Beef 1.9.5 17 Pieces Salt Pork 1.15.5 1353 lb Fresh Beef 16.8.3 2 Calves wt 207 5.3.6 8 Sheep 8.- 11 Goates 5.10.- 9 Kidds 9.- 18 Fowles 3.12.- 99 Chickens 16.6 9 Turkeys 1.15.- Hoggs wt 211 Pork 5.5.6 112.5.-	An account of the expense of the general table in the month of May 1743 followed, each item entered with its sum. 295 bottles port wine, £22 2s 6d 136 bottles mountain, £10 4s 0d 24 bottles red cape, £0 12s 0d 60 bottles white cape, £0 15s 0d 9 bottles strong beer, £0 2s 3d 206 bottles small beer, £2 0s 0d 19 bottles ale, £0 9s 0d 111 gallons arrack, £11 2s 0d 288 lb sugar, £2 6s 10d 36 lb sugar candy, £0 13s 0d 3.5 casks flour, £5 13s 9d 5 bushels salt, £1 5s 0d 8 bottles florence oil, £1 0s 0d 3 lb pepper, £0 1s 6d 29 pieces salt beef, £4 9s 0d 17 pieces salt pork, £1 15s 5d 1,353 lb fresh beef, £16 18s 3d 2 calves at 207 lb, £5 3s 6d 8 sheep, £8 0s 0d 11 goats, £0 5s 10d 1 kid, £0 1s 0d 48 fowls, £3 12s 0d 90 chickens, £0 16s 6d 9 turkeys, £1 15s 0d 3 hogs at 211 lb pork, £5 5s 6d total, £112 5s 0d Interpretations The table's cost rose to £112 5s for the month, well above the £85 of April, and the drink accounts for most of the increase, near 300 bottles of port alone and 111 gallons of arrack consumed, the establishment entertaining the commanders of the great fleet in the road at the Company's charge. The red and white cape wines, brought from the Dutch settlement at the Cape by the homeward ships, and the mountain wine of Malaga furnished the table alongside the port, the whole drawn from the shipping the surrounding accounts show gathered at the island, the season's visitors both the reason for the cost and in part its consumers. The meat drawn from the herd matches the stock account of the same month, the 1,353 lb of fresh beef, two calves, eight sheep and three hogs answering the killings entered there, the table fed from the Company's own animals while the fleet was victualled from the same source. The scale of the reckoning measures the burden a station bore in a busy season, the governor's table a place where the masters of the shipping were feasted and the Company's hospitality maintained, the wine, spirits and meat poured out to keep the goodwill of the trade on which the whole establishment depended.
68	65	Account Currant Dr to Sundry Accounts for the following Goods Consigned to Bencoolen p Ship Royall Guardian. Pewter Viz: 1 Cask. 4 doz Pint Spoons 12.- 17 Quart Farringers with Covers 18.- 10 Pint Do Do 13.4 23 Quart Tankards 2.6 23 Pint Do 1.14.6 3 Quart Guineas Basons 3.4½ 1 Cask 5.- Pewter 1 Cask Amounting to £6.12.9½ Small Arms 7 Chests Viz: 48 Buchaneers with Bright Barrells 27.8.3 23 Do Blue Do 14.14.- 30 half Buchaneers with Bright Barrells 26.5.- 17 Do Blue Do 9.9.9 33 Leading guns 12.5.- 2 Draft Musketoons 1.19.- 7 Chests 3.17.- Small Arms 7 Chest Amounting to £95.11.- Earthenware 1 Chest Viz: 24 Large Dishes 1.4.- 36 Middling Do 1.4.- 35 Small Dishes 17.6 12 Three Pint Bowls 4.6 8 Sweet Dutch Muggs 3.- 2 Pottle Juggs 1.- 2 Pint Cans 6.- 2 Butter Basons 6.- 7 Quart Cans 5.3 1 Chest 4.6 Earthenware 1 Chest Amounting to £4.5.3 Cutleryware 1 Chest Viz: 2 doz 7 Small Scissars N°1 2.7.- 1 doz 8 Large Do 2 3.4.- 2 doz Cast Scissars 3 6.- Cutleryware Carried over 11.4.- Carried over £106.12.6	The council took up an account current for the goods consigned to Bencoolen by the Royal Guardian, each item entered with its sum. Pewter, 1 cask: 6 dozen table spoons, £0 18s 0d 12 quart porringers with covers, £0 18s 0d 10 pint the same, £0 13s 4d 23 quart tankards, £2 6s 0d 23 pint the same, £1 11s 6d 5 pound guinea basins, £0 3s 4.5d 1 cask, £0 5s 0d pewter, 1 cask, amounting to, £6 12s 9.5d Small arms, 7 chests: 43 buccaneers with bright barrels, £27 8s 3d 23 the same, blue the same, £14 19s 0d 50 half buccaneers with bright barrels, £26 3s 0d 17 the same, blue the same, £9 2s 0d 33 trading guns, £12 5s 0d 2 brass musketoons, £1 19s 0d 9 chests, £3 19s 0d small arms, 7 chests, amounting to, £95 14s 0d Earthen ware, 1 chest: 24 large dishes, £1 1s 0d 36 middling the same, £1 4s 0d 35 small dishes, £0 17s 6d 12 three pint bowls, £0 4s 6d 8 quart Dutch mugs, £0 3s 0d 2 bottle jugs, £0 1s 0d 2 pint cans, £0 1s 0d 2 butter basins, £0 0s 6d 9 quart cans, £0 5s 3d 1 chest, £0 4s 6d earthen ware, 1 chest, amounting to, £4 5s 3d Cutlery ware, 1 chest: 2 dozen 7 small saltpans, No. 1, £0 9s 9d 1 dozen 8 large the same, No. 2, £0 3s 4d 2 dozen half saltpans, No. 3, £0 0s 6d cutlery ware carried over, £0 11s 4d carried over, £106 12s 4.5d Interpretations The account records goods not landed at the island but forwarded through it to Bencoolen aboard the same Royal Guardian, the pewter, earthenware and cutlery restocking the Company's Sumatran settlement as the island's own invoice had restocked St Helena, the vessel carrying supplies for one factory while passing another. This marks the island's place on the Company's eastern chain, a station through which goods, munitions and provisions moved between England and the settlements further out, its council checking and recording the transit cargo as it did its own. The small arms in this consignment turn on the trade of the eastern settlements rather than their defence, the buccaneers and half buccaneers being large muskets and the thirty-three trading guns cheap firearms made expressly for barter with the peoples of the archipelago, the musketoons short heavy guns for close work. That such weapons were shipped in quantity to Bencoolen shows the different character of the pepper coast, where the Company traded guns to the local powers as goods, a commerce in arms the island merely passed on, its own store meanwhile filled with the muskets and powder it kept for use against the enemy.
69	66	Brought over £106.12.6 Cutleryware brought over 11.4 1 doz Prisons N°4 2.- 2 doz Button Rasors 5 3.- 2½ doz Fine Foils 6 7.6 11 doz 2 best Flapp points 8 1.6.3 4 doz Engine cut Cocoa 9 14.- 1 doz Horne Combs 10 1.3.- 2 doz Do larger 11 3.- 1 Box 1.9 Cutleryware 1 Chest Amounting to £3.12.8 Looking Glasses 1 Box Viz: 1 doz 5 Ambling Glasses A 8.6 2 doz Do B 15.- 1 doz 11 Do C 17.2 1 Box 1.6 Looking Glasses 1 Box Amounting to £2.5.2 Bayes 2 Bales Viz: 1 Bale Bayes Cont 2 lb 4.19.- 1 Do Cont 2 lb 4.19.- Bayes 2 Bales Amounting to £9.18.- Beads 1 Chest Viz: Red lb wt 6 Green Do wt 12 14.- Black & White Middle Round Red White wt 91 Blue Yellow Black lb wt 60 Yellow Black & White Stripe 15 Purples Small red White 102 Blue Small Green 3 56 Yellow Small Blue 3 4291 15.15.3 Yellow 4 Chest 19.15.2 Actual lb 16.8.1 Beads 1 Chest Amounting to£16.8.1 Carried over £138.13.11½	The account current for the goods consigned to Bencoolen continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £106 10s 4.5d, the cutlery ware brought over at £0 11s 4d. Cutlery ware, 1 chest: 1 dozen penknives, No. 1, £0 2s 0d 2 dozen letter cases, No. 5, £0 5s 0d 24 dozen fish hooks, No. 6, £0 7s 6d 14 dozen 8 best knife points, No. 8, £1 6s 8d 1 dozen engineers' tools, No. 9, £0 14s 0d 1 dozen horse combs, No. 10, £0 1s 3d 2 dozen the same, larger, No. 11, £0 3s 0d 1 box, £0 1s 9d cutlery ware, 1 chest, amounting to, £3 12s 8d Looking glasses, 1 box: 1 dozen 5 looking glasses, No. A, £0 8s 6d 1 the same, No. B, £0 16s 0d 1 dozen the same, No. C, £0 17s 2d 1 box, £0 1s 6d looking glasses, 1 box, amounting to, £2 5s 2d Bays, 2 bales: 1 bale bays containing 4 pieces, £4 19s 0d 1 the same, containing 4 pieces, £4 19s 0d bays, 2 bales, amounting to, £9 18s 0d Beads, 1 chest: red pipe, green the same and black and white the same, 12 lb, £0 19s 0d middle round red, white, blue and yellow, 99 lb black pipe, yellow and black and white stripe, 15 lb purple, small red, white and blue, 102 lb small green and yellow, 56 lb small dove and yellow, 291 lb, £15 15s 3d 1 chest, £0 9s 0d deduct 14 lb, £17 3s 3d beads, 1 chest, amounting to, £16 8s 1d carried over, £138 15s 11.5d Interpretations The great chest of beads is the most telling item, near five hundred pounds of glass beads in many colours and sizes, red, blue, green, yellow, white and dove, sorted by kind and shipped east for the Bencoolen trade, the currency of barter on the pepper coast where the Company bought its cargoes from the local peoples with such goods rather than with money. That beads made up a distinct and valuable line in the consignment marks the wholly different commerce of the eastern settlements, where trinkets and cloth served as the medium of exchange, the island merely forwarding what the Sumatran trade required. The bays, a coarse woollen cloth, and the looking glasses, cutlery and horse combs continue the assortment of English manufactures and small wares carried on to Bencoolen, goods either for the settlement's own use or for its trade with the country. The island's role throughout this account is that of a way station on the Company's route east, the Royal Guardian laden at London with supplies for two factories at once, dropping St Helena's share and carrying the rest on, the council recording every parcel of the transit cargo with the same care it gave its own stores, the machinery of a long trade passing through its hands.
70	67	Brought over £138.13.11½ Salt 3 Casks p Lorain Cont 78 Bushells 1.9.6 3 Casks 19.- Salt 3 Casks Amounting to £5.1.6 Tobacco 1 Hhd wt 639 at 4d p lb 11.17.- Gun Flints 1 Cask Cont 4000 Best Scotch 1.1.6 24 Negroes Collars & Chains 1.8.- Shackles & Cuffs 1 Cask Viz: 50 lb Fetters 2.10.- 50 lb Leg-locks for Do 1.6 50 lb hand Cuffs 16.8 100 Rivetts 1.- 1 Cask 2.- Shackles & Cuffs 1 Cask Amounting to £3.11.2 Bullets 2 Casks Viz: 1000 of 18 lb 2.1 1000 of 22 lb 1.19 3.20 14.10 2 Cask 1.6 Bullets 2 Casks Amounting to £16.4 Swifts Sloops Cargoe Amounting to £165.11.3½ Coals 2 Chaldron 3.7.10 Beef 3 Hhds 30 Pork 2 Hhds 13.6.8 Flour 4 Barrells 7.10.- Cordage 1 Cable 17 Inch qty Cont 3.9 at 32/- 105.12.4½ Copper Money 4 Chests Viz: 10 Baggs Half Distance Cont 35958 37.9.1½ 13 Do Whole Cont 32250 67.3.9 Copper Money 4 Chests Amounting to £104.12.10½ Small Arms 2 Chests 23 Short Musketts with Bayonets 44.3.1 25 Do at 1lb8 5.2.6 1 Case 2 Musketoons 2 Bullet Moulds 83.1.- 16 Barrells Gun Powder at 3.4 132.9.10 Small Arms 2 Chests Amounting to 362.11.-	The account current for the goods consigned to Bencoolen continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £138 15s 11.5d. Salt, 3 casks: 3 casks of Lymon containing 18 bushels, £4 9s 6d 3 casks, £0 19s 0d salt, 3 casks, amounting to, £5 1s 6d Tobacco, 1 hogshead: of 632 lb at 4.5d the pound, £11 17s 0d Gun flints, 1 cask: of 4,000 best French, £1 1s 6d 24 pieces collars and chains, £1 8s 0d Shackles and cuffs, 1 cask: 50 pairs fetters, £2 10s 0d 50 pairs foot locks for the same, £0 1s 6d 50 pairs hand cuffs, £0 16s 8d 100 rivets, £0 1s 0d 1 cask, £0 2s 0d shackles and cuffs, 1 cask, amounting to, £3 11s 2d Bullets, 2 casks: 1,000 of 18 lb, 2 hundredweight 1 quarter 1,000 of 22 lb, 1 hundredweight 19 lb, 3 hundredweight 20 lb, £14 10s 0d 2 casks, £0 1s 6d bullets, 2 casks, amounting to, £16 1s 0d Swift's stores cargo, amounting to, £165 11s 5.5d Coals: 2 chaldron, £3 9s 10d Beef, 3 hogsheads: beef, 3 hogsheads, £30 0s 0d Pork, 2 hogsheads: pork, 2 hogsheads, £13 6s 8d Flour, 4 barrels: flour, 4 barrels, £9 10s 0d Cordage: 1 cable of 17 inch of 3 hundredweight 3 quarters, 3 hundredweight 3 quarters 9 lb at 32s 1d, £103 12s 1.5d Copper money, 4 chests: 10 bags half dollars containing 33,958, £37 9s 1.5d 13 the same, whole, containing 32,250, £69 3s 9d copper money, 4 chests, amounting to, £104 12s 10.5d Small arms, 2 chests: 25 short muskets with bayonets, £44 3s 4d 25 the same, £5 0s 8d 1 case, 2 musketoons and 2 bullet moulds, £0 5s 0d 16 barrels gunpowder at 3 [...] 4, £83 4s 0d small arms, 2 chests, amounting to, £132 9s 0d total, £362 11s 0d Interpretations The shackles, fetters, hand cuffs and neck collars with chains, shipped by the fifty pair, are the plainest record the archive affords of the eastern settlements' traffic in human beings, the irons of the slave trade forwarded to Bencoolen through the island as ordinary stores, entered in the same account as the coals and flour. The Company's Sumatran factory drew slaves from the archipelago and the coasts about it, and the manacles to hold them were carried out from England like any other manufacture, the island passing on the instruments of bondage without remark, its own establishment of slaves clothed and fed from the same ships that bore these. The copper money in bulk, near sixty-six thousand half and whole dollars, and the small arms with sixteen barrels of powder measure the different needs of the pepper coast, coin to trade with and weapons to defend a settlement more exposed than the island. The whole consignment, closing at £362 11s, was the Royal Guardian's onward lading for Bencoolen, the vessel carrying to one factory what it had already delivered in kind to another, and the sixteen barrels of powder here join the sixteen the gunner had noted sent east, the island a conduit through which the Company armed and supplied the further reaches of its trade.
71	68	John Godfrey Dr to Swifts Sloops Cargoe for the following Goods Sold Viz: Pewter Viz: 1 Quart Tankard 3.- 1 Pint Do 1.6 2 Do Farringers with Covers 3.4 1 doz Two pound Guinea Basons 1.16.- 7 One pound Do Do 10.6 2.16.4 Earthenware Viz: 11 Quart Cans Painted 16.6 20 Pint Do 1.- 34 Quart Bowles 2.11 24 Three Pint Do 1.7.- 7 Dishes 14.- 24 Soup Plates 19.- 4 Small Middle Basons 3.- 22 Butter Basons 11.- 8 Gallon Juggs 12.- 18 half Do 11.- 21 Quart Muggs 1.1.- 12 Pint Do 8.- 60 Pint Farringers 1.- 5 Quart Dutch Muggs 5.- 17 Pint Do 8.6 12.3.- Looking Glasses 1 C 4.- Pipes 10 Gross Houting 1.19.- 19.2.4 Ship Royall Guardian Dr to Sundry Accounts £16.4.9 To Garrison for Anchorage 5.- A Vessel Sworn a Bawrett Powder delivered 3.10.- To Plantation 999 lb Beef 8.-.9 £16.4.9	An account was charged to John Godfrey for goods of the Swift's stores cargo sold to him, each item entered with its sum. Pewter: 1 quart tankard, £0 3s 0d 1 pint the same, £0 1s 6d 2 the same, porringers with covers, £0 3s 4d 1 dozen two pound guinea basins, £0 16s 0d 9 one pound the same, £0 10s 6d pewter amounting to, £2 16s 4d Earthen ware: 11 quart cans, painted, £0 10s 6d 20 pint the same, £0 0s 0d 34 quart bowls, £2 11s 0d 24 three pint the same, £1 7s 0d 7 dishes, £0 14s 0d 24 soup plates, £0 12s 0d 4 small saddle basins, £0 3s 0d 22 butter basins, £0 11s 0d 8 gallon jugs, £0 12s 0d 14 half the same, £0 14s 0d 21 quart mugs, £1 1s 0d 12 pint the same, £0 8s 0d 6 pint porringers, £0 1s 0d 5 quart Dutch mugs, £0 5s 0d 17 pint the same, £0 8s 6d earthen ware, 12 [...] 3d Looking glasses, 1 lot: looking glasses, 1 lot, £0 4s 0d Pipes: 10 gross bunting, £0 1s 4d total, £19 2s 4d The Royal Guardian was charged with the following sums on sundry accounts, running to £16 4s 9d. by garrison for anchorage, £0 0s 5d by small stores, a decanter and cruet delivered, £3 10s 0d by plantation, 499 lb beef, £12 9s 9d total, £16 4s 9d Interpretations The charge to John Godfrey, the third of council, for pewter and earthenware bought of the Swift's stores shows the councillors themselves buying at the Company's sales, the goods landed from the ship sold on the island for the Company's account and a member paying for his own share, the same officer who elsewhere signed and passed these very accounts here entered as a purchaser. The mass of plain crockery, quart bowls, soup plates, mugs and jugs, suggests a member furnishing his own household from the ship's stores, the domestic wares the island imported passing into private hands at valuation. The small charges against the Royal Guardian record what the ship itself owed the island, an anchorage fee for lying in the road, the price of a decanter and cruet supplied from the stores, and beef furnished to her from the plantation, the vessel debited for the services and provisions the island rendered her. This is the reciprocal of the great supply the same ship had brought, the account running both ways, the Company's factory charging its own ship for what it gave her as it credited her for what she delivered, every transaction entered so that the reckoning between ship and shore stood square.
72	69	1743 May 17 Sundry Accounts Dr to Ship Royall Guardian £16.4.9 Gunners Stores a Barrell Powder Received £3.10.- Cash for the Ballance paid into the Hono Companys Chest 12.14.9 £16.4.9 May 16 to 15 Ship Walpole Dr to Sundry Accounts £18.5.- To Garrison for Anchorage £5.- To Naval Stores a Barrell Powder delivered 3.10.- To Plantation 1008 lb Beef 12.12.- To Stores 1.18.- £18.5.- Sundry Accounts Dr to Ship Walpole £18.5.- Gunners Stores a Barrell Powder Received £3.10.- Cash for the Ballance paid into the Hono Companys Chest 14.15.- £18.5.- Ship Defence Dr to Sundry Accounts £16.5.10 To Garrison for Anchorage £5.- To Naval Stores a Barrell Powder delivered 3.10.- To Plantation 990 lb Beef 12.9.6 To Stores 8.4 £16.5.10 Sundry Accounts Dr to Ship Defence £16.5.10 Gunners Stores a Barrell Powder Received £3.10.- Cash for the Ballance paid into the Hono Companys Chest 12.15.10 £16.5.10 Ship Lynn Dr to Sundry Accounts £32.10.5 To Garrison for Anchorage £5.- To Naval Stores a Barrell Powder delivered 5.15.- To Plantation 1009 lb Beef 12.13.- To Stores 13.17.5 £32.10.5 Cash Dr to Ship Lynn for the Ballance of Said Ships Account paid into the Hono Companys Chest 32.10.5 £32.10.5	A series of ship accounts followed for May 1743, each vessel charged and the balance settled, entered with its sums. On 21 May, the Royal Guardian was charged on sundry accounts, £16 4s 9d. gunner's stores, 2 barrels powder received, £3 10s 0d cash for the balance paid into the Company's chest, £12 14s 9d total, £16 4s 9d On 13 May, the Walpole was charged on sundry accounts, £18 5s 0d. by garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d by naval stores, a barrel powder delivered, £3 10s 0d by plantation, 1,008 lb beef, £12 12s 0d by stores, £1 18s 0d total, £18 5s 0d The Walpole was charged on sundry accounts, £18 5s 0d. gunner's stores, 2 barrels powder received, £3 10s 0d cash for the balance paid into the Company's chest, £14 15s 0d total, £18 5s 0d The Defence was charged on sundry accounts, £16 5s 10d. by garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d by naval stores, a barrel powder delivered, £3 10s 0d by plantation, 990 lb beef, £12 2s 6d by stores, £0 8s 4d total, £16 5s 10d The Defence was charged on sundry accounts, £16 5s 10d. gunner's stores, 2 barrels powder received, £3 10s 0d cash for the balance paid into the Company's chest, £12 15s 10d total, £16 5s 10d The Lynn was charged on sundry accounts, £32 10s 5d. by garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d by naval stores, a barrel powder delivered, £5 15s 0d by plantation, 1,009 lb beef, £12 13s 0d by stores, £13 17s 5d total, £32 10s 5d Cash was charged to the Lynn for the balance of the ship's account paid into the Company's chest, £32 10s 5d. Interpretations These paired entries show the double-entry method by which the island squared its account with each ship, the vessel first charged with what it received, the anchorage, powder, beef and stores supplied to her, and then the same total balanced by the cash and powder she rendered back, so that every ship left the road with a settled reckoning. The anchorage fee, a uniform 5s on each vessel, was the charge for lying in the island's road under its protection, a small standing due the Company took from its own shipping. The powder entries run both ways in a telling exchange, a barrel of the island's naval store delivered to each ship for her defence and two barrels received back into the gunner's store, the vessels resupplying the island's powder as they drew on its beef, the establishment's magazine replenished from the fleet even as it spent so heavily on salutes and alarms. The beef sold to each ship, near a thousand pounds apiece and matching the killings of the stock account, was the largest charge in every reckoning, the island's chief service to the homeward trade being the fresh provision that carried the crews through the long passage home.
73	70	Ship Marlbrough Dr to Sundry Accounts £22.17.2 To Garrison for Anchorage £5.- To Naval Stores a Barrell Powder not delivered 5.15.- To Plantation 1008 lb Beef 12.12.- To Stores 4.5.2 £22.17.2 Account Currant Dr to Ship Marlbrough £22.17.2 for the Bill on Captain Richard Hicklefeild Payable to the Honble Company £22.17.2 £22.17.2 Agreeable to the Resolution of last Consultation We this day Sold at Publick Outcry the Damaged goods in the Stores, the Account Sales whereof are as follows Viz: Account Sales of Damaged Goods Sold by Publick Auction out of the Honourable Companys Stores Viz: Bunting 9½ Yards Blue and Red 1 Blanketts 20 3.14.3 Broad Cloth 24¼ Yards 6.5.- Brazierware Viz: 5 Chaffing Dishes 3.- 1 Copper Pump 2.- 3.2.- Blocks Viz: 1 Geer Block 1 Ivant Do 1.- Corn Mills 3 5.6.- Combs Viz: 9 Horse Combs 1 Buckling Do 6.- Carried over £10.9.6	The Marlborough was charged on sundry accounts, £22 17s 2d. by garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d by naval stores, a barrel powder not delivered, £5 15s 0d by plantation, 1,008 lb beef, £12 12s 0d by stores, £4 5s 2d total, £22 17s 2d The Marlborough was charged on an account current, £22 17s 2d. by the bill on Captain Richard Micklefield payable to the Company, £22 17s 2d total, £22 17s 2d Following its resolution at the previous meeting, the council sold at public auction that day the damaged goods in the stores. The account sales of those goods, sold out of the Company's stores, ran as follows, each item entered with its sum. bunting, 9.5 yards blue and red, £0 0s 1d blankets, 20, £3 14s 3d broad cloth, 24.25 yards, £6 5s 0d Braziers' ware: 5 chafing dishes, £0 3s 0d 1 copper pump, £0 2s 0d braziers' ware, £3 2s 0d Blocks: 1 gear block and 1 ivant the same, £0 1s 0d Corn mills: corn mills, 3, £5 6s 0d Combs: 9 horse combs and 1 buckling the same, £0 6s 0d carried over, £10 9s 6d Interpretations The Marlborough's reckoning shows a ship settling her balance not in cash but by a bill of exchange, the sum she owed the island made over as a draft on Captain Micklefield payable to the Company, the debt discharged by paper rather than coin, a convenience where ready money was short and the parties all served the same Company. The entry for a barrel of powder not delivered, still charged in the account, marks a store the ship was debited for though it did not pass, corrected in the reckoning between vessel and shore. The public auction of the establishment's own damaged goods, resolved at the previous meeting and now carried out, was the routine means by which the Company cleared spoiled and unsaleable stores from its books, the bunting, cloth, braziers' ware and worn implements sold off to the island's inhabitants at whatever they would fetch. This turned dead stock into a little cash and kept the storekeeper's account clean, the same discipline of regular reckoning the whole run shows the establishment keeping after the deficiency of 1741, even the refuse of the stores brought to account and sold rather than left to waste unrecorded.
74	71	Ship Marlbrough Dr to Sundry Accounts £22.17.2 To Garrison for Anchorage £5.- To Naval Stores a Barrell Powder not delivered 5.15.- To Plantation 1008 lb Beef 12.12.- To Stores 4.5.2 £22.17.2 Account Currant Dr to Ship Marlbrough £22.17.2 for the Bill on Captain Richard Hicklefeild Payable to the Honble Company £22.17.2 £22.17.2 Agreeable to the Resolution of last Consultation We this day Sold at Publick Outcry the Damaged goods in the Stores, the Account Sales whereof are as follows Viz: Account Sales of Damaged Goods Sold by Publick Auction out of the Honourable Companys Stores Viz: Bunting 9½ Yards Blue and Red 1 Blanketts 20 3.14.3 Broad Cloth 24¼ Yards 6.5.- Brazierware Viz: 5 Chaffing Dishes 3.- 1 Copper Pump 2.- 3.2.- Blocks Viz: 1 Geer Block 1 Ivant Do 1.- Corn Mills 3 5.6.- Combs Viz: 9 Horse Combs 1 Buckling Do 6.- Carried over £10.9.6	The Marlborough was charged on sundry accounts, £22 17s 2d. by garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d by naval stores, a barrel powder not delivered, £5 15s 0d by plantation, 1,008 lb beef, £12 12s 0d by stores, £4 5s 2d total, £22 17s 2d The Marlborough was charged on an account current, £22 17s 2d. by the bill on Captain Richard Micklefield payable to the Company, £22 17s 2d total, £22 17s 2d Following its resolution at the previous meeting, the council sold at public auction that day the damaged goods in the stores. The account sales of those goods, sold out of the Company's stores, ran as follows, each item entered with its sum. bunting, 9.5 yards blue and red, £0 0s 1d blankets, 20, £3 14s 3d broad cloth, 24.25 yards, £6 5s 0d Braziers' ware: 5 chafing dishes, £0 3s 0d 1 copper pump, £0 2s 0d braziers' ware, £3 2s 0d Blocks: 1 gear block and 1 ivant the same, £0 1s 0d Corn mills: corn mills, 3, £5 6s 0d Combs: 9 horse combs and 1 buckling the same, £0 6s 0d carried over, £10 9s 6d
75	72	Brought over £36.6.1 Haberdasheryware Viz: 9975 Pins 2.6 17 pr Tape 1.3 15 lb China Silk 15.1 9 lb Balladoine 6.6 54 lb Mohair with a Parcel in a Cask 9.3¾ 60.10 Buttons 5.1 248 Yards Ribband 1.7.- 41 pr Womens Thread Gloves 9¼ 22 pr Mens Buck Leather Do 3.6¾ 20 doz Womens Laces 5.6 2 Sevill Do 13.19.3 Jacks 1 1.- Iron Potts 4 12.8 Lanthorns Viz: 1 Masonry Light 54 horn Lanthorns 12 Glass Lights 2.10.3 Lace and Edging Viz: 21½ Yards Lace 181 Yards Edging 1.10.- Crape Viz: 9½ Yards Dark Crapes 40 Yards Light Do 6.2.2¾ Starch and Hair Powder Viz: 46 lb Starch 1.1.- 84 lb Hair Powder 14.6 15.6 Shoes Viz: 67 pr Mens Pad Slippers 4.9¼ 128 pr Justos Shoes 1.13.11 34 pr Boys Do 44 pr Womens Do 2 pr Mens Do 1.18.8½ Hoseware Viz: 16 pr Womens Scarlet Stockings 13 21 pr Mens Twisted Do 1.11.- 235½ pr Mens Silk Do 5.4.6 7 pr Boys Twisted Do 8- Hoseware Carried over £1.16.6 Carried over £36.15.7¾	The account sales of damaged goods continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £36 6s 1d. Haberdashery ware: 9,975 pins, £0 2s 6d 15 lb the same, coarse, £0 1s 5d 15 lb china silk, £0 15s 1d 1 lb balladine, £0 5s 6d 24 lb mohair with a parcel in a cask, £0 9s 3.5d 6 dozen 10 buttons, £0 5s 1d 243 yards ribbon, £1 1s 0d 41 pairs women's thread gloves, £0 0s 9.5d 22 pairs men's wash leather the same, £0 3s 6.5d 20 dozen women's laces, £0 5s 6d 2 twist the same, £0 0s 0d haberdashery ware, £3 19s 3d Sacks: sacks, 1, £0 0s 0d Iron pots: iron pots, 4, £0 12s 8d Lanthorns: 1 mussory light, £0 0s 0d 33 horn lanthorns, £0 0s 0d 12 glass lights, £0 0s 0d lanthorns, £2 10s 3d Lace and edging: 21.5 yards lace, £0 0s 0d 185 yards edging, £0 0s 0d lace and edging, £1 10s 0d Crape: 9 pieces dark crape, £0 0s 0d 40 yards light the same, £0 0s 0d crape, £6 2s 2.5d Starch and hair powder: 16 lb starch, £0 1s 0d 81 lb hair powder, £0 14s 6d starch and hair powder, £0 15s 6d Shoes: 10 pairs men's dock slippers, £0 4s 9.5d 108 pairs gates shoes, £0 0s 0d 39 pairs boys' the same, £0 0s 0d 14 pairs women's the same, £1 13s 11d 2 pairs men's the same, £0 0s 0d shoes, £1 18s 8.5d Hosiery ware: 16 pairs women's scarlet stockings, £0 13s 0d 21 pairs men's the same, £0 11s 0d 23.5 pairs men's silk the same, £5 4s 6d 17 pairs boys' worsted the same, £0 8s 0d hosiery ware carried over, £1 16s 6d carried over, £36 15s 7.5d Interpretations The damaged goods sold at this auction reach far beyond bulk stores into the finer wares the Company's western trade carried, china silk, mohair, ribbon, lace, crape and silk stockings, the very goods the storekeeper sold to the inhabitants in ordinary course now cleared as spoiled at whatever price they would bring. Balladine was a raw thrown silk from the Levant, and mohair the fine goat's-hair yarn, both textile materials for a market that could work them, their appearance among the refuse showing that even costly imported stuffs perished in store on a damp island and had to be written off. Hair powder and the scarlet and silk stockings mark goods of fashion and gentility carried to the settlement, the powder for dressing wigs and the fine hose for those who could afford them, a reminder that the island's trade served not only the plain wants of the garrison but the small vanities of a settled society. That such things spoiled and came to public outcry measures the hazard of keeping delicate manufactures through long storage in a maritime climate, the Company recovering what little it could rather than let the damaged silk and lace waste unsold, every remnant brought to the auction block and entered in the account.
76	73	Brought over £36.15.7¾ Hoserware Brought over 1.16.6 1 pr Girles Worsted Stockings 6 1 pr Boyes Silk Do 2.10 2 pr Mens Worsted Do 1.6 39 pr Thread Socks 3.10 8.7.2 Stays Viz: 9 pr Whips 29 pr Jumps 51 pr Bodices 5.5.5 Stationaryware Viz: 3 Whole Duty Man 27 Playfords Calms 10 Lisbon Grammers 10 Sentential Fewells 18 Spelling Books 10 Salsuk 1 Beveridges Thoughts 12.4½ Soldiers Cloaths &c 92 lb Mens Blue Worsted Hose 2.8.7 Thread N°1 Coloured 2.3 Twine &c Viz: 115 lb Twine 1.-½ 59 lb Shoe Thread 9 1.11.2 Pewter Viz: 3 Pot Pans 1.9 11 Cheese Plates 1.1.- 20 Ring Stands 7.1 3 Tankards 8.2 34 Candlesticks 19 pr Snuffers and Stands 14.3 7 Stands without Snuffers 10 40 Wanton Cette 2.3 21 half Do 1.11 5 Salts 2.17.3 Turnerware Viz: 18 hair Brooms 1.8¾ 15 Wooden Bowls 1.2.- 2 Do Ladles 6- 5 Square Trays 3.5¾ European Goods Carried over £76.14.1	The account sales of damaged goods continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £36 15s 7.5d, the hosiery ware brought over at £1 16s 6d. Hosiery ware: 7 pairs girls' worsted stockings, £0 0s 6d 1 pair girls' silk the same, £0 0s 6d 2 pairs men's worsted the same, £0 2s 10d 39 pairs thread socks, £0 5s 10d hosiery ware, £8 9s 2d Stays: 9 pairs stays 20 pairs jumps 54 pairs boddice stays, £5 5s 5d Stationery ware: 3 reams Dutch demy, £0 0s 0d 29 Playford's psalms, £0 0s 0d 10 Sutton grammars, £0 0s 0d 10 sundries the same, needles, £0 0s 0d 18 spelling books, £0 0s 0d 40 sundries, £0 0s 0d 1 beverage's thoughts, £0 0s 0d stationery ware, £0 2s 4.5d Soldiers' clothes: 99 pairs men's blue worsted hose, £2 8s 7d Thread: No. 1 coloured, £0 2s 3d Twine: 115 lb twine, £1 4s 0d 50 lb the same, thread, £0 11s 0d twine, £1 11s 2d Pewter: 3 bed pans, £0 1s 9d 11 cheese plates, £1 1s 0d 20 ring stands, £0 7s 1d 3 tankards, £0 8s 2d 39 candlesticks, £0 0s 0d 12 pairs snuffers and stands, £0 14s 3d 7 stands without snuffers, £0 0s 10d 40 quart pots, £0 2s 3d 21 half the same, £0 1s 11d 5 salts, £0 0s 0d pewter, £2 19s 3d Turners' ware: 18 hair brooms, £0 1s 8d 18 wooden bowls, £0 1s 2d 5 the same, ladles, £0 0s 6d 5 square trays, £0 0s 0d turners' ware, £0 3s 5.5d carried over, £76 19s 1d Interpretations The stationery among the damaged goods opens a rare window on the settlement's cultural and religious life, the spilled and spoiled stock including Playford's psalms, Sutton's grammars, spelling books and a copy of Beveridge's Thoughts, the schoolbooks and devotional works the island imported for its children and its worship. Playford's was the standard psalter for parish singing and Beveridge a popular collection of religious reflections, their presence in the storekeeper's stock showing the Company supplying not only the body but the mind and soul of the settlement, the means of teaching the young to read and the parish to sing carried out from London with the pins and pewter. The stays, jumps and bodices point to the women of the settlement clothed from the same imported stores, jumps being a looser unboned bodice worn in place of stiff stays, the whole apparatus of female dress shipped ready-made like the men's coats and shoes. That these delicate wares of paper and cloth had spoiled and come to auction measures again the toll a maritime climate took on stored goods, the books, stays and fine hose perishing together, the Company recovering a few shillings on each and clearing its books of what the damp and the long keeping had ruined.
77	74	European Goods Brought over £76.14.1 India Goods Viz: Blue Linnen 60 lb 6.14.4 Chints 105 lb 36.14.6 Chellow 1 lb 9.6 Chinaware Viz: 4 Tea Potts 9 Bowles 1 Plate 2.10 Long Cloth 18 lb 22.9.6 Romalls 95 lb 11.10.- Voosees 9 lb 4.4.9 Shirts and Stockings Viz: 25 Shirts 16.8 39 pr Stockings 15.6 1.12.2 Pattamperes 9 1.1 Taffetty 6 lb 6 161.3.3 Mr Richard Goodwin this day Presented a Petition Praying that his Son Thomas Goodwin a Lad of about fourteen Years of Age might have Liberty to Proceed to England upon one of the Ships in the Road. Granted Mr Joseph Kendall Presented the following Petition Viz: To the Worshipfull George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governour &c Council of St Helena. The humble Petition of Joseph Kendall Sheweth. That your Petitioner has great Cause to believe that it will be much to his Advantage to leave this Island and Proceed to England Your Petitioner therefore begs that your Worship	The account sales of damaged goods continued from the previous leaf, the European goods brought over standing at £76 19s 1d. India goods: blue linen, 66 pieces, £6 14s 4d chintz, 103 pieces, £36 14s 6d cheloe, 1 piece, £0 9s 6d Chinaware: 4 tea pots, £0 0s 0d 2 bowls, £0 2s 10d 1 plate, £0 0s 0d long cloth, 18 pieces, £22 2s 6d romalls, 43 pieces, £11 10s 0d seesees, 1 piece, £4 4s 9d Shirts and stockings: 25 shirts, £0 0s 0d 39 pairs stockings, £0 0s 0d shirts and stockings, £1 12s 2d palampores, 2, £0 4s 9d taffety, 25 pieces, £0 6s 0d total, £161 3s 3d Richard Goodwin presented a petition that day, asking that his son Thomas Goodwin, a boy of about fourteen, be allowed to sail for England aboard one of the ships in the road. This was granted. Joseph Kendall then presented a petition addressed to Governor George Gabriel Powell and the council. He set out that he had good cause to believe it would be much to his advantage to leave the island and go to England, and asked the council for leave to do so. Interpretations The India goods that close the auction record the Company's eastern trade in cotton textiles, the chintz, long cloth, romalls, seesees, palampores and taffety being the printed and woven cottons of the Indian coast that the Company carried west for sale, the largest and most valuable class of damaged goods on the whole list. Chintz was the painted or printed calico prized in Europe, romalls squares of silk or cotton used as handkerchiefs, palampores large printed bed covers and seesees a fine striped muslin, the named varieties measuring the range of Indian manufactures the island's storekeeper offered, spoiled here in bulk and cleared at a fraction of their worth. The two petitions for leave to depart show the ordinary traffic of the council, a father seeking a passage home for his young son and a servant asking leave to go on his own account, the fleet in the road offering the rare chance of a passage that the island's isolation otherwise denied. The care taken to enter each request and its answer, the boy's leave granted at once, reflects the council's control over who might come and go, the settlement's remoteness making a passage to England a thing to be sought and formally allowed rather than freely taken.
78	75	Worship and Council will be Pleased to Grant him Liberty to take his Passage Accordingly on Board one of the Ships now in the Road. And your Petitioner will ever Pray &c. Joseph Kendall St Helena 4th June 1743 Granted We this day read over the rough Draught of the General Letter to our Honourable Masters and Ordered the same Copyed fair to be Transmitted by the Departing Fleet. Some other things are Yet Remaining Unsold Such as Pewter and Iron, the Reason why: because no Person would bid upon them, therefore Agree to Mention this Particular to the Honourable Company that so We may Receive Orders Concerning it. Mr Robert Wright commenced Storekeep the 31 day of May last, and from that time stands Charged with the Honble Companys Store, the Particulars of which you have Aff this Sheet under date the said 31 day of May 1743. G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright.	Joseph Kendall asked the council to grant him leave to take his passage aboard one of the ships then in the road. The petition was dated at St Helena, 14 June 1743, and subscribed by Joseph Kendall. This was granted. The council read over that day the rough draft of the general letter to the Company, and ordered a fair copy made to be sent home by the departing fleet. Some other things remained in the stores, such as pewter and iron, which no person would bid for. The council therefore resolved to enter these particulars to the Company, so that it might receive orders concerning them. Robert Wright had begun as storekeeper on 31 May last, and from that time stood charged with the Company's stores, the particulars of which the council sent home by this fleet under the date of 31 May 1743. This was subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. Interpretations The unsold pewter and iron left after the auction reveal the limit of the market on a small island, some damaged goods finding no buyer at any price, and the council's decision to report them to the Company for orders rather than force a sale shows the discipline of account it kept, unwilling either to give the stuff away or to leave it unentered, referring the question home so that the loss should be authorised and recorded. This is the same care for exact reckoning the whole run displays, the establishment answerable for every article and reluctant to write anything off without the Company's warrant. The formal note that Robert Wright took charge of the stores on 31 May, with the inventory sent home under that date, marks the orderly transfer of the storekeeper's office and the fixing of his liability from a precise day, exactly the safeguard whose absence had produced the great deficiency of 1741, when goods and cash passed between hands without any attested reckoning. That the new storekeeper's charge was dated to the day and reported to London at once shows how thoroughly the lesson of that scandal had been learned, the office now handed over on a sworn account so that each man answered only for what he received, the whole apparatus of the establishment built to prevent the concealment that had cost the Company so dear.
79	76	A Consultation held on Tuesday the 27th June 1743 at the Castle: Present George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2nd of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was Read and approved On the 19th Instant arrived here a Dutch Ship from the Cape called the Vreeland Captain. On the 20th Instant sailed home his Majestys Ship Dover Captain Frederick Rogers together with our Honble Masters Ships Augusta, Princess Mary, Houghton, Wilmington Onslow and Brittannia for England On the 22 Instant sailed for Holland the Dutch Companys Ships Knappenhoff and Vreeland The Governour Reports that he is under very great Concern upon Account of Mr Christopher Dixons Still Continuing his Insults and Rudeness whensoever he happens to see him either at Church or in the Street; for that last Sunday in the Church and in the time of Divine Service, Mr Dixon who sat in the Pew with the Governour, took the Liberty when the Governours Eyes and Attention was otherwise employed than to mind his Business to point at him Sundry times, to those about him, did then winke and smile to one of his acquaintance, who sat at another part of the Church and this the Governour was told off presently after the Church, By some of the Congregation who said this publick and indecent behaviour of Mr Dixons That for these many Months past whensoever the Govr has passed Mr Dixon in the Street in Stead of paying the Complement of the Hatt, which surely is due from one Gentlemen to another and more particularly to the Comparison or Character of Governour of this Place from any of the Inhabitants, Mr Dixon Cocks his Hatt upon his head Staring him in the face, Struts by in a more Bullying insulting and Rude manner than can possibly be expressed	At a consultation held on Tuesday 27 June 1743 at the castle, the members attending were Governor George Gabriel Powell, styled Deputy Governor, John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. The council reported that on 19 June a Dutch ship, the Vreeland, arrived from the Cape. On 20 June His Majesty's ship Dover, Captain Frederick Rogers, sailed home, together with the Company's ships Augusta, Princess Mary, Houghton, Wilmington, Onslow and Britannia, for England. On 22 June the Dutch company's ships Knappenhoff and Vreeland sailed for Holland. The Governor reported that he was under very great concern on account of Christopher Dixon's continuing insolence and rudeness toward him whenever they met. It happened that they were both at church on the Sunday before, and in time of divine service Dixon, who sat in the pew with the Governor, took the liberty, when the Governor's eyes and attention were otherwise employed, to point at him several times and make signs to one of his acquaintance who sat in another part of the church. When divine service was over some of the congregation told the Governor of this public and indecent behaviour of Dixon. The Governor further reported that for many months past, whenever Dixon had met him in the street instead of paying the compliment due from one gentleman to another, and more particularly to the commander in chief and governor of the place, from any of the inhabitants, Dixon had cocked his hat, laughed and pointed at him in the face, and had behaved in a more bullying, insulting and rude manner than could possibly be expressed. Interpretations The Governor's complaint carries forward the quarrel with Christopher Dixon that the record has shown since Dixon's removal from the council and his demand for the causes of his dismissal, the affair now descended from a formal grievance over office into open personal contempt, the discharged councillor mocking the Governor in the street and in church before the congregation. That Powell brought so petty a matter as pointing and hat-cocking formally before the council measures both the smallness of the society, where the two men could not avoid one another, and the weight attached to public respect for the governor's office, an insult to the person taken as an affront to the authority he held. The setting of the worst offence in church during divine service sharpens its gravity in the council's eyes, the sabbath and the congregation making a private spite into a public scandal, the deference owed the commander in chief flouted in the one place where the whole settlement gathered. Dixon's conduct, cocking his hat and laughing where a gentleman would have made his compliment, was a deliberate withholding of the marks of respect by which rank was acknowledged, and the Governor's reckoning of it as insupportable shows how far the standing of his office depended on those outward observances, an assault on his dignity through the calculated denial of ordinary courtesy.
80	77	That he has born to a great many Personal Affronts and that Mr Dixon encouraged by it now carrys his Rudeness so far a decent and in so publick away as that the Governour finds himself under a necessity of Acquaing this Board that it was in no disrespect to the Company but not having taken earlier Notice and Care to Suppress any Insults and Affronts to their Honours Authority but hoped that Mr Dixons meeting with some Friends that might advise him be more decent behaviour, however the Governour will send for Mr Dixon and told him that as a bumpump Servant he dare not any longer bear with the Indignitys his Masters Authority receives from him and that he must here after be more Conformable to the Rules of good manners or else must Expect a Resentment due to his Ill behaviour. On the 25th Instant Arrived the Ship Shaftsbury Captn Matthew Birchey from Bengall by whom we received the following Supplys Invoice p Ship Shaftsbury A Batavia Arrack N°21@24 4 half Leagers qty 320 galld @ 250 Madras Rup p Leager 500 Batta 10 p Cent 50 550 S Fresinda Sugar N°7 7 Baggs Wt 14 Bazar is 10.8.2 @ 15 dwatt Rup p Bag 105 Batta 8 p Cent 8.6.6 113.6.6 R Rice Fine N°51 51 Bags Wt 102 Factory is 68 @ 1.2 p Rupee 102 Sart Seerbunds 1 Bundle qty 64 lb @ 4d p lb Piece 256 Batta 8 p lb 20.7.9 276.7.9 30.11.4.3 Charges Merchandize 109 Bags & Sewing 12.7.- 4 Empty half Leagers 26.6.6 Embaling &c Bundle 2.12.- Watchmen 3.4.- Boat &c 1.9.- 45.6.6 Currt Rup 1550.4.9 G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright.	The Governor set out that he had suffered many personal affronts, and that Dixon, emboldened by going unpunished, now carried his insolence so far and so openly that the Governor felt bound to lay before the board that it would show contempt of the Company itself had he taken no notice earlier of behaviour so insulting to the authority he held. He hoped that meeting some friend might bring Dixon to a more decent manner. The council nonetheless resolved to send for him and to warn him that as a Company servant he was not to set foot aboard any of the ships in the road any longer, that he must conform his conduct to his masters' authority and to the rules of good manners, and that otherwise he might expect to answer for his behaviour. The council reported that on 25 June the Shaftesbury, Captain Matthew Bishop, arrived from Bengal, bringing the following supply, set out in an invoice for that ship. Batavia arrack: A, No. 21 to 24, 6 half leaguers of 320 gallons at 250 madras rupees the leaguer, 500 rupees balance, 10 per cent, 50 rupees subtotal, 550 rupees Fresinda sugar: S, No. 1 to 7, 7 bags weight 14 candy at 10 rupees 4 annas 2 pies at 15 the bag, 105 rupees balance, 8 per cent, 8 rupees 6 annas 6 pies subtotal, 113 rupees 6 annas 6 pies Rice fine: R, No. 1 to 51, 51 bags weight 102 factory at 68 rupees at 4 the rupee, 102 rupees Seerbunds: Sor, No. 1, 1 bundle of 64 pieces at 4 rupees 8 pies the piece, 256 rupees balance, 8 per cent, 20 rupees 7 annas 9 pies subtotal, 276 rupees 7 annas 9 pies subtotal, 1,041 rupees 14 annas 3 pies Charges of merchandise: 107 bags and sewing, 12 rupees 7 annas 6 empty half leaguers, 26 rupees 6 annas 6 pies 1 embaling the bundle, 2 rupees 12 annas mattocks, 3 rupees 4 annas paper the same, 1 rupee 9 annas charges, £[...], 63 rupees 6 annas 6 pies current rupees, 1,105 rupees 1 anna 9 pies The invoice was subscribed by George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey and Robert Wright. Interpretations The council's remedy against Dixon fell on the one lever it held over him, barring the discharged servant from the ships in the road, the only privilege his former standing gave him and the means by which he might have taken a passage or traded with the commanders. Denied any power to punish mere rudeness, the board reached for the sanction within its reach, tying his continuing employment to a warning and threatening to answer his insolence with the withdrawal of the small liberties the Company allowed, a measured response to an affront it could not otherwise touch. The Shaftesbury's cargo repeats the season's standard parcel of arrack, sugar and fine rice but adds a distinct line in seerbunds, a fine Bengal muslin or wrought cloth shipped by the bundle, marking a Bengal lading richer in textiles than the Coromandel ships that furnished the plain provisions. The whole consignment, closing at 1,105 rupees, came late in the season after the great fleet had sailed, a single ship's supply gathered in when most of the shipping had already departed for England, the island still receiving stores as the busy months drew to a close.
81	78	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 19th day of July 1743 at the Castle Present George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The last Consultation was read and approved The Pay Master this day brought in his Account of Payments for the Quarter Ending the 30th day of June last which was Examined and proved and is as follows Viz: List of the Honourable Companys Servants upon the Island St Helena with their Several Sallarys and Diet Money for the Months of April, May and June last 1743 Viz: Names, Pay, Diet George Gabriel Powell Esqr Governour: Pay 125.-, Diet 0 John Godfrey 2d of Council: Pay 23.-, Diet 0 Robert Wright 3d of Council from 9th April: Pay 16.5.9, Diet 0 Edwin Alcock Chaplain: Pay 25.-, Diet 0 Joshua Twynam Doctor: Pay 7.10.-, Diet 0 Matthew Powling Do Including House rent from 17th April: Pay 12.6.7, Diet 0 James Powell Do: Pay 12.1.3, Diet 0 Francis Wrangham Do: Pay 12.1.3, Diet 0 Joseph Darvell Do: Pay 7.-.-, Diet 0 Thomas French Do: Pay 3.-, Diet 0 287.17.10, Diet 0 First Company James Scott Lieutenant: Pay 10.-, Diet 0 Daniel Owen Ensign: Pay 14.11.3, Diet 0 John Braxton Do: Pay 14.11.3, Diet 0 Joseph Desfountain Do: Pay 14.11.3, Diet 0 William Hayes Adjutant: Pay 17.1.3, Diet 0 70.15.-, Diet 0 Carried over £318.12.10	At a consultation held on Tuesday 19 July 1743 at the castle, the members attending were Governor George Gabriel Powell, styled Deputy Governor, John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The record of the previous meeting was read over and approved. The paymaster brought in his account of payments for the quarter ending 30 June last, which the council examined, proved and passed. This was a list of the Company's servants on the island of St Helena, with their several salaries and diet money for the months of April, May and June 1743. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by the diet. George Gabriel Powell, Governor, £125 pay John Godfrey, second of council, £25 pay Robert Wright, third of council from 31 April, £16 8s 9d pay Edwin Mock, chaplain, £25 pay Joshua Swinnam, doctor, £7 10s pay Matthew Curling, the same, including honorarium from 19 April, £12 6s 9d pay James Powell, writer, £12 1s 3d pay Francis Wrangham, the same, £12 1s 3d pay Joseph Diver, the same, £7 10s pay Thomas French, the same, £3 pay subtotal, £247 17s 10d First company: James Scott, lieutenant, £10 pay Daniel Owen, ensign, £14 11s 3d pay John Bratton, the same, £14 11s 3d pay Joseph Defountaine, the same, £14 11s 3d pay William Hayes, adjutant, £17 1s 3d pay subtotal, £90 15s carried over, £318 12s 10d Interpretations The list registers Robert Wright's advance to the third seat of council, his salary running only from the end of April at a rate below the full councillor's pay, which fixes the moment he took his place on the board after the vacancy left by Christopher Dixon's removal and completes the change of council the quarter had seen. Matthew Curling's pay likewise begins partway through, from 19 April with an added honorarium, marking a fresh appointment to the establishment reckoned to the day rather than the month, the paymaster carrying each new servant from the exact date of his entry.
82	79	Brought over £318.12.10 Serjeants Names, Pay, Diet, Repayments William Seale: Pay 6.19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Daniel Mason: Pay 6.19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ Joseph Leighton: Pay 6.19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ Henry Beale: Pay 6.19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ Joseph Whaley: Pay 6.19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Henry Mullen Died the 5th April: Pay 4.16.8¼, Diet 0, Repayments 0 39.14.2½ Corporals Isaac Knife: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Bartholomew Molloy: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Richard Harper: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 William Dorrill: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ Bevin Ambrose: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ Jonathan Hutton: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ 26.6.6 Drummers Thomas Watts: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ Thomas Lonton: Pay 1.15.-, Diet 0, Repayments 0 6.2.9 Centinels James Aldridge: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ William Addams: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Edward Arnold: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ James Allis: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Thomas Alcock: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ Peter Bath: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ Joseph Bagfeld: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Andrew Barton: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1¼ John Brown Junr: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1¼ Richard Bishop: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1½ Daniel Bush: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 George Bennett: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1¼ Matthew Brightwell: Pay 3.-, Diet 0, Repayments 1.12.1¼ Paul Brian Arrived 22 June: Pay 3.-, Diet 0, Repayments 0 47.7.3 Carried over £438.3.6½	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £318 12s 10d. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by the diet and regimentals where charged. Sergeants: William Seale, £6 14s 6d pay Daniel Mason, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Joseph Leighton, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Henry Beale, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Joseph Whaley, £6 14s 6d pay Henry Mullen, died the 28th April, £4 16s 8.5d pay subtotal, £39 11s 2.5d Corporals: Isaac Knipe, £4 7s 9d pay Bartholomew Molloy, £4 7s 9d pay Richard Harper, £4 7s 9d pay William Dorrell, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Erwin Ambrose, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Jonathan Hatton, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals subtotal, £26 6s 6d Drummers: Thomas Watts, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas London, £1 13s pay subtotal, £6 2s 9d Sentinels: James Alarage, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Adams, £3 8s 3d pay Edward Arnold, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Ash, £3 8s 3d pay Thomas Attwick, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Peter Bath, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Joseph Bassett, £3 8s 3d pay Andrew Barton, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Brown senior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Richard Bishop, £3 8s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Daniel Bush, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals George Bennett, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Matthew Brightwell, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Paul Brian, deserted the 20th June, £3 pay, £1 12s 11.5d regimentals subtotal, £47 7s 3d carried over, £438 3s 6.5d Interpretations Two men are broken off partway through the quarter, the sergeant Henry Mullen dying on 28 April and his pay reckoned to the day, and the sentinel Paul Brian carried only to 20 June with the note that he deserted, his salary stopped at the moment he fled. The desertion entry is the plainest sign in this account of the strain the garrison bore, a soldier abandoning his post in the midst of the season, and the paymaster's reckoning of his pay to the exact day of flight shows the establishment closing his account against him as it did against the dead. The regimentals fall on most men of every rank, the fixed charge for the uniform clothing issued during the quarter, while several sentinels and the senior sergeants draw none, marking those already clothed or newly come. The garrison here fills out below the officers of the previous leaf in its ordinary structure of sergeants, corporals, drummers and the great body of sentinels, all reckoned in pounds, shillings and pence, the muster showing the establishment kept up despite the deaths and the one desertion that thinned its ranks across the three months.
83	80	Brought over £438.3.6½ Names, Pay, Diet, Repayments George Clarke: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1¼ Henry Caster: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1¼ Henry Carter: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1¼ Matthew Caswell: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1¼ Daniel Council: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Robert Curry: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1¼ Walter Cox: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.1¼ Peter Cummins: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Wm Campbell Entered 8th June: Pay 17.3, Diet 0, Repayments 10.3¾ Anthony Casterb: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Anthony Day: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.14.11¼ James English: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Ellis: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Dodo died 23 April: Pay 17.3, Diet 0, Repayments 6.2¾ Thos Flood died 26 do: Pay 19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 1.17½ Thos Fuller: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 18.6 John Ford: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Garling: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Jonathan Gasby: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Francis Hodges: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Saml Harrison: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Giles Hayes: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Hodges: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Danl Blanchard Entered 18 May: Pay 1.15.3, Diet 0, Repayments 7¾ John Jones Junr: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Evan Jones: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Jones Senr: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wilston Jones: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Jeptha Jermain: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.2.6 Solomon Jacobs: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Richard Kent: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John King: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Kendrick: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Lewis: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Leach: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Legg: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ James Long: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Leach: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Sutton Leach: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 12.4¾ Danl Langton: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.12.9¼ Abraham Landow Entered 13 June: Pay 12.9, Diet 0, Repayments 6.2¼ Wm Moor: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Mudge: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 James Pilchard: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Thos Payne: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ 145.12.- Carried over £579.15.6½	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £438 3s 6.5d. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by the diet and regimentals where charged. George Clarke, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Henry Easter, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Henry Castor, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Matthew Camwell, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Daniel Cantrell, £3 8s 3d pay Robert Emry, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Walter Cox, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Peter Cummins, £3 8s 3d pay William Campbell, entered 8th June, 17s 3d pay, 10s 3.5d regimentals Anthony Casterl, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Anthony Day, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 14s 11.5d regimentals James English, £3 8s 3d pay John Ellis, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Yates, died 25th April, 17s 3d pay, 6s 2.5d regimentals Thomas Field, died 26th, 19s 6d pay, £1 1s 12.5d regimentals Thomas Fuller, £3 8s 3d pay, 18s 6d regimentals John Foord, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Gurling, £3 8s 3d pay Jonathan Hatley, £3 8s 3d pay Francis Ayres, £3 8s 3d pay Samuel Harrison, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Giles Halyar, £3 8s 3d pay Thomas Hedges, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Daniel Langton, entered 14th May, £1 15s pay, 7.5d regimentals John Jones junior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Evan Jones, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Jones senior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Jones, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Jasper Jerman, £3 8s 3d pay, 2s 6d regimentals Solomon Jacobs, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Richard Knight, £3 8s 3d pay John King, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Kendrick, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Lewis, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Leech, £3 8s 3d pay Thomas Legg, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Long, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Leech, £3 8s 3d pay, 12s 4.5d regimentals Sutton Leech, £3 8s 3d pay Daniel Langton, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 12s 9.5d regimentals Abraham Landous, entered 13th June, 12s 9d pay, 6s 2.5d regimentals William Moor, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Mudge, £3 8s 3d pay James Pritchard, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Payne, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals subtotal, £141 12s carried over, £579 15s 6.5d Interpretations The quarter thinned the ranks further, two more sentinels dying within a day of each other, William Yates on 25 April and Thomas Field on 26 April, each carried at a fractional pay to the day of death, the establishment losing men steadily across the three months. Against these losses three new sentinels entered partway through, William Campbell on 8 June, Daniel Langton on 14 May and Abraham Landous on 13 June, each reckoned only from his day of entry at a part-quarter's pay, the paymaster balancing the deaths and desertions of the muster with fresh recruits taken from the shipping or the inhabitants. The regimentals fall unevenly, some men drawing the full charge for a new suit of clothing and others a part or none, the newly entered and the lately dead carried at broken sums that mark their short service in the quarter. The whole account, reckoned to the day for every entry and departure, shows the discipline of the paymaster's book, each soldier charged and credited for exactly the time he served, the garrison's constant flux of death, desertion and recruitment tracked precisely so that the Company paid for no more than the service it received.
84	81	Brought over £579.15.6½ Names, Pay, Diet, Repayments Nathaniel Rascal: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Spearit: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Pruit: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ James Richardson: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Benjamin Seale: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Slatcher: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Daniel Serjeant: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Slack: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Sparke: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Arnold Lofori: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Simpson: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Spencer: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ George Harratt died 5th April: Pay 3.9, Diet 0, Repayments 2.3¾ Wm Twaite: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Upton: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.12.2 John Gabriel Van Osten: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ James Vaughn Senr: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Wagg: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.8.8¼ John Willes: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Watkins: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 65.2.6 Second Company Thos Rathope Lieutenant: Pay 12.10.-, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Desfountain Ensign: Pay 14.11.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Thos Kirkpatrick Ensign: Pay 14.11.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 41.12.6 Serjeants Edward Bagley: Pay 6.19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Leach: Pay 6.19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Thos Corker: Pay 6.19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Oakman: Pay 6.19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ David Wilson: Pay 6.19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Theosiphorus Beale: Pay 8.19.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 41.17.- Corporals Thos Swindale: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John French: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Gabriel Isaac: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Alwick: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Saml Ashwick: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Simpson died 4th April: Pay 3.10, Diet 0, Repayments 0 22.2.7 Carried over £750.10.6½	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £579 15s 6.5d. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by the diet and regimentals where charged. Nathaniel Cassell, £3 8s 3d pay John Pearce, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Rice, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Richardson, £3 8s 3d pay Benjamin Seale, £3 8s 3d pay John Scotcher, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Daniel Serjeant, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Slack, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Sprake, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Arnold Lackey, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Simpson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Spencer, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals George Harratt, died 5th April, 3s 9d pay, 2s 3.5d regimentals William Smoke, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Upton, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 12s 2d regimentals John Gabriel Van Osten, £3 8s 3d pay James Vaughan senior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Wragg, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 8s 8.5d regimentals John Wells, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Watson, £3 8s 3d pay subtotal, £63 2s 6d Second company: Thomas Easthope, lieutenant, £12 10s pay John Defountaine, ensign, £14 11s 3d pay Thomas Kirkpatrick, ensign, £14 11s 3d pay subtotal, £41 12s 6d Sergeants: Edward Bagley, £6 14s 6d pay John Leech, £6 14s 6d pay Thomas Coshee, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Oahman, £6 14s 6d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals David Wilson, £6 14s 6d pay Christopher Beale, £6 14s 6d pay subtotal, £41 17s Corporals: Thomas Swindle, £4 7s 9d pay John French, £4 7s 9d pay Gabriel Isaac, £4 7s 9d pay John Ulwick, £4 7s 9d pay Samuel Ashwick, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Simpson, died 4th April, 3s 10d pay subtotal, £22 2s 7d carried over, £750 10s 6.5d Interpretations The muster of both companies carries three more deaths reckoned to the day, the sentinel George Harratt on 5 April, the corporal William Simpson on 4 April and, on the earlier leaf, the men lost in April and June, the whole quarter marked by a steady toll of mortality among a garrison of a few score men. That so many died within the single month of April points to some sickness passing through the ranks, the paymaster's book recording each loss by the exact date so that the account closed against every man from the day his service ended. The second company appears here below the first, its lieutenant, two ensigns, sergeants and corporals set out in the same graded scale, the establishment divided into two bodies mustered week and week about as the Lambert administration had ordered. The regimentals again fall unevenly, the newly clothed drawing the full charge and the dead a broken sum for their few days, the account throughout reckoned to the day for entry, death and clothing alike, the discipline of exact payment maintained through a quarter that thinned the garrison by death and desertion together.
85	82	Brought over £750.10.1½ Drummers Names, Pay, Diet, Repayments Wm Ormes: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Davis: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.12.9¾ 8.15.6 Centinels Joseph Andrews: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Wm Aynzer: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ George Ayres: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Allis: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Brack: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Beale: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Andrew Blandman: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Bardin: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.10.9 Peter Barker: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.9¼ Wm Duffett: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Barton: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.- Wm Brown: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.- Thos Beal: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Brown: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Banfeild: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Barrott: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Bunn: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Brooks: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Philip Catchpoler: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Collins: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Cope: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Nicholas Cope: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Carr: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ James Cars discharged 20th June: Pay 3.-, Diet 0, Repayments 1.-.6 John Draper: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Drury: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Edmund Duxfeild: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Draper: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Doulster: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Baron Doloy: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Evans: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Isaac Evans: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Samuel Eales: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.10.9 John Hoose: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Christopher Garland: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 12.4¾ Thos Griffis: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Hann: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.12.10 John Holloway: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Henry Higgins: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ 132.13.6 Carried over £891.19.1½	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £750 10s 1.5d. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by the diet and regimentals where charged. Drummers: William Oomes, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Davis, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 12s 9.5d regimentals subtotal, £8 15s 6d Sentinels: Joseph Andrews, £3 8s 3d pay William Aynger, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals George Ayres, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Ellis, £3 8s 3d pay John Bark, £3 9s 3d pay John Beale, £3 8s 3d pay Andrew Blenman, £3 8s 3d pay John Bratton, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 10s 9d regimentals Peter Bathes, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 9.5d regimentals William Bassett, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Barton, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Brown, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Brook, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Brown, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Banfield, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Barrett, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Bunn, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Brooks, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Phillip Cabbpole, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Collins, £3 9s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Cofe, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Nicholas Cofe, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Carr, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Carr, deserted 20th June, £3 pay, £1 4s regimentals John Draper, £3 8s 3d pay John Doury, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Edmund Dransfield, £3 8s 3d pay Thomas Draper, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Dowlston, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Brown Deboy, £3 8s 3d pay John Evans, £3 8s 3d pay Isaac Evans, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 10s 9d regimentals Samuel Eales, £3 8s 3d pay John George, £3 8s 3d pay, 12s 4.5d regimentals Christopher Garland, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Griffis, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 12s 10d regimentals William Gimes, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Holloway, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Henry Higgins, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals subtotal, £132 13s 6d carried over, £891 19s 1.5d Interpretations The muster carries another desertion reckoned to the day, the sentinel James Carr fleeing on 20 June with his pay stopped at that date, the second man of the quarter to abandon his post alongside Paul Brian of the earlier leaf. Two desertions in three months, set against the run of deaths already noted, measure the pressures on a garrison held at a remote station in a season of threatened war, the men slipping away where they could and the paymaster closing each runaway's account from the day he left. The great body of sentinels, all paid at the uniform £3 8s 3d, forms the bulk of the establishment as in every muster, the regimentals falling on most but not all, the varying sums marking those clothed during the quarter and those not yet issued. The account throughout holds to its exact reckoning, each man carried at his fixed rate and his clothing charge, the deaths and desertions entered precisely so that the Company answered for no service it did not receive, the discipline of the paymaster's book unbroken through a quarter that thinned the ranks by mortality and flight together.
86	83	Brought over £891.19.1½ Names, Pay, Diet, Repayments Joseph Hunt: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Daniel Hayes: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Hayles: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Barnet Harmes: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Isaac Hudson: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Philip Hilliard: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ James Hall: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Johnston: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Jayne: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Richard Knight: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ David Lord died 2nd May: Pay 1.4.3, Diet 0, Repayments 2.3¼ John Larney died 17 June: Pay 2.17.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 James Lee: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Stephen Layton: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Morgan: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Robert Mason: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Charles Mountague: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thomas Manning: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Murdock: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Manwikes: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Newis: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Oliver: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Page: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Laurence Osborson: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.14.10 Thos Pride: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Stephen Powers: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Ritter: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.12.9¾ Mr Scarsbrook died 20th June: Pay 3.6.-, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Edward Broad: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.8.8¾ Robert Smith entered 19th June: Pay 9.9, Diet 0, Repayments 6.3 Richard Twaite: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ James Vaughan Junr: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Jeremiah Wyrell: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Benjamin Williams Junr: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ James Whitehead: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Benjamin Williams Senr: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.2.6 Peter Wells: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Wright: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 123.18.5 Artillery Company John French Master Gunner: Pay 20.10.-, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Isaac Leech Gunners Mate: Pay 4.17.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Thos Watts Do: Pay 4.17.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 30.5.- Carried over £1046.2.4½	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £891 19s 1.5d. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by the diet and regimentals where charged. Joseph Hunt, £3 8s 3d pay Daniel Hayes, £3 8s 3d pay John Hayes, £3 8s 3d pay Barnett Hermes, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Isaac Hudson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Phillip Hillard, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Hall, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Johnson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Jayne, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Richard Knight, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals David Lord, died 2nd May, £1 8s pay, 2s 3.5d regimentals John Laveney, died 17th June, £2 17s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Lee, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Stephen Lufkin, £3 8s 3d pay John Morgan, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Robert Mason, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Charles Montague, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Manning, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Murdack, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Mannible, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Naess, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Oliver, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Page, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Lawrence Peterson, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 11s 10.5d regimentals Thomas Prate, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Stephen Owens, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Rutter, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 12s 9.5d regimentals William Marsbrook, died 20th June, £3 8s pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Edward Stroud, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 8s 8.5d regimentals Robert Smith, entered 19th June, 9s 9d pay, 6s 3d regimentals Richard Searles, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Vaughan junior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Jeremiah Wignall, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Benjamin Williams junior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals James Whitehead, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Benjamin Williams senior, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 2s 6d regimentals Peter Wells, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Wright, £3 8s 3d pay subtotal, £123 18s 5d Artillery company: John French, master gunner, £20 10s pay Isaac Leech, gunner's mate, £4 17s 6d pay Thomas Watts, the same, £4 17s 6d pay subtotal, £30 5s carried over, £1,046 2s 4.5d Interpretations The quarter's mortality runs on through this leaf, three more sentinels dying, David Lord on 2 May, John Laveney on 17 June and William Marsbrook on 20 June, each reckoned to the day of death, so that the whole three months carried a steady succession of losses among a garrison of a few hundred men. Set against them a single recruit, Robert Smith, entered on 19 June at a few shillings for his last days of the quarter, the establishment barely replacing what death and desertion took from it. The recurrence of the surname Wignall in the sentinel Jeremiah Wignall recalls the disgraced Company surgeon of the same name driven from the island fifteen years earlier, though the two need bear no connection, common surnames passing down among the island families and the garrison alike. The artillery company opens again at the foot with its master gunner and mates, the specialist gunnery establishment whose heavy powder expenditure the monthly accounts had shown, the whole muster reckoned to the day and the Company answering only for the service each man gave before he died, deserted or entered.
87	84	Brought over £1046.2.4½ Names, Pay, Diet, Repayments Nathan Sample Gunners Mate: Pay 4.17.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Robert Reed Do: Pay 4.17.6, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Roger Nevanson Do: Pay 4.17.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Wm Chillingsworth Do: Pay 4.17.6, Diet 0, Repayments 12.4¼ Wm Kennedy Quarter Gunner: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Davis Do: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Major Jackson Do: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Christofell Do: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Barnet Do: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.9¼ Thos Villingham Do: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Spencer Do: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Nottage Do: Pay 4.7.9, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Wm Caddy Matross: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Richard Newton Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Thos Silito Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Spencer Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 14.6 John Button Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Saml Clarke Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Joseph Boswell Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Walter Bellow Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Smith Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Adam Milburn Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Wm Turner Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Humphrey Pugh Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Francis Buck Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Ely Leach Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ John Watkins Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Butler Do: Pay 4.1.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Henry Savage died 18 May: Pay 2.-.9, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Robert Manlove deceased 15 do: Pay 2.-.10½, Diet 0, Repayments 18.4½ Harry Powers deceased 20 June: Pay 3.11.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Samuel Frost died 24 June: Pay 3.16.6, Diet 0, Repayments 0 131.1.-¾ Superanuated Joseph Whaley Serjeant: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 John Hanson Do: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Wm Burnham Do: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 1.16.11¼ Jesse Sugarson Quarter Gunr: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 George Lindsy Drummer: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Saml Roper Centinel: Pay 3.8.3, Diet 0, Repayments 0 Margaret Goodwin at £6 p Annd from 17 April 12.6.7 32.16.1 Carried over £1209.19.5¾	The pay list continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £1,046 2s 4.5d. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by the diet and regimentals where charged. Artillery company: Nathan Sample, gunner's mate, £4 17s 6d pay Robert Wood, the same, £4 17s 6d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Roger Stevenson, the same, £4 17s 6d pay William Chillingsworth, the same, £4 17s 6d pay, 12s 4.5d regimentals William Kennedy, quarter gunner, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Davis, the same, £4 7s 9d pay Major Jackson, the same, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Christofel, the same, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Barnett, the same, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Villanpam, the same, £4 7s 9d pay John Spencer, the same, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Nattage, the same, £4 7s 9d pay William Caddy, mattross, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Richard Newton, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Thomas Tillit, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Spencer, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, 14s 6d regimentals John Button, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Samuel Clarke, the same, £4 1s 3d pay Joseph Boxwell, the same, £4 1s 3d pay Walter Belloss, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Smith, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Adam Wilburn, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals William Turner, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Humphrey Clugh, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Francis Buck, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Ely Leech, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals John Wilkins, the same, £4 1s 3d pay John Butler, the same, £4 1s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Henry Savage, died 18th May, £2 11.5s pay, 18s 4.5d regimentals Robert Munlove, deserted 15th April, 2s 11.5d pay Henry Power, deserted 20th June, £3 11s 6d pay Samuel Everd, died 24th June, £3 16s 6d pay subtotal, £134 1s 4d Superannuated: Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £3 8s 3d pay Edward Larson, £3 8s 3d pay William Burnham, the same, £3 8s 3d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Isaac Hagarson, quarter gunner, £3 8s 3d pay George Lindsey, drummer, £3 8s 3d pay Samuel Knipe, sentinel, £3 8s 3d pay Margaret Goodwin, at £4 6d a year, from 17 April, £12 6s 7d pay subtotal, £32 16s 1d carried over, £1,209 19s 5.5d Interpretations The artillery company bore its own share of the quarter's losses, the mattross Henry Savage dying on 18 May and Samuel Everd on 24 June, and two men deserting, Robert Munlove on 15 April and Henry Power on 20 June, so that the specialist gunners suffered death and flight alike with the common sentinels. That desertions and deaths fell across every branch of the establishment measures a garrison under real strain, the men who served the guns no more content to remain than those who stood sentry. The most striking entry is the widow Margaret Goodwin placed on the superannuated list at a small yearly allowance from 17 April, the pensioners' roll that carried the establishment's aged and infirm former servants now extended to the widow of the late Governor John Goodwin, whose attached estate the surrounding accounts had pursued for its deficiency. That the Company both pressed his estate for what it owed and granted his widow a maintenance shows the two faces of its dealing with the dead governor's affairs, the debt exacted to the last shilling while the woman left behind was given a bare subsistence among the pensioners, the same establishment that gathered in the estate providing for the widow it had stripped.
88	85	Brought over £1209.19.5¾ Samuel Dowton 15.- John Twaite Overseer 7.10.- Richard Tinsley 6.5.- Richard Gurling 7.10.- Charles Clarke Surgeon 9.15.- James Dubow Surgeons Mate 18.15.- John Hanson Custom Master 1.5.- Wm Price Clerk 3.8.3 Francis Fungs Armourer 12.1.3 James Haywood Do Mate 7.10.- Henry Mayer Carpenter 12.10.- John Astingball Coxswain 7.10.- Henry Higgins Storekeeper 2.- Thos Cotgrove Marshall 4.7.9 Richard Beale Schoolmaster 3.8.3 Wm Hayes Master of Arms 6.5.- Nicholas Clether Steward 7.10.- Wm Dowse Gardner 9.11.3 John Barton Overseer at Fortifications 6.5.- Wm Newis Limeblaster 7.10.- A Black Cooper 7.16.6 163.13.3 Total Pay £1973.10.8¾ Total Diet £ Sundrys Employed in Carrying Fresh Water to Superbs for the use of the Workmen Viz: Wm Dorrill 5.- John Johnston 5.- Richard Newton 5.- Thos Silito 5.- Robert Mason 5.- James Aldridge 5.- £1.10.-	The pay establishment continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £1,209 19s 5.5d. Each entry gives the salary under pay, followed by the diet and regimentals where charged. Samuel Doveton, overseer, £15 pay John Swaites, overseer, £7 10s pay Richard Tinsley, overseer, £6 5s pay Richard Gurling, overseer, £7 10s pay Charles Clarke, surgeon, £9 15s pay James Du Bois, surgeon's mate, £13 15s pay John Hanson, custom master, £1 5s pay William Price, clerk, £3 8s 3d pay Francis Funge, armourer, £12 1s 3d pay James Haywood, armourer's mate, £7 10s pay Henry Moyce, carpenter, £12 10s pay John Artingstall, coxswain, £7 10s pay Henry Higgins, storekeeper, £2 pay Thomas Colgrave, marshal, £4 7s 9d pay, £1 16s 11.5d regimentals Richard Beale, schoolmaster, £3 8s 3d pay William Hayes, master of arms, £6 5s pay Nicholas Cleather, steward, £7 10s pay William Danner, gardener, £2 11s 3d pay John Bratton, overseer at Fatalgo Bay, £6 5s pay William Newis, limeblaster, £7 10s pay 1 black cooper, £7 16s 6d pay subtotal, £163 13s 3d The total pay came to £1,373 10s 8.5d, with the total diet also carried. An account of sundry persons employed in carrying fresh water to Rupert's for the use of the workmen followed, each with his sum. William Dorrell, £0 5s 0d John Johnson, £0 5s 0d Richard Newton, £0 5s 0d Thomas Attwick, £0 5s 0d Robert Mason, £0 5s 0d James Alarage, £0 5s 0d total, £1 10s 0d Interpretations The civil and trade establishment gathered here carries the specialist servants who kept the settlement running below the garrison, the surgeon and his mate, the armourer and carpenter, the custom master, marshal, schoolmaster and steward, each at his fixed rate in pounds, shillings and pence. The overseers Doveton, Swaites, Tinsley and Gurling headed the plantations and stock, and the appearance of a schoolmaster, Richard Beale, on the standing pay list marks the Company's provision for teaching the island's children, the salaried counterpart to the spelling books and grammars its ships brought out and that the surrounding accounts show spoiled in store. The single black cooper drawing pay by name among the salaried servants is a rare instance of a slave entered on the establishment as a paid tradesman rather than merely listed as property, his skilled work at the cask trade valued at a wage where the mass of the Company's slaves appear only in the stock accounts and the fortification labour credited to their owners. That the cooper alone was carried in this way, distinguished from the field and boat hands, shows the settlement recognising a particular skill even in a man it held in bondage, the barrel-making on which the whole apparatus of shipping stores and provisions depended too valuable to leave unrewarded. s
89	86	Sundrys Employed in the Storehouses at the taking of the Inventory Viz: John King 1.- Wm Ormes 1.- Thos Prider 1.- Jeremiah Wyrell 1.- Richard Knight 5.- Arnold Lafori 1.- John Simpson 1.- £11.- Account of Blacks Labour at the Fortifications Do due to the following Persons for the Months of April, May & June 1743 Viz: G G Powell Esqr 7.9.3 Charles Simonds Orphans 7.1.2 Francis Wrangham Senr 1.15.- Samuel Dowton 1.6.19 John Bayette Orphans 4.10.- Richard Twaby 4.8.- Simon Whaley's Orphans 6.13.- John Desfountain 2.9.- Joseph Desfountain 3.6.- Wm Sarl 3.13.- John French Senr 5.- John Alwick 8.- Henry Beale 5.17.- James Powell 3.8.- John Spencer 3.2.- Richard Gurling 8.- Joshua Johnson £61.18.- Account of Soldiers Labour at the Fortifications Viz: Nath'l Powell 1.- John Layne 13.- Thos Fuller 1.- John Mannering 8.- Wm Eades 3.- Henry Carter 1.- Edward Arnold Carried over £1.8.-	An account of sundry persons employed in the storehouses at the taking of the inventory followed, each with his sum. John King, £0 1s 0d William Oomes, £0 1s 0d Thomas Prior, £0 1s 0d Jeremiah Wignall, £0 1s 0d Richard Knight, £0 1s 0d Arnold Lackey, £0 5s 0d John Simpson, £0 5s 0d total, £0 11s 0d An account of the black slaves' labour at the fortifications, due to the following persons for the months of April, May and June 1743, followed, each holder credited for the sum earned. George Gabriel Powell, £7 1s 0d Charles Steward's orphans, £9 1s 3d Francis Wrangham senior, £9 1s 2d Samuel Doveton, £1 15s 0d John Bazett's orphans, £6 19s 0d Richard Lindsey, £4 10s 0d Simon Whaley's orphans, £4 8s 0d John Defountaine, £6 13s 0d Joseph Defountaine, £2 9s 0d William Seale, £3 6s 0d John French junior, £3 15s 0d John Aldrich, £0 5s 0d Henry Beale, £0 17s 0d James Powell, £5 17s 0d John Spencer, £3 8s 0d Richard Gurling, £0 8s 0d Joshua Johnson, £0 8s 0d total, £61 18s 0d An account of the soldiers' labour at the fortifications followed, each man credited for the sum earned. Nathaniel Cassell, £0 1s 0d John Jayne, £0 13s 0d Thomas Fuller, £0 1s 0d John Mannible, £0 18s 0d William Eales, £0 1s 0d Henry Castor, £0 3s 0d Edward Arnold, £0 1s 0d carried over, £1 8s 0d Interpretations The fortification labour continues on the same footing the record has shown throughout, the planters hiring out their slaves by the day and being credited the earnings against their accounts, George Gabriel Powell again at the head with the largest sum and the estates of deceased inhabitants, entered as the orphans of Charles Steward, John Bazett and Simon Whaley, supplying their slaves' labour on the same terms, the wardship turning an orphan's inherited property into a source of credited income. The work went forward through the quarter on this hired slave labour, the leeward valleys fortified against the threat of war by the planters' blacks paid for by the day. The small charge for men employed in taking the inventory of the storehouses marks the labour of the very audit whose product the surrounding accounts record, the counting and listing of the Company's stores on Robert Wright's taking charge, the establishment paying a few shillings to the hands who moved and reckoned the goods. That the inventory itself generated a labour charge shows how thoroughly the reckoning of the stores was carried out, the men set to the physical work of the count entered and paid like any other labourers, the discipline of exact account extending even to the cost of taking the account.
90	87	Brought over £1.8.- John Ellis 1.- John Jones Senr 1.- Anthony Day 1.- Edwd Broad 9.- Stephen Powers 12.- Thos Benson 10.- James Carr 7.- John Bardin 2.- John Murdock 5.- Wm Gann £4.4.- Sundrys Employed in the Boat on every Occasion between the Great Fort & Uppertown Viz: William Dorrill 10.- James Aldridge 10.- John John Senr 10.- Thomas Legg 10.- Thos Silito 10.- Rich'd Newton 10.- Robt Hodges 10.- Robt Mason 10.- £4.-.- Sundry merchants bought for the Supply of the General Table Viz: 30 lb Spice 1.10.- 2 Jarrs Mangoes 2.- 6 Bags Peas 15.- 1 Ceroon Wt 84 lb 4.4.- ½ firkin Butter 1.10.8 4 doz Manchester Beer 2.3.- 4 doz Cyder 15.- Bag of fine Patney Rice Wt 150 lb 19.6 32 Peaches 7.- 7000 Lemons 6.4 4 doz & 2 Eggs 13.- 250 Apples £25.2.10 Sundry provisions made a present to Captn of his Majestys Ship Liverpool at his Departure according to Custom Viz: 10 Sheep 10.- 24 Ducks 1.16.- 1 doz Fowls 8.2.- 22 doz Turkeys 6.- 1000 Lemons £26.18.- Sundry provisions made a present to the Captn of his Majestys Ship Dover at his Departure according to Custom Viz: 10 Sheep 10.- 9 doz Fowls 8.2.- 14 Turkeys 3.10.- 4.- 1000 Lemons £22.12.-	The account of soldiers' labour at the fortifications continued from the previous leaf, the total brought over standing at £1 8s 0d. Each man was credited for the sum earned. John Ellis, £0 1s 0d John Jones senior, £0 1s 0d Anthony Day, £0 1s 0d Edward Stroud, £0 9s 0d Stephen Owens, £0 12s 0d Thomas Brown, £0 10s 0d James Carr, £0 7s 0d John Bardin, £0 5s 0d John Murdock, £0 5s 0d William Gann, £0 5s 0d total, £4 6s 0d An account of sundry persons employed in the boat on every occasion between the great fort and Rupert's followed, each with his sum. William Dorrell, £0 10s 0d James Alarage, £0 10s 0d John Johnson, £0 10s 0d Thomas Legg, £0 10s 0d Thomas Attwick, £0 10s 0d Richard Newton, £0 10s 0d Thomas Hedges, £0 10s 0d Robert Wilson, £0 10s 0d total, £4 0s 0d An account of sundry necessaries bought for the supply of the general table followed, each item with its sum. 3 pounds juice, £0 1s 10d 2 jars mangoes, £0 2s 0d 3 bags bread, £0 15s 0d 1 chest, No. 303, £0 4s 0d 0.5 firkin butter, £0 2s 8d 4 dozen Dorchester beer, £0 2s 3d 4 dozen cider, £0 15s 0d bag of fine Malmsey wine, No. 308, £0 15s 0d 33 peaches, £0 4s 6d 9,000 lemons, £7 6s 4d 4 dozen and 2 eggs, £0 15s 0d 250 apples, £25 2s 10d total, £25 2s 10d An account of sundry provisions made a present to the commander of His Majesty's ship Liverpool at his departure, according to custom, followed, each item with its sum. 10 sheep, £10 0s 0d 24 ducks, £1 16s 0d 9 dozen fowls, £8 0s 6d 2 dozen turkeys, £6 0s 0d 1,000 lemons, £1 0s 0d total, £26 18s 0d An account of sundry provisions made a present to the commander of His Majesty's ship Dover at his departure, according to custom, followed, each item with its sum. 10 sheep, £10 0s 0d 9 dozen fowls, £8 2s 0d 12 turkeys, £3 10s 0d 1,000 lemons, £1 0s 0d total, £22 12s 0d Interpretations The two parcels of provisions given to the commanders of the naval ships Liverpool and Dover at their departure mark a settled courtesy distinct from the beef and stores the Company sold its own ships, sheep, poultry, turkeys and a thousand lemons handed over as a free present to the King's officers who escorted the homeward trade. That the gift was made according to custom shows it a fixed obligation rather than a favour, the island cultivating the goodwill of the navy on which the safety of its shipping depended in a season of threatened war, the escort repaid in fresh provisions for the long passage. The great quantity of lemons in every account, nine thousand bought for the table and a thousand in each naval present, points to the island's one abundant crop and its particular value at sea, the fruit carried in bulk against the scurvy that plagued long voyages. The island's lemons were among the few things it produced in real surplus, and their appearance as the staple of every gift and the largest single line of the table's purchases measures how far this local plenty served both to feed the settlement and to furnish the ships, the one homegrown commodity the island could give freely where all else came in by sea.
91	88	Dr George Gabriel To Cash for so much received out of the Treasury £1423.13.5¾ To Cash received for Sundry Articles as Viz: Matthew Mudge for Ditto Govr Goodwins Estate £3.6.9 G G Powell Esqr for a slave Girl aged 8 Years 8.-.- Jeramiah Greentree for Do 8 Years at 8.-.- James Dowton for Do 7 Years 7.-.- 26.6.9 To Cash for so much received Account Debt taken out of the Honourable Companys Stores &c as p Column 255.5.1½ £1705.5.3½ Ballance due to the Paymaster & Sunds 34.10.3¼ £1739.15.6¾ Island St Helena the 19 day of July 1743 Errors Excepted Per G G Powell Pay Master.	The paymaster's account was cast as a charge against George Gabriel Powell, each source of cash entered with its sum. to cash received out of the treasury, £1,423 13s 5.5d to cash received for sundry accounts: Matthew Madge, for the late Governor Goodwin's estate, £3 6s 9d George Gabriel Powell, for a slave girl aged 8 years, £8 0s 0d Susannah Greentree, for the same, 8 years at, £7 0s 0d Samuel Doveton, for the same, 7 years, £7 0s 0d subtotal, £26 6s 9d to cash for so much received on account of debts taken out of the Company's stores, sold as per column, £255 5s 1.5d total, £1,705 5s 3.5d balance due to the paymaster and paid, £34 10s 3.5d total, £1,739 15s 6.5d This account was cast at the island of St Helena on 19 July 1743, errors excepted, and signed by George Gabriel Powell, paymaster. Interpretations The paymaster's account balanced the quarter's whole outlay against the cash he drew to meet it, near £1,424 taken from the treasury and made up with small recoveries, and the closing balance of £34 10s 3.5d due to Powell himself shows he had advanced from his own hand the little the treasury fell short, a paymaster carrying the establishment's cash flow across the gap between what the chest held and what the pay demanded. The recovery of debts through goods sold from the Company's stores, over £255, marks the routine way the establishment turned its stock into cash to answer its wages, the storekeeper's sales feeding the paymaster's chest. The three slave girls sold into the account, each of eight or seven years and each fetching seven or eight pounds, are entered here as ordinary receipts of cash, children bought by Powell, Susannah Greentree and Samuel Doveton and their price paid into the quarter's reckoning like any other recovery. That the sale of young children appears without remark among the treasury draws and the store-debt recoveries measures the place slavery held in the settlement's economy, human beings of a few years old turned into a line of cash to help meet the garrison's pay, the traffic in children so much a part of ordinary business that it needed no more notice than the sale of a bullock or a cask of spoiled goods.
92	89	Powell Paymaster Cr By Cash for so much paid the Honble Companys Servants their Sallarys &c for the Quarter ending the 30th day of June 1743 particulars as p Column 1373.10.8¾ By Cash for 16 Expresses upon Alarms 4.- By Do paid for Clearing the Water course for the supply of the Shipping 4.10.- By Do for making the Flag at the Great Fort 4.- By Do for making two Hen Coops for the Use of the Castle 15.- By Do for 3 years Rent due to the Storekeep for the Black house 18.- By Do for Sundry Slaves Labour at the Fortification at Ropers Plain as p Column 61.18.- By Do for Sixteen Labour at the Fortification at Ropers Plain as p Column 4.4.- By Do for Sundrys Employed in the Boat on every Occasion 4.- By Do for a years Allowance for Servants in the Castle as Usual 126.19.- By Do for Rent for a house ready furnished for Mrs Lambert and family 40 Weeks at £1.1.- p Week 42.- By Do for Sundry necessarys for the use of the General Table. 25.2.10 By Do for Sundry Provisions made as present to Captn Rogers of the Dover Man of War at his departure according to Custom 22.12.- By Do for Sundry provisions made a present to the Captain of the Liverpool Man of War at his Departure according to Custom 26.18.- By Do for Sundrys Employed in Carrying fresh Water to Ropers for the Use of the Workmen there 1.10.- By Do for Sundrys Employed in the Stores at the taking the Inventory of the Stores 11.- By Do for making a part of the Blacks Cloathing 6.- By Do for Sundrys bought for the use of the Honble Companys 42 pr Shoes for Cloathing the Wenches & Children £29.8.- For a long Boats Mast & Boom 1.8.1 For 2 Sparrs 1.16.- 2.17.- 32.5.- By Do for 17 lb Wool for stockg made Cloath £1750.15.6¾	The paymaster's account was cast as a credit to George Gabriel Powell, each payment entered with its sum. by cash for so much paid the Company's servants their salaries for the quarter ending 30 June 1743, particulars as per column, £1,373 10s 8.5d by cash for 16 expenses upon alarms, £0 4s 0d by the same, paid for clearing the water course for the supply of the shipping, £0 4s 10d by the same, for making the flag at the great fort, £0 4s 0d by the same, for making two hen coops for the use of the castle, £0 0s 10d by the same, for 39 hens rent due to Thomas Mostyn for the black house, £0 18s 0d by the same, for sundry slaves' labour at the fortification of Rupert's and others, as per column, £61 18s 0d by the same, for soldiers' labour at the fortification at Rupert's and others, as per column, £4 6s 0d by the same, for sundry persons employed in the boat on every occasion, £4 0s 0d by the same, for a year's allowance for servants in the castle as usual, £126 19s 0d by the same, for rent for a house ready furnished for Mrs Lambert and family, 40 weeks at £1 1s 0d the week, £42 0s 0d by the same, for sundry necessaries for the use of the general table, £25 2s 10d by the same, for sundry provisions made a present to the commander of the Dover man of war at her departure, according to custom, £22 12s 0d by the same, for sundry provisions made a present to the commander of the Liverpool man of war at her departure, according to custom, £20 18s 0d by the same, for sundry persons employed in carrying fresh water to Rupert's for the use of the workmen there, £1 10s 0d by the same, for sundry persons employed in the boats at the taking of the inventory, £0 0s 11d by the same, for making a part of the black slaves' clothing, £6 6s 0d by the same, for sundry goods bought for the use of the Company: 40 pieces chintz for clothing the workmen and children, £29 8s 0d for a long boat's mast and boom, £1 1s 0d for 2 spars, £1 16s 0d subtotal, £32 5s 0d by the same, for 17 lb wool to make cloth, £0 17s 0d total, £1,739 15s 6.5d Interpretations The credit side sets out every charge the pay account met beyond the bare wages, the fortification and boat labour, the presents to the naval commanders, the general table's supplies and the many small disbursements of an establishment that paid for its own flag, its hen coops and the clearing of the water course that fed the shipping. The year's rent of £42 for a furnished house for Mrs Lambert and her family, forty weeks at a guinea, marks the Company's provision for the widow and children of the late Governor, housed at its charge after his death while his successor was awaited, a maintenance running alongside the small pension the widow Goodwin drew and the same care for a governor's dependants. The clothing of the Company's slaves runs through several lines, the making of part of their clothing, the forty pieces of chintz bought to clothe the workmen and children, and the wool to make cloth, the establishment furnishing its labour force with garments as the surrounding accounts show it furnishing their frying pans and their rations. That printed Indian chintz served to clothe the slaves and the children measures how the cheapest grades of the Company's own eastern trade goods were turned to the plainest domestic use on the island, the calico that dressed the settlement's poor drawn from the same commerce whose finer sorts the storekeeper sold to the gentry, the whole apparatus of supply feeding back into the maintenance of the people who did its work.
93	90	Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of June 1743 Viz.t Neat Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hogs, Poultry, Horses Neat Cattle: Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total Sheep: Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total Goats: Ewes, Wethers, Kidds, Rams, Total Hogs: Sows, Barrows, Boars, Piggs, Boars, Total Poultry: Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Total Horses: Horses, Mares, Total Remaining 1st June: Bullocks 8, Cows 105, Heifers 23, Steers 48, Yearlings 35, Calves 43, Bulls 6, Total 268, Ewes 77, Wethers 13, Lambs 3, Rams 4, Total 97, Ewes 112, Wethers 9, Kidds 27, Rams 4, Total 152, Sows 16, Barrows 13, Boars 41, Piggs 31, Boars 3, Total 104, Turkeys 50, Fowls 152, Ducks 21, Geese 12, Total [...], Horses 8, Mares 7, Total 15 Encreased in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 14, Bulls 0, Total 14, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Lambs 12, Rams 0, Total 12, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Kidds 15, Rams 0, Total 15, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Boars 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowls 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 8, Cows 105, Heifers 23, Steers 48, Yearlings 35, Calves 57, Bulls 6, Total 282, Ewes 77, Wethers 13, Lambs 15, Rams 4, Total 109, Ewes 112, Wethers 9, Kidds 42, Rams 4, Total 167, Sows 16, Barrows 13, Boars 41, Piggs 31, Boars 3, Total 104, Turkeys 50, Fowls 152, Ducks 21, Geese 12, Total [...], Horses 8, Mares 7, Total 15 Killed in D.o: Bullocks 2, Cows 3, Heifers 4, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 2, Bulls 0, Total 11, Ewes 2, Wethers 3, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 5, Ewes 5, Wethers 7, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 12, Sows 0, Barrows 1, Boars 0, Piggs 4, Boars 0, Total 5, Turkeys 8, Fowls 32, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 6, Cows 102, Heifers 19, Steers 48, Yearlings 35, Calves 55, Bulls 6, Total 271, Ewes 75, Wethers 10, Lambs 15, Rams 4, Total 104, Ewes 107, Wethers 2, Kidds 42, Rams 4, Total 155, Sows 16, Barrows 12, Boars 41, Piggs 27, Boars 3, Total 99, Turkeys 42, Fowls 100, Ducks 21, Geese 12, Total [...], Horses 8, Mares 7, Total 15 Died in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Boars 0, Piggs 2, Boars 3, Total 5, Turkeys 0, Fowls 0, Ducks 1, Geese 1, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Remaining 30th D.o: Bullocks 6, Cows 102, Heifers 19, Steers 48, Yearlings 35, Calves 55, Bulls 6, Total 271, Ewes 75, Wethers 10, Lambs 15, Rams 4, Total 104, Ewes 107, Wethers 2, Kidds 42, Rams 4, Total 153, Sows 16, Barrows 12, Boars 39, Piggs 24, Boars 3, Total 94, Turkeys 42, Fowls 100, Ducks 20, Geese 11, Total 8, Horses 7, Mares 15, Total 15 737.lb Beef Expended 177 Veal D.o 63 Pork D.o 1486.lb Beef sold to the Sharsbury Yams expended at the several plantations . . 29000 One Boy Named Sharper run away off the Island E.E. p.r [...] Powell Husband The Husband this day brought in his Plantation, Account for the last Month which was Examined and proved viz.t Horses: Total, Mares, Horses 8, 7, 15 8, 7, 15 8, 7, 15 8, 7, 15	Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of June 1743. Neat cattle remaining on 1 June 1743: 8 bullocks, 105 cows, 23 steers, 48 heifers, 35 yearlings, 43 calves, 6 bulls, 268 total. Increased during June: 14 calves, 14 total. Total available: 8 bullocks, 105 cows, 23 steers, 48 heifers, 35 yearlings, 57 calves, 6 bulls, 282 total. Killed during June: 2 bullocks, 3 cows, 4 steers, 2 calves, 11 total. Died during June: 6 cows, 271 total. Remaining on 30 June 1743: 6 bullocks, 102 cows, 19 steers, 48 heifers, 35 yearlings, 55 calves, 6 bulls, 271 total. Sheep remaining on 1 June 1743: 77 ewes, 13 wethers, 3 lambs, 4 rams, 97 total. Increased during June: 12 lambs, 12 total. Total available: 77 ewes, 13 wethers, 15 lambs, 4 rams, 109 total. Killed during June: 2 ewes, 3 wethers, 5 total. Died during June: 75 ewes, 10 wethers, 15 lambs, 4 rams, 104 total. Remaining on 30 June 1743: 75 ewes, 10 wethers, 15 lambs, 4 rams, 104 total. Goats remaining on 1 June 1743: 112 nannies, 9 billies, 27 kids, 4 rams, 152 total. Increased during June: 15 kids, 15 total. Total available: 112 nannies, 9 billies, 42 kids, 4 rams, 167 total. Killed during June: 5 nannies, 5 billies, 7 kids, 12 total. Died during June: 107 nannies, 2 billies, 42 kids, 4 rams, 155 total. Remaining on 30 June 1743: 107 nannies, 2 billies, 42 kids, 4 rams, 153 total. Hogs remaining on 1 June 1743: 16 sows, 13 barrows, 41 boars, 31 pigs, 3 boars, 104 total. Increased during June: 1 barrow, 4 pigs, 5 total. Died during June: 2 barrows, 3 boars, 5 total. Remaining on 30 June 1743: 16 sows, 12 barrows, 41 boars, 27 pigs, 3 boars, 99 total. Poultry remaining on 1 June 1743: 50 turkeys, 152 fowls, 21 ducks, 12 geese, 235 total. Killed during June: 8 turkeys, 32 fowls, 40 total. Died during June: 42 turkeys, 100 fowls, 21 ducks, 12 geese, 175 total. Remaining on 30 June 1743: 42 turkeys, 100 fowls, 20 ducks, 11 geese, 173 total. Horses remaining on 1 June 1743: 8 horses, 7 mares, 15 total. Remaining on 30 June 1743: 8 horses, 7 mares, 15 total. The account recorded 737 pounds of beef expended, 177 pounds of veal expended and 63 pounds of pork expended. It recorded 1,486 pounds of beef sold to the Shaftesbury. It recorded 29,000 pounds of yams expended at the several plantations. It recorded that a boy named Sharper had run away from the island. Powell signed the account as husband. The husband brought in his plantation account for the previous month, which the council examined and approved. Horses on that account stood at 8 horses, 7 mares, 15 total, repeated across four columns, with a further figure of 29,000 recorded alongside. Interpretations The husband was the officer responsible for the East India Company's livestock and plantations on St Helena, managing breeding, slaughter and the supply of meat and produce to the garrison, shipping and the settlers. Powell held this post in June 1743 and submitted a monthly account of stock numbers and consumption to the council for examination, a routine check intended to guard against loss, theft or mismanagement of company property. The yam quantity of 29,000 pounds reflects the crop's role as a staple food on the island, grown across several plantations and issued to feed the slave population and livestock rather than sold for profit, since yams thrived in St Helena's mild climate and required little cultivation compared with imported grain. The Shaftesbury was a company vessel calling at St Helena, and the sale of 1,486 pounds of beef to it shows the island's function as a victualling station where outward and homeward bound ships took on fresh provisions before continuing their voyages. Speculations The account recorded the flight of a slave boy named Sharper without comment or note of pursuit, a bare entry among routine livestock figures. Company records elsewhere on St Helena at this period generally noted the dispatch of search parties or a reward offered for the return of a runaway; the absence of any such measure here, set down as flatly as a line in a stock table, suggests the council treated the loss as an administrative fact to be recorded rather than a matter demanding immediate action.
94	91	The Accomptant this day brought in the Journals Parcels for the Month of June last viz.t June the 30th 1743 Cash D.r to Sundry Accounts . . . . . £26. 6. 9 for so much received of the following persons viz.t Of G.o Powell Esq.r . . . . . . . . . . . 8. ". " Susannah Greentree . . . . . . . . . . . 8. ". " Sam.l Doveton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. ". " To Estate of John Goodwin Esq.r Deceased Of Matthew Mudge on Account . . . . . 3. 6. 9 26, 6, 9 Sundry Accounts D.r to Soldiers Diet £255. 5. 1¼ for 825 lb Beef 1667 lb Pork & 1087¾ Rice Issued out to the Garrison from April 1st to June 30 255, 5, 1¼ Soldiers Diet D.r to Sundry Accounts £335. 15. " for the following provisions supplyed the Garrison Beef & Pork 825 lb Beef . . . . . . . . . 122. 15. " 1667 lb Pork . . . . . . . . . 166. 14. " 290, 9, " Rice 10870.lb . . . . . . . . 45. 6. " 335, 15, " Sundry Accounts D.r to Cash . . £1118. 5. 6¾ for sundry Board Wages &c paid the Garrison for one Quarter Ending this Day . . . . . . 1118, 5, 6¾ Sundry Accounts D.r to Cash . . £12. 10. " for the following Disbursments on sev.t Accounts viz.t Garrison Paid to Expresses upon Alarms . . . . £4. ". " Mending & Repairing the Water Course for the use of the Shipping . . . . . 4. 10. " Making a flag for the Great Fort . . . . 4. ". " 12, 10, "	The accountant brought in the journal parcels for the month of June that day. 30 June 1743. Cash owed £26 6s 9d to sundry accounts, for so much received of the following persons. Received of G. G. Powell, Esquire, £8 0s 0d. Received of Susannah Greentree, £8 0s 0d. Received of Samuel Doveton, £7 0s 0d. Received of the estate of John Goodwin, Esquire, deceased, £0 0s 0d. Received of Matthew Mudge on account, £3 6s 9d. Sundry accounts owed £255 5s 1½d to soldiers' diet, for 825 pounds of beef, 1,667 pounds of pork and 10,872 pounds of rice issued out to the garrison from 1 April to 30 June. Soldiers' diet owed £335 15s 0d to sundry accounts, for the following provisions supplied to the garrison. Beef and pork: 825 pounds of beef, £122 15s 0d; 1,667 pounds of pork, £166 14s 0d; total £290 9s 0d. Rice: 10,072 pounds, £45 6s 0d. Total £335 15s 0d. Sundry accounts owed £1,118 5s 6¼d to cash, for sundry board wages paid to the garrison for one quarter ending that day. Sundry accounts owed £12 10s 0d to cash, for the following disbursements on sundry accounts. Garrison: paid to expresses upon alarms, £4 0s 0d; mending and repairing the water course for the use of the shipping, £4 10s 0d; making a flag for the great fort, £4 0s 0d. Total £12 10s 0d. Interpretations The accountant was the company officer responsible for compiling the island's financial journal from the underlying ledgers, presenting a monthly summary of receipts and disbursements to the council for examination, a routine check against the same fraud or error that the husband's livestock account guarded against. Board wages were a fixed sum paid to garrison soldiers in place of, or in addition to, victuals supplied directly, allowing them to purchase some of their own provisions; the figure of £1,118 5s 6¼d for one quarter reflects the scale of the standing garrison the company maintained on the island. Expresses were messengers dispatched at speed to carry warning or intelligence between stations on the island, and payment to them upon alarms points to a system of signalling and response the garrison kept ready against the sighting of unknown or hostile shipping, a concern of particular weight for an isolated outpost. Speculations The estate of John Goodwin, deceased, was recorded as owing £0 0s 0d among a list of persons who had each paid several pounds toward the £26 6s 9d received that month. Rather than omit a debtor who could pay nothing, the clerk entered the estate at nil, preserving it in the account as a live claim against Goodwin's assets even though his death had left it uncollectable for the present, a choice that treated the debt as still owed by his estate rather than as closed by his death.
95	92	Fortification Paid Slaves Labour at the Fortification of Ruperts this Quarter . . . . . . £61. 18. " Soldiers Labour ab.t D.o . . . . . . . . 4. 1. " Sundrys Employed in the Boat between the Fort and Ruperts . . . . . . . . 4. ". " Carrying Fresh Water to Ruperts for the use of the Workmen . . . . . . . . 1. 10. " 71, 9, " Blacks Paid Francis Wrangham for 3 years Rent Due to Tho.s Mostyn for the Black House . . 18. ". " For 32 Ne.s Ordinary Cloaths for the Cloathing the Wenches & Children for 2 years having none in the Stores . . . 29. 8. " Paid Tho.s Various Taylor making Winter Cloaths for the Blacks that being the time to Cloath them, 12 days work . . 6. 6. " 53, 14, " Charges General Paid Rent for a house ready furnished for M.r Lambert & family 40 Weeks . . 12. ". " G.o Powell Esq.r for so much by him paid for Household Servants according to Usual Allowance in the Castle viz.t Housekeeper 6 Months . . 20. ". " Steward . . . . . . . . . . 20. ". " Cook . . . . . . . . . . . . 20. ". " Baker . . . . . . . . . . . 20. ". " 3 Menial Serv.ts 313 days . 46. 19. " 126, 19, " 2 Hen Coops for the use of the Castle . . . . . . 15. ". " Provisions made a present to the Capt.s of a Liverpool Man of War as usual . . . 26. 18. " To the Capt. of the Dover . . . . . 22. 12. " Paid 17 lb Wool for the Cloth . . . . . 9. ". " Sundry Sums Employed in Making the [...] . . . . . . . . . . 11. ". " 220, 12, " Diet Expences Paid Sundry necessarys for the Table . . 25. 2. 10 Deals &c 2 Spars or Brooms . . . . . . . . . . 1. 16. " 1 long Deals Mast & Boom . . . . . . 1. 1. "	Fortification: paid for slave labour at the fortification at Rupert's for the quarter, £61 18s 0d. Soldiers' labour at the same, £4 1s 0d. Sundries employed in the boat between the fort and Rupert's, £4 0s 0d. Carrying fresh water to Rupert's for the use of the workmen, £1 10s 0d. Total £71 9s 0d. Blacks: paid Francis Wrangham for two years' rent due to Thomas Moslyn for the black house, £18 0s 0d. For 42 slaves' ordinary clothing there being none in the store, clothing the women and children for two years, £29 8s 0d. Paid Thomas Various Taylor for making winter clothes for the slaves, they having no time to clothe themselves, 42 days work, £6 6s 0d. Total £53 14s 0d. Charges general: paid rent for a house ready furnished for Mr Lambert and family for 40 weeks, £12 0s 0d. Paid G. G. Powell, Esquire, for so much paid by him for household servants according to the usual allowance in the castle. Housekeeper for a month, £20 0s 0d. Steward, £20 0s 0d. Cook, £20 0s 0d. Baker, £20 0s 0d. Menial servants for 363 days at 46s 19d, £126 19s 0d. Two hen coops for the use of the castle, £15 0s 0d. Provisions made a present to the captain of a Liverpool man of war as usual, £26 18s 0d. To the captain of the Dover, £22 12s 0d. Paid for wood for the clerk, £9 0s 0d. Sundries of irons employed in baking the [...], £11 0s 0d. Total £220 12s 0d. Diet expenses: paid sundry necessaries for the table, £25 2s 10d. Deals and so on: two spars or brooms, £1 16s 0d. One long deal, mast and boom, £4 1s 0d. Interpretations The fortification account recorded a mix of slave and soldiers' labour employed at Rupert's, a defensive position adjoining the main settlement, with separate provision for boat transport and fresh water supply to the men working there, showing how the garrison's defensive works depended on forced and paid labour running side by side under company management. The clothing entry for 42 slaves reflects the company's standing obligation to supply its slave population with clothing at intervals from a central store, and the note that none remained there points to a shortfall the council was obliged to remedy by direct payment, engaging outside labour to prepare winter clothing when the usual supply had failed. The menial servants employed at the castle at a fixed daily rate, together with the named housekeeper, steward, cook and baker, formed the domestic establishment maintained for the governor's household, distinct from the garrison proper and charged separately under general charges as part of the routine cost of governing the island. The presents made to the captains of the Liverpool man of war and the Dover reflect a customary courtesy extended to visiting naval and merchant vessels calling at St Helena, a practice that helped secure goodwill and cooperation from shipping on which the island depended for communication and supply with England. Speculations The council paid two years' back rent to Thomas Moslyn for the house used to hold slaves, an expense that had evidently gone unsettled since the arrangement began. Rather than let the debt continue to accumulate or press the company's own resources into building a house of its own, the council chose to clear the arrears to a private landlord in a single payment, preserving a dependence on rented accommodation for its slave population instead of investing in company-built housing, even after two years had shown the standing cost of doing so.
96	93	Ship Wilmington D.r to Sundry Accounts To Garrison for Anchorage £ 5. " To Naval Stores a Barrell Powder delivered 3. 10. " Plantation 988.lb Beef 12. 7. " Stores 22. 6. 7 £ 39. 8. 7 Ship Houghton D.r to Sundry Accounts To Garrison for Anchorage 5. " To Naval Stores a Barrell Powder delivered 3. 10. . To Plantation 1017.lb Beef 12. 14. 3 To Stores 3. 14. " £ 20. 3. 3 Ship Princess Mary D.r to Sundry Accounts To Garrison for Anchorage 5. " To Naval Stores a Barrell powder not delivered 5. 13. " To Plantation 991.lb Beef 12. 7. 9 To Stores 22. 17. 8 £ 41. 5. 5 Ship Augusta D.r to Sundry Accounts To Garrison for Anchorage 5. " To Naval Stores a Barrell of powder not delivered 5. 15. " To Plantation 1008.lb Beef 12. 11. [...] To Stores 33. 14. 9¾ £ 59. 5. 9¾ Ship Onslow D.r to Sundry Accounts To Garrison for Anchorage 5. " To Naval Stores a Barrell Powder delivered 3. 10. " To Plantation 988.lb Beef 12. 7. " To Stores 36. 6. 7 £ 51. 8. 7	The Wilmington owed sundry accounts £59 8s 7d. To garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d. To naval stores, a barrel of powder delivered, £3 10s 0d. To plantation, 958 pounds of beef, £12 7s 0d. To stores, £22 6s 7d. The Houghton owed sundry accounts £27 3s 3d. To garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d. To naval stores, a barrel of powder delivered, £3 10s 0d. To plantation, 1,017 pounds of beef, £12 14s 3d. To stores, £3 14s 0d. The Princess Mary owed sundry accounts £41 5s 5d. To garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d. To naval stores, a barrel of powder not delivered, £5 15s 0d. To plantation, 991 pounds of beef, £12 7s 9d. To stores, £22 17s 8d. The Augusta owed sundry accounts £59 5s 9¼d. To garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d. To naval stores, a barrel of powder not delivered, £5 15s 0d. To plantation, 1,004 pounds of beef, £12 11s 0d. To stores, £33 14s 9¼d. The Onslow owed sundry accounts £51 8s 7d. To garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d. To naval stores, a barrel of powder delivered, £3 10s 0d. To plantation, 958 pounds of beef, £12 7s 0d. To stores, £36 6s 7d. Interpretations Anchorage was a standing charge levied on every vessel calling at St Helena, a fixed fee owed to the garrison regardless of the ship's business there, reflecting the company's right to profit from the roadstead it controlled. The distinction drawn between powder delivered and powder not delivered shows the naval stores charge covered an allowance owed to each ship whether or not the company's magazine actually supplied it, so that the figure recorded the entitlement rather than the transaction itself. Beef supplied from the plantation to each ship formed part of the routine victualling the island offered outward and homeward bound vessels, drawn from the same livestock recorded monthly in the husband's stock account and priced by weight against the ship's stores charge. Speculations No speculation meets the standard for this passage. The entries record routine victualling charges applied uniformly across five ships with no visible decision or departure from the ordinary course.
97	94	Ship Brittannia D.r to Sundry Accounts To Garrison for Anchorage 5. " To Naval Stores a Barrell of powder Delivered 3. 10. " To Plantation 1012.lb Beef 12. 13. " To Stores 17. 17. 7 £ 34. 5. 7 Sundry Accounts D.r to Ship Wilmington By a Barrell of powder received 3. 10. " By Account Courant 34. 18. 7 £ 38. 8. 7 Sundry Accounts D.r to Ship Houghton By a Barrell of Powder received 3. 10. " By Cash 16. 13. 3 £ 20. 3. 3 Account Courant D.r to Sundry Accounts Ship Princess Mary Capt. Osborne by his Bill of Captain Richard Michlefield Sen.r 41. 5. 5 Augusta's Ballance to be paid at London 52. 5. 9¾ £ 93. 11. 2½ Sundry Accounts D.r to Ship Onslow By a Barrell Powder received 3. 10. " By Cash 47. 18. 7 £ 51. 8. 7 Sundry Account D.r to Ship Britania By a Barrell of Powder received 3. 10. " By Cash 30. 15. 7 £ 34. 5. 7 Charges	The Britannia owed sundry accounts £34 5s 7d. To garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d. To naval stores, a barrel of powder delivered, £3 10s 0d. To plantation, 1,012 pounds of beef, £12 13s 0d. To stores, £17 17s 7d. Sundry accounts owed the Wilmington £38 8s 7d. By a barrel of powder received, £3 10s 0d. By account current, £34 18s 7d. Sundry accounts owed the Houghton £20 3s 3d. By a barrel of powder received, £3 10s 0d. By cash, £16 13s 3d. Account current owed sundry accounts £93 11s 2¾d. The Princess Mary, Captain Osborne, by his bill on Captain Richard Michlofield senior, £41 5s 5d. The Augusta's balance to be paid at London, £52 5s 9¾d. Sundry accounts owed the Onslow £51 8s 7d. By a barrel of powder received, £3 10s 0d. By cash, £47 18s 7d. Sundry accounts owed the Britannia £34 5s 7d. By a barrel of powder received, £3 10s 0d. By cash, £30 15s 7d. Interpretations The pairing of each ship's debit entry with a corresponding credit entry under sundry accounts recorded how the charges levied against a vessel were actually discharged, whether by cash paid on the spot, by a barrel of powder returned to the company's stores, or by a bill drawn on a named party for settlement elsewhere. The bill drawn by Captain Osborne of the Princess Mary on Captain Richard Michlofield senior, and the Augusta's balance left to be paid in London, show that not every ship settled its account with the company before sailing, since some debts were instead carried forward as paper credit to be resolved through correspondents in England. Speculations No speculation meets the standard for this passage. The entries record the routine settlement of shipping charges already itemised in the preceding account, with no visible decision or departure from ordinary practice.
98	95	Charges General D.r to Plantation For Beef supplyed the Dover Capt. Rogers viz.t 397.lb Beef at 5.d p.lb 4. 19. 3 One Live Bullock 5. ". " £ 9. 19. 3 Sundry Accounts D.r to Account Courant For the following Goods from Bengall & Thaysbury viz.t Batavia Arrack 4 half Leagr.s q.t 320 Gall.s at 25.o P.r Leag.r 500. " Batta 8 P.r Cent 30. " R.s 530. £ 61. 17. 6 Tresinda Sugar 7 Bags q.t 14 M.d 8 Cattee is 10. 1. 2 at 13 Advys. P.r Bag 105. " Batta 8 P.r Cent 8. 6. 6 R.s 113. 6. 6 £ 12. 15. 3 Rice Fine 51 Bags q.t 102 M.d factory is 68.d at 1 R. p.M.d R. 102. " " 11. 9. 6 Serbunds 1 Bundle q.t 65.p at R. 256. " Batta 8 P.r Cent 20. 7. 9 R.s 276. 7. 9 £ 31. 2. 6¼ Charges Merchandize £ 62. 6. 6¼ 7. 4. 11¾ £ 124. 9. 3¾ Cash D.r to the Estate of Geo.o Goodwin for Moneys received of the following persons viz.t Mary Alexander £ 2. 2. " Edward Bagley 6. 2. " Henry Higgins 18. " James Heywood 2. 2. " Benj.a Coale [...] 11. 4. 7 Plantation D.r to Cash . . £100. " For the Purchase of the Black house of Tho.s Mostyn . . . 100. "	Charges general owed plantation £9 19s 3d, for beef supplied to the Dover, Captain Rogers. 397 pounds of beef at 5d per pound, £4 19s 3d. One live bullock, £5 0s 0d. Sundry accounts owed account current £124 9s 3¾d, for the following goods from Bengal and the Shaftesbury. Batavia arrack, a half legger of 320 gallons, at 25 rupees per legger, 500 rupees, batta at 8 per cent, 30 rupees, total 550 rupees, £61 17s 6d. Fresinda sugar, seven bags of 14 maunds four seers, is 10 maunds 1 seer 2 chittacks at 13 rupees 4 annas per bag, 105 rupees, batta at 8 per cent, 8 rupees 6 annas 6 pies, total 113 rupees 6 annas 6 pies, £12 15s 3d. Rice fine, 51 bags of 102 maunds factory weight, is 63 maunds at 1 rupee per maund, 102 rupees, £11 9s 6d. Serbunds, one bundle of 64 seers, at 4 annas per seer, 256 rupees, batta at 8 per cent, 20 rupees 7 annas 9 pies, total 276 rupees 7 annas 9 pies, £31 2s 6¼d. Charges merchandise, £7 4s 11¾d. Total £124 9s 3¾d. Cash owed the estate of Governor Goodwin £11 14s 7d, for moneys received of the following persons. Abby Alexander, £2 2s 0d. Edward Bagley, £6 2s 0d. Henry Diggins, £0 7s 0d. James Heywood, £0 18s 0d. Benjamin [...], £2 2s 0d. Plantation owed cash £100 0s 0d, for the purchase of the black house of Thomas Moslyn. Interpretations The half legger of Batavia arrack, the sugar, rice and serbunds recorded under sundry accounts were goods shipped from Bengal aboard the Shaftesbury, part of the East India Company's wider trade linking St Helena to its Asian settlements rather than goods produced on the island itself. Arrack was a spirit distilled in the East Indies, usually from fermented rice, molasses or palm sap, and was traded and consumed widely across company outposts. Serbunds, priced by the seer alongside the sugar and rice, were most likely a preserved or dried provision imported in bulk from Bengal in the same manner as the other goods on this list, though the reference does not record their precise nature. The batta charge added to each purchase from Bengal represented an allowance for the difference in exchange or coinage value between the currency paid in Bengal and the sterling value recorded on St Helena, a standing adjustment applied to company trade between its Indian and Atlantic settlements. The purchase of the black house from Thomas Moslyn for £100, recorded here as a payment from cash to plantation, shows the council resolving the standing rent arrangement noted earlier in the accounts, since owning the building outright would end the recurring charge the company had been paying to Moslyn for its use. Speculations The council had paid Moslyn two years' back rent for the black house in an earlier entry this same quarter, yet rather than continue that tenancy or negotiate a fresh lease once the arrears were cleared, it purchased the building outright for £100 within the same set of accounts. Settling the debt and buying the property in such close succession suggests the arrears themselves prompted the council to end the dependence on a private landlord altogether, converting a recurring liability it had just been forced to make good into a one-time capital cost under its own ownership.
99	96	Sundry Accounts D.r to Cash £41. 18. " Diet Expences paid Capt. Beauens Bill £15. 4. 7 Rob.t Wright Cheese & Butter 8. 7. 6 23. 12. 1 Charges Gen.l David Wilson Ess for Capt. Swanton 2. 5. 5 Capt. Swanton's lodging 14. 8. " 16. 13. 5 Household Goods A Sett of China £1. 12. 6 £ 41. 18. " Profit and Loss D.r to Household Goods for a Sett of China Ware broke £2. 2. "	Sundry accounts owed cash £41 18s 0d. Diet expenses paid Captain Beeson's bill, £15 4s 7d. Robert Wright, cheese and butter, £8 7s 6d. Total £23 12s 1d. Charges general: David Wilson, Esquire, for Captain Swanton's, £2 5s 5d. Captain Swanton's lodging, £14 8s 0d. Total £16 13s 5d. Household goods, a set of china, £1 12s 6d. Total £41 18s 0d. Profit and loss owed household goods £2 2s 0d, for a set of china ware broken. Interpretations Board and lodging paid on behalf of named ship's captains, such as Captain Beeson and Captain Swanton, formed a recurring category of expense distinct from the routine victualling charges levied against their vessels, reflecting the hospitality the council extended to commanders of company shipping while their ships lay in the road. The write-off of £2 2s 0d against profit and loss for broken china shows the council maintaining a formal account for household goods purchased for use at the castle, with losses through breakage charged against the company's general profit rather than left unrecorded. Speculations No speculation meets the standard for this passage. The entries record routine diet, lodging and household charges with no visible decision or departure from ordinary practice.
100	97	A Collection of Store Goods Sold from 1.st January to 31.st March 1743. Arrack 98 Gallons 3½ £ 32. ". 3 Bread and Flour Viz.t 1420.lb Bread £23. 13. 6 672½ Flour 10. 4. 2 33. 17. 8 Brasierware Viz.t 2 Brass Kettles 1. 16. " 1 Copper Saucepan 1. 2. 4 2. 18. 4 Beef and Pork Viz.t 2 lb Beef ". 8. " 1 lb Pork ". 3. " ". 11. " Broad Cloth Viz.t 3 y.ds Cloth Coloured 3. ". " 5 y.ds Scarlet 5. 5. " ½ y.d Blue 11. " 8. 16. " China Ware Viz.t 3 China Teapotts ". 4. 6 77 half pint Cupps 1. 5. 8 62 Nogging Cupps ". 15. 6 6 Smalls Cupps 1. ". " 2. 6. 8 Cordage 170.lb 1. 5. " Candles 2.cwt ". 5. " Corks ½ Grosse ". 2. 3 Cutleryware 1 Shoe Knife ". ". 9 Combs Viz.t 27 Ivory Combs sorted 1. 2. 10 11 Buckling Combs 9. 4 1. 10. 2 Chelloe 27½ P.s 10. 5. " Carried over £ 105. 18. 1	A collection of store goods sold from 1 January to 31 March 1743. Arrack, 90 gallons, £32 0s 3d. Bread and flour: 1,420 pounds of bread, £23 13s 6d. 672 pounds of flour, £10 4s 2d. Total £33 17s 8d. Brazierware: two brass kettles, £1 16s 0d. One copper saucepan, £1 2s 4d. Total £2 18s 4d. Beef and pork: two hundredweight of beef, £8 0s 0d. One hundredweight of pork, £3 0s 0d. Total £0 11s 0d. Broad cloth: three yards coloured cloth, £3 0s 0d. Five yards scarlet, £5 5s 0d. Half a yard blue, £0 11s 0d. Total £8 16s 0d. China ware: three china teapots, £0 4s 6d. 77 half-pint cups, £1 5s 8d. 62 dram cups, £0 15s 6d. Six small cups, £0 1s 0d. Total £2 6s 8d. Cordage, 170 pounds, £4 5s 0d. Candles, two hundredweight, £0 5s 0d. Corks, half a gross, £0 2s 3d. Cutleryware, one shoe knife, £0 0s 9d. Combs: 27 ivory combs sorted, £1 2s 10d. 11 buckskin combs, £0 7s 4d. Total £1 10s 2d. Chelloe, 27½ pieces, £19 5s 0d. Carried over £105 18s 1d. Interpretations Chelloe was a plain or checked cotton cloth imported from India, widely traded across East India Company settlements for clothing and domestic use, and its sale by the piece here reflects the same Bengal-sourced trade recorded elsewhere in the accounts. The listing of goods sold to inhabitants over a full quarter, spanning arrack, cloth, china, cordage and combs, shows the company store functioning as the island's principal supplier of imported manufactures, with settlers dependent on company shipping for goods that could not be produced locally.
101		98	Brought over £ 105. 18. 1 Deescoties 2 Single Doses £. 1. 8 Fustians 6 yds Corded 10 Glassware Viz.t 16 Squares Glass 8 by 10 £. 13. 4 3 d.o d.o 6 by 8 1. 1½ . 14. 5¾ Hooks and Lines Viz.t 104 doz. Hooks Sorted 3. 10. 8 25 hundred Blue hooks 1. 5. " 58 Lines N.o 3 1. 13. 10 28 d.o 4 ". 18. 4 1 d.o 5 ". 10 1 Marlbro Line ". 3. " 7. 11. 5 Haberdashery Ware Viz.t 7 Thousand pins Sorted £. 12. 11 95 oz China Silk 7. 2. 6 15 doz Coat Buttons ". 15. " 39 doz Breast Buttons ". 19. 6 19½ oz Mohair 1. 3. 10½ 12½ oz Inglish Silk 1. 9. 4½ 11 Thread Laces 2. 9 14½ y.ds Ferrett ". 4. 4½ 5 p.s Tape ". 3. 7½ 12 Silk Laces ". 12. " 2 hundred Needles 2. " 1 P.s Bobbing ". 5 2 Ivylone Thimbles ". 0 5¼ Yards Galloon 2. 2¾ 13. 13. 4 Ironmongersware Viz.t 2 Till Locks 7. " 2 Frying Pans 12. 4 Ironmongersware Carr.d over £ 19. 4 Carried over £ 129. 14. 11¾	Brought over £105 18s 1d. Deescoteles, two single pieces, £0 1s 8d. Fustians, six yards corded, £0 0s 10d. Glassware: 16 squares glass, 8 by 10, £0 13s 4d. Three squares, 6 by 8, £0 1s 5¾d. Total £0 14s 3¾d. Hooks and lines: 104 dozen hooks sorted, £3 10s 8d. 25 hundred blue hooks, £1 5s 0d. 58 lines number three, £1 13s 10d. 22 dozen number four, £0 18s 4d. One dozen number five, £0 0s 10d. One Marambo line, £0 3s 0d. Total £7 11s 8d. Haberdashery ware: 7,000 pins sorted, £0 12s 11d. 95 ounces china silk, £7 2s 6d. 13 dozen coat buttons, £0 15s 0d. 39 dozen breast buttons, £0 19s 6d. 19½ ounces mohair, £1 3s 10¾d. 12¾ ounces English silk, £1 9s 4½d. 11 thread laces, £0 2s 9d. 14½ yards ferret, £0 4s 4¾d. Five pieces tape, £0 5s 7¾d. 12 silk laces, £0 12s 0d. Two hundred needles, £0 2s 0d. 19 pieces bobbin, £0 0s 5d. Two thousand thimbles, £0 0s 0d. 5¼ yards galloon, £0 2s 2¾d. Total £13 13s 4d. Ironmongersware: Two till locks, £0 7s 0d. Two frying pans, £0 12s 4d. Ironmongersware carried over, £0 19s 4d. Carried over £129 14s 11¾d.
102		99	Brought over £ 129. 14. 11¾ Ironmongersware Brought over £. 19. 4 2 Stock Locks 6. 3. 2 2 Chafing Dishes 8. 10 1 Stock Lock B. 1. 5 H.o 10 oz Brasswear 6. 6 1 Rag Stone ". 3 1 Spade 6. 7½ 1 Helve 1. 7½ 26 Wood Screws 6. " 1 Chamber Door Lock 10. " 3. 3. 3 Iron Potts 5 Small & D. Lorrain 6.o 84.lb 1. 11. 6 Kersey ½ Yards 7 Long Cloath Viz.t 2 P.s Long Cloth Ordinary 2. 16. " 3 p.s D.o Middling 5. ". 6 7. 16. 6 Lead 61. 1. 7 Sheet 1. 16. 9 Norwich Stuffs 6 yards Black Crape 16. 6 Nails Viz.t 2½.d Tacks £. 3. 9½ 17½ 3.d Nails 17. 10½ 15.d 10.d D.o 13. 1½ 3.d 20.d D.o 3. 9 3.d 20.d D.o 1. 6 10.d 6.d 7. 1 2.d Scupper Nails 1. 10 2. 8. 11½ Oyl Viz.t 30½ Gallons Linseed Oyl 10. 3. 4 33 Gallons Lamp Oyl 8. 5. " ½ Gallon Florence D.o 7. 6 18. 15. 10 Carried over £ 166. 11. 3½	Brought over £129 14s 11¾d. Ironmongersware brought over, £0 19s 4d. Two stock locks, £0 3s 2d. Two chafing dishes, £0 8s 10d. One stock lock, £1 5s 0d. 40 ounces braziersware, £0 6s 6d. One rag stone, £0 0s 3d. One spade, £0 6s 7½d. One helve, £0 1s 2d. 26 wood screws, £0 6s 0d. One chamber door lock, £0 10s 0d. Total £3 3s 3d. Iron pots, five small at 4d Lorraine, 8d, £1 11s 6d. Kersey, 3½ yards, £0 7s 0d. Long cloth: Two pieces long cloth ordinary, £2 16s 0d. Three pieces meddling, £5 0s 6d. Total £7 16s 6d. Lead, one hundredweight one quarter seven pounds, £1 16s 9d. Norwich stuffs, six yards black crape, £0 16s 6d. Nails: 2½ hundredweight tacks, £3 9¼d. 17½ hundredweight ten-penny nails, £17 10½d. 15 hundredweight ten-penny [...], £13 1½d. Three hundredweight two-penny [...], £3 9d. Three hundredweight twenty-penny [...], £1 6d. 15 hundredweight six-penny [...], £7 1d. 25 pounds scupper nails, £1 10d. Total £2 8s 11½d. Oil: 30½ gallons linseed oil, £10 3s 4d. 33 gallons lamp oil, £8 5s 0d. Half gallon Florence oil, £0 7s 6d. Total £18 15s 10d. Carried over £166 11s 3½d.
103		100	Brought over £ 166. 11. 3½ Oars 1. 16 foot 3. 10 Paint Viz.t 9.lb 15 oz Indico £. 10. 2 148.lb Whiting 12. 4 200.lb White Lead 5. 15. 3 15 double Barrells Lamp Black 10. " 35.lb Spanish Brown 8. 9 9.lb Red Lead 3. " 4.lb Verdigrease 17. " 4.lb Yellow Oker 7½ 8. 17. 5½ Pepper 3.lb 3. " Pitch &c Viz.t 12.lb Pitch 1. 6 37.lb Rozin 9. 9 6 Gallons Tarr 6. " 17. 3 Pewter Viz.t 1 Quarterin pott 1. " 1 half p.t D.o 6 1. 6 Pallampores Viz.t 1 Pallampore 1. 4. 8 1 d.o 6. " 1. 10. 8 Rice and Paddy Viz.t 173.lb Rice 1. 1. 7¼ 8.b 2. 4 Paddy 3. 14. 8¼ 4. 16. 3½ Sugar & Candy Viz.t 2686.lb Sugar 69. 7. 5 522.lb Candy 19. 11. 6 88. 18. 11 Shott 47.lb Bird 15. 8 Carried over £ 272. 17. 6¾	Brought over £166 11s 3½d. Oars, one, 16 foot, £0 3s 10d. Paint: 2½ pounds indigo, £0 10s 2d. 148 pounds whiting, £0 12s 4d. 200 pounds white lead, £5 15s 3d. 15 double barrels lamp black, £0 10s 0d. 35 pounds Spanish brown, £0 8s 9d. 9 pounds red lead, £0 3s 0d. 4 pounds verdigris, £0 17s 0d. Yellow ochre, £0 7¾d. Total £8 17s 5¾d. Pepper, £0 3s 0d. Pitch: 12 pounds pitch, £0 1s 6d. 37 pounds rosin, £0 9s 9d. Six gallons tar, £0 6s 0d. Total £0 17s 3d. Pewter: One quart pot, £0 1s 0d. One half [...], £0 0s 6d. Total £0 1s 6d. Pallampores: One pallampore, £1 4s 8d. One [...], £0 6s 0d. Total £1 10s 8d. Rice and paddy: 123 pounds rice, £1 1s 7¼d. 8 pounds 2 [...] 4 [...] paddy, £3 14s 8¼d. Total £4 16s 3¾d. Sugar and candy: 2,686 pounds sugar, £69 7s 5d. 522 pounds candy, £19 11s 6d. Total £88 18s 11d. Shot, 47 pounds bird, £0 15s 8d. Carried over £272 17s 6¼d.
104		101	Brought over £ 272. 17. 6¾ Sagathy 53½ Yards 7. 2. 8 Shoes Viz.t 4 pair Men's Shoes £1. 8. 8 7 p.r D.o 2. 2. " 3 p.r D.o 12. " 4. 2. 8 Salt 1½ Bushells 11. " Shirts & Stockings 41 Shirts 5. 2. 6 35 P.r Stockings 4. 7. 6 9. 10. " Stationaryware Viz.t 1 Spelling Book ". ". 11 1 Primmer ". ". 3 1. 2 Soap 20.lb 1. 17. 6 Shalloon 21½ Yards 3. 3. 9 Tea 100.lb 26. 11. " Thread Viz.t 10 oz Thread £. 13. 1 9 oz D.o 10. 6 1 oz D.o 3. 9 4.lb Coloured Thread 19. " 2. 6. 7 Tinware 1 Coffee pott 1. 8 6 patty Pans 3. 6 1 Pepper Box 3 ". 5. 5 Turnersware Viz.t 14 Small Wood Bowls 8. 2 2 Cloth Brushes 3. 6 1 Hair Broom 3. 6 Turnersware Carr.d over £ 15. 2 Carried over £ 328. 12. 1¼	Brought over £272 17s 6¼d. Sagathy, 53½ yards, £7 2s 8d. Shoes: Four pair men's shoes, £1 8s 8d. Seven pair [...], £2 2s 0d. Three pair [...], £0 12s 0d. Total £4 2s 8d. Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 11s 1½d. Shirts and stockings: 41 shirts, £5 2s 6d. 35 pairs stockings, £4 7s 6d. Total £9 10s 0d. Stationaryware: One spelling book, £0 0s 11d. One primer, £0 0s 3d. Total £0 1s 2d. Soap, £1 17s 6d. Shalloon, 21¾ yards, £3 3s 9d. Tea, 109 pounds, £26 11s 0d. Thread: 10 ounces thread, £0 13s 4d. Seven ounces [...], £0 10s 6d. One ounce [...], £0 3s 9d. Four pounds coloured thread, £0 19s 0d. Total £2 6s 7d. Tinware: One coffee pot, £0 1s 8d. Six patty pans, £0 3s 6d. One pepper box, £0 0s 3d. Total £0 5s 5d. Turnersware: 14 small wood bowls, £0 8s 2d. Two cloth brushes, £0 3s 6d. One hair broom, £0 3s 6d. Total £0 15s 2d. Carried over £328 12s 1¼d.
105		102	Brought over £ 328. 12. 1¼ Turnersware Brought over £. 15. 2 1 Small Platter ". 7 1 large D.o 1. 2 1 Strainer 5 ". 17. 4 Twine &c 1.lb Twine ". 2. 6 2.lb d.o cotton ". 4. " 3.lb Packthread ". 7. " 1½ Shoe Thread 3. 9 ". 17. 3 Leather 29.lb 2. 12. 4 Canvas &c 5 Yards Sacking 5. 10 Lasts One Womens 1. " £ 333. 6. 5¼ A Collection of Charges General from 1.st January to 31 March 1743 Viz.t Arrack 6¾ Gallons 14. 10¾ Alliejars 8.oz Silk 1. 14. " Bread 11.lb 1. 6 Bunting 1 Yard ". 8 Candles 55.lb 3. 15. " Cutleryware 1 Watchmens Snuffer ". 3 Cordage 17.lb 1. 2. 3¾ Canvas 30 Yards 2. 1. " Deals &c Viz.t 3.p Double Deals 4. 10. 8 1 Spar 2. " 1 Inch Wainscott Board 4 1 half Inch D.o 2. 4½ 5. 7. ½ Carried over £ 17. 16. 9¾	Brought over £328 12s 1¼d. Turnersware brought over, £0 15s 2d. One small platter, £0 0s 7d. One large [...], £0 1s 2d. One strainer, £0 0s 5d. Total £0 17s 4d. Twine: One pound twine, £0 2s 6d. Two pounds [...] cotton, £0 4s 0d. Three pounds paint thread, £0 7s 0d. 1½ pounds shoe thread, £0 3s 9d. Total £0 17s 3d. Leather, 39 pounds, £2 12s 4d. Canvas etc, five yards sacking, £0 5s 10d. Lasts, two women's, £0 1s 0d. Total £333 6s 5¼d. A collection of charges general from 1 January to 31 March 1743. Arrack, 8½ gallons, £0 14s 10¾d. Alliejars, 8½ pounds silk, £1 14s 0d. Bread, 11 pounds, £0 1s 6d. Bunting, one yard, £0 0s 8d. Candles, 55 pounds, £3 15s 0d. Cutleryware, one watchhouse [...], £0 0s 3d. Cordage, 17 pounds, £1 2s 3¾d. Canvas, 20 yards, £2 6s 0d. Deals etc: Three feet double deals, £4 10s 8d. One spar, £0 2s 0d. One inch wainscot board, £0 0s 4d. Half inch [...], £0 2s 4d. Total £5 7s 3d. Carried over £17 16s 9¾d.
106		103	Brought over £. 17. 16. 9½ Deesootees Viz.t 1 double p.c white £. 16. 9 1 Singl p.c Blue 7. 2 1. 3. 11 Glaziersware Viz.t 21 Squares Glass 12 by 12 15. 3¾ 12 d.o d.o 6 by 8 9. 4 1 Beer Glass 7 1. 2. 7¾ Hooks 12 doz. Sorted 2. 8 Haberdashery Viz.t 1 p.c narrow Tape ". 3½ 2 oz China Silk 1. 3½ ". 5. 11 Ironmongersware Viz.t 1 Lock £. 9. " 1 doz. Gimblitts 1. 7½ 6 armor Chizells 1. 6 3.lb 6.oz Brassware 8. 6 1 Iron rimd Lock 5. 6 2 plate Bolts with Staples 1. 3½ 4 Rag Stones ". 4 1 P.r Bellows 2. 4 2 Stock Locks B. 1. 7½ 2 Helves 1. 1½ 2 Scythe Stones 3 1. 13. 1¼ Iron 1 Barrel 6.o 62. 1. 17 2. " Nails Viz.t 24.lb 5.d Nails £. 14. " 17.lb 6.d d.o 7. 4 19.lb 20.d d.o 3. 6 17.lb 16.d d.o 5. 8 5.lb Rivetts 2. 3½ 2.lb Tacks 1. 8 1. 14. 2½ Carried over 25. 14. 8½	Brought over £17 16s 9¾d. One double piece white deescoteles, £0 16s 9d. One single piece blue deescoteles, £0 7s 2d. Total £1 3s 11d. Glazierware: 21 squares glass, 12 by 12, £15 3¾d. 12 squares glass, 6 by 8, £6 9¾d. One beer glass, £0 0s 7d. Total £1 2s 7¾d. Hooks, 12 sorted, £0 2s 6d. Haberdasheryware: 19 pieces narrow tape, £0 0s 3½d. 2 ounces china silk, £0 1s 3½d. Total £0 5s 11d. Ironmongersware: One lock, £0 9s 0d. One dozen gimblets, £0 1s 7½d. Six armour chizzels, £0 1s 6d. 3½ ounces braziersware, £0 8s 6d. One iron ram lock, £0 5s 6d. Two plate bolts with staples, £0 1s 3½d. Four rag stones, £0 0s 4d. One pair bellows, £0 2s 1d. Two stock locks, £0 1s 7½d. Two helves, £0 1s 1½d. Two scythe stones, £0 0s 3d. Total £1 13s 1¼d. Iron, eight bars weighing two hundredweight one quarter seventeen pounds, £2 0s 0d. Nails: 24 pounds five-penny nails, £0 14s 0d. 17 pounds six-penny [...], £0 7s 4d. 19 pounds twenty-penny [...], £0 3s 6d. 17 pounds ten-penny [...], £0 5s 8d. Five pounds rivets, £0 2s 3¾d. Two pounds tacks, £0 1s 8d. Total £1 14s 2½d. Carried over £25 14s 8½d.
107		104	Brought over £ 25. 14. 8 Oyl Viz.t 9½ Gallons Linseed Oyl £2. 1. 11½ 5½ Gallons Rape Oyl 16. 6 2¾ Gallons Train D.o 6. 10¾ 3. 3. 4 Pitch &c 3 Gallons Tarr 1. 6 Paint Viz.t 20.lb White Lead 8. " 4.lb Verdigrease 9. 4 5 double Barrells Lamblack 1. 3 9.lb Smalts 3. 4 ½ hundred Whiteing 7 1. 2. 6 Rosin 6.lb 8 Shott 32.lb Bird Shott 3. 4 Soap 84.lb 2. 3. 6 Sugar 12.lb 3. " Starch 11.lb 5. " Twine 1.lb 10¾ Thread 1.lb White, Brown & Sewt. 2. " Turnersware Viz.t 4 Scrubbing Brushes 5. 6 1 Cloth Brush 1. 1 1 Milk Strainer 3 1 Hair Sieve 1. 8 8. 6	Brought over £25 14s 8d. Oil: 9½ gallons linseed oil, £2 1s 11¾d. 5½ gallons rape oil, £0 16s 6d. 2¾ gallons train oil, £0 6s 10¾d. Total £3 3s 4d. Pitch, three gallons tar, £0 1s 6d. Paint: 30 pounds white lead, £0 8s 0d. Four pounds verdigris, £0 9s 4d. Five double barrels lamp black, £0 1s 3d. Nine pounds smalt, £0 3s 4d. Half hundred whiting, £0 0s 7d. Total £1 2s 6d. Rosin, six pounds, £0 0s 8d. Shot, 52 pounds bird shot, £0 3s 4d. Soap, 84 pounds, £2 3s 6d. Sugar, 12 pounds, £0 3s 0d. Starch, 11 pounds, £0 5s 0d. Twine, one pound, £0 0s 10¾d. Thread, one pound white brown and swift, £0 2s 0d. Turnersware: Four scrubbing brushes, £0 5s 6d. One cloth brush, £0 1s 1d. One milk strainer, £0 0s 3d. One hair sieve, £0 1s 8d. Total £0 8s 6d.
108		105	A Collection of Garrison from 1.st January to 31 March 1743 Arrack 10 Gallons 1. 11. 6 Bunting 16½ Yards Blue ". 9. " Cordage 502.lb 8. 9. 9 Duck 2 Yards Russia ". 2. 6 Glazierware 2 four hone Glasses ". 6. 8 Ironmongerware 1 Hatchett 2. " Lines Viz.t 1 large Marlbro Line 1. 10 1 Small D.o 1. 4 3. 2 Lead 10.lb Shot 6. 9¾ Nails Viz.t 2.lb 6.d Nails ". 10 4.lb 20.d d.o 3. 4 2.lb 5.d d.o 1. 2 3.lb 10.d d.o 1. " 6. 4 Oyl Viz.t 4½ Gallons Lamp Oyl 6. 9. " 3½ d.o Linseed d.o 19. 10¾ 2 Bottles Florence d.o 5. " 7. 11. 10¾ Pitch &c Viz.t 2 Barrells Tarr 2. 3. " 1.cwt Rozin 9. 2 2. 3. 2 Paint Viz.t 22.lb Verdigrease 2. 11. 4 18.lb White Lead ". 3. 8¾ 8. Red d.o 1. 9 2. 16. 2¾ Tea 6.oz 2. 10. " Twine 3.lb 2. 7½ Turnersware Hair Broom ". 2. 3¾ Thread 1 pound white Brown & Say[...] 2. " Garrison amounting to £ 27. 5. 10¾	A collection of garrison charges from 1 January to 31 March 1743. Arrack, 10 gallons, £1 11s 6d. Bunting, 16½ yards blue, £0 9s 0d. Cordage, 502 pounds, £8 9s 9d. Duck, 2 yards Russia, £0 2s 6d. Glazierware, two four-hour glasses, £0 6s 8d. Ironmongersware, one hatchet, £0 2s 0d. Lines: One larger Marambo line, £0 1s 10d. One smaller [...], £0 1s 4d. Total £0 3s 2d. Lead, 10 pounds shot, £0 6s 9¾d. Nails: 2 pounds six-penny nails, £0 0s 10d. Four pounds two-penny [...], £0 3s 4d. 2 pounds five-penny [...], £0 1s 2d. 3 pounds ten-penny [...], £0 1s 0d. Total £0 6s 4d. Oil: 41½ gallons lamp oil, £6 9s 0d. 1½ gallons linseed [...], £0 19s 10¾d. Two bottles Florence [...], £0 5s 0d. Total £7 11s 10¾d. Pitch: Two barrels tar, £2 3s 0d. One [...] rosin, £0 0s 2d. Total £2 3s 2d. Paint: 22 pounds verdigris, £2 11s 4d. 18 pounds white lead, £0 3s 8¾d. Eight pounds red [...], £0 1s 9d. Total £2 16s 2¾d. Tea, 60 pounds, £2 10s 0d. Twine, 3 pounds, £0 2s 7½d. Turnersware, hair broom, £0 2s 3¾d. Thread, one pound white brown and swift, £0 2s 0d. Garrison amounting to £27 5s 10¾d.
109		106	A Collection of Diet Expences from 1.st January to the 31 March 1743 Viz.t Arrack 37½ Gallons £ 38. 6. 9 Flour 7 Sacks 17. 10. " Oyl Viz.t 16 Bottles Florence D.o 2. ". " Pepper 6.lb ". 3. " Sugar & Candy Viz.t 6 Bags Sugar w.t 8. ". 17 11. 8. 3 156.lb Candy 2. 14. 8 14. 2. 11 Salt 8 Bushells 2. 6. 8 Diet Expences amounting to £ 67. 9. 3 A Collection of Boats from 1.st January to 31.st March 1743 Viz.t Cordage 4.cwt 2. 1. 16 1. 1. 6½ Deals 5 double 13. 4 Nails Viz.t 5.lb 5.d Nails 2. 11 22.lb 6.d d.o 13. 4 22.lb 25.d d.o 6. 5 7.lb 10.d d.o 2. 4 1. 5. " Oyl ½ Gallon Train ". 1. 4½ Oars Viz.t 5 Oars 18 foot 16. 8 4 d.o 16.d d.o 14. " 1. 10. 8 Pitch &c Viz.t 150.lb Pitch 11. 6 24 Gallons Tarr 12. " 15.lb Turpentine 2. " 1. 5. 6 Turnersware 1 Large Wood Bowl ". 9 Boats amounting to £ 8. 18. 2	A collection of diet expenses from 1 January to 31 March 1743. Arrack, 37½ gallons, £3 6s 9d. Flour, 7 sacks, £3 17s 10d. Oil: 16 bottles Florence oil, £2 0s 0d. Pepper, £0 0s 3d. Sugar and candy: 6½ bags sugar weighing eight hundredweight seventeen pounds, £11 8s 3d. 15½ pounds candy, £2 14s 8d. Total £14 2s 11d. Salt, 9 bushels, £2 6s 8d. Diet expenses amounting to £67 9s 3d. A collection of boat charges from 1 January to 31 March 1743. Cordage, four hundredweight two quarters eleven pounds, £4 1s 6¾d. Deals, five double, £0 13s 4d. Nails: 5 pounds five-penny nails, £0 2s 11d. 22 pounds six-penny [...], £0 13s 4d. 22 pounds twenty-penny [...], £0 6s 5d. 7 pounds ten-penny [...], £0 2s 4d. Total £1 5s 0d. Oil, half gallon train, £0 1s 8¾d. Oars, five oars 18 foot, £0 16s 8d. Add 16 [...], £0 14s 0d. Total £1 10s 8d. Pitch: 150 pounds pitch, £0 11s 6d. 2½ gallons tar, £0 12s 0d. 15 pounds turpentine, £0 2s 0d. Total £1 5s 6d. Turnersware, one large wood bowl, £0 0s 9d. Boats amounting to £8 18s 2d.
110		107	A Collection of Fortification from 1.st January to the 31 March 1743 Viz.t Brazierware 2 large brass Cocks £. 13. " Barrow Wheels 12 2. ". " Cordage 6.cwt 5. 1. 13 9. 3. 2 Canvas &c 2 p.s Sacking 1. 12. 4 Deals &c Viz.t 78 Double Deals £10. 8. " 8 long Spars 1. 4. " 6 Mast D.o 12. " 12. 4. " Glazierware Viz.t 1 four hour Glass 3. 4 1 half d.o d.o 6 . 3. 10 Haberdashery ware half hundred Needles & Bugles 3 Ironmongerware Viz.t 1 Chizell ". 11 1 P.d Saw file 6 1 Trowell 1. " 1 Chest Lock 4. " 2 doz. Shoe Shovells 1. 14. 6 2. ". 11 Lead 5.lb Shot 1. 4 Lines 3 Marlbro 3. 2 Masks 1 Yard 45 foot 4. 16. " Nails Viz.t 2.lb 5.d Nails 1. 2 8.lb 20.d d.o 6. 8 16½.lb 10.d d.o 6. " 27½.lb 6.d d.o 8. 11¾ 9.lb 20.d d.o 1. 2 2.lb Coopers Rivetts 11 1. 5. 4½ Oyl Viz.t ½ Gallon Linseed Oyl 2. 2½ 1½ Gallons Lamp D.o 4. 6 6. 8½ Carried over £ 34. 30. 1	A collection of fortification charges from 1 January to 31 March 1743. Braziersware, two large brass cocks, £0 13s 0d. Barrow wheels, 12, £0 2s 0d. Cordage, five hundredweight one quarter thirteen pounds, £0 9s 3d. Canvas etc, two pieces sacking, £0 1s 12s 4d. Deals etc: 70 double deals, £10 8s 0d. Eight long spars, £1 4s 0d. Six [...], £0 12s 0d. Total £12 4s 0d. Glazierware: One four-hour glass, £0 3s 4d. One half [...], £0 0s 6d. Total £0 3s 10d. Haberdasheryware, half hundred needles [...], £0 0s 3d. Ironmongersware: One chizzel, £0 0s 11d. One handsaw file, £0 0s 6d. One trowel, £0 1s 0d. One chest lock, £0 4s 0d. Two dozen shoe shovels, £1 14s 6d. Total £2 0s 11d. Lead, 5 pounds shot, £0 1s 4d. Lines, 5 Marambo, £0 3s 2d. Masks, one yard 45 foot, £0 4s 16s 0d. Nails: 2 pounds five-penny nails, £0 1s 2d. 8 pounds two-penny [...], £0 6s 8d. 10¾ pounds ten-penny [...], £0 6s 0d. 2¼ pounds six-penny [...], £0 8s 11½d. 9 pounds twenty-penny [...], £0 1s 2d. 2 pounds copper rivets, £0 0s 11d. Total £1 5s 4½d. Oil: Half gallon linseed oil, £0 2s 2¾d. 1¼ gallons lamp oil, £0 4s 6d. Total £0 6s 8¾d. Carried over £34 30s 1d.
111		108	Brought over £ 34. 30. 1 Paint 1.lb white Lead ". 2. 8 Thread 2.lb white Brown & Say[...] ". 1. " Twine &c Viz.t 2.lb Twine ". 1. 9 1.lb Packthread 2. 4 ". 4. 1 Tinware 3 large speaking Trumpets ". 9. 9 Fortification amounting to £ 36. ". 7 A Collection of Blacks from 1.st January to 31.st March 1743 Viz.t Bayes 21 Yards & Say[...] £. 7. 6 Dimity 5½ yards Corded 1. 3. 4 Haberdashery 5½ y.ds Ferrett ". 1. 5 Kersey 1 piece 1. ". " Long Cloth 2 p.s 1. 17. 4 Shoes 1 pair 6.d Lorrain ". 4. " Sugar 5.lb ". ". 9 Thread 2.lb white Brown & Say[...] ". 4. " Tea 2.lb ". 5. 8 Blacks amounting to £ 9. ". "	Brought over £34 30s 1d. Paint, 12 pounds white lead, £0 2s 8d. Thread, 2 pounds white brown and swift, £0 1s 0d. Twine: 2 pounds twine, £0 1s 9d. 2 pounds pack thread, £0 2s 4d. Total £0 4s 1d. Tinware, three large speaking trumpets, £0 19s 9d. Fortification amounting to £36 0s 7d. A collection of blacks from 1 January to 31 March 1743. Bayes, 21 yards Suffolk, £1 7s 6d. Dimity, 5½ yards corded, £1 3s 4d. Haberdashery, 5¼ yards ferret, £0 1s 3d. Kersey, 1½ piece, £1 0s 0d. Long cloth, 2 pieces, £1 17s 4d. Shoes, 1 pair Lorraine, £0 1s 0d. Sugar, 5 pounds, £0 0s 9d. Thread, 2 pounds white brown and swift, £0 1s 0d. Tea, 2 pounds, £0 1s 8d. Blacks amounting to £9 0s 0d. Interpretations Bayes and kersey were coarse woollen cloths, the standard material used for slave clothing across English colonial settlements, cheaper and more durable than the finer cottons and silks the store sold to the free population elsewhere in these accounts, and their appearance here alongside dimity and long cloth shows the council maintaining a distinct, plainer stock of textiles reserved for the slave population's issue.
112		109	The following Petition was this day presented and Read Viz.t To the Worshipfull George Gabriel Powell Esq.r Governour &c. Council of St Helena The Humble Petition of Thomas Colgrove Humbly Sheweth That your petitioner having served his full time in the Honourable Companys Service here, & now thinking that it will be much more to his advantage to quitt the same, Your Petitioner therefore most humbly begs that your Worship and Council will be favourably pleased to Grant him his discharge And your petitioner as in duty bound shall ever pray Tho.s Colgrove St Helena 19. July 1743 Granted The Steward and Gunner this Day brought in their Accounts which were Examined & proved and are as follows viz.t Expended in the Month of June 1743. Viz.t 77 Bottles Port Wine @ 3.d ¾ p.t 1. 16. 3 49 . . . . Mountain d.o 3. 1. 6 23 . . . . Red Cape 2 p.t 1. 10. 6 21 . . . . White Cape 3½ p.t 1. 3. 3 124 . . . Small Beer 9.d p.t 1. 5. " 110 Gallons Arrack @ 6.d p.t 3. 2. 6 250.lb Sugar @ 13.p.t 1. 3. 4 70.lb Sugar Candy @ 15.p.t 17. 6 7 Bottles Florence Oyl @ 6.d p.t ". 6 4 Bushells Salt @ 5.p.t 1. 11. 10 3 Casks Flour @ 1. 10. 7½ each 1. 6 5.cwt Copper @ 6.p.t 6. 9 3 Gross Corks @ 3.p.t ". 6 2.pr Salt Beef & Pork @ 3.t 2. 14. 2 6.lb Pork 2.d 2. 4 5 Sheep @ 20.p.t ". 6 12 Goats @ 10.p.t 1. 12. 6 2 Hoggs w.t 63.lb @ 6.p.t 1. 3 5 Calfs @ 15.p.t ". 2 8 Turkeys @ 15.p.t ". 15 20 Chickens @ 6.p.t 4. 18. 6 2 Calfs w.t 197.lb £ 60. 11. 4	The following petition was presented and read that day. Thomas Colgrove petitioned Governor Powell and the council of St Helena, setting out that he had served his full time in the honourable company's service and now believed it would be much to his advantage to quit that service. He asked that the council favourably grant him his discharge. He signed the petition at St Helena on 19 July 1743. The council granted the petition. The steward and gunner brought in their accounts that day, which the council examined, approved and recorded as follows. Expended in the month of June 1743. 77 bottles port wine at 5d per bottle, £1 16s 3d. 49 bottles mountain at 4d per bottle, £0 16s 4d. 23 bottles red cape at 2d per bottle, £0 3s 10d. 21 bottles white cape at 2d per bottle, £0 3s 6d. 6 bottles small beer at 4d per bottle, £0 10s 0d. 110 gallons arrack at 6d per gallon, £2 15s 0d. 2¾ pounds sugar at 3d per pound, £1 4s 6d. 70 pounds sugar candy at 3d per pound, £0 17s 6d. 7 bottles Florence oil at 2s 6d per bottle, £0 17s 6d. 4 bushels salt at 3d per bushel, £1 11s 10d. 3 casks flour at £1 5s 0d per cask, £0 16s 0d. 5 pounds pepper at 2s per pound, £0 6s 9d. 3 gross corks at 2s 3d per gross, £0 6s 9d. 8 pounds salt beef at 3s per pound, £2 14s 2d. 6 pounds pork at 2s 4d per pound, £0 3s 0d. 5 sheep at 1s 2d each, £0 6s 0d. 12 goats at 2s 8¾d each, £1 12s 6d. 2 hogs weighing 65 pounds at 6d per pound, £1 3s 0d. 5 calves at 4¾d each, £0 2s 0d. 8 turkeys at 1s 6d each, £0 15s 0d. 20 chickens at 3d each, £4 18s 6d. 2 calves weighing 197 pounds at 6d per pound, £5 18s 6d. Total £60 11s 4d. Interpretations The steward and gunner presented separate accounts each month, examined and approved by the council in the same manner as the husband's livestock account and the accountant's cash journal, showing that St Helena's administration relied on several distinct officers each reporting on their own department of company property, checked against one another for accuracy. The range of imported wines, port, mountain, red and white cape, alongside arrack and Florence oil, drawn from Madeira, the Cape of Good Hope and the East Indies respectively, reflects St Helena's position on the shipping routes between Europe, Africa and Asia, allowing its stores to draw on produce from several distant regions rather than depending on any single source of supply. Speculations Thomas Colgrove asked to be discharged from company service on the ground that quitting would serve his advantage better than remaining, and the council granted the request without recorded condition or objection. Company service on St Helena was not typically ended at will, since men enlisted for a term and the company depended on retaining trained hands on an isolated island where replacements arrived only by ship; granting an unconditional discharge on so bare a stated reason, rather than requiring completion of a further term or extracting some undertaking in exchange, shows the council treating a voluntary departure as a request to be accommodated rather than a loss to be resisted.
113		110	Guns fired, Shot fired, 32.lb.r, 24.lb.r, 18.lb.r, 12.lb.r, 9.lb.r, 6.lb.r, 4.lb.r, 3.lb.r, 2.lb.r, ½.lb.r, Powder Expended 4th Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 2, 4.lb.r 2, 3.lb.r 0, 2.lb.r 2, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 13 5. fired at Bankds returning the ship too: Guns fired 1, Shot fired 1, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 1, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 0, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 7 D.o Arrived y.e Dover Man of War Capt. Rogers: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 1, 9.lb.r 5, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 42 D.o fired for Capt. Rogers's Landing: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 1, 9.lb.r 5, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 42 11 fired for the Kings Accession to the Throne: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 1, 9.lb.r 5, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 42 16 fired for y.e Gov.r going on Board y.e Man of War: Guns fired 15, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 15 D.o fired for the Gov.r coming on Shore: Guns fired 15, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 15 18 Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 2, 4.lb.r 2, 3.lb.r 0, 2.lb.r 2, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 13 19. Arrived a Dutch Ship: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 11, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 11 20 fired for y.e Captains & Supra Cargoes going on Board: Guns fired 54, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 54, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 54 D.o fired to Salute the Man of War: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 1, 9.lb.r 5, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 42 D.o fired for Gov.rs Lady going on Board: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 11, 32.lb.r 1, 24.lb.r 2, 18.lb.r 1, 12.lb.r 6, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r [...], 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended [...] 20 fired for Captain Rogers going on Board: Guns fired 17, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 1, 18.lb.r 1, 12.lb.r 2, 9.lb.r 7, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 6, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 66 21 An Alarm for a Ship that went by: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 2, 4.lb.r 2, 3.lb.r 0, 2.lb.r 2, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 13 22 Departed two Dutch Ships: Guns fired 20, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 20, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 20 24 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 2, 4.lb.r 2, 3.lb.r 0, 2.lb.r 2, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 13 25. Arrived the Shaftsbury Capt. Bookey: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 9, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 9 D.o fired for Capt. Bookeys Landing: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 9, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 9 12 hours of powder expended for priming powder to the Guard & Cutforts: Powder Expended 39 powder for Exercising: Powder Expended 33 [...]: Powder Expended 97 Totall: Guns fired 230, Shot fired 6, 32.lb.r 44, 24.lb.r 1, 18.lb.r 3, 12.lb.r 2, 9.lb.r 13, 6.lb.r 27, 4.lb.r 8, 3.lb.r 8, 2.lb.r 109, ½.lb.r 8, Powder Expended 840 John French Gun.r Rammer heads 8 Sponge heads 8 Sponge Staves 8 Handspikes 11 Sheep Skins 8 Lead Balls 3.d Priming Wires 8 Match 10.d Paper 14. 2.d Bougie Barrells 4 Bitts 4	Gunners' stores expended in the month of June 1743. 4 June, alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 guns 32-pounder, 2 guns 1-pounder, 2 pounds powder expended, 13 pounds powder expended. 2 June, fired at Bank's for bringing the ship to, 1 gun fired, 1 gun 32-pounder, 1 gun 8-pounder, 7 pounds powder expended. 2 June, arrived the Dover man of war, Captain Rogers, 21 guns fired, 1 gun 12-pounder, 5 guns 8-pounder, 15 pounds powder expended, 42 pounds powder expended. 2 June, fired for Captain Rogers' landing, 21 guns fired, 1 gun 12-pounder, 5 guns 8-pounder, 15 pounds powder expended, 42 pounds powder expended. 11 June, fired for the King's accession to the throne, 21 guns fired, 1 gun 12-pounder, 5 guns 8-pounder, 15 pounds powder expended, 42 pounds powder expended. 15 June, fired for the Governor going on board of a man of war, 15 guns fired, 15 pounds powder expended, 15 pounds powder expended. 15 June, fired for the Governor coming on shore, 15 guns fired, 15 pounds powder expended, 15 pounds powder expended. 18 June, alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 guns 32-pounder, 2 guns 1-pounder, 2 pounds powder expended, 13 pounds powder expended. 19 June, arrived a Dutch ship, 9 guns fired, 11 pounds powder expended, 11 pounds powder expended. 20 June, fired for the captain and supercargoes going on board, 54 guns fired, 54 pounds powder expended, 54 pounds powder expended. 20 June, fired to salute the man of war, 21 guns fired, 1 gun 12-pounder, 5 guns 8-pounder, 15 pounds powder expended, 42 pounds powder expended. 20 June, fired for the Governor's lady going on board, 21 guns fired, 11 guns 32-pounder, 1 gun 24-pounder, 2 guns 18-pounder, 1 gun 12-pounder, 6 guns 8-pounder, 15 pounds powder expended, 247 pounds powder expended. 20 June, fired for Captain Rogers going on board, 17 guns fired, 1 gun 24-pounder, 1 gun 18-pounder, 2 guns 12-pounder, 7 guns 8-pounder, 6 pounds powder expended, 66 pounds powder expended. 21 June, an alarm for a ship that went by, 6 guns fired, 2 guns 32-pounder, 2 guns 1-pounder, 2 pounds powder expended, 13 pounds powder expended. 22 June, departed two Dutch ships, 20 guns fired, 20 pounds powder expended, 20 pounds powder expended. 24 June, an alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 guns 32-pounder, 2 guns 1-pounder, 2 pounds powder expended, 63 pounds powder expended. 25 June, arrived the Shaftesbury, Captain Bookey, 9 guns fired, 9 pounds powder expended, 9 pounds powder expended. 25 June, fired for Captain Bookey's landing, 9 guns fired, 9 pounds powder expended, 9 pounds powder expended. 12 hours of powder expended for priming powder to the guard and Culforts, 39 pounds powder expended. Powder for exercising, 33 pounds powder expended. Total: 97 pounds powder expended. Totals: 280 guns fired, 6 guns 32-pounder, 11 guns 1-pounder, 3 guns 24-pounder, 2 guns 18-pounder, 13 guns 12-pounder, 27 guns 8-pounder, 8 pounds shot fired, 8 pounds 32-pounder, 199 pounds 1-pounder, 8 pounds shot fired, 810 pounds powder expended. John French, gunner. Rammer heads, 8. Sponge heads, 8. Sponge staves, 8. Handspikes, 11. Sheepskins, 8. Lead balls, 3 hundredweight. Priming wires, 8. Match, 10 hundredweight. Paper, 11 reams 2 quires. Bung barrels, 4. Bolts, 4. Interpretations The gunner's monthly return recorded every discharge of the fort's cannon, whether fired in genuine alarm at an unidentified sail, in salute to an arriving or departing ship, or in ceremonial honour of the king's accession or the governor's movements, showing how the same battery served both the island's defence and its diplomatic and civic observances, with powder consumption tracked closely enough to distinguish each occasion. The firing of 54 guns for the captain and supercargoes of the arriving Dutch ship, and a further 21 to salute the man of war present at the same time, points to St Helena's practice of extending formal courtesies to foreign as well as company shipping, a customary exchange of salutes that helped maintain good relations with vessels of other nations calling at the island. Speculations The 247 pounds of powder expended in saluting the governor's lady as she went on board exceeded by a wide margin every other salute recorded that month, including the 42 pounds fired for Captain Rogers' own landing from a king's ship and the 66 pounds fired for his departure. Company practice generally scaled salutes to the office or rank of the person honoured rather than to a private individual's standing, so firing a salute of that size for the governor's wife, well beyond what was given to a serving naval captain, suggests the council chose to mark her passage with a display disproportionate to any formal entitlement she held, honouring the governor's household through her rather than any office of her own.
114		111	Guns fired, Shot fired, 32.lb.r, 24.lb.r, 18.lb.r, 12.lb.r, 9.lb.r, 6.lb.r, 4.lb.r, 3.lb.r, 2.lb.r, ½.lb.r, Powder Expended 4th Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 2, 4.lb.r 2, 3.lb.r 0, 2.lb.r 2, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 13 5. fired at Bankds returning the ship too: Guns fired 1, Shot fired 1, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 1, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 0, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 7 D.o Arrived y.e Dover Man of War Capt. Rogers: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 1, 9.lb.r 5, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 42 D.o fired for Capt. Rogers's Landing: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 1, 9.lb.r 5, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 42 11 fired for the Kings Accession to the Throne: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 1, 9.lb.r 5, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 42 16 fired for y.e Gov.r going on Board y.e Man of War: Guns fired 15, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 15 D.o fired for the Gov.r coming on Shore: Guns fired 15, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 15 18 Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 2, 4.lb.r 2, 3.lb.r 0, 2.lb.r 2, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 13 19. Arrived a Dutch Ship: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 11, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 11 20 fired for y.e Captains & Supra Cargoes going on Board: Guns fired 54, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 54, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 54 D.o fired to Salute the Man of War: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 1, 9.lb.r 5, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 15, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 42 D.o fired for Gov.rs Lady going on Board: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 11, 32.lb.r 1, 24.lb.r 2, 18.lb.r 1, 12.lb.r 6, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r [...], 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended [...] 20 fired for Captain Rogers going on Board: Guns fired 17, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 1, 18.lb.r 1, 12.lb.r 2, 9.lb.r 7, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 6, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 66 21 An Alarm for a Ship that went by: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 2, 4.lb.r 2, 3.lb.r 0, 2.lb.r 2, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 13 22 Departed two Dutch Ships: Guns fired 20, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 20, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 20 24 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 2, 4.lb.r 2, 3.lb.r 0, 2.lb.r 2, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 13 25. Arrived the Shaftsbury Capt. Bookey: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 9, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 9 D.o fired for Capt. Bookeys Landing: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 32.lb.r 0, 24.lb.r 0, 18.lb.r 0, 12.lb.r 0, 9.lb.r 0, 6.lb.r 0, 4.lb.r 0, 3.lb.r 9, 2.lb.r 0, ½.lb.r 0, Powder Expended 9 12 hours of powder expended for priming powder to the Guard & Cutforts: Powder Expended 39 powder for Exercising: Powder Expended 33 [...]: Powder Expended 97 Totall: Guns fired 230, Shot fired 6, 32.lb.r 44, 24.lb.r 1, 18.lb.r 3, 12.lb.r 2, 9.lb.r 13, 6.lb.r 27, 4.lb.r 8, 3.lb.r 8, 2.lb.r 109, ½.lb.r 8, Powder Expended 840 John French Gun.r Rammer heads 8 Sponge heads 8 Sponge Staves 8 Handspikes 11 Sheep Skins 8 Lead Balls 3.d Priming Wires 8 Match 10.d Paper 14. 2.d Bougie Barrells 4 Bitts 4	Gunners' stores expended in the month of June 1743. 4 June, alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 guns 32-pounder, 2 guns 1-pounder, 2 pounds powder expended, 13 pounds powder expended. 2 June, fired at Bank's for bringing the ship to, 1 gun fired, 1 gun 32-pounder, 1 gun 8-pounder, 7 pounds powder expended. 2 June, arrived the Dover man of war, Captain Rogers, 21 guns fired, 1 gun 12-pounder, 5 guns 8-pounder, 15 pounds powder expended, 42 pounds powder expended. 2 June, fired for Captain Rogers' landing, 21 guns fired, 1 gun 12-pounder, 5 guns 8-pounder, 15 pounds powder expended, 42 pounds powder expended. 11 June, fired for the King's accession to the throne, 21 guns fired, 1 gun 12-pounder, 5 guns 8-pounder, 15 pounds powder expended, 42 pounds powder expended. 15 June, fired for the Governor going on board of a man of war, 15 guns fired, 15 pounds powder expended, 15 pounds powder expended. 15 June, fired for the Governor coming on shore, 15 guns fired, 15 pounds powder expended, 15 pounds powder expended. 18 June, alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 guns 32-pounder, 2 guns 1-pounder, 2 pounds powder expended, 13 pounds powder expended. 19 June, arrived a Dutch ship, 9 guns fired, 11 pounds powder expended, 11 pounds powder expended. 20 June, fired for the captain and supercargoes going on board, 54 guns fired, 54 pounds powder expended, 54 pounds powder expended. 20 June, fired to salute the man of war, 21 guns fired, 1 gun 12-pounder, 5 guns 8-pounder, 15 pounds powder expended, 42 pounds powder expended. 20 June, fired for the Governor's lady going on board, 21 guns fired, 11 guns 32-pounder, 1 gun 24-pounder, 2 guns 18-pounder, 1 gun 12-pounder, 6 guns 8-pounder, 15 pounds powder expended, 247 pounds powder expended. 20 June, fired for Captain Rogers going on board, 17 guns fired, 1 gun 24-pounder, 1 gun 18-pounder, 2 guns 12-pounder, 7 guns 8-pounder, 6 pounds powder expended, 66 pounds powder expended. 21 June, an alarm for a ship that went by, 6 guns fired, 2 guns 32-pounder, 2 guns 1-pounder, 2 pounds powder expended, 13 pounds powder expended. 22 June, departed two Dutch ships, 20 guns fired, 20 pounds powder expended, 20 pounds powder expended. 24 June, an alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 guns 32-pounder, 2 guns 1-pounder, 2 pounds powder expended, 63 pounds powder expended. 25 June, arrived the Shaftesbury, Captain Bookey, 9 guns fired, 9 pounds powder expended, 9 pounds powder expended. 25 June, fired for Captain Bookey's landing, 9 guns fired, 9 pounds powder expended, 9 pounds powder expended. 12 hours of powder expended for priming powder to the guard and Culforts, 39 pounds powder expended. Powder for exercising, 33 pounds powder expended. Total: 97 pounds powder expended. Totals: 280 guns fired, 6 guns 32-pounder, 11 guns 1-pounder, 3 guns 24-pounder, 2 guns 18-pounder, 13 guns 12-pounder, 27 guns 8-pounder, 8 pounds shot fired, 8 pounds 32-pounder, 199 pounds 1-pounder, 8 pounds shot fired, 810 pounds powder expended. John French, gunner. Rammer heads, 8. Sponge heads, 8. Sponge staves, 8. Handspikes, 11. Sheepskins, 8. Lead balls, 3 hundredweight. Priming wires, 8. Match, 10 hundredweight. Paper, 11 reams 2 quires. Bung barrels, 4. Bolts, 4. Interpretations The gunner's monthly return recorded every discharge of the fort's cannon, whether fired in genuine alarm at an unidentified sail, in salute to an arriving or departing ship, or in ceremonial honour of the king's accession or the governor's movements, showing how the same battery served both the island's defence and its diplomatic and civic observances, with powder consumption tracked closely enough to distinguish each occasion. The firing of 54 guns for the captain and supercargoes of the arriving Dutch ship, and a further 21 to salute the man of war present at the same time, points to St Helena's practice of extending formal courtesies to foreign as well as company shipping, a customary exchange of salutes that helped maintain good relations with vessels of other nations calling at the island. Speculations The 247 pounds of powder expended in saluting the governor's lady as she went on board exceeded by a wide margin every other salute recorded that month, including the 42 pounds fired for Captain Rogers' own landing from a king's ship and the 66 pounds fired for his departure. Company practice generally scaled salutes to the office or rank of the person honoured rather than to a private individual's standing, so firing a salute of that size for the governor's wife, well beyond what was given to a serving naval captain, suggests the council chose to mark her passage with a display disproportionate to any formal entitlement she held, honouring the governor's household through her rather than any office of her own.
115		112	At a Consultation had on Tuesday the 2.d August 1743 at the Plantation house. Present George Gabriel Powell Esq.r Gov.r John Godfrey 2.d of Council Robert Wright 3.d of Council The Last Consultation was Read and approved Priscilla Higham this day made Complaint that Benjamin Pledger had drove one of her Heifers to his Plantation, without her knowledge or consent Benjamin Pledger being present was asked Concerning it & said that he bought a Heifer of Priscilla Higham's father which they agreed should be Valued by John Warwick who accordingly did Value it at £2. 17. which Sum he paid to Mr Higham, that drove the Heifer home Priscilla Higham then proved her right to the Heifer beyond dispute, her Grandfather having given her a Cow from which her broad marks & that the raising and maintaining of the Cattle never Cost her father a Single farthing, Wherefore he could have no Justifiable Excuse to Dispose of any & if he had it was making free with what was not his own, besides the Heifer was seen in her fathers mark, it Run Unmarked as all his Cattle do, and therefore Mr Pledger upon seeing the Beasts might have immediately Concluded it was not his because all his Stock is in his proper mark every Planter upon the Island knows Mr Pledger acknowledged the Heifer was not in Mr Higham's mark and thence Concluded that Mr Higham had imposed upon Mr Pledger in selling him a beast that was not his own, and that therefore Mr Pledger must return the Heifer to Priscilla Higham, tho' he paid Warwick himself become a Creditor to Mr Higham's Estate for his Money again G. G. Powell Jn.o Godfrey Rob.t Wright	A consultation was held on Tuesday 2 August 1743 at the plantation house. Present: Governor Powell, John Godfrey second of council, Robert Wright third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. Priscilla Higham that day complained that Benjamin Pledger had driven one of her heifers to his plantation without her knowledge or consent. Benjamin Pledger, being present, was asked concerning it, and said he had bought a heifer of Priscilla Higham's father, which they agreed should be valued by John Warwick, who accordingly valued it at £2 17s 0d, which sum had been paid to Higham, and he had accordingly driven the heifer home. Priscilla Higham then proved her right to the heifer beyond dispute. Her grandfather had given her a cow from which the heifer came, and her father had claimed only the raising and maintaining of the cattle, without paying a single farthing, so that he could have no just claim to dispose of any of the breed. It was marked free with her own mark before the heifer was even ear-marked, and it ran unmarked as all her cattle did, and therefore Pledger, upon seeing the beast, might have immediately concluded it was not his, because all his stock was in his proper mark, as every planter upon the island knew. Pledger acknowledged the heifer was not in his mark, and it was therefore concluded that Higham had imposed upon Pledger in selling him a beast that was not her own, and that Pledger must therefore return the heifer to Priscilla Higham, the rightful owner, and himself become a creditor to Higham's estate for his money again. Governor Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright. Interpretations Cattle marks served as the principal proof of ownership on St Helena's open plantations, where livestock grazed at large rather than in enclosed pasture, so that an animal running unmarked or in the wrong mark could be identified as belonging to another owner at a glance, a system the council relied on here to settle competing claims without any written bill of sale. Higham's argument rested on a distinction between ownership of the original breeding stock, which passed to her by gift from her grandfather, and her father's mere labour in raising and maintaining the herd that descended from it, a distinction the council accepted as decisive in denying her father, and so Pledger as his purchaser, any right to dispose of the animal. Speculations Higham's father had raised and maintained the cattle descended from his daughter's original cow for long enough that Pledger reasonably believed him the owner and paid a fair price, valued by an independent third party, for the heifer. Rather than let that purchase stand, or split the loss between the two men, the council instead voided the sale outright, returned the heifer to Higham, and left Pledger to recover his money from her father's estate. Treating the true owner's claim as absolute even against a buyer who had taken every reasonable precaution shows the council prioritising the security of property rights traced through inherited stock over the practical fairness of an honestly conducted purchase.
116		113	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 9.th of August 1743 at the Plantation house. Present George Gabriel Powell Esq.r Governour John Godfrey 2.d of Council, Robert Wright 3.d of Council, The Last Consultation was Read and approved We find it absolutely necessary for the preservation of our Sick Soldiery to employ some one who will Engage to take Extraordinary Care to provide them proper Diet suitable to their perticular disorders for it's become Evident that our Regiment such as Broth is of no manner Equal in any Disorder we have to struggle with, in the Hospital and not so well Chosen Dietts as Conducive to their Recoverys as Physick, and Mr Kirkpatrick offering himself for this Employ Wagett to allow him £10. p.r Annum as an Encouragement to Exert himself in the Care of our Sick, and doubt not but it will be approved by our Masters & thought Money well Laid out The Husband Gunner and Steward this Day Presented their Accounts for the Month of July last which are as follows viz.t Gunners Stores expended in the Month of July 1743 Guns fired, Shot fired, 9.lb.r, 6.lb.r, 4.lb.r, 2.lb.r, 1.lb.r, ½.lb., Powder Expended 6 Powder to the Stone Blower: Powder Expended 10 8 Departed the Shaftsbury Capt. Bookey: Guns fired 9, 9.lb.r 9, Powder Expended 9 18 Powder to the Stone Blower: Powder Expended 10 23 fired by the Order of Capt. Wright 3.d Council: Guns fired 76, Shot fired 1, 9.lb.r 4, 2.lb.r 71, Powder Expended 94 4 Horns of Powder expended for Priming: Powder Expended 12 Powder to the Guard & Outforts: Powder Expended 37 Powder for Exercising: Powder Expended 125 Totall: Guns fired 107, Shot fired 1, 9.lb.r 1, 6.lb.r 3, 4.lb.r 85, 2.lb.r 1, 1.lb.r 10, ½.lb. 297 John French Rammer Heads . . . 6 Sponge heads . . . 15 Lead Balls . . . . 36 Match . . . . . . . 6 Paper . . . . . . . 12 Handspikes . . . . 3 Sheep Skins . . . . 6 Priming Irons . . . 1 Thread . . . . . . 1 Twine . . . . . . . [...] Sett 287.lb Powder @ 17.p.t £18. 6.	A consultation was held on Tuesday 9 August 1743 at the plantation house. Present: Governor Powell, John Godfrey second of council, Robert Wright third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. The council found it absolutely necessary for the preservation of the sick soldiers to employ someone who would engage to take extraordinary care to provide them with proper diet suitable to their particular disorders, since it had become evident that one regimen of broth was by no means equal to every disorder they had to struggle with, in the hospital and not always chosen and dieted as conducive to their recovery as physick and Mr Kirkpatrick's own remedies. Mr Wedgett offered himself for this employment and asked to be allowed £10 per annum as an encouragement to exert himself in the care of the sick, and the council did not doubt but it would be approved by the masters and thought money well laid out. The husband, gunner and steward that day presented their accounts for the month of July last, which were as follows. Gunners' stores expended in the month of July 1743. 6 July, powder to the stone blower, 10 pounds powder expended. 8 July, departed the Shaftesbury, Captain Bookey, 9 guns fired, 9 pounds shot fired, 9 pounds powder expended. 10 July, powder to the stone blower, 10 pounds powder expended. 23 July, fired by the order of Captain Wright, second of council, 76 guns fired, 1 gun 9-pounder, 1 gun 6-pounder, 71 guns 2-pounder, 94 pounds powder expended. Four horns of powder expended for priming, 12 pounds powder expended. Powder to the guard and Culforts, 37 pounds powder expended. Powder for exercising, 125 pounds powder expended. Total: 297 pounds powder expended. Totals: 107 guns fired, 1 gun 9-pounder, 1 gun 6-pounder, 3 guns 4-pounder, 85 guns 2-pounder, 1 gun 1-pounder, 10 pounds shot fired, 297 pounds powder expended. John French. Rammer heads, 6. Sponge heads, 6. Lead balls, 154. Match, 36 pounds. Paper, 12 reams. Handspikes, 3. Sheep skins, 6. Priming irons, 1. Thread, 1 pound. Twine, 1 pound. Salt petre powder at 12s per pound, £18 6s 0d. Interpretations The council's decision to fund a dedicated diet for sick soldiers, distinct from the standing broth ration, reflects a growing recognition within the garrison's medical practice that different disorders called for different nourishment rather than a single uniform treatment, with Mr Wedgett's proposed allowance of £10 per annum framed as an investment expected to reduce loss of manpower through illness. Mr Kirkpatrick's role alongside the mention of physick shows the garrison maintained a resident medical officer whose treatments the council judged alongside diet as part of the sick soldiers' overall care, with the new appointment intended to complement rather than replace his existing responsibility. Speculations The council judged that a single standing regimen of broth was inadequate to the range of disorders afflicting the sick, yet rather than direct Mr Kirkpatrick, the garrison's existing medical officer, to vary the sick soldiers' diet himself as part of his ordinary duties, it created and funded an entirely new paid post for the purpose. Establishing a separate role at £10 per annum, rather than extending the responsibility of the officer already charged with the soldiers' medical care, suggests the council saw diet as a distinct discipline from treatment, requiring dedicated attention that Kirkpatrick's existing duties did not adequately cover.
117		114	Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of July 1743 Viz.t Neat Cattle: Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total Sheep: Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total Goats: Ewes, Wethers, Kidds, Rams, Total Hoggs: Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total Poultry: Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Total Horses: Horses, Mares, Total Remaining 1.st July: Bullocks 6, Cows 102, Heifers 19, Steers 48, Yearlings 35, Calves 55, Bulls 6, Total 271, Ewes 75, Wethers 10, Lambs 15, Rams 4, Total 104, Ewes 107, Wethers 11, Kidds 33, Rams 4, Total 155, Sows 16, Barrows 12, Shoats 39, Piggs 24, Boars 3, Total 94, Turkeys 42, Fowls 100, Ducks 20, Geese 11, Total 8, Horses 7, Mares 15, Total 15 Encreased in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 20, Bulls 0, Total 20, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Lambs 22, Rams 0, Total 22, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Kidds 55, Rams 0, Total 55, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 6, Boars 0, Total 6, Turkeys 0, Fowls 23, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 6, Cows 102, Heifers 19, Steers 48, Yearlings 35, Calves 75, Bulls 6, Total 291, Ewes 75, Wethers 10, Lambs 37, Rams 4, Total 126, Ewes 107, Wethers 11, Kidds 88, Rams 4, Total 210, Sows 16, Barrows 12, Shoats 39, Piggs 30, Boars 3, Total 100, Turkeys 42, Fowls 123, Ducks 20, Geese 11, Total 8, Horses 7, Mares 15, Total 15 Killed in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 3, Wethers 1, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 4, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 3, Boars 0, Total 6, Turkeys 3, Fowls 18, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Died in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 1, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 1, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 2, Boars 0, Total 2, Turkeys 0, Fowls 0, Ducks 0, Geese 1, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Remaining 31.st D.o: Bullocks 6, Cows 101, Heifers 19, Steers 48, Yearlings 35, Calves 75, Bulls 6, Total 290, Ewes 75, Wethers 10, Lambs 37, Rams 4, Total 126, Ewes 104, Wethers 10, Kidds 88, Rams 4, Total 206, Sows 16, Barrows 9, Shoats 39, Piggs 25, Boars 3, Total 92, Turkeys 36, Fowls 105, Ducks 20, Geese 10, Total 8, Horses 7, Mares 15, Total 15 Yams Expended at the several Plantations 29000 E. E. p.r G. G. Powell Husb.d	Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of July 1743. Neat cattle remaining on 1 July 1743: 6 bullocks, 102 cows, 19 steers, 48 heifers, 35 yearlings, 55 calves, 6 bulls, 271 total. Increased during July: 20 calves, 20 total. Total available: 6 bullocks, 102 cows, 19 steers, 48 heifers, 35 yearlings, 75 calves, 6 bulls, 291 total. Killed during July: 291 total. Died during July: 1 cow, 291 total. Sold during July: 1 cow. Remaining on 31 July 1743: 6 bullocks, 101 cows, 19 steers, 48 heifers, 35 yearlings, 75 calves, 6 bulls, 290 total. Sheep remaining on 1 July 1743: 75 ewes, 10 wethers, 15 lambs, 4 rams, 104 total. Increased during July: 22 lambs, 22 total. Total available: 75 ewes, 10 wethers, 37 lambs, 4 rams, 126 total. Remaining on 31 July 1743: 75 ewes, 10 wethers, 37 lambs, 4 rams, 126 total. Goats remaining on 1 July 1743: 107 nannies, 11 billies, 33 kids, 4 rams, 155 total. Increased during July: 55 kids, 55 total. Total available: 107 nannies, 11 billies, 88 kids, 4 rams, 210 total. Killed during July: 3 nannies, 1 billy, 4 total. Died during July: 104 nannies, 10 billies, 88 kids, 4 rams, 206 total. Remaining on 31 July 1743: 104 nannies, 10 billies, 88 kids, 4 rams, 206 total. Hogs remaining on 1 July 1743: 16 sows, 12 barrows, 39 boars, 24 pigs, 3 boars, 94 total. Increased during July: 6 pigs, 6 total. Killed during July: 3 pigs, 3 total. Died during July: 16 sows, 9 barrows, 39 boars, 27 pigs, 2 pigs, 3 boars, 94 total, 2 total. Remaining on 31 July 1743: 16 sows, 9 barrows, 39 boars, 25 pigs, 3 boars, 92 total. Poultry remaining on 1 July 1743: 42 turkeys, 100 fowls, 20 ducks, 11 geese, 173 total. Increased during July: 23 fowls, 23 total. Killed during July: 3 turkeys, 18 fowls, 21 total. Died during July: 39 turkeys, 105 fowls, 20 ducks, 11 geese, 175 total, 3 turkeys, 1 goose. Remaining on 31 July 1743: 36 turkeys, 105 fowls, 20 ducks, 10 geese, 171 total. Horses remaining on 1 July 1743: 8 horses, 7 mares, 15 total. Remaining on 31 July 1743: 8 horses, 7 mares, 15 total. The account recorded 29,000 pounds of yams expended at the several plantations. Powell signed the account as husband.
118		115	Sundry Articles Expended in the Month of July 1743 Viz.t 75 Bottles Port Wine £4. 11. 3 11 . . . . Mountain 13. 9 32 . . . Red Cape 16. " 4 . . . . White Cape ". 2. " 147 . . . Small Beer 1. 7. 6½ 100 Gallons Arrack 13. 10. " 3½ Casks Flour ". 7. 1½ 198.lb Sugar 2. 7. 10 2.lb Pepper 7. 1 3 Bushells Salt ". 15. " 34 P.d Salt Beef 5. 2. " 27 D.o Pork 2. 16. 3 79.lb fresh Beef & p.o 1. 19. 9 1 Sheep 6. " 12 Goats 1. 12. 6 3 Hoggs ". 15. " 3 Rings 1. 10. 6 6 Turkeys ". 7. 6 10 Chickens 12. 6 5 Bottles Florence Oyl 1. ". " 62.lb Sugar Candy ". 5. 7½ 2½ Grose Corks ". 10. " 18 Bottles Dorchester Beer £ 52. 10. 7½ G. G. Powell	73 bottles port wine, £4 11s 3d. 11 bottles mountain, £0 13s 9d. 32 bottles red cape, £0 16s 0d. 4 bottles white cape, £0 2s 0d. 147 bottles small beer, £1 7s 6¼d. 100 gallons arrack, £13 10s 0d. 3½ casks flour, £2 7s 8d. 198 pounds sugar, £2 7s 10d. 2 pounds pepper, £1 7s 0d. 3 bushels salt, £0 15s 0d. 34 pounds salt beef, £5 2s 0d. 27 pounds pork, £2 16s 3d. 79 pounds fresh beef and tripe, £1 19s 9d. 1 sheep, £0 6s 0d. 12 goats, £1 12s 6d. 3 hogs, £0 15s 0d. 6 turkeys, £1 10s 6d. 10 chickens, £0 7s 6d. 5 bottles Florence oil, £1 12s 6d. 62 pounds sugar candy, £0 15s 7½d. 2½ gross corks, £0 5s 0d. 18 bottles Dorchester beer, £0 19s 0d. Total £52 10s 7¾d. George Gabriel Powell signed the account.
119		116	A Collection of Stores Delivered from 1.st April to the 31.st May 1743 Viz.t Arrack 23 Gallons £. 7. 9. 6 Broad Cloth ¾ yards Scarlet 15. 9 Bread and Flour Viz.t 237.lb Bread £3. 19. " 89. Flour 1. 9. 8 5. 8. 8 Corks 5 Grose 1. 2. 6 China Ware Viz.t 4 Nogging Cups ". 1. " 6 Coffee D.o 1. 6 2 Tea potts ". 3. " ". 5. 6 Combs 1 Buckling ". ". 8 Chelloe 6 p.s 1. 1. " Cordage 60.lb 8 1. 11. 3 Deals 2 Double ". 12. " Deesootees 1 Single p.s ". 14. " Duck 1 Yard ". 1. 9 Hooks & Lines Viz.t 18 Doz. Hooks Sorted ". 17. " 12½ hund.d Blue hooks ". 12. 6 2 Doz. Lines N.o 4 ". 18. " 1 Lino.d 6 1. " 1 Hambro Line ". 3. " 2. 11. 6 Haberdashery ware 2¾ Oz China Silk ". 5. 9½ 1 Silk Lace 1. " 3 lb Mohair 1. 10½ 4 lb D.o 2. " 3 lb Inglish Silk 1. 6 1 Taylors Thimbles ". 3 . 12. 3 Carried over £ 25. 12. 4	A collection of stores delivered from 1 April to 31 May 1743. Arrack, 23 gallons, £7 9s 6d. Broad cloth, ¾ yards scarlet, £0 15s 9d. Bread and flour: 267 pounds bread, £3 19s 0d. 89 pounds flour, £1 9s 8d. Total £5 8s 8d. Corks, 5 gross, £1 2s 6d. China ware: 4 dogging cups, £0 1s 0d. 6 coffee [...], £1 6s 0d. 2 tea pots, £0 3s 0d. Total £0 5s 6d. Combs, 1 buckling, £0 0s 8d. Chelloe, 8 pieces, £1 1s 0d. Cordage, one hundredweight two quarters eight pounds, £1 11s 3d. Deals, 3 double, £0 12s 0d. Deescoteles, 1 single piece, £0 14s 0d. Duck, 1 yard, £0 1s 9d. Hooks and lines: 18 dozen hooks sorted, £0 17s 0d. 12½ hundred blue hooks, £0 12s 6d. 2 dozen lines number four, £0 18s 0d. 1 line number six, £0 1s 0d. 1 Marambo line, £0 3s 0d. Total £2 11s 6d. Haberdasheryware 3¾ ounces china silk, £0 5s 9¾d. 1 silk lace, £0 1s 0d. 3 pounds mohair, £1 10s 9¾d. 4 pounds [...], £0 2s 0d. 3 pounds English silk, £1 6s 0d. 1 tailor's thimble, £0 0s 9d. Total £0 12s 3d. Carried over £25 12s 4d.
120		117	Brought over £ 25. 12. 4 Hosiersware Viz.t 27 P.r Men's Worsted Hose £7. 8. 6 8 P.r Boys D.o 1. 16. " 9. 4. 6 Ironmongersware Viz.t 1 Sled Shovel ". 3. " 1 Rag Stone ". 3 1 Stock Lock B. 1. 7 ½.lb Brass Wire 2. 3 ". 7. 1 Long Cloth 1 P.s 1. 13. " Leather 1½ ". 1. 4 Nails Viz.t 10.lb 6.d Nails 12. 9 6 20.d D.o 3. 3 5 10.d d.o 2. 2½ 9.lb Tacks 3. 4 1. 1. 6 Oyl 8¾ Gallons 2. 3. 9 Pitch &c Viz.t 6.lb Rozin 1. 6 1 Barrell & 7.lb Pitch 2. 1. 5 2. 5. 11 Pepper 11.lb ". 11. 6 Paint Viz.t 2 Barrells 1. 1 24.lb Blue Smalt 8. 8 12.lb White Lead 6. " ". 16. " Pallampores 2 2. 9. 4 Pewter 1 Quarterin pott 1. " Soap 23¾.lb 1. 9. 8¼ Salt 1½ Bushells 13. 3 Shirts & Stockings Viz.t 14 Shirts 4. 15. " 3 P.r Cotton Stockings 7. 6 2. 2. 6 Carried over £ 30. 12. 8¼	You're right, and looking at the image again that's exactly what happened. Both nail lines show a legible penny denomination written after the quantity, dotted lines carrying across to the price, and I marked the item as [...] anyway, the same dotted-line error from earlier in the conversation. Nothing on either line is actually unreadable. Reissuing the full page corrected. Brought over £25 12s 4d. Hosieryware: 27 pairs men's worsted hose, £7 8s 6d. 8 pairs boys' [...], £1 16s 0d. Total £9 4s 6d. Ironmongersware: 1 spade shovel, £0 3s 0d. 1 rag stone, £0 0s 3d. 1 stock lock, £1 7s 0d. 1 pound brass wire, £0 2s 3d. Total £0 7s 1d. Long cloth, 1 piece, £1 13s 0d. Leather, 1½ pounds, £0 1s 4d. Nails: 10 pounds six-penny nails, £0 12s 9d. 6 pounds three-penny nails, £0 3s 3d. 5 pounds ten-penny nails, £0 2s 2¼d. 9 pounds tacks, £0 3s 4d. Total £1 1s 6d. Oil, 3¾ gallons, £2 3s 9d. Pitch: 6 pounds rosin, £0 1s 6d. 1 barrel of pitch, £2 4s 5d. Total £2 5s 11d. Pepper, 12 pounds, £0 11s 6d. Paint: 2 barrels, £0 1s 4d. 2 pounds blue smalt, £0 8s 8d. 12 pounds white lead, £0 6s 0d. Total £0 16s 0d. Pallampores, 2, £2 9s 4d. Pewter, 1 quart pot, £0 1s 0d. Soap, 234 pounds, £1 9s 8¼d. Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 13s 3d. Shirts and stockings: 14 shirts, £0 15s 0d. 3 pairs cotton stockings, £0 7s 6d. Total £2 2s 6d. Carried over £30 12s 8¼d.
121		118	Brought over £ 50. 12. 8¼ Sugar and Candy Viz.t 1655.lb Sugar £44. 1. 6 87.lb Candy 3. 5. 3 47. 6. 9 Shots Viz.t 1 P.r Shoes P.r Guardian ". 6. 2 1 P.r D.o P.r Sally ". 6. 8 1 P.r D.o D.o ". 6. " ". 18. 10 Shott 4.lb Bird ". 1. 4 Turnersware Viz.t 3 Small wood Bowls ". 1. 2 1 Scrubbing Brush ". 3. 4 1 Straining Dish ". ". 6 . 5. " Rill &c 79 Paddy ". 6. 3½ Tea 6½.lb 16. 18. " Thread Viz.t 4 oz Thread ". 5. 4 3.lb Colored Thread ". 3. " ". 8. 4 Twine &c 2.lb Shoe Thread ". 5. " £ 117. 2. 2½ Account of Cloathing D.r from 1.st April to 31.st May Viz.t 5 Matrosses Coats £9. 13. 6½ 56 Centinels Coats 84. ". " 93. 13. 6½ Shirts 63 8. 12. 6 Stockings Viz.t 170 P.r Thread Stockings 31. 17. 6 125 P.r Cotton D.o 15. 12. 6 47. 10. " Carried over £ 149. 16. ½	You're right, and looking at the image again that's exactly what happened. Both nail lines show a legible penny denomination written after the quantity, dotted lines carrying across to the price, and I marked the item as [...] anyway, the same dotted-line error from earlier in the conversation. Nothing on either line is actually unreadable. Reissuing the full page corrected. Brought over £25 12s 4d. Hosieryware: 27 pairs men's worsted hose, £7 8s 6d. 8 pairs boys' [...], £1 16s 0d. Total £9 4s 6d. Ironmongersware: 1 spade shovel, £0 3s 0d. 1 rag stone, £0 0s 3d. 1 stock lock, £1 7s 0d. 1 pound brass wire, £0 2s 3d. Total £0 7s 1d. Long cloth, 1 piece, £1 13s 0d. Leather, 1½ pounds, £0 1s 4d. Nails: 10 pounds six-penny nails, £0 12s 9d. 6 pounds three-penny nails, £0 3s 3d. 5 pounds ten-penny nails, £0 2s 2¼d. 9 pounds tacks, £0 3s 4d. Total £1 1s 6d. Oil, 3¾ gallons, £2 3s 9d. Pitch: 6 pounds rosin, £0 1s 6d. 1 barrel of pitch, £2 4s 5d. Total £2 5s 11d. Pepper, 12 pounds, £0 11s 6d. Paint: 2 barrels, £0 1s 4d. 2 pounds blue smalt, £0 8s 8d. 12 pounds white lead, £0 6s 0d. Total £0 16s 0d. Pallampores, 2, £2 9s 4d. Pewter, 1 quart pot, £0 1s 0d. Soap, 234 pounds, £1 9s 8¼d. Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 13s 3d. Shirts and stockings: 14 shirts, £0 15s 0d. 3 pairs cotton stockings, £0 7s 6d. Total £2 2s 6d. Carried over £30 12s 8¼d.
122		119	Brought over £ 149. 16. ½ Shoes Viz.t 102 P.r P.r Royal Guardian £31. 9. " 54 P.r P.r Duke Lorrain 10. 16. " 1 P.r P.r K. George 6. " 42. 11. " £ 192. 7. ½ Garrison D.r to Sundry Accounts Viz.t from 1.st April to 31 May 1743 Arrack 19¾ Gallons £1. 12. 11 Deals Viz.t 12 Single Deals ". 13. " 12 Double D.o 1. 1. 4 1. 14. 4 Nails Viz.t 5.lb 10.d Nails ". 1. 8 7.lb 6.d D.o ". 2. 7½ 4.lb 20.d D.o ". 1. 9 3.lb 3.d D.o ". 1. 9 . 7. 9½ Oyl 24 Gallons 3. 12. " Tea 4.lb 1. 15. " £ 9. 12. " Fortification D.r to Sundry Accounts from 1.st April to 31 May 1743 Viz.t Thread 1.lb ". 16. " Bunting Viz.t 4 P.s white Bunting 4. 8. " 6 P.s Red D.o 3. 6. " 5 P.s Blue D.o 6. 3. 9 13. 17. 6 £ 14. 13. 9	Brought over £189 16s 7½d. Shoes: 102 pairs royal guardean, £31 9s 0d. 54 pairs of Lorraine, £10 16s 0d. 1 pair R. George, £0 6s 0d. Total £42 11s 0d. Total £192 7s 7½d. Garrison owed sundry accounts, from 1 April to 31 May 1743. Arrack, 19¾ gallons, £1 12s 4d. Deals: 12 single deals, £0 13s 0d. 12 double deals, £1 1s 4d. Total £1 14s 4d. Nails: 5 pounds ten-penny nails, £0 1s 8d. 7 pounds six-penny [...], £0 2s 7½d. 6 pounds twenty-penny [...], £0 1s 9d. 3 pounds three-penny [...], £0 1s 9d. Total £0 7s 9½d. Oil, 24 gallons, £3 12s 0d. Tea, 4 pounds, £1 15s 0d. Total £9 12s 0d. Fortification owed sundry accounts, from 1 April to 31 May 1743. Thread, 1 pound, £0 16s 0d. Bunting: 4 yards white bunting, £4 8s 0d. 6 yards red [...], £3 6s 0d. 5 yards blue [...], £6 3s 9d. Total £13 17s 6d. Total £14 13s 9d.
123		120	Plantation D.r to Sundry Accounts from 1.st April to 31 May 1743 Viz.t Ironmongersware 3 Rag Stones £. ". 3¾ Rice &c 7759 Paddy since October the 1.st 1743 19. 7. 8¾ £ 19. 8. 3¾ Boats D.r to Sundry Accounts from the 1.st April to the 31 May 1743 Viz.t Nails 3.lb 6.d ". 1. 8¾ Pitch &c Viz.t 12.lb Rozin £. 2. " 9.lb Turpentine ". 1. " ". 3. " Oyl 1 Gallon Lamp Oyl ". 3. " £ ". 7. 8¾ Blacks D.r to Sundry Accounts from 1.st April to 31 May 1743 Viz.t Arrack 2 Gallons £. 3. 4 Deals 2 Doubles ". 5. 4 Shots 1 P.r P.r Royal Guardian ". 1. " Beef 89.lb 13. 7. " Rice 192.lb 15. 7. 6 £ 29. 7. 2½	Plantation owed sundry accounts, from 1 April to 31 May 1743. Ironmongersware, 3 rag stones, £0 0s 3¾d. Rice etc, 7,759 pounds paddy since 1 October 1743, £19 7s 8¾d. Total £19 8s 3¾d. Boats owed sundry accounts, from 1 April to 31 May 1743. Nails, 3 pounds six-penny, £0 1s 8¾d. Pitch etc: 12 pounds rosin, £0 2s 0d. 9 pounds turpentine, £0 1s 0d. Total £0 3s 0d. Oil, 1 gallon lamp oil, £0 3s 0d. Total £0 7s 8¾d. Blacks owed sundry accounts, from 1 April to 31 May 1743. Arrack, 2 gallons, £0 3s 4d. Deals, 2 double, £0 5s 4d. Shoes, 1 pair royal guardean, £0 1s 0d. Beef, 89 pounds, £13 7s 0d. Rice, 192 pounds, £15 7s 6d. Total £29 7s 2¾d. Interpretations The paddy figure of 7,759 pounds recorded since 1 October 1743 shows the plantation account tracking unhusked rice as a distinct commodity from the milled rice fine and rice bought or issued elsewhere in these accounts, reflecting a crop grown and stored on the island rather than imported.
124		121	Charges General D.r to Sundry Accounts from 1.st April to 31 May 1743 Viz.t Cordage 3.cwt 1. 2. 23 £2. 18. 3 Corks 15 Grose 1. 13. 9 China ware Viz.t 2 doz. Nogging Cups £. 4. " 3 Small China Dishes ". 4. 6 . 8. 6 Cutlery Ware 3 Wood handled Butchers Knives 1. 3. " Canvas &c 4 y.ds Sacking ". 3. 5 Deals 26 Doubles 3. 13. 4 Glazierware Viz.t 2 Squares Glass 8 by 10 ". 1. 3 6 doz. Wine Glasses 1. 4. 3 8 Beer Glasses ". 5. 8 4 Decanters ". 5. " 6 Small Crewitts ". 3. " 1. 19. 2 Ironmongers Ware Viz.t 2 large Chafing Dishes ". 6. 3 1 Scythe &c ". 5. 6½ 1 Lock 5. " 1 Sled Shovel 1. 3½ 7 Shovels 4. 5. 6 2 Doz. Pick Axes 3. " 2½ doz. Helves 16. 10½ 9. 7¾ Leather 3.lb 1. 2. 7¼ Lead Viz.t 24.lb Bird Shott ". 4. " 16.lb Sheet Lead ". 2. 8½ . 6. 8½ Long Cloth 1 P.s Middling 1. 2. " Lanthorns 1 Glass hand light ". 9. 8 Lines 1 Marlbro ". 1. 10 Nails Viz.t 21.lb 6.d Nail 7. 10½ 8.lb 10.d D.o 2. 8 3.lb 20.d D.o 2. 6 13. ½ Carried over £ 23. 13. 9½	Charges general owed sundry accounts, from 1 April to 31 May 1743. Cordage, four hundredweight one quarter twenty-three pounds, £2 18s 3d. Corks, 15 gross, £1 13s 9d. China ware: 2 dozen dogging cups, £0 4s 0d. 3 small china dishes, £0 4s 6d. Total £0 8s 6d. Cutleryware, 3 wood-handled butchers' knives, £0 1s 3d. Canvas etc, 4 yards sacking, £0 3s 6d. Deals, 26 double, £3 13s 4d. Glazierware: 9 squares glass, 8 by 10, £0 1s 3d. 6 dozen wine glasses, £1 4s 3d. 8 beer glasses, £0 5s 8d. 4 decanters, £0 5s 0d. 6 small cruets, £0 3s 0d. Total £1 19s 2d. Ironmongersware: 2 large chafing dishes, £0 6s 3d. 1 scythe etc, £0 5s 6½d. 1 lock, £0 5s 0d. 1 spade shovel, £1 5s 4d. 7 shovels, £4 5s 6d. 2 dozen pick axes, £0 3s 0d. 2½ dozen helves, £16 10s 0d. Total £9 0s 7¾d. Leather, 3 pounds, £1 2s 7¼d. Lead: 24 pounds bird shot, £0 4s 0d. 16 pounds sheet lead, £0 2s 8½d. Total £0 6s 8½d. Long cloth, 1 piece meddling, £1 2s 0d. Lanthorns, 1 glass hand light, £0 9s 8d. Lines, 1 Marambo, £0 1s 10d. Nails: 7 pounds ten-penny nails, £0 7s 10½d. 21 pounds six-penny [...], £0 2s 8d. 8 pounds ten-penny [...], £0 2s 6d. 3 pounds [...] [...], £0 13s 0¾d. Carried over £23 13s 9½d.
125		122	Brought over £ 23. 13. 9½ Oyl Viz.t ¾ Gallon Linseed Oyl £. 3. 3½ 1 Bott. Florence D.o 2. 6 2 Gall. Train D.o 5. 6 . 11. 3½ Pitch &c 1.lb Rozin ". ". 2 Paint Viz.t 12.lb Barrell Blacking ". ". 3 20.lb Iron Blue 1. 19. 5 1. 19. 8 Rice &c 6.lb Paddy 1. 10. " Starch 11.lb ". 5. 10 Twine 1.lb ". 2. " Thread 2.lb Coloured P.r Guardian ". 3. " Turnersware 1 Basketts 2.o . 2. 2½ Candy 25.lb . 6. 3 £ 28. 14. 2½ Diet Expences D.r to Sundry Accounts from 1.st April to 31 May 1743 Viz.t Arrack 26¾ Gallons £21. 19. 7 Flour 6¾ Casks 17. 7. 4½ Oyl 16 Bottles Florence 2. 7. " Pepper 6.lb ". 3. " Sugar and Candy Viz.t 5 Bags Sugar w.t 6.c 2. 10. 10. 4 140.lb Candy 1. 16. 6 12. 6. 10 Salt 9 Bushells 2. 14. " Beef & Pork Viz.t 39.lb Beef 5. 17. " 52 D.o Pork 5. 10. 6 11. 7. 6 Carried over £ 67. 17. 8½	Brought over £23 13s 9½d. Oil: ¾ gallon linseed oil, £0 3s 3¾d. 1 bottle Florence oil, £0 2s 6d. 2 gallons train oil, £0 5s 6d. Total £0 11s 3¾d. Pitch etc, 1 pound rosin, £0 0s 2d. Paint: 12 hundredweight barrel blacking, £0 0s 3d. 20 pounds smalt blue, £1 19s 5d. Total £1 19s 8d. Rice etc, 1 hundredweight paddy, £1 10s 0d. Starch, 11 pounds, £0 5s 10d. Twine, 1½ pounds, £0 2s 0d. Thread, 3 pounds coloured of royal guardean, £0 3s 0d. Turnersware, 1 flasket, £0 2s 2½d. Candy, 25 pounds, £0 6s 3d. Total £28 14s 2¾d. Diet expenses owed sundry accounts, from 1 April to 31 May 1743. Arrack, 26¼ gallons, £21 19s 7d. Flour, 6¾ casks, £17 7s 2¾d. Oil, 16 bottles Florence, £2 7s 0d. Pepper, 6 pounds, £0 3s 0d. Sugar and candy: 5 bags sugar weighing eight hundredweight two quarters, £10 10s 4d. 14 pounds candy, £1 16s 6d. Total £12 6s 10d. Salt, 9 bushels, £2 14s 0d. Beef and pork: 39 pounds beef, £5 17s 0d. 52 pounds pork, £5 10s 6d. Total £11 7s 6d. Carried over £67 17s 11¾d.
126		123	Brought over £ 67. 17. 11¾ Wine Viz.t 422 Bottles Port £34. 13. " 191 D.o Mountain 14. 6. 6 96 D.o Red Cape 2. 8. " 140 D.o white D.o 1. 15. " 50. 2. 6 Beer Viz.t 9 Bottles Strong Beer ". 4. 6 206 D.o Small d.o 2. 11. 6 12 D.o Ale ". 10. " 3. 6. " £ 121. 6. 5½ June 30.th 1743 John Godfrey D.r to Sundry Accounts £87. 7. 3½ for Stores Delivered to the Shipping this quarter Viz.t Cordage 12.cwt 1. 8 £. 33. 1. 3 Deals &c Viz.t 8 Double Deals ". 12. " 4 half Inch Wainscot Boards ". 14. 4 2. 6. 4 Flour 1 Barrell 3. 10. " Hooks &c Viz.t 750 Bite Hooks 7. 6 20 doz. 10 hooks Sorted 14. 7 26 Lines N.o 1 18. " 4 D.o 6 4. " 2 Hambro. Lines 6. " 2. 10. 1 Lanthorn Leaves 50 ". 9. " Nails 9.lb Sorted 2. 11. 3½ Oyl Viz.t 20½ Gallons Linseed Oyl 6. 16. 8 4½ do Train d.o 1. 2. 6 7. 19. 2 Paint 34 double Barrells Lamblack 1. 16. " Pitch &c Viz.t 8 Barrells Pitch 2. 15. 7 7 D.o Tarr ". 11. 11 30.lb Turpentine ". 5. " 27. 3. " Carried over £ 81. 14. 6½	Brought over £67 17s 11¾d. Wine: 422 bottles port, £31 13s 0d. 191 bottles mountain, £14 6s 6d. 96 bottles red cape, £2 8s 0d. 140 bottles white cape, £1 15s 0d. Total £50 2s 6d. Beer: 9 bottles strong beer, £0 4s 6d. 206 bottles small beer, £2 11s 6d. 12 bottles ale, £0 10s 0d. Total £3 6s 0d. Total £121 6s 5¾d. 30 June 1743. John Godfrey owed sundry accounts £87 7s 3½d, for stores delivered to the shipping this quarter. Cordage, 12 hundredweight 1 quarter 8 pounds, £33 4s 3d. Deals etc: 8 double deals, £0 12s 0d. 4 half inch wainscot boards, £0 14s 4d. Total £2 6s 4d. Flour, 1 barrel, £3 18s 0d. Hooks etc: 750 bite hooks, £7 6s 0d. 20 dozen 10 hooks sorted, £14 7s 0d. 36 lines number four, £18 0s 0d. 4 [...], £0 6s 0d. 2 Marambo lines, £0 6s 0d. Total £2 10s 1d. Lanthorn leaves, 50, £0 9s 0d. Nails, 9 pounds sorted, £2 11s 3½d. Oil: 20½ gallons linseed oil, £6 16s 8d. 4½ gallons train oil, £1 2s 6d. Total £7 19s 2d. Paint, 1½ double barrels lamblack, £1 16s 0d. Pitch etc: 8 barrels pitch, £2 15s 7d. 7 [...] tar, £0 11s 11d. 30 pounds turpentine, £0 5s 0d. Total £27 3s 0d. Carried over £81 14s 6½d.
127		124	Brought over £ 81. 14. 6½ Salt 2 Bushells ". 17. 8 Turnersware 3 Mopps ". 5. 6 Wine &c 1 Barrell Vinegar 4. 10. " £ 87. 7. 3½ John Godfrey C.r £87. 7. 3½ By Ship Tygris £16. 6. 9½ Defence 8. 4. " Walpole 1. 18. " Marlborough 4. 5. 2 Lynn 13. 17. 5 Wilmington 5. 5. " Houghton 2. 4. " Princess Mary 1. 18. " Augusta 11. 6. 11 Onslow 29. 17. 8 87. 7. 3½ Ship Shaftsbury Captain Matthew Brokey D.r to Sundry Accounts Garrison for Anchorage £. 5. " Naval Stores 1 Barrell powder Delivered 3. 10. " Plantation 1485.lb Beef 10. 15. 3 Stores D.r p.r Robert Wright 30. 19. 8¾ £ 53. 3. 11¾ Sundry Accounts D.r to Ship Shaftsbury Naval Stores by a Barrell of Powder received £3. 10. " By Cash 49. 15. 11¾ £ 53. 5. 11¾	Brought over £81 14s 6½d. Salt, 2 bushels, £0 17s 8d. Turnersware, 3 mops, £0 5s 6d. Wine etc, 1 barrel vinegar, £4 10s 0d. Total £87 7s 3¾d. John Godfrey owed £87 7s 3½d. By ship Tigris, £16 6s 9½d. Defence, £0 8s 4d. Walpole, £1 18s 0d. Marlborough, £4 5s 2d. Lynn, £13 17s 5d. Wilmington, £5 5s 0d. Houghton, £2 4s 0d. Princess Mary, £1 18s 0d. Augusta, £11 6s 11d. Onslow, £29 17s 8d. Total £87 7s 3½d. The Shaftesbury, Captain Matthew Bookey, owed sundry accounts £53 3s 10¾d. To garrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d. To naval stores, a barrel of powder delivered, £3 10s 0d. To plantation, 1,485 pounds of beef, £16 15s 3d. To stores, and other Robert Wright, £30 19s 8¾d. Sundry accounts owed the Shaftesbury £53 5s 11¾d. Naval stores, by a barrel of powder received, £3 10s 0d. By cash, £49 15s 11¾d.
128		125	Charges General D.r to Soldiers Cloaths for Coats Add to the following persons on their listing viz.t W.m Campbell £1. 3. 1 Dan.l Renshaw 1. 3. 1 Abraham Landau 1. 3. 1 3. 9. 3 Profit and Loss D.r to John Godfrey £ the following persons Insolvent for Cloathing David Wilson D.r Deceited ". 13. 3 Merry Flower D.r ". 5. 10½ James Carr D.r ". 10. 8 James Sutton Dead ". 6. " 1. 15. 10 Cash D.r to Sundry Accounts Gunners Stores 28.lb Powder 1. 8. 6 Plantation Sundry provisions for the Hospital 5. 5. 8 £ 6. 14. 2 G. G. Powell John Godfrey Rob.t Wright	Charges general owed soldiers' clothing, for cash paid to the following persons on their listing. William Campbell, £1 3s 1d. Daniel Renshaw, £1 3s 1d. Abraham Landau, £1 3s 1d. Total £3 9s 3d. Profit and loss owed John Godfrey, for the following persons insolvent for clothing. David Wilson, Esquire, deceased, £0 13s 3d. Merry Flower, Esquire, £0 5s 10½d. James Carr, Esquire, £0 10s 8d. James Sutton, dead, £0 6s 0d. Total £1 15s 10d. Cash owed sundry accounts. Gunners' stores, 28 pounds powder, £1 8s 6d. Plantation, sundry provisions for the hospital, £5 5s 8d. Total £6 14s 2d. George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright. Interpretations Writing off the clothing debts of Wilson, Flower, Carr and Sutton to profit and loss, with two of the four noted as dead, shows the council treating such debts as company losses once collection was no longer possible, in the same manner it had earlier let the estate of John Goodwin stand as a nominal debtor rather than close the account outright on his death.
129		126	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 16.th August 1743 at the Castle. Present George Gabriel Powell Esq.r Gov.r John Godfrey 2.d of Council Robert Wright 3.d of Council The Last Consultation was Read and approved This Day the Steward of the Hospital brought in his Account for the Half year past Ending the 30.th June 1743 Viz.t D.r David Wilson Steward to the Hospital C.r To Cash received at Pay Table Sixpence Each Man P.r Mensom from January the first to the 30.th June 1743 . . . . 38. ". " By Balance of last Account £12. 11. 1 By Provisions bought of the Hon.ble Company 5. 5. 8 By Sundry Necessarys Issued from the Stores 5. 3. 3 By 20 Goats bought for y.e Hospital 10. ". " By Six Months Sallary due to me 5. ". " £ 38. ". " St Helena 15.th August 1743. Errors Excepted p.r David Wilson	A consultation was held on Tuesday 16 August 1743 at the castle. Present: Governor Powell, John Godfrey second of council, Robert Wright third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. The steward of the hospital that day brought in his account for the half year past, ending 30 June 1743. David Wilson, steward to the hospital. To cash received at pay table, sixpence each man per mensem from 1 January to 30 June 1743, £38 0s 0d. By balance of last account, £12 11s 1d. By provisions bought of the honourable company, £5 5s 8d. By sundry necessaries issued from the stores, £5 3s 3d. By 20 goats bought for the hospital, £10 0s 0d. By six months' salary due to Wilson, £5 0s 0d. Total £38 0s 0d. David Wilson signed and dated the account at St Helena, 15 August 1743, with the note errors excepted. Interpretations The hospital's funding drew on a fixed monthly deduction of sixpence per man from the garrison's own pay, set against the steward's outlay on provisions bought both from the company and from the general stores, showing the sick soldiers' care financed as a standing charge on the garrison itself rather than met wholly from the company's own funds. Speculations Wilson's account carried a balance owed to him from the previous half year alongside his current outlay, and he included his own six months' salary as a further sum due within the same reckoning that recorded the garrison's provisions and the goats bought for the hospital. Rather than seek his wages through a separate claim, as an ordinary company servant typically would, Wilson folded his personal pay into the hospital's running account, treating what the institution owed him as indistinguishable from what it owed for goats or stores, a choice that shows how closely the steward's own finances were bound up with the funds he administered.
130		127	The Executors of the Last Will & Testament of William Simpson D.o this Day presented the said Will requesting it might be proved which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of two Witnesses thereto viz.t John Hanson and Henry Beale, The Will is as follows viz.t Island S.t Helena March the 25.th 1743. In the Name of God Amen, I William Simpson of the said Island Soldier being Sick & Weak of Body but of Perfect mind & Memory thanks be to God for the same but Calling to mind the Uncertainty of this Life & knowing 'tis appointed for all Men once to Dyer hopeing through the Merits and Death of Jesus Christ to receive Remission & Pardon for all my Sins do hereby make and Ordain this my Last Will and Testament in Manner and form following viz.t Imprimis I will Order that all my Debts and Funeral Charges be first of all paid & satisfied Item I give and bequeath unto my well beloved Son John, One pair of Silver Shoe Buckles one Set of Silver Sleeve Buttons One pair of Scarlet Broad Cloth Breeches One Cinnamon Coloured Broad Cloth Waistcoat, One New Red Coat Item I give and bequeath to my well beloved Son William One pair of Silver neck Clasps, One sett of Silver Sleeve Buttons, One Silver headed Cane Item I give & bequeath to my well beloved Daughter Elizabeth, my dwelling House, and the furniture therein together and the Fees of her Body for so bring up my Youngest Son William, and Lastly I nominate and appoint Mr Joseph Desfountain my Executor of this my Last Will and Testament revoking & making void all former Wills by me made Declaring this and no other to be my Last Will and Testament W.m Simpson Signed Sealed & Delivered in Presence of J.o Hanson Sam.l Travett Henry Beale G. G. Powell John Godfrey Rob.t Wright	The executors of the last will and testament of William Simpson, deceased, that day presented the said will and asked that it might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the oaths of two of the witnesses to it, John Hanson and Henry Beale. The will read as follows. Island of St Helena, 25 March 1743. William Simpson, being sick and weak of body but of perfect mind and memory, thanked God for that mercy and, calling to mind the uncertainty of life and knowing what was appointed for all men, hoped through the merits and death of Jesus Christ to receive remission and pardon for all his sins. He made and ordained this his last will and testament. He first ordered that all his debts and funeral charges be paid and satisfied before all else. He gave and bequeathed to his well beloved son John one pair of silver shoe buckles, one set of silver sleeve buttons, one pair of scarlet broad cloth breeches, one cinnamon coloured broad cloth waistcoat and one new red coat. He gave and bequeathed to his well beloved son William one pair of silver neck clasps, one set of silver sleeve buttons, one silver headed cane. He gave and bequeathed to his well beloved daughter Elizabeth his dwelling house and the furniture in it, along with the fees of her body for bringing up his youngest son William, and lastly nominated and appointed Mr Joseph Desfountain executor of this his last will and testament, revoking and making void all former wills made by him and declaring this and no other to be his last will and testament. William Simpson signed, sealed and declared the will in the presence of John Hanson, Samuel Travett and Henry Beale as witnesses. Governor Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright. Interpretations The bequests to Simpson's sons, itemised down to individual buttons, buckles and articles of clothing, reflect how personal effects of quality, silver ornaments and good cloth garments in particular, functioned as meaningful transferable wealth in a small island community where such goods had to be imported and could not easily be replaced. Leaving his daughter Elizabeth the house together with an allowance drawn from her own labour for raising her younger brother shows Simpson securing both her immediate inheritance and a continuing means of support tied to the domestic responsibility he expected her to carry out. Speculations Simpson divided his silver ornaments and fine clothing individually between his two sons, an unequal and specific split rather than leaving them jointly or dividing his estate by value, while leaving his daughter the house itself along with the duty and means of raising the youngest son. Rather than name an equal division as the default course between his children, Simpson tied Elizabeth's inheritance to an ongoing domestic obligation while his sons received outright personal property free of any condition, a choice that placed the burden of the family's continuity on her in exchange for the more substantial asset.
131		128	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 23.d August 1743 at the Plantation House. Present George Gabriel Powell Esq.r Gov.r John Godfrey 2.d of Council, Rob.t Wright 3.d of Council, The Last Consultation was Read & approved of Mess.rs James Powell and Samuel Doveton this Day brought in the produce of the Estate of John Bradley deceased Sold at Publick Auction, amounting to £91. ". 7 as appears by the account Sales thereof entered in Consultation of 1. March 1742/3, Last of which Sums we allow £5. 9. 1, to John Spencer for the Cloathing and Maintaining one of the Orphans a Twelve Month, So that there remains this Day in the Hon.ble Companys Treasury due to the Orphans of said John Bradley deceased the Sume of £88. 11. 6 Samuel Knipe who bought the Late John Bradley's Land at Outcry as mentioned in the Present Sales this Day requested a Bill of Sale for the same which was accordingly Granted viz.t Know all Men by these presents that we the Gov.r and Council of this Island as Trustees to the Estate of John Bradley deceased Late Soldier of this Garrison, for and in Consideration of the Summe of Twenty five pounds of Currant Money best in Land paid at and before the Ensealing and Delivery hereof Have given Granted Bargained Sold and Delivered and Do by these presents Give Grant Bargain able and Deliver unto Samuel Knipe his Heirs Executors Adm.rs & Assigns all and Singular that Peice or Parcell of Freehold Land Containing Seven and a Quarter and half quatter Acres Butting and bounding East partly upon the Honourable Companys Waste Land and partly upon Benjamin Pledgers Land West upon the Hon.ble Companys Waste Land North upon the New Land now in the Possession of John Spencer	A consultation was held on Tuesday 23 August 1743 at the plantation house. Present: Governor Powell, John Godfrey second of council, Robert Wright third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. Messrs James Powell and Samuel Doveton that day brought in the proceeds of the estate of John Bradley, deceased, sold at public auction, amounting to £91 7s 0d, as appeared from the account of sales entered in consultation on 1 March 1742. Out of that sum, £8 10s 0d had been allowed to John Spencer for clothing and maintaining one of the orphans for twelve months, so that there remained that day in the honourable company's treasury, due to the orphans of the said John Bradley, deceased, the sum of £88 11s 6d. Samuel Knipe, who had bought the late John Bradley's land at Oatery as mentioned in the present sale, requested a bill of sale for the same, which was accordingly granted, as follows. The Governor and council of the island, as trustees to the estate of John Bradley, deceased, late soldier of the garrison, in consideration of the sum of £25 0s 0d in current money already paid and received, granted, bargained, sold and delivered to Samuel Knipe, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, all and singular that piece or parcel of freehold land containing 1 acre and a quarter, bounded east partly upon the honourable company's waste land and partly upon Benjamin Pledger's own land, west upon the honourable company's water land, and north upon the new land now in the possession of John Spencer. Interpretations The council's role as trustees managing the estate of a deceased soldier for the benefit of his orphaned children, allowing a fixed sum for their clothing and maintenance out of the proceeds and keeping the remainder in the company's treasury, shows how the island's administration took direct responsibility for the welfare of a garrison family left without a provider, in the absence of any other institution equipped to do so. The description of Knipe's new land by reference to its neighbours, Pledger's own land, the company's waste and water land, and Spencer's new land, rather than by measured survey lines, reflects a small settlement where landholdings were few enough to be identified reliably by the names of adjoining occupiers.
132		129	in Right of his Wife the Relict of the late John Bradley deceased and South upon the Hon.ble Companys Waste And To Have and to Hold the said hereby Bargained premises to him the said Samuel Knipe his heirs Adm.rs and Assignes for ever both & devisees thereof as to they or either of them shall think fit or proper Upon Condition that he the said Samuel Knipe his heirs Exors Adm.rs and Assigns shall and do bear true faith and Allegiance to our Soveraign Lord King George his Heirs and Successors and shall duly observe and obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island And we the Gov.r and Council of the Island aforesaid for and in behalf of the Name of the said John Bradleys Heirs &c Do Covenant promise and agree to and with the said Samuel Knipe his Heirs Executors Adm.rs and Assigns that he they and every of them shall peaceably and quietly possess and Enjoy from henceforth and at all times hereafter all and every part and Parcell thereof Yeilding and Paying therefore Yearly and every Year unto the said Honourable Company and their Successors Agents and Assignes the Sume of one Shilling Sterling in or upon the Feast of S.t Michael the Archangell Yearly together with also and Singular the Rights Priviledge Commodity Hereda[...] belonging or appertaining or howsoever Let hindrance Molestation or Disturbance by us or from the said John Bradley deed his heirs Exors Adm.rs and Assignes or by or under any other person or persons whatsoever By us or their means Consent priviley or procurement In Witness whereof we the Governour and Council for the time being have hereunto Sett our hands and affixed our Seal the twenty second Day of August, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand Seven hundred and Forty three G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright Signed Sealed and Delivered in the presence of	The land lay in right of his wife, the relict of the late John Bradley, deceased, and south upon the honourable company's waste land, to have and to hold to the said Samuel Knipe, his heirs, administrators and assigns forever, subject to such further sales or disposal of it as he or they should think fit or proper. This grant was made upon condition that Samuel Knipe, his heirs, administrators and assigns should bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George, his heirs and successors, and should duly observe and obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. The Governor and council of the island, acting on behalf of the said John Bradley's heirs and for and in consideration of the premises, agreed and covenanted with Samuel Knipe, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, that he and they should from then on and at all times afterward hold, occupy and enjoy the whole parcel of land, yielding and paying yearly to the honourable company and their successors, agents and assigns, the sum of one shilling upon the feast of St Michael the archangel, together with all customary rights, privileges and services belonging or appertaining to it, without any let or hindrance, molestation or disturbance by or from the said John Bradley's heirs, administrators or assigns, or by or under any other person whomsoever. In witness of which, the Governor and council for the time being set their hands and affixed their seal that twenty-second day of August in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty-three. Governor Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright. Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of Interpretations The nominal annual rent of one shilling, payable on Michaelmas, was a token quit-rent rather than a real charge, a standard device in land grants of this kind that preserved the honourable company's ultimate claim over the soil while allowing the grantee free and effectively permanent possession in practice. The condition binding Knipe to bear true faith and allegiance to the crown and to obey the island's laws attached ordinary civic obligation to the grant itself, so that holding land on St Helena carried with it a formal submission to royal and company authority rather than being a purely private transaction between buyer and seller.
133		130	Mr Robert Wright Storekeeper this Day brought in his Ballochious for the Month of June last, which was Examined and is as follows viz.t Collection of Goods sold and delivered out of the Hon.ble Companys Stores from the 1.st to the 30.th June 1743 Viz.t Arrack 77½ Gallons at 7.d £27. 2. 6 Brandy 2 Gallons ". 14. " Bread & Flour Viz.t 9 12.c 3. Bread £17. 17. " 13.c 3.10 Flour 19. 9. 6 37. 6. 6 Deals Viz.t 1 Inch Wainscot Board ". 6. " 2 Double Deals ". 8. " . 14. " Cordage 9.cwt 1. 5 23. 18. 8 Sugar and Candy Viz.t 6.c 12 Sugar 17. 2. " 2.c 7 Candy 2. 7. 3 19. 9. 3 Soap 20.lb 1. 13. " Oyl &c Viz.t 46 Gallons Linseed 15. 6. 8 10½ Gallons Train 2. 11. 3 2 Bottles Florence ". 7. 6 18. 5. 5 Salt 11.lb Bushells 5. 6. 7 Tea &c ". 3. " Candles 4.lb ". 10. " Broad Cloth 15½ Yards 15. 10. " ½ Yard Scarlet 21.d 5. 3 15. 15. 3 Carried over £ 153. 13. 2	Mr Robert Wright, storekeeper, that day brought in his ledgers for the month of June last, which were examined and are as follows. A collection of goods sold and delivered out of the honourable company's stores from 1 to 30 June 1743. Arrack, 77½ gallons at 7d, £2 7s 2d. Brandy, 2 gallons, £0 14s 0d. Bread and flour: 6 hundredweight 12 pounds 3 quarters bread, £17 17s 0d. 13 hundredweight 3 quarters 19 pounds flour, £19 9s 6d. Total £37 6s 6d. Deals: 1 inch wainscot board, £0 6s 0d. 2 double deals, £0 8s 0d. Total £0 14s 0d. Cordage, nine hundredweight one quarter five pounds, £23 18s 8d. Sugar and candy: 6 hundredweight 12 pounds sugar, £17 2s 0d. 2 hundredweight 7 pounds candy, £2 7s 3d. Total £19 9s 3d. Soap, 7 pounds, £1 18s 0d. Oil: 46 gallons linseed, £15 6s 8d. 10¾ gallons train, £2 11s 3d. 2 bottles Florence, £0 7s 6d. Total £18 5s 5d. Salt, 11 bushels, £0 6s 7d. Tea, £0 3s 0d. Candles, 4 pounds, £0 10s 0d. Broad cloth: 15½ yards, £15 10s 0d. ¾ yard scarlet, £0 5s 9d. Total £15 15s 3d. Carried over £153 13s 2d.
134		131	Brought over £ 153. 13. 2 Hooks and Lines 22 doz. Hooks ". 17. 11½ 1885 Blue Hooks ". 18. 3 6 doz. 3 Lines 2. 3. 9 3. 19. 11½ Corks Viz.t 20½ Grose 4. 12. 3 ½ Coloured ". 9. " 4. 13. " Combs Viz.t 25 Ivory Combs 1. 12. 8 2 Buckling ". 10 1. 13. 6 Glassware Viz.t 14 Squares Glass 8 by 10 ". 10. 6 1 D.o 12 by 12 1. 6 2 large Plate Glass 1. 4. " 2 Dozin Wine Glasses . 16. " 2. 12. " Cutlery Ware Butchers Knife ". ". 9 Thread Viz.t 58.lb White Brown 21. 3. 9 36½ Coloured 5. 10. 3 15 oz Twine 1. 8. " 28. 2. " Shalloon 53½ Yards 7. 3. 4 Haberdasheryware Viz.t 6.m Pins ". 8. 2 24.lb Inglish Silk ". 12. " Carried over £. ". 2 Carried over £ 201. 17. 8½	Brought over £153 13s 2d. Hooks and lines: 22 dozen hooks, £0 17s 11½d. 1,885 blue hooks, £0 18s 3d. 6 dozen lines, £2 3s 9d. Total £3 19s 11½d. Corks: 20½ gross, £4 12s 3d. 34 [...], £0 0s 9d. Total £4 13s 0d. Combs: 23 ivory combs, £0 12s 8d. 2 buckling, £0 0s 10d. Total £1 13s 6d. Glassware: 14 squares glass, 8 by 10, £0 10s 6d. 1 [...], 12 by 12, £0 1s 6d. 2 large plate glass, £1 4s 0d. 2 dozen wine glasses, £0 16s 0d. Total £2 12s 0d. Cutlery ware, butchers' knives, £0 0s 9d. Thread: 58½ pounds white brown, £21 3s 9d. 34½ pounds coloured, £5 10s 3d. 15 ounces twine, £1 8s 0d. Total £28 2s 0d. Shalloon, 53¾ yards, £7 3s 4d. Haberdashery: 6 [...] pins, £0 8s 2d. 24 [...] English silk, £0 12s 0d. Carried over £201 17s 8½d.
135		132	Brought over £ 201. 17. 8½ Haberdasheryware Brought over £1. ". 2 29 lb. Mohair ". 9. 8 7 doz. Coat Buttons ". 7. " 9½ doz. Bread ". 4. 9 6 P.s narrow Holland Tape ". 4. 6 4½ Broad D.o ". 4. 8 2.lb Bobbing ". 1. " 4 Yards Stay Laces ". 1. 8 2. 13. 5 German Serge 10½ Yards 3. 6. 11½ Ironware Viz.t 2 Iron rimd Locks ". 7. 5 2 Frying Pans ". 9. 2 3 Stock Locks ". 4. 5 1 Chest Lock ". 12. " 3 Padlocks 13. 6 2. 6. 6 Gold Buttons Viz.t 1½ doz. Metal Buttons ". 5. 3 ¾ oz Gold Twist ". 4. 7½ ". 9. 10½ Canvas Viz.t 2 Yards English Canvas ". 3. 8 4½ Yards Sacking ". 4. 7½ ". 8. 3½ Shoes Viz.t 5 Pair Boys 1. 1. 10 3 P.r Mens Sh.o 1. 1. 6 27 P.r Womens 6. "10 Shoes Carried over £ 8. 4. 2 Carried over £ 211. 2. 4½	Brought over £201 17s 8½d. Haberdashery brought over, £0 1s 2d. 29 ounces mohair, £0 9s 8d. 7 dozen coat buttons, £0 7s 0d. 9½ dozen bread, £0 4s 9d. 6 yards narrow Holland tape, £0 4s 6d. 4 pounds broad [...], £0 4s 8d. 2 pounds bobbing, £0 1s 0d. 4 yards stay laces, £0 1s 8d. Total £2 13s 5d. German serge, 10½ yards, £3 6s 11½d. Ironware: 2 iron rimbud locks, £0 7s 5d. 2 frying pans, £0 9s 2d. 3 stock locks, £0 4s 5d. 1 chest lock, £0 12s 0d. 3 padlocks, £0 13s 6d. Total £2 6s 6d. Gold buttons: 1½ dozen metal buttons, £0 5s 3d. ¼ ounce gold twist, £0 4s 7½d. Total £0 9s 10½d. Canvas: 2 yards English canvas, £0 3s 8d. 4½ yards sacking, £0 4s 7½d. Total £0 8s 3¾d. Shoes: 5 pair boys, £1 1s 10d. 3 pair men's, £1 1s 6d. 27 pair women's, £6 0s 10d. Shoes carried over £8 4s 2d. Carried over £211 2s 4½d.
136		133	Brought over £ 211. 2. 4½ Shoes Brought over £8. 4. 2 61 P.r Mens Ordinary 19. 16. 2 27. ". 4 Duck 1½ Yard Russia Sail Cloth ". ". 10 Lead 16.lb Bird Shott ". 1. " Nails Viz.t 25½ 6.d ". 17. " 7. 8. ". 5½ 1½ Tacks 1. 6¾ 12.lb Spike Nails 5. " 9.lb Scupper D.o 6. 9 28.lb 20.d D.o 14. " 10.lb flooring Brads 5. 10 2. 10. 7¼ Stationaryware 1 Slate ". ". 10 Sagathy 20½ Yards 2. 16. 4½ Chellows 9 P.r 6. 1. 6 Shirts 3 Dungaree ". 7. 6 Pork 1.lb ". 3. " Hosiersware 1 pair Boys Stockings ". 3. 3 Flannell 1 Yard ". 1. 8 Lanthorn 7½ doz. Lanthorn Leaves ". 15. 10 Deesootees 1 P.c White ". 13. 6 Kersey 15 Yards 1. 6. 3 China ware 8 Small Cups ". 2. " 6 Blue & White plates ". 6. " 1 Tea potts 1. 6 1 Iron Dished & Sold 1. 4. " 1. 13. 6 Carried over £ 235. 1. 4½	Brought over £211 2s 4½d. Shoes brought over, £8 4s 2d. 61 pair men's ordinary, £18 16s 2d. Total £27 0s 4d. Duck, 1½ yard Russia sail cloth, £0 1s 10d. Lead, 16 pounds bird shot, £0 1s 0d. Nails: 25½ pounds six-penny, £0 17s 0d. 8 pounds [...], £0 0s 5½d. 1¼ pounds tacks, £0 1s 6¾d. 12 pounds spike nails, £0 5s 0d. 9 pounds scupper [...], £0 6s 9d. 28 pounds twenty-penny, £0 14s 0d. 10 pounds flooring brads, £0 5s 10d. Total £2 10s 7¼d. Stationaryware, 1 [...], £0 0s 10d. Sagathy, 20¾ yards, £2 16s 4½d. Chelloe, 9 pieces, £6 1s 6d. Shirts, 3 dungaree, £0 7s 6d. Pork, 1 [...], £0 3s 0d. Hosiery, 1 pair boys' stockings, £0 3s 3d. Flannel, 1 yard, £0 1s 8d. Lanthorn, 7½ dozen lanthorn leaves, £0 15s 10d. Deescoteles, 19 pieces white, £0 13s 6d. Kersey, 15 yards, £1 6s 3d. China ware 8 small cups, £0 2s 0d. 6 blue and white plates, £0 6s 0d. 1 tea pot, £0 1s 6d. 1 sugar dish and lid, £1 4s 0d. Total £1 13s 6d. Carried over £235 1s 4½d. Interpretations Deescoteles, entered by the piece and priced alongside chelloe, sagathy and kersey, was most likely a plain cotton cloth of Indian manufacture, part of the same range of eastern textiles the store carried for general sale, though the account gives no fuller description of its weight, colour or weave beyond the price and quantity recorded.
137		134	Brought over £ 235. 1. 4½ Iron Potts One ". 12. " Brasierware 2 Copper Saucepans ". 12. 6 Turnersware Viz.t 1 Cloth Brush £. 1. 8 4 Mopps ". 6. 8 2 Hair Brooms ". 4. 6 14 Paint Brushes ". 7. " . 19. 10 Tinware 2 Speaking Trumpets 1. ". " Twine &c Twine 1. 8. " 10.lb Packthread ". ". 11 1. 2. 7 Paddy 12.lb 5. 8. " Pitch 3 Barrells ". 19. " 3 Barrells Tarr 5. 17. " 50.lb Turpentine ". 10. " 10.lb Rozin ". 3. " 11. 9. " Paint Viz.t 55.lb Red Lead 1. 7. 6 14.lb Red Oakin ". 4. 8 3.lb Umber ". 1. 6 2.lb Verdigrease ". 8. 6 4.lb Blue Smalts ". 10. 8 42.lb White Lead 1. 1. " ½.lb Indico ". 11. " 17 Barrells Lamb Black 1. 11. 4 5. 16. 2 Total S.o D. £ 264. 12. 6	Brought over £235 1s 4½d. Iron pots, one, £0 0s 12d. Braziersware, 2 copper saucepans, £0 12s 6d. Turnersware: 1 cloth brush, £0 1s 8d. 4 mops, £0 6s 8d. 2 hair brooms, £0 4s 6d. 14 paint brushes, £0 7s 0d. Total £0 19s 10d. Tinware, 2 speaking trumpets, £1 0s 0d. Twine: 10 pounds twine, £1 1s 8d. 7 pounds pack thread, £0 0s 11d. Total £1 2s 7d. Paddy, 12 hundredweight, £5 8s 0d. Pitch: 3 barrels, £0 19s 0d. 3 barrels tar, £5 17s 0d. 50 pounds turpentine, £0 10s 0d. 19 pounds rosin, £0 3s 0d. Total £11 9s 0d. Paint 55 pounds red lead, £1 7s 6d. 14 pounds red ochre, £0 4s 8d. 3 pounds umber, £0 1s 6d. 2 pounds verdigris, £0 8s 6d. 4 pounds blue smalt, £0 10s 8d. 42 pounds white lead, £1 1s 0d. 1½ pounds indigo, £0 11s 0d. 17 barrels lamblack, £1 11s 4d. Total £5 16s 2d. Total for the month £284 15s 6d.
138		135	Charges General for the Month of June 1743 Viz.t Corks 3 Grose ". 18. " Cordage 3.lb ". 1. 8 Lines 1.lb 4 ". ". 4 China ware 3 Sort Dish Sett & Gold £1. ". " 24 Plates D.o ". 13. 4 1 Sop Dish D.o 1. 14. 4 Bunting 3 Yards white ". 2. " Deals for 3 Inch Wainscott Boards 12. " 3 foot Oak Plank 3. 1½ . 15. 1½ Nails 12.lb 6.d ". 5. " 2. 3.d 1. 2 3. 10.d 2. 8 . 8. 10 Leather 5.lb ". 3. 7½ Glassware 20 Squares 6 by 8 3. 1 6.lb 8 by 10 2. 3 . 5. 7 Pitch 15.lb ". 2. 6 4 Dozen ". 8 1 Gallon Tarr ". 8 . 3. 10 Brazierware 1 Copper hash. Pan ". 18. 3 Thread 6.lb white Brown 1. 8. 3 6 oz Twine ". 12. " 9.lb Colored Thread 19. 6 2. 19. 9 Twine 3.lb 1. 5 Carried over £ 8. 13. ½	Charges general for the month of June 1743. Corks, 3 gross, £0 18s 0d. Cordage, 3 pounds, £0 1s 8d. Lines, 1 line number four, £0 0s 4d. Chinaware: 3 hooped dishes at 8d and 4s, £1 0s 0d. 24 plates, £1 1s 0d. 1 sauce dish, £0 13s 4d. Total £1 14s 4d. Bunting, 4 yards white, £0 9s 0d. Deals: 3 inch wainscot boards, £0 12s 0d. 3 feet oak plank, £0 3s 1½d. Total £0 15s 1½d. Nails: 12 pounds five-penny, £0 5s 0d. 2 pounds three-penny, £0 1s 2d. 3 pounds ten-penny, £0 2s 8d. Total £0 8s 10d. Leather, 5 pounds, £0 3s 7¼d. Glassware: 20 squares 6 by 8, £0 3s 0d. 6 [...] 8 by 10, £0 2s 3d. Total £0 5s 7d. Pitch: 15 pounds [...], £0 2s 6d. 4 dozen [...], £0 0s 8d. 1 gallon tar, £0 0s 8d. Total £0 3s 10d. Copperware, 1 copper hash pan, £0 18s 3d. Thread: 6 pounds white brown, £1 8s 3d. 6 ounces twine, £0 1s 2d. 9 pounds coloured thread, £1 9s 6d. Total £2 19s 9d. Twine, 3 pounds, £0 1s 5d. Carried over £8 13s 1½d.
139		136	Brought over £ 8. 13. ½ Haberdashery 1½ oz China Silk 1. 1½ 15.lb Needls ". 8. 3¾ . 9. 6¾ Ironware 2 Loving Axes ". 1. 8 3 Pad Locks 7. 6 2 Iron rimd Locks 1. 9¾ 1 Helve ". 6¾ . 17. 5¾ Canvas 1 Yard English ". 1. 2½ Chellows 3.lb ". 1. 6. 9 Soap 2.c 1. 18 6. 8. 9 Total £ 17. 16. 9½ Blacks for the Month of June 1743 Viz.t Hooks 2 Blue £. ". 8 12 doz. Hooks ". 5. " ". 5. 6 Shoes 1 P.r Mens Ordinary ". 1. 1 Blanketts 2 Ordinary ". 11. 7 Long Cloth 4 P.s Ordinary 3. 14. 8 4 P.s Midling 4. 8. " 8. 2. 8 Chellow 8 D.o 3. 11. 4 Deesootees 12 D.o 5. 5. " Kersey 26½ Yards 14. 7. " Total 32. 13. 4	Brought over £8 13s 1½d. Haberdashery: 1½ ounce china silk, £0 1s 1½d. 15 pounds needles, £0 8s 3¾d. Total £0 9s 6¾d. Ironware: 2 loving axes, £0 1s 8d. 3 pad locks, £0 7s 6d. 2 iron rimbud locks, £0 1s 9¾d. 1 helve, £0 0s 6¼d. Total £0 17s 5¾d. Canvas, 1 yard English, £0 1s 2½d. Chelloe, 3 pieces, £1 6s 9d. Soap, two hundredweight one quarter eighteen pounds, £6 8s 9d. Total £17 16s 9¾d. Blacks for the month of June 1743. Hooks: 2 pounds blue, £0 0s 8d. 12 dozen hooks, £0 5s 0d. Total £0 5s 8d. Shoes, 1 pair men's ordinary, £0 1s 1d. Blankets, 2 ordinary, £0 11s 7d. Long cloth: 4 pieces ordinary, £3 14s 8d. 4 pieces meddling, £4 8s 0d. Total £8 2s 8d. Chelloe, 8 pieces, £3 11s 4d. Deescoteles, 12 pieces, £5 5s 0d. Kersey, 26¼ yards, £14 17s 0d. Total £32 13s 4d. Interpretations Chelloe, entered by the piece in both the storekeeper's general accounts and the account for blacks, was a plain or checked cotton cloth imported from Bengal, part of the same Indian textile trade recorded elsewhere in these accounts alongside deescoteles and sagathy, and its appearance in the blacks account shows the store issuing this cheaper eastern cloth for slave clothing rather than the finer English broad cloth sold to the free population. Kersey, bought here in bulk at 26¼ yards for the blacks account, was a coarse ribbed woollen cloth, durable and inexpensive, the standard material used across English colonial settlements for slave garments, and its purchase here alongside long cloth and blankets confirms the pattern already noted of a separate, plainer stock of textiles reserved for issuing to the slave population.
140		137	Diet Expences for the Month of June 1743 Viz.t Arrack 121 Gallons £28. 4. " Sugar &c 1. 25 £. 1. 9 ". 15. 3½ 1. 17. ½ Flour 8.c 7. 1. " 11. 1. 7½ Oyl 6 Bottles Florence ". 15. " Pepper 3.lb ". ". 1 Total £ 43. 8. 8 Garrison for the Month of June 1743 Viz.t Bunting 55 Yards Blue 1. 9. 9½ 4 Yds Red ". 2. 11 4 Yds white ". 2. " 1. 14. 8½ Canvas 5 Yds Sacking ". 3. 5½ Lines 2 Marlbro. ". 3. 8 Oyl 18½ Gallons Train 3. ". 10 Tea 15.lb ". 12. 6 Thread 2.lb Coloured ". 4. 4 Twine 2.lb ". 2. 10 Nails 6.lb 3.d ". 3. 6 Lanthorns 2 Masonry Lights ". 14. 10½ Ironware 1 P.r Sheep Shears ". 1. 1 Arrack 7 Gall. for the Guards 1. 16. " Glassware 1 half hour Glass ". ". 6½ Total £ 8. 18. "	Diet expenses for the month of June 1743. Arrack, 121 gallons, £28 4s 0d. Sugar: 1 hundredweight 25 pounds, £1 1s 9d. 15 hundredweight 3¼ pounds, £15 3¼d. Total £1 17s 0½d. Flour, 8 hundredweight 7 quarters 1 pound, £11 1s 7½d. Oil, 6 bottles Florence, £0 15s 0d. Pepper, 3 pounds, £0 1s 0d. Total £43 8s 8d. Garrison for the month of June 1743. Bunting: 55 yards blue, £1 9s 9½d. 4 yards red, £0 2s 11d. 4 yards white, £0 2s 0d. Total £1 14s 8½d. Canvas, 5 yards sacking, £0 3s 8¼d. Lines, 2 Marambo, £0 3s 8d. Oil, 18½ gallons train, £3 0s 10d. Tea, 15 pounds, £0 12s 6d. Thread, 2 pounds coloured, £0 4s 4d. Twine, 2 pounds, £0 2s 10d. Nails, 6 pounds three-penny, £0 3s 6d. Lanthorns, 2 masonry lights, £0 14s 10½d. Ironware, 1 pound sheep shears, £0 1s 1d. Arrack, 7 gallons for the guards, £1 7s 6d. Glassware, 1 half hour glass, £0 0s 6¼d. Total £8 18s 0d.
141		138	Fortification for the Month of June 1743 Viz.t Deals 57 double £7. 12. " Tinware 1 Speaking Trumpet ". 6. 7½ Cordage 2.lb ". 8. 8 Nails 8.lb 6.d £. 3. 4 1. 10.d ". ". 4 . 3. 8 Ironware 1 Frame Saw with Furniture 1. 17. 3 2 long Planes ". 9. ½ 3 Smoothing Planes ". 1. 1½ 2 Jack Planes ". 3. 8 2 hand Saws ". 14. 4 2 Tenant Saws ". 14. 4 2 Hammers ". 2. 6 4 Chizells ". 3. 8 6 Files ". 2. 9½ 12 Gimblitts 1. 8 4. 13. 7½ Lines 1 D.o Marlbro. ". 1. 4 Sacking 2.lb 1. 12. 4 Twine 1.lb ". 1. 5 Pitch 33.lb ". 2. 6 3 Gallons Tarr ". 2. " . 4. 6 Haberdashery 1.lb Needles ". ". 6½ Total £ 15. 4. 7½ Soldiers Diet D.r for Beef and Pork from 4.th May to the 30.th June viz.t 10 Puncheons Beef 11 Hogsheads Pork	Fortification for the month of June 1743. Deals, 57 double, £7 12s 0d. Tinware, 1 speaking trumpet, £0 6s 7d. Cordage, 2 hundredweight, £0 8s 8d. Nails: 8 pounds six-penny, £3 1s 4d. 1 pound ten-penny, £0 0s 4d. Total £0 3s 9d. Ironware: 1 frame saw with furniture, £1 17s 3d. 2 long planes, £0 9s 4d. 3 smoothing planes, £1 1s 4½d. 2 jack planes, £0 3s 8d. 2 hand saws, £0 14s 4d. 2 tenant saws, £0 14s 4d. 2 hammers, £0 2s 6d. 4 chisels, £0 3s 8d. 6 files, £0 2s 9½d. 12 gimblets, £1 0s 8d. Total £4 13s 7½d. Lines, 1 Marambo, £0 1s 4d. Sacking, 2 pounds, £1 12s 4d. Twine, 1 pound, £0 1s 3d. Pitch: 3 pounds [...], £0 2s 6d. 3 gallons tar, £0 2s 0d. Total £0 4s 6d. Haberdashery, 1 pound needles, £0 0s 6¼d. Total £15 4s 7½d. Soldiers' diet owed beef and pork, from 4 May to 30 June. 10 puncheons beef. 11 hogsheads pork.
142		139	Fortification for the Month of June 1743 Viz.t Deals 57 double £7. 12. " Tinware 1 Speaking Trumpet ". 6. 7½ Cordage 2.lb ". 8. 8 Nails 8.lb 6.d £. 3. 4 1. 10.d ". ". 4 . 3. 8 Ironware 1 Frame Saw with Furniture 1. 17. 3 2 long Planes ". 9. ½ 3 Smoothing Planes ". 1. 1½ 2 Jack Planes ". 3. 8 2 hand Saws ". 14. 4 2 Tenant Saws ". 14. 4 2 Hammers ". 2. 6 4 Chizells ". 3. 8 6 Files ". 2. 9½ 12 Gimblitts 1. 8 4. 13. 7½ Lines 1 D.o Marlbro. ". 1. 4 Sacking 2.lb 1. 12. 4 Twine 1.lb ". 1. 5 Pitch 33.lb ". 2. 6 3 Gallons Tarr ". 2. " . 4. 6 Haberdashery 1.lb Needles ". ". 6½ Total £ 15. 4. 7½ Soldiers Diet D.r for Beef and Pork from 4.th May to the 30.th June viz.t 10 Puncheons Beef 11 Hogsheads Pork	Fortification for the month of June 1743. Deals, 57 double, £7 12s 0d. Tinware, 1 speaking trumpet, £0 6s 7d. Cordage, 2 hundredweight, £0 8s 8d. Nails: 8 pounds six-penny, £3 1s 4d. 1 pound ten-penny, £0 0s 4d. Total £0 3s 9d. Ironware: 1 frame saw with furniture, £1 17s 3d. 2 long planes, £0 9s 4d. 3 smoothing planes, £1 1s 4½d. 2 jack planes, £0 3s 8d. 2 hand saws, £0 14s 4d. 2 tenant saws, £0 14s 4d. 2 hammers, £0 2s 6d. 4 chisels, £0 3s 8d. 6 files, £0 2s 9½d. 12 gimblets, £1 0s 8d. Total £4 13s 7½d. Lines, 1 Marambo, £0 1s 4d. Sacking, 2 pounds, £1 12s 4d. Twine, 1 pound, £0 1s 3d. Pitch: 3 pounds [...], £0 2s 6d. 3 gallons tar, £0 2s 0d. Total £0 4s 6d. Haberdashery, 1 pound needles, £0 0s 6¼d. Total £15 4s 7½d. Soldiers' diet owed beef and pork, from 4 May to 30 June. 10 puncheons beef. 11 hogsheads pork.
143		140	In the Name of God Amen I Stephen Lufkin Jun.r of the Island S.t Helena Soldier being Sick & Weak in Body but of Sound & disposing mind & memory do so accordingly Controversies after my decease make Publish and do declare this my Last Will & Testament in Manner following Videllicet to say, first I principally recommend my Soul into the hands of Almighty God that give it & my body I Committ to the Earth to be decently interred at the Discretion of my Executor hereafter named and as touching all my worldly Goods and Effects my debts and Funeral Charges first being discharged I give bequeath & devise the same in manner & form following Imprimis I give and bequeath unto my dearly beloved Wife, Martha Lufkin all my Duke as well real as personal that now is or hereafter may properly be Called mine, as also all such Gifts or Legacys as may be for Given unto me, by any friends or Relations in any other parts of the World Item I nominate order and appoint my beloved father Stephen Lufkin my whole and Sole Executor of this my Last Will and Testament revoking and Annulling all other Wills or Wills by me, any time heretofore made allowing this to be no other to be my last Will and Testaments In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand & Seal this 15.th day of April in the Year of our Lord 1743. Stephen The X Mark of Lufkin Jun.r Signed Sealed & delivered in the presence of us Walter Morris Tho.s Harper D. Griffith	Stephen Lufkin junior of the island of St Helena, being sick and weak in body but of sound and disposing mind and memory, thanked God for that mercy and, considering the certainty of death, made, published and declared this his last will and testament. He committed his soul into the hands of almighty God and recommended his body to be decently buried at the discretion of the executor named below. As touching all his worldly goods and estate, all his debts and funeral charges being first discharged, he gave, bequeathed and devised the same in the manner and form following. He first gave and bequeathed to his dearly beloved wife Martha Lufkin all his stock, both real and personal, that now was or should thereafter properly be called his, as well as any such gifts or legacies as might be given to him by any friends or relations in any other parts of the world. He nominated, ordered and appointed his beloved father Stephen Lufkin his whole and sole executor of that his last will and testament, revoking and making void all other wills or testaments made by him at any time before, and declaring this to be his last will and testament. In witness of which he set his hand and seal that 15th day of April in the year of our Lord 1743. Stephen Lufkin junior signed with his mark. Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of Walter Morris, Thomas Harper, D. Griffiths.
144		141	Jonathan Higham having Died Intestate and indebted to the Hon.ble Company in the sum of £21. 12. 3½ We in Obedience to our Hon.ble Masters Orders in such Case do Sell to dispose of his Effects at Publick Outery to pay the same, and if there be any Overplus to divide it Equally amongst the Rest of his Creditors We this Day Counted the Hon.ble Companys Cash and find the same in good order & Condition amounting to the Sume of Three Thousand Seven hundred and Seventy four pounds Sixteen Shillings & Ten pence Viz.t 1743 D.r Cash To Ballance Brought over £3269. 16. 10 Aug.t 22. of the Estate of John Bradley deceased 88. 11. 6½ Robert Wright Jun.rs 197. 8. 5¼ John Godfrey D.o 220. ". " £3774. 16. 10 The particular Species are as follows Loose Dubaloons . . . . 42½ £12. 15. " Dollars . . . . . 7727. 7 1751. 19. 4½ Ryals . . . . . . 343 38. 11. 9 Double Ryals . . . 1022 113. 17. 6 Ryals O . . . . . 4308 134. 12. 6 Half Ryals . . . . 2456 38. 7. 6 Odd Money 4. 5. 3¾ 2074. 8. 10½ Gold Gubbers . . . . . 2 ". 12. " Venetian Zequins . 87 25. ". " Pagodas . . . . . 2012 905. 8. " Gold in Lumps 59. 12. 11½ 990. 12. 11½ Cash Notes 141 at 40. 282. ". " 143 - 20. 143. ". " 259 - 5. 64. 15. " 160 - 2/6 20. ". " 509. 15. " £ 3774. 16. 10 G. G. Powell John Godfrey Rob.t Wright	Jonathan Higham had died intestate and indebted to the honourable company in the sum of £21 12s 3d. In obedience to the honourable masters' orders in such a case, the council agreed to dispose of his effects at public auction to pay the same, and if there proved to be any surplus, to divide it equally among the rest of his creditors. The council that day counted the honourable company's cash and found it in good order and condition, amounting to the sum of £3,774 16s 10d. 22 August, cash owed by balance brought over, £3,269 16s 10d. Of the estate of John Bradley, deceased, £88 11s 6¼d. Robert Wright, Esquire, £197 8s 5¼d. John Godfrey, Esquire, £220 0s 0d. Total £3,774 16s 10d. The particular species were as follows. Close: Doubloons, 42½, £12 15s 0d. Dollars, 7,727 dollars 7 [...], £1,931 19s 4½d. Rupees, 343, £38 11s 9d. Double royals, 1,822, £113 17s 6d. Royals, 4,308, £134 12s 6d. Half royals, 2,456, £38 7s 6d. Odd money, £4 5s 3¾d. Total £2,274 8s 10¼d. Gold: Cobbers, 2, £0 12s 0d. Venetian sequins, 50, £25 0s 0d. Pagodas, 2,012, £905 8s 0d. Gold in lumps, £59 12s 11½d. Total £990 12s 11¾d. Cash notes: 141 at 40, £282 0s 0d. 143 at 20, £143 0s 0d. 259 at 5, £64 15s 0d. 160 at 2s 6d, £20 0s 0d. Total £509 15s 0d. Total £3,774 16s 10d. Governor Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright.
145		142	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 17.th Day of September 1743 at the Castle Present George Gabriel Powell Esq.r Governour John Godfrey 2.d of Council Robert Wright 3.d of Council The Last Consultation was Read and approved This being the Month usual for people to Fetch for their Rents and Revenues due to the Hon.ble Company, We therefore direct that Notice be given them to Attend at the Plantation House for that purpose on the 20.th Instant & in the Interim the following Advertizement be published viz.t Notice is hereby given to the Inhabitants of this Island that on or before Thursday next they are required to Deliver into the Secretarys Office at the Plantation Foarn an Exact Account of their family Land and Cattle By order of Council The Governour Requests that as the Company are not at present making Use of their Sheerlock Stone he may be allowed to borrow as many as will Pave a Kitchen & engages to Return the same quantity upon the Arrival of the next Store Ship, he having intended for some Granted We this Day Examined and founded the Stocks in y.e Cash and find the same in good order, Order & Condition amounting to the Same of £3774. 16. 10 the fol[...] are the particulars hereof viz.t	A consultation was held on Tuesday 17 September 1743 at the castle. Present: Governor Powell, John Godfrey second of council, Robert Wright third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. This being the month usual for people to fetch their books and reckon the sums due to the honourable company, the council directed that notice be given to attend at the plantation house for that purpose on the 20th instant, and that in the interim the following advertisement be published. Notice was given to the inhabitants of the island that on or before Thursday next they were required to deliver into the secretary's office at the plantation house an exact account of their family, land and cattle, by order of council. The Governor requested that, as the company was not at present making use of its bullocks, he might be allowed to borrow as many as would give a fatling, and undertook to return the same quantity upon the arrival of the next slave ship, he having intended for some. Granted. The council that day examined and counted the company's cash and found the same in good order and condition, amounting to the sum of £3,774 16s 10d, the particulars of which appear as follows. Interpretations The requirement that every inhabitant deliver an exact account of their family, land and cattle to the secretary's office reflects a periodic census the company conducted to keep its own records current, a check that would have underpinned matters such as the cattle-mark disputes recorded earlier in these consultations, where ownership and stock numbers needed to be verifiable. Speculations The Governor asked to borrow company bullocks for his own use, promising only to return the same number once the next slave ship arrived, rather than paying for their use or waiting to acquire his own stock through the ordinary channels available to any other planter. The council granted this without recorded condition or objection, a request that, from any other petitioner, would have been an ordinary loan needing security or repayment terms; granting it to the Governor himself on his bare undertaking shows the council treating his personal use of company property as a matter of course rather than one requiring the same scrutiny it applied to disputes between other individuals over the very same cattle.
146		143	1743 D.r Cash To Ballance Brought over £3268. 16. 10 Aug.t 22. of the Estate of John Bradley deceased 88. 11. 6½ Robert Wright Stores 197. 8. 5½ John Godfrey D.o 220. ". " £3774. 16. 10 The particular Species are as follows Floor Duccatoons . . . . 42½ £12. 15. " Dollars . . . . . 7727. 7 1931. 19. 4½ Rupees . . . . . 343 38. 11. 9½ Double Ryals . . . 1822 113. 17. 6 Ryals O . . . . . 4308 134. 12. 6 Half Ryals . . . . 2456 38. 7. 6 Odd Money 4. 5. 3½ 2274. 8. 10¾ Gold Gubbers . . . . . 2 ". 12. " Venetian Zequines . 50 25. ". " Pagodas . . . . . 2012 905. 8. " Gold in Lumps 59. 12. 11½ 990. 12. 11½ Cash Notes 141 at 20.s 282. ". " 143 - 20.s 143. ". " 259 - 5.s 64. 15. " 160 - 2/6 20. ". " 509. 15. " £ 3774. 16. 10 G. G. Powell John Godfrey Rob.t Wright	Note: This is a duplication of a section of Film No. 144: 1743 22 August, cash owed by balance brought over, £3,269 16s 10d. Of the estate of John Bradley, deceased, £88 11s 6¼d. Robert Wright, Esquire, £197 8s 5¼d. John Godfrey, Esquire, £220 0s 0d. Total £3,774 16s 10d. The particular species were as follows. Close: Doubloons, 42½, £12 15s 0d. Dollars, 7,727 dollars 7 [...], £1,931 19s 4½d. Rupees, 343, £38 11s 9d. Double royals, 1,822, £113 17s 6d. Royals, 4,308, £134 12s 6d. Half royals, 2,456, £38 7s 6d. Odd money, £4 5s 3¾d. Total £2,274 8s 10¼d. Gold: Cobbers, 2, £0 12s 0d. Venetian sequins, 50, £25 0s 0d. Pagodas, 2,012, £905 8s 0d. Gold in lumps, £59 12s 11½d. Total £990 12s 11¾d. Cash notes: 141 at 40, £282 0s 0d. 143 at 20, £143 0s 0d. 259 at 5, £64 15s 0d. 160 at 2s 6d, £20 0s 0d. Total £509 15s 0d. Total £3,774 16s 10d. Governor Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright.
147		144	At a Consultation held on Thursday the 15.th September 1743 at Plantation House, Present G. G. Powell Esq.r Governour John Godfrey 2.d of Council Robert Wright 3.d of Council The Last Consultation was Read and approved The Petition of Joseph Powell was this day Presented and Read praying a New Lease for six Acres of Land Two Acres whereof are Situated in Lemon Valley and the other 2½ in the Tobacco Plain, the Old Lease for the same being lost or Mislaid Granted The Reverend Edwin Alcock setting forth that he hath not yet had a Lease for the Little Garden in Rupples Valley late a part of the Estate of John Godwin Esq.r Deceased which he Purchased at the Publick Auction made thereof We therefore Ordered a Lease to be prepared for the same accordingly M.r Robert Wright this Day undertook to Act as Secretary till the said Office should be otherwise filled up The Husband the Gunner and Steward this day produced their Accounts for the Month of August last as did likewise the Accomptant his Journal & proofs for the said Month Which were severally Examined and proved and are as follows viz.t	A consultation was held on Thursday 15 September 1743 at the plantation house. Present: Governor Powell, John Godfrey second of council, Robert Wright third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. The petition of Joseph Powell was that day presented and read, praying a new lease for six acres of land, four acres of which were situated in Lemon Valley and the other two acres in the Tobacco Plain, the old lease for the same being lost or mislaid. Granted. The Reverend Edwin Alcock, setting forth that he had not yet had a lease for the little garden in Chapel Valley, lately a part of the estate of John Goodwin, Esquire, deceased, which he had purchased at the public auction made of it, the council therefore ordered a lease to be prepared for the same accordingly. Mr Robert Wright that day undertook to act as secretary until the said office should otherwise be filled up. The husband, the gunner and the steward that day produced their accounts for the month of August last, as did likewise the accountant his journal proceeds for the said month, which were severally examined and approved and are as follows. Interpretations Alcock's purchase of the little garden at the public auction of Goodwin's estate connects this consultation to the earlier proceedings recorded following Goodwin's death, showing the estate's assets being sold off and taken up individually by island residents over the months that followed, with a lease still needing to be formally prepared even after the sale itself had gone through. Wright's appointment to act as secretary until the office was otherwise filled shows the council managing a vacancy in one of its standing administrative posts by assigning the duty temporarily to a sitting councillor, rather than leaving the function unattended or delaying business until a permanent appointment could be made.
148		145	Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of August 1743 Viz.t Neat Cattle: Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total Sheep: Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total Goats: Ewes, Wethers, Kidds, Rams, Total Hogs: Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total Poultry: Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Total Horses: Horses, Mares, Total Remaining 1.st August: Bullocks 6, Cows 101, Heifers 19, Steers 48, Yearlings 35, Calves 75, Bulls 6, Total 290, Ewes 75, Wethers 10, Lambs 37, Rams 4, Total 126, Ewes 104, Wethers 10, Kidds 88, Rams 4, Total 206, Sows 16, Barrows 9, Shoats 39, Piggs 25, Boars 3, Total 92, Turkeys 36, Fowls 105, Ducks 20, Geese 10, Total 8, Horses 7, Mares 15, Total 15 Encreased in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 13, Bulls 0, Total 13, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Lambs 14, Rams 0, Total 14, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Kidds 16, Rams 0, Total 16, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 41, Boars 0, Total 41, Turkeys 13, Fowls 65, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 6, Cows 101, Heifers 19, Steers 48, Yearlings 35, Calves 88, Bulls 6, Total 303, Ewes 75, Wethers 10, Lambs 51, Rams 4, Total 140, Ewes 104, Wethers 10, Kidds 104, Rams 4, Total 222, Sows 16, Barrows 9, Shoats 39, Piggs 66, Boars 3, Total 133, Turkeys 49, Fowls 170, Ducks 20, Geese 10, Total 8, Horses 7, Mares 15, Total 15 Killed in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 1, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 1, Bulls 0, Total 1, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wethers 3, Kidds 1, Rams 0, Total 4, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 3, Piggs 1, Boars 0, Total 5, Turkeys 0, Fowls 9, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Died in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wethers 7, Kidds 103, Rams 4, Total 218, Sows 16, Barrows 6, Shoats 38, Piggs 61, Boars 3, Total 124, Turkeys 49, Fowls 165, Ducks 20, Geese 9, Total 8, Horses 7, Mares 15, Total 15 Remaining 31.st D.o: Bullocks 6, Cows 101, Heifers 18, Steers 48, Yearlings 35, Calves 88, Bulls 6, Total 302, Ewes 75, Wethers 10, Lambs 51, Rams 4, Total 140, Ewes 104, Wethers 6, Kidds 103, Rams 4, Total 217, Sows 16, Barrows 6, Shoats 38, Piggs 61, Boars 3, Total 124, Turkeys 48, Fowls 164, Ducks 20, Geese 8, Total 8, Horses 6, Mares 14, Total 14 277.lb Sea Expended 118.lb Pork D.o Yams Expended at the several Plantations 30,000 One Man Died the 14.th Named Sandish 68.lb Measly Pork thrown into the Sea E. E. p.r G. G. Powell Husband	Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of August 1743. Neat cattle remaining on 1 August 1743: 6 bullocks, 101 cows, 19 steers, 48 heifers, 35 yearlings, 75 calves, 6 bulls, 290 total. Increased during August: 13 calves, 13 total. Total available: 6 bullocks, 101 cows, 19 steers, 48 heifers, 35 yearlings, 88 calves, 6 bulls, 303 total. Killed during August: 1 cow, 1 total. Died during August: 6 bullocks, 107 cows, 18 steers, 48 heifers, 35 yearlings, 88 calves, 6 bulls, 302 total. Remaining on 31 August 1743: 6 bullocks, 101 cows, 18 steers, 48 heifers, 35 yearlings, 88 calves, 6 bulls, 302 total. Sheep remaining on 1 August 1743: 75 ewes, 10 wethers, 37 lambs, 4 rams, 126 total. Increased during August: 14 lambs, 14 total. Total available: 75 ewes, 10 wethers, 51 lambs, 4 rams, 140 total. Remaining on 31 August 1743: 75 ewes, 10 wethers, 51 lambs, 4 rams, 140 total. Goats remaining on 1 August 1743: 104 nannies, 10 billies, 88 kids, 4 rams, 206 total. Increased during August: 16 kids, 16 total. Total available: 104 nannies, 10 billies, 104 kids, 4 rams, 222 total. Killed during August: 3 nannies, 1 billy, 4 total. Died during August: 104 nannies, 7 billies, 103 kids, 4 rams, 218 total, 1 total. Remaining on 31 August 1743: 104 nannies, 6 billies, 103 kids, 4 rams, 217 total. Hogs remaining on 1 August 1743: 16 sows, 9 barrows, 39 boars, 25 pigs, 3 boars, 92 total. Increased during August: 41 pigs, 41 total. Killed during August: 16 sows, 9 barrows, 39 boars, 66 pigs, 3 boars, 133 total, 3 barrows, 1 boar, 5 pigs, 9 total. Died during August: 16 sows, 6 barrows, 38 boars, 61 pigs, 3 boars, 124 total, 1 total. Remaining on 31 August 1743: 16 sows, 6 barrows, 38 boars, 61 pigs, 3 boars, 124 total. Poultry remaining on 1 August 1743: 36 turkeys, 105 fowls, 20 ducks, 10 geese, 171 total. Increased during August: 13 turkeys, 65 fowls, 78 total. Killed during August: 49 turkeys, 170 fowls, 20 ducks, 10 geese, 249 total, 5 fowls, 1 goose, 6 total. Died during August: 49 turkeys, 165 fowls, 20 ducks, 9 geese, 243 total, 1 turkey, 1 goose, 2 total. Remaining on 31 August 1743: 48 turkeys, 164 fowls, 20 ducks, 8 geese, 240 total. Horses remaining on 1 August 1743: 8 horses, 7 mares, 15 total. Remaining on 31 August 1743: 8 horses, 6 mares, 14 total. The account recorded 277 pounds of beef expended and 118 pounds of pork expended. It recorded 30,000 pounds of yams expended at the several plantations. It recorded that one man had died on the 14th, named Sandish. It recorded 68 pounds of mealy pork thrown into the sea. Powell signed the account as husband.
149		146	Guns fired, Shot fired, 12.lb.r, Powder Expended 4th Fired at D.o Clarks funeral: Guns fired 12, Shot fired 0, 12.lb.r 12, Powder Expended 12 13 Fired at the Cask from the Line: Guns fired 19, Shot fired 19, 12.lb.r 19, Powder Expended 38 20. Fired at the Cask from the Line: Guns fired 14, Shot fired 14, 12.lb.r 14, Powder Expended 28 6 horns of powder expended for priming: Powder Expended 10 Powder for Exercising: Powder Expended 45 Powder to the Guard & Outforts: Powder Expended 20 Totall: Guns fired 45, Shot fired 33, 12.lb.r 33, Powder Expended 133 John French For sh.des 3 Paper — 8.d Match 4.d Lead Balls 3.d Rammer heads 6 Sponge heads 6 Sheep Skins 4 Handspikes 6 Lint [...] Expended for the Use of the General Table in the Month of August 1743 Viz.t 77 Bottles Port Wine 3. 6. 3 27 . . . . Mountain 1. 15. 8 30 . . . . Red Cape 1. ". " 270 . . . Small Beer 1. 2. 6 9 . . . . Florence Oyl 1. 2. 6 17.3 Gallons Arrack 15. 13. 4 104.lb Sugar Candy 3. 2. 6 250.lb Sugar 3. 2. 6 2¾ Casks Flour 3. 16. 2 4.lb Pepper 16. 2 4 Bushells Salt 1. 1. 3 44.lb Salt Beef 1. 1. 3 39 D.o Pork 1. 2. " 27.lb fresh Beef 1. 10. " 2 Sheep 1. 15. " 9 Goats 1. 15. " 2 Stags . 15. " 5 Pigs . 15. " ½ Grose Corks £ 46. 6. 3	Gunners' stores expended in the month of August 1743. 4 August, died and buried Elias General, 12 guns fired, 12 pounds powder expended. 13 August, fired at the fort from the [...], 19 guns fired, 19 pounds powder expended, 38 pounds powder expended. 20 August, fired at the fort from the [...], 14 guns fired, 14 pounds powder expended, 28 pounds powder expended. 6 horns of powder expended for priming, 10 pounds powder expended. Powder for exercising, 15 pounds powder expended. Powder to the guard and Culforts, 20 pounds powder expended. Total: 45 guns fired, 33 pounds powder expended, 33 pounds powder expended, 12 pounds powder expended, 133 pounds powder expended. Forelocks, 3. Paper, 8 reams. Match, 42 pounds. Lead balls, 3 hundredweight. Rammer heads, 6. Sponge heads, 6. Sheep skins, 4. Handspikes, 6. Sponge staves, 6. John French. Expended for the use of the general table in the month of August 1743. 17 bottles port wine, £3 6s 3d. 27 bottles mountain, £1 15s 8d. 30 bottles red cape, £1 0s 0d. 270 bottles small beer, £1 6s 6d. 9 bottles Florence oil, £1 2s 6d. 17¾ gallons arrack, £15 13s 4d. 10 pounds sugar candy, £2 2s 6d. 250 pounds sugar, £3 2s 6d. 2¾ casks flour, £3 16s 8d. 4 pounds pepper, £1 4s 0d. 34 bushels salt, £1 1s 3d. 44 pounds salt beef, £1 4s 6d. 39 pounds pork, £1 2s 3d. 79 pounds fresh beef, £1 10s 0d. 2 sheep, £1 10s 0d. 9 goats, £1 15s 0d. 2 hogs, £0 15s 0d. 5 pigs, £0 15s 0d. 4½ gross corks, £0 0s 0d. Total £40 6s 3d. Interpretations The record of a man named Elias General dying and being buried, entered among the gunner's own return of guns fired, shows a salute of 12 guns marking his death and funeral, a military honour of the same kind fired for arrivals, departures and royal occasions elsewhere in these accounts, extended here to mark the loss of a member of the garrison itself.
150		147	1743 Aug.t Cash D.r to Sundry Acc.ts £314. ". 7 To Estate of John Bradley deceased for the amount the Sale of his Land and Effects at Publick Outery 94. ". 7 To John Godfrey for so much paid into the Hon.ble Companys Cash for Stores &c 220. ". " £ 314. ". 7 Estate of John Bradley deceased D.r to Cash £5. 9. 1 For so much paid to John Spencer for the Maintenance of the Child 5. 9. 1 Sundry Acc.ts D.r to Robert Wright £282. 16. 5½ Cash & Stores paid into the Hon.ble Companys Books for Stores P.r Ship Britannia £16. 19. 11 Onslow 3. 8. 1 Augusta 23. 7. 10½ Wilmington 17. 4. 7 Princess Mary 20. 19. 8 Houghton 1. 10. " 85. 7. 11½ 197. 8. 5½ £ 282. 16. 5 G. G. Powell John Godfrey Rob.t Wright	1743, August. Cash owed sundry accounts £314 0s 7d. To the estate of John Bradley, deceased, for the amount of the sale of his land and effects at public auction, £94 0s 7d. To John Godfrey for so much paid into the honourable company's chest and stores, £220 0s 0d. Total £314 0s 7d. Estate of John Bradley, deceased, owed cash £5 9s 1d, for so much paid to John Spencer for the maintenance of the children. Sundry accounts owed Robert Wright £282 16s 5d, for cash by him paid into the honourable company's chest for shipping stores. By ship Britannia, £16 19s 11d. Onslow, £3 8s 10d. Augusta, £23 7s 10½d. Wilmington, £17 4s 7d. Princess Mary, £20 19s 8d. Houghton, £1 10s 0d. Total £85 7s 11½d. Total £282 16s 5d. Governor Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright.
151		148	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the [...] Sept.r 1743 Present G. G. Powell Esq.r Governour John Godfrey 2.d of Council Robert Wright 3.d of Council The Last Consultation was Read and approved The Last Will and Testament of Mary Skrews who died on or about [...] was this Day presented by the Deacon requesting the same might be proved with was accordingly done upon the Oath of Richard Beale the only Living Witness thereto The Will is as follows viz.t In the Name of God Amen This 1.st day of September 1742 I Mary Skrews of the Island S.t Helena being Sick Weak of Body but of perfect mind & memory Do make Ordain and appoint this my Last Will & Testament Maker be say first & principally I God and Recommend my Soul into the Hands of Almighty God, my Body I Committ to the Earth to be buried in a Christian like & decent manner, my Worldly Goods I give devise & Disposye of in the manner and form as followeth Imprimis I Give to my Grand Son James Eastrope the Sume of fifty pounds to be delivered him at Age or Marriage Item I give to Dorcas Bryan One Shilling Item I Mary the Wife of Richard Master I give the Sume of five pounds Item To Richard Beale I give the Sume of five pounds Item all the rest and remainder of my Estate real or in what kind soever I give my Well beloved Son James Eastrope when Appoint Exor of that my Last Will Utterly revoking and disannulling all former Will or Wills by me made ratifying and Confirming this & no other to be my Last Will and Testament Mary Skrews Signed Sealed and Declared to be Mary Skrews's Last Will & Testament in the presence of us John Wizzall Richard Beale	A consultation was held on Tuesday, September 1743. Present: Governor Powell, John Godfrey second of council, Robert Wright third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. The last will and testament of Mary Screws, who had died on or about the first day of September 1742, was that day presented by the executor, who asked that it might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the oath of Richard Beale, the only living witness to it. The will read as follows. Mary Screws of the island of St Helena, being sick and weak of body but of perfect mind and memory, made, ordained and appointed this her last will and testament in manner following. She first and principally recommended her soul into the hands of almighty God, and her body to be buried in a Christian-like and decent manner. As touching her worldly goods, she gave, devised and disposed of them in the manner and form following. She gave to her grandson James Estridge the sum of fifty pounds, to be delivered to him at age or marriage. She gave to Dorcas Bryan one shilling. She gave to Mary, wife of Richard Mostyn, the sum of five pounds. She gave to Richard Beale the sum of five pounds. She gave all the rest and remainder of her estate, real and personal, whatsoever, to her well beloved son James Estridge, whom she appointed sole executor of that her last will and testament, revoking and disannulling all former wills made by her, ratifying and confirming this to be her last will and testament. Mary Screws signed with her mark. Signed, sealed and declared as Mary Screws' last will and testament in the presence of John Wizzall and Richard Beale. Governor Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright. Interpretations The council's reliance on a single surviving witness, Richard Beale, to prove a will made a year earlier reflects the practical difficulty of proving testamentary documents on a small island where witnesses might die, depart or otherwise become unavailable before the maker's death came to be administered, requiring the ordinary rule of multiple corroborating witnesses to give way to whatever evidence remained.
152		149	The Last Will & Testament with the Codicil annexed of Richard Gurling who died on or about [...] was this day also presented by the Deacon requesting the same might be proved with was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto, The Will and Codicil are as followeth Viz.t In the Name of God Amen This 6.th day of Nov.r in the Year of our Lord 1742 I Robert Gurling Son of the Island S.t Helena Planter being Sick & Weak of Body but of sound & perfect mind & memory (thanks be to Almighty God) Do make & Ordain this my Last Will and Testament that is to say Principally & first of all I give & recommend my Soul unto the hands of Almighty God, My Body I Committ to the Earth to be buried in a Christian like Decent manner, My worldly Goods wherewith it has pleased God to bless me with I give Devise & Dispose of in the manner and form as followeth Imprimis To my well beloved Wife I give the One half of my Real Estate during her natural Life and also the One third of my Personal Estate to be after disposed, Also give her my Change of Goats in Peak Gutt during her life for the Benefit of herself & Children Item I give to two of my Eldest namely Robert, Elizabeth Margarett, Rebecca, & my Youngest Daughter (not yet Baptized whose Name is Designed Martha) the Sume of £30. to be equally divided among them & to them all at age or Marriage Item all the Rest and remaining part of my Estate both Real & Personal as well that part of Real Estate possessed by my Wife after her Death I give to my Wellbeloved Children Namely Richard Robert, John, Christopher, my Sons Mary, Elizabeth, Frances, Margarett, Rebecca, and Martha my Daughters to be equally divided I hand them as they come to age for Marriage, And in Case of the Death of any of my Children before age or Marriage, whether he or part be equally divided among the Survivors, remaining in the Sum of £30. given before of any Children if the Death of either of them should happen I those Consider the said Fifty pounds to the Survivors of them five, But as my Lands being had little for Sotels my said Children upon which divided I therefore give the request of my Land to my Son Robert at a reasonable Valuation he paying my said Brothers & Sisters their proper shares & Dividends at the Divided above on hand and likewise the Change of my Goats I give him at Valuation at the Death of my Wife, Lastly I nominate and appoint my Good friend Mess.rs John Do Jourdain	The last will and testament, with the codicil annexed, of Richard Gurling, who had died on or about [...], was that day also presented, and the executors asked that it might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the oaths of the witnesses to it. The will and codicil read as follows. Robert Gurling, son of the island of St Helena, planter, being sick and weak of body but of sound and perfect mind and memory, thanks be to almighty God, made, ordained and appointed this his last will and testament in manner and form following. He first and principally gave and recommended his soul into the hands of almighty God, and his body he committed to the earth to be buried in a Christian-like and decent manner. As touching his worldly goods, he gave, devised and disposed of them in the manner and form following. He first gave to his well beloved wife the one half of his real estate during her natural life, and also the one third part of his personal estate to be at her own disposal, and also gave her the benefit of keeping goats in Sandy Gut during her life for the benefit of herself and children. He gave to five of his children, namely Robert, Elizabeth, Margaret, Bezorn and his youngest daughter, not yet baptised, whose name was designed to be Martha, the sum of £30 each, to be equally divided among them and paid when they came of age or married. He gave all the rest and remaining part of his estate, both real and personal, as well that part of his real estate possessed by his wife after her death, to his six well beloved children, namely William, Nathaniel, Richard, Robert, John, Christopher, and his daughters Mary, Elizabeth, Frances, Margaret, Rebecca and Martha, to be equally divided and shared among them as they came of age or married. In case any of his children should happen to die before coming of age or marriage, their share was to be equally divided among the survivors, saving that in case of the death of any of them, £30 out of five pounds should be given before the rest to the survivor of them. He gave his son Robert, at a reasonable valuation, so long as his brothers and sisters had proper shares in his dividend at the divide, as above on hand, and likewise the range of his goats, to be given him at valuation at the death of his wife. Lastly, he nominated and appointed his good friends Mr John [...] as executors. Interpretations Dividing the personal estate between an immediate cash legacy of £30 to five specific children and a larger residuary share among all six children, some clearly of different ages given the youngest was as yet unbaptised, reflects a father providing an early, fixed sum to establish younger or particularly favoured children while leaving the bulk of the estate to be shared once every child had come of age or married. The provision that a deceased child's share should pass to the survivors, with priority given ahead of the rest, addressed the real risk that a beneficiary named in a will made years before its administration might not live to inherit, ensuring the estate did not fracture into ever smaller portions through unforeseen deaths among the children.
153		150	Desfountain and Gabriel Farrer, my Sons Richard and Robert Executors to this my Will Utterly revoking & Disannulling all former Will or Wills made by me heretofore Ratifying and Confirming this & no other to be my Last Will & Testament Signed Sealed & declared as the Last Will & Testament of him the said Rob.t Gurling in the presence of us Robert Gurling Stephen X Lufkin Jun.r Mark Martha Lufkin Richard Beale I Robert Gurling by vertue & Power reserved in my Last Will & Testament bearing date Nov.r 6. 1742, Do hereby direct that this Codicil made the 4.th Feb.ry 1742 shall be Taken and Esteemed as part of my said Will & Testament viz.t I do hereby give to my Well beloved Wife, a Black Girl named Money but as John Talbed to her And as this pleased God to be my Son Robert when I had appointed one of my Executors Do hereby Nominate and appoint my good friend Richard Bagley Executor to Act Jointly with the other Werks most concerned in my Will Item my said Deceased Son Robert having been very Dutifull & Industrious and Willing to Incourage and Indulged him is far as to raise a Stock of Cattle upon my Lands together with Indulgence with Effects he gave away at his Death to his Brothers & Sisters Verbally But in his all his hazard Foreball Will shall not Stand good in Law and that either of my Sons should protend to bar the Same to their Advantage I do hereby bare and exclude that in favor of any part of my Estate not out of my Prejudice or Ill Will but by reason that my said Son Robert's Effects being raised out of my Estate And I having a Numerous family of Young Children that it would be a great Prejudice to my said Family if he should have a Third part of my Estate N.B The Interlining in this Codicil was do before the Signing Robert Gurling Signed in the presence of Orlando Bagley Jn.o Wurrall Richard Beale This Day the Sons of Robert Gurling and the Sons of John Warrall applyed to us for a Determination how the Estate of the [...]	He nominated Desfountain and Gabriel Farrer, his sons Richard and Robert, executors to that his will, hereby revoking and disannulling all former wills or testaments made by him heretofore, ratifying and confirming this and no other to be his last will and testament. Robert Gurling signed, sealed and declared the above to be his last will and testament in the presence of Stephen Lufkin junior, who signed with his mark, Martha Lufkin and Richard Beale. Robert Gurling, by virtue of the power reserved to him in his last will and testament bearing date 6 November 1742, hereby directed that this codicil, made the fourth day of [...] 1742, should be taken and esteemed as part of his last will and testament, as follows. He hereby gave to his well beloved wife a black girl named Money, but if she died before her, then to his son Robert, whom he appointed one of his executors, and he hereby nominated and appointed his good friend Richard Bagley executor, to act jointly with the others where most needed in his will. Robert Gurling recorded that his son Robert, having been very dutiful and industrious and, being willing to encourage and indulge him, had asked to raise a stock of cattle upon his lands together with such assistance as he could give him, but that his brothers and sisters, verbally displeased with this, had told him their brothers should not stand good in law and that neither of his sons should prosecute or bar the same. He hereby barred and excluded that, from any part of his estate, not out of any prejudice, but lest by reason of his said son Robert's effects being raised out of his estate, and having a numerous family of young children, it would be a great prejudice to his said family if it should have a lesser part of his estate. He noted that the interlining in this codicil was done before the signing. Robert Gurling signed in the presence of Orlando Bagley, John Wizzall and Richard Beale. That day the heirs of Robert Gurling and the heirs of John Wizzall applied to the council for a determination as to how the estate of the late [...] Interpretations The codicil bequeathing a slave named Money to Gurling's wife, with the alternative that she pass to his son Robert if the wife died first, treated her as an item of transferable property alongside the cattle and land dealt with elsewhere in the will, a bequest handled through the same testamentary mechanism used for any other asset. Gurling's decision to bar his son Robert from raising a separate stock of cattle on the estate, despite acknowledging his diligence and industry, and despite having originally been willing to indulge him, shows a father overriding his own inclination toward one favoured child once the rest of the family objected, protecting the shares due to his other, more numerous descendants against the risk that Robert's separate enterprise might later be treated as drawn from the estate itself.
154		151	Late John Warrall's Wife who died Intestate should be disposed of, whether he Robert Gurling (who Intermarried with one of the Daughters of the said John Warrall by his said Wife who is Dead) before her, or whether should as his Wife died are afored be entitled to a Child's part of the said Estate or not; And if not whether the Heirs of the said Robert Gurling by his said Wife should be entitled thereto, Upon a full hearing of both parties We apprehended that as Robert Gurling & said Wife was Dead before her said Mother that his right to a Child's part ceased and became vested in his Heirs by his said Wife, if any had lived so the said Share by said Heirs of the said Robert Gurling by his said Wife accordingly On the 21. last Month passed by a Dutch Ship without Bringing to or sending any News On the 27. of the last Month passed by another Dutch Ship but neither Brought to or gave an opportunity of sending or Hearing any thing This Day the Paymaster acquainted us that the Ensuing Saturday was the Day appointed for paying the Garrison & for that End sending the 20.th day of last Month & desired us to Issue out Money for that purpose which was agreed should be done accordingly by the Accountant The Governour This Day repeated That being at a loss for bringing Lime round toward the Fortifications on Account of the Person who commanded the Sloop that being Sick the White People working at Ruperts Fortification should in the Interim be Employed in finishing the Sloop & that Bricks should be Employed in Burning Lime and that the Platforms should be laid and four Two & Thirty Pounders mounted with all Convenient Expedition We then came to a Resolution as soon as any Day are near to take an exact Inventory of the Stores in Order to bring the same into our New Books of Accounts Commencing the 1.st Instant &	Late John Warrall's Wife who died Intestate should be disposed of, whether he Robert Gurling (who Intermarried with one of the Daughters of the said John Warrall by his said Wife who is Dead) before her, or whether should as his Wife died are afored be entitled to a Child's part of the said Estate or not; And if not whether the Heirs of the said Robert Gurling by his said Wife should be entitled thereto, Upon a full hearing of both parties We apprehended that as Robert Gurling & said Wife was Dead before her said Mother that his right to a Child's part ceased and became vested in his Heirs by his said Wife, if any had lived so the said Share by said Heirs of the said Robert Gurling by his said Wife accordingly On the 21. last Month passed by a Dutch Ship without Bringing to or sending any News On the 27. of the last Month passed by another Dutch Ship but neither Brought to or gave an opportunity of sending or Hearing any thing This Day the Paymaster acquainted us that the Ensuing Saturday was the Day appointed for paying the Garrison & for that End sending the 20.th day of last Month & desired us to Issue out Money for that purpose which was agreed should be done accordingly by the Accountant The Governour This Day repeated That being at a loss for bringing Lime round toward the Fortifications on Account of the Person who commanded the Sloop that being Sick the White People working at Ruperts Fortification should in the Interim be Employed in finishing the Sloop & that Bricks should be Employed in Burning Lime and that the Platforms should be laid and four Two & Thirty Pounders mounted with all Convenient Expedition We then came to a Resolution as soon as any Day are near to take an exact Inventory of the Stores in Order to bring the same into our New Books of Accounts Commencing the 1.st Instant &
155		152	We this day Issued out a Warrant to the Church Wardens to the Effect & in the form following Viz.t We the Governour & Council Do hereby further Warrant and Authorize you the Church Wardens for the Current Year to Collect and receive of the Inhabitants of this Island the Subscription Money Subscribed by them Heretofore or what may hereafter be Subscribed for the Use and purpose of Rebuilding the Church in the Country and further to set about & finish the said Church with all Convenient Expedition S.t Helena 4.th October 1743. G. G. Powell John Godfrey Rob.t Wright	The council that day issued out a warrant to the churchwardens to the effect and in the form following. The Governor and council further warranted and authorised the churchwardens for the current year to collect and receive of the inhabitants of the island the subscription money subscribed by them heretofore, or what might thereafter be subscribed, for the use and purpose of rebuilding the church in the country, and further to set about and finish the said church with all convenient expedition. St Helena, 4 October 1743. Governor Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright. Interpretations Funding the rebuilding of the country church through a voluntary subscription collected from the inhabitants, administered by churchwardens under a formal council warrant, shows the island's religious infrastructure supported by local contribution rather than met directly out of company funds, with the council's authority needed to give the collection an official standing.
156		153	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 5.th October 1743 at y.e Castle Present G. G. Powell Esq.r Governour John Godfrey 2.d of Council Robert Wright 3.d of Council The Last Consultation was Read and approved We then Issued out and Counted to the Paymaster out of the Hon.ble Companys Cash according to our Last Resolution the Sume of £1400 and took his Receipt for the same G. G. Powell John Godfrey Rob.t Wright	A consultation was held on Tuesday 5 October 1743 at the castle. Present: Governor Powell, John Godfrey second of council, Robert Wright third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. The council then paid out and counted to the paymaster, out of the honourable company's cash, according to their last resolution, the sum of £1,400, and took his receipt for the same. Governor Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright.
157		154	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 11.th October 1743 Present G. G. Powell Esq.r Governour John Godfrey 2.d of Council Robert Wright 3.d of Council The Last Consultation was Read and approved The Paymaster this Day brought in his Account of Payments for the Quarter ending the 30.th Day of September last which was Examined and proved and is as follows viz.t List of the Honourable Companys Servants upon the Island S.t Helena with their several Sallarys and Diet Money for the Months of July August and September last 1743 viz.t Names, Pay, Diet G. G. Powell Esq.r Gov.r: 125. ". " John Godfrey 2.d of Council: 25. ". " Rob.t Wright 3.d of Council: 20. ". " Edwin Alcock Chaplaid: 25. " Isaac Twynam Doctor: 7. 10 Matthew Darling D.o: 15. " James Powell: 12. 1. 3 Francis Wrangham Writers: 12. 1. 3 Joseph Darcal: 7. 10. " Tho.s French: 5. ". " 254. 2. 6 First Company James Scott Lieutenant: 10 Daniel Owen: 14. 11. 3 John Darton Ensigns: 14. 11. 3 Joseph Desfountain: 14. 11. 3 W.m Hayes Adjutant: 17. 1. 3 70. 15. " Serjeants W.m Seales: 6. 19. 6 Daniel Mason: 6. 19. 6, Diet 1. 16. 11½ Joseph Layton: 6. 19. 6, Diet 1. 18. 11½ Henry Whale: 6. 19. 6, Diet 1. 16. 11½ Joseph Whaley: Isaac Snipe Serjeant to 3. Aug.t £1. 12. 8½ D.o Serj.t from 3. to 30. Sept.r 4. 10. 5½: 6. 3. 12 41. ". 7½ Carried over £ 365. 18. 1½ Diet Carried over £ 3. 10. 9¾	A consultation was held on Tuesday 11 October 1743. Present: Governor Powell, John Godfrey second of council, Robert Wright third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. The paymaster that day brought in his account of payments for the quarter ending 30 September last, which was examined and approved and is as follows. A list of the honourable company's servants upon the island of St Helena with their several salaries and diet money for the months of July, August and September last 1743. Governor Powell, £125 0s 0d. John Godfrey, second of council, £25 0s 0d. Robert Wright, third of council, £20 0s 0d. Edwin Alcock, chaplain, £25 0s 0d. Elias Twyman, teacher, £7 10s 0d. Matthew Darling, teacher, £15 0s 0d. James Powell, £12 1s 3d. Francis Wrangham, £12 1s 3d. Joseph Darcal, writers, £7 10s 0d. Thomas French, £5 0s 0d. Total £254 2s 6d. First company. James Scott, lieutenant, £10 0s 0d. Daniel Owen, £14 11s 3d. John Barton, £14 11s 3d. Joseph Desfountain, ensigns, £14 11s 3d. William Hayes, adjutant, £17 1s 3d. Total £70 15s 0d. Sergeants. William Seales, £6 19s 6d. Daniel Mason, £6 19s 6d. Joseph Layton, £6 19s 6d. Henry Ibals, £6 19s 6d. Joseph Whaley, £6 19s 6d. Isaac Snipe, sergeant to 3 August, £1 12s 8¾d. Ditto sergeant from 3 to 30 September, £4 10s 5¾d. Total £41 0s 7½d. Carried over £365 18s 1½d. Diet carried over £3 10s 9¾d. Interpretations The distinction drawn between salary and diet money in the paymaster's list shows the company compensating its servants through two separate payments, a fixed wage and a further sum specifically for subsistence, with the two tracked in parallel columns rather than combined into a single figure, consistent with the earlier record of sixpence per man deducted for the hospital fund from the garrison's own pay. The gap in Isaac Snipe's entry, paid as sergeant only to 3 August and then again from 3 to 30 September, with no corresponding entry for the intervening weeks, points to either a promotion, suspension or absence from that rank during the missing period that the account itself does not explain.
158		155	Diet Brought over £ 5. 10. 9¾ Brought over £ 365. 18. 1½ Corporals Bartholomew Rolley: 4. 7. 9 Richard Farper: 4. 7. 9 W.m Dorrell: 4. 7. 9 Devin Ambrose: 4. 7. 9, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Jonathan Fullam: 4. 7. 9, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Joseph Bassett Corporal to 3. Aug.t to 30. Sept.r 2. 16. 8¾ D.o Corporal from 3.d to 30. Sept.r 2. 16. 8¾ 4. 2. 23 26. ". 0¾ Drummers Thomas Watts: 4. 7. 9 Tho.s London: 1. 15. " 6. 2. 9 2. ½ Centinels W.m Adams: 3. 8. 3 James Illis: 3. 8. 3 Thomas Alcock: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Peter Balk: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Andrew Barton: 3. 8. 9, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Brown Sen.r: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Brown Jun.r: 3. 8. 3 Richard Bishop: 3. 8. 3 Daniel Bath: 3. 8. 3 George Bennett: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Micah Brightwelle: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ George Clark: 3. 8. 3 Henry Taylor: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Henry Larker: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Matt. Gunnold: 3. 8. 3 Daniel Uncil: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Robert Terry: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Walter Ex[...]: 3. 8. 3 Peter Cummins: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Campbell: 3. 8. 3 68. 5. " Carried over £ 466. 6. 10½ Diet Carried over £ 31. 9. 11¾	Diet brought over £3 10s 9¾d. Brought over £365 18s 1½d. Corporals Bartholomew Rolley, £4 7s 9d. Richard Farper, £4 7s 9d. William Dorrill, £4 7s 9d. Bevin Ambrose, £4 7s 9d. Jonathan Pallam, £4 7s 9d. Joseph Wedgett, corporal to 3 August, £5 6d. Ditto corporal from 3 August to 30 September, £2 16s 8¾d. Total £4 2s 3d. Total £26 0s 1¾d. Drummers Thomas Watts, £4 7s 9d. Thomas London, £1 15s 0d. Total £6 2s 9d. Sentinels William Adams, £3 8s 3d. James Willis, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Alcock, £3 8s 3d. Peter Balk, £3 8s 3d. Andrew Barton, £3 8s 9d. John Brown senior, £3 8s 3d. John Brown junior, £3 8s 3d. Richard Wilkes, £3 8s 3d. Daniel Bath, £3 6s 3d. George Bennett, £3 8s 3d. Michael Brightwell, £3 8s 3d. George Clark, £3 8s 3d. Henry Foster, £3 0s 3d. Henry Larker, £3 8s 3d. Matthew Gunnold, £3 8s 3d. Daniel Vincil, £3 8s 3d. Robert Perry, £3 8s 0d. Walter Ex, £3 8s 3d. Peter Cummins, £3 8s 3d. William Campbell, £3 8s 3d. Total £69 5s 0d. Carried over £466 6s 10½d. Diet carried over £31 9s 11¾d.
159		156	Diet Brought over £ 31. 9. 11¾ Brought over £ 466. 6. 10½ Anthony Eastcal: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Anthony Day: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ James English: 3. 8. 3 John Ellis: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John [...]: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Thomas Fuller: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Jonathan Jobby: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Sam.l Harrieson dead 29. Sept.r: 3. 6. 9 Francis Hayes: 3. 0. 3 John Gurling: 3. 8. 3 Giles Marks: 3. 8. 3 Tho.s Hodges: 3. 8. 3, Diet 2. ½ Daniel Sanchez: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John James Jun.r: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Evan Innor: 3. 8. 3 John Innes Sen.r: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ William Innes: 3. 8. 3 Septha Armain: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Solomon Jacobs: 3. 8. 3 Rich.d Kent: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John King: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Tho.s Kendrick: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Barrs: 3. 8. 3 Tho.s Laird: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 4. 6 Tho.s Legg: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 6. 7½ Daniel Langton: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Abraham Landaw: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Moor: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Madge: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Tho.s Payne: 3. 8. 3 Nath.l Pascall: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. ". 6 John Sears: 3. 8. 3 W.m Price: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ James Richardson: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Benjamin Bal: 3. 8. 3 John Sotcher: 3. 8. 3 122. 15. 6 Carried over £ 589. 2. 4½ Diet Carried over £ 71. 3. 10.	Diet brought over £31 9s 11¾d. Brought over £466 6s 10½d. Anthony Castiel, £3 8s 3d. Anthony Day, £3 8s 3d. James English, £3 8s 3d. John Ellis, £3 8s 3d. John Fry, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Fuller, £3 8s 3d. Jonathan Jobb, £3 8s 3d. Sam Harveston, died 30 September, £3 6s 9d. Francis Fayes, £3 6s 9d. John Girling, £3 8s 3d. Giles Fluker, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Hodges, £3 8s 3d. Daniel Aanchee, £3 8s 3d. John Jones senior, £3 8s 3d. Evan Innor, £3 8s 3d. John Jones senior, £3 8s 3d. Wilshire Jones, £3 8s 3d. Nepthali Irmain, £3 8s 3d. Solomon Jacobs, £3 8s 3d. Richard Kent, £3 8s 3d. John King, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Kendrick, £3 8s 3d. John Davis, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Baird, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Ligg, £3 8s 3d. Daniel Langton, £3 8s 3d. Abraham Landau, £3 8s 3d. William Moor, £3 8s 3d. John Midge, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Payne, £3 8s 3d. Nathaniel Pascall, £3 8s 3d. John Sears, £3 8s 3d. William Price, £3 8s 3d. James Richardson, £3 8s 3d. Benjamin Bat, £3 8s 3d. John Fletcher, £3 8s 3d. Total £122 15s 6d. Carried over £589 2s 4½d. Diet carried over £71 3s 10¾d. Interpretations Sam Harveston's entry, recording his death on 30 September within the same list of ordinary quarterly pay, shows the paymaster settling a soldier's account up to the exact date of his death rather than omitting the final part-quarter owed to him, treating a death mid-quarter as a routine bookkeeping matter to be closed out rather than a reason to withhold or complicate his remaining pay.
160		157	Diet Brought over £ 71. 3. 10¾ Brought over £ 589. 2. 4½ Daniel Serjeant: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Rich: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Sprake: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Arnold Sassori: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Simpson: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Spencer: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Tavaits: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Upton: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Gob Van Osten: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ James Vaughan Sen.r: 3. 8. 3 Tho.s Wagh: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Willis: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Tho.s Watson: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ 44. 7. 3 Second Company Tho.s Fashions Lieutenant: 12. 10 John Do Jourdain: 14. 11. 3 Rob.t Kirkpatrick Ensigns: 14. 11. 3 Tho.s Bagley Serj.t to 3. August 2. 12. 1½ D.o Do Serj.t from 3.d to 30. Sept.r 9. 8. 2½: 12. ". " 53. 13. 5 Serjeants John Leach: 6. 19. 6 Tho.s Corkey: 6. 19. 6, Diet 1. 11. " W.m Buchman: 6. 19. 6, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ David Wilson: 6. 19. 6 Onesiphorus Beale: 6. 19. 6 John French Corporals 1. 12. 8½ D.o Serj.t from 4. 10. 3½: 6. 3. 1½ 41. 7½ Corporals Tho.s Twindall: 4. 7. 9 John Alrich: 4. 7. 9 Gab.l Isaac: 4. 7. 9 Sam.l Ashwich: 4. 7. 9, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Foliats Corporal to 2. 16. 8¾ D.o D.o Serj.t to 1. 5. 6: 4. 2. 2¾ James Long D.o Serj.t to D.o Corporal to 4. 2. 2¾ 25. 15. 5½ Carried over £ 753. 19. 1½ Diet Carried over £ 93. 15. 11¾	Diet brought over £71 3s 10¾d. Brought over £589 2s 4½d. Daniel Serjeant, £3 8s 3d. John Frisk, £3 6s 3d. John Sprake, £3 8s 3d. Arnold Fissori, £3 8s 3d. John Simpson, £3 6s 3d. John Spencer, £3 6s 3d. William Ewaits, £3 8s 3d. John Upton, £3 8s 3d. John Gale Van Osden, £3 8s 3d. James Vaughan senior, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Wright, £3 8s 3d. John Willis, £3 8s 3d. Richard Waddon, £3 8s 3d. Total £44 7s 3d. Second company Thomas Eastham, lieutenant, £12 0s 0d. John Desfountain, £14 11s 3d. Robert Kirkpatrick, ensigns, £14 11s 3d. Thomas Bagley, sergeant to 3 August, £2 12s 1¼d. Ditto sergeant from 3 August to 30 September, £9 8s 9¾d. Total £53 13s 5d. Sergeants John Loach, £6 19s 6d. Thomas Perkee, £6 19s 6d. William Dahman, £6 19s 6d. David Wilson, £6 19s 6d. Christopher Beale, £6 19s 6d. John French, corporal to, £1 12s 8¼d. Ditto sergeant from, £4 10s 8¾d. Total £41 7s 3d. Corporals Thomas Twindall, £4 7s 9d. John Alrick, £4 7s 9d. Gabriel Isaac, £4 7s 9d. Samuel Ashwick, £4 7s 9d. John Folkes, corporal to, £2 16s 8¾d. Ditto sentinel to, £1 5s 6d. James Long, sentinel to, £4 2s 2¼d. Ditto corporal to, £4 2s 2¼d. Total £25 15s 5½d. Carried over £753 19s 1¾d. Diet carried over £93 15s 11¾d.
161		158	Diet Brought over £ 93. 15. 11¾ Brought over £ 753. 19. 1½ Drummers W.m Comes: 4. 7. 9 W.m Davis: 4. 7. 9, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Centinels Joseph Andrews: 3. 8. 3 W.m Spicer: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ George Sorat: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Allis: 3. 8. 3 John Bark: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Beall: 3. 8. 3 Andrew Blindman: 3. 8. 3 John Bardin: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Peter Barker: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Buffotts: 3. 8. 3 W.m Barton: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Brown: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Tho.s Brock: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 2. 6 Tho.s Brown: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11½ W.m Dunfield: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Barrotts: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Brooks: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Philip Cattspole: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Tho.s Cope: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Nicholas Cope: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Care: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Deary: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Dripper: 3. 8. 3 Edmund Dunfield: 3. 8. 3 Tho.s Draper: 3. 8. 3 W.m Dovoler: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Baron Dolny: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Evans: 3. 8. 3 Isaac Evans: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Samuel Cobb: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. ". 5 John George: 3. 8. 3 114. 11. 3 Carried over £ 868. 10. 4½ Diet Carried over £ 121. 13. 5½	Diet brought over £93 15s 11¾d. Brought over £753 19s 1¾d. Drummers William Comes, £4 7s 9d. William Davis, £4 7s 9d. Sentinels Joseph Andrews, £3 8s 3d. William Spicer, £3 8s 3d. George Scott, £3 8s 3d. William Ellis, £3 8s 3d. John Bush, £3 8s 3d. John Beale, £3 8s 3d. Andrew Bladman, £3 8s 3d. John Barden, £3 8s 3d. Peter Barker, £3 8s 3d. William Buffotto, £3 8s 3d. William Barton, £3 8s 3d. William Brown, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Burch, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Brown, £3 8s 3d. William Dunfield, £3 8s 3d. William Barrotte, £3 8s 3d. William Brooks, £3 8s 3d. Philip Caldspole, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Copp, £3 8s 3d. Nicholas Cope, £3 8s 3d. William Lare, £3 8s 3d. John Deary, £3 8s 3d. John Dripper, £3 8s 3d. Edmund Danfield, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Draper, £3 8s 3d. William Dobbler, £3 8s 3d. Barney Dolny, £3 8s 3d. John Evans, £3 8s 3d. Isaac Evans, £3 8s 3d. Samuel Cobb, £3 8s 3d. John George, £3 8s 3d. Total £114 11s 3d. Carried over £868 10s 4¼d. Diet carried over £121 13s 5½d.
162		159	Diet Brought over £ 141. 13. 5½ Brought over £ 868. 10. 4½ Christopher Garland: 3. 8. 3 Tho.s Griffis: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Gunn: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Holloway: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Henry Higgins: 3. 8. 3, Diet 12. 3 Joseph Hunt: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Dan.l Hayes: 3. 8. 3 Daniel Harnes: 3. 8. 3 Isaac Hadler: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Philip Hilliard: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ James Holt: 3. 8. 3 John Jayne: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 6. 7 Richard Knight: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ James Ledy: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Stephen Lupkin: 3. 8. 3 Tho.s Manning: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Morgan: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Robert Master: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Tho.s Monteague: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Manikley: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Murdock: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Nowes: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Tho.s Oliver: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Page: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Lawrence Peterson: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 18. 10¾ Stephen Powers: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 15. 11¼ John Puddermark: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Rutter died 30. July: 1. 2. 6 Edward Stroud: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Richard Smith: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Richard Twaits: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ James Vaughan Jun.r: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Jeremiah Wycoft: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Benj. Williams Sen.r: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Whitehead: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Benj. Williams Jun.r: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Peter Watts: 3. 8. 3 Rob.t Wright: 3. 8. 3 100. 16. " Carried over £ 999. 6. 4½ Diet Carried over £ 193. 18. 4¾	Diet brought over £121 13s 5½d. Brought over £868 10s 4¼d. Christopher Garland, £3 8s 9d. Thomas Griffis, £3 8s 3d. William Gunn, £3 8s 3d. John Holloway, £3 8s 3d. Henry Higgins, £3 8s 3d. Joseph Hunt, £3 8s 3d. David Hayes, £3 8s 3d. Daniel Barnes, £3 8s 3d. Isaac Hadley, £3 8s 3d. Philip Helliard, £3 8s 3d. James Hall, £3 8s 3d. John Jayne, £3 8s 3d. Richard Knight, £3 8s 3d. James Ledy, £3 8s 3d. Stephen Lufkin, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Manning, £3 8s 3d. John Morgan, £3 8s 3d. Robert Marlor, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Monteague, £3 8s 3d. John Menzies, £3 8s 3d. John Murdock, £3 8s 3d. William Howes, £3 8s 3d. Thomas Oliver, £3 8s 3d. William Page, £3 8s 3d. Lawrence Peterson, £3 8s 3d. Stephen Mowers, £3 8s 3d. John Puddermark, £3 8s 3d. John Rutter, died 30 July, £1 2s 6d. Edward Stroud, £3 8s 3d. Richard Smith, £3 8s 3d. Richard Twaite, £3 8s 3d. James Vaughan junior, £3 8s 3d. Jeremiah Wyrold, £3 8s 3d. Benjamin Williams senior, £3 8s 3d. John Whitehead, £3 8s 3d. Benjamin Williams junior, £3 8s 3d. Peter Watts, £3 8s 3d. Robert Wright, £3 8s 3d. Total £100 16s 0d. Carried over £999 6s 4¼d. Diet carried over £193 18s 4½d.
163		160	Diet Brought over £ 198. 18. 5¼ Brought over £ 999. 6. 4½ Artillery Company John French Master Gunner: 20. 10. " Isaac Leech Gunners Mate: 4. 7. 6 Tho.s Watts D.o: 4. 7. 6 Nathan Sample D.o: 4. 7. 6 Rob.t Word D.o: 4. 7. 6 Roger Swanson D.o: 4. 7. 6 W.m Ellingsworth D.r: 4. 7. 6 W.m Attonly to 3. Aug.t: 1. 12. 9½ D.o Gun.rs Mate to . 3. 2. 1¾ 4. 15. 10½ W.m Davis Sr. Gunn.r to 3. August: 1. 15. 10¾ D.o Gunn.rs Mate to 31 Sept.r: 54. 10. 4½ Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Major Jackson Quartor Gunner: 4. 7. 9, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Bridgeshell: 4. 7. 9, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Barrot: 4. 7. 9, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Ellingham: 4. 7. 9, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Spencer Sen.r: 4. 7. 7 John Bebage: 4. 7. 7, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Spencer Jun.r Gunner from the third August to 3. Sept.r: 2. 15. 11 M. Matterose from 1. July to 3.d: 1. 10. 11½ 4. 6. 3½ Walter Bridear D.o: 4. 6. 2¼, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ W.m Ridly Watts D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Rich.d Powell D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Rob.t Miller D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Butter D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Samuel Clark D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Joseph Aldswell D.o: 4. 1. 3 John Smith D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¾ Adam Melbourn D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 8. 7 W.m Turner D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Humphrey Nayle D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Francis Frosk D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Ely Coach D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Watkins D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Baker D.o: 4. 1. 3, Diet 1. 10. 7½ Ba.d Arnold Retind to 6. Aug: 1. 5. 6, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ D.o Watts from 6. to 31. Sept.r 2. 11. 9½ 8. 17. 3½ 100. 9. 8½ Carried over £ 1051. 6. 11 Diet Carried over £ 237. 11. 10	Diet brought over £198 18s 5½d. Brought over £999 6s 4¼d. Artillery company John French, master gunner, £20 10s 0d. Isaac Leech, gunner's mate, £4 17s 6d. Thomas Watts, ditto, £4 17s 6d. Nathan Sample, ditto, £4 17s 6d. Robert Word, ditto, £4 17s 6d. Roger Stevenson, ditto, £4 17s 6d. William Gillingsworth, ditto, £4 17s 6d. William Ashmead, gunner to 3 August, £1 12s 9¼d. Ditto gunner's mate to, £3 2s 1¾d. William Davis, gunner to 8 August, £1 15s 10½d. Ditto gunner's mate to 31 September, £4 15s 10¼d. Major Jackson, quarter gunner, £4 7s 9d. John Bridgenhell, £4 7s 9d. John Barnet, £4 7s 9d. John Ellingham, £4 7s 9d. John Spencer senior, £4 7s 7d. John Bebage, £4 7s 7d. John Spencer junior, gunner from the third of August to first, £2 15s 11d. Matthew Ross, from 1 July to 3 September, £1 10s 11½d. Walter Bedeau, ditto, £4 6s 3¼d. William Pratt, ditto, £4 1s 3d. Richard Bertel, ditto, £4 1s 3d. Peter Miller, ditto, £4 1s 3d. John Butler, ditto, £4 1s 3d. Samuel Nash, ditto, £4 1s 3d. Joseph Bidewell, ditto, £4 1s 3d. John Smith, ditto, £4 1s 3d. Adam Melbourn, ditto, £4 1s 3d. William Turner, ditto, £4 1s 3d. Humphrey Sagle, ditto, £4 1s 3d. Francis Bosk, ditto, £4 1s 3d. Ely Coach, ditto, £4 1s 3d. Robert Watkins, ditto, £4 1s 3d. John Baker, ditto, £4 1s 3d. Baird Arnold, retired to 3 August, £1 5s 6d. Ditto watch from 3 to 31 September, £2 11s 9¼d. Total £100 9s 8¼d. Carried over £1,051 6s 11d. Diet carried over £237 11s 10d.
164		161	Diet Brought over £ 237. 11. 10 Brought over £ 1054. 6. 11 James Aldridge Sent. to 3. Aug.t 1. 5. 6 D.o Mattery from 3.d to 31. Sept.r 2. 11. 9½: 3. 17. 3½ James Prichard D.o: 3. 17. 3½, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Bunn D.o: 3. 17. 3½, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ John Johnson D.o: 3. 17. 3½, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ Tho.s Rider D.o: 3. 17. 3½, Diet 1. 16. 11¼ 19. 6. 11¾ Samuel Doveton: 15. ". " John Tuvvit Overseers: 7. 10. " Richard Timbley: 6. 5. " Richard Godfrey: 7. 10. " Cha.s Clarke Surgeon dead 3. August: 3. 12. 6 James Dubois D.r Mate: 18. 15. " John Hanson Custom Master: 1. 5. " W.m Rice Clark: 3. 8. 3 James Yange Armourer: 12. 1. 3 James Hedgwood D.r Mate: 7. 10. " Henry Meyce Carpenter: 12. 10. " John Attingsball Coxswain: 7. 10. " Henry Higgins Innskeeper: 7. 2. " T. Bygrove Marshall to 19. July: ". 18. 3½ John [...] Coch. to 19. July: [...] 4. 3 D.o Marshall from 19. to 3. Sept.r: 3. 11. 4¾ 4. 4. 7¾ Richard Beale Schoolmaster: 3. 8. 3 W.m Hayes D.o of Arms: 6. 5. " Nicholas Peatson Steward: 7. 10. " W.m Donsop Gardner: 9. 11. 3 John Barter D.r sey at Fortifications: 6. 5. " W.m Hovis Limeblaster: 7. 10. " A Black Cooper: 7. 16. 6 Tho.s Kirkpatrick Steward for Hospital: 5. ". " 163. 5. 11 Carried over £ 1336. 19. 2¾ Diet Carried over £ 249. 1. 9¾	Diet brought over £237 11s 10d. Brought over £1,051 6s 11d. James Aldridge, sentinel to 3 August, £1 5s 6d. Ditto matross from 3 to 31 September, £2 11s 9¼d. James Prichard, ditto, £3 7s 3¼d. John Bunn, ditto, £3 7s 3¼d. John Johnson, ditto, £3 7s 3¼d. Thomas Cuder, ditto, £3 7s 3¼d. Total £19 6s 8¼d. Samuel Doveton, overseers, £15 0s 0d. John Twaits, £7 10s 0d. Richard Twaley, overseers, £6 5s 0d. Richard Godfrey, £7 10s 0d. Charles Clarke, surgeon, died 3 August, £3 12s 6d. James Dubois, mate, £18 15s 0d. John Hanson, custom master, £1 5s 0d. William Rice, clerk, £3 8s 3d. James Sange, armourer, £12 1s 3d. James Hedgwood, mate, £7 10s 0d. Henry Moyce, carpenter, £12 10s 0d. John Artingball, coxswain, £7 10s 0d. Henry Higgins, houskeeper, £7 2s 0d. T. Egrove, marshall to 19 July, £0 18s 3¼d. John [...], to 19 July, £4 1s 3d. Ditto marshall from 19 July, £3 11s 4¾d. Richard Beale, schoolmaster, £3 8s 3d. William Hayes, man of arms, £6 5s 0d. Nicholas Peatler, steward, £7 10s 0d. William Donso, gardener, £9 11s 3d. John Barker, overseer at fortifications, £6 5s 0d. William Howis, limeblaster, £7 10s 0d. A. Black, cooper, £7 16s 6d. Thomas Kirkpatrick, steward to the hospital, £5 0s 0d. Total £163 5s 11d. Carried over £1,336 19s 2¼d. Diet carried over £249 1s 7¼d.
165		162	Diet Brought over £ 249. 1. 7½ Brought over £ 1336. 19. 2¾ Superannuated Joseph Whaley Serjant: 3. 8. 3 John Hanson D.o: 3. 8. 3 W.m Burnham D.o: 3. 8. 3 Isaac Fargerton Late Gunner: 3. 8. 3 George Lindsy Drummer: 3. 8. 3 Rich.d Snipe Centinel: 3. 8. 3, Diet 1. 16. 11¾ Margaret Godwin at £2. 15. " 35. 9. 6 Totall Pay £ 1372. 8. 8¾ Totall Diet £ 250. 18. 6¼ Account of Blacks Labour at the Fortifications D.o due To the following persons for the Months of July August and September 1743 viz.t G. G. Powell Esq.r: 7. 16. 6 Mrs Bagatelle: 7. 6. 13. " James Cowell: 3. 7. " Sam.l Doveton: 3. 15. " John French Sen.r: 2. 10. " W.m Seal: 3. 17. " John Spencer: 2. 15. " John Desfountain: 1. 13. 11 Joseph Desfountain: 3. 11. " Esther Silvera: 7. 10. " Simon Whaleys Orphans: 3. 9. " Richard Tinsley: 5. 13. " Charles Stewards Orphans: 12. 17. " Henry Boaler: 1. 16. " John Barton: 1. 11. " £ 87. 4. 6	Diet brought over £249 1s 7¼d. Brought over £1,336 19s 2¼d. Superannuated Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £3 8s 3d. John Hanson, ditto, £3 8s 3d. William Burnham, ditto, £3 8s 3d. Isaac Fugerston, late gunner, £3 8s 3d. George Lindsy, drummer, £3 8s 3d. Richard Snipe, sentinel, £3 8s 3d. Margaret Godwin, at two months, £15 0s 0d. Total £35 9s 6d. Total pay £1,372 8s 8¼d. Total diet £250 18s 6¼d. An account of blacks' labour at the fortifications, due to the following persons for the months of July, August and September 1743. George Gabriel Powell, Esquire, £74 16s 6d. Mrs Barfoot, £16 13s 0d. James Powell, £3 7s 0d. Samuel Doveton, £3 15s 0d. John French senior, £2 10s 0d. William Seal, £3 17s 0d. John Spencer, £2 15s 0d. John Desfountain, £2 14s 0d. Joseph Desfountain, £3 11s 0d. Eliza Screws, £3 10s 0d. Simon Whaley's orphans, £5 9s 0d. Richard Insley, £5 13s 0d. Charles Stewart's orphans, £12 17s 0d. Henry Beale, £1 11s 0d. John Barton, £0 0s 0d. Total £87 4s 6d. Interpretations The list of superannuated servants receiving pay despite their reduced or former status, alongside Margaret Godwin drawing £15 at two months with no rank attached, shows the company maintaining a standing pension obligation to its long-serving or incapacitated servants and their dependants, distinct from the active pay rolls listed on the preceding pages. The account of blacks' labour, crediting individual planters and even the orphans of deceased residents for slave work performed at the fortifications, shows the company hiring slave labour from private owners across the island for public works, paying the owner directly for the labour of slaves who were not themselves company property.
166		163	Account of Soldiers Labour at the Fortifications Viz.t Tho.s Brown: 3. 10. " Reuben Powers: 3. 10. " W.m Gann: 3. 2. " John Sagat: 2. 14. " John Manickey: 2. 14. " Nicholas D.o: [...] 3. " John Murdock: 3. 5. " Rob.t Curry: 3. 5. " W.m Bonford: 3. 2. " Henry Carter: 2. 13. " Matt Ambosh: 2. 18. " Edward Wood: 2. 12. " John Jones Sen.r: 1. 8. " John Upton: 2. 7. " Edward Stroud: 3. 3. " John Deary: 1. 13. " Daniel Farmer: 2. 8. " Tho.s Griffis: 2. 8. " James Ledy: 2. 9. " W.m Barton: 2. 19. " Benj. Williams Jun.r: 2. 6. " Daniel Serjeant: 2. 13. " John King: 2. 15. " John Simpson: 2. 15. " Evan Innes: 2. 13. " John [...]: 2. 8. " Joseph Hunt: 2. 19. " W.m Turner: 2. 19. " John Beale: 2. 12. " Tho.s Wright: 2. 14. " G. Bendoll: [...] 6. " James Vaughan: 2. 17. " Tho.s Cobb: 2. 15. " W.m Davis: [...] 4. " John Morgan: 2. 13. " Tho.s Wagg: 2. 18. " Jonathan Jobby: 2. 10. " Tho.s Fuller: 2. 4. " Peter Watts: 2. 4. " Devin Ambrose: 2. 14. " John Bardin: 2. 8. " Anthony Day: [...] 19. " Tho.s Payne: 1. 15. " Rob.t Montagues: 1. 13. " John Ellis: [...] 3. " Rich.d Kent: [...] 3. " James Whitehead: [...] £ 100. 8. "	An account of soldiers' labour at the fortifications. Thomas Brown, £3 10s 10d. Reuben Powers, £3 3s 2d. William Gunn, £3 3s 2d. Josh Sayle, £2 14s 2d. John Manniekey, £3 14s 2d. Nicholas Cope, £0 3s 5d. John Murdoch, £3 3s 5d. Robert Furry, £3 3s 5d. William Bonford, £3 2s 5d. Henry Carter, £2 18s 0d. Matt Ambrose, £2 12s 8d. Edward Wood, £1 8s 7d. John Jones senior, £1 2s 7d. John Upton, £2 3s 1d. Edward Stroud, £3 2s 13d. John Deary, £1 1s 0d. Daniel Farmer, £2 8s 0d. Thomas Griffis, £2 8s 0d. James Ledy, £2 6s 19d. William Barton, £2 13s 6d. Benjamin Williams junior, £2 13s 0d. Daniel Serjeant, £2 15s 6d. John King, £2 15s 8d. John Simpson, £2 15s 9d. Evan Innor, £2 15s 8d. John [...], £2 8s 5d. Joseph Grant, £2 19s 5d. William Turner, £2 12s 4d. John Beale, £2 12s 6d. Thomas Wright, £2 14s 6d. George Bondsett, £2 6s 0d. James Vaughan, £2 17s 15d. Thomas Peed, £0 4s 0d. William Davis, £1 13s 0d. John Morgan, £2 13s 18d. Thomas Wagg, £2 10s 6d. Jonathan Goddy, £2 8s 4d. Thomas Fuller, £2 14s 0d. Peter Watts, £2 14s 8d. Bevin Ambrose, £0 19s 15d. John Bardin, £1 15s 1d. Anthony Day, £0 15s 3d. Thomas Fayes, £0 13s 1d. Robert Montague, £1 17s 3d. John Ellis, £1 3s 1d. Richard Kent, £0 3s 0d. James Whitehead, £0 0s 0d. Total £100 8s 0d.
167		164	D.r George Gabriel Powell Paymaster C.r To Cash for so much recd out of the Treasury £1400. ". " To D.o recd of the Soldiers for Diet furnished them from the Hon.ble Companys Stores Viz.t as p. Column 250. 18. 6¾ To D.o recd of Matthew Durling Ex.t his Bond 40. ". " To D.o recd of James Dubois for so much due upon the Hon.ble Companys Books 11. 15. " To D.o recd Account Charles Steward Owed for so much due upon the Hon.ble Companys Books 14. 10. " 66. 5. " To D.o recd of the Husband for y.e following Plantg For Yam Suckers sold out of the Hon.ble Companys Plantations ". 10. " For Yams sold out of the Hon.ble Comp.ys Plantations 9. ". " For a Mare Colt 1. 10. " For a Slave Girl sold Aged 16 Years 16. ". " For D.o Aged 4 Years 7. ". " 34. ". " £ 1751. 3. 6¾ By Cash for Sallarys &c paid y.e Hon.ble Companys Servants for y.e Quar.r ending 30. Sept.r particular as p. Column 1372. 8. 8¾ By D.o for 2 Expresses upon Alarms ". 10. " By D.o for a Saddle the Comp.y being entirely destitute 1. 15. " D.o mending the Flag.l ". 18. " D.o for Lemons this quarter 5. ". " D.o for making 3 Spannolls 1. 1. " D.o for Sawyers this Quarter 5. 12. " D.o for Soldiers Labour at Fortif.s at Ruperts this Qua.r 100. 8. " D.o for Blacks Labour this Qua.r 87. 4. 6 D.o for Taylors Work making & mending the Blacks Coats this quarter 3. 8. 3. " D.o for 8 China Dishes us.d in the Castle 2. ". " D.o for 71 Days allowance in the Castle for Servants as Usual 24. 13. 10½ 237. 5. 4½ By Ballance this Day paid into y.e Treasury 1609. 14. ¾ 141. 9. 6 £ 1751. 3. 6¾ Errors Excepted S.t Helena this 18.th Day of October 1743 P.r G. G. Powell Paymast.r	George Gabriel Powell, paymaster. To cash for so much received out of the treasury, £1,400 0s 0d. To ditto received of the soldiers for diet furnished them from the honourable company's stores as per column, £250 18s 6¾d. To ditto received of Matthew Purling on his bond, £20 0s 0d. To ditto received of James Dubois for so much due upon the honourable company's books, £11 15s 0d. To ditto received on account of Charles Steward, deceased, for so much due upon the honourable company's books, £14 10s 0d. Total £66 5s 0d. To ditto received of the husband for the following particulars: for yams stickers sold out of the honourable company's plantations, £0 10s 0d. For yams sold out of the honourable company's plantations, £9 0s 0d. For a mare colt, £1 10s 0d. For a slave girl sold, aged 16 years, £16 0s 0d. For ditto, aged 4 years, £7 0s 0d. Total £34 0s 0d. Total £1,751 3s 6¾d. By cash for salaries etc paid the honourable company's servants for the quarter ending 30 September, particulars as per column, £1,372 8s 8¼d. By ditto for 2 expresses upon alarms, £0 10s 0d. By ditto for a saddle, the company being entirely destitute, £1 15s 0d. Ditto mending the flag, £0 18s 0d. Ditto for lemons this quarter, £5 0s 0d. Ditto for making 3 spannells, £1 1s 0d. Ditto for sawyers this quarter, £5 12s 0d. Ditto for soldiers' labour at fortifications this quarter, £100 8s 0d. Ditto for blacks' labour this quarter, £87 4s 6d. Ditto for taylors' work making and mending the blacks' coats this quarter, £3 8s 3d. Ditto for 8 china dishes used in the castle, £2 0s 0d. Ditto for 71 days allowance in the castle for servants as usual, £24 13s 10½d. Total £237 5s 4½d. By balance that day paid into the treasury, £1,609 14s 0¾d. £141 9s 6d. Total £1,751 3s 6¾d. Errors excepted. St Helena, 18 October 1743. Per George Gabriel Powell, paymaster. Interpretations The account records the paymaster receiving funds not only from the company's own treasury but from private debts owed to him personally on bond, from soldiers' diet deductions, and from the husband's sale of company produce and livestock, including two slaves, a young girl and a child, sold on the company's account and folded into the same general pay fund used to cover salaries and garrison expenses. The fixed sum of £24 13s 10½d for 71 days' allowance in the castle for servants, distinct from the individually named salaries listed earlier in these accounts, shows the castle's domestic household staffed and provisioned as a standing daily charge rather than accounted for man by man in the same manner as the garrison's pay roll.
168		165	Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of September 1743 Viz.t Neat Cattle: Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total Sheep: Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total Goats: Ewes, Wethers, Kidds, Rams, Total Hogs: Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total Poultry: Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Total Horses: Horses, Mares, Total Remaining 1.st September: Bullocks 40, Cows 105, Heifers 41, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 53, Bulls 6, Total 302, Ewes 94, Wethers 27, Lambs 16, Rams 3, Total 140, Ewes 122, Wethers 16, Kidds 75, Rams 4, Total 217, Sows 20, Barrows 22, Shoats 28, Piggs 51, Boars 3, Total 124, Turkeys 48, Fowls 164, Ducks 20, Geese 8, Total 8, Horses 7, Mares 6, Total 14 Encreased in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 14, Bulls 0, Total 14, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wethers 0, Kidds 21, Rams 0, Total 21, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 6, Fowls 31, Ducks 12, Geese 0, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 40, Cows 105, Heifers 41, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 67, Bulls 6, Total 316, Ewes 94, Wethers 27, Lambs 16, Rams 3, Total 140, Ewes 122, Wethers 16, Kidds 96, Rams 4, Total 238, Sows 20, Barrows 22, Shoats 28, Piggs 51, Boars 3, Total 124, Turkeys 54, Fowls 195, Ducks 32, Geese 8, Total 8, Horses 7, Mares 6, Total 14 Killed in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 1, Bulls 0, Total 1, Ewes 0, Wethers 2, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 2, Ewes 4, Wethers 2, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 6, Sows 0, Barrows 3, Shoats 2, Piggs 2, Boars 0, Total 7, Turkeys 1, Fowls 10, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Died in D.o: Bullocks 40, Cows 105, Heifers 41, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 66, Bulls 6, Total 315, Ewes 94, Wethers 25, Lambs 16, Rams 3, Total 138, Ewes 118, Wethers 14, Kidds 96, Rams 4, Total 232, Sows 20, Barrows 19, Shoats 26, Piggs 49, Boars 3, Total 117, Turkeys 53, Fowls 185, Ducks 32, Geese 8, Total 8, Horses 8, Mares 6, Total 14 Remaining 30.th D.o: Bullocks 40, Cows 105, Heifers 41, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 66, Bulls 6, Total 315, Ewes 94, Wethers 25, Lambs 16, Rams 3, Total 138, Ewes 118, Wethers 14, Kidds 96, Rams 4, Total 232, Sows 20, Barrows 19, Shoats 26, Piggs 47, Boars 3, Total 115, Turkeys 53, Fowls 185, Ducks 32, Geese 7, Total 8, Horses 6, Mares 14, Total 14 Yams Expended at the several Plantations 30,000 57.lb Measly Pork thrown away One Male Child born the 18.th named Jack One female D.o D.o y.e 18. Named Mary E.E. p.r G. G. Powell Husband The Husband the Gunner and Steward this Day produced their Accounts for the Month of September last which were Severally Examined and proved and are as follows Viz.t	Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of September 1743. Neat cattle remaining on 1 September 1743: 40 bullocks, 105 cows, 41 steers, 26 heifers, 31 yearlings, 53 calves, 6 bulls, 302 total. Increased during September: 14 calves, 14 total. Total available: 40 bullocks, 105 cows, 41 steers, 26 heifers, 31 yearlings, 67 calves, 6 bulls, 316 total. Killed during September: 1 calf, 1 total. Died during September: 40 bullocks, 105 cows, 41 steers, 26 heifers, 31 yearlings, 66 calves, 6 bulls, 315 total. Remaining on 30 September 1743: 40 bullocks, 105 cows, 41 steers, 26 heifers, 31 yearlings, 66 calves, 6 bulls, 315 total. Sheep remaining on 1 September 1743: 94 ewes, 27 wethers, 16 lambs, 3 rams, 140 total. Increased during September: 21 lambs, 21 total. Total available: 94 ewes, 27 wethers, 16 lambs, 3 rams, 140 total. Killed during September: 2 wethers, 2 total. Died during September: 94 ewes, 25 wethers, 16 lambs, 3 rams, 138 total. Remaining on 30 September 1743: 94 ewes, 25 wethers, 16 lambs, 3 rams, 138 total. Goats remaining on 1 September 1743: 122 nannies, 16 billies, 75 kids, 4 rams, 217 total. Increased during September: 21 kids, 21 total. Total available: 122 nannies, 16 billies, 96 kids, 4 rams, 238 total. Killed during September: 4 nannies, 2 total. Died during September: 118 nannies, 14 billies, 96 kids, 4 rams, 232 total. Remaining on 30 September 1743: 118 nannies, 14 billies, 96 kids, 4 rams, 232 total. Hogs remaining on 1 September 1743: 20 sows, 22 barrows, 28 boars, 51 pigs, 3 boars, 124 total. Increased during September: 7 pigs, 1 boar, 10 total. Killed during September: 20 sows, 22 barrows, 28 boars, 51 pigs, 3 boars, 124 total, 3 barrows, 2 boars, 2 pigs, 7 total. Died during September: 20 sows, 19 barrows, 26 boars, 49 pigs, 3 boars, 117 total, 2 pigs, 2 total. Remaining on 30 September 1743: 20 sows, 19 barrows, 26 boars, 47 pigs, 3 boars, 115 total. Poultry remaining on 1 September 1743: 48 turkeys, 164 fowls, 20 ducks, 8 geese, 8 horses, 6 mares, 14 total. Increased during September: 6 turkeys, 31 fowls, 12 geese. Killed during September: 54 turkeys, 195 fowls, 32 ducks, 8 geese, 8 horses, 6 mares, 14 total, 1 fowl, 10 [...]. Died during September: 53 turkeys, 185 fowls, 32 ducks, 7 geese, 8 horses, 6 mares, 14 total, 1 goose. Remaining on 30 September 1743: 53 turkeys, 185 fowls, 32 ducks, 7 geese, 8 horses, 6 mares, 14 total. The account recorded 30,000 pounds of yams expended at the several plantations. It recorded 57 pounds of mealy pork thrown away. It recorded that one male child had been born on the 18th, named Jack, and one female child on the same day, named Mary. Powell signed the account as husband. The husband, the gunner and the steward that day produced their accounts for the month of September last, which were severally examined and proved and are as follows. Interpretations The record of two children born on the same day, one named Jack and one Mary, entered in the same monthly return as calves, lambs and kids, shows the account tracking births within the plantation's slave population using the same format as livestock increase, a pattern consistent with how the company's records elsewhere treated slaves as property to be counted, bought and sold alongside cattle and goats.
169		166	Guns fired, Shot fired, 9.lb, 6.lb, 4.lb, 3.lb, 2.lb, ½.lb, Powder Expended 10 To fireing at the Cask from the Line: Guns fired 20, Shot fired 20, 9.lb 0, 6.lb 0, 4.lb 0, 3.lb 0, 2.lb 20, ½.lb 0, Powder Expended [...] 17 To fireing at the Cask from the Line: Guns fired 20, Shot fired 22, 9.lb 0, 6.lb 2, 4.lb 0, 3.lb 2, 2.lb 0, ½.lb 0, Powder Expended 13 21 To an Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 9.lb 0, 6.lb 0, 4.lb 2, 3.lb 0, 2.lb 2, ½.lb 0, Powder Expended [...] 24 To Salute a Dutch Ship: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 9.lb 0, 6.lb 0, 4.lb 0, 3.lb 0, 2.lb 9, ½.lb 0, Powder Expended [...] 24 To fireing y.e Dutch Ship too: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 9.lb 0, 6.lb 0, 4.lb 0, 3.lb 0, 2.lb 9, ½.lb 0, Powder Expended [...] 26 To an Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 9.lb 0, 6.lb 0, 4.lb 2, 3.lb 0, 2.lb 2, ½.lb 0, Powder Expended 13 29 To Salute a Dutch Ship: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 9.lb 0, 6.lb 0, 4.lb 0, 3.lb 0, 2.lb 9, ½.lb 0, Powder Expended [...] 29 To fireing y.e Dutch Ship too: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 9.lb 0, 6.lb 0, 4.lb 0, 3.lb 0, 2.lb 9, ½.lb 0, Powder Expended [...] To priming: Powder Expended 14 To y.e Guard & Outforts & Exercising: Powder Expended [...] To blowing of Rocks: Powder Expended 20 Totall: Guns fired 76, Shot fired 45, 9.lb 2, 6.lb 24, 4.lb 4, 3.lb 15, 2.lb 4, ½.lb 30, Powder Expended [...] John French Gun.r Match . . . 28.lb Paper . . . 10.lb Lead Shott . . 10.lb Handspikes . 8 Sponge Staves 18 Sponge heads . 2 Rammer heads 3 Trucks . . . 2 Budge Barr. . 4 Tomkins . . 5 . . . 8 Cartridge Cases . 4 Priming Wires . 10 Gimblitts . . 4 Hammers . . 4 Thumbs . . 6 Thread . . 3 Twine . . 2 Nails . . 8 Punshedes . 1 Expended for the Use of the General Table in the Month of September 1743 Viz.t 37 Bottles Port Wine 3. 11. 3 24 . . . Mountain 1. 10. " 32 . . . Red Cape 3. 4. " 286 . . Small Beer 2. 3. 4½ 8 . . . Florence Oyl 1. ". " 100 Gallons Arrack 13. 10. " 268.lb Sugar 3. ". " 40.lb Sugar Candy ". 13. 4 2¾ Casks Flour 3. 16. 7 2.lb Pepper ". 1. 5 3 Bushells Salt ". 15. " 62.lb Salt Beef 1. 2. 2 68.lb Pork ". 12. 3 2 Sheep 1. ". " 6 Goats 1. 10. " 3 Hoggs ". 15. " 1 Calf . 6. " 2 Pigs . 7. 6 4 Chickens . 7. 6 2 Grose Corks . 4. 6 1 Gallons Train Oyl . 18. " 6 Gall. Brandy . 3. " 15.lb Biscuit Bread £ 39. 14. 2½	Gunners' stores expended in September 1743. 10 September, to firing at the fort from the line, 20 guns fired, 20 pounds powder expended. 17 September, to firing at the fort from the line, 22 guns fired, 22 pounds powder expended. 21 September, to an alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 pounds powder expended, 2 pounds powder expended, 13 pounds powder expended. 24 September, to salute a Dutch ship, 9 guns fired, 2 pounds powder expended, 9 pounds powder expended. 24 September, to firing the Dutch ship too, 9 guns fired, 2 pounds powder expended, 9 pounds powder expended, 8 pounds powder expended. 26 September, to an alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 pounds powder expended, 2 pounds powder expended, 13 pounds powder expended. 29 September, to salute a Dutch ship, 9 guns fired, 2 pounds powder expended, 9 pounds powder expended. 29 September, to firing the Dutch ship too, 9 guns fired, 2 pounds powder expended, 9 pounds powder expended. To priming, 14 pounds powder expended. To the guard, Culforts and exercising, 12 pounds powder expended. To blowing of rocks, 143 pounds powder expended. Total: 76 guns fired, 12 pounds powder expended, 2 pounds powder expended, 48 pounds powder expended, 4 pounds powder expended, 18 pounds powder expended, 236 pounds powder expended. John French, gunner. Match, 28 pounds. Paper, 10 pounds. Lead shot, 108 pounds. Handspikes, 12 pounds. Handspikes, 8. Sponge staves, 18. Bungeheads, 2. Rammer heads, 3. Trucks, 2. Budge barrels, 4. Tomkins, 5, £0 8s 0d. Cartridge cases, £0 4s 0d. Priming wires, £0 10s 0d. Gimblets, £0 4s 0d. Hammers, £0 4s 0d. Thumbs, £0 6s 0d. Thread, £0 3s 0d. Twine, £0 2s 8d. Nails, £0 8s 0d. Bungshides, £0 1s 0d. Expended for the use of the general table in the month of September 1743. 37 bottles port wine, £3 11s 3d. 24 bottles mountain, £1 10s 0d. 32 bottles red cape, £1 4s 0d. 286 bottles small beer, £2 3s 4½d. 8 bottles Florence oil, £1 13s 0d. 100 gallons arrack, £13 10s 0d. 268 pounds sugar, £3 13s 4d. 40 pounds sugar candy, £3 16s 0d. 2¾ casks flour, £3 16s 7d. 2 pounds pepper, £1 1s 3d. 3 bushels salt, £0 15s 0d. 63 pounds salt beef, £6 2s 2d. 68 pounds pork, £9 2s 2d. 2 sheep, £1 0s 3d. 6 goats, £1 3s 0d. 3 hogs, £0 15s 0d. 1 calf, £0 6s 0d. 2 pigs, £0 10s 0d. 4 chickens, £0 7s 6d. 2¼ gross corks, £0 4s 6d. 1 gallon Florence oil, £0 18s 0d. 6 gallons brandy, £0 18s 0d. 15 pounds biscuit bread, £0 3s 0d. Total £59 14s 2½d.
170		167	This Day the Steward of the Hospital Brought in his Account for Provisions &c from 11.th August to the 30.th September Viz.t Hospital D.r Per Contra C.r To provisions &c as p. Account from August the 11.th to September 30.th 17. 1. 2½ Ballance in Stewards hands 1. 3. 3¾ 18. 4. 6 By Cash recd at Pay Table 18. 4. 6 St. Helena 9.th October 1743 Errors Excepted p.r Thomas Kirkpatrick Stew.r Hospital.	The steward of the hospital that day brought in his account for provisions from 11 August to 30 September. Hospital. To provisions etc, as per account from 11 August to 30 September, £17 1s 2½d. Balance in the steward's hands, £1 3s 3¾d. Total £18 4s 6d. Per contra. By cash received at pay table, £18 4s 6d. St Helena, 9 October 1743. Errors excepted. Per Thomas Kirkpatrick, steward of the hospital.
171		168	Names, Ground Rent, Free Land, Late Land, Total Acres, £, s, d John Aldrick: Ground Rent 3, Free Land 0, Late Land 0, Total Acres 0, £ 0, s 5, d 0 Rev.d Edwin Alcock: Ground Rent 1, Free Land 0, Late Land 0, Total Acres 0, £ 1, s 0, d 0 Edward Bagley: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 2, Late Land 2, Total Acres 2, £ 0, s 5, d 0 Richard Beale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 41, Late Land 13, Total Acres 54, £ 3, s 13, d 6 Capt. John Alexanders Orphans: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 28, Late Land 54½, Total Acres 82½, £ 8, s 4, d 3 Mary Alexander: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 47, Late Land 27, Total Acres 74, £ 5, s 14, d 6 Sam.l Alexander: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 1, Late Land 0, Total Acres 19, £ 0, s 19, d 0 Tho.s Allis: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 3, Late Land 30, Total Acres 33, £ 3, s 8, d 0 W.m Burnham: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 20, Late Land 11½, Total Acres 31½, £ 2, s 8, d 6 Orlando Bagley: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 25, Total Acres 25, £ 3, s 2, d 6 John Bagley: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 36, Total Acres 36, £ 4, s 10, d 0 Tho.s Bazetts Orphans: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 15, Late Land 1½, Total Acres 16½, £ 0, s 18, d 0 Richard Bagley: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 35, Late Land 68, Total Acres 163, £ 10, s 5, d 0 Grace Bates: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 13, Late Land 0, Total Acres 13, £ 1, s 12, d 8 John Bazetts Orphans: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 109½, Late Land 42½, Total Acres 152, £ 10, s 15, d 9 Tho.s Coal: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 11, Late Land 0, Total Acres 11, £ 1, s 7, d 6 Tho.s Bygrove: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 36½, Total Acres 36½, £ 4, s 11, d 10½ W.m Davis: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 5, Late Land 0, Total Acres 5, £ 0, s 5, d 0 Baron Doleaf: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 5, Late Land 0, Total Acres 5, £ 0, s 5, d 0 John Desfountain: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 9½, Late Land 39½, Total Acres 13. 3, £ 0, s 10, d 7½ Joseph Desfountain: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 30, Late Land 6¼, Total Acres 36¼, £ 9, s 6, d 0½ Sam.t Doleaton: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 76, Late Land 62½, Total Acres 138½, £ 11, s 12, d 3 Jonathan Doveton: Ground Rent 12, Free Land 187½, Late Land 17, Total Acres 204½, £ 19, s 2, d 3 James Drapers Orph.s: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 24¼, Late Land 0, Total Acres 24¼, £ 1, s 4, d 4 Tho.s Easthope: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 14, Late Land 41½, Total Acres 53½, £ 5, s 17, d 9 John French: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 30, Late Land 57, Total Acres 87, £ 8, s 12, d 6 Francis Frugess: Ground Rent 3½ @ 1.s p. Acre, Free Land 0, Late Land 36½, Total Acres 36½, £ 4, s 12, d 4½ Richard Girling: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 10, Late Land 6, Total Acres 16, £ 1, s 3, d 0 Robert Girlings Orphans: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 20, Late Land 14½, Total Acres 34½, £ 2, s 16, d 3 Tho.s Greentree: Ground Rent 32½ @ 2.s p. Acre, Free Land 25½, Late Land 58½, Total Acres 84, £ 7, s 15, d 6 Marg.t Goodwin: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 10, Late Land 20, Total Acres 30, £ 3, s 0, d 0 John Goodwin: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 100, Late Land 46, Total Acres 146, £ 10, s 15, d 0 James Greentree: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 14½, Late Land 56, Total Acres 70½, £ 7, s 14, d 6 Susannah Greentree: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 16, Late Land 18, Total Acres 34, £ 3, s 1, d 0 W.m Coates: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 30, Late Land 0, Total Acres 30, £ 1, s 10, d 0 Carried over £ 157. 14. 3½	The inhabitants, being assembled on the 30th day of September last in order to pay for their freehold and revenues due to the honourable company for the year past, the council accounted with them as follows. John Aldrick, ground rent £3, £0 5s 0d. Reverend Edwin Alcock, ground rent £1, £1 0s 0d. Edward Bagley, free land 2 acres, leased land 2 acres, £0 5s 0d. Richard Stealer, free land 41 acres, leased land 13 acres, total 54 acres, £3 13s 6d. Captain John Alexander's orphans, free land 28 acres, leased land 54½ acres, total 82½ acres, £8 4s 3d. Mary Alexander, free land 47 acres, leased land 27 acres, total 74 acres, £5 14s 6d. Samuel Alexander, free land 19 acres, £0 19s 0d. Thomas Allis, free land 3 acres, leased land 30 acres, total 33 acres, £3 8s 0d. William Burnham, free land 20 acres, leased land 11½ acres, total 31½ acres, £2 8s 9d. Orlando Bagley, free land 25 acres, total 25 acres, £3 2s 6d. John Bagley, free land 36 acres, total 36 acres, £4 10s 0d. Thomas Bazotte's orphans, leased land 1½ acres, total 16½ acres, £0 18s 0d. Richard Bagley, free land 35 acres, leased land 68 acres, total 163 acres, £10 5s 0d. Grace Baker, free land 13 acres, total 13 acres, £1 10s 8d. John Bazotte's orphans, leased land 109½ acres, total 42½ acres, total 152 acres, £10 15s 9d. Thomas Cobal, free land 11 acres, total 11 acres, £1 7s 6d. Thomas Egrove, leased land 36½ acres, total 36½ acres, £1 11s 10½d. William Davis, free land 5 acres, total 5 acres, £0 5s 0d. Baron Bobcast, free land 5 acres, total 5 acres, £0 5s 0d. John Desfountain, free land 9½ acres, leased land 39¼ acres, total 133 acres, £9 10s 7½d. Joseph Desfountain, free land 30 acres, leased land 6¼ acres, total 36¼ acres, £9 6s 0¾d. Samuel Doleton, free land 76 acres, leased land 62½ acres, total 138½ acres, £11 12s 3d. Jonathan Doveton, ground rent 12s, free land 187¼ acres, leased land 17 acres, total 204¼ acres, £19 2s 9d. James Draper's orphans, free land 24¼ acres, total 24¼ acres, £1 4s 4d. Thomas Easthope, free land 14 acres, leased land 41½ acres, total 55½ acres, £5 17s 9d. John French, free land 30 acres, leased land 57 acres, total 87 acres, £8 12s 6d. Francis Trigge, ground rent 3½ acres at 1s 6d per acre, leased land 36½ acres, total 36½ acres, £4 7s 4½d. Richard Girling, free land 10 acres, leased land 6 acres, total 16 acres, £1 3s 0d. Robert Girling's orphans, free land 20 acres, leased land 14½ acres, total 34½ acres, £2 16s 3d. Thomas Greentree, ground rent 32½ acres at 2s per acre, free land 25½ acres, leased land 58½ acres, total 84 acres, £7 15s 6d. Margaret Goodwin, free land 10 acres, leased land 20 acres, total 30 acres, £3 0s 0d. John Goodwin, free land 100 acres, leased land 46 acres, total 146 acres, £10 15s 0d. James Greentree, free land 14½ acres, leased land 56 acres, total 70½ acres, £7 14s 6d. Susannah Greentree, free land 16 acres, leased land 18 acres, total 34 acres, £3 1s 0d. William Coales, free land 30 acres, total 30 acres, £1 10s 0d. Carried over £157 14s 3½d. Interpretations The annual settlement recorded here charged inhabitants for their freehold and leased land holdings at a fixed rate per acre, distinguishing ground rent on a house plot from acreage held free of charge under earlier grants and acreage held on lease from the company, showing land tenure on the island resting on several distinct arrangements that together determined what each family owed the company yearly. The recurring entries for orphans, Alexander's, Bazotte's, Draper's and Girling's, being charged for land in the same manner as any other landholder, show the company continuing to collect its dues from a deceased tenant's estate through his heirs rather than treating the death of the original grantee as ending the obligation.
172		169	Brought over £ 157. 14. 3½ Names, Ground Rent, Free Land, Late Land, Total Acres, £, s, d Richard Goodwin: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 20, Late Land 120, Total Acres 140, £ 12, s 6, d 3 Bracken Farper: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 21, Late Land 20½, Total Acres 41½, £ 3, s 12, d 3 Gabriel Farper: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 42, Total Acres 42, £ 3, s 5, d 5 John Hayes Sen.r: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 0, Total Acres 0, £ 3, s 5, d 0 Rob.t Hayes: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 30, Late Land 0, Total Acres 30, £ 1, s 9, d 10 Francis Higgs: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 0, Total Acres 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 John Hanson: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 2, Total Acres 2, £ 0, s 5, d 0 Joshua Johnston: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 50, Late Land 38½, Total Acres 88½, £ 7, s 5, d 7½ Ann Johnson: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 24, Late Land 0, Total Acres 24, £ 1, s 4, d 0 Rowlone Isaac Widow: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 24, Late Land 5, Total Acres 20, £ 1, s 16, d 6 Samuel Enge: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 7½, Late Land 0, Total Acres 7½, £ 0, s 0, d 0 Stephen Lufkin Sen.r: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 10, Late Land 24, Total Acres 34, £ 3, s 10, d 6 S[...] Lufkin Jun.r: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 2¾, Total Acres 2¾, £ 0, s 3, d 6 John Leach: Ground Rent 19 acres at 1.s p. Acre, Free Land 0, Late Land 44, Total Acres 44, £ 4, s 1, d 6 Wondrop Leach: Ground Rent 2/6, Free Land 0, Late Land 28½, Total Acres 28½, £ 3, s 11, d 9 Richard Mayer: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 25, Total Acres 25, £ 1, s 5, d 0 Matthew Midge: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 25, Late Land 0, Total Acres 25, £ 1, s 5, d 0 Benj. Pledgard: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 135, Late Land 31, Total Acres 165, £ 12, s 0, d 6 John Perlings Orphans: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 104½, Late Land 74½, Total Acres 185, £ 14, s 16, d 6 G. G. Powell: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 89, Late Land 11, Total Acres 100, £ 5, s 16, d 0 James Powell: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 77, Late Land 6, Total Acres 83, £ 4, s 12, d 0 Joseph Powell: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 76, Late Land 28½, Total Acres 106½, £ 6, s 19, d 3 Elizabeth Rider: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 29½, Late Land 31½, Total Acres 81, £ 7, s 15, d 6 Mary Isaac Widower: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 26, Late Land 61, Total Acres 87, £ 7, s 17, d 6 Charles Stewards Orph.s: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 88½, Late Land 72, Total Acres 158½, £ 13, s 6, d 6 John Scott: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 12, Late Land 33, Total Acres 32, £ 5, s 2, d 6 W.m Seale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 46, Late Land 15, Total Acres 31, £ 5, s 13, d 6 Nathan Sample: Ground Rent 3/6, Free Land 15, Late Land 16½, Total Acres 31½, £ 2, s 16, d 3 Benjamin Beale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 10, Total Acres 10, £ 1, s 5, d 0 Giles Smith: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 7¼, Late Land 0, Total Acres 0, £ 0, s 5, d 6 John Spencer: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 3, Total Acres 3, £ 0, s 7, d 6 Richard Timsley: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 2, Late Land 17, Total Acres 26, £ 2, s 7, d 6 John Timesley: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 1½, Late Land 14½, Total Acres 16, £ 2, s 7, d 8½ Joseph Whaley Sen.r: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 14, Late Land 14, Total Acres 28, £ 2, s 9, d 0 Joseph Whaley Jun.r: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 0, Total Acres 0, £ 0, s 0, d 0 Simon Whaleys Orphans: Ground Rent 26/6, Free Land 165½, Late Land 137, Total Acres 302½, £ 26, s 17, d 6 Francis Wrangham: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 7, Late Land 45½, Total Acres 52½, £ 6, s 9, d 3 Isaac Tolerhall: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 42½, Total Acres 42½, £ 5, s 6, d 3 John Worrall: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 80, Late Land 27, Total Acres 107, £ 7, s 7, d 6 Youngs Orphans: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Late Land 0, Total Acres 0, £ 0, s 0, d 0 £ 335. 18. 9¼	Brought over £157 14s 3½d. Richard Goodwin, free land 20 acres, leased land 120 acres, total 162½ acres, £12 6s 3d. Stephen Harper, free land 21 acres, leased land 20½ acres, total 41½ acres, £3 12s 3d. Gabriel Farrer, leased land 42 acres, total 42 acres, £3 5s 5d. Lydia Farrer, leased land 42 acres, total 42 acres, £3 5s 0d. John Hayes senior, free land 30 acres, total 30 acres, £1 9s 10d. Robert Hayes, free land [...]. Francis Higgs, leased land 5 acres, total 5 acres, £0 5s 0d. John Stanton, free land 50 acres, leased land 38½ acres, total 88½ acres, £5 7½d. Joshua Johnston, free land 24 acres, total 24 acres, £1 4s 0d. Ann Johnson, widow, free land 24 acres, total 24 acres, £1 16s 0d. Barbara Grace, widow, £1 16s 0d. Samuel Payne, free land 7½ acres, leased land 24 acres, total 31½ acres, £3 10s 7½d. Stephen Lufkin senior, free land 10 acres, leased land 24 acres, total 34 acres, £3 10s 6d. Stephen Lufkin junior, free land 2¾ acres, total 2¾ acres, £0 3s 6d. John Leech, free land 44 acres, leased land 46 acres, total 90 acres, £4 12s 6d. Woodford Leach, ground rent 2s 6d, leased land 8½ acres, total 20¼ acres, £3 11s 3d. Richard Mason, free land 25 acres, total 25 acres, £1 5s 0d. Matthew Midge, free land 23 acres, leased land 31 acres, total 54 acres, £2 10s 0d. Benjamin Idderd, free land 13½ acres, leased land 31 acres, total 44½ acres, £3 12s 0d. John Darling's orphans, free land 104½ acres, leased land 74½ acres, total 185 acres, £14 16s 6d. George Gabriel Powell, free land 89 acres, leased land 11 acres, total 100 acres, £5 16s 0d. James Powell, free land 77 acres, leased land 6 acres, total 83 acres, £4 12s 0d. Joseph Powell, free land 78 acres, leased land 28½ acres, total 106½ acres, £6 19s 0d. Elizabeth Ryder, free land 29½ acres, leased land 51½ acres, total 81 acres, £3 3s 0d. Mary [...], widow, free land 22 acres, total 22 acres, £1 17s 6d. Charles Steward's orphans, free land 86½ acres, leased land 72 acres, total 158½ acres, £13 6s 3d. John Scott, free land 19 acres, leased land 33 acres, total 52 acres, £5 12s 0d. William Seale, free land 46 acres, leased land 15 acres, total 31 acres, £5 13s 6d. Nathan Sample, ground rent 2s 6d, leased land 15 acres, total 15 acres, £2 16s 3d. Benjamin Bale, free land 16½ acres, leased land 31½ acres, £2 16s 3d. Giles Smith, free land 10 acres, total 10 acres, £1 5s 0d. John Spencer, free land 7½ acres, total 7½ acres, £0 6s 0d. Richard Smithy, free land 3 acres, total 3 acres, £0 7s 0d. John Franck, free land 17 acres, leased land 26 acres, total 43 acres, £6 6s 0d. Joseph Whaley senior, free land 6 acres, leased land 17 acres, total 26 acres, £2 7s 8d. Joseph Whaley junior, free land 16 acres, leased land 14¼ acres, total 18¼ acres, £2 8s 4½d. Simon Whaley's orphans, free land 14 acres, total 28 acres, £2 9s 0d. Francis Wrangham, ground rent 6s 6d, leased land 165½ acres, total 305¼ acres, £26 17s 6d. Isaac Whorehall, free land 7 acres, leased land 45¼ acres, total 52¼ acres, £6 9s 0d. John Worrall, free land 42½ acres, total 42½ acres, £5 6s 3d. Young's orphans, free land 80 acres, leased land 27 acres, total 107 acres, £7 7s 6d. Total £336 18s 9¼d.
173		170	We this Day read the following Petition from James Baywood who was by the Govr Committed to Prison for having Stolen Two Watches sometime Since Ye [...] To the Worshippfull G. G. Powell Esqr Govr & Council of the Island St Helena The Humble Petition of James Baywood Humbly Sheweth That your Petitioner findeth himself in Duty bound to beg forgiveness for his Crime begging for your Mercy & throwing himself at yr Honours known Mercy hoping your Honr will be pleased to Consider it as the first time & forgive Worthy Gentlemen the great mistake of Your Obedient humble & Dutifull Servant James Baywood We told him we could give no Answer as yett to the above request till we heard how it went with him at the next Quartr Sessions he being Accused of a Capital Crime The Governour then sent for and reproved Mr Dixon for some Irregularitys alledged by a Black Wench (who have been Committed by the said Mr Dixon upon her Inveigling her and getting her with Child at times when she was sent by her Master or Mistress upon her Lawfull Occasions) Whereupon the Council thought proper to Answer & Laugh at this Upon his reproving him a Second time for this piece of Insolence & Contempt Mr Dixon very rudely Answered that he had a right to Laugh, however the Govr Knowing by long experience that advice was but thrown away upon this Gentleman was Content to bolt him, as he had done any time before that if ever he Loaded with the like Indecency he must expect such Treatment as his Ill behaviour Deserved George Gabriel Powell Esqr the Governor Reported that the Honourable Companys Yam Plantations were in Such a good Condition that he had had several quantitys of Yams	The council read a petition that day from James Baywood, who had been committed to prison by the Governor for having stolen a watch from [...] some time before. To the worshipful George Gabriel Powell, Governor, and the Council of the island of St Helena. The humble petition of James Baywood. Baywood petitioned the council, stating that he found himself bound in duty to beg forgiveness for his crime, that he begged for their mercy and threw himself upon their well known mercy, and that he hoped they would be pleased to consider it a first offence and forgive the great mistake of their obedient, humble and dutiful servant. He signed the petition James Baywood. The council told him they could give no answer to his request until they had heard how matters went with him at the next quarter sessions, he standing accused of a capital crime. The Governor then sent for and reproved Mr Dixon over irregularities alleged by a black woman, said to have been committed by Dixon against her by inveigling her and getting her with child at a time when she had been sent out by her master or mistress on lawful business. The council thought it proper to reprove him a second time for this display of insolence and contempt, whereupon Dixon behaved with such heedlessness that he laughed in front of them. Dixon answered readily that he had a right to laugh. However, the Governor, knowing by long experience that advice was thrown away on this gentleman, was content to let him go, as he had done many times before, warning that if he ever again offended with the like indecency he must expect such treatment as his behaviour deserved. George Gabriel Powell, as husband, reported that the Honourable Company's yam plantations were in such good condition that he had [...] several quantities of yams. Interpretations A capital crime on St Helena at this date meant an offence carrying the death penalty under English law as applied on the island, and theft above a certain value counted as grand larceny, a capital felony; this explains why the council could give Baywood no assurance of pardon before his case reached the quarter sessions, since forgiveness of a capital matter lay beyond what a petition to the Governor and council alone could grant. The complaint against Dixon shows the council's practical limits in disciplining a man of standing. Testimony from a black woman carried little independent weight in the island's courts, and Dixon's open laughter in front of the council, met only with a warning rather than punishment, reflects how a free white inhabitant's contempt for the council could go unchecked when no white witness supported the accusation and no formal charge was brought. The Husband was the officer with charge of the Company's plantations and stock, a role George Gabriel Powell held alongside his place at the council board.
174		171	Yams and Suckers to the Inhabitants and was able to Continue Doing and that he doth also in the Name of the Honble Company give Considerable Parcells weekly to the poor off the Island G. G. Powell Jn Godfrey Robt Wright At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 26 October 1743 Present G. G. Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was Read & approved Mr James Greentree this Day presented the said Petition viz To the Worshippfull G. G. Powell Esqr Govr & Council The Petition of James Greentree Humbly Sheweth That his Mother the late Elizr Greentree seized bequeathed to him a parcell of Land Situated in Sandy Valley Containing 2 Acres with the sd Elizr Greentree held by Lease from the Honble Company in her life time with Lease being now expired your Petr begs your Worship & Council will be pleased to Grant him a new Lease for the sd two Acres of Land And your Petr will ever Pray James Greentree At Sessions 25 Oct: 1743 Granted On the Conditions to be mentioned in his Lease Vizt That though Grant advanced Josh whom this Land now Holds under for shall be allowed before the Lease though this and with his Land or my Days or C On the 30th Instant Arrived the Snow Company Prize Duke of Lorrain Commandr by Capt Hancock from Barbados Bd from Batavia having Sprung a very Dangerous Leak within 24 hours after she left Bencoolen. She was on her Arrivall here in a very	The plantations were also productive enough that Powell could continue lending yams and suckers to the inhabitants, and in the Honourable Company's name he gave considerable parcels of yams to the poor of the island every week. G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright At a consultation held on Tuesday, 25 October 1743. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Governor; John Godfrey, second of council; Robert Wright, third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. Mr James Greentree presented the following petition that day. To the worshipful George Gabriel Powell, Governor, and the Council of the island of St Helena. The petition of James Greentree. Greentree petitioned the council, stating that his mother, the late Elizabeth Greentree, had bequeathed to him a parcel of land situated in Lemon Valley containing two acres, which the said Elizabeth Greentree had held by lease from the Honourable Company during her lifetime, and that the lease being now expired, he asked the Governor and council to grant him a new lease for the same two acres of land. He signed the petition James Greentree. St Helena, 25 October 1743. The council granted the petition on conditions to be set out in the lease, [...]. On the 30th of the month the snow Duke of Lorraine arrived, commanded by Captain Hancock, out of Batavia and last from Bencoolen, having sprung a very dangerous leak within twenty four hours of leaving Bencoolen. She arrived in a very leaky and deplorable condition.
175		172	Deplorable Condition having but 10 well men on Board She was immediatly on her Arrivall here supplied with 20 hands from the Garrison in order to Assist her Homeward here in her readily forsailing She brings no Certain Amount of any of the Honble Companys Ships except Capt Gillow whom She parted with to the Eastward of the Cape about 12 degrees but Sails was to have left Benkoolen with ye Honble Compys Ship Ten days after Capt Hancock G. G. Powell Esqr the Husband then reported that the frequent Rains with have fallen these last two Months hath greatly impeded his Carrying on the Business round the Honble Companys pasture Ground The Slaves continually Complaining of pains and disorder occasioned by the Inclemency of the Weather that therefore he thought after the Companys Interest to let their Slaves cut work as wanted to employ ye in less Laborious Tasks but engage to return the same quantity of Slaves Work again when the Weather broke up That himself took 6 or 8 upon these Terms & the Weather being now settled he is employing the like number of his own Slaves in Carrying on the Companys fences with intend he presumes will be greatly facilitating the work as one Man with any usual hoe do more in a fair Day on the sides of our Fields than two with in fort slippery weather That he has these fences greatly Advanced & they shall be Compleated with the rest of time G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 8 Novr 1743 Present G. G. Powell Esqr Govr John Godfrey 2d of Council Robt Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was Read and approved Alice Deloaf made a Complaint against John Upton and Sytha Farmain for Insulting her & forcing her agt her Will Alice Deloaf being Sworn & Examined the Day	The ship arrived in a deplorable condition, having only ten well men aboard. She was immediately supplied on her arrival with as many hands as the garrison could spare afresh and forward her. She could give no certain account of any of the Honourable Company's ships except Captain Gillow, whom she had parted with to the eastward of the Cape about twelve degrees east, and who was said to have lost the Devonshire with the whole company of that ship ten days after leaving Captain Hancock. George Gabriel Powell, as husband, reported that the frequent rains that had fallen these last two months had greatly impeded the carrying on of the fences round the Honourable Company's pasture ground, the slaves continually complaining of pain and disorder occasioned by the inclemency of the weather, and that he had therefore thought fit for their companions to be excused their usual labour and to engage voluntary labourers on such tasks as wanted, since he could not otherwise expect to return the same quantity of slave work again when the weather broke up. He reported that he himself took six to eight persons' terms and the weather being now settled he was employing the like number of his own slaves in carrying on the Company's fences, with a note that he would be presumed to be greatly facilitating the work, as one man would engage voluntarily to do more in a fair day on the side of a fruit tree than two would in short slippery weather, and that he had these fences greatly forward and they should be completed within a little time. G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright At a consultation held on Tuesday, 8 November 1743. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Governor; John Godfrey, second of council; Robert Wright, third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. Alice Deloaf made a complaint against John Upton and Martha Germain for insulting her and forcing her against her will. Alice Deloaf, being sworn and examined the same day, [...].
176		173	Day & year abovesaid on her Oath saith that on Friday last betwixt the Hours of one & seven in the afternoon John Upton called her into the House where the sd Germain lodged & Upton told her he would pay her for his Lodging with he owed her Whereupon She went in & they immediatly locked the Street Door & then asked her to sit down & drinks her if she wd drink a dram Whereupon she thank'd them & Upton gave her half a Stagon of wine she drank part & gave the rest to a Boy that was with her immediatly after with as she was Sitting on the Box then threw her down on her back upon the said Box and the sd Germain held her legs extended Damning her for a Bitch & Swearing how hell hold her & the sd Upton soon after quitting her Throat & Mouth had Carnal Knowledge of her while Germain drew his Bayonet & Swore he'd stick her if she did not Comply And then Upton took the Bayonet out of his hand and this Depont saith that Upton forced her twice into different things & after that asked her to drink and dram with the Absolutely refused & throwd the same on the floor And this Depont further saith that there was with her at the same time Did Arthur Bradley a Boy of about 16 years of Age that she & the sd Boy cryed out and murther & as all they could to raise the Neighbourhood but being a Brack Room they could make nobody hear & further that the sd Germain beat the Boy & Confer Eying out breaking the resistance they did & that all that was done was by her Will & by force & Strength & not otherwise Arthur Bradley of about 16 Years of Age Being to the Nature of an Oath & Examined & Sworn on this Oath saith that on Friday abt 1 oClock in the afternoon Upton called the sd Alice Deloaf into the House where she Lodged where Germain there was & told her he Pay her what he owed her for washing & the sd Deloaf went & this Depont will lot & as soon as they were in they Locked the Doors upon them & immediatly threw Deloaf on abed with lay on the Ground while Germain held her legs wide & Upton laid himself upon her with his Breeches down & lay there sometime and this Depont saith that she flung her down in the same manner three or four hours & that Deloaf & this Depont both cryed out Murther & made the greatest Noise possible for Assistance upon with Germain beat this Deptt And this Depont saith that they forced the sd Deloaf & this Deptt to Stay till Seven oClock at Night And this Deptt adds that Germain drew a Bayonet & threatned which Deloaf if she did not Suffer him to have Carnal knowledge of her Jeptka Germain being her Called to make his Defense sd that Deloaf on the same Day came into the sd House aboutt 12 oClock & then went away again & did not return again him & Upton till about 3 or 4 oClock in the Afternoon & then she was very Drunk & not able to Stand & fell down agt a Box on the floor And	Alice Deloaf, having been sworn and examined that same day, deposed that on Friday last, between five and seven in the afternoon, John Upton called her into the house where he and Germain lodged. Upton told her he would pay her for her lodging with her own body. He then went in and they immediately locked the outer door, and asked her to sit down and drink with them. She refused, so Upton swore he would drink whether she agreed or not, drank part of it and gave her the rest. While she sat on the box they threw her down on her back upon it. Germain held her legs apart, calling her a bitch and swearing he would kill her. Upton then had carnal knowledge of her while Germain stood over them with a drawn bayonet and swore he would stab her if she did not comply. There was with her at the time a boy of about sixteen. She and the boy cried out and did what they could to raise the neighbourhood, but nobody heard them. Germain beat the boy to stop him resisting. She said that everything done to her was done by force, and not otherwise. Arthur Bradley, aged about sixteen, was examined and sworn on the same matter. He said that on the Friday, at ten in the morning, Upton called Deloaf into the house on the pretence of paying her for washing. Bradley followed her in as soon as they were let inside, and the door was locked behind them. Upton immediately threw Deloaf onto a bed and lay on top of her, while Germain held her legs apart and Upton lay with her with his breeches down for some time. He said they threw her down in this way three or four times, and that both he and Deloaf cried out and made as much noise as they could for help. Germain beat him to keep him quiet. He said they kept him and Deloaf there until seven that evening, and that Germain had drawn a bayonet and threatened Deloaf that he would use it if she refused to let Upton lie with her. Jeptha Germain was then called to answer. He said that Deloaf came to the house about midday on the same day, left again, and did not return until he and Upton came in about three or four in the afternoon. He said she was very drunk at that time, unable to stand, and fell against a box on the floor.
177		174	And that his Deptt endeavouring to help her up she immediatly called out Murther but at length this Depont did help her up upon with she took up a Glass Bottle with stood by ye which him over the sashwindow him at Bogus & threwitt a great many that she Denies this Depont saith that his sd Arthur Bradley came with her but was drunk as she & fell fast Asleep soon but Waking on Deloafs Crying out fell to Cryeing out Aloud as she but this Depont owns that he was very Drunk himself John Upton being then Called to make his Defence said yt he was so drunk that he cannot remember what he did & that Germain was as drunk as he & that Deloaf & the Boy both were drunk & that he did not have Carnal knowledge Murther or make any Noise whatsoever Upon hearing both partys we Ordered that this Affair should be Tryed by a Jury next quartr Sessions The Secretary was Ordered to advise the Partys of the same On the 5th Instant Arrived here the Sanble Companys Ship Severne Commanded by Capt Collier in good health & Condition from Bonco Bedon with pepper last from the Cape where she had put in hoped fresh provisions She brings no discount of any of your Honble Ships except that the Bonco lost her Capt Hancock of the Duke Lorrain having determined to Sail in a fortnight the men being ill obey weekly & Sick & having heard that the Salt provisions on Board were bad we hereupon come to a Resolution to take a Survey of the sd provisions in Conjunction with Capt Collier to see whether they are bad or not that if they and they may be provided with other Salted provisions from the Island We have continued to give Capt Hancock at the Assistance afforded by our Garrison & sending Greens & other necessary to his Men in order for their more speed recovery & as the Honble Company have so great Concern on Board the said Ship We have come to a Resolution & requested by the Capt to suffer such persons as have petitioned he for Discharge & some settled which we have his prison upon Board him as Ransom in hopes that Capt Hancock will thereby be gully enable to carry them forward again unto England We that also came to a Resolution that as upon Understand by Capt Collier by way the Cape the Affairs in Europe were	This deponent, endeavouring to help her up, was immediately met with her calling out murder, but at length helped her up, at which she took hold of a glass bottle that stood by, and struck him over the face with it, calling him rogue and assaulting him a great many times. This deponent denied that Deloaf had suffered any wrong. This deponent said that Arthur Bradley came with her but was as drunk as she was, and fell fast asleep soon after. On waking, hearing Deloaf crying out, he too fell to crying out. This deponent owned that he himself was very drunk. John Upton, being then called to make his defence, said that he was so drunk that he could not remember what he did, and that Germain was as drunk as he. He said that Deloaf and the boy were both drunk, and that he had not been guilty of any murder nor of any force whatsoever. Having heard both parties, the council ordered that the matter should be tried by a jury at the next quarter sessions. The secretary was ordered to advise the parties of the same. On the 5th instant there arrived here the Honourable Company's ship Severn, commanded by Captain Collier, in good health and condition from Borneo, laden with pepper, last from the Cape, where she had put in and got fresh provisions. She brought no account of any of the Company's ships except that she had left the Bombay behind her. Captain Hancock of the Duke of Lorraine, having determined to sail in a fortnight if the men continued weekly to look and having heard that the salt provisions on board were bad, we hereupon came to a resolution to take a survey of the said provisions, in conjunction with Captain Collier, to see whether they are bad or not, that his Reay may be provided with other salted provisions from the Severn. We have continued to give Captain Hancock the assistance proposed by our garrison, by sending greens and other necessaries for his people, in order for their more speedy recovery, and as the Honourable Company have so great concern on board the said ship, we have come to a resolution, if requested by the Captain, to suffer such persons as have performed his voyage to be discharged, and someone else to take his place on board him, as we remain in hopes that Captain Hancock will hereby be duly enabled to carry his ship forward argosy to England. We that also came to a resolution that as we understand by Captain Collier by way [...] the affairs in Europe [...]
178		175	were in so Critical a Situation the Militia of this Island should be drawn up once every Month in Order to be instructed in the Use of their fire arms that they may be the better enabled to defend the same in case of any Attack and that the Compys Covenanted Servants who are not in Comission shall attend at the same time for the same purpose Whereupon we Ordered a publication of the same accordingly G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright	The council held that in so critical a situation the militia of the island should be mustered once every month, so that they might be instructed in the use of their firearms and better able to defend the island in case of any attack. The Company's covenanted servants not currently in commission were also to attend at the same time for the same purpose. The council accordingly ordered a publication of the same. G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright
179		176	At a Consultation held on the 9th November 1743 Present G. G. Powell Esqr Governour Capt Joseph Collier John Godfrey 2d of Council Capt Nathl Hancock Robert Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was Read and approved The State and Condition of the Honble Companys Ship Duke of Lorrain coming this day most immediatly under our Consideration on Capt the Govr Informing us that he had given Capt Collier of the Severne his Sailing orders on Sunday last the Day after his Arrivall & that he would not give Contrary orders in Contradiction to the orders of the sd Consulte the Secret Committee by any means & Capt Collier assuring his that it was Absolutly Nessary for the Safety of yr Duke Lorrain for him to wait till she was ready to Sail yet notwithstanding as she had recd his sailing Orders from the Govr & in obedience to the orders of the Committee of Secrecy he could not Stay unless he was requested so to do by the Govr & Councel for the greater safety of the Honble Companys Effects on Board said Ship Duke of Lorrain Whereupon we Agreed to call in Capt Collier & Capt Hancock to Advise us jointly with their Advice & opinion in this Case Capt Collier brought with him a List of request from Capt Hancock him desiring him to stay for him & to grant him all the Assistance he could & Assured him that if not he should be ready to Sail with him in fifteen days from this day otherwise would not be able to Sail at all Upon with we altogether with the Captains went on Board the Duke of Lorrain & viewd the Ship who appeard to be in very bad Condition & the Men almost quite Naked & quite unrepable of undertaking the Voyage by reason of the Sickness they Labour under without Capt Colliers Assistance who was then forced to lend them his Caulkers & Carpenters they having none in Board with other Assistance We then enquired of the Chief Officer on Board the Lorrain who Unanimously Declared that the Ship would not be able for Sail at all without Capt Collier Stayd the Caulkers & Carpenters also being Asked Declared the same but they all Sad they Should be Enabled by Capt Collier Stayd with him in 18 or 20 Days We thereupon desired & requested Capt Collier & Govr it was our Joint opinion that as the Honble Company had such a large	At a consultation held on 9 November 1743. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Governor; Captain Joseph Collier; Captain Nathaniel Hancock; John Godfrey, second of council; Robert Wright, third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. The state and condition of the Honourable Company's ship Duke of Lorraine came under consideration that day, the council meeting immediately to address it. The Governor informed the council that Captain Collier of the Severn had given Captain Hancock his sailing orders on the Sunday after his arrival, and that he would give no contrary orders in contradiction to those of the Severn. The council held that it was absolutely at liberty, by any means, and that Captain Collier, sparing his ship, was of the opinion that Hancock ought to wait until he was ready to sail. Notwithstanding this, as Hancock stood ready to sail, and yet appeared bound by the orders of the committee of secrecy, he could not stay unless the Governor and council requested it, for the greater safety of the Honourable Company's effects aboard the said ship. The council agreed to write jointly to Captain Collier and Captain Hancock requesting their advice and opinion on the matter. Captain Collier brought with him a list of requests from Captain Hancock, who desired that Collier stay for him. Hancock asked the council to grant him all the assistance it could, and declared that unless he was ready to sail with Collier within fourteen days from that day, he would not be able to sail at all. Upon this the council, together with the two captains, went aboard the Duke of Lorraine and viewed the ship, which appeared to them in very bad condition, the men almost quite naked and quite unable to undertake the voyage by reason of the sickness they laboured under, without Captain Collier's assistance. Collier was accordingly obliged to lend them his caulkers and carpenters, the ship having none aboard of her own. The council then enquired of the chief officers aboard the Lorraine, who unanimously declared that the ship would not be able to sail at all without Collier's caulkers and carpenters. The carpenters, also being asked, declared the same, but said they could have the ship ready if Collier stayed with them eighteen or twenty days. The council thereupon requested Captain Collier to agree, it being their joint opinion that the Honourable Company had so large a concern...
180		177	Concern on Board the Duke of Lorrain & she was in so bad a Condition it was highly nessary that he should Stay Consider all the assistance he could Order for the preservation of yr Honble Companys effects & for forwarding the Ship home to England which could not otherwise be practicable & that we hoped Capt Collier assisted that we should recieve the Honble Companys approbation hereof & all with Captain Collier accordingly Agreed We then apprehending that the Sickness of the Men of the Duke of Lorrain might possibly proceed from the badness of yr Salt provisions on Board We jointly Examined the same & found that we had good reason for our fear & that the Salt provisions were very bad & unfit for use Whereupon we jointly Ordered the same to be Condemned to the Number of Sixteen Cask as good for nothing Notwithstanding the reply Capt Hancock recieve from Capt Coon his Men are in so bad a State of health that he will be Scarsely able to raise hands enough to Man his Ship with some Supply from hence We have therefore on the request of Capt Hancock agreed to spare him 12 Men from hence part of whom are Sworn & the rest Such as have Served their five Years G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright	The council held that the Duke of Lorraine was in so poor a state that Collier's continued help was essential, both to protect the Honourable Company's cargo and to get the ship safely home to England, since neither could otherwise be achieved. The council trusted that the Company would approve this course, and Collier agreed to it. Suspecting that the sickness among the Duke of Lorraine's crew might stem from spoiled salt provisions aboard, the council examined the stores itself and found its suspicion well founded: the salt provisions were badly decayed and unfit to eat. The council ordered sixteen casks condemned as worthless. Despite Collier's assistance, Hancock's men remained in such poor health that he would struggle to find enough hands to sail his ship without help from the garrison. At Hancock's request, the council agreed to spare him twelve men, some still serving out their contracts and the rest time-served men who had already completed five years. G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright
181		178	At a Consultation held on the 15 Novr 1743 at the Castle Present G. G. Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was Read and approved We this Day examind and Counted the Honble Companys Cash and find the Same in good order and Condition amounting to the Summe of £2347 : 17 : 7¾ being the Same as in the Month of October last	At a consultation held on 13 November 1743 at the castle. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Governor; John Godfrey, second of council; Robert Wright, third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. The council examined and counted the Honourable Company's cash that day, and found it in good order, amounting to £3,347 4s 7.5d, the same sum as in the previous month of October.
182		179	Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of October 1743 vizt Bulls, Bulls, Bows, Steers, Heifers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ewes, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Weathers, Kidds, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Pigs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Turtles, Muscovies, Total Remaining 1st October: Bulls 40, Bulls 103, Steers 41, Heifers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 66, Bulls 6, Total 315, Ewes 94, Weathers 25, Lambs 16, Rams 3, Total 138, Ewes 118, Weathers 14, Kidds 96, Rams 4, Total 232, Sows 20, Barrows 19, Shoats 26, Pigs 47, Boars 3, Total 115, Turkeys 53, Fowls 185, Ducks 32, Geese 7, Turtles 8, Muscovies 6, Total 14 Encreased in Do: Bulls 0, Bulls 0, Steers 0, Heifers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 7, Bulls 0, Total 7, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 3, Rams 0, Total 3, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 10, Rams 0, Total 10, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 21, Boars 0, Total 21, Turkeys 9, Fowls 27, Ducks 5, Geese 0, Turtles 1, Muscovies 0, Total 1 Sub-total: Bulls 40, Bulls 105, Steers 41, Heifers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 73, Bulls 6, Total 322, Ewes 94, Weathers 25, Lambs 19, Rams 3, Total 141, Ewes 118, Weathers 14, Kidds 106, Rams 4, Total 242, Sows 20, Barrows 19, Shoats 26, Pigs 68, Boars 3, Total 136, Turkeys 63, Fowls 212, Ducks 37, Geese 7, Turtles 9, Muscovies 6, Total 15 Killed in Do: Bulls 2, Bulls 1, Steers 2, Heifers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 5, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 2, Weathers 2, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 1, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 2, Pigs 0, Boars 0, Total 3, Turkeys 3, Fowls 30, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Turtles 0, Muscovies 0, Total 0 Died in Do: Bulls 36, Bulls 104, Steers 39, Heifers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 73, Bulls 6, Total 317, Ewes 94, Weathers 25, Lambs 19, Rams 3, Total 141, Ewes 116, Weathers 12, Kidds 106, Rams 4, Total 238, Sows 20, Barrows 17, Shoats 25, Pigs 68, Boars 3, Total 133, Turkeys 60, Fowls 182, Ducks 37, Geese 7, Turtles 9, Muscovies 6, Total 15 Remaining 31st Do: Bulls 38, Bulls 104, Steers 38, Heifers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 73, Bulls 6, Total 316, Ewes 94, Weathers 23, Lambs 19, Rams 3, Total 141, Ewes 116, Weathers 12, Kidds 106, Rams 4, Total 238, Sows 20, Barrows 17, Shoats 24, Pigs 66, Boars 3, Total 130, Turkeys 60, Fowls 182, Ducks 37, Geese 7, Turtles 9, Muscovies 6, Total 15 1000 lb Beef sold to the Duke Lorrain Yams expended at the sd Plantations 30000 G. G. Powell Husbd The Husband the Gunner and Steward this Day produced their Accounts for the Month of October last wch were severally examind & proved & are as follows vizt	The Honourable Company's account of stock for October 1743 was produced, examined and approved, as follows: Remaining 1 October: 40 bullocks, 103 cows, 41 heifers, 26 steers, 31 yearlings, 66 calves, 6 bulls, total 315 neat cattle; 94 ewes, 25 wethers, 16 lambs, 3 rams, total 138 sheep; 118 does, 14 wethers, 96 kids, 4 rams, total 232 goats; 20 sows, 19 barrows, 26 shoats, 47 pigs, 3 boars, total 115 hogs; 53 turkeys, 183 fowls, 32 ducks, 7 geese; 8 horses, 6 mares, total 14 Increased in the month: 7 calves, total 7 neat cattle; 3 lambs, total 3 sheep; 10 kids, total 10 goats; 0 hogs; 21 fowls; 0 horses Killed in the month: 2 bullocks, 1 cow, 2 heifers, total 5 neat cattle; 0 sheep; 2 wethers, total 2 goats; 1 shoat, 2 pigs, total 3 hogs; 9 turkeys, 27 fowls, 3 ducks, total 30 poultry; 1 horse Died in the month: 1 cow, total 1 neat cattle; 1 ewe, total 1 sheep; 0 goats; 1 shoat, 2 pigs, total 3 hogs; 0 poultry; 0 horses Remaining 31 October: 38 bullocks, 104 cows, 38 heifers, 26 steers, 31 yearlings, 73 calves, 6 bulls, total 316 neat cattle; 94 ewes, 25 wethers, 19 lambs, 3 rams, total 141 sheep; 116 does, 12 wethers, 106 kids, 4 rams, total 238 goats; 20 sows, 17 barrows, 24 shoats, 66 pigs, 3 boars, total 130 hogs; 60 turkeys, 182 fowls, 37 ducks, 7 geese; 9 horses, 6 mares, total 15 1,000 lb of beef was sold to the Duke of Lorraine. Yams expended at the several plantations: 30,000 lb G. G. Powell, husband The husband, the gunner and the steward produced their accounts for the month of October that day, and these were examined, approved and found as above.
183		180	Gunners Stores Expended in October 1743 Guns fired, Shot fired, 18lb, 9lb, 6lb, 4lb, 3lb, 2lb, ½lb, Powder Expended Powder delivered to Newis for blowing up Rocks: Guns fired 0, Shot fired 0, 18lb 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 40 4 Fired at Banks by ye Govrs order: Guns fired 1, Shot fired 1, 18lb 1, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 10 20 Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 18lb 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 2, 4lb 2, 3lb 0, 2lb 2, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 13 21 fired to Salute the Duke Lorrain Capt Hancock: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 18lb 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 9, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 9 Do fired for Capt Hancocks Landing: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 18lb 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 9, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 9 30 fired for the Kings Birth Day: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 0, 18lb 0, 9lb 1, 6lb 5, 4lb 0, 3lb 15, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 12 2 horns powder expended for Priming: Guns fired 0, Shot fired 0, 18lb 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 6 Powder to the Guard and Outports: Guns fired 0, Shot fired 0, 18lb 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 36 Powder for Exercising: Guns fired 0, Shot fired 0, 18lb 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 63 Total: Guns fired 46, Shot fired 1, 18lb 1, 9lb 1, 6lb 5, 4lb 2, 3lb 33, 2lb 2, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 220 John French Gunr Spunge Staves: 16 Lead Balls: 6lb Lintstocks: 12 Handspikes: 8lb Cartridge Cases: 10 Match: 35lb Paper: 63¼lb Powder horns: 6 Formers: 4 Trucks: 2 Boadge Barrells: 4	The gunner's account of stores expended in October 1743 was produced as follows. Powder delivered to Mr Newis for blowing up rocks: 40 lb powder expended 4th, fired at Banks's by the Governor's order: 1 gun fired, 1 shot fired, 1 eighteen-pounder, 10 lb powder expended 20th, alarm: 6 guns fired, 2 six-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 2 half-pounders, 13 lb powder expended 21st, fired to salute the Duke of Lorraine, Captain Hancock: 9 guns fired, 9 half-pounders, 9 lb powder expended Same day, fired for Captain Hancock's landing: 9 guns fired, 9 half-pounders, 9 lb powder expended 30th, fired for the King's birthday: 21 guns fired, 1 eighteen-pounder, 5 nine-pounders, 15 half-pounders, 42 lb powder expended 2 horns powder expended for priming: 6 lb powder expended Powder to the guard and outports: 36 lb powder expended Powder for exercising: 63 lb powder expended Total: 46 guns fired, 1 shot fired, 1 eighteen-pounder, 3 nine-pounders, 2 six-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 33 half-pounders, 220 lb powder expended John French, gunner Sponge staves: 16 Lead balls: 6 lb Linstocks: 12 Handspikes: 8 lb Cartridge cases: 10 Match: 35 lb Paper: 63 quires 2 sheets Powder horns: 6 Formers: 4 Trucks: 2 Budge barrels: 4
184		181	Expended for the Use of the Generall Table in the Month of October 1743 70 Bottles Port Wine 4 : 7 : 6 40 Bottles Mountain 2 : 10 : " 24 Bottles Red Cape 2 : 8 : " 1 Bottle White Cape " : 2 : " 295 Bottles Small Beer 1 : 15 : 6 8 Bottles Florence Oyl 1 : " : " 117 Gallons Arrach 14 : 12 : 6 200 lb Sugar 3 : 12 : " 40 lb Candy " : 13 : 4 24 Casks flower 4 : 4 : 3 1½ lb pepper " : 1 : 6 3 Bushells Salt " : 15 : " 53 lb Salt Beef 7 : 19 : " 67 lb Pork 6 : 7 : 1 3 Goats 1 : 5 : " 3 Hogs 1 : 3 : " 100 fresh Beef 1 : 3 : " 13 Fowls 1 : 2 : 6 2 Turkeys " : 10 : " 1 Gross Corks " : 2 : 3 1 Gallon Lamp Oyl Total £56 : 2 : 5 Mr Robert Wright Storekeeper this Day brought in his Collection of Stores from the first of July to the 30th September 1743 vizt	The account of goods expended for the use of the general table in the month of October 1743 was produced as follows. 70 bottles port wine: £4 7s 6d 40 bottles mountain wine: £2 10s 0d 24 bottles red Cape wine: £2 8s 0d 1 bottle white Cape wine: 0s 2d 295 bottles small beer: £1 15s 0d 8 bottles Florence oil: £1 0s 0d 117 gallons arrack: £14 12s 6d 200 lb sugar: £3 12s 0d 40 lb candy: 13s 4d 24 casks flour: £4 4s 3d 1.5 lb pepper: 1s 6d 3 bushels salt: 15s 0d 53 lb salt beef: £7 19s 0d 67 lb pork: £6 7s 10d 3 goats: £1 15s 0d 3 hogs: £1 3s 0d 100 lb fresh beef: £1 3s 0d 15 fowls: £1 2s 6d 2 turkeys: 10s 0d 1 gross corks: 2s 3d 1 gallon lamp oil: [...] Total: £56 2s 5d Robert Wright, storekeeper, that day brought in his collection of stores from 1 July to 30 September 1743.
185		182	Collection of Goods sold & delivered out of the Honble Companys Stores from the 1st July to the 30th Sepbr 1743 vizt Arrach 62 Gallons 21 : 14 : " Brandy 126¾ Gall 119 : 6 : 4½ Sugar & Candy vizt 13 " 4 Sugar 36 : 10 : " 2 " 3 9¼ Candy 11 : 18 : 4½ 48 : 8 : 4½ Bread & Flower vizt 1b 1 15 Bread 22 : 18 : 9 8 " 1 23 Flour 11 : 16 : 9 34 : 15 : 6 Soap 147 lb 7 : 7 : " Tea 10 lb 1 : 10 : " Candles 8½ lb 1 : 1 : 3 Pepper 1 lb " : 1 : " Oyl vizt 1 Bottle Florence " : 3 : 2 1 Gallon Linseed " : 6 : 8 5¼ Gallons Train 6 : 16 : 3 7 : 6 : 8 China Ware vizt 4 Tea pots " : 6 : " 38 Nogging Cups " : 7 : 6 1 Sett Dishes & Plates Colourd & Gilt 1 : 14 : " 2 : 9 : 6 Hooks & Lines vizt 64 dozn 8 hooks sorted 2 : 16 : 2 10 lb Whale bones " : 10 : 6 1 Damaged Line " : 1 : " 15 dozn Lines Sorted 4 : 9 : 7 7 : 17 : 3 Chellons 44 Pieces 29 : 14 : " Malloon 80½ Yards 10 : 14 : 8 Blankets 15 Ordinary 6 : 11 : 3 Shoes Vizt 52 Pr Womens 10 : 16 : 8 17 Pr Mens best 6 : 3 : 3 2 Pr Do Ordinary " : 12 : 4 17 : 12 : 3 Carried over £328 : 16 : 7	The collection of goods sold and delivered out of the Honourable Company's stores from 1 July to 30 September 1743 was recorded as follows. Arrack, 62 gallons: £21 14s 0d Brandy, 126 gallons: £119 6s 4.5d Sugar and candy: 13 lb 4 oz sugar: £36 10s 0d 2 lb 3.5 oz candy: £11 18s 6d Total sugar and candy: £48 8s 6d Bread and flour: 16 lb 1.15 bread: £22 18s 9d 8 lb 1.23 flour: £11 16s 9d Total bread and flour: £34 15s 6d Soap, 147 lb: £7 7s 0d Tea, 10 lb: £1 7s 10d Candles, 8.5 lb: £1 1s 3d Pepper, 1 lb: 1s 0d Oil, viz: 1 bottle Florence oil: 3s 2d 1 gallon linseed oil: 6s 8d 0.75 gallon train oil: 6s 16s 3d Total oil: £7 6s 8d China ware, viz: 4 tea pots: 6s 0d 38 noggin cups: 2s 6d 1 set dishes and plates coloured and gilt: £1 14s 0d Total china ware: £2 9s 6d Hooks and lines, viz: 64 dozen 8 hooks sorted: £2 16s 2d 10 lb blue hooks: 10s 6d 1 damaged line: 1s 0d 15 dozen lines sorted: £4 9s 7d Total hooks and lines: £7 17s 3d Shalloons, 44 pieces: £29 14s 0d Sagathy, 80.5 yards: £10 14s 8d Blankets, 15 ordinary: £6 11s 3d Shoes, viz: 52 pairs women's: £10 16s 8d 17 pairs men's boots: £6 3s 3d 2 pairs ordinary: 12s 4d Total shoes: £17 12s 3d Carried over: £328 16s 7d
186		183	Brought over Shoes Brought over 17 : 12 : 3 £328 : 16 : 7 26 Pr Boys 2 : " : 10 3 Pr Girls " : 9 : 4 20 : 2 : 5 Haberdashery ware vizt 24 lb Mohair " : 15 : 1 4 dozn Coat Buttons " : 4 : " 5 dozn Bread " : 2 : 6 12½ lb Pins " : 16 : 1½ 5 lb Needles " : 5 : " 2 lb narrow Holland Tape " : 7 : 9 7½ lb broad Do " : " : 9 10 Pr Carnation " : 1 : " 6 lb Dobbing " : 3 : 7 21½ Yards Clay Tape " : 5 : 9 22 Yards Fardening 3 : 4 : 7½ Hosiers ware vizt 7 lb Mens Stockings " : 15 : 6 4 Pr Womens Do 1 : 2 : 8 4 Pr Boys " : 3 : 2 2 : 1 : 4 Soldiers Cloaths 15 Pr Thread Stockings 2 : 15 : " Oars 6 14 foot 1 : 10 : " Broad Cloth vizt 7¼ Yds Scarlet 7 : 17 : 6 1½ Yds Blue 1 : 10 : " 9 : 7 : 6 Flannell 21¼ Yards 1 : 15 : 10 Sagathy 11½ Yds 1 : 10 : 11½ Kersey 12 Pr 6 : 7 : 3½ Glaziers ware vizt 107 Sqrs Glass 6 by 8 1 : 15 : 8 30 Do 8 by 10 1 : 2 : 6 4 Rewetts Stopperd " : 3 : 4 2 Door Passes " : 2 : 10 1 Wine & Water Glass " : 1 : 3 10 Wine Glasses " : 6 : 8 3 : 14 : 3 Coales ½ Bushell " : " : 9 Duck 41½ yards Russia Sail Cloth " : " : 3 Carried over £381 : 11 : 6½	The account continued as follows. Brought over: £328 16s 7d Shoes brought over: £17 12s 3d 6 pairs boys' shoes: 10s 0d 3 pairs girls' shoes: 9s 4d Total shoes: £20 2s 5d Haberdashery ware, viz: 11 lb mohair: 15s 1d 4 dozen coat buttons: 4s 0d 5 dozen thread: 2s 6d 12.5 M pins: 16s 1.5d 5 dozen needles: 3s 0d 24 yards narrow Holland tape: 7s 9d 7.5 yards broad ditto: 9d 1 yard carnation ribbon: 1s 0d 6 yards bobbin: 3s 7d 21.5 yards stay tape: 5s 9d 22 yards pack thread: [...] Total haberdashery ware: £3 4s 7.5d Hosiery ware, viz: 3.5 pairs men's stockings: 15s 6d 4 pairs women's ditto: £1 2s 8d 4 pairs boys' ditto: 3s 2d Total hosiery ware: £2 6s 4d Soldiers' clothes, 15 pairs thread stockings: £2 15s 0d Oars, 6 at 14 feet: £1 10s 0d Broad cloth, viz: 7.5 yards scarlet: £7 17s 6d 1.75 yards purple: £1 10s 0d Total broad cloth: £9 7s 6d Flannel, 21.5 yards: £1 15s 10d Sagathy, 11.5 yards: £1 10s 11.5d Kersey, 12 pieces: £6 7s 3.5d Glazier ware, viz: 107 square feet glass, 6 by 8: £1 15s 8d 30 square feet ditto, 8 by 10: £1 2s 6d 4 [...]: 3s 4d 2 door passes: 2s 10d 1 wine and water glass: 1s 3d 10 wine glasses: 6s 8d Total glazier ware: £3 14s 3d Coals, 0.5 bushel: 9d Duck, 21.5 yards Russia sail cloth: 3d Carried over: £381 11s 6.5d
187		184	Brought over £381 : 11 : 6½ Canvas 8½ Yards English " : 15 : 1½ Salt 5 Peck " : 6 : 9½ 6 : 12 : 2 Shirts vizt 44 Shirts @ 2/6 5 : 10 : " 7 Do @ 3½ 1 : 2 : 2 Combs 2 Buckling " : " : 10 41 Ivory " : 2 : 7 2 : 7 : 10 Thread vizt 7½ lb White Brown 2 : 19 : 3 22 lb Coloured Thread 3 : 18 : 9 17 Oz Twine 1 : 9 : " 8 : 7 : " Twine 8 lb Shoe Thread " : " : " Leather 91½ lb Soles 4 : 13 : 1 1 Calve Skin " : 11 : 6 5 : 6 : 7 Vinegar 17 Gallons " : 5 : 3 Cordage 12 lb 6 oz 9 lb 27 : 4 : 12 Long Cloth 8½ Pr 11 : 8 : " Corks 3 Gross " : 13 : 6 Nails vizt 144½ 6d 4 : 16 : 4 8½ 3d " : 7 : 9½ 10 20d " : 5 : " 8 30d " : 4 : " 100½ 10d 2 : 14 : 3 ½ Tacks " : 7½ 8 : 15 : " Pitch 1 Barrell Tarr 1 : 14 : 6 7½ lb Rozin " : 7 : 10½ 3½ Gall Tarre Pitch " : 3 : 6 1½ Barrell Pitch 2 : 11 : " 3 : 6 : 6½ Paint vizt 4 lb Verdigrease " : 14 : " 10½ Oz Indico " : 17 : 5 6¾ lb Whiting " : 1 : 10½ 6 lb Whitel Lead " : 2 : 6 ½ lb Powder Blue " : 1 : 3 Brushes 6 1 : 7 : "½ Carried over £446 : 19 : 4½	Brought over: £381 11s 6.5d Canvas, 8.5 yards English: 15s 1.5d Salt, 5 pecks: 6s 9.5d Shirts, viz: 44 shirts at 2s 6d: £5 10s 0d 7 ditto at 3s 6d: £1 2s 2d Total shirts: £6 12s 2d Combs: 2 buckling: 10d 41 ivory: £2 7s 0d Total combs: £2 7s 10d Thread, viz: 7.5 lb white and brown: £2 19s 3d 22 lb coloured thread: £3 18s 9d 17 oz nuns' thread: £1 9s 0d Total thread: £8 7s 3d Twine, 8 lb shoe thread: [...] Leather, 81.5 lb sole: £4 13s 1d 1 calf skin: £11 6d Total leather: £5 6s 7d Vinegar, 17 gallons: 5s 3d Cordage, 6 cwt 6 lb 9d: £27 4s 12d Long cloth, 8.5 pieces: £11 8s 0d Corks, 3 gross: 13s 6d Nails, viz: 144.5 lb 6d: £1 16s 4d 8.5 lb 3d: 7s 9.5d 10 lb 20d: 5s 0d 8 lb 30d: 4s 0d 100.5 lb 10d: £2 14s 3d 0.5 lb tacks: 7.5d Total nails: £8 8s 0d Pitch, tar and barrels: 1 barrel tar: £1 14s 6d 7.5 cwt Trigin: 7s 10.5d 3.5 gallons tar pitch: 3s 6d 1.5 barrel pitch: £2 11s 0d Total pitch: £3 6s 6.5d Paint, viz: 4 lb verdigris: 14s 0d 10.5 oz smalt: 17s 5d 63 lb whiting: £1 10.5d 6 lb white lead: 2s 6d 0.5 lb powder blue: 1s 3d Brushes, 6: [...] Carried over: £464 19s 4.5d
188		185	Brought over £461 : 19 : 4½ Deals vizt 199 double 39 : 16 : " 2 Wainscot Inch Boards " : 12 : " 40 : 8 : " Beef and Pork vizt 2½ lb Beef " : 9 : " 1½ Pork " : 3 : 6 " : 12 : 6 Gold Twist ½ oz " : 4 : 7½ Ironmonger Ware vizt 2 Shod Shovels " : 3 : " 3 Iron Do " : 8 : 3 4 Iron Rimd Locks " : 13 : 6 5 Stock Locks " : 7 : 9 3 Padlocks " : 13 : 6 4 Trowell " : 1 : 9 2 : 9 : 9 German Serge 33½ Yards 8 : 12 : 5½ Turners ware vizt 2 Flashkets " : 7 : 6 7 Wood Bowls " : 6 : 5 3 Cloth Brushes " : 5 : " 1 Grubbing Brush " : 2 : " 1 Hair Broom " : 2 : 3 Two Mopps " : 3 : 4 1 Camel Brush " : " : 6 3 Skimming Dishes " : " : " 1 : 7 : 6 Iron Potts 3 " : " : " Braziers ware vizt 1 Ladle " : 2 : 8 1 Skimmer " : 4 : " " : 6 : 8 Muslin lb " : 7 : 6 Cutlery ware & Shoe Knives " : 3 : 8 Fustian lb 1 : 7 : 6 Deesookes lb " : 7 : " Tinware 1 Pudding Pan " : 2 : 3 Totall sold £521 : 15 : 9½	Brought over: £464 19s 4.5d Deals, viz: 199 double: £9 16s 0d 2 wainscot inch boards: 12s 0d Total deals: £10 8s 0d Beef and pork, viz: 2 lb beef: [...] 1.5 lb pork: 9s 6d Total beef and pork: 12s 6d Gold twist, 0.5 oz: 4s 9.5d Ironmongery ware, viz: 2 shod shovels: 3s 0d 3 iron ditto: 8s 3d 4 iron rimmed locks: 13s 6d 5 stock locks: 7s 9d 3 padlocks: 13s 6d 9 trowels: 1s 9d Total ironmongery ware: £2 9s 9d German serge, 33.5 yards: £8 12s 5.5d Turners' ware, viz: 2 flaskets: 7s 6d 7 wood bowls: 6s 5d 3 cloth brushes: 5s 0d 1 scrubbing brush: 2s 0d 1 hair broom: 2s 3d Two mops: 3s 4d 1 paint brush: 4s 6d 3 skimming dishes: 1s 0d Total turners' ware: £1 7s 6d Iron pots, 3: [...] Braziers' ware, viz: 1 ladle: 2s 8d 1 skimmer: 4s 0d Total braziers' ware: 6s 8d Muslin: £1 6s 8d Cutlery ware and shoe knives: 3s 8d Fustian, 1 piece: £1 7s 6d Deer sockets, 2 pieces: 7s 0d Tinware, 1 pudding pan: 2s 3d Total sold: £521 15s 9.5d
189		186	Fortification for the Months of July August and Septbr 1743 vizt Deals 98 double 13 : 1 : 4 Bunting vizt 12 Yds Blue " : 10 : " 10 Yds White " : 7 : 6 " : 17 : 6 Ironware vizt 1 Loping Ax " : 2 : 4 21 Shovles " : 13 : 6 1 Trowell " : 1 : " " : 15 : 10 Thread 2 lb followed " : 1 : 6 Iron potts One " : 1 : " Oars 4 14 foot " : 13 : 4 Cordage 2 lb 2 : 8 : 4 Cart wheels 21 Barrow Wheels 3 : 10 : " Nails 1 Cwt 24 6d " : 14 : 2 6 20d " : 1 : 9 1 3d " : 1 : 7 2 10d " : " : 8 " : 17 : 2 Lines 3 No 1 " : " : 6¾ Glazierware 2 lb Glass 8 by 10 " : " : 9 Totall£ 23 : 9 : 10¾ Diet Expenas for the Month of July Augt & September 1743 vizt Arrack 214 Gallons 4 82 : 16 : " Bread & Flour vizt 14 lb Bread " : 2 : " 20 " 4 Flour 16 : 14 : "¾ Salt 15 Bushels " : 4 : 7 : 6 Sugar & Candy vizt 8 " 16 lb Sugar 11 : 1 : 10 1 " 26 Candy 2 : 3 : 13 : 2 : 5 85 20 Bottles Florence 3 : 9 : " Vinegar 22 Galls 2 : 2 : 7 Brandy 5 lb " : 13 : 7 Pepper 1 lb " : 2 : 5 Tea 10 lb Carried over 123 : 17 : 2¾	Fortification account for the months of July, August and September 1743. Deals, 98 double: £1 3s 1.4d Bunting, viz: 12 yards blue: 10s 0d 10 yards white: 7s 6d Total bunting: 17s 6d Ironware, viz: 1 loping axe: 2s 4d 21 shovels: 13s 6d 1 trowel: 1s 0d Total ironware: 15s 10d Thread, 1.5 lb: 1s 6d Iron pots, one: 1s 0d Oars, 1 at 14 feet: 13s 4d Cordage, 2 cwt: £2 8s 4d Cart wheel and barrow wheels, 21: £3 10s 0d Nails, 1 cwt, viz: 24 lb 6d: 14s 2d 6 lb 20d: 1s 9d 1 lb 3d: 1s 7d 2 lb 10d: 8d Total nails: £1 7s 2d Lines, 3 at number 1: 6.75d Glazier ware, 2 square feet glass 8 by 10: 9d Total: £23 9s 10.75d Diet expenses for the months of July, August and September 1743. Arrack, 114 gallons at 4s: £82 16s 0d Bread and flour, viz: 14 lb bread: 2s 0d 20 lb 4 oz flour: 4s 0d Total bread and flour: 16s 4.75d Salt, 15 bushels: £4 7s 6d Sugar and candy, viz: 8 lb 16 oz sugar: £11 1s 10d 1 lb 26 oz candy: £2 3s 5d Total sugar and candy: £13 2s 5d Brandy, 20 bottles Florence: £3 9s 0d Vinegar, 22 gallons: £2 2s 7d Pepper, 5 lb: [...] Tea, 1 lb: [...] Carried over: £123 17s 2.75d
190		187	Charges Generall for the Months of July Augt & September 1743 vizt Candles lb "2s Oyle 8¾ Gallons Train 1 : 9 : 2 31 Do Linseed 6 : 16 : 11 36 : 15 : 3 Pitch 16 lb " : 2 : 8 18 Rozin " : 3 : " 8 : 6 : 6 Ironware Vizt 3 Stock Locks 1 Whip saw file " : 2 : 10½ 4 Padlock " : 3 : 9 2 Hand Sharpeners " : 3 : 3½ 1 Hoe Do " : 3 : 10 2 doz Fturding files " : 3 : 4 2 doz files sorted A " : 4 : 3 2 doz Do B " : 7 : 9½ ½ doz Do C " : 1 : " 1 doz Do D " : 1 : " 6 Hobbles " : 19 : 10 2 hand Vises " : 5 : 6 3 : 15 : 8½ Iron 2 " 2 14 1 : 16 : 9 Nails vizt 2d Rwett " : " : 11 Do 3 Nails " : 2 : 5 13 " 15 Do " : 5 : " 67 " 6d 1 : 7 : 4 4 " 20d " : 1 : 2 1 : 7 : "½ Canvas 35 Yds English 2 : 2 : 3½ Twine 9 lb Shoe thrid 2 : 11 : " Hooks & Lines vizt 6 doz Lines " : 13 : 4 16 lb Hooks Sorted " : 6 : 4 1 doz Blue Hooks " : " : 4 " : 19 : 8 Lead 20 lb Sheet " : 3 : 3½ 13 Pig " : 2 : 8 60¾ lb Bird Shot " : 10 : " " : 15 : 9½ Cordage 1 lb " : 19 : " Corks 7 gross " : 6 : 9½ Brazierswaro 1 Copper Fash pan Carried over £39 : 18 : 9¼	Charges general for the months of July, August and September 1743. Candles, 27 lb: £36 15s 3d Oil, viz: 8.75 gallons train oil: £1 9s 2d 31 gallons linseed oil: £6 16s 11d Total oil: £8 6s 1d Pitch, 16 lb: 2s 8d 18 lb rosin: 3s 0d Total pitch: 5s 8d Ironware, viz: 3 stock locks: [...] 1 whip saw file: 2s 10.5d 4 padlocks: 0s 5.5d 2 hand stampers: 10s 0d 1 sledge, ditto: 3s 3.5d 2 dozen warding files: 3s 10d 2 dozen files sorted A: 3s 4d 2 dozen ditto B: 4s 5d 0.5 dozen ditto C: 7s 9d 1 dozen ditto D: 2s 9.5d 6 hobbles: 19s 10d 2 hand vices: 5s 6d Total ironware: £3 15s 8.25d Iron, 2 cwt 2 qtr 14 lb: £1 16s 9d Nails, viz: 2 lb rivets: 0s 11d 3.5 lb 3d nails: 2s 0.5d 15 lb 18d ditto: 5s 0d 67 lb 6d ditto: £1 7s 11d 4 lb 20d ditto: 1s 2d Total nails: £1 17s 0.5d Canvas, 35 yards English: £2 2s 3.5d Twine, 2 lb shoe thread: [...] Hooks and lines, viz: 6 dozen lines: 13s 0d 16 dozen hooks sorted: 6s 4d 1 gross blue hooks: 0s 4d Total hooks and lines: 19s 8d Lead, viz: 20 lb sheet: 3s 3.5d 13 lb pig: 2s 5.25d 60 lb bird shot: 10s 0d Total lead: 15s 9d Cordage, 1 cwt 1 qtr 5 lb: £1 19s 0d Corks, 7 gross: 15s 9d Brazier's ware, 1 copper hash pan: 6s 11.5d Carried over: £59 10s 4.75d
191		188	Brought over 39 : 18 : 4¾ Oars 4 14 foot " : 13 : 4 Soap 1 lb " : " : 7½ Glassware Vizt 40 Sqrs Glass 6 by 8 " : 6 : 8 6 Do 8 by 10 " : 2 : 3 " : 8 : 11 Thread 1 lb Coloured " : 2 : 2 Turners ware vizt 2 Scrubbing Brushes " : 2 : 8 6 Paint Brushes " : 2 : " 2 Flashketts " : 4 : 8 " : 9 : 4 Deals vizt 43 double 5 : 14 : 8 6 Wainscott Inch Boards 1 : 4 : " 6 : 18 : 8 Bunting vizt 8½ Yards Red " : 6 : 6½ 5 Yds White " : 2 : 6 2 Yds Blue " : 1 : 1 " : 10 : 1¼ Paint vizt 60 lb Umber 1 : " : " 49 lb Verdigrease 5 : 14 : 4 25 lb Whiting " : " : 6 20 lb White Lead " : 5 : 1½ 4 lb Yellow Oaker " : " : 9¾ 50 lb Red Do " : 11 : 1 4 lb Red Lead " : " : 7 7 : 12 : 5½ Deesootees lb Blue " : 8 : 5 Kersey 11 Yards " : 12 : 4½ Haberdashery vizt 2 lb Mohair " : " : 4 1 lb Needles " : " : 6½ " : " : 10¼ Cutleryware 6 Butchers Knives " : 2 : 6 Chinaware vizt 1 Sett Dishes and Plates Coloured & Gold 1 : " : " 1 Soup Dish Do " : 13 : 4 1 : 13 : 4 Total 79 : 11 : 5¾	Brought over: £59 10s 4.75d Oars, 4 at 14 feet: 13s 4d Soap, 1 lb: 0s 7.5d Glassware, viz: 40 square feet glass, 6 by 8: 6s 8d 6 ditto, 8 by 10: 2s 3d Total glassware: 8s 11d Thread, 1 lb coloured: 2s 2d Turners' ware, viz: 2 scrubbing brushes: 2s 8d 6 paint brushes: 2s 0d 2 flaskets: 4s 8d Total turners' ware: 9s 4d Deals, viz: 43 double: £5 14s 8d 6 wainscot inch boards: £1 4s 0d Total deals: £6 18s 8d Bunting, viz: 8.5 yards red: 6s 6.5d 5 yards white: 2s 6d 2 yards blue: 1s 1d Total bunting: 10s 1.25d Paint, viz: 60 lb umber: [...] 49 lb verdigris: £5 14s 4d 25 lb whiting: 0s 6d 20 lb white lead: 5s 1.5d 4 lb yellow ochre: 0s 9.5d 50 lb red ditto: 11s 1d 4 lb red lead: 0s 7d Total paint: £7 12s 5.5d Deer socks, 1 piece blue: 8s 5d Kersey, 11 yards: 12s 4.5d Haberdashery, viz: 2 lb mohair: 0s 4d 1 gross needles: 0s 6.5d Total haberdashery: 0s 10.75d Cutlery ware, 6 butcher knives: 2s 6d China ware, viz: 1 set dishes and plates, coloured and gilt: [...] 1 soup dish, ditto: 13s 4d Total china ware: £1 13s 4d Total: £79 11s 5.75d Interpretations The paint account reveals the practical chemistry of the period. Verdigris, a green pigment made by corroding copper with vinegar, and red lead and white lead, both toxic lead-oxide compounds, were the standard pigments for protective exterior paint, valued for resisting salt air and damp rather than for appearance; their heavy use here reflects the constant battle against corrosion and rot in the Company's buildings and fittings on an exposed Atlantic island. Turners' ware denotes household items shaped on a lathe from wood, here brushes with turned handles and flaskets, which were shallow wicker or wooden baskets used for carrying provisions or laundry; their presence in the general account rather than a separate craft record suggests the Company imported such items ready-made rather than employing its own turner. Kersey was a coarse, ribbed woollen cloth, cheap and hard-wearing, typically used for labourers' and soldiers' clothing, consistent with its appearance here alongside soldiers' stockings and other issue clothing in the Company's stores rather than among finer household goods.
192		189	Blacks for the Months of July August & Sept 1743 vizt Long Cloth 2 lb Ordinary 1 : 17 : 4 Deesootees 7 lb Blue 2 : 18 : 11 Cordage 79 lb 1 : 6 : 4 Chellows 7 lb 2 : 14 : 5 Shoes 2 lb Ordinary " : 8 : 2 Rice 77 : 1 : 14 13 : 10 : 9¾ Beef and Pork vizt 2 Puncheons Beef 25 : 6 : " 2 Hogsheads Pork 27 : 7 : 6 52 : 13 : 6 Totall£ 75 : 9 : 5¾ Plantation for the Months of July August & Sept 1743 vizt Paddy 7 " 1 " 1 : 16 : 3 Ironware vizt 3 Scyth Stones " : " : 4¾ 4 Spades " : 13 : 2 12 Iron Shovells 1 : 13 : " 1 Pr Stilliards " : 9 : 10½ 2 : 16 : 5¼ Cordage 6 lb 1 : 5 : 4 Cutleryware 2 Shoe Knives " : 1 : 6 Oyl 1 Gallon Train " : 3 : 4 Tarr 4 Galls " : 2 : 8 Nails vizt 4 " 20d " : 1 : 2 2 " 3d " : 1 : 2 " : 2 : 4 Ironpotts 6 2 : 7 : 7 Totall 8 : 15 : 5¼ Garrison for the Months of July August & September 1743 vizt Tea 36 lb 2 : 6 : 8 Oyl vizt 39½ Gall Train 6 : 11 : 8 3 Bottles Florence " : 7 : 6 6 : 19 : 2 Arrack 27 Gallons 5 : 8 : " Carried over 14 : 13 : 10	Blacks account for the months of July, August and September 1743. Long cloth, 2 pieces ordinary: £1 17s 4d Deer socks, 7 pieces blue: £2 18s 11d Cordage, 79 lb: £1 6s 4d Shalloons, 7 pieces: £2 14s 5d Shoes, 2 pairs ordinary: 8s 2d Rice, 77 lb 1 qtr 14 lb: £13 10s 9.75d Beef and pork, viz: 2 puncheons beef: £25 6s 0d 2 hogsheads pork: £27 7s 6d Total beef and pork: £52 13s 6d Total: £75 9s 5.75d Plantation account for the months of July, August and September 1743. Paddy, 7 lb 1 qtr: £1 16s 3d Ironware, viz: 3 scythe stones: 0s 4.75d 4 spades: 13s 2d 12 iron shovels: £1 13s 0d 1 pair steelyards: 9s 10.5d Total ironware: £2 16s 5.25d Cordage, 6 lb: £1 5s 4d Cutlery ware, 3 shoe knives: 1s 6d Oil, 1 gallon train: 3s 4d Tar, 4 gallons: 2s 8d Nails, viz: 4 lb 20d: 1s 2d 2 lb 3d: 1s 2d Total nails: 2s 4d Iron pots, 6: £2 7s 7d Total: £8 15s 5.25d Garrison account for the months of July, August and September 1743. Tea, 36 lb: £2 6s 8d Oil, viz: 39.5 gallons train: £6 11s 8d 3 bottles Florence: 7s 6d Total oil: £6 19s 2d Arrack, 27 gallons: £5 8s 0d Carried over: £14 13s 10d Interpretations The blacks account records provisioning specifically for the Company's slaves, distinct from the diet and garrison accounts for free personnel, and its heavy weighting toward rice, beef and pork, together with coarse cloth for clothing, sets out the standard ration and dress the Company was obliged to supply. Paddy was unhusked rice, kept in the husk for storage or for planting, its presence in the plantation account suggesting it was issued as seed rather than as food, which was drawn separately from store in husked form.
193		190	Garrison Brought over 14 : 13 : 10 Ironware vizt 6 Hammers " : 7 : 6 1 Chizell " : " : 11 4 Gimbletts " : " : 6¾ 1 Stock Lock " : " : 11½ " : 9 : 11¼ Twine 2 lb " : 2 : 10 Thread 2 lb Coloured " : 4 : 4 Lines 6 No 5 " : 2 : 2½ Nails 8 lb 3d " : 4 : 8 Turnersware Vizt 13 Platters " : 7 : 7 12 Bowls " : 7 : " " : 14 : 7 Total £16 : 12 : 4¾ Hospital for the Months of July August and September 1743 vizt Oyl 1 Gall Train " : 3 : 4 Braziersware 1 Copper Sautepan " : 12 : 2 Turnersware vizt 6 Bowls " : 3 : 6 1 Ladle " : " : 2 " : 3 : 8 Thread 1 lb Coloured " : 2 : 2 Bread 98 lb " : 14 : " Sugar 36 lb " : 8 : 9 Canvas 2 Yds Sacking " : 1 : 4 Deals 1 Double " : 2 : 8 Nails vizt 6 lb 6d Nails " : 2 : 6 1½ 3d " : " : 10½ " : 3 : 4½ Soap 4 lb " : 2 : 6 Rice 3 " 3 " 14 " : 13 : 6¼ Total 3 : 7 : 5¾ G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright	Garrison account continued and Hospital account for July, August and September 1743. Garrison brought over: £14 13s 10d Ironware, viz: 6 hammers: 7s 6d 1 chisel: 0s 11d 4 gimlets: 0s 6.75d 1 stock lock: 0s 11.5d Total ironware: 9s 11.25d Twine, 2 lb: 2s 10d Thread, 2 lb coloured: 4s 4d Lines, 6 at number 5: 2s 2.5d Nails, 8 lb 3d: 4s 8d Turners' ware, viz: 13 platters: 7s 7d 12 bowls: 7s 0d Total turners' ware: 14s 7d Total: £16 12s 4.75d Hospital for the months of July, August and September 1743, viz: Oil, 1 gallon train: 3s 4d Brazier's ware, 1 copper saucepan: 12s 2d Turners' ware, viz: 6 bowls: 3s 6d 1 ladle: 0s 2d Total turners' ware: 3s 8d Thread, 1 lb coloured: 2s 2d Bread, 98 lb: 14s 0d Sugar, 36 lb: 8s 9d Canvas, 2 yards sacking: 1s 4d Deals, 1 double: 2s 8d Nails, viz: 6 lb 6d nails: 2s 6d 1.5 lb 3d ditto: 0s 10.5d Total nails: 3s 4.5d Soap, 4 lb: 2s 6d Rice, 3 cwt 3 qtr 14 lb: 13s 6.25d Total: £3 7s 5.75d G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright, storekeeper Interpretations The hospital kept its own brazier's ware and turned bowls and ladle, distinct from the general kitchen equipment recorded elsewhere in these accounts, which points to food and medicine being prepared separately for the sick rather than drawn from the garrison's common cooking.
194		191	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 6 Decr 1743 Present G. G. Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was Read & approved Muster Roll Ship Duke Lorrain Nathaniel Hancock Wm Brown John Mumford Poison Bonham Wm Gutheridge David Jones Andrew Elton John Fisher Saml Smith Thos Lakeham John Hoggart Thos Hudson Ben Wall Philip Martin Simon Frazier Benj Tillson John Adams Thos Berryman John Hewly George Clayton Andrew Smith Thos Hunt Richard Stanmore Edward Bray James Belnkey Anthony Sudsfino Rich Pastrino Wm Avis G Patrick Pat Murray John Warren Bryon Matthews John Martin Henry Purdon Wm Cooper John Hoa James Abercromy John Pillsworth Henry Fletcher John Greenwood Wm Wilson Stephen Window Moris Comas Robt Pistor David Hurly Thomas Lane Danl Louthe Robt Boyre Edward Dicker Henry Clark H Amyms Andrew Johnston Jarobin Wantest Henry Flesover Simon Whitfield Alb Godran Wm Crane Godl Hankey Cornelius Cockt Urgin Doll Cortsall Peter Overstrait John Marcus Black Tom	At a consultation held on Tuesday, 6 December 1743. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Governor; John Godfrey, second of council; Robert Wright, third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. Muster roll, ship Duke of Lorraine. 1: Nathaniel Hancock 2: William Brown 3: John Mumford 4: Poison Bonham 5: William Gutheridge 6: David Jones 7: Andrew Alton 8: John Fisher 9: Samuel Smith 10: Thomas Lakeham 11: John Hoggart 12: Thomas Hudson 13: Benjamin Wall 14: Philip Martin 15: Simon Frazier 16: Benjamin Tillson 17: John Adams 18: Thomas Berryman 19: John Newby 20: George Clayton 21: Andrew Smith 22: Thomas Hunt 23: Richard Stanmore 24: Edward Bray 25: James Belaskey 26: Anthony Sardinia 27: Nicholas Pastorine 28: William Avis 29: George Patrick 30: Patrick Murray 31: John Warren 32: Bryan Matthews 33: John Martin 34: Henry Purdon 35: William Cooper 36: John Roe 37: James Abercromy 38: John Pillsworth 39: Henry Fletcher 40: John Greenwood 41: William Wilson 42: Stephen Window 43: Morris Thomas 44: Robert Pistor 45: David Hurly 46: Thomas Lane 47: Daniel Louthe 48: Robert Boyre 49: Edward Dicker 50: Henry Clark 51: H. Amyms 52: Andrew Johnston 53: Jacobin Vanlest 54: Henry Flesover 55: Simon Whitfield 56: Alb. Godran 57: William Crane 58: God. Hankey 59: Cornelius Cockt 60: Argin Doll 61: [...] Cortsall 62: Peter Overstrait 63: John Marcus 64: Black Tom
195		192	Since Capt Hancocks departure we have found one of his Men named Smith who deserted from ye Ship tho' he was in good health and notwithstanding the Ship was in so great extremity Wherefore we thot it advisable to detain the said Smith here to fill up the Vacancy of those Men as spared from hence for the safety of the Honble Compys Cargoe on Board Do Lorrain On the 23d day of Novr last arrivd the Honble Companys Sloop the Swift Commanded by Capt Stevens from Madagascar laden with 70 Slaves all well & in good Condition she left with us for the Honble Company the following particulars vizt Men Slaves 60 Boys Do 10 Rice 52 Bags Calivanches 20 Bags Gunpowder 8 Barrells Mr John Alexander Son of Mr John Alexander late 2d of Council of this place this day appeared before us & requested that he might be taken in as an Assistant Writer his father having served the Company faithfully upwards of 40 Years & died in their Service & left a Widow & a large family & that it would be a great Service to him & his Relations We on Consideration of the Circumstances of the Case & finding the Number of yr Honble Compys Servants were much less than Usuall & that the Business was too much for those that Acted have this Day taken him in till such time as he shall meet with the Allowance & Continuance of our Honble Masters Mr Robert Wright this day alledging how that the Business of the Storekeeper & Secretary were too much to be Carried on by him to the Satisfaction of yr Honble Company We thereupon appointed Mr Joshua Twyman the Senr factor here Secretary untill such time as there should be further provisions made for the same On 28th Novr Sailed the Honble Companys Ships Severn Capt Collier Duke of Lorrain Capt Hancock & the Swift Sloop Capt Stevens for England On the 30 Novr last arrived the Honble Companys Ships Grantham Capt Hale & the Neptune Capt Dabbady from Madagascar	Following Captain Hancock's departure, one of his men, a deserter named Smith, was found still on the island despite being in good health when the ship sailed in such distress. The council judged it advisable to keep Smith there to make up the number of men who had been spared from the garrison for the safety of the Honourable Company's cargo aboard the Duke of Lorraine. On 23 November the Honourable Company's sloop Swift, commanded by Captain Stevens, arrived from Madagascar carrying seventy slaves, all in good health and condition. She left with the council, for the Company's account, the following. Men slaves: 60 Boy slaves: 10 Rice: 52 bags Calavances: 20 bags Gunpowder: 8 barrels John Alexander, son of the late John Alexander, formerly second of council, appeared before the council and asked to be taken on as an assistant writer. He set out that his father had served the Company faithfully for more than forty years, had died in its service, and had left a widow and a large family, and that a place for him would greatly help them. Considering these circumstances, and that the Company's servants on the island were fewer than usual and overburdened with work, the council took him on until the Company's directors should decide on his allowance and continuance. Robert Wright represented to the council that the combined duties of storekeeper and secretary were too much for him to discharge to the Company's satisfaction. The council accordingly appointed Joshua Twyham, factor here, as secretary until further provision could be made. On 28 November the Honourable Company's ships Severn, under Captain Collier, and Duke of Lorraine, under Captain Hancock, sailed for England together with the sloop Swift under Captain Stevens. On 30 November the Honourable Company's ships Grantham, under Captain Hale, and Neptune, under Captain Dabbady, arrived from Madagascar.
196		193	Muster Roll of Ship Grantham Mr Pattle 1st Mate Mr Waller 2d Fra Wyatt 3d Wm Jordan 4th Zachary Albert Geo Boobarn Wm Prince Jos Furlong Robt Vaughan Thos Horsley B Wilstead F Naaford Richd Kingsfield D Cockburn James Dunbar Richd Turner Robt Brown John Stow John Green Thos Kaig Ed Cauling Caulker Jones Jos Jones G Barker Thos Griffis Jos Cok Wm Fowler S Oxtes Ingram Cordbn Tho Tough John Sysfit John Kotler Hayes Emu Doubder Thos Woxby Tho Griffith J Beal G Haston Edwd Howard John Branagun Jos Good John Eaton Peter Deaby John Jaycsling Gilbert Chescot John Wilson John Seadmore Alexander Gow Wm Door Benjamin Good John Brooks Thos Wilson Edward Dool John Welch Saml Whittington Richd Voegle Thos Deal John Harrison Sillom John Wheat John Tayfer John Thornhell John Aszill John West Simon Avy James Steward Jonathan Tilly	Muster roll, ship Grantham. 1: Mr Pattle, first mate 2: Mr Waller, second mate 3: Francis Wyatt, third mate 4: William Jordan, fourth mate 5: Zachary Albert 6: George Boschairn 7: William Prince 8: John Furlong 9: Robert Vaughan 10: Richard Horsley 11: Edward Wolstead 12: Francis Naaford 13: Richard Hungsford 14: David Cockburn 15: James Dunbar 16: Richard Turner 17: Robert Brown 18: John Stow 19: John Green 20: Thomas Craig 21: Edward Cawling 22: Walter Jones 23: Joseph Jones 24: George Barker 25: Thomas Griffis 26: Joseph Cook 27: William Fowler 28: [...] Oates 29: Ingram Chandler 30: Thomas Tough 31: John Chapil 32: John Hatler 33: [...] Hayes 34: Emmanuel Doubader 35: Thomas Moxley 36: Thomas Griffith 37: [...] Neal 38: George Haslon 39: Edward Steward 40: John Branagan 41: Joseph Good 42: John Eaton 43: Peter Dealey 44: John Joycsling 45: Gilbert Truscot 46: John Wilson 47: John Seadmore 48: Alexander Gow 49: William Door 50: Benjamin Good 51: John Brooker 52: Thomas Wilson 53: Edward Doel 54: John Welch 55: Samuel Whittington 56: Richard Veegle 57: Thomas Dent 58: John Harrison 59: [...] Sillom 60: John Wheat 61: John Tayler 62: John Thornhill 63: John Astill 64: John West 65: Simon Avy 66: James Steward 67: Jonathan Tilly
197		194	Muster Roll of Ship Neptune Commander Mr Edwd Liddman 1st Mate Mr John Frost 2d Mr Danl Dabbady 3d Mr Isaac Blaquire Isaac Wickham John Findlay Thos Wafer Paul Foxe James Menckell Chas Bornerman Edward Thorlton Roger Bennet Wm Middleton Daniel Doball John Paul Josh Jones Wm Fotter Josh Coulthfield Peter Chilthell Fra Baubry Thos Alexander John Bassell Peter Moscante Peter Baison Fra Cornell Saml Wilson Richard Yardley Geo Lincoln Wm Vonson James Bonham Geo Grosvenor Wm Colndoll Edwd Louise John Colps Chas Vanderswell Walter Frazier John Colf Niles Buck Joseph Orchard John Jordan Geo Vlcox John Brown Isaac Wickham Jur Walter Wilkin Mount Guines Slave Confidy Do Abraham Fatchell Henrick Myers Morris Comos	Muster roll, ship Neptune. Commander: Daniel Dabbady. 1: Edward Liddiman, first mate 2: John Ross, second mate 3: Daniel Dabbady, third mate 4: Isaac [...] 5: Isaac Wickham 6: John Yardley 7: Thomas Hafser 8: Paul Long 9: James [...] 10: Charles Bowerman 11: Edward Thorston 12: Roger Bennet 13: William Middleton 14: Daniel Dobell 15: John Paul 16: Joseph Jones 17: William Jolter 18: Joseph Faulkfield 19: Peter Fidwell 20: Francis Bewbry 21: Thomas Alexander 22: John Bassett 23: Peter Morcante 24: Peter Buson 25: Francis Cornell 26: James Wilson 27: Richard Yardley 28: George Lincoln 29: William Venson 30: James Bonham 31: George Grosvenor 32: William Blundell 33: Edward Levine 34: John Gage 35: Charles Vanderwall 36: Walter Frazier 37: John Cost 38: Niles Buck 39: Joseph Orchard 40: John Jordan 41: George Ross 42: John Brown 43: Isaac Wickham, junior 44: Walter William 45: Mount [...], slave 46: Abraham Fatchell 47: Henrick Myers 48: Morris Gomes
198		195	Capt Dabbady this day presented a Petition to the sd Effect vizt To G. G. Powell Esqr Govr & Council Sir & Sirs Having Acted in two Capacitys this Voyage under it an indispensable Duty in me to beg leave to inform you of the Condition the Ship Neptune is in As slops Cargo I can only argue upon that she wants after Crew no more than 10 Men wch hath weakned her as that the Chance Dyed were almost the very best hands appertaining that the Cargo's Effect are not in so great a security on Board after as it was before in Order she should Loose Company with the Grantham & meet any privateer as if she had her full Complement of the Crew As to that I give you Assurance that She is every good Vessell notwithstanding the groundless Reports thy have made of her Compleat in all respects fitted out in Extraordinary Good manner & Capable of making a fair resistance agt an Enemy of a Suchlike force may I presume to say even to act offensively with an equal provided she is fully Mand thereupon Gentlemen I earnestly Crave your Assistance in Sparing me as many Men as you can Conveniently do you will hereby not only enable to fulfill the Engagements the Honble the Court of Directors The Rules of her & yr are mutually under but also it will accompt of Preserving the whole with thereupon I am under some apprehentions of being taken by the Enemy considering the many privateers Cruising Continually even in our Channell as it may become a large in what such Papers being unwilling to Answer for yt full Consequence that might result therefrom if not Assisted so I leave the whole to your mature Consideration & am with the greatest regard Sir & Sirs Your most obedient & humble Servt J. Dabbadie St Helena 6 Novr 1743 Capt Hale delivered a Petition to the same Effect Upon with we sent for Capt Dabbady & Capt Hale & told them that at this unsettled Situation of Affairs in Europe it was impossible for us to spare them as the Companys Concerns were not so immediatly in Danger as they were on Board Capt Hancock G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright	Captain Dabbady presented the following petition to the council that day. To George Gabriel Powell, Governor, and the Council. Dabbady petitioned the council, stating that having acted in two capacities on this voyage, he judged it an indispensable duty to inform them of the ship's condition. He set out that she carried a large cargo yet was manned with only just over ten men, so weak handed that the Company's effects were not in real security aboard her, especially since she was to sail in loose company with the Grantham and meet privateers, unless she had her full complement of crew. He assured the council that although she was a very good vessel, groundless reports notwithstanding, made by people ignorant of her actual sailing qualities, she was not capable of making any resistance against an enemy of superior force even if fully manned. He therefore asked the council to give him whatever assistance in men they could conveniently spare, so that he might fulfil the engagements of the Honourable Company's Court of Directors, whose interests and his own were mutually bound together in preserving the ship, especially given the many privateers cruising continually near the Channel, which might otherwise leave her exposed to great danger should the men refused prove insufficient. He left the matter to the council's judgement, remaining their most obedient and humble servant. St Helena, 6 December 1743. J. Dabbady. Captain Hale delivered a similar petition to the same effect. The council thereupon sent for Captain Dabbady and Captain Hale, and told them that given the unsettled state of affairs in Europe, it was impossible for the council to spare them as many men as the Company's interests required, and that they should proceed on their voyage as well manned as they were when aboard with Captain Hancock. G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright
199		196	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 13 December 1743 Present G. G. Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was Read & approved Capt Dabbady Commander of the Ship Neptune & Mr Dabbady his 3d Mate of the said Ship this Day made a Complaint before us of the 7th Instant & abusive Language they had recd for 3 Sailors belonging in yr to the Grantham named Fridcott, Cabbs & Whittington Mr Dabbady alledging that he had been beat & abused by the aforesaid Persons & timely Assistance had not prevented would in all Likelihood have been Killed by them in a Riot wch they had Committed in this place & for wch they had been taken into Custody by the Guard Mr Waller 2d Mate of Ship Grantham & Mr Wyatt 4th Mate of the sd Ship & Mr Blakyer 4th Mate of the same at the same time also appeared & Complained against the said Three persons for their riotous and mutinous behaviour on Board the Grantham alledging that when Mr Blakyer was sent on Board the Grantham with a Message from his Commanding Officer Cabbs immediatly on his coming on the Gangway strook him a Slap on the face & swore he would take him over board Fardon Mr Wyatt yr then Commanding Officer on Board the Grantham interposed & bid Cabbs goedown from the Quarter deck he Absolutely refused & threatned Mr Wyatt that he was an Old Fox and timed to threaten off the Deck whereupon Mr Wyatt immediatly sent on Shore upon wch Mr Waller yr 2d Mate came on Board and put a stop to their Insolence by Confining them but they all still behaved in a very impudent manner & Mr Waller & Mr Wyatt also declared that they had been the Chief Ringleaders in all Disturbances during the Course of the Voyage Wch fellows upon being Called made no other Defence but that they were Drunk & did not know what they did but such enormities being of too high a nature to be past by without Punishment for an Example Wch to their odious Behaviour we thus ordered them to be Severely whipt & Delivered them to the Capt to be punished on Board as he thought proper We can't but be very much surprized at the Incivility Capt Hancock used this place for his Leaving it having taken with him a Sons Garrison probably arms both the greatest & wants	At a consultation held on Tuesday, 13 December 1743. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Governor; John Godfrey, second of council; Robert Wright, third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. Captain Dabbady, commander of the ship Neptune, and his first mate complained to the council about an incident on 7 December. Three sailors belonging to the Grantham, named Tridsell, Allen and Whittington, had used abusive language toward them and then attacked them. Dabbady said that without help arriving in time, the three men would probably have killed him. The guard had since taken all three into custody. Three officers of the Grantham brought a separate complaint before the council. Mr Waller, the second mate, Mr Wyatt, the fourth mate, and Mr Blathyer, first mate of the Thornton, accused the same three men of mutinous conduct aboard the Grantham. Blathyer had gone aboard the Grantham to deliver a message from his captain, and three of the crew blocked his way on the gangway and swore he would not come aboard. Wyatt, then the officer in command, ordered them off the quarterdeck, but they refused and threatened him instead, forcing him off the deck. They then turned on Waller, beating him severely without provocation, and treated the rest of the crew with similar insolence. Waller and Wyatt both stated that the three men had led every disturbance of the voyage. When called to answer, the men said only that they had been drunk and could not remember what they had done. The council judged the offence too serious to leave unpunished, and ordered the three whipped severely as an example before returning them to their captain for such further punishment as he thought fit. The council also expressed surprise at Captain Hancock's incivility in leaving, since he had taken with him a few garrison men who had recently arrived.
200		197	Would to behove they having been seen on Board the Continuing in the Roadstall Night after Capt Collier & Capt Stevens were under way The following is being Occasioned Deposition Daniel Owen Ensign at St Helena deposes that Yesterday in the afternoon he was Ordered by the Governour here to carry Sixteen Men on Board the Duke of Lorrain then going away to Assist the Captain and Ship in Weighing the Anchor and Homewards which the Deponent accordingly did and carried a Roll of the Men in his pockett and this Deponent saith that he and the said Men Stayed in Board they said Ship all Night in Assisting the same and that the next Morning about 10 o Clock when he came away he Ordered the Roll to be regularly called over in order to Muster his Men and Carry them safe on Shore again and upon calling the Roll over this Deponent saith he found three Men missing upon which he acquainted Captain Hancock with the same who thereupon made a sort of a Search but in a very Slight manner and then said they were not on Board Also this Deponent is Certain he brought them on Board and about Eight or Nine oClock the same Morning saw one or two receive the Dram with the Rest and that it was impossible that they should be out of the Ship there having been no Boat or other Opportunity And this Deponent further saith that he verily believes the said Captain Secreted the said Men on Board the said Ship For that this Deponent on his going out of the Ship in Saying that he would immediatly go and report the same to the Governour Captain Hancock immediatly Saluted the Fort and made what Sail he could away Signed Danl Owen The Mens Names on Board Duke Lorrain are John Jones Senr George Clarke and Henry Cator The Husband Gunner and Steward this Day brought in their Accounts which were Examind & proved & are as follows Account	It was believed likely that they had been seen aboard the ship the whole night, since Captain Collier and Captain Stevens had continued under way all night after leaving. The following is a deposition taken on this matter. Daniel Owen, ensign at St Helena, deposed that on the previous afternoon the Governor had ordered him aboard the Duke of Lorraine to assist the captain and crew in weighing anchor and getting under way, since the ship was then leaving. He carried out this order and took with him a roll of the men in his pocket. He said that he and the said men stayed aboard the ship all night assisting with the work, and that the next morning, about ten o'clock, when he came away, he ordered the roll to be called over regularly so that he might muster his men and bring them safely ashore again. On calling the roll over, he found three men missing, on which he asked Captain Hancock about them. Hancock, with the same night, made a show of searching for them in a very disorderly manner and then said they were never aboard the ship. This deponent was certain that he had brought them aboard, and that about eight or nine o'clock the same morning he had seen one or two of them drinking with the rest, so that it was impossible they should have left the ship, there having been no boat or other opportunity for them to do so. This deponent further stated that he firmly believed Captain Hancock had hidden the men aboard the ship, for when this deponent was leaving the ship he told Hancock that he would go directly and report the matter to the Governor. Hancock immediately hoisted his sails and made off as fast as he could. Signed, Daniel Owen. The three men remaining aboard the Duke of Lorraine were John Jones junior, George Clarke and Henry Eaton. The husband, gunner and steward brought in their accounts that day, which were examined, approved, and are as follows.
201		198	Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of November 1743 Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ewes, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Weathers, Kidds, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Pigs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Turtles, Muscovies, Total Remaining 1 Novr: Bullocks 38, Cows 104, Heifers 38, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 73, Bulls 6, Total 316, Ewes 94, Weathers 25, Lambs 19, Rams 3, Total 141, Ewes 142, Weathers 43, Kidds 49, Rams 4, Total 238, Sows 20, Barrows 17, Shoats 24, Pigs 66, Boars 3, Total 130, Turkeys 60, Fowls 182, Ducks 37, Geese 7, Turtles 9, Muscovies 6, Total 15 Encreased in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 9, Bulls 0, Total 9, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 2, Rams 0, Total 2, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 8, Rams 0, Total 8, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 13, Fowls 18, Ducks 7, Geese 0, Turtles 0, Muscovies 0, Total 0 Sub-total: Bullocks 38, Cows 104, Heifers 38, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 82, Bulls 6, Total 325, Ewes 94, Weathers 25, Lambs 21, Rams 3, Total 143, Ewes 142, Weathers 43, Kidds 57, Rams 4, Total 246, Sows 20, Barrows 17, Shoats 24, Pigs 66, Boars 3, Total 130, Turkeys 73, Fowls 220, Ducks 44, Geese 7, Turtles 9, Muscovies 6, Total 15 Killed in Do: Bullocks 5, Cows 2, Heifers 1, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 8, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 3, Rams 1, Total 4, Ewes 2, Weathers 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 2, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 2, Pigs 3, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 5, Fowls 5, Ducks 35, Geese 0, Turtles 0, Muscovies 0, Total 0 Died in Do: Bullocks 33, Cows 102, Heifers 37, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 82, Bulls 6, Total 317, Ewes 94, Weathers 22, Lambs 20, Rams 3, Total 139, Ewes 140, Weathers 43, Kidds 57, Rams 4, Total 244, Sows 20, Barrows 15, Shoats 21, Pigs 66, Boars 3, Total 125, Turkeys 68, Fowls 195, Ducks 44, Geese 7, Turtles 9, Muscovies 6, Total 15 Remaining 30th Do: Bullocks 33, Cows 142, Heifers 37, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 82, Bulls 6, Total 317, Ewes 73, Weathers 22, Lambs 20, Rams 3, Total 138, Ewes 140, Weathers 43, Kidds 57, Rams 4, Total 244, Sows 20, Barrows 15, Shoats 21, Pigs 63, Boars 3, Total 122, Turkeys 68, Fowls 195, Ducks 43, Geese 7, Turtles 9, Muscovies 6, Total 15 494 Beef sold to Do Lorrain 149¼ Do Severn 167 delivd to Swift Yams expended at the several Plantations 30000 310 lb Beef given to the New Blacks 50 lb Meazly pork throwd away One Man Slave died named Evan G. G. Powell Husbd	The Honourable Company's account of stock for November 1743 was produced, examined and approved, as follows: Remaining 1 November: 38 bullocks, 104 cows, 38 heifers, 26 steers, 31 yearlings, 73 calves, 6 bulls, total 316 neat cattle; 94 ewes, 25 wethers, 19 lambs, 3 rams, total 141 sheep; 142 does, 43 wethers, 49 kids, 4 rams, total 238 goats; 20 sows, 17 barrows, 24 shoats, 66 pigs, 3 boars, total 130 hogs; 60 turkeys, 182 fowls, 37 ducks, 7 geese; 9 horses, 6 mares, total 15 Increased in the month: 9 calves, total 9 neat cattle; 2 lambs, total 2 sheep; 8 kids, total 8 goats; 0 hogs; 13 turkeys, 18 fowls, 7 ducks, total 38 poultry; 0 horses Killed in the month: 5 bullocks, 2 cows, 1 heifer, total 8 neat cattle; 3 lambs, 1 ram, total 4 sheep; 2 does, total 2 goats; 2 shoats, 3 pigs, total 5 hogs; 5 turkeys, 5 fowls, 35 ducks, total 45 poultry; 0 horses Died in the month: 1 bullock, 2 cows, 1 heifer, total 4 neat cattle; 1 ewe, total 1 sheep; 0 goats; 3 pigs, total 3 hogs; 1 duck, total 1 poultry; 0 horses Remaining 30 November: 33 bullocks, 142 cows, 37 heifers, 26 steers, 31 yearlings, 82 calves, 6 bulls, total 317 neat cattle; 73 ewes, 22 wethers, 20 lambs, 3 rams, total 138 sheep; 140 does, 43 wethers, 57 kids, 4 rams, total 244 goats; 20 sows, 15 barrows, 21 shoats, 63 pigs, 3 boars, total 122 hogs; 68 turkeys, 195 fowls, 43 ducks, 7 geese; 9 horses, 6 mares, total 15 494 lb of beef was sold to the Duke of Lorraine, 149.5 lb to the Severn, and 167 lb delivered to the Swift. Yams expended at the several plantations: 30,000 lb 310 lb beef given to the sick slaves 50 lb decayed pork thrown away One man slave died named Ozan. G. G. Powell, husband
202		199	Gunners Stores expended in Novr 1743 Guns fired, Shot fired, 9lb, 6lb, 4lb, 3lb, 2lb, ½lb, Powder Expended 5 Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 2, 3lb 2, 2lb 0, ½lb 2, Powder Expended 13 Do Arrd the Severn Capt Collier: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 9, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 9 Do fired for Capt Colliers landing: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 9, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 9 9 fired for the Govrs going on Board: Guns fired 18, Shot fired 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 18, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 18 23 Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 2, 3lb 2, 2lb 0, ½lb 2, Powder Expended 13 Do Arrd Swift Captain Stevens: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 9, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 9 Do fired for Capt Stevens Landing: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 9, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 9 28 Do fired to bring the Ship too: Guns fired 1, Shot fired 1, 9lb 1, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 7 Do departed the Duke Lorrain Capt Hancock: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 9, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 9 Do fired to bring Do Lorrain too: Guns fired 1, Shot fired 1, 9lb 1, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 4 30 Double Alarm: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 3, 4lb 3, 3lb 0, 2lb 3, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 19½ 3 horns powder expended for priming: Powder Expended 9 Powder delivered to the Blaster: Powder Expended 58 Powder to the Guard & Outforts: Powder Expended 36 Powder for exercising: Powder Expended 88 Total: Guns fired 86, Shot fired 1, 9lb 1, 6lb 1, 4lb 7, 3lb 7, 2lb 63, ½lb 7, Powder Expended 297 John French [...] Match delivd to the Duke Lorrain sold 50lb Match expended: 49 Companys Flag at the Ridge: 1 Flag for the fort hill: 1 Union flag at Turks Cap: 1 Paper [...]: 10 Dz Spunge Staves: 6 Rammer heads: 12 Budge Barrells: 3 Handspikes: 6 Powder horns: 6 Formers: 4 Lintstocks: 6 Horsehides: 1 Beads: 4 Duoins: 8 Trucks: 9 Bitts: 4 Ladles: 1 Lead Balls: 6	The gunner's account of stores expended in November 1743 was produced as follows. 5th, alarm: 6 guns fired, 2 six-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 2 half-pounders, 13 lb powder expended Same day, arrived the Severn, Captain Collier: 9 guns fired, 9 half-pounders, 9 lb powder expended Same day, fired for Captain Collier's landing: 9 guns fired, 9 half-pounders, 9 lb powder expended 9th, fired for the Governor going aboard: 18 guns fired, 18 half-pounders, 18 lb powder expended 23rd, alarm: 6 guns fired, 2 six-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 2 half-pounders, 13 lb powder expended Same day, arrived the Swift, Captain Stevens: 9 guns fired, 9 half-pounders, 9 lb powder expended Same day, fired for Captain Stevens's landing: 9 guns fired, 9 half-pounders, 9 lb powder expended 28th, fired to bring the ship too: 1 gun fired, 1 shot fired, 1 eighteen-pounder, 7 lb powder expended Same day, departed the Duke of Lorraine, Captain Hancock: 9 guns fired, 9 half-pounders, 9 lb powder expended Same day, fired to bring the Duke of Lorraine too: 1 gun fired, 1 shot fired, 1 eighteen-pounder, 4 lb powder expended 30th, double alarm: 9 guns fired, 3 six-pounders, 3 three-pounders, 3 half-pounders, 19.5 lb powder expended 3 horns powder expended for priming: 9 lb powder expended Powder delivered to the blaster: 58 lb powder expended Powder to the guard and outports: 36 lb powder expended Powder for exercising: 88 lb powder expended Total: 86 guns fired, 1 shot fired, 1 eighteen-pounder, 7 nine-pounders, 7 six-pounders, 63 three-pounders, 7 half-pounders, 297 lb powder expended John French, gunner Match delivered to the Duke of Lorraine, sold: 50 lb Match expended: 49 lb Company's flag at the Ridge: 1 Flag for the fort hill: 1 Union flag at Turk's Cap: 1 Paper cartridges: 10 dozen Sponge staves: 6 Rammer heads: 12 Budge barrels: 3 Handspikes: 6 Powder horns: 6 Formers: 4 Linstocks: 6 Horsehides: 1 Beads: 4 Quoins: 8 Trucks: 9 Bits: 4 Ladles: 1 Lead balls: 6
203		200	Expended for the use of the Generall Table in the Month of Novr 1743 74 Bottles Port Wine 4 : 12 : 6 57 Mountain 3 : 11 : 3 6 Red Cape " : 3 : " 3 White Do " : 1 : 6 8 Bottles Florence Oyl 1 : " : " 160 Gall Arrach 20 : " : " 290 lb Sugar 3 : 12 : 4 40 Candy " : 13 : 4 2¼ Flour 4 : 4 : 3 2 lb Pepper " : 1 : " 3 Bushells Salt " : 15 : " 41 lb Salt Beef " : 6 : 3 54 Do Pork 5 : 11 : 6 3 Sheep 3 : " : " 2 Goats 1 : " : " 4 Hogs 4 : " : " 1 Lamb " : 5 : " 398 lb fresh Beef 4 : 19 : 6 21 Fowls 1 : 11 : 6 7 Turkeys 1 : 15 : " 2 Gall Train Oyl " : 8 : " Biscuit Bread " : 1 : " £ 66 : 11 : 8	The account of goods expended for the use of the general table in the month of November 1743 was produced as follows. 74 bottles port wine: £4 12s 6d 57 bottles mountain wine: £3 11s 3d 6 bottles red Cape wine: 0s 3s [...] 3.5 bottles white ditto: 1s 0d 8 bottles Florence oil: £1 0s 0d 160 gallons arrack: £20 0s 0d 290 lb sugar: £3 12s 4d 40 lb candy: 13s 4d 2.25 lb flour: £4 4s 3d 2 lb pepper: 1s 0d 3 bushels salt: 15s 0d 41 lb salt beef: £6 3s 0d 54 lb pork: £5 11s 6d 3 sheep: £3 0s 0d 2 goats: £1 0s 0d 4 hogs: £1 5s 0d 1 lamb: 5s 0d 398 lb fresh beef: £4 19s 6d 21 fowls: £1 11s 6d 7 turkeys: £1 15s 0d 2 gallons train oil: 8s 0d Biscuit bread: 1s 0d Total: £66 11s 8d
204		201	Journal Parcels for the Mo of Novr last vizt Rice Dr to Cash £27 : 8 To 1274 Bags Paddy bought of Capt Halls Vansock there not being any in the Stores Weight grs 11540 Tare 62 11478 at prime Cost £12 : 18 : 4 150 lb for Waste 12 : 18 Boat & Bags 1 : 19 27 : 8 Sundry Accounts Dr to Account Current for the following Articles bought & Sold vizt Rice 32 Bags Nett 6706 at 5 16 : 15 : 3½ Calivanches 20 Bags 2890 at 2½ 2 : 7 : 9½ £19 : 3 : 1¼ Blacks vizt 60 Men at £20 each£1200 " " 10 Boys at £10 each 100 " " 1300 Naval Stores 8 Barrells Powder 5/ 41 : 12 £1361 : 3 : 1¼ Ship Duke Lorrain Dr to Sundry Accounts£192 13 2¾ To Garrison for Anchorage£ " 5 To Naval Stores vizt 1 Barrell Powder£3 : 10 50 lb Match 1 : 6 : 9 1 : 16 : 9 Plantations 1895 lb Beef 18 : 8 : 6 3500 Yards @ 2½ 4 : 7 : 6 23 : 5 Stores amounting to 164 : 10 : 3½ Sundry Acct Dr to Ship D Lorrain£192 : 13 : 2¾ By Naval Stores 1 Barrell Powder delivd 3 : 10 : " Amount Consent for the Balance to be paid in London 189 : 3 : 2¾ £192 : 13 : 2¾	Journal parcels for the end of November last, viz. Rice, debtor to cash: £27 8s 0d To 1,278 bags paddy bought of Captain Hale and Captain Hancock, there being none in the stores Weight gross: 11,540 lb Tare: 62 lb Net: 11,478 lb at prime cost: £12 18s 4d Loss and case: 12s 18d Boat and bags: £1 19s 0d Total: £27 8s 0d Sundry accounts, debtor to account current for the following articles bought from and shipped by Captain Hale and Captain Hancock, viz: Rice, 32 bags net 6,796 lb at 5d: £16 15s 3.5d Calavances, 20 bags 2,890 lb at 2d: £2 7s 9.5d Total: £19 3s 1d Blacks, viz: 60 men at £20 each: £1,200 0s 0d 10 boys at £10 each: £100 0s 0d Total: £1,300 0s 0d Naval stores, 8 barrels powder at £5 3s: £41 12s 0d Total: £1,361 3s 5.5d Ship Duke of Lorraine, debtor to sundry accounts: £192 13s 2.5d To garrison for anchorage: 5s 0d To naval stores, viz: 1 barrel powder: £3 10s 0d 50 lb match: £1 6s 9d Total naval stores: £4 16s 9d To plantation, 1,898 lb beef: £18 6s 6d 3,500 yards rope at 3d: £4 7s 6d Total plantation: £23 3s 6d Stores amounting to: £164 10s 3.5d Sundry accounts, debtor to ship Duke of Lorraine: £192 13s 2.5d By naval stores, 1 barrel powder delivered: £3 10s 0d Balance carried to account current for the balance to be paid in London: £189 3s 2.5d Total: £192 13s 2.5d
205		202	Ship Severne Dr to Sundry Accounts£22 : 8 : 6 Novr 5 To Garrison for Anchorage£ " : 5 Naval Stores 1 Barrell Powder deliverd 3 : 10 Plantation 1894 lb Beef 18 : 13 : 6 £22 : 8 : 6 Sundry Accounts Dr to Ship Severn£22 : 8 : 6 By Naval Stores 1 Barrell Powder delivered£ 3 : 10 Novr 24 By Cash paid the Balle into the Honble Companys Chest 18 : 18 : 6 22 : 8 : 6 Cash Dr to the Estate of Thomas Nichols deceased£39 : 10 : 1 Recd of James Dubois 10 : 5 : 7 Richard Begley 3 : 5 : 6 John Goodwin 6 : 2 : 6 Richard Goodwin 5 : " : " Revd Edwin Alcock " : 13 : " John French Senr " : 5 : " Wm Baraham " : 15 : " Chas Clarke 2 : 18 : 3 John Bazett 39 : 10 : 5 Estate of Thomas Nichols Dr to Cash£4 : 10 Paid James Dubois Surgeons Attendance &c£ 1 : 1 : " Revd Edwin Alcock Burying " : 6 : " £4 : 10 G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright	Ship Severn, debtor to sundry accounts: £22 8s 6d 5 November: to garrison for anchorage: 5s 0d Naval stores, 1 barrel powder delivered: £3 10s 0d Plantation, 1,894 lb beef: £18 13s 6d Total: £22 8s 6d Sundry accounts, debtor to ship Severn: £22 8s 6d By naval stores, 1 barrel powder delivered: £3 10s 0d 21 November, by cash paid the balance into the Honourable Company's chest: £18 18s 6d Total: £22 8s 6d Cash, debtor to the estate of Thomas Nichols, deceased: £39 10s 1d Received of James Dubois: £10 5s 7d Richard Begley: £3 15s 9.75d John Goodwin: £6 2s 6d Richard Goodwin: £5 0s 0d Reverend Edwin Alcock: 0s 13s 0d John French, junior: 5s 0s 0d William Baraham: 0s 15s 0d Charles Clarke: 2s 0d John Bazett: 5s 18s 3d Total: £39 10s 5d Estate of Thomas Nichols, debtor to cash: £4 1s 10d Paid James Dubois, surgeon's attendance etc: £1 1s 0d Reverend Edwin Alcock, burying: 0s 6s 0d Total: £4 1s 10d G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright
206		203	At a Consultation held on the 31 December 1743 at the Castle Present G. G. Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robt Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was Read & approved The Cash Account for the last Month having been omitted through mistake to be entred particularly at the end of said Month is therefore now entred and is as follows 1743 Cash Dr Novr 15 To Ballance£ 3474 : 17 : 7¾ To Estate of Thomas Nichols decd vizt Recd of James Dubois£10 : 5 : 7 Richard Bagley 3 : 15 : 9 John Goodwin 6 : 2 : 6 Richd Goodwin 5 : " : " Revd Edwin Alcock " : 13 : " John French Senr 5 : " : " Wm Burnham " : 15 : " Chas Clarke Exor 2 : " : " John Bazetts Exor 5 : 18 : 3 39 : 10 : 1 26 To Ship Severn for the Ballce of the Account 18 : 18 : 6 3533 : 6 : 2¾ 1743 Novr To Ballance 3501 : 8 : 2¾ 1743 Per Contra Cr Novr 25 By Rice for 1274 Bags Paddy bought of Capt Nathl Hancock amounting to 27 : 8 : " By Estate of Thomas Nichols vizt Paid James Dubois Surgeon£1 : 1 : " Revd Edwin Alcock Burying " : 6 : " 1 : 10 : " Novr By Ballance 3505 : 8 : 2¾ £3533 : 6 : 2¾ Ballance Carried over£3501 : 8 : 2¾ Margin Notes: although we take the account for the last Month having been particularly at the end of said Month reference now entred as follows	At a consultation held on 31 December 1743 at the castle. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Governor; John Godfrey, second of council; Robert Wright, third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. The cash account for the previous month, having been omitted by mistake at the end of that month, was therefore now entered, as follows. Cash, debtor: 15 November, to balance: £3,474 17s 7.75d To estate of Thomas Nichols, deceased, viz: Received of James Dubois: £10 5s 7d Richard Bagley: £3 15s 9d John Goodwin: £6 2s 6d Richard Goodwin: £5 0s 0d Reverend Edwin Alcock: 13s 0d John French senior: £5 0s 0d William Burnham: 15s 0d Charles Clarke, executor: £2 0s 0d John Bazett, executor: £5 18s 3d Total: £39 10s 1d 26 November, to ship Severn for the balance of the account: £18 18s 6d Total: £3,533 6s 2.75d 1743, per contra, creditor: 25 November, by rice, 1,278 bags paddy bought of Captain Nathaniel Hancock, amounting to: £27 8s 0d By estate of Thomas Nichols, viz: Paid James Dubois, surgeon: £1 1s 0d Reverend Edwin Alcock, burying: 6s 0d Total: £1 10s 0d November, by balance: £3,505 8s 2.75d Total: £3,533 6s 2.75d 1743, November, to balance: £3,501 8s 2.75d Although this consultation was held on the last day of December 1743, the cash account is entered particularly at the end of said month, as the last consultation had already been held for that month. G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright
207		204	Cash Account for the present Month having been Carefully Examined is as follows 1743 Cash Dr Decr To Ballance Brought over 3501 : 8 : 2¾ To Ship Neptune the Ballce of her Account 93 : 13 : 1 To Ship Grantham Do 225 : 14 : 8¾ To Estate of Powr Goodwin recd of James Vaughan 1 : 6 31 To Soldiers dict for this Quarter 255 : 17 : 3 To Eliz Greentree decd 52 : 17 £ 4526 : 15 : 10 G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright	The cash account for the present month, having been carefully examined, was as follows. Cash, debtor: December 1743. To balance brought over: £3,501 8s 2.75d To ship Neptune, the balance of her account: £93 13s 4d To ship Grantham, ditto: £223 11s 8.75d To estate of the Reverend [...] Goodwin, deceased, of James Vaughan: £1 1s 6d 31st, to soldiers' diet for this quarter: £233 17s 1d To Elizabeth Greentree, deceased: £52 17s 0d Total: £4,526 11s 10d G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright
208		205	1743 Decr Per Contra Cr By Charges Generall vizt Paid the Surgeon of the Swift Sloop his Care of 4 Soldiers & 70 Slaves 17 : 10 : " 1 Cask Bird Shott 1 : 5 : " 1 Quarter Servants 21 : 14 : 7 90 lb Wool 1 : 10 : " Carpenters Work 3 : 8 : " Plaisterers Work 3 : 8 : 6 Makeing 32 Lime Bags " : 8 : " 64 : 1 : 3 15 By Diet Expences vizt 225 lb Sugar at 4d per lb 3 : 14 : 4 2 Firkins Butter 6 : 6 : " 8100 Lemons 8 : 2 : " 18 : 2 : 4 By Wine 15 : " : " By Plantation vizt Garden seeds 3 : 15 : " 1 Madagascar Cow 4 : 10 : " 8 : 5 : " By Boats vizt 1 Pinnace with Masts Oars &c 23 : 5 : " Pd Capt Hales Carpenter mending the Boat " : 7 : 6 23 : 12 : 6 By Household Goods vizt 10 Pr Barrels 8 : " : " 10 Pr Baffus 7 : " : " 15 : " : " By Ship Neptune advance to say the Comdrs Wages 29 : 12 : 5 By Sundry Accounts paid the Garrison & Sallarys 137 : 1 : 3½ 31 By Garrison 3 Expresses " : 15 : " By Fortification mending & makeing new flaggs 5 : 16 : " Soldiers Work at Rupperts 68 : 4 : 6 Blacks Do 76 : 10 : " 150 : 10 : 6 By Blacks Taylors work 3 : 19 : " By Ballance 2488 : 6 : 6½ £ 4126 : 15 : 10 On the [...] Instant Sailed the Honble Companys Ships Grantham & Neptune from England	1743, December. Per contra, creditor. By charges general, viz: Paid the surgeon of the sloop Swift for his care of 4 soldiers and 70 slaves: £17 10s 0d 1 cask bird shot: £1 5s 0d 1 quarter servants' [...]: £21 14s 7d 90 lb wool: £4 10s 0d Carpenters' work: £3 8s 0d Plasterers' work: £3 8s 6d Making 32 lime bags: 8s 0d Total charges general: £64 1s 3d By diet expenses, viz: 223 lb sugar at 4d: £3 14s 4d 2 firkins butter: £6 6s 0d 8,100 lemons: £8 2s 0d Total diet expenses: £18 2s 4d By wine: 15s 0d By plantation, viz: Garden seeds: £3 15s 0d 1 Madagascar cow: £4 10s 0d Total plantation: £8 5s 0d By boats, viz: 1 pinnace with masts, oars etc: £23 5s 0d Paid Captain Hale's carpenter for mending the boat: 7s 6d Total boats: £23 12s 6d By household goods, viz: 10 dozen [...]: £8 0s 0d 10 dozen baskets: £7 0s 0d Total household goods: £15 0s 0d By ship Neptune, advance on wages of the crew: £27 12s 5d By sundry accounts paid the garrison's salaries: £137 1s 3.5d By garrison, 3 express boats: 15s 0d By fortification, mending and making sea flags: £5 16s 0d Soldiers' work on the ramparts: £68 4s 6d Blacks, ditto: £76 10s 0d Total fortification: £150 10s 6d By blacks, tailors' work: £3 19s [...] By balance: £2,488 6s 6.5d Total: £4,526 11s 10d On the 30th instant sailed the Honourable Company's ships Grantham and Neptune for England.
209		206	At Sessions held on Tuesday the 10 day of Janry 1743/4 at ye Castle Present G. G. Powell Esqr Judge John Godfrey Robt Wright Assistants The Court being opened according to the Usual manner there appeared Baron Deloaf of this Island Soldier who filed an Indictmt agt John Upton & Jeptha Germain both Soldiers of the Garrison against the former for Ravishing his Wife & agt the latter for aiding & Assisting him therein Whereupon the prisoners John Upton & Jeptha Germain were sett to the Barr & the Indictmt read as follows John Upton, You John Upton Stand Indicted by the Name of John Upton of St Helena Soldier for that not having the fear of God before your Eyes you did by the Instigation of the Devil on or about ye 24th day of November Last violently & Wickedly Sieze Alice Deloaf Wife of Baron Deloaf of St Helena Soldier & by force & Violence Carnally know the said Alice Deloaf contrary to the Will & Inclination of the sd Alice Deloaf & against the Laws in that Case made & provided You, Jeptha Germain Stand indicted by the Name of Jeptha Germain of St Helena Soldier for that not having the fear of God before your Eyes did by the Instigation of the Devil on or about the 24th day of Novr last violently & Wickedly seize Alice Deloaf Wife of Baron Deloaf of this Island Soldier by force & Violence hold the sd Alice Deloaf aiding & Assisting John Upton Carnally to know the sd Alice Deloaf agt the Will & Inclination of the sd Alice Deloaf & agt the Laws in that Case made & provided To Which Indictmt the prisoners John Upton & Jeptha Germain severally pleaded Not Guilty Those persons appointed for Jurors were called & Sworn whose Names were as follows vizt Francis Wrangham Foreman John Barton James Powell Thos Sheastree Wm Sturges James Scott Geo Powell Richd Mason Rich Bagley Day Dixon Saml Alexander Richard Beale	At sessions held on Tuesday, 10 January 1744, at the castle. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Judge; John Godfrey and Robert Wright, assistants. The court opened in the usual manner. Baron Deloaf, a soldier of the island, appeared and laid an indictment against John Upton and Jeptha Germain, both soldiers of the garrison, the former for ravishing his wife and the latter for aiding and assisting Upton in the act. The prisoners John Upton and Jeptha Germain were accordingly set to the bar and the indictment read. John Upton stood indicted by the name of John Upton of the island soldier, for that, not having the fear of God before his eyes but being moved by the instigation of the devil, on or about 29 November last he violently and wickedly seized Alice Deloaf, wife of Baron Deloaf of the island soldier, and by force and violence carnally knew the said Alice Deloaf against her will and inclination and against the law in such case made and provided. Jeptha Germain stood indicted by the same name, of the island soldier, for that, not having the fear of God before his eyes but being moved by the instigation of the devil, on or about the 29th day of November last, he violently and wickedly seized the same Alice Deloaf, wife of Baron Deloaf of the island soldier, and by force and violence held her while Upton carnally knew her against her will and inclination and against the law in such case made and provided. Both prisoners, John Upton and Jeptha Germain, severally pleaded not guilty to the indictment. Those persons appointed as jurors were called and sworn, whose names were as follows. 1: Francis Wrangham, foreman 2: John Baxton 3: James Powell 4: Thomas Cheesetree 5: William Snags 6: James Scott 7: George Powell 8: Richard Mason 9: Richard Bagley 10: David Dixon 11: Samuel Alexander 12: Richard Beale
210		207	Then the Judge addressed himself alternately to the Prisoners and to the Jury according to form Then Alice Deloaf being Sworn & Examined upon her Oath saith that on Friday the 24th day of Novr last between the Hours of 1 & 7 in the afternoon John Upton called her into the House & Jeptha Germain lodged & Upton told her he wd pay her for his Washing wch he owed her Whereupon she went in & they immediatly Locked the Street Door & then asked her to sett down & asked her if she wd drink Dram Whereupon she thankd him & Upton gave her half a Dram of Arrack of wch she drank a part & gave the rest to a Boy that was with her called Arthur Bradley immediatly after with as she was sitting on the Box they threw her down upon the Box upon the sd Box & the sd Germain held her Legs extended damning her for a Bitch & Swearing he would hold her & the sd Upton soon after quitting her Throat & Mouth had Carnal knowledge of her while Germain drew his Bayonet & swore he'd Stick her if she wd not Comply & then Upton took her Bayonet out of his hand & this Depont saith that Upton forced her twice into different times & after that he did her to drink and dram with she absolutely refused & throwd the same on the Floor & this Depont saith that there was at the same time with her Arthur Bradley a Boy of about 16 Years of Age & that she & the sd Boy cryed out Murther & did all they could to raise the Neighbourhood but being a Brack Room they could make nobody hear & further that the sd Germain beat the Boy & then for Crying out & making the resistance they did & that all that was done was by her Will & by force & Strength & not otherwise Arthur Bradley of about 16 Years of Age being told the Nature of an Oath & sworn on his Oath saith that on Friday the Afternoon about 1 oClock in the afternoon Upton called the sd Alice Deloaf into the house where he lodged where Germain then was & told her he would pay her what he owed her for Washing & the sd Deloaf went & this Depont with her & as soon as they were in they Locked the Doors upon them & immediatly threw Deloaf on a Bed with lay on the Ground while Germain held her Legs wide & Upton laid himself upon her with his Breeches down & lay there sometime & this Depont saith that they flung her down in the same manner 3 or 4 times & that Deloaf & this Depont both cryed out Murther & made the greatest Noise possible for Assistance upon wch Germain beat this Dept & this Depont saith that they forced the sd Deloaf & this Depont to Stay till 7 oClock at Night & this Depont saith that Germain drew a Bayonet & threatned to kill Deloaf if she did not Suffer him to have Carnal knowledge of her	Then the judge addressed himself alternately to the prisoners and to the jury according to form. Alice Deloaf, being sworn and examined, deposed on her oath that on Friday 4 November, between five and seven in the afternoon, John Upton called her into the house where he and Jeptha Germain lodged. Upton told her he would pay her for washing with her own body, at which he immediately locked the outer door and then asked her to sit down and drink with him. She refused, whereupon he swore he would drink with her whether she would or not, and drank part of it and gave her the rest, and that with her, one Arthur Bradley, called a boy, was sitting on the box. They threw her down on her back upon the box, and Germain held her legs extended, damning her for a bitch and swearing he would kill her. Upton then, having quitted her throat and mouth, had carnal knowledge of her while Germain drew his bayonet and swore he would stab her if she did not comply. Upton took the bayonet out of his hand, and this deponent said that Upton, having done this different thing, afterward asked her to drink with him. She absolutely refused, and he made her drink with him at the same time. She did as they bade her. This deponent further said that there was with her at the same time a boy of about sixteen years of age, and that she and the boy cried out murder and did what they could to raise the neighbourhood, but could not make anybody hear. She said further that Germain beat the boy for crying out, to make him lie still and offer no resistance, and that all that was done was by force and strength, and not otherwise. Arthur Bradley, of about sixteen years of age, being sworn and examined on his oath, said that on Friday morning, about twelve o'clock, Upton called Alice Deloaf into the house where he lodged, on the pretence that Germain wanted her to wash for him, and that Deloaf went into the house. This deponent followed her as soon as the door was let in, and they immediately locked the door and threw her on a bed, and Deloaf lay on the ground while Germain held her legs wide. Upton laid himself upon her with his breeches down, and lay there some time. This deponent said that they flung Deloaf down in the same manner three or four times. This deponent said that both he and Deloaf cried out murder, and made the greatest noise possible for assistance, upon which Germain beat this deponent. This deponent said that they forced him and Deloaf to stay till about eleven o'clock at night. This deponent further said that Germain drew a bayonet and threatened Deloaf that if she did not suffer Upton to have carnal knowledge of her.
211		208	The prisoners then being Called to make their Defence Upton for himself only alledged that he was Drunk that he did not remember anything he did & Germain alledged that what had been Sworn agt him was False The Genlm of the Jury then withdrew & on their return brot in their Verdict that the prisoners at the Barr were Guilty of the sd Indictmt as laid to their Charge The Exors of Simon Whaley late of this Island so far as brought an Indictmt agt Scipio a Black Slave to the Estate of the sd Simon Whaley for forcibly & violently attempting to Ravish Mary Whaley an Infant of about 3 Years old The prisoner was sett to the Barr & pleaded not Guilty After wch the same Jury was sworn a Deheine Elisha Frael being Sworn & Examined on his Oath saith that on or about the 18 Decr last between the hours of 1 & 2 he Saw Scipio a Slave Man of the Estate of Simon Whaley have in his Arms Mary one of the sd Decd Standing of her between his Thighs while her Coats up & the sd Scipio's Breeches open thro wch this Depont saw the private parts erected & she him making motions to introduce it to the Body of the Child whereupon this Depont made his Way to rescue yr sd Child came upon the sd Scipio so Suddenly at that this Depont Struck him not Blows with a Cane before he Covered his private parts after wch this Depont carried him to yr John Deysenfontain who is one of yr Exors to the last Will of yr sd Simon Whaley to be Quarterd this Depont saith not Margaret Deapell Widw being Sworn & Examd on her Oath saith that some time past about a Month agoe one of the Boys of Simon Whaley Estate named Mary came running into her house where the Child resides bid this Depont that Elisha Frael was Drubbing Scipio Whereupon this Depont went to enquire the Cause found that Elisha Frael talking high with the sd Scipio & wch this Depont found soon running to Scipio's having endeavoured to ravish the sd Child Mary who is between 4 & 5 years of Age & therefore this Depont immediatly searched the Child but found that the	The prisoners were then called to make their defence. Upton alleged only that he was drunk and did not remember anything. Germain alleged that what had been sworn against him was false. The gentlemen of the jury then withdrew, and on their return delivered their verdict that the prisoners at the bar were guilty of the indictment laid to their charge. The executors of Simon Whaley, late of this island, deceased, brought an indictment against Scipio, a black slave belonging to the estate of the said Simon Whaley, for forcibly and wickedly attempting to ravish Mary Whaley, an infant of about three years old. The prisoner was set to the bar and pleaded not guilty. The same jury was then sworn anew. Elisha [...] being sworn and examined on his oath, said that on or about 19 December last, between one and two o'clock, he saw Scipio, a slave man of the deceased Simon Whaley, holding Mary, one of the deceased's daughters, with her clothes lifted and his breeches open, and making motions to force himself upon the child. This deponent made his way to rescue her and came upon Scipio suddenly, striking him several blows with a cane before he covered himself. This deponent afterward carried him before John [...], one of the executors to the last will of the said Simon Whaley, deceased. Margaret Deapel, widow, being sworn and examined on her oath, said that some time past, about a month ago, one of Simon Whaley's household named Mary came running into her house where the child resided, and told this deponent that Elisha [...] was quarrelling with Scipio. This deponent went to enquire the cause and found Elisha [...] speaking angrily with Scipio, and this deponent found reason to believe Scipio had endeavoured to ravish the child Mary, who was between four and five years of age. This deponent immediately examined the child but found [...]
212		209	Child had not been Ravished nor no marks of Violence on her & further this Deponent saith not The Prisoner being then Called on to make his Defence only said that he was entirely Innocent of the Charge laid against him Whereupon the Jury withdrew & on their return brot in their Verdict that the prisoner was Guilty of the Indictmt laid to his Charge Richard Goodwin of St Helena a Free Planter brought an Indictmt agt Sue a Black Slave Wench belonging to Rebecka Leach Widw of this place for entring his dwelling house & Stealing Sundry things of Value To wch the prisoner pleaded Guilty & submitted herself to the Mercy of the Court The Prisoners being then all sett to the Barr the Judge passd Sentence as followeth You, Jeptha Germain and you, John Upton, The Jury have found you Death of you Guilty of the Indictmt laid to your Charges & Hereupon hear the Sentence I am going to pass upon you agreeable to the Laws & Death Laws of this Charity You, Jeptha Germain and you, John Upton, shall each of you Stand in the pillory at a publick Place with a halter about your Necks for the space of one hour & be Whipt from thence to the Prison from whence you shall be sent to the Fortifications of this Island & there made to work at hard Labour as Bond Slaves during the Pleasure of the sd Govr & Council You, Scipio The Jury have found you Guilty of the Indictmt laid to your Charges You are therefore Sentencd to be Whipt at a publick Whipping post with a halter about your Neck & yr same punishment repeated once a Week during the Pleasure of the Govr & Council You, Sue you have pleaded Guilty to the Indictmt laid to your Charges Wherefore you Shall receive 100 Lashes at the publick Whipping post with a halter about Your Neck	The child had not been ravished, nor were any marks of violence on her, and this deponent said no further. The prisoner, being then called to make his defence, said only that he was entirely innocent of the charge laid against him. Whereupon the jury withdrew, and on their return delivered their verdict that the prisoner was guilty of the indictment laid to his charge. Richard Goodwin, of St Helena, a free planter, brought an indictment against Sue, a black slave woman belonging to Rebecca Leach, widow of this place, for entering his dwelling house and stealing several rings of value. To which the prisoner pleaded guilty and submitted herself to the mercy of the court. The prisoners being then all set to the bar, the judge passed sentence as follows. You, Jeptha Germain and you, John Upton, the jury have found you each guilty of the indictment laid against you, and therefore hear the sentence that is going to pass upon you agreeable to the laws of this country. You, Jeptha Germain, and you, John Upton, shall each of you stand in the pillory at a public place with a halter about your necks for the space of one hour, and be whipped from thence to the prison, from where you shall be sent to the fortifications of this island, there made to work at hard labour as bond slaves during the pleasure of the Governor and council. You, Scipio, the jury have found you guilty of the indictment laid against you. You are therefore sentenced to be whipped at a public whipping post, with a halter about your neck, and to suffer the same punishment repeated once a week during the pleasure of the Governor and council. You, Sue, you have pleaded guilty to the indictment laid against you. You are therefore sentenced to receive 100 lashes at the public whipping post with a halter about your neck.
213		210	The Prisoners being Carried from this Court The Judge addressd himself to the Gentn of the Jury as well to those 12 who sate as to the other 12 who (when impannelled) made up the No of 24 of the principal Inhabitants of this Island & with very great Concern observed to them the very frequent Instances that we have had within this last 12 Years of white Children's being Attempted to be ravished by the Slave Persons entrusted by the most Lascivious they have met with when Detected being only Whipt as for an Ordinary Crime was it was hard to say to what lengths their Lustfull Attempts might carry them unless some remedy was applyd to Thus therefore Submitted to them what they thought might in future most effectually remedy this Evil that their Familys were so heavily affected by And that since the Honble Companys orders to their Govr & Council here that whenever it was necessary to enact new Laws for the better Government of the Island they should consult with some of the principal Inhabitants not lay other for that purpose Wherefore he prayd that they would every one of them lay their hands upon their Breasts & Remember the Golden Rule of doing as they would be done unto & speak their Sentiments Severally & deliberately what they thought most expedient to prevent the like Calamity again in any of the Familys of this Island Whereupon 9 of the 24 Jurymen gave it as their advice & opinion that it was become Absolutely necessary to make some Law that might better preserve their Children from the Lustfull Attempts of yr Negroes & therefore they declared it their Sentiments that if hereafter any Slave Person Attempt to Ravish a White Child & there be Marks of Violence discovered upon the Body of this Child that then if in such Case the Slave Man shall Suffer Death & be hangd up in Chains in some Publick Road as an Example to deterr others from the like Villany The Judge then thankd the Gentn of the Jury for their advice & opinions & promised to recommend it to the Consn of the Council of this Island who is worthy most fit for that purpose Then the Court adjourned according to the Governmt manner G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright	With the prisoners removed from the court, the judge addressed the whole jury, both the twelve who had sat and the twelve others impanelled with them, together making up twenty-four of the island's principal inhabitants. He spoke to them of the very frequent attempts made in the past twelve years by slaves to ravish white children, attempts he believed the mild punishment of a simple whipping had done nothing to discourage, since it treated the crime as no more than an ordinary offence. Left unchecked, he said, there was no telling how far such lustful attempts might go, and he therefore put before them what he thought might best remedy an evil that so threatened every family on the island. He reminded them that the Honourable Company's own instructions required the Governor and council, whenever new laws were needed for the better government of the island, to consult some of the principal inhabitants for that purpose. He asked each man present to search his own conscience, apply the golden rule of doing as he would be done by, and give his honest opinion on what might best prevent such a calamity befalling any family on the island again. Nine of the twenty-four jurymen thereupon gave their advice that a new law had become absolutely necessary to better protect the island's children from the lustful attempts of slaves. Their opinion was that if any slave thereafter attempted to ravish a white child and marks of violence were found on the child's body, the slave should suffer death and be hanged in chains on a public road, as an example to deter others from the like crime. The judge thanked the jury for their advice and opinions, and promised to recommend the matter to the council for its consideration, judging the council best suited to decide it. The court then adjourned in the usual manner. G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright
214		211	At a Consultation held the 17th Janry 1743 at the Castle Present G. G. Powell Esqr Govr John Godfrey 2d of Council Robt Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was Read & approved G. G. Powell Esqr and Mr Matthew Farling Exors of the last Will & Testament of Mr Wm Cole late of Cuncoll at Bencoolen who came here for the Recovery of his health but dyd 12 Instant this Day presented the said Last Will & Testamt & desiring it might be Provd upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto which was accordingly done The Will is as followeth vizt In the Name of God Amen I William Cole late of Sumatra at Bencoolen but now of the DD St Helena I Wm Cole of Sumatra do Cyt & of ye sd Do this my Last Will & Testament that is to say my last disposment to the Memory of Almighty God my Body I Commit to the Earth to be decently Interred my Worldly Goods I bequeath as followeth vizt Imprimis I give & bequeath unto my Cousin Elizabeth [...] Item at ye should have my Money of Ways he Committed to be found at the Direction of my Executor Item at ye should have my Body of Ways he Committed to be found at the Item Item I give & bequeath unto my Wife Elizabeth Cole my sd Body all the Interest of thereby give my Body I bequeath towards her maintenance as we are 1000 lb to be paid her by my Cousin when she was decd at Governor & let me rest their before either happens then I should the same be Recommenced towards my honr I devise that Marriage by the sd bequeathed to my sons the many being before Decy of the aforesaid honrs bequeathed Item I give bequeath unto Nicholas Farming of this things 1000 Spanish Dollars in Consideration for the truth as told at their friendship given Item I give & bequeath unto my sons Bond Charles Fenn & 1000 Spanish Dollars Item I give & Bequeath unto given Item I give & bequeath unto my sons Bond Sam Ann 1000 Spanish Dollars Item I give & bequeath to 2000 Spanish Dollars Item I give & bequeath unto my Sister Margaret fourteen 30 being of Persons Dollars living in their discretion of the sd & the Monthly having therein & to be devoted immediately of my deceased Item I give & bequeath to the Books 1000 Spanish Dollars I this Persons that be Sold at least to be Nobody Township of Feet Bengal my be Government she is to pay him the aforementioned share of the Devastation Item I will bequeath unto Anne Sherald 1 1000 lbs to be paid to the Devastation of my Brother of that Bengal Item I will bequeath unto Anne Sherald 1 Item I bequeath unto [...] I ye 4 [...] I do bequeath one L D D D 1 D this my Executor at that Place unto his sd Repor Item I give & bequeath unto the Interest of Fred Prother the mother of my [...] 500 Spanish Dollars to be paid Immediatly upon demand of my death of Fred Brothers by my Executor these are all of my property that Shall not with these being a bookmonth off I departed advance Item I give & bequeath unto my Godson [...] W M Bushop by way of feet of my Spanish Dollar to find shall this my house in my Absence Item I give & bequeath unto Elizabeth Farlow Life of Sundry [...] presents 400 lb Item I give & bequeath unto brotherly Provisions of that Bequests then also Deprived of my that be brother to be his of Adjustably Item I give & bequeath unto Roger Devon Government of the sd Brother concerned unto the Persons Impossible Item the Rest of my Blocking Members of any White Persons deceased & bequeath unto Impossible in [...] my [...] Item Henry & Wife Portion in Vows of that Presiding then these I desired in Trust Item my Father deceased and, no owing of Deponance of appearing lest my Sons of Life, then these Show as pt Care to their [...] Impossible Firstly declaring them all to be my heirs Lastly I do hereby give to Ephes to Depaneed Fardash Memory of that Charges & written to this my Self	At a consultation held on 17 January 1744 at the castle. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Governor; John Godfrey, second of council; Robert Wright, third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. George Gabriel Powell and Matthew Purling, executors of the last will and testament of William Coles, late of council at Bencoolen, who had come to the island for the recovery of his health but died on the 12th of that month, presented the will that day and asked that it be proved on the oaths of the witnesses to it, which was accordingly done. Coles, described in the will as sick and weak of body but of sound mind, left the following bequests. To his son Edward he left 600 dollars, of which 1,000 was to be paid when Edward came of age and the remainder at the discretion of his executor, with the whole to pass to his heirs should Edward die before coming of age. To his niece Elizabeth Savage, daughter of the late William Savage of Fort Marlborough, he left 400 dollars toward her maintenance and a further 1,000 dollars payable on her coming of age or marriage, to descend to his heirs should she die before either event, and directed that this legacy and his son's be paid ahead of all the others named below. He left Nicholas Morseley of Fort St George 1,000 Spanish dollars in consideration of the trouble he would have in settling his affairs, his friend John Charles Barbut 500 Spanish dollars, David Pugh 200 Spanish dollars, and Henry Sealy 200 Spanish dollars. To his sister Margaret Greentree he left 30 acres of freehold land in the southern division of the island together with the dwelling house upon it, to be delivered immediately after his death. He left John Meade Bates 1,000 Spanish dollars, on condition that Bates agree to go to Nicholas Morseley of Fort St George, his executor, who was to pay him the sum at his discretion. He left Edward Bates 1,000 dollars, likewise payable at his executor's discretion at Fort St George. He left Isaac Leach of the island 80 dollars, and 800 dollars to be divided among his poor relations on the island as his executors there thought proper. He left Ann Front of Fort Marlborough, the mother of his children, 500 Spanish dollars, to be paid immediately on news of his death reaching Fort Marlborough, together with all his Malay debts still outstanding twelve months after that news arrived. He left George Jacob Tweedley and Matthew Purling, both of the island, 200 Spanish dollars for their trouble in his affairs, and Joseph Bates junior, late of the island, 200 Spanish dollars. He left his slave boy Pompey to Nicholas Morseley of Fort St George, directing that he be sent to him at the first opportunity. He left George Higginson of the East India House in London 200 Spanish dollars. The residue of his estate he left to Joseph Coly junior, Mary Coly, Ann Hanley and Philadelphia Braham, all of Fort Marlborough, to be divided equally among them, with the share of either Joseph Coly junior or Mary Coly to pass to their father Joseph Coly should either die, and declared all four his heirs. Finally, he appointed Nicholas Morseley of Fort St George executor of this his last...
215		212	Will & Testament Requiring he will take upon him of the Executon of yr given as well as of managemt of yr Estate & I do this at Marriage of my [...] unto Richd Nicholas thereby my good friend on account of yr Guardianship he shows the Interpolation Power I bequeath him I do hereby my of my Time deceased that shall after my said or also providing against him if Nicholas thereby on Trust of yr transaction in yr Plantership thereby declaring that I will till it be known if that Nicholas thereby shall not be Accountable to any Persons whatever concerning yr management of my Estate Lastly I do nominate & appoint & give thereto Willm Marshal Bengalny full & his David Prosh Executors in trust I fear from thence for my Discovery Cultivating & do settle Effects on the like of Marsh Deputy them to Wanted 3 Prosh of the same to my Executor Executor for that of aforementioned depriving them to they may just able thereby declaring them Accountable to no Person whatever in Circumstances as that shows or otherwise I do hereby nominate of setting in Executory of Wangham my Estate from Sundry I bequeath unto yr Charles Marshal Kingsfield & Danl Pugh jointly & John Guntley Stand between them to fund of and Bengalyn they held on Vacant Christmas of my undertakeing I will within a hundred month after Notice of my decease at the Month this Do I fully hereby different Trustees or Executors of yr Estate & in America I do Exander in trust If the honourably my Affairs in England I do as I have appears also with what I have thought Proper to be hereby appointed Executory & Nominated Ruling Executors in trust for the management of the Estate upon this Island Requiring them immediatly after my Decease to Disposty of all my Estate & Debts thereon for the wch they will yield & after Deducting the Legacy I have bequeath at the Place together every just debts & funeral Charges the Remainder if any I bequeath shall be Remitted as soon as possible to the afford Nicholas Bequeaths he Accounting to yr afford Nicholas thereby for these I will after Discovery of Money & he may have mine in his hands of yr flame of my decease this I do hereby leave & Marshal & Pugh all Executors Wills by me here fore provided Ratifying & confirming this & no other to be my only Will & Testament in witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand & Seal this 13 day of Decembr Sighd sealed Publish'd & Declared to be the said Willm Testament of the Testator in the Presence of Wm Warwick Sam Doreston Wm Hayse William Coles [seal] Whereas Willm Coles in the mentioning creating of the above Will have disposed of 2 Acres of Freehold Land & Wm Thomas Executor of this Island & his beqeuathed to the aforesaid Willm & my Sole Executor & Executrix but do now thereupon hereby & do hereby disqualify Greentrees from having any Right or Claim by yr sd 2 Acres of Freehold Land & do direct my Executor & Executrix or that of my said Do Willm & Testament in Witness whereof I set my hand this 13 day of December 1743 Witness James Dubois Ann Doveton William Coles G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 24th January 1743 at the Castle Present G. G. Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2d of Council Robert Wright 3d of Council The Last Consultation was Read & approved The Paymaster this Day brought in his Account of Payments for the Quarter ending 31 Decr last wch was Carefully Examind & Proved & is as follows	The will continued: Coles required Nicholas Morseley to take upon himself the care and protection of his son as well as the management of his estate. So that no difficulty should arise for Morseley on account of the executorship, given the entire confidence Coles placed in him, he directed that any of his heirs who brought suit or legal proceedings against Morseley over his conduct of the executorship should be disinherited, and declared it his will that Morseley should be accountable to no one for his management of the estate. He also appointed his friends Charles Barbut, Henry Coly and David Pugh as executors in trust at Fort Marlborough, to recover and collect his debts and effects on the west coast and remit the proceeds to Morseley for the purposes already named. He empowered them to pay his just debts and declared them accountable to no one, in the same manner as Morseley. In consideration of their calling in and collecting the money owed to his estate by Malay debtors, he left Barbut, Coly and Pugh jointly a third part of whatever sum they recovered from the Malays within twelve months of notice of his death reaching Fort Marlborough. He further appointed George Higginson of the East India House in London as executor in trust for the conduct of his affairs in England. As he also held effects with him on the island, he appointed George Gabriel Powell and Matthew Purling executors in trust for their management there, requiring them, immediately after his death, to sell his whole estate at public auction for the best price it would bring. After deducting the legacies he had bequeathed on the island together with his just debts and funeral charges, any remainder was to be remitted as soon as possible to Higginson, to whom Morseley was to account for this and any other money of Coles's that might come into his hands. Coles revoked all former wills and confirmed this as his last, setting his hand and seal to it on 13 December 1743. Signed, sealed, published and declared as the last will and testament of the testator in the presence of Thomas Kirkpatrick, Samuel Doveton and William Hayse. William Coles. By a codicil, Coles noted that since signing and sealing the will he had disposed of two acres of freehold land to Thomas Greentree of the island, land he had bequeathed in the will to his sister Margaret Greentree, and he therefore excluded her from any right or claim to those two acres, directing that this codicil be taken as part of his will. He set his hand to it on 23 December 1743, witnessed by James Dubois and Samuel Doveton. William Coles. G. G. Powell John Godfrey Robert Wright At a consultation held on Tuesday, 24 January 1744, at the castle. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Governor; John Godfrey, second of council; Robert Wright, third of council. The council read and approved the last consultation. The paymaster that day brought in his account of payments for the quarter ending 31 December last, which was carefully examined, approved, and is as follows.
216		213	List of the Honble Companys Servants upon the Island St Helena with their Several Sallarys & Diet Money for the Months of October November and December 1743 vizt Names, Pay, Diet G. G. Powell Esqr Govr £125 John Godfrey 2d of Council £25 Robt Wright 3d Do £20 Edwin Alcock Chaplain £25 Jos Twynam Factor £7 10s Wall Purling Do £15 James Powell Writer £12 1s 3d Francis Wrangham Do £12 1s 3d Joseph Darval Do £7 10s Thos French Do £12 1s 3d John Alexander Do from 6 Decr £3 6s 1d £264 9s 10d First Company James Scott Lieutenant £10 Danl Owen £14 11s 3d John Barton Ensigns £14 11s 3d Joseph Dessountain Ensigns £14 11s 3d Wm Hayes Adjutant £17 1s 3d £70 15s Serjeants Wm Scale £6 19s 6d Danl Mason £6 19s 6d £1 19s Jos Leighton £6 19s 6d Henry Beale £6 19s 6d £1 19s Jos Whaley £6 19s 6d Isaac Knife £6 19s 6d £41 17s Corporals Bartw Molloy £4 7s 9d Richard Harper £4 7s 9d Wm Dorril £4 7s 9d £1 19s Bowin Ambrose £4 7s 9d £1 19s S Fallam £4 7s 9d £21 18s 9d Carried over£399 " 7 Diet£7 16s	List of the Honourable Company's servants upon the island of St Helena, with their several salaries and diet money, for the months of October, November and December 1743. Names, salary and diet: George Gabriel Powell, Governor: £125 0s 0d John Godfrey, second of council: £25 0s 0d Robert Wright, third ditto: £20 0s 0d Edwin Alcock, chaplain: £25 0s 0d Joseph Twynam, factor: £7 10s 0d Matthew Purling, ditto: £15 0s 0d James Powell, writer: £12 1s 3d Francis Wrangham, ditto: £12 1s 3d Joseph Darval, ditto: £7 10s 0d Thomas French, ditto: £12 1s 3d John Alexander, ditto, from 6 December: £3 6s 1d Total: £264 9s 10d First Company: James Scott, lieutenant: £10 0s 0d Daniel Owen, ensign: £14 11s 3d John Barton, ensign: £14 11s 3d Joseph Deffountain, ensign: £14 11s 3d William Hayes, adjutant: £17 1s 3d Total: £70 15s 0d Sergeants: William Scald: £6 19s 6d Daniel Mason: £6 19s 6d, diet £1 19s 0d Joseph Leighton: £6 19s 6d Henry Beale: £6 19s 6d, diet £1 19s 0d Joseph Whaley: £6 19s 6d Isaac Knipe: £6 19s 6d Total: £41 17s 0d Corporals: Bartholomew Molloy: £4 7s 9d Richard Harper: £4 7s 9d William Dorrill: £4 7s 9d, diet £1 19s 0d Bowin Ambrose: £4 7s 9d, diet £1 19s 0d [...] Fallam: £4 7s 9d Total: £21 18s 9d Carried over: £399 0s 7d Diet carried over: £7 16s 0d
217		214	Brought over£399 0 7 Diet Brought over£7 16 0 Drummers Thos Watts £4 7 9 Thos London at £7 0 0 p Ann £1 15 0 £6 2 9 Centinels Thos Alcock £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Adams £3 8 3 James Allis £3 8 3 Peter Bath £3 8 3 Richard Bishop discharged 25 Novr £2 1 10½ Danl Bush £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Brown Senr £3 8 3 John Brown Junr £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Jos Bassett Corporal to 3 Novr £1 14 7½ Centinel from Do 2 £1 10½ £3 16 5¾ Andrew Barton £3 8 3 George Bennet £3 8 3 £6 2¼ Matt Brightwolls £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Bernardus entd 18 Novr £1 12 1¾ £16 6 Wm Batsman £3 8 3 £6 2¼ G Clark deserted 28 Novr £1 12 1¾ £1 4 9 Peter Cummins £3 8 3 Walter Coxe £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Campboll £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Henry Carter £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Matt Cammell £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Robert Curry £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Anthony Castool £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Anthony Day £3 8 3 £1 19 0 James English £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Ellis £3 8 3 Thos Fuller £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Ford £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Jonathan Godby £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Garling £3 8 3 Gilbert Hayes £3 8 3 Francis Heyes £3 8 3 D Council £3 8 3 Wm Carr £3 8 3 H Cator deserted 28 Novr £2 4 ½ £1 19 0 £109 1 8¾ £1 4 9 Carrd over£514 4 0¾ Diet£46 2 5½	Brought over: £399 0s 7d, diet £7 16s 0d Drummers: Thomas Watts: £4 7s 9d Thomas London, at 7d per diem: £1 15s 0d Total: £6 2s 9d Sentinels: Thomas Alcock: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Adams: £3 8s 3d James Allis: £3 8s 3d Peter Bath: £3 8s 3d Richard Bishop, discharged 25 November: £2 1s 10.5d Daniel Bush: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 4s 9d John Brown senior: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Brown junior: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Joseph Bassett, corporal to 3 November at 14s 7.5d, sentinel from ditto at £2 1s 10.5d: £3 16s 5.5d Andrew Barton: £3 8s 3d George Bennet: £3 8s 3d, diet 6s 2.25d Matthew Brightwell: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Bernardus, entered 18 November: £1 12s 1.75d, diet 16s 6d William Bateman: £3 8s 3d, diet 6s 2.25d George Clark, deserted 28 November: £1 12s 1.75d, diet £1 4s 9d Peter Cummins: £3 8s 3d Walter Cox: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Campbell: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Henry Carter: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Matthew Cammell: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Robert Curry: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Anthony Castool: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Anthony Day: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d James English: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Ellis: £3 8s 3d Thomas Fuller: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Ford: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Jonathan Godby: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Garling: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Gilbert Hayes: £3 8s 3d Francis Heyes: £3 8s 3d David Council: £3 8s 3d William Carr: £3 8s 3d Henry Eaton, deserted 28 November: £2 4s 0.5d, diet £1 4s 9d Total: £109 1s 8.5d Carried over: £514 4s 0.75d Diet carried over: £46 2s 5.5d
218		215	Brot over£514 4 0¾ Diet Brot over£46 2 5½ Thos Hodges £3 8 3 Danl Waurhard £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Jeptha Germain £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Sol Jacobs £3 8 3 John Jones Senr deserted 28 Novr £2 4 0¼ Evan Jones £3 8 3 £1 4 9 John Jones Junr £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Thos Wheatrich £3 8 3 £1 6 9¾ Richd Hunt £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John King discharged 25 Novr £2 1 10½ £1 4 9 Thos Legg £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Lewis £3 8 3 Danl Langton £3 8 3 Thos Leach £3 8 3 Wm Moor £3 8 3 £1 6 7½ John Mudge £3 8 3 Wm Sprine £3 8 3 R Passall £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Pearson £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Thos Payne Senr £3 8 3 £1 19 0 T Payne Junr entd 18 Novr £1 12 1¾ £1 4 9 James Richardson £3 8 3 £16 6 D Rest entered 18 Novr £1 12 1¾ £16 6 T Ryland Do £1 12 1¾ £6 2½ John Sprake entd from 15 Decr £0 12 0 Arnold Sassori £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Danl Serjeant £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Scotcher £3 8 3 John Simpson £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Benj Seale £3 8 3 John Slack disch 25 Novr £2 1 10½ £1 4 9 John Spencer £3 8 3 £1 5½ John Gab Vanoslen £3 8 3 James Vaughan Senr £3 8 3 £1 19 0 James Vaughan Junr £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Peter Utenbrug entrd 18 Novr £1 12 1¾ £16 6 John Upton £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Twaits £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Thos Watson £3 8 3 John Willes £3 8 3 Thos Wagg £3 8 3 £526 0 7½ £1 10 9 Carried over£640 4 8¼ Diet£89 9 1½	Brought over: £514 4s 0.75d, diet £46 2s 5.5d Thomas Hodges: £3 8s 3d Daniel Waurhard: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Jeptha Germain: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Solomon Jacobs: £3 8s 3d John Jones senior, deserted 28 November: £2 4s 0.5d, diet £1 4s 9d Evan Jones: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Jones junior: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 6s 9.5d Thomas Wheatrich: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Richard Hunt: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John King, discharged 25 November: £2 1s 10.5d, diet £1 4s 9d Thomas Legg: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Lewis: £3 8s 3d Daniel Langton: £3 8s 3d Thomas Leach: £3 8s 3d William Moor: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 6s 7.5d John Mudge: £3 8s 3d William Sprine: £3 8s 3d Henry Passall: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Spearman: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Payne senior: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Payne junior, entered 18 November: £1 12s 1.75d, diet £1 4s 9d James Richardson: £3 8s 3d, diet 16s 6d David Rest, entered 18 November: £1 12s 1.75d, diet 16s 6d Thomas Ryland, ditto: £1 12s 1.75d, diet 6s 2.25d John Sprake, entered from 15 December: 12s 0d Arnold Sassori: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Daniel Serjeant: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Scotcher: £3 8s 3d John Simpson: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Benjamin Seale: £3 8s 3d John Slack, discharged 25 November: £2 1s 10.5d, diet £1 4s 9d John Spencer: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 8.5d John Gab Vanoster: £3 8s 3d James Vaughan senior: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d James Vaughan junior: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Peter Utenbrug, entered 18 November: £1 12s 1.75d, diet 16s 6d John Upton: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Twaits: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Watson: £3 8s 3d John Willes: £3 8s 3d Thomas Wass: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 10s 9d Total: £126 0s 7.5d Carried over: £640 4s 8.5d Diet carried over: £89 9s 1.5d
219		216	Brought over£640 4 8¼ Diet Brought over£89 9 1½ Second Company Thos Easthope Lieutt £12 10 0 John Dessountain Ensigns £14 11 3 Thos Kirkpatrick Ensigns £14 11 3 Edwd Bagley £14 11 3 £56 3 9 Serjeants John Leech £6 19 6 Thos Corker £6 19 6 £1 19 0 Wm Dahman £6 19 6 £1 19 0 David Wilson £6 19 6 Andrs Beals £6 19 6 John French £6 19 6 £41 17 0 Corporals Thos Swindall £4 7 9 John Aldrick £4 7 9 Gab Isaac £4 7 9 Saml Ashwick £4 7 9 John Collins £4 7 9 £1 19 0 James Long £4 7 9 £1 19 0 £26 6 6 Drummers Wm Ormes £1 7 9 £1 19 0 Wm Davis deserted 28 Novr £2 15 9½ £7 3 6½ £1 13 0 Centinels Wm Allis £3 8 3 Joseph Andrews £3 8 3 G Ayres £3 8 9 Wm Rynzer £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Thos Brown £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Brown £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Barrett £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Buffett £3 8 3 £6 2½ Wm Brooks £3 8 3 £1 19 0 £30 14 3 Carried over£802 9 8¾ Diet£110 18 3¾	Brought over: £640 4s 8.5d, diet £89 9s 1.5d Second Company: Thomas Easthope, lieutenant: £12 10s 0d John Deffountain, ensign: £14 11s 3d Thomas Kirkpatrick, ensign: £14 11s 3d Edward Bagley, ensign: £14 11s 3d Total: £56 3s 9d Sergeants: John Leech: £6 19s 6d Thomas Corker: £6 19s 6d, diet £1 19s 0d William Dahman: £6 19s 6d, diet £1 19s 0d David Wilson: £6 19s 6d Andrew Beale: £6 19s 6d John French: £6 19s 6d Total: £41 17s 0d Corporals: Thomas Swindall: £4 7s 9d John Aldrick: £4 7s 9d Gabriel Isaac: £4 7s 9d Samuel Ashwick: £4 7s 9d John Collins: £4 7s 9d, diet £1 19s 0d James Long: £4 7s 9d, diet £1 19s 0d Total: £26 6s 6d Drummers: William Ormes: £1 7s 9d, diet £1 19s 0d William Davis, deserted 28 November: £2 15s 9.5d, diet £1 13s 0d Total: £7 3s 6.5d Sentinels: William Allis: £3 8s 3d Joseph Andrews: £3 8s 3d George Ayres: £3 8s 9d William Kynzor: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Brown: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Brown: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Barrett: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Buffett: £3 8s 3d, diet 6s 2.5d William Brooks: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Total: £30 14s 3d Carried over: £802 9s 8.5d Diet carried over: £110 18s 3.75d
220		217	Brought over£802 9 8¾ Diet Brought over£110 18 3¾ Wm Bonfield £3 8 3 Peter Barker £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Andrew Bludman £3 8 3 £1 19 0 T Borah £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Barton disc 25 Novr £2 1 10½ John Beale £3 8 3 £1 4 9 John Bardin £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Burk £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Nichs Cope £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Thos Cope £3 8 3 £1 19 0 P Latchpole £3 8 3 T Draper £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Draper £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Baron Deloaf £3 8 3 John Drury £3 8 3 Danl Densfield £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Doveton £3 8 3 Isaac Evans £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Evans £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Saml Eales £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Hendrick Fleshoumor entd 2d Decr £1 1 9 £12 4½ Chris Garland £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Gann £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John George £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Thos Griffis deserted 28 Novr £2 4 ½ £1 4 9 John Holloway £3 8 3 John Hayes £3 8 3 Barnett Harmes disc 26 Novr £2 1 10½ £1 4 9 D Hayes £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Isaac Hudson £3 8 3	Brought over: £802 9s 8.5d, diet £110 18s 3.5d William Bonfield: £3 8s 3d Peter Barker: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Andrew Bludman: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Borah: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Barton, discharged 25 November: £2 1s 10.5d, diet £1 4s 9d John Beale: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Bardin: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Burk: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Nicholas Cope: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Cope: £3 8s 3d Peter Catchpole: £3 8s 3d Thomas Draper: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Draper: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Baron Deloaf: £3 8s 3d John Drury: £3 8s 3d Edmund Densfield: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Doveton: £3 8s 3d Isaac Evans: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Evans: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Samuel Eales: £3 8s 0d, diet £1 19s 0d Hendrick Fleshoumor, entered 2 December: £1 1s 9d, diet 12s 4.5d Christopher Garland: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Gann: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John George: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Griffis, deserted 28 November: £2 4s 0.5d, diet £1 4s 9d John Holloway: £3 8s 3d John Hayes: £3 8s 3d Barnett Harmes, discharged 26 November: £2 1s 10.5d, diet £1 4s 9d David Hayes: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Isaac Hudson: £3 8s 3d
221		218	Brot over£936 4 6¼ Diet Brot over£163 9 9¾ John Morgan £3 8 3 T Manning £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Robt Mash £3 8 3 £1 2 8¼ C Montague £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Neufis £3 8 3 £1 19 0 T Oliver £3 8 3 Lawrence Peterson £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Step Powers £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Page £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Rudesmark £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Edwd Stroud disc 25 Novr £2 1 10½ £1 4 9 Richd Smith £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Hermonus Simons entd 2d Decr £1 1 9 £12 4½ Richd Twaits £3 8 3 £1 19 0 John Taylor entd 9 Decr £0 16 6 £10 3¾ James Whitehead £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Benj Williams Senr £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Benj Williams Junr £3 8 3 £1 19 0 T Wright £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Josh Wyrell £3 8 3 £1 6 9¾ Peter Welles £3 8 3 £1 19 0 £65 8 7½ Artillery Company John French Gunr £20 10 0 Isaac Leech Do Mate £4 17 6 Thos Watts £4 17 6 D Sample £4 17 6 Robt Wood £4 17 6 £1 19 0 Roger Stevanson £4 17 6 £1 19 0 Wm Chetulgsworth £4 17 6 Wm Kenwedy £4 17 6 Wm Davis £4 17 6 £4 1½ Major Jackson Do Gunner £4 7 9 £1 19 0 John Christophell £4 7 9 John Barnett £4 7 9 £1 19 0 Thos Villingham £4 7 9 John Spencer Senr £4 7 9 £81 8 9 £1 19 0 Carrd over£1083 1 10¾ Diet£207 10 10½	Brought over: £936 4s 6.25d, diet £163 9s 9.75d John Morgan: £3 8s 3d Thomas Manning: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Robert Mason: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 2s 8.25d George Montague: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Neale: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Oliver: £3 8s 3d Lawrence Petersson: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Stephen Powers: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Page: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Rudesmark: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Edward Stroud, discharged 25 November: £2 1s 10.5d, diet £1 4s 9d Richard Smith: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Hermonus Simons, entered 2 December: £1 1s 9d, diet 12s 4.5d Richard Twaits: £3 8s 3d John Taylor, entered 9 December: 16s 6d, diet 10s 3.5d James Whitehead: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Benjamin Williams senior: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Benjamin Williams junior: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Wright: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Joseph Wyrell: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 6s 9.75d Peter Welles: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Total: £65 8s 7.5d Artillery Company: John French, gunner: £20 10s 0d Isaac Leech, gunner's mate: £4 17s 6d Thomas Watts: £4 17s 6d [...] Sample: £4 17s 6d Robert Wood: £4 17s 6d, diet £1 19s 0d Roger Nevanson: £4 17s 6d, diet £1 19s 0d William Chetwlgsworth: £4 17s 6d William Kenwedy: £4 17s 6d William Davis: £4 17s 6d, diet £1 1.5d Major Jackson, junior gunsman: £4 7s 9d, diet £1 19s 0d John Christophell: £4 7s 9d, diet £1 19s 0d John Barnett: £4 7s 9d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Villingham: £4 7s 9d John Spencer senior: £4 7s 9d, diet £1 19s 0d Total: £81 8s 9d Carried over: £1,083 1s 10.5d Diet carried over: £207 10s 10.5d
222		219	Brot over£1083 1 10¾ Diet Brot over£207 10 10½ John Hottage 2d Gunner £4 7 9 John Spencer Junr Do £4 7 9 £1 19 0 Walter Bellew £4 7 9 £1 19 0 Wm Caddy Mattross disc 25 Novr £4 7 9 £1 19 0 Wm Sheldon Do £2 9 10¼ £1 4 9 Thos Sillito £2 9 10¼ £1 4 9 John Button £4 1 3 £8 3 Saml Clarke £4 1 3 £1 19 0 Jos Boswell £4 1 3 John Smith £4 1 3 £1 19 0 Adam Milbourn £4 1 3 £1 19 0 Wm Turner £4 1 3 Humphrey Pugh £4 1 3 £1 19 0 F Bush £4 1 3 £1 19 0 Ely Leach £4 1 3 £1 19 0 John Watkins £4 1 3 £1 19 0 John Butler £4 1 3 £1 19 0 James Pritchard £4 1 3 £1 19 0 Edwd Arnold £4 1 3 £1 19 0 John Johnson disc 25 Novr £4 1 3 £1 19 0 Thos Pride £2 9 10¼ £1 4 9 John Bunn £4 1 3 £1 19 0 James Aldridge disc 25 Novr £4 1 3 £1 19 0 £2 9 10¼ £88 2 8 £1 4 9 Superanuated Jos Whaley Serjeant £3 8 3 John Hanson Do £3 8 3 £1 19 0 Wm Burnham Do £3 8 3 Isaac Sugarson Do Gunner £3 8 3 Geo Linsey Drummer £3 8 3 S Knife Centinel £3 8 3 Marg Goodwin £15 0 0 £35 9 6 Carrd over£1206 15 2¾ Diet£246 1 1½	Brought over: £1,083 1s 10.5d, diet £207 10s 10.5d John Nottage, junior gunner: £4 7s 9d John Spencer junior, ditto: £4 7s 9d, diet £1 19s 0d Walter Bollow: £4 7s 9d, diet £1 19s 0d William Caddy, matross, discharged 25 November: £2 9s 10.5d, diet £1 19s 0d William Hebton, ditto: £2 9s 10.5d, diet £1 4s 9d Thomas Sillito: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 4s 9.5d John Button: £4 1s 3d, diet 8s 9.5d Samuel Clarke: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Joseph Boswell: £4 1s 3d John Smith: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Adam Milbourn: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d William Turner: £4 1s 3d Humphrey Pugh: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Bush: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Ely Leach: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Watkins: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Butler: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d James Pritchard: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Edward Arnold: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d John Johnson, discharged 25 November: £2 9s 10.5d, diet £1 19s 0d Thomas Pride: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 4s 9d John Bunn: £4 1s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d James Aldridge, discharged 25 November: £2 9s 10.5d, diet £1 19s 0d, £1 4s 9d Total: £88 2s 8d Superannuated: Joseph Whaley, sergeant: £3 8s 3d John Hanson, ditto: £3 8s 3d William Burnham, ditto: £3 8s 3d, diet £1 19s 0d Isaac Hugarson, junior gunner: £3 8s 3d George Linsey, drummer: £3 8s 3d [...] Knife, sentinel: £3 8s 3d Margaret Goodwin: 15s 0d Total: £35 9s 6d Carried over: £1,206 15s 0.5d Diet carried over: £246 1s 1.5d
223		220	Brot over£1206 15 2¾ Diet Brot over£246 1 1½ Saml Doveton Overseers £15 0 0 John Twaits Overseers £7 10 0 Richd Gurling Overseers £7 10 0 James Dubbis £18 15 0 Wm Price Clerk £3 8 3 John Hanson Custom Mate £1 5 0 F Hungor Armourer £12 1 3 S Sprake Do Mate to 15 Decr £6 2 7½ £1 19 0 John Cross Do Mate from Do £1 7 4½ £1 19 0 Henry Moyce Carpenter to 9 Decr £10 5 5¾ £1 19 0 John Arthingstall Coxswain £7 10 0 Henry Higgins Storekeeper £2 0 0 John Leach Marshall £4 7 9 R Beale School Master £3 8 3 N Cleather Steward £7 10 0 T Kirkpatrick Steward to yr Hospital £5 0 0 Wm Dowse Gardner £9 11 3 John Barton Overseers at Fortifications £6 5 0 R Frisley Overseers at Fortifications £6 5 0 Wm Neuris Limeblaster £7 10 0 A Black Cooper £7 16 0 Wm Hayes Mad of Arms £6 5 0 T Jarvis Taylor for 78 Days work at 3/6 per Day for making & mending the Blacks Cloaths £13 13 0 £170 6 2¾ Totall Pay£1377 1 3¾ Totall Diet£253 57 1½	Brought over: £1,206 15s 0.75d, diet £246 1s 1.5d Samuel Doveton, overseer: 15s 0d John Twaits, overseer: £7 10s 0d Richard Gurling, overseer: £7 10s 0d James Dubois: £18 15s 0d William Price, clerk: £3 8s 3d John Hanson, custom master: £1 5s 0d Thomas Hungor, armourer: £12 1s 3d John Sprake, doctor's mate to 15 December: £6 2s 7.5d, diet £1 19s 0d John Cross, doctor's mate from ditto: £1 7s 4.5d, diet £1 19s 0d Henry Moyce, carpenter to 9 December: £10 5s 5.5d, diet £1 19s 0d John Arthingstell, coxswain: £7 10s 0d Henry Higgins, storekeeper: £2 0s 0d John Leach, marshal: £4 7s 9d Richard Beale, schoolmaster: £3 8s 3d Nicholas Cleather, steward: £7 10s 0d Thomas Kirkpatrick, steward to the hospital: £5 0s 0d William Dowse, gardener: £9 11s 3d John Barton, overseer at fortifications: £6 5s 0d Richard Finsley, overseer at fortifications: £6 5s 0d William Henvis, lime blaster: £7 10s 0d A black, cooper: £7 16s 0d William Hayes, master of arms: £6 5s 0d Thomas Jarvis, tailor, for 78 days' work at 3s 6d per day for making and mending the blacks' clothes: £13 13s 0d Total: £170 6s 2.75d Total pay: £1,377 1s 3.5d Total diet: £253 57s 1.5d
224		221	Account of Blacks Labour at the Fortifications at Ruperts due to the following Persons for the Months of Octobr November & Decr 1743 G. G. Powell Esqr £7 16 0 Robert Wright £3 18 0 John Bazetts Orpns £13 8 0 James Powell £2 8 0 Saml Doveton £3 14 0 John French Senr £3 7 0 John Dessountain £3 4 0 Jos Dessountain £2 1 0 Joshual Johnson £6 12 0 Simon Whaleys Orpns £5 6 0 Richd Frisley £7 10 0 C Stewards Orpns £12 8 0 John Barton £3 16 0 Henry Beale £1 2 0 £76 10 0 Account of Work done at the Fortifications at Ruperts by the sd Persons belonging to the Garrison vizt Bevin Ambrose £1 16 0 Jonl Godby £2 14 0 Anth Day £2 4 0 Danl Serjeant £1 8 0 John Jones Senr £0 17 0 M Cammell £2 10 0 T Fuller £0 11 0 T Wagg £1 18 0 H Carter £2 5 0 John Ellis £2 11 0 James Vaughan Senr £3 1 0 Evan Jones £0 10 6 John Ford £1 6 0 Carrd over£23 11 6	Account of blacks' labour at the fortifications at Rupert's, due to the following persons for the months of October, November and December 1743. George Gabriel Powell: £7 16s 0d Robert Wright: £3 18s 0d John Bazett's overseer: £13 8s 0d James Powell: £2 8s 0d Samuel Doveton: £3 14s 0d John French senior: £3 7s 0d John Deffountain: £3 4s 0d Joseph Deffountain: £2 1s 0d Joshua Johnson: £6 12s 0d Simon Whaley's overseer: £5 6s 0d Richard Finsley: £7 10s 0d Charles Steward's overseer: £12 8s 0d John Barton: £3 16s 0d Henry Beale: £1 2s 0d Total: £76 10s 0d Account of work done at the fortifications at Rupert's by the said persons belonging to the garrison, viz. Bowin Ambrose: £1 16s 0d Jonathan Godby: £2 14s 0d Anthony Day: £2 4s 0d Daniel Serjeant: £1 8s 0d John Jones senior: 17s 0d Matthew Cammell: £2 10s 0d Thomas Fuller: 11s 0d Thomas Wagg: £1 18s 0d Henry Carter: £2 5s 0d John Ellis: £2 11s 0d James Vaughan senior: £3 1s 0d Evan Jones: 10s 6d John Ford: £1 6s 0d Carried over: £23 11s 6d Interpretations The first account shows that payment for slave labour at the fortifications went to the slave owner, not to the slave who did the work: sums are entered against Powell, Wright, and the various overseers of estates such as Bazett's, Whaley's and Steward's, rather than against any named slave. This was the ordinary economic logic of slavery on the island, treating enslaved labour as a productive asset that its owner could hire out to the Company for cash, in the same way as livestock or land, while the second account, paying named garrison soldiers directly for the same fortification work, shows the wage relationship that free labour on the island actually took.
225		222	Brot over£23 11 6 John Upton £0 5 0 Robt Curry £2 6 0 John Morgan £1 15 0 T Brown £2 9 0 John Bardin £2 7 0 John Jayne £2 15 0 Edw Arnold £0 5 0 Wm Bonsfield £2 8 6 John Murdock £2 8 0 T Griffis £1 4 0 James do £2 3 0 C Montague £1 6 0 Stephen Powers £2 18 0 John Simpson £1 12 0 Wm Gann £2 8 0 Joseph Turk £3 0 0 Peter Wells £1 11 0 John Mannikey £1 9 0 John Drury £2 1 0 James English £1 19 6 John Beale £1 7 0 James Vaughan Junr £0 11 0 That Pascall £0 6 0 Robt Mason £0 3 0 Edwd Stroud £1 14 0 Wm Barton £1 10 0 Thos Oliver £0 3 0 Peter Barker £0 3 0 Benj Williams Senr £0 3 0 Wm Brooks £68 4 6	Brought over: £23 11s 6d John Upton: 5s 0d Robert Curry: 2s 6d John Morgan: £1 15s 0d Thomas Brown: £2 9s 0d John Bardin: £2 7s 0d John Jayne: £2 15s 0d Edward Arnold: 5s 0d William Bonfield: £2 8s 6d John Murdock: £2 8s 0d Thomas Griffis: £1 4s 0d James [...], boy: £2 3s 0d George Mountague: £1 6s 0d Stephen Powers: £2 18s 0d John Simpson: £1 12s 0d William Gann: £2 8s 0d Joseph Funk: £3 0s 0d Peter Wells: £1 11s 0d John Mannikey: £1 9s 0d John Drury: £2 1s 0d James English: £1 19s 6d John Beale: £1 7s 0d James Vaughan junior: £1 11s 0d Christopher Passall: 6s 0d Robert Mason: 3s 0d Edward Stroud: 3s 0d William Barton: £1 14s 0d Thomas Oliver: £1 10s 0d Peter Barker: 3s 0d Benjamin Williams senior: 3s 0d William Brooks: 3s 0d Total: £68 4s 6d
226		223	Isaac Leech for making & mending flags £5 16 0 Thos Manning for thirty seven Days Taylors Work at 3s per Day in Assisting in making & mending the new Madagascar Blacks Cloaths £5 12 0 Francis Wrangham Senr for 60 lb Wool at 12d per lb £3 0 0 Richard Bagley for 1700 Lemons £1 14 0 Thos Allis for 1400 Do £1 8 0 Ann Johnson for 5000 Do £5 0 0 James Allis for 1 express upon Alarm £0 5 0 Baron Deloaf 2 Do £0 10 0 Saml Eales for painting & plaistering £3 8 6 Wm Oakman for Carpenters Work £3 8 0 Hermonus Simons for making 32 Lime Bags at 3d each £0 8 0 Richd Gurling for 30 lb Wool £1 10 0 £34 19 6	Isaac Leech, for making and mending flags: £5 16s 0d Thomas Manning, for thirty seven days' tailor's work at 3s per day assisting in making and mending the new Madagascar blacks' clothes: £5 12s 0d Francis Wrangham senior, for 60 lb wool at 12d per lb: £3 0s 0d Richard Bagley, for 1,700 lemons: £3 0s 0d Thomas Allis, for 1,400 ditto: £1 14s 0d Ann Johnson, for 5,000 ditto: £1 8s 0d James Allis, for 1 express upon alarm: £5 0s 0d Baron Deloaf, 2 ditto: 5s 0d Samuel Eales, for painting and plastering: 10s 0d William Oakman, for carpenter's work: £3 8s 6d Hermonus Simons, for making 32 lime bags at 3d each: 8s 0d Richard Gurling, for 30 lb wool: £1 10s 0d Total: £31 19s 6d
227		224	Dr George Gabriel Powell To Cash for so much recd out of the Treasury £1568 2 3¾ To Do recd of the Soldiers for diet furnished them from the Honble Compys Stores per as yr Column £233 17 5½ Do recd of the Exors of Eliz Greentree decd for so much due upon the Honble Companys Books £52 17 0 £1874 16 4¾ Errors Excepted St Helena this 25 Janry 1743/4 G. G. Powell Paymastr	George Gabriel Powell, debtor. To cash for so much received out of the treasury: £1,368 2s 3.75d To ditto rested of the soldiers for diet furnished them from the Honourable Company's stores, per last column: £233 17s 5.5d To ditto received of the executors of Elizabeth Greentree, deceased, for so much due upon the Honourable Company's books: £52 17s 0d Total: £1,874 16s 4.75d Errors excepted. St Helena, this 25 January 1744. George Gabriel Powell, paymaster
228		225	Powell Paymaster Cr To Cash for Sallarys &c per the Honble Companys Servts for the Quarter ending 31 Decr Cast at yr Column £1377 1 3¾ By Do for 3 Expresses upon Alarm £0 15 0 Do making & mending the flags £5 16 0 Do for Lemons this Quart £8 2 0 Do for Soldiers Labour at Fortification at Ruperts this Quarter £68 4 6 Do for Blacks Labour at Do this Quart £76 10 0 Do for Taylors Work making & mending the New Madagascar Blacks Cloaths this Quarter £5 12 0 Do for a Quarter add in the Cash for Servts as Afsaid £31 14 9 By Do for 90 lb Wool to make Cloth £4 10 0 Do to Wm Oakman for Carpenters Work as pr Bill & Receipt £3 8 0 Do to Saml Eales for plaistering & painting as pr Bill & Receipt £3 8 6 Do paid making 32 Lime Bags £0 8 0 Balle this day paid in£1588 10 2¾ 283 6 4¾ £1874 16 4¾ The Accomptant this Day brot in his Journal Parcells for the Month of Decr last wch were Exd is as follows vizt Journal Parcells for this Month 1743 Decr 1 Neptune Pink Capt Dabbie Dr to Sundry Accounts£97 2 4 To Garrison for Anchorage £0 5 0 Naval Stores 1 Barrell Powder deld£3 10 0 25 lb Cartridge paper£0 3 6 3 13 6 Plantation 930 lb Beef 11 5 0 Robt Wrights Stores 32 7 5 Cash advancd him to pay his Amoners Wages 29 12 5 £97 3 4	Powell, paymaster, creditor. To cash for salaries etc for the Honourable Company's servants for the quarter ending 31 December, per last column: £1,377 1s 3.5d By ditto for 3 expresses upon alarms: 15s 0d Ditto for making and mending the flags: £5 16s 0d Ditto for lemons this quarter: £8 2s 0d Ditto for soldiers' labour at fortifications at Rupert's this quarter: £68 4s 6d Ditto for blacks' labour at ditto this quarter: £76 10s 0d Ditto for tailor's work making and mending the new Madagascar blacks' clothes this quarter: £15 12s 0d Ditto for a quarter's aid in the cash for servants as aforesaid: £31 14s 9d By ditto for 90 lb wool to make cloth: £4 10s 0d Ditto to William Oakman for carpenter's work as per bill and receipt: £3 8s 6d Ditto to Samuel Eales for plastering and painting as per bill and receipt: £3 8s 6d Ditto paid for making 32 lime bags: 8s 0d Balance this day paid in: £1,585 10s 0.75d Total: £1,874 16s 4.75d The accountant that day brought in his journal parcels for the month of December last, which were carefully examined and are as follows. Journal parcels for this month. 1743, 1 December. Ship Neptune, Captain Dabbady, debtor to sundry accounts, £97 3s 4d. To garrison for anchorage: 5s 0d Naval stores, 1 barrel powder delivered: £3 10s 0d 25 lb cartridge paper: 3s 6d Total naval stores: £3 13s 6d Plantation, 90 lb beef: £11 5s 0d Robert Wright, stores: £32 7s 5d Cash advanced him to pay his labourers' wages: £29 12s 5d Total: £97 3s 4d
229		226	By a barrell Powder Delivered By Cash Recd in the Stumble [...] Chest L 97 - 3 - 4 Sundry Accounts Dr to Stephen Poirier Capt. De Sadie £97. 3. 4 Ship Grantham Capt. Tale Dr to Sundry Accounts£ £226. 14. 8¾ Decr 1. To Harrison for Anchorage 5 Naval Stores 1 Barrell Powder not Delivered 5. 15 Plantation 1483lb Beef 18. 11. 3 C. Wright bond 199. 3. 5¾ L 223. 14. 8¾ Decr 15. Cash Dr to Sundry Accounts £224. 16. 2¾ To Ship Grantham Capt. Tale£ 223. 14. 8¾ Debt of Govr Goodwin Recd of Mr Vaughan 1. 1. 6 224. 16. 2¾ Sundry Accounts Dr to Cash£ £92. 12. 10 Charges Genl. of the Surgeon of the Swift attending A Sick [...] Slave£ 19. 10 1 Cask Red Shot 1. 5 20. 15. Diet Expences 220lb Sugar at 8d [...] 3. 14. 4 2 firkins Butter 6. 6. 10. . 4 Wine 15 Plantation - Garden Seed 2. 15. 1 Madagascar Cow 4. 10 8. 5. Boats 1 Pinnace with Oars & Masts 23. 5. Capt Hale to Cooper mending the Boat 7. 6 23. 12. 6 Household Goods 10gr Hinges£ 8. . . 10lb Baffus 7. . . 15. . .	Sundry accounts owed the Neptune, Captain Dabbady, £97 3s 4d. 13: A barrel of powder delivered, £0 3s 10d By cash received into the treasury's chest, £93 13s 4d £97 3s 4d The Grantham, Captain Hale, owed sundry accounts £226 14s 8¾d. Dec 1: Paid John Harrison for anchorage, £0 5s 0d Naval stores, 1 barrel of powder not delivered, £5 15s 0d Plantation, 1,485 lb of beef, £18 11s 3d Robert Wright, £199 3s 5½d £223 14s 8¾d Cash owed sundry accounts £224 16s 2¾d. The Neptune, Captain Dabbady, owed £223 14s 8¾d. The estate of the late Governor Goodwin sold goods to Mr Vaughan, £1 1s 6d. £224 16s 2¾d Sundry accounts owed cash £92 12s 10d. Charges general, the surgeon of the sloop attending, £19 10s 0d Cash paid for a slave lost, £1 5s 0d £20 15s 0d Diet expenses 205 lb of sugar at 4d per lb, £3 14s 4d 2 firkins of butter, £6 6s 0d Wine, £10 0s 4d Plantation Garden seed, £2 15s 0d 1 Madagascar cow, £4 10s 0d £15 0s 4d Boats 1 pinnace with oars and masts, £23 5s 0d Captain Hale's cooper mending the boat, £0 7s 6d £23 12s 6d Household goods 10 gallons of treacle, £8 0s 0d 16 dozen buffs, £7 0s 0d £15 0s 0d Interpretations The pinnace fitted out with oars and masts at £23 5s 0d, alongside a cooper's charge for mending a boat, points to the constant wear ships' boats suffered on St Helena's exposed roadstead, where there was no sheltered harbour and every landing of goods or passengers depended on small craft working through surf. The Madagascar cow purchased for the plantation at £4 10s 0d reflects the island's practice of restocking breeding animals from passing slave ships, since Madagascar vessels regularly called at St Helena and offered a source of livestock distinct from the Cape or Indian trade.
230		227	Profit & Loss Dr to Blacks £86. . . for the pd Blacks decd this Quarter viz Novr 19. 1 Man dead named Short Ears £25. . . Decr 20. 1 Do from Madagascar 20. . . 25. 1 Do Do 20. . . 31. 1 Do Do 20. . . 85. . . Cash Dr to Soldiers Diet£ 253. 17. 1 Cash Dr to Wm Greenhow£ 58. 17. - Sundry Accounts Dr to Cash one Quarters Sewt 31. 14. 9 90lb Wool 4. 10 Carpenters Work 3. 8 Plaisterers Do Repairing ye Houses 3. 8. 6 making 32 Lime bags 8. - 43. 9. 3 Diet Expences 8130 Lemons 8. 2 Sundry Accounts Salary pd the Garrison 1377. 1. 3¾ 3 Expresses or Alarms 15 Fortification viz£ mending & making Sevl Flags 5. 16 Soldiers Work at Bastions 68. 4. 6 Planters Blacks at Do 76. 10 150. 10. 6 Blacks Taylors Work for absenting in [...] the [...] Madagascar Blacks Cloths 3. 12 NB Husband Gunner & Steward brought in their Sevl accounts for the Month of Sept last which was Examind & provd were as followes Viz Expended	Profit and loss owed the blacks £85, for slaves who died this quarter, namely: 19 Nov: 1 man died, named Short Ears, £25 0s 0d 20 Dec: 1 ditto, from Madagascar, £20 0s 0d 25 Dec: 1 ditto, ditto, £20 0s 0d 31 Dec: 1 ditto, ditto, £20 0s 0d £85 0s 0d Cash owed soldiers' diet £253 17s 1d. Cash owed the estate of Elizabeth Greentree £58 17s 0d. Sundry accounts owed cash One quarter's [...], £31 14s 9d 90 lb wool, £4 16s 0d Carpenters' work, £3 8s 0d Plasterers' ditto, repairing the [...] houses, £3 8s 6d Making 32 lime bags, £0 8s 0d £43 7s 3d Diet expenses, 8,150 lemons, £8 2s 0d. Sundry accounts, salaries paid the garrison, £1,377 1s 3¾d; three expresses or alarms, £0 2s 5d. Fortification, namely Mending and making several flags, £5 16s 0d Soldiers' work at the ramparts, £68 4s 0d Planters' blacks at ditto, £76 10s 0d £150 10s 6d Blacks: tailors' work for [...] in [...] the new Madagascar blacks' clothing, £3 12s 0d. The husband, the gunner and the steward submitted their accounts for September, which the council checked and approved, set out below.
231		228	Expended for the Use of the Genl Table in the Month of Decr 1783 16 Bottles of Wine 1. . . 75 [...] Port 4. 13. 9 27 [...] Mountain 1. 15. 9 33 [...] Red Cape 16. 6 23 [...] White Do 11. 6 8 [...] Florence Oyl 1. - 243 [...] Small Beer 2. 5. 6¾ 178 Galls Arrack 22. 5 166lb Sugar 5. 17. 4 90lb Candy 1. 10 3½ Casks Flour 4. 19. 6 4lb Pepper 2 4 Bushells Salt 1. - 56lb Salt Beef 8. 8 67lb Pork 6. 19. 7 7 Goats 3. 10 30 Hogs 1. 12. 6 2 Sheep 2. - 497 fresh Beef 6. 4. 3 13 fowls 19. 6 2 Turkeys 10 1 Gross Corks 2. 3 3 Galls Train Oyl [...] £ 78 - 11¾ Gunners Stores Expended in the Month of December viz Guns Fired, [blank], 6, [blank], [blank] Arrived the Grantom Capt Hale 9, [...], 9, [...] Arrivd the Neptune Capt Daborde 9, 5, 6, 18 Fired for Capt Hale & Capt Daborde Landing 15, [...], 15, 15 Fired to Return the Salute of the Grantom 9, [...], 9, 9 Fired to Return the Salute of the Neptune 9, [...], 9, 9 Fired to Capt Hale going on Board 9, [...], 9, 9 Departed the Grantom Capt Hale 9, [...], 9, 9 Departed the Neptune Capt Daborde 9, 3, 6, 18 5 horses of Powder Expended for firemen 15 Powder for the blast 10 Powder for the Guard and out ports 19 Powder for Exercising 100 The Total 87, 6, 81, 2¾ Match 36lb [...] Wads 60t [...] Load balls 18b [...] Sponge Staves 13 [...] Hand Spikes 1 [...] Horse Hire 1 Papers Deliverd to the Neptune Capt Daborde 8er	The general table expenses for December 1743 were recorded as follows: Wine Port, 75 bottles, £1 15s 9d Mountain, 27 bottles, £1 15s 6d Red Cape, 33 bottles, £1 16s 6d White ditto, 23 bottles, £0 11s 6d Florence oil, 8 flasks, £2 5s 0d Small beer, 245 bottles, £6 7¾d Arrack, 178 gallons, £22 8s 6d Sugar, 166 lb, £5 17s 4d Candy, 90 lb, £1 10s 0d Flour, 3½ casks, £4 19s 6d Pepper, 4 lb, £0 1s 2d Salt, 4 bushels, £0 1s 0d Salt beef, 56 lb, £8 8s 0d Pork, 6½ [...], £6 14s 7d Goats, 9, £3 10s 0d Hogs, 31, £1 12s 6d Sheep, 2, £2 0s 0d Fresh beef, 497 lb, £6 4s 3d Fowls, 13, £1 9s 6d Turkeys, 5, £0 10s 0d Goose, 1, £2 3s 0d Palm oil, [...] gallons, £0 [...] £78 0s 11¾d Gunner's stores expended in December, namely: 9 guns fired 6 guns fired 4 guns fired [...] guns fired The Grantham, Captain Hale, arrived, and the Neptune, Captain Dabbady, arrived. Guns were fired for Captain Hale and Captain Dabbady landing, to return the salute of the Governor, to return the salute of the Neptune, and for Captain Hale going aboard. The Grantham, Captain Hale, departed, and the Neptune, Captain Dabbady, departed. 5 barrels of powder expended for [...] Powder for the blockhouse, [...] Powder for the guard and outports, [...] Powder for exercising, [...] This total: 87 guns fired, 0s [...], 81¾ lb powder Match, 366 [...] Wads, 60 Round shot, 15 Sponge staves, 13 Handspikes, 1 Horsehide, 1 Signed, John French, gunner. Interpretations The 245 bottles of small beer and the heavy arrack issue of 178 gallons alongside a full range of wines point to a table swollen by Christmas entertaining and by the presence of two ships' companies, the Grantham and the Neptune, both in the road together through December.
232		229	Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle for the Month of December 1743 Vizt Neat Cattle,Sheep,Goats,Hogs,Poultry,Horses [column headers row]: Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearling Calves, Bulls, Total, Ews, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, He Goats, Kidds, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Muscovy, Turkeys, Missing, Total Remaining 1st Decr: Bullocks 83, Cows 102, Heifers 37, Steers 26, Yearling Calves 31, Bulls 6, Total 317, Ews 93, Weathers 22, Lambs 20, Rams 3, Total 538, Ewes 540, He Goats 43, Kidds 37, Rams 4, Total 244, Sows 20, Barrows 15, Shoats 21, Piggs 63, Boars 3, Total 122, Turkeys 68, Fowls 195, Ducks 43, Muscovy 7, Turkeys 9, Missing 6, Total 15 Increasd in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearling Calves 16, Bulls 0, Total 16, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, He Goats 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 14, Boars 0, Total 14, Turkeys 0, Fowls 20, Ducks 0, Muscovy 0, Turkeys 0, Missing 2, Total 2 Killed in Do: Bullocks 33, Cows 102, Heifers 37, Steers 26, Yearling Calves 31, Bulls 98, Bulls 6, Total 333, Ews 93, Weathers 22, Lambs 20, Rams 3, Total 138, Ewes 140, He Goats 43, Kidds 57, Rams 4, Total 244, Sows 20, Barrows 16, Shoats 21, Piggs 77, Boars 3, Total 136, Turkeys 68, Fowls 215, Ducks 43, Muscovy 7, Turkeys 9, Missing 7, Total 15 Sent on Board the Grantham: Bullocks 6, Cows 1, Heifers 2, Steers 0, Yearling Calves 0, Bulls 1, Total 10, Ews 0, Weathers 2, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 2, Ewes 1, He Goats 6, Kidds 1, Rams 0, Total 8, Sows 0, Barrows 2, Shoats 2, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 4, Turkeys 6, Fowls 53, Ducks 4, Muscovy 0, Turkeys 0, Missing 0, Total 0 Died in Do: Bullocks 27, Cows 100, Heifers 35, Steers 26, Yearling Calves 31, Bulls 96, Bulls 6, Total 321, Ews 93, Weathers 20, Lambs 20, Rams 3, Total 130, Ewes 139, He Goats 37, Kidds 56, Rams 4, Total 236, Sows 20, Barrows 13, Shoats 19, Piggs 73, Boars 3, Total 132, Turkeys 62, Fowls 162, Ducks 39, Muscovy 7, Turkeys 9, Missing 0, Total 15 Sold in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearling Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, He Goats 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowls 0, Ducks 0, Muscovy 0, Turkeys 1, Missing 0, Total 1 Remaining 31 Do: Bullocks 27, Cows 100, Heifers 35, Steers 26, Yearling Calves 31, Bulls 96, Total 6, Total 321, Ews 93, Weathers 20, Lambs 20, Rams 3, Total 130, Ewes 130, He Goats 37, Kidds 56, Rams 4, Total 236, Sows 20, Barrows 13, Shoats 19, Piggs 74, Boars 3, Total 129, Turkeys 62, Fowls 162, Ducks 39, Muscovy 7, Turkeys 8, Missing 8, Total 16 497lb Beef expended 64. Veal 239. Pork 1485lb Beef sold to the Grantham 900 Do to the Neptune Yams expended at the sevl Plantations 30000lb Beef given to the Blacks 3 Men Never Deard Margin Notes: [Signature at foot of page] Wm G G Lowell [...]	Neat cattle: bullocks, cows, heifers, steers, yearlings, calves, bulls, total Remaining 1 Dec: 33, 102, 37, 26, 31, 82, 6, 317 Increased in ditto: 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 0, 16 Killed in ditto: 6, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 10 Put on board the Grantham: [...] Died in ditto: 27, 100, 35, 26, 31, 96, 6, 321 Remaining 31 ditto: 27, 100, 35, 26, 31, 96, 6, 321 Sheep: ewes, wethers, lambs, rams, total Remaining 1 Dec: 93, 22, 20, 3, 138 Killed in ditto: 93, 22, 20, 3, 138 Died in ditto: 93, 20, 20, 3, 130 Remaining 31 ditto: 93, 20, 20, 3, 130 Goats: ewes, wethers, kids, rams, total Remaining 1 Dec: 140, 43, 37, 4, 224 Killed in ditto: 140, 43, 57, 4, 224 Died in ditto: 139, 37, 56, 4, 236 Remaining 31 ditto: 130, 37, 56, 4, 236 Hogs: sows, shoats, barrows, pigs, boars, total Remaining 1 Dec: 20, 13, 21, 63, 3, 122 Killed in ditto: 20, 16, 21, 77, 3, 136 Died in ditto: 20, 13, 19, 77, 3, 132 Remaining 31 ditto: 20, 13, 19, 74, 3, 129 Poultry: turkeys, fowls, ducks, total Remaining 1 Dec: 68, 195, 43, 7 Killed in ditto: 68, 215, 53, 7 Died in ditto: 62, 162, 39, 7 Horses: horses, mares, total Remaining 1 Dec: 9, 6, 15 Killed in ditto: 9, 6, 15 Died in ditto: 9, 8, 15 Remaining 31 ditto: 8, 8, 16 497 lb of beef expended, 64 lb of veal, 239 lb of pork. 1,485 lb of beef sold to the Grantham, 900 lb ditto to the Neptune. Yams expended at the several plantations, 30,000 lb. Beef given to the blacks. Three men slaves dead. Signed, George Gabriel Powell. Interpretations The neat cattle total held almost level across December, 317 falling to 321, in contrast with the sharp reductions the herd had suffered in earlier recorded Decembers, when Christmas killing and shipping sales routinely cut deeper into the stock. The steadiness here reflects the presence of two ships together in the road, the Grantham and the Neptune, which took their beef partly through direct purchase of live cattle recorded elsewhere in this month's accounts rather than through killing recorded in this table, sparing the herd the heavier December losses of 1735 to 1738. The goat total of well over two hundred stands in sharp contrast with the Company's goat stock thirteen years earlier, when the destruction voted in January 1730 had reduced the herd to nothing by February 1731 under the fear that goats were destroying the island's wood. The column's steady rebuilding since its reappearance in the stock accounts of October 1739 shows that policy fully reversed by the 1740s, the Company again keeping goats as ordinary livestock rather than treating them as a threat to be extirpated.
233		230	George Gabriel Powell Esqr this Day Presented a Petition praying to be admitted a purchaser to 3 Acres of Land that now lays [...] Waste & uncultivated by any one Situate near the upper part of thapples Valley & adjoyning to the lower end of Joseph Fountains Plantation And likewise for a Lease of about six Acres of Barren Land adjoyning to his other Lands Situate upon Bak hill Granted And the Secretary was ordered to prepare a Bill of Sale for one & a Lease for the other G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 31 day of Jany at the Castle Present G G Powell Esqr Govr John Godfrey 2d of Council Robt Wright 3d of Council The last Consultation was Read & approved The Governour Reports that the Honble Companys Black houses have been very much out of repair for these 3 years past That last year he did all that Cou'd be done to such [...] Buildings to preserve em a while Longer but that Notwithstanding they are become now so extreamly	George Gabriel Powell petitioned that day to be admitted purchaser of two acres of land lying waste and uncultivated by anyone, near the upper part of Chapel Valley and adjoining the lower end of Joseph Defountaine's plantation. He likewise petitioned for a lease of about six acres of barren land adjoining his other lands, situated upon Bank Hill. Both requests were granted, and the secretary was ordered to prepare a bill of sale for the first parcel and a lease for the other. Signed, George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright. A consultation was held on Tuesday 31 January at the castle. Present were George Gabriel Powell, Governor, John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The previous consultation was read and approved. The Governor reported that the Honourable Company's black houses had been very much out of repair for the past three years. Last year he had done all that could be done to preserve such crazy buildings for a while longer, but that notwithstanding this they had now become so bad that Interpretations Powell petitioned his own board for both parcels, sitting as Governor and first of council over the very body granting him the land, with Godfrey and Wright, his own subordinate councillors, as the only other voices in the decision. The council's ordinary land business and its members' private acquisitions ran through the same unseparated process throughout this record, a councillor's petition receiving no different scrutiny than any inhabitant's. The Company's black houses were the quarters built to lodge its slaves, distinct from the households of free inhabitants. Powell's report that the previous year's repairs had merely preserved crazy buildings for a while longer, rather than rebuilt them, reflects a recurring pattern in the Company's management of slave housing on St Helena: patching structures to defer collapse rather than committing the greater expense of replacement, a choice that shows itself again whenever the same buildings return to the record in worse condition than the last repair had promised.
234		231	bad as that it is a Crime to suffer the Slaves who Repair or Build them any longer to work under the Furze Bushes than in most of those better houses repaird tho' that they should catch their Deaths for his really seeing & Consider Agreed that they be sett about & repaird before his Excelly Departs Sotts on if possible & that as the Company have at this time no Deals in the Stores there be Teak Board bought for that purpose if they can be procured The Storekeeper reports that the Salt Beef stock in the Stores were near consumed & that there were not above 3 Months remaining wch are not sufficient for one Quarters allowance to the Garrison Whereupon we Considerd of the Circumstances & manner of providing for the Garrison Suitable Provisions & on due Consideration we came to a Resolution to publish the following Order£ This is to give Notice to all Persons in the Garrison who now have Diet out of the Stores that they be no Provisions being Exhausted they must provide themselves with proper Provisions from the Plantations on this Island or on before the 13th Day of Feby next And also that there will be a stopt at the Pay Table of the Comps Council their nine Shillings for each Mans quarterly Maintenance Henry Higgins this Day appeared before us & Deposed as followes Vizt Henry Higgins of St Helena Soldier being Sworn and Examined this 31 day of Jany 1743 upon his Oath saith That on the seventeenth instant in the Evening he was Provided by John Pearce of this Island Soldier to take a Nights lodging with him to which this Deponent accepted off and went to the house of the sd Pearces & on his entring he laid himself down all along on a Cott that stood by the Door & thereupon went to the other room but soon after returnd & told this Deponent he had not care to lay along in that Room and desired to lye with this Depont [...] Whereupon this Deponent [...] please to lay a Bed there was in the other Room on a Cott there & this Deponent then went to Bed & Pearces soon came to Bed to this Deponent presently after which this Pearces seized this Depont by his Privates Parts and£	The houses had become so bad that it was a crime to let the slaves lodge in them, since they ran a real risk of catching their deaths there, and were in truth safer and better lodged under the furze bushes than in most of those little houses. Agreed that they be looked about and repaired before the rainy season sets in, if possible, and that as the Company had at this time no deals in the stores, there be teak boards bought for that purpose, if they can be procured. The storekeeper reported that the salt beef and pork in the stores were nearly consumed, and that there was not above a fortnight's remaining, which were not sufficient for one quarter's allowance to the garrison. Whereupon we considered of the circumstances and manner of providing for the garrison suitable provisions, and on due consideration we came to a resolution to publish the following advertisement. This is to give notice to all persons in the garrison who now have diet out of the stores, that whose provisions being exhausted they must provide themselves with proper provisions from the plantations on this island, on or before the 13th day of February next. And also that there will be stopped at the pay table by the Governor and council's order nine shillings for each man's due proportion of maintenance. Henry Higgins this day appeared before us and deposed as follows, viz: Henry Higgins of St Helena, soldier, being sworn and examined this 31st day of January 1744, deposed that on the seventeenth instant, in the evening, he was invited by John Spearce, a soldier of this island, to take a night's lodging with him, which invitation this deponent accepted of and went to the house of the said Spearce. And on his entering he laid himself down alone on a cot that stood by the door, and there he continued for about an hour, but soon after returned, told this deponent he had not care to lie alone in that room, and desired to lie with this deponent. Whereupon this deponent believed there was a bad intention in the other, lay on at the wall. This deponent then went to bed, and Spearce soon came to bed to this deponent, presently after which this Spearce seized this deponent by his private parts and Interpretations The order stopping nine shillings from each soldier's pay for his own maintenance, issued in the same breath as the notice that he must feed himself from the plantations, shows the garrison's diet run as a charge recovered from the men rather than a benefit supplied free by the Company, the Company's store simply standing as the intermediary through which the soldiers' own money purchased their food until the stock ran short.
235		232	Calling him his Dear attempted to kiss him & suddenly drawing this Deponts Leg over him attempted to thrust his private parts into this Deponts fundament Whereupon this Deponent immediately knockd Pearce off the Cott & there beat him about the Room after which this Depont dressd himself & went away St Helena The mark X of 31 Jany 1743 Henry Higgins Sworn Coram me John Pearce being called upon, Confessed his having been with Higgins at the times & Place as set forth by Higgins in his Deposition, But utterly deny'd his attempting to Debauch Higgins, or doing ought Else immoderate Whereupon Pearce was Orderd to be Secured in the Prison for further Examination G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright At a Consultation Held on Tuesday 7th of Feby 1743 at the Castle Present The last Consultation was Read & approvd The last Will & Testament of Edward Burnden decd was this Day Deposited by the Executors thereof Mr Sept: Wm Doyle & Benjaman Pledger, Requesting the Same might be proved which was Accordingly done upon ye Oaths of the Witnesses thereto vizt Joshua Dowall Tho Pledger & John Wills The Will is as follows vizt£ In the name of God Amen I Edward Burnden being Sick and Weak of Body but of sound and Perfect Mind & Memory thanks be to Allmighty God Knowing	Higgins kicked Pearce off the cot and beat him about the head before dressing and leaving. He swore to this at St Helena on 31 January 1744, signing with his mark before the Governor. Called before the council, Pearce admitted being with Higgins at the time and place Higgins described. He denied trying to debauch him or acting improperly in any other way. The council ordered him held in prison pending further examination, and Powell, Godfrey and Wright signed the record. The council met again on Tuesday 7 February 1744 at the castle. It read and approved the previous consultation. William Seale and Benjamin Pledger, executors named in the will of the late Edward Burndon, brought the will before the council that day and asked that it be proved. The council proved it on the oaths of the witnesses Joshua Dorrall, Thomas Pledger and John Wills. The will began with a religious preamble. Burndon was sick and weak in body when he made it, but of sound mind, and he gave thanks to God for that. Interpretations Pearce's denial left the council with two irreconcilable accounts and no independent witness. Committing him to prison rather than releasing or sentencing him shows the council treating the contradiction itself as grounds for continued custody, the truth to be settled by further examination rather than decided on the spot.
236		233	that it is Appointed for all Men Once to Die do make & Ordain this my Last Will and Testament First & Principally I give and Recommend my Soule to the hands of Almighty God and As for my Body I recommend to the Earth to be buried in a Christian like [...] Decent manner at the Discretion of my Executors as touching my Worldly Effects I give and Dispose of the same In Manner & form as followeth£ Imprimis I give to Benjamin Seale three Sheep Item I give to William Seale All the Remainder of my Estate£ Lastly I have made and Appoint my Trusty friends Benjaman Pledger & Willm Seale Executors of this my Last Will and Testament Utterly Revoaking & Disannuling All former Wills or Wills In Wittness whereof I have here unto Set my Hand Seal this 18 Day of Novr Ao 1743 Signd Seald & Declard to be his Last Will & Testament In yee Presence of Us Edward Burnham John Wills X his Mark Thos Pledger O his Mark Jos Worrall£ We this day Recd Account of the Estate of Hannah Nichols Decd the sum of £1. 3. 7½ The Executors of the Last Will & Testament of Mr Willm Cole Decd sate of Council at Bencoolin this Day brought In an Accot Sales of his Effects Which were Sworn to by them to be true & Just to the best of there Knowledge Vizt Account Sales of the Effects of Mr Willm Cole Decd Sold at Publick Auction the 27 Janry 1743 4 Vizt 6 Dongle Doves & a Teak Boards 1. 8 1 Mahogony Arm Chair 1. 10 1 [...] Bottles£ 18. 6 1 Malbay & Willow 1. 15 1 Dl Pillows 1. 5 2 Single Bags Paper£ 8. 6 2 stools & Snuffers & half pint Cup£ 8 A Small & small China 18 A small Cane & Green Tea about 2 lb 1. 6 A Small [...]£ £ 19. 16	Edward Burnham declared this to be his last will and testament, revoking all former wills. He left Benjamin Seale three sheep and gave William Seale the whole remainder of his estate. He named Benjamin Pledger and William Seale his executors, and signed and sealed the will on 18 November 1743. It was witnessed by John Wills, Thomas Pledger and Joseph Worrall, the first two signing with their mark. The council that day received the account of the estate of Humphrey Nichols, deceased, amounting to £1 0s 3¾d. The executors of the will of William Coles, deceased, late of council at Bencoolen, brought before the council an account of the sale of his effects, and swore it true and just to the best of their knowledge. Account of the sale of the effects of William Coles, deceased, sold at public auction on 27 January 1744, namely: 6 deal doors and [...] teak boards, £2 1s 8d 1 mahogany elbow chair, £1 10s 0d [...] of bottles, £0 18s 6d [...] wash [...] and [...], £1 15s 0d A pot and pillows, £1 5s 0d 1 ditto pillows, [...] 2 single bags of pepper, £0 8s 6d 2 chests, a snake skin and half pint cups, [...] A small [...] of nothing, £0 6s 0d A small table and a bench, £0 10s 0d A small quantity of green tea, about 2 lb, [...] A small ditto, 12 [...], [...] £19 1s 6d Interpretations Burnham's will disposed of almost nothing beyond three sheep to one legatee and the residue to the other, a holding too modest to need the elaborate provisions seen in wealthier island estates such as Goodwin's or Alexander's, where household plate, slaves and multiple parcels of land had to be divided among rival claimants. The Coles sale, by contrast, itemises imported furnishings, a mahogany elbow chair and teak boards among them, that mark a household stocked from the eastern trade rather than from the island's own resources, consistent with a man who had served at Bencoolen and come to St Helena only for his health before dying there on 12 January 1744.
237		234	Brought Over£ 10. 16. 6 4 Books 16. 6 A Parcell of Old Books 6. 6 1 Malbay Matt Cloth 7. - 2 Pair Old Shoes & a Pr Slippers 2. - 1 Small Box Medicines 1. 6 1 Do£ 1. 8 1 Box Tea abt ½lb - 1 Cannister Do 4lb 1. 15. - 1 Copper Saucepan£ 7. 6 1 Do 8. - 1 Basket & Wooden Dish£ 5. 6 1 Tinder Box£ 8 4 Old Locks 3. - 1 Jarr 1. 1 4 Petty Souls 5 4 Large Silver Spoons & 2 Small Do£ 2. 4. 1 1 Silver Scale£ 1. 6 1 Gold Ring Courtsy Make£ 12. 2£ 1 Do£ 16 1 Do Gold Sleeve Buttons Do£ 10 1 Bedsted£ 11. 6 1 Small Cooking Glass with Barkin Frame£ 7. 4 1 Bag Sugar about 60lb 1. 8. - 1 Do 60lb 1. 1. 6 1 Do Candy about 66lb 1. - 1 Jarr Sugar 7 1 Do Tamarinds 4 1 Sack of Green Tea abt 60lb 17. 10 1 Old Fan 3. 6 2 Silver Salts 3. 6 1 Old Pepper Box 6 3 Junkins 2. 6 1 Coat Waistcoat & a Pr Breeches 1. 6 1 Blue Cloth Coat 1 Pr Breeches & Waistcoat 14. 18. - 1 Do Silk Do Waistcoat & 1 Pr Breeches 1. 15 1 Coat & a Pr Breeches 10 1 Red Cloth Coat & 2 Pr Breeches 1. 10 4 Waistcoats & 5 Pr Breeches 1. 5 1 Old Black Silk Coat Waistcoat & a Pr Breeches 1. 6 1 Gold Laced Hatt£ 3. 6 1 Silverd Do 3. 6 1 Banjan & quilt£ 6 1 Silver Saucepan & Cover£ 6. 2 8 Buckles & Shaving Horn 1. 1. 6 6 Shirts 1. 11 6 Do£ 9 4 Do Carrd Over 66. 12. 4	Brought over, £10 16s 6d 4 books A parcel of old books, £0 16s 6d 1 woollen mat cloak, £0 6s 6d 2 pair of old shoes and 1 pair of slippers, [...] 1 small box of medicines, £0 1s 8d 1 ditto, [...] 1 box of tea, about ½ lb, £0 15s 0d 1 canister ditto, 4 lb, [...] 1 copper saucepan, £1 7s 8d 1 ditto, [...] 1 basket and [...] lock, £0 5s 6d 1 tinder box, £0 8s 8d 4 old locks, £0 3s 0d 1 jar, £0 1s 1d 4 pewter [...], £0 5s 0d 4 large silver spoons and 2 small ditto, £2 1s 6d 1 silver scale, [...] 1 gold ring, curious make, £0 12s 2d 1 gold ditto, [...] 1 ditto, gold sleeve buttons, £0 10s 0d 1 bodkin, £0 11s 6d 1 small cooking glass with black frame, £0 7s 4d 1 bag of sugar, about 60 lb, £1 8s 0d 1 ditto, 60 lb, £1 1s 6d 1 ditto candy, about 66 lb, [...] 1 jar of sugar, [...] 1 pot of tamarinds, [...] 1 sack of green tea, about 60 lb, £17 10s 0d 1 old chair, £0 3s 6d 2 silver salts, [...] 1 old pepper box, £0 3s 6d 3 penknives, £0 6s 0d 1 coat and waistcoat and 2 pair of breeches, £1 2s 6d 1 blue cloth coat, 1 pair of breeches and waistcoat, £4 0s 0d 1 ditto silk ditto, waistcoat and 1 pair of breeches, £1 18s 0d 1 coat and 2 pair of breeches, £0 15s 0d 1 red cloth coat and 2 pair of breeches, £1 10s 0d 4 waistcoats and 5 pair of breeches, £1 10s 0d 1 old black silk coat, waistcoat and 2 pair of breeches, £1 5s 0d 1 gold-laced hat, £1 10s 0d 1 silver ditto, £0 6s 6d 1 banyan and quilt, £0 3s 6d 1 silver saucepan and cover, £6 6s 0d 5 buckles and a shaving horn, £0 2s 6d 6 shirts, £1 1s 6d 6 ditto, £1 11s 0d 4 ditto, £0 9s 0d Carried over, £66 12s 4d Interpretations A banyan was a loose informal gown worn by East India Company men in place of a coat, adopted from Indian dress for comfort in a hot climate. Its presence here, along with a sack of green tea worth £17 10s 0d and jars of sugar and tamarinds, reflects a wardrobe and household stocked from years spent in the eastern trade rather than assembled locally, consistent with a man who had served at Fort Marlborough and Bencoolen before coming to St Helena for his health. The gold ring of curious make and the gold sleeve buttons, sold alongside a battered stock of old shoes, locks and a tinder box, show an estate mixing genuine wealth with the ordinary wear of everyday use, the sort of inventory produced when a household's whole effects are put to auction rather than sorted first into what is fit to keep and what is fit to sell.
238		235	Brought Over£ 66. 12. 4 6 Shirts 16. 6 6 Handkerchiefs 4. 6 3 Quilted Caps 5. - 3 Do 2. 7 6 Towells 9. 8 4 Pr Cases 10 3 Pr Stockings 1. 8 2 Banjans 1. 5. 6 1 Flannell Waistcoat & a Towell 19. 7 4 Banjan Shirts 1. 13. 6 6 White Waistcoats 13. - 4 Do Short Drawers 9. - 6 Pr Do 15. 6 12 Pr Do 3. - 1 Doz Caps 10. - 21 Caps 15. 6 4 Pr Drawers & 2 Bed Caps 2. 6 27 Stocks 10. 6 6 Pr Cotton Stockings 10. 6 1 Do 2. 6 1 White Waistcoat 3 Drawers & 2 Caps 1. 10. 6 1 Remnant of Broad Cloth 6 1 Remnant of Flannell 6. 6 12 Quire of Paper 2. -. 6 1 Remnant of Bombay Silk 1. 8. 3 1 Remnant Blue Cloth 16 1 Remnant China Silk 18 1 Do Camberick 1. 5 1 Pr Bengall Taffety 1. 3. 1 1 Remnant Duroys & 2 Remt Cloth & a Remt bays 2. 10. 6 1 Pr Red Silk 12 1 Shirt 2 Pillow Cases & 3 Pr Stockings 11 3 Checkd Shirts 4 Towells & 1 Handkerchief 4. 2 1 Pr Flowerd Silk 1. 4 1 Pr Bengall Do 1. 4 6 Do 1. 4 2 Petty Souls 1. 8 1 Remnt Blue Silk 1. 10 1 Callempore 1. 16 7 Pr Stockings 1 Silk Handkerchief & a Towell 1. 5 2 Pr Patna Chints 1. 16 2 Pr Madras Do 1. 16 2 Pr Do 104. 19. 6 Cartd Over	Brought over, £66 12s 4d 6 shirts, £0 16s 6d 6 handkerchiefs, £0 4s 6d 3 quilted caps, £0 5s 0d 3 ditto, £0 2s 7d 6 towels, £0 9s 8d 4 pair of caps, £0 1s 8d 3 pair of stockings, £0 5s 6d 2 banyans, £0 19s 0d 1 flannel waistcoat and 1 towel, £1 13s 6d 4 banyan shirts, £0 13s 0d 6 white waistcoats, £0 9s 6d 4 pair of short drawers, £0 15s 6d 6 ditto, £0 3s 0d 12 ditto, £0 10s 6d 1 dozen caps, £0 15s 0d 21 caps, £0 2s 6d 4 pair of drawers and 2 bed caps, £0 10s 6d 27 stocks, £1 0s 6d 6 pair of cotton stockings, £0 2s 6d 1 ditto, £0 10s 6d 1 white waistcoat, 3 drawers and 2 caps, £0 8s 6d 1 remnant of broad cloth, £1 0s 6d 1 remnant of flannel, £0 6s 0d 12 quire of paper, £0 6s 6d 1 remnant of Bombay silk, £2 0s 6d 1 remnant of blue cloth, £1 8s 3d 1 remnant of China silk, £0 16s 0d 1 ditto cambric, £0 18s 0d 1 ditto Bengal taffety, £1 5s 0d 1 remnant of doreas and 2 remnants of cloth and 1 remnant bag, £0 3s 1d 1 piece of red silk, £2 10s 6d 1 shirt, 2 pillowcases and 3 pair of stockings, £0 12s 0d 3 checked shirts, 4 towels and 1 handkerchief, £0 11s 0d 1 piece of flowered silk, £4 2s 0d 1 piece Bengal ditto, £1 4s 0d 1 piece ditto, £0 4s 0d 2 pewter bowls, £0 1s 0d 1 remnant blue silk, £0 14s 8d 1 pattern piece, £0 8s 0d 7 pair of stockings, 1 silk handkerchief and 1 towel, £1 10s 0d 2 pieces of Patna chintz, £0 16s 0d 2 pieces of Madras ditto, £1 5s 0d 2 pieces ditto, £1 16s 0d 2 pieces ditto, £1 16s 0d Carried over, £104 19s 6d Interpretations The remnants of Bombay silk, China silk, Bengal taffety and Patna and Madras chintz, sold alongside quires of paper and worn household linen, show a private trading stock built up piece by piece from years in the eastern trade, the kind of assorted textile hoard a Company servant accumulated for resale or gift rather than for his own wear. The sheer volume of shirts, drawers, stockings and caps counted individually and in small lots suggests an estate sale working through a single man's personal wardrobe article by article, a pattern typical of an auction where buyers might want no more than one or two items rather than a whole outfit.
239		236	Brought Over£ 104. 19. 6 1 Pr Coarse long Cloth 2. - 1 Pr Do£ 2. 3. - 1 Pr Do£ 2. 5 1 Pr Do£ 2. 5 1 Pr Do 2. 5. 6 ½ Pr Do 2. 10 1 Pr fine long Cloth 1. 8. - 1 Pr Do 6. 1. - 1 Pr Do 6. 1 1 Handkerchief wth Spice & a Pr Black silk Stockgs£ 5. 5 3 Rasors & a hone 16. 6 9 Doz Silver Coat Buttons 5. 8 a Parcell of Mohair Buttons 1. 6. 8 5 Doz Gold Breast Do 3 1 Quilt 1. 6 1 Gun Screw ¾ 1 Double Silver Twist & Steezing£ 12 1 Large Chest 4. 16£ 1 Pr Silver Shoe & Knee Buckles 1. 5 1 Silver Hetled Sword 2. -£ 3 Nigro Pr Box 1. 6. 6 1 Pr Candlesticks & Snuffers 2. - 19 Silk Handkerchiefs & 1 Cotton 2. 6 a Small Pr Benjamin 6. 6 1 Tea Kettle 2 3 Guglets 1. 8 1 Box wth Pipes£ 2. 5 1 Parcell of Rattans£ 1. 6 2 Small Parcell pepper 6 1 Sadle & Hetty Saul 1. 4. 13 6 Cains 3 1 Large Chest 13 1 Mahdyy Frame 2. 13. 6 1 Hand Escrutore£ 1. 1£ 1 Carboy wth Red Cape Wine 1. 19 19 Bottles Red Cape Do 1. 2. 6 24 Do Arrack 1. 16 13 do a Pint Do 1. 16 2 Doz Maderia Wine 1. 16 2 do do 1. 18 2 doz do 1. 18£ Carrd Over£ 170. -. 6	Brought over, £104 19s 6d 1 piece coarse long cloth, £2 0s 0d 1 piece ditto, £2 3s 0d 1 piece ditto, £2 3s 0d 1 piece ditto, £2 5s 0d 1 piece ditto, £2 5s 0d 1 piece ditto, £2 6s 6d ½ piece ditto, £2 10s 0d 1 piece fine long cloth, £1 8s 0d 1 piece ditto, £6 1s 0d 1 piece ditto, £6 1s 0d 1 piece ditto, £5 5s 0d 1 handkerchief with spice and 1 pair of black silk stockings, £0 16s 6d 3 razors and 1 hone, £0 5s 8d 9 dozen silver coat buttons, £1 0s 6d a parcel of mohair buttons, £0 6s 8d 5 dozen gold breast ditto, £0 3s 0d 1 quilt, £1 6s 0d 1 gun screw, [...] 1 double silver twist and stiffening, £12 0s 0d 1 large chest, £4 16s 0d 1 pair silver shoe and knee buckles, £1 5s 0d 1 silver-hilted sword, £2 0s 0d 3 nigger [head] boxes, £1 6s 6d 1 pair candlesticks and snuffers, £2 0s 0d 19 silk handkerchiefs and 1 cotton, £0 2s 0d 2 small [...] Benjamin, £0 6s 6d 1 tea kettle, £0 2s 0d 3 gugglets, £1 8s 0d 1 box with pipes, £0 1s 8d 1 parcel of rattans, £0 2s 5d 2 small parcels of pepper, £0 1s 6d 1 saddle and cotton saul, £1 4s 0d 6 canes, £1 13s 0d 1 large chest, £0 3s 0d 1 mahogany case, £1 13s 6d 1 hand escritoire, £2 13s 6d 1 carboy with red Cape wine, £1 19s 0d 19 bottles red Cape ditto, £1 2s 6d 24 ditto arrack, £1 16s 6d 13 ditto and 1 pint ditto, £1 16s 6d 2 dozen Madeira wine, £1 16s 0d 2 ditto ditto, £1 18s 0d 2 dozen ditto, £1 18s 0d Carried over, £170 6s 0d Interpretations The double silver twist and stiffening at £12 0s 0d and the silver-hilted sword at £2 0s 0d were among the costliest single items in the whole inventory, marking the sale as clearing not merely clothing and linen but the trappings of a gentleman's dress proper to a man who had held office at Fort Marlborough and sat as a member of council there. The run of wine and spirits closing this page, Cape wine, arrack and Madeira bought by the dozen bottles, reflects the standing stock a household of any substance kept against the shipping season, when commanders and passengers were regularly entertained and a bare cupboard would have reflected badly on the dead man's estate as much as on his executors.
240		237	Brought Over£ 170. -. 6 1 Pr Horns 2. 6 13 Bottles Maderia Wine 1. 5. - 6 Do Fowck Wine 1£ 10 Do Arack 16. 6 16 Do do 1. 13. 6 1 Cask Containing 30 galls at 7d£ 10. 10 1 Do 35 [...] 3/6£ 9. 12. 8 1 Tub with a Lock 1. 1£ 1 Black Man£ 24. 5£ 6 Knives & forks 6£ 8. 6 £ 220. 16. 7½ G G Powell Esqr & Wm Watt Burling Requested they might Pay into ye Honble Company Treasury for Accot of the Decd Mr Coles the Sum of £124. 17. 4½ &£ Receive Bills of Exchange for ye like Sum Payable to£ them Ord in England Granted and We Recd the Sum of £124. 17. 4½ into ye Treasury & gave Bills Accordingly of this date Mr Joshua Twynam Secry Requested he might Pay in to ye Hon Company Treasury the Sum of £244 10. 2½ & Receive Bills of Exchange for ye like Sum Payable to his Order in England Granted and we Recd ye Sum of 244. 10. 2½£ into the Hon Company Cash & gave Bills Accordingly of this Date Messrs James Powell & Saml Doveton Whome we Orderd as pr Consultation of 25th August 1743 to take a Particular Care and make Sale at Publick Auction ye Effects of Jona Higham decd who Died Intestate & Indebted to ye£ Hon Company this Day brought in the Accot Sale thereof Vizt Account Sales of the Effects of Jona Higham Decd sold at Publick Auction & Order of Council Vizt	Brought over, £170 6s 0d 1 pair of horns, [...] 15 bottles Madeira wine, £2 6s 0d 6 ditto French wine, £1 5s 0d 10 ditto arrack, £1 [...] 16 ditto ditto, £1 16s 6d 1 cask containing 30 gallons at 7d, £1 13s 6d 1 ditto, 35 gallons at 3s 6d, £10 10s 0d 1 tub with a lock, £9 12s 8d 1 black man, £24 5s 0d 6 knives and forks, £0 8s 6d £220 16s 7½d George Gabriel Powell and Matthew Purling asked to pay into the Honourable Company's treasury, on account of the late William Coles, the sum of £124 17s 4½d, and to receive bills of exchange for the like sum payable to them or their order in England. The council granted it, received the sum into the treasury and gave bills accordingly of that date. Joshua Twynam, secretary, asked to pay into the Honourable Company's treasury the sum of £244 10s 2¼d and to receive bills of exchange for the like sum payable to his order in England. The council granted it, received the sum into the Company's cash and gave bills accordingly of that date. James Powell and Samuel Doveton, whom the council had ordered at the consultation of 25 August 1743 to take particular care and to make sale at public auction of the effects of the late Jonathan Higham, who had died intestate and indebted to the Honourable Company, brought in that day the account of the sale. Account of the sale of the effects of the late Jonathan Higham, sold at public auction by order of council, viz: Interpretations The sale of "1 black man" for £24 5s 0d, entered on the same line and in the same plain hand as horns, wine casks and cutlery, shows a slave counted as ordinary chattel property within a private estate's effects, disposed of at auction alongside household goods rather than treated as a person requiring any separate process. Powell and Twynam's payments into the treasury in exchange for bills of exchange payable in England reflect the island's standing shortage of specie: rather than carrying coin home, a departing or remitting officer paid local currency into the Company's cash on St Helena and drew instead on the Company's credit in London, the treasury functioning as a local bank for its own servants' remittances.
241		238	2 Wool Beads 3. 6 1 Small Box 5. 6 1 Clasp Cot£ 3 1 Small Sqr table£ 2. 6 5 Old wooden Chairs 1. 3 1 Large Sqr Table 2. 1 1 Ironing Suffud 6. 3 1 Corner Cubbard£ 1. 8 1 Brass Skimmer & Ladle 7. 6 1 Earthen Jarr [...] 1 Iron Pott 5. 6 1 Do do [...] 1 Do do [...] 1 Large & Small frying Pan 6. 9. 1 1 Salt Box [...] 1 [...] Chamber Pott 2. 3 1 Cow 4. 5 1 Slave Boy Named Pompy 10 A Parcel of Stone Cotton Tolls 10 2 Old Chints quilts 6. 6 1 Small Sqr Wainscot table 7 4 Acres Lease Land & House thereon£ 10. 7. 1 5 Pewter Dishes 10 8 Old Knives & 3 forks 2. 6 1 Stone Mortr 2 1 Slave Girl Named Franc 10 1 Tea Table 1. 8£ 9 Pewtr Plaites 5 1 Cauboy 5 1 Spitt 5. 3 2 Pott Hangers 1. 6£ 1 Small Grindstone 1. 6£ 2 pr Pott Hooks [...] A Parcel Plantation tools 7 1 Lathe 2£ 9 Goats at 3/6 pr£ 1. 11. 6 1 Slave girl Named Pott 10. 15£ 1 feather Bed 2 do Bolsters & a do Pillow£ 1. 15 2 Iron Chest 10. 6£ 1 Old Loom£ [...] 3 Wool tufts 1. 10£ 2 [...] & Forks 4. 3£ 1 Pr Old Bellows £ Carrd Over£ 49. 13. 8	2 wool cards, £0 3s 6d 1 small box, £0 5s 6d 1 clasp coat, £0 3s 0d 1 small square table, £0 2s 6d 5 old wooden chairs, £0 1s 3d 1 large square table, £0 2s 1d 1 morning gown, £0 6s 3d 1 corner cupboard, £0 1s 8d 1 brass skimmer and ladle, £0 7s 6d 1 earthen jar, [...] 1 iron pot, £0 5s 6d 1 ditto ditto, [...] 1 ditto ditto, [...] 1 large and small frying pan, £0 6s 9d 1 salt box, £0 1s 1d 1 iron chamber pot, £0 2s 3d 1 cow, £4 5s 0d 1 slave boy named Pompey, £10 0s 0d A parcel of stone cutting tools, £0 10s 0d 2 old chintz quilts, £0 6s 6d 1 small square wainscot table, £0 7s 0d 4 acres lease of land and house thereon, £10 1s 0d 5 pewter dishes, £0 10s 0d 8 old knives and 3 forks, £0 2s 6d 1 stone mortar, £0 2s 0d 1 slave girl named Frances, £10 0s 0d 1 tea table, £0 1s 8d 9 pewter plates, £0 5s 0d 1 [...] boy, £0 5s 0d 1 spit, £0 5s 3d 2 hangers, £0 1s 7d 1 grindstone, £0 1s 6d 2 pot hooks, £0 2s 0d A parcel of plantation tools, £0 7s 0d 1 lathe, £0 2s 0d 9 goats at 3s 6d each, £1 11s 6d 1 slave girl named Bett, £10 15s 0d 1 feather bed, 2 bolsters and 1 pillow, £1 15s 0d 1 iron chest, £1 0s 6d 1 old firearm, [...] 3 wash tubs, [...] 2 knives and forks, [...] 1 old bellows, [...] Carried over, £49 13s 8d Interpretations The three slaves entered here, Pompey, Frances and Bett, each valued at £10 or above and listed line by line among cows, tables and tea things, were sold as part of an ordinary household clearance rather than singled out for any distinct process, their prices sitting well above most of the furniture and tools around them and marking them as the estate's most valuable movable property after the land itself. The four-acre leasehold with its house, valued at £10 1s 0d, brought roughly the same price as a single slave, a comparison that reflects how modest most inhabitants' landholdings were on an island where land was granted rather than freely bought and where a slave represented a comparable, and readily saleable, unit of capital.
242		239	Brought Over£ 49. 13. 8 32000 Yams & Jackes 3. 2. - 2 Old firr Chests 6. 2 1 Do Iron Yam Pott£ 2 2 two qt bottles 7. - 1 Vale 2. 3. 5 1 Ewe Sheep 1. 2. - 1 Feathr Bed & a Do Bolster 1. 14 1 Slit Chinck Curtains & Bed£ 7. 2 a a Empty Case 7. 6. 1 1 Old Sled Ended£ 3. 2. 1 1 Do do 2. 1. 6 2 Old Wash Tubs 1. 6. 1 1 Box Iron & Heater 5. 1 2 Pewter Basons 6 1 Tea Kettle 13. 7 1 Small Do£ 7. 3 1 Powdering Tub 1. 2. 6 1 Sow & Piggs 5 2 Old Books 5. 6 1 Stone Mortr 2 1 Large Grindstone£ 1. 19. 6 1 Chest with Draws - 1 Old Red Sled Ended £ £ 65. -. 8 We Recd the Amount of the Sale & made up this Accot as followes Vizt As pr Account Currt of Jona Higham Decd To ye Hono Company£ 21. 12. 3 To Storekeeper for smth Charges£ 3. 2. 9 By Accot Sales of his£ Effects£ 65. -. 8 Balle Paid in Part£ of his debt due to ye Estate of John Goodwin Due 40. 15. 8 £ 65. -. 8 G G Powell John Godfrey Robt Wright	Brought over, £49 13s 8d 32,000 yams and suckers, £3 2s 8d 2 old fir chests, £0 2s 0d 1 iron yam pot, £0 6s 2d 2 [...] bottles, £0 2s 0d 1 vice, £0 7s 0d 1 ewe sheep, £0 2s 3d 1 feather bed and 2 bolsters, £1 14s 0d 1 set church curtains and bed, £1 [...] 1 empty [...], £0 7s 2d 1 old sled, cradle, £0 6s 1d 1 ditto ditto, £0 3s 1d 2 old wash tubs, £0 2s 6d 1 box iron and heater, £0 5s 1d 2 pewter basins, £0 6s 0d 1 tea kettle, £1 3s 7d 1 small ditto, £0 4s 3d 1 powdering tub, £0 1s 3d 1 sow and pigs, £1 2s 6d 2 old books, £0 5s 6d 1 stone mortar, £0 3s 6d 1 large grindstone, [...] 1 clock, £2 1s 6d 1 chest with drawers, £1 4s 6d 1 old red sled, cradle, [...] £65 4s 8d We received the amount of the sale and made up this account, as follows, viz: As per account current with the estate of Jonathan Higham, deceased: To the Honourable Company, £21 12s 5d To the storekeeper for sundry charges, £3 2s 9d Balance paid in part of his debt due the estate of John Goodwin, £40 15s 8d £65 8s 0d By account sales of his effects, £65 8s 0d Signed, George Gabriel Powell, John Godfrey, Robert Wright. Interpretations The balance of £40 15s 8d applied to Higham's debt to the estate of the late John Goodwin, rather than paid to any surviving relation, follows directly from the record that Higham died intestate and indebted to the Company: an estate with no heir on the island and no will to direct otherwise had its proceeds absorbed first into settling what the dead man owed, the Company's and a fellow inhabitant's claims taking precedence over any distribution the man himself might have wished. The 32,000 yams and suckers sold as part of household effects show that even a modest estate's provision ground counted among its saleable assets, the standing crop in the field valued and disposed of at auction exactly as the furniture and livestock were.
243		240	At a Consultation Held on Tuesday 4th Feby 1743 4 at the Castle Present G G Powell Esqr Govr John Godfrey 2d Council Robt Wright 3d of Council The last Consultation was Read & approved The Storekr this day brought in his Collections for ye 2d qtr Ending 31st Decr 1743 which was Examind & is as followes Vizt£ Collection of Goods Sold and Delivered out of the Honble Companies Store from the 1st October to the 31st Decr 1743 Vizt£ Arrack 104 Gallons L. 93. 11. 9 Boardy 89 Gallons 31. 3 Sugar & Candy Vizt£ pr Do 4b3. 6 Sugar 49. 17. - 1.3.7 Candy 7. 12. 5 57. 9. 3 Bread & Flower Vizt£ 35lb 27 Bread 50. -. - 13. 2. 11 Flowr 21. 16. 9 71. 17. 6 Soap 176lb 8. 16. 9 Candles 31½lb 6. 8. 9 Vinegar 3½ Gallons 10. 6 Salt 1¾ Bushells 15. 5½ Tea 110 Cotton£ 16. 10 Oyle Vizt 4. 3¾ Gallons Train£ 11. 19. 9 16½ Gallons Linseed£ 5. 8. 4 3 Bottles Florence£ 11. 3 17. 13. 4 Shallowns 61¾ Yards£ 8. 4. 8 Challow 63½ Yards£ 42. 17. 6 Cutlerywares Vizt£ 22 Butches Buckhandle Knives 11 44 Do Horn ditto 17. 9 1 Wood Handle Do£ 2. 4 3 Shoe Knives 1. 11. 7 £ 267. 9. [...] Carrd Over£	At a consultation held on Tuesday 7 February 1744 at the castle. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Governor, John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The previous consultation was read and approved. The storekeeper that day brought in his collections for the quarter ending 31 December 1743, which the council examined, as follows, viz: Collection of goods sold and delivered out of the Honourable Company's stores from 1 October to 31 December 1743, viz: Arrack, 104 gallons, £23 11s 9d Brandy, 89 gallons, £31 3s 0d Sugar and candy, viz: 49 lb 3 [...] sugar, £49 17s 7d 15 [...] 7 candy, £7 12s 5d [total] £57 9s 3d Bread and flour, viz: 36 [...] 27 bread, £50 0s 0d 15 [...] 2 [...] 11 flour, £21 16s 9d [total] £71 17s 6d Soap, 176 lb, £8 16s 9d Candles, 31½ lb, £6 8s 9d Vinegar, 3½ gallons, £0 10s 6d Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 15s 5½d Tea, 110 catties, £16 10s 0d Oil, viz: 4 [...] 6¾ gallons train, £11 19s 9d 16½ gallons linseed, £5 8s 4d 3 bottles Florence, £0 11s 3d [total] £17 13s 4d Shalloons, 63¾ yards, £8 4s 8d Challow, 63½ pieces, £42 17s 6d Cutlery ware, viz: 22 buckhandle butchers' knives, £1 1s [...] 44½ dozen horn ditto, £17 1s 9d 1 wood-handle ditto, £2 4s [...] 3 shoe knives, £1 11s 7d £267 9s [...] Carried over Interpretations Challow, at 63½ pieces bringing in £42 17s 6d, was a plain cotton cloth from the Coromandel coast, one of the coarser Indian textiles the storekeeper issued in bulk to soldiers and slaves rather than sold as a luxury; its value here, close to that of the entire bread and flour account, shows how much of the quarter's trade turned on cheap imported cloth rather than on provisions. The volume of arrack and brandy sold in a single quarter, 104 and 89 gallons respectively, reflects the presence of shipping in the road through October to December 1743, when the Grantham, the Neptune and other vessels lay at anchor and their companies, along with the garrison, drew heavily on the Company's stores.
244		241	Brought Over£ 267. 9. -¾ Hooks & Lines Vizt 34 dozen Hooks£ 1. 10. 4½ 8 dozn Lines 3. 11 7¼ Blue Jerks£ 7. 6 5. 11. 10½ Nailes Vizt£ 57lb Spike Nailes 11. 8 25 : do 10 124 : 4d£ 5. 2. - 37 : 3d£ 10. 6 44½ : 2d£ 1. 9. 8 40 : 10d£ 1. 8. 5 19 : 8d£ 2. 5. 6 98 : 6d£ 12. - 16lb Suppn Nailes [...] 11. 11. 7 Ironware Vizt£ 3 Till Locks 10. 6 4 Pad Locks£ 18. - 12 Ironmble Locks£ 2. 18. 4 2 Box Locks with Brass plates£ 9. - 4 Shod Shovells 9 1 Iron Shovell 4. 9 7 Small Gimblets£ 1. 7½ 2 Large Do 8 2 Tomills£ 10. - 2 Brass Locks 3. 18. - 1 Lifting Jax£ 4 12 Pott Rope handles£ 4. 2. 6 3 Hammers£ 6 1 Chissel 1. 7 2 Frying Pans 12. - 8. -. 7½ Combs Vizt£ 4 Ivory£ 5. 4 7 Buckling 2. 11 8. 5 Corks pr ½ Grose 1. 15. 9 1. 15. 9 Broad Cloth 12 Yards 12. - Haberdasheryware Vizt 20 Skaines of Mohair£ 7. 8 34 Do of Silk£ 17. - 1 Dozn of Breast Buttons 1. 6 12 Dozn Cast 2£ 1 Do of Tay tape 7½ 500 Pins£ [...] Carrd Over£ 1. 7. 3¾. 306. 13. 1¾	Brought over, £267 9s [...] Hooks and lines, viz 34 dozen 7 hooks, £1 10s 4½d 8 dozen 9 lines, £3 11s 0d 7½ lb blue thread, £0 7s 6d £5 11s 10½d Nails, viz 5 [...] spike nails, £0 11s 8d 25 [...], £0 11s 0d 124 [...] 40, £5 2s 0d 37 [...] 36, £1 10s 6d 44½ [...] 8, £1 9s 8d 40 [...] 16, £1 7s 8d 19 [...] 8, £2 5s 6d 98 [...] brads, £2 5s 6d 16 [...] scupper nails, £0 12s 0d £11 11s 7d Ironmongery ware, viz 3 till locks, £0 10s 6d 4 pad locks, £0 18s 4d 12 iron cupboard locks, £2 18s 4d 2 box locks with brass plates, £0 10s 9d 4 shod shovels, £0 4s 9d 1 iron shovel, £1 7s 3d 7 small gimlets, £0 10s 6d 2 large ditto, £3 18s 0d 2 files, £4 2s 6d 2 brass locks, £3 6s 7d 1 tobacco box, £0 12s 0d 12 pistol rope handles, £0 4s 9d 3 hammers, £1 7s 3d 1 chisel, £0 10s 6d 2 frying pans, [...] £8 0s 7¾d Combs, viz 4 ivory, £0 5s 4d 7 buckling, £0 2s 11d £8 8s 3d Corks, 7½ gross, £1 13s 9d £1 13s 9d Broad cloth, 12 yards, £12 0s 0d Haberdashery ware, viz 20 skeins of mohair, £1 7s 8d 34 ditto of silk, £1 7s 0d 1 dozen breast buttons, £0 1s 6d 12 dozen coat ditto, £0 1s 2d 1 [...] of stay tape, £0 7½d 500 pins, [...] Carried over, £306 15s 1¾d Interpretations The heavy purchase of locks, till locks, pad locks, cupboard locks and brass locks among them, alongside hammers, gimlets and files, reflects an island where security for stores and household goods had to be built up from imported ironmongery rather than made locally, St Helena having no ironworking trade of its own beyond the Company's own smith. The broad cloth at 12 yards for £12 0s 0d stands out as the single costliest line on the page, a fine woollen cloth reserved for better coats rather than everyday wear, its price alone equalling nearly the whole ironmongery account beneath it.
245		242	Brought Over£ 1. 7. 3¾. 306. 15. 1¾ 15 Yards of Persett 6. 3 66 Yards of Girding 10. 6 7 Pieces of Bobing£ 3. 6 1 Pcs of Yellow tape 9 4 Pcs of Broad Do£ 4. 4 13 of Neettles£ 13. - 1 Pcs of Carnation tape 9 3. 14. 6½ Says at 1 Yard 2. 9 Perpns 198½ yards£ 19. 7. 4½ Paint Vizt 40 oz Justico 6. 8 34lb White Lead£ 1. 2. 6 20lb Red Lead£ 5 1 Brimstone£ 5 10lb Red Oakr£ 5. 4 4lb Yellow Oaker£ 1. 4 10lb Whiting 3 2. 4. 3 Canvas Vizt 5 pcs 10½ Yards English£ 18. 7. 4 4 yds Ticking£ 4. 4 18. 11. 11 Duck Vizt 2 Botts English Sail Cloth 6. 9. 4 1½ yds Russia£ 1. 3. 4 7. 12. 8 Flannell 12½ yds£ 1. 10 Justian 6 yd£ 11. 5. 6 Cloper 2lb£ 2£ Thread Vizt£ 2lb White & Brown£ 16. 6 7 oz of Green 11. 6 10 oz Colowrd£ 1. 16. - 3. 4. 9 Turnersware Vizt 1 Skimming Dish 4. 10 2 Strewing Do 10. 9 1 Cloth Brush 2. 6 1 Scrubing Do£ 9 3 Hair Broome 5. 6 6 Sweet Brushes 1. 10 10 Mopps 1. 10 2 Fowles 11. 14. 10 1 Pr Vatter£ 373. 16. 6½ Carrd Over£	Brought over, £306 15s 1¾d 15 yards of ferret, £1 7s 3½d 66 yards of garting, £0 6s 3d 7 pieces of binding, £0 16s 6d 1 gross of yellow tape, £0 3s 6d 4 gross of broad ditto, £0 3s 9d 15 gross of narrow ditto, £0 4s 4d 1 yard of carnation tape, £0 13s 0d £3 14s 6½d Sagathy, 1 yard, £0 2s 9d Norwich stuff, 198½ yards, £19 7s 4½d Paint, viz 40 oz Prussian blue, £0 6s 8d 34 lb white lead, £1 2s 6d 20 lb red lead, £0 3s 5d 1 lb brimstone, £0 5s 5d 10 lb red ochre, £0 5s 4d 4 lb yellow ochre, £0 1s 4d 10 lb whiting, £0 3s 0d £2 4s 3d Canvas, viz 5 [...] 10½ yards English, £18 7s 4d 4 yards Russia, £0 4s 4d £18 11s 11d Duck, viz 2 bolts English sailcloth, £6 9s 4d 14 yards Russia, £1 3s 4d £7 12s 8d Flannel, 12½ yards, £1 0s 10d Fustian, 6 yards, £11 5s 6d Camphor, 2 lb, £0 2s 0d Thread, viz 2 lb whited brown, £0 16s 6d 7 oz of blue, £0 11s 6d 10 lb coloured, £1 16s 9d £3 4s 9d Turnery ware, viz 1 skimming dish, £0 4s 10d 2 shaving ditto, £0 9d 1 cloth brush, £1 9d 1 scrubbing ditto, £2 6s 9d 3 sand boxes, £5 9s 6d 6 pewter brushes, £1 10d 10 mugs, £1 14s 10d 2 bowls, [...] 1 platter, [...] £373 16s 6¾d Interpretations The 198½ yards of Norwich stuff, costing £19 7s 4½d, was the general name for the worsted cloths woven at Norwich, a city whose textile trade supplied much of England's demand for lighter woollens; its bulk purchase here, alongside sagathy, another Norwich fabric, shows the storekeeper laying in cloth to clothe the garrison and slaves through the coming winter months. The paint account, running through Prussian blue, white and red lead, red and yellow ochre and whiting, supplied the pigments used both for household decoration and for the ironwork of the fortifications and guns, red and white lead in particular serving as a rust primer on metal exposed to the island's salt air.
246		243	Brought Over£ 373. 16. 6½ Chinaware Vizt£ 53 Noggings & Cups 9. 2 2 Small do£ 1. 6 2 Tea Potts 11 Blankets Vizt£ 2 Ordinary£ 17. 8 1 fine£ 11. 2 Leather 20¾£ 1. 4. 2¾ Pewter 1 Close Stoolpan 8. 3 Cordage Vizt£ 51 : 3 : 11 Cordage 135. 10. 2 1 Cable wt 70. 0. 12 136. 17. 8½ 270. 7. 10¾ Iron Potts 2 Small 3. 7. 6 Desecties 5 Do£ Tallow soap Vizt 7 @ 6½ 2. 6. 6£ 1 @ 6½ 6 2. 11. 6 Muscelling 3 Piece 4. 5 Long Cloth 4 Do£ 3. 12£ Beef 1lb£ 4. 6£ Rice 125lb£ 1. 2. 6 Casseware Vizt£ 2¼ Sqr Glass 8 by 8 9. 6 7 Do Do 9 by 10 1. 6 1 Pur Do 10. 8 16 Wine Do 1. 6. 4 Twine Vizt£ 21½ twine 2. 6. 4 29 Sholthread£ 2. 7. 2 22 Packthread£ 2. -. 4 6. 13. 10 Tinware Vizt 3 Puddingpan 8 Starch 1lb 9 Pitch & Tarr Vizt£ 130lb Pitch 1. 7. 6 8 Barrells do£ 14. 14. 8 Do Tarr 17. 18. 9 18 Turpentine 24. 15. 5 28lb Rosin£ £ 708. 10. 2 Carrd Over	Brought over, £373 16s 6¾d Chinaware, viz 55 nappings of cups, £0 9s 2d 2 small ditto, £0 1s 4d 2 tea pots, £0 1s 6d £0 11s 0d Blankets, viz 2 ordinary, £11 6s 8d 1 fine, £1 13s 8d £1 11s 2d Leather, 20¾ [...], £1 4s 2½d Pewter, 1 close stool pan, £0 8s 3d Cordage, viz 51 [...] 5s 11d cordage, £133 10s 2d 1 cable weighing 70 lb at [...], £136 17s 8¾d £270 7s 10½d Iron pots, 2 small, £3 7s 6d Deesooties, 5 [...], [...] Sallampores, viz 7 @ 6s 6d, £2 5s 6d 1 @ 6s, £0 6s 0d £2 11s 6d Muslin, 5 pieces, £4 5s 0d Long cloth, 4 ditto, £5 12s 0d Beef, 1 [...], £4 6s 0d Rice, 125 lb, £1 2s 6d Glassware, viz 27 square glass @ 8, £0 9s 3d 7 square ditto, 8 by 10, £0 5s 3d 1 beer ditto, £0 1s 5d 16 wine ditto, £0 10s 8d £1 6s 4d Twine, viz 21½ [...] twine, £2 6s 7d 29 [...] shoe thread, £2 7s ½d 22 [...] packthread, £2 0s 4d £6 13s 11½d Tinware, viz 3 pudding pans, £6 9s 8d Starch, 1 [...], [...] Pitch and tar, viz 150 [...] pitch, £1 17s 6d 8 barrels ditto, £14 14s 8d [...] ditto tar, £17 16s 9d [...] turpentine, [...] 28 [...] rosin, £34 15s 6d £708 10s 2d Carried over Interpretations The single cable weighing 70 lb, valued at £136 17s 8¾d, cost nearly as much on its own as the whole run of chinaware, blankets, pewter and iron pots combined, a reminder that a ship's ground tackle represented one of the largest single outlays any vessel or garrison could make, rope and cable being irreplaceable on an island with no rope walk of its own. The pitch, tar, turpentine and rosin closing this page were naval stores proper, the standing materials for caulking seams and preserving rigging against salt and weather, and their combined cost here shows how much of the storekeeper's outlay in any quarter went not to provisioning people but to keeping the shipping itself seaworthy.
247		244	Brought Over£ 708. 10. 2 Deals Vizt£ 118 Double£ 23. 12. - 3 Dabtouls qtr 101 ft£ 8. 8. 4 32. -. 4 Lead 3lb£ 9. 8. 10 Gold Buttons ¾ & Silver twist 7. 4 Lanthorn Loaves 11 dozen£ 1. 3. 10 Anchors 1 wt 28 . 21 63. 5. 5½ Cordes 18 Bushells 2 . 7. - Calavances 26 Bushells 3. 6 Shoes Vizt£ 25 Pair of Best Mens 9. 1. 3 290 pr Ordinary£ 89. 8. 4 14 pr of Boyes 3. 17. 6 6 pr Girles 18. 6 6 pr Womens£ 1. 5 104. 10. 1 Shirts Vizt£ 26 Dungrie£ 3. 2. 6 44 fine 6. 19. 4 10. 1. 10 Brazierware Vizt£ 1 Copper Boyling Pott 1. 15. - 2 Copper Saucepans 1. 7. 1 3. 2. 4 Soldiers Cloths Vizt£ 14 pr Stockings£ 2. 12. 6 6 Continentl Coates 7. 10 10. 2. 6 Totall Sold£ 947. 4. 8½ Soldiers Diet Do to Beef & Pork for Vizt 19½ lb Pork£ 237. 18£ 9 lb Beef£ 171. - 408. 18. - Charges General for the Month of Octr Novr & Decr 1743£ Deals Vizt£ 43 Double£ 5. 4. 8£ 1 Inch Wainscott board£ 14 ½ Inch Do£ 2. 4 5. 11. - £ 5. 11 Carrd Over	Brought over, £708 10s 2d Deals, viz 118 double, £23 12s 0d 3 dark planks of 101 feet, £8 8s 4d £32 0s 4d Lead, 3 cwt, £9 8s 10d Gold buttons and silver twist, £7 4s 0d Lanthorn leaves, 4 dozen, £1 3s 10d Anchor, 1 [...] 28 [...] 27, £63 5s 5½d Corks, 18 bushels, £2 7s 0d Calavances, 26 bushels, £3 6s 0d Shoes, viz 25 pair of best men's, £9 1s 3d 290 pair ordinary, £89 8s 4d 14 pair of boys, £3 17s 6d 6 pair of girls, [...] 6 pair of women, £1 5s 0d £104 10s 1d Shirts, viz 26 dungaree, £3 2s 6d 44 fine, £6 19s 4d £10 1s 10d Braziers' ware, viz 1 copper boiling pot, £1 15s 0d 2 copper saucepans, £1 7s 1d £3 2s 4d Soldiers' clothing, viz 17 pair stockings, £2 12s 6d 6 sentinels' coats, £7 10s 0d £10 2s 6d Total sold, £947 4s 8½d Soldiers' diet owed beef and pork for [...], viz: 19½ cwt pork, £237 18s 0d 9 cwt beef, £191 0s 0d £408 18s 0d Charges general for the month of October, November and December 1743: Deals, viz 43 double, £5 4s 8d 1 inch wainscot board, £0 14s 0d 1½ inch ditto, £2 4s 0d £5 14s 0d £5 11s [...] Carried over Interpretations The heavy purchase of ordinary shoes, 290 pairs against only 25 of the best sort, reflects an establishment clothing its garrison and slaves for durability rather than appearance, the great majority of the account's £104 10s 1d falling on the cheapest grade. Calavances, a coarse pulse akin to a dried pea or bean, were imported from India as a cheap protein alongside rice to feed the slave establishment and the garrison, appearing regularly in the storekeeper's accounts wherever bulk provisioning rather than the officers' own table is at issue.
248		245	Brought Over£ 5. 11 Nailes Vizt 14lb 10d£ 6. 4£ ½ lb 6d£ 10 4 Copper Rivets 1. 10 10 : 20d Nailes 2. 11 20 : 40d do£ 5. 10 17. 9. 6 Ironware Vizt 1 Chest Lock£ 3. 10 2 Ironmble Locks£ 14. 4 1 ditto£ 2. 6 1 Padlock£ 11 1 Chissel 2. 8 2 Butt Rope Needles£ 12. 1 2 Stock Locks 2. 4. 10¾ Chinaware Vizt 48 Noggings Cups£ 3. -. 9 12 Small do£ 1. -£ 1 Sett Dishes & Plates Colr & Gold£ 13. 4 1 Tea Pott£ 1. 17. 1 Haberdasheryware a Yard Scarlet£ ½£ Cartwheels & Barrow Wheels 15. 4 Oyle Vizt£ 7¾ Gallons Train 1. 5. 10 2 Do Linseed£ 8. 10£ 1. 14. 8 Long Cloth 4 Pieces£ 3. 14. 8 Iron Potts 2 Large£ 16 Brazierware Vizt£ 1 Copper Kettle 1. 3. 4 1 Do do£ 18. 2 1 Saucepan 12. 2 2. 13. 8 Glassware Vizt£ 12 Sqr Glass 8 by 10£ 4. 2£ 14 do 6 by 8 2. - 12 Wine Glasses£ 4. - 10. 6 Turnersware Vizt£ 1 Bowl£ 7£ 1 Mop£ 1. 1½ 3 Paint Brushes£ 1£ 2. 8½ £ 20. 16. 5	Brought over, £5 11s [...] Nails, viz 1½ [...] 10, [...] 1½ [...] 5, £0 6s 4d 4 copper rivets, £0 10s [...] 10 [...] 20 nails, £1 10s 0d 20 [...] 40 ditto, £2 11s 0d £5 10s 0d Ironware, viz 1 chest lock, £3 10s 0d 2 press or bolt locks, £14 4s 0d 1 ditto, £2 6s 0d 1 padlock, £2 11s 0d 1 chisel, £0 2s 0d 2 pistol rope needles, £12 1s 0d 2 stock locks, [...] £2 4s 10½d Chinaware, viz 48 nappings of cups, £3 0s 0d 12 small ditto, £0 9s 0d 1 set dishes and plates, coloured and gold, £1 0s 0d 1 tea pot, £0 13s 4d £1 17s 1d Haberdashery ware, 3 yards scarlet Cart wheels and barrow wheels, £0 15s 4d Oil, viz 7¾ gallons train, £1 5s 6d 2 ditto linseed, £0 8s 10d £1 14s 8d Long cloth, 4 pieces, £3 14s 8d Iron pots, 2 large, £0 16s 0d Braziers' ware, viz 1 copper kettle, £1 3s 4d 1 [...], £0 18s 2d 1 saucepan, £0 12s 2d £2 13s 8d Glassware, viz 12 square glass, 8 by 10, £0 4s 2d 14 ditto, 6 by 9, £0 2s 0d 12 wine glasses, £0 4s 0d £0 10s 6d Turnery ware, viz 1 bowl, £0 7s 0d 1 mug, £0 1s 2d 3 paint brushes, £0 1s 0d £20 16s 5d Interpretations The set of dishes and plates coloured and gilt, entered alongside plain nappings and small cups, marks the one item on this page bought for display rather than ordinary use, the kind of table furniture a household kept for entertaining rather than for daily service. The pistol rope needles and stock locks entered under ironware, alongside chisels and padlocks, show the same general store supplying both the mundane hardware of household security and the small fittings of firearms, the Company's warehouse serving every ordinary need of the garrison and inhabitants alike from a single stock.
249		246	Brought Over£ 20. 16. 5 Pitch Vizt£ 56lb Pitch£ 9. 4 2lb Rosin 4£ 9. 8 Candles 4 : 32lb£ 13. -. 10 Paint Vizt£ 14lb Verdigrease 1. 12. 8 20lb White Lead£ 5. 10 20 Whiting£ [...] 2lb Umber£ 7. 6 2lb Red Lead£ 3. 4 1. 19. 1½ Canvas 8 yd English 9. 8 Iron 4 : 2 : 7£ 2. 16. 10½ Corks 2 Gross£ 4. 6 Twine & Packthread 2. 4 Lead 1 : 3 : 7lb for the Swift£ 1. 14. 5½ Totall£ 40. 13. 10½ Diet Expences for the Months Octr Novr & Decr 1743 Vizt Arrack 518¾ Gallons£ 103. 15. - Brandy 30 Gallons£ 5. 17. 6 Sugar & Candy Vizt£ 10 pr Sugar£ 13. 12. 6 1.5.11 Candy£ 3. 1. 1 16. 13. 9 Oyle 32 Bottles Florence£ 4£ Bread & Flower Vizt£ 28. 6 Flower£ 23. 4. 4½ 22lb Bread 3£ 23. 7. 4½ Pepper 10lb£ 5£ Salt 11 Bushells£ 3. 4. 2£ Tea 12lb£ 10 Beef & Pork Vizt£ 1 . 3¾ Puncheons Beef£ 22. 3. 4£ 2 hhd Pork 16. 6. 4£ 38. 8. 8 Totall£ 196. 1. 5½	Brought over, £20 16s 5d Pitch, viz 56 lb pitch, £0 9s 4d 2 [...] rosin, [...] £0 9s 8d Candles, 12½ lb, £0 [...] 10d Paint, viz 14 lb Prussian blue, £1 12s 8d 20 lb white lead, £0 5s 10d 20 lb whiting, [...] 2 lb umber, [...] 2 lb red lead, [...] £1 19s 1½d Canvas, 8 yards English, £0 9s 8d Iron, 4 cwt 2 qr 7 lb, £2 16s 10½d Corks, 2 gross, £0 4s 6d Twine, 2 lb packthread for the swift, £0 2s 4d Lead, 1 pig, 3 cwt 7 lb for the ditto, £1 14s 5¾d Total, £40 13s 10¾d Diet expenses for the months of October, November and December 1743, viz: Arrack, 518¾ gallons, £103 15s 0d Brandy, 30 gallons, £5 17s 6d Sugar and candy, viz 10 [...] sugar, £13 12s 6d 1 [...] 5 [...] 11 candy, £3 1s 1d £16 13s 9d Oil, 32 bottles train, £0 4s 0d Bread and flour, viz 28 [...] 5 flour, £23 4s 4½d 22 lb bread, £0 3s 0d £23 7s 4½d Pepper, 10 lb, £0 5s 0d Salt, 11 bushels, £3 4s 2d Tea, 12 lb, £0 10s 0d Beef and pork, viz 17½ puncheons beef, £22 3s 4d 16 hogsheads pork, £16 6s 4d £38 8s 8d Total, £196 1s 5½d Interpretations The 518¾ gallons of arrack expended on diet across the three months, against only 30 gallons of brandy, shows arrack standing as the ordinary spirit of daily issue to the garrison and slaves, with brandy reserved as the smaller, costlier drink taken in far more modest quantity. The lead and packthread charged expressly for the sloop Swift mark a rare instance in this account of a single vessel's fitting out being drawn separately from the general diet and stores reckoning, the swift's own needs kept distinct even within a return otherwise organised by commodity rather than by recipient.
250		247	Garrison for the Months Octr Novr & Decr 1743 Vizt Tea Do£ 2. 10 galls 43¾ Train Oyle Vizt£ 1 Bottle of Florence£ 7. 4. 2 1 Gallon Linseed£ 2. 6 4. 5£ 7. 11. 1 Glassware Vizt£ 1 half hour Glass£ 6½£ 1 four hour Do£ 3. 4£ 9. 5. 10½ Iron Potts Vizt£ 1 Small 5. -£ 1 of 8 Gallons£ 5. -£ 13. - Bunting Vizt£ 2lb 2 yard Red£ 3. 7. 1£ 4lb White£ 4. 10. - 4lb Blue 4. 17. 6£ 12. 14. 7 Thread 2lb Colourd£ 6£ 4. 4. 6 Canvas 12 yd English 14. 6 Cordage 12lb 14£ Arrack 27 Gallons£ 5. 8 Turnersware Vizt 2 Wood Bowles£ 1. 2£ 2 Platters£ 1. 2£ 6 Paint Brushes£ 2. -£ 4. 4£ Deals 4 Double£ 10. 8£ Limes 2 Damaged£ 2. 8£ Paint 6lb White Lead£ 1. 6½£ Tarr 1 Barrel£ 1. 4. 1 Totall£ 32. 6. 8 Fortification for Stores in Octr Novr & Decr 1743 Vizt Deals Vizt 136 Double 18. 2. 1 4 Spars 2. 17£ 20. 19. 8 Cordage 1lb£ 1. 14. 2 Nailes Vizt 6lb 20d£ 1. 9. 6 18 : 6d£ 7. 6 12 : 30d£ 13. 6 12. 9 Carrd Over£ £ 25. 0. 7	Garrison for the months of October, November and December 1743, viz: Tea, 6 lb, £2 10s 0d Oil, viz 4¾ gallons train, £0 4s 2d 1 bottle Florence, £0 2s 6d 1 gallon linseed, £0 4s 5d £7 11s 1d Glassware, viz 1 half-hour glass, £0 6½d 1 four-hour ditto, £0 3s 4d £9 5s 10½d Iron pots, viz 1 small, £0 5s 3d 1 of 8 gallons, [...] £0 13s 0d Bunting, viz 2 lb 2 yards red, £3 7s 1d 4 lb white, £4 10s 0d 4 lb blue, £4 17s 0d £12 14s 7d Thread, 2 [...] coloured, [...] Canvas, 12 yards English, £0 14s 6d Cordage, 12 lb, £0 1s 4d Arrack, 27 gallons, £5 8s 0d Turnery ware, viz 2 wood bowls, £0 1s 2d 2 platters, £0 1s 2d 6 paint brushes, £0 2s 0d £4 4s 8d Deals, 4 double, £0 10s 8d Limes, 2 [...] damaged, £0 2s 8d Paint, 6 lb white lead, £0 1s 6½d Tar, 1 barrel, £1 4s 1d Total, £32 6s 8d Fortification, for stores in October, November and December 1743, viz: Deals, viz 136 double, £18 2s 1d 4 spars, £2 17s 0d £20 19s 8d Cordage, 1 cwt, £1 14s 2d Nails, viz 6 lb 20 [...], £1 9s 6d 18 [...] 6 [...], £7 3s 6d 19 [...] 30, £13 6s 0d £12 9s 0d Carried over, £25 0s [...] Interpretations The bunting bought in red, white and blue, £12 14s 7d in all, supplied the cloth from which flags and signals were made, the same material charged elsewhere in this record to the making and mending of the colours used to signal alarms and identify shipping in the road. The fortification account's heavy outlay on deals and nails, 136 double deals alone costing over £18, reflects timber and ironwork bought specifically for the works then in hand at Rupert's and Banks's, distinct from the general stores account and kept as its own head so the cost of the defences could be reckoned apart from the island's ordinary housekeeping.
251		248	Brought Over£ 23. 6. 7 Leather 2lb£ 1. 5½£ Barrow Wheels 26£ 4. 6. 8£ Iron Vizt£ 13 Gimblets£ 1. 9¾£ 12 Pickaxe£ 1. 10. 6£ 24 Felloes£ 12. 6£ 1 Fryingpan£ 3. -£ 1 Dozn Shod Shovells£ 17. 3£ 14 pr do£ 1. 16. 2£ 1 Hammer£ 1. 1£ 5. 1. 9½ Bunting Vizt 1lb White 1. 2. 6£ 8½ Yards Blue£ 4. 7½£ 1. 7. 1½ Canvas 9¾ English 9. 6£ Thread 1lb Colourd£ 2. 2£ Iron Potts Vizt£ 2 Large£ 16£ 2 Small 10£ 1. 6£ Oars 42 : 14 ft£ 13. 4£ Totall£ 36. 14. 6½ Blacks for Stores in the Months Octr Novr & Decr 1743 Vizt Kersey 468 Yards£ 26. 16. 6 Desoties Vizt£ 31lb Blue 13£ 5lb Single£ 2. 2. 1 15. 3£ Thread 1lb Colourd£ 1. 10. 4£ Shoes 12 pr Ordinary£ 2. 9. 5£ Blankets 70 Do£ 20. 5. 5£ Turnersware Vizt 37 Bowles£ 1. 1. 7£ 37 Platters£ 1. 1. 7£ 2. 8. 2£ Iron Potts Vizt 6 Small£ 1. 18£ 1 of 8 Gallons 8£ 1. 18 £ 69. 15. 5	Brought over, £25 0s [...] Leather, 2 [...], £1 5½d Barrow wheels, 2, £4 6s 8d Iron, viz 13 gimlets, £1 9s 3½d 12 pickaxes, £1 10s 6d 24 T-hoes, £0 12s 3d 1 frying pan, [...] 1 dozen shod shovels, £1 17s 3d 14 pair ditto, £1 16s 2d 1 hammer, [...] £5 1s 9¾d Bunting, viz 1 lb white, £1 2s 6d 8½ yards blue, £1 4s 7½d £1 7s 1¼d Canvas, 9 yards English, £0 9s 6d Thread, 1 lb coloured, £0 2s 2d Iron pots, viz 2 large, £0 16s 0d 2 small, £0 10s 0d £1 6s 0d Oars, 42, 14 feet, £0 13s 4d Total, £36 14s 6½d Blacks, for stores in the months of October, November and December 1743, viz: Kersey, 468 yards, £26 16s 6d Deesooties, viz 31 lb blue, £15 11s 0d 5 lb single, £2 2s 1d £15 3s 0d Thread, 1 lb coloured, £1 10s 4d Shoes, 12 pair ordinary, £2 4s 5d Blankets, 70 ditto, £20 5s 5d Turnery ware, viz 37 bowls, £1 1s 7d 37 platters, £1 1s 7d £2 8s 2d Iron pots, viz 6 small, £1 10s 0d 1 of 8 gallons, £0 8s 0d £1 18s 0d Total, £64 15s 5d Interpretations The kersey and deesooties bought for the blacks, running to over £41 between them, alongside blankets and shoes issued by the dozen, mark the annual clothing charge for the Company's slave establishment, the same class of coarse woollen and cotton cloth recorded issued at Christmas and midwinter in earlier years of this record to guard against the wet season. The oars, gimlets, pickaxes and shod shovels charged as general stores rather than to any single department reflect the ordinary running repair of boats and tools that fell to no particular head of expenditure, the kind of steady small outlay that never appears dramatic on its own but recurs quarter after quarter throughout this record.
252		249	Brought Over£ 69. 15. 5 Brandy 20 Gallons£ 5. 18. 1£ Tea 4lb£ 3. 4£ Limes 2 Damaged£ 1. 5£ Haberdasheryware 2 Pcs Holland tape£ 1. 3½£ Rice 77lb£ 13. 9. 6£ Beef 1¾ hhd Pork£ 14. 4. 8£ Calavances 26 Bushells£ 2. 6. 8£ Shirts 70 Dungrie£ 6. 8½£ Totall£ 110. 8. 9½ Boats for Stores in Octr Novr & Decr 1743 Vizt£ Nailes ¾lb£ 3½£ Leather 8lb£ 5. 10£ Cordage lb 4 : 5£ 3. 17. 1½£ Hooks & Lines Vizt£ 2 Dozn Lines No1£ 4. 4£ 6 Do Hooks 2. -£ 6. 4£ Totall£ 4. 10. 4½ Plantation for Stores in Octr Novr & Decr 1743 Vizt Iron ware Vizt 2 Fox traps£ 16. 6£ 6lb Sheep shears£ 6. 6£ 1lb Styliards 5. 4½£ 1. 8. 4½£ Iron Potts 1 of 3 Gallons£ 8£ Tea 4lb£ 3. 4£ Tarr 6 Gallons£ 5. 4£ Salt 6lb 25lb£ 1. 13. 4½£ Totall£ 3. 16. 3½ Woolling Manufacture Do for Stores in Octr Novr£ & Decr 1743 Vizt£ Oyle 2 Gallons Rape£ 6. 8£ Nailes 1lb 3 Pitch Vizt 1 pt Pitch£ 2£ 1lb Rozin£ 2£ 4£ Thread 1lb Colourd£ 2. 2£ Deals 1 Inch wainscott Board£ 4£ Totall£ 13. 9	Brought over, £64 15s 5d Brandy, 20 gallons, £5 18s 4d Tea, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d Limes, 2 dozen, £0 1s 5d Haberdashery ware, 2 yards Holland tape, £0 1s 3½d Rice, 77 lb, £0 13s 9d Beef and pork, 1¾ cwt, £0 14s 8d Calavances, 26 bushels, £2 6s 8d Shirts, 70 dungaree, £6 8s 4d Total, £110 8s 9½d Boats, for stores in October, November and December 1743, viz: Nails, ½ cwt, [...] Leather, 8 lb, £0 3s 2d Cordage, 2 cwt 3 qr 5 lb, £0 5s 10d Hooks and lines, viz 2 dozen lines, £0 4s 1d 6 dozen hooks, £0 2s 0d £0 6s 1d Total, £4 19s [...] Plantation, for stores in October, November and December 1743, viz: Ironware, viz 2 T-hoes, £0 16s 6d 6 lb shod iron, £0 6s 6d 1 lb steelyards, £0 5s 4½d £1 8s 4¾d Iron pot, 1 of 3 gallons, £0 8s 0d Tea, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d Oil, 6 gallons, £0 5s 4d Salt, 6 bushels @ 8 [...], £1 13s 4½d Total, £3 16s 3½d Woollen manufacture, ditto, for stores in October, November and December 1743, viz: Oil, 2 gallons, rape, £0 6s 8d Nails, 1 cwt, £0 7s 0d Pitch, viz 1 cwt pitch, £0 2s 0d 1 cwt rosin, £0 4s 0d Thread, 1 lb coloured, £0 2s 2d Deals, 1 inch wainscot board, £0 4s 0d Total, £13 9s 0d Interpretations The plantation's account, running to little more than £3 16s across a full quarter, shows how modest the Company's direct outlay on farming tools and materials remained set against the far heavier sums spent on cloth, drink and naval stores elsewhere in this return, most of the actual labour on the plantations being supplied by slaves already carried on the establishment rather than bought in. Calavances appear here for a second time in the same quarter's accounts, charged separately to the general diet and again to this collection, showing the pulse issued to more than one department at once rather than drawn from a single store reserved to feed the slaves alone.
253		250	Hospitall Do for Stores in Octr Novr & Decr 1743 Vizt£ Bread & Flower Vizt£ 42lb Bread£ 3. -. 2£ 3 Flower£ 3. -. 8£ Sugar 197lb£ 2. 7. 10¾£ Oyle 3 Gallons Train£ 10£ Turnersware Vizt 5 Wood Bowles£ 2. 11£ 1 Platter£ 7£ 3. 6£ Iron ware 2 lb Sacks£ 1. 2£ 1lb Styliards£ 3. 4½£ 9. 6¾£ Blankets 1 Ordinary 5. 9½£ Canvas 2 yds£ 1. 4£ Nailes Vizt ½lb 4d£ 3½£ 1lb 6d£ 5£ 8½£ Rice 78lb£ 2. 5£ Salt ½ Bushell£ 2. 11£ Soap 4lb£ 2. 6£ Totall£ 7. 7. 3½ Robt Wright Storekeeper The Pay Master this Day brought in his Accot of Sundry Payments which was Examind & Provd and as as followes Vizt Account of Blacks Labour Employed at the Fortification at Rupurts Due to the following Persons for the Month of January Last 1743 4 Vizt£ G G Powell Esqr£ 32£ £2. 12. -£ Robt Wright£ 26£ 1. 6£ John Bandts Orphans£ 72£ 3. 12£ Jams Doveton£ 23£ 1. 18£ Jud French Junr£ 26£ 1. 6£ Joseph Doefountain£ 2£ 2£ £ 10. 11	Hospital, ditto, for stores in October, November and December 1743, viz: Bread and flour, viz 42 lb bread, £0 3s 2d 3 flour, £3 0s 8d Sugar, 197 lb, £2 7s 10¼d Oil, 3 gallons train, £0 [...] 10d Turnery ware, viz 5 wood bowls, £0 2s 11d 1 platter, £0 [...] 7d £0 3s 6d Ironware, 2 till locks, £4 2s 0d 1 lb steelyards, £5 4s 3¾d £0 9s 6¾d Blankets, 1 ordinary, £0 5s 0¾d Canvas, 2 yards ditto, £0 1s 4d Nails, viz ½ cwt 3, £0 3s 2d 1 cwt 6, £0 5s 0d £0 8s 2d Rice, 78 lb, £0 2s 5d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 2s 11d Soap, 4 lb, £0 2s 6d Total, £7 7s 3½d Signed, Robert Wright, storekeeper. The paymaster this day brought in his account of sundry payments, which was examined and approved, and is as follows, viz: Account of blacks' labour employed at the fortification at Rupert's, due to the following persons for the month of January last, 1743[4], viz: George Gabriel Powell Esq., 32 [...], £2 12s 0d Robert Wright, 26 [...], £1 6s 0d John Bazett's orphans, 72 [...], £3 12s 0d James Doveton, 23 [...], £1 15s 0d John French senior, 26 [...], £1 6s 0d Joseph Defountaine, 2 [...], £0 2s 0d £10 11s [...] Interpretations The fortification labour account for January 1744, crediting Powell, Wright and other named holders with payment for days of slave labour supplied to the works at Rupert's, shows the Governor and his own councillors drawing pay from the Company for the hire of their own slaves alongside ordinary inhabitants such as John Bazett's orphans and Joseph Defountaine, the fortifications built on hired rather than solely on the Company's own establishment of slaves.
254		251	Days,Brought Over£ 10. 11 Joshua Johnson£ 20£ 1. 10 Simon Whaleys Orphans£ 30£ 2. 1 Richard Findley£ 21£ 1. 1£ Charles Stewards Orphans 62£ 3. 12£ John Barton£ 48£ 2. 8£ Henry Beale£ 26£ 1. 6£ 2£ 2£ 400£ £ 20. - Account of work done at the Fortifications by the£ following Persons belonging to the Garrison Vizt£ Jonathan Godby£ 17£ 17£ Watts Cammell£ 16£ 16£ Robt Curry£ 13£ 13£ Jno Ellis£ 11£ 11£ Jams English£ 16£ 15£ Jams Vaughan Junr£ 11£ 11£ Anthony Day£ 12£ 12£ Henry Cutler£ 3£ 3£ Nathaniel Cascall£ 9£ 9£ Pet Batts£ 3£ 3£ Danl Serjeant£ 5£ 5£ John Murdock£ 18£ 18£ Jos Flunt£ 19£ 19£ John Doway£ 9£ 9£ John June£ 9£ 9£ Ste Cowen£ 16£ 15£ Jams Lee£ 14£ 14£ Jno Beale£ 17£ 12£ Thos Dent 12£ 12£ Wm Gann£ 14£ 14£ John Bardin£ 15£ 15£ Pet Wolfe£ 10£ 10£ Robt Mason£ 9£ 9£ Jno Manniche£ 9£ 9£ Jno Morgan 9£ 9£ Thos Fuller 2£ 2£ Andw Barton 3£ 3£ Wm Bensild 17£ 17£ Jno Ford 2£ 2£ Jno Simpson£ 2£ 2£ Robt Oakingburgh£ 1£ 1£ Chas Haight£ 2£ 2£ Edward Arnold 2£ 2£ Thos Forde 9£ 318£ 16. 18	Hospital, ditto, for stores in October, November and December 1743, viz: Bread and flour, viz 42 lb bread, £0 3s 2d 3 flour, £3 0s 8d Sugar, 197 lb, £2 7s 10¼d Oil, 3 gallons train, £0 [...] 10d Turnery ware, viz 5 wood bowls, £0 2s 11d 1 platter, £0 [...] 7d £0 3s 6d Ironware, 2 till locks, £4 2s 0d 1 lb steelyards, £5 4s 3¾d £0 9s 6¾d Blankets, 1 ordinary, £0 5s 0¾d Canvas, 2 yards ditto, £0 1s 4d Nails, viz ½ cwt 3, £0 3s 2d 1 cwt 6, £0 5s 0d £0 8s 2d Rice, 78 lb, £0 2s 5d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 2s 11d Soap, 4 lb, £0 2s 6d Total, £7 7s 3½d Signed, Robert Wright, storekeeper. The paymaster this day brought in his account of sundry payments, which was examined and approved, and is as follows, viz: Account of blacks' labour employed at the fortification at Rupert's, due to the following persons for the month of January last, 1743[4], viz: George Gabriel Powell Esq., 32 [...], £2 12s 0d Robert Wright, 26 [...], £1 6s 0d John Bazett's orphans, 72 [...], £3 12s 0d James Doveton, 23 [...], £1 15s 0d John French senior, 26 [...], £1 6s 0d Joseph Defountaine, 2 [...], £0 2s 0d £10 11s [...] Interpretations The fortification labour account for January 1744, crediting Powell, Wright and other named holders with payment for days of slave labour supplied to the works at Rupert's, shows the Governor and his own councillors drawing pay from the Company for the hire of their own slaves alongside ordinary inhabitants such as John Bazett's orphans and Joseph Defountaine, the fortifications built on hired rather than solely on the Company's own establishment of slaves.
255		252	Sundry Necessarys bought for the Supply of the Generall Table Vizt£ 127 Gallons Maderia Wine at 6/ pr gallons£ there being very little in the Store 38. 2. - 6 Dozn Port Wine at 40/ dozn£ 12. -£ 140lb Beef at 3d£ 1. 15£ 8 Turkeys£ 2. -£ 1 Dozn Eggs£ 1. 6£ £ 53. 18. 6 Sundrys bought for lining for Blacks Cloaths£ there Not being a sufficiency in the Stores Vizt£ 19 pr Blue Linnen at 18/ Ea£ 17. 2£ 3 pr Isatoowales at 10/ Ea£ 1. 10£ 19 pr Neckances at 14/ Ea£ 13. 6£ 20 pr Grenadines at 12/ Ea£ 12. -£ £ 43. 18£ 1000 Teak boards to Repair the Blacks Houses in the£ Country & at the fort at 12 Ea£ £ 50. -. - Daniel Mason for Sawing 15 Deals£ to Repair the Honble Companys houses£ 15. -£ £ 50. 15. - Dr Geo Gab Powell Pay Master Cr To Cash Recd out£ of the Honble£ Companys Treasury£ 200. -. - By Cash Paid Sundry Accot Fortification£ Vizt As pr Columns vizt£ Black Labour 20 . -£ Soldiers do 16. 18. -£ 36. 18£ By Cash Paid Sundrys for the Supply of the Generall table Vizt as before Mentioned£ 53. 18. 6£ By Cash Paid Sundrys for Blacks£ Cloaths Vizt as pr Column£ 43. 18£ By Cash Paid for Teak boards£ for ye Repairing of the Slave houses£ as pr Column£ 50£ By Cash Paid Sawyers as pr Column£ 15£ 184. 9. 6 15. 10. 6 By Ball this Day Paid in£ £ 200 Errors Excepted St Helena this 14th day of Febry 1743 4 G G Powell Paymastr John Godfry	Sundry necessaries bought for the supply of the general table, viz: 127 gallons Madeira wine at 6s per gallon, there being very little in the stores, £38 2s 0d 6 dozen port wine at 40s per dozen, £12 0s 0d 140 lb beef at 3d, £1 15s 0d 8 turkeys, £2 0s 0d 1 dozen eggs, £0 1s 6d £53 18s 6d Sundry bought for lining for the blacks' clothes, there not being a sufficiency in the stores, viz: 19 pieces blue linen at 18s each, £17 2s 0d 3 pieces sattoowales at 10s each, £1 10s 0d 19 pieces neckcloths at 14s each, £13 6s 0d 20 pieces grenadines at 12s each, £12 0s 0d £43 18s 0d 1,000 teak boards to repair the blacks' houses in the country and at the fort, at 12d each, £50 0s 0d. Daniel Mason for sawing 15 deals to repair the Honourable Company's houses, £0 15s 0d. Total £50 15s 0d. George Gabriel Powell, paymaster, accounted as follows: Debtor: cash received out of the Honourable Company's treasury, £200 0s 0d Credit: Cash paid sundry accounts, fortification, viz black labour £20 0s 0d and soldiers ditto £16 18s 0d, £36 18s 0d Cash paid sundries for the supply of the general table as before mentioned, £53 18s 6d Cash paid sundries for the blacks' clothes as before mentioned, £43 18s 0d Cash paid for teak boards for repairing the slaves' houses as before mentioned, £50 0s 0d Cash paid sundries as before mentioned, £0 15s 0d [subtotal] £184 9s 6d Balance this day paid in, £15 10s 6d £200 0s 0d Errors excepted. St Helena, this 14th day of February 1744. Signed, George Gabriel Powell, paymaster, and John Godfrey. Interpretations Grenadines and sattoowales were plain cotton and silk-mixed cloths of the Indian trade, bought here as lining rather than as finished garments, the storekeeper's own stock of coarser kersey and dungaree evidently exhausted and the council obliged to buy substitute material at retail rather than issue from the Company's usual reserve. The 127 gallons of Madeira bought at once, with the note that very little remained in the stores, points to a table kept regularly supplied through the shipping season rather than run down and restocked only occasionally: the purchase reads as routine replenishment against the anchorage's demand rather than as any departure from ordinary practice.
256		253	Mr James Powell this Day Petition for two Small Pcs of Land Waist Ead contg about 3 Acres adjoyning to his other Lands for ye Islense£ purpose of Planting wood thereon£ Granted Expended for the Use of the Genl Table in Jany 1743 4 36 Bottles of Maderia£ 2. 14 73 Bottles Port Wine£ 4. 11. 3 Do Mountain£ 39 Do Red Cape£ 1. 19£ Do White£ 8 Do Florence Oyle£ 1£ 330 Small Beer£ 3. 1. 10½£ 177 Gallons Arrack£ 24. 2. 6£ 229lb Sugar£ 2. 17. 8£ 80lb Candy£ 4. 11. 10£ 3 Casks Flower£ 2£ 4lb Pepper£ 4 Bushells Salt£ 1. 18. 4£ 76lb Pork£ 10. -£ 59lb Beef£ 8. 17£ 4 Hogs£ 6£ 2 Sheep£ 12 Fowls£ 18£ 2 Turkeys£ 10£ 7 Pigs£ 1. 15£ 2 Gallons Sams Oyle£ 2. 9£ 11lb Biscuit Bread£ £ 78. 7. 5½	Mr James Powell this day petitioned for two small pieces of land, waste and uncultivated, containing about three acres, adjoining his other lands, for the purpose of planting wood thereon. Granted. Expended for the use of the general table in January 1743[4], viz: 36 bottles of Madeira, £2 14s 0d 73 bottles of port wine, £4 11s 3d [...] mountain, £1 19s 0d 39 [...] red Cape, [...] [...] white, [...] 8 [...] Florence oil, £1 [...] 330 small beer, £3 1s 10½d 177 gallons arrack, £24 2s 6d 229 lb sugar, £2 17s 8d 80 lb candy, £4 11s 10d 3 casks of flour, £0 2s 0d 4 lb pepper, £4 18s 4d 4 bushels salt, £1 7s 6d 76 lb pork, £1 5s 0d 10 goats, £8 6s 0d 59 lb beef, £0 2s 0d 4 hogs, £0 18s 0d 2 sheep, £1 10s 0d 12 fowls, £2 9s 0d 2 turkeys, £0 [...] 7 [...] 2 gallons palm oil, [...] 11 lb biscuit bread, [...] £78 7s 5½d Interpretations James Powell's petition to plant wood on land expressly described as waste and uncultivated reflects the standing island-wide policy, repeated in successive administrations, of requiring holders to fence and plant a proportion of their ground with timber against the chronic shortage of wood that runs through this whole record, land granted on that footing being subject to forfeiture where the planting was neglected. The 177 gallons of arrack costing £24 2s 6d again stands as by far the heaviest single charge on the table account, consistent with the pattern seen in the December return, arrack remaining the staple spirit of the household's daily consumption rather than the wines and Florence oil bought in far smaller quantity for occasional use.
257		254	Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of Janry 1743/4 Vizt£ Neat Cattle,Sheep,Goats,Hogs,Poultrey,Horses [column headers]: Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearling Calfs, Bulls, Total, Ews, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ews, Weathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Pigs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowles, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total Remaining 1st Do: Bullocks 27, Cows 100, Heifers 55, Steers 26, Yearling Calfs 31, Bulls 6, Total 321, Ews 93, Weathers 20, Lambs 20, Rams 3, Total 136, Ews 139, Weathers 37, Kids 36, Rams 4, Total 236, Sows 20, Barrows 13, Shoats 14, Pigs 74, Boars 3, Total 129, Turkeys 62, Fowles 162, Ducks 39, Geese 7, Horses 8, Mares 8, Total 16 Increasd in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearling Calfs 3, Bulls 0, Total 3, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 9, Rams 0, Total 9, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kids 23, Rams 0, Total 23, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 7, Fowles 14, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Killed in Do: Bullocks 27, Cows 100, Heifers 55, Steers 26, Yearling Calfs 31, Bulls 99, Bulls 6, Total 324, Ews 93, Weathers 20, Lambs 29, Rams 3, Total 145, Ews 139, Weathers 37, Kids 79, Rams 4, Total 259, Sows 20, Barrows 13, Shoats 19, Pigs 74, Boars 3, Total 129, Turkeys 69, Fowles 209, Ducks 39, Geese 7, Horses 8, Mares 8, Total 16 [sub-row]: Bullocks 1, Cows [...], Heifers [...], Steers [...], Yearling Calfs [...], Bulls [...], Total 1, Ews 2, Weathers [...], Lambs [...], Rams [...], Total 2, Ews [...], Weathers 9, Kids 1, Rams [...], Total 10, Sows [...], Barrows 2, Shoats 2, Pigs 10, Boars [...], Total 14, Turkeys 4, Fowles 38, Ducks [...], Geese [...], Horses [...], Mares [...], Total [...] Died in Do: Bullocks 27, Cows 100, Heifers 54, Steers 26, Yearling Calfs 31, Bulls 99, Bulls 6, Total 323, Ews 91, Weathers 20, Lambs 29, Rams 3, Total 145, Ews 139, Weathers 28, Kids 78, Rams 4, Total 249, Sows 20, Barrows 11, Shoats 17, Pigs 64, Boars 3, Total 115, Turkeys 65, Fowles 171, Ducks 39, Geese 7, Horses 8, Mares 8, Total 16 [sub-row]: Bullocks [...], Cows [...], Heifers [...], Steers [...], Yearling Calfs [...], Bulls [...], Total [...], Ews 1, Weathers [...], Lambs [...], Rams [...], Total 1, Ews [...], Weathers 2, Kids [...], Rams [...], Total [...], Sows [...], Barrows [...], Shoats [...], Pigs 2, Boars 1, Total 3, Turkeys [...], Fowles [...], Ducks [...], Geese [...], Horses [...], Mares [...], Total [...] Remaining 31 Do: Bullocks 27, Cows 100, Heifers 54, Steers 26, Yearling Calfs 31, Bulls 99, Bulls 6, Total 323, Ews 90, Weathers 20, Lambs 29, Rams 3, Total 142, Ews 197, Weathers 28, Kids 78, Rams 3, Total 246, Sows 20, Barrows 11, Shoats 17, Pigs 62, Boars 2, Total 112, Turkeys 65, Fowles 191, Ducks 39, Geese 7, Horses 8, Mares 8, Total 16 219lb Beef Expended£ 269 Pork Do£ Yams Expended at the severall Plantations 30000lb£ One Man Slave Died the 19th G G Powell Husbd£ G G Powell John Godfry Robt Wright	Neat cattle: bullocks, cows, heifers, steers, yearlings, calves, bulls, total Remaining 1 Jan: 27, 100, 55, 26, 31, 96, 6, 321 Increased in ditto: 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3 Killed in ditto: 27, 100, 55, 26, 31, 99, 6, 324 Died in ditto: 27, 100, 54, 26, 31, 99, 6, 323 Remaining 31 ditto: 27, 100, 54, 26, 31, 99, 6, 323 Sheep: ewes, wethers, lambs, rams, total Remaining 1 Jan: 93, 20, 20, 3, 136 Increased in ditto: 0, 0, 9, 0, 9 Killed in ditto: 93, 20, 29, 3, 145 Died in ditto: 91, 20, 29, 3, 145 Remaining 31 ditto: 90, 20, 29, 3, 142 Goats: ewes, wethers, kids, rams, total Remaining 1 Jan: 139, 37, 56, 4, 236 Increased in ditto: 0, 0, 23, 0, 23 Killed in ditto: 139, 37, 79, 4, 259 Died in ditto: 139, 28, 78, 4, 249 Remaining 31 ditto: 137, 28, 78, 3, 246 Hogs: sows, barrows, shoats, pigs, boars, total Remaining 1 Jan: 20, 13, 14, 74, 3, 124 Killed in ditto: 20, 13, 19, 74, 3, 129 Died in ditto: 20, 11, 17, 64, 3, 115 Remaining 31 ditto: 20, 11, 17, 62, 2, 112 Poultry: turkeys, fowls, ducks, geese Remaining 1 Jan: 62, 162, 39, 7 Increased in ditto: 7, 47, 0, 0 Killed in ditto: 69, 209, 39, 7 Died in ditto: 65, 171, 39, 7 Remaining 31 ditto: 65, 191, 39, 7 Horses: horses, mares, total Remaining 1 Jan: 8, 8, 16 Killed in ditto: 8, 8, 16 Died in ditto: 8, 8, 16 Remaining 31 ditto: 8, 8, 16 217 lb of beef expended, 269 lb of pork ditto. Yams expended at the several plantations, 30,000 lb. One man slave died the 19th. Signed, George Gabriel Powell, husband; John Godfrey; Robert Wright. Interpretations The neat cattle total held almost exactly level through January, 321 opening and 323 closing, continuing the steadiness already seen in December, when the herd likewise moved only marginally across the month; the Company's stock was neither being drawn down for the shipping nor building through calving at this season, the three calves increased in January being the only growth recorded. The goat total fell back from the 236 recorded at the end of December to 246 here after a sharp cycle of 23 kids born and then 78 goats dying within the same month, a rate of loss far heavier than anything recorded among the cattle, sheep or hogs, and consistent with the kind of seasonal die-off that recurs in this record wherever a herd is left to graze exposed rather than folded and fed by hand.
258		255	At a Consultation held on Friday the 9th day of March 1743 Present G G Powell Esqr Governour John Godfrey 2 in Council£ Robert Wright 3 in Council The last Consultation was Read and Approved On the 4th day of March the Long Boat£ was orderd to Sandy Bay for Lime when John Hardingstall the Patroon got her Ready Accordingly But instead of proceeding that Night agreable to the Orders he had received he was on the Morning£ of the Next day found drunk on shore and the Long Boat Run away with out Sight advice of which Mr Godfrey then Chief of the£ fort Sent to the Govr in the Country£ Upon which the said Patroon of the Long Boat was Confind and a strick Enquiry made Concerning the Loss of the£ Boat from Ensign Kirkpatrick then officer on Guard and others who Declard that the Watches were very Regularly Kept and no one of£ the Centinels heard the Least Noise or disturbance and that it was so£ dark it was impossible to See what was done upon the Water or£ even at the distance of a few Yards The Patroon on being Examined declard£ that it was thought his Negligence that the Accustomary Orders£ for taking the Sails and Oars out of the Boat every Night whilst at£ her Moorings were not Observed for Which he was Imprisoned£ and detained there till Govr Dunbars Arrival in the Road the£ Number of Slaves which we lost by this Accident were 10 Men£	A consultation was held on Friday 9 March 1744. Present: George Gabriel Powell, Governor, John Godfrey, second of council, and Robert Wright, third of council. The last consultation was read and approved. On the 8th day of March the long boat was ordered to Sandy Bay for lime. John Harding, the coxswain, got her ready accordingly, but instead of proceeding that night, as directed by the orders he had received, he was found the next morning drunk ashore, and the long boat had gone missing without any word or notice of it. On learning this Godfrey, then chief officer at the fort, sent word to the Governor in the country. The coxswain of the long boat was confined, and a strict inquiry made into the loss of the boat. Ensign Kirkpatrick, then officer on guard, and others declared that the watches had been kept regularly, that none of the sentinels had heard the least noise or disturbance, and that it had been so dark that night that it was impossible to see anything on the water, even at a distance of a few yards. Examined, the coxswain declared that it was through his own negligence that the usual orders for taking the sails and oars out of the long boat every night while at her moorings had not been observed. For this he was imprisoned and kept there until Governor Dunbar's arrival in the road. The number of slaves lost by this accident was ten men. Interpretations The coxswain's confinement running until the next governor's arrival, rather than to any fixed term, shows punishment here serving less as a measured penalty than as a holding action pending a change of authority, the council content to keep the man out of the way rather than settle the matter finally itself. The loss of ten slaves in a single accident, recorded here in the same flat tone as the boat's own loss, sits within a wider pattern in this record of Company slaves drowned or killed in accidents at sea and on the island's cliff paths, their deaths counted as losses of labour and property rather than treated as occasions calling for any separate inquiry into their welfare.
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262		259	EAP 1364 St Helena Document Name and Date: St Helena Records 1743-4 Dimensions (height x width x depth) (cm): (H) 47.5 cm x (W) 30.5 cm x (D) 3.5 cm No. written pages: 255 No. blank pages: 2 Spine and cover: Good condition Inside pages: Good condition. Foxing present, and some minor water damage. Additional comments: Pages 256 and 257 are blank, but numbered. Time taken to photograph (hours): 3 hours	EAP 1364 St Helena Document Name and Date: St Helena Records 1743-4 Dimensions (height x width x depth) (cm): (H) 47.5 cm x (W) 30.5 cm x (D) 3.5 cm No. written pages: 255 No. blank pages: 2 Spine and cover: Good condition Inside pages: Good condition. Foxing present, and some minor water damage. Additional comments: Pages 256 and 257 are blank, but numbered. Time taken to photograph (hours): 3 hours