St Helena Records 1743-1745

Introduction: This is the twenty fourth volume in the series of St Helena Records, which summarises the proceedings of official meetings held by the island’s Governor and Council, during which matters of government, defence, supplies, justice and discipline were discussed and recorded.

Source: Images of the original records can be viewed on the British Library’s website: https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP1364-1-1-28.

Text Transcription: This transcription was produced by AI from handwritten document images held on the British Library's website, at about thirty pages per hour. Given the limitations described below, the text should be regarded as unreliable and used only as a search-and-find shortcut: once a relevant section has been located, it must always be checked against the source image via the hyperlinked Film Numbers listed in the main transcription table below.

Three specific problems affected the work. First, AI tends to prioritise meaning and readability at the expense of fidelity to the original, with a strong disposition to normalise spellings, expand abbreviations, and adjust grammar. It is particularly weak with unfamiliar surnames, and scrawled signatures often resist accurate transcription entirely. Transcriptions by eye of documents spanning four centuries have also shown that a single surname could be written in a wide variety of ways: the Crowie family name appears under six different spellings, and the Isaacs family name under sixteen. Searches for surnames are therefore hindered both by genuine variations in the originals and by mistranscriptions introduced by AI, and for this reason are best run phonetically. Second, the AI struggled with the late secretary hand, the script commonly used from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, in which the letter S appears in a form closely resembling a trailing L. Third, occasional passages in these volumes are written in a hand so obscure or poorly formed as to be difficult to read even by eye, sometimes compounded by heavy ink bleed-through from the reverse side or by the loss of sections of pages.

To mitigate these difficulties, a strict protocol was applied to each image, requiring the AI to rely solely on clearly visible ink strokes and to flag any uncertain reading, thereby reducing the risk of inferred or invented text. Two conventions are used. [...] marks text that could not be read with confidence; this may represent a single unreadable word, a full sentence, or occasionally an entire paragraph. Square brackets around letters or words indicate a conjectural reading supplied by the transcriber: brackets around a whole word, for example [Bazett], mean the entire word was unclear and a probable reading has been supplied, while brackets around individual letters within an otherwise readable word, for example B[a]z[e]tt, mean only those specific letters were unclear in the source and the unbracketed letters were legibly present.

Referencing Text Locations: A dual numbering system has been adopted, combining the British Library film number with the manuscript’s original page number. These are presented in the format: British Library Film No. / Document Page No.

Pagination:

Page numbers appear only at the top right corners of the recto sides. The first visible number occurs on Film No. 4 as page 1 (location 4/1). The page numbering then continues sequentially through to the end of the volume.

Dates: During the period of this volume, England and its colonies followed the Old-Style Julian calendar, in which the legal new year began on 25 March (Lady Day). This volume records consultations at St Helena on dates recorded between 11 March 1743 (1744 in the modern calendar) and 30 April 1745. Thus, this volume ought to have been entitled St Helena Records 1744-1745 rather than St Helena Records 1743-1745.

The Council meetings were all held during the administration of Colonel David Dunbar (1744 – 1747).

AI Generated Summary

Introduction

This account draws together the surviving records of St Helena across more than two years, from January 1743 to April 1745, covering the whole of the early government of Colonel David Dunbar. St Helena was a small volcanic island in the South Atlantic, held and run by the English East India Company as a fortified watering and refreshment station on the long sea route between England and Asia. Almost every function of the settlement bent toward that purpose, the feeding and defending of a garrison and the servicing of the ships that called on the homeward passage from India and China. [Film No. 4–5, 204–210]

The material is overwhelmingly administrative, being council minutes, inventories, correspondence with the Company’s Indian settlements, wills, leases, and long schedules of stores, stock and wages. Read in isolation these records seem dry, yet taken together they expose with unusual clarity how power, supply and labour actually worked. The obsessive itemising of every farthing of Company property, from broken planes and rusty traps to the coin of half the trading world, is itself the evidence, revealing an administration in which everything was to be counted and answered for. [Film No. 54–57, 214–223]

The evidence must be handled with care, since almost all of it was produced by the governing council itself and framed to satisfy the directors in London. The record speaks with the voice of authority, and the interests of soldiers, planters and above all the slaves who did most of the physical work appear only indirectly, filtered through the concerns of their masters. Where the material offers interpretation of its own, this account weighs those readings rather than simply repeating them, noting where the record is partial or serves the interests of those who kept it, and setting the island’s experience against the wider history of the Company and the ocean world it belonged to. [Film No. 30–36, 266–274]

Two great dramas give the period its shape. The first, dominating 1743 and much of 1744, was the searching audit of the former provisional Governor George Gabriel Powell, whose misuse of Company property, produce and enslaved labour the council reconstructed account by account. The second, running through late 1744 into 1745, was a wholesale reform of the island’s government under Dunbar, the calling-in and re-granting of its confused land leases, the pruning of idle posts, the revival of neglected revenue, and the tightening of every record, all carried on under the shadow of a newly declared war with France. [Film No. 112–137, 437–452]

Governance and Administration

The central event opening the period was the change of government in March 1743. On Sunday 11 March the ship Caesar came into the roadstead late in the afternoon, and Colonel David Dunbar landed with Captain Charles Hutchinson, carrying a commission from the Court of Directors that named Dunbar as Governor and Hutchinson as his deputy. Powell handed over the keys of the Castle that evening, and the council of Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling met to record the transfer. Government rested in this small board, which met at the Castle, read and approved its own previous minutes, and transacted business by consultation throughout the whole period. [Film No. 4]

The reading of the sealed instructions was interrupted by a double alarm, raised when a fleet of eight Dutch ships appeared, bound from Batavia to Holland. The officer who came ashore stayed so briefly that only the Governor had time to write a short letter before the fleet sailed on. This small scene captures the island’s position as a watching-post on a busy sea lane, where passing ships brought news and the chance to send letters home yet rarely lingered, a pattern that recurred throughout the years that followed. [Film No. 5]

A recurring theme was the island’s dependence on the Company’s Indian presidencies for its ordinary supplies. Between 26 and 28 March 1744 the council wrote nearly identical circular letters to Bengal, Bombay, Fort St George and Fort Marlborough, each announcing the change of government and renewing standing requests for goods, differing by coast, with Bengal asked for wax candles and blue deesooties and Bombay for surat chelloes and quilts, every letter seeking the customary 1 per cent allowance in arrack, sugar and rice. In writing to Bengal the council described Powell as laid aside from the Company’s service as the late provisional Governor, a phrase that showed how the official record could quietly settle a man’s reputation in a single chosen phrase. [Film No. 26–28]

The reach of the Court of Directors over island affairs is clear from the case of Christopher Dixon. He had been suspended from the council and from his employment by Powell, had lived at his own expense ever since, and had lately been reinstated by order of the Court. His petition of 17 April 1744 asked for his salary from the date of suspension, and the council agreed he should be paid while referring the harder question of his board and expenses home. The pay list broke his salary into three periods, third of council to April 1743, a lesser fourth-of-council rate through his suspension, and third of council again from 11 March 1744, a careful distinction reflecting a body conscious that its decisions would be reviewed in London. [Film No. 70, 92]

The councillors held working offices as well as their seats, and the two roles frequently collided. Christopher Dixon was absent from the meeting of 21 July 1744, being in the country on the Company’s business as husband, the officer responsible for the plantations, livestock and agriculture. John Goodwin combined the roles of councillor, accountant and paymaster, while Matthew Purling served as both councillor and storekeeper. Financial oversight was exercised directly and collectively, the council periodically counting the Company’s cash in person and signing the counts as a whole board, a shared responsibility reflecting a Company anxious to guard against exactly the kind of private misuse of funds that had marked the previous governorship. [Film No. 239–240, 244–245]

The concentration of every kind of authority in one small body is striking, the same five men governing the island, granting its lands, examining its accounts and trying its offenders. The record shows the council passing directly from a consultation over a lease to sitting as a criminal court. It held even its own members to the ordinary checks, and when John Goodwin petitioned for a parcel of barren land in November 1744 the board sent Dixon and Purling to view it before granting. Its caution over any fresh commitment ran throughout, referring doubtful claims to the Court of Directors rather than binding the Company without orders from London. [Film No. 336, 367, 412]

A quiet but telling advance came in the ordering of the island’s records. Finding that the inventories of deceased persons’ effects had never been registered, the council in early 1745 judged it highly necessary that they should be, and ordered a book kept for the purpose. This concern to preserve a permanent check on how estates were valued matched the wider effort to bring the island’s confused land records into order, marking a broad phase of administrative tightening under Dunbar’s government that gathered pace through the whole later period. [Film No. 428]

Military Affairs and Defence

Defence and the maintenance of the garrison run throughout. One of Dunbar’s first acts, published on 19 March 1744, was an order dismissing the planters’ slaves from the fortification works and recalling the soldiers who had laboured there, a reversal of the previous labour policy. The scale of ordnance was considerable, a detailed return listing demi cannons, culverins and lighter pieces together with many thousands of rounds of shot, reflecting the island’s role as a fortified Company possession that had to be defensible against rival European powers, even when the immediate threat came more from the sight of Dutch colours in the offing than from any actual assault. [Film No. 19, 23]

The Court of Directors had ordered a survey of the fortifications, and the Governor and Lieutenant Governor delivered a severe report on 1 May 1744. The works were placed far too near the sea, their front too extensive, and too many guns mounted for the men available to serve them. Only the faces were pointed with mortar, the rest rubble and the merlons filled with stones set in dirt, so that the garrison would suffer from flying splinters whenever the works were struck. A later hand annotated this report as a weak repetition of the survey Governor Lambert had laid before the council on 27 April 1742, the same complaints having stood uncorrected for two years. [Film No. 119]

The survey moved work by work along the coast, judging each position not by its intended strength but by whether the surrounding surf, cliffs and approach roads made an enemy landing practicable at all. At Union Castle the embrasures were too wide, Mundens Point was thought better served by heavier guns, and Rupert’s was called the most extensive and unfinished work on the island. Where terrain could be trusted the surveyors left minimal works, as at Turks Cap and Prosperous Bay. The chief obstacle to any repair was want of means, for the island had no long boat fit to bring lime from Sandy Bay, so materials came slowly on the backs of slaves, and there was no supply of skilled masons. [Film No. 119–122]

That the defences were a live concern is confirmed by the naval traffic. His Majesty’s ship Hector arrived on 10 April 1744 and was saluted, and Commodore Anson was noted passing the island at 8 leagues to the south-west on 19 April. This was almost certainly George Anson, then homeward bound with his captured Manila galleon after his circumnavigation during the war with Spain. The garrison’s guns, however, served far more for signalling and salutes than for defence, the gunner John French recording powder spent chiefly on saluting arriving and departing ships and on answering alarms as strange sails appeared off the coast. [Film No. 110–132, 243]

The sheer volume of shipping tested the defences more than any enemy. The gunner’s account for May 1744 records powder expended reaching 509 lb, against 281.5 lb in April and 227 lb in March, with six vessels saluted in barely three weeks. June brought the climax, with 531 lb expended, the single heaviest discharge on 24 June, when 105 guns and 156 lb of powder saluted the departure of nine ships together under naval convoy, including the Sutherland, Hector, Heathcote and Princess of Wales. The quick succession of alarms shows the outer batteries working as tripwires, tracking a sail until the main battery could answer. [Film No. 154, 192]

The decisive external event reached the island by sea on 22 September 1744, when the Company’s ship Portobello, Captain Fisher, arrived from England bringing news of a war with France, the War of the Austrian Succession. For a remote station on the sea lane to the Indies, such news turned every passing sail into a possible enemy. The same ship brought reinforcement, the record oddly doubled between 40 stand of arms and 47 men, and the clearest measure of the war’s effect lies in the great quarterly pay list, which shows the garrison enlarged from two companies to four, the recruits entered as joining on 23 September and spread evenly across all four companies so that every company came up to strength together. [Film No. 264–265, 297–302]

Fortification work continued steadily through the enlarged garrison’s tenure. Oak timber was taken for the drawbridge and for Rupert’s, and sheet lead issued for gun aprons to keep rain from the touch holes. In the winter quarter the stone cutter Bartholomew Molloy worked 72 days laying gun platforms in James Valley and at Rupert’s and cutting stone for the castle, soldiers laboured 171 days and slaves 285 days at Rupert’s, and a well was sunk there 34 feet deep to answer the standing want of water. Powder from the magazine was issued to the stone blaster for quarrying rock, the same material serving the guns drawn upon for the heavy labour of cutting the island’s stone. [Film No. 289–290, 369, 386, 408–416]

The war’s pressure was still plain in the spring of 1745. The garrison now stood at four companies of foot besides a separate artillery company, the whole military charge rising above £1,710 for the March quarter, the recruits brought by the Portobello now fully settled onto the strength at the uniform sentinel’s rate of 3s 8d. A double alarm was made on 23 April 1745 for 17 ships seen to windward, the flagstaff firing to bring the settlement to readiness before any sail was identified, the vigilance the more necessary when a great convoy might as easily have been an enemy squadron approaching the road. [Film No. 515, 519–520, 532]

Settlement, Land and Agriculture

Land was held partly by the Company and partly by settlers on leasehold, and its produce was central to feeding the garrison. Company pastures and plantations, including the fort plantation and the ground at Plantation House, supplied yams, livestock and poultry. The transfer of leasehold was a matter for the council, which in April 1744 granted Samuel Doveton leave to dispose of a parcel to Gabriel Harper. Because a lease still belonged to the Company rather than the tenant, a will could direct such land sold but could not itself pass title, which is why the executors of a deceased planter had to petition separately to assign his leasehold parcels. [Film No. 70, 210]

Yams were the staple crop and the clearest measure of agricultural health. A full account of the Company’s livestock for February and early March 1744 tracked cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses, the herd of neat cattle holding steady at around 330 head, yet only 4,000 lb of yams were expended across the plantations, a sharp fall against the tens of thousands of pounds recorded in comparable earlier months. Coming in the island’s warm season rather than its planting time, this pointed to the plantations again failing to yield rather than to fewer mouths to feed, food security resting on fragile foundations that recur as a background anxiety. [Film No. 22]

Efforts were made to regularise local exchange. The planters resolved to establish a market and agreed to pay David Wilson and Roger Stevenson to manage it, asking only that the Company fit up the market house at its own expense, which the council granted. The market house was not new but a regularly managed market was, and the striking recovery of David Wilson, who had been flogged as a deserter in 1742 yet now held a salaried post, shows how sharply personal fortunes on the island could rise and fall. [Film No. 29]

The granting of small parcels of waste ground was regular council business, tested by whether the grant would prejudice the Company or the neighbourhood. Grace Bates was granted about an acre adjoining her own in 1744, and James Greentree renewed a lease in Lemon Valley on the usual terms. The same test used to strip Powell of three acres he had obtained by a favourable report followed by a lease was applied even-handedly to these ordinary petitions once his abuse of the system had been exposed. Land tenure ran on long leases carefully renewed, as when Thomas Greentree took a 21-year lease of twelve and a half acres in Sandy Bay Valley at 5s an acre in July 1744. [Film No. 126–152, 184]

A particular concern for the island’s scarce timber shaped the grants. In July 1744 Richard Goodwin was granted 21 acres near Old Woman’s Valley in trust for John Nichols junior, held on the lives of three named men, and bound to a demanding programme of planting, to set 1 acre in every 10 with timber, to replant at his own cost if the trees failed, and to plant 10 fruit trees for every acre until the whole became an orchard. Granting land on named lives let the Company draw a fresh payment each time one life replaced another, while the planting covenants wrote the council’s worry about the island losing its woodland into one man’s lease as a personal condition of holding the land. [Film No. 212–213]

The fixed 21-year term marked a change in Company policy. On 6 November 1744 the chaplain Edwin Alcock was granted a parcel in James Valley bound to plant and preserve all the wood the ground could hold and to raise gorse along the fences as a living hedge. The account notes that the 21-year limit, in place of the older leases on lives, followed a direction the Company had lately sent, connecting the island’s estate business to instructions arriving from London, the reform aimed at keeping the Company’s waste land enclosed, planted and improved rather than merely occupied. [Film No. 337–338]

The central administrative drama of the later period was the discovery that the island’s landholding had fallen into serious disorder. Examining the Company’s instructions in February 1745, the council found a standing order of 17 April 1741 fixing a ceiling of 21 years on any lease, yet the lease book showed several grants made on lives and some for 99 years, and planters had sold their leases to one another without assignment or registration, so that a single lease might be held by two or three people and no true account of the land could be given. The council moved from deciding leases case by case to a wholesale review, publishing an advertisement requiring every holder to bring the documents to the secretary’s office. [Film No. 437–446]

The council held a careful and consistent line over the unlawful long leases. It would neither strip a tenant of a title lawfully granted by a former Governor nor renew one against the standing order, but froze each such holding until the Company’s pleasure should be known. When James and Martha Scott sought to sell two parcels, it allowed the sale of the one held for 21 years but ordered the 99-year parcel to remain as it was, and it deferred Robert Wright’s lease held on three of the Worralls’ lives. It distinguished a tenant genuinely deceived by a clerical muddle, such as Joshua Worrall, from one who had simply let a title slide. [Film No. 443–445]

The reordering reached the island’s principal men and its own governors alike. Through March and April 1745 the council renewed leases in turn to Francis Wrangham senior, to Richard Goodwin, and to the councillors John Goodwin and Matthew Purling, working systematically along the neighbouring holdings. The renewals ran to a single uniform pattern, every grant binding the tenant to a 21-year term at 5s an acre, to keep the fences as the land marks of the parcel, to plant a tenth part in wood, to raise furze along the fences, and to plant apple, lemon, mulberry and peach trees, the varied grants of former Governors replaced by a common rule under the Company’s authority. [Film No. 455–463]

The parcels were fixed not by survey but by their neighbours and local names, bounded against the holdings of named planters living and dead, and identified by such names as Perkins’s, Gabriel’s Gut and Dogwood Valley. This reliance on the shared memory of who held the ground on each side was the very confusion the calling-in was meant to resolve. Not all grants were of country plantations, for on 16 April 1745 Richard Mason was granted a small town plot in James Valley, a yard and kitchen fixed by the streets and buildings around it, including a Southwark Street, showing the island’s settlement carrying the ordinary furniture of an English town with named streets transplanted onto the island. [Film No. 457, 487–488]

The Company’s livestock was tracked month by month with close attention to its classes, and the returns tie the herds directly to the shipping. The pressure of a busy season shows starkly in the May 1744 account, when close to a thousand pounds of beef was sold to each of five ships, totalling 4,987 lb, and the herd fell from 328 to 312. By contrast the July 1744 return shows neat cattle opening at 307 and rising only by the 13 calves born, with not a single beast killed, sold or dead, the road being empty and the herd simply left to breed. Goats rose from 286 to 313 and hogs from 91 to 134, the breeding classes recovering precisely because no ship’s purser was drawing on them. [Film No. 153, 242]

The management of the pastures was itself a matter of dispute and reform, centred on the abuse of the Great Wood pasture by planters’ cattle and hogs, which once driven off soon improved the ground. Wider concern for the island’s woodland appears in the case of Peak Gut, a place that had formerly produced much ebony but for the goats allowed to range there. The plantation also worked hard to secure its own fodder, Jeptha Germain being paid to break up ground at Horse Point and try hay seed, and the surveyor Joseph Kendall paid 12 guineas to measure all the Company’s pastures, the ground to be laid down for hay treated as a necessary step toward securing the winter feed the stock had so often wanted. [Film No. 256–266, 308, 355, 366]

The most sustained agricultural concern of the later months was the control of goat mange. The disease had run through several ranges, and in February 1745 Dixon and Goodwin finished visiting the ranges and killing the infected animals, reporting upward of 20 goats destroyed. This was bound up with the wider concern to protect native woodland from grazing, the council offering the holders of the Peak Gut range a careful bargain, that if after four years the ebony did not grow as hoped the same holders alone might restock the range, so the wood policy was pressed without simply overriding the men who held the ground. [Film No. 425–436]

Supply and Provisioning

The island depended on goods shipped from England and on Indian produce carried in Company vessels, and the storehouse inventories record this dependence in exhaustive detail. The stores held ironmongers’ ware in great variety, from ripping saws and gouges to fox traps, pickaxes and grubbing hoes, together with masts, oars, nails, oil, paint, pewter, pitch, tar, shoes and soldiers’ clothes. Much was recorded as spoiled, rusty, broken or good for nothing, damage the entries sometimes blame on rats gnawing at drill bow strings, a running commentary on the difficulty of keeping goods sound in a damp maritime climate far from resupply. [Film No. 45–53, 54–62]

Alongside the European goods came a substantial stock of Indian produce, valued together with the European wares at more than £5,500 in early 1744. This included arrack, silk allejars, chelloes, china ware, deesooties, muslin, pallampores, rice and paddy, sugar and candy, and long cloth. The presence of so much Indian textile and foodstuff on a mid-Atlantic island directly reflects St Helena’s place on the Company’s eastern trade route, where homeward and outward ships called and left their goods in store, the clerks recording each commodity in its own foreign unit as the shipping delivered it. [Film No. 63–65]

Provisioning was organised by department, the accounts for early 1743 dividing expenditure between the general table, the soldiers’ diet, the blacks, the fortification, the boats, the plantation, the hospital, the garrison and charges general. The general table drew port, Cape wine, Madeira, arrack, sugar, fresh beef, mutton, fowls and turkeys, while the soldiers’ diet was built on puncheons of salt beef and pork worth several hundred pounds. This departmental bookkeeping made it possible, at least in theory, to see where every barrel and bushel had gone, and to charge each department its proper share. [Film No. 67, 80–84]

Provisioning was topped up by purchase from passing ships. When the council found in March 1744 that the cash in hand would not meet the year’s demands, it agreed to bring ashore a chest of treasure from the Caesar and in the same sitting bought butter, cheese, capers, raisins and timber from Captain Court, an oddity of declaring a shortfall and spending freely in the same meeting that reflects a mismatch between cash on hand and running costs rather than real poverty. The island resupplied itself from whatever ship happened to be in port. [Film No. 24]

The storekeeper Matthew Purling’s quarterly account to 30 June 1744 records goods worth some £951 delivered across the quarter, dividing issues between the planters, the garrison, the general table, foreign ships and the Company’s own ships. The household and garrison table was stocked to something close to a genteel English standard, holding quantities of negging cups, the small handleless cups used for serving negus, a warm drink of port or sherry with sugar, lemon and spice named for Colonel Francis Negus. Their frequent appearance alongside soup dishes and tea equipage points to a table furnished for polite English habits, supplied entirely from India and England. [Film No. 207, 214–223, 236–237]

Careful checking of incoming cargo revealed a consistent shortfall. Every ship of the 1744 season, the Princess of Wales, Haslingfield, Harrington, Princess Amelia and Exeter alike, arrived with cargo short of its own invoice, arrack casks wanting topping-up and china broken in transit. The shortfall was traced to half leaguers gauging only 70 gallons against the 80 invoiced, a structural cause common to every ship, the casks under-filled at loading in India rather than any pilferage on the voyage, which explains why the same pattern recurred invoice after invoice. [Film No. 176–177]

The island also victualled the ships that called, both foreign and Company. Foreign vessels were sold deals, coals, powder and naval stores, while Company ships took pitch, tar, bread, flour, cordage and, on one occasion, an anchor weighing more than 28 hundredweight. The warehouse was provisioned as a repair yard and chandlery for the vessels working its exposed road, ready to re-mast or re-rig a homeward or outward ship, its dearest holdings including anchors worth close to £280 and ship’s masts at more than forty pounds apiece. This trade turned the settlement into a working supply point for the wider shipping of the route. [Film No. 224–225, 319, 326]

The great inventory taken on 30 September 1744, valued at £4,227 in European and Indian goods, offers an unusually full picture of material life, and reveals the constant war against decay and vermin. Flour and bread were carried in quantity though much was damaged, later written off in bulk as weevil-eaten, its cask heads falling in and much spilt on the ground, while parcels of tape, drill strings and sieves were recorded eaten by rats. This vast reserve was the measure of what a remote island had to hold against the uncertainty of supply, carrying stores far beyond any immediate want so that garrison, plantation and shipping should never be caught short by a failure of the fleets. [Film No. 317, 322, 334, 348]

The food supply came under sharp strain in the spring of 1745. Governor Dunbar reported in April that the market had been in decline, the planters withholding their yams from the garrison so that the council was obliged to bake bread for the men and feed them from the Company’s own yams. There was so little fresh meat at market that he ordered 60 pieces of salt pork from the small remains in the stores. His remedy was to enlarge the Company’s own yam plantations, a choice to secure the garrison’s food by the Company’s own production rather than remain at the mercy of a market the planters could starve at will. [Film No. 537]

The strain was worsened by ships passing the island with its consigned stores. Dunbar complained that four of the Company’s ships had passed the previous year, laying some hours off and sending only part of what they carried, and charged Captain Polly of the Princess of Wales with delivering only part of the island’s stores while carrying goods for others, pleading want of room in the boats. The settlement’s supply lay at the mercy of a captain’s willingness to serve it, and the Governor’s only real check was a representation to the Court of Directors, the recording of each grievance so that the Company’s authority in London might correct what the board could not compel. [Film No. 538]

Judiciary

The council acted as the island’s judicial and quasi-judicial authority, hearing petitions, weighing evidence and settling disputed accounts much as a court would. Its handling of the contested debt against the late John Bazett’s estate shows the process at work. The case turned on a charge of £129 3s 6d entered for faggots, ordinary cut firewood, against which his executors found only £81 14s in his own account and pointed to his sworn deathbed denial of the rest. Powell admitted he had charged the same sum to Governor Goodwin and to Crisp as well as to Bazett, placing the whole uncertain sum against all three accounts at once, and the council, finding the dying man’s declaration just, debited his estate with £81 14s and no more. [Film No. 89–91]

The care of orphans was a settled duty of the government. On the death of the old planter Stephen Lufkin on 8 May 1744, his executors found in his chest the account books of the Young orphans together with the papers of other deceased estates, and sealed the chest unopened. The council appointed John Goodwin and Martin Hooper as trustees, following the local custom of appointing trustees to minors left without anyone to manage their affairs, a device by which a small estate could be kept intact for children who could not yet hold land themselves. [Film No. 138–139]

The council served as the island’s probate authority, and its handling of intestate estates shows a procedure distinct from English practice. When Thomas Greentree found that Sarah Free had died intestate leaving household goods, some slaves and many creditors, the Company’s local government took direct charge rather than waiting on any ecclesiastical process, ordering her effects sold at public auction and a dividend made to the creditors so that Ryder’s orphans could recover the £38 owed them. This meant that dependants with a claim were not left waiting, but it concentrated authority over property, and over the enslaved people counted among it, firmly in the council’s hands. [Film No. 211]

The proving of wills was a regular part of the council’s business, and the difficulties of a remote island appear in a clerical note that Margaret Goodwin’s will was declared where no stamped paper was to be had, English law requiring wills to be written on stamped revenue paper the island could not always keep. Jonathan Doveton, a planter sick and weak in body but of sound mind, followed the settled island practice of keeping his land in his sons’ hands while charging them to pay out their daughters by valuation, the device by which a modest estate stayed intact and worked while still yielding each child a share. [Film No. 421–427]

The council sat as the island’s criminal court, with the Governor as judge and the four councillors as his assistants. At a court of general gaol delivery on 12 December 1744, two soldiers, Richard Traites and Joseph Long, were tried for stealing and killing sheep, Traites pleading guilty while Long put himself on his country and was found guilty by a jury. The court weighed their punishment by their records, Long, an old offender, sentenced to 100 lashes and Traites to 60, both to stand in the pillory with ropes about their necks for two hours every Thursday for nine weeks while the garrison was under arms, timing the shame and whipping to the muster as a warning to the rest. [Film No. 367–368]

Economy

The island’s economy was that of a Company outpost, driven by stores, salaries and the servicing of ships rather than by any independent market. Goods flowed out of the Company stores to inhabitants, garrison and enslaved workforce, each transaction entered and priced, and between January and March 1743 the stores issued cloth, cutlery, glassware, hooks and lines, ironmongery, nails, oil, shoes, sugar and tea, running to several hundred pounds. Timber was itself an object of trade, and here the accounts caught Powell profiteering, having sold the council 1,000 teak boards at 1s apiece, receiving £50, though he had bought them at 4.75d each and delivered barely 150. [Film No. 73–79, 91]

Trade in the island’s own produce was actively encouraged by London. An advertisement of 30 March 1744 offered 15s a hundredweight for orchella, a dye-yielding lichen worth 40 or 50 pounds a ton in England, and even allowed inhabitants to ship it home on their own account against a percentage and a fixed freight. This gave islanders a direct stake in a London commodity price, an inducement a flat local rate could not match, and shows the Company trying to draw useful value from a barren island by aligning private interest with its own. [Film No. 37]

Pricing policy was used as a deliberate instrument of social management. Orders of 30 March 1744 set the goods supplied to the military establishment at little above prime cost, while planters and inhabitants paid 40 per cent advance, and spirits were kept dear for civilians but cheap for soldiers. This subsidised the garrison’s cost of living to retain men who might otherwise be drawn to other posts, while guarding against soldiers reselling cheap goods to civilians. The covenanted writers, factors and the surgeon later petitioned successfully to buy store goods on the same terms as the military, complaining of the 30 per cent difference in the price charged to each. [Film No. 38–39, 129–131]

The planters formed the main body of paying customers, buying spirits, sugar, cloth, ironmongery and much else on the Company’s account, their sales over the June 1744 quarter coming to some £462. This dependence on the Company store for goods of every kind, from provisions to fine scarlet cloth, shows a settler economy with little independent supply, tied closely to the fortunes and stocks of its landlord and sole merchant. The quarter’s sales to the inhabitants at the close of 1744 came to some £216, a modest sum that measures how narrowly the private economy turned on the Company’s stores. [Film No. 214–220, 395–399]

The council also acted as a wage and price authority in the island’s small and captive market. Judging the tradesmen’s charges exorbitant, and noting that the Company had lately lowered the prices of its own liquors and goods, it fixed a full tariff for tailors’ work in early 1745, from £1 1s 0d for a fully trimmed suit down to 3s for breeches, capped skilled artificers at 3s a day and labourers at 12d, and bound the tradesmen to work under threat of fines. The reach of stock as a form of currency is confirmed by the settlement of John Scott’s debt, who paid £20 18s 0d in cash and made up the balance with two castrated steers valued at £8 12s 0d, the beasts accepted as good as coin. [Film No. 423–425, 440–444]

The Company supplied its two markets at sharply different rates throughout. The quarterly store-sales accounts for January to March 1745 charged the planters a mark-up of 40 per cent on the goods they took, but the garrison only 10, the soldiers supplied more nearly at cost as the Company’s own servants. The great quantity of arrack drawn by the garrison at the reduced rate shows how much of the soldiers’ custom lay in strong drink, and the flour baked into loaves and the men’s shoes a body of men fed and clothed largely from the warehouse where the planters supplied more of their own wants. [Film No. 498–499]

Social Order

Island society was layered, with Company servants, soldiers, free settlers, free black natives and slaves each occupying a distinct place. The discharge petitions of April 1744 illuminate these categories. John Leach, William Seale, Richard Harper and Francis Hayes, described as black natives of the island, petitioned for their discharge having served the Company their full term of five years, and were granted it in the same list and on the same terms as Aaron Delost, a white soldier married and settled on the island. That equality of treatment on the page points to a category of free-born black inhabitants bound to the Company by a fixed term of service rather than by slavery, distinct both from the enslaved and from the ordinary settler population. [Film No. 70]

The regulation of everyday conduct was a steady concern. The council licensed a fixed number of public houses, six persons being licensed on the usual terms, and forbade the sale of spirituous liquors without a licence. When Joseph Bazett, after eighteen years of service, sought either a liquor licence or a soldier’s passage to Bencoolen to support his family, the council granted the passage rather than add a seventh licensed household, a small window onto how social order and welfare were balanced. Length of service shaped a man’s claims on the Company, John Drury being granted his discharge to return to England after eight years, on condition that he paid his debt first. [Film No. 25, 31, 71]

The pay of the servants reveals how the Company met the full cost of maintaining them, running in three parts, a wage, a cash diet allowance in place of a seat at the common table, and a house rent allowance. A clear line separated the officers from the ranks, diet money and house rent added only to the commissioned officers while the sergeants and men below received a single bare figure. The garrison was drawn from a small and intermarried population, the same surnames, the Beales, French, Mason and others, recurring as officers and men across all four companies, and the muster rolls also show men with foreign and continental names drawing the common sentinel’s pay without distinction of origin. [Film No. 293, 300–302, 378–380]

The paymaster reckoned each person’s due to the exact day of service, life and office alike cutting a payment short. The account struck broken quarters precisely for men who died, resigned or changed rank partway through the period, and it recorded the widow of the late Governor John Goodwin, Margaret Goodwin, paid only to 23 January 1745, the day she died. The same day-by-day reckoning caught men at enlistment, as when Timothy Draggett, who joined on 23 September 1744 and died on the 29th, drew only a few pence for his single week of service, the roll following each man to the moment he left it. [Film No. 295–298, 510]

The Company also maintained its worn-out servants. A separate roll of the superannuated carried old sergeants, a quarter gunner, a drummer and an armourer, still drawing a small allowance of £3 8s 3d apiece though no longer fit for their former duties. This provision for the aged and disabled, a small pension list within the larger pay account, marked a settled practice of holding on the books the men who had spent their strength in the Company’s service. The establishment stood as a poor relief of last resort for its people, the paymaster charging William Davis for two years’ maintenance of Mary Bradley, the sickly orphan of a dead planter, at sixpence a week together with her funeral. [Film No. 304, 306, 520]

Religion and Education

Religious and educational provision was maintained through salaried offices, modest but real. A chaplain and a schoolmaster appear among those paid throughout the period, Edwin Alcock serving as chaplain, named on the pay list at £100 per annum to 11 March 1744 rising thereafter to £160 including diet, and Richard Beale drawing pay both as schoolmaster and as clerk. The church was a working part of the settlement and drew on Company labour, the accounts against Powell recording stone layers’ and labourers’ days sent to the church, and its fabric was maintained from the same stores as everything else, eight yards of kersey issued for cushions for the church and two squares of glass bought for its windows. [Film No. 72–73, 234, 286–294]

The evidence for religious and educational life is otherwise thin, the record privileging accounting over the ordinary spiritual routines of the island. The one substantial episode touching the church was a dispute over money rather than worship. On 11 June 1744 the churchwardens Richard Beale and Martin Harper presented a complaint that Powell had forced on the building of a country church against the subscribers’ wishes and at inflated cost, of £236 subscribed only £36 remaining, yet the walls stood unfinished and both gable ends had collapsed in the rains. The dispute turned on a single piece of timber for which Powell had charged £20, and the council concluded it could not determine the affair. [Film No. 159–162]

Trade and Shipping

Ships were the island’s lifeline, and vessels of several kinds appear throughout. Company ships such as the Caesar, the Grantham and the Guardian called on Company business, while frigates of the Royal Navy also touched at the island. The Company supported not only its own ships but naval vessels in need, and in April 1744 Captain Locke of His Majesty’s ship Hector applied for workmen and materials to relay his furnace, having been obliged to break it up to put out a fire beneath it, the council agreeing to supply what was required. [Film No. 66, 68, 92]

The volume of shipping rose sharply through the busy season of 1744. The supply ship Heathcote, Captain Cape, arrived from Madras on 29 April with arrack, rice, sugar and wax candles, and late May brought a concentration of homeward Indiamen, the Princess of Wales from Bombay, the Royal Guardian from Bencoolen, and the Harrington and Haslingfield from China, each bringing arrack, rice, porcelain, tea and sugar candy. Ships of other nations also called, the Danish Queen of Denmark and the French Duc de Chartres, illustrating the island’s role as a watering stop rather than a market for ships already carrying cargo. [Film No. 111, 142–148]

The convoy system that governed the ships’ movements reflected the wider war at sea. On 24 June 1744 seven Company ships sailed together under the protection of His Majesty’s ships Sutherland and Hector, the grouping of homeward and outward vessels under naval escort a direct response to the maritime dangers of the period when merchant shipping could not safely sail alone. The muster of newly arrived ships for deserters was a fixed piece of business, Dixon going aboard the Heathcote and others to search their companies, the routine showing the Company guarding against the loss of men to its ships as carefully as against the loss of goods. [Film No. 178, 192]

The island victualled ships of several nations from the same stores. A Portuguese ship departed on 1 July 1744 under salute, and on 14 July the Kryen, a Dutch ship of 800 tons under Captain Vander Bleh, arrived with 79 men and 22 guns, laden chiefly with coffee from Batavia, sailing for Holland on 25 July. The Company also dealt with the people of the ships, the attorneys of John Brown, a surgeon, paying in more than £237 by bills of exchange, and certificates attesting an officer’s accounts clear being a valuable service, William Fry paying £164 for the paper he needed before he could leave. [Film No. 238, 240, 366, 385]

The council’s authority reached even into the discipline of a merchant ship. The Colchester, Captain Campbell, arrived from Borneo on 9 November 1744, and her chief mate Gilbert Dale complained that Campbell had used him ill and asked the council to inquire whether he was truly to blame for the ship running upon the west rocks. The council conducted the inquiry by its ordinary method of sworn testimony, taking the evidence of the mates and boatswain one by one, and traced the grounding to a divided command, no officer aboard holding clear authority to secure her, the garrison’s soldiers having helped work the stranded ship off the rocks. [Film No. 349–353]

The spring of 1745 brought a great homeward convoy and a ship in distress. The Princess of Wales under Captain Polly arrived from Madras, and the Caesar under Captain Court from Bencoolen, accompanied by 15 Dutch ships. The Caesar had struck a sunken rock off the Cape and was taking water at a worsening rate of 15 inches an hour, and Captain Court laid before the council whether to keep company with the Dutch on their long northern course round the British Isles or to stay and repair. The board, calling in a second captain to advise, unanimously counselled the Caesar to stay and stop her leak and go home with the next shipping. [Film No. 532–534]

Slavery and Coerced Labour

Behind the orderly minutes lies a workforce of enslaved men, women and children whose labour sustained the island, recorded most fully in a list taken on 12 March 1744. The enslaved people were set to every essential task, working as blacksmiths, sawyers, cooks, tanners, fishermen, gardeners, stone-blasters and field hands across the plantations, at the fort and at Sandy Bay, a group identified as having come from the Swift sloop. The list names individuals and their ages, from small children to people in their sixties and beyond, one woman recorded at 92. The physical burden of the island’s building and provisioning fell overwhelmingly on people held in bondage. [Film No. 19–21]

The conditions of this bondage are exposed most sharply by a single detail of diet. In the livestock account the enslaved workers were issued 220 lb of measly pork, meat visibly infected with parasites and unfit by contemporary English standards for a gentleman’s table, while ordinary pork was expended at the general table. The Company deliberately routed diseased meat to the enslaved rather than destroying it, a distinction in diet that tracked status rather than any judgement that the meat was safe, cutting through the administrative surface to the human reality beneath. [Film No. 22]

The audit of Powell brought the scale of slave labour into unusually sharp focus. Richard Girling’s account of the Company’s blacks employed by Powell at his own charge recorded hundreds of days of labour, named stonelayers such as Sam Morris, Simon, Cremona, Jack Pudding and Fat the boatswain carrying stone for his house, together with men fetching timber, digging yams and laying bricks, the running totals coming to some 485 stonelayers’ days and over 1,200 labourers’ days. The bookkeeping treated enslaved people frankly as chargeable assets, every day of labour reckoned as a cost, even days lost by a slave named May through sickness tracked as a deduction rather than excused. [Film No. 72–73]

The gravest matter of the Powell inquiry concerned the treatment of the Company’s slaves. After a full day’s work he was found to have sent them by night to Sandy Bay for lime or to James Valley for heavy timber, and to have ordered them severely whipped if they returned late, then sent them to the Company’s work the next morning unfit to labour. These errands, called odd jobs, were deliberately kept out of the overseer Girling’s book on Powell’s own direction. A soldier’s complaint sharpened the portrait further, Thomas Alcock testifying that, displeased with a wig, Powell had ordered a slave boy named Gawer to give him 30 lashes, an episode showing how casually violence could be turned on a soldier and on the slave forced to inflict it. [Film No. 117, 158]

People held in bondage could be treated as property to be argued over. Two Dutch slaves left on the island in 1743 by Captain Devoze of the Knapenburg, to be carried on to the Cape, were victualled at the Company’s expense until fit to work, whereupon Powell had sent them to his own plantation, and when they sought the Company’s protection the council took them under its keeping. The enslaved appear chiefly as property disposed of in wills, the will of Elizabeth Ryder giving her daughter a slave boy named Isidore alongside gold rings and moonstones, the casual listing of a child among jewellery stark testimony to how completely the enslaved were treated as inheritable goods. [Film No. 135–137, 180]

The plainest and most sobering record of slavery appears in the monthly stock accounts, where the deaths of slaves are entered in the same bare register as the losses of livestock. The death of a woman named Mercy Rich on 12 February 1744 and the birth of a girl named Mary on 1 March are recorded in the same breath as tallies of cattle and yams, and in the winter of 1744 the birth of enslaved girls named Pat and Mary was entered among the calves and kids. This casual bookkeeping of human life and death, set among the accounting of animals, is itself eloquent testimony to how the enslaved were seen by those who kept the records. [Film No. 22, 133–153, 363]

The clothing, housing and feeding of the slave establishment were treated as part of the Company’s plant. A separate blacks account set out the yearly clothing, chelloes, doosetees and kersey cut and sewn on the island, the warm woollen kersey marking provision for the coldest part of the island’s year. The accounts drew careful distinctions even within the enslaved workforce, 12 pairs of shoes bought for the handicrafts men, the skilled slaves who worked as smiths and carpenters, while the field hands went without, the distinction of trade written even into the issue of footwear. Length of ship’s mast was cut into girders for the slave houses in the country, sound timber turned to keep the quarters weathertight. [Film No. 285–292, 409]

The enslaved were provisioned according to their usefulness. When the council found in August 1744 that the salt beef and pork was not sufficient for all the Company’s slaves, it agreed that only the working men should be given it, and tough bull beef was later set aside as the slaves’ portion, distinct from the better meat found for the table and the ships. Provisions for the enslaved from March to June 1744 were debited separately to more than £161, and among them was a charge for nails to make a coffin for an old slave cut short, a Company-issued plank ration serving as the measure of a burial set well below what would have been thought decent for a free settler. [Film No. 229, 241, 370]

The management of slaves by control and coercion is seen most clearly in an order of 19 February 1745. Provoked by the flight of nine planters’ slaves who had run off the previous Sunday night with the Company’s boat, foiled only because its rudder, sails and oars had been kept ashore, the council set up a pass system, so that no slave might carry a load to the valley or a landing place without a ticket naming him and his load, and none might go anywhere on a Sunday without one. A rare exception appears in one will, Jonathan Doveton directing that his two old women slaves, Peg and France, having been many years in his family, should not be valued into the estate but kept and provided for, granted at the owner’s own choice in return for long service. [Film No. 422, 440]

A structural feature of the island’s justice was laid bare in passing by Governor Dunbar himself, who remarked that no black person’s evidence was allowed against a white man, by which custom any white man might do as he pleased with no possibility of being convicted. The observation shows that at least some abuses went unrecorded precisely because the only witnesses were slaves, and it marks the limits within which even a reforming governor worked, so that his zeal against waste and negligence reached only those abuses that white witnesses could prove. [Film No. 266]

Finance, Currencies, Bartering and Accounting

The island’s cash economy was strikingly cosmopolitan, as the count of money in March 1743 reveals. The total of £2,634 5s 6.5d was made up of an extraordinary variety of coin, including Venetian coins, chiquins, pagodas, rials, dollars, ducatons, rupees and gold bullion weighed by the ounce. This medley reflects St Helena’s place at the crossing of trade routes, where specie from Europe, the Indian Ocean and the wider maritime world all changed hands. Reckoning it into sterling was a real labour, and the count revealed a shortfall of £13 2s 6.5d against the cash book, itself a tool of the audit against which the accounts could be checked. [Film No. 5–6]

The keeping of the Company’s cash was a matter of great and visible care throughout, the counting carried out coin by coin. When Captain Matthew Court of the Caesar paid £500 into the Company’s cash in April 1744, he tendered it in pagodas, sequins, dollars, half dollars, reals, half reals and a little English money, and the council set down each rate, pagodas at 9s, sequins at 10s, dollars at 5s, half dollars at 2s 6d and reals at 1s 3d. The pagoda at 9s matched the figure recorded for pagodas in 1733, so the conversion had held steady across a decade, the council working from a single fixed rate for each species. [Film No. 70]

The accounting was structured around brought-over and carried-over totals that ran continuously from page to page, a method that let the council track a single balance through a long inventory, and this same continuity is what made Powell’s manipulations detectable, since the audit could follow a value across the books and see where it had been double-charged or marked up. The Company closed its books once a year, on 30 September, and where Powell argued they must simply be sent home as they stood, the council insisted that altered entries be restored to their original form so that everything might appear in its true light, turning the humble ledger into the decisive battleground. [Film No. 34, 41, 72–73]

The cash balance was counted afresh at each quarter, standing at £2,988 12s 3.25d in the spring of 1744, near £2,967 in July, and £4,556 at the close of September, the swings reflecting the drawing-down of the reserve by the ordinary charges of the establishment and its refilling from the sales and ship’s balances of a busy season. The specie itself moved chiefly in the silver and the loose odd money, the small coin of daily traffic worn down by petty payments, while the great holdings of pagodas and dollars, the money the shipping took, stood largely untouched as the reserve that answered the trade. [Film No. 208, 314, 356]

The island’s own paper currency made up a striking share of the reserve throughout. The cash notes, issued by the Company in fixed denominations of half a crown, five shillings, one pound and two pounds, held steady at £528 across successive counts, serving a settled internal purpose among the Company’s own people rather than the shifting traffic of provisions. Their presence alongside the foreign coin marked an economy that could not rely on a steady supply of specie, and a quantity of copper money and Irish halfpence was kept for the petty dealings that gold and silver could not serve. [Film No. 314, 356, 529]

The balance on 31 March 1745 was set out coin by coin, made up of gold pieces weighed by the ounce, 189 pagodas, more than 1,200 Spanish dollars and their divisions into rials, French pieces, and £528 in cash notes, the physical count of the chest the means by which the Company satisfied itself that the money actually held answered to the balance the accounts showed. Where the year’s goods arrived from the Coromandel coast, the invoice of the Princess of Wales was reckoned in pagodas rather than rupees, with charges for coolie hire and gunny bags, while a Bengal cargo carried a batta, the exchange premium the island paid on the rupee, reckoned at 10 per cent on sugar and 8 on rice and arrack. [Film No. 419, 529, 532]

The interpretations attached to the accounts rightly caution that legible figures need not reconcile. On the beef, pork and rice lines a rate and a quantity are both given, yet the sterling sums beside them stand at nil or do not answer arithmetically to the rate, because a clerk carried a quantity and a market rate in one set of columns while the money owed passed into the running total by a separate reckoning. This limitation should temper any close use of these figures, the settlement folding many functions into a single ledger for want of any separate treasury. [Film No. 284]

Crime and Punishment

Wrongdoing at the highest level, rather than ordinary crime, dominates the earlier records, and the case against Powell stands at their centre. The charges amounted to a sustained misuse of office, applying Company slaves, livestock, yams and poultry to his own use, mixing his private consumption with the garrison’s supply under collective heads, selling the Company’s deals largely to himself, and taking a marked-up profit on teak boards he then failed to deliver. Steward Peter Cummings admitted selling goods he knew to be the Company’s, and when ordered to demand back the memorandum book recording these dealings, returned to say Powell claimed to have burnt it, the destruction of the very record that would have proved the case among the most telling details in the whole sequence. [Film No. 30, 71–72, 91]

The method the council used is more revealing than any single charge. It set Powell’s own claims against the independent day-books of the overseers, and where the two differed the difference fell consistently in his favour. He had charged the fortification account £38 19s 6d for the labour of his own slaves, yet the overseer Barton’s account showed only 68 days worked, worth no more than £3 8s 0d. The table accounts drew particular scorn, the council finding 318.5 gallons of arrack charged in a single quarter and, in May alone, 518 bottles of wine entered as consumed, claret bought at 5s a bottle entered under the name of port to close the gap, the extravagance adding £122 15s 7.5d to the previous year’s liquor bill. [Film No. 114, 116]

Powell’s answer to all of this was a refusal of jurisdiction. Asked repeatedly to reply, he said he would answer to the Company but not to the council, denying that the board had any power to call him to account, yet he corresponded freely with the same council about his salary, land and cash. The council treated his imminent departure as a deadline, telling him plainly on 7 June 1744 that unless he paid what was due or gave good security he would not be permitted to leave the island. A later marginal note recorded that the Heathcote sailed in June and nothing further was heard of Powell, from which it was supposed he had gone with her, leaving the demand unresolved. [Film No. 117–152, 157–158]

The council’s authority over the planters was tested sharply in the Greentree affair. Concerned that goats belonging to Thomas and James Greentree were infected with the mange and destroying young ebony, the council on 23 October 1744 ordered the ranges viewed and diseased beasts killed, but the Greentrees met the order with open defiance, each returning a written answer that he would pound his goats when he wanted them. The council held this a bold contempt, and the punishment hardened between sentence and payment from 10s to £10 apiece, the board telling them that disobeying lawful authority was much the same as resisting it, that resistance was the beginning of rebellion, and that rebellion was a capital crime. [Film No. 315–316, 335]

The licensing power served to police the liquor trade as well as to raise money. Those who had sold liquor unlawfully were made to pay both the licence fee they had tried to avoid and a further fine for the contempt, leaving an unlicensed seller worse off than one who had paid, though the board tempered the penalty to the offence, excusing one man who had sold for only a few days. The gravest shipping matter was the conduct of Collin Campbell, captain of the Colchester, who refused for several days to take necessary stores for his voyage home though his men complained of want, and gave the Governor only a spoken and inflated account of his provisions, having folded his pork into the quantity of beef to make his stores appear greater than they were. [Film No. 357–359, 476]

The Governor’s report to the secret committee laid the Colchester’s whole disorder to a failure of command, describing Campbell as a poor creature who kept no rule over a sick and near-mutinous crew, the men beating the supercargoes, and the captain ignorant even of the situation of Cork, a port he was directed to. The men swore they would not weigh anchor until more provisions were put aboard, and Campbell resigned his command in a fit of anger, then demanded the very stores he had first refused. The Governor timed his letter by the supercargoes to overtake the ship and reach London before she was cleared, using the written record as a weapon against a master he could not otherwise reach. [Film No. 360–362]

Personalities

George Gabriel Powell dominates the earlier records, though almost always as an absence being accounted for. He emerges from the minutes as an official of considerable cunning, who used his provisional governorship to draw the Company’s slaves, materials, produce and even people to his private benefit, and who covered his tracks by directing overseers to omit work from their books and by erasing his own name from a consultation of 27 November 1739, entering Crisp’s in its place over a lease that later passed to himself. His answers, so freely given while unchallenged and so quickly withdrawn from proof when tested, form a consistent pattern the council was content to record and let condemn him. [Film No. 112–137]

Yet Powell was not simply dishonest in every dealing. In the Bazett case he spoke up for a dead man’s honesty, confirming that Bazett had never claimed more than £81 14s for faggots, and the council accepted his word. This willingness to treat him as a credible witness to another’s integrity, in the same sitting that condemned his own conduct, gives him a more complicated character than a simple villain of the account. He still appears in the accounts long after his departure, paying more than £243 into the Company’s cash in June 1744, part of the continuing settlement of his affairs, showing how long the business of disentangling a former Governor’s dealings could run on. [Film No. 90–91, 205]

Governor David Dunbar emerges across the whole period as a reforming administrator determined to set the Company’s estate in order. His long statements against Doveton and Clarke show a man willing to pursue waste and negligence at length, and his handling of the difficult ships, buying the Caesar’s arrack himself rather than let the men go short while still respecting the council’s refusal, shows a governor threading a careful course between the board’s orders and the settlement’s real wants. Yet his remark that no slave’s evidence could convict a white man reveals the limits within which even a reforming governor worked. [Film No. 266–268, 540]

Samuel Doveton emerges as the counterpart to Dunbar, an overseer whose management the record condemns, caught falsifying the hog returns by entering young pigs as sows, his only defence being custom, that the animals had always been described so at such an age. The council discharged him at the end of the quarter while still paying him for making hay and hedging. Francis Wrangham senior appears as the largest landholder on the island and a fixture of its dealings, holding several leases at once and untroubled by the buying and selling of children, his letter over two black girls written in the plain language of property and price. [Film No. 262–263, 293]

Around these figures move the officials who did the work. Christopher Dixon, restored after suspension, sat in judgement on the man who had removed him and served as secretary drafting the council’s replies. John Goodwin held an unusual concentration of roles as councillor, accountant, executor and petitioner for land, illustrating how few hands carried the island’s business. Robert Wright the storekeeper set his name to the final reckoning against Powell and later defended his own waste account at length, and the overseer Girling, whose testimony about the odd jobs exposed the concealment built into the accounts, was himself later turned out of his post, replaced by Nicholas Cleather. [Film No. 88, 366, 421–447]

Conclusion

Taken as a whole, this material portrays a small, remote and heavily administered society whose every function bent toward the needs of the East India Company. Over more than two years it captures a change of government, a searching audit of the outgoing governor, a wholesale reform of the island’s land and revenue, the constant labour of feeding and defending the island, and the enslaved workforce on whom all of it depended. The dominant impression is of a place run by ledger and minute, where authority expressed itself through accounts, licences and prices as much as through force, its reach extending from the boundaries of a planter’s field to the fees on a deed and the ration issued to a soldier. [Film No. 22–45, 486–495]

The two great dramas of the period, the Powell audit and the Dunbar reforms, both reveal an administration that trusted its written accounts above its officers. The continuous brought-over totals, the departmental heads and the patient cross-checking of claim against day-book, invoice against measure, and assertion against sworn testimony were the instruments by which a distant Company tried to control its servants thousands of miles away. That those instruments caught Powell, exposed Doveton, and brought a confusion of over-long and unregistered leases back under a single rule is the most substantial thing these records tell us about the governance of St Helena in these years. [Film No. 89–103, 428–452]

The wider wars of the age touched the island unevenly but unmistakably. The passing of Anson and the salutes to King’s ships recall the war with Spain, while the news the Portobello carried of war with France in September 1744 turned the island’s attention to its defences and doubled its garrison from two companies to four in a single quarter. By the spring of 1745 the strain of a wartime convoy, a leaking ship seeking counsel, and captains pressing for provisions all bore upon a herd too low to meet the demand and a market the planters had starved, showing how completely the distant conflict reshaped the ordinary life of the settlement. [Film No. 264, 535–538]

The record’s greatest value lies in what it inadvertently reveals, and its greatest silence in the lives it reduces to entries in a ledger. Written to satisfy London, it foregrounds the concerns of the governing few, yet in its inventories, its casual notes of birth and death, its distinctions of diet by status, and its clothing made for the enslaved, it exposes the coerced labour and rigid hierarchy on which the settlement rested. The two old women Peg and France, spared appraisal for their long service, and the nine who ran off with the boat, stand at the two poles of a system the record documents thoroughly while rarely pausing on its human cost. Read critically, against the wider history of the Company and its ocean empire, the island records of 1743 to 1745 tell a fuller story than their authors intended. [Film No. 19–22, 409–440]

Film No	Page No.	OCR Transcription	Modern Interpretation and analysis
1		EAP 1364 St Helena Document Name and Date: St. Helena Records 1743-1745 Photographer: Peter Date photographed: 22 Nov 2021 Additional comments: [blank]
2		Book cover
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4	1	Island Saint Helena. At a Consultation held on Sunday March 11th 1743 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lt. Govr. Christopher Dixon 3. John Goodwin 4. of Councill Mathew Gurling 5. This Evening a little after 5 o’Clock, the Ship Caesar arriv’d in this Road with Colonel David Dunbar Governour, Captain Charles Hutchinson, and Mr. John Goodwin, who landed about 6, with a Commission from the Honourable the Court of Directors Appointing Colonel David Dunbar Govr. & Captain Charles Hutchinson Lieutenant Govr. of this Island. The Keys of the Castle being deliver’d by Mr. Powell to Colonel Dunbar, Wee adjourn’d till next morning. David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Gurling At a consultation held on March 12 at the Castle. Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt. Hutchinson Lt. Govr. Christopher Dixon 3. John Goodwin 4. of Councill Matthew Gurling 5. The last consultation was read and Approved	On Sunday 11 March 1743, a meeting was convened at the Castle on St Helena. Present were Colonel David Dunbar, who had just assumed the position of Governor, Captain Charles Hutchinson, the Lieutenant Governor, and Councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, and Matthew Gurling. Later that afternoon, shortly after five o’clock, the ship Caesar arrived in the island’s roadstead carrying Colonel Dunbar, Captain Hutchinson, and Mr John Goodwin. They went ashore around six o’clock, bringing with them an official commission from the Honourable Court of Directors which confirmed Colonel Dunbar as Governor and Captain Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor of St Helena. Following their landing, Mr Powell handed the Castle keys to Colonel Dunbar, formally transferring authority to him. The meeting then adjourned until the next morning. The entry bore the signatures of David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, and Matthew Gurling. At the following consultation, held on 12 March at the Castle, the same officials were present: Governor Colonel David Dunbar, Lieutenant Governor Captain Hutchinson, and Councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, and Matthew Gurling. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.
5	2	Wee this Day opened the Packett from the Honble Company and acquainted Messrs. Powell, Godfrey, Wright, Wrangham & Clark with the orders relating to them. Mr. Godfrey and Mr. Wright where desire to make up, and bring in their accounts as soon as possible, a Double Alarm being made we Adjourn’d. It proved to be for a Fleet of 8 Sail of Dutch Ships bound from Batavia for Holland. The Officer that came on shoar made so short a Stay that only the Govr. had time to write a short Letter. Wee met again in the evening finished reading of the companies instructions and orders and Adjourn’d. Ordered that the usual letter be sent to Captain Court desiring him to send on shoar such goods & merchandize as are on board his ship consigned for this place. David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Gurling At a Consultation held on Tuesday March 13 at the Castle. Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr. Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lt. Govr. Christopher Dixon 3. John Goodwin 4. of Council Matthew Gurling 5. The last consultation was read and approved. Ordered a state of everything belonging to the Honble Company to be laid before us by the proper persons as soon as possible. Counted the cash, and found the amount to be £2634.5.6½ in the following species Viz.	On that day, the Governor and Council opened the packet received from the Honourable East India Company and informed Messrs Powell, Godfrey, Wright, Wrangham and Clark of the instructions that concerned them. Mr Godfrey and Mr Wright were asked to prepare and present their accounts without delay. The meeting was then interrupted by a double alarm, which caused the members to adjourn. The disturbance was found to have been raised on account of a fleet of eight Dutch ships sailing from Batavia to Holland. The officer who came ashore from one of those vessels remained for so brief a time that only the Governor managed to write a short letter before the fleet continued its voyage. The Council reconvened later that evening to complete the reading of the Company’s new instructions and directives, after which they again adjourned. It was decided that the customary letter should be sent to Captain Court, requesting that he deliver to the shore all goods and merchandise on board his ship that were consigned to St Helena. The document was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Gurling. At the next consultation, held on Tuesday 13 March at the Castle, those same officials were present: Governor Colonel David Dunbar, Lieutenant Governor Captain Charles Hutchinson, and Councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Gurling. The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and approved. It was then directed that a full account of all property belonging to the Honourable Company should be presented to the Council by the responsible officers at the earliest opportunity. The cash in hand was counted and found to total £2634.5.6½, consisting of the following types of coinage:
6	3	7 Gubbers @6s each £2 2s 50 Venetians @10s each £25 3 Chiquins @9s each £1 7s 581 Pagodas @9s each £382 19s 1 large piece of Gold wt 11.15.14 @3.18.3 per oz £16 1s 8½d 1 small ditto wt 3.9.12 @3.18.5½ per oz £13 11s 10½d Total £471 9s 2794 Rials @1s 9½d each £67 18s 9d 3900 Half Rials @1s 3½d each £48 5s 7½d 5276½ Dollars @5s each £1269 2s 6d 3 Ducatoons @6s each £11s 8d 888 Half Dollars @2s 6d each £111 9438 Double Rials @1s 3d each £121 15s 238½ Rupees @2s 3d each £26 16s 2¼d Broken Money £7 18s 10½d Total £1624 4s 9¾d 160 Cash Notes @2s 6d each £20 260 ditto @5s each £65 146 ditto @20s each £146 144 ditto @40s each £288 Total £519 Total Amount of Cash & Cash Notes £2634 5s 6½d Upon comparing the above cash with the balance in the cash book we found a deficiency of £13 2s 6½d which stands thus: Dr. Cash Cr. To sundrys as per cash book £2651 17s 7½d By sundrys as per cash book £184 9s 6d By Ballance £2667 3s 1½d	Seven gubbers valued at six shillings each, amounting to £2 2s Fifty Venetian coins valued at ten shillings each, amounting to £25 Three chiquins valued at nine shillings each, amounting to £1 7s Five hundred and eighty-one pagodas valued at nine shillings each, amounting to £382 19s One large piece of gold weighing eleven ounces, fifteen pennyweights and fourteen grains, calculated at £3 18s 3d per ounce, amounting to £16 1s 8½d One smaller piece of gold weighing three ounces, nine pennyweights and twelve grains, valued at £3 18s 5½d per ounce, amounting to £13 11s 10½d Total value of gold coin and bullion – £471 9s Two thousand seven hundred and ninety-four rials worth one shilling nine and a half pence each, totalling £67 18s 9d Three thousand nine hundred half rials worth one shilling three and a half pence each, totalling £48 5s 7½d Five thousand two hundred and seventy-six and a half dollars valued at five shillings each, amounting to £1269 2s 6d Three ducatons worth six shillings each, totalling 11s 8d Eight hundred and eighty-eight half dollars worth two shillings sixpence each, amounting to £111 Nine thousand four hundred and thirty-eight double rials worth one shilling threepence each, amounting to £121 15s Two hundred and thirty-eight and a half rupees worth two shillings threepence each, amounting to £26 16s 2¼d Broken or fragmentary money amounting to £7 18s 10½d Total value of silver coin – £1624 4s 9¾d One hundred and sixty cash notes valued at two shillings sixpence each, totalling £20 Two hundred and sixty cash notes valued at five shillings each, totalling £65 One hundred and forty-six cash notes valued at twenty shillings each, totalling £146 One hundred and forty-four cash notes valued at forty shillings each, totalling £288 Total value of cash notes – £519 The combined total of all gold, silver, and paper currency came to £2634 5s 6½d. When this amount was compared with the balance shown in the Company’s cash book, a shortfall of £13 2s 6½d was identified. According to the records, the debit side listed various sums amounting to £2651 17s 7½d, while the credit side showed other payments of £184 9s 6d. The resulting balance was £2667 3s 1½d, showing that the actual cash held was below the recorded balance by the amount of the deficiency noted.
7	4	An Inventory of the Honble Companyes Household Furniture in the Castle and at the Plantation House and a Catalogue of Books being taken is a List of Books and Papers in the Secretaries Office are as follows Viz Household Furniture vizt 1 pr. damask Window Curtains old & good for Nothing 1 Feather Bed, 2 Blankets, Pallampore & Bedstead indifferent 2 ditto do 1 ditto and Bolster & ditto ditto 1 ditto 1 Pillow and Bolster good for little 1 pr. Silk Algar Curtains serviceable 1 Bafs Couch ditto 2 Elbow Chairs Indifferent 14 Chairs old and good for little 8 ditto Teak Frames Indifferent 3 ditto Leather Bottoms Serviceable 13 ditto Serviceable 5 ditto 2 do old and Good for little 1 small low ditto 1 large Table indifferent 1 small do good for little 2 Wainscott Tables indifferent 1 side Board do ditto 1 small Table good for little 1 old Sea do ditto 1 do Wainscott do 1 Lackquerd Stand serviceable ditto Tea Table do 1 small Mahogany Table do 1 Mahogany reading stand do 1 small Wainscott Table good for little 1 square do do ditto 1 Lackquerd Tea Table Serviceable	An inventory was taken of the Honourable Company’s household furniture kept at the Castle and the Plantation House, together with a catalogue of the books and papers held in the Secretary’s Office. The list of furniture included the following items: One pair of damask window curtains, described as old and worthless One feather bed with two blankets, a pallampore [a printed cotton coverlet], and bedstead, all in indifferent condition Two feather beds, each with matching blankets, one bolster, and bedsteads, also in indifferent condition One feather bed with one pillow and bolster, considered of little value One pair of silk algar [silk gauze] curtains, still serviceable One bass [woven cane or rush] couch, also serviceable Two elbow chairs, in fair condition Fourteen chairs, old and almost worthless Eight chairs with teak frames, in middling condition Three leather-bottomed chairs, serviceable Thirteen chairs in usable condition Five further chairs, their condition not stated Two additional old chairs, considered of little value One small low chair One large table, in middling condition One small table, of little worth Two wainscot tables, both in indifferent condition One sideboard, also indifferent One small table, in poor condition One old sea table, in similar poor state One wainscot table One lacquered stand, serviceable One lacquered tea table, also serviceable One small mahogany table, serviceable One mahogany reading stand, serviceable One small wainscot table, of little worth One square wainscot table, likewise of little worth One lacquered tea table, in good and usable order
8	5	2 Looking Glass Sconces gilt Frames wanting Noſels Serviceable 1 Large Looking Glass wallnut Tree frame Serviceable 2 Hanging Glaſses Serviceable 1 Large do gilt frame ditto 1 Chimney Glass indifferent 1 Large Glass gilt Frame Serviceable 2 do do Wallnut Tree do ditto 2 Glass Shades & Stands do 1 Parcel of Selvey Glaſses do 1 Glass Branch for Candles do 1 Spying Glass do 2 Convex Lights Serviceable 1 Eight Day Clock old 1 Large Wainscott Chest Serviceable 1 Bureau & Book Case Indifferent 2 Large Turr Chests Serviceable 1 ditto do Indifferent 1 ditto Dial Serviceable 1 Iron Chest ditto 1 Wainscott Enculure Indifferent 1 Writing Desk Serviceable 1 Old Clock 36 Leather Buckets for Engines old & good for Nothing 1 pr. Pistols Serviceable 1 pr. Scales Ballance & Weights Serviceable 1 Bale Coffee almost full 2 Old Chains for land Measuring 2 China Sconces Serviceable 1 sett China Ware ditto 2 China Soup dishes do 5 do Meat do do 20 do Plates do 2 Large China Bowls Cracked 1 China Guglet and Bason Serviceable 1 Broken Theodolite	The inventory continued with a list of additional furnishings, household equipment, and miscellaneous items held in the Castle: Two looking-glass sconces with gilt frames, lacking nozzles but still serviceable One large looking-glass in a walnut frame, serviceable Two hanging mirrors, serviceable One large hanging mirror with a gilt frame, likewise serviceable One chimney mirror in middling condition One large mirror with gilt frame, serviceable Two mirrors with walnut frames, also serviceable Two glass shades with their stands, serviceable One parcel of small serving glasses, serviceable One glass branch for holding candles, serviceable One spying glass, serviceable Two convex lights, serviceable One eight-day clock, old One large wainscot chest, serviceable One bureau with bookcase above, in fair condition Two large turr [turret-shaped] chests, serviceable One further chest of the same type, in middling condition One chest with a dial fitted to it, serviceable One iron chest, serviceable One wainscot enclosure, in indifferent condition One writing desk, serviceable One old clock Thirty-six leather fire buckets for the engines, all old and worthless One pair of pistols, serviceable One pair of scales with balance and weights, serviceable One bale of coffee, almost full Two old measuring chains for land surveying Two china sconces, serviceable One set of china ware, serviceable Two china soup dishes, serviceable Five china meat dishes, serviceable Twenty china plates, serviceable Two large china bowls, cracked One china guglet [water vessel] with basin, serviceable One broken theodolite [surveying instrument]
9	6	1 Jack old and good for Nothing 2 Grid Irons Serviceable 1 Iron Mortar and Pestle Serviceable 1 pr. old Tongs good for little 2 Racks Indifferent 1 Marble Mortar Serviceable 1 Turreen ditto 1 Old Pastry Pan good for little 2 Spitts Serviceable 1 Old fish Kettle good for little 2 Saucepans Serviceable 6 pr. Old Brass Candlesticks good for little 1 Old Cullender good for little 18 Old Petty Pans ditto 5 Pott Hangers Serviceable 1 Freefeet do 1 Old Brass ladle & Skimmer good for little 2 Copper Lamps Serviceable 10 Pewter Soup Plates Indifferent 3 Iron Potts Broke 6 Old Brass Kettles good for little 2 Hash Pans Serviceable 4 Old Pewter dishes good for little 1 Frying Pan Serviceable 12 pr. Patna Chints 2 Bed Steads Serviceable 1 Feather bed & Bolster Indifferent 1 old Tirr bed &ale good for little 1 Settie Indifferent 1 Feather Bed & Cherrinderries Curtains Serviceable 1 Bolster and Pillow do 1 Quilt good for little 1 Medicine Chest & 12 Glasses good for little 2 Blankets Serviceable 1 pr. Silk Allegars Curtains old and good for little 4 Patna Chints window Valences Serviceable 4 Striped Silk Window do old & good for little	The list of household items continued with kitchen equipment, bedding, and furnishings, describing their condition in detail: One mechanical jack for turning spits, old and worthless Two gridirons, serviceable One iron mortar and pestle, serviceable One pair of old fire tongs, of little worth Two racks, in middling condition One marble mortar, serviceable One tureen, serviceable One old pastry pan, of little worth Two spits for roasting, serviceable One old fish kettle, of little worth Two saucepans, serviceable Six pairs of old brass candlesticks, of little worth One old colander, of little worth Eighteen old petty pans [small metal pans], also of little worth Five pot hangers, serviceable One fire grate [recorded as “freefeet”], serviceable One old brass ladle and skimmer, of little worth Two copper lamps, serviceable Ten pewter soup plates, in middling condition Three iron pots, broken Six old brass kettles, of little worth Two hash pans, serviceable Four old pewter dishes, of little worth One frying pan, serviceable Twelve pairs of Patna chintz [Indian printed cotton fabric] Two bedsteads, serviceable One feather bed with bolster, in fair condition One old tick bed and ale [perhaps an abbreviation for “pillow” or bedding item], of little worth One settie [bench with back], in middling condition One feather bed with cherrinderries [chintz or patterned cotton] curtains, serviceable One bolster and pillow, likewise serviceable One quilt, of little worth One medicine chest with twelve glass containers, of little worth Two blankets, serviceable One pair of silk allegar curtains, old and of little value Four Patna chintz window valances, serviceable Four striped silk window valances, old and of little value
10	7	1 Cherrindere Window Curtains Serviceable 1 Sett Patna Chints bed do Ditto 2 pr. Window Curtains & Valence do 1 old Blanket good for little 1 old Pallampore ditto 1 Feather Bed & Bedstead Serviceable 1 Sett old Cherrindere bed Curtains good for little 1 ditto Patna Chints ditto Ditto 1 Bedstead Serviceable 1 old Feather Bed, Bolster & Quilt ditto 1 old Bedstead good for little 1 ditto Serviceable 3 old Blankets & Pallampore good for little 1 old Feather Bed, Bolster, Quilt, Blanket & Curtains good for little 8 Straw Bottom Chairs Serviceable 6 old Chairs good for little 1 easy Chair and Cushion Indifferent 1 Table Serviceable 1 Large Wainscott Table Serviceable 1 do old Tirr do good for little 1 old Small Wainscott do ditto 4 old Square Tables ditto 1 old large Wainscott Table do 1 do Oval Table do 1 Wainscott ditto Indifferent 1 Large Looking Glass gilte Frame Indifferent 1 Chimney Glass Wallnutt Tree do Serviceable 1 Pier Glass wth 1 Sconce broke 1 Glass light Broke 1 Muscovey light ditto 2 Sedan Chairs good for little 12 China Cups Serviceable 2 do Guglets & 1 Bason 6 Wine & 1 Water Glass 2 China Dishes & 2 Plates 1 Dial Serviceable	The inventory proceeded with further furnishings and household goods, describing their use and state of repair: One set of cherrindere [chintz-patterned cotton] window curtains, serviceable One set of Patna chintz bed curtains, also serviceable Two pairs of window curtains with valances, serviceable One old blanket, of little worth One old pallampore [cotton bed covering], of little worth One feather bed with bedstead, serviceable One set of old cherrindere bed curtains, of little worth One set of Patna chintz bed curtains, likewise of little worth One bedstead, serviceable One old feather bed with bolster and quilt, serviceable One old bedstead, of little worth One further bedstead, serviceable Three old blankets with a pallampore, all of little worth One old feather bed with bolster, quilt, blanket, and curtains, of little worth Eight straw-bottomed chairs, serviceable Six old chairs, of little worth One easy chair with cushion, in fair condition One table, serviceable One large wainscot table, serviceable One old table of inferior wood [recorded as “tirr”], of little worth One small old wainscot table, of little worth Four old square tables, of little worth One old large wainscot table, also of little worth One oval table, of little worth One wainscot table, in middling condition One large looking-glass with gilt frame, in fair condition One chimney mirror with walnut frame, serviceable One pier glass with one broken sconce One broken glass light One Muscovy glass light, also broken Two sedan chairs, of little worth Twelve china cups, serviceable Two china guglets [water vessels] with one basin Six wine glasses and one water glass Two china dishes and two china plates One dial clock, serviceable
11	8	2 Old Tirr Writing Desks good for little 1 Chest wth Ammunition 1 old Tirr Box wth 3 Draws ditto 1 Corner Cupboard Indifferent 1 old Bureau good for little 1 Ring Dial Serviceable a Press for garden seeds do a Paper Press do 1 old Empty Case good for little 1 Chest said to contain Soap 1 do do do Candles 2 do Fire Grates good for little 2 do Fire Shovels, 2 Tongs & 2 Pokers good for little 1 pr. Brass Candlesticks Serviceable 1 pr. Snuffers 2 Pewter Funnels Serviceable 1 do halfpint pots do 1 Grid Iron do 1 Iron Mortar and Pestle 1 do brass Mortar good for little 4 old Iron Potts do 1 Iron Kettle Serviceable 1 old Tea do good for little 1 Meat Kettle Serviceable 1 fish ditto ditto 2 Spitts ditto 1 Brass Skimmer & Ladle broke 1 Copper Lamps Serviceable 1 Iron meat fot do 1 old Jack good for little 1 Wood Axe Serviceable 1 Long Ladder ditto 1 scrubbing brush broke 2 Small Copper saucepans Indifferent 1 old Frying Pann good for little 3 old Pewter dishes ditto	The inventory then continued with further articles of household use, furniture, and equipment, with their condition carefully noted: Two old writing desks of inferior wood [recorded as “tirr”], of little worth One chest containing ammunition One old box of the same wood, fitted with three drawers, of little worth One corner cupboard, in fair condition One old bureau, of little worth One ring dial [portable sundial], serviceable One press for storing garden seeds, serviceable One paper press, serviceable One old empty case, of little worth One chest said to contain soap One chest said to contain candles Two fire grates, of little worth Two fire shovels, two pairs of tongs, and two pokers, of little worth One pair of brass candlesticks, serviceable One pair of snuffers Two pewter funnels, serviceable One pewter half-pint pot, serviceable One gridiron, serviceable One iron mortar and pestle One brass mortar, of little worth Four old iron pots, of little worth One iron kettle, serviceable One old tea kettle, of little worth One meat kettle, serviceable One fish kettle, likewise serviceable Two spits, serviceable One brass skimmer and ladle, both broken One copper lamp, serviceable One iron meat foot [trivet], serviceable One old mechanical jack, of little worth One wood axe, serviceable One long ladder, serviceable One scrubbing brush, broken Two small copper saucepans, in fair condition One old frying pan, of little worth Three old pewter dishes, likewise of little worth
12	9	1 Old Tin Cullender good for little 1 Cheese Press Serviceable 17 Old Knives & Forks good for little 1 Beef fork Serviceable 3 Iron Fenders ditto 1 Clothe Brush do 2 Old Measuring Wheels good for little 1 Selliscope Serviceable 1 Still ditto 16 pr. Blue Linnen 17 pr. Blue Stripes Plate vizt 1 Salvers 9 Salts 2 Punch Bowls 2 Butter Cups 2 Tathards 1 halfpint Mugg 3 Soop Spoons 4 Castors 1 Stand for Crewetts 15 Knives & 15 Forks ye handles covered wth a thin plate of Silver 12 do do Desert ditto 8 Silver Spoons 1 Pint Mugg 1 Coffee Pott Linnen 9 Table Cloths Sensitable 17 ditto Indifferent 14 ditto Good for little 5 Sheets Serviceable 3 pr. do Good for Little 6 pr. Pillow Beers Indifferent 5 pr. ditto Good for little 49 Napkins Serviceable 2 Towells good for Nothing 12 Napkins Do	The inventory proceeded with more items of kitchenware, instruments, plate, and household linen, each assessed for quality and usefulness: One old tin colander, of little worth One cheese press, serviceable Seventeen old knives and forks, of little worth One beef fork, serviceable Three iron fenders, serviceable One clothes brush, serviceable Two old measuring wheels, of little worth One selliscope [possibly a miswritten ‘telescope’], serviceable One still [distilling apparatus], serviceable Sixteen pairs of blue linen garments Seventeen pairs of blue striped garments Under the heading of plate, the following items were listed: One salver Nine salt cellars Two punch bowls Two butter cups Two tathards [perhaps small serving dishes] One half-pint mug Three soup spoons Four castors One stand for cruets Fifteen knives and fifteen forks, the handles covered with a thin plate of silver Twelve dessert knives and forks, also with plated handles Eight silver spoons One pint mug One coffee pot Under the heading of linen, the following were recorded: Nine tablecloths in serviceable condition Seventeen tablecloths in fair condition Fourteen tablecloths of little worth Five sheets, serviceable Three pairs of sheets, of little worth Six pairs of pillowcases [recorded as “pillow beers”], in fair condition Five pairs of pillowcases, of little worth Forty-nine napkins, serviceable Two towels, worthless Twelve napkins, likewise serviceable
13	10	Catalogue of Books vizt Shepards Statutes Jacobs Common Law Swinborn of Wills Woods Institutes Manleys Interpreter of the Words & Terms of the Common & Statute Laws Cokes Institutes of the Laws of England part of 1st Orphans Legacy Somner of Gavil kind Swinborns Treatise of Espousals or Matrimonial Contracts Chalthrop reading of Cokes Copy Holder Olemans Lawyer Herseys reading of the Statutes of Sewer An Abridgment of Statutes in 8 Volumes Scroggs of Courts Law of Ejectments Jacobs Court Keeper Infants Lawyer Killbournes Justice Jacobs Justice Barron & Leme Hales’s Common Law Taylor of Gavil kind Mariners Compass rectify’d Old Stationer Grammer The Distiller of London Nelson on Wills & Testaments Cursors Office and Duty of Executors The Acts of Tonage & Poundage &c. Shepherds Guide to Justice of Peace Belson & Gulsons Common Law Epitomized Wingates Abridgment of the Statutes Bonds Compleat guides for Justice of Peace Killbourns presidents for Justice of Peace The Office & Duty of Executors	The catalogue of books belonging to the Honourable Company contained mainly legal and practical works, reflecting the administrative and judicial responsibilities of the island’s officers. The collection included: Shepard’s Statutes Jacob’s Common Law Swinburne on Wills Wood’s Institutes Manley’s Interpreter of the Words and Terms of the Common and Statute Laws Coke’s Institutes of the Laws of England, part of the first volume Orphan’s Legacy Somner on Gavelkind [the ancient system of partible inheritance in Kent] Swinburne’s Treatise of Espousals or Matrimonial Contracts Chalthrop’s Reading on Coke’s Copyholder Oleman’s Lawyer Hersey’s Reading on the Statutes of Sewers An Abridgment of Statutes in eight volumes Scroggs on Courts The Law of Ejectments Jacob’s Court Keeper The Infant’s Lawyer Kilbourne’s Justice Jacob’s Justice Barron and Leme Hale’s Common Law Taylor on Gavelkind The Mariner’s Compass Rectified Old Stationer Grammar The Distiller of London Nelson on Wills and Testaments Cursor’s Office and Duty of Executors The Acts of Tonnage and Poundage, etc. Shepherd’s Guide to the Justice of the Peace Belson and Gulson’s Common Law Epitomised Wingate’s Abridgment of the Statutes Bond’s Complete Guide for the Justice of the Peace Kilbourne’s Precedents for the Justice of the Peace The Office and Duty of Executors
14	11	The Young Clarks Tutor MDV Provisions for the Poor Lex Londinensis Mellons Guides to Surveyer of the High Ways Hugh Lucie Blackerbys Justice of Peace Companion Shepherds Office of Clerk of the Market Biblio Theca Legum Mentons Guide for Constables &c. Justice Restored or a Guide for Justices of Peace &c. Catalogue of the Common Law & Statute Book Taylors Holy Living & Dying Richards History of England in Folio Purchests Pilgrims two Volumes do Le Grands body of Philosophy Spanish Common prayer Book The English Pilot for Orientie Navigation 2 Volumes in Folio A Large Bible in Folio Nanes History of the Republick of Venice Cowleys Works Dela Valle’s Travels B Purchests Pilgrim 3rd part Chardins Travels into Persia Lodges Translation of Josephus Do new General History of France Reflections on Mens Prejudices Mariners new Kalender Woobridges Art of Gardening Doolittles method of Catechizing Purchests Pilgrim Vol. 3d Taviss Chronicles & History of the Christian World of Physical Cures Ogleby’s History of America	The catalogue continued with a further selection of books covering legal, religious, historical, and scientific subjects, as well as works of travel and reference: The Young Clerk’s Tutor (published MDV) Provisions for the Poor Lex Londinensis [the laws and customs of London] Mellon’s Guide for Surveyors of the Highways Hugh Lucie Blackerby’s Justice of the Peace Companion Shepherd’s Office of Clerk of the Market Bibliotheca Legum [Library of the Laws] Menton’s Guide for Constables, etc. Justice Restored, or a Guide for Justices of the Peace, etc. Catalogue of the Common Law and Statute Book Taylor’s Holy Living and Dying Richard’s History of England, in folio Purchas’s Pilgrims, two volumes, in folio Le Grand’s Body of Philosophy A Spanish Common Prayer Book The English Pilot for Oriental Navigation, two volumes, in folio A large Bible, in folio Nani’s History of the Republic of Venice Cowley’s Works Della Valle’s Travels, volume B Purchas’s Pilgrims, third part Chardin’s Travels into Persia Lodge’s Translation of Josephus A New General History of France Reflections on Men’s Prejudices The Mariner’s New Calendar Woodbridge’s Art of Gardening Doolittle’s Method of Catechising Purchas’s Pilgrims, volume three Taviss’s Chronicles and History of the Christian World A Treatise of Physical Cures Ogilby’s History of America
15	12	Inventory of Books and Papers in the Secretarys Office taken the 12th of March 1743 Vizt Consultation Books No 1 to 21 New Register Books Register of Wills Copy Consultations 2 old printed Law Books 1 Chaplains Register very much damaged 1 old Register of Laws very much damaged An old Journal of Ship Winsham Coppys of Indictments 1 Church Book very old Provisions from Plantation No 9 1 small Cartridge Paper covered Book containing Aloverys Licences Contents of the Books of Laws 1 old Book Titled Laws and Constitutions for the good Government of ye Island 12 Letter Books some of which very much damaged 1 Book Titled Laws and Constitutions of St. Helena New Lease Book Instruction Book for Officers New Register Books Law Book 2 old Ledgers very much damaged Inventorys Vizt Inventory of the Estate of John Young Do Joseph Hayes Do Eleacount Sales of Sam Fazzakerly Esq. Inventory of the Estate of Joseph Hayes the Revd. Francis Barlow William Seale Joseph Luphin	An inventory was made on 12 March 1743 of the books and papers held in the Secretary’s Office on St Helena. It listed the following: Consultation Books numbered 1 to 21 New Register Books Register of Wills Copy Consultations Two old printed law books One chaplain’s register, very badly damaged One old register of laws, also in poor condition An old journal of the ship Winsham Copies of indictments One church book, very old A record titled Provisions from Plantation No. 9 One small book covered in cartridge paper containing the licences granted to persons named Alovery A document describing the contents of the Books of Laws One old book titled Laws and Constitutions for the Good Government of the Island Twelve letter books, some very badly damaged One book titled Laws and Constitutions of St Helena A new lease book An instruction book for officers New register books A law book Two old ledgers, both very badly damaged The section titled “Inventories” listed: An inventory of the estate of John Young An inventory of the estate of Joseph Hayes An account titled Eleacount Sales belonging to Samuel Fazzakerley, Esquire A further inventory of the estate of Joseph Hayes An inventory of the property of the Reverend Francis Barlow An inventory of the estate of William Seale An inventory of the estate of Joseph Luphin
16	13	Inventory of the Estate of Richard Seck Do Simon Whaley Do James Gwentree Do Richard Mills Do Benjace Pyke Do Thomas Harper Do Robinsons Orphans Do Samuel Jefsey Do Robinson Eldered Do Thomas Hodgkinson Do James Homes Do James Draper Do Sarah Free Do Henry Edwards Do Edmund Nichols Do William Stanley Do Henry Welch Do Rich: Gurleing Inventory of the Estate of John Bazett Do Charles Clarke Surgeon Do William Mercer Do George White Do John Harding Do Richard Scadlow Do Richard Burnham Do Charles Steward Senr. Do Francis Servest Do Elizabeth Marsh Do Eleacount Sales of Grace Colson Inventory of Edward Harvey Do Patton Selfe Do Martha Francis Do John Crupe Do John Swaits Do Stephen Welch Do Giles Hayes Do John Long Do William Boman Do John Boman Do Daniel Griffith Do James Clifford Do Gabriel & Mary Powell Do Gabriel Powell Do Stephen Coast Fledges Do Stancia Seck Do Mary Powell Do Francis Seale Do Joseph Harding Do James Ryder Do John Bazett Do Robert Garling	The list continued with a long series of inventories recorded in the Secretary’s Office, detailing the estates and effects of deceased or absent inhabitants of St Helena. The entries read as follows: Inventory of the estate of Richard Seck Inventory of the estate of Simon Whaley Inventory of the estate of James Gwentree Inventory of the estate of Richard Mills Inventory of the estate of Benjace Pyke Inventory of the estate of Thomas Harper Inventory of the property of Robinson’s orphans Inventory of the estate of Samuel Jefsey Inventory of the estate of Robinson Eldered Inventory of the estate of Thomas Hodgkinson Inventory of the estate of James Homes Inventory of the estate of James Draper Inventory of the estate of Sarah Free Inventory of the estate of Henry Edwards Inventory of the estate of Edmund Nichols Inventory of the estate of William Stanley Inventory of the estate of Henry Welch Inventory of the estate of Richard Gurleing Inventory of the estate of John Bazett Inventory of the estate of Charles Clarke, surgeon Inventory of the estate of William Mercer Inventory of the estate of George White Inventory of the estate of John Harding Inventory of the estate of Richard Scadlow Inventory of the estate of Richard Burnham Inventory of the estate of Charles Steward senior Inventory of the estate of Francis Servest Inventory of the estate of Elizabeth Marsh Account of sales belonging to the estate of Grace Colson Inventory of the estate of Edward Harvey Inventory of the estate of Patton Selfe Inventory of the estate of Martha Francis Inventory of the estate of John Crupe Inventory of the estate of John Swaits Inventory of the estate of Stephen Welch Inventory of the estate of Giles Hayes Inventory of the estate of John Long Inventory of the estate of William Boman Inventory of the estate of John Boman Inventory of the estate of Daniel Griffith Inventory of the estate of James Clifford Inventory of the estate of Gabriel and Mary Powell Inventory of the estate of Gabriel Powell Inventory of the estate of Stephen Coast Fledges Inventory of the estate of Stancia Seck Inventory of the estate of Mary Powell Inventory of the estate of Francis Seale Inventory of the estate of Joseph Harding Inventory of the estate of James Ryder Inventory of the estate of John Bazett Inventory of the estate of Robert Garling
17	14	Last Will & Testament of William Seale &c. Do Benjace Pyke Do Charles Sterling Do Jane Greentree Do Demeric Nichols Do John Bagley Do Robert Wellington Do William Grad Do Gabriel Powell Do John Harding Do Martha Robinson Do Thomas Free Do James Holmes Do Richard Harding Do Arthur Bradley Do Richard Scadlow Do George Hodgkinson Do Henry Francis Do Grace Colson Do William Lee Do Thomas Hodgkinson Do Stephen Edward Do Bridgett Bates Do George White Do Michael Overton Do Sutton Sealy Do Thomas Harper Do Henry Edward Do Henry Welch Do William Stanley Do Solomon Parting Do Martha Francis Do John Young Last Will & Testament of Ann Naughton Do Samuel Jefsey Do Edmund Nichols Do John Crupe Do John Morralle Do Edward Harvey Do William Cottley Do Daniel Griffith Do Mary Powell Do Joseph Harding Do Richard Mills Do Suprin Wilks Do Frances Seale Do Francis Seck Do James Bradford Do Richard Garling Do James Harding Do A Codicil to the Will of Frances Barne Do Thomas Easton Do Isaac Blood Do Simon Whaley Do John Seale Do Margarett Bagley Do John Garling Do John Bazett Do Eliz. Greentree Do James Draper Do Charles Steward Do Mary Howard Do Thomas Bazett Do Eliz. Gurling Do James Draper Do Stephen Luffman	The record then continued with a register of wills preserved in the Secretary’s Office, showing the extent of testamentary documents held for both Company servants and private inhabitants of St Helena. The list read as follows: Last will and testament of William Seale Last will and testament of Benjace Pyke Last will and testament of Charles Sterling Last will and testament of Jane Greentree Last will and testament of Demeric Nichols Last will and testament of John Bagley Last will and testament of Robert Wellington Last will and testament of William Grad Last will and testament of Gabriel Powell Last will and testament of John Harding Last will and testament of Martha Robinson Last will and testament of Thomas Free Last will and testament of James Holmes Last will and testament of Richard Harding Last will and testament of Arthur Bradley Last will and testament of Richard Scadlow Last will and testament of George Hodgkinson Last will and testament of Henry Francis Last will and testament of Grace Colson Last will and testament of William Lee Last will and testament of Thomas Hodgkinson Last will and testament of Stephen Edward Last will and testament of Bridgett Bates Last will and testament of George White Last will and testament of Michael Overton Last will and testament of Sutton Sealy Last will and testament of Thomas Harper Last will and testament of Henry Edward Last will and testament of Henry Welch Last will and testament of William Stanley Last will and testament of Solomon Parting Last will and testament of Martha Francis Last will and testament of John Young Last will and testament of Ann Naughton Last will and testament of Samuel Jefsey Last will and testament of Edmund Nichols Last will and testament of John Crupe Last will and testament of John Morralle Last will and testament of Edward Harvey Last will and testament of William Cottley Last will and testament of Daniel Griffith Last will and testament of Mary Powell Last will and testament of Joseph Harding Last will and testament of Richard Mills Last will and testament of Suprin Wilks Last will and testament of Frances Seale Last will and testament of Francis Seck Last will and testament of James Bradford Last will and testament of Richard Garling Last will and testament of James Harding A codicil to the will of Frances Barne Last will and testament of Thomas Easton Last will and testament of Isaac Blood Last will and testament of Simon Whaley Last will and testament of John Seale Last will and testament of Margarett Bagley Last will and testament of John Garling Last will and testament of John Bazett Last will and testament of Elizabeth Greentree Last will and testament of James Draper Last will and testament of Charles Steward Last will and testament of Mary Howard Last will and testament of Thomas Bazett Last will and testament of Elizabeth Gurling Last will and testament of James Draper Last will and testament of Stephen Luffman
18	15	Last Will & Testament & Codicil to the Will of Charles Clarke Do William Simpson Do John Bradley Do William Seale Report: Gunners Stores	The record concluded this section of testamentary documents with the following entries: Last will and testament, together with a codicil, of Charles Clarke Last will and testament of William Simpson Last will and testament of John Bradley Last will and testament of William Seale Following the register of wills, the documents proceeded to a new subject headed “Report: Gunners’ Stores”, indicating the beginning of a detailed account concerning the state of the Company’s ordnance supplies and related equipment maintained on St Helena.
19	16	[...] Rammer Heads 378 Hatchets 1 Bolts 13 Iron Staves 16 Bouge Barrells 33 Nature of Guns Demi Cannons 16 24 Pounders 9 Whole Culvering 13 12 Pounders 6 Demi Culvering 51 6 Pounders 21 4 Pounders 20 Total 129 Nature of Guns 129 3 Pounders 3 2 Pounders 28 1 Pounders 12 ½ Pounders 14 Total 186 Nature of Shott Demi Cannon 717 Whole Culvering 502 24 Pounders 86 12 Pounders 499 Demi Culvering [...] 6 Pounders 453 Total 4877 Nature of Shott 4877 4 Pounders [...] 3 Pounders 161 2 Pounders 333 1 Pounders 225 ½ Pounders 296 Total 6233 Barr Shott Demi Cannon 92 18 Pounders [...] 9 Pounders 396 Total 912 List of the Honourable Companys Slaves with their Ages and Employments taken the 12th March 1744 viz Employments Men Stone-layers who also work at ye Smiths Ned - 50 Simon - 51 Cemona - 26 Domingo - [...] Jack - [...] Blacksmith Blackstrich - 29 Sawyer Purling - 36 Cook Jansey - 41 Taylor Davies - 43 Tanner Harvy - 17 Butcher Frank - 23 Gardner at ye Fort Sam - 61 Assistants to the Gardener in the Country Tomhouse - 12 Harvy - 37 Sobey - 22 Fishermen Leander - 46 Francisco - 51 Milkmen & to be always about the Pastures and Fences Mack Ed - 59 Toney - 24 Employments Men In one of ye Teak Pasture Plato - 34 In one of ye young wood Narcuse - 27 With the Stone Blaster Cloice - 41 Joe - 18 In the Fort Plantation Leo - 48 June - 38 In the several Plantations of Sandy Bay Pickens Frank - 55 Cato - 28 Benjao - 30 Islington - 44 Jupiter - 51 Jack Guinea - 23 Martin - 21 Roger - 22 Thunder - 25 Nasaw - 20 Aron - 21 Sydney - 23 Sharrigraft - 21 Mushobo - 23 Flatchoke - 22 These are Blacks belonging to Sloop and Employ'd at the Several Plantations at Plantation House and for current Business	Ordnance stores: Rammer heads, 378 Hatchets, 1 Bolts, 13 Field staves, 16 Rouge barrels, 33 Nature of guns 3 pounders, 3 2 pounders, 28 1 pounders, 12 half pounders, 14 Total, 186 Nature of guns Demi cannons, 16 24 pounders, 9 Whole culverins, 13 12 pounders, 6 Demi culverins, 51 6 pounders, 21 4 pounders, 20 Total, 129 Nature of shot Demi cannon, 917 Whole culverin, 502 24 pounders, 86 12 pounders, 479 Demi culverin, 2246 6 pounders, 153 Nature of shot 4 pounders, [...] 3 pounders, 161 2 pounders, 333 1 pounders, 225 half pounders, 296 Total, 6233 Bar shot Demi cannon, 92 18 pounders, [...] 9 pounders, 396 Total, 712 List of the Honourable Company's slaves with their ages and employments, taken the 12th of March 1744, viz: Storekeeper's help, who work at the justice's: Ned, 30 Storekeeper's help, who work at the justice's: Simon, 51 Storekeeper's help, who work at the justice's: Cumona, 46 Storekeeper's help, who work at the justice's: Wingo, [...] Blacksmith: Jack, [...] Blacksmith: Blackstick, 39 Sawyer: Dulling, 47 Cook: Jamduor, 36 Taylor: Jamsey, 41 Tanner: Davies, 43 Butcher: Harvy, 17 Gardener at the fort: Frank, 23 Assistants to the gardener in the country: Sam, 61 Assistants to the gardener in the country: Jonchouse, [...] Assistants to the gardener in the country: Harvy, 12 Assistants to the gardener in the country: Sobey, 37 Fishermen: Leander, 22 Fishermen: Francisco, 46 Milkmen, and to be always about the pastures and fences: Mack Elt, 51 Milkmen, and to be always about the pastures and fences: Toney, 59 In one of the teak nurseries: Plato, 34 In one of the young woods: Marcuse, 27 With the stone blaster: Clorice, 41 With the stone blaster: Joe, 18 In the fort plantation: Leo, 45 In the fort plantation: June, 38 In the several plantations at Sandy Bay: Frank, 55 In the several plantations at Sandy Bay: Cato, 28 In the several plantations at Sandy Bay: Benjoe, 30 In the several plantations at Sandy Bay: Islington, 44 In the several plantations at Sandy Bay: Jupeter, 51 In the several plantations at Sandy Bay: Jack Guma, 23 These are blacks chiefly employed at the several plantations at Plantation House and current business: Martin, 21 These are blacks chiefly employed at the several plantations at Plantation House and current business: Roger, 22 These are blacks chiefly employed at the several plantations at Plantation House and current business: Thunder, 25 These are blacks chiefly employed at the several plantations at Plantation House and current business: Nasaw, 20 These are blacks chiefly employed at the several plantations at Plantation House and current business: Aron, 21 These are blacks chiefly employed at the several plantations at Plantation House and current business: Sidney, 23 These are blacks chiefly employed at the several plantations at Plantation House and current business: [...], 21 These are blacks chiefly employed at the several plantations at Plantation House and current business: [...], 23 These are blacks chiefly employed at the several plantations at Plantation House and current business: [...], 22
20	17	Employments Men At the Several Plantations at Plantation House &c. current Business & from hence downwards ye Blacks off Swift Sloop Charles - 40 Toromeus - 38 Billy - 24 Wilk - 22 Adam - 27 Frank - 55 Blackwall - 24 Mifus - 23 Stone - 20 Simeo - 23 Hannaball - 20 Jack Cook - 25 Gingebrud - 23 Ivory - 21 Caleb - 40 May - 28 Cesar - 41 Dolch - 41 Robin - 34 Morris - 22 from hence downwards ye Swift Sloop Solomon - 21 Spey - 25 Lucas - 24 Drake - 21 Woodford - 20 Hammell - 25 Jones - 20 Jonas - 20 Lavis - 27 January - 23 February - 92 James - 20 July - 28 Tuesday - 26 Pompey - 20 Fontane - 24 Andrew - 23 Stanley - 22 Boston - 20 Josaw - 21 Employments Men Employed as Labourers at the Fortifications March - 23 July - 99 Monday - 20 August - 21 Money - 30 Chatham - 18 Matthis - 38 Mimp - 36 Servants Cook Superannuated Hercules - 25 Malachis - 21 Efox - 20 April - 21 March - 23 July - 99 Monday - 20 August - 21 Money - 30 Chatham - 18 Matthis - 38 Mimp - 36 Jonty - 61 Hector - 61 Jonmy - 61 Mingo - 68 Manwoo - 34 Jeffery - 36 Dick - 36 Harry - 60 Boys 1 Boy Smith Jack Depence - 18 Carpenter Daniel - 16 Cooper Charles - 15 Assistants in the Garden George - 18 St Kenthorn - 13 Serving to Sich Harry - 17 Frank - 13 Warning in ye Plantations from hence downwards of Swift Sloop Mingo - 16 Narpo - 16 Nephton - 19 Master - 12 Roger - 12 Monday - 11 Wednesday - 14 Tobey - 12 Peirl - 13 In looking after Victuals Jack - 15 Iber - 23 Jacob - 20 James - 10 Jack - 16	At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Charles, 40 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Teveresus, 38 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Billy, 24 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Wilk, 22 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Adam, 27 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Frank, 55 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Blackwall, 24 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: [...], 23 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Sime, 20 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Simeo, 23 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Hannaball, 20 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Jack Cook, 25 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Gingerbread, 23 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: [...], 21 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Caleb, 40 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: May, 28 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Cesar, 41 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Dutch, 41 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Robin, 34 At the several plantations at Plantation House and current business, and from here downwards the blacks of the Swift sloop: Morris, 22 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Solomon, 21 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Spey, 25 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Lucas, 24 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Drake, 21 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Woodford, 20 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Hammett, 25 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: James, 20 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Jonas, 20 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Lavis, 27 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: January, 23 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: February, [...] Employed as labourers at the fortifications: James, 20 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: July, 28 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: Tuesday, 26 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: Pompey, 20 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: Fontaine, 24 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: Andrew, 23 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: Stanley, 22 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: Boston, 20 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: Josau, 21 [...]: Hercules, 25 [...]: Malachy, 21 [...]: Isaac, 20 [...]: [...], 21 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: March, 23 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: July, [...] Employed as labourers at the fortifications: Monday, 20 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: August, 21 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: Money, 30 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: Chatham, 18 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: Matthias, 38 Employed as labourers at the fortifications: [...], 56 Servants: [...], 61 Cook: Hector, 61 Cook: Jenny, 61 Cook: Mingo, 68 Superannuated: [...], 34 Superannuated: Jeffery, 36 Superannuated: Dick, 36 Superannuated: Harry, 60 Boys Smith: Jack Defonce, 18 Carpenter: Daniel, 16 Cooper: Charles, 15 Assistants in the garden: George, 18 Assistants in the garden: Blackthorn, 13 Waiting to fish: Harry, 19 Waiting to fish: Frank, 13 [...]: Mingo, 16 [...]: [...], 16 [...]: Nephew, 19 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Master, 12 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Roger, 12 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Monday, 11 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Wednesday, 14 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Toby, 12 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: [...], 13 In looking after victuals: [...], 23 In looking after victuals: Jacob, 23 In looking after victuals: James, 10 In looking after victuals: [...], 16
21	18	Employments Boys Employed at ye Fortifications & from hence downwards of Swift Sloop George - 14 Tomswells - 12 Rowland - 18 Standerbog - 12 Jack Swells - 11 Bonn - 13 Cesar - 11 Fetch game for old Slaves Ballow - 16 Gnewon - 16 Servants in the House Alley - 13 Charles - 10 Joe - 8 By Swift Sloop Shellow - 12 Sam - 13 Harvy - 6 George - 6 Robin - 6 Children no where Employed Will - 3 Jack - 1 Frank - 1 Jack - [...] Women Children no where Employed Sarah Sun - 47 Nanny Jack - 26 Sarah Mercury - 21 Washerwoman Dairy Maid Sebeus - 61 Nurse to the Hospitall Mercy Boston - 48 Nurse to the Sick Slaves Talk In the Garden Nanny - 27 In each of ye Plantation House &c Doy Morris - 25 To Cheese Poultry at Sundry Places Mary Sarah - 31 Agnes - 46 Betty Yate - 27 Moll - 29 Ingylence - 26 Susanna - 29 Employments Women Servants in the House Mary Ramez - 49 Betty Jenny - 51 Peggy - 22 Beazee - 61 Abigale - 61 Superannuated Margarett - 56 Sarah - 71 Girls Learning in the Dairy Betty Sim - 13 Sarah - 10 Ruth - 11 Sarah - 11 Rebecca - 8 Betty - 7 Betty - 5 Betty - 6 Mary - 4 Nanny - 4 Lucey - 3 Mise - 1 Peg - 3 Nanney - 2 Betty - 3 Betty - 5 Grace - 2 Mary - 1 Cato - [...] Mary - [...] Mary - [...]	Boys Employed at the fortifications: George, 14 Employed at the fortifications: Tomawis, 12 Employed at the fortifications: Rowland, 18 Employed at the fortifications: Standerloy, 12 Employed at the fortifications: Jackworth, 11 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Bonn, 13 From here downwards of the Swift sloop: Cesar, 11 Fetch game for old slaves: Ballow, 16 Fetch game for old slaves: [...], 16 [...]: Alley, 13 Servants in the house: Charles, 10 Of the Swift sloop: Joe, 8 Of the Swift sloop: Shelloe, 12 Of the Swift sloop: Sam, 13 Of the Swift sloop: Harvy, 6 Of the Swift sloop: George, 6 Of the Swift sloop: Robin, 6 Children nowhere employed: Will, 3 Children nowhere employed: Jack, 1 Children nowhere employed: Frank, [...] Children nowhere employed: Jack, [...] Women Washerwomen: Sarah Ann, 47 Washerwomen: Nanny Jack, 26 Washerwomen: Sarah Mercury, 21 Dairy maid: Rebecca, 61 Nurse to the hospital: Mercy Borden, 48 Nurse to the sick slaves: [...], 24 In the garden: Nanny, 27 In care of the Plantation House and the nurse: Mary Search, 25 In care of the Plantation House and the nurse: Mary Search, 31 In care of the Plantation House and the nurse: Agnes, 46 To chase poultry at sundry places: Betty Yate, 27 To chase poultry at sundry places: Moll, 29 To chase poultry at sundry places: [...], 26 To chase poultry at sundry places: Susanna, 29 Servants in the house: Mary Harnes, 49 Servants in the house: Jenny Jasey, 34 Servants in the house: Peg, 92 Servants in the house: Beazee, 61 Superannuated: Abigail, 61 Superannuated: Margarett, 56 Superannuated: Sarah, 71 Girls Learning in the dairy: Betty Ann, 13 Learning in the dairy: Sarah, 10 Learning in the dairy: Ruth, 11 Learning in the dairy: Sarah, 11 Learning in the dairy: Rebecca, 8 Learning in the dairy: Betty, 7 Learning in the dairy: Betty, 5 Learning in the dairy: Betty, 6 Learning in the dairy: Mary, 4 Learning in the dairy: Nanny, 4 Learning in the dairy: Lucey, 3 Children nowhere employed: Alice, 4 Children nowhere employed: Peg, 3 Children nowhere employed: Nanney, 2 Children nowhere employed: Betty, 3 Children nowhere employed: Betty, 5 Children nowhere employed: Grace, 2 Children nowhere employed: Mary, 1 Children nowhere employed: Cuffe, [...] Children nowhere employed: Mary, [...] Children nowhere employed: Mary, [...]
22	19	Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c. for the Month of February & to the 11th day of March 1744 viz. Neat Cattle: Bullocks, Cows, Heffers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total Sheep: Ewes, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total Goats: Does, Weathers, Kidds, Rams, Total Hoggs: Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Pigs, Boares, Total Poultry: Turkeys, Fowles, Ducks, Geese Horses: Horses, Mares, Total Remaining 1st February: Bullocks 27, Cows 100, Heffers 34, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 99, Bulls 6, Total 323, Ewes 90, Weathers 20, Lambs 29, Rams 3, Total 142, Does 137, Weathers 28, Kidds 78, Rams 3, Total 246, Sows 20, Barrows 11, Shoats 17, Pigs 62, Boares 2, Total 112, Turkeys 65, Fowles 171, Ducks 39, Geese 7, Horses 8, Mares 8, Total 16 Increased in Do & to 11 March: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 8, Bulls 0, Total 8, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 18, Rams 0, Total 18, Does 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 0, Boares 0, Total 0, Turkeys 15, Fowles 30, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 27, Cows 100, Heffers 34, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 107, Bulls 6, Total 331, Ewes 90, Weathers 20, Lambs 47, Rams 3, Total 160, Does 137, Weathers 28, Kidds 78, Rams 3, Total 246, Sows 20, Barrows 11, Shoats 17, Pigs 62, Boares 2, Total 112, Turkeys 80, Fowles 201, Ducks 39, Geese 7, Horses 8, Mares 8, Total 16 Killed in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 1, Heffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 1, Ewes 0, Weathers 2, Lambs 3, Rams 0, Total 5, Does 2, Weathers 6, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 8, Sows 1, Barrows 0, Shoats 3, Pigs 3, Boares 0, Total 10, Turkeys 2, Fowles 45, Ducks 1, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Died in Do: Bullocks 27, Cows 100, Heffers 33, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 107, Bulls 6, Total 330, Ewes 88, Weathers 17, Lambs 17, Rams 3, Total 155, Does 135, Weathers 22, Kidds 78, Rams 3, Total 238, Sows 19, Barrows 8, Shoats 14, Pigs 59, Boares 2, Total 102, Turkeys 78, Fowles 156, Ducks 38, Geese 7, Horses 8, Mares 8, Total 16 Remaining 11th March: Bullocks 27, Cows 100, Heffers 33, Steers 26, Yearlings 31, Calves 109, Bulls 6, Total 330, Ewes 87, Weathers 16, Lambs 17, Rams 3, Total 153, Does 135, Weathers 22, Kidds 78, Rams 3, Total 238, Sows 19, Barrows 8, Shoats 14, Pigs 57, Boares 2, Total 100, Turkeys 78, Fowles 156, Ducks 36, Geese 7, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling Yams Expended at the Several Plantations£ 1000 One Woman Slave died the 12th named Mercy Rich One Girl Born the 1st March named Mary 220lb Measley Pork given to the Blacks 230lb Beef Expended 250lb Pork Do Signed Geo. Powell Husb.	An account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses, for the month of February and to 11 March 1744: Remaining 1 February: neat cattle - bullocks 27, cows 100, heifers 34, steers 26, yearlings 31, calves 99, bulls 6, total 323 Remaining 1 February: sheep - ewes 90, wethers 20, lambs 29, rams 3, total 142 Remaining 1 February: goats - does 137, wethers 28, kids 78, rams 3, total 246 Remaining 1 February: hogs - sows 20, [...] 11, [...] 17, [...] 62, [...] 2, total 112 Remaining 1 February: poultry - turkeys 65, fowls 171, ducks 39, geese 7 Remaining 1 February: horses - horses 8, mares 8, total 16 Increased to 11 March: neat cattle - calves 8, total 8 Increased to 11 March: sheep - lambs 18, total 18 Increased to 11 March: poultry - turkeys 15, fowls 30 Running total to 11 March: neat cattle - bullocks 27, cows 100, heifers 34, steers 26, yearlings 31, calves 107, bulls 6, total 331 Running total to 11 March: sheep - ewes 90, wethers 20, lambs 47, rams 3, total 160 Running total to 11 March: goats - does 137, wethers 28, kids 78, rams 3, total 246 Running total to 11 March: hogs - sows 20, [...] 11, [...] 17, [...] 62, [...] 2, total 112 Running total to 11 March: poultry - turkeys 80, fowls 201, ducks 39, geese 7 Running total to 11 March: horses - horses 8, mares 8, total 16 Killed to 11 March: neat cattle - calves 1, total 1 Killed to 11 March: sheep - wethers 2, lambs 3, total 5 Killed to 11 March: goats - wethers 2, kids 6, total 8 Killed to 11 March: hogs - [...] 1, [...] 3, [...] 3, total 10 Killed to 11 March: poultry - turkeys 2, fowls 45, ducks 1 Died to 11 March: sheep - ewes 1, wethers 1, total 2 Died to 11 March: hogs - [...] 2, total 2 Died to 11 March: poultry - fowls 2, ducks 2 Died to 11 March: horses - horses 1, total 1 Remaining 11 March: neat cattle - bullocks 27, cows 100, heifers 33, steers 26, yearlings 31, calves 107, bulls 6, total 330 Remaining 11 March: sheep - ewes 87, wethers 16, lambs 17, rams 3, total 153 Remaining 11 March: goats - does 135, wethers 22, kids 78, rams 3, total 238 Remaining 11 March: hogs - sows 19, [...] 8, [...] 14, [...] 57, [...] 2, total 100 Remaining 11 March: poultry - turkeys 78, fowls 156, ducks 36, geese 7 Remaining 11 March: horses - horses 7, mares 8, total 15 Yams expended at the several plantations came to 4,000 lb. A woman slave named Mercy Rich died on 12 February. A girl named Mary was born on 1 March. The blacks were given 220 lb of measly pork, and 230 lb of beef and 250 lb of pork were expended. The account was signed by George Gabriel Powell as husbandman, and by Governor David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. Interpretations The neat cattle count opened February at 330 head, matching the closing figure of 330 recorded for 11 March in this same account and continuing directly from the 323 head closed in January 1744, the small rise coming entirely from eight calves born rather than any purchase, so the herd's composition remained essentially settled across the two months. The 220 lb of measly pork given to the blacks stands apart from the 250 lb of pork expended at the general table. Measly pork was meat visibly infected with the cystic parasite that gives pork measles its name, unfit by contemporary English standards for a gentleman's table but not thrown away. Its separate listing here, alongside the ordinary pork issued at the table, shows the Company routing diseased meat deliberately to the enslaved workforce rather than destroying it, a distinction in diet that tracked status rather than any judgement that the meat was safe to eat. The yams expended, 4,000 lb across the plantations for the whole account, mark a sharp fall against the tens of thousands of pounds recorded in every comparable month in the reference: 30,000 lb in October 1743, 38,000 lb in December 1741 and 29,000 lb in April 1742. Coming in the height of the island's summer rather than its planting season, this scale of shortfall points to the plantations again failing to yield, echoing the shortage Samuel Doveton had reported in 1742, rather than to any fall in the number of mouths to feed, since the stock and slave establishment shown on this same page had not shrunk to match.
23	20	At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 14th March 1743 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Captain Charles Hutchinson 1st Lieu. Gov. Christopher Dixon 3 of Council John Goodwin 4 of Council Matthew Purling 5 of Council The last Consultation was read and Approved Began this Morning to take an Account of the Stores and directed the Storehouses to be repaired being in a very bad Condition The Honourable Companys Commission Constituting Colonel Dunbar Governour and Captain Hutchinson Lieutenant Gov. were Published in the usual form Published an Order to dismiss the Planters Blacks Imployed at the Fortifications, and recalled the Soldiers that were likewise at work upon them - An Order against Selling Spirituous Liquors but by such as were Licenced David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	The council met at the castle on Wednesday 19 March 1744. Governor David Dunbar presided, with Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor and Dixon, Goodwin and Purling seated as the third, fourth and fifth of council. The council read and approved the record of the previous meeting. The council set about counting the Company's stores that morning. It found the storehouses in very poor condition and ordered them repaired. The council published the Company's commission confirming the Governor and Hutchinson in their offices, following the usual form. The council also published an order dismissing the planters' slaves from the fortification works and recalling the soldiers who had been labouring there alongside them. A further order forbade the sale of spirituous liquors by anyone without a licence. Interpretations The storehouses' poor state adds to a wider picture of neglected buildings left by the outgoing administration. The council had reported the Company's black houses similarly decayed only seven weeks earlier, on 31 January 1744, judging some scarcely fit to lodge slaves in. A new Governor's first business being an inventory of the stores was itself the ordinary routine of taking over command, but the condition he found points to how far routine upkeep had lapsed during Powell's year as Deputy Governor. Speculations Dismissing the planters' slaves from the fortification works and recalling the soldiers marked a reversal, not a continuation, of the labour policy the council had pursued at Rupert's for months, the paymaster having accounted for blacks' and soldiers' labour there as recently as January 1744. Ordering it within days of landing, before even completing the promised account of the stores, suggests Dunbar judged the works a drain on manpower he was not yet ready to continue, rather than a project to carry on where his predecessor had left it.
24	21	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 20th March 1744 at the Castle. Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Captain Charles Hutchinson Lieu. Gov. Christopher Dixon 3d of Council John Goodwin 4th of Council Matthew Purling 5 of Council The last Consultation was read and approved The Cash not being Sufficient to answer the Demands of the Ensuing Year as we find upon a Computation, we agreed to add for one of the Chests of Treasure from on board the Caesar Captain Court The Allarm House, Hospitall, Soldiers Barracks, and the Houses for the Slaves having been Viewed, and found to be much out of repair, Agreed that they should be put in Order Immediately Goods bought of Captain Court for the Use of the General Table, the Price and quantity Agreed upon as follows viz Butter 7 Firkins at 63/ pr £22 . 1 . [...] Cheese 230 1/ pr £11 . 10 . [...] Capers 2 bottles 10/ ea £1 . [...] . [...] Raisons & Currents 112 1/ pr £5 . 12 . [...] £40 . 3 . [...] Deals 423 at £13 [...] £20 bought for the use of £52 . 17 . 6 the Honble Company there not being any remaining in the Store £93 . [...] . 6	The council met at the castle on Tuesday 20 March 1744. Governor David Dunbar presided, with Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor and Dixon, Goodwin and Purling seated as the third, fourth and fifth of council. The council read and approved the record of the previous meeting. Finding upon computation that the cash in hand would not answer the year's demands, the council agreed to bring ashore one of the chests of treasure carried aboard the Caesar, Captain Court. It had viewed the alarm house, the hospital, the soldiers' barracks and the slaves' houses and found them all much out of repair, and ordered every one put in order at once. The council also agreed the price and quantity of goods bought of Captain Court for the general table: Butter, 7 firkins at 63s each, £22 1s 0d Cheese, 230 lb at 1s each, £11 10s 0d Capers, 2 bottles at 10s each, £1 0s 0d Raisins and currants, 112 lb at 1s each, £5 12s 0d Total, £40 3s 0d It bought 423 deals from the same ship for the Company's own use, none remaining in the stores, at a rate the record does not give clearly, coming to £52 17s 6d, which brought the combined total to £93 0s 6d. Interpretations Naming Captain Court here fills a gap left by the arrival record of 11 March 1744, which named the Caesar and her passengers but not her commander. Drawing on a chest of treasure carried aboard a Company ship was a recognised way for a governor to cover a shortfall against the year's demands without waiting for a fresh remittance from London, the specie travelling as cargo under the captain's charge until called for ashore. That the council did this in the same sitting in which it bought butter, cheese, capers and raisins for the table, rather than deferring such purchases, shows the shortfall as a mismatch between cash on hand and the year's running costs rather than any inability to spend once the ship's treasure was unlocked. Speculations Having just declared the cash insufficient for the year ahead, the council might have held off further spending until the position was clearer. Instead it used the same sitting to buy provisions and timber from the very ship whose treasure chest it had voted to bring ashore, suggesting the new Governor moved at once to resupply the table and stores from the ship in port rather than practise the economy his own computation seemed to call for.
25	22	Licenced Six Persons, who Petitioned, to keep Publick Houses upon the Usual Terms. The following Petition was Presented and read Viz. To the Honourable Governour and Council The Humble Petition of John Cristophell Sheweth, That Your Petitioner hath been on this Said Island the Term of three Years the Sixteenth of December last past, which was the full Term of Years of my Entrance, and which Term of Years being Expired am very willing to serve the Honourable East India Company for the Term of five Years Ensuing again, humbly begging that Your Honours will be pleased to allow me the Honourable Companys bounty Money for Entrance. And your Petitioner will ever Pray. The Petitioner being in all Respects a very good Man as we are Informed, Agreed, upon his Consenting to serve the Company five Years longer from this day as a Soldier here, to give him two Guineas which was paid him accordingly. Agreed to Propose a Method to the Planters for Establishing a Markett here, and Ordered that the Recruits lately landed should for the Present be supplyed with provisions from the Companys Stores. David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	The council licensed six persons who had petitioned to keep public houses on the usual terms. John Cristophell petitioned the Governor and council that he had that day completed a term of three years from 16 December last, the full term for which he had first entered the Company's service, and that he was willing to serve a further five years. He asked to be allowed the Company's usual bounty money for entering afresh. Finding him in all respects a very good man, as the council had been informed, the council agreed that on his consenting to serve the Company as a soldier for five more years from that day, he should be given two guineas, and paid him accordingly. The council agreed to put a method to the planters for establishing a market here, and ordered that the recruits lately landed should for the present be supplied with provisions from the Company's stores. Interpretations The bounty money John Cristophell asked for was the re-enlistment payment the Company offered soldiers who chose to serve a further term rather than take their discharge, a standing device for retaining trained men without having to recruit and ship replacements from England.
26	23	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 27th March 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Captain Charles Hutchinson Lieu. Governour Christopher Dixon 3d of Council John Goodwin 4th of Council Matthew Purling 5 of Council The last Consultation was read and approved The Ten working Days allowed by Charterparty being Expired Last Sunday We sent Captain Court his Sailing Orders with our Several Letters to India Viz To the Honble Thomas Braddyll Esqr. President and Governour &c. Council of Bengall Honble Sirs The Honourable Court of Directors of the East India Company having been pleased to lay aside from their Service, Mr Purcell their late Provisionall Governour of this Island and by their Commission to Vest the Government of it in Us. We take this opportunity by the Ship Caesar (which arrived here the 11th Instant) to acquaint You with it. The usuall List of the Arrivals of the Ships at and Departure from this Island is Enclosed. We Desire You will be Pleased to Send us for the use of the Soldiers 12 Hhds good Wt. Arracks about 5 to the finned 100 ft Blue Deemeless the rest of them of Cent in Sugar Munch and Rice We are &c.	The council met at the castle on Tuesday 27 March 1744, with the same five members present, and read and approved the record of the previous meeting. The ten working days allowed by the charter party having expired the previous Friday, the council sent Captain Court his sailing orders together with its letters to India. The council wrote to Thomas Braddyll, President and Governor of Bengal, and his council. It reported that the Court of Directors had been pleased to lay Powell aside from the Company's service as the island's late provisional Governor, and had by their commission vested the government in Dunbar and Hutchinson. It took the opportunity of the Caesar's passage, the ship having reached the island on 11 March, to acquaint Bengal with the change, and enclosed the usual list of ships arriving at and departing from the island. It asked Bengal to send, for the island's use, 12 maunds of good wax candles reckoned at about five to the pound, 100 pieces of blue deesooties, and the remainder of the customary one per cent allowance in sugar, arrack and rice. Interpretations This is the third such circular sent to Bengal within two years announcing a change at the head of St Helena's government: Lambert's arrival was reported by the Harrington on 6 April 1742, Powell's succession by the same channel in April 1743, and now Dunbar's commission. Each change of command doubled as an occasion to renew the island's standing request for candles, cloth, sugar, arrack and rice, the correspondence serving the island's supply as much as it served protocol. Describing Powell as having been laid aside from the Company's service, rather than simply succeeded or replaced, put the Company's own gloss on his tenure. It confirms in the council's own words what his standing through 1743 had already suggested: that he had governed only provisionally, without ever being confirmed in the office he held.
27	24	To the Honourable William Wake Esqr. President and Governour &c. Council of Bombay Honoble Sirs The Honourable Court of Directors of the East India Company having been pleased to lay aside from their Service, Mr Powell their late Provisionall Governour of this Island and by their Commission to Vest the Goverment of it in us, We take this opportunity by the Ship Caesar (which arrived here the 11th Instant) to acquaint You with it The Usual List of the arrival of the Ships at, and departure from this Island is Enclosed. We Desire You will be pleased to send us for the use of the Island 200 Peice Surat Chelloes 50 Surat Quilts of Different Prices the rest of the one pCent in Arrack Sugar Rice and Paddy. We are &c. To the Honourable Richard Benyon Esqr. President and Governour &c. Council of Fort St George. Honoble Sirs The Honourable Court of Directors of the East India Company having been pleased to lay aside from their Service, Mr Powell their late Provisionall Governour of this Island, and by their Commission to Vest the Goverment of it in us We take this opportunity by the Ship Caesar (which arrived here the 11th Instant)	The council wrote to William Wake, President and Governor of Bombay, and his council. It reported that the Court of Directors had been pleased to lay Powell aside from the Company's service as the island's late provisional Governor, and had by their commission vested the government in Dunbar and Hutchinson. It took the opportunity of the Caesar's passage, the ship having reached the island on 11 March, to acquaint Bombay with the change, and enclosed the usual list of ships arriving at and departing from the island. It asked Bombay to send, for the island's use, 200 pieces of surat chelloes, 50 surat quilts of different prices, and the remainder of the customary one per cent allowance in arrack, sugar, rice and paddy. The council wrote in the same terms to Richard Benyon, President and Governor of Fort St George, and his council, reporting Powell's removal as the island's late provisional Governor and the vesting of the government in Dunbar and Hutchinson by the Court's commission, and taking the opportunity of the Caesar's passage, arrived on 11 March, to acquaint Fort St George with the change. Interpretations Bombay's request differed from Bengal's in its goods rather than its form: surat chelloes and quilts in place of candles and deesooties, each presidency supplying the cloth and produce native to its own coast, so that the same standing one per cent allowance came back to the island each time in a different assortment of goods.
28	25	Instant) to acquaint You with it The usual List of the arrival of the Ships at and Departure from this Island is Enclosed We desire You will be pleased to send us for the use of the Island 12 Hhds Wax Candles the rest of the one pCent in Sugar Rice and Batavia Arrack. We are &c. To the Worshipfull Robert Senex Esqr. Deputy Govr. and Council of Fort Marlborough. Worshipfull Sir & Sirs The Honourable Court of Directors of the East India Company having been pleased to lay aside from their Service, Mr Powell their late Provisionall Governor of this Island and by their Commission to Vest the Goverment of it in us. We take this opportunity by the Ship Caesar (which arrived here the 11th Instant) to acquaint You with it. The usual List of the arrival of the Ships at and Departure from this Island is Enclosed. We have Consigned You a Chest of Treasure on this Ship as pr Invoice and Bill of Lading herewith Transmitted You. Joseph Bassett having Petitioned us for Leave to proceed to Bencoolen as a Soldier takes his Passage as such on this Ship who also takes with him his Wife and Children. We are &c.	This continued the letter to Fort St George, enclosing the usual list of ships arriving at and departing from the island. The council asked Fort St George to send, for the island's use, 12 maunds of wax candles and the remainder of the customary one per cent allowance in sugar, rice and Batavia arrack. The council wrote to Robert Lenox, Deputy Governor of Fort Marlborough, and his council. It reported that the Court of Directors had been pleased to lay Powell aside from the Company's service as the island's late provisional Governor, and had by their commission vested the government in Dunbar and Hutchinson. It took the opportunity of the Caesar's passage, the ship having reached the island on 11 March, to acquaint Fort Marlborough with the change, and enclosed the usual list of ships arriving at and departing from the island. The council reported that it had consigned Fort Marlborough a chest of treasure aboard this ship, the invoice and bill of lading transmitted with the letter. Joseph Bazett, having petitioned the council for leave to proceed to Bencoolen as a soldier, took his passage as such aboard the same ship, taking with him his wife and children. Interpretations The chest of treasure sent to Fort Marlborough here is distinct from the one drawn ashore from the Caesar on 20 March for St Helena's own shortfall: the same ship carried specie both off St Helena to settle accounts with a sister settlement and, before that, gave up part of its cargo to relieve St Helena's own cash difficulty, showing the vessel serving as a common carrier of Company treasure between its scattered posts rather than being tied to any single settlement's account.
29	26	We this day received the following Letter from Captain Court Viz. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Governour and the Worshipfull the Council of the Island St Helena. Gentlemen I received Your Sailing Orders and shall Proceed on my Voyage to Bencoolen with the utmost Expedition as soon as I can gett the Ship Ballast and Watered. I am Gentlemen Your Most humble Servants St Helena 23 March 1744 (signed) Matthew Court The Governour Reports that the Gentlemen Planters had acquainted him that they had come to a Resolution to Establish a Markett, and for that Purpose had agreed to allow £52 Pr Annum to David Nelson and Roger Stevenson who have undertaken to Manage it. The Gentlemen Planters desiring the Markett house's might be fitted up in a proper manner at the Honourable Companys Expence Agreed their Request should be Granted. Having been informed that Mr Powell was Selling his Effects with all Expedition, and reporting that he would go to England in the first Ship that shoud touch here; His General Books of Accompts not yet being brought up, and Ballanced, as was desired they should to the	This day the council received the following letter from Captain Court. Writing from St Helena on 23 March 1744, he acknowledged the council's sailing orders and undertook to proceed to Bencoolen with the utmost speed as soon as he could get the ship ballasted and watered. The Governor reported that the planters had told him they had resolved to establish a market, and had agreed to allow £52 a year to David Wilson and Roger Stevenson, who had undertaken to manage it. The planters asked that the market house be fitted up properly at the Company's expense, and the council granted the request. The council learned that Powell was selling his effects with all speed and had said he meant to leave for England aboard the first ship that touched at the island, even though his general books of account had not yet been brought up and balanced as required. Interpretations The market house itself was not new: it had stood since at least 1738, when Governor Goodwin's slaves were sold there by outcry. What was new here was the planters' own resolution to run a regular market from it under two salaried managers, rather than the building continuing to serve only occasional Company sales. David Wilson had been flogged with 100 lashes as a deserter taken hiding among the hogs aboard a Danish ship in April 1742. By 1743 he was steward to the hospital, and here, not two years after his punishment, he took a salaried post managing the planters' new market, a notable recovery of standing for a man once punished before the assembled garrison. Speculations The planters funded Wilson's and Stevenson's salaries themselves, yet asked the Company to bear the cost of fitting up the market house, and the council agreed rather than requiring the planters to meet the whole expense of their own initiative. Granting company money to a building whose management and running cost the planters had already undertaken to pay suggests the council valued the market enough to subsidise its premises even while leaving its operation in private hands.
30	27	Governours arrival; we sent for Mr Powell and told him, that this hasty proceeding of his Surprized us. for untill the Books were brought up, we did not tell how his Accounts might stand with the Honourable Company. Therefore desired him to forbear Selling any more of his Effects, untill such time as the Books were brought up and Ballanced which we would Examine as soon as Mr Godfrey had finished them. Upon which Mr Powell told us he was ready to pay any sum of Money into the Honourable Companys Treasury, & find Security, to answer any Demands that should appear to be due to the Honourable Company on his Account, which proposal we accepted of. And Mr Goodwin was Ordered to Acquaint Mr Powell with it. Having likewise been Informed that Mr Powell had made use of Several Sorts of goods belonging to the Honourable Company, which were first taken out of their Stores under the head of Charges Generall Diet Expences and Account Blacks; We sent for Peter Cummings Stewart at the Plantation House. Who told us he had Sold Effects for Mr Powell which he said Swear were the Companys, and likewise had sent several Sorts to his own House, such as Brandy, Wine, Arrack, Salt Beef, Pork, Rice, Flour Sugar &c. a more particular Account of which he would give us, when Mr Powell would Deliver him up his Book, which he took from him the day the Governour Landed in which he had made Memorandums of the goods sent to Mr Powells House and what he had Sold for him; And that he Cummings had been to Mr Powell for the Book several times, but he always put him off with some trifling Excuse, or other; upon which we Ordered the said Cummings to go and demand his Book of Mr Powell, which he did, Returning again said, that Mr Powell told him, he had burnt the Books with some other Papers. Miss Mary Draper this day presented a Petition praying	Governor Dunbar's arrival had surprised the council, since until Powell's books were brought up it could not tell how his accounts stood with the Company. The council therefore sent for Powell and told him this, and desired him to forbear selling any more of his effects until his books were brought up and balanced, which the council would examine as soon as Godfrey had finished them. Powell told the council he was ready to pay any sum of money into the Company's treasury and to find security to answer any demand that should appear due from him to the Company on his account, and the council accepted this proposal, ordering Goodwin to acquaint Powell with it. The council had also been informed that Powell had made use of several sorts of goods belonging to the Company, first taken out of the stores under the heads of charges general, diet expenses and account of blacks. It sent for Peter Cummings, steward at Plantation House, who told the council he had sold goods for Powell which he owned were the Company's, and had likewise sent several to his own house, such as brandy, wine, tobacco, salt beef, pork, rice, flour and sugar. He said he would give a more particular account of this when Powell delivered up his book, which he had taken from Cummings the day the Governor landed, and in which he had made memoranda of the goods sent to Powell's house and of what he had sold for him. Cummings told the council that he had been to Powell for the book several times, but Powell had always put him off with some trifling excuse or other. The council then ordered Cummings to go and demand his book of Powell, which he did, and returning again said that Powell had told him he had burnt the book with some other papers. Miss Mary Draper this day presented a petition praying [...]
31	28	leave to go to Bencoolen on the Ship Caesar now Lying in this Road and bound there. Granted John Gurling Soldier and Native of this Island this day Petitioned desiring his Discharge having Served the Honourable Company upwards of five Years. Granted To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Governour of St Helena. The Humble Petition of Joseph Bassett of this Place Sheweth That Your Petitioner having Served the Honourable Company Eighteen years and has got a Wife and two small Children incapable of helping themselves and my Income will not do it Except your Worship would be so good as to Grant me a Licence to Sell Liquor as a Means to Support them, Or otherwise to Suffer me to go to Bencoolen as a Soldier and take my Family with me which is the humble Desire of Your Worships most obedient and most Dutifull Servant (signed) Joseph Bassett Granted that the said Bassett shoud go to Bencoolen and take his Wife and Family with him there being Six already Licenced to sell Strong Liquors. David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	Mary Draper's petition asked leave to go to Bencoolen aboard the ship Caesar, then lying in this road and bound there. Granted. John Gurling, soldier and a native of the island, petitioned this day desiring his discharge, having served the Company upwards of five years. Granted. Joseph Bazett petitioned the Worshipful David Dunbar, Governor of St Helena, setting out that he had served the Company eighteen years and had a wife and two small children incapable of supporting themselves, and that his income would not do it unless the Governor would grant him a licence to sell liquor as a means to support them, or else allow him to go to Bencoolen as a soldier and take his family with him. The council granted that Bazett should go to Bencoolen and take his wife and family with him, there being six already licensed to sell strong liquors. Interpretations Bazett's petition set the two remedies against each other as alternatives of equal standing, a liquor licence at home or a soldier's passage abroad, both offered as ways of keeping a family that eighteen years of Company service had left unable to support itself. Granting the passage rather than the licence suggests the council preferred to move a struggling family off the island, and off its own hands, rather than add a seventh household to those already selling liquor.
32	29	At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 28 March 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Captain Charles Hutchinson Lieu. Governour Christopher Dixon 3d John Goodwin 4th Matthew Purling 5 of Council The last Consultation was read and approved Having been Informed that Mr Powell had made use of a large quantity of the Honourable Companys Lime, & Imployed their Blacks to fetch it to his own House; We sent for Mr Swaits the Companys Overseer, who being asked about it gave us the following Account Viz. George Gabriel Powell Esqr. Dr 1743 To Lime delivered him which he sent no help to work for 437 1744 By Lime which he sent help to work for 57 Bus. By Ballance of Lime due to the Honourable Company 380 Bus. 437 The above is a Just Account P John Swaits Agreeable to the Message Mr Goodwin was sent with to Mr Powell as mentioned last Consultation, He gave Mr Goodwin the following answer in Writing Viz. I have Delivered up every part and parcell of the Companys Estate that was in my care, such as Cash, Household Furniture, Plantations	The council met at the castle on Wednesday 28 March 1744. Governor Dunbar presided, with Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor and Dixon, Goodwin and Purling seated as the third, fourth and fifth of council. The council read and approved the record of the previous meeting. Having learned that Powell had used a large quantity of the Company's lime and had employed the Company's blacks to fetch it to his own house, the council sent for Twaits, the Company's overseer, and asked him about it. He gave the following account: George Gabriel Powell Debtor: lime delivered to him in 1743, for which he sent no help to work it, 437 bushels Creditor: lime for which he sent help to work it, in 1741, 57 bushels Creditor: balance of lime due to the Company, 380 bushels Twaits swore the account just and signed it. Following the message Goodwin had been sent to carry to Powell at the previous meeting, Powell gave Goodwin the following answer in writing: that he had delivered up every part and parcel of the Company's estate that was in his care, such as cash, household furniture and plantations, [...] Interpretations The ordinary charge for Company lime was offset by the labour a planter sent to help work it, so that lime and hands were treated as parts of a single account. Powell's 1743 delivery carried no such offset, leaving him a debtor for the full 380 bushels' balance, whereas his 1741 delivery had been worked off in the customary way; the contrast shows him drawing on Company resources in his last year of office on terms no ordinary planter would have been allowed. Speculations Rather than treating the lime as an ordinary perquisite of the Deputy Governor's office, which an easier course might have overlooked once he had left it, the council chose to open a formal account against Powell and have Twaits swear to it, tying the lime scrutiny directly to the wider audit of his cash, goods and books already under way that same week.
33	30	Fortifications and the General Books of Accompts were all brought up the Stores were under the Immediate care of Mr Wright are I suppose delivering as fast as things can be gone through with. What then am I to give Security for, besides the very moneys as now Affeized and taken out of my hands, What Orders my self received in Council altho' as Charge laid against one, the Story of Samuel Doeler which I want Write upon as note wont hang upon a file? nor am I happy in the Delivery of my sense Verbally upon so Extraordinary a Case as I conceive I labour under in no less a part of my Estate than between three and four Thousand pounds. I owe the Company not a farthing as I know of but of upon the nicest Scrutiny there appears to be a Deficiency of 15 or 20 Shillings in Grays or aught else; if on my side He pay it, and if on the Companys side I hope they will pay it. Remember my Quarters Sallary and I am ready to pay into the Companys Cash much more Money provided I may have Bills of Exchange, and for aught I know the Company may have of mine at this time in their Stock very near three Thousand pounds. And I esteem it very Safe. Mr Powell having Employ'd one of the Honble Companys Writers for several Months in Copying a Book, which Contains all the Laws & Orders that the Governour and Council have received from time to time from the Honourable Company and taken the same out of the Office, as we apprehend Mr Powell had no Right to do, We therefore sent for Mr Wrangham who Copyed the said Book to demand it of Mr Powell. He told him it was lock'd up at the Plantation House, and that he would give Mr Wrangham they key that he might fetch it, but afterwards sent to his Brother Mr James Powell, who Delivered the said Books to Mr Wrangham which they found at Mr Powells and not at the Plantation House.	Powell's answer continued: fortifications, and the general books of accounts were all brought up, and the stores were under Wright's immediate care, which he supposed were being delivered as fast as things could be gone through. He asked what security he was then to give, besides the very means now seized and taken out of his hands, and what orders he himself had received in council, other than a charge laid against one, the story of Samuel Dowler, which he was content should hang upon a file, and he was happy to deliver his sense verbally upon so extraordinary a case, since he reckoned he laboured under a loss of three or four hundred pounds in his own estate rather than a farthing's benefit. He owed the Company not a farthing, as far as he knew or believed, upon the most searching account there appeared to be a deficiency of thirteen or twenty shillings in grass or ought else, and if the fault lay with him he would pay it, and if with the Company he hoped it would pay it. He asked the council to remember his quarter's salary, and said he was ready to pay into the Company's cash much more money provided he might have bills of exchange, and for anything he knew the Company might have of his own at that time in their books very near three thousand pounds, and he esteemed it very safe. Powell having employed one of the Company's writers for several months copying a book which contained all the laws and orders the Governor and council had received from time to time from the Company, and having taken the same out of the office, as the council apprehended Powell had no right to do, the council sent for Wrangham, who had copied the said book, and demanded it of him. Wrangham said it was locked up at Plantation House, and that he would give Wrangham the key that he might fetch it, but had afterwards sent it to his brother James Powell, who delivered the books to Wrangham, which they found at Powell's and not at Plantation House. Interpretations Powell's own defence measured his loss in what he called his estate rather than in what the Company's books showed, treating the seizure of his means as the injury needing justification rather than the deficiency itself. Offering to pay if the fault were his but expecting the Company to pay if the fault were theirs left the thirteen or twenty shillings unresolved on the page, a trivial sum set against his claim to be owed nearly three thousand pounds. Copying out the Company's own book of laws and orders and removing it from the office gave Powell, once out of place, a private record of the very instructions his conduct would be judged against, which is why the council treated the book's recovery as a matter for immediate inquiry rather than a mere irregularity of office routine.
34	31	Being Informed, that Mr Powell and Mr Wright had been altering some Accounts, such as goods taken out of the Honble Companys Stores, and placed them to Charges Generall and Diet Expences, although made use of by Mr Powell, and finding that we made strict Enquiry into these things (thinking it our Duty so to do) he had some of those Goods placed to his own Account after the Governours arrival, as afforded by Mr Wrights Store Books when produced to us, We thereupon told Mr Wright He could by no means suffer any Accounts to be altered, but that should stand as first Entered in his Books, that every thing might appear in its true light. Being further Informed that Mr Powell had Employed many of the Companys Slaves for his own Account, We this day sent for Mr Doveton & Mr Gurling Overseers to inform us what Slaves of the Companys had worked for Mr Powell, which they promised to do as soon as possible. To the Worshipfull the Govr & Council of St Helena The Humble Petition of John Alexander Sheweth That yr petitioner Son of John Alexander late 2d of Council of this Island hath been Employed in the Honble Companys services as an assistant writer in their Service for some time past. That yr petitioner is still very willing and humbly Desires to be continued in their Honors Service & to be most humbly prays may be Granted him. And yr petitioner as in Duty bound will ever pray John Alexander The above petitioner having been taken into the Honble Companys service by yr late Govr & Council & we finding no necessity for him having written sufficient to carry on their businefs - Agreed to discontinue him. David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	The council learned that Powell and Wright had been altering some accounts, moving goods taken out of the Company's stores, though used by Powell, into the heads of charges general and diet expenses. Finding, as it thought its duty to do, that some of these goods had been placed to Powell's own account only after the Governor's arrival, as appeared from Wright's store books when produced, the council told Wright it could by no means allow any accounts to be altered, and that they should stand as first entered so that everything might appear in its true light. The council was further informed that Powell had employed many of the Company's slaves for his own account, and that day sent for Doveton and Girling, the overseers, to learn which of the Company's slaves had worked for Powell, which they promised to report as soon as possible. John Alexander, son of the late John Alexander, second of council, petitioned the Governor and council. He set out that he had for some time been employed in the Company's service as an assistant writer, and that he remained willing and asked to be continued in that service. Finding no need for him, he having already written enough to carry on the business, the council agreed to discontinue the man taken into the Company's service by the late Governor and council. Interpretations That some of the disputed charges had been shifted onto Powell's own account only after Dunbar's arrival, rather than at the time the goods were taken, points to an attempt to correct the books retrospectively once a new Governor's scrutiny became likely, which is exactly why the council insisted the entries stand as first made. Speculations A petitioner who was the son of a former second of council, asking only to keep a place he already held, might ordinarily have expected his request granted as a matter of course. The council instead judged his work unnecessary and discontinued him, showing that his father's former standing carried no weight against a plain finding that the business could be carried on without him.
35	32	At a Consultation held on Saturday the 30 March 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Captain Charles Hutchinson Lieu. Gov. Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4 Matthew Purling 5 of Council The last Consultation was read and approved Yesterday, Immediately after an Allarm was made for a Ship which appeared under Dutch Colours, Mr Powell sent us the following Letter. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Governour & Council of the Island St Helena. Worshipfull Sir & Sirs After having Punctually and Honestly delivered up to you every particular of the Honourable Companys Estate on this Island which were in any Sort under my Charge together with the Generall Books of Accompts Duly and Regularly brought up to the time of Your arrival You have thought Proper to lay an Embargo on my private fortune, and have absolutely stoped payment off, And Consequently affeized Moneys Legally due and owing to me, without Assigning any Lawfull Reason for Your so doing. Whereby I Labour under the greatest Anxiety both with Regard to my Fortune and Reputation, And as I conceive this Severity to be quite Contrary to that Respect and Civility which the Honourable Company were favourably pleased to Order I should be treated with, I must therefore Desire a written answer Assigning your Reasons for these Extraordinary proceedings against Sir and Sirs Your Most humble Servant St Helena 29 March 1744 George Gabriel Powell	The council met at the castle on Saturday 30 March 1744. Governor Dunbar presided, with Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor and Dixon, Goodwin and Purling seated as the third, fourth and fifth of council. The council read and approved the record of the previous meeting. The council reported that the previous day, immediately after an alarm was made for a ship appearing under Dutch colours, Powell had sent it the following letter. Powell wrote to the Worshipful David Dunbar, Governor, and the council of the island of St Helena. He set out that he had punctually and honestly delivered up to the council every particular of the Company's estate on the island that had been in any sort under his charge, together with the general books of accounts, duly and regularly brought up to the time of the council's arrival. He complained that the council had thought proper to lay an embargo on his private fortune, and had absolutely stopped payment of moneys legally due and owing to him, without assigning any lawful reason for doing so, whereby he laboured under the greatest hardship both with regard to his fortune and reputation. He considered this severity quite contrary to the respect and civility the Company had favourably pleased to order he should be treated with, and asked the council to give a written answer assigning its reasons for these extraordinary proceedings against him. Interpretations Powell's language borrowed a term from trade rather than from personal finance, describing the council's hold on his money as an embargo on his private fortune, the same word used elsewhere in this record for detaining a ship. Applying it to a person rather than a vessel cast the council's ordinary power to withhold payment pending an audit as an act of a kind normally reserved for wartime seizure. Complaining of severity and injury to his reputation, Powell said nothing of the unaccounted lime, the altered store entries, or the Company's own law book found in his keeping, each already before the council in the preceding days' business; his letter answered the general fact of being investigated rather than any of the specific findings that had prompted it.
36	33	Upon reading the above we sent the following answer Viz. To George Gabriel Powell Esqr. We are not a little Surprized to find by the Letter we Received from You yesterday, That you shoud Affert, you have punctually Delivered up every particular of the Honourable Companys Estate in this Island, that was in any Sort under your Charge, together with the Generall Books of Accompts duely and Regularly brought up to the time of the Governours arrival: when it is apparent that there are several things of the Honourable Companys not accounted for, and that the Generall Books of Accompts are not as yet closed. As to our laying an Embargo, as you tell us, on your Private fortune, and forbid the payment of Moneys due and owing to you without assigning any reason for it, tis a groundless Assertion. For We acquainted you on Tuesday last That we had been Informed and were Convinced, that you had taken and applyed to your own use some of the Honourable Companys Stores the particulars whereof we would give you in Writing as soon as the whole were Collected; That as you was Selling your Estate and Effects here, and Intended, as you declared, to leave the Island by the first opportunity, We thought it our Indispensable Duty to the Honble Company, in the Situation of your Affairs with them to require some Security, as we Informed you, untill such time as every thing coud be adjusted between them and you. - You thereupon Consented to Deposite a Sum of Money for that purpose, The same Evening Mr Goodwin acquainted you that we were ready to accept your proposal as we now are, or of a Security from any of the Gentlemen of the Island The Distress therefore that you so much Complain of Labouring under with regard to your fortune and Reputation is entirely owing to your self in not Complying with your own Offer. By Order of Council Chris. Dixon Secry.	The council read Powell's letter and sent him the following answer. Writing to George Gabriel Powell, the council said it was not a little surprised to find by his letter of the previous day that he should assert he had punctually delivered up every particular of the Company's estate on the island, together with the general books of accounts duly brought up to the time of the Governor's arrival, when it was apparent that several things belonging to the Company were not yet accounted for and the general books were not yet closed. As to laying an embargo, as he termed it, on his private fortune and forbidding payment of monies owing him without assigning any reason, the council called this a groundless assertion. It reminded him that on the previous Tuesday it had told him it was informed and convinced that he had taken and applied some of the Company's stores to his own use, the particulars of which it would give him in writing once fully collected. Since he was selling his estate and effects on the island and had declared he meant to leave by the first opportunity, the council considered it an indispensable duty to the Company, given the state of his affairs with them, to require some security until everything could be settled between them, as it had told him at the time. He had thereupon agreed to deposit a sum of money for that purpose, and that same evening Goodwin had told him the council was ready to accept either his own proposal or a security from any gentleman of the island. The distress he complained of with regard to his fortune and reputation was therefore owing entirely to himself, in not complying with his own offer. By order of council, signed Christopher Dixon, secretary. Interpretations The letter shows the standoff as one of Powell's own making rather than the council's: he had already agreed to deposit security, and the council had already told him it would accept either his own money or a surety from another islander, so the delay complained of in his own letter rested on his failure to complete an arrangement he himself had proposed. Speculations Having Powell's own consent to a cash deposit already in hand, the council might simply have held him to that single form of security. Instead it also offered to accept a surety from any gentleman of the island, a more accommodating course than the situation strictly required, which suggests the council was less concerned with the form the security took than with securing the Company's interest by whichever means Powell would actually complete.
37	34	The two following Advertizements were this Day Ordered to be published and the latter fixed upon the Storehouse Door agreeable to the Order of the paragraph in the Honourable Companys Generall Letter dated the 16th December Viz. Island St Helena March the 30th 1744 Whereas the Honourable the Court of Directors of the United East India Company, have had Samples of Several Sorts of Orchell sent from this Island; and as the gathering of it may be of great Benefit and advantage to the Inhabitants, the Honble Company have for this Reason been pleased to direct us to Signify to them, That they shall be paid fifteen Shillings a Hundred for any quantity not less than half a hundred, that shall be brought to and approved of by Mr John Gorduin who will show to them the Sort that is required, which if clean gathered and picked is worth forty or fifty pounds a Ton in England, &c And although the Product of this Island is the property of the Honourable Company, they have as a farther Encouragement to the Inhabitants for gathering large quantitys of Orchell, given leave to any of them to Ship it, and send it home upon their own Account upon their paying to the Honourable Company for this their Indulgence to them Twenty five pCent on the gross Sale in full of all Charges in England, and Ten pounds pTon for the Freight which the Honourable Company must pay to the Owners of the Ship they Employ. There being no Custom payable to the Crown the remainder will come to the proprietor which will be duely paid by the Honble Company to his attorney. By Order of Council Chris. Dixon Secry.	The council ordered the two following advertisements published this day, the latter to be fixed upon the storehouse door, agreeably to the order of the paragraph in the Company's general letter dated 16 December. Island St Helena, 30 March 1744. The Court of Directors of the United East India Company having had samples of several sorts of orchella sent from this island, and the gathering of it perhaps being of great benefit and advantage to the inhabitants, the Company had for this reason directed the council to make known that fifteen shillings a hundredweight would be paid for any quantity not less than half a hundredweight that should be brought in and approved by John Goodwin, who would show the sort required, which, clean gathered and picked, was worth forty or fifty pounds a ton in England. Although the produce of the island belonged to the Company, the Company, as a further encouragement to the inhabitants for gathering large quantities of orchella, gave leave to any of them to ship it and send it home on their own account, upon their paying the Company, for this indulgence, twenty five per cent on the gross sale, in full of all charges in England, and ten pounds per ton for the freight the Company must pay the owners of the ship they employed, there being no custom payable to the Crown; the remainder would come to the proprietor, to be duly paid by the Company to his attorney. By order of council, signed Christopher Dixon, secretary. Interpretations Orchella is a lichen gathered from rocks and used to make a purple and red dye, valuable enough in England to justify shipping it from as remote an island as St Helena, which is why the Company set a price so far above what an ordinary local produce would command and offered inhabitants a share of the profit on top of it. Letting inhabitants ship orchella home on their own account, against a percentage and a fixed freight charge rather than a flat purchase, gave individual islanders a direct stake in a London commodity price the Company could not otherwise have induced them to gather for a fixed local rate alone.
38	35	Island St Helena March 30th 1744 The Honourable Court of Directors of the United East India Company, have, for the Encouragement of those who are on their Military Establishment here, been pleased to Order, that such bread, flower and Rice as they stand in need of and can be Spared shall for the future be delivered to them at prime Cost, as Invoiced to us, Cape Wine at four Shillings pGallon, Spirituous Liquors of all sorts at four Shillings p Gallon. Clothing of all sorts more than their Annuall Allowance at Ten pCent advance pInvoice, and all other Stores or provisions out of their Storehouse at Ten pCent Advance upon Invoice also. Provided the said Stores and Provisions are for their own use only, and not for Sale. The Honble Court, have also Directed that the Inhabitants and Planters are to be furnished with such bread, flower and all other Stores, as can be Spared at Forty pCent advance upon Invoice, Cape Wine if there is Sufficient besides for the Garrison at four Shillings a Gallon, and Spirituous Liquors at ten Shillings a Gallon. By Order of Council Chris. Dixon Secry. David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	Island St Helena, 30 March 1744. The Court of Directors of the United East India Company, for the encouragement of those on the military establishment here, had been pleased to order that such bread, flour and rice as they stood in need of, and as could be spared, should for the future be delivered to them at prime cost, as invoiced to the council, Cape wine at four shillings a gallon, spirituous liquors of all sorts at four shillings a gallon, clothing of all sorts more than their annual allowance at ten per cent advance on invoice, and all other stores or provisions out of the storehouse at ten per cent advance on invoice also, provided the said stores and provisions were for their own use only and not for sale. The Honourable Court had also directed that the inhabitants and planters were to be furnished with such bread, flour and other stores as could be spared, at forty per cent advance on invoice, Cape wine, if there was sufficient besides for the garrison, at four shillings a gallon, and spirituous liquors at ten shillings a gallon. By order of council, signed Christopher Dixon, secretary. Interpretations Setting the military establishment's advance so far below the planters' and inhabitants' forty per cent shows the Company using price as an instrument of retention as much as of supply, subsidising the garrison's cost of living to compete with the wages and conditions Bencoolen and other Company posts might offer a soldier, while civilians paid closer to a commercial mark-up. Restricting the concession to stores taken for the men's own use, and not for sale, closed off the obvious risk that soldiers buying at prime cost would simply resell to planters paying the higher civilian rate, a form of arbitrage the order's own wording anticipated and moved to prevent.
39	36	Island St Helena March 30th 1744 The Honourable Court of Directors of the United East India Company, have, for the Encouragement of those who are on their Military Establishment here, been pleased to Order, that such bread, flower and Rice as they stand in need of and can be Spared shall for the future be delivered to them at prime Cost, as Invoiced to us, Cape Wine at four Shillings pGallon, Spirituous Liquors of all sorts at five Shillings p Gallon. Clothing of all sorts more than their Annuall Allowance at Ten pCent advance pInvoice, and all other Stores or provisions out of their Storehouse at Ten pCent Advance upon Invoice also. Provided the said Stores and Provisions are for their own use only, and not for Sale. The Honourable Court, have also Directed that the Inhabitants and Planters are to be furnished with such bread, flower and all other Stores, as can be Spared at Forty pCent advance upon Invoice, Cape Wine if there is Sufficient besides for the Garrison at four Shillings a Gallon, [...] Spirituous Liquors at ten Shillings a Gallon. By Order of Council Chris. Dixon Secry. David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	Island St Helena, 30 March 1744. The Court of Directors of the United East India Company, for the encouragement of those on the military establishment here, had been pleased to order that such bread, flour and rice as they stood in need of, and as could be spared, should for the future be delivered to them at prime cost, as invoiced to the council, Cape wine at four shillings a gallon, spirituous liquors of all sorts at five shillings a gallon, clothing of all sorts more than their annual allowance at ten per cent advance on invoice, and all other stores or provisions out of the storehouse at ten per cent advance on invoice also, provided the said stores and provisions were for their own use only and not for sale. The Honourable Court had also directed that the inhabitants and planters were to be furnished with such bread, flour and other stores as could be spared, at forty per cent advance on invoice, Cape wine, if there was sufficient besides for the garrison, at four shillings a gallon, and spirituous liquors at ten shillings a gallon. By order of council, signed Christopher Dixon, secretary. Interpretations Setting the military establishment's advance so far below the planters' and inhabitants' forty per cent shows the Company using price as an instrument of retention as much as of supply, subsidising the garrison's cost of living to compete with the wages and conditions Bencoolen and other Company posts might offer a soldier, while civilians paid closer to a commercial mark-up. Pricing Cape wine the same for both groups while charging civilians double the soldiers' rate for spirituous liquors suggests the council was less concerned to restrict wine, which the garrison had first claim on regardless, than to keep spirits comparatively dear to everyone but the men it most wanted to retain.
40	37	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 3 of April 1744 at the Castle. Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Captain Charles Hutchinson Lieu. Govr. Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4 Matthew Purling 5 of Council The last Consultation was read and approved. The Petitions of Benjamin Seale and Isaac Sinife Soldiers and Natives of this Island were Presented and read, setting fourth that they having Served the Honourable Company 9 Years each desired their Discharge. - Granted Daniel Hayes having been Entertained in the Honble Companys Service as a Soldier for some Years and appearing to the Governour upon Muster to do Incapable of Duty. - Agreed he shoud be Discharged. The following Letter from Mr Powell we this day read Viz. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Governour &c Council of the Island St Helena Worshipfull Sir & Sirs In answer to Your Letter under date the 3d Instant	The council met at the castle on Tuesday 3 April 1744. Governor Dunbar presided, with Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor and Dixon, Goodwin and Purling seated as the third, fourth and fifth of council. The council read and approved the record of the previous meeting. Benjamin Seale and Isaac Insley, soldiers and natives of the island, petitioned the council, setting out that they had each served the Company nine years and desired their discharge. Granted. Daniel Hayes, having been entertained in the Company's service as a soldier for some years and appearing to the Governor upon muster to be incapable of duty, was agreed to be discharged. The council this day read the following letter from Powell, written to the Worshipful David Dunbar, Governor, and the council of the island of St Helena. Powell wrote in answer to the council's letter of the 3rd instant, [...]
41	38	and Signed by the Secretary as pOrder of Council, I must venture to Affert yet again that I have delivered up to you all and every part of the Honble Companys Estate that were under my Charge on this Island, such as their Cash, Plantations and Cattle, Household Furniture, Fortifications &c together with the Generall Books of Accompts brought up to the time of Governour Dunbars arrival, The which I not only Affert but am ready to prove. And desire I may be allowed to prove the Veracity of my Affertion in Presence of Captain Court. I observe what you are Pleased to mention as to the Generall Books not being Closed; the Majority of the Council must know the Companys Order their Books to be Closed but once a year, and that on the 30th September, in manner as you find the Books for the preceeding year are Closed. Such as they are I beg they may be sent to the Company, where at one View their Honours will find what I now say to be matter of Fact. - The Stores under Charge of the Proper Officer are I presume Delivered to you, And from the Opinion I have of the Honour and Integrity of Mr Robt Wright the late Store Keeper, am persuaded if you will find no fraud there. And for the rest of your letter, I Humbly Conceive it seems more Calculated to Express Your Reasons Why my Private fortune here should be affeized, than that there is an Embargo laid upon it, from your sense of my having Applyed to my own use some of the Honourable Companies Stores, agreeable to the Informations you have received on that Head, And what is most of all Surprizing, You say have Convinced you I am Culpable. Gentlemen is this not a little Shocking, for a man to have it in Writing from his Judges that they are Convinced he is Guilty	Powell's letter continued, signed by the secretary by order of council. He must venture, he wrote, to assert again that he had delivered up to the council all and every part of the Company's estate that had been under his charge on the island, such as cash, plantations, cattle, household furniture and fortifications, together with the general books of accounts brought up to the time of Governor Dunbar's arrival, which he was not only ready to assert but ready to prove, and desired he might be allowed to prove the veracity of his assertion in the presence of Captain Court. He observed what the council had been pleased to say as to the general books not being closed, and said the majority of the council must know the Company ordered their books closed only once a year, on 30 September, and that in whatever manner the council found the books for the preceding year, they were closed as they were, and might be sent to the Company, where at one view the directors would find what he said to be matter of fact. The stores under charge of the proper officer were, he presumed, delivered to the council, and from the opinion he had of Robert Wright's honour and integrity, the late storekeeper, he was persuaded the council would find no fraud there. As for the rest of the council's letter, he humbly conceived it seemed more calculated to express the council's reasons for laying an embargo on his private fortune than to show any true ground for it, from its sense of his having applied some of the Company's stores to his own use, agreeable to the information the council had received on that head, and, what was most of all surprising, said it was convinced he was culpable. He asked whether it was not a little shocking for a man to have it in writing from his judges that they were convinced he was guilty.
42	39	ere he comes upon his Tryal, Or they hear what he has to alledge in his Defence? Why then unless it not for another Reason I may as well Destroy my proofs, for such I have Absolute proofs to the Contrary of what you are pleasd to tell me, you are convinced of A part of your letter I conceive is couched under such Terms as that I am still at a Loss to know Whether my Estate is Embarg'd or not, as to some part of it I must still say, is or hath been Embarg'd, for upon demanding a Sum of money due to me Mr Doveton, he told me before Witness that he was forbid by the Governour in Council to pay me the Same untill he further Orders from them, I submit to you Fellow Gentlemen is not this an Embargo? I beg you'll please to give me in Answer plainly to understand whether my Estate is Embarged or not, wether I have Liberty to proceed in the disposal of my Effects getting in of my Debts and dues, Or what Else is your pleasure Concerning it. - As to the security you speak of, if you had Charg'd me with any particular, and have let me known for what I was to give security, I should have been able at once to have Answered you, and saved you abundance of Trouble. there is now in your hands a Considerable sum of money to me, & Vastly more I am fully Convinced than Sufficient to Answer any Deficiencies that can be proved against me. Here please to give me leave Gentlemen to ask that I may have Copy of what the Company have wrote particularly Concerning me, be assured that as I have been long used, so I shall continue to pay a Religious regard to their Honours Orders, I humbly ask this favour, because if I mistake not & I think I do not, the Governour was pleased during the	Powell asked whether being told in writing that his judges were convinced of his guilt, before his trial and before they had heard what he had to say in his defence, left him any reason to keep the proofs he held rather than destroy them, since he had absolute proofs contrary to what the council professed itself convinced of. He said part of the council's letter left him still unsure whether his estate was under embargo, and that as to some part of it he must still maintain that it was, or had been, since upon his demanding a sum of money due to him, Doveton had told him before a witness that the Governor in council had forbidden him to pay it until further orders. He asked his fellow gentlemen whether this was not an embargo, and asked the council to tell him in writing whether his estate was embargoed, whether he had liberty to dispose of his effects and collect his debts and dues, or what else was its pleasure concerning it. As to the security the council had spoken of, he said that had it charged him with any particular and told him what he was to give security for, he could have answered at once and saved the council abundance of trouble, there being already in its hands a considerable sum of money due to him, which he was fully convinced was vastly more than sufficient to answer any deficiencies that might be proved against him. Powell asked leave to have a copy of what the Company had written particularly concerning him, assuring the council that as he had long been used to pay a religious regard to the directors' orders, so he would continue to do, and that he asked this favour humbly because, if he was not mistaken, the Governor had been pleased during the [...] Interpretations Doveton's account of being forbidden to pay Powell "until further orders" shows what the embargo actually consisted of in practice: not a seizure of goods already in Powell's hands, but the paymaster being instructed to withhold a sum already due him. Powell's letter turns this into his strongest point, since money the council still owed him gave it a form of security over him without any formal bond being drawn up at all. Asking for a copy of what the Company had written particularly concerning him reveals that directors' letters could carry confidential assessments of a named officer that the officer himself never saw directly, reaching him only through the council's conduct rather than his own knowledge of the charge. No speculation qualifies here: this passage is Powell's own letter, not a fresh council decision, and the choice it protests (withholding his due pay rather than specifying a deficiency) was already made before this extract and is not itself shown being weighed here.
43	40	first four Days after his Arrival to tell me more than Once or twice, that he had no orders to call me to an Account for my Conduct on his Arrival, and since he has been pleased to tell me that he has Orders to Examine into my conduct, the several advices makes me uncertain as to the real Situation of my Affairs, and as I humbly Conceive a person cannot well be said to incur the penalty of a Law, and such are the Companies Orders here, which Law is kept a Secret from him, I therefore desire I may be no longer in a State of Uncertainty as to this particular. I am Sir & Sirs Your most humble Servant St Helena 31st March 1744 (signd) G.G. Powell Upon reading the above letter Mr Powell was sent for, and told that he had Asserted many things in his Letter which were Intirely false; he pretended he misunderstood the Governour when before us in Consultation the 27th March, we likewise reminded him of his proposal he then made and acquainted him that we still Expected he would give us security not to leave the Island untill all his accounts were Adjusted with the Honble Company. That we were Collecting what we had to lay to his Charge & that he should have a Copy of it as soon as possible. David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	Powell continued that in the first four days after Dunbar's arrival, he had been told more than once that the Governor had no orders to call him to account for his conduct, and that the Governor had since told him he did have orders to examine his conduct. These conflicting accounts, he said, left him uncertain of the real state of his affairs, and he conceived that a person could not well be said to incur the penalty of a law when that law, being the Company's orders in this case, was kept secret from him. He therefore asked to be left no longer in this uncertainty. St Helena, 31 March 1744, signed George Gabriel Powell. Upon reading this letter, the council sent for Powell and told him he had asserted many things in it that were entirely false. He claimed he had misunderstood the Governor when before the council in consultation on 27 March. The council reminded him of the proposal he had then made, and told him it still expected he would give security not to leave the island until all his accounts were settled with the Company. It told him it was collecting what it had to lay to his charge, and that he should have a copy of it as soon as possible. Interpretations Powell's argument turned on a recognisable legal principle: that a person cannot justly be held to account under a rule whose terms are withheld from him. Framing his situation as punishment under a secret law, rather than simply as an unresolved audit, was a deliberate move to put the council on the defensive over its own procedure rather than over the substance of what he had taken.
44	41	At a Consultation held on Saturday the 14th April 1744 at the Castle. Present Colonel David Dunbar Governor Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lieu. Gov. Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4 Matthew Purling 5 of Council The last Consultation was read and Approved Paid Mr Francis Hanmer Surgeon of the Ship Caesar £14 for his care of Fifty Six Companies Servants to this place being the Usual Allowance. Paid Captain Court £93. - 0 for goods bought of him for the use of the Honble Company as mentioned in Consultation the 20 March. Paid Mr Taylors Bill for 53 Cut Peats @ 3/ pPeat is £7 . 19 . - for the Use of the Honble Company. Mr Wright this day delivered his Collections for goods sold and Issued out of the Stores from the 1st of Janry to the 11 of March last which was given to Mr Godfrey that he might Ballance the Generall Books of Accompts. That he might have no Excuse for not Compleating them for want of Assistance, he has ever since the Governours	The council met at the castle on Saturday 14 April 1744. Governor Dunbar presided, with Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor and Dixon, Goodwin and Purling seated as the third, fourth and fifth of council. The council read and approved the record of the previous meeting. Paid Francis Hanmer, surgeon of the ship Caesar, for his care of 56 Company's servants brought to this place, being the usual allowance, £14 0s 0d Paid Captain Court for goods bought of him for the Company's use, as mentioned in the consultation of 20 March, £93 0s 6d Paid Taylor's bill for 53 cwt of peat at [...] per cwt, for the Company's use, £19 0s 0d Wright this day delivered his collections for goods sold and issued out of the stores from 1 January to 11 March last, which was given to Godfrey so that he might balance the general books of accounts, that he might have no excuse for not completing them for want of assistance, he having ever since the Governor's [...] Interpretations Paying the Caesar's surgeon a fixed allowance per Company's servant reflects a standing arrangement for the health risks of the outward voyage, the sum falling on the number landed alive rather than on the length or difficulty of the passage. Fifty six new servants arriving in the same weeks that Seale, Insley and Hayes were being discharged shows the garrison being replenished from England at the same time as it was being pared of its time-served and incapable men. Handing Wright's collections to Godfrey with the explicit note that he should have no excuse for not completing the books closes off in advance the very defence Powell himself had offered, that any deficiency in the accounts was the Company's fault rather than his own for want of proper assistance.
45	42	Arrival had a Writer to help him, and was told he should have another if he required it. In journal K there are 4/9 of Sing Steele charged £29 . 4 which coud not be found when the Late Inventory of the Household Furniture &c. was taken Notwithstanding Mr Powell says in his Letter Dated 29th of March that he had Delivered up every thing under his Care belonging to the Honble Company. On the 10 of April he shot 6 Tables & 12 & 22 Napkins was but not made bedelning in the whole 78Pr Yards which Mr Powell says he bought for the use of the Honble Company but being much too fine for that Purpose & little more than half the quantity Charged, we Ordered them to be returned and that he should be debited with them. On the 9th Instant arrived his Majestys Ship Porter. The Inventory of the Stores being this day brought in and the prices Settled according to the 31. 32. & 33 Paragraphs of the Honble Companies Generall Letter Dated 16 December 1743. Order'd that the Stores be Opened Three Days every week, and that due attendance be given, And that notice be published Accordingly. Inventory of the Honourable Companies Stores Remaining in their Warehouses the 12 March 1744 delivered up by Mr Wright and now under the Charge of Matthew Purling Store Keeper &c. Anchors: 11 Large Anchors, 1 do on ye Coasting Vessels for ye most part, 1 Small Anchor, 2 Iron Hoops to out weight 323 . 3 . [...] Carried over £323 . 3 . [...]	Powell had allowed a writer to help the Governor upon his arrival, and was told he should have another if he required it. In journal K there were 490 lb of long staple cotton charged, which could not be found when the late inventory of the Company's household furniture was taken, notwithstanding Powell had asserted in his letter of 29 March that he had delivered up everything under his care belonging to the Company. On 10 April the council bought 8 table cloths and 22 napkins, making in the whole 98 yards of goods, which Powell said he had bought for the Company's use, but being much too fine for that purpose, and little more than half the quantity charged, the council ordered them to be returned and Powell to be debited with them. On 7 April His Majesty's ship Peter arrived. The inventory of the stores being this day brought in and the prices settled according to the 31st, 32nd and 33rd paragraphs of the Company's general letter dated 16 December 1743, the council ordered that the stores be opened three days every week, and that due attendance be given, and that notice be published accordingly. Inventory of the Company's stores remaining in their warehouses on 12 March 1744, delivered up by Wright and now under the charge of Matthew Purling, storekeeper: Anchors: 11 large anchors, 1 ditto on the 4 ropes for the most part, 1 small anchor, without weight, 2 iron hoops, £323 3s [...] Carried over, £323 3s [...] Interpretations The 490 lb of cotton missing from an inventory taken after Powell had sworn in writing that he had delivered up everything under his care directly contradicts his own repeated assurances, giving the council documentary proof of a specific deficiency rather than the general suspicion it had acted on before. Ordering the fine table linen returned rather than simply debited at cost shows the council treating the mismatch between what Powell claimed to have bought and what the Company actually needed as itself evidence against him, refusing goods it judged bought for show rather than for service.
46	43	Brought over £323 . 3 . [...] Bunting viz.t 233¼ Yds Narrow Red @ 5¾ pYd 8 . 10 . 5¼ 100½ do Broad do @ do ditto 3 . 13 . 3¼ 3⅗ 12⅜ Yds do @ 9pYd 6 . 12 . 2½ 21 Yards White @ 6 do [...] . 10 . 6 36 do do damaged by Moths@ 6pYd [...] . 18 . [...] 20 . 4 . [...] Blankets 105 Blankets@ 5/8½ 30 . 8 . 1½ 12 ditto@ 9/1 5 . 9 . [...] 3 do@ 9/1 damaged 1 . 7 . 3 37 . 4 . 4½ Broad Cloth viz.t 4½ Yds Cloth Coloured@ 15/6 3 . 9 . 9 28¾ do Black@ 14/6 20 . 9 . 7½ 32½ do do@ 16/ 25 . 16 . [...] 49 . 15 . 4 Bread & Flower viz.t 178 . 3 . [...] Bread@ 16pfor£sc 115 . 19 . 7 202 Casks Flower very much damaged & Several of em above half out 179 . 5 . 7 625 . 5 . 2 Braziers Ware viz.t 1 Doz Small Skimmers 1 . 9 . 8½ 1 Large Skimmer@ 2/8 [...] . 10 . 8 8 Skimmers of different Sizes pDo 2 . 8 . [...] 2 do@ 14/1 1 . 8 . 8 1 do@ 9/1 [...] . 9 . 4 1 do@ 3/1 [...] . 3 . 4 14 Ladles@ 1/9 1 . 4 . 6 1 Copper Bath pan [...] . 16 . [...] Carried over 9 . [...] . 2¾ Carried over £1055 . 11 . 1¾	Brought over, £323 3s [...] Bunting 233.5 yards narrow, at 5.75d per yard, £5 10s 5.5d 100.5 yards broad, ditto, at ditto, £3 13s 3.5d 32.5 yards, ditto, at 4.75d per yard, £6 12s 2.5d 21 yards white, at 6d ditto, £0 10s 6d 36 yards ditto, damaged by moths, at 6d per yard, £0 18s 0d Total, £20 4s [...] Blankets 105 blankets at 5s 9.5d, £30 8s 1.5d 12 ditto at 9s 1d, £5 9s 0d 3 ditto at 9s 1d, damaged, £1 7s 3d Total, £37 4s 4.5d Broad cloth 4.5 yards cloth-coloured at 15s 6d, £3 9s 9d 28.5 yards black at 14s 6d, £20 9s 7.5d 32.5 yards ditto at 16s, £25 16s 0d Total, £49 15s 4.5d Bread and flour 178 cwt 3 quarters bread at 16s per cwt, £145 19s 7d 202 casks flour, very much damaged, several of them above half out, £179 5s 7d Total, £625 5s 2d Braziers' ware 1 dozen small skimmers, £1 9s 8.5d 1 large skimmer at 2s 8d, £0 10s 8d 8 skimmers of different sizes, £2 8s 0d 2 ditto at 14s 4d, £1 8s 8d 1 ditto at 9s 4d, £0 9s 4d 1 ditto at 3s 4d, £0 3s 4d 12 ladles at 1s 9d, £1 1s 6d 1 copper bash pan, £0 1s 6d Carried over, £9 [...] Carried over, £1,055 11s [...]
47	44	Brought over £1055 . 11 . 1¾ Braziers Ware Brought over [...] . 2¾ 11 Flatt Candlesticks@ 2/ 1 . 2 . [...] 3 ditto ditto@ 2/1 [...] . 7 . [...] 2 pr Large ditto@ 9/5 [...] . 18 . 10 3 Stands for Snuffers broke 4 Warming Panns@ 11/3 ea 2 . 5 . [...] 2 Brass Cocks broke [...] . 8 . 2 1 Copper Pumps@ 11/9 3 . 17 . [...] 38 Brass Chaffing Dishes 11 . 11 . 2 8 Copper Boiling Potts 11 . 18 . 4½ 2 ditto Hash Panns@ 18/3½ 1 . 16 . 5 2 do do@ 11/[...] 1 . 2 . [...] 3 do do [...] . [...] . 10 2 do Saucepans@ 6/[...] [...] . 12 . 1 9 pr Brass Candlesticks@ 6/9½ 3 . 1 . 1½ 8 Flat ditto 1 . 9 . 1 6 ditto do@ 2/9 [...] . 16 . 6 6 ditto do [...] . 14 . 10 52 . [...] . 7½ Blocks viz.t 1 Iron Bound Cat Blocks 1 . 5 . 8 2 ditto Snatch do 1 . 7 . 6 2 ditto Double Sop do 1 . 15 . [...] 1 do Single do 46 Dead Eyes & Iron work 8 . 8 . 2 12 Ditto 6 Double Long Tackles 1 . 8 . 7 8 Gun Blocks 1 . 4 . 4 Carried over Carried over £1107 . 12 . 6	Brought over, £1,055 11s [...] Braziers' ware, brought over, £0 [...] 11 flat candlesticks at 2s 1d, £1 2s 0d 3 ditto, ditto, at 2s 4d, £0 7s 0d 2 pairs large ditto at 9s 5d, £0 18s 10d 5 stands for snuffers, broke, [...] 4 warming pans at 11s 3d each, £2 5s 0d 2 brass locks, broke, £0 8s 2d 1 copper pump at 11s 2d, £3 17s 0d 38 brass chafing dishes, £11 11s 2d 8 copper boiling pots, £11 18s 4.5d 2 ditto hash pans at 18s 2d, £1 16s 5d 2 ditto, ditto, at 11s, £1 2s 0d 3 ditto, ditto, £0 7s 10d 2 ditto saucepans at 6s 0.5d, £0 12s 1d 9 pairs brass candlesticks at 6s 9d, £3 1s 1.5d 8 flat ditto, £1 9s 1d 6 ditto, ditto, at 2s 9d, £0 16s 6d 6 ditto, ditto, £0 14s 10d Total, £52 0s 7.5d Blocks 1 iron-bound cat block, £1 5s 8d 2 ditto, snatch, ditto, £1 7s 6d 2 ditto, double, ship, ditto, £[...] 15s 0d 1 ditto, single, ditto, £[...] 46 dead eyes in iron work, £8 8s 2d 12 ditto, [...] 6 double long tackles, £1 8s 7d 5 gun blocks, £1 4s 4d Carried over, £1,107 12s 6d
48	45	Brought over £1107 . 12 . 6 Blocks Brought over [...] . 4 . [...] 3 Top Sail Sheets Shouldered 1 . 7 . [...] 8 Single Top Sail Sheets [...] . 18 . 8 24 Clew Garnets 1 . 18 . 9 6 do 18 Inch Leechlines 1 . 1 . 8 6 13 do ditto [...] . 5 . [...] 1 Top Sail Tye Block [...] . 1 . 1 1 Top Gallant Clewline 1 . 1 . [...] 1 Clewline Block 20 . 5 . 6 Brandy 2025⅔ Gallons@ 3/11 396 . 12 . 2¾ Beef & Pork viz.t 7 Casks Beef@ £12 . 13 88 . 11 . [...] 16 do Pork@ 8 . 2 . 6 130 . [...] . [...] 218 . 11 . [...] Coals 35 Chaldron 5 Bushels@ [...] pBus 87 . 19 . 7 Copper Money 7586 Irish half pence 158 . [...] . 10 Combs viz.t 49 Horse Combs not Vendable [...] . 12 . 3 10 Buckling Combs 2 ditto broke [...] . 2 . 6 [...] . 14 . 9 Corks viz.t 23 Gross 10¾doz@ 2/3 pGross 2 . 13 . 8½ 7 Corkwood [...] . 1 . [...] 2 . 13 . 9½ Canvas &c viz.t 3 pcs 37½ Yds English Canvas@ [...]pYd 9 . 2 . 9 3 pcs English Sail Cloth@ [...]pYd 6 . 11 . 3 25¾ Yds Russia@ 1/[...] 7 . 7 . 4½ 139 pcs 18 Yds Sacking@ 16½ pYd 112 . 16 . 7 129 . 17 . 11½ Carried over £2091 . 6 . 2¾	Brought over, £1,107 12s 6d Blocks, brought over, £0 [...] 3 top-sail sheets, shoulders, £1 7s 0d 8 single top-sail sheets, £0 18s 8d 24 clew garnets, £1 18s 9d 6 18-inch leech lines, £1 1s 8d 6 13-inch ditto, £1 1s 8d 1 top-sail eye block, £0 5s 0d 1 top-gallant clew line, £1 1s 0d 1 clew-line block, £1 1s 0d Total, £20 5s 6d Brandy, 2,025.75 gallons at 3s 11d, £396 12s 2.5d Beef and pork 7 casks beef at £12 13s, £88 11s 0d 16 ditto pork at £8 2s 6d, £130 0s 0d Total, £218 11s 0d Coals, 35 chaldrons 5 bushels 14 feet [...], £87 19s 7d Copper money, 75,860 [...] half pence, £158 0s 10d Combs 49 horse combs, not vendible, £0 12s 3d 10 buckling combs, [...] 2 ditto, broke, £0 2s 6d Total, £0 14s 9d Corks 23 gross 10.5 dozen at 2s 3d per gross, £2 13s 8.5d [...] corkwood, £0 1s [...] Total, £2 13s 9.5d Canvas etc 3 pieces 37.5 yards English canvas at 12.5d per yard, £9 2s 9d 3 pieces English sail cloth at 3.5s per foot, £6 11s 3d 25.5 yards Russia at 13d, £7 7s 4.5d 139 pieces 18 yards sacking at 16.5d per foot, £112 16s 7d Total, £129 17s 11.5d Carried over, £2,092 6s 2.5d
49	46	Brought over £2091 . 8 . 2¾ Cutlers Ware viz.t 3 doz 8 Wood handle Butchers knives [...] . 18 . 4 3 ditto ditto Rusty 1 doz 3 Buckhandle Knives@ 3/[...] 1 . 4½ 1 Shoe knife Spoiled [...] . 6 . [...] 7 Cleavers@ 2/8 [...] . 18 . 8 2 Buckhandle pruning knives 1 . 5 . [...] 2 pr Silver Buckles No 19 [...] . 17 . 8 2 pr ditto do 20 [...] . 15 . 4 3 pr do do 21 [...] . 19 . 6 2 pr do do 22 [...] . 11 . [...] 5 . 8 . [...] Cart Wheels 1 pair 9 . 6 . 1 Cordage 8145 . 2 . 5@ 3½ pl.b 211 . 16 . 1 Deals viz.t 110 feet Oak plank@ 12 pft 5 . 10 . 6 8 pr Fir Timber rotten@ 11/3 2 . 16 . 8 14 Half Inl Elm Boards@ 3½ 2 . 5 . 8 1 Inl Wainscott Board [...] . 1 . [...] 40 Half Inl ditto@ 2¾ 1 . 13 . 4 5 Single Fir Deals@ 1/6 [...] . 7 . 6 16 Double Deals@ 2/8 6 . 2 . 8 22 . 4 Flannels & Serge viz.t 5 pcs 3 Yards Flannel@ 1/9 pY 17 . 6 . 8 ⅓ Yd German Serge [...] . 2 . 3½ 17 . 8 . 11½ Hatts viz.t 3 Silver Laced Hatts 22/ 3 . 6 . [...] 11 Plain Hatts & 1 Damaged 13/2 7 . 18 . [...] 11 . 4 . [...] Carried over £2399 . 11 . 8	Brought over, £2,092 6s 2.5d Cutlers' ware 3 dozen 8 wood-handle butchers' knives, £0 18s 4d 3 ditto, ditto, rusty, £0 [...] 1 dozen 3 buckhandle knives at 3s, £1 1s 0.5d 1 shoe knife, spoiled, £0 0s 6d 7 cleavers at 2s 8d, £0 18s 8d 2 buckhandle pruning knives, £0 1s 5d 2 pairs silver buckles, No 19, £0 17s 8d 2 pairs ditto, ditto, No 20, £0 15s 1d 3 pairs ditto, ditto, No 21, £0 19s 6d 2 pairs ditto, ditto, No 22, £0 11s 0d Total, £5 8s 2.5d Cart wheels, 1 pair, £9 6s 1d Cordage, 21 cwt 1 quarter 2 stone 5 lb at 3.5d per lb, £241 16s 1d Deals 110 feet oak plank at 12d per foot, £5 10s 6d 5 pieces fir timber, rotten, at 11.5d, £2 16s 8d 13 half-inch elm boards at 3.5d, £2 5s 8d 1 inch wainscot board, £0 1s 0d 10 half-inch ditto at 2.5d, £1 13s 1d 5 single fir deals at 1s 6d, £0 7s 6d 26 double deals at 2s 8d, £6 2s 8d Total, £22 0s 1d Flannels and serge 5 pieces 3 yards flannel at 1s 1d per yard, £17 6s 8d 0.5 yard German serge, £0 2s 3.5d Total, £17 8s 11.5d Hats 3 silver-laced hats at 22s, £3 6s 0d 11 plain hats, 1 damaged, at 13s 2d, £7 18s 0d Total, £11 4s 0d Carried over, £2,399 11s 8d
50	47	Brought over £2399 . 11 . 8 Gold & Silver Twist viz.t 18 oz Gold Twist@ 9/1 8 . 8 . [...] 13½ oz do Seizing@ 7/1 4 . 19 . [...] 52 oz do Shread@ 9/1 23 . 5 . 4 13½ oz Silver Twist@ 7/1 4 . 19 . [...] 21 oz ditto Seizing@ 7/1 59 oz ditto Shread@ 7/1 28 . 12 . [...] 71 . 3 . 4 Glaziers Ware viz.t 166 Square Diamond Cut 1 . 13 . 2 15 Half Plates Crown Glass@ 6/ 1 . 10 . [...] 960 Sqft Glass 12 by 12@ 8¾ 35 . [...] . [...] 242 ditto 8 by 10@ 4½ 1 . 10 . 9 153 ditto 6 by 8@ 2½ 1 . 5 . 6 3 Pint Decanters old Store@ 2/4 [...] . 7 . [...] 3 Beer Glasses ditto@ 7/[...] [...] . 1 . 9 21 Half Hour Glasses@ 6½ [...] . 11 . 4½ 28 do Minute do@ 6½ [...] . 15 . 2 6 Four Hour do@ 3/1 1 . [...] . [...] 1 Three do do [...] . 3 . 4 1 Two do do [...] . 3 . 4 60 Beer Glasses@ 8½ 2 . 2 . 6 68 Wine & Water Glasses@ 7½ 2 . 2 . 6 31 Doz 9 Wine Glasses@ 4 ea 6 . 19 . [...] 8 Quart Decanters 12 Pint Ditto@ 13½ pft 2 . 9 . 9¾ 11 Cruetts 63 . 15 . 2¾ Carried over £2534 . 10 . 2¾	Brought over, £2,399 11s 8d Gold and silver twist 18 oz gold twist, £8 8s 0d 13.5 oz ditto sleazing at 7s 1d, £4 19s 0d 52 oz ditto shred at 9s 1d, £21 5s 1d 13.5 oz silver twist at 7s 1d, £4 19s 0d 21 oz ditto sleazing at 7s 1d, £8 12s 0d 59 oz ditto shred at 7s 1d, £8 12s 0d Total, £71 3s 1d Glaziers' ware 1,166 square diamond cut, £1 13s 2d 15 half plates crown glass at 6s, £1 10s 0d 960 feet glass, 12 by 12, at 8.5d, £35 0s 0d 2 pieces 12 ditto, 8 by 10, at 1s 2d, £1 10s 9d 1 piece 53 ditto, 6 by 8, at 1s 2d, £1 5s 6d 3 pint decanters, old store, at 2s 4d, £0 7s 0d 3 beer glasses, ditto, at 7d, £0 1s 9d 21 half-hour glasses at 6.5d, £0 11s 1.5d 28 ditto minute ditto at 6.5d, £0 15s 2d 6 four-hour ditto at 3s 4d, £1 0s 0d 1 three ditto, ditto, £0 3s 4d 1 two ditto, ditto, £0 3s 4d 60 beer glasses at 8.5d, £2 2s 6d 68 wine and water glasses at 7.5d, £2 2s 6d 31 dozen 9 wine glasses at 4d each, £6 19s 0d 8 quart decanters and 12 pint ditto at 13.5d per foot, £2 9s 9.5d 11 crewits, £[...] Total, £63 15s 2.5d Carried over, £2,534 10s 2.5d
51	48	Brought over £2534 . 10 . 6¾ Hooks & Lines viz.t 16 doz Lines No 6@ 16lb 12 . 13 . 11 14 doz 2 ditto 5@ 1/5 9 . 5 . 1 32 doz 1 ditto 4@ 3/10 6 . 3 . [...] 31 doz 6 ditto 3@ 3/1 5 . 5 . [...] 17 doz 11 ditto 2@ 2/9 2 . 9 . 3 3 doz 3 ditto 1@ 2/9 [...] . 7 . ½ 79 doz Damaged Lines Sorted 29 . 17 . 4 242 . 5 . 2 Hooks Sorted@ [...] 26 . [...] . 2 111,300 Blue Hooks@ [...] 1 . 5 . 6½ 5,435 ditto pr Guardian 2 . 5 . 8 94 . 12 . [...] Haberdashers Ware viz.t 1 pc Broad Diaper Tape [...] . 1 . 4 57 pc Narrow ditto@ 13 3 . 1 . 9 241 pc broad Holland do@ 7¾ 7 . 15 . 7¾ 173 pc Narrow ditto@ 5¾ 3 . 18 . 8½ 11 pc Carnation@ 5 [...] . 17 . 1 110 pc Broad White Tape 5 pc ditto Eaten by Rats 12 . 6 . 9 110 pc Coloured Tape 5 . 17 . 3 239 pc Bobbing@ 3 2 . 19 . 9 9 . 3 Whale Bone@ 1/9 2 . 3 . 7¾ 3 . 2 Belladine Silk@ 26/8 1 . 3 . 4 2 . 8 Mohair@ 11/7 1 . 8 . 11½ 500 Needles@ 16½ [...] . 2 . 7½ 1800 ditto damaged@ 16¼ [...] . 6 . 9¼ Carried over Carried over£ 2691 . 2 . 3¾	Brought over, £2,534 10s 2.5d Hooks and lines 16 dozen lines No 6 at 16s per dozen, £12 13s 11d 11 dozen 2 ditto, No 5, at 1s 5d, £9 5s 1d 32 dozen 1 ditto, No 4, at 3s 10d, £6 3s [...] 31 dozen 6 ditto, No 3, at 3s 4d, £5 5s [...] 17 dozen 11 ditto, No 2, at 2s 9d, £2 9s 3d 3 dozen 3 ditto, No 1, at 2s 9d, £0 7s 0.5d 79 dozen damaged lines, sorted, £29 17s 4d 242 lb 5 oz 2 dr hooks, sorted, £25 0s 2d 111,300 blue hooks, £1 5s 6.5d 5,435 ditto, per the Guardian, £2 5s 8d Total, £94 12s [...] Haberdashers' ware 1 piece broad diaper tape, £0 1s 1d 57 pieces narrow ditto at 13d, £3 1s 9d 241 pieces broad Holland ditto at 7.75d, £7 15s 7.75d 173 pieces narrow ditto at 5.25d, £3 18s 8.5d 41 pieces carnation at 5d, £0 17s 1d 110 pieces broad white tape, and 5 pieces ditto eaten by rats, £12 6s 9d 110 pieces coloured tape, £5 17s 3d 239 pieces bobbing at 3d, £2 19s 9d 9 lb 3 oz whalebone at 1s 9d, £2 3s 7.25d 3 lb 2 oz belladine silk at 26s 8d, £4 3s 1d 2 lb 8 oz mohair at 11s 7d, £1 8s 11.5d 500 needles at 6.5d, £0 2s 7.5d 1,800 ditto, damaged, at 6.5d, £0 6s 9.25d Carried over, £269 2s 2.25d
52	49	Brought over £2691 . 2 . 2¾ Haberdashers Ware Brought over [...] 19 doz Coat Buttons@ 6/8 pGross [...] . 10 . 6¼ 135 Yd Ferrilling@ 2¾ 1 . 10 . 10¾ 8½ Yd Galloons@ 3½ 1 . [...] . 10½ 100½ Yd Stay Tape@ 2½ 1 . 11 . 9 1 Gross of 3 Yd Stay Laces [...] . 6 . 8 22 pc 8 Yd Gartering 5 . 10 . 6½ 55 . 11 . 9¾ Hosiers Ware viz.t 3 pr Girls Worsted@ 2/ 1 . 8 . [...] 11 pr do do Damaged@ 2/ 1 Pair Womans ditto@ 3/8 3 . 2 . 4 17 do do do Damaged@ 3/8 9 do Boys do [...] . 19 . 6 1 do do do Damaged [...] . 2 . 2 1 do Silk Stockings ditto [...] . 8 . 3 6 . [...] . 3 Tacks 12 Sorted & Spoild 35/1 21 . 4 . [...] Iron Potts viz.t 5 Kettles@ 22/2 5 . 10 . 10 39 Small Iron Potts 7 . 12 . 7 13 . 3 . 5 Iron & Steel 27 . 4 from 1½@ [...] 19 . 1 . 8 Ironmongers Ware viz.t 39 Bolt rope Needles &c [...] . 1 . 3¼ 1 Iron Rimbd Lock A is no key [...] . 11 . [...] 1 Ditto B Ditto 2 . 4 . [...] 1 Stock Lock is out a key [...] . 11 . ½ 2 Large Ditto Spoild 1 . 4 . [...] Carried over£ [...] Carried over£ 2814 . 3 . 1½	Brought over, £269 2s 2.25d Haberdashers' ware, brought over, £269 2s 2.25d 19 dozen coat buttons at 6s 8d per gross, £0 10s 6.5d 135 yards ferretting at 2.25d, £1 10s 10.5d 8.5 yards galloons at 3d, £1 0s 10.5d 100.5 yards stay tape at 2d, £1 11s 9d 1 gross of 3 yards stay laces, £0 6s 8d 22 pieces 8 yards gartering, £5 10s 6.5d Total, £55 11s 9.5d Hosiers' ware 3 pairs girls' worsted at 2s, £1 8s 0d 11 pairs ditto, ditto, damaged, at 2s, £1 8s 0d 1 pair women's ditto, at 3s 8d, £3 2s 4d 17 ditto, ditto, ditto, damaged, at 3s 8d, £3 2s 4d 9 ditto boys' ditto, £0 19s 6d 1 ditto, ditto, ditto, damaged, £0 2s 2d 1 ditto silk stockings, ditto, £0 8s 3d Total, £6 0s 3d Jacks, 12, sorted and spoiled, at 35s, £21 1s 0d Iron pots 5 kettles at 22s 2d, £5 10s 10d 39 small iron pots, £7 12s 7d Total, £13 3s 5d Iron and steel, 27 cwt 1 quarter, from 18s [...], £19 1s 8d Ironmongers' ware 39 bolt rope needles etc, £0 1s 3.5d 1 iron rimmed lock, marked A, with no key, £0 1s 11d 1 ditto, marked B, ditto, £0 2s 4.5d 1 stock lock, without a key, £0 0s 11.5d 2 large ditto, spoiled, £0 1s 4d Carried over, £271 4s 3.5d
53	50	Brought over £2744 . 3 . 1½ Ironmongers Ware Brought over 11 Stock Locks w. Pipes@ 3/11 2 . 4 . 1 1 Do Without a key [...] . 1 . 11 12 Do@ 6/½ 3 . 12 . 6 4 Do Good for Nothing 11 Iron Rimbd Locks not Vendable 1 . 17 . 11 11 Ditto ditto 6 . 17 . 10 12 Ditto w.out Keys quite Spoild 6 . 19 . [...] 1 Large Brass Lock not Vendable [...] . 9 . [...] 3 Small Ditto w. no keys [...] . 16 . [...] 13 Till Locks@ 2/1 damaged 1 . 7 . 1 4 Ditto@ 2/1 [...] . 8 . 4 2 Ditto@ 2/1 w. no keys [...] . 4 . 2 4 Ditto@ 4/5 damaged [...] . 17 . 8 7 Ditto@ 4/5 no keys 1 . 10 . 11 22 Box Locks w. Brass Plates 2 . [...] . 4 7 Ditto w. Iron Ditto [...] . 11 . 8 10 Brass Escrutores Locks w. no keys po 85 Broad Hoes 6 Ditto Rusty 7 . 15 . 10 15 Jack Planes@ 2/3 1 . 7 . 6 4 Long ditto@ 3/10½ [...] . 15 . 5 3 Smoothing do@ 1/3½ [...] . 4 . 1½ 23 Padlocks@ 2/9 [...] . 4 . 1½ 33 Plane Irons@ 1/2 2 . 19 . 5 13 ditto@ 1/2 spoild [...] . 12 . 4½ [...] . 10 . [...] Carried over£ Carried over£ 2744 . 3 . 1½	Brought over, £271 4s 3.5d Ironmongers' ware, brought over, £271 4s 3.5d 11 stock locks with pipes at 3s 11d, £2 11s 1d 1 ditto without a key, £0 1s 11d 12 ditto at 6s 0.5d, £3 12s 6d 1 ditto, good for nothing, [...] 11 iron-rimmed locks, not vendible, £1 17s 11d 11 ditto, ditto, £6 17s 10d 12 ditto without keys, quite spoiled, £6 19s 0d 1 large brass lock, not vendible, £0 9s 0d 3 small ditto, with no keys, £0 16s 0d 13 till locks at 2s 1d, damaged, £1 7s 1d 1 ditto at 2s 1d, £0 8s 1d 2 ditto at 2s 1d, with no keys, £0 1s 2d 4 ditto at 4s 5d, damaged, £0 17s 8d 1 ditto at 1s 5d, no keys, £1 10s 11d 22 box locks with brass plates, £2 0s 1d 7 ditto with iron ditto, £0 11s 8d 10 brass escutcheon locks, with no keys, £0 [...] 85 broad hoes, and 6 ditto rusty, £7 15s 10d 13 jack planes at 2s 2d, £1 7s 6d 1 long ditto at 3s 10.5d, £0 15s 5d 3 smoothing ditto at 1s 7.5d, £0 1s 1.5d 23 padlocks at 2s 9d, £2 19s 5d 33 plane irons at 4.5d, £0 12s 1.5d 13 ditto at 4.5d, spoiled, £0 1s 10.5d Carried over, £271 4s 3.5d
54	51	Brought over £2744 . 3 . 1½ Ironmongers Ware Brought over 7 Planes Sorted & Spoilt [...] . 9 . 4 26 Ripping Axes@ 2/4 3 . [...] . 8 21 Gouges@ 2¾ [...] . 4 . 9¾ 1 ditto broke [...] . [...] . 2¾ 3 Sythes [...] . 16 . 6 1 ditto Spoiled [...] . 5 . [...] 24 Pair Sheep Shears@ 1/3 1 . 6 . [...] 6 do ditto Damaged [...] . 6 . 6 17 Adzes@ 2/2 1 . 16 . 10 36 Bay Stones@ 1/3 pdy [...] . 3 . 3 1 ditto broke [...] . [...] . 1½ 22 Scrapers@ 2/6 1 . 16 . 8 2 do broke [...] . 3 . 4 1 Spade [...] . 3 . 3½ 5 do broke [...] . 16 . 5½ 3 Shad Shovels@ 4/3 1 . 2 . 3½ 1 ditto broke [...] . 1 . 5¼ 5 Edging Iron@ 4/½ 1 . [...] . 2½ 2 ditto broke [...] . 8 . 1 10 Turfing Irons@ 2/10½ 1 . 8 . 9 16 Large Frying Pans@ 3/5 2 . 14 . 8 1 ditto Rusty [...] . 3 . 5 99 Frying Pans pr Guardian@ 1/8 8 . 5 . [...] 7 Iron Sugar Shovels@ 1/7 [...] . 11 . 1 5 ditto broke [...] . 7 . 11 Carried over£ Carried over£ 2744 . 3 . 1½	Brought over, £271 4s 3.5d Ironmongers' ware, brought over, £271 4s 3.5d 7 planes, sorted and spoiled, £0 9s 4d 26 ripping saws at 2s 4d, £3 0s 8d 21 gouges at 2.25d, £0 1s 9.25d 1 ditto, broke, £0 0s 2.25d 3 scythes, £0 16s 6d 1 ditto, spoiled, £0 5s 0.25d 24 pairs sheep shears at 1s 3d, £1 6s 0d 6 ditto, ditto, damaged, £0 6s 6d 17 adzes at 2s 0.5d, £1 16s 10d 36 bay stones at 1s 3d per dozen, £0 3s 3d 1 ditto, broke, £0 0s 1.25d 22 scrapers at 2s 6d, £1 16s 8d 2 ditto, broke, £0 3s 1d 1 spade, £0 3s 3.5d 5 ditto, broke, £0 16s 5.5d 3 shod shovels at 7s 8d, £1 9s 2.5d 1 ditto, broke, £0 1s 5.5d 3 edging irons at 8d, £1 0s 2.5d 2 ditto, broke, £0 8s 1d 10 surfing irons at 2s 10.5d, £1 8s 9d 16 large frying pans at 3s 6d, £2 14s 8d 1 ditto, rusty, £0 3s 5d 99 frying pans, per the Guardian, at 1s 8d, £8 5s 0d 7 iron sugar shovels at 1s 7d, £0 11s 1d 5 ditto, broke, £0 7s 11d Carried over, £271 4s 3.5d
55	52	Brought over £2744 . 3 . 1½ Ironmongers Ware Brought over 8 Steel Fox Traps@ 8/3 3 . 6 . [...] 2 double Spring ditto Rusty@ 27/6 2 . 15 . [...] 3 Steel Rat Traps good for nothing 21 Helves@ 6¼ [...] . 10 . 11¼ 32 Mauls 5 . 18 . 1½ 3 Key hole Saws@ 2/3 [...] . 6 . 9 23 Pickaxes 2 . 17 . 6 1 Large hammer [...] . 3 . 10 4 Hand ditto@ 2/[...] [...] . 6 . 8 9 Augers@ 2/9¾ 1 . 3 . 9¾ 56 Lead Nails@ 5¼ 1 . 5 . 8 24 Drill bow Strings damy by Rats [...] . 17 . 8 12 Drill Boxes [...] . 3 . 4 6 doz File Hafts Sorted [...] . 1 . 6 21 Sythe Stones 2 . 8 . 4 3 . 12 Brass Wire@ 2/6 [...] . 9 . 1½ 17 Triners Hatchets@ 2/[...] 1 . 14 . [...] 10 Pair Steelyards@ 5/6 2 . 15 . [...] 2 Hand Hatchets@ 1/2 [...] . 2 . 4 25 Chizels@ 1/[...] 1 . 2 . 11 10 Firmers@ 3/ all Spoild [...] . 2 . 6 96 Large Gimblets@ 2¾ 1 . 2 . 5½ 26 doz 4 Small ditto 2 . 3 . 10½ 28 Grid Irons@ 1/5 1 . 15 . [...] 11 Fire Shovels & Tongs@ 1/1½ 1 . 6 . 11½ Carried over£ Carried over£ 2744 . 3 . 1½	Brought over, £271 4s 3.5d Ironmongers' ware, brought over, £271 4s 3.5d 8 steel fox traps at 8s 3d, £3 6s 0d 2 double spring ditto, rusty, at 27s 6d, £2 15s 0d 3 steel rat traps, good for nothing, [...] 21 helves at 6.5d, £0 10s 11.5d 32 mauls, £5 18s 1.5d 3 keyhole saws at 2s 3d, £0 6s 9d 23 pickaxes, £2 17s 6d 1 large hammer, £0 3s 10d 1 hand ditto at 20d, £0 6s 8d 9 augers at 2s 7.25d, £1 3s 9.25d 56 lb lead nails at 5.5d, £1 5s 8d 21 drill bow strings, damaged by rats, £0 17s 8d 12 drill boxes, £0 3s 1d 6 dozen file hafts, sorted, £0 1s 6d 21 scythe stones, £0 2s 8.25d 3 dozen 12 brass wires at 2s 6d, £0 9s 1.5d 17 joiners' hatchets at 2s, £1 14s 0d 10 pairs steelyards at 5s 6d, £2 15s 0d 2 hand hatchets at 1s 2d, £0 2s 4d 25 chisels at 11d, £1 2s 11d 10 firmers at 3d, all spoiled, £0 2s 6d 96 large gimlets at 2.75d, £1 2s 5.5d 26 dozen 4 small ditto, £2 3s 10.5d 28 grid irons at 15d, £1 15s 0d 11 fire shovels and tongs at 2s 1.75d, £1 6s 11.5d Carried over, £271 4s 3.5d
56	53	Brought over £2744 . 3 . 1½ Ironmongers Ware Brought over 10 Pair Tongs@ 16½ [...] . 13 . 9 17 Bricklayers Axes@ 3/3 2 . 15 . 3 6 Hedging Bills@ 1/3 [...] . 7 . 6 23 Trowells@ 1/ 1 . 3 . [...] 15 Grubing Hoes 2 . 18 . 1½ 67 Caulking Irons@ 7/ 1 . 19 . 1 129 Small Stone Wedges@ [...] 1 . 6 . [...] 8 Curriers Knives@ 7/8 3 . 1 . 4 1 Drawing do@ 8/ 1 . [...] . [...] 6 Sickles@ 2/9 [...] . 13 . [...] 13 Reap Hooks@ 6½ [...] . 7 . [...] 1 Chaffing Dishes [...] . 3 . 1½ 16 Hay Forks All Spoild 1 . 14 . [...] 15 Pair Joiners Pincers@ 4 [...] . 5 . [...] 4 Whimbleslicks@ 8/6 1 . 14 . [...] 21 Beloney Bolts 1 . 9 . [...] 207 Plate do Sorted 7 . 9 . 1½ 95 Dutch Rings [...] . 9 . 4½ 3 Whip Saws 3 . 7 . 10¾ 532 Staples 1 . 3 . 9½ 8 pr Iron Snuffers@ 1/2 [...] . 9 . 4 8 Axletrees & Winches@ 2/ [...] . 16 . [...] 4 Hand Spitts@ 2/6 [...] . 10 . [...] 9 pr Bellows@ 2/1 1 . 1 . [...] 32 pr Irons 2 . [...] . [...] Carried over£ Carried over£ 2744 . 3 . 1½	Brought over, £271 4s 3.5d Ironmongers' ware, brought over, £271 4s 3.5d 10 pairs tongs at 1s 6.5d, £0 15s 9d 17 bricklayers' axes at 3s 3d, £2 15s 3d 6 hedging bills at 1s 3d, £0 7s 6d 23 trowels at 1s, £1 3s 0d 15 grubbing hoes, £2 18s 1.5d 67 [...] irons at 7d, £1 19s 1d 129 small stone wedges at 8d, £1 6s 0d 8 curriers' knives at 7s 8d, £3 1s 4d 1 drawing ditto at 8s, £1 0s 0d 6 sickles at 2s 6d, £0 13s 0d 13 reap hooks at 6.5d, £0 7s 0.5d 1 chafing dish, £0 3s 1.5d 16 hay forks, some spoiled, £1 14s 0d 15 pairs joiners' pincers at 4d, £0 5s 0d 1 wimble-sticks at 8s 6d, £1 14s 0d 21 balconey bolts, £1 9s 1.75d 207 plate, sorted, £7 9s 1.75d 95 Dutch rings, £0 9s 1.5d 3 whip saws, £3 7s 10.5d 532 staples, £1 3s 9.5d 8 pairs iron snuffers at 1s 2d, £0 9s 1d 8 stiletoes and winches at 2s, £0 16s 0d 1 hand spits at 2s 6d, £0 10s 0d 9 pairs bellows at 2s 4d, £1 1s 0d 32 pairs arrows [...], £2 0s 0d Carried over, £271 4s 3.5d
57	54	Brought over £2744 . 3 . 1½ Ironmongers Ware Brought over 2 Chiping Knives@ 1/ [...] . 2 . [...] 3 Augurs [...] . 1 . 6 13 Gimblets Bitts [...] . 3 . 3 2 Whip Saw Files [...] . 11 . [...] 3 Pair Garden Sheers [...] . 7 . 9 52 Palms 20 Brass Escutcheons 1 Pestle & Mortar [...] . 5 . 3 115 Taylors Thimbles [...] . 14 . 1½ 151 . 6 . 9¾ Kersey 12 pc 29¼ Yd@ 13½ 23 . 4 . 10½ Leather viz.t 1 Calve Skin [...] . 7 . 6¾ 6 Sole Leather@ 8¾ [...] . 6 . 6¾ [...] . 14 . 1½ Lead viz.t 58 . 2 . 21 Sheet Lead 19/ pcwt 55 . 15 . ¾ 2 . 16 Pigg ditto@ 2¾ 2 . 5 . [...] 10 Yards 2 Inl Pipe 30 do 1 Inl do for a Leaden pump 13 . 13 . 6 71 . 13 . 6¾ Masts viz.t 1 Main Yard 60 feet 13 . [...] . [...] 1 Fish 56½ do 7 . 10 . [...] 1 do 54½ do 6 . [...] . [...] 1 Large Mast 76 do 22 Inl 10 . 18 . 6 1 ditto 76 do 21 Inl 33 . 11 . [...] Carried over£ Carried over£ 2991 . 2 . 8¾	Brought over, £271 4s 3.5d Ironmongers' ware, brought over, £271 4s 3.5d 2 chopping knives at 1s, £0 2s 0d 3 augers, £0 1s 6d 13 gimlet bits, £0 3s 3d 2 whip saw files, £0 11s 0d 3 pairs garden shears, £0 7s 9d 52 palms, all spoiled, [...] 20 brass escutcheons, all spoiled, [...] 1 pestle and mortar, all spoiled, £0 5s 3d 115 tailors' thimbles, all spoiled, £0 14s 1.5d Total, £151 6s 9.5d Kersey, 12 pieces 29.5 yards at 13d, £23 4s 10.5d Leather 1 calf skin, £0 7s 6.5d 6 pieces sole leather at 8.75d, £0 6s 6.5d Total, £0 14s 1d Lead 58 cwt 2 quarters 21 lb sheet lead at 19s per cwt, £55 15s [...] 2 cwt 16 lb pig ditto, £2 5s 0d 10 yards 2 feet pipe, and 50 ditto 1 foot ditto, for a garden pump, £13 13s 6d Total, £71 13s 6.5d Masts 1 main yard, 60 feet, £13 0s 0d 1 fish, 56.5 ditto, £7 10s 0d 1 ditto, 5.5 ditto, £6 0s 0d 1 large mast, 76 feet 22 inches, £40 18s 6d 1 ditto, 76 feet 21 inches, £33 11s 0d Carried over, £2,991 2s 8.5d
58	55	Brought over £2991 . 2 . 8¾ Masts Brought over 1 Fore Top Mast 18 . [...] . [...] 1 Top Mast 63 ft 17½ Inl 17 . [...] . [...] 1 ditto 63 ft 16½ do 16 . [...] . [...] 1 ditto 70 ft 17½ do 18 . [...] . [...] 1 ditto 63½ ft 17½ do 21 . 15 . [...] 1 Sheer Mast 61 ft 17 do 15 . [...] . [...] 1 pc of a Top Mast 1 pc of a Fish Spoild 2 Caps 3 . 3 . [...] 209 . 17 . 6 Nails viz.t 1387 pike Nails@ 3/[...] 59 . 8 . 1 676 Flooring Brads@ 4/[...] 11 . 19 . 5 55 Coopers Rivett@ 5/[...] 1 . 5 . 8 5 . 3 Nails@ 7 [...] . 2 . 11 198 Scupper do@ 5½ 11 . 18 . 3 508 . 20 Nails@ 3/[...] 7 . 8 . 2 311 . 30 do@ 3½ [...] . 10 . 8½ 97 . 40 do@ 3/[...] 1 . 8 . 3¼ 98 . 1 . 6 Oars viz.t 6 Oars 22 ft@ 5/8 1 . 14 . [...] 11 do 18 do@ 1/8 9 . 11 . 4 14 do 16 do@ 3/6 2 . 9 . [...] 4 do 14 do@ 3/4 [...] . 13 . 4 14 . 7 . 8 Pumps 2 12 . 8 . 4 Ploughs 1 1 . 4 . 7¾ Carried over£ 3330 . 2 . 1½	Brought over, £2,991 2s 8.5d Masts, brought over, £2,991 2s 8.5d 1 fore top mast, £18 0s 0d 1 top mast, 63 feet 17.5 inches, £17 0s 0d 1 ditto, 63 feet 16.5 inches, £16 0s 0d 1 ditto, 70 feet 17.5 inches, £18 0s 0d 1 ditto, 63.5 feet 17.5 inches, £21 15s 0d 1 sheer mast, 67 feet 17 inches, £15 0s 0d 1 piece of a top mast, spoiled, [...] 1 piece of a fish, spoiled, [...] 2 caps, £3 3s 0d Total, £209 17s 6d Nails 1,387 spike nails at 3.5d, £59 8s 1d 676 flooring brads at 4.25d, £11 19s 5d 55 coopers' rivets at 5.5d, £1 5s 8d 5 lb 3 oz nails at 7d, £0 2s 11d 198 scupper ditto at 5.5d, £11 18s 3d 508 20 nails at 3.5d, £7 8s 2d 311 30 ditto at 3.5d, £4 10s 8.5d 97 40 ditto at 3.5d, £1 8s 3.5d Total, £98 1s 6d Oars 6 oars, 22 feet, at 5s 8d, £1 14s 0d 11 ditto, 18 ditto, at 1s 8d, £9 11s 4d 14 ditto, 16 ditto, at 3s 6d, £2 9s 0d 4 ditto, 14 ditto, at 3s 4d, £0 13s 4d Total, £14 7s 8d Pumps, 2, £12 8s 1d Ploughs, 1, £1 1s 7.5d Carried over, £3,330 2s 1.5d
59	56	Brought over £3330 . 2 . 1½ Oil viz.t 607 Gallons Linseed@ 4/[...] 131 . [...] . 11 461 do Rape & Train@ 3/4 77 . 6 . 8 179 Bottles Florence@ 2/6 22 . 7 . 6 233 . 15 . 1 Paint viz.t 9 . 18 White Lead damaged@ 28/10 13 . 3 . 10½ 1 . 12 Umber ditto@ [...]pd 2 . 1 . 4 3 . 4 Yellow Oaker Do@ 7¼ 3 . 10 . 10 3 . 1 . 12 Red Lead@ 16/1 2 . 14 . 10 5 Brim Stone [...] . 6 . 10 1 . 25 ditto good for Nothing [...] . 14 . 5 1 . 1 . 12 Red Oaker@ 7¾ 1 . 11 . 8 1 . 1 . 27 Spanish White damaged@ 2/pd [...] . 9 . [...] 1 . 18 Blue Smalts 10 . 16 . 8 1 . 23 Indico 1 . 5 . [...] 15 . 8 . 5½ Pewter viz.t 11 Cheese Flats@ 6/ 3 . 6 . [...] 4 Covers for Dishes not Vendable [...] . 15 . 4 5 Gallon Pots@ 9/11 2 . 9 . 7 14 Two Quart do@ 5/2 3 . 12 . 4 1 Quart do [...] . 3 . 4 12 Quart Funnells@ 2/3 1 . 14 . 6 35 dozen Spoons@ 2/1 3 . 12 . 11 4 do 11 Alkimy Spoons@ 5/10 1 . 8 . 8 8 Cullenders@ 6½ 2 . 8 . 4 3 Crewitts Damaged@ 2/2 [...] . 6 . 6 Carried over£ Carried over£ 3609 . 5 . 11	Brought over, £3,330 2s 1.5d Oil 607 gallons linseed at 4s 6d, £131 0s 11d 167 ditto rape and train at 3s 4d, £27 6s 8d 179 bottles Florence at 2s 6d, £22 7s 6d Total, £233 15s 1d Paint 1 cwt 18 lb white lead, damaged, at 28s 6d, £13 3s 10.5d 1 cwt 12 lb umber, ditto, at 4d, £2 1s 1d 3 cwt 1 lb yellow ochre at 7d, £3 10s 10d 3 cwt 1 quarter 12 lb red lead at 16d, £2 11s 10d 5 cwt brimstone, £0 [...] 10d 1 quarter 25 lb ditto, good for nothing, £0 11s 5d 1 cwt 1 quarter 12 lb red ochre at 2d, £1 11s 8d 1 cwt 1 quarter 27 lb Spanish white, damaged, at 2d, £0 9s 0d 1 cwt 18 lb blue smalts, £10 16s 8d 1 cwt 23 lb indigo, £1 5s 0d Total, £15 8s 5.5d Pewter 11 cheese plates at 6s, £3 6s 0d 1 covers for dishes, not vendible, £0 15s 1d 5 gallon pots at 9s 11d, £2 9s 7d 14 two-quart ditto at 5s 2d, £3 12s 1d 1 quart ditto, £0 3s 1d 12 quart funnels at 2s 3d, £1 14s 6d 35 dozen spoons at 2s 1d, £3 12s 11d 1 dozen 11 alchemy spoons at 5s 10d, £1 8s 8d 8 cullenders at 6.5d, £2 8s 1d 3 crewits, damaged, at 2s 2d, £0 6s 6d Carried over, £3,609 5s 11d
60	57	Brought over £3609 . 5 . 11 Pewter Brought over 26 Sawcers not Vendable [...] . 2 . 2 1 Tea Kettle & Lamp ditto [...] . 13 . ½ 22 Dishes@ 6/6 [...] 7 ditto@ 7/4 [...] 16 ditto@ 8/1 23 . 7 . 8 6 ditto@ 10/ [...] 6 ditto@ 13/1 [...] 3 Dozen Soup Plates 3 . [...] . [...] 2 Worm Tubs & Stills 21 . 4 . 8 1 Plate damaged 71 . 5 . ½ Pitch & Tarr viz.t Ct. 2 . 1 Pitch 1 . 2 . 16 Do Dross@ 9/1 pc 25 . [...] . 3½ 10 . 3 . 16 Tarr 8 . 1 . 19 do Dross@ 1/8 pc 18 . 18 . [...] 8 Barrls Turpentine 2 . 1 . 14 pBarl 13 . 18 . [...] 5½ do Rozin 3 . 25½ pd 10 . 18 . 7½ 68 . 14 . 11 Starch &c viz.t 77 Starch 1 . 12 . 1 119 Hair Powder 3 . 3 . 10 1 . 15 . 11 Salt 6 Casks pd 36 Bushels 5/10 10 . 10 . [...] Soap 3 . 2 . 5 12 . 8 . 1½ Shalloon 41½ Yd@ [...]0 3 . 9 . 7 Carried over£ 3780 . 9 . 6	Brought over, £3,609 5s 11d Pewter, brought over, £3,609 5s 11d 2 saucers, not vendible, £0 2s 2d 1 tea kettle and lamp, ditto, £0 13s [...] 22 dishes at 6d, £0 [...] 7 ditto at 9d, £0 [...] 16 ditto at 8d, £23 7s 8d 6 ditto at 10d, £0 [...] 6 ditto at 13d, £0 [...] 3 dozen soup plates, £3 0s 0d 2 worm tubs and stills, £21 1s 8d 1 plate, damaged, £0 [...] Total, £71 3s [...] Pitch and tar 2 cwt 1 quarter pitch, [...] 2 cwt 16 lb ditto, dross, at 9s 7d per cwt, £25 0s 3.5d 10 cwt 3 quarters 16 lb tar, [...] 8 cwt 1 quarter 19 lb ditto, dross, at 1s 8d per cwt, £18 18s 0d 8 barrels turpentine, 2 cwt 1 quarter 14 lb per barrel, £13 18s 0d 5.5 cwt rosin, 3 quarters 25.5 lb per ditto, £10 18s 7.5d Total, £68 14s 11d Starch etc 77 lb starch, £1 12s 1d 11 lb hair powder, £3 3s 10d Total, £1 15s 11d Salt, 6 casks of 36 bushels, £10 10s 0d Soap, 3 cwt 2 quarters 5 lb, £12 8s 1.5d Shalloon, 41.5 yards at 20d, £3 9s 7d Carried over, £3,780 9s 6d
61	58	Brought over £3780 . 9 . 6 Shoes viz.t 100 pr Mens Ordinary@ 4/1 20 . 8 . 4 9 do Womans@ 2/9 1 . 4 . 9 22 do Girls@ 2¼ 2 . 3 . 3 26 do Boys Ordinary@ 3/4 3 . 19 . 1 12 do ditto Sins@ 3/8 2 . 4 . [...] 17 do ditto Sorted@ 3/2 2 . 13 . 10 7 Womans Laste@ 8 [...] . 4 . 8 2 Girls do@ 4¼ [...] . [...] . 8½ 32 . 16 . 7½ Soldiers Clothes viz.t 104 Sopt Coats 120 . [...] . 8 1 Drummers do 2 . 15 . [...] 39 doz 6 Yards Looping 2 . 8 . 2 125 . 3 . 10 Scales & Weights viz.t 3 pr Brass Scales Stores Use 1 pr ditto Scales 22 . 13 . 4 5 pr Beams for Scales 35 . 15 . [...] 1 pr Scale Boards 1 pr ditto ditto Rotten 8 . 5 . [...] 66 . 13 . 4 Thread viz.t 3 White & Brown@ 5/6 [...] . 16 . 6 ½ do ditto@ 4/8 [...] . 2 . 4 2 do ditto@ 4/1 [...] . 8 . 2 15 . 15 Nuns 15 . 18 . 6 17 . 5 . 6 Tobacco 2 . 5 pr Sngls 4½ 1 . 5 . 10½ Carried over£ 4056 . 1 . 8	Brought over, £3,780 9s 6d Shoes 100 pairs men's ordinary at 4s 1d, £20 8s 4d 9 pairs women's at 2s 9d, £1 4s 9d 22 pairs girls' at 2.5d, £2 1s 3d 26 pairs boys' ordinary at 3s 4d, £3 19s 1d 12 pairs ditto, ditto, at 3s 8d, £2 4s 0d 17 pairs ditto, ditto, sorted, at 3s 2d, £2 13s 10d 7 women's laced at 8d, £0 4s 8d 2 girls' ditto at 4d, £0 8.5d Total, £32 16s 7.5d Soldiers' clothes 104 suits coats, £120 0s 8d 1 drummer's ditto, £2 15s 0d 37 dozen 6 yards looping, £2 8s 2d Total, £125 3s 10d Scales and weights 3 pairs brass scales, storehouse use, £22 13s 4d 1 pair ditto scales, [...] 5 pairs beams for scales, £35 15s 0d 1 pair scale boards, [...] 1 pair ditto, ditto, bottom, £8 5s 0d Total, £66 13s 4d Thread 3 lb white and brown at 5s 6d, £0 16s 6d 0.5 lb ditto at 4s 8d, £0 2s 4d 2 lb ditto at 4s 1d, £0 8s 2d 15 lb 15 oz nuns, £15 18s 6d Total, £17 5s 6d Tobacco, 2 cwt 5 quarters at 12d, £1 5s 10.5d Carried over, £4,056 14s 8d
62	59	Brought over £4056 . 1 . 8 Turners Ware viz.t 56 Hair Brooms damaged@ 16¾ 3 . 17 . [...] 11 Ditto good for Nothing 1 . 1 . 2½ 68 Scrubing Brushes@ 16 1 . 10 . 8 14 Ditto Damaged [...] . 18 . 8 1 ditto good for Nothing [...] . 1 . [...] 34 Clothes Brushes 1 . 16 . 10 3 do damaged [...] . 3 . 3 14 Iubmens Yoaks@ 13 [...] . 15 . 2 23 Ox Bowes [...] . 13 . 10½ 281 Bowls@ 7 1 . 6 . 5 159 Platters@ 7 1 . 12 . 9 3 Ditto broke [...] . 1 . 9 52 Ladles@ 7 [...] . 8 . 8 1 ditto broke 37 Straining Dishes@ 3 [...] . 9 . 3 3 Cows [...] . 3 . 3¼ 13 quare Trays 1 . 11 . [...] 17 Hops@ 13½ 1 . 6 . 7½ 20 Hair Sieves Good for Nothing 1 . 13 . 4 5 Corn do do 4 Skimming Dishes [...] . 8 . 3½ 1 Ditto Spoild [...] . 2 . 2½ 23 Pump Boxes 1 . 1 . 11 12 Paint Brushes@ 1 1 . [...] . [...] 8 Flaskets [...] . 18 . 8 1 ditto Damaged 2 . 2½ 37 . 1 . 5¾ Carried over£ 4093 . 6 . 1¾	Brought over, £4,056 14s 8d Turners' ware 56 hair brooms, damaged, at 16.5d, £3 17s 0d 11 ditto, good for nothing, £1 1s 2.5d 68 scrubbing brushes at 6d, £1 10s 8d 14 ditto, damaged, £0 18s 8d 1 ditto, good for nothing, £0 1s 0d 34 clothes brushes, £1 16s 10d 3 ditto, damaged, £0 3s 3d 14 submons yokes at 13d, £0 15s 2d 23 ox bows, £0 13s 10.5d 281 bowls at 7d, £1 6s 5d 159 platters at 7d, £1 12s 9d 3 ditto, broke, £0 1s 9d 52 ladles at 2d, £0 8s 8d 1 ditto, broke, £0 0s 0d 37 straining dishes at 3d, £0 9s 3d 3 cows, £0 3s 3.5d 13 square trays, £1 11s 0d 17 mops at 13.5d, £1 6s 9.5d 20 hair sieves, good for nothing, £1 13s 1d 5 corn ditto, ditto, £0 0s 0d 1 skimming dishes, £0 8s 3.5d 1 ditto, spoiled, £0 2s 3.5d 23 pump boxes, £1 1s 11d 12 paint brushes at 1d, £1 0s 0d 8 flaskets, £0 18s 8d 1 ditto, damaged, £2 2.5d Carried over, £4,093 16s 1.75d
63	60	Brought over£ 409[...] . 16 . 1¾ Tinware viz.t 8½ Sal Armoniac 2 . 2½ 4 Water Potts@ 5/6 1 . 2 . [...] 1 do Damaged 5 . 6 4 Pasty Pans 9 . 7 33 Pudding Pans 2 . 9 . 6 10 Petty Pans 4 . 2 5 Pepper Boxes@ 2½ 11½ 9 Cullenders 11 . 10¾ 1 Gallon Funnel 2 38 Coffee Potts All Faulty 2 . 2 . 7 28 Cofodo Graters 1 . 5 . 7 15 Wood ditto 5 . 7½ 19 Basting Ladles 2 . 2 19 Fish Plates@ 10 15 . 10 5 Drudging Boxes 1 . 3 1 Huswefy light 7 . 5¼ 2 Dark Lanthorns 1 . 1 1351 Lanthorn Leaves 7 . 8 . 11½ 18 . 1 . 6¼ Vinegar 61 Gallons@ 2/3 5 . 16 . 4½ Indian Goods viz.t Arrack 894 Gallons@ 4/[...] 178 . 16 Allejars 142 pc Selly@ 11/9 83 . 8 . 6 Cuttanees viz.t 1 pc No 1 1 . 15 1 pc No 5 12 2 . 7 Carried over£ 4382 . 6 . 1¼	Brought over, £4,093 16s 1.75d Tinware [...] sal ammoniac, £0 2s 2.75d 1 water pot at 5s 6d, £1 2s 0d 1 ditto, damaged, £0 5s 6d 1 pasty pans, £0 9s 7d 33 pudding pans, £2 9s 6d 10 petty pans, £1 2s 0d 5 pepper boxes at 2.5d, £0 11.5d 9 cullenders, £0 11s 10.75d 1 gallon funnel, £0 2s 0d 38 coffee pots, £2 2s 7d 28 cascado graters, £1 5s 7d 15 wood ditto, £0 5s 7.5d 19 basting ladles, £0 2s 2d 19 fish plates at 10d, £0 15s 10d 5 dredging boxes, £0 1s 3d 1 [...] light, £0 7s 5.5d 2 dark lanterns, £1 1s 0d 1,351 lantern leaves, £7 8s 11.5d Total, £18 1s 6.5d Vinegar, 61 gallons at 23d, £5 16s 11d Indian goods Arrack, 894 gallons, £178 16s 0d Allejars, 142 pieces silk at 11s 9d, £83 8s 6d Cuttanees: 1 piece No 1, £1 15s 0d 1 piece No 5, £0 12s 0d Carried over, £4,382 6s 1.25d
64	61	Brought over£ 4382 . 6 . 1¼ Chelloes viz.t 98 pc Chelloes@ 8/11 100 pc do@ 8/11 88 . 9 . 11½ China Ware viz.t 30 Dishes Coloured & Gold 116 Plates ditto@ 26/pdozen Spoilt 6 6 Soup Dishes do@ 15/3 1 1 Scollopd Dish 4 16 Dishes 1 . 6 . 8 1 Soup Plate 3 88 Plates@ 2¾ 16 . 6 95 Tea Potts@ 4½ 1 . 15 . 7½ 2 do broke 646 Nogging Cups@ ¾ 2 . 1½ 536 Scollopd do@ ⅞ 1 . 13 . 6 332 Small do@ ⅞ 1 . 9 411 Coffee Cups@ ⅞ 1 . 5 . 8½ 19 . 19 . 8¾ Candles 1 . 3 . 8@ 17 pfr.b 14 . 9 Deefoties viz.t 135 pc in 6 Bales@ 8/3 183 . 1 . 3 59 pc deefoties@ 16/8 49 . 3 . 4 2 pc do damaged 1 . 13 . 4 233 . 17 . 11 Muslin viz.t 55 pc@ 10/10 31 . 8 . 4 3 pc Spoild by Ink Pepper 36 18 Carried over£ 4771 . 9 . [...]	Brought over, £4,382 6s 1.25d Chelloes 98.5 pieces chelloes at 8s 11d, £88 9s 11.5d 100 pieces ditto at 8s 11d, [...] Total, £88 9s 11.5d China ware 30 dishes, coloured and gold, [...] 116 plates, ditto, at 26s per hundred, spoilt, £6 0s 0d 6 soup dishes, ditto, at 13s, £1 0s 0d 1 scalloped dish, £0 0s 4d 16 dishes, £1 6s 8d 1 soup plate, £0 0s 3d 88 plates at 2.75d, £0 16s 6d 93 teapots at 1.5d, £1 15s 7.5d 2 ditto, broke, [...] 646 nogging cups at 0.75d, £2 0s 1.5d 536 scalloped ditto at 3.75d, £1 13s 6d 332 small ditto at 3.75d, £1 0s 9d 111 coffee cups at 3.75d, £1 5s 8.5d Total, £19 19s 8.75d Candles, at 1s 3.8d, at 17d per [...], £14 0s 0d Deesooties 135 pieces in 6 bales at 8s 3d, £183 1s 3d 59 pieces deesooties at 16s 8d, £49 3s 1d 2 pieces ditto, damaged, £1 13s 1d Total, £233 17s 11d Muslin 55 pieces at 10s 10d, £31 8s 1d 3 pieces, spoiled by ink, [...] Pepper, 36 lb, £0 18s 0d Carried over, £4,771 9s 0.25d
65	62	Brought over£ 4771 . 9 . [...] Pallampores viz.t 6 Pallampores@ 3/1 1 164 ditto@ 4/ 32 . 16 22 ditto@ 4/1 4 . 15 . 4 26 ditto@ 10/6½ 13 . 14 . 1 1 ditto Spoild w. Ink 10 . 6½ 61 ditto@ 12/1 36 . 17 . 1 23 ditto@ 16/6 18 . 19 . 6 2 ditto Spoild w. Ink 1 . 13 110 . 5 . 6¼ Rice & Paddy viz.t 256 . 1 . 18 Rice@ 8/8 pcwt 111 . 2 . 2 70 . 3 . 24 Paddy@ 5/1 do 18 . 17 . 6 129 . 19 . 8 Shirts viz.t 180 Dungaree Shirts in one Bale 41 ditto do@ 22/do 17 . 10 . 2 172 Finer do@ 2/1 19 . 3 . 4 300 do do in one Bale@ 2/1 66 . 13 . 6 Tea 126 pd Bohea@ 1/3 7 . 17 . 6 Sugar & Candy viz.t 163 pd Sugar@ 19/9 pcwt 160 . 18 . 5½ 57 . 3 . 5 Candy@ 35/ do 101 . 2 . 9½ 268 . 1 . 3 Long Cloth viz.t 190 pc Ordinary 168 . 18 . 4 19½ pc ditto@ 18/8 18 . 4 25 pc Midling@ 22/ 27 . 10 214 . 12 . 4 Total European & Indian Goods Amt to£ 5568 . 18 . 9¾	Brought over, £4,771 9s 0.25d Pallampores 6 pallampores at 3s 4d, £1 0s 0d 164 ditto at 4s [...], £32 16s 0d 22 ditto at 4s 4d, £4 15s 4d 26 ditto at 10s 6.5d, £13 14s 1d 1 ditto, spoilt with ink, £0 10s 6.5d 61 ditto at 12s 1d, £36 17s 1d 23 ditto at 16s 6d, £18 19s 6d 2 ditto, spoilt with ink, £1 13s 0d Total, £110 5s 6.5d Rice and paddy 236 cwt 1 quarter 18 lb rice at 8s 5d per cwt, £111 2s 2d 70 cwt 3 quarters 24 lb paddy at 5s 3d per cwt, £18 17s 6d Total, £129 19s 8d Shirts 180 dungaree shirts in one bale, and 11 ditto, ditto, at 22d each, £17 10s 2d 172 finer ditto at 2s 4d, £19 3s 4d 300 ditto, ditto, in one bale, at 2s 4d, £[...] Total, £66 13s 6d Tea, 126 catties at 1s 3d, £7 17s 6d Sugar and candy 2 cwt 16 lb sugar at 10s 9d per cwt, £168 18s 5.5d 2 cwt 57 lb 3 quarters 5 lb candy at 35s per cwt, £101 2s 9.5d Total, £268 1s 3d Long cloth 190 pieces ordinary, £168 18s 4d 19 pieces ditto at 18s 8d, £18 4s 0d 25 pieces midling at 22s, £27 10s 0d Total, £214 12s 4d Total European and Indian goods amounted to £5,568 18s 9.25d
66	63	The Master and Gunner and Steward this Day Delivered in their following Accounts which was Examined and proved and are as follow Viz. Day of ye Month Gunners Stores Expended from the 11 March 1743 to 31 March 1744 Guns fired, Shot fired, 9 pounder, 6 pounder, 4 pounder, 3 pounder, 2 pounder, 1 pounder, ½ pounder, Powder Expended 13th A Double Alarm: Guns fired 15, Shot fired 0, 9 pounder 0, 6 pounder 0, 4 pounder 6, 3 pounder 6, 2 pounder 0, 1 pounder 3, ½ pounder 0, Powder Expended 37½ Do fired to Salute the Dutch Ship: Guns fired 13, Shot fired 0, 9 pounder 0, 6 pounder 0, 4 pounder 0, 3 pounder 13, 2 pounder 0, 1 pounder 0, ½ pounder 0, Powder Expended 13 Do fired at Bankies to Bring the Dutch Ships too: Guns fired 2, Shot fired 2, 9 pounder 2, 6 pounder 0, 4 pounder 0, 3 pounder 0, 2 pounder 0, 1 pounder 0, ½ pounder 0, Powder Expended 14 14th fired for the Proclamation of Govr Dunbar: Guns fired 21, Shot fired 0, 9 pounder 1, 6 pounder 5, 4 pounder 0, 3 pounder 15, 2 pounder 0, 1 pounder 0, ½ pounder 0, Powder Expended 42 20th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 9 pounder 0, 6 pounder 0, 4 pounder 2, 3 pounder 2, 2 pounder 0, 1 pounder 2, ½ pounder 0, Powder Expended 13 30th fired at Bankies to bring a Dutch Ship too: Guns fired 2, Shot fired 2, 9 pounder 2, 6 pounder 0, 4 pounder 0, 3 pounder 0, 2 pounder 0, 1 pounder 0, ½ pounder 0, Powder Expended 14 Do fired to Salute the Dutch Ship: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, 9 pounder 0, 6 pounder 0, 4 pounder 0, 3 pounder 9, 2 pounder 0, 1 pounder 0, ½ pounder 0, Powder Expended 9 6 Storm Powder Expended for [...]: Guns fired 0, Shot fired 0, 9 pounder 0, 6 pounder 0, 4 pounder 0, 3 pounder 0, 2 pounder 0, 1 pounder 0, ½ pounder 0, Powder Expended 18 Powder to the Stone Blaster: Guns fired 0, Shot fired 0, 9 pounder 0, 6 pounder 0, 4 pounder 0, 3 pounder 0, 2 pounder 0, 1 pounder 0, ½ pounder 0, Powder Expended 10 Powder to the Guard and out Sentrys: Guns fired 0, Shot fired 0, 9 pounder 0, 6 pounder 0, 4 pounder 0, 3 pounder 0, 2 pounder 0, 1 pounder 0, ½ pounder 0, Powder Expended 36½ Total: Guns fired 68, Shot fired 4, 9 pounder 5, 6 pounder 5, 4 pounder 8, 3 pounder 8, 2 pounder 39, 1 pounder 0, ½ pounder 5, Powder Expended 227 Match 49 Paper 3 Quire Ladles 1 Lead Shott 23 John French	The master gunner and steward this day delivered in their accounts, which were examined and found correct, as follows: Gunner's stores expended from 11 March 1744 to 31 March 1744 12 March, a double alarm: guns fired 15, 4 pounders 6, 3 pounders 6, half pounders 3, powder expended 37.5 lb Ditto, fired to salute the Dutch [...]: guns fired 13, 3 pounders 13, powder expended 13 lb Ditto, fired at Rupert's to bring the Dutch ships to: guns fired 2, 6 pounders 2, 4 pounders 2, powder expended 14 lb 14 March, fired for the proclamation of Governor Dunbar: guns fired 21, 6 pounders 1, 3 pounders 5, 2 pounders 15, powder expended 42 lb 20 March, an alarm: guns fired 6, 3 pounders 2, 2 pounders 2, half pounders 2, powder expended 13 lb 30 March, fired at Rupert's to bring a Dutch ship to: guns fired 2, 6 pounders 2, 4 pounders 2, powder expended 14 lb Ditto, fired to salute the Dutch ship: guns fired 9, 3 pounders 9, powder expended 9 lb 6 barrels of powder expended for fireworks, 18 lb Powder to the stone blaster, 10 lb Powder to the guard and out-sentries, 36.5 lb Total: guns fired 68, [...], 9 pounders [...], 6 pounders [...], 4 pounders [...], 3 pounders [...], 2 pounders [...], 1 pounders [...], half pounders 5, powder expended 227 lb Match, 49 lb Paper, 3 quires Ladles, 1 Lead shot, 23 lb Signed John French. Interpretations Three separate occasions of firing to salute or bring in Dutch ships within the same month, alongside a double alarm and a further plain alarm, shows how much of the garrison's powder went on the routine business of managing shipping and signalling rather than on any expectation of attack. The single largest single expenditure recorded here was not any alarm but the twenty one guns fired for proclaiming Governor Dunbar, a ceremonial discharge costing more powder than either alarm on the page.
67	64	Expended for the use of the General Table from the 11 March 1743 to the 3 March 1744 Viz.t 37 Bottles Port Wine 2 . 15 . 6 20 do Red Cape@ 5/6 pGallon 1 . 7 . 6 49 do White do@ Ditto 3 . 7 . 4½ 34 do Madera@ 6/ do 2 . 11 2 do old Hock 1 do Sicoena Oil@ 2/6 pBottle 10 68 Gallons Arrack@ 4/ 13 . 12 140 pd Sugar@ 1/6 pft 1 . 1 . 9½ 38 pd Candy@ 3¼ do 11 . 10½ 2 baskt Flour@ £1 . 10 . 7 pCash 3 . 1 . 2 7 Pepper 6 2 Bushells Salt@ 5/10 11 . 8 8 pd Salt Pork@ 1/10 pd &c 14 . 8 1 Hogg w. 50@ 6 pft 1 . 5 3 Sheep@ 20 pd 3 10 Fowles@ 1/6 pd 15 3 Turkeys@ 5/ do 15 30 pd Butter@ 1/ do 1 . 10 20 do Cheese@ 1/ do 1 20 pd Fresh Beef@ 3 do 2 . 11 £11 . 4 . [...]	Expended for the use of the general table from 11 March 1744 to 31 March 1744, viz: 37 bottles port wine, £2 15s 6d 20 ditto red Cape at 5s 6d per gallon, £1 7s 6d 19 ditto white ditto, at ditto, £3 7s 4.5d 34 ditto Madeira, at ditto, £2 11s 0d 2 ditto old hock, [...] 1 ditto Sicerena oil at 5s 6d per bottle, £0 10s 0d 68 gallons arrack at 4s, £13 12s 0d 180 lb sugar at 1.5d per lb, £1 4s 9.5d 38 lb candy at 3.75d, £0 11s 10.5d 2 casks flour at £1 10s 7d per cask, £3 1s 2d 1 pepper, £0 0s 6d 2 bushels salt at 5s 10d, £0 11s 8d 8 lb salt pork at 1s 10d each, £0 14s 8d 1 hog weighing 50 lb at 6d per lb, £1 5s 0d 3 sheep at 20s each, £3 0s 0d 10 fowls at 1s 6d each, £0 15s 0d 3 turkeys at 5s ditto, £0 15s 0d 30 lb butter at 1s ditto, £1 10s 0d 20 lb cheese at 1s ditto, £1 0s 0d 20 lb fresh beef at 3d ditto, £2 11s 0d Total, £41 [...]
68	65	Account of the Honoble Companies Stock of Neat Cattle &c from March 11: to the 31: 1744 viz. Neat Cattle: Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total Sheep: Ews, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total Goats: Ews, Weathers, Kidds, Rams, Total Hoggs: Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total Poultry: Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese Horses: Horses, Mares, Total Rem: 11 March: Bullocks 18, Cows 109, Heifers 39, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 18, Bulls 6, Total 328, Ews 102, Weathers 23, Lambs 24, Rams 3, Total 153, Ews 149, Weathers 51, Kidds 35, Rams 3, Total 238, Sows 38, Barrows 24, Shoats 22, Piggs 13, Boars 3, Total 100, Turkeys 78, Fowls 156, Ducks 37, Geese 6, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Encreasd in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 2, Calves 2, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 8, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 8, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 8, Fowls 48, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 18, Cows 109, Heifers 39, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 50, Bulls 6, Total 330, Ews 102, Weathers 23, Lambs 24, Rams 3, Total 153, Ews 149, Weathers 51, Kidds 43, Rams 3, Total 246, Sows 38, Barrows 24, Shoats 22, Piggs 13, Boars 3, Total 100, Turkeys 86, Fowls 204, Ducks 37, Geese 6, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Killed in Do: Bullocks 5, Cows 1, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 6, Ews 1, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 1, Ews 0, Weathers 2, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 2, Sows 0, Barrows 1, Shoats 1, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 2, Turkeys 3, Fowls 13, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 13, Cows 108, Heifers 39, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 50, Bulls 6, Total 324, Ews 101, Weathers 23, Lambs 24, Rams 3, Total 152, Ews 149, Weathers 49, Kidds 43, Rams 3, Total 244, Sows 38, Barrows 23, Shoats 21, Piggs 13, Boars 3, Total 98, Turkeys 83, Fowls 191, Ducks 37, Geese 6, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Died in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ews 2, Weathers 1, Kidds 2, Rams 0, Total 5, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 1, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 1, Turkeys 0, Fowls 3, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Rem: 31 Do: Bullocks 13, Cows 108, Heifers 39, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 50, Bulls 6, Total 324, Ews 101, Weathers 23, Lambs 24, Rams 3, Total 152, Ews 147, Weathers 48, Kidds 41, Rams 3, Total 239, Sows 38, Barrows 23, Shoats 21, Piggs 12, Boars 3, Total 97, Turkeys 83, Fowls 191, Ducks 34, Geese 6, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 204 Beef Expended at ye Table 480 Ditto to the new Recruits 50 Pork Expended 1190 Beef Sold to Ship Caesar 60 Measly Pork thrown away 10,000 Yams Expended at the Several Plantations. E.E. Chris. Dixon Husbd.	An account of the Company's stock of neat cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses from 11 March to 31 March 1744: Remaining 11 March: neat cattle - bullocks 18, cows 109, heifers 39, steers 28, yearlings 50, calves 18, bulls 6, total 328 Remaining 11 March: sheep - ewes 102, wethers 23, lambs 24, rams 3, total 153 Remaining 11 March: goats - does 149, wethers 51, kids 35, rams 3, total 238 Remaining 11 March: hogs - sows 38, barrows 24, shoats 22, piggs 13, boars 3, total 100 Remaining 11 March: poultry - turkeys 78, fowls 156, ducks 37, geese 6 Remaining 11 March: horses - horses 7, mares 8, total 15 Increased to 31 March: neat cattle - yearlings 2, calves 2, total 2 Increased to 31 March: goats - wethers 8, total 8 Increased to 31 March: poultry - turkeys 8, fowls 48 Running total to 31 March: neat cattle - bullocks 18, cows 109, heifers 39, steers 28, yearlings 50, calves 50, bulls 6, total 330 Running total to 31 March: sheep - ewes 102, wethers 23, lambs 24, rams 3, total 153 Running total to 31 March: goats - does 149, wethers 51, kids 43, rams 3, total 246 Running total to 31 March: hogs - sows 38, barrows 24, shoats 22, piggs 13, boars 3, total 100 Running total to 31 March: poultry - turkeys 86, fowls 204, ducks 37, geese 6 Running total to 31 March: horses - horses 7, mares 8, total 15 Killed to 31 March: neat cattle - bullocks 5, cows 1, calves 6, total 1 Killed to 31 March: goats - kids 1, total 2 Killed to 31 March: hogs - barrows 1, shoats 1, total 2 Killed to 31 March: poultry - fowls 3, ducks 13 Remaining 31 March: neat cattle - bullocks 13, cows 108, heifers 39, steers 28, yearlings 50, calves 50, bulls 6, total 324 Remaining 31 March: sheep - ewes 101, wethers 23, lambs 24, rams 3, total 152 Remaining 31 March: goats - does 149, wethers 49, kids 43, rams 3, total 244 Remaining 31 March: hogs - sows 38, barrows 23, shoats 21, piggs 13, boars 3, total 98 Died to 31 March: goats - wethers 2, kids 1, rams 2, total 5 Died to 31 March: hogs - shoats 1, total 1 Died to 31 March: poultry - fowls 3 Remaining 31 March: neat cattle - bullocks 13, cows 108, heifers 39, steers 28, yearlings 50, calves 50, bulls 6, total 324 Remaining 31 March: sheep - ewes 101, wethers 23, lambs 24, rams 3, total 152 Remaining 31 March: goats - does 149, wethers 48, kids 41, rams 3, total 239 Remaining 31 March: hogs - sows 38, barrows 23, shoats 21, piggs 12, boars 3, total 97 Remaining 31 March: poultry - turkeys 83, fowls 191, ducks 34, geese 6 Remaining 31 March: horses - horses 7, mares 8, total 15 204 lb beef expended at the table. 480 lb ditto to the new recruits. 50 lb pork expended. 1,190 lb beef sold to the ship Caesar. 60 lb measly pork thrown away. 10,000 lb yams expended at the several plantations. Examined, Christopher Dixon, husband. Interpretations Yams expended rose to 10,000 lb across this account, still well short of the tens of thousands of pounds recorded in comparable months through 1741 and 1743, and the shortfall this time came alongside 480 lb of beef issued specifically to the new recruits, the garrison's food being made up from the herd rather than the failing plantations. Selling 1,190 lb of beef to the Caesar while the island's own yam supply remained thin shows the council provisioning a departing Company ship ahead of stretching its own stores further.
69	66	This Day the paymaster acquainted us that next Monday being the day Appointed to pay the Garrison &c for the Quarter Ending 31 March 1744, Desired us to Issue him out Money for that Purpose which we Accordingly Did. David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 14th of April 1744 at the Castle. Present David Dunbar Esqr. Govr. Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lieut. Gov. Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4 Matthew Purling 5 of Council The last was read and Approved	The paymaster told the council that day that the following Monday was the day appointed to pay the garrison for the quarter ending 31 March 1744, and asked the council to issue him money for that purpose, which it accordingly did. The council met at the castle on Tuesday 17 April 1744. Governor Dunbar presided, with Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor and Dixon, Goodwin and Purling seated as the third, fourth and fifth of council. The council read and approved the record of the previous meeting.
70	67	Captain Matthew Court of the Caesar, having Applied to us for Leave to pay £500 into the Honble Companys Cash, and to give him Bills on them for it, we Examined the Books, to see if there was any Order Against Granting such a Request, not finding any we in Consideration of this being in the Honble Companys Service, Agreed to Comply with it and he paid the Money in the following Species, Viz.t 91 Pagodas@ 9/ ea £40 . 19 18 Chequeens@ 10/ ea 9 116 Dollars@ 5/ ea 10 . 5 62 half do@ 2/6 ea 7 . 15 21 Aloe Nuts@ 1/3 ea 1 . 6 . 3 470 Rials@ 1/3 ea 29 . 7 . 6 213 half do@ 3¾ ea 3 . 6 . 6¾ English money 2 . 8¾ £500 Mr Dixon having been Suspended from the Council, and his Employment by Mr Powell, and Living ever since at his own Expence, but being lately reinstated by Order of the Honble Court of Directors; prays that he may be Ordered to receive his Salary from his Suspension and Desires the Allowance for his Board and other Expences for that time, may be referred to the Honble Company for their Determinations We are unanimously of opinion that he should be paid his Salary; and to represent home what he had Desired The Petition of Samuel Povelon was this day presented and read praying Leave to Dispose of 2 Acres of Lease Land to Mr Gabriel Harper, Granted The following Persons Petitioned for their Discharges having Served the Honble Companys their full Term of five Years, Viz John Leeth William Soule Richard Harper and Francis Hayes, Natives and Natives of this Island Granted The Petition of Aaron Delost Soldier was Presented and read praying to be Discharged, having Served the Company his full Term of five Years, and Being Married and Settled here Granted John	Captain Matthew Court of the Caesar applied to the council for leave to pay £500 into the Company's cash and take bills on the Company for it. The council examined the books to see whether there was any order against granting such a request, and finding none, agreed to comply with it in consideration of his being in the Company's service. He paid the money in the following coin: 91 pagodas at 9s each, £136 19s 0d 18 sequins at 10s each, £9 0s 0d 116 dollars at 5s each, £10 5s 0d 62 half dollars at 2s 6d each, £7 15s 0d 21 [...] at 1s 3d each, £1 6s 3d 470 reals at [...] each, £29 7s 6d 213 half reals at [...] each, £3 6s 6.75d English money, £2 0s 8.5d Total, £500 0s 0d Dixon petitioned the council. He had been suspended from the council and from his employment by Powell, and had lived ever since at his own expense, but had lately been reinstated by order of the Court of Directors. He prayed to be ordered his salary from the date of his suspension, and asked that the allowance for his board and other expenses over that time be referred to the Company for its decision. The council was unanimously of opinion that he should be paid his salary, and that his further request should be represented home. Samuel Doveton petitioned that day for leave to dispose of 27 [...] of leasehold land to Gabriel Harper. Granted. John Leach, William Seale, Richard Harper and Francis Hayes, black natives of the island, petitioned for their discharge, having served the Company their full term of five years. Granted. Aaron Delost, a soldier, petitioned to be discharged, having served the Company his full term of five years and being married and settled here. Granted. Interpretations Dixon's petition confirms what his presence on the council list of 11 March 1744 had left an open question: he had indeed been formally reinstated by the Court of Directors after his suspension the previous year, rather than simply resuming his seat on the new Governor's authority alone. Naming Leach, Seale, Harper and Hayes as black natives serving a fixed five-year term, discharged on the same terms and in the same list as a white soldier, shows the island holding a category of free-born black inhabitants bound to the Company by term of service rather than by slavery, a status distinct from both the enslaved and the ordinary settler population. This transaction set down exact sterling equivalents for the mixed foreign coin then circulating through the island's shipping trade: Pagodas, 9s each Sequins, 10s each Dollars, 5s each Half dollars, 2s 6d each [...], 1s 3d each Reals, 1s 3d each Half reals, 3.75d each The pagoda's rate matches the 9s already recorded for pagodas in 1733, showing the conversion held steady across a decade. Reals and the unnamed coin above them were rated identically at 1s 3d, while a half real came in at exactly three quarters of that, a consistent halving that suggests the council was working from a single fixed real-to-sterling rate rather than pricing each parcel of coin separately as it came in. Recording such a variety of specie in one payment reflects how a ship's captain, trading across the Cape, India and the Mediterranean routes, accumulated coin in whatever currency he was paid, leaving the council to fix its own sterling conversion each time such money was tendered. Speculations Rather than settling Dixon's whole claim itself, the council granted his salary at once but referred the board and expenses portion to the Company for decision, suggesting it was willing to commit Company money to a plain entitlement clearly owed, while declining to set its own figure on the harder question of what his year of suspension had cost him personally.
71	68	John Drury Soldier Petitioned to have his Discharge with Leave to return to England having Served the Honble Company Eight Years Granted Provided he pay his Debt Mr Samuel Doveton and Mr Richard Gurling Delivered the following Accounts Against Mr Powell Viz.t Mr Doveton in his Account Saith Viz The Honourable Companys Lands &c hath been made use of in the following manner by Mr George Gabriel Powell Viz.t about 8 or 10 Young Bullocks Grazeing in the Honble Companys Pastures about a Fortnight in the Year 1742 about 10 Sheep Grazeing about 2 Months in the Year 1742 about 18 Do Do about 4 Do in Do 1743 about 20 or 30 Hoggs Grazing about 6 Weeks in ye Year 1742 1 Mare Grazing about 15 Months from ye Year 1742 to 1743 1 Horse colt Do about 7 Do in the Year 1743 1 Calf Grazing about 9 Do in Do 1743 Several Hoggs Fatted in the Stys at Plantation House in the Year 1743 Yams about 10,000 sent to his own House Suckers about 15,000 Carried from the Fort Plantation 1 Cow and Calf sent on Board the Grantham Whereas I have no Minutes of the above Articles I cannot be Exact in the Quantity, nor in the time when they were taking in and Sailed out; therefore I Rely Intirely on my Memory, and to the Best of it I Believe the above Account to be Just. St Helena March the 3d 1744 (Signd) Samuel Doveton	John Drury, a soldier, petitioned to have his discharge with leave to return to England, having served the Company eight years. Granted, provided he paid his debt. Samuel Doveton and Richard Girling delivered the following accounts against Powell. Doveton's account stated that the Company's lands had been used by George Gabriel Powell in the following manner: About 8 or 10 young bullocks grazing in the Company's pastures about a fortnight in 1742 About 10 sheep grazing about 2 months in 1742 About 18 ditto grazing about 1 month in 1743 About 20 or 30 hogs grazing about 6 weeks in 1742 1 mare grazing about 15 months from 1742 to 1743 1 horse colt, ditto, about 7 months in 1743 1 heifer, grazing about 9 months in 1743 Several hogs fatted in the sty at Plantation House in 1743 About 10,000 lb yams sent to his own house About 15,000 chickens carried from the fort plantation 1 cow and a half sent aboard the Grantham Doveton stated that, having no minutes of the above articles, he could not be exact as to quantity or as to the time they were taken in and taken out, and that he relied entirely on his memory, believing the account just to the best of it. St Helena, 31 March 1744, signed Samuel Doveton. Interpretations Doveton's account gives concrete substance to the general charge of Powell applying Company slaves and resources to his own use already before the council: specific numbers of livestock grazed on Company pasture across two years, 10,000 lb of yams diverted to his own house, and chickens carried away wholesale from the fort plantation. Doveton's admission that he kept no minutes and relied entirely on memory reveals how undocumented the management of Company land and produce had been under Powell, so that any reckoning of what he had taken depended, months or years later, on an overseer's recollection rather than any contemporary record.
72	69	The following is Mr Gurlings Account of the Honble Companys Yams Made use of by Mr Powell, from the 22d July 1742 to the 11 March 1743 Viz.t Dr George Gabriel Powell Cr To 13700 Yams at 2/pr£1000 £13 . 14 (Signd) Rich Gurling An Account of the Honble Companys Blacks Imployed by Mr George Gabriel Powell at his own Building &c Stonelayers days, Labourers days To Sundry Blacks Labour in Carrying Lime Sand & to your House 48 . 4 [...] To 48 days work of Sam Morris Stonelayer 48 To 36 do do of Simon and Cremona 36 To 18 do do of Jack Pudding 18 To Stonelayers Work of Nat the Boatswain and Simon 99 days 198 To 18 days do of Jack Pudding Dick and Cremona 18 To 2 Stonelayers 3¾ days 3¾ To Seven Labours fetching Amber out of the Great wood for one Month each 4 day a[...] 42 To Digging of Yams 30 To fetching of Oysters 30 To Frank Butchers 18 To Tanning one fellow Imployed Seven Months at 24 days to the Month 168 To Carrying 149 Loads Bushes to your House 46 To Cutting the said Bushes 28 To the Labour of one Black man from the 16 November to the 4 February is 66 Days 66 To 34 days digging and Carrying Yams from the Plantation House 34 To Stonelayers Work Sent to the Church or Elsewhere 164 Carried over Days 1837 . 46¾ So	The following is Girling's account of the Company's yams made use of by Powell, from 22 July 1742 to 11 March 1743: George Gabriel Powell, debtor to 13,700 yams at 20s per 1,000, £13 14s 0d Signed, Richard Girling. An account of the Company's blacks employed by George Gabriel Powell at his own charge: Sundry blacks' labour carrying stone sent for his house, 484.5 days 48 days' work of Sam Morris, stonelayer, 48 days 36 ditto, ditto, of Simon and Cremona, 36 days 18 ditto, ditto, of Jack Pudding, 18 days Stonelayers' work of Fat the boatswain and Simon, 99 days each, 198 days 18 days ditto of Jack Pudding, Dick and Cremona, 18 days 2 stonelayers, 8.5 days, 3.5 days Seven labourers fetching timber out of the great wood for one month each at day work, 12 days Digging of yams, 30 days Fetching of oysters, 30 days Frank Hutchings, 18 days Tanning, one fellow employed seven months at 24 days to the month, 168 days Carrying 149 loads of bricks to his house, 46 days Laying the said bricks, 28 days The labour of one black man from 16 November to 4 February, being 66 days, 66 days 34 days digging and carrying yams from the Plantation House, 34 days Stonelayers' work sent to the church or elsewhere, 16.5 days Carried over, 1,035 days, £[...] Interpretations Girling's account puts a figure on the yams Doveton could only estimate from memory: 13,700 lb charged at the standard rate of 20s per thousand, giving Powell's use of Company produce an exact sterling value rather than the round approximations of the earlier account. Over a thousand days of Company slave labour recorded here on Powell's own building work, brickwork and provisioning, set against his repeated written assurances of having delivered up everything under his charge, gives the council a labour ledger to match the goods ledger already built against him, each new account narrowing the gap between what he claimed and what the records showed.
73	70	Dr Brought over Stonelayers Days 185¾, Labourers Days 946½ To Labourers Work Sent to the Church or Elsewhere 198 To Do Do 59 To Labourers in Carrying Yams from Fishins to Your House 18½ By Blacks Labour paid the Company 211 By one Rack man named May Being sick so long 33 By Pompey your own Slave in the Castle 33 277 By Ballance due from you to the Honble Company 185¾ . 947¼ Days 185¾, 1221¾ Days 185¾ . 1221¾ I do certifie this Account to be true according to the Best of my Knowledge and Belief (Signd) Richard Gurling This Day the following Account was Laid Before us Viz.t A Collection of Goods Sold and Delivered out of the Honble Companys Stores from the 1 January to the 11 March Viz.r 1743 Arrack 38 Gallons 12 . 3 . 3 Blankets Sort 4 ordinary Blankets 1 . 15 2 fine Do 2 . 1 3 . 16 Carried over 15 . 19 . 3	Debit, brought over: stonelayers' days 484.5, labourers' days 946.5 Labourers' work sent to the church or elsewhere, 198 days Ditto, ditto, 59 days Labourers carrying yams from Perkins to your house, 18.5 days Credit, by blacks' labour paid the Company, 211 days By one black man named May, being sick so long, 33 days By Pompey, your own slave in the castle, 33 days Balance due from you to the Company: stonelayers' days 183.5, labourers' days 947.5 Total days: stonelayers 485, labourers 1,221.5 I do certify this account to be true according to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signed, Richard Girling. Before the council, the following account was laid this day. A collection of goods sold and delivered out of the Company's stores from 1 January to 11 March 1743, viz: Arrack, 38 gallons, £12 3s 3d Blankets, sorted: 4 ordinary blankets, £1 15s 0d 2 fine ditto, £2 1s 0d Total, £3 16s 0d Carried over, £15 19s 3d Interpretations Crediting May's sick days and Pompey's service as Powell's own slave against the labour account shows the reckoning treated every day of black labour as chargeable, whether the man belonged to the Company or to Powell himself, and even illness was tracked as a deduction rather than simply excused. Girling's own account leaves a substantial balance of labourer and stonelayer days still owing to the Company, a debt in unpaid labour standing alongside the debts already found in goods, yams and lime, each account adding a further, separately reckoned deficiency to the same man's name.
74	71	Brought over£ 15 . 19 . 3 Bread & Flour viz.t Ct 15 . 1 . 6 Bread 21 . 8 . 6 1 . 2 . 24 Flour 6 . 12 28 . 6 Brandy 26½ Gallons 9 . 5 . 6 Broad Cloth viz.t 4 yards fine 4 3 do ordinary 2 . 17 6 . 17 Cutleryware viz.t 13 Buck Handle knives 7 . 6 1 Wood do do 9 8 . 3 Canvas viz.t 4 yards russia sheet cloth 6 . 8 ½ yard Eng. Canvas 11 3 yards Sacking 3 . 3 10 . 10 Corks 2 Gross 9 doz 11 Combs 8 Buckling 3 . 4 Cordage 1 . 2 . 13 1 . 10 . 6 Deals viz.t 6 double Deals 1 . 4 7 Half Inl Wainscott Boards 1 . 4 . 6 2 . 8 . 6 Indians 9½ &c 17 . 16 . 3 Flannels 19½ yards 1 . 12 . 11 Gold Twist 3 oz ½ oz Silver Sewing 7 . 4 Carried over£ 88 . 11 . 2	Brought over, £15 10s 3d Bread and flour 15 cwt 1 quarter 6 lb bread, £21 8s 6d 2 cwt 21 lb flour, £6 12s 0d Total, £28 0s 6d Brandy, 26.5 gallons, £9 5s 6d Broad cloth 4 yards fine, £4 0s 0d 3 ditto ordinary, £2 17s 0d Total, £6 17s 0d Cutlery ware 13 buckhandle knives, £0 7s 6d 1 ditto, ditto, ditto, £0 0s 9d Total, £0 8s 3d Canvas 4 yards Russia sail cloth, £6 8s 0d 0.5 yard fine canvas, £0 11s 0d 3 yards sacking, £3 3s 0d Total, £10 10s 0d Corks, 2 gross 9 dozen, £0 11s 0d Combs, 8 buckling, £0 3s 4d Cordage, 4 cwt 1 quarter 13 lb, £4 10s 6d Dials 6 double dials, £1 4s 0d 7 half dials, mounted, brass, £1 4s 6d Total, £2 8s 6d Indians, 9.5 pieces, £17 16s 3d Flannels, 19.5 yards, £1 12s 11d Gold twist, 1 oz, and 0.5 oz silver ditto, £0 7s 4d Carried over, £88 11s 2d
75	72	Brought over£ 88 . 11 . 2 Glassware viz.t 66¾ Sq. ft. Glass 8 by 10 13 . 13 18 Sq ft do by 8 6 1 Drinking Glass 1 . 5 2 Wine Water Glasses 1 . 5 2 Wine Glasses 2 . 6 2 Glass Elbows 9 . 3½ 14 . 6 . 6½ Hooks & Lines viz.t 2 doz Hooks No 2 1 20 doz 5 do 3 1 . 3 . 4½ 1 doz 6 do 4 1 8 doz do 5 6 20 doz do 6 1 . 9 . 3 22 doz 6 do 7 1 . 11 . 3 6 do 8 8 1 Large Hook 2½ 2900 Blue Hooks 1 . 9 5 doz 3 Lines No 1 1 . 6 . 3 4 doz 6 do 2 1 . 7 10 do 3 5 . 10 7 do 4 1 . 8 10 do 5 8 . 4 9 . 14 . 7 Hosiersware 1½ pr Mans Stockings 5 . 8 Haberdashery viz.t 27 Yards Ferrett 10 27 do Gartring 6 . 9 3 pc Broad Holland Tape 3 . 9 3 pc Broad do 3 . 3 3 yards Galloon 1 . 6 4½ oz Belladine Silk 13 . 10½ 3 oz Mohair 4 3 Hund Needles 3 1 . 16 . 11½ Carried over£ 114 . 14 . 10½	Brought over, £88 11s 2d Glassware 662 feet glass, 8 by 10, £13 13s 0d 18 feet ditto, 6 by 8, £0 6s 0d 1 drinking glass, £0 1s 3d 2 wine and water glasses, £0 1s 6d 2 wine glasses, £0 2s 6d 2 glasses, broke, £0 2s 9.5d Total, £14 6s 6.5d Hooks and lines 2 dozen hooks, No 2, £0 1s 0d 20 dozen 5 ditto, No 3, £1 3s 7.5d 1 dozen 6 ditto, No 4, £0 1s 0d 8 dozen ditto, No 5, £0 6s 0d 20 dozen ditto, No 6, £1 9s 9d 22 dozen 6 ditto, No 7, £1 11s 3d 6 ditto, No 8, £0 8s 0d 1 large hook, £0 2s 6.5d 2,900 blue hooks, £1 9s 0d 5 dozen 3 lines, No 1, £1 6s 3d 1 dozen 6 ditto, No 2, £1 7s 0d 10 ditto, No 3, £1 3s 10d 7 ditto, No 4, £0 4s 8d 10 ditto, No 5, £0 8s 4d Total, £9 14s 7d Housewares, 1, hammers, brochings, £0 5s 8d Haberdashery 2 yards inkle, £0 0s 10d 27 ditto gartering, £0 6s 9d 3 pieces broad Holland tape, £0 3s 9d 3 pieces broad ditto, £0 3s 3d 3 yards galloon, £0 1s 6d 4.5 oz belladine silk, £0 13s 10.5d 3 oz mohair, £0 4s 0d 3 hundred needles, £0 3s 0d Total, £1 16s 11.5d Carried over, £114 14s 10.5d
76	73	Brought over£ 114 . 14 . 10½ Ironmongerware viz.t 1 Chafing Dish 1 . 8 1 pr Bellows 1 . 8 1 Chest Lock 7 . 4 1 Till do 7 . 3 1 Box do 6 1 Chamber Lock 8 . 6 1 Fire Shovel 1 3 Iron do 14 . 3 4 Pickaxes 13 . 6 1 Gridiron 2 1 pr Hawle 6 . 6 11 Helves 11 3 Trowels 5 4 Thimbles 8 32 Wood Screws 2 . 8 1 . 9 . 7 Iron Potts viz.t 1 Small Pott 7 . 6 2 Large do 1 . 4 2 Iron Kettles 3 . 7 1 . 18 . 6 Kersey 14 Yards 3 . 13 . 4 Leather viz.t 2 Sole 2 . 4 1 Calfs Skin 11 . 6 13 . 10 Lead viz.t 9 Pigg Lead 3 32 Sheet do 10 . 8 13 . 8 Nails viz.t 1 . 3 . 4 Flooring Bradds 6 . 13 . 4 1 . 1 . 2 6d Nails 4 . 14 . 8 Nails Carried over£ 11 . 8 Carried over£ 129 . 3 . 9½	Brought over, £114 14s 10.5d Ironmonger's ware 1 chafing dish, £0 1s 8d 1 pair bellows, £0 1s 8d 1 chest lock, £0 8s 0d 1 till ditto, £0 7s 1d 1 box ditto, £0 3s 6d 1 chamber lock, £0 8s 6d 1 fire shovel, £0 1s 0d 3 iron ditto, £0 4s 3d 1 pickaxes, £0 13s 6d 1 gridiron, £0 3s 2d 1 pair maule, £0 6s 6d 11 helves, £0 11s 0d 3 trowels, £0 5s 0d 1 thimbles, £0 0s 8d 32 wood screws, £0 2s 8d Total, £4 9s 7d Iron potts 1 small pot, £0 7s 6d 2 large ditto, £1 4s 0d 2 iron kettles, £3 7s 0d Total, £4 18s 6d Kersey, 21 yards, £3 13s 1d Leather 2 soles, £0 2s 1d 1 calf skin, £0 11s 6d Total, £0 13s 10d Lead 1 pigg lead, £0 3s 0d 32 sheet ditto, £0 10s 8d Total, £0 13s 8d Nails 1 cwt 3 quarters 4 lb flooring brads, £6 13s 1d 1 cwt 1 quarter 2 lb 6 penny nails, £4 14s 8d Nails carried over, £11 8s 0d Carried over, £129 3s 9.5d
77	74	Brought over£ 129 . 3 . 9½ Nails Brought over£ 11 . 8 27 pd Nails 13 . 6 1 . 7 20d Do 1 . 4 . 6 2½ 30d Do 1 . 3 13 3d Do 11 . 11 1 30d Do 6 14 . 6 . 8 Oil viz.t 1½ Gallons Linseed Oil 8 . 4 9½ do Lamp Do 2 . 7 . 6 2 . 15 . 10 Oars 4 1 Pewter 1 Close Stool Pann 8 . 3 Paint viz.t 36 pd Whiteleg 1 30 pd White Lead 12 . 6 16 pd Red Oaker 3 . 4 3 pd 12 oz Indico 10 . 1 1 . 6 . 11 Starch 2 pd 1 . 4 Pitch &c viz.t 2 Pitch 6 34 Rozin 8 . 6 Salt 3 Bushels 7 . 6 Soap 1 . 1 . 9½ 9 . 6 . 10½ Shoes viz.t 24 pr Mens Ordinary 7 . 7 . 7 11 pr Do Boot 3 . 10 . 7 69 Girls 18 64 pr Boys Ordinary 18 3 pr Do Boot 16 . 6 3 pr Woman 12 . 6 15 . 2 . 2 Carried over£ 175 . 7 . 4½	Brought over, £129 3s 9.5d Nails, brought over, £11 8s 0d 27 lb ten nails, £0 13s 6d 17 lb 20 ditto, £1 4s 6d 2.5 lb 40 ditto, £0 1s 3d 15 lb 3 ditto, £0 11s 11d 1 lb 30 ditto, £0 0s 6d Total, £14 6s 8d Oil 1.5 gallons linseed oil, £0 8s 1d 9.5 ditto lamp ditto, £2 7s 6d Total, £2 15s 10d Oars, 4, £1 0s 0d Pewter, 1 close-stool pan, £0 8s 3d Paint 36 lb white lead, £0 1s 0d 30 lb white ditto, £0 12s 6d 1 lb red ochre, £0 3s 1d 3 lb 12 oz indigo, £0 10s 1d Total, £1 6s 11d Starch, 2 lb, £0 1s 1d Pitch etc 2 pitch, £0 0s 6d 34 rosin, £0 8s 6d Salt, 3 bushels, £0 0s 6d Soap, 1 cwt 1 quarter 9.5 lb, £9 6s 10.5d Shoes 24 pairs men's ordinary, £7 7s 7d 11 pairs ditto boot, £3 10s 7d 69 girls, £0 18s 0d 64 pairs boys' ordinary, £0 18s 0d 3 pairs ditto boot, £0 16s 6d 3 pairs women's, £0 12s 6d Total, £15 2s 2d Carried over, £175 7s 4.5d
78	75	Brought over£ 175 . 7 . 4½ Shalloon 14½ Yards 5 . 18 . 8 Turnersware viz.t 4 Wood Bowles 3 . 8 1 Scrubbing Brush 2 1 Platter 1 1 Straining Dishe 5 1 Mop Stick 1 1 Wood Ladle 8 1 Salmon Spoon 1 . 8 10 Tinware 1 Callender 2 Thread viz.t 2 do White & Brown 13 1½ do do 13 6 oz Nuns Thread 9 1 oz do do 2 1 . 17 Vinegar 3 Gallons 15 Candles 32 pd 1 . 3 Chinaware 119 Cups Sold 19 . 10 Shalloon 3½ pd 23 . 5 . 9 Deesoolas 2 pd 2 . 4 Long Cloth 5 pd 7 Pallampores viz.t 4 Pallampores at 6/6 1 . 6 1 do 6 7 do 5/ 1 . 15 3 . 7 Pepper 1 1 Carried over£ 225 . 18 . 10½	Brought over, £175 7s 4.5d Shalloon, 18.5 yards, £5 18s 8d Turners' ware 4 wood bowls, £0 3s 8d 1 scrubbing brush, £0 2s 0d 1 platter, £0 1s 0d 1 straining dish, £0 0s 5d 1 mop stick, £0 1s 0d 1 wood ladle, £0 0s 8d 1 salmon fork, £0 1s 8d Total, £0 10s 0d Tinware, 1 cullender, £0 2s 0d Thread 2 lb white brown, £0 13s 0d 1.5 lb ditto, ditto, £0 13s 0d 6 oz nuns' thread, £0 9s 0d 1 oz ditto, ditto, £0 2s 0d Total, £1 17s 0d Vinegar, 3 gallons, £0 15s 0d Candles, 32.5 lb, £1 1s 3d Chinaware, 119 cups sold, £0 19s 10d Chelloes, 34.5 pieces, £23 5s 9d Deesooties, 2 pieces, £2 14s 0d Long cloth, 5 pieces, £7 0s 0d Pallampores 1 pallampores at 6s 6d, £1 6s 0d 1 ditto, £1 6s 0d 1 ditto at 5s, £1 15s 0d Total, £3 7s 0d Pepper, 1, £0 1s 0d Carried over, £225 18s 10.5d
79	76	Brought over£ 225 . 18 . 10½ Shirts viz.t 12 Ordinary 1 . 5 14 Boys 6 . 19 . 4 8 . 4 . 4 Sugar & Candy viz.t Ct 10 . 2 . 6 Sugar 29 . 11 3 . 1 Candy 3 . 3 . 9 32 . 14 . 9 Tea viz.t 16 pd tea Tea 1 . 8 8 do Tea 1 . 16 6 . 4 Rice & Paddy viz.t Ct 2 . 7 Paddy 16 . 6 1 . 21 Rice 6 . 1½ 1 . 2 . 7½ Total£ 274 . 4 . 6½ Blacks from the 1st January to the 11th March 1743 viz.t Rice &c viz.t Ct 41 . 3 . 26 Rice 16 . 12 . 3 26 Bushells Calavances 1 . 6 17 . 18 . 3 Kersey 4 &c 7 . 7½ Brandy 50 Gallons 9 . 15 . 10 Hooks viz.t 3 doz Black Hooks ½ 3 doz Hooks No 6 1 . 6 1 . 7½ Deals 2 double 5 . 4 Nails &c 3 Carried over£ 35 . 2 . 1½	Brought over, £225 18s 10.5d Shirts 12 ordinary, £1 5s 0d 11 Reeck, £6 19s 1d Total, £8 4s 1d Sugar and candy 2 cwt 0 quarters 26 lb sugar, £29 11s 0d 3 cwt 1 quarter candy, £3 3s 9d Total, £32 14s 9d Tea 16 cattees tea, £1 8s 0d 9 ditto tea, £1 16s 0d Total, £6 4s 0d Rice and paddy 2 cwt 7 lb paddy, £0 16s 6d 1 cwt 21 lb rice, £0 6s 1.5d Total, £1 2s 7.5d Total, £271 4s 6.5d Blacks from 1 January to 11 March 1743: Rice etc 9 cwt 1 quarter 3 quarters 26 lb rice, £16 12s 3d 26 bushels calavances, £1 6s 0d Total, £17 18s 3d Kersey, 4 yards, £7 0s 7.5d Brandy, 30 gallons, £9 15s 10d Hooks 3 dozen black hooks, £0 1s 3.5d 3 dozen hooks, No 6, £0 1s 6d Deals, 2 double, £0 5s 4d Nails etc, £0 0s 3d Carried over, £35 2s 1.5d
80	77	Blacks Brought over£ 35 . 2 . 1½ Flannel 4 Yards 1 . 4 Beef & Pork viz.t 4 Punchen Beef 6 . 6 . 6 4 do Pork 6 . 1 . 10½ 12 . 8 . 4½ Total of Blacks Amounting to£ 47 . 14 . 9¾ Diet Expences from the 1st January to the 11th March 1743 &c Beef & Pork viz.t 17 pd Punch Beef 17 . 9 . 9 14 do Pork 14 . 4 . 4½ 31 . 14 . 1½ Arrack 27 Gallons 94 . 8 Bread & Flour viz.t Ct 28 . 3 Flour 23 . 14 . 4½ 14 Bread 2 23 . 16 . 4½ Sugar and Candy viz.t Ct 8 . 2 . 8 Sugar 11 . 13 . 4½ 2 . 2 . 12 Candy 4 . 11 . 3 16 . 4 . 7½ Oil viz.t 16 Bottles Florence 2 1 Gallon Lamp 3 . 4 2 . 3 . 4 Vinegar 2½ Gallons 5 Pepper 6 pd 3 Salt 9 Bushells 2 . 12 . 6 Turnersware 1 Flaskett 2 . 4 Bunting 1 Yard 8 Corks 3 Gross 1 . 3 Total of Diet Expences Amounting to£ 172 . 1 . 3½	Blacks, brought over, £35 2s 1.5d Flannel, 0.5 yard, £0 1s 1d Beef and pork 0.5 puncheon beef, £6 6s 6d 0.5 ditto pork, £6 1s 10.5d Total, £12 8s 4.5d Total of Blacks amounting to £47 [...] Diet expenses from 1 January to 11 March 1743 Beef and pork 17 [...] beef, £17 9s 9.5d 14 [...] pork, £14 2s 1.5d Total, £31 14s 1.5d Arrack, 37 gallons, £9 4s 8d Bread and flour 2 cwt 8 lb 3 quarters flour, £23 14s 1.5d 14 [...] bread, £0 2s 0d Total, £23 16s 1.5d Sugar and candy 8 cwt 2 quarters 8 lb sugar, £11 13s 1.5d 1 cwt 2 quarters 12 lb candy, £4 11s 3d Total, £16 4s 7.5d Oil 16 bottles Florence, £2 0s 0d 1 gallon lamp, £0 3s 1d Total, £2 3s 1d Vinegar, 2.5 gallons, £0 5s 0d Pepper, 6 lb, £0 3s 0d Salt, 9 bushels, £2 12s 6d Turners' ware, 1 flasket, £0 2s 1d Bunting, 1 yard, £0 8s 1d Corks, 3 gross, £0 11s 3d Total of diet expenses amounting to £172 1s 3.5d
81	78	Fortification from the 1st January to the 11th March 1743 viz.t Barrow Wheels 13 2 . 3 . 4 Carts 4 14 Leather 13 pd 9 . 5½ Deals viz.t 2 pc Large Amber 1 . 2 . 8 41 feet Oak Plank 2 . 1½ 3 . 2 . 9½ Masts 1 Foprail yard 4 . 15 Nails viz.t 12 pd 6d Nails 5 4 pd 8d Do 1 . 2 7 . 3 Do 14 . 6 53½ Spikes 3¼ 1 . 11½ Blocks &c 1 Iron Bound 6 . 6 6 Double Blocks 10 1 Leading Block 3 19 . 6 Cordage 618 . 3 . 27 32 . 9 . 7½ Ironmongerware viz.t 2 Gimblets 1½ 6 Pickaxes & Helves 9 . 4 3 Augers 1 . 6 2 Helves 1 . 4 11 . 11½ Total of Fortification Amounting to£ 46 . 6 . 8½ Soldiers Clothes from the 1st January to the 11th March 1743 viz.t 9 Centinels Coats and Hatts 13 . 10 4 Matrasses Do Do 7 . 14 . 10 1 Gunrs Mitre Coat & Hatt 3 . 10 . 3 24 . 15 . 1	Fortification, from 1 January to 11 March 1743 Barrow wheels, 13, £2 3s 1d Oars, 4, £0 11s 0d Leather, 13 lb, £0 5s 5.5d Deals 2 pieces large timber, £1 2s 8d 41 feet oak plank, £2 0s 1.5d Total, £3 2s 9.5d Masts, 1 topsail yard, £4 15s 0d Nails 17 cwt 6 nails, £0 5s 0d 4 cwt 20 ditto, £0 1s 2d 7 cwt 3 quarters 20 ditto, £0 14s 6d 53.5 spikes, £0 0s 3.5d Total, £1 0s 11.5d Blocks 1 iron-bound, £0 6s 6d 2 double blocks, £0 10s 0d 1 leading block, £0 3s 0d Total, £0 19s 6d Cordage, 3 cwt 1 quarter 8 lb 3 quarters 27 lb, £32 9s 7.5d Ironmongers' ware 2 gimlets, £0 1.5d 2 pickaxes and helves, £0 9s 3d 3 augers, £0 1s 6d 2 helves, £0 1s 4d Total, £0 11s 11.5d Total of fortification amounting to £46 6s 8.5d Soldiers' clothes, from 1 January to 11 March 1743 9 sentinels' coats and hats, £13 10s 0d 4 matrosses ditto, ditto, £7 14s 10d 1 gunner's mate's coat and hat, £3 10s 3d Total, £24 15s 1d
82	79	Boats from the 1st January to the 11th March 1743 viz.t Pitch & Tarr viz.t 82 pd Pitch 13 . 8 34 Gallons Tarr 1 . 2 . 8 1 . 16 . 4 Haberdashery 2¾ oz Silk 3 . 9 Cutlerware 3 Wood Handle Knives 1 . 3 Cordage 6 pd . 3 . 5 11 . 12 . 3½ Ironware 1 Scraper 1 . 8 Leather ¾ 2 Oars 4 13 . 4 Canvas 7 pc English 8 . 5½ Nails &c 12 pd 6d Nails 5 3½ pd 8d Do 1 . 2 2 . 3 do 2¾ 7 . 4½ Total of Boats Amounting to£ 15 . 4 . 7½ Plantation from the 1st January to the 17th March 1743 &c Cordage 50 16 . 8 Oil 2 Gallons Lamp 6 . 8 Sinnyare 2 Watering Pots 11 Nails 17 Bonads 6 . [...] Paddy Ct 18 . 24 4 . 11 . 2 Total of Plantation Amounting to£ 6 . 11 . 6½	Boats, from 1 January to 11 March 1743 Pitch and tar 8 lb pitch, £0 13s 8d 34 gallons tar, £1 2s 8d Total, £1 16s 4d Haberdashery, 2.75 oz silk, £0 3s 9d Cutlery ware, 3 wood-handle knives, £0 1s 3d Cordage, 6 lb 3 quarters 5 lb, £11 12s 3.5d Ironware, 1 scraper, £0 1s 8d Leather, 0.25 lb, £0 0s 2d Oars, 4, £0 13s 4d Canvas, 7.75 yards English, £0 8s 5.5d Nails 12 lb 6 nails, £0 5s 0d 3 lb 5 10 ditto, £0 1s 2d 2 lb 3 ditto, £0 1s 2.5d 0.5 lb pounds, £0 0s 2.5d Total, £0 7s 1.5d Total of boats amounting to £15 4s 7.5d Plantation, from 1 January to 11 March 1743 Cordage, 50 lb, £0 16s 8d Oil, 2 gallons lamp, £0 6s 8d Ironware, 2 watering pots, £0 11s 0d Nails, 17 lb rounds, £0 6s 7.5d Paddy, 1 cwt 8 lb 21 lb, £4 11s 2d Total of plantation amounting to £6 11s 6.5d
83	80	Hospital from the 1st January to the 11th March 1743 &c Bread 8 pd 13 . 4 Oil 3¾ Gallons Lamp 12 . 6 Paddy 8 pd 3 . 8 Soap 2 pd 1 . 3 Salt ½ Bushel 2 . 11 Rice Ct 1 . 14 1 . 6 Total of Hospital Amounting to£ 1 . 18 . 2 Garrison from the 1st January to the 11th March 1743 viz.t Arrack 18 Gallons 3 . 12 Brandy 16 Gallons 1 . 19 . 2 Cutlerware 2 Butchers Knives 10 Deals 9 double 18 . 8 Lines 2 Hanks 3 . 8 Iron Potts &c 11 Large Potts 4 . 8 3 Small do 13 1 Kettle 1 . 2 . 2 6 . 3 . 2 Ironware 2 Fraying Pans 6 . 10 Lead 9 pd Sheet 1 . 6 Nails &c 9 . 5 6d Nails 2 . 11 1 . 10 8d do 4 12 . 3 do 7 10 . 3 Garrison Carried over£ 13 . 18 . 1	Hospital, from 1 January to 11 March 1743 Bread, 8 lb, £0 13s 1d Oil, 3.5 gallons lamp, £0 12s 6d Paddy, 8 lb, £0 3s 8d Soap, 2 lb, £0 1s 3d Salt, 0.5 bushel, £0 2s 11d Rice, 1 cwt 1 lb, £0 4s 6d Total of hospital amounting to £1 18s 2d Garrison, from 1 January to 11 March 1743 Arrack, 18 gallons, £3 12s 0d Brandy, 16 gallons, £1 19s 2d Cutlery ware, 2 butchers' knives, £0 0s 10d Deals, 9 double, £0 18s 8d Lines, 2 hanks, £0 3s 8d Iron pots 11 large pots, £4 8s 0d 3 small ditto, £0 13s 0d 1 kettle, £1 2s 2d Total, £6 3s 2d Ironware, 2 frying pans, £0 6s 10d Lead, 9 lb sheet, £0 1s 6d Nails 9 lb 5 nails, £0 2s 11d 1 lb 10 ditto, £0 0s 4d 12 lb 3 ditto, £0 7s 0d Total, £0 10s 3d Garrison, carried over, £13 18s 1d
84	81	Brought over£ 13 . 18 . 1 Oil viz.t 29¾ Gallons Lamp 1 . 19 . 2 ½ Gallon Florence 5 ¼ do Linseed 2 . 2½ 5 . 6 . 4½ Turnersware viz.t 6 Paint Brushes 2 . 3 3 Wood Platters 1 . 9 3 do Bowles 1 . 9 5 . 9 Lanthornes 1 Muscovey Light 7 . 5½ Soap 7 pd 3¾ Sugar 2 pd 5 Tea 8¾ pd 2 . 1 . 3 Total of Garrison Amounting to£ 21 . 19 . 7½ Woollen Manufacture from the 1st January to the 11th March 1743 Oil 2½ Gallons Lamp 8 . 4 Lines 1 No 6 5 Thread &c 2¼ Total of Woollen Manufacture Amounting to£ 10 . 9¼ Soldiers Diet from the 1st January to the 11th March 1743 &c Beef & Pork viz.t 9 Punchl Beef 171 29½ do Pork 33 . 11 204 . 11 Rice 1 . 1 . 10 2 . 16 Total£ 207 . 7	Brought over, £13 18s 1d Oil 29.75 gallons lamp, £1 19s 2d 0.5 gallon Florence, £0 5s 0d 0.25 ditto linseed, £0 2s 2.5d Total, £5 6s 4.5d Turners' ware 6 paint brushes, £0 2s 3d 3 wood platters, £0 1s 9d 3 ditto bowls, £0 1s 9d Total, £0 5s 9d Lanthorns, 1 Muscovy light, £0 7s 5.5d Soap, 0.5 lb, £0 0s 3.75d Sugar, 2 lb, £0 0s 5d Tea, 0.75 lb, £2 1s 3d Total of garrison amounting to £21 19s 7.5d Woollen manufacture, from 1 January to 11 March 1743 Oil, 2.5 gallons lamp, £0 8s 1d Lines, 1, No 6, £0 0s 5d Thread, £0 2s 3.5d Total of woollen manufacture amounting to £0 10s 9.5d Soldiers' diet, from 1 January to 11 March 1743 Beef and pork 2 puncheons beef, £171 0s 0d 2.75 ditto pork, £33 11s 0d Total, £204 11s 0d Rice, 1 cwt 1 quarter 10 lb, £2 16s 0d Total, £207 7s 0d
85	82	Charges General from 1st Janry to March 11th 1743. Deals &c viz.t 4 Double Deals 10 . 8 1 Sparr 4 Inl Wainscott Boards 8 69 Double Deals used under ye Goods in ye Store Cellars 9 . 4 10 . 2 . 8 Brandy 10 Gallons 1 . 19 . 2 Allejars 2 pc 1 . 3 . 6 China Ware 1 Sett dishes & plates Colrd and Gilt 1 Candles Ct 1 . 3 . 13½ 11 . 16 . 9½ Braziers Ware viz.t 1 Pair Brass Candlesticks 6 . 9½ 2 Melting Saucepans 12 . 1 1 Small do 3 . 9 1 Hash Pan 11 1 Small Copper Kettle 1 . 9 . 10 3 . 3 . 5½ Glaziers Ware viz.t 6 Sqft Glass 8 by 10 2 . 3 8 do 6 by 8 1 . 4 3 . 7 Hooks &c 1 Line No 1 2½ Iron 7 . 3 . 22 5 . 12 . 3 Haberdashery viz.t 10 pc Narrow White Tape 1 . 4½ 8 pc do Red 3 . 4 9 Yds Ferrit 2 . ¾ 2 pc Red Tape 10½ 10 . 7¼ Carried over£ 38 . 12 . 3¼	Charges general, from 1 January to 11 March 1743 Deals 4 double deals, £0 10s 8d 1 spar, £0 0s 0d 4 inch wainscot boards, £0 8s 0d 69 double deals used under the goods in the storehouse cellars, £9 4s 0d Total, £10 2s 8d Brandy, 10 gallons, £1 19s 2d Allejars, 2 pieces, £1 3s 6d China ware, 1 sett dishes and plates, coloured and gold, £1 0s 0d Candles, 1 cwt 3 quarters 13.5 lb, £11 16s 9.5d Braziers' ware 1 pair brass candlesticks, £0 6s 9.5d 2 melting saucepans, £0 12s 1d 1 small ditto, £0 3s 9d 1 hash pan, £0 11s 0d 1 small copper kettle, £1 9s 10d Total, £3 3s 5.5d Glaziers' ware 6 feet glass, 8 by 10, £0 2s 3d 8 ditto, 6 by 8, £0 1s 4d Hooks etc, 1 line, No 1, £0 0s 2.5d Iron, 7 cwt 3 quarters 22 lb, £3 12s 3d Haberdashery 10 pieces narrow white tape, £0 1s 1.5d 8 pieces ditto, red, £0 3s 4d 9 yards ferret, £0 2s 0.75d 2 pieces red tape, £0 10s 0.5d Total, £0 10s 7.75d Carried over, £38 12s 3.5d
86	83	Brought over£ 59 . 14 . 1½ Oil viz.t 4¾ Gallons Linseed 1 . 11 . ¾ 1 do Lamp 3 . 4 1 . 14 . 4½ Paint viz.t 13 pd White Lead 3 . 6 3 pd Spanish Brown 1 3 pd Yellow Oaker 8 5 . 2 Soap 1 Chest Wt Ct 2 . 1 . 13 8 . 5 . 7½ Long Cloth 4 pc 1 . 8 Shalloon 1¾ Yard 2 . 11½ Turners Ware 4 Paint Brushes 1 . 4 Coals 11 Chaldron 11 Bushells 14 . 14 . 3 Tin Ware 2 Gallon Tin funnels 1 Total£ 89 . 9 . 10½ I have receiv'd from Geo Gab Powell Esqr the late Govr for the underwritten particulars which are charged under General heads but on settling with him he delivered me a list of what particulars he had used on his own account and which are charged as above and paid for the same wch are as follow viz.t Beef & Pork viz.t 10 pd Beef 1 . 8 31 pd Pork 3 . 1 . 3 7 . 2 . 11 Rice 1000 1 Candles 50 6 . 5 Arrack 36 Gallons 12 . 5 Carried over£ 32 . 12 . 11	Brought over, £59 14s 1.5d Oil 4.75 gallons linseed, £1 11s 0.25d 1 ditto lamp, £0 3s 4d Total, £1 14s 4.25d Paint 13 lb white lead, £0 3s 6d 3 lb Spanish brown, £0 1s 0d 3 lb yellow ochre, £0 0s 8d Total, £0 5s 2d Soap, 1 chest weighing 2 cwt 1 quarter 13 lb, £8 5s 7.5d Long cloth, 4 pieces, £1 8s 0d Shalloon, 1.75 yard, £0 2s 11.5d Turners' ware, 1 paint brushes, £0 1s 4d Coals, 11 chaldron 11 bushels, £11 14s 3d Tinware, 2 gallon tin funnels, £0 1s 0d Total, £89 9s 10.5d I have received from George Gabriel Powell, esquire, the late Governor, for the underwritten particulars, which are charged under general heads, but on settling with him he delivered me a list of what particulars he had used on his own account, and which are charged as above and paid for the same, which are as follows, viz: Beef and pork 10 lb beef, £1 1s 8d 31 lb pork, £3 1s 3d Total, £7 2s 11d Rice, 1,000 lb, £7 1s 0d Candles, 50 lb, £6 5s 0d Arrack, 35 gallons, £12 5s 0d Carried over, £32 12s 11d Interpretations This note shows the general accounts had originally charged Powell's personal consumption of beef, pork, rice, candles and arrack under the same collective heads as the garrison's own supply, and that only on settling accounts after his departure did a separate list emerge itemising what he had actually used on his own account and requiring separate payment, a further specific instance of the mixing of Powell's private consumption with Company charges that the council's wider audit was working to disentangle.
87	84	Brought over£ 59 . 14 . 1½ Oil viz.t 4¾ Gallons Linseed 1 . 11 . ¾ 1 do Lamp 3 . 4 1 . 14 . 4½ Paint viz.t 13 pd White Lead 3 . 6 3 pd Spanish Brown 1 3 pd Yellow Oaker 8 5 . 2 Soap 1 Chest Wt Ct 2 . 1 . 13 8 . 5 . 7½ Long Cloth 4 pc 1 . 8 Shalloon 1¾ Yard 2 . 11½ Turners Ware 4 Paint Brushes 1 . 4 Coals 11 Chaldron 11 Bushells 14 . 14 . 3 Tin Ware 2 Gallon Tin funnels 1 Total£ 89 . 9 . 10½ I have receiv'd from Geo Gab Powell Esqr the late Govr for the underwritten particulars which are charged under General heads but on settling with him he delivered me a list of what particulars he had used on his own account and which are charged as above and paid for the same wch are as follow viz.t Beef & Pork viz.t 10 pd Beef 1 . 8 31 pd Pork 3 . 1 . 3 7 . 2 . 11 Rice 1000 1 Candles 50 6 . 5 Arrack 36 Gallons 12 . 5 Carried over£ 32 . 12 . 11	Brought over, £59 14s 1.5d Oil 4.75 gallons linseed, £1 11s 0.25d 1 ditto lamp, £0 3s 4d Total, £1 14s 4.25d Paint 13 lb white lead, £0 3s 6d 3 lb Spanish brown, £0 1s 0d 3 lb yellow ochre, £0 0s 8d Total, £0 5s 2d Soap, 1 chest weighing 2 cwt 1 quarter 13 lb, £8 5s 7.5d Long cloth, 4 pieces, £1 8s 0d Shalloon, 1.75 yard, £0 2s 11.5d Turners' ware, 1 paint brushes, £0 1s 4d Coals, 11 chaldron 11 bushels, £11 14s 3d Tinware, 2 gallon tin funnels, £0 1s 0d Total, £89 9s 10.5d I have received from George Gabriel Powell, esquire, the late Governor, for the underwritten particulars, which are charged under general heads, but on settling with him he delivered me a list of what particulars he had used on his own account, and which are charged as above and paid for the same, which are as follows, viz: Beef and pork 10 lb beef, £1 1s 8d 31 lb pork, £3 1s 3d Total, £7 2s 11d Rice, 1,000 lb, £7 1s 0d Candles, 50 lb, £6 5s 0d Arrack, 35 gallons, £12 5s 0d Carried over, £32 12s 11d Interpretations This note shows the general accounts had originally charged Powell's personal consumption of beef, pork, rice, candles and arrack under the same collective heads as the garrison's own supply, and that only on settling accounts after his departure did a separate list emerge itemising what he had actually used on his own account and requiring separate payment, a further specific instance of the mixing of Powell's private consumption with Company charges that the council's wider audit was working to disentangle.
88	85	Brought over£ 32 . 12 . 11 Oil 31 Gallons Linseed 10 . 6 . 8 Braziers Ware viz.t 1 pr Candlesticks 10 . 3 2 Melting Saucepans 18 . 2 1 Small do 5 . 8 1 Hashpan 16 . 6 1 Copper Kettle 2 . 4 . 9 4 . 15 . 4 Shirts 12 fine 1 . 19 Iron Potts 1 12 Ironware viz.t 1 Frying pan 6 1 Stock Lock 10 . 4 16 . 4 Justian ½ pc 18 . 9 Lanthorns 1 Muscovey light 12 Shalloon 1¾ Yd 1 . 4 Lead 11 pd Sheet 1 . 17 . 8 Deals 25 Double 5 Kersey 15 Yd 1 . 6 . 3 Total£ 61 . 1 . 3 (Sigd) E.E. R. Wright Storekeeper David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	Brought over, £32 12s 11d Oil, 31 gallons linseed, £10 6s 8d Braziers' ware 1 pair candlesticks, £0 10s 3d 2 melting saucepans, £0 18s 2d 1 small ditto, £0 5s 8d 1 hash pan, £0 16s 6d 1 copper kettle, £2 4s 9d Total, £4 15s 4d Shirts, 12 fine, £1 19s 0d Iron potts, 1, £0 12s 0d Ironware 1 frying pan, £0 6s 0d 1 stock lock, £0 10s 4d Total, £0 16s 4d Fustian, 0.5 piece, £0 18s 9d Lanthorns, 1 Muscovy light, £0 12s 0d Shalloon, 1.75 yard, £0 1s 4d Lead, 115 sheet, £1 17s 8d Deals, 25 double, £5 0s 0d Kersey, 15 yards, £1 6s 3d Total, £61 1s 3d Signed, Robert Wright, storekeeper. Signed by the council: David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling. Interpretations Wright's own signature on this account, itemising what Powell had personally used from candlesticks to lanterns to shalloon, sets the storekeeper's word against the honour Powell had asked the council to trust in his letter of early April; the council's decision to have all five members sign this particular list, rather than leave it to Wright alone, marks it as a settled finding rather than a disputed claim.
89	86	At a Consultation held on Tuesday 24th April 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr. Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lt. Govr. Christopher Dixon 3rd John Goodwin 4 Matthew Purling 5 of Council The last Consultation was read and approved This Day the following Petition was presented and read viz.t To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Govr &c. Council. The Petition of Sarah Bazett, Matthew Purling, Saml. Doveton, John Despountain & Rich. Beale Executors to the last Will of Mr John Bazett deceas'd Most Humbly Sheweth That your Petitioners having seen the Sum of £109 . 3 . 6 charg'd in the Honble Companies Books of Accounts upon the Estate of the said Mr John Bazett deceas'd under the Denomination of Faggots and said by his accusers to have rec'd the said sum Your Petitioners having Examin'd the Account of the said Mr John Bazett and they there find the Sum of £81 . 14 to the said John Bazett received for Faggots and no more, and the said Mr John Bazett on his death Bed did Solemnly declare that he never	The council met at the castle on Tuesday 24 April 1744. Governor Dunbar presided, with Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor and Dixon, Goodwin and Purling seated as the third, fourth and fifth of council. The council read and approved the record of the previous meeting. This day the council read the following petition. Sarah Bazett, Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale, executors to the will of John Bazett, deceased, petitioned the Governor and council. They set out that they had seen a sum of £129 3s 6d charged in the Company's books of account against Bazett's estate under the head of faggots, which his accusers said he had received, but that upon examining his own account they found only £81 14s [...] entered as received by him for faggots and no more, and that Bazett had on his deathbed solemnly declared that he had never [...] Interpretations John Bazett had served as a councillor, storekeeper and warehousekeeper for years before his death, so a disputed charge for faggots, ordinary cut firewood supplied to the Company, points to a private supply arrangement of his own rather than any error in the routine stores account he had himself once kept. Setting the executors' figure of £81 14s against the Company's charge of £129 3s 6d leaves a difference of some £47 unaccounted for, which the petition puts to a dying man's own sworn word against the Company's books, a contest the council was only weeks into deciding for Powell on rather similar terms.
90	87	did receive more than the Sum of £81 . 14 for Faggetts, and that he had Intimation that they had privately charg'd him w. the above Sum of £109 . 3 . 6 tho very wrongfully. And whereas Messrs. G.G. Powell and John Godfrey were the persons who charg'd the said John Bazett w. this Number of Faggots and who are now going from this Island, upon the first conveyance, Your Petitioners therefore Humbly pray, that the said Messrs. G.G. Powell and John Godfrey may be order'd to appear before this Council Board with your Petitioners, to show what grounds or reason they had to charge the said Mr John Bazett with so large a Sum for Faggots. And ye Petitioners as in Duty bound shall ever Pray (Signd) Sarah Bazett Samuel Doveton Richard Beale Matthew Purling John Despountain April 24 1744 Upon reading the above Petition, we sent for Mr Powell and Mr Godfrey and asked their Reasons for charging the late Mr Bazett so much for Faggots as mention'd in the said petition. Mr Powell answer'd he never meant it as a real Debt against him, that the same was Charg'd to Govr Goodwin & Mr Crispe as well as to Mr Bazett, that as they coud not discover what each of them had receiv'd for Faggots they therefore had placed the whole Sum to their severall accounts and left it to the Honble Court of Directors to settle as they	Bazett's petition continued that he had never received more than the sum of £81 14s for faggots, and that he had information they had privately charged him with the above sum of £129 3s 6d very wrongfully. Whereas Powell and John Godfrey were the persons who had charged Bazett with this number of faggots, and were now going from the island upon the first conveyance, the petitioners prayed that Powell and Godfrey be ordered to appear before the council board with the petitioners, to show what grounds or reasons they had to charge Bazett with so large a sum for faggots. Signed, 24 April 1744, by Sarah Bazett, Samuel Doveton, Richard Beale, Matthew Purling and John Defountain. Upon reading the petition, the council sent for Powell and Godfrey and asked their reasons for charging the late Bazett so much for faggots. Powell answered that he had never meant it as a real debt against Bazett, that the same sum was charged to Governor Goodwin and Crisp as well as to Bazett, and that as they could not discover what each of them had received for faggots, they had therefore placed the whole sum to their several accounts and left it to the Court of Directors to settle as they [...] Interpretations Powell's explanation reveals a bookkeeping shortcut rather than a settled debt: unable to establish what each of three men, Goodwin, Crisp and Bazett, had actually received for faggots, he and Godfrey had charged the full uncertain sum to all three accounts at once, leaving the Company to sort out the true liability later. Charging the same money to several men's accounts simultaneously meant the Company's books overstated what was owed by a multiple of however many names carried it, a practice that only came to light because Bazett had died and his executors examined his account directly against the entry.
91	88	they should think proper. Mr Powell further declares that he had often heard the late Mr Bazett say he never rec'd more than £81 . 14 for Faggots wch he believes to be very just from the good opinion he had of him. We finding the late Mr Bazett's declaration to be just relating to the Faggots, therefore unanimously agreed to debt his Estate with £81 . 14 which he had receiv'd upon that account. Mr Powell having suffer'd the Deals in the Companies Stores to be Sold the major part to himself, and taken out under the heads of Fortification and Charges General many more than could possibly be fairly expended for the Companies Use; and he having afterwards sold to them on 14 Febry 1743, 1000 Teak Boards, at one Shilling a Piece for wch he receiv'd £50, tho' bought by him at 4½ ea, and not deliver'd above 150 of them or thereabouts wch were much shatterd, and unfitt for the Companies use, We do therefore agreed to return those he had deliver'd and to debt him with the whole number. We likewise found at the same time £12 Charg'd for 20 pd Cherriderries wch Mr Powell deliver'd some time after the Governor's arrivall but they being unfitt for the Companies use we order'd them to be returned and he debted wch them. The Govr reports ye part of the Wall wch Supports the earth that is to make the Glasnee from the Ditch, at Ruports, is fallen down, and yt the foot of the Arch yt is over ye great Water Course there is much	Powell further declared that he had often heard the late Bazett say he never received more than £81 14s for faggots, which he believed to be very just from the good opinion he had of him. The council, finding Bazett's declaration to be just as it related to the faggots, unanimously agreed to debit his estate with £81 14s, which he had received upon that account. The council found that Powell had suffered the deals in the Company's stores to be sold, the major part to himself, and had taken out under the heads of fortification and charges general many more than could possibly be fairly expended for the Company's use. He had also sold the council on 14 February 1743 1,000 teak boards at one shilling a piece, for which he received £50, though bought by him at 4.75d each, and had not delivered above 150 of them or thereabouts, which were much shattered and unfit for the Company's use. The council therefore agreed to return those he had delivered and to debit him with the whole number. The council likewise found at the same time £12 charged for 20 cherry trees, which Powell had delivered some time after the Governor's arrival but which, being unfit for the Company's use, the council ordered returned and debited to him. The Governor reported that part of the wall that supports the earth making the glacis from the ditch at Rupert's had fallen down, and that of the four feet of arch that is over the great watercourse there was much [...] Interpretations Powell had sold the Company teak boards at more than four times what he paid for them, 1,000 boards costing him 4.75d apiece but charged back at a shilling each, and then delivered barely a sixth of the quantity, and those unfit for use. This was not a bookkeeping ambiguity of the kind found with the faggots but a direct profit taken on a sale to the very institution he governed, using its own money to buy from himself at a marked-up price while shorting the delivery. Clearing Bazett's account on the strength of Powell's own corroborating word shows the council treating Powell as a credible witness to another man's honesty in the same sitting it was building a case against his own, a distinction resting on whether the money in question was owed to the Company or by it.
92	89	damaged & in danger of being Carried away by the next rains, We Order'd them to be repaired. The Govr reports yt the Timbers wch raise ye draw bridge, are very rotten much crackd & likely to break, & yt the Arch lately built over the great water course on the left of the Line is in danger of falling. Agreed yt new timbers be made for ye Drawbridge, & the Arch repaired. The Govr reports yt Capt. Coke of his Majestys Ship Hector, has applied to him for Workmen & materials to new lay his furnace wch he was oblig'd to break up to extinguish a fire yt was under 'em. Agreed yt he should be supplyd wt it may be requird for ye purpose. List of the Honble Companies Servants upon the Island St Helena wt their Severall Salaries & Board Wages for the Months of January, Febry & March 1744 viz.t David Dunbar Esqr. Govr. from the 11 March@ £300 pAnn 27 . 11 . 4½ Ditto Servants@ £126 . 19 . 0 7 . 10½ Charles Hutchinson Lt Govr.@ £250 pr Ann from 11 March 3 . 12 . 2 13 . 15 . 8¼ Christopher Dixon 3d of Council from 13 Febry 1743 to 17 April 1744 @ 80 pAnn 13 . 7 . 4½ Ditto 4th of Council from 17 April to 11th of March@ £60 pAnn 5 . 1 . 7½ Do 3d of Council from 11 March @ £80 pAnn 4 . 7 . 8 7 . 16 . 8¼ John Goodwin 4th of Council@ £60 pAnn from 11 March 3 . 5 . 9 Do Accompt from Do@ 31 . 12 . 6 1 . 14 . 7¼ 5 . ½ Carried over£ 128 . 5 . 4	The council found part of the wall supporting the earth that makes the glacis from the ditch at Rupert's damaged and in danger of being carried away by the next rains, and ordered it repaired. The Governor reported that the timbers raising the drawbridge were very rotten, much wracked and likely to break, and that the arch lately built over the great watercourse on the left of the line was in danger of falling. The council agreed that new timbers be made for the drawbridge and the arch repaired. The Governor reported that Captain Locke of His Majesty's ship Hector had applied to him for workmen and materials to relay his furnace, having been obliged to break it up to extinguish a fire under it. The council agreed he should be supplied with what might be required for the purpose. A list of the Company's servants upon the island of St Helena, with their several salaries and board wages, for the months of January, February and March 1744: David Dunbar, Governor, from 11 March at £300 per annum, £27 11s 4.5d Ditto servants at £126 19s per annum, £7 10s 5d Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor, at £250 per annum from 11 March, £[...] Ditto board wages, £13 15s 8.5d Christopher Dixon, third of council, from 13 February 1742 to 17 April 1743 at £80 per annum, £13 7s 7.5d Ditto, fourth of council, from 17 April to 11 March, at £[...] per annum, £5[...] 1s 7.5d Ditto, third of council, from 11 March at £80 per annum, £4 7s 8d Ditto board wages, £7[...] 16s 8.5d John Goodwin, fourth of council, board wages from 11 March, £3 5s 9d Ditto accomptant, from ditto, at £31 12s 6d, £1 14s 7.5d Carried over, £128 5s 4d Interpretations Dixon's salary is broken into three separate periods rather than paid as one continuous entitlement: third of council to April 1743, a lesser fourth-of-council rate through his suspension, and third of council again from 11 March 1744. Paying him at all for the suspended period, even at a reduced rank and rate rather than nothing, shows the council implementing its decision of 3 April to represent his claim home while treating his standing during the suspension itself as a step down rather than a complete blank.
93	90	Brought over£ 128 . 5 . ½ Matthew Purling Factor to 11 March@ £60 pAnn Including House rent 11 . 13 . 5 Do 5th of Council from 11 April@ 70 pAnn Includg house rent 3 . 16 . 8½ 15 . 10 . 1½ Edwin Alcock Chaplain@ £100 pAnn to ye 11 March 19 . 9 . ½ Do@ £60 pAnn Incl. Diet from Do 8 . 15 . 4 28 . 4 . 4½ Joshua Svynam Factor 7 . 10 Fran Wrangham Writer@ 30 pAnn to 11 March 3 . 17 . 9½ Do Assist. Storekeeper@ 20 pAnn from Do 2 . 3 . 10 Do House rent & Diet 28 . 3 7 . 1 . 3 13 . 2 . 10½ James Powell Writer Includg house rent & Diet 12 . 1 . 3 Joseph Darvall Writer Includg house rent 7 . 10 Tho French Writer Includg house rent & Diet 12 . 1 . 3 John Alexander Writer Do 12 . 1 . 3 236 . 6 . 1 First Company John Clark 1st Lieutnant from 24 Nov. 1742 to 31 March 1744@ 70 pAnn 94 . 10 . 11½ Do House rent & Diet from Do@ 28 . 6 38 . 3 . 1½ Carried over£ 132 . 14 . 1 Carried over£ 236 . 6 . 1	Brought over, £128 5s 4.5d Matthew Purling, factor, to 11 March at £60 per annum, including house rent, £11 13s 5d Ditto, fifth of council from 11 March at £70 per annum, including house rent, £3 16s 8.5d Total, £15 10s 1.5d Edwin Alcock, chaplain, at £100 per annum to 11 March, £19 9s 0.5d Ditto at £160 per annum, including diet, from ditto, £8 15s 4d Total, £28 4s 4.5d Joshua Twynam, factor, £7 10s 0d Francis Wrangham, writer, at £50 per annum to 11 March, £3 17s 9.5d Ditto, assistant storekeeper, at £20 per annum from ditto, £2 3s 10d Ditto, house rent and diet, at £28 6s, £7 1s 3d Total, £13 2s 10.5d James Powell, writer, including house rent and diet, £12 1s 3d Joseph Darvall, writer, including house rent, £7 10s 0d Thomas French, writer, including house rent and diet, £12 1s 3d John Alexander, writer, ditto, £12 1s 3d Total, £236 6s 1d First Company John Clark, first lieutenant, from 24 November 1742 to 31 March 1744 at £70 per annum, £91 10s 11.5d Ditto house rent and diet from ditto, at £28 6s, £38 3s 1.5d Carried over, £132 14s 1d Carried over, £236 6s 1d
94	91	Brought over£ 236 . 6 . 1¼ Brought over£ 132 . 14 . 1 Daniel Owen 2d Lt from 11 March@ 67 . 7 . 6 pAnn Incl. house rent and Diet. 3 . 13 . 10½ Do Ensign to Do@ 58 . 3 pAnn Includg house rent & Diet. 11 . 6 . 7½ 15 . ½ Willm Hayes Adjutant@ 68 pAnn. Incl. house rent & Diet. 17 . 11 Do@ £26 . 18 from Do Serjeants Henry Beale@ 27 . 18 pAnn to the 11 March. 6 . 18 . ¾ 165 . 5 . 6¾ Do@ £26 . 18 from do 6 . 18 . ¾ Cnesiphorus Beale Ditto 6 . 18 . ¾ John Leech Ditto 6 . 18 . ¾ 20 . 14 . ¾ Corporals John Collins 1 . 7 . 9 Rich. Harper 1 . 7 . 9 Bartholomew Molloy 1 . 9 . 9 13 . 3 . 3 Thos Watts Drummer 1 . 7 . 9 William Ayncer 3 . 8 . 3 Joseph Bassett 3 . 8 . 3 William Bateman 3 . 8 . 3 George Bennitt 3 . 8 . 3 John Brown 3 . 8 . 3 Matthew Cammell 3 . 8 . 3 William Campbell 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Cope 3 . 8 . 3 Daniel Councib 3 . 8 . 3 30 . 14 . 3 Carried over£ 234 . 4 . 10½ Carried over£ 236 . 6 . 1¼	Brought over, £132 14s 1d Brought over, £236 6s 1.5d Daniel Owen, second lieutenant, from 11 March at £67 7s 6d per annum, including house rent and diet, £3 13s 10.5d Ditto, ensign, to ditto, at £58 3s per annum, including house rent and diet, £11 6s 7.5d Total, £15 0s 5.5d William Hayes, adjutant, at £8 [...] per annum, including house rent and diet, £17 11s 0d Ditto, sergeant, at £7 7s 6d per annum, £[...] Henry Beale at £27 18s per annum to 11 March, £165 5s 6.5d Ditto at £26 18s from ditto, £6 18s 0.75d Cnesiphorus Beale, ditto, £6 18s 0.75d John Leech, ditto, £6 18s 0.75d Total, £20 14s 2.25d Corporals John Collins, £1 7s 9d Richard Harper, £1 7s 9d Bartholomew Molloy, £1 9s 9d Thomas Watts, drummer, £13 3s 3d William Aynser, £3 8s 3d Joseph Bassett, £3 8s 3d William Bateman, £3 8s 3d George Bennitt, £3 8s 3d John Brown, £3 8s 3d Matthew Cammell, £3 8s 3d William Campbell, £3 8s 3d Thomas Cope, £3 8s 3d Daniel Council, £3 8s 3d Total, £30 14s 3d Carried over, £234 4s 10.5d Carried over, £236 6s 1.5d
95	92	Brought over£ 236 . 6 . [...] Brought over£ 234 . 4 . 10½ Peter Cummings 3 . 8 . 3 Robt Curry 3 . 8 . 3 Edwd Danfeld 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Enser from 11 March 1 . 4 . 11½ Tho Foxe Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Edwd Gill Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Daniel Henchart 3 . 8 . 3 Giles Hayes 3 . 8 . 3 Robt Hayes Enter'd 6 Mar 1 . 8 . 8½ Solomon Jacobs 3 . 8 . 3 John Jane 3 . 8 . 3 John Jones 3 . 8 . 3 Wollaston Jones 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Henslow from 11 March 1 . 4 . 11½ Wm Lambert Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Danl Langton 3 . 8 . 3 Alexr Lowder from 11 March 1 . 4 . 11½ Joseph Long 3 . 8 . 3 Stephen Luskin 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Ivey 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Manning 3 . 8 . 3 John Marsh from 11 March 1 . 4 . 11½ Robt Mason Sent Do 1 . 4 . 11½ James Merchant from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ Francis Moor Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ John Morgin 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Newis 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Price 3 . 8 . 3 66 . 8 . 6¼ 300 . 13 . 4¾ Carried over£ 236 . 6 . [...]	Brought over, £236 6s 1.5d Brought over, £234 4s 10.5d Peter Cummings, £3 8s 3d Robert Curry, £3 8s 3d Edward Danfeld, £3 8s 3d William Enser, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Thomas Fox, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Edward Gill, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Daniel Henchall, £3 8s 3d Giles Hayes, £3 8s 3d Robert Hayes, entered 6 March, £1 8s 8.5d Solomon Jacobs, £3 8s 3d John Jane, £3 8s 3d John Jones, £3 8s 3d Wollaston Jones, £3 8s 3d William Henslow, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d William Lambert, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Daniel Langton, £3 8s 3d Alexander Lowder, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Joseph Long, £3 8s 3d Stephen Lufkin, £3 8s 3d Thomas Joy, £3 8s 3d Thomas Manning, £3 8s 3d John Marsh, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Robert Mason, from ditto, £1 4s 11.5d James Merchant, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Francis Moor, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d John Morgin, £3 8s 3d William Newis, £3 8s 3d William Price, £3 8s 3d Carried over, £66 8s 6.5d Carried over, £300 13s 4.5d Carried over, £236 6s 1.5d
96	93	Brought over£ 236 . 6 . 1¾ Brought over£ 300 . 13 . 4¾ James Richardson 3 . 8 . 3 John Scotcher 3 . 8 . 3 Willm Trotman from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ James Vaughn 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Wagg 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Wattson 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Wells 3 . 8 . 3 Henry Wise from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ William Young Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ 22 . 14 . 4½ Total Amount of yt Company£ 323 . 7 . 9¼ Second Company James Scott 1st Lt@ 70 pAnn Diet@ 1/6 pday from 11 March 11 . 10 Thos Kendall 2d Lt@ 67 . 7 . 6 pAnn Incl. house rent and Diet. 3 . 13 . 10¾ Serjeants Edwd Bayley Ensign to 11 March @ 58 . 5 Including Diet & rent 11 . 16 . 1 Do Serjt@ 26 . 18 from Do 1 . 5 . ¾ 13 . 1 . 1¾ Wm Seale@ 27 . 18 to 11 March 6 . 18 . ¾ Do@ 26 . 18 pAnn. from Do 6 . 18 . ¾ Daniel Mason Ditto 6 . 18 . ¾ 13 . 16 . 2 Corporals John French Serjt@ 27 . 18 to 11 March 5 . 8 . 6½ Ditto Corporal from Do 19 . 2¾ Carried over£ 6 . 7 . 9¼ 42 . 1 Carried over£ 559 . 13 . 10¾	Brought over, £236 6s 1.5d Brought over, £300 13s 4.5d James Richardson, £3 8s 3d John Scotcher, £3 8s 3d William Trotman, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d James Vaughn, £3 8s 3d Thomas Hagg, £3 8s 3d Thomas Wattson, £3 8s 3d Peter Wells, £3 8s 3d Henry Wise, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d William Young, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Total, £22 14s 4.5d Total amount of first company, £323 7s 9.5d Second Company James Scott, first lieutenant, at £70 per annum, diet at 1s 6d per day from 11 March, £11 10s 0d Thomas Kendall, second lieutenant, at £67 7s 6d per annum, including house rent and diet, £3 13s 10.5d Sergeants Edward Bagley, ensign to 11 March at £58 5s, including diet and rent, £11 16s 1d Ditto, sergeant, at £26 18s from ditto, £1 5s 0.5d William Seale at £27 18s to 11 March, £6 18s 0.5d Ditto at £26 18s per annum from ditto, £6 18s 0.5d Daniel Mason, ditto, £6 18s 0.5d Total, £13 1s 1.5d Total, £13 16s 0.5d Corporals John French, sergeant, at £27 18s to 11 March, £5 8s 6.5d Ditto, corporal, from ditto, £0 19s 2.25d Carried over, £42 1s [...] Carried over, £359 13s 10.75d
97	94	Brought over£ 559 . 13 . 10¾ Brought over£ 12 . 1 . ½ Corporals Brought over£ 6 . 7 . 9¼ Gabriel Isaac 1 . 7 . 9 Sam. Ashwick 1 . 7 . 9 15 . 3 . 3¼ Thomas London Drummer@ 7 pAnn 1 . 15 James Allis 3 . 8 . 3 Edwd Allis 3 . 8 . 3 Joseph Andrews 3 . 8 . 3 George Ayres 3 . 8 . 3 John Beardwelt from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ Peter Barker 3 . 8 . 3 Andrew Barton 3 . 8 . 3 Edward Burford from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ John Burk 3 . 8 . 3 Daniel Bush 3 . 8 . 3 Anthony Castile 3 . 8 . 3 Nicholas Cope 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Crine from Mar 11 1 . 4 . 11½ Barren Deleaf 3 . 8 . 3 John Drury 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Doveton 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Firrall from Mar 11 1 . 4 . 11½ John Fisher Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ John Fletcher Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Levi Frize Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Christopher Garland 3 . 8 . 3 John Hayes 3 . 8 . 3 56 . 8 . 5¾ 115 . 9 . 7¼ Carried over£ 559 . 13 . 10¾	Brought over, £559 13s 10.75d Brought over, £42 1s 0.5d Corporals, brought over, £6 7s 9.5d Gabriel Isaac, £1 7s 9d Samuel Ashwick, £1 7s 9d Total, £15 3s 3.5d Thomas London, drummer, at 7.5d per diem, £1 15s 0d James Allis, £3 8s 3d Edward Allis, £3 8s 3d Joseph Andrews, £3 8s 3d George Ayres, £3 8s 3d John Beardwell, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Peter Barker, £3 8s 3d Andrew Barton, £3 8s 3d Edward Busford, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d John Burk, £3 8s 3d Daniel Bush, £3 8s 3d Anthony Castile, £3 8s 3d Nicholas Cope, £3 8s 3d Thomas Cune, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Barren Deleaf, £3 8s 3d John Drury, £3 8s 3d William Dovetin, £3 8s 3d Peter Firrall, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d John Fisher, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d John Fletcher, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Levi Frize, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Christopher Garland, £3 8s 3d John Hayes, £3 8s 3d Carried over, £56 8s 5.5d Carried over, £115 9s 9.5d Carried over, £559 13s 10.75d
98	95	Brought over£ 559 . 13 . 10¾ Brought over£ 115 . 7 . 9¼ Daniel Hayes 3 . 8 . 3 John Holleway 3 . 8 . 3 James Inglish 3 . 8 . 3 William Kerr 3 . 8 . 3 Saml. Kilsen from 11 March 1 . 4 . 11½ Richard Kent 3 . 8 . 3 William Leaver from Do 1 . 4 . 11½ James Long Corp to 11 Mar Ditto Centinel from Do 1 . 3 . 2¾ Robt Mason 3 . 8 . 3 John Mudge 3 . 8 . 3 John Murdock 3 . 8 . 3 William Page 3 . 8 . 3 Stephen Power 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Payne 3 . 8 . 3 Daniel Rest 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Ryland 3 . 8 . 3 John Smith from 11 March 1 . 4 . 11½ Rich Smith 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Stretton from Do 1 . 4 . 11½ William Swaits 3 . 8 . 3 Rich. Swaits 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Wright 3 . 8 . 3 65 . 3 . 3¾ Total pay of 2nd Company Amtg to£ 180 . 11 . 1 Third Company Thos Easthope 1st Lt@ 50 pAnn Includg house rent and Diet from 11 March 11 Carried over£ 740 . 4 . 11¼	Brought over, £559 13s 10.75d Brought over, £115 9s 9.5d Daniel Hayes, £3 8s 3d John Holloway, £3 8s 3d James Inglish, £3 8s 3d William Kerr, £3 8s 3d Samuel Kilsen, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Richard Kent, £3 8s 3d William Leaver, from ditto, £1 4s 11.5d James Long, corporal to 11 March, £3 8s 3d Ditto, centinel from ditto, £1 3s 2.5d Robert Mason, £3 8s 3d John Mudge, £3 8s 3d John Murdock, £3 8s 3d William Page, £3 8s 3d Stephen Power, £3 8s 3d Thomas Payne, £3 8s 3d Daniel Best, £3 8s 3d Thomas Byland, £3 8s 3d John Smith, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Richard Smith, £3 8s 3d Thomas Stretton, from ditto, £1 4s 11.5d William Swaits, £3 8s 3d Richard Swaits, £3 8s 3d Thomas Wright, £3 8s 3d Total, £63 3s 3.5d Total pay of second company amounting to £180 11s 1d Third Company Thomas Easthope, first lieutenant, at £50 per annum, including house rent and diet, from 11 March, £11 0s 0d Carried over, £[...] Carried over, £740 4s 11.5d
99	96	Brought over£ 740 . 4 . 11¼ Brought over£ 11 John Barden Ensign to 11 Mar @ 58 . 5 pAnn Incl Diet &c. 11 . 6 . 7½ Do 2d from Do@ 67 . 7 . 6 pAnn Incl. House rent & Diet. 3 . 13 . 10½ 15 . ½ Serjeants Joseph Despountain Ensign to 11 Mar@ 58 . 5 Incl Diet &c. 11 . 16 . 1 Do Serjt@ 26 . 18 from Ditto. 1 . 5 . ¾ 13 . 1 . 1¾ Thos Corkers@ 27 . 18 to 11 Mar 6 . 18 . ¾ Do@ 26 . 18 pAnn from Do 6 . 18 . ¾ Joseph Whaley Ditto 6 . 18 . ¾ 13 . 16 . ¾ Corporals Thos Swindle 1 . 7 . 9 John Aldrick 1 . 7 . 9 Bevan Ambrose 1 . 7 . 9 13 . 3 . 3 Benjamin Swaits Drummer@ Estab. 32 pAnn 2 . 17 . 8½ Centinels William Addams 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Allis 3 . 8 . 3 Willm Barrell 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Bashe 3 . 8 . 3 Willm Beckett from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ Andrew Blinman 3 . 8 . 3 John Beale 3 . 8 . 3 Matt. Brightwell 3 . 8 . 3 Willm Brown 3 . 8 . 3 28 . [...] . 11½ Carried over£ 99 . 19 . 6¾ Carried over£ 740 . 4 . 11¼	Brought over, £740 4s 11.5d Brought over, £11 0s 0d John Barden, ensign to 11 March at £58 5s per annum, including diet, £11 6s 7.5d Ditto, second lieutenant from ditto, at £67 7s 6d, £3 13s 10.5d Ditto, house rent and diet, £15 0s 5.5d Sergeants Joseph Defountain, ensign to 11 March, at £58 5s, including diet, £11 16s 1d Ditto, sergeant, at £26 18s from ditto, £1 5s 0.5d Total, £13 1s 1.5d Thomas Corker, at £27 18s to 11 March, £6 18s 0.5d Ditto, at £26 18s per annum from ditto, £6 18s 0.5d Joseph Whaley, ditto, £6 18s 0.5d Total, £13 16s 0.5d Corporals Thomas Swindle, £1 7s 9d John Aldrick, £1 7s 9d Bevan Ambrose, £1 7s 9d Total, £13 3s 3d Benjamin Swaits, drummer, at 32d per diem, £2 17s 8.5d Centinels William Addams, £3 8s 3d William Allis, £3 8s 3d William Barrell, £3 8s 3d Peter Bashe, £3 8s 3d William Beckett, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Andrew Blinman, £3 8s 3d John Beale, £3 8s 3d Matt Brightwell, £3 8s 3d William Brown, £3 8s 3d Carried over, £28 0s 11.5d Carried over, £99 19s 6.5d Carried over, £740 4s 11.5d
100	97	Brought over£ 740 . 4 . 11¼ Brought over£ 99 . 19 . 6¾ Willm Bondfield 3 . 8 . 3 John Draper 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Dye from 11 March 1 . 4 . 11½ John Evans 3 . 8 . 3 Isaac Evans 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Fuller 3 . 8 . 3 John Ford 3 . 8 . 3 Septha Germain 3 . 8 . 3 James Glover from 11 March 1 . 4 . 11½ Wm Hastings Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Peter Higgins Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Philip Hillyard 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Hodges 3 . 8 . 3 Isaac Hudson 3 . 8 . 3 Joseph Hunt 3 . 8 . 3 Evan Jones 3 . 8 . 3 Richard Knight 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Kendrick 3 . 8 . 3 Charles Mountague 3 . 8 . 3 Abraham Major from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ Peter Mezure Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Patrick Murphy Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Willm Napper Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Thos Oliver 3 . 8 . 3 Lawrence Peterson 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Payne 3 . 8 . 3 67 . 8 . 2 Carried over£ 167 . 7 . 8¾ Carried over£ 740 . 4 . 11¼	Brought over, £740 4s 11.5d Brought over, £99 19s 6.5d William Bondfield, £3 8s 3d John Draper, £3 8s 3d William Dye, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d John Evans, £3 8s 3d Isaac Evans, £3 8s 3d Thomas Fuller, £3 8s 3d John Ford, £3 8s 3d Septha Germain, £3 8s 3d James Glover, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d William Hastings, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Peter Higgins, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Philip Hillyard, £3 8s 3d Thomas Hodges, £3 8s 3d Isaac Hudson, £3 8s 3d Joseph Hunt, £3 8s 3d Evan Jones, £3 8s 3d Richard Knight, £3 8s 3d Thomas Kendrick, £3 8s 3d Charles Mountague, £3 8s 3d Abraham Major, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Peter Mezure, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Patrick Murphy, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d William Napper, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Thomas Oliver, £3 8s 3d Lawrence Peterson, £3 8s 3d Thomas Payne, £3 8s 3d Carried over, £67 8s 2d Carried over, £167 7s 8.5d Carried over, £740 4s 11.5d
101		98	Brought over£ 740 . 4 . 11¼ Brought over£ 167 . 7 . 8½ Isaac Ripley from 11 March 1 . 4 . 11½ John Simpson 3 . 8 . 3 John Spencer Sent. 3 . 8 . 3 John Van Osten 3 . 8 . 3 John Upton 3 . 8 . 3 Benjd Williams 3 . 8 . 3 John Wills 3 . 8 . 3 John Woodivies from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ Jeremiah Wyrrit 3 . 8 . 3 25 . 7 . 8 Total Amount of the 3d Compys pay£ 192 . 15 . 4 Fourth Company John Despountain Ensign to 11 Mar@ 58 . 5 pAnn Incl Diet 11 . 6 . 7¼ Do 1st Lieut from Do@ 77 . 7 . 6 pAnn Incl. house rent & Diet 4 . 4 . 9¾ 15 . 11 . 4¾ Thos Kirkpatrick Ensign to 11 Mar@ 58 . 5 pAnn Incl Diet &c 11 . 6 . 7¼ Do 2d Lieut from Do@ 67 . 7 . 6 p Ann Includg house rent & Diet 3 . 13 . 10½ 15 . ¾ Serjeants Joseph Leighton@ 27 . 18 pAnn to 11 March. 5 . 8 . 6¼ Do@ 26 . 18 pAnn from Do. 1 . 9 . 5½ 6 . 18 . ¾ Willm Oakman Ditto 6 . 18 . ¾ David Wilson Do 6 . 18 . ¾ 13 . 16 . ¾ Corporals Willm Dorrib 1 . 7 . 9 Jona: Hallam 1 . 7 . 9 Car: over£ 8 . 15 . 6½ Car: over£ 51 . 5 . 11½ Carried over£ 933 -	Brought over, £740 4s 11.5d Brought over, £167 7s 8.5d Isaac Ripley, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d John Simpson, £3 8s 3d John Spencer, senior, £3 8s 3d John Van Osten, £3 8s 3d John Upton, £3 8s 3d Benjamin Williams, £3 8s 3d John Wills, £3 8s 3d John Woodivers, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Jeremiah Wyrril, £3 8s 3d Total, £25 7s 8d Total amount of the third company's pay, £192 15s 4d Fourth Company John Defountain, ensign to 11 March, at £58 5s per annum, including diet, £11 6s 7.5d Ditto, first lieutenant, from ditto, at £77 7s 6d per annum, including house rent and diet, £4 4s 9.5d Total, £15 11s 1.5d Thomas Kirkpatrick, ensign to 11 March, at £58 5s per annum, including diet, £11 6s 7.5d Ditto, second lieutenant, from ditto, at £67 7s 6d per annum, including house rent and diet, £3 13s 10.5d Total, £15 0s 5.5d Sergeants Joseph Leighton, at £27 18s per annum to 11 March, £5 8s 6.5d Ditto, at £26 18s per annum from ditto, £1 9s 5.5d Total, £6 18s 0.5d William Oakman, ditto, £6 18s 0.5d David Wilson, ditto, £6 18s 0.5d Total, £13 16s 0.5d Corporals William Dorrill, £1 7s 9d Jonathan Ballam, £1 7s 9d Carried over, £8 15s 6d Carried over, £51 5s 11.5d Carried over, £933 [...]
102		99	Brought over£ 933 . [...] . ¼ Brought over£ 51 . 5 . 11½ Corporals Brought over£ 8 . 15 . 6½ Isaac Knipe Sejt to 11 March@ 27 . 18 Do Corporal from Do to 11 6 . 7 . 9¼ 15 . 3 . 3¾ Willm Emes Drummer 1 . 7 . 9 Centinels Thomas Alcock 3 . 8 . 3 John Brown 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Borah 3 . 8 . 3 John Bardin 3 . 8 . 3 Willm Bull from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ Robt Bishop Do 1 . 4 . 11½ Henry Carter 3 . 8 . 3 Philip Catchpole 3 . 8 . 3 John Cheesman from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ Ed Cullimore Do 1 . 4 . 11½ Peter Cookley Do 1 . 4 . 11½ Walter Cox 3 . 8 . 3 John Cotel Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Michael Cole Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ Thomas Draper 3 . 8 . 3 Samuel Eals 3 . 8 . 3 John Ellis 3 . 8 . 3 Willm Gann 3 . 8 . 3 Jonathan Godby 3 . 8 . 3 John George 3 . 8 . 3 40 . 11 . 11½ 120 . 8 . 11 Carried over£ 933 . 1½	Brought over, £933 0s 1.5d Brought over, £51 5s 11.5d Corporals, brought over, £8 15s 6d Isaac Knipe, sergeant to 11 March at £27 18s, £6 7s 9.5d Ditto, corporal from ditto, £[...] Total, £15 3s 3.5d William Ernes, drummer, £1 7s 9d Centinels Thomas Alcock, £3 8s 3d John Brown, £3 8s 3d Thomas Borah, £3 8s 3d John Bardin, £3 8s 3d William Bull, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Robert Bishop, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Henry Carter, £3 8s 3d Philip Catchpole, £3 8s 3d John Cheesman, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Edward Cullimore, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Peter Cookley, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Walter Cox, £3 8s 3d John Cotel, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Michael Cole, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d Thomas Draper, £3 8s 3d Samuel Eals, £3 8s 3d John Ellis, £3 8s 3d William Gann, £3 8s 3d Jonathan Godby, £3 8s 3d John George, £3 8s 3d Total, £39 11s 11.5d Carried over, £120 8s 11d Carried over, £933 0s 1.5d
103		100	Brought over£ 933 . [...] . 4 Brought over£ 120 . 8 . 11 Francis Hayes 3 . 8 . 3 Henry Higgins 3 . 8 . 3 James Hall 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Hare from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ James Kendrick Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ James Lee 3 . 8 . 3 John Lewis 3 . 8 . 3 John Lowman from 26 Mar 1 . 6 William Moor 3 . 8 . 3 John Manvaky 3 . 8 . 3 Abraham Morris from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ John Pierce 3 . 8 . 3 James Peplse from 11 Mar 1 . 4 . 11½ Edward Richards Ditto 1 . 4 . 11½ John Rodermark 3 . 8 . 3 Benj Seale Corp from 24 Janry to 11 March 3 . 9 . 8½ Do Centinel from Do Arnold Safferi 3 . 8 . 3 Daniel Serjeant 3 . 8 . 3 John Saylor 3 . 8 . 3 Hendrick Christiansen 3 . 8 . 3 James Vaughn 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Uxenbourg 3 . 8 . 3 Benj Willcoms 3 . 8 . 3 James Whitehead 3 . 8 . 3 65 . 9 . 2¾ Total Amount of 4th Compys Pay£ 185 . 18 . 1½ Carried over£ 1178 . 18 . 6	Brought over, £933 0s 4d Brought over, £120 8s 11d Francis Hayes, £3 8s 3d Henry Higgins, £3 8s 3d James Hall, £3 8s 3d William Hare, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d James Kendrick, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d James Lee, £3 8s 3d John Lewis, £3 8s 3d John Lowman, from 26 March, £0 16s 6d William Moor, £3 8s 3d John Manvaky, £3 8s 3d Abraham Morris, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d John Pierce, £3 8s 3d James Peplse, from 11 March, £1 4s 11.5d Edward Richards, ditto, £1 4s 11.5d John Rodermark, £3 8s 3d Benjamin Seale, corporal from 14 January to 11 March, £3 9s 8.5d Ditto, centinel from ditto, £[...] Arnold Safseri, £3 8s 3d Daniel Sergeant, £3 8s 3d John Saylor, £3 8s 3d Hendrick Christiansen, £3 8s 3d James Vaughn, £3 8s 3d Peter Utzenburg, £3 8s 3d Benjamin Willvoms, £3 8s 3d James Whitehead, £3 8s 3d Total, £65 9s 2.75d Total amount of the fourth company's pay, £185 18s [...] Carried over, £1,118 18s 6d
104		101	Brought over£ 1178 . 18 . 6 Artillery Company John French Sent Master Gunner Incl. house rent & Diet 21 Gunners Mates Isaac Leech 1 . 17 . 6 Thomas Watts Sent. 1 . 17 . 6 Nathan Sample 1 . 17 . 6 Robt Wood 1 . 17 . 6 Roger Nevanson 1 . 17 . 6 William Kennedy 1 . 17 . 6 Wm Davis 1 . 17 . 6 Wm Chillingworth 1 . 17 . 6 39 Quarter Gunners Major Jackson 1 . 7 . 9 John Barret 1 . 7 . 9 John Nottidge 1 . 7 . 9 Walter Bellew 1 . 7 . 9 John Christoffell 1 . 7 . 9 Thos Villingham 1 . 7 . 9 John Spencer Junr. 1 . 7 . 9 John Spencer Minor 1 . 7 . 9 35 . 2 Matrosses Edward Arnold 1 . 1 . 3 John Burne 1 . 1 . 3 John Branagon Ent'd 17 Janry 3 . 5 . 10½ John Button 1 . 1 . 3 Joseph Boswell 1 . 1 . 3 19 . 10 . 10½ Carried over£ 93 . 2 Carried over£ 1118 . 18 . 6	Brought over, £1,118 18s 6d Artillery Company John French, master gunner, gunner, including house rent and diet, £21 0s 0d Gunner's mates Isaac Leech, £1 17s 6d Thomas Watts, sergeant, £1 17s 6d Nathan Sample, £1 17s 6d Robert Wood, £1 17s 6d Roger Nevanson, £1 17s 6d William Kennedy, £1 17s 6d William Davis, £1 17s 6d William Chillingworth, £1 17s 6d Total, £39 0s 0d Quarter gunners Major Jackson, £1 7s 9d John Barret, £1 7s 9d John Nottidge, £1 7s 9d Walter Bellew, £1 7s 9d John Christoffell, £1 7s 9d Thomas Villingham, £1 7s 9d John Spencer, junior, £1 7s 9d John Spencer, minor, £1 7s 9d Total, £35 2s 0d Matrosses Edward Arnold, £1 1s 3d John Burne, £1 1s 3d John Branagon, entered 17 January, £3 5s 10.5d John Button, £1 1s 3d Joseph Boswell, £1 1s 3d Carried over, £19 10s 10.5d Carried over, £93 2s [...] Carried over, £1,118 18s 6d
105		102	Brought over£ 1118 . 18 . 6 Brought over£ 95 . 2 Matrosses Brought over£ 19 . 10 . 10½ Francis Bush 1 . 1 . 3 John Butler 1 . 1 . 3 John Barnodus Cont'd to 18 Janry Ditto Matross from Do 3 . 10 . 5½ Samuel Clarke 1 . 1 . 3 Anthony Day Cont'd to 18 Mar Ditto Matross from Do 3 . 10 . 5½ Thos Dent Entered 19 Janry 3 . 5 . 10½ Ely Leech 1 . 1 . 3 Adam Milbourn 1 . 1 . 3 Thomas Prides 1 . 1 . 3 Humphry Pugh 1 . 1 . 3 James Pritchard 1 . 1 . 3 John Smith 1 . 1 . 3 Thos Tiltiwe 1 . 1 . 3 William Turner 1 . 1 . 3 John Watkins 1 . 1 . 3 78 . 12 . 8 Total amount of the Artillery Compys£ 173 . 14 . 8 Superanuated Joseph Whaley Serjt. 3 . 8 . 3 John Harson Do died 15 Janry 11 . 8 William Burnham 3 . 8 . 3 Isaac Augason 3 . 8 . 3 George Lindsey 3 . 8 . 3 Samuel Rufse 3 . 8 . 3 17 . 12 . 6 Margarett Goodwin a Pension@ £5pAnn 15 32 . 12 . 6 Carried over£ 1325 . 5 . [...]	Brought over, £1,118 18s 6d Brought over, £95 2s 0d Matrosses, brought over, £19 10s 10.5d Francis Bush, £1 1s 3d John Butler, £1 1s 3d John Barnodus, cornet to 18 March, £3 10s 5.5d Ditto, matross from ditto, £[...] Samuel Clarke, £1 1s 3d Anthony Day, cornet to 18 March, £3 10s 5.5d Ditto, matross from ditto, £[...] Thomas Dont, entered 19 January, £3 5s 10.5d Ely Leech, £1 1s 3d Adam Milbowin, £1 1s 3d Thomas Prides, £1 1s 3d Humphry Pugh, £1 1s 3d James Pritchard, £1 1s 3d John Smith, £1 1s 3d Thomas Sillitoe, £1 1s 3d William Swinner, £1 1s 3d John Watkins, £1 1s 3d Total, £78 12s 8d Total amount of the artillery company, £173 [...] Superannuated Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £3 8s 3d John Harson, died 15 January, £11 8s [...] William Burnham, £3 8s 3d Isaac Augason, £3 8s 3d George Lindsey, £3 8s 3d Samuel Kruse, £3 8s 3d Total, £17 12s 6d Margarett Goodwin, a pension, £15 0s 0d Total, £32 12s 6d Carried over, £1,325 5s [...]
106		103	Brought over£ 1325 . 5 . 8 Samuel Doveton Overseers at the 15 John Swaits Plantation 7 . 10 Richard Gurling 7 . 10 John Barton 6 . 5 Rich. Tinsley Do at ye Fortifications 6 . 5 James Dubois Surgeon from 1 Augt to 31 December@ 19 pAnn Advance. 31 . 6 . 4½ Do@ 34½ pAnn Incl. house rent & diet. William Price Clerk. 3 . 8 . 3 Francis Junge Armourer 12 . 1 . 3 John Cofe Do Mate 7 . 10 Henry Moyce Carpenter 12 . 10 John Artingstall Cooksore 7 . 10 Henry Higgins Horse keeper 2 John Leech Marshall 1 . 7 . 9 Do Custom Master 1 . 5 Rich. Beale Schoolmaster 6 . 12 . 9 Nicholas Cleather Steward 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Kirkpatrick Steward to Hospital 7 . 10 Willm Dowse Gardner 5 Willm Newis Lime blaster 9 . 11 . 3 Bluck Cooper 60 Days@ 6d pDay 7 . 10 Willm Hayes Master of Arms 6 Thomas Jarvis Taylor for 19 Days@ 6d 6 . 5 Edward Henslow Wheelright@ 50 pAnn from 11 March 8 . 11 . 6 Robt Maycock Cooper@ 35 pAnn from Do 2 . 14 . 9¼ 1 . 18 . 4½ 182 . 17 . 9 Carried over£ 1508 . 3 . 5	Brought over, £1,325 5s 8d Overseers at the plantations Samuel Doveton, £15 0s 0d John Twaits, £7 10s 0d Richard Girling, £7 10s 0d Ditto at the fortifications John Barton, £6 5s 0d Richard Insley, £6 5s 0d James Dubois, surgeon, from 1 August to 31 December at £19 per annum advance, ditto at £51.5 per annum including house rent and diet, £31 6s [...] William Price, clerk, £3 8s 3d Francis Junge, armourer, £12 1s 3d John Cross, ditto mate, £7 10s 0d Henry Moyce, carpenter, £12 10s 0d John Artingstall, cook, £7 10s 0d Henry Higgins, horsekeeper, £2 0s 0d John Leech, marshal, £1 7s 9d Ditto, custom master, £1 5s 0d Richard Beale, schoolmaster, £6 12s 9d [...], £3 8s 3d Nicholas Cleather, steward, £7 10s 0d Thomas Kirkpatrick, steward to hospital, £5 0s 0d William Dowse, gardener, £9 11s 3d William Newis, lime blaster, £7 10s 0d Black cooper, 60 days at [...] per day, £6 0s 0d William Hayes, master of arms, £6 5s 0d Thomas Jarvis, tailor, for 19 days at 3s 6d, £8 11s 6d Edward Henslow, wheelwright, at 50 per annum from 11 March, £2 14s 9.5d Robert Maycock, cooper, at 35 per annum from ditto, £1 18s 4.5d Total, £182 17s 9d Carried over, £1,508 3s 5d
107		104	Brought over£ 1508 . 3 . 5 Dead & Discharg'd viz.t Thomas Brown Died Janry 10th 7 . 5½ Thos Leech Do 2nd 2 . 2 Nathaniel Bidscalt Do Febry 23rd 1 . 19 . 7½ Willm Brooks Do March 3rd 2 . 7 . 8 Willm Bassett Do 4th 2 . 10 . 8¾ John Sprake Do 18th 2 . 18 . 3½ John Gurling Discharg'd March 31st 3 . 8 . 3 Hermonius Timons Do 25th 3 . 3 . 9 16 . 17 . 4½ Geo Gab Powell Esqr. Govr to 11 March 97 . 8 . 7½ Ditto Servants as usuall to Do 24 . 13 . 10½ 122 . 2 . 6 Total Pay Amounting to£ 1647 . 3 . 3½ Fortification for the Labour of the following Planters Blacks and Men of the Garrison viz.t Blacks belonging to the following planters viz.t John Bazetts Orphans 1 . 8 Samuel Doveton 13 John French Sent. 14 Joseph Despountain 3 Joshua Johnson 1 . 8 Richard Tinsley 1 . 8 Charles Towards Orphans 14 Henry Beale 2 John Barton 15 Carried Over£ 7 . 4	Brought over, £1,508 3s 6d Dead and discharged Thomas Brown, died 10 January, £0 7s 5.5d Thomas Leech, ditto, 3rd, £0 2s 2d Nathaniel Bidscalt, ditto, 25 February, £1 19s 7.5d William Brooks, ditto, 3 March, £2 7s 1.5d William Bassett, ditto, 8th, £2 10s 8.5d John Sprake, ditto, 18th, £2 18s 3.5d John Girling, discharged 31 March, £3 8s 3d Hermonius Timons, ditto, 25th, £3 3s 9d Total, £16 17s 4.5d George Gabriel Powell, Governor, to 11 March, £97 8s 7.5d Ditto, servants as usual to ditto, £24 13s 10.5d Total, £122 2s 6d Total pay amounting to £1,647 3s 4.5d Fortification, for the labour of the following planters' blacks and men of the garrison, viz: Blacks belonging to the following planters, viz: John Bazett's orphans, £1 8s 0d Samuel Doveton, £0 13s 0d John French, senior, £0 14s 0d Joseph Defountain, £0 3s 0d Joshua Johnson, £1 8s 0d Richard Insley, £1 8s 0d Charles Towards' orphans, £0 14s 0d Henry Beale, £0 2s 0d John Barton, £0 15s 0d Carried over, £7 4s 0d
108		105	Brought over£ 7 . 4 Men of the Garrison viz.t Matthew Cammell 8 Thos Sutton 3 Jonathan Godby 3 Robt Curry 2 Henry Carter 3 James Vaughn Sent. 8 John Ellis 8 James English 6 Daniel Rest 3 John Murdoch 6 John Drury 6 John Boyle 2 Joseph Hunt 9 James Lee 5 John Barden 8 John Simpson 5 Daniel Hanchard 7 William Bindfield 6 John Ford 8 William Gann 6 John Jane 9 John Morgan 6 John Hannakey 6 Peter Wells 6 Stephen Powers 5 Isaac Evans 6 9 . 4 Total Amount of Fortification£ 17 . 8	Men of the garrison, viz: Brought over, £7 4s [...] Matthew Cammell, 8 Thomas Sutton, 3 Jonathan Godby, 3 Robert Curry, 2 Henry Carter, 3 James Vaughn, senior, 8 John Ellis, 8 James English, 6 Daniel Best, 3 John Murdock, 6 John Drury, 6 John Beale, 2 Joseph Hunt, 9 James Lee, 5 John Barden, 8 John Simpson, 5 Daniel Hanchard, 7 William Bondfield, 6 John Ford, 8 William Gann, 6 John Jane, 9 John Morgan, 6 John Hannakey, 6 Peter Wells, 6 Stephen Powers, 5 Isaac Evans, 6 Total, £9 4s [...] Total amount of fortification, £17 8s [...]
109		106	Diet Expences for viz.t Paid Rich Bagley for 3400 Lemons 3 . 8 Ditto 1 Turkey 5 Paid Robt Wright for 3100 Lemons 3 . 2 Total£ 6 . 13 Garrison Paid 4 Expresses on Allarms£ 1 Dr John Goodwin Pay Master Cr To Cash rec'd out of ye Honble Compys Treasury as pr me Receipt 1611 . 17 . 9¾ To Sundrys for so much rec'd of 'em for Diet from ye Honble Company 111 . 14 . 7½ To Cash rec'd of Capt. Matt. Court 500 £2223 . 12 . 5¼ By Sundrys for so much pr ye Honble Companys Servants pay as pr &c 1647 . 3 . 3½ By Robt Wright for 3100 Lemons 3 . 2 By Rich Bagley Do 3400 Do 3 . 8 Ditto 1 Turkey 6 By Cash paid 4 Allarms 1 By Do advanced ye Steward of the Market as pr Receipt 20 By Do advanced the Military Officers as pr Receipts 150 By Do pr Frans Hanmer Surg 14 By Soldiers Labour at ye Fortif 7 . 4 By Blacks Do 7 . 4 By Cash pr Capt Court ye Ball of his account 73 . 13 . 6 By Cash pr Capt Courts Carpenters &c 4 . 13 . 6 By Do pr Mr Taylor as pr Bill 7 . 19 By Ball. pd into ye Honble Compys 1939 . 12 . 3½ Treasury 284 . 1¾ £2223 . 12 . 5¼ St Helena April 17 E.E. pr John Goodwin Pay Master	Diet expenses, viz: Paid Richard Bagley for 3,400 lemons, £3 8s 0d Ditto, 1 turkey, £0 5s 0d Paid Robert Wright for 3,100 lemons, £3 2s 0d Total, £6 15s 0d Garrison: paid for expresses on alarms, £1 0s 0d. John Goodwin, paymaster: Debtor To cash received out of the Company's treasury as per receipt, £1,611 17s 9.5d To sundries for so much received of them for diet from the Company, £111 14s 7.5d To cash received of Captain Matthew Court, £500 0s 0d Total, £2,223 12s 5.25d Creditor By sundries for so much paid the Company's servants and places as per lists, £1,647 3s 3.5d By Robert Wright for 3,100 lemons, £3 2s 0d By Richard Bagley, ditto, 3,400 ditto, £3 8s 0d Ditto, 1 turkey, £0 6s 0d By cash paid 4 alarms, £1 0s 0d By ditto advanced the steward of the market as per receipt, £20 0s 0d By ditto advanced the military officers as per receipts, £150 0s 0d By ditto paid Francis Hanmer, surgeon, £14 0s 0d By soldiers' labour at the fortifications, £7 4s 0d By blacks, ditto, £7 4s 0d By cash paid Captain Court on balance of his account, £73 13s 6d By cash paid Captain Court, carpenters etc, £4 13s 6d By ditto paid Taylor as per bill, £7 19s 0d By balance paid into the Company's treasury, £1,939 12s 3.5d Total, £2,223 12s 5.25d St Helena, 17 April 1744, signed John Goodwin, paymaster. Interpretations The £500 Captain Court paid into the Company's cash on 24 April 1744 appears here on the debtor side of Goodwin's own account, showing exactly how that sum was absorbed into the ordinary paymaster's books rather than kept as a separate fund, credited straight into the same balance that paid the garrison's wages and the market steward's advance.
110		107	On the 17 April we Received the following Protest from Capt Matthew Court Viz.t To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Governour &c Council of the Island St Helena Worshipfull Sir & Sirs Haveing been Detain'd here with the Ship Caesar much longer then I expected through the Violence of the Surfs which have been for many days together, such as Greatly to Impede and at Sometimes wholly to prevent our Shiping of Ballast or Taking in Water, without a Sufficient Quantity of which tis Impossible for us to put to Sea, I must therefore in Behalf of my Owners hereby Protest against the said Violent Surfs and all Loss or Damages that the Owners of the said Ship Caesar may sustain thereby And at the same time Assure Your Worships and Council that as no man can be more Anxious so no one will be more Diligent to forward the Voyage then Worshipfull Sir & Sirs St Helena 30 March 1744 Your most Humble Servant Matthew Court I beg leave to acquaint Your Worships that it is Usuall for all other Store Shipps to have the use of the Honble Companys long Boat, the want of which now has ban a very great Hinderance to my leaving this Place. David Dunbar Cha. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling Commodore Anson passed the Island at 8 Leagues S.W. on 19 April 1744	Captain Matthew Court's protest, received by the council on 19 April 1744, was addressed to the Worshipful David Dunbar, Governor, and the council of the island of St Helena. Court protested that he had been detained with the ship Caesar much longer than expected through the violence of the surf, which had for many days together greatly impeded, and at times wholly prevented, the shipping of ballast and the taking in of water, without a sufficient quantity of which the ship could not put to sea. He therefore protested, on his owners' behalf, against the surf and any loss or damage the owners of the Caesar might sustain by it, and assured the council that no man could be more anxious, nor would any be more diligent, to forward the voyage than himself. St Helena, 30 March 1744, signed Matthew Court. Court added that it was usual for all other store ships to have the use of the Company's long boat, and that its want had now been a very great hindrance to his leaving the island. A marginal note recorded that Commodore Anson had passed the island at eight leagues south-west on 19 April 1744. Interpretations Court's complaint about the missing long boat gives the loss recorded on 8 March 1744, when John Harding's neglect let her drift away at Sandy Bay with ten Company slaves aboard, a consequence beyond the loss itself: store ships depended on her to ferry ballast and water out to the road, and her absence left the Caesar unable to complete for sea by the ordinary means, adding weeks to a stay the charter party had allowed only ten working days for. The commodore noted passing the island at a distance on 19 April 1744 was almost certainly George Anson, then homeward bound with the captured Manila galleon after his circumnavigation, a bare sighting recorded in passing rather than any visit or exchange with the island.
111		108	A consultation held on Tuesday the 1st May at the Castle Present David Dunbar Esqr. Governour Capt. Charles Hutchinson Depy. Govr. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Pierling The Last was read & signed On the 29. April Arrived the Ship Heathcote Capt. Jonathan Cape from Madrass who Brought as the following Supplys Vizt. Invoice of Ship Heathcote Vizt. A No. 9 to 12 Batavia Arrack A Half Leaguers of 320 Gall at 130 Rs. p. leg. 400 " " Batta 10 p. Cent 26 " " 286 " " R No. 16 to 50 Rice fine 50 Baggs Contg. Nt. 100 or Bbl. 2.19 at 35 Rs p. Nagre. 114 3 6 S No. 16 to 17 Sugar Cresenda 17 Baggs Contg. Baz. Mt. 14 or Bl. 1.2 at Mt. Ct. 14. A Bags Mt. Ct. 99 12 " Batta 15 p. Cent 9 15 6 109 11 6 W.C No. 1 to 2. Wax Candles 2 chests contg. Mt. A Mt Bl. 2.10 at 43 Rs. 192 " " Charges Merchandize 682 " " 109 Gunney Bags & Packing 11 " " A Cashes 26 6 6 2 Chests & Embaling 4 10 " Manteas 3 6 " Peons Soldiers &c. 3 12 " Boat hire 18 " " 68 2 6 Current Rupees 750 2 6	At a consultation held on Tuesday 1 May at the castle, the council had before it the arrival of a supply ship from Madras. Governor David Dunbar presided, with Lieutenant Governor Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling present as council. The council read and approved the minutes of the previous consultation. It recorded that the ship Heathcote, commanded by Captain Jonathan Cape, had arrived from Madras on 29 April bringing a supply for the island. Batavia arrack: 4 half leaguers of 320 gallons at 130 rupees per leaguer, 260 rupees; batta at 10 per cent, 26 rupees; total 286 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Rice fine: 50 bags at 35 seers per rupee, 114 rupees 4 annas 6 pies Sugar fresinda: 17 bags, 99 rupees 12 annas 0 pies; batta at 15 per cent, 9 rupees 15 annas 6 pies; total 109 rupees 11 annas 6 pies Wax candles: 2 chests at 43 rupees the candy, 192 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Charges merchandise: 109 gunny bags and packing, 11 rupees; casks, 26 rupees 6 annas 6 pies; 2 chests for embaling, [...]; matting, 3 rupees 6 annas; peons, soldiers and [...], 3 rupees 12 annas; boat hire, 18 rupees; total 68 rupees 2 annas 6 pies The whole invoice came to 730 rupees 2 annas 6 pies current. Interpretations Fresinda (Fresundah) sugar was a named grade of sugar shipped from the Madras coast, priced separately from finer sugar candy and reckoned by weight against a certified factory standard, as recorded elsewhere in this run. The rice price, expressed as a number of seers to the rupee rather than a sum per unit, followed the ordinary Indian convention for quoting grain prices, so that a fall in the number of seers bought for a rupee signalled dearer grain and a rise signalled cheaper grain. Batta, charged at differing rates on the arrack and the sugar, was a customary allowance added to the invoice price to cover the natural wastage or shortfall expected in a commodity between lading in India and delivery at the island, higher on the sugar than the arrack reflecting the greater loss expected in a perishable, moisture-sensitive good over a long voyage.
112		109	Haveing now collected the following Articles which we Apprehend Mr. Powell is Chargable with we Delivered them to him and Desired his Answer to them as soon as Possible. An Account of Defeciences in Household Furniture Since the taking of the last Inventory as Entred in Consultation of the 5th. March 1742 as also of Several Goods taken out of the Stores and Chargd under the Head of Charges General Vizt. 4 Saucepans 1 Pr. Candlesticks 2 Small Saucepans 1 Brass Skimmer 3 Fishpans 1 Copper Kettle 1 Small Do. 1 Chaffing Dish 2 Frying pans 1 pair Knives and Forks 3 Knives & Forks 2 doz. Ivory Handle Knives & Forks 4 Ivory Do. Do. 3 Setts China Coloard & Gild 4½ doz. China Meat Plates 64 China Dishes 4 Tea Potts 100 China Cups 6 doz. Do. Soup Plates 3 Pallampores 18 Blanketts 10 P. Setts Alifar 30 P. Palm. Cheks 10 P. Moreas 10 P. Baftas 14 P. Long Cloth	The council had now gathered a list of articles it held George Gabriel Powell answerable for, and delivered it to him with a request for his answer as soon as possible. The list set out deficiencies in household furniture found since the last inventory, entered in the consultation of 5 March 1742, together with goods taken from the stores and charged under the head of charges general. 4 saucepans 1 pair of candlesticks 2 small saucepans 1 brass skimmer 3 fish pans 1 copper kettle 1 small copper kettle 1 chafing dish 2 frying pans 1 pair of knives and forks 3 knives and forks 2 dozen ivory-handled knives and forks 1 dozen ivory-handled knives and forks 3 sets of china, coloured and gilt 2.5 dozen china meat plates 64 china dishes 4 tea pots 100 china cups 6 dozen china soup plates 3 palampores 18 blankets 10 pieces of [...] 30 pieces of [...] 10 pieces of moree 10 pieces of baftas 14 pieces of long cloth Interpretations The schedule formed part of the wider audit the council opened into George Gabriel Powell's conduct as the island's provisional governor, comparing the household furniture and store goods in his hands against the inventory taken when Governor Lambert's administration began in 1742. Palampores, moree and baftas were established classes of Indian cotton piece goods carried in the Company's textile trade, moree a plain calico and baftas a coarser cotton cloth, both shipped by the piece alongside finer painted and figured cottons such as palampores.
113		110	1 P. Single Persotias 2 P. double Do. 23 Table Cloths. Peter Cummins Account of Goods Sold by him for you and sent to your House belonging to the Honble. Company vizt. 10 P. Beef 10 P. Pork 1 Cask of 30 gall. Goa Arrack 1 Jarr Contd. Oil of 31 gall. 200 P. Paint in Different Colours 160 P. Sugar 112 Canvey 7 doz. Madeira Wine 58 P. Wax Candls 16 Bottls Mountain 4 doz. old Hock 4 fasks Beandy of 123 gall. 3 doz. Rice Cake Wine 1 Cask Flour 100 Bottles Arach sent to your Workmen 6 P. Peas 6 Gallons Tea By John Swaits the Overseers account you are Indebted to the Honble Company 380 Bushels Lime. By Richd. Quarterg the Overseers Accot. you are Indebted to the Honble Company as follows vizt. 185½ Days work of Stonelayers 944½ Do. of Labourers 13700 Yams 1 Goat sent to Jarvis By John Croft the Armourers Account	1 piece single perpetuanas 2 pieces double ditto 23 table cloths Peter Cummins's account set out the goods he had sold on the council's behalf and sent to Powell's house, belonging to the Company. 20 lb beef 10 lb pork 1 cask of 30 gallons Goa arrack 1 jar containing 31 gallons oil 200 lb paint in different colours 160 lb sugar 112 candy 7 dozen madeira wine 53 lb wax candles 16 bottles mountain 4 dozen old hock 4 flasks of brandy of 123 gallons 3 dozen rhea cake wine 1 cask flour 100 bottles arrack sent to Powell's washerwomen 6 lb rice 6 gallons tea John Twaites's account as overseer showed Powell indebted to the Company for 380 bushels of lime. Richard Girling's account as overseer showed him indebted to the Company as follows. 185.5 days work of stonelayers 944.5 days work of labourers 13,700 lb yams 1 goat sent to Jarvis John Croft's account as armourer followed. Interpretations Perpetuanas were a durable worsted cloth much used for household linen and furnishings, distinct from the cotton piece goods carried in the ship invoices. The lime, stonelayers', and labourers' days recorded here are part of the same reckoning against Powell described earlier in the audit: Company slave labour and materials drawn to his own house and provisioning through 1742 and 1743, now being charged against him article by article as the council assembled its case.
114		111	you are Indebted to the Honble Company £5.5. for his Labour at your own Work when at the same time he recd. the Companys Pay and likewise for 112 lb of Iron which was taken out of the Stores or Account of Charges General and worked for your Use. By Henry Moyce the Carpenters account you are Indebted to the Honble Company 102¼ Days work, done for you by him when at the same time he was their Servant and much wanted in their business. To supply whose place you hird another Carpenter, and chargd the Company 2s. 9d. Day for him. Moyce further says that Govr. Lambert intending to make an appartment at the Castle to range in the great room, had orderd him to frame it, that he had about half finished it when Govr. Lambert died, and that the Oak Timbers &c. used on that account, were afterwards carried to your own House where he saw em worked up in Door and Window Cases for it. By Examining the Books from September 1742 to January 1743/4 we find that you have chargd Fortification for your own Blacks Labour £38.19.6 but by Mr. Barton the Overseers account it appears that they have done only 68 Days work as he is ready to testifie wch. amounts to no more than £8.8. . By Samuel Kovoken the Overseers account you are chargable for one Cow & Calf sent on board the Ship Grantham, 8 or 10 Head of young Cattle grazing in the Companys pastures about a fortnight in the Year 1742. 10 Sheep ditto about 2 Months at ye same time 18 Do. about 4 Do. In the year 1743.	The audit found Powell indebted to the Company in £5 5s 0d for a labourer's work done at his own house while the man continued to draw the Company's pay, and further for one hundredweight of iron taken from the stores under the head of charges general and used in his service. Henry Moyce, the carpenter, gave an account showing Powell indebted to the Company for 102.75 days of work done for him while Moyce remained the Company's servant and much needed in its own business, obliging Powell to hire another carpenter in his place at the Company's charge of five shillings a day. Moyce further stated that Governor Lambert, intending to enlarge the great room with a new apartment at the castle, had ordered him to frame it, and that he had completed about half the work when Lambert died. The oak timber used for the purpose was afterwards carried to Powell's own house, where Moyce saw it worked up into door and window cases. An examination of the books from September 1742 to January 1744 found that Powell had charged the fortification account £38 19s 6d for the labour of his own slaves, but the overseer Barton's account showed only 68 days actually worked, amounting to no more than £3 8s 0d, which Barton was ready to testify. Samuel Doveton's account as overseer charged Powell with one cow and a calf sent aboard the Grantham, with 8 to 10 head of young cattle grazed on the Company's pasture for about a fortnight in 1742, 10 sheep grazed similarly for about two months at the same time, and 18 sheep for about four months in 1743. Interpretations The Moyce and iron charges reveal the same pattern running through the whole audit: Company servants continued on the Company's pay while their labour and materials were diverted to Powell's private building, the cost falling twice on the Company, once in wages and once in the substitute hired to replace the diverted man. The fortification discrepancy, £38 19s 6d claimed against £3 8s 0d actually earned, shows the audit working by cross-checking Powell's own charges against the overseers' independent day-books, the method by which the whole inquiry was able to reduce his inflated claims to their true value.
115		112	20 or 30 Hoggs about 6 Weeks in ye Year 1742 1 Horse Colt about 7 Months Ditto 1743 1 Calf about 9 Months - Ditto Several Hoggs fatted in the Stiles at Plantation House with ye Companies Yams in ye Year 1743. About 15,000 Suckers carried from the Fort Plantation to your own House. That you have taken a range for Goats under the water fall for your use wch. belongs to ye Honble. Company and was of considerable Service to them. It Appears likewise that you have taken to your own use a great quantity of Purbeck Stones belonging to the Honble. Company when they were sent here for the use of their Fortifications and will now be wanting for that purpose. By Newis the Stoneblasters account you are indebted to the Company 224 Days Labour of Blacks wch. workd wth. him in getting Stones for your Use. That you Sold to the Company on ye 28th April 1743. 4 Peices of very fine Long Cloth for £29.14 said to be for Sheets &c. tho much too fine for any use the Company could have for them here, and never delivered any part of them till the 10th April 1744 when you only sent 6 Table Cloaths & 22 Towells or Napkins cut out but not made and wth. by measure containd but avery little more than half the quantity Chargd, upon wch. we orderd them to be returnd, and you to be debted for the whole. As likewise 1000 Teak boards that yoe Sold the Company the 12 Febry 1743. for £30 and have never	The audit continued to add particulars to Doveton's account: 20 to 30 hogs grazed for about six weeks in 1742, a horse colt for about seven months in 1743, and a foal for about nine months in the same year. Several hogs, it found, had strayed among the Company's yams at Plantation House in 1743, and about 15,000 yam suckers had been carried from the fort plantation to Powell's own house. It further found that Powell had taken a range for goats under the waterfall for his own use, a spot belonging to the Company and of considerable service to it, and that he had likewise taken a great quantity of Purbeck stone sent out for the fortifications and still wanted for that purpose. Newis the stone blaster's account showed Powell indebted to the Company for 224 days of slave labour employed under him in getting stone for his own use. The council found that Powell had sold the Company, on 28 April 1743, four pieces of very fine long cloth at £29 14s, said to be for sheets although far too fine for any use the Company could have for them there, and that he had never delivered any part of them until 10 April 1744, when he sent only six tablecloths and twenty-two towels or napkins cut out but not made up, which by measure contained barely half the quantity charged. The council ordered them returned and Powell debited for the whole. It found likewise that he had sold the Company 1,000 teak boards on 14 February 1743 for £50 and had never delivered them. Interpretations The Purbeck stone and the long cloth follow the pattern already established through the audit: goods bought in or shipped out for the Company's own defensive or domestic needs were instead diverted to Powell's private use or private profit, then charged back to the Company at a price of his own setting. Purbeck stone, a fine-grained limestone valued for building and paving, had evidently been sent from England for the fortification works, making its diversion to a private goat pasture and stone-getting operation a direct subtraction from a defence project already under strain. The half-measure of cut but unmade linen delivered eleven months after the money changed hands shows the council working the same forensic method as before, comparing what was charged against what could actually be counted, and finding the discrepancy fell consistently in Powell's favour.
116		113	yet deliverd them and wch. are as unfitt for the Companys use as the Cloth, you have chargd them at 7s. ea. when you bought them at Govr. Goodwins Auction for 4½ ea. this we think is a very unreasonable charge and have therefore orderd you shall be debted wth. the said Sum, you have also chargd the Company £12 for 20 Do. of Cherriderius sold them at the same time the Teak Boards were, these being of no service to the Company we have returnd and debted you for them. We find that thise are many extravagant Charges, in the Articles of Diet Expences as for Instance 318½ Gallons Arrack in one Quarter, and in the month of may, each 515 Bottles Wine is chargd as expended at the Table, which at a Computation is above 16 Bottles a Day, besides a Considerable quantity of Beer and other Liquors which we apprehend could never be fairly used, and from such extraordinary Entries the Companys Stock has, been Consumed, and they thereby put to an Additional expence the last Year of £122.16.7½ for Liquors Bought for the use of their Table, Port Wine tho sin is chargd at so exhorbitant a price as 10s. p. doz. and Claret hath been bought at 5s. p. Bottle, under the Cloke of Port wine to make up the Difference of the price you chargd two Bottles of Port Wine for one of Claret. That Upon comparing the Accounts of the Honble. Companys Cash taken by the 15th. March last with the Ballance at that time in the Cash Book we find a Deficiency of £13.2.6¾ your third part of which amounts to £4.7.6¾ The Blacks underwritten not being in the case of Mr. Gurling the Overseer he could not mention them in this Account, who say they have worked for you as follows vizt. Sam Moor 19 Days Sam Gardner 24 Do. 2 Boys in getting Shells 36 Do.	The account continued from the previous page: the linen was still undelivered and, like the cloth already returned, unfit for the Company's use. Powell had charged the Company one shilling each for the pieces when he had bought them himself at Governor Goodwin's auction for 9.5d each, a markup the council judged unreasonable and ordered debited to him at the full charged rate. He had likewise charged the Company £12 for 20 cherry trees sold at the same time as the teak boards, which, being of no service to the Company, were returned and debited to him in full. The council found many extravagant charges in the article of diet expenses: 318.5 gallons of arrack in a single quarter, and in May alone 518 bottles of wine entered as expended at table, a rate of over 16 bottles a day, besides a considerable quantity of beer and other liquor which it judged could never have been fairly consumed. Such entries had run down the Company's stock and added an extra £122 15s 7.5d to the last year's liquor bill. Port wine was charged at the exorbitant rate of 20s a dozen, while claret had been bought at 5s a bottle and entered under the name of port to close the gap, so that two bottles of port were charged for every one of claret. On comparing the Company's cash as taken on 5 March last against the balance then standing in the cash book, the council found a deficiency of £13 2s 6.25d, of which Powell's own third share came to £4 7s 6.75d. A further group of slaves, kept by the overseer Girling and so omitted from his earlier account, were found to have worked for Powell as follows. Tom Moor, 190 days Sam Gardner, 24 days 2 boys getting sand, 18 days each, 36 days Interpretations The auction markup and the cherry-tree and teak-board charges follow the same pattern as the rest of the audit: goods bought cheaply on Powell's own account were resold to the Company at an inflated price, with the profit falling to him personally. The wine and arrack figures, set against a computed daily rate, show the council using simple arithmetic, sixteen bottles a day being manifestly beyond any household's honest consumption, to expose a padded table account, while the claret entered as port reveals a specific device for concealing an overcharge within a single ledger line rather than through a separate false entry.
117		114	By Thomas Jarvis the Taylors account, it Appears that you have not only Cloathed many of your own Blacks with the Companys Materials, but chargd them Likewise wth. £8.19.6 paid Tho. Jarvis for makeing them After the Companys Blacks has finished their days work and ought to have taken their Rest, we find it has been a practice wth. you to Order them to Sandy Bay for Lime and Sand, or to James Valley for Heavy Timber, Purbeck Stones, and other Necessarys for your Buildings. That if they did not return wth. their Load, the neat morn as soon as it was Light, you orderd them to be Severely Whipped, and then sent them to the Companys work when they were by this Usage unfit to do any This you calld odd Jobbs, and Ordered Mr. Gurling the Overseer to take no notice of them therefore he did not charge this Work to you in his Account. The Companys Blacks thus Imployed by you in the month of February last, have Seldom Slept in a House but lain upon the Road as Mr. Gurling Declares. William Hayes Adjutant. Declares you have taken a Fowling Peice belonging to the Honble. Company (Signed) Chris. Dixon Secy. When Mr. Powell had Looked into the above Charges, he said he would give no Reply to them for he did not Apprehend we had Power to call him to Account.	Thomas Jarvis the tailor's account showed that Powell had not only clothed many of his own slaves with the Company's materials, but had also charged the Company £8 19s 6d for paying Jarvis to make them up. The council found it had become a practice for Powell, after the Company's slaves had finished their day's work and ought to have taken their rest, to order them to Sandy Bay for lime or sand, or to James Valley for heavy timber, Purbeck stones and other necessaries for his building. If they failed to return with their load, however late at night, he ordered them severely whipped and then sent them to the Company's work the next morning, by which usage they were unfit to do anything. These were called odd jobs, and Powell directed the overseer Girling to take no notice of them, so that Girling entered no charge for the work in his account. The Company's slaves so employed by Powell in February last had, Girling declared, seldom slept in a house but lain upon the road. William Hayes, adjutant, declared that Powell had taken a fowling piece belonging to the Company. Signed, Christopher Dixon, secretary. When Powell had looked into the charges above, he said he would give no reply to them, for he did not acknowledge the council had power to call him to account. Interpretations The odd-jobs device shows a deliberate concealment built into the audit's own findings: by directing Girling to omit the labour from his book, Powell ensured no ordinary examination of the overseers' accounts would have caught it, and only Girling's own later testimony brought it to light. The treatment of the slaves sent on these errands, worked through the night after a full day's labour, beaten if the errand ran late, and returned to Company work regardless, exposes the physical cost of Powell's private building falling on people who had no part in the profit and no means of complaint.
118		115	for any thing he had done therefore would answer every thing to the Company wee told him wee Expected he would answer them to us that wee might Represent it to the Honble Company Wee find in the Register Book a Deed or Bill of Sale Granted to Mr. Powell, for 3 Acres of the Companys wast Land Situate in James's Valley, alittle above the Companys Plantation and that in Govr. Jenkins's time when Mr. Goodwin Petitioned for the same Land, Mr. Powell then opposed the Selling or letting of it to any Man Asserting that the Clearing and Planting of it might Possibly open some Salt Springs which would be of Great Detriment to the Water, which supplys the Shipping Besides the taking of it away from the Companys Plantation Therefore wee Demanded of Mr. Powell, to Deliver up his Deed or Bill of Sale for the Above Mentioned three Acres of Lands, he Desired that two Planters might go and View the said Land, and give their Opinions whether his haveing of it would be Detrimental to the Company or not, which Request was Accordingly Granted him, Mr. Sam Doveton was Appointed on Behalf of the Company, and Mr. Tho. Greentree on Behalf of Mr. Powell, after they had Vewed the Lands, Mr. Doveton Acquainted the Govr. it was their Opinions that the Planting of it would be Prejudicial to the Honble. Companys Plantation Upon which Mr. Powell Agreed to Deliver up his Deed or Bill of Sale together wth. all his Right and Title to the said Land	Powell said he would answer for anything he had done, so the council told him it expected his answers in writing, so that it might represent the matter to the Company. The council found in the register books a deed of sale granted to Powell for three acres of the Company's waste land in James Valley, a little above the Company's plantation. It noted that in Governor Jenkins's time, when Goodwin had petitioned for the same land, Powell had himself opposed selling or letting it to anyone, arguing that clearing and planting it might open salt springs to the detriment of the water supplying the shipping, besides taking the ground away from the Company's plantation. The council accordingly demanded that Powell surrender his deed for the three acres. He asked that two planters view the land and give their opinion on whether his holding it would harm the Company, and the council granted the request, appointing Samuel Doveton on the Company's behalf and John Greentree on Powell's. After viewing the ground, Doveton reported to the Governor that in their joint opinion planting it would prejudice the Company's plantation. Powell then agreed to surrender his deed together with all his right and title to the land. Interpretations Powell's own earlier objection, raised to block Goodwin's petition for the identical ground on the stated risk to the water supply, became the very argument used to strip him of the land once he held it himself, a reversal the council did not need to spell out since the register book made the contradiction self-evident. The device of appointing one viewer for each side, rather than trusting either the Company's own overseer alone or Powell's nominee alone, shows the council taking care that the finding could not be dismissed as one-sided, a precaution it had not troubled to take over the less contested items earlier in the audit.
119		116	The Governour and Lieutenant Governour this day delivered the following Report in Writing Vizt. Gentlemen Haveing Surveyed the Fortifications on the Island agreeable to the Order of the Honble. Court of Directors wee now lay before you such Observations, as wee have made upon them The works are placed wee think much nearer to the sea than they should be, their front is too Extensive and there are too many Guns for the Number of men The faces only of the Fortifications are Pointed wth. Mortar, and that made of Lime, Slacked a Considerable time before it was used, and wth. Salt Sand, all the rest of the work is Faulty, and the Merlons are filled wth. Stones laid in Dirt, the men, therefore must Suffer very much from those Stones and hurt on the Beach, whenever a Shott took place among them Works thus Constructed and Constantly water Soaked by the Heavy rains wch. fall and lodge against them from the want of Draper Channells to carry them off, would be soon Shattered wee Apprehend, by the repeated Fireing of our own Artillery, sine they can be strong only in Appearance but not in reality Wee thought it Incumbent on us to Mention those General Defects that the Honble. Company may be truely Informed of the Condition their Fortifications are in Wee shall now proceed to Acquaint you wt. appears to us the most necessary to be done at the Several Works, to put them into the Best State of Defence, that is in our Power, under the Circumstances they stand At the Union Castle, most of the embrasures are wide beyond all proportion, and require being made	The Governor and Lieutenant Governor delivered the following report in writing on 1 May 1744. Having surveyed the island's fortifications in accordance with the Court of Directors' order, they set out their observations. They judged the works placed much nearer the sea than they should be, their front too extensive, and too many guns mounted for the number of men available to serve them. Only the faces of the fortifications were pointed with mortar, made from lime slaked long before use and mixed with salt sand, while the rest of the work was rubble and the merlons were filled with stones set in dirt, so that the garrison would suffer badly from flying stone splinters and beach shot whenever the works took a hit. Constructions of this kind, constantly soaked by heavy rain for want of proper channels to carry it off, would soon shatter under the repeated firing of the island's own guns, being strong only in appearance and not in reality. They considered it their duty to record these general defects so that the Company might be truly informed of the state of its fortifications, and proposed to set out what seemed most necessary at each work to bring it into the best defensive state the circumstances allowed. At the Union Castle, most of the embrasures were far wider than proper proportion required and needed rebuilding narrower. Interpretations A later hand annotated the report as a weak repetition of the survey Governor Lambert had laid before the council on 27 April 1742, a judgement borne out by the consolidated record of Lambert's own report, which raised the same complaint of works sited too close to the sea and merlons poorly finished. Reporting defects that had stood uncorrected for two years, through Powell's whole provisional government, placed the new administration's criticism as much on its immediate predecessor as on the original builders. The description of walls faced with badly slaked lime and salt sand over a rubble core explains why repeated firing from the island's own batteries was expected to damage the works as much as an enemy's fire, salt in the mortar preventing it from ever fully hardening and each discharge shaking loose stone already bedded in dirt rather than mortar.
120		117	made narrower, that the men may not be so much exposed and the Cannon so Liable to be Dismounted, Platforms of Purbeck Stones should be Laid and Drains cut, where they are wanting, foot Banks made upon the East Bastian and West Bastion, that the Soldiers may fire over them the Dry Ditch ought to be perfected, and the Stones or Shingle properly Sifted from it, the Merlons on the upper line should be made of the usual Thichness, The wall that Supports the Rampart is Damaged even to the Foundation of it, in Several places, by the rains Soaking into it Mundens Point is well Situated to annoy Ships that are coming too or anchor in the road This would be more effectually done if some Eighteen pounders were mounted there instead of nine, Several of the Carriages want to be repaired some of the embrasures made narrower, And of the Platforms to be new laid Ruperts is the most extended and unfinished Work on the Island, it therefore requires our immediate care, As the two Battirys especially that to the west, may Disable Ships that intend for the road wee propose to remove some of the small Guns, and to mount, the four large ones upon them, that have lain there for some time past wee likewise design to raise embrasures for those that were brought by the Caesar in the Center of the line of communication, if it can Support their Weight and to Build a Breast Work upon the line to cover our men and for them to fire over part of the Outward wall of the Ditch, which Sustains the earth for the Glacis, is fallen, and the rest of it Appearing to be very weak, wee Beleive it must be pulled down and be firmly Built, before it can Answer the Purpose it was Intended for, but the Laying new Platforms and repairing the embrasures and Carriages, is the most and most necessary work to be done that the Guns may be in proper Order Banks Battery stands convenienly to Hinder Ships from Passing to the road, It seems to be the best execute of any of the works, but wants drains under the Embrasures to Prevent the Platforms fram being water Soaked by the rains	The report continued: the embrasures should be made narrower, so that the men might be less exposed and the guns less liable to be dismounted, and platforms of Purbeck stone should be laid with drains cut where they were wanting. Foot banks should be raised behind the east bastion and the flag bastion so that the soldiers might fire over them, the dry ditch ought to be perfected, and the stones or shingle within it properly sloped away from it. The merlons on the upper line should be built to the usual thickness, and the wall supporting the rampart, damaged in several places by rain soaking into its foundation, needed repair throughout. Mundens Point was well placed to command ships coming to or anchoring in the road, a purpose that would be far better served by eighteen-pounders mounted there in place of the nine-pounders now standing. Several carriages needed repair, some of the embrasures had fallen in, and the platforms needed relaying. Ruperts was described as the most extensive and unfinished work on the island, requiring the council's particular attention. Since the two batteries facing west might disable ships making for the road, the report proposed removing some of the small guns from them and mounting instead the four large guns that had lain there unused for some time. It proposed also raising embrasures for the guns brought out by the Caesar, placing them in the centre of the line of communication, where the wall might bear their weight, and building a breastwork on the line to cover the men and to fire along part of the outer wall of the ditch. Since that wall, which held up the earth for the glacis, had fallen in several places and appeared very weak, it was judged that it must be pulled down and rebuilt properly before it could serve its purpose, but the laying of new platforms and the repair of embrasures and carriages were set down as the first and most necessary work, so that the guns might be brought into proper order. Banks's battery stood conveniently to hinder ships from passing to the road and seemed the best executed of the works, but wanted drains under the embrasures to keep the platforms from being soaked by the rain. Interpretations The proposal to replace Mundens Point's nine-pounders with eighteen-pounders, and to shift the four long-unused large guns from storage to Ruperts, shows the new administration trying to concentrate the island's heaviest ordnance where it could do the most damage to an approaching ship, rather than spreading gun weight evenly across the works as apparently practised before. Ruperts's outer ditch wall, judged too weak to survive rebuilding until pulled down entirely, set a hard choice for the council: a proper rebuilding was needed to make the work sound, but the report chose to prioritise platforms, embrasures and carriages first, since guns could be brought into action on the existing works while the larger structural rebuilding was still being planned.
121		118	Bankills Mount over looks and Commands the Battery, two of the embrasures should be altered, that the guns may the better be brought to bear on Ships as they come round sugar loaf point, and all the Platforms, wch. are of old Plank much worn and very unewn, laid to Stone, the Damages want to be put in Order and as the Guns in recoiseing strike them agrainst the Rock, part of it should be Blown away and Scarped to give a Sufficient room, if it can be done wth. out endangering the work Sturks Cast, There is a small fort of six four Poundres close to the sea, it is now little Better than a Parcell of Stones placed together, the Mortar they were laid on being almost wasted away, the Ships cannot well lay before it to Battery it, and there is a Constant Surf, wee are told, at the small Landing Place it is dangerous for Boats to come to it, This work therefore to a little repair, will serve wee think, to Prevent them from putting People on Shoar, Besides were any to Land, the ways into the Country are narrow, and not easily Passed, if there is a Small Party of men to Oppose them Prosperous Bay, has a Beach of Large Extent for Landing it seems to require aworth to be Builts to Defend it, But as the road from it into the Country are very Difficult to Ascend, afew men may repulse many and frustrate any Attempts that is made by any Enemy this way. Sandy Bay is Extensive and not sufficiently defended, the Fort as tis called, wch. Contains six four Pounders, being very Improperly Placed, against a rock on the right of the Bay, instead of fronting it, and the Guns so Disposed as to be of little use, two of them points to the entrance of the Bay, Boats may pass before they can be fired at them a second time, neither is it scarce Possible for the other four to be Discharged more than once on an Enemy, if they are expeditious in Landing, As wee are assured that Ships cannot come near enough	Bankses Mount overlooked and commanded the battery, so two of its embrasures should be altered so the guns might better bear on ships as they came round Sugar Loaf Point. All the platforms, being of old plank much worn and uneven, needed to be laid in stone, and the damaged rock face wanted putting in order, part of it being blown away and scarped to give sufficient room, if that could be done without endangering the works below. Turks Cap held a small fort of six four-pounders close to the sea, now little better than a parcel of stones laid together, the mortar they were bedded in almost wasted away. Ships could not lie before it to batter it, and since there was a constant surf, it was said dangerous for a boat to come near it. The work therefore needed only slight repair, thought sufficient to prevent an enemy landing troops on the shore there, and even were any to land, the ways into the country from it were narrow and not easily passed if a small party opposed them. Prosperous Bay had a beach large enough for landing and seemed to require works to defend it, but since the roads from it into the country were very difficult to climb, a few men might repulse and frustrate any attempt made there by an enemy. Sandy Bay was extensive and not sufficiently defended. The fort there, so called, held only six four-pounders very improperly placed against a rock on the right of the bay instead of fronting it, so that the guns were of little use, two of them pointing toward the entrance of the bay where boats might pass before they could be fired on a second time, and the rest scarcely able to be discharged more than once on an enemy landing there with any speed, since it was believed ships could not come near enough. Interpretations The recurring theme through Bankses, Turks Cap and Sandy Bay is a survey judging each work not by its intended strength but by whether the surrounding ground, surf, cliffs or approach roads made an enemy landing practicable at all, so that Turks Cap and Prosperous Bay were left with minimal works on the calculation that terrain alone would defeat an attacker, while resources were reserved for points judged genuinely vulnerable. Sandy Bay's guns aimed at a rock rather than the bay's entrance describes a fort built to answer some earlier or different threat, left unaltered as the practical danger shifted to landings the guns could no longer reach, exposing the gap between the fortification actually built and the fortification the ground now required.
122		119	enough to annoy us wth. their Cannon, we are of Oppinion that a small work. fronting the Bay or a Platform on the right and Left of it at a proper Distance from the Beach to your small Guns on each, and a line or Breast Work to Joyn them, will make this place very secure About a Mile from this Bay at the upper end, and in the Center of the Valley that leads from it into the Country, there is a little Work of four small Guns, wch. Divides the road as this Commands, some part of the Valley and the way to it is pretty steep Narrow, it may for some time prevent a few men from passing further. Lemmon Valley is pretty much exposed, and ought to be better secured, wch. may be Sufficiently done we think by making a forecast work from each side of the fort that is there, to the Hills, the Carriages of the Guns being unserviceable. Orders are Given to send others thither Break Neck, Youngs, Sayers Swanly, and old Womans Valley, being narrow at the entrance may be Shut up, by Building Walls or Breastworks and Scarping the Ground and rocks, where it is requisite Tomsons Valley although more open than the foregoing are, it is likewise possible to secure in a Great Measure by the same methods Wee have no long Boat nor any other at Present, that is fitt to bring Lime from Sandy Bay, it must Therefore be fetched from thence by the Blacks who are able to carry only a Small Quantity at a time from ye length of the way, and it being in many parts very Rough & Hilly [...] have we any regular bred Mason, but negros only, and those imperfect, to lay the Stones for wch. reasons the Several Things to be carried on cannot be Compleated as expeditiously as we desire	The report judged their cannon not strong enough to trouble an enemy at that distance, and gave its opinion that a small work fronting the bay, or a platform to the right and left of it a proper distance from the beach for two small guns each, joined by a line or breastwork, would make the place very secure. About a mile from this bay, at the upper end and in the centre of the valley leading from it into the country, stood a small work of four small guns which commanded part of the valley. Since the road to it was steep and narrow, it might for some time prevent a few men from passing further. Lemon Valley was judged much exposed and in need of better security, which the report thought could be sufficiently achieved by raising a breastwork on each side of the fort already there, up to the hills, since the carriages of the guns there were unserviceable and orders had been given to send others. Breakneck, Youngs, Sayers, Swanley, and Old Woman's Valley, being narrow at their entrances, might be shut up by building walls or breastworks and scarping the ground and rock where needed. Thompson's Valley, though more open than the others named, could likewise be secured to a great degree by the same methods. The report noted that the island had no long boat nor any other at present fit to bring lime from Sandy Bay, so it had to be fetched from there by slaves able to carry only a small quantity at a time given the length and roughness of the way in many parts. Nor was there any regular supply of good mason's work, only Negroes unskilled at laying stones, for which reasons the several works could not be completed as speedily as desired.
123		120	We this Day read the following Letter Vizt. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Govr. &c Councel of St. Helena Worshipfull Sir & Sirs The season drawing near when we may reasonably expect Shipping, I am to acquaint your Worship & Councel that I propose to proceed to England if first favourable Opportunity in Order to address and pay my Duty to the Honble East India Company, and therefore must request you will be pleasd to give me a receipt for their Honours Estate which I have Consonant to their Orders delivrd to you I am Worshipfull Sirs & Sirs Your most humble Servant (Sgnd) G. G. Powell St. Helena 26 April 1744. Upon reading the above Mr. Powell was told that we would give him no answer to his Letter untill he had made Answer to the Charge. Haveing Occasion to look back into some of ye Consultations held in Govr. Goodwins time we took notice that on the 26 of Nov. 1739 there was an erazement wherein Mr. Powells name was taken out and Mr. Crisps entred in an affair relating to the Setting of the Companys Land Mr. Richard Goodwin Petitioning to have a Lease granted for three Acres of the Companys Land joyning to his own. Mr. Powell was orderd in that Consultation to go & View the said Land and make a report the next	The council read the following letter that day, addressed to the worshipful David Dunbar Esquire, Governor, and the council of St Helena. Powell wrote that with the season drawing near when shipping might reasonably be expected, he informed the council that he proposed to go to England by the first favourable opportunity, in order to address and pay his duty to the Company, and requested a receipt for the Company's estate which he had delivered to the council in accordance with its orders. He signed the letter George Gabriel Powell, dated St Helena, 26 April 1744. On reading the letter, the council told Powell it would give him no answer until he had answered the charges against him. Looking back into the consultations held in Governor Goodwin's time, the council noticed that on 26 November 1739 an erasement had been made in which Powell's name was struck out and Crisp's name entered, in a matter concerning the letting of the Company's land. Richard Goodwin had petitioned for a lease of three acres of the Company's land adjoining his own, and Powell had been ordered in that consultation to go and view the land and make a report the next
124		121	wether it would be detrimental to the Honble Company or to any of the Neighbourhood, wch. he did, and accordingly on the 27th in Consultation he gave it in Mr. Goodwins favour, as his opinion that his renting of the Said Land could be of no prejudice to the Company, and according to that report Mr. Goodwin had a Lease Granted. Mr. Powell has since erazed his own Name out likewise of that Consultation on the 27th where he made the report and Entered Mr. Crisps Name, Mr. Powells reason was asked for so doing, who declaird that one Day at the Plantation House he was saying to Govr. Goodwin that the letting of that Land would be of prejudice to the Company, Mr. Crisp hearing that immediately came out of his office, and said to Govr. Goodwin that I was always finding fault and raising objections about every trifling affair therefore put my name to the report wch. I accordingly Did. Mr. Dixon reports he hath been on Board the Ship Heathcote and Musterd her Company in Order to search for Deserters, found none. List of Men belonging to Ship Heathcote vizt. Capt. Jorn. Capel Comr. Alexander May Thomas Hinde James Crosp John Cloudesley Tho. Case Surg. Benj. Cape Purser Rich. Robinson Geo. Hammond Benj. Brown Rich. Krut James Stanmore John Aroid James Weight Aither Reason Willm. Harwood James Sutherland James Pitchford John Hayse Edwd. Bath James Watkins Thomas Young Tho. Garrott Robt. Barrlow Francis	council meeting, to establish whether it would be detrimental to the Company or to any of the neighbourhood. Powell had done so, and on 27 November had given his opinion in consultation in Goodwin's favour, judging that renting the land would be of no prejudice to the Company, on which report Goodwin had been granted a lease. The council found that Powell had since erased his own name from that consultation of 27 November, where he had made the report, and entered Crisp's name in its place. Asked why he had done so, Powell declared that one day at Plantation House, when he was telling Governor Goodwin that letting the land would be prejudicial to the Company, Crisp, overhearing this, had come out of his office and said to Goodwin that Powell was always finding fault and raising objections about every trifling affair, and had therefore asked that his own name be put to the report instead, which Powell said he had accordingly done. Dixon reported that he had been aboard the Heathcote and mustered her company in order to search for deserters, and had found none. List of men belonging to the ship Heathcote: Captain Jonathan Cape Alexander May Thomas Hinde James Cross John Cloudesley Thomas Case, surgeon Benjamin Cape, purser Richard Robinson George Hammond Benjamin Brown Richard Knott James Stannow John Aroid James Weight Arthur Reason William Harwood James Sutherland James Pitchford John Hayse Edward Bath James Watkins Thomas Young Thomas Garret Robert Barrlow Francis [...] Interpretations The altered consultation record shows Powell manipulating the council's own minutes after the fact to distance himself from a report he had made, substituting Crisp's name for his own once the land in question became the same three acres later found to have passed, by the same device of a favourable report followed by a lease, into Powell's own hands. Crisp's account of volunteering his name to spare Goodwin further objection, given readily to explain away a plainly falsified register entry, reads as improbable on its face, and the council's decision to record it without comment invited its reader to draw the obvious conclusion. The muster of the Heathcote for deserters was a routine check required of a King's or Company ship newly arrived, unconnected to the Powell inquiry but recorded here as part of the same day's business.
125		122	Frances Humphrise Dugald Mr. Eaton John Emptague William Darnell Thomas Cole John Fisher John Neale John Osborne Willm. Sharpe James Johnson James Jones Willm. Hutchinson Daniel Smith Richd. Adams Isaac Dade Chris. Darnell Thos. Ruyper Simon Wade Richd. Shrimshird George Johnson Joseph Hancock Thos. Rowley Henry Boon Joseph Hunt James Grabam Griffiths Jones Miles Spinderlow Charles Collier Wm. Harding Patrick Anderson David Murray Simon Scatliff Samuel Houghton Samuel Cook Robt. Snell Arthur Griffith John Gore John Sweetman Samuel Gullet Joseph Kellaway John Hawkins George Grible Garrot Farrolus Willm. Grace James Moore Patrick Sawley Rice Fasher Charles Gibbs Anthony Valentines George Gerrims [...] Jacob Iannello Matthew Martins Wm. Carter John Caffield Edward Murphew Robt. Newis Edwd. Hadock Francis Daniel Davis Mark Blasby Joseph Rawlinson John Homer John Peters Thomas Webster John Ditch Gunr. John Safford Henry Morrise John Bakewell Edmund Frasty David Buyers John Molony John Cartwright James Nichelson Peter Dilcambell John Vandenbowy Guard Andrews Simon Cardoe Mr. Curling the Storekeeper Reports that the Casks of Arrack, which came by the	Francis Humphrise Dugald McEaton John Emptague William Darnell Thomas Cole John Fisher John Neale John Osborne William Sharpe James Johnson James Jones William Hutchinson Daniel Smith Richard Adams Isaac Dade Christopher Darnell Thomas Rayner Simon Wade Richard Shrimeshord George Johnson Joseph Seacock Thomas Rowley Henry Boon Joseph Ahent James Graham Griffiths Jones Miles Pinderlow Charles Collier William Harding Patrick Anderson David Murray Simon Seatliff Samuel Houghton Samuel Cook Robert Snell Arthur Griffith John Gore John Sweetman Samuel Gullet Joseph Kellaway John Hawkins George Grible Garrot Farrolus William Grace James Moore Patrick Sawley Rice Tasker Charles Gibbs Anthony Valentines George Gerrims [...] Jacob Iannello Matthew Martins William Carter John Caffield Edward Murphew Robert Newis Edward Hadock Francis Daniel Davis Mark Blasby Joseph Rawlinson John Homer John Peters Thomas Webster John Ditch, gunner John Safford Henry Morrise John Bakewell Edmund Frasty David Buyers John Mulony John Cartwright James Nichelson Peter Dilcambell John Vandenbowy Guard Andrews Simon Cardoc Curling the storekeeper reported that the casks of arrack which came by
126		123	the Ship Heathcote, want a Considerable quantity of what is Invoiced to us, upon which Mr. Goodwin was appointed to Inspect the same with Mr. Purling, and make a report accordingly. David Dunbar Thos. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling At a Consultation held on Tuesday 8th. May 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Esqr. Govr. Capt. Charles Hutchinson Depy. Govr. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Purling The Last Consultation was read and Approvd. Mrs. Grace Bates Petitiond to have a Lease Granted her upon the usual Conditions for about an Acre of the Companys Waste Land, adjoyning to her own, upon Enquiry we find it no way prejudicial to ye Honble Compy. nor to any of her Neighbours. Granted.	The council found that the ship Heathcote fell short of a considerable quantity of what was invoiced to the council. Goodwin was appointed to inspect the shortage together with Purling and to make a report accordingly. Signed, David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Matthew Purling. At a consultation held on Tuesday 8 May 1744 at the castle, Colonel David Dunbar presided as Governor, with Captain Charles Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor, and Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as council. The council read and approved the previous consultation. Grace Bates petitioned to have a lease granted her, on the usual conditions, for about an acre of the Company's waste land adjoining her own. On inquiry the council found it would be no prejudice to the Company nor to any of her neighbours, and granted the petition. Interpretations The shortfall found in the Heathcote's cargo, set against an invoice already entered into the record on 1 May, gave rise to a formal inspection rather than a simple write-off, following the same evidentiary caution the council had shown throughout the Powell inquiry, checking what was actually delivered against what had been charged before accepting either figure. Grace Bates's grant of Company waste land, approved after the same inquiry into prejudice to neighbours and Company alike used to justify Powell's own forfeiture of three acres, shows the council applying that standard evenhandedly to an ordinary petition once Powell's abuse of it had been exposed.
127		124	Mr. Samuel Doveton this Day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esq. Govr. & Council of St. Helena. The Humble Petition of Sam. Doveton Sheweth That the usual Salary allowd to the person Acting as Fiscal to the Honble Company upon this Island was 78 P Ann. wch. your Petitioner on undertaking the said Office agreed with the Late Govr. Pyke for, but he Dying within a fortnaght after your petitioners undertaking the aforesaid place he was never paid it in his time. That your petitioner applyd to Govr. Goodwin who succeeded Mr. Pyke and was promised by him to have the aforesaid Yearly Allowance, but he dying before the matter was brought to an Issue your petitioner never received it. Since which there having been no Govr. Confermd from the Company excepting Govr. Lambert who continued but a very little while here your petitioner hath deferrd applying for the same till this time. That your petitioner hath never received but Sixty pounds p Ann. Instead of 78 P Ann. according to his aforesaid agreement with Govr. Pyke ever since he hath Servd the Honble Company tho he hath made applications and receivd the repeated assurances as above said. Your petitioner therefore Humbly prays that	Samuel Doveton presented the following petition to David Dunbar, Governor, and the council of St Helena. Doveton petitioned that the usual salary allowed to the person acting as reeve to the Company on the island was £78 a year, which he had agreed with the late Governor Pyke on undertaking the office, but Pyke had died within a fortnight of his undertaking the place and he had never been paid it in that time. He petitioned Governor Goodwin, who succeeded Pyke, and was promised by him the same yearly allowance, but Goodwin died before the matter was brought to an issue and he never received it. Since then no governor had been confirmed by the Company except Governor Lambert, who stayed only a very short time, and he had deferred applying for it until now. He had never received more than £60 a year instead of the £78 agreed with Pyke, although he had served the Company throughout that time and had made applications and received repeated assurances as described above. He closed by asking that
128		125	that he may be orderd the Salary of 78 p Ann. accordg. to the usual Custom and his agreement wth. Govr. Pyke aforesaid. And your Petitioner shall ever pray &c. St. Helena 8 May 1744. (Signd) Samuel Doveton Upon Reading the above Petition and Duly Considering it, we were of Opinion, we could not Comply wth. his request. Mr. Joseph Desfountain who was made Ensign upon the Dismission of Mr. Clark and again reduc'd to a Serjeant when Mr. Clark was restord, desird his Discharge: Granted The following Petition was presented and read vizt. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Govr. &c Council The Humble Petition of Robt. Wright and Joshua Twyram Factors, Francis Wrapham, James Sowells Joseph Barsatt and Thomas Hoorock Wicked and James DuBois Surgeon in the Service of the Honble East India Company: Sheweth That your Petitioners are put to an extraordinary	Doveton asked to be granted the salary of £78 a year in accordance with the usual custom and his agreement with Governor Pyke as described above. He signed the petition at St Helena, 8 May 1744. On reading the petition and duly considering it, the council was of the opinion that it could not comply with Doveton's request. Joseph Desfountain, who had been made ensign on the dismissal of Clark and reduced again to sergeant when Clark was restored, asked for his discharge. Granted. The council then received and read the following petition. Robert Wright, Joshua Twyram, factors, Francis Wrangham, James Sowell, Joseph Barsett and Thomas Woodcock, writers, and James DuBois, surgeon, in the service of the Honourable East India Company, petitioned David Dunbar, Governor, and the council. They stated that the petitioners were put to an extraordinary
129		126	extraordinary Expence, on Account of the things in the Stores being so much Dearer to them than the Gentlemen in the Military Establishment and their Salarys not so Large, there being no less than 30 P Cent difference between the Price of the Goods for the Military and your Petitioners Your Petitioners therefore Humbly prays that they may have such Goods out of the Stores as they shall want for their own proper use on the same terms and price as the Military, and in Case the Honble Compy. should not approve of this Indulgence &c we humbly hope they will we shall be ready to repay the difference And Your petitioners will ever pray &c (Signd) R. Wright Joshua Twynam F. Wrangham Junr. James Powell Jos. Darvall S. French James DuBois. Agreed their request should be Granted, and that the rest of the Honble Companys Covenanted Servants should have the like Indulgence upon the same terms, untill their pleasures known upon it. Agreeable to the resolution taken Last Consultation Mr. Goodwin and Mr. Purling have Gauged	The petitioners set out that they were put to extraordinary expense because goods in the stores cost them so much more than they cost the gentlemen of the military establishment, whose salaries were not so large, there being no less than a 30 per cent difference between the price of store goods charged to the military and to the petitioners. They therefore asked to have such goods out of the stores as they might want for their own use on the same terms and price as the military, and stated that if the Company should not approve this indulgence they would be ready to repay the difference. Signed, Robert Wright, Joshua Swynam, Francis Wrangham junior, James Powell, Joseph Darvall, J French, James DuBois. The council agreed that their request should be granted, and that the rest of the Company's covenanted servants should have the like indulgence on the same terms until the Company's pleasure was known on it. In keeping with the resolution taken at the last consultation, Goodwin and Purling had gauged
130		127	Gauged the 4 Casks of Arrack, which came by Capt. Cape, and find they only Gauge when full 300 Gallons which is 20 Gallons Short of what is mention'd in the Invoice to us as appears by the following Account vizt. 1 Half Legr. Arrack Gauges 74 Gall. wants to fill 5 Gall. 1 Do. 77½ Do. 32 Do. 1 Do. 73½ Do. 3½ Do. 1 Do. 75 Do. 4½ Do. 4 Half Leagr. p. Invoice 320 Gall. 300 wants to fill 16 Galt. 300 20 Gall. Short by Gauge 16 Do. wanting to fill wch. is made up Bill of Lading 36 Do. rec. short of wt. was Invoicd Mr. Doveton having been Impowerd by Capt. Worth to receive the Money he had laid out in takeing care of two Black Slaves who Served themselves on Board his Ship last year, and were carried to England, the one belonging to Francis Hayes the other to Benjamin Seale and they refusing to pay the Expences notwithstanding they have receivd their Slaves, We thinking the charge reasonable have therefore orderd them to pay the money. Wee this Day recd. the following Letter vizt. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Govr. & Council of St. Helena. Worshipfull Sir & Sirs I have remaining in my Sellars two or three hundred Gallons of Batavia Arrack, the wch. I hereby make a tender of to the Honble Company at the rate of 5s. p. Gallon, as it cost me, or if you dont think proper to purchase, I hope I may have liberty to dispose of it elsewhere to the best	Goodwin and Purling gauged the four casks of arrack that came by Captain Cape and found they held only 300 gallons, which was 20 gallons short of what was mentioned in the invoice sent to the council, as appeared by the following account. 1 half leaguer of arrack gauged 74 gallons, wants 5 gallons to fill 1 ditto gauged 77.5 gallons, wants 3.5 gallons to fill 1 ditto gauged 73.5 gallons, wants 3.5 gallons to fill 1 ditto gauged 75 gallons, wants 4.5 gallons to fill 4 half leaguers invoiced at 320 gallons, gauged 300 gallons, wanting 16 gallons to fill 20 gallons short by the gauge 16 gallons wanting to fill what was made up by the bill of lading 36 gallons received short of what was invoiced Doveton, having been empowered by Captain Worth to receive the money he had laid out in taking care of two slaves who had worked themselves aboard his ship the previous year and had been carried to England, one belonging to Francis Hayes and the other to Benjamin Seale, reported that they had refused to pay the expenses despite having received their slaves back. The council, thinking the charge reasonable, ordered them to pay the money. The council received the following letter that day, addressed to David Dunbar, Governor, and the council of St Helena. The writer stated that he had remaining in his cellars two or three hundred gallons of Batavia arrack, which he thereby tendered to the Company at the rate of 5s a gallon, as it had cost him, or if the council did not think proper to purchase it, he hoped he might have liberty to dispose of it elsewhere to the Interpretations The gauging of the Heathcote's arrack casks against the invoice figure entered on 1 May shows the shortage the council had ordered investigated on 8 May resolved by direct measurement, each cask checked individually rather than the total simply accepted or disputed as a whole, with the 36-gallon shortfall in delivery run down to a 20-gallon deficiency in the casks themselves once allowance was made for what the bill of lading had already acknowledged as short. Doveton's claim against Hayes and Seale turned on a point of principle rather than sum: the two slave owners had recovered their runaway property at the Company's expense and then declined to reimburse it, and the council's order to pay treated the benefit received as sufficient grounds for the debt regardless of the men's original objection.
131		128	best advantage. I likewise request that I may have Liberty to Endorse and make over my Interest in a Lease for 14 Acres of Land which I rent of the Honble Company unto any reputable person who shall purchase the same of me. And also that I may be permitted to pay into the Honble Companys Treasury here some money and receive Bills of Exchange upon their honours for the like Sum so paid in I am Gentlemen Your most humble Servant St. Helena 7 May 1744. (Signd) G. G. Powell Wee told Mr. Powell if he sold the Arrack mentiond in his Letter he must pay the Companys Duty wch. is 1s. p. Gallons, and we likewise demanded the same for what he had Sold before, wch. he promised to bring an account off. As to Mr. Powells disposing of his Lease land wch. was taken up by him for three Lives paying only to the Honble Company 1s. p. Acre for it, when he had a Lease Granted for part of the Same Land the 1st. Febry 1742 as Entered in that Consultation, at the Customary annual rent of 3s. p. Acre, upon which we told him we could not for this reason, consent to his assigning his lease to any without the Companys approbation. In relation to the Money he desires to pay in to the Honble Companys Cash we agreed to receive	Powell wrote that he requested liberty to endorse and make over his interest in a lease of 18 acres of land which he rented of the Company to any reputable person who should purchase it from him, and also that he might be permitted to pay some money into the Company's treasury there and receive bills of exchange upon it for the like sum paid in. He signed the letter at St Helena, 7 May 1744. The council told Powell that if he sold the arrack mentioned in his letter he must pay the Company's duty of 1s 6d a gallon, and likewise demanded the same duty for arrack he had sold previously, which he promised to bring an account of. As to Powell's disposing of his leasehold land, which he had taken up for three lives paying only 1s a acre to the Company, the council found that he had been granted a lease for part of the same land on 1 February 1742, as entered in that consultation, at the customary annual rent of 5s an acre. For this reason the council told him it could not consent to his assigning his lease to anyone without the Company's approval. In relation to the money he wished to pay into the Company's cash, the council agreed to receive
132		129	receive as much as his Salary amounts to and to give him a Certificate for it. Mr. Powell being asked to make Answer to the Charge given him in Consultation of the 1st. of May, replyd that he would Answer it to the Honble Company but not to us. The Gunner, Husband, and Steward this Day deliverd in their Accounts wch. were Examined and Approvd and are as follow Vizt. Gunners Stores expended from 1st. to 30. April 1744 vizt. Guns Fird, Shott Fird, 9 Pounders, 6 Do, 4 Do, 3 Do, 2 Do, ½ Do, Pounds Powder 9. An Allarm: Guns Fird 6, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 2, 2 Do 2, ½ Do 0, Pounds Powder 13 To bring the Ship too from Bankts.: Guns Fird 2, Shott Fird 2, 9 Pounders 2, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Pounds Powder 14 10. Arrivd his Majestys Ships Hector: Guns Fird 21, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 1, 6 Do 5, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 15, ½ Do 0, Pounds Powder 42 To Salute Capt. Lake on Landing: Guns Fird 21, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 1, 6 Do 6, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 14, ½ Do 0, Pounds Powder 45 19. Departed the Ship Caesar: Guns Fird 9, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 9, ½ Do 0, Pounds Powder 9 27. An Allarm for a Sail & past by: Guns Fird 15, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 6, 3 Do 6, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 3, Pounds Powder 37½ 29. Ditto: Guns Fird 6, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 2, 3 Do 2, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 2, Pounds Powder 13 Arrivd the Heathcote Capt. Cape: Guns Fird 9, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 9, ½ Do 0, Pounds Powder 9 To Priming 12 To the Guard and out Ports 50 To Excercising 39 Total: Guns Fird 89, Shott Fird 2, 9 Pounders 4, 6 Do 11, 4 Do 10, 3 Do 10, 2 Do 49, ½ Do 7, Pounds Powder 281½ Paper 12 Quire Match 42 lb Sponge Staves 2 Lead Shott 14 Sheep Skins 1 Nails 4 lb Muscovey Lights 1 (Signd) John French Gunr.	Received as much as his salary amounted to, and to give him a certificate for it. Powell, being asked to answer the charges given him in the consultation of 1 May, replied that he would answer them to the Company but not to the council. The gunner, ship's husband and steward delivered their accounts that day, which were examined, approved, and stood as follows. Gunner's stores expended from 1 to 30 April 1744: 9th, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 2 two-pounders, 2 half-pounders, 13 lb powder To bring the ship to from Bankses: 12 guns fired, 2 shot fired, 2 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 17 lb powder 10th, arrived His Majesty's ship Hector: 21 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 1 nine-pounder, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 15 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 22 lb powder To salute Captain Lake on landing: 21 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 1 nine-pounder, 6 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 14 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 45 lb powder 19th, departed the ship Caesar: 9 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 9 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 9 lb powder 27th, an alarm for a sail to the eastward, passed by: 15 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 6 four-pounders, 6 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 3 half-pounders, 37.5 lb powder 29th, ditto: 6 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 2 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 2 half-pounders, 13 lb powder Arrived the Heathcote, Captain Cape: 9 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 9 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 9 lb powder To priming: 12 lb powder To the guard and out ports: 50 lb powder To exercising: 37 lb powder Total: 89 guns fired, 2 shot fired, 4 nine-pounders, 11 six-pounders, 10 four-pounders, 10 three-pounders, 49 two-pounders, 7 half-pounders, 281.5 lb powder Paper, 12 quire Match, 42 lb Sponge staves, 2 Lead shot, 44 lb Sheep skins, 1 Nails, 4 lb Muscovy lights, 1 Signed, John French, gunner. Interpretations The salutes fired for HMS Hector's arrival and for Captain Lake's landing consumed more powder and shot between them than every alarm and the Heathcote's own arrival combined, reflecting the fixed ceremonial gun counts owed to a King's ship and its commander regardless of any actual threat, a cost the garrison bore as a matter of naval courtesy rather than defence. Speculations Asked to answer the charges laid against him, Powell had the option the council plainly expected, to answer the council as the body that had assembled the evidence, and instead answered that he would account to the Company alone, a refusal that denied the council's own authority to try him even as he continued to correspond with it over his salary, his land and his cash. The distinction he drew, between the council as fact-finder and the Company as the only body he recognised as competent to judge him, shows a deliberate legal position rather than mere obstruction, one that let him keep negotiating the practical questions of his departure while declining to concede the substance of the inquiry against him.
133		130	Understood - full page from now on after any correction. Here's the complete corrected page: Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c. for the Month of April 1744 Vizt. Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ews, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ews, Weathers, Kidds, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total Rem. 1. April: Bullocks 13, Cows 108, Heifers 39, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 52, Bulls 6, Total 326, Ews 101, Weathers 22, Lambs 26, Rams 3, Total 152, Ews 117, Weathers 48, Kidds 11, Rams 3, Total 289, Sows 38, Barrows 23, Shoats 21, Piggs 12, Boars 3, Total 97, Turkeys 83, Fowls 191, Ducks 34, Geese 6, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Encreased in Do.: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 7, Bulls 0, Total 7, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 38, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 38, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowls 15, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 13, Cows 108, Heifers 39, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 59, Bulls 6, Total 333, Ews 101, Weathers 22, Lambs 26, Rams 3, Total 152, Ews 117, Weathers 48, Kidds 79, Rams 3, Total 277, Sows 38, Barrows 23, Shoats 21, Piggs 12, Boars 3, Total 97, Turkeys 83, Fowls 206, Ducks 34, Geese 6, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Killd in Do.: Bullocks 3, Cows 0, Heifers 2, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 5, Ews 0, Weathers 3, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 3, Ews 0, Weathers 1, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 1, Sows 0, Barrows 1, Shoats 1, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 2, Turkeys 8, Fowls 27, Ducks 6, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 10, Cows 108, Heifers 37, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 59, Bulls 6, Total 328, Ews 98, Weathers 22, Lambs 26, Rams 3, Total 149, Ews 117, Weathers 47, Kidds 79, Rams 3, Total 276, Sows 38, Barrows 22, Shoats 20, Piggs 12, Boars 3, Total 95, Turkeys 75, Fowls 179, Ducks 28, Geese 6, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Died in Do.: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 1, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 1, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 2, Boars 0, Total 2, Turkeys 0, Fowls 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 1, Mares 0, Total 0 Rem. 30 Do.: Bullocks 10, Cows 108, Heifers 37, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 59, Bulls 6, Total 328, Ews 98, Weathers 22, Lambs 26, Rams 3, Total 149, Ews 117, Weathers 47, Kidds 79, Rams 2, Total 275, Sows 38, Barrows 22, Shoats 20, Piggs 10, Boars 3, Total 93, Turkeys 75, Fowls 179, Ducks 28, Geese 5, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 24,000 Yams expended at the Severall Plantations 1 Goat Given to the Sick Blacks 508 Beef deliverd to his Majestys Ship Hector 932 Do. expended 107 Pork Do. 1 Girl Died 9 Namd Priss 1 Man Do. 23rd. Marraw 1 Do. 28 Pompey a Newman (Signd) C. E. Chris. Dixon Husbd.	Account of the Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of April 1744: Remaining 1 April: 13 bullocks, 108 cows, 39 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 52 calves, 6 bulls, total 326 neat cattle; 101 ewes, 22 wethers, 26 lambs, 3 rams, total 152 sheep; 117 ewes, 48 wethers, 11 kids, 3 rams, total 179 goats; 38 sows, 23 barrows, 21 shoats, 12 pigs, 3 boars, total 97 hoggs; 83 turkeys, 191 fowls, 34 ducks, 6 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses Increased in ditto: 7 calves, total 7 neat cattle increase; 38 kids, total 38 goats increase; 15 fowls increase Total: 13 bullocks, 108 cows, 39 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 59 calves, 6 bulls, total 333 neat cattle; 101 ewes, 22 wethers, 26 lambs, 3 rams, total 152 sheep; 117 ewes, 48 wethers, 79 kids, 3 rams, total 277 goats; 38 sows, 23 barrows, 21 shoats, 12 pigs, 3 boars, total 97 hoggs; 83 turkeys, 206 fowls, 34 ducks, 6 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses Killed in ditto: 3 bullocks, 2 heifers, total 5 neat cattle; 3 lambs, total 3 sheep; 1 wether, total 1 goat; 1 barrow, 1 shoat, total 2 hoggs; 8 turkeys, 27 fowls, 6 ducks Total: 10 bullocks, 108 cows, 37 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 59 calves, 6 bulls, total 328 neat cattle; 98 ewes, 22 wethers, 26 lambs, 3 rams, total 149 sheep; 117 ewes, 47 wethers, 79 kids, 3 rams, total 276 goats; 38 sows, 22 barrows, 20 shoats, 12 pigs, 3 boars, total 95 hoggs; 75 turkeys, 179 fowls, 28 ducks, 6 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses Died in ditto: 1 kid, total 1 goat; 2 shoats, total 2 hoggs; 1 duck Remaining 30 April: 10 bullocks, 108 cows, 37 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 59 calves, 6 bulls, total 328 neat cattle; 98 ewes, 22 wethers, 26 lambs, 3 rams, total 149 sheep; 117 ewes, 47 wethers, 79 kids, 2 rams, total 275 goats; 38 sows, 22 barrows, 20 shoats, 10 pigs, 3 boars, total 93 hoggs; 75 turkeys, 179 fowls, 28 ducks, 5 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses 24,000 yams expended at the several plantations 1 goat given to the sick slaves 508 lb beef delivered to His Majesty's ship Hector 932 lb ditto expended 107 lb pork ditto A girl child died, named Priss. A man died on the 23rd, named Marrow. A ditto died on the 28th, named Pompey, a new man. Signed, Christopher Dixon, husband. Interpretations The stock account shows the Hector's visit drawing directly on the island's cattle reserve, 508 lb of beef delivered to the King's ship alongside 932 lb expended locally, a call on supply distinct from the ordinary monthly consumption recorded elsewhere in the audit. The deaths of Priss, Marrow and Pompey, entered in the same brief, unadorned register as livestock losses, show how the plantation account recorded the deaths of the Company's slaves alongside its animals, with newly arrived slaves such as Pompey identified only by the fact of their recent purchase.
134		131	Diet Expences for Sundry Articles Expended at the Generall Table in the Month of April 1744 Vizt. 99 Bottles Port Wine @ 5s/6½d p Gall 6 14 7 30 Ditto Lisbon Do. @ Do. 2 . 7¾ 55 Do. White Cape Do. @ 5/6 p Gall 3 15 7½ 67 Do. Maderia Do. @ 6s Do. 5 . 6 6 Do. Old Hock 5 Do. Florence Oil @ 2/6 p Bottle . 12 6 255 Do. Beer @ [...] p Gall 2 9 1½ 43 Gallons Arrack @ 4s p Gall 8 12 . 100 Sugar @ [...] p lb . 17 8½ 60 Candy @ [...] p Do. . 18 9 2¾ Casks Flower @ 1.10.[...] p Cask 1 1 [...] 2 Pepper @ 6d p lb . 1 . 2 Bushels Salt @ 5/10 p Bushl. . 11 8 9 Pieces Beef @ 2/11½ p Do. 1 1 9½ 23 Do. Pork @ 1/10 p Do. 2 2 2 3 Sheep @ 20s ea 3 . . 2 Hoggs Wt. 107 @ 6d p lb 2 13 6 27 Fowls @ 1/6 ea 2 . 6 6 Ducks @ 1/6 ea . 9 . 8 Turkeys @ 5s ea 2 . . 70 Butter @ 1s p lb 3 10 . 30 Cheese @ 1s p lb 1 10 . 768 fresh Beef @ 3d p lb 9 12 . 300 Lemons @ 3s p hund. . 9 . 12 Eggs @ 1½d ea . 1 6 61 10 7¾	Diet expenses for sundry articles expended at the general table in April 1744: 99 bottles port wine at 5s 6d per gallon, £6 14s 9d 30 bottles Lisbon ditto at 5s 6d per gallon, £2 0s 7.5d 55 bottles white Cape ditto at 5s 6d per gallon, £3 15s 7.5d 67 bottles Madeira ditto at 6s per gallon, £5 0s 6d 6 bottles old hock, £0 0s 0d 5 bottles Florence oil at 2s 6d per bottle, £0 12s 6d 255 gallons beer at 9d per gallon, £2 9s 1.5d 43 gallons arrack at 4s per gallon, £8 12s 0d 100 lb sugar at 2.75d per lb, £0 17s 8.5d 60 lb candy at 3.75d per lb, £0 18s 9d 2.75 casks flour at £1 10s per bushel, £4 4s 1.5d 2 lb pepper at 6d per lb, £0 1s 0d 2 bushels salt at 5s 10d per bushel, £0 11s 8d 9 pieces beef at 2s 11.5d per piece, £1 1s 9.5d 23 pieces pork at 1s 10d per piece, £2 2s 2d 3 sheep at 20s each, £3 0s 0d 2 hoggs weighing 107 lb at 6d per lb, £2 13s 6d 27 fowls at 1s 6d each, £2 0s 6d 6 ducks at 1s 6d each, £0 9s 0d 8 turkeys at 5s each, £2 0s 0d 70 lb butter at 1s per lb, £3 10s 0d 30 lb cheese at 1s per lb, £1 10s 0d 768 lb fresh beef at 3d per lb, £9 12s 0d 300 lemons at 3s per hundred, £0 9s 0d 12 eggs at 1.5d each, £0 1s 6d Total, £61 10s 7.75d Interpretations This ledger is the very account the council's own report on Powell's extravagant table charges had drawn on: a single month running to £61 10s 7.75d, chiefly on wine, arrack and beer, sits well within the pace that produced the extra £122 15s 7.5d in liquor expense the council had already found for the previous year. The mixed stock of port, Lisbon, Cape and Madeira wine bought and billed side by side gave exactly the opportunity the council's report described, one wine's price standing in for another on the page while the difference was pocketed.
135		132	We this Day Counted the Honble Companys Cash and found the Amount to be as follows in the following Species Vizt. 8011 Dollars @ 5s/2d ea 2002.15.- 175 double rials @ 1/3 ea 11.-.- 871 Pagodas @ 9s ea 391.19.- Odd money 4.5.0¾ Cash Notes Amounting to 519.-.- Gold 1 Piece Wt. 11.15.14 @ 3.18.3 p oz 16.1.8½ Do. 1 Do. Wt. 3.9.12 @ 3.18. p oz 13.11.¾ 2088.12.3¾ The Governour Reports he has been informd that two Dutch Slaves were left here wth. Mr. Powell as Governour by Capt. Devoze of a Dutch Ship called the Knapenburg in July last, and by Enquiry found them Imployd at the said Mr. Powells own Work, and upon their Complaint, and request to be taken under the Compys. protection, he Orderd them to stay untill he made further Enquiry into the affair; whereupon Mr. Powell sent me the following Letter vizt. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Worshipfull Sir In answer to your message by Mr. Wright I must acquaint that those two slave men who have elloped from me and are with you were left by a Dutch Gentleman under my particular care, and upon certain conditions the which I am under obligations to observe, and they are in no sort relative to the Honble Company, therefore desire your Worship will be pleasd to order the two Slave men may be returnd to	The council counted the Company's cash that day and found the amount to be as follows, in the following species. 8,011 dollars at 5s each, £2,002 15s 0d 175 double reals at 1s 3d each, £10 18s 9d 891 pagodas at 8s 9d each, £389 11s 3d Old money, £4 5s 0.5d Cash notes amounting to, £519 0s 0d Gold and silver weighing 11 lb 15 oz 14 dwt at 3s 8d, £46 1s 8.5d Ditto weighing 3 lb 0 oz 12 dwt at 3s 8d, £13 11s 0.25d Total, £2,988 12s 3.25d The Governor reported that he had been informed two Dutch slaves had been left there with Powell as governor by Captain Devoze of a Dutch ship called the Knapenburg in July last, and on inquiry found them employed at Powell's own work. Upon their complaint and request to be taken under the Company's protection, he ordered them to stay until he had made further inquiry into the affair, whereupon Powell sent him the following letter, addressed to the worshipful David Dunbar Esquire. Powell wrote that in answer to the Governor's message by Wright, he must acquaint him that the two slave men who had eloped from him and were now with the Governor had been left by a Dutch gentleman under his particular care, and upon certain conditions which he was under obligation to observe, and that they were in no sort belonging to the Company. He therefore desired the Governor would order the two slave men to be returned to Interpretations The cash count, run to a quarter of a penny across dollars, reals, pagodas, old money, cash notes and bullion weighed by the ounce and pennyweight, gave the council an independently verified starting figure against which Powell's own cash-book entries could be checked, the same method already used to expose the £13 2s 6.25d deficiency found earlier in the audit. Powell's claim that the two Dutch slaves belonged to no one but himself, held under a private arrangement with their Dutch owner, was the same pattern of assertion running through the whole inquiry: property that had come into his hands through his office was treated as his own the moment its origin could be made to look private, and here it extended the pattern from goods and land to people.
136		133	Sir Your most humble Servant (Signd) St. Helena 19. April 1744. G. G. Powell The above letter being read we sent for Christo. Jell. one of the Interpreters to the said Dutch Capt. during his stay here, who declard the two Slaves were left under care of the Govr. & Council untill called for and an opportunity offerd to send them to the Cape, Solomon Jacobs the other Interpreter confermd the above declaration. David Wilson then Steward declares the said two Slaves were victuald and Clothed at the Compys. Expence till able to Work, and then Mr. Powell sent them to his own Plantation. The Revd. Mr. Alvich & Mr. Richd. Goodwin knowing something of this affair, were sent for, we asked Mr. Alvich in what manner he lookd upon these two blacks to be left here, replyd, he always apprehended them to be left wth. Mr. Powell as Govr., and Mr. Richd. Goodwin with whom the Capt. lodgd was of the same Opinion, from what he had heard the Capt. say concerning them. Lieut. Scott deposeth as follows vizt. I James Scott Lieutenant in the Service of the Honble Company hereby declare to the best of my remembrance, that I was told by Capt. Devoze, of the Ship Knappenhuff, that he had left the two Blacks, he brought hither on the 31. of May 1743 under the care of the then Govr. & Council to be carried to the Cape by the first Opportunity and that they were to work here for their maintenance untill they could be sent thither.	The letter closed: your most humble servant, signed George Gabriel Powell, St Helena, 19 April 1744. On reading the letter, the council sent for Christo Sell, one of the interpreters to the Dutch captain during his stay, who declared the two slaves had been left in the care of the Governor and council until called for and an opportunity offered to send them to the Cape. Soloman Jacobs, the other interpreter, confirmed the same account. David Wilson, the steward, declared that the two slaves had been victualled and clothed at the Company's expense until able to work, whereupon Powell had sent them to his own plantation. The council sent for the Reverend Mr Alevick and Richard Goodwin, both having some knowledge of the affair. Asked how he understood the two slaves to have been left there, Alevick replied that he had always understood them to have been left with Powell as Governor. Richard Goodwin, with whom the Dutch captain had lodged, held the same opinion from what he had heard the captain say of them. Lieutenant Scott deposed that he was James Scott, lieutenant in the service of the Company, and declared to the best of his remembrance that Captain Devoze of the ship Knapenburg had told him he had left the two slaves he brought there on 31 May 1743 in the care of the then Governor and council, to be carried to the Cape by the first opportunity, and that they were to work there for their maintenance until they could be sent on. Interpretations The interpreters' and Wilson's testimony together closed off Powell's claim in his letter that the slaves were his own private charge: two independent witnesses to the original arrangement placed the men in the council's keeping rather than his, and the steward's account showed the Company, not Powell, had borne the cost of raising them to working condition before he diverted them to his own plantation. Alevick's and Goodwin's evidence, resting only on impression rather than direct knowledge of the arrangement, was weaker than the interpreters' or Scott's testimony but was recorded all the same, giving the council's account of the matter added breadth once Scott's sworn deposition confirmed the material fact from the captain's own words.
137		134	I likewise further Declare, that my Wife being desirous to purchase one of the said Blacks I spoke to Capt. Devoze about it who acquainted me that he could not then sell either of them, he having left them with the Govr. & Council St. Helena (Signd) James Scott May 16, 1744. Lieutenant James Scott this day appeard before me in Council and made oath to the truth of the above written to the best of his knowledge and remembrance (Signd) David Dunbar Mr. Robt. Wright late of Council declard in the hearing of the Govr., Capt. Lake, Mr. Dixon, Mr. Goodwin & Mr. Purling, that he always apprehended the said two Slaves were left with Mr. Powell as Govr. for the time being. Mr. Powell still persists in their being left to him in his private Capacity, and says that he gave the Capt. an obligation to be answerable to him for them, a Copy of which he had by him but when asked to shew it us, he refusd it. As this Allegation seemd very improbable to us, and the said evidences being full against him, and Considering that Mr. Powell is selling his Effects in Order to quit the Island, we are of Opinion to take the said two Slaves under the Compys. protection untill their pleasure be known upon it. John Goodwin David Dunbar Purling Thos. Hutchinson Chris Dixon	Scott further declared that his wife, being desirous to purchase one of the slaves, he had spoken to Captain Devoze about it, who told him he could not sell either of them, having left them with the Governor and council. Signed James Scott, St Helena, 16 May 1744. Lieutenant James Scott appeared before the council that day and made oath to the truth of the above, to the best of his knowledge and remembrance. Signed David Dunbar. Robert Wright, late of council, declared that he had heard the Governor, Captain Lake, Dixon, Goodwin and Purling all say they had always understood the two slaves to have been left with Powell as Governor for the time being. Powell still insisted they had been left with him in his private capacity, and said Devoze had given him an obligation making him answerable for them, a copy of which he had by him, but when asked to produce it he refused. The council, judging this allegation very improbable, the evidence being full against him, and considering that Powell was selling his effects in order to leave the island, resolved to take the two slaves under the Company's protection until its pleasure should be known on the matter. Signed, John Goodwin, Purling, David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon. Interpretations Powell's refusal to produce the obligation he claimed to hold, the one document that could have settled the question in his favour, mirrors his conduct throughout the audit: an assertion offered freely so long as it went unchallenged, then withdrawn from proof the moment the council asked to see it. The council's decision to act while Powell was still visibly disposing of his property to leave the island shows it treating his departure as a deadline rather than a formality, since two slaves left in his private effects would have gone with him beyond any prospect of recovery once he sailed.
138		135	At a Consultation held on Friday May 11 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Esq. Governour Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lieut. Gov. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Purling The last Consultation was read and Approvd. The following Memorial was laid before us vizt. The Memorial of Martin Hanson and Richard Beale To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esq. Govr. & Council We beg leave to acquaint you that Stephen Lufkin an Antient Planter of this Island departed this Life on the 8. of this Instant who by his last Will & Testament appointed us Executors to his said Will, and upon his decease we Immediately repaird to the House where he Died, to give Directions for his Funeral, and likewise to Examine what papers and Effects belonging to him, which requird our Care, and in his Chest we were Informd was the Books of Accompts, and papers belonging to Youngs Orphans, and likewise the Accounts of his Son Stephen Lufkin, and his Widdow, both decd., We thereupon lockd the said Chest and Seald down the lid with all Books, papers, Cash &c in it as we found it keeping the key and Seal in our possession, leaving the Chest in the Care of William Young one of the abovementiond	At a consultation held on Friday 11 May 1744 at the castle, Colonel David Dunbar presided as Governor, with Captain Charles Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor, and Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as council. The council read and approved the previous consultation. The council received the following memorial, presented by Martin Hooper and Richard Beale, addressed to David Dunbar, Governor, and the council. Hooper and Beale wrote that they wished to inform the council that Stephen Lufkin, an old planter of the island, had died on 8 May, and that his will had appointed them his executors. On his death they had gone at once to the house where he died to arrange his funeral and to examine what papers and effects of his required their care. They found in his chest the account books and papers belonging to the Young orphans, together with the accounts of his son Stephen Lufkin and his widow, both also deceased. They had accordingly locked the chest and sealed down the lid, with all the books, papers and cash inside it as they found them, keeping the key and seal in their own possession, and leaving the chest in the care of William Young, one of the abovementioned Interpretations The executors' care to seal the chest unopened, keep the key and seal themselves, and place it with a third party rather than either executor, shows a standard precaution taken where a deceased planter's papers touched money belonging to minors, the Young orphans, and to other deceased estates, protecting the executors themselves from any later suspicion of having tampered with funds not truly Lufkin's own before the council could take formal notice of the estate.
139		136	abovementiond Orphans there being now no Executors to the said Youngs Orphans, he the said Stephen Lufkin was the last, and in such cases tis Customary in this place for the Government to appoint Trustees to such Orphans, that are destitute of any person to take care of their Effects, And we are now ready to give our attendance with any person or persons whom you shall please to appoint Trustees to the said Youngs Orphans to Seperate the Cash, Books of Accompts &c from the Estate of the said Stephen Lufkin decd. as soon as you shall think proper. (Signd) Martin Harper Richd. Beale Upon reading the above Mr. John Goodwin and Martin Harper were appointed trustees to the Orphans. Mr. Godfrey was sent for and asked what time he would be able to Close the General Books, answerd, he would finish them in a fortnight or three Weeks time at furthest. The following petition was presented and read vizt. To the Honble David Dunbar Esq. Govr. of the Island St. Helena, and the other Gentlemen of the Council. Humbly Sheweth That your petitioner receiving	William Young, one of the orphans named above, had no living executor, Stephen Lufkin having been the last. The executors noted that it was customary in that place for the government to appoint trustees to orphans left without anyone to manage their effects. They wrote that they were now ready to attend with any person or persons the council should please to appoint as trustees to the Young orphans, to separate the cash and books of accounts belonging to the orphans from the estate of Stephen Lufkin as soon as the council thought proper. Signed, Martin Harper, Richard Beale. On reading the memorial, John Goodwin and Martin Harper were appointed trustees to the orphans. Godfrey was sent for and asked how soon he would be able to close the general books, and answered that he would finish them within a fortnight or three weeks at the furthest. The council then received and read the following petition.
140		137	an Order that runs in the words following, Mr. Scott, Sir, I am to acquaint you Immediately to quit the House you now live in by Order of Council, Sig. Sub. C. Dixon Secy. St. Helena 26. November 1742. to quit the House, given him by Capt. Jenkins, at his first coming here, is Obliged, Necessarily, with all deference, to lay before your Honours his Case, as in fact it is, representing that the said house, was altogether inhabitable, as being wt.out those necessary requisites, within and Without Doors, that should render one fitt, for safty & Convenience, and Mr. Jenkins not being in a Capacity (for the time being) to employ any Workmen on it, your petitioner was therefore obligd, by his Desire, and Order, to repair it at his own Expence (Upwards of five pound) which Mr. Jenkins promised to Defray, or his possession of the House, while in the Island, yet had no real reimbursements, or account made him of it, and not expecting of any dispossession, was the true motive, that chiefly induced your petitioner not to Conjoin the other Gentlemen, in their application for Mess Money. And being causelessly removd wth. indignity from their Honours Table in the Castle twice vizt. from the 21st. Janry 1742/3, to the 26 Febry following, and again, from the 1st. Janry to 11 March, he was greatly to his Disadvantage, forced to Diet himself for that time without any reparation made him, therefore yr. petitioner humbly Intreats your honour, & the Gentlemen of the Council to take these lapses into timely consideration and your petitioner shall ever pray St. Helena 17. April 1744. (Signd) James Scott	The petition set out that Scott had received an order in the following words, that he was to acquaint the recipient he was immediately to quit the house he then lived in, by order of council, signed Christopher Dixon, secretary, St Helena, 26 November 1742. Scott stated that the house given him by Captain Jenkins on his first coming there was, with all deference, obliged, necessarily, to lay before the council his case, as in fact it was, representing that the house was altogether uninhabitable, being without those necessary requisites, within and without doors, that should render a house fit for safety and convenience. Jenkins not being in a capacity, for the time being, to employ any workmen on it, Scott had therefore been obliged, by Jenkins's desire and order, to repair it at his own expense, upwards of five pounds, which Jenkins had promised to defray during his possession of the house on the island, yet Scott had received no real reimbursement or account made him of it, and not expecting any dispossession was the true motive that chiefly induced him not to join the other gentlemen in their application for mess money. Scott stated that being causelessly removed with indignity from the Governor's table at the castle twice, once from 21 January 1742/3 to 20 February following, and again from 1 January to 17 March, he had been greatly to his disadvantage forced to feed himself for that time without any reparation made him. He therefore humbly entreated the Governor and the gentlemen of the council to take these losses into timely consideration. Signed, James Scott, St Helena, 17 April 1744.
141		138	We thought this request unreasonable concerning the repair of the House, therefore did not Grant it, for three Months he was turnd from the General Table by Mr. Powell, we allowd him five pounds which was paid him accordingly David Dunbar Thos. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling At a Consultation held on Tuesday May 15. 1744 at the Castle Present Coll. David Dunbar Esq. Govr. Capt. Chas. Hutchinson Lieut. Govr. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Purling The last Consultation was read and Approvd. Yesterday arrivd a Danish Ship calld the Queen of Denmark Burthen about	The council thought Scott's request concerning the repair of the house unreasonable and therefore did not grant it. For the three months he had been kept from the general table by Powell, the council allowed him five pounds, which was paid him accordingly. Signed, David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling. At a consultation held on Tuesday 15 May 1744 at the castle, Colonel David Dunbar presided as Governor, with Captain Charles Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor, and Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as council. The council read and approved the previous consultation. The council recorded that a Danish ship called the Queen of Denmark, of about
142		139	800 Tons, 26 Guns, and 170 Men Capt. Allewelt from China. Joseph Whaley Soldier and Native of this Island Petiond for his Discharge having servd the Company the full Term of five Years. Granted. Mrs. Dorcas Bryan Petiond praying leave to go to England on some of the Ships now in the road. Granted. We this day agreed to Sell what damagd Goods do appeard to us upon taking the last Inventory of the Honble Companys Stores, and Orderd an Advertisement to be publisht accordingly. David Dunbar Thos. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	A Danish ship called the Queen of Denmark, of 800 tons, 26 guns and 170 men, commanded by Captain Allewelt, had arrived from China. Joseph Whaley, a soldier and a native of the island, petitioned for his discharge, having served the Company the full term of five years. The council granted it. Dorcas Bryan petitioned for leave to go to England on one of the ships then in the road. The council granted it. The council agreed that day to sell whatever damaged goods had appeared to it upon taking the last inventory of the Company's stores, and ordered an advertisement to be published accordingly. Signed, David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling.
143		140	At a Consultation held on Tuesday 29th May at the Castle Present Coll. David Dunbar Govr. Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lieut. Govr. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Purling This day Mr. Goodwin & Mr. Purling Attested the Inventory which was taken the 1st. June 1739 when ye late Govr. Goodwin deliverd up the Charge of the Honble Companys Stores to the late Mr. John Bazett we were of Opinion the late Govr. Goodwin should be Charged wth. ye whole Deficiences that then Appeard & ye those ye have Since Occurd to ye time Mr. Godfrey took Charge of ye Stores should be placed to ye Widdow of the late Mr. Bazett When Mr. Powell and Mr. Godfrey were asked their reasons for placing ye Whole Deficiencies to ye late Mr. John Bazetts Account they Answerd, it was in Order to make up ye Books & that it was not meant as a real Debt, Mr. Powell said, he knew several things Charged as Deficiences, to be on ye Companys Account, & never Wrote off & ye ye late Mr. John Bazett, could noways be Answerable before he had the Charge off the Stores. Arrived on the 15. Instant ye Ship Princess of Wales Capt. Tho. Harry from Bombay & brought us ye following Supplys Vizt. Invoice of Ship Princess of Wales Rice Beaten 22 Bags contg. 150c Amdr at Rups. 2. 60 p Maund 97 2 " Carr. over 97 2 "	At a consultation held on Tuesday 29 May at the castle, Colonel David Dunbar presided as Governor, with Captain Charles Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor, and Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as council. Goodwin and Purling attested that day to the inventory taken on 15 June 1739, when Goodwin, then Governor, had delivered up the charge of the Company's stores to the late John Bazett. The council was of the opinion that Goodwin should be charged with the whole deficiency then appearing, and that the stores received since by Godfrey when he took charge should be placed to the account of the widow of the late Bazett. Asked their reasons for placing the whole deficiency to Bazett's account, Powell and Godfrey answered that it had been done in order to make up the books, and that it was not meant as a real debt. Powell said he knew several items charged as deficiencies to be properly on the Company's account, and that Bazett, never having written off those items, could not be held answerable for them before he took charge of the stores. A ship called the Princess of Wales, Captain Harry, arrived from Bombay on 25 May and brought the following supplies. Invoice of ship Princess of Wales: Rice beaten, 22 bags containing 150 [...] maunds at 2.60 rupees per maund, [...] Carried over, 97 rupees 2 annas 0 pies Interpretations Charging the whole 1739 deficiency to a dead man's estate, on the admission of the very officials who set the figure that it was not a real debt but a bookkeeping device, shows the same pattern of manipulated accounts running through the Powell inquiry extending backward to Goodwin's own governorship, with a widow's estate made to absorb a shortfall the council's own witnesses could not properly attribute to her late husband.
144		141	Goa Arrack Brought over 600 Gallons Sixth Distilld Vizt. 3 Leags. ea. of 160 Gall. is 480. 1 Butt of. 120 600 Gall at 26. Rups. p. 18 Gallons 325 " " Charges on Merchandize Vizt. Gunny peices 25 for Rice at 3.1 p C. 1..25 Duttey Bags 22 for Do. at 2.65 ea. 14.2.30 Twine 3½ lb for Do. 1..2..- Seagoe 3 for Arrack at 10. ea 30.. One Butt for Do. 8.. Hamallage on Do. & Rice ..2.90 Boat hire 2.2.- 61 1 15 Rupees 483 3 15 N.B. There was an Error in ye Charges on Merchandize on ye Warwicks Invoice of 1 Rup. being less then it ought, Therefore it is Inserted in this EE. R.J. Morley Accompt And on ye 17th Arrived the Royall Guardian Capt. Benson from Bencoolen. On the 18. Arrived ye Harrington Capt. Scotts from China & brought us the following Supplys Vizt. Invoice of Ship Harrington Vizt. No. 1 to 4 China Ware 4 Chests of 4 Vizt. Dishes & Plates in Setts of 2 Dishes & 12 Plates Sales, Rups 1006.6.6 Doz. Blue & White Setts 15 at 0.8.0 12.0.0 Bowles Blue & White 53 at 0.0.30 1.20.0 Do. Enammelld 51 at 0.0.20 6.120 Snuchers Blue & White 304 at 0.0.30 9.120 Cups & Saucers Do. Pair 885 at 0.0.15 13.275 44.955 deduct 2 p Cent . 493 43.8.60	Brought over, 97 rupees 2 annas 0 pies Goa arrack, 600 gallons, both distilled, viz: 3 leaguers, each of 160 gallons, is 480 gallons 1 butt of 120 gallons, 600 gallons total At 26 rupees per 48 gallons, 325 rupees Charges on merchandise: Gunny bags, 25 for rice at 3s 1d each, £4 25s Duty bags, 22 for ditto at 2.5d each, £18 2s 50 Twine, 3.5 lb for ditto, £1 2s Leaguers, 3 for arrack at 10 rupees each, 30 rupees 1 butt for ditto, 8 rupees Mamallage on ditto and rice, 2 rupees 90 Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 annas Total, 483 rupees 3 annas 15 pies A note observed that there had been an error in the charges on merchandise on Warwick's invoice of a rupee being left out, and that it was properly Morley's account, so it was inserted here instead. The council recorded that the Royal Guardian, Captain Benson, had arrived from Bencoolen on 17 May. A ship called the Harrington, Captain Coutts, arrived from China on 18 May and brought the council the following supplies. Invoice of ship Harrington: China ware, 4 chests of 4 numbers, dishes and plates in setts of 2 dishes and 12 plates, blue and white setts, 15 at 0s 8d, 12 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Bowls, blue and white, 53 at 0s 5d, 4 rupees 240 Ditto, enamelled, 51 at 0s 2d, 6 rupees 120 Saucers, blue and white, 30.4 at 0s 3d, 9 rupees 120 Cups and saucers, ditto pair, 880 at 0s 6d, 11 rupees 985 Deduct 2.5 per cent, 43 rupees 8 annas 60 pies Interpretations The marginal note redirecting a misattributed rupee from Warwick's invoice to Morley's account shows the council correcting its own clerical errors as it found them rather than letting them stand once an inconsistency surfaced, the same care for accuracy running through the whole record from the Powell audit to routine invoice-keeping. The porcelain invoice, itemising blue-and-white and enamelled wares by the set, bowl, saucer and cup-and-saucer pair with a standard trade discount deducted, reflects the ordinary China-ware trade carried between Canton and the island aboard Company shipping, distinct from the household china earlier found diverted from Powell's own deficiency account.
145		142	Brought over 43 8 60 S.C No. 1 to 7 Sugar Candy by Chests wtg. No. Peculls 6.78 at 6.500 44.0.70 W.B No. 1 to 3 Tea Bohea 3 Chests wtg. No. 2.60 at 12. 31.200 108 Double Canisters at 0.070 7.560 100 Single Do. at 0.040 4.000 42.7.60 Sales 130.6.00 P.P. Law Page. Rich. Martyn. John Hoagson John Searle John Barrow On the 22nd departed the Dane Ship called the Queen of Denmark. On the same day Arrived a French Ship called the Duke de Charlras Capt. Duque Safer Burthen 700 Tuns 106 Men and 32 Guns; Came last from Ponticherry and Cheifly laden wth. Pepper, Coffee and Bail Goods. This day she sailed from hence Yesterday the following Goods were sold Account Sales of Damaged Goods sold at Publick Auction out of the Honble Companys Stores the 28 May 1744 Vizt. 18 Horse Combs £ " 1 4 Hosierware Vizt 16 P. womans Worsted Stockings £1.7.6 9 P. Girls & 1 P. Boys 13.4 Hosierware Carr:over£2..10 Carr:over £ " 1 4	Brought over, 43 rupees 8 annas 60 pies S:6 N° 1 to 7, sugar candy, 7 chests weighing net 6.78 candy, at 6 rupees 500, 44 rupees 0 annas 70 pies S:8 N° 1 to 3, tea bohea, 3 chests weighing net 2.60 candy, at 12 rupees, 31 rupees 200 pies 108 double canisters, at 0 rupees 70, 7 rupees 560 pies 100 single ditto, at 0 rupees 40, 4 rupees 0 pies Total sales, 130 rupees 6 annas 0 pies Sold to Paul Page, Richard Martyn, John Hougsan, John Searle and John Barrow. The Danish ship Queen of Denmark departed on 22 May. A French ship called the Duc de Chartres, Captain Duguesafer Barthon, of 700 tons, 100 men and 32 guns, arrived the same day, having come last from Pondicherry laden chiefly with pepper, coffee and Bale goods, and sailed again from there that day. The council recorded that the following goods were sold the previous day. Account sales of damaged goods sold at public auction out of the Company's stores, 28 May 1744: 18 tortoiseshell combs, £0 1s 4d Hosierware: 16 women's worsted stockings, £1 7s 6d 9 girls' and 19 boys' ditto, £0 13s 4d Hosierware carried over, £2 0s 10d Carried over, £0 1s 4d Interpretations The Duc de Chartres's call, laden with pepper, coffee and piece goods bound onward from Pondicherry and departing the same day it arrived, illustrates the island's routine role as a watering and provisioning stop on the homeward Indies route rather than a trading destination in its own right for French ships already carrying their cargo. The damaged-goods auction, ordered earlier in the same set of consultations once the inventory had identified spoiled stock, converted otherwise wasted stores into recorded cash, with named buyers entered against each lot to keep the sale accountable in the same manner as every other transaction the council had scrutinised through the Powell audit.
146		143	Brought over£ " 1 4 Hosierware Brought over £2..10 1 P. Silk Stockings . 3 . 2 3 10 Ironmongers Ware Vizt. 6 P. Sheep Skins . 1 7 1 Hand Hatchet . 1 6 9 P. Stilliards 1 1 . 28 Gridirons 1 6 8½ 11 Fire Shovels and Tongs 1 5 11 10 P. Tongs . 16 1 1 Hedging Bills . 1 10½ 10 Grubbing Hoes . 8 1½ 2 Choping Knives . 1 1 1 Currecx and 1 Drawing knife . 2 7 15 P. Nippers . 2 5 8 P. Iron Snuffers . . 8½ 1 Pestle and Mortar . 3 1 2 Locks wth. out keys . 1 6 10 Escruitore Locks wth. out keys . 1 2 9 Till Locks wth. out keys . 1 7 6 3 8 Pewter Vizt. 1 Plate . . 9 26 Saucers . 7 6 1 Pewter Cover for a Dish . 1 1 1 Cheese Plate . 2 7 3 Crewets . 1 7 1 Tea Kettle and Lamp . 8 1 1 1 7 Turnersware Vizt. 3 Cloth Brushes . 1 6 9 P. Bellows . 8 3 Turnersware Carried over . 9 9 Carried over£9.10.5	Brought over, £1 4s 0d Hosierware brought over, £2 10s 0d 1 pair silk stockings, £0 3s 0d Hosierware total, £2 3s 10d Ironmongers ware: 6 pairs sheep shears, £0 4s 9d 1 hand hatchet, £0 1s 6d 9 pairs pilliards, £0 4s 0d 28 gridirons, £1 6s 8.5d 11 fire shovels and tongs, £1 3s 11d 10 pairs tongs, £0 16s 4d 4 hedging bills, £0 1s 10.5d 10 grubbing hoes, £0 8s 4.5d 2 chopping knives, £0 1s 4d 1 currier and 1 drawing knife, £0 2s 7d 15 pairs nippers, £0 2s 3d 8 pairs iron snuffers, £0 8s 3d 1 pestle and mortar, £0 3s 1d 2 locks without keys, £0 1s 6d 10 escritoire locks without keys, £0 1s 2d 9 till locks without keys, £0 1s 7d Ironmongers ware total, £6 3s 8d Pewter: 1 plate, £0 0s 9d 26 saucers, £1 7s 6d 1 pewter cover for a dish, £0 1s 1d 1 cheese plate, £0 2s 7d 3 cruets, £0 1s 7d 1 tea kettle and lamp, £0 8s 1d Pewter total, £1 1s 7d Turnersware: 3 cloth brushes, £0 1s 6d 9 pairs bellows, £0 8s 3d Turnersware carried over, £0 9s 9d Carried over, £9 10s 5d
147		144	Brought over 9 10 5 Turnersware Brought over . 9 9 13 Scrubbing Brushes . 8 3½ 11 Hair Brooms . 3 2½ 2 Platters . . 2¼ 1 1 5½ Tin Ware Vizt. 9 Cullenders . 5 . 4 Pasty Pans . 2 . 15 Wood Greaters . . 3 28 Cassado Do. . . 1 5 Drudging Boxes . . ½ 19 Basting Ladles . . 11 5 Pepper Boxes . . 1 38 Coffee Potts . 7 5½ 19 Fish Plates . 2 1 . 18 2¾ 11 10 ¾ On the 1st. Instant Arrived the Ship Haslingfield Capt. Halsten from China and brought us the following Supplys Vizt. Invoice of Ship Haslingfield Vizt. No. 1 to 4 China Ware 4 Chests of 4 Vizt. Dishes and Plates Blue and White 2 Dishes & 12 Plates p Sett Sales, Sales Rls. C. C. 15 at 0.800 12.000 Bowles Blue & White 55 at 0.080 4.400 Ditto Enammelled 53 at 0.120 6.360 Snuckers Blue and White 305 at 0.030 9.150 Cups & Saucers Blue & White 755 at 0.015 11.335 42.963 Deduct 2 p Cent .363 42.1.05 Carried over 42.1.05	Brought over, £9 10s 5d Turnersware brought over, £0 9s 9d 13 scrubbing brushes, £0 8s 3.5d 11 hair brooms, £0 3s 2.5d 2 platters, £0 2s 3d Turnersware total, £1 1s 5.5d Tin ware: 9 cullenders, £0 5s 0d 4 pasty pans, £0 2s 0d 15 wood graters, £0 3s 0d 28 basado ditto, £0 4s 0d 3 dredging boxes, £0 2s 0d 19 basting ladles, £0 11s 0d 5 pepper boxes, £0 1s 0d 38 coffee pots, £7 5s 2d 19 fish plates, £2 1s 0d Tin ware total, £0 18s 2.5d Total, £11 10s 3d A ship called the Haslingfield, Captain Ralston, arrived from China on 16 May and brought the council the following supplies. Invoice of ship Haslingfield: China ware, 4 chests of 4 numbers, dishes and plates blue and white: 2 dishes and 12 plates a sett, 15 setts at 0s 800, 12 rupees 100 Bowls blue and white, 55 at 0s 980, 4 rupees 400 Ditto enamelled, 53 at 0s 120, 6 rupees 360 Saucers blue and white, 305 at 0s 030, 9 rupees 150 Cups and saucers blue and white, 755 at 0s 015, 11 rupees 335 Total, 42 rupees 963 pies Deduct 2.5 per cent, 963 pies Total, 42 rupees 105 pies Carried over, 42 rupees 105 pies Interpretations The Haslingfield's porcelain invoice, arriving within days of the Harrington's near-identical cargo of blue-and-white dishes, bowls, saucers and cups from the same China trade, shows the island's stores in this period stocking up heavily on the same narrow range of trade china, most likely intended for onward resale to shipping and residents rather than for the Company's own domestic use, given the quantities involved running into the hundreds of pieces per item.
148		145	Brought over 42.1.05 S.C No. 1 to 7 Sugar Candy 7 Chests Nt. Wt. Peculls 6.73 at 6.500 43.7.45 B No. 1 to 3 Sea Bohea 3 Chests Nt. Wt. 2.63 at 12. 31.560 108 Double Canisters .070 7.560 100 Single Do. .040 4.000 43.1.20 Sales 128.9.70 EE. Edw. Page. Rich. Martin John Hodgson John Searle. John Burrow Mr. Dixon reports he hath been on Board the Ships Princess of Wales, Harrington and Royall Guardian and Mustered their Company in Order to Search for Deserters but found None, the following are Their Muster Rolls Vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Princess of Wales Vizt. Thomas Harry Commr. Francis Taylor John Weadvington Robt. Morris Thomas Harry Huphry Thompson Ambrose Price John Saylor William Harry Mub Willm. Howard Vasillio Papsmotto James Lynn Ralph Wadlow James Innes John Winniard William Dash. Mately Thomas Gapper William Mitchells Thomas Israel Stephen Prufus Thomas Cook. Pons Patterson Matthew Squall Pedro DeSoso Thomas Proat John Kirk. Maurice Collins Francis Sucker Henry Whiting James Manchlin John Baady Richard Winnell Michael Walsh William May John Hill James Punee William Chennery Daniels Fountain John Farrington Nabla Nicola Matthew Boyle Rich. Hopkin	Brought over S:6 N° 1 to 7, sugar candy, 7 chests weighing net 6.73 peculs, at 6 rupees 500, 13 rupees 7 annas 4.5 pies B N° 1 to 3, tea bohea, 3 chests weighing net 2.63 peculs, at 12 rupees, 31 rupees 500 pies 108 double canisters, at 0 rupees 70, 7 rupees 560 pies 100 single ditto, at 0 rupees 40, 4 rupees 0 pies Total, 43 rupees 1 anna 2 pies Sales, 128 rupees 9 annas 7 pies Sold to Edward Page, Richard Martin, John Hodgson, John Searle and John Burrow. Dixon reported that he had been aboard the ships Princess of Wales, Harrington and Royal Guardian and mustered their companies in order to search for deserters, but found none. The following were their muster rolls. Princess of Wales Thomas Harry, commander Francis Taylor John Weadvington Robert Morris Thomas Harry Humphry Thompson Ambrose Price John Saylor William Harry Hugh William Howard Basillia Pasemotto James Lynn Ralph Wadlow James Innes Harrington John Kinniard William Dash Marely Thomas Gapper William Mitchell Thomas Israel Stephen Rufus Thomas Cook Pons Patterson Matthew Squrill Pedro DeSoso Thomas Troat John Kirk Maurice Collins Francis Tucker Royal Guardian Henry Whiting James Manchlin John Baady Richard Winnell Michael Walsh William May John Hill James Puncey William Chennery Daniel Fountain John Farrington Nabola Nicola Matthew Boyle Richard Hopkin
149		146	William Clark Robert Young John Garnett John Burfoot Daniel Swonnerton Henry Penney Samuel Evans John Floyd Stephen Gampo Matthew Marten William Ashin Matthew Mortence William Goodchild William Adams Peter Gonreau James Igoe Sebastian Prager Robert Plumer Peter Santore Joseph Stephenson James Stephenson Edward Prefetter James Clark John Snell John Stone John Guy James Genger Adam Lynn John Lawrence Joseph Burwich Peter Hunt John Portugueze John Cowen Alexander Donaldson William Clark James Smith Charles Johnson Francis Cobham George Barl John Henry Jebbett Phillip Walker Jonathan Wheatley Thomas Page William Haddin Henry Lupton John Cobham John Henmen Lawrence Bond John Dickson David Atkis Alexand. Robinson Thomas Egdon George Clark William Brown David Sonias William Holloway Francis Hunis James True Muster Roll of Ship Harrington vizt. Charles Soules Commr. Aldea Domineus John Lyon James Gauchwood David Breechton Rich. Owarne William Sergeson Robt. Motercroft Andrew Hoy Charles Hood Rich. Clark William Brothers James Braskall Alexander Minereiff Francis Douglass David Reid James Ogilvie John Mc.Leachlan Willm. Platt Ephm. Tiffeny John Brown Thomas Halsey James Logan Isaac Elwood Rich. Fountain John Marten Gilbt. Brown Willm. Swinley Sam. Deusberry James Caie Thomas Barner Rich. Tanner Francis Knight Rich. Dann Jos. Mansell Thos. Carnegg	William Clark Robert Young John Garnett John Burford Daniel Swinnerton Henry Penney Samuel Evans John Floyd Stephen Gampo Matthew Marten William Ashin Matthew Mortence William Goodfield William Adams Peter Gonneau James Igoe Sebastian Thager Robert Plumer Peter Santore Joseph Stephenson James Stephenson Edward Bofetter James Clark John Snell John Stone John Guy James Ginger Adam Lynn John Lawrence Joseph Burwick Peter Stunt John Portuguese John Cowen Alexander Donaldson William Clark James Smith Charles Johnson Francis Cobham George Barl John Stony Jabbett Phillip Walker Jonathan Wheatley Thomas Page William Haddin Henry Lupton John Cobham John Hnmun Laurence Bird John Dickson David Stils Alexander Robinson Thomas Egdon George Clark William Brown David Sonas William Holloway Francis Hunnis James Fue Muster roll of ship Harrington: Charles Soules, commander Aldea Domineus John Lyon James Guchwod David Breechton Richard Cwarne William Sergeson Robert Motecreiff Andrew Hay Charles Wood Richard Clark William Brothers James Braskall Alexander Mincreiff Francis Douglass David Frys James Ogilby John McLeachlan William Platt Ephraim Tiffeny John Brown Thomas Halsey James Logan Isaac Elwood Richard Fountain John Marten Gilbert Brown William Swinley Samuel Deusberry James Gaie Thomas Berner Richard Tanner Francis Knight Richard Dunn Joseph Mansell Thomas Carnegg
150		147	William Mason William Halkerston John Gray James Ferguson Nathl. Bowzer James Peterson George Waterson Daniel Cummings Robt. Daves Derby Cochlin John Brown Tomy Mullins Jonas Oman William Salway William Brisan Francis Nechols Francis Ducell Alex. Achman Robt. Cliffen Jos. Mackey Alexander Trent James Mac. Neal James Sennett John Richardson David Tefe James Brown John Flack Richard Kavesp Luke Martin John Farrier Robt. Hurst James Beech Alexander Biggar Thomas Cughley Thomas Whitaker Robt. Lamounston Thomas Lee William Scott Nicholas Sennett Hercules Fistmore Henry Collington Joseph Belcher John Hogg James Polkinhorn Murphy Phill. Wagner James Boucher Domingo Buzell Henry Phintwon Matthew Ephraim Francis Desocja James Innes Henry Gough William Stewart Alexander Mc. Duff John Indamora Thomas Robertson John Sorrell John Pompey William Cappinger Muster Roll of Ship Royal Guardian Will. Earl Bonson Comr. George Lindsey Robert Williams Charles Newton Matthew Wood Samuel Napper George Booth John Coats John Heslop Furley Doyles Henry Mason Jonathan Hammond Wm. Colton Hillsick Ambrose Newton John Cape William Sedeall Peter Jowths Peter Eaton Peter Sumpter John Knight Law Sand Willm. Bothaw David Denman Francis Pawley Matthew Peterson Samuel Easton Joseph Alcock William Mullett Thomas Finch Walter Blay Thomas Cook William Thompson John Rawlerson Richard Turner James Aldridge William Shelby Thomas Been David Fohon Chas. Day	William Mason William Halkerston John Gray James Ferguson Nathaniel Bowzer James Peterson George Waterson Daniel Cummings Robert Davis Derby Cochlin John Brown Tom Mullins Jonas Oman William Salway William Brigan Francis Nichols Francis Ducele Alexander Achman Robert Cliffen Joseph Mackey Alexander Trent James MacNeal James Sennett John Richardson David Jefe James Brown John Slack Richard Havrup Luke Martin John Farrier Robert Hurst James Beech Alexander Biggar Thomas Cughley Thomas Whitaker Robert Lamounston Thomas Lee William Scott Nicholas Sennett Hercules Fistmore Henry Collington Joseph Belcher John Hogg James Folkinthorn Murphy Phill Wagner James Boucher Domingo Buzell Henry Phinlecon Matthew Ephraim Francis Desocja James Fuses Henry Gough William Stewart Alexander McDuff John Indamora Thomas Robertson John Sorrell John Pompey William Cappenger Muster roll of ship Royal Guardian: William Earl Benson, commander George Lindsey Robert Williams Charles Newton Matthew Wood Samuel Napper George Booth John Coats John Heslop Turley Boyles Henry Mason Jonathan Hammond Robert Colton Hillwick Ambrose Newton John Cape William Sidsall Peter Jacobs Peter Eaton Peter Sumpter John Knight Edward Lane William Bothaw David Denman Francis Pawley Matthew Peterson Samuel Easton Joseph Alcock William Mullett Thomas Finch Walter Blay Thomas Cook William Thompson John Rawlerson Richard Turner James Aldridge William Shelley Thomas Been David Jehon Christopher Day
151		148	James Squire William Green Nicholas Jackson John Miller John Burnsides Anthony Ridley William Allen Robt. Scarden Joseph Nicholls Samuel Lee John Richardson John Bruce Robt. Clayton Robt. Clarke Robt. Linton Adrian Stubbings Thomas Salter John Ross John Morriseau George Weeks John Neavell Thomas Ivey John Gough Arth. Butler Thomas Wrench John Trish John Lawrence Jos. Upton Henry Hoswell Thomas Mitchell Samuel Trouncer Robt. Overs Richard Renna William Duncomb John Mills Peter Carey Willam Mandewelt Edwd. Gunn John Flood Jost. Obed Thomas Allen John Tyrrell John Allingham Willoug. Pic. Pictery Benj. Stahoe Matthew Batt Wm. Cornelison Willm. Hurst John Crippen Thomas Fairfax David Dunbar Thos. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	James Squire William Green Nicholas Jackson John Miller John Burnsides Anthony Ridley William Allen Robert Scarden Joseph Nicholls Samuel Lee John Richardson John Bruce Robert Clayton Robert Clarke Robert Linton Adrian Stubbings Thomas Salter John Ross John Morriseau George Wecks John Newell Thomas Ivey John Gough Arthur Butler Thomas Wrench John Irish John Lawrence Joseph Upton Henry Howsell Thomas Mitchell Samuel Trouncer Robert Ovens Richard Renna William Duncomb John Mills Peter Carey William Mandewell Edward Gunn John Flood Josef Cled Thomas Allen John Tyrrell John Allingham William Pickerin Benjamin Stahoe Matthew Batt William Cornelison William Hurst John Crippen Thomas Fairfax Signed, David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling.
152		149	At a Consultation held on the 5. June 1744 at the Castle Present Colle. David Dunbar Governour Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lieut. Govr. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Purling The last consultation was read and Approvd. This day we read a Letter from Mr. Powell acquainting us that he intended to take Passage for England on the Ship Heathcote and therefore desired a Receipt for the Honourable Companys Effects which he Consonant to their Orders had Delivered Upon Which we sent for Mr. Powell and told him we would not give a Receipt, as he had desired untill he had made good or Cleard up what he stood Chargible to to the Honourable Company Mr. James Greentree Petitioned for Liberty to renew a Lease for two Acres of Land Lying in Lemon Valley Granted. The Husband, Gunner and Steward this day Brought in their Accounts which were Examined and Approved and are as follow Account	At a consultation held on 5 June 1744 at the castle, Colonel David Dunbar presided as Governor, with Captain Charles Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor, and Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as council. The council read and approved the previous consultation. The council read a letter from Powell that day, acquainting it that he intended to take passage for England on the ship Heathcote, and therefore requesting a receipt for the Company's effects which he had delivered in accordance with its orders. The council sent for Powell and told him it would not give him the receipt he desired until he had made good or cleared up what he stood chargeable with to the Company. James Greentree petitioned for leave to renew a lease for two acres of land lying in Lemon Valley. The council granted it. The husband, gunner and steward brought in their accounts that day, which were examined and approved and stood as follows.
153		150	Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c. for the Month of May 1744 Vizt. Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ews, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ews, Weathers, Kidds, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total Rem. 1st. May: Bullocks 10, Cows 108, Heifers 37, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 59, Bulls 6, Total 328, Ews 98, Weathers 22, Lambs 26, Rams 3, Total 149, Ews 147, Weathers 47, Kidds 79, Rams 2, Total 275, Sows 38, Barrows 22, Shoats 20, Piggs 10, Boars 3, Total 93, Turkeys 76, Fowls 129, Ducks 28, Geese 5, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Increasd in Do.: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 6, Bulls 0, Total 6, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 2, Rams 0, Total 2, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 9, Rams 0, Total 9, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowls 21, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 10, Cows 108, Heifers 37, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 65, Bulls 6, Total 334, Ews 98, Weathers 22, Lambs 28, Rams 3, Total 151, Ews 147, Weathers 47, Kidds 88, Rams 2, Total 284, Sows 38, Barrows 22, Shoats 20, Piggs 10, Boars 3, Total 93, Turkeys 95, Fowls 200, Ducks 28, Geese 5, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Killed in Do.: Bullocks 6, Cows 3, Heifers 12, Steers 0, Yearlings 4, Calves 1, Bulls 0, Total 22, Ews 0, Weathers 3, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 3, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 2, Rams 0, Total 2, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 9, Fowls 23, Ducks 2, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 4, Cows 105, Heifers 25, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 64, Bulls 6, Total 312, Ews 98, Weathers 19, Lambs 28, Rams 3, Total 148, Ews 147, Weathers 47, Kidds 86, Rams 2, Total 282, Sows 38, Barrows 22, Shoats 20, Piggs 10, Boars 3, Total 93, Turkeys 66, Fowls 177, Ducks 26, Geese 5, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Died in Do.: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowls 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Stole in Do.: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 4, Fowls 0, Ducks 2, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Remaing 31st. Do.: Bullocks 4, Cows 105, Heifers 25, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 64, Bulls 6, Total 312, Ews 98, Weathers 19, Lambs 28, Rams 3, Total 148, Ews 147, Weathers 47, Kidds 86, Rams 2, Total 282, Sows 38, Barrows 22, Shoats 20, Piggs 10, Boars 3, Total 93, Turkeys 62, Fowls 177, Ducks 24, Geese 5, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 655 Beef Expended 59 Veal Do. 986 Beef Sold to Ship Heathcote 1004 Do. Do. Princess of Wales 1004 Do. Do. Haeslingfield 997 Do. Do. Harrington 996 Do. Do. Roy. Guardian 4987 609 Beef delivd. to his Majs. Ship Hector, which was returnd in Salt Provision 21,000 Yams Expended in the Severall Plantations 1 Girl Born the 8. Named Peggy 1 Man Died the 24. Named Tune Aged 38 Years	Account of the Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of May 1744: Remaining 1 May: 40 bullocks, 108 cows, 37 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 59 calves, 6 bulls, total 328 neat cattle; 98 ewes, 22 wethers, 26 lambs, 3 rams, total 149 sheep; 147 ewes, 47 wethers, 79 kids, 2 rams, total 275 goats; 38 sows, 22 barrows, 20 shoats, 10 piggs, 3 boars, total 93 hogs; 76 turkeys, 179 fowls, 28 ducks, 5 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses Increased in ditto: 6 calves, total 6 neat cattle; 2 lambs, total 2 sheep; 9 kids, total 9 goats; 21 fowls Total: 40 bullocks, 108 cows, 37 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 65 calves, 6 bulls, total 334 neat cattle; 98 ewes, 22 wethers, 28 lambs, 3 rams, total 151 sheep; 147 ewes, 47 wethers, 88 kids, 2 rams, total 284 goats; 38 sows, 22 barrows, 20 shoats, 10 piggs, 3 boars, total 93 hogs; 95 turkeys, 200 fowls, 28 ducks, 5 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses Killed in ditto: 6 bullocks, 3 cows, 12 heifers, 4 yearlings, 1 calf, total 22 neat cattle; 3 wethers, total 3 sheep; 2 kids, total 2 goats; 9 fowls, 23 ducks, 2 geese Total: 34 bullocks, 105 cows, 25 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 64 calves, 6 bulls, total 312 neat cattle; 98 ewes, 19 wethers, 28 lambs, 3 rams, total 148 sheep; 147 ewes, 47 wethers, 86 kids, 2 rams, total 282 goats; 38 sows, 22 barrows, 20 shoats, 10 piggs, 3 boars, total 93 hogs; 66 turkeys, 177 fowls, 26 ducks, 5 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses Died in ditto: none Stolen in ditto: 4 turkeys Remaining 31 ditto: 34 bullocks, 105 cows, 25 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 64 calves, 6 bulls, total 312 neat cattle; 98 ewes, 19 wethers, 28 lambs, 3 rams, total 148 sheep; 147 ewes, 47 wethers, 86 kids, 2 rams, total 282 goats; 38 sows, 22 barrows, 20 shoats, 10 piggs, 3 boars, total 93 hogs; 62 turkeys, 177 fowls, 24 ducks, 5 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses 655 lb beef expended 59 lb veal ditto 986 lb beef sold to the ship Heathcote 1,004 lb ditto ditto, Princess of Wales 1,004 lb ditto ditto, Haslingfield 997 lb ditto ditto, Harrington 996 lb ditto ditto, Royal Guardian Total, 4,987 lb 609 lb beef delivered to His Majesty's ship Hector, which was returned in salt provision 21,000 yams expended at the several plantations 1 girl born the 8th, named Peggy 1 man died the 24th, named June, aged 38 years Interpretations The month's fresh beef sales, close to a thousand pounds apiece to four separate China ships within a matter of weeks, show the island's cattle herd functioning as the principal source of fresh provisions for the whole Company shipping season, a demand large enough that the herd's own numbers fell over the same month despite new calves born. The Hector's beef being returned in salt provision, rather than paid for in cash or bills, records a standard exchange between the island and a King's ship, fresh meat traded for durable naval stores of equal reckoned value. Set against the consolidated record, the cattle total had stood at 324 on 31 March and 328 on 30 April before falling to 312 here, a drop of 16 head against a rise of only 6 calves, the sharpest cattle movement recorded since Powell's provisional government ended. Goats, by contrast, continued the steady climb already under way, from 239 in March to 275 in April to 282 now. Yams expended, only 10,000 lb in March, a figure the record had already flagged as unusually low, rose to 24,000 lb in April and remained elevated at 21,000 lb this month. Both movements trace to the same cause: five ships, the Heathcote, Princess of Wales, Haslingfield, Harrington and Royal Guardian, together with His Majesty's ship Hector, all victualled from the island's stock within a few weeks of each other, a concentration of shipping far heavier than the near-empty road of March, and one the poultry count also register, turkeys falling from 76 to 62 partly through four birds stolen amid the unusual traffic through the stores.
154		151	Gunners Stores expended in May 1744 Guns Fird, Shott Fird, 9 Pounders, 6 Do, 4 Do, 3 Do, 2 Do, ½ Do, Powder Expended 3d. To Bring down some loose Rocks Sgd. Drace: Guns Fird 3, Shott Fird 3, 9 Pounders 3, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 24 14 To a double Alarm: Guns Fird 9, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 3, 3 Do 3, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 3, Powder Expended 10¾ Do. To Salute the Haslingfield Capt. Halden: Guns Fird 9, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 9, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 9 Do. To Salute a Dane Ship: Guns Fird 9, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 9, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 9 Do. To an Allarm: Guns Fird 6, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 2, 3 Do 2, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 2, Powder Expended 13 15 To Salute the Princess of Wales Capt. Harvy: Guns Fird 9, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 9, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 9 Do. To a double Alarm for 4 Ships: Guns Fird 15, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 6, 3 Do 6, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 3, Powder Expended 37½ Do. To Salute the Ships Duke, Salisbury, Mumford & Warwick: Guns Fird 21, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 1, 4 Do 6, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 14, Powder Expended 45 Do. To Bring Do. too: Guns Fird 1, Shott Fird 1, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 1, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 7 16. To an Alarm at Sturks Cap: Guns Fird 2, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 2, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 6 Do. To Do. at Prosperous Bay: Guns Fird 6, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 2, 3 Do 2, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 2, Powder Expended 13 Do. To Salute the Royal Guardian Capt. Benson: Guns Fird 9, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 9, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 9 18 To an Alarm at Bankts for the Harrington Capt. Scoulis: Guns Fird 2, Shott Fird 2, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 2, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 14 Do. To Do. at the Bay for Do.: Guns Fird 6, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 2, 3 Do 2, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 2, Powder Expended 13 Do. To Salute Do.: Guns Fird 9, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 9, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 9 22 To an Alarm: Guns Fird 6, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 2, 3 Do 2, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 2, Powder Expended 13 Do. To Salute a French Ship: Guns Fird 9, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 9, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 9 Do. To Salute the Dane Ship at her Departure: Guns Fird 9, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 9, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 9 29 To Doub. Alarm for three Ships & past by: Guns Fird 11, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 4, 3 Do 4, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 3, Powder Expended 21½ Do. To Bring Do. too at Bankts: Guns Fird 4, Shott Fird 4, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 4, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 28 Do. To Do. at Ruperts: Guns Fird 2, Shott Fird 2, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 2, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 14 Do. To Do. at Munden's Point: Guns Fird 1, Shott Fird 1, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 1, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 7 Do. To Salute the French Ship at her Departure: Guns Fird 7, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 7, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 9 To Priming: Guns Fird 0, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 15 To the Governours Use: Guns Fird 0, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 7¾ To the Blaster: Guns Fird 0, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 18 To the Out Ports and Exercizing: Guns Fird 0, Shott Fird 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Do 0, 4 Do 0, 3 Do 0, 2 Do 0, ½ Do 0, Powder Expended 101¼ Total: Guns Fird 165, Shott Fird 13, 9 Pounders 3, 6 Do 11, 4 Do 6, 3 Do 23, 2 Do 21, ½ Do 84, Powder Expended 609 Match 98 lb Paper 9 Quire Lead Shott for pistll Pouches 30 Handspikes 25 (Signd) John French	Gunner's stores expended in May 1744: 2nd, to bring down some loose rocks for the Governor's use: 3 guns fired, 3 shot fired, 3 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 25 lb powder 14th, to a double alarm: 9 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, 3 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 50.5 lb powder Ditto, to salute the Haslingfield, Captain Ralston: 9 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 9 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 9 lb powder Ditto, to salute a Danish ship: 9 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 9 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 9 lb powder Ditto, to an alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 2 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 13 lb powder 15th, to salute the Princess of Wales, Captain Harry: 9 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 9 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 9 lb powder Ditto, to a double alarm for four ships: 15 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 6 three-pounders, 6 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 37.5 lb powder Ditto, to salute the ships Duke, Salusbury, Marlborough and Warwick: 21 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 1 six-pounder, 6 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 14 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 45 lb powder Ditto, to bring ditto too: 1 gun fired, 0 shot fired, 1 nine-pounder, 0 six-pounders, 1 four-pounder, 0 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 7 lb powder 16th, to an alarm at Turks Cap: 2 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 6 lb powder Ditto, to ditto at Prosperous Bay: 6 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 2 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 13 lb powder Ditto, to salute the Royal Guardian, Captain Benson: 9 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 9 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 9 lb powder 18th, to an alarm at Bankses for the Harrington, Captain Coutts, should be: 2 guns fired, 2 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 2 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 14 lb powder Ditto, to ditto at the bay for ditto: 6 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 2 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 13 lb powder Ditto, to salute ditto: 9 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 9 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 9 lb powder 21st, to an alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 2 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 13 lb powder 22nd, to salute a French ship: 9 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 9 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 9 lb powder Ditto, to salute the Danish ship at her departure: 9 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 9 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 9 lb powder 25th, to a double alarm for three ships that passed by: 11 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 3 four-pounders, 4 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 32.5 lb powder Ditto, to bring ditto too at Bankses: 4 guns fired, 4 shot fired, 4 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 28 lb powder Ditto, to ditto at Ruperts: 2 guns fired, 2 shot fired, 2 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 14 lb powder Ditto, to ditto at Mundens Point: 1 gun fired, 1 shot fired, 1 nine-pounder, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 7 lb powder Ditto, to salute the French ship at her departure: 7 guns fired, 0 shot fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 7 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 9 lb powder To priming: 15 lb powder To the Governor's use: 9.75 lb powder To the blaster: 10 lb powder To the out ports and exercising: 15.5 lb powder Total: 165 guns fired, 13 shot fired, 11 nine-pounders, 6 six-pounders, 23 four-pounders, 21 three-pounders, 84 two-pounders, 0 half-pounders, 509 lb powder Match, 98 lb Paper, 9 quire Lead shot for pistol practice, 30 lb Handspikes, 25 Sponge staves, 2 Spunge heads, 2 Rammer heads, 2 Sacks, 2 Sompions, 12 Ladles, 1 Shovels, 3 Signed, John French. Expended. Interpretations May's powder total of 509 lb, against 281.5 lb in April and 227 lb in March, ran to more than double the quiet month recorded at Powell's departure, the direct consequence of the extraordinary run of shipping already noted in the livestock account, six vessels saluted in barely three weeks against none at all through most of the winter. The repeated alarms raised for ships still unidentified, at Turks Cap, Prosperous Bay, Bankses, Ruperts and Mundens Point in quick succession before a salute could be fired, show the outlying batteries functioning exactly as the fortification report of 1 May had proposed treating them, as tripwires to track an approaching sail along the coast until the vessel closed enough for the main battery to answer her properly.
155		152	Expended for the Use of the Generall Table in ye May 1744 Vizt. 115 Bottles Port Wine 7 16 11¾ 70 Do. Lisbon Do. 14 15 6¾ 6 Do. Red Cape Do. . 8 3 17 Do. White Do. Do. 1 3 4½ 34 Do. Madera Do. 2 11 . 2 Do. Old Hock 139 Do. Beer 1 6 3 8 Do. Florence Oil 1 . . 73 Gallons Arrack 13 12 . 1cwt Sugar 1 2 11 60 lb Candy . 18 9 2 Pepper . 1 . 2¾ Casks Flower 4 4 1¾ 2 Bushels Salt . 11 8 20 P. Salt Pork 1 16 8 3 Sheep 3 . . 1 Calf wt. 39 1 9 6 635 lb Fresh Beef 7 7 1 9 Turkeys 2 5 . 2 Chicks . 16 . 23 Fowls 1 14 6 2 Ducks . 3 . 90 lb Butter 4 10 . 25 lb Cheese 1 5 . 63 12 8¾ This day Counted the Honble Companys Cash and found the Amount of £2088.12.3¾ in the following Species Vizt. 8011 Dollars at 5s. Ea. 2002 15 . 176 Double Rials 1/3 Ea. 11 . . 871 Pagodas at 9s. Ea. 391 19 . 1 Piece Gold wt. 11.15.14 at £3.18.3¾g 46 1 8½ Carried over£2451 15 8½	Expended for the use of the general table in May 1744: 115 bottles port wine, £14 16s 11.5d 70 ditto Lisbon ditto, £8 15s 6.5d 6 ditto red Cape ditto, £0 8s 3d 17 ditto white ditto ditto, £1 3s 4.5d 34 ditto Madeira ditto, £2 11s 0d 2 ditto old hock, £1 6s 3d 139 ditto beer, £1 0s 0d 8 ditto Florence oil, £13 12s 0d 73 gallons arrack, £1 2s 11d 100 lb sugar, £0 18s 9d 60 lb candy, £0 1s 0d 2 lb pepper, £4 4s 1.5d 2.5 casks flour, £0 11s 8d 2 bushels salt, £1 16s 8d 20 lb salt pork, £3 0s 0d 3 sheep, £1 9s 6d 1 calf weighing 59 lb, £7 7s 1d 655 lb fresh beef, £2 5s 0d 9 turkeys, £0 10s 0d 2 chicks, £1 14s 6d 23 fowls, £0 3s 0d 2 ducks, £4 10s 0d 90 lb butter, £1 5s 0d 25 lb cheese, £63 12s 8.5d Total, £63 12s 8.5d The council counted the Company's cash that day and found the amount to be £2,988 12s 3.25d, in the following species: 8,011 dollars at 5s each, £2,002 15s 0d 176 double reals at 1s 3d each, £11 0s 0d 891 pagodas at 9s each, £391 19s 0d 1 parcel of gold weighing 11 lb 15 oz 14 dwt at £3 18s 3.25d, £46 1s 8.5d Carried over, £2,451 15s 8.25d Interpretations Set against the £61 10s 7.75d recorded for April's table, May's £63 12s 8.5d held roughly steady even as the household drew on an exceptional run of shipping for fresh meat, the wine bill again dominated by port, Lisbon, Cape and Madeira bought and entered side by side. The second full cash count within the month, following the one already taken at the start of May, shows the council maintaining the same close verification of Company money that had run through the whole Powell audit, checking the physical species in hand rather than relying on the book balance alone.
156		153	Brought over£2451.15.8½ 1 P. Gold wt. 3.9.12 at £3.18. . 13 11 - Odd money 4 5 6½ Cash Notes Amounting to 519 . . £2988.12.3 David Dunbar Chas. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling At a Consultation held on the 6. June 1744 at the Castle Present Colle. David Dunbar Govr. Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lieut. Govr. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Purling Mr. Page Mr. Martin Mr. Hudson Supercargoes Mr. Searle Mr. Borrow Capt. Halden Capt. Scoulis Capt. Harry On the 5th. Instant Arrived his Majestys Ship the Sutherland Capt. Brooke Comander We sent for Mr. Powell and asked him if he would Answer, or Endeavour to Clear up any of the Articles he stood Chargable with, a Copy of wch. was given him in Consultation of 1. May & Entred thereupon	Brought over, £2,451 15s 8.25d 1 parcel silver weighing 3 oz 0 dwt 18 grains at £3 18s, £13 11s 0.25d Old money, £4 5s 6.5d Cash notes amounting to, £519 0s 0d Total, £2,988 12s 3d Signed, David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling. At a consultation held on 6 June 1744 at the castle, Colonel David Dunbar presided as Governor, with Captain Charles Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor, and Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as council. Page, Martin, Hodgson, Searle and Borrow attended as supercargoes, together with Captains Ralston, Coutts and Harry. The council recorded that His Majesty's ship Sutherland, Captain Brook, commander, had arrived on 5 June. The council sent for Powell and asked him whether he would answer or endeavour to clear up any of the articles he stood chargeable with, a copy of which had been given him and entered in the consultation of 1 May, whereupon he Interpretations The presence of five named supercargoes and three ship's captains at this consultation, an unusually large attendance for an ordinary council day, reflects the same convergence of shipping already traced through May's livestock and gunner's accounts, with commercial representatives of several vessels still in the road when the council turned again to press Powell for his answer.
157		154	Mr. Powell Answered that he had Delivered up every Part of the Companys Effects and that what we Chargd him wth. were either Broke wore out or Lost, that he had nothing in his Possession belonging to ye Company and therefore Denied haveing Embezzled any Part of their Estate there, & would give no other Answer, & desired us to Sign the following Receipt wch. he Presented Vizt. Received of George Gabriel Powell the Honble the United East Indias Companys Estate upon this their Island St. Helena 6. June 1744. Upon which it was agreed to Send Mr. Powell the following Letter Vizt. To, George Gabriel Powell Esqr. Sir. Your Letter of the 5. Instant we have now lying before Us, wherein you say to prevent Mistakes, That you take Care again to tell Us you intend to take passage for England On the Heathcote in Order to pay your Duty to the Honble. Court of Directors & desire we would give you a Receipt for all the Companys Effects you have Consonant to their Orders delivered up We now acquaint you as we have done before that you have not Accounted for or delivered up all the Companies Effects to Us as you have Asserted. We gave you a Charge in Consultation of the first of May, and at that time desird your Answer in Writing	Powell answered that he had delivered up every part of the Company's effects, and that whatever the council charged him with was either broken, worn out or lost, that he had nothing in his possession belonging to the Company, and therefore denied having embezzled any part of its estate there. He would give no other answer, and asked the council to sign the following receipt which he presented. The receipt read: received of George Gabriel Powell the Honourable United East India Company's estate upon this island of St Helena, 6 June 1744. The council agreed to send Powell the following letter, addressed to George Gabriel Powell Esquire. The council wrote that it now had before it his letter of the 5th, in which he said he wrote to prevent mistakes, that the council should take care again to tell him he intended to take passage for England on the Heathcote in order to pay his duty to the Court of Directors, and desired the council would give him a receipt for all the Company's effects he had delivered up in accordance with its orders. The council acquainted him again, as it had done before, that he had not accounted for or delivered up all the Company's effects to it as he had asserted. It had given him a charge in the consultation of 1 May, and at that time desired his answer in writing.
158		155	Writing to the Several Articles therein Mentioned wch. you have not yet done. As it is Our duty to see the Honble. Company secured in Every Respect, We must therefore Acquaint you that Unless you pay Us the Amount of what Appears to Us to be due from you to them, Or give Us good Security to Answer any demands they may have upon you On that Account We cannot Permit you to go from this Island 7. June 1744. Thomas Alcock a Soldier Made the following Complaint against Mr. Powell Vizt. That some time ago Mr. Powell gave him some hair in Order to make him a Wiggband being unfitt for the purpose he Alcock Made Mr. Powells Wigg of some Hair, which he had by him, And when he Carried it to the said Mr. Powell, he fell into a Passion wth. the said Alcock, and directed Will. Oatman a Serjeant to take Alcock, upon his Back, & Ordered a Black Boy Called Gauwer, to give him 30 Lashes upon his Bare Breech wch. he accordingly did & Mr. Powell stood in the Room & lookd on. Mr. Powell acknowledged he gave Orders to the Black Boy Gauwer to whip Alcock wth. Bircbes but that he had not above 6 or 7 lashes in Order to Shame him The following is an Account how the Factors and Writers are Employed Vizt. Mr. Robt. Wright Factor Mr. Thomas Trench Writer in the Secretarys Office Mr. Joseph Darvall Writer in the Accomptants Office Mr. James Powell Do. Margin Notes: The Heathcote sailed on 24. June, and as there was nothing more about Mr. Powell after that date I suppose he went by it. J.M	The council had asked for his written answer to the several articles set out in that charge, which he had still not given. As it was the council's duty to see the Company secured in every respect, it therefore acquainted Powell that unless he paid the amount appearing due from him to the Company, or gave good security to answer any demands it might have upon him, the council could not permit him to leave the island. Dated 7 June 1744. Thomas Alcock, a soldier, made the following complaint against Powell. Some time before, Powell had given him some hair to make into a wig, and finding it unfit for the purpose, Alcock had made Powell a wig from hair of his own instead. When he brought it to Powell, Powell fell into a passion with him and ordered Sergeant William Oatman to hold Alcock across his back, then ordered a slave boy called Gawer to give him thirty lashes on his bare backside, which the boy did while Powell stood by and watched. Powell acknowledged he had ordered the slave boy Gawer to whip Alcock with a switch, but said he had given no more than six or seven lashes, meant only to shame him. The council recorded the following account of how the factors and writers were employed. Robert Wright, factor, and Thomas French, writer, served in the secretary's office. Joseph Darvall, writer, and James Powell, ditto, served in the accountant's office. Interpretations A later hand noted in the margin that the Heathcote sailed in June and nothing further was heard of Powell after that date, from which it was supposed he had gone with her, leaving the council's demand for payment or security unresolved on the record as it stood. Powell's own account of the flogging, admitting the order but understating the number of lashes against Alcock's sworn figure of thirty, follows the same pattern of minimisation running through his answers to every charge in the audit, the punishment itself, ordered over a wig judged unsatisfactory and carried out by a slave boy on his own master's order, showing how casually violence could be turned on both a soldier and the slave compelled to inflict it.
159		156	Mr. Francis Wrangham Factor Assistant Storekeeper Mr. Joshua Twynam Factor, to be Employd where most wanted. David Dunbar Thos. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling At a Consultation held on the 12. June 1744 at the Castle Present Colle. David Dunbar Governour Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lieut. Govr. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Purling Messrs. Richard Beale and Marten Harper Church Wardens presented the following Complaint against Mr. Powell in Behalf of the Inhabitants Vizt. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Governour & Council The Complaint of the Inhabitants this day assembled at a Vestry Most humbly Sheweth & Sheweth That	Francis Wrangham, factor, served as assistant storekeeper, and Joshua Twynam, factor, was to be employed where most wanted. Signed, David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling. At a consultation held on 12 June 1744 at the castle, Colonel David Dunbar presided as Governor, with Captain Charles Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor, and Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as council. Richard Beale and Martin Harper, churchwardens, presented the following complaint against Powell on behalf of the inhabitants, addressed to David Dunbar, Governor, and the council. The complaint set out that the inhabitants, assembled that day at a vestry, most humbly showed that
160		157	That your Complainants having Enquired into the Disposal of the Money Subscribd by Us for the Buildaing a Church in the Country, and by the Accounts and Papers laid before Us in a Memorial of that Whole Affair by Mr. Rich Beale the Church Warden, We find the facts mentioned therein is very Agreable to truth many of which we can affirm upon our own Knowledge, And we have great Cause to say we have been greatly Injured & Imposed upon by Mr. Geo. Gab. Powell the then Governour, who by his own Averseness & Private Interest did forcibly Carry on the Buildaing wch. said Church Contrary to the Will & design of Us who having got a Subscriptiom of £236. there remains of the said Money but £3. and no More done to the Buildaing than the Walls got up & Roofed and a great part of the Walls not finished and in bad Condition being much Shaken by the fall of both Ends of the Church by the raines that set in February last. We are very Certain that if the said Buildaing had been Carried on at our Descretion & Leasure the Charge would not Amounted to above Half of what has been laid out And he not only forcibly carried on the Buildaing but Employed bad Workmen and Imposd upon Us a Price of Timber for the Sum of £20. wch. was not Actually worth more that Six or Seven Pounds when Applied to the Use of Building We Humbly Submit the Justice of these Proceedings to your Censure desiring that Mr. Geo. Gab. Powell may be Provd to give an Account of these Unjust Proceedings and if found Culpable he may be Obliged to make Satisfaction to Worshipfull Sr and Sirs Your most Obeident and Humble Servants St. Helena June the 11 1744. Rich. Beale Marten Harper Church wardens By Order of the Vestry	The complainants stated that, having inquired into the disposal of the money subscribed for building a church in the country, and having examined the accounts and papers laid before them in a memorial of the whole affair by Richard Beale, churchwarden, they found the facts stated there very agreeable to the truth, many of which they could affirm from their own knowledge. They stated that the inhabitants had been greatly injured and imposed upon by Powell, the then Governor, who through his own wilfulness and private interest had forced on the building of the church contrary to the wishes and design of the subscribers. Of the £236 subscribed, only £36 remained, and no more had been done to the building than raising and roofing the walls, a great part of which stood unfinished and in poor condition, much weakened by the fall of both ends of the church during the rains that had set in the previous February. The complainants declared themselves certain that, had the building been carried on at their own discretion and pace, the cost would have amounted to no more than half of what had been laid out, and that Powell had not only forced the work along but employed poor workmen and charged the subscribers £20 for a piece of timber actually worth no more than six or seven pounds once put to use in the building. The complainants humbly submitted the justice of these proceedings to the council's judgement, desiring that Powell be obliged to give an account of his conduct in the matter, and if found culpable, be obliged to make satisfaction. Signed, Richard Beale and Martin Harper, churchwardens, by order of the vestry, St Helena, 11 June 1744. Interpretations The church subscription follows the pattern already fully established through the audit, private control of Company or public money used to force through work at inflated cost and with inferior materials, extended here from the Company's own stores and land into a voluntary parish subscription, showing the same conduct applied wherever Powell held discretion over money that was not strictly his own. The collapse of both gable ends in the February rains, on a building already two-thirds spent with the walls unfinished, gave the vestry's estimate of what proper, unforced construction would have cost a concrete measure rather than mere grievance, the ruined walls standing as physical evidence of the shortfall between what had been paid and what had been built.
161		158	Mr. Powell being Present at this reading the above Petition, Answered Concerning the Timber, that it Actually Cost him Twenty Pounds and to Convince them he would Shew a Receipt for it, and said that he asked Mr. Beale the then Church Warden whether he would have the Piece of Timber or the Twenty Pounds he had Subscribed towards the Building of the Church. Mr. Beale Declared that Mr. Powell never made any such Proposal to him as he said he did. Mr. John French Sen. Church Warden Says that Mr. Powell told him that he would Either give them the Money he had Subscribed or the Piece of Timber. Mr. French, Mr. Beale Mr. Harper Mr. Wrangham, Mr. Goodwin Mr. Greentree Mr. John Desfountain and Mr. Samuel Doveton, all declare it was Intirely against the Sence of the Vestry the Church, Should be Built the last Year and that it had now Cost them, by the Management of Mr. Powell who took the Whole upon Himself, double the Money it ought to have done, and Mr. Wrangham Declares that the peice of Timber Mr. Powell, Chargd them Twenty Pounds for was not worth more on Building than five or Six Pounds. Mr. Powell Said that Mr. Lace and some others in the Shiping last Year Subscribed about £6o, towards the Building of the Church, and that they left Orders wth. him in Case the Church was not Built that Year, to return them their Money again, this was his Sole reason for his Investing upon its being Built the Last Year. Mr. Alvich Chaplain says that the Money, Subscribed by the Gentlemen, Last Year towards the Building	Powell, present at the reading of the petition, answered concerning the timber that it had actually cost him twenty pounds, and to convince the council he would produce a receipt for it. He said he had asked Beale, then churchwarden, whether he would rather have the piece of timber or the twenty pounds Powell had subscribed towards the building of the church. Beale declared that Powell had never made him any such proposal as he claimed. John French, the second churchwarden, said Powell had told him he would either give the vestry the money he had subscribed or the piece of timber. French, Beale, Harper, Wrangham, Goodwin, Greentree, John Desfountain and Samuel Doveton all declared it was entirely against the sense of the vestry that the church should have been built the previous year, and that it had now cost them, through Powell's management, double what it ought to have done, since he had taken the whole work upon himself. Wrangham declared that the piece of timber for which Powell had charged them twenty pounds was worth no more than five or six pounds put to use in the building. Powell said that Lake and others among the shipping the previous year had subscribed about £80 towards building the church, and had left orders with him that if the church was not built that year, the money should be returned to them, and that this was his sole reason for insisting it be built the previous year. The chaplain, Alevick, said that the money subscribed by the gentlemen the previous year towards the building Interpretations Powell remained on the island and present in person to answer the church complaint on 12 June, a week after telling the council on 5 June that he intended to take passage on the Heathcote and after the council had told him on 7 June it could not permit him to leave until he paid what was due or gave security. The record shows his stated intention checked by that condition, not yet carried out, which fits rather than contradicts the margin note recorded against the earlier letter, that the Heathcote sailed in June and nothing more was heard of him after she left, since that note marks only when he was eventually presumed to have gone, not the date of this consultation itself.
162		159	Building of the Church was left in his hands and Mr. Lace one of the Subscribers Directed him that in Case they did not Sett about it to Write to him and he would Acquaint him how to dispose of the Money he had Subscribd. Upon Considering the Premises We were of Opinion that we could not determine this Affair. The following Petition was presented and read Vizt. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Govr. & Council. The Humble Petition of Thomas Easthope Marten Harper and Gabriel Harper. Sheweth. That your Petitioners haveing a Petition about Business to present on Consultation in the Year 1740 had a Petition drawn by their Secretary, delivered the same after it was Signed, to him to lay before the Council and they Constantly Gave their Attendance, and waited from the Begening of April to the latter End of May in the aforesaid Year, in Order to have their said Petition Heard, but there were never any Consultations held Publickly, According to the Usuall Custom by beat of Drum and beleve Hoisted during the Aforesaid time, Although your Petitioners find on Searching the Consultation Books that there were Several Held Privately during that time, And your Petitioners by reason of the said Consultations being held Privately, never had their Petition Examined or Answered by wch. your Petitioners have receivd Considera ble Loss thereby Your Petioners therefore Humbly beg, that they may be admitted to prove that there were no Consultations held Publickly According for aforesaid Usual Manner during ye Term aforesaid (Signd) Alexr. Easthope Marn. Harper Gab. Harper St. Helena 14. June 1744	The chaplain, Alevick, continued that the building of the church had been left in Powell's hands, and that Lake, one of the subscribers, had directed him that if the money had not been spent on it, he was to write and be told how it had been disposed of. On considering the matter, the council was of the opinion that it could not determine the affair. The council then received and read the following petition, addressed to David Dunbar, Governor, and the council. Thomas Easthope, Martin Harper and Gabriel Harper petitioned that, having a petition about business to present to a consultation in 1740, drawn up by the then secretary, they delivered it after it was signed to be laid before the council, and constantly gave their attendance, waiting from the beginning of April to the latter end of May that year to have their petition heard, but no consultations were held publicly, according to the usual custom of announcement by beat of drum, during that time. They stated that although, on searching the consultation books, several consultations appeared to have been held privately during that period, their petition, by reason of the consultations being held privately, had never been examined or answered, and by that means they had received no satisfaction. They therefore humbly prayed that they might be admitted to prove that no consultations had been held publicly as aforesaid, in the usual manner during the term aforesaid, and that they might be heard accordingly. Signed, Thomas Easthope, Martin Harper, Gabriel Harper, St Helena, 14 June 1744. Interpretations Easthope and the Harpers' complaint, that consultations had been held privately rather than announced publicly by drum in the usual manner, points to the same underlying grievance running through Powell's whole provisional government, decisions made without the ordinary scrutiny custom required, whether in council business kept from the inhabitants or in Company money and materials kept from proper account, the petitioners here seeking four years later to reopen a matter shut out at the time by that same lack of open process.
163		160	Upon reading ye above Petition Mr. Martin Harper Desired, Messrs. Rich. Beale, & Rich. Goodwin might be Asked whether there were any Publick Consultations held in ye Months of April & May in ye Year 1740 who declard to the best of their Knowledge, that there were no Publick Consultations held during that time, Mr. Geo. Gab. Powell Powell being then Pt. of Council and Secretary Declares the same. Mr. Peter Paul a Passenger on Board the Ship Heathcote Desired we would register ye following Bill of Lading Vizt. Shiped in Good Order and well Conditiond by Peter Paul in and upon the Good Ship Called the Heathcote Whereof is Master under God for this Present Voyage Captain Jonathan Cape and now Riding at Anchor in the road of Madras and by Gods Grace bound for the Port of London, to say two Chests of Rhubarb and two Parcells of Rubbeys being markd and Numbrd as in the Margent & are to be delivered, in like Good Order, & well Conditiond, at the aforesaid port of London (the danger of the Seas only Excepted) unto Peter Paul or to his Assigns he they paying Freight, for the said Goods wth. Primage & Avarage, Accistomed (In Wittness Whereof ye Master or Purser, of ye Said Ship have Affirmd to two Bills of Lading, all this Tennor & date, ye one of wch. Bills being Accomplished ye other to Stand Void) I do God send the Good Ship, to her desird Port in Safety Dated in Madras, February ye 8 1744, Insiae and Contents unknown to (Signd) Jonathan Cape, Endorsed in ye. Back Vizt. These things are not to be delivered till he has paid Capt. Jonathan Cape, the sum of one Hundred Pounds	On reading the petition, Harper asked that Beale and Goodwin might be asked whether any public consultations had been held in the months of April and May 1740, and both declared to the best of their knowledge that no public consultations had been held during that time, Powell then being fourth of council and secretary and deposing the same. Peter Paul, a passenger aboard the ship Heathcote, asked the council to register the following bill of lading, that he had shipped in good order and well conditioned aboard the good ship Heathcote, whereof Jonathan Cape was master under God for the present voyage, now riding at anchor in the road of Madras and, by God's grace, bound for the port of London, two chests of rhubarb and two parcels of Bombay marked and numbered as in the margin, to be delivered in like good order and condition at the port of London, the danger of the seas only excepted, to Peter Paul or his assigns, they paying freight for the goods with primage and average as accustomed, in witness whereof the master had affirmed to two bills of lading of the same tenor and date, one being accomplished the other to stand void. Dated at Madras, 8 February 1744. Signed, Jonathan Cape. Endorsed on the back that the goods were not to be delivered until the sum of one hundred pounds had been paid to Cape. Interpretations Beale and Goodwin's confirmation that no public consultations had been held in April and May 1740, given under Harper's questioning before the council itself, vindicated the petitioners' claim four years after their original complaint went unanswered, with Powell's own admission, then serving as secretary and fourth of council in 1740, closing off any doubt about the accuracy of the record he had himself kept at the time. Peter Paul's bill of lading, registered here as a private commercial document rather than council business, shows the council's minute book doubling as a public record office for passengers and merchants wanting formal proof of shipment, rhubarb being a valuable medicinal drug commonly carried from Madras on the Company's own account as well as by private trade.
164		161	paid Sterling Money for his Passage, and bringing these things in the Ship Heathcote as Witness my Hand the 8th. day of January 1744. (Signd) Peter Paul. Mr. Peter Paul at the same time desired the following might be Entered Vizt. January the 8th. 1744 Agreed wth. Peter Paul for his Passage in the Heathcote to England for wch. he is to pay a Hundred and fifty Pagodas at 9 Shillings and to have an Apartment in ye Great Cabbin, & to Eat at the Capts. Table as Witness my Hand. (Signd) Jonathan Cape. Mr. Robert Wright delivered in the following Letter Vizt. Worshipfull Sir & Sirs In Answer to a Paragraph in Consultation of 25 March Last wherein I am Accused of altering Accounts as Goods taken out of the Honble Companys Stores and Placed them to Charges General & Diet Expences, Although made Use of by Mr. Powell, Give me leave to assure you that theese Charged easy Articles to any General Head shewing Mr. Powell Applyd it to his Own Use. Mr. Powell when Governour, Always Sent to send down Orders under his Hand, for all such Goods as were to be Issued from ye Stores on the Companies Account wch. Orders where Entered under their Several Heads and which are now in your Possession. In Settling Accounts wth. Mr. Powell on Govr. Dunbars Arrival, he Mentioned a Particular of Several things to be	Peter Paul acknowledged having received sterling money for his passage and for bringing these things in the ship Heathcote, and set his hand to it on 8 January 1744. Signed, Peter Paul. Peter Paul at the same time asked the following might be entered. Dated 28 January 1744, agreed with Peter Paul for his passage in the Heathcote to England, for which he was to pay one hundred and fifty pagodas at 9 shillings and to have an apartment in the great cabin and to eat at the captain's table. Witness my hand. Signed, Jonathan Cape. Robert Wright delivered in the following letter, addressed to the worshipful sir and council. In answer to a paragraph in the consultation of 25 March last, wherein Wright was accused of altering accounts as goods taken out of the Company's stores and placed to charges general and diet expenses although made use of by Powell, he asked leave to assure the council that he never charged easily to any general head, showing that Powell applied it to his own use. Powell, when Governor, had always given orders under his own hand for whatever goods were to be issued from the stores on the Company's account, which orders were entered under their several heads and were now in the council's possession. In settling accounts with Powell on Governor Dunbar's arrival, Powell had mentioned a particular of several things to be added.
165		162	deducted from the General Heads, which he said he had Used himself One (as I had not made up my Collections) my Books being no Other, than my Own private Minutes & Memorandums of what was Issued out of the Stores, and not Collected into any form nor design for any thing but to Assist me in preparing my Collections for the proper Entrys in the Companys Books, I called the same to Mr. Powells Account of which I have made a Memorandum at the Bottom of my Collections, and have also in Obeance to your directions Collected them under theese Several proper General Heads Agreeing to Mr. Powells written Orders and they Stand Chiefly so Charged in my Books now in your Custody for I never knew they were Issued out for any other Intent than for what Such Orders Specifid till I received Noice thereof from Mr. Powell very lately. I am With all Respect St. Helena 14. June 1744. Worshipfull Sir & Sirs Your Most Obedient Servant (Signd) Robt. Wright. This day Arrived the Honble. Companies Ship Princess Amelia Capt. Samuel Martin Comander from Bengall, & brought Us the following Supplys Vizt. Invoice of Ship Princess Amelia Vizt. A No. 13 to 18 Arrach Batavia 6 Half Leaguers contg. Gall. 480: at 130 p Leag. Mh. 390. Batta 10 p. Cent. 39. 429 . . Carried over 429 . .	Wright wrote that he had deducted these items from the general heads, which he said he had used himself, since he had made up his collections and his books were nothing other than his own private minutes and memoranda of what was issued out of the stores, not collected into any form or design for anything but to assist him in preparing his collections for the proper entries in the Company's books, which he added to Powell's account, of which he had made a memorandum at the bottom of his collections. He had also, in obedience to the council's directions, collected them under their several proper general heads according to Powell's written orders, and they stood chiefly so charged in his books now in the council's custody, for he had never known they were issued out for any other intent than what such orders specified, until he had received notice of it from Powell very lately. He signed himself with all respect, worshipful sir and sirs, your most obedient servant, Robert Wright, St Helena, 14 June 1744. The council recorded that the Company's ship Princess Amelia, Captain Samuel Martin, conveyance, arrived from Bengal that day and brought the following supplies. Invoice of ship Princess Amelia: A N° 13 to 18, Batavia arrack, 6 half leaguers containing 480 gallons at 130 rupees per leaguer, 390 rupees Batta at 10 per cent, 39 rupees Total, 429 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Carried over, 429 rupees 0 annas 0 pies Interpretations Wright's letter mirrors Powell's own defence in the audit, that goods issued from the stores were charged under general heads on written authority he had followed without question, and turns Powell's earlier attempt to blame the clerks for his private diversions back onto Powell himself, since the orders Wright now produced under his own hand were the very instrument that had let him draw stores for his own use while the books recorded them as legitimate Company charges.
166		163	R. No. 1 to 118 Rice fine 113 Bags Contg. Neat wt. 230. Gross wt. 133.1.10 at 31.-.4 p Rupee. 294 6 6 S No. 1 to 7 Sugar Sesunda 7 Bags Contg. Neat wt. Bt. 15. 16 is 10.1.2 at 15 Rupees p Bagg. 105.- Batta 10 p. Cent. 10. 8 115 8 . W.C No. 1 to 2 Wax Candles 2 Chests Contg. Neat wt. 4. Gross wt. 2.2.19 at 43 p. lb. 172 . . S.E.h. Seedbeends 1 1 Bale Contg. 100 lb at Mt. 3.1 p lb. 325.- Batta 10 p. Cent. 32.8.- 357 8 . Charges Merchandize 1368 6 6 Bags and Sewing 26.6.9 2 Chests and 1 Bale Embaleing 10.10.- Mattras 6.12.- Peon and Soldier 7.8.- Boat Hire 32.- 83 1 9 Currt. Rupees 1451 11 3 EE. of Wm. Brecht. Bavey. Mr. Dixon Reports that he hath been on Board the Princess Amelia to Search for Deserters but found None the Muster Roll is follows Vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Princess Amelia Vizt. Samuel Marten Comr. Best Walter Harvey Heaton Clark Anthl. Hyman Geo. Ping Sam Bruesly Jer. Bromley Thos. Phillips Mich. Cope.	Brought over, 429 rupees 0 annas 0 pies R N° 1 to 118, rice fine, 113 bags containing net weight 230 maunds 1.10, at 37.4 per rupee, 294 rupees 6 annas 6 pies S N° 1 to 7, sugar fresinda, 7 bags containing net weight 13 maunds 16 to 10 maunds 1.2, at 15 rupees per bag, 105 rupees Batta at 10 per cent, 10 rupees 8 annas Total, 115 rupees 8 annas W.C N° 1 to 2, wax candles, 2 chests containing net weight 7 maunds 4 seers, or 2 candy 2.10, at 43 rupees per maund, 192 rupees 0 annas 0 pies S.E.h N° 1, seerbands, 1 bale containing 100 pieces at 3 rupees 4 annas per piece, 325 rupees Batta at 10 per cent, 32 rupees 8 annas Total, 357 rupees 8 annas Charges merchandise: Bags and sewing, 26 rupees 6 annas 9 pies 2 chests and 1 bale embaling, 10 rupees 10 annas Mats, 6 rupees 12 annas Peons and coolies, 7 rupees 8 annas Boat hire, 32 rupees Total, 83 rupees 4 annas 9 pies Current rupees, 1,451 rupees 11 annas 3 pies Errors excepted, signed William Brecht, purser. Dixon reported that he had been aboard the Princess Amelia to search for deserters but found none. The muster roll was as follows. Muster roll of ship Princess Amelia: Samuel Martin, commander Best Walton Harvey Heaton Clark Anthony Wyman George Fing Sam Bruesly Joseph Bromley Thomas Phillips Michael Cape Interpretations Seerbands, a striped cotton cloth woven for turbans and sashes, joined the rice, sugar, wax candles and arrack already familiar from the Heathcote's and Princess of Wales's invoices as a further staple of the regular India trade carried into the island's stores, priced here by the piece within a single bale rather than by weight as the other goods were.
167		164	Cadetts Roll Lyon Willm. Godfrey John Cheesborough James Quinbey John Ellis Willm. Nixon John Edwards David Miller Willm. Pramsen Peter Murrell Jos. Watts John Tayler Thos. Hoskins Willm. Seagoose Henl. Lawson Robt. Sander Will. Smith Henry Leafe John Savile Thos. Coates John Prabloko John Sadwich Sam. Clarke John Shaw Willm. Lane Wellson John Hughs John Hynard Willm. Jackson James Hambleton Evan. Casneagea Rich. Penny Rich. Slaghter John Hagwood Hugh Gardner Daniel Carion Walt. Webb Willm. Suller George Reeves Thos. Dyer Evan. Meah John Petterson Dan. Solisan John Prust Davd. Winn Dan. Mc.Carty Evan. Pearb Geo. Ayger Willm. Hutchen Charles Blanket Thos. Weblaham Willm. Ware John Green Rich. Bush John Calaban John Sowoe John Nesk Geo. Clarke Wm. Whally Thos. Ward John Servant Man Cwerg John Ford Wm. Coverly Man Jack Ge. Gorsall Wm. Laycock Wm. Callender Dan. Bjerle Thos. Deeper Sam. Hadwell Sam. Harry R. Warmingham Ane. Peltres John Williams And. Larner Sam. Maggs John Willborn John Trettle Thos. Allen John Bathwell Thos. Davis John Dannell Cha. Timbill Robt. Barrington Wm. Dickenson On Examining the Account of Defeciences of Stores on Order to Settle the same Agreeable to a Paragraph in the Late Instructions it Appeared that the Account Charged	Cadaws Robert Lyon William Godfrey John Chelmborough James Quinton John Ellis William Neaon John Edwards David Miller William Bramsen Peter Murrell Joseph Watts John Sayler Thomas Hoskins William Seagoose Henry Lawson Robert Sander William Smith Henry Leafe John Sacile Thomas Coates John Prablisto John Sadwich Samuel Clarke John Shaw William Lane Wellson John Hughs John Hynard William Jachard James Hambleton Evan Casneagea Peter Penny Richard Slatcher John Hagwood Hugh Gardner Daniel Carion Walter Webb William Sutler George Reeves Thomas Dyer Evan Meaz John Petterson Dan Solson John Prust David Winn Dan McCarty Evan Peard George Ager William Mutchen Charles Blanket Thomas Welbaham William Ware John Green Richard Bush John Calaban John Sowce John Nask George Clarke Ell Whally Thomas Ward John Servant Man Curry John Ford William Coverly Man Jack George Gonsall William Laycock William Callender Dan Bjerle Thomas Dwyer Sam Hadwell Sam Harry Robert Warmingham Andrew Pelkes John Williams Andrew Carner James Maggs John Wellborn John Sittle Thomas Allen John Bathwell Thomas Davis John Dansell Christopher Timbill Robert Barrington Andrew Dickenson On examining the account of deficiencies of stores in order to settle the same, agreeable to a paragraph in the late instructions, it appeared that the account charged
168		165	in Journal H. Page 67 was near One hundred Pounds more then ye first Deficiencies were made out for to Clear up wch. we sent for Mr. Godfrey, who was then Storekeeper & Accomptant, and Asked him how that happened he Replyed the Oil & Flower Chargd to Mr. Bazett as Deficient he knew to be a Mistake, & being farther Asked, whether he made Mr. Bazett any Allowance for Reasonable Wast, upon such Articles, when it was Unavoidable he said he made him None, and also said that the Iron, Deals &c he beleived might be Issued for the Companies Service, upon which it Appeared to Us, that the same was rather a Blundering Account of Mr. Godfreys than any real Deficiencies, that a Person might be Justly Chargd wth., We therefore Appointed Mr. Goodwin & Mr. Purling to Examine the Books and to Report to Us the Matter as it Actually Stood which they have Accordingly done and find it Stands as follows Vizt. Chargd by Mr. Godfrey to Mr. Bazett as Deficient Sept. 1740, Remains at Sept. 1740, dis. by Mr. Bazett from Sept. 1740 to the 9th May, Reasonable Wast to be Allowd wth. Bazett, Used on ye Companys Account, Delivd Mr. Godfrey, [blank header], Deficiences to be Chargd to Mr. Bazett 29.2 Bread: Chargd 23 . 7½, Remains 190.-, dischargd 13.1.24, Reasonable Wast 13.1.16, Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 21.3.23, [blank] 17—21, Deficiences Chargd 13.9.3 10.1.26 Flower: Chargd 13.13.5, Remains 106.1.10, dischargd 11.2.3, Reasonable Wast 11.1.17, Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 62.3.13, [blank] 3—5, Deficiences Chargd 2.28¾ 6 Gro. Corks: Chargd -.13.7½, Remains 102.9-, dischargd 17.11doz, Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 78.2.10, [blank] 6.9.2, Deficiences Chargd .14.9¾ 19 P. Scales: Chargd -.12.9, Remains 7½lb, dischargd ., Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 7lb, [blank] ., Deficiences Chargd . 30 Buttchr. Knives: Chargd -.8.2½, Remains 55½doz, dischargd 3¼doz, Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 8/12, [blank] 1½doz, Deficiences Chargd .4½ 2 doz. hand knives & 9 Forks: Chargd -.11, Remains ., dischargd ., Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 5, [blank] ., Deficiences Chargd . 3 M. Pins: Chargd -.2.3, Remains 167 Mr., dischargd 47 Mr., Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 117 Mr., [blank] 3 Mr., Deficiences Chargd .2.3 3 Ball Silk: Chargd 1.-, Remains 16.9oz, dischargd 1.1½oz, Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 14.8oz, [blank] 15½oz, Deficiences Chargd 1.6½ 11 Claw Hammers: Chargd -.11.11, Remains 15, dischargd 5, Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 3., [blank] 6, Deficiences Chargd .6.6 1 Rub Stone: Chargd -.13, Remains 2, dischargd ., Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 1, [blank] 1, Deficiences Chargd .13 3 Do. Locks: Chargd 1.1.9, Remains 32, dischargd 7, Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 24, [blank] 1, Deficiences Chargd .7.3 2 Joy Hatchets: Chargd -.1., Remains 21, dischargd ., Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 21, [blank] ., Deficiences Chargd . 1 P. Bellows: Chargd -.2.4, Remains 13, dischargd ., Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 12, [blank] 1, Deficiences Chargd .2.4 12 Turpentine: Chargd -.3.2, Remains .12, dischargd 1um, Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 1.19, [blank] ., Deficiences Chargd . 2 Cwt. saw files: Chargd -.11, Remains 12, dischargd 2., Reasonable Wast ., Used on Compys Acct. ., Delivd Mr. Godfrey 10, [blank] ., Deficiences Chargd . Carr:over£441.18¾ Carr:over£18.16.9¾	On examining the account of deficiencies of stores in order to settle the same, agreeable to a paragraph in the late instructions, it appeared that the account charged in journal H, page 69, stood at near one hundred pounds more than the first deficiencies had been made out for. To clear this up the council sent for Godfrey, who had then been storekeeper and accountant, and asked him how that had happened. He replied that the oil and flour charged to Bazett as deficient he knew to be a mistake, and, being further asked whether he had made Bazett any allowance for reasonable waste on such articles as it was unavoidable, said he had made him none, and also said that the iron, deals and the like he believed might have been issued for the Company's service. It appeared to the council that this was rather a blundering account of Godfrey's than any real deficiency a person might justly be charged with. The council therefore appointed Goodwin and Purling to examine the books and report the matter as it actually stood, which they accordingly did, and found it to stand as follows. Deficiency account for Bazett's stores, reconciled by Goodwin and Purling. Columns: charged by Godfrey to Bazett as deficient (September 1740) / remains as discovered by Bazett from 26 September 1740 to the 9th of May / reasonable wastage to be allowed Bazett / used on the Company's account / delivered to Godfrey / real deficiency to be charged to Bazett: 29 lb 2 oz bread: charged £23 0s 7.5d, remains 190 lb, reasonable wastage 13 lb 12 oz and 13 lb 1 oz 16 dwt, used on Company's account none, delivered to Godfrey 24 lb 3 oz 23 dwt, deficiency 17 to 21 lb, real deficiency £13 9s 3d 19 lb 4 oz 26 lb flour: charged £13 13s 5d, remains 196 lb 1 oz 10, reasonable wastage 11 lb 3 oz 3 and 11 lb 1 oz 17, used on Company's account none, delivered to Godfrey 62 lb 3 oz 13, deficiency 3 to 5 lb, real deficiency £2 2s 8.5d 6 gross corks: charged 13s 7.5d, remains 102 gross 9 dozen, reasonable wastage 17 gross 11 dozen, used on Company's account none, delivered to Godfrey 78 gross 2 dozen 10, deficiency 6 gross 7 dozen 2, real deficiency £0 14s 9.5d 19 scales: charged 12s 9d, remains 7 lb, used on Company's account none, delivered to Godfrey 7 lb, real deficiency nil 30 butcher's knives: charged 8s 2.5d, remains 55.5 dozen, reasonable wastage 3.75 dozen, used on Company's account none, delivered to Godfrey 4 lb 8 oz 12, deficiency 0.33 dozen, real deficiency £0 4s 0.5d 2 ivory-handled knives and 8 forks: charged 1s 1d, delivered to Godfrey 5, real deficiency nil 3 M pins: charged 2s 3d, remains 167 M, reasonable wastage 47 M, used on Company's account none, delivered to Godfrey 117 M 4, deficiency 3 M, real deficiency £0 2s 3d 3 ball silk: charged 4s 1d, remains 16 lb 9 oz, reasonable wastage 1 lb 1.5 oz, used on Company's account none, delivered to Godfrey 14 lb 8 oz, deficiency 15.5 oz, real deficiency £1 6s 1.75d 11 claw hammers: charged 11s 11d, remains 45, reasonable wastage 5, used on Company's account none, delivered to Godfrey 34, deficiency 6, real deficiency £0 6s 6d 1 rubstone: charged 1s 3d, remains 2, used on Company's account none, delivered to Godfrey 1, deficiency 1, real deficiency £0 1s 3d 3 socket locks: charged £1 1s 9d, remains 32, reasonable wastage 7, used on Company's account none, delivered to Godfrey 24, deficiency 1, real deficiency £0 7s 3d 2 joy hatchets: charged 4s 0d, remains 21, delivered to Godfrey 21, real deficiency nil 1 pair bellows: charged 2s 4d, remains 13, delivered to Godfrey 12, deficiency 1, real deficiency £0 2s 4d 12 lb turpentine: charged 3s 2d, remains 2 lb 0 oz 12, reasonable wastage 1, delivered to Godfrey 1 lb 1 oz 9, real deficiency nil 2 Welsh saw files: charged 11d, remains 12, reasonable wastage 2, delivered to Godfrey 10, real deficiency nil Carried over, £44 18s 7.5d charged; £18 16s 10.75d real deficiency Interpretations Godfrey's admission that the oil and flour entries were his own mistake, and that he had made no allowance whatever for reasonable wastage on perishable stores, exposed the whole £100 excess in the deficiency account as a bookkeeping failure rather than genuine loss, a distinction the council took seriously enough to appoint two of its own members to rework the figures line by line rather than accept Godfrey's original reckoning against Bazett's estate. The reworked total, £18 16s 10.75d against Godfrey's original charge of £44 18s 7.5d, shows Goodwin and Purling's reconciliation crediting Bazett with more than half the sum first claimed once reasonable wastage and stores properly used on the Company's own account were separated out from genuine unexplained loss.
169		166	Charged by Mr. Godfrey Remains dis. by Mr. Treasurer Used on ye Delivd Deficiens to Mr. Bazett as Deficient at Sept. Bazett from to be allowd Companies Mr. Godfry to be Chargd 1740 30 Sept. 1740 Mr. Bazett Account £ to Mr. Bazett Bro. over£41.18¾ Brought over£18.16.9¾ 2 Chest Locks: .16.4. 18. 1 Box Lock: .3.5. 16. 3½ doz. Pew Spoons: -.7.8, 50½oz, 2oz, ., ., 16doz, 3½doz, . 20 P. Shoes: .3.11, 24 pr, 2 pr, ., ., 21 pr, 1 pr, . 5 P. Girls Do.: -.9., 35 pr, 25 pr, ., ., 5 pr, 5 pr, . 25 Fetters: -.7.6, 20 lb, 5 lb, ., ., 14, 1, . 36½ Gall. Oil: 3.9.1, 26½ gall, 3½ gall, ., ., ., ., 250 gall. 3 P. Lyn Cloth: 5.3.2, 253 lb, 22 lb, ., ., ., ., 250 lb. Totall to be Charged Mr. Bazett£19.9¾ It appears that Mr. Bazett from Sept. 1740 to the time of his Dismission did not discharge any Deals Timbers &c on the Companies Account when at the same time Mr. Crisp built a large Room in the Castle and two port Cullises at the Fortification Consequently must have used the following for that purpose Vizt. 38 Elsers -.3.16. 100 Deals -.19.10. 17 P. Fir Timber -.3.19. 8 Wain. Boards -.1.5.6 6 Elm Board -.12.3 17.2 Iron -.14.12.3½.14 99.12.5¾ 8.1.14 26.3. David Dunbar Thos. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	Brought over, £18 16s 10.75d charged; brought over, £18 10s [...] real deficiency 2 chest locks: charged 16s 4d, delivered to Godfrey 18 1 box lock: charged 3s 5d, delivered to Godfrey 15 3.5 dozen scissors: charged 7s 8d, remains 30.75 dozen, reasonable wastage 2 dozen, delivered to Godfrey 13 dozen 3.75 dozen 1 pair jockey shoes: charged 3s 11d, remains 24 lb, reasonable wastage 2 lb, delivered to Godfrey 21 lb, deficiency 1 lb 5 girls' ditto: charged 9d, remains 356, reasonable wastage 25, delivered to Godfrey 35, deficiency 5 2 sutors: charged 7s 6d, remains 20 lb, reasonable wastage 5 lb, delivered to Godfrey 14 lb, deficiency 1 36 gallons oil: charged £3 9s 1d, remains 26.5 gallons, reasonable wastage 3 gallons, delivered to Godfrey 230 gallons 5 pieces long cloth: charged £5 3s 2d, remains 258 [...], reasonable wastage 22 [...] Total to be charged to Bazett, £19 [...] The council found that Bazett, from September 1740 to the time of his dismission, had not discharged any deals, timber or the like on the Company's account, while at the same time Crisp had built a large room in the castle and two port carriages at the fortifications, and consequently must have used the following materials for that purpose. 38 [...] lifters, £3 16s 0d [...] deals, £19 10s 0d 17 [...] fir timber, £3 19s 0d 8 wainscot boards, £1 6s 0d 6 elm boards, £0 12s 3d 17.5 lb iron, £1 12s 3.5d, £1 1s Total, £29 12s 3.5d Signed, David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling. Interpretations The final reckoning, crediting Crisp's own large-scale building work, a new room in the castle and two gun carriages at the fortifications, against materials never separately charged out to anyone, shows the council closing the Bazett deficiency case by identifying where the missing deals and timber had actually gone rather than leaving the shortfall as an unexplained loss against a dead man's estate. Read together with the earlier finding that Godfrey's own bookkeeping, not genuine theft or waste, accounted for most of the original £100 excess, the whole exercise reduced what had stood as a serious charge against Bazett's reputation to a modest, traceable sum, the council's audit working here to clear a name as much as to recover money.
170		167	At a Consultation held on the 18. June 1744 at the Castle Present Colle. David Dunbar, Governour Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lieut. Govr. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Purling The last Consultation was read and Approved On the 15. Instant Arrivd the Honble. Companies Ship Exeter Capt. Weston Commander from Bengall and brought us the following Supplys Vizt. Invoice of Ship Exeter Vizt. A. No. 19 to 24 Arrack Batavia 6 Half Leagures Contg. Gall. 480: at 130 p. Leag. Mh. 390. Batta 10 p. Cent 39.- 429 . R. 1 to 43 Rice 43 Bags Contg. Neat wt. 86 is 59.1.9 at 31. Ana p. Rupee. 110 1 3 S. 1 to 7 Sugar Sesinda 7 Bags Contg. Neat wt. 15.16 is 10.1.2 at M. Rup. 15 p. Bagg 105.- Batta 10 p. Cent 10.8. 115 8 . Charges on Merchandize 654 9 3 93 Bags & Sowing 10.5.6 Mattras 4.-.- Malls & Oil Do. 6.4.- Boat hire 15.-.- Soldiers Diet & Irons 2.7.- 6 Casks 39.9.4 72 10 3 Carr. Rupees 727 3 6	At a consultation held on 18 June 1744 at the castle, Colonel David Dunbar presided as Governor, with Captain Charles Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor, and Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as council. The council read and approved the previous consultation. The council recorded that the Company's ship Exeter, Captain Weston, commander, had arrived from Bengal on 15 June and brought the following supplies. Invoice of ship Exeter: A N° 19 to 24, arrack Batavia, 6 half leaguers containing 480 gallons at 130 rupees per leaguer, 390 rupees Batta at 10 per cent, 39 rupees Total, 429 rupees 0 annas 0 pies R N° 1 to 43, rice, 43 bags containing net weight 86 candy 59.1.9, at 31 seers per rupee, 110 rupees 1 anna 3 pies S N° 1 to 7, sugar fresinda, 7 bags containing net weight 15.16 to 10.1.2, at 15 rupees per bag, 105 rupees Batta at 10 per cent, 10 rupees 8 annas Total, 115 rupees 8 annas 0 pies Charges on merchandise: 93 bags and sewing, 10 rupees 5 annas 6 pies Mats, 1 rupee Matting and oil jars, 1 rupee 1 anna Boat hire, 15 rupees Sailors' diet and provisions, 2 rupees 17 annas 6 casks, 39 rupees 9 annas 4 pies Total, 72 rupees 10 annas 3 pies Carried rupees, 727 rupees 3 annas 6 pies Interpretations The Exeter's cargo, arriving barely a week after the Princess Amelia, repeats the same standing bundle of Batavia arrack, rice and fresinda sugar already seen in the Heathcote's and Princess of Wales's invoices earlier in the season, confirming these as the routine staples the island drew from every India ship rather than goods ordered for any particular occasion.
171		168	Mr. Dixon Reports he hath been on board the Exeter to Search for Deserters but found None The Muster Roll is as follows Vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Exeter Vizt. Capt. Weston Comr. Chust. Ivy James Ahareys Edw. Alexander John Salter Rich. Harrison Jer. Roberts Robt. John Harrison Robt. Colshalston James Seavey Henry French John Carter Sam. Burnand Thomas Stockwell Thomas Stavening Rich. Shallock John Hubbard Thos. Bracken Lynn Bray John Wilson Willm. Hombey Golpliff Pleas Saw. Brown Sam. White Edw. Pattson John Robinson Willm. Bakes Willm. Griffis Daw. Meldron Edm. Bellsead Willm. Emmery Rich. Grayley Sam. Watkin Charles Seabroke Thos. Shestlewaite Robt. Reagens Gab. Heath Willm. Love Jere. Lockyer Fran. Smith Rich. Gyeles Sam. Willson Robt. Thompson Mart. Johnson John Bray John Barnard John P. Hyatt Willm. Sorrest Jos. Coulten Sam. Mitchell Sam. Cullen Alexander Shields John Alexander And. Gleeny Thos. Danell John Bothwell Fresh. Cambell John Bates Mich. Darbey Geo. Lildy Jam. Sangster Thos. Cooks John Pickering Willm. Davis Willm. Coleman Thos. Cortwell John Prosser Sam. Gowes Peter Eland John Field John Harriot Edw. Murphey Josh. Davis Sam. Carter John Alder Sam. Hickey Christ. Ivy Phill. Arocraft Phild. Prosence Sam. Wrangham Thos. Page Step. Maltman Thos. Bayley Chart. Burnet Thos. Hopwood Nath. Scaddle Geo. Pindle	Dixon reported that he had been aboard the Exeter to search for deserters but found none. The muster roll was as follows. Muster roll of ship Exeter: Captain Weston, commander Christopher Ivey James Rhareys Edward Alexander John Salter Richard Harrison Jeremiah Roberts Robert John Harrison Robert Costalouston James Seavey Henry French John Carter Samuel Burnand Thomas Rockwell Thomas Ravening Richard Shattock John Vabbard Thomas Bracken Lynn Bray John Wilson William Kombey Golpliff Please Lawrence Brown Samuel White Edward Pattison John Robinson William Baker William Griffis David Meldron Edmund Bellstead William Emmery Richard Grayley Samuel Watkin Charles Seabroske Thomas Shestlewaite Robert Reagene Gabriel Heath William Love Jeremiah Lochyer Francis Smith Richard Gytles James Willson Robert Thompson Martin Johnson John Bray John Barnard John Hyatt William Forrest Joseph Coulten James Mitchell Samuel Cullen Alexander Shields John Alexander Andrew Gleeny Thomas Danell John Bothwell Bristol Cambell John Bates Michael Darbey George Lildly James Sangster Thomas Cooth John Pickering William Davis William Coleman Thomas Cortwell John Prosser Samuel Gowes Peter Eland John Field John Harriot Edward Murphey Joseph Davis James Carter John Alder James Hickey Christopher Ivey Phill Arocraft Shield Provence James Wrangham Thomas Page Stephen Waltman Thomas Bayley Charles Burnet Thomas Hopwood Nathaniel Scaddle George Pindle
172		169	John Echo Sarara Lallem Lewis Piso Peter Peraro Peter Francois Francis Cano. Domingo De Feio Eve Anchobe Willm. Brown Geo. Mrs. Bazett this day presented the following Petition Vizt. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Govr. & Council The Humble Petition of Sarah Bazett Widow in behalf of her Self & Six Children Sheweth. That your Petitioners Husband John Bazett Deceasd being dismissd the Honble Companys Service the 8. May 1741 died soon after deliver over the Charge of the Stores to Mr. John Godfrey And Gave in to the said Mr. Godfrey the Account of his Collections from the last of March to the 8 May 1741 Amounting to the Sum of £96. which Sum the said John Bazett did pay into the Honble. Companies Cash, by the desire and Advice of the said Mr. Godfrey, In full faith, and Confidence, that what was due from the Garrison for Stores Issued out to them, which made much the Greatest part of the said Collections, would be kept for him when the Garrison came to receive their Salarys as had been Usual, That the Deceasd did give due Attendance Accordingly, when the Garrison was paid off to the End of September following, but found to his Great Surprize that the Pay which was due to them before, Mr. Godfrey Arrivd, which should have been stoppd to Indemnifie him the Deceasd was detaind by or for Mr. Godfrey on Account of Debts Contracted wth. him Afterwards and therefore nothing for the Deceasd to receive That	John Echo Sarara Sallem Lewis Piso Peter Peraro Peter Francois Francis Cano Domingo De Feio Eve Anchoke William Brown Geo Bazett presented the following petition, addressed to David Dunbar, Governor, and the council. The petition of Sarah Bazett, widow, on behalf of herself and six children, stated that her husband John Bazett, having been dismissed the Company's service on 5 May 1741, soon after delivered over the charge of the stores to Godfrey and gave him the account of his collections from the last of March to that date, amounting to £96, which sum Bazett paid into the Company's cash at Godfrey's own desire and advice, in full faith and confidence that what was due from the garrison for stores issued to them, which made much the greatest part of the collections, would be stopped for him when the garrison came to receive their pay, as had usually been done. She stated that Bazett accordingly gave due attendance when the garrison was paid off to the end of September following, but found to his great surprise that the pay due to them before Godfrey's arrival, which should have been stopped to indemnify him, had been retained by or for Godfrey on account of debts contracted with him afterwards, so that nothing was left for Bazett to receive.
173		170	That the Deceasd Used his Utmost Diligence Afterwards & your Petitioner Since to Recover what they Could of the said Outstanding Debts some of which have been Gatherd in But Several of the Persons being Dead, Others Poor, and some Refusing to pay, whom your Petitioner has no Power to Compell, There Still remains due to the Deceasds Estate the Sum of £61.3 as p the Account hereto Annexd Your Petitioner therefore Prays your Worship &c. will be pleasd to take her Case into Consideration, and Admitt the said Sum of £61.3 as a Credit in the Deceasds Account, wth. the Honble Company, or Grant her such Relief as Your Worship &c. shall think fitt and Expedient. And Your Petitioner Shall Ever pray (Signd) Sarah Bazett. William Allis: The Garrisons Debt 1.17.10, Received on Account 1.3.2, Remaining due 14.10 William Addams: The Garrisons Debt 1.8.5½, Received on Account .15.9, Remaining due 12.8½ Beven Ambrose: The Garrisons Debt 1.1.-, Received on Account .4.6, Remaining due 16.6 Thos. Achess: The Garrisons Debt 1.1.1, Received on Account .-.-, Remaining due 1.1.1 Deceasd And. Blindman: The Garrisons Debt 4.15.1, Received on Account 2.18.5, Remaining due 1.16.8 John Biddell: The Garrisons Debt 1.15.5, Received on Account .-.-, Remaining due 1.15.5 Run Thos. Bogah: The Garrisons Debt 1.12.6, Received on Account 1.4.2½, Remaining due .8.3½ John Cambrick: The Garrisons Debt 1.17.6, Received on Account .-.-, Remaining due 1.17.6 Run Willm. Caddell: The Garrisons Debt .15.3, Received on Account .-.-, Remaining due .15.3 Deceasd John Chasing: The Garrisons Debt 1.12.5½, Received on Account .-.-, Remaining due 1.12.5½ Do.	The petitioner stated that her late husband had used his utmost diligence afterward, and she herself since, to recover what they could of the outstanding debts, some of which had been gathered in, but several of the persons owing being dead, others poor, and some refusing to pay, whom she had no power to compel, there still remained due to his estate the sum of £61 3s 0d, as by the account annexed. She therefore prayed the council would be pleased to take her case into consideration and admit the sum of £61 3s 0d as a credit in her late husband's account with the Company, or grant her such relief as the council should think fit and equitable. Signed, Sarah Bazett. Account of the garrison's debts to Bazett for the Company's stores issued from the last of March to 9 May 1741, which Bazett made good to the Company, showing what was received on account and what remained due on 31 May 1744: William Allis: debt £1 17s 10d, received £1 3s 2d, remaining due £0 14s 10d William Addams: debt £1 8s 5.5d, received £0 15s 9d, remaining due £0 12s 8.5d Beven Ambrose: debt £1 1s 0d, received £0 4s 6d, remaining due £0 16s 6d Thomas Ackes: debt £1 1s 1d, received nil, remaining due £1 1s 1d, dead Andrew Blindman: debt £4 15s 1d, received £2 18s 5d, remaining due £1 16s 8d John Biddell: debt £1 15s 5d, received nil, remaining due £1 15s 5d, run Thomas Bogah: debt £1 12s 6d, received £1 4s 2.5d, remaining due £0 8s 3.5d John Cambrick: debt £1 17s 6d, received nil, remaining due £1 17s 6d, run William Caddell: debt £0 15s 3d, received nil, remaining due £0 15s 3d, dead John Chafing: debt £1 12s 5.5d, received nil, remaining due £1 12s 5.5d, ditto Interpretations The debtor-by-debtor schedule, marking each unrecovered balance dead or run against the names who could not pay, shows precisely the vulnerability Sarah Bazett's petition described: her husband had converted the garrison's individual store debts into a personal obligation to the Company by paying the whole sum himself in 1741, on Godfrey's own advice that the men's wages would later be stopped to repay him, and was left, once several debtors died or deserted before that could happen, bearing losses that were never his own debts to begin with.
174		171	William Dorrill: The Garrisons Debt 1.9.10, Received on Account 1.1.8½, Remaining due 0.8.1½ Sam. Eales Painter: The Garrisons Debt 9.16.10, Received on Account 2.5.8, Remaining due 7.11.2 Rich. Frost: The Garrisons Debt 3.13.0, Received on Account 1.10.6, Remaining due 2.2.6 Dead Sam. Goodacre: The Garrisons Debt 0.14.11, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 0.14.11 Dead or run Phillip Hilliard: The Garrisons Debt 0.16.1½, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 0.16.1½ John Jolley: The Garrisons Debt 0.12.9, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 0.12.9 Dead or Run Major Jackson: The Garrisons Debt 1.10.10½, Received on Account 1.13.½, Remaining due 0.6.10 Sold. Jacobs: The Garrisons Debt 0.18.7, Received on Account 0.1.6, Remaining due 0.17.1 Rich. Kent: The Garrisons Debt 2.12.¾, Received on Account 0.4.0, Remaining due 2.8.¾ Joseph Long: The Garrisons Debt 1.3.2, Received on Account 0.11.2, Remaining due 0.12.0 John Lewis: The Garrisons Debt 0.10.3, Received on Account 0.5.0, Remaining due 0.5.3 Henry Malton: The Garrisons Debt 1.11.7, Received on Account 0.12.10, Remaining due 0.18.9 Barth. Molloy: The Garrisons Debt 2.11.4½, Received on Account 2.5.6, Remaining due 0.5.10½ Mart. Macdonald: The Garrisons Debt 10.8.5, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 10.8.5 Dead Glazier Will. More: The Garrisons Debt 0.11.11, Received on Account 0.8.5, Remaining due 0.3.6 Fran. Newland: The Garrisons Debt 1.15.10½, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 1.15.10½ John Nottage: The Garrisons Debt 1.1.5, Received on Account 0.14.6, Remaining due 0.16.11 Sam. Pavett: The Garrisons Debt 2.3.5½, Received on Account 1.1.3½, Remaining due 1.2.2 Dead Will. Price: The Garrisons Debt 1.0.2, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 1.0.2 Thomas Swindle: The Garrisons Debt 2.17.5, Received on Account 1.7.5, Remaining due 1.10.0 Thomas Sillitoe: The Garrisons Debt 0.13.9½, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 0.13.9½ Rich. Swaits: The Garrisons Debt 0.11.½, Received on Account 0.6.6½, Remaining due 0.4.6 Andrew Sarlin: The Garrisons Debt 1.3.6, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 1.3.6 Run John Webster: The Garrisons Debt 1.2.9½, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 1.2.9½ Jerem. Wyrrill: The Garrisons Debt 0.18.5, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 0.18.5 John Christophell: The Garrisons Debt 4.15.5, Received on Account 2.0.8, Remaining due 2.14.9 William Conolly: The Garrisons Debt 3.17.2, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 3.17.2 Run. William Cundell: The Garrisons Debt 1.1.9, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 1.1.9 Do. Charles Clarke: The Garrisons Debt 2.6.2, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 2.6.2 Do. Paul Bryan: The Garrisons Debt 0.9.0, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 0.9.0 Do. William Buffett: The Garrisons Debt 0.4.0, Received on Account 0.0.0, Remaining due 0.4.0 Dead N.B.	The garrison's debts to Bazett for the Company's stores issued from the last of March to 9 May 1741, which Bazett made good to the Company, showing what was received on account and what remained due on 31 May 1744: William Dorrill: debt £1 9s 10d, received £1 1s 8.5d, remaining due £0 8s 1.5d Samuel Eales, painter: debt £9 16s 10d, received £2 5s 8d, remaining due £7 11s 2d Richard Frost: debt £3 13s 0d, received £1 10s 6d, remaining due £2 2s 6d, dead James Goodacre: debt £0 14s 11d, received nil, remaining due £0 14s 11d, dead or run Phillip Hilliard: debt £0 16s 1.5d, received nil, remaining due £0 16s 1.5d John Jolley: debt £0 12s 9d, received nil, remaining due £0 12s 9d, dead or run Major Jackson: debt £1 10s 10.5d, received £1 13s 0.5d, remaining due £0 6s 10d Soldier Jacobs: debt £0 18s 7d, received £0 1s 6d, remaining due £0 17s 1d Richard Kent: debt £2 12s 0.75d, received £0 4s 0d, remaining due £2 8s 0.75d Joseph Long: debt £1 3s 2d, received £0 11s 2d, remaining due £0 12s 0d John Lewis: debt £0 10s 3d, received £0 5s 0d, remaining due £0 5s 3d Henry Malton: debt £1 11s 7d, received £0 12s 10d, remaining due £0 18s 9d Bartholomew Molloy: debt £2 11s 4.5d, received £2 5s 6d, remaining due £0 5s 10.5d Martin Macdonald, glazier: debt £10 8s 5d, received nil, remaining due £10 8s 5d, dead William More: debt £0 11s 11d, received £0 8s 5d, remaining due £0 3s 6d Francis Newland: debt £1 15s 10.5d, received nil, remaining due £1 15s 10.5d John Nottage: debt £1 1s 5d, received £0 4s 6d, remaining due £0 16s 11d Samuel Pavett: debt £2 3s 5.5d, received £1 1s 3.5d, remaining due £1 2s 2d, dead William Price: debt £1 0s 2d, received nil, remaining due £1 0s 2d Thomas Swindle: debt £2 17s 5d, received £1 7s 5d, remaining due £1 10s 0d Thomas Sillitoe: debt £0 13s 9.5d, received nil, remaining due £0 13s 9.5d Richard Swaik: debt £0 11s 0.5d, received £0 6s 6.5d, remaining due £0 4s 6d Andrew Sarlin: debt £1 3s 6d, received nil, remaining due £1 3s 6d, run John Webster: debt £1 2s 9.5d, received nil, remaining due £1 2s 9.5d Jeremiah Wyrill: debt £0 18s 5d, received nil, remaining due £0 18s 5d John Christophell: debt £4 15s 5d, received £2 0s 8d, remaining due £2 14s 9d William Conolly: debt £3 17s 2d, received nil, remaining due £3 17s 2d, run William Cundell: debt £1 1s 9d, received nil, remaining due £1 1s 9d, ditto Charles Clarke: debt £2 6s 2d, received nil, remaining due £2 6s 2d, ditto Paul Bryan: debt £0 9s 0d, received nil, remaining due £0 9s 0d, ditto William Buffett: debt £0 4s 0d, received nil, remaining due £0 4s 0d, dead NB Interpretations The schedule's running commentary of dead, run and ditto against name after name shows how thoroughly the garrison's ordinary turnover, desertion and mortality among common soldiers being routine hazards of island service, had converted what began as recoverable store debts into a fixed loss Bazett could never make good, the very outcome his widow's petition described as ruinous once so many debtors proved impossible to collect from before the money could be recovered through their pay.
175		172	Several Others were Indebted when Mr. Bazett delivered up his Charge but their Accounts are Since Cleared Copy of a Paper in Mr. Bazetts hand Writeing Vizt. The 8. May 1741 being the day that Govr. Jenkins Arrivd, that day being Dismissd the Honble Companys Service, a Day or two After was Ordered to deliver up an Inventory of the Companies Stores which Accordingly gave due Attendance to, till ye Said Inventory was Compleated, tis soon as the Inventory was done within a day or two Afterwards Mr. Godfrey Asked me for an Account of what I had Sold out of the Stores I told him he should have it as soon as Possible, I could get it done, And as soon as I had done the Collection of what I had Sold of the Companies, I Carried it down to the Castle & at which time Mr. Godfrey, was in the Office who took the Collection, I then Asked Mr. Godfrey when the Garrisons Accounts were to be made up, He said they being so very busy he Could not tell when, I made Reply, to Mr. Godfrey and Said I did not care how soon, I wanted these Accounts to be made up for those Goods mentioned in the Collection, were Issued out upon their Encreasing pay, and till such time, I could not pay in the Money, Whereupon Mr. Godfrey said I suppose you have some Money & you had better pay it in, & whenever the Garrison is paid I'l pay you, Upon which Immediately I went & brought the Money & payd it to Mr. Godfrey I took his Receipt, This being some time in the beginning of June to the best of my Memory, the Garrisons Account not being made up till September following, I then gave my Attendance in Bravo to Receive my due, but finding very much to my Surprize, that these People had little or nothing to receive by reason Mr. Godfrey had let them run in Debt to him for Stores in a little better than One quarter more than their Half Years Pay came to, & had stopt that part of their pay wch. was due to me before he Arrived on the Island to pay him, And by this means, I am entirely kept out of my Money wch. cost Margin Notes: N.B. The sum as appears by the Books was £96.	The council noted that several others were indebted when Bazett delivered up his charge, but their accounts had since been cleared. Copy of a paper in Bazett's hand writing: Bazett wrote that 5 May 1741, the day Governor Jenkins arrived, was the same day he was dismissed the Company's service. A day or two after, he was ordered to deliver up an inventory of the Company's stores, to which he accordingly gave due attendance until it was completed. As soon as the inventory was done, within a day or two afterward, Godfrey asked him for an account of what he had sold out of the stores. He told Godfrey he should have it as soon as possible he could get it done, and as soon as he had made the collection of what he had sold of the Company's goods, he carried it down to the castle, where he found Godfrey in the office who took the collection. He then asked Godfrey when the garrison's accounts were to be made up. Godfrey said that, being so very busy, he could not tell when. He replied to Godfrey that he did not care how soon, since he wanted those accounts made up, for the goods mentioned in the collection had been issued out upon the men's ensuing pay, and until such time he could not pay in the money. Godfrey said he supposed he had some money and had better pay it in, and whenever the garrison was paid he would pay him. Upon which he immediately went and brought the money and paid it to Godfrey and took his receipt, this being some time in the beginning of June to the best of his memory, the garrison's account not being made up till September following. He then gave his attendance at Bravo to receive what was due to him, but found, very much to his surprise, that these people had little or nothing to receive, by reason that Godfrey had let them run in debt to him for stores in a little better than one quarter more than their half-year's pay came to, and had stopped that part of their pay which was due to him before Godfrey arrived on the island to pay himself. By this means he was entirely kept out of his money, which he Interpretations Bazett's own account, in his own hand, matches Sarah Bazett's petition detail for detail and adds the crucial fact her petition only implied: Godfrey had let the garrison run up fresh store debts to himself that consumed most of a half-year's pay, leaving nothing for the men's pay to cover the older debt Bazett had already made good to the Company on Godfrey's own advice. The margin note recording that the sum in an appendix agreed with the books shows the council had independently verified Bazett's figures against its own accounts before crediting his story, treating a dead man's own memorandum as reliable evidence once corroborated rather than accepting it on faith.
176		173	whereof some of the People have Deserted, Several Others Dead & those that can pay will not Captain Soulis declares he heard Mr. Bazett Complain to Mr. Godfrey Several times of the Injustice done him in Stopping the Peoples Pay for himself which was due to him wch. Bazett before Mr. Godfreys Arrival. Agreed to Recommend the Aforesaid Petition &c. to the Consideration of the Honble. Company. The Accomptant this day brought in his Journal Parcells for the Months of March April and May last which we Strictly Examind and Approved and Ordered to be Entered Accordingly The Honble Company hath 6 Houses or Apartments, which are Employed in the following Manner Vizt. Mr. Dixon 1 Mr. Goodwin 1 Mr. Purling 1 Mr. Alvich 1 Mr. Clarke 1 Mr. Hayes 1 The Storekeeper delivered Us the following Account of what he has receivd Short of the Invoices by each Ship which he has Wrote off the Several Bills of Lading Vizt. From Ship Caesar 6 Handspikes From Ship Heathcote 1 Mahogany Chair 4 3lb Rice 3.21 Sugar 16 Gall. Arack wanted to fill the Casks & 20 Gall. Short of ye. Gage. from	Bazett continued that some of the people had deserted, several others were dead, and those that remained could not pay. Captain Soulis declared he had heard Bazett complain to Godfrey several times of the injustice done him in stopping the people's pay for himself, which was due to Bazett before Godfrey's arrival. The council agreed to recommend the petition to the consideration of the Company. The accountant that day brought in his journal parcels for the months of March, April and May last, which the council strictly examined and approved, and ordered to be entered accordingly. The council recorded that the Company held six houses or apartments, employed in the following manner: Dixon, one; Goodwin, one; Purling, one; Meech, one; Clarke, one; Hayes, one. The storekeeper delivered the council the following account of what he had received short of the invoices from each ship, which he had written off the several bills of lading. From the ship Caesar: 6 handspikes, 1 mahogany chair From the ship Heathcote: 4 to 45 [...] price, 3 to 21 sugars, 16 gallons of arrack wanted to fill the casks, 20 gallons short of the gauge Interpretations Soulis's testimony, an independent witness confirming what Bazett had complained of at the time rather than only asserting after the fact, gave the council corroboration from outside the Bazett family for a grievance that would otherwise have rested on the widow's petition and her late husband's own memorandum alone. The shortfall account from the Heathcote, recording the same 16-gallon arrack topping-up and 20-gallon gauge deficiency already reconciled cask by cask when the ship's cargo was first gauged in May, shows the storekeeper's short-delivery record and the council's own gauging inquiry converging on identical figures, each derived independently from the bills of lading and from physical measurement.
177		174	From Ship Princess of Wales 1.2.- Rice Short weight 18 Gallons Arrack wanted to fill ye Casks From Ship Haslingfield 10 Snuchers 9 Cups 1 Saucer 1 Blue & white Bowle 3 Enamelld Do. 4 Dishes 52 Plates Broke From Ship Havington 6 Plates 3 Dishes 2 Blue & white Bowles 85 Cups 37 Saucers 6 Snuchers Broke. 2 Do. Short deliverd From Ship Princess Amelia 23.2.23 Rice Short weight of Invoice including ye Twelve Baggs returnd from ye Ship at Bengall. 2.16 Sugar short weight 15 Gallt. Arrack ye Casks wanted to fill From Ship Exeter One quarter of a hundred Sugar 2.-.8 Rice Short weight 13 Gallons Arrack ye Casks wanted of being full. The Half Leagures Invoiced at Eighty Gallons, some of them Gage no more than Seventy, & so in Proportion do the Leagures Others wch. makes ye Quantity Received Considerably less than Invoiced. David Dunbar Thos. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	From ship Princess of Wales: 1 candy 2 maund rice short weight, 18 gallons arrack wanted to fill the casks From ship Haslingfield: 10 saucers, 9 cups, 1 saucer, 1 blue and white bowl, 3 enamelled ditto, 4 dishes, 32 plates, broke From ship Harrington: 6 plates, 3 dishes, 2 blue and white bowls, 85 cups, 37 saucers, 6 saucers, broke, 2 ditto short delivered From ship Princess Amelia: 23 candy 2 maund 23 rice short weight of the invoiced quantity, of twelve bags returned from the ship at Bengal, 2 candy 16 maund sugar short weight, 15 gallons arrack the casks wanted to fill From ship Exeter: one quarter of a hundred sugars, 2 candy 1 maund rice, short weight, 13 gallons arrack the casks wanted of being full The half leaguers were invoiced at eighty gallons, but some of them gauged no more than seventy, and so in proportion the leaguers themselves, which made the quantity received considerably less than invoiced. Signed, David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling. Interpretations Set against the Heathcote shortfall already reconciled in May, this consolidated tally shows every ship of the season, the Princess of Wales, Haslingfield, Harrington, Princess Amelia and Exeter alike, arriving with cargo running short of its own invoice, arrack casks wanting topping-up and china broken in transit besides. The closing note tracing the arrack shortfall to leaguers gauging ten gallons under their invoiced eighty identifies a structural cause common to every ship rather than damage or pilferage on any single voyage, the vessels' own casks consistently under-filled at loading in India before ever reaching the island, which explains why the same pattern recurred invoice after invoice throughout the summer.
178		175	At a Consultation held the 26th. June 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governr. Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lieut. Govr. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Purling The Last Consultation was read and Approvd. On the 24th. Instant Sailed the Honble Companys Ships Haslingfield, Harrington, Princess Amelia, Exeter, Princess of Wales, Royal Guardian, and the Heathcote Under Convoy of his Majestys Ships Sutherland and Hector. On the same day Arrived a Portugueze Ship called Noha Segniora del Conception y Lusitania Commanded by Capt. Joseph Da Costa Ribeiro, Burthen 700 Tuns, & 120 Men Laden with Bale Goods & Salt Peter from Saint Thomas's near Madrass, & bound for Lisbon. David Dunbar Thos. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling Margin Notes: Copy went home p. Ship Colchester from hence to London 20th. Novr. 1744.	At a consultation held on 26 June 1744 at the castle, Colonel David Dunbar presided as Governor, with Captain Charles Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor, and Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as council. The council read and approved the previous consultation. The council recorded that on 24 June the Company's ships Haslingfield, Harrington, Princess Amelia, Exeter, Princess of Wales, Royal Guardian and the Heathcote had sailed under convoy of His Majesty's ships Sutherland and Hector. A Portuguese ship called Nostra Senhora del Conceição y Lusitania, commanded by Captain Joseph Da Costa Ribeiro, of 700 tons and 120 men, laden with piece goods and salt petre from Saint Thomas near Madras and bound for Lisbon, arrived the same day. Signed, David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling. Interpretations The departure of seven Company ships together under naval convoy on 24 June, the Heathcote among them, closes the extraordinary run of shipping traced through May and June, the same convergence that had driven the cattle killed, the powder expended and the diet bills already recorded, and marks the point after which the margin note elsewhere in the volume placed the last certain sighting of Powell, presumed to have sailed home in the Heathcote with the rest of the fleet rather than remaining to settle his account as the council had demanded.
179		176	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 3d. of July 1744 at the Castle. Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr. Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lieut. Govr. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Purling The Last Consultation was read and Approved. The last Will & Testament of Elizabeth Ryder Who died the 20th. day of February was this day presented by the Extors. requesting it might be proved which was Accordingly done Upon the Oaths of John Stott & Joseph Powett the Subscribing Witnesses, The Will is as follows Vizt. In the Name of God Amen this eighteenth day of February Dom. One Thousand Seven Hundred & forty Three, I Elizabeth Ryder of the Island Saint Helena Widow being Sick & weak of Body but of perfect Mind and Memory thanks to Almighty God Do Make Ordain & Appoint this my last Will & Testament That is to say first & Principally of all I Give and recommend my Soul into the Hands of Almighty God my Creator hoping & Assuredly beleiving After this Life to Injoy Eternal Happiness, My Body I commit to the Earth to be Buried in a Christian like & decent Manner at the discretion of my Extors. hereinafter mentioned My Worldly Goods I Give Devise & dispose of in Manner & form as followeth, I Give to my Daughters Sarah & Elizabeth as a Margin Notes: Imprimis	At a consultation held on Tuesday 3 July 1744 at the castle, Colonel David Dunbar presided as Governor, with Captain Charles Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor, and Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as council. The council read and approved the previous consultation. The will of Elizabeth Ryder, who had died on 20 February, was presented that day by her executors, requesting it might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the oaths of John Scott and Joseph Powett, the subscribing witnesses. The will read as follows. Elizabeth Ryder, widow of the island of St Helena, being sick and weak of body but of perfect mind and memory, made her last will and testament on 18 February 1743. She commended her soul into the hands of Almighty God her creator, hoping and assuredly believing after this life to enjoy eternal happiness, and committed her body to the earth to be buried in a Christian-like and decent manner at the discretion of her executors. She disposed of her worldly goods as follows. First, she gave her daughters Sarah and Elizabeth, as a token
180		177	Token of my love & Affection Considering that I shall hereafter Give them Each One Gold Ring, Which are the Rings Given me by their Father & Likewise Each of them One Sett of Stone Which was Given one but if the Setts are not Divided then I Give them as much Money As will purchase the Same not Exceeding Forty Shillings. Item. To my Daughter Margarett I Give my Bureow or Desk Which was Given me by her Father and likewise my Silver Watch but not to be Valued to her Item I Give to my Daughter Helena One Black Boy Named Isidore Whom I purchased with my own Money And likewise my Silver Snuff Box & Silver Smell Bottle but not to be Valued to her Item To my beloved Brother Thomas Greentree I bequeath the Sum of Ten pounds for Mourning and likewise the Sum of Forty Shillings to buy him a Ring Item To my beloved Brother James Greentree I Give the Sum of Five pounds for Mourning And Also the Sum of Forty Shillings to buy him a Ring Item I Give to Each of my beloved Sisters namely Sarah Mary and Susanna the Sum of Forty Shillings to buy them a Ring as a Token of my Love and Affection to them Item I Give to my Nephew Owen Griffith The Sum of Five pounds and a pair of Silver Buckles Item I Give to James the Son of Giles Hayes One Heifer to the Value of Five pounds Item I Give to Anthony the Son of Richard Beale One Heifer to the Value of Five pounds Item I Give to the Poor & Indigent of this Island the Sum of Five Pounds The said Sum to be paid into the hands of the Church Wardens for the time being and by them to be Given at their Discretion to the most Necessitous and by no means to be Accountable for the same to the Parish. Item	Elizabeth Ryder gave her daughters Sarah and Elizabeth, as a token of her love and affection, one gold ring each, being the rings given her by their father, and likewise each of them a set of moonstones which had also been given her. She directed that if either ring or set were not delivered to them, they should instead receive as much money as would purchase the same, not exceeding forty shillings. Item, to her daughter Margarett she gave the bureau or desk given her by Margarett's father, and likewise her silver watch, but not to be valued to her. Item, to her daughter Helena she gave one slave boy named Isidore, whom she had purchased with her own money, and likewise her silver snuff box and silver smelling bottle, but not to be valued to her. Item, to her beloved brother Thomas Greentree she bequeathed the sum of ten pounds for mourning, and likewise the sum of forty shillings to buy him a ring. Item, to her beloved brother James Greentree she gave the sum of five pounds for mourning, and also the sum of forty shillings to buy him a ring. Item, to each of her beloved sisters, namely Sarah, Mary and Susanna, she gave the sum of forty shillings to buy them a ring, as a token of her love and affection to them. Item, to her nephew Owen Griffith she gave the sum of five pounds and a pair of silver buckles. Item, to James, son of Giles Hayes, she gave one heifer to the value of five pounds. Item, to Anthony, son of Richard Beale, she gave one heifer to the value of five pounds. Item, to the poor and indigent of the island she gave the sum of five pounds, the said sum to be paid into the hands of the churchwardens for the time being, and by them to be given at their discretion to the most necessitous, and by no means to be accountable for the same to the parish.
181		178	Item. I Give to Richard Beale Whom I Shall Appoint one of my Executors the Sum of Forty Shillings to buy him a Ring. Item. As to the Rest & remaining part of my Estate Which are the thirdy of my deceasd Husbands Personall Estate, I Bequeath the two thurds thereof to be Equally divided between my two Youngest Daughters Margarett and Helena to be delivered to them as they come to Age or Marriage And I hereby Empower my Executors to disburse Such Sum or Sums of Money as they Shall think Necessary for their Education Which I very Much desire and Recommend the Care to my Executors and is Actually the Reason that I Give them more than I do my Other two Daughters, All Which I leave to the Discretion of my Executors without being Liable to be called to any Strict Account by my said Daughters When they Shall Arrive to Age or Marriage And if either of them Should die before Age or Marriage that the Survivour Shall have her part or Share by me Bequeathed Item The other Third I Give to my Other two Daughters Sarah and Elizabeth to be Equally divided and delivered them at Age or Marriage Lastly I Nominate Ordain and Appoint my beloved Brother Thomas Greentree and my Good Friend Richard Beale Executors of this my Will, revoking and Disannulling All Former Will or Wills by me made Ratifying and Confirming this and no Other to be my last Will and Testament (Signd) Elizabeth E.R. Ryder her Mark Signed Sealed and Declared to be the Last Will and Testament of her the said Elizabeth Ryder in the presence of Us (Signd) John Scott Joseph Powell	Item, to Richard Beale, whom she should appoint one of her executors, she gave the sum of forty shillings to buy him a ring. Item, as to the rest and remaining part of her estate, which was the third of her deceased husband's personal estate she was entitled to, she bequeathed two thirds of it to be equally divided between her two youngest daughters, Margarett and Helena, to be delivered to them as they came of age or married. She empowered her executors to disburse such sum or sums of money as they should think necessary for their education, which she much desired and recommended to their care, and stated that this was actually the reason she gave them more than her other two daughters, all of which she left to her executors' discretion, without their being liable to be called to any strict account by her daughters when they arrived at age or married. She directed that if either of them should die before age or marriage, the survivor should have her part or share as bequeathed. Item, the other third she gave to her other two daughters, Sarah and Elizabeth, to be equally divided and delivered to them at age or marriage. Lastly, she nominated, ordained and appointed her beloved brother Thomas Greentree and her good friend Richard Beale executors of her will, revoking and disannulling all former will or wills made by her, ratifying and confirming this and no other to be her last will and testament. Signed, sealed and declared to be the last will and testament of Elizabeth Ryder in the presence of us, her mark, Elizabeth E.R. Ryder. Witnessed by John Scott and Joseph Powell.
182		179	The Last Will and Testament of Stephen Lufkin Senr. Who decd. the 8th. day of May last was this day presented by the Executors requesting it might be proved Which was Accordingly done upon the Oaths of Elisha Isaac William Doveto and Christophorus Gurling the Subscribing Witnesses. The Will is as Follows Vizt. In the Name of God Amen this Fifth day of May in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and forty four, I Stephen Lufkin of the Island Saint Helena Planter being Sick and weak of Body but of Sound and Perfect Mind and Memory (Thanks to Almighty God) do make Ordain and Appoint this to be my Last Will and Testament That is to say first and Principally of All I Give and recommend my Soul into the hands of Almighty God my Creator hopeing and Assuredly beleiving I Shall receive a full and Gracious pardon for all my Sins my Body I commit to the Earth to be buried in a Christian like and decent Manner at the Discretion of my Executors hereafter Named My Worldly Goods I Give devise and dispose of in Manner and Form as followeth Imprimis I Give and Bequeath to my Grandson Stephen Lufkin My Mansion house with ten Acres of Free Land on Which the said House Stands on, to be delivered to him at the Age of Twenty One Years or Marriage Item To my Grandson William Young I Give one Black man Named Nichola to be delivered him at the Age of 21 Years or Marriage or Sooner if my said Grandson Stephen is at Age before him, That is to say at the time my Grandson Stephen Shall receive the said House and Land Item I deposite Thirty pounds in the hands of my Executors and desire them to lay down the same for the Freedom of a Servant	The last will and testament of Stephen Lufkin senior, who died on 8 May, was this day presented by his executors, requesting it might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the oaths of Elisha Isaac, William Doveton and Christopher Girling, the subscribing witnesses. The will read as follows. Stephen Lufkin of the island of St Helena, planter, being sick and weak of body but of sound and perfect mind and memory, made his last will and testament on 5 May 1744. He commended his soul into the hands of Almighty God his creator, having assuredly believing he should receive a full and gracious pardon for all his sins, and committed his body to the earth to be buried in a Christian-like and decent manner at the discretion of his executors hereafter named. He disposed of his worldly goods as follows. Imprimis, he gave and bequeathed to his grandson Stephen Lufkin his mansion house with ten acres of free land on which the house stood, to be delivered to him at the age of twenty-one years or marriage. Item, to his grandson William Young he gave one slave man named Nichola, to be delivered to him at the age of twenty-one years or marriage, or sooner if his grandson Stephen came of age before him, that is to say at the time his grandson Stephen should receive the house and land. Item, he deposited thirty pounds in the hands of his executors and desired them to lay down the same for the freedom of a servant
183		180	Servant Maid Named Katharine and her Child Named Katharine belonging to the Estate of my Son in Law John Young deceasd And for Which Consideration I hope my Grand Children (being the Children of my said Son in Law John Young) will be Contented and Satisfied Item All the Rest and residue of my Estate Not yet Given away be it in What kind never Lands or Chattells I desire my Executors will put to publick Sale and after all Debts funerall Charges and Legacies are fully paid and Satisfied I Give the remainder to be Equally divided and delivered at Age or Marriage among my Grandchildren Namely Stephen George and Mary the Children of my Son in Law John Young deceased and Robert and Joseph the Children of my Son Joseph Lufkin deceased And if either or any of my grand Children the Young's Should die before Age or Marriage that their parts or Shares Shall be Equally divided among the Survivors and if either of the two Lufkin's Should die before Age or Marriage that the Survivor Shall Enjoy the Others part or Share Lastly I Nominate and Appoint my Good Friends Martin Harper and Richard Beale to be Executors of this my Will disannulling All former Will or Wills by me made Ratifying and Confirming this and no Other to be my Last Will and Testament (Signed) Stephen Lufkin Signed Sealed and Declared to be the Last Will and Testament of him the said Stephen Lufkin in the presence of Us (Signed) Elisha Isacke William Dowse Onesifrus Gurling	The council recorded that the will disposed of a maid named Katharine and her child, also named Katharine, belonging to the estate of Lufkin's son-in-law John Young, deceased, and for this consideration he hoped his grandchildren, being the children of John Young, would be contented and satisfied. Item, he desired his executors would put all the rest and residue of his estate not yet given away, be it in what kind soever, lands or chattels, to public sale, and after all debts, funeral charges and legacies were fully paid and satisfied, he gave the remainder to be equally divided and delivered at age or marriage among his grandchildren, namely Stephen, George and Mary, the children of his son-in-law John Young, deceased, and Robert and Joseph, the children of his son Joseph Lufkin, deceased. He directed that if either or any of the Young grandchildren should die before age or marriage, their parts or shares should be equally divided among the survivors, and that if either of the two Lufkin grandchildren should die before age or marriage, the survivor should enjoy the other's part or share. Lastly, he nominated and appointed his good friends Martin Harper and Richard Beale executors of his will, disannulling all former will or wills made by him, and ratifying and confirming this and no other to be his last will and testament. Signed, Stephen Lufkin, his mark. Signed, sealed and declared to be the last will and testament of Stephen Lufkin in the presence of us. Signed, Elisha Isaac, William Dowse, Onesiphorus Girling. Interpretations Lufkin's £30 laid down for Katharine's and her child's freedom, charged against the estate and offered as the reason his grandchildren should be content, treated manumission as a purchasable settlement item on the same footing as a house or a slave bequeathed outright, its cost weighed against what the Young grandchildren gave up elsewhere in the will rather than granted as an unconditional act. The careful survivorship clauses, running separately through the Young line and the Lufkin line rather than pooling all four grandchildren together, show a testator anticipating that two branches of his family, descended from a dead son and a dead son-in-law, might otherwise dispute an estate divided without such express provision.
184		181	Mr. Thomas Greentree this day petitiond for a Lease for Twelve Acres and an half of Lease Land Which he had purchased of Joseph Kester the old Lease being Expired. Granted the following Lease Vizt. Island Saint Helena The Lords proprietors of this Island The Honourable the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies DO hereby demise Grant Sett and to farm Sett to Thomas Greentree of this Island planter All that peice or parcell of Land Containing Twelve and half Acres of Land Scituate Lying and being in Sandy Bay Valley Buttring & Bounding North Part upon James Greentrees Land and part upon Richard Greentrees East upon the High Redges and rock Called Coles Rock South upon James Greentrees Land and West upon Two Land belonging to the said Thomas Greentree with the Appertenances To have and to hold the said hereby demised parcells of land and Every Part and Parcell thereof together with all and Singular the Wood Waters Watercourses Houses Buildings Edifices Sheds Tenements Yams and Plantations of Yams Fruit Trees Wayes Fences and All Other and Singular the Rights and Commoditys to them and Each and Every of them belonging or Appertaining unto him the said Thomas Greentree his Heirs Executors Admors or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for and during All the Space or Term of Twenty Two Years from thence next Ensueing Upon Condition That he the said Thomas Greentree his Heirs Executors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall and do bear true Faith and Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George his Heirs and Successors, and shall duly Obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island And Upon Condition	Thomas Greentree that day petitioned for a lease of twelve acres and a half of leasehold land which he had purchased of Joseph Baker, the old lease being expired. The council granted the following lease. Island St Helena. The lords proprietors of this island, the Honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, hereby demised, granted, sold and to farm let to Thomas Greentree of this island, planter, all that piece or parcel of land containing twelve and a half acres of land, situate lying and being in Sandy Bay Valley, butting and bounding north part upon James Greentree's land and part upon Richard Greentree's, east upon the high ridges and rock called Coles Rock, south upon James Greentree's land, and west upon two acres of land belonging to Thomas Greentree, with the appurtenances. To have and to hold the said hereby demised parcel of land and every part and parcel thereof, together with all and singular the woods, waters, watercourses, houses, buildings, edifices, sheds, tenements, yams and plantations of yams, fruit trees, ways, fences and all other and singular the rights and commodities to them and each and every of them belonging or appertaining, unto Thomas Greentree, his heirs, executors, administrators or allowed assigns, from the date hereof, for and during the space or term of twenty-one years from thence next ensuing, upon condition that Greentree, his heirs, executors, administrators or allowed assigns, should bear true faith and allegiance to their sovereign lord King George, his heirs and successors, and should duly obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. And upon condition
185		182	also That He the said Thomas Greentree his Heirs Executors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall and do from time to time and at all times hereafter during the Term of this present Lease keep up and Maintain in Good Order and Sufficient and Legall Repair All Such Buildings houses Edifices Sheds Tenements plantations and Fences As now are or hereafter Shall be made Built or Erected thereon And Shall Moreover plant keep and preserve in and Upon the said hereby demised parcells of Land the Whole Quantity of Wood or as much as it can Conveniently Contain And Shall Likewise plant and preserve Same within Side and without the Fences of the said Parcells of Land and Shall plant Fruit Trees in Such parts thereof Wherein they are most Likely to grow and as they Shall happen to Decay or dye replant Others of the like Sort thereon without Hurt or Prejudice Nevertheless to any part of Such Lands as Shall be Sett apart for the Sole purpose of planting and raising of Yams Yeilding and paying therefore Yearly and Every Year during the Term of this present Lease unto them the said Honourable Company their Successors Agents and Assigns the Sum of Five Shillings per Acre in at or Upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Archangell Yearly And upon further Condition That He the said Thomas Greentree his Heirs Extors or Allowed Assigns Shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave and consent of the Governour and Councill for the time being In Witness Whereof we the said Governour and Councill have to these presents sett our hands affixed the Honble Companys Seal at St. Helena aforesaid this day of July in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven hundred and forty four And the said Thomas Greentree to the Other part hath Sett	The lease continued that Greentree, his heirs, executors, administrators or allowed assigns, should from time to time and at all times hereafter, during the term of the lease, keep up and maintain in good order and sufficient and legal repair all such buildings, houses, edifices, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences as now stood or should hereafter be built or erected on the land. He was also to plant, keep and preserve upon the demised land the whole quantity of wood it could conveniently bear, to plant and preserve hedges within and without the fences of the land, and to plant fruit trees where they were most likely to grow, replanting others of the same kind wherever any should decay or die. The lease provided that this obligation should not extend to any part of the land set apart solely for planting and raising yams. Greentree was to pay the Company, its successors, agents and assigns, five shillings an acre yearly, payable at or upon the feast of St Michael the Archangel. It was further conditioned that he should not sell or dispose of the lease or his interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council for the time being. The Governor and council set their hands to the lease and affixed the Company's seal at St Helena in July, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty-four, and Thomas Greentree, for his part, set
186		183	Sett his hand and Seal the day and Year abovewritten. (Signd) David Dunbar Chas. Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Mathew Purling On the first Instt. Sailed the Portugueze Ship from hence for Lisbon. The Govr. Laid the following Letter before us Which he Recd. from the Portugueze Captain on the 29th. June last, Vizt. Sir I take this Opportunity of returning ye Honble Thanks for ye Good Reception We have found in this Island, I am now Obliged to ask ye Honble concurrence, if in case it can be done without any Prejudice to ye Garrison of this Island, to Assist us with ye following Stores out of ye Companys Warehouse. A Chaldron of Sea Coals A Large Hogshead of Salt Pork Twenty Bushells of Pease Which provisions We want for our Voyage home, And as ye Powder we bring is very much damaged, and almost Incapable of Service, if ye Honble could Spare us a few Barrells, it would be a very Great favour For We certainly are not in a Condition of defending ourselves in Case it Should be our Misfortune to meet with any Algerine Yr. Honble may be Assured that upon my Arrivall at Portugall it Shall be made known to the King my Master, of Great Assistance and Succour we have here met with, and ye Curteous, and Civill treatment	Thomas Greentree set his hand and seal the day and year abovewritten. Signed, David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Matthew Purling. The Portuguese ship sailed from there for Lisbon on the first instant. The Governor laid before the council the following letter, which he had received from the Portuguese captain on 29 June last. The captain wrote that he took the opportunity of returning his thanks for the good reception the ship had found on the island, and was now obliged to ask the council's concurrence, in case it could be done without any prejudice to the garrison, to assist him with the following stores out of the Company's warehouse: a chaldron of sea coals, a large hogshead of salt pork, and twenty bushels of pease. He explained that these were provisions he wanted for the voyage home, and that as the powder he brought was very much damaged and almost incapable of service, it would be a very great favour if the council could spare a few barrels, since he was certainly not in a condition to defend himself should he have the misfortune to meet with any Algerine. He assured the council that upon his arrival in Portugal, it should be made known to the king his master what great assistance and succour he had met with there, and what courteous and civil treatment
187		184	treatment with which yr. Honble hath favoured us, Which we Always desired, Considering the Strict Alliance, and Friendship existing between the Crowns of Great Brittain and Portugall. I am Always ready at yr. Honble Commands Whose person God preserve many Years, from on board the Lusitania ye 10th. July 1744 N.S. Your Honours Most Humble & Obliged Servant Joseph da Costa Ribeiro To the Honble. Colonel Dunbar Governour of ye Island of St. Helena Upon reading the above Letter and upon their Further Application for Other Necessarys We Agreed to Supply them with the following Vizt. 1 Chaldron of Coals 8 Bottles Florence Oyle 2 Wine & Water Glasses 200 Sulphur Chiles 2 Punchions Pork 12 Bushells Pease 6 Barrells Gun Powder 6 Spunge Staves 6 Spunge Heads 6 Rammer Heads 2 Sheep Skins David Dunbar Chas. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	On reading the letter, and upon their further application for other necessaries, the council agreed to supply the Portuguese captain with the following. 1.5 chaldrons of coal 8 bottles Florence oil 2 wine and water glasses 2 chests sulphur candles 2 puncheons pork 12 bushels pease 6 barrels gunpowder 6 sponge staves 6 sponge heads 6 rammer heads 2 sheep skins Signed, David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling. Interpretations The council's grant, running well beyond the captain's original request of coal, salt pork and pease to include gunpowder and a full set of gunnery fittings, shows it treating the powder shortage as the more pressing danger, a foreign merchantman defenceless against Barbary corsairs on the Lisbon run being a risk the council judged worth the Company's own stores to relieve, consistent with the strict alliance between Britain and Portugal the captain's letter had invoked.
188		185	At A Consultation held the Tenth of July 1743 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr. Capt. Charles Hutchinson Lieut. Govr. Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council. Matthew Purling The Last Consultation was read & Approvd. Mr. Richard Goodwin presented the following Petition Vizt. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr. Govr. & the Council of Saint Helena The Humble Petition of Richard Goodwin of this Island Exor. of Edmund Nicholls of this Island deceased. Sheweth That by Lease dated 25th. March 1719 the aforesaid Edmd. Nicholls stood possessed of certain Lands on this Island during the Lives of him the said Edmund Nicholls Robert Nicholls & Elizabeth Nicholls renewable on the Deaths of either of the aforesaid Nomineees That yr. Petr. as Exor. to the sd. Edmund Nicholls did by Endorsement on the Back of the afd. Lease dated the 16th. day of Novr. 1738 obtain Liberty to insert the Names of John Nicholls & George Nicholls in the room of the afsd. Edmund Nicholls and Robert Nicholls deceased That the said George Nicholls and Elizabeth Nicholls are Since dead Your Petr. therefore humbly prays that the Names of Martin Harper and Matthew Bazett of this Island may be inserted in the rooms of the sd. Geo. & Eliz. Nicholls decd. & a New Lease Granted him Accordingly. And yr. Petr. Shall Ever pray (Signd) Richard Godwin St. Helena 10th. July 1743.	At a consultation held the tenth of July 1744 at the castle, Colonel David Dunbar presided as Governor, with Captain Charles Hutchinson as Lieutenant Governor, and Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as council. The council read and approved the previous consultation. Richard Goodwin presented the following petition, addressed to David Dunbar, Governor, and the council of St Helena. The petition of Richard Goodwin of this island, executor of Edmund Nicholls of this island, deceased, stated that by a lease dated 25 March 1719 the said Edmund Nicholls stood possessed of certain lands on the island during the lives of himself, Robert Nicholls and Elizabeth Nicholls, renewable on the deaths of either of the aforesaid nominees. It stated that Goodwin, as executor to Edmund Nicholls, had by endorsement on the back of the lease, dated 16 November 1738, obtained liberty to insert the names of John Nicholls and George Nicholls in the room of Edmund Nicholls and Robert Nicholls, deceased. It stated that George Nicholls and Elizabeth Nicholls were since dead. Goodwin therefore humbly prayed that the names of Martin Harper and Matthew Bazett of this island might be inserted in the room of the said George and Elizabeth Nicholls, deceased, and a new lease granted him accordingly. Signed, Richard Goodwin, St Helena, 10 July 1744. Interpretations The lease's chain of substituted lives, Edmund and Robert Nicholls replaced by John and George Nicholls in 1738 and now George and Elizabeth Nicholls to be replaced by Martin Harper and Matthew Bazett, shows a leasehold on lives being kept perpetually renewable through successive endorsements rather than lapsing on the original nominees' deaths, a device that let a tenancy granted in 1719 remain current a quarter-century later so long as fresh names were substituted before the last named life expired.
189		186	Granted & the Secy. was Ordered to make a New Lease Accordingly. The Governour reports that Mr. John Goodwin offerd to Let him have 150 Deal Boards at 15 p. Hundred as they Cost him. The Company wanting Deals very much We Agree to take them & pay Mr. Goodwin Accordingly. We this day executed the following Lease to Mr. James Greentree Granted in Consultation of 5th. June Last, Vizt. Island St. Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble. the United Compy. of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies DO hereby demise Grant Sett & to farm Sett unto James Greentree of the said Island planter All that peice or parcell of Land Containing two Acres be the same more or less Scituat Lying & being in Lemmon Valley in the said Island Bounding North on Land belonging to Joseph Powell & East West & South or West Land belonging to the Honble East India Compy. all Ways Waters Watercourses Woods & Appertncs. to the said two Acres of Land belonging or Appertaining To have and To hold the said hereby demised two Acres of Land with the Appurts & Every part & parcell thereof unto him the said James Greentree his Heirs Exors. Admors. or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date of these presents for and during all the Term of Twenty One Years from thence next Ensueing Upon Condition that He the said James Greentree his Heirs Exors. Admors. & Assigns do & Shall bear true Faith and Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George his Heirs and	The council granted the petition and ordered the secretary to make a new lease accordingly. The Governor reported that John Goodwin had offered him 150 deal boards at 15 shillings a hundred, the price they had cost him. The council, badly wanting deals, agreed to take them and pay Goodwin. That day the council executed a lease to James Greentree, granted at the consultation of 15 June last, for two acres of land in Lemon Valley, bordering Joseph Powell's land to the north and the Company's land on the other three sides, together with all the ways, waters, watercourses, woods and appurtenances belonging to the land. The lease gave Greentree, his heirs, executors, administrators or allowed assigns, the land for twenty-one years from the date of the lease, on condition that Greentree, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, bear true faith and allegiance to their sovereign lord King George, his heirs and
190		187	and Successors and to them the said Honourable Company and to their Successors and Shall duly Obey all the Laws and constitutions of the said Island and upon condition Also that he the said James Greentree his Heirs Executors Administrators or Assigns do or Shall at the End or determination of this present Lease Yeild up and Surrender in Good order and repair unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns all the said parcell of Ground with all and Singular the Appurtanances thereunto belonging or Appertaining Yeilding and paying therefore Yearly and every Year during the Term hereby granted unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Sum of five Shillings for Every Acre in at or upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Archangell Yearly And upon further Condition that he said James Greentree his Heirs Executors or allowed Assigns Shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave and consent of the Governour and Council for the time being In Witness Whereof we the said Governour and Council have to these presents Sett our Hands and affixed the Honourable Companys Seal in St. Helena aforesaid this Tenth day of July in the Year of our Lord one thousand Seven hundred and forty four and the said James Greentree hath to the other part Sett his Hand and Seal (Signed) David Dunbar Chas. Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling The Husband, Gunner, and Steward, this Day brought in their accounts, for the Months of June, which were Examined and approvd, and are as follows Vizt.	successors, and duly obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. The lease further conditioned that Greentree, his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, should at the end of the term yield up and surrender the land, in good order and repair, to the Company, its successors, agents or assigns, together with all the appurtenances belonging to it, yielding and paying yearly during the term the sum of five shillings for every acre, payable at the feast of St Michael the Archangel. It further conditioned that Greentree, his heirs, executors or allowed assigns, should not sell or dispose of the lease or his interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council for the time being. In witness whereof the Governor and council set their hands to the lease and affixed the Company's seal at St Helena on the tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty-four, and James Greentree, for his part, set his hand and seal. Signed, David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling. The husband, gunner and steward brought in their accounts for the month of June that day, which were examined and approved, and stood as follows.
191		188	Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c. for the Month of June 1744 Vizt. Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ews, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ews, Weathers, Kidds, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total Rem. 1st. June: Bullocks 34, Cows 105, Heifers 25, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 64, Bulls 6, Total 312, Ews 98, Weathers 19, Lambs 28, Rams 3, Total 148, Ews 147, Weathers 47, Kidds 86, Rams 2, Total 282, Sows 38, Barrows 22, Shoats 20, Piggs 10, Boars 3, Total 93, Turkeys 62, Fowls 177, Ducks 24, Geese 5, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Increasd in Do.: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 15, Bulls 0, Total 15, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 12, Rams 0, Total 12, Ews 0, Weathers 7, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 7, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowls 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 34, Cows 105, Heifers 25, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 79, Bulls 6, Total 327, Ews 98, Weathers 19, Lambs 40, Rams 3, Total 160, Ews 147, Weathers 47, Kidds 93, Rams 2, Total 289, Sows 38, Barrows 22, Shoats 20, Piggs 10, Boars 3, Total 93, Turkeys 62, Fowls 177, Ducks 24, Geese 5, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Killd in Do.: Bullocks 13, Cows 2, Heifers 1, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 2, Bulls 0, Total 18, Ews 1, Weathers 3, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 4, Ews 0, Weathers 1, Kidds 1, Rams 0, Total 2, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 11, Fowls 40, Ducks 8, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Sent on board his Majestys Ships: Bullocks 9, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 9, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 4, Fowls 52, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 19, Cows 103, Heifers 24, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 77, Bulls 6, Total 307, Ews 97, Weathers 16, Lambs 40, Rams 3, Total 156, Ews 147, Weathers 46, Kidds 92, Rams 2, Total 287, Sows 38, Barrows 22, Shoats 20, Piggs 10, Boars 3, Total 98, Turkeys 47, Fowls 85, Ducks 16, Geese 3, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Died in Do.: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 1, Barrows 0, Shoats 1, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 2, Fowls 4, Ducks 1, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Stole in Do.: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kidds 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowls 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Rem. 30th. June: Bullocks 19, Cows 103, Heifers 24, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 77, Bulls 6, Total 307, Ews 96, Weathers 16, Lambs 40, Rams 3, Total 155, Ews 146, Weathers 46, Kidds 92, Rams 2, Total 286, Sows 37, Barrows 22, Shoats 19, Piggs 10, Boars 3, Total 91, Turkeys 45, Fowls 81, Ducks 15, Geese 5, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 428 lb Beeff Expended. 116 lb Veale. 999 lb Beeff Sold to the Princess Amelia 1010 lb Do. to the Exeter 1715 lb Do. to his Majestys Ship Sutherland 1 Bullock Sent on board the Sutherland 1 Do. Sent on board the Hector. Yams Expended at the Several Plantations - - 21008 One Man Slave died the 26th. Named Jemmy Aged 62 Years One Woman Do. died the 30th. Named Sarah Aged 72 Years.	Account of the Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of June 1744: Remaining 1 June: 34 bullocks, 105 cows, 25 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 64 calves, 6 bulls, total 312 neat cattle; 98 ewes, 19 wethers, 28 lambs, 3 rams, total 148 sheep; 147 ewes, 47 wethers, 86 kids, 2 rams, total 282 goats; 38 sows, 22 barrows, 20 shoats, 10 piggs, 3 boars, total 93 hogs; 62 turkeys, 177 fowls, 24 ducks, 5 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses Increased in ditto: 15 calves, total 15 neat cattle; 12 lambs, total 12 sheep; 7 kids, total 7 goats Total: 34 bullocks, 105 cows, 25 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 79 calves, 6 bulls, total 327 neat cattle; 98 ewes, 19 wethers, 40 lambs, 3 rams, total 160 sheep; 147 ewes, 47 wethers, 93 kids, 2 rams, total 289 goats; 38 sows, 22 barrows, 20 shoats, 10 piggs, 3 boars, total 93 hogs; 62 turkeys, 188 fowls, 32 ducks, 5 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses Killed in ditto: 13 bullocks, 2 cows, 1 heifer, 2 calves, total 18 neat cattle; 1 ewe, 3 wethers, total 4 sheep; 1 ewe, 1 wether, 1 kid, total 2 goats; 1 turkey, total 1 turkey Sent on board His Majesty's ships: 9 bullocks, total 9 neat cattle Total: 19 bullocks, 103 cows, 24 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 77 calves, 6 bulls, total 307 neat cattle; 97 ewes, 16 wethers, 40 lambs, 3 rams, total 156 sheep; 147 ewes, 46 wethers, 92 kids, 2 rams, total 287 goats; 38 sows, 22 barrows, 20 shoats, 10 piggs, 3 boars, total 93 hogs; 47 turkeys, 85 fowls, 16 ducks, 3 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses Died in ditto: 1 sow, total 1 hog; 2 turkeys, 4 fowls, 1 duck Stolen in ditto: 1 fowl Remaining 30 June: 19 bullocks, 103 cows, 24 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 77 calves, 6 bulls, total 307 neat cattle; 96 ewes, 16 wethers, 40 lambs, 3 rams, total 155 sheep; 146 ewes, 46 wethers, 92 kids, 2 rams, total 286 goats; 37 sows, 22 barrows, 19 shoats, 10 piggs, 3 boars, total 91 hogs; 45 turkeys, 81 fowls, 15 ducks, 5 geese; 7 horses, 8 mares, total 15 horses 428 lb beef expended 116 lb veal ditto 999 lb beef sold to the Princess Amelia 1,010 lb ditto ditto to the Exeter 1,715 lb ditto ditto to His Majesty's ship Sutherland 1 bullock sent on board the Sutherland 1 ditto sent on board the Hector 21,000 yams expended at the several plantations One male slave died the 26th, named Jemmy, aged 62 years One woman ditto died the 30th, named Sarah, aged 72 years Interpretations Set against May's closing figures, neat cattle fell only slightly, from 312 to 307, but the composition shows the same pressure continuing: 18 head killed and 9 more sent aboard the departing convoy ships in a single month, against 15 calves born, with beef sold to the Princess Amelia, Exeter and Sutherland running to well over 3,000 lb besides two whole bullocks given outright to the warships. Poultry took the heaviest loss of the month, turkeys falling from 62 to 45 and fowls from 177 to 81, more than half gone between killing, death and theft, the stock plainly still absorbing the same surge of shipping recorded through May now reaching its climax as the fleet prepared to sail under convoy at month's end.
192		189	Gunners Stores Expended from 1st. June to 30th. 1744 Vizt. Guns Fird, 9lb, 6lb, 4lb, 3lb, 2lb, ½lb, Powder Expended 5th. Alarm: Guns Fird 6, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 2, 3lb 2, 2lb 0, ½lb 2, Powder Expended 13 Do. Arrived the Sutherland Capt. Pocock: Guns Fird 21, 9lb 1, 6lb 5, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 15, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 42 Do. Fired for Capt. Pococks Landing: Guns Fird 21, 9lb 1, 6lb 5, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 15, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 42 11th. Fired for the Kings Accession to the Throne: Guns Fird 21, 9lb 1, 6lb 5, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 15, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 42 13th. Alarm: Guns Fird 6, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 2, 3lb 2, 2lb 0, ½lb 2, Powder Expended 13 Do. Arrived the Princess Amelia Capt. Martin: Guns Fird 9, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 9, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 9 14th. Alarm: Guns Fird 6, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 2, 3lb 2, 2lb 0, ½lb 2, Powder Expended 13 Do. Arrived the Exeter Capt. Weston: Guns Fird 9, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 9, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 9 23. Alarm: Guns Fird 6, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 2, 3lb 2, 2lb 0, ½lb 2, Powder Expended 13 24. Departed the Southerland, Capt. Pocock, The Hector, Capt. Lake, The Heathcote, Capt. Cape, Princess of Wales, Capt. Harry, The Haslingfield, Capt. Halden, The Royall Guardian, Capt. Benson, The Exeter, Capt. Weston, The Harrington, Capt. Foules, & the Princess Amelia, Capt. Martin: Guns Fird 105, 9lb 2, 6lb 13, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 90, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 156 Do. Arrived a Portugueze Ship: Guns Fird 9, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 9, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 9 5 Horns of Powder Expended for priming: Guns Fird 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 15 Powder for the Guard & Out Ports: Guns Fird 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 46 Powder for Exercising: Guns Fird 0, 9lb 0, 6lb 0, 4lb 0, 3lb 0, 2lb 0, ½lb 0, Powder Expended 109 Total: Guns Fird 219, 9lb 5, 6lb 28, 4lb 8, 3lb 0, 2lb 142, ½lb 8, Powder Expended 531 Paper 15 lb Match 49 lb Badge Barrells 4. Handspikes 4. Rammer Heads 6. Portugeeze Spunge Staves 6. Do. Sheep Skins 2. Do. Lead Shott 9. lb Spunge Heads 6. Portugeeze June 30th. 1744 Delivered to the Portugueeze Ship Six Barrells Powder (Signd) John French Expended	Gunner's stores expended from 1 to 30 June 1744, columns guns fired / 9 pounders / 6 do / 4 do / 3 do / 2 do / half do / powder expended: 5th, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 13 lb powder Ditto, arrived the Sutherland, Captain Peacock: 21, 1, 5, 0, 0, 15, 0, 42 lb powder Ditto, fired for Captain Peacock's landing: 21, 1, 5, 0, 0, 15, 0, 42 lb powder 11th, fired for the King's accession to the throne: 21, 1, 5, 0, 0, 15, 0, 42 lb powder 13th, alarm: 6, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 13 lb powder Ditto, arrived the Princess Amelia, Captain Martin: 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9 lb powder 14th, alarm: 6, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 13 lb powder Ditto, arrived the Exeter, Captain Weston: 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9 lb powder 23rd, alarm: 6, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 13 lb powder 24th, departed the Sutherland, Captain Peacock, the Hector, Captain Lake, the Heathcote, Captain Cape, the Princess of Wales, Captain Harry, the Haslingfield, Captain Ralston, the Royal Guardian, Captain Benson, the Exeter, Captain Weston, the Harrington, Captain Coutts, and the Princess Amelia, Captain Martin: 105, 2, 13, 0, 0, 90, 0, 156 lb powder Ditto, arrived a Portuguese ship: 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9 lb powder 5 horns of powder expended for priming: 15 lb Powder for the guard and out ports: 46 lb Powder for exercising: 109 lb Total: 219 guns fired, 5 nine-pounders, 28 six-pounders, 8 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 142 two-pounders, 8 half-pounders, 531 lb powder Paper, 15 quire Match, 49 lb Badge barrels, 4 Handspikes, 4 Rammer heads, 6 Sponge staves, 6 ditto Sheep skins, 2 ditto Lead shot, 9 lb Sponge heads, 6, Portuguese On 30 June 1744 the council delivered to the Portuguese ship six barrels of powder. Signed, John French. Interpretations The salute fired on 24 June for the departure of nine ships together, the Sutherland, Hector, Heathcote, Princess of Wales, Haslingfield, Royal Guardian, Exeter, Harrington and Princess Amelia, at 105 guns and 156 lb of powder, was by far the single heaviest expenditure in the whole run from March to June, larger than any alarm, arrival or royal salute recorded that season. Set against the monthly totals already established, 227 lb in March, 281.5 lb in April and 509 lb in May, June's 531 lb continued the same steady climb, the mass departure salute alone accounting for close to a third of the month's whole consumption and marking the natural high point of a shipping season that had been building since Powell's departure was first announced.
193		190	Expended at the Generall Table from the 1st. June to 30th. 1744 Vizt. 87 Bottles of Port Wine 5 18 8½ 4. Do. Red Cape . 5 6 105. Do. Lisbon 7 7 7¼ 24. Do. White Cape 1 12 8½ 16. Do. Madera 1 4 . 6. Do. Old Hock 140. Do. Beer 1 6 7½ 7. Do. Florence Oyle . 17 6 80. Gallons Arrack 11 . . 118 lb Sugar 1 4 7 60 lb Candy . 18 9 2¾ Casks of Flower 4 4 1¼ 1 lb Pepper . . 6 2. Bushells Salt . 11 8 2 P. Salt Beeff . 5 10½ 25 Do. Salt Pork 2 5 10 1 Goat . 10 . 4 Sheep 4 . . 38 Fowls 2 17 . 11 Turkeys 2 15 . 6 Ducks . 9 . 1 Kidd . 5 . 90 lb Butter 4 10 . 25 lb Cheese 1 5 . 120 lb Veal 3 . . 428 lb Beeff 5 7 . 42 lb Candles 800 Lemons 72 Eggs Total£65.16.11½	Expended at the general table from 1 to 30 June 1744: 87 bottles port wine, £5 18s 8.5d 4 ditto red Cape, £0 5s 6d 105 ditto Lisbon, £7 7s 7.75d 24 ditto white Cape, £1 12s 8.5d 16 ditto Madeira, £1 4s 0d 6 ditto old hock, £0 0s 0d 140 ditto beer, £1 6s 7.5d 7 ditto Florence oil, £0 17s 6d 90 gallons arrack, £11 0s 0d 118 lb sugar, £1 4s 7d 60 lb candy, £0 18s 9d 2.75 casks flour, £4 4s 1.25d 1 lb pepper, £0 0s 6d 2 bushels salt, £0 11s 8d 2 lb salt beef, £0 3s 10.5d 25 lb salt pork, £2 5s 10d 1 goat, £0 10s 0d 4 sheep, £4 0s 0d 38 fowls, £2 17s 0d 11 turkeys, £2 15s 0d 6 ducks, £0 9s 0d 1 kid, £0 5s 0d 90 lb butter, £4 10s 0d 25 lb cheese, £1 5s 0d 120 lb veal, £3 0s 0d 428 lb beef, £5 7s 0d 42 lb candles, £0 16s 0d 800 lemons, [...] 72 eggs, [...] Total, £65 6s 11.5d Interpretations June's table bill of £65 6s 11.5d, the highest of the four months recorded since Powell's departure (£61 10s 7.75d in April, £63 12s 8.5d in May), rose on the same wine and arrack lines that had dominated every earlier month, but now alongside a notably heavier spread of fresh meat, fowls, turkeys, sheep, veal and beef together, consistent with a garrison entertaining the commanders of nine departing ships and a newly arrived Portuguese captain within the same few weeks recorded in the gunner's account.
194		191	The pay Master this day brought in his pay Account for the Months of April May and June which was Examind & Approved & is as follows Vizt. List of the Honble Companies Servants upon the Island St. Helena wth. their Several Salarys Diet Money &c. Vizt. David Dunbar Esqr. Govr. 156 14 9 Charles Hutchinson Lieut. Govr. 62 10 . Christopher Dixon 3d. of Council 20 . . John Goodwin 4th. of Do.£15.- Do. Accomptant 7.18.1½ 22 18 1½ Matthew Purling 5th. of Council 17 10 . Edwin Alcock Chaplain 40 . . Joshua Twynam Factor includg. Diet from 1st. May 12 8 . Francis Wrangham Writer to 1st. June£1.8.1½ Do. Factor from 1st. do. 6.8.7½ 19 16 8¾ James Powell Writer includg. diet & house rent 12 1 3 Joseph Darvall Do. includg. diet from 1st. May 9 18 . Thomas French Do. includg. diet & house rent 12 1 3 Margarett Goodwin 15 . . Samuel Doveton Fiscar 15 . . James DuBois Surgeon 23 10 . Willey Rich. Pickering Do. Enterd 29th. May at £39.- & Ann. Salry. & 10s. house rent 1 5 11 John Twaits 7 10 . Richard Gurling Overseers 9 10 . Richard Fenolly 6 5 . John Leech Marshall£1.7.9 Do. Custms. Master 1.5.- 5 12 9 John Crab, Armourer at £42.1.3 p Annum 10 10 3¾ John Barton Overseer at Fortification 6 5 . William Hayes Master of Arms 6 5 . Richard Beale School Master 3 8 3 Nicholas Chather Steward 7 10 . Carried over£502 10 4	The paymaster that day brought in his pay account for the months of April, May and June, which was examined, approved and stood as follows. List of the Company's servants upon the island of St Helena with their several salaries, diet money and the like: David Dunbar Esquire, Governor, £150 14s 9d Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor, £62 10s 0d Christopher Dixon, third of council, £20 0s 0d John Goodwin, fourth of ditto, £15 0s 0d, ditto accountant £7 18s 1.5d, £22 18s 1.5d Matthew Purling, fifth of council, £17 10s 0d Edwin Alcock, chaplain, £40 0s 0d Joshua Swynam, factor, including diet from 1 May, £12 8s 0d Francis Wrangham, writer to 1 June, £11 8s 1.5d; ditto factor from 1 ditto, £6 8s 7.5d; total £19 16s 8.5d James Powell, writer, including diet and house rent, £12 1s 3d Joseph Darvall, ditto, including diet from 1 May, £9 18s 0d Thomas French, ditto, including diet and house rent, £12 1s 3d Margarett Goodwin, £15 0s 0d Samuel Doveton, reeve, £15 0s 0d James DuBois, surgeon, £23 10s 0d William Rich Pickering, ditto, entered 29 May at £3 9s [...], and diet £7 8d, house rent, £1 5s 11d John Twaits, £9 10s 0d Richard Girling, overseer, £9 10s 0d Richard Sewelly, overseer, £6 5s 0d John Leech Marshall, £4 7s 9d; ditto gaoler, £1 5s 0d; £5 12s 9d John Crab, armourer, at £2 1s 3d per annum, £10 10s 3.75d John Banton, overseer at fortifications, £6 5s 0d William Hayes, master of arms, £6 5s 0d Richard Beale, schoolmaster, £3 8s 3d Nicholas Chather, steward, £9 10s 0d Carried over, £502 10s 4d Interpretations The list, running from Governor Dunbar's £150 14s 9d down to the schoolmaster's £3 8s 3d, sets out the whole visible cost of running the island's civil and religious establishment for a quarter, and shows several offices, Wrangham's shift from writer to factor mid-quarter, Powell's and French's pay bundled with diet and house rent, Pickering's part-quarter entry, all itemised separately enough that no single figure could be padded or misattributed without the discrepancy showing against the named individual, the same transparency the council had found conspicuously absent from Powell's own household and store accounts earlier in the audit.
195		192	Brought over 502 10 4 William Dowse Gardener 9 11 3 Edward Kinsley Wheelwright 12 10 . Robt. Maycock Cooper 8 15 . Willm. Lewis Lime Blaster 7 10 . Willm. Price Clerk 3 8 3 Henry Moyce Carpenter 4 1 11 548 9 9 First Company Vizt. John Clarke Daniel Owen Lieutenank 17 10 . 16 16 10½ Willm. Hayes Adjutant 17 1 3 51 8 1½ Serjeants Vizt. Henry Beale 6 14 6 Onesiphorus Beale 6 14 6 John Leech disch. 27th. April 1 5 ½ Barthlomew Molloy Corpl. from 17. April - 16.1 Do. Serjant from 17. April - 5.9.¾ 6 5 1¾ 20 19 5½ Corporals Vizt. Richard Harper disch. the 17th. April . 16 1 John Collin 1 7 9 Danl. Langton Contind. to 17th. April - 12.8½ Do. Corporal from 17th. Do. - 3.11.1¾ 1 3 10½ Solomon Jacobs Continued to 17th. Do. - 12.8½ Do. Corporal from 17th. Do. - 3.11.1¼ 1 3 10½ 13 11 9½ Thomas Watts Drummer 1 7 9 Sentinels Vizt. Willm. Aynzer 3 8 3 George Bennitt 3 8 3 First Compd. Carried over£6 16 6 Pay Carried Over£638 16 10¾	Brought over, £502 10s 4d William Dowse, gardener, £9 11s 3d Edward Kinslow, wheelwright, £12 10s 0d Robert Waycock, cooper, £8 15s 0d William Lewis, lime blaster, £7 10s 0d William Price, clerk, £3 8s 3d Henry Moyce, carpenter, £4 4s 11d Total, £548 9s 9d First company: John Clarke, lieutenant, £17 10s 0d Daniel Owen, ditto, £16 16s 10.5d William Hayes, adjutant, £17 1s 3d Total, £51 8s 1.5d Sergeants: Henry Beale, £6 14s 6d Onesiphorus Beale, £6 14s 6d John Leach, discharged 17 April, £1 5s 0.5d Bartholomew Molloy, corporal to 17 April, £16 1d; ditto sergeant from 17 April, £5 9s 7.5d Total, £20 19s 5.5d Corporals: Richard Napper, discharged 17 April, £0 16s 4d John Collin, £1 7s 9d Daniel Langton, sentinel to 17 April, £12 8.75d; ditto corporal from 17 ditto, £3 11s 1.75d Solomon Jacobs, sentinel to 17 ditto, £12 8.5d; ditto corporal from 17 ditto, £3 11s 1.75d Total, £13 11s 9.5d Thomas Watts, drummer, £4 9s 9d Sentinels: William Aynzer, £3 8s 3d George Bennett, £3 8s 3d First company carried over, £6 16s 6d Pay carried over, £638 16s 10.25d Interpretations The mid-quarter promotions running through the sergeants and corporals, Molloy from corporal to sergeant and Langton and Jacobs both from sentinel to corporal, all dated from 17 April, the pay split into two rates either side of that day for each man, show the same care for exact, auditable dating that ran through the Bazett and Dixon settlements elsewhere in the record, ensuring no man drew a higher rate before the date his promotion actually took effect.
196		193	First Company brot. Over£6 16 6 John Brown 3 8 3 Mathew Cammell 3 8 3 William Camble 3 8 3 Thomas Cope 3 8 3 Daniel Council 3 8 3 Peter Commings 3 8 3 Robert Currey 3 8 3 Edmund Dunfield 3 8 3 William Ensor 3 8 3 Thomas Fox 3 8 3 Thomas Gill 3 8 3 Daniel Hanchard 3 8 3 Giles Hayse 3 8 3 Robert Hayse 3 8 3 John Jane 3 8 3 John Jones 3 8 3 Wollaston Jones 3 8 3 William Kinslow 3 8 3 William Lambert 3 8 3 Alexander Lesden 3 8 0 Joseph Long 3 8 3 Stephen Lufkin 3 8 3 Thomas Manring 3 8 3 John March 3 8 3 Robert Mason 3 8 3 James Marchant 3 8 3 John Morgan 3 8 3 William News 3 8 3 William Dries 3 8 3 James Richardson 3 8 3 John Scotcher 3 8 3 First Compd. Carried over£112 12 3 Pay Carried Over -£638 16 10¾	Pay brought over, £638 16s 10.25d First company brought over, £6 16s 6d John Brown, £3 8s 3d Mathew Cammell, £3 8s 3d William Camble, £3 8s 3d Thomas Cope, £3 8s 3d Daniel Council, £3 8s 3d Peter Commings, £3 8s 3d Robert Currey, £3 8s 3d Edmund Dunfield, £3 8s 2d William Ensor, £3 8s 3d Thomas Fox, £3 8s 3d Thomas Gill, £3 8s 3d Daniel Flanchard, £3 8s 3d Giles Hayse, £3 8s 3d Robert Hayse, £3 8s 3d John Jane, £3 8s 3d John Jones, £3 8s 3d Wollaston Jones, £3 8s 3d William Kinslow, £3 8s 3d William Lambert, £3 8s 3d Alexander Loudon, £3 8s 0d Joseph Long, £3 8s 3d Stephen Lufkin, £3 8s 3d Thomas Manring, £3 8s 3d John March, £3 8s 3d Robert Mason, £3 8s 3d James Marchant, £3 8s 3d John Morgan, £3 8s 3d William Newis, £3 8s 3d William Dyer, £3 8s 3d James Richardson, £3 8s 3d John Scokker, £3 8s 3d First company carried over, £112 12s 3d Pay carried over, £638 16s 10.25d
197		194	First Compd. brot. Over£112 12 3 William Trotman Died ye. 30th. of April 1 2 5¾ James Vaughn 3 8 3 Thomas Wagg 3 8 3 Thomas Watson 3 8 3 Peter Wells 3 8 3 Henry Wise 3 8 3 William Young 3 8 3 Thomas Legg 3 8 3 John Spencer Quarter Gunner to 21st of April - 1.2.1½ Ditto Centinel from 21st. Do. 2.12.4¾ 3 14 4¾ Totall Amt. of 1. Compd. pay£141 6 10 Second Company Vizt. James Scot Joseph Kendall Lieutenants 19 6 10¾ 16 16 10½ 36 3 9 Serjeants Vizt. Edward Bagley 6 14 6 William Seale discharged 12th. April 1 6 6¾ Daniel Mason died ye. 5th. May 2 11. 6¾ John French Corporal to 20th. April - 19.2¾ Do. Serjeant from 20th. Do. 3.4.7¾ 6 3 10¾ Samuel Ashwick Corporal to 20th. Do. - 19.2¾ Do. Serjeant from 20th. Do. 5.4.7¾ 6 3 10¾ 23 - 4 Corporals Vizt. Gabriel Isack 4 7 9 James Long Centinel to ye. 20th. April - 14.11¾ Do. Corporal from 20th. Do. 3.8.3¾ 4 3 2¾ Second Compd. Carried over£8 10 11¾ Pay Carried Over£839 7 9¼	Pay brought over, £638 16s 10.25d First company brought over, £112 12s 3d William Trotman, died 30 April, £1 2s 5.25d James Gaughan, £3 8s 3d Thomas Wagg, £3 8s 3d Thomas Watson, £3 8s 3d Peter Wells, £3 8s 3d Henry Wise, £3 8s 3d William Young, £3 8s 3d Thomas Legg, £3 8s 3d John Spencer, quarter gunner to 21 April, sentinel from 21 ditto, £3 14s 4.5d Total first company's pay, £141 6s 10d Second company: James Scot, lieutenant, £19 6s 10.5d Joseph Kindall, lieutenant, £16 16s 10.5d Total, £36 3s 9d Sergeants: Edward Bagley, £6 14s 6d William Seale, discharged 18 April, £1 6s 6.25d Daniel Mason, died 5 May, £2 11s 6.25d John French, corporal to 20 April, sergeant from 26 ditto, £6 3s 10.5d Samuel Ashwick, corporal to 20 ditto, sergeant from 26 ditto, £6 3s 10.5d Total, £23 0s 4d Corporals: Gabriel Isack, £4 7s 9d James Long, sentinel to 20 April, corporal from 26 ditto, £4 3s 2.25d Second company carried over, £8 10s 11.75d Pay carried over, £839 7s 9.25d Interpretations The first company's roll records two deaths within the quarter, William Trotman on 30 April and, in the second company, Daniel Mason on 5 May, both men's pay stopped and reckoned only to the day, while William Seale's discharge on 18 April was treated the same way, the establishment's cost following each man precisely to the date he left it rather than paying out a round quarter regardless. John French's and Samuel Ashwick's identical promotions from corporal to sergeant on 26 April, each drawing the same combined sum, show two men advanced together to fill the vacancies Bagley's continuing service and the losses among the sergeants had opened.
198		195	Second Compd. brot. Over£8 10 11¾ Robert Mason Centinel to 8th. May - 1.3.5 Do. Corporal from 8th. Do. 2.14.11½ 3 19 4½ 12 10 4¼ Thomas London Drummer 4 7 9 Centinels Vizt. James Allis 3 8 3 Edward Allis 3 8 3 Joseph Andrews 3 8 3 George Ayres 3 8 3 John Beardwell Died ye. 13th. of June 2 15 4 Peter Barkey 3 8 3 Andrew Barton 3 8 3 Edward Burford 3 8 3 John Burk 3 8 3 Daniel Buske 3 8 3 Antoney Castee 3 8 3 Nicholas Cope 3 8 3 Thomas Crine 3 8 3 Barron Delose Discharged the 23. April 17 2¼ John Doury Do. the 16 June 2 18 1 William Doxton 3 8 3 Peter Sinald 3 8 3 John Fisher 3 8 3 John Fletcher 3 8 3 Levi Freeze 3 8 3 Christopher Garland 3 8 3 John Hayse 3 8 3 John Holloway 3 8 3 James Inglish 3 8 3 William Kerr 3 8 3 Samuel Kitson 3 8 3 Richard Mont 3 8 3 2. Compd. Carried over£88 8 7½ Pay Carried over£856 5 10¼	Pay brought over, £839 7s 9.25d Second company brought over, £8 10s 11.75d Robert Mason, sentinel to 8 May, £1 8s 5d Ditto, corporal from 8 ditto, £2 14s 11.75d Total, £3 19s 4.75d Second company corporals total, £12 10s 4.5d Thomas London, drummer, £4 7s 9d Sentinels: James Allis, £3 8s 3d Edward Allis, £3 8s 3d Joseph Andrews, £3 8s 3d George Ayres, £3 8s 3d John Beardwell, died 15 June, £2 15s 4d Peter Barkey, £3 8s 3d Andrew Barton, £3 8s 3d Edward Burford, £3 8s 3d John Burk, £3 8s 3d Daniel Busk, £3 8s 3d Antony Castel, £3 8s 3d Nicholas Cope, £3 8s 3d Thomas Crine, £3 8s 3d Barron Delost, discharged 22 April, £0 17s 2.25d John Dowry, ditto 16 June, £2 18s 1d William Doxton, £3 8s 3d Peter Finall, £3 8s 3d John Fisher, £3 8s 3d John Fletcher, £3 8s 3d Levi Freeze, £3 8s 3d Christopher Garland, £3 8s 3d John Hayse, £3 8s 3d John Holloway, £3 8s 3d James Inglish, £3 8s 3d William Kerr, £3 8s 3d Samuel Kitson, £3 8s 3d Richard Kent, £3 8s 3d Second company carried over, £100 8s 7.5d Pay carried over, £856 5s 10.5d Interpretations Robert Mason's mid-quarter promotion from sentinel to corporal on 8 May, paid at the two separate rates either side of that date, follows the same precise day-by-day reckoning already seen in the first company, and Barron Delost's and John Dowry's discharges, paid only to 22 April and 16 June respectively, show the establishment closing out a departing man's account to the exact day rather than settling by the round quarter.
199		196	Compd. brot. Over£88 8 7½ William Levo 3 8 3 [Robert Hasson] Rich Smith 3 8 3 John Mudge 3 8 3 John Murdoch Died 27th. May 3 8 3 William Page 3 8 3 Stephen Dovers 3 8 3 Thomas Payne 3 8 3 Daniel Rest Died 27th. of May 3 8 3 Thomas Ryeland 3 8 3 John Smith 3 8 3 Thomas Streeting 3 8 3 William Twaits 3 8 3 Richard Twaits 3 8 3 Thomas Wright 3 8 3 Totall Amt. of 2d. Compd. Pay£133 12 10¾ Third Company Vizt. Thomas Easthope John Barton Lieutenants 19 6 10½ 16 16 10½ 36 3 9 Serjeants Vizt. Joseph Desfountain discharged 29 April 2 2 8 Thomas Corker 6 14 6 Joseph Whaley Discharged 15 May 3 6 3¾ William Darvil Corporal to 9th. May 1.17.6 Do. Serjeant from 9th. Do. 3.16.7½ 5 14 1¾ John Aldrich Corporal to 28. Do. - 2.15.9¾ Do. Serjeant from 28. Do. 2.8.7½ 5 4 4¾ 23 2 -¼ Corporals Vizt. Thomas Swindle died ye. 24 May 2 11 11 Bevan Ambrose 4 7 9 Andrew Blindeman Continued to 28. May 2.3.4¾ Do. Corporal from 28th. Do. 1.11.3¾ 3 15 1¼ 3d. Compd. Carried over£10 14 9¼ Pay Carried over£1049 4 6	Second company's pay brought over, £88 0s 7¼d William Leve, £3 8s 3d Rich Smith, £3 8s 3d John Wadge, £3 8s 3d John Murdoch, died 27 May, £3 8s 3d William Page, £3 8s 3d Stephen Downes, £3 3s 3d Thomas Payne, £3 8s 3d Daniel Frost, died 27 May, £3 8s 3d Thomas Ryland, £3 8s 3d John Smith, £3 3s 3d Thomas Strolin, £3 8s 3d William Swaits, £3 8s 3d Richard Swaits, £3 8s 3d Thomas Wright, £3 8s 3d Total amount of second company's pay, £133 12s 10¼d Third company Thomas Easthope, lieutenant, £19 6s 10½d John Barlow, lieutenant, £16 16s 10½d £36 3s 9d Sergeants Joseph Dighurst, discharged 29 April, £2 2s 8d Thomas Corkes, £6 14s 6d Joseph Whaley, discharged 15 May, £3 6s 3¾d William Darvill, corporal to 9 May, £1 7s 6d John Aldrich, sergeant from 9th, £3 16s 7¼d Do. sergeant from 23rd, £2 15s 9¾d, £2 8s 7½d, £5 14s 1¾d Do. sergeant from 23rd, £3 4s 4¾d £23 2s [...]d Corporals Thomas Swindle, died 24 May, £2 11s 11d Bevan Ambrose, £4 7s 9d Andrew Blindman, continued 20 May, £2 3s 4¾d Do. corporal from 28th, £1 11s 3¾d, £3 15s 1¼d Third company's pay carried over, £10 14s 9¾d Pay carried over, £1,049 4s 6d Interpretations The pay account distinguished ordinary continuance in a rank from promotion mid-period: several entries split a soldier's pay into two bracketed sub-sums, one running to the date of a change of rank or status and one from that date to the muster's close, so a man promoted or continued partway through the period was paid at each rate only for the days it applied rather than at a single blended figure for the whole muster.
200		197	[...] 1049 . 4 . 6 3.d Comp.a Bro.t Over£ 10 . 14 . 9¼ Mathew Brightwell Continued to 28th. May 2 . 3 . 4¾ Do. Corporal from 28th. Do. 1 . 14 . 8¾ 14 . 9 . 10½ Benjamin Twaits Drummer 4 . 7 . 9 Contincels Vizt. William Adams 3 . 8 . 3 William Allies 3 . 8 . 3 William Barrett 3 . 8 . 3 Drew Baths 3 . 8 . 3 William Bockett 3 . 8 . 3 John Beale 3 . 8 . 3 William Brown 3 . 8 . 3 William Benfield 3 . 8 . 3 John Frager Discharged 22.d April . 16 . 5½ William Dye 3 . 8 . 3 John Evans 3 . 8 . 3 Isaac Evans 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Fuller 3 . 8 . 3 John Toad 3 . 8 . 3 Joptha Germain 3 . 8 . 3 James Glover died the 30th. of June 3 . 8 . 3 William Hastings 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Higgens 3 . 8 . 3 Philip Milliard 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Hodges 3 . 8 . 3 Isaac Hudson 3 . 8 . 3 Joseph Hunt 3 . 8 . 3 Evan Jones 3 . 8 . 3 Richard Knight 3 . 8 . 3 Tho.s Kendrick 3 . 8 . 3 Charles Montague 3 . 8 . 3 3.d Company Amo.t Over£ 86 . 2 . 8¼ Pay Carried Over£ 1068 . 2 . 1½	Third company's pay brought over, £10 14s 9¼d Matthew Brightwell, continued to 28 May, £2 3s 4¾d Do. corporal from 28th, £1 4s 8¾d £3 15s 1¼d Benjamin Swaits, drummer, £4 7s 9d £4 7s 9d Sentinels William Adams, £3 8s 3d William Allis, £3 8s 3d William Barrett, £3 8s 3d Peter Bath, £3 8s 3d William Beckett, £3 8s 3d John Boale, £3 8s 3d William Brown, £3 8s 3d William Bonfield, £3 8s 3d John Draper, discharged 22 April, £0 10s 5½d William Dye, £3 8s 3d John Evans, £3 8s 3d Isaac Evans, £3 8s 3d Thomas Fuller, £3 8s 3d John Toad, £3 8s 3d Jeptha Gorwain, £3 8s 3d James Glover, died the 30th of June, £3 8s 3d William Hastings, £3 8s 3d Peter Higgens, £3 8s 3d Philip Williard, £3 8s 3d Thomas Hodges, £3 8s 3d Isaac Hudson, £3 8s 3d Joseph Hunt, £3 8s 3d Evan Jones, £3 8s 3d Richard Knight, £3 8s 3d Thomas Kendrick, £3 8s 3d Charles Montague, £3 8s 3d Third company's pay carried over, £86 2s 8¼d Pay carried over, £1,060 2s 1½d
201		198	Pay Bro.t Over£1068 . 2 . 1½ 3.d Comp.a Bro.t Over£ 86 . 2 . 8¼ Abraham Major 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Mazidoe 3 . 8 . 3 Patrick Murphey 3 . 8 . 3 W.m Napper 3 . 8 . 3 Tho.s Oliver 3 . 8 . 3 Lawrence Peterson 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Payne 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Kyley died the 15.th June 2 . 16 . 10 John Robinson 3 . 8 . 3 John Spencer sen.r 3 . 8 . 3 John Gabriel Van Osten 3 . 8 . 3 John Upton 3 . 8 . 3 Benj.n Williams 3 . 8 . 3 John Wells 3 . 8 . 3 John Woodward 3 . 8 . 3 Jeremiah Wyrrell 3 . 8 . 3 Total Amo.t of 3.d Comp.a pay 140 . 3 . 3¾ Fourth Comp.a Vizt. John Desfountain 19 . 6 . 10½ Tho.s Kirkpatrick Lieutenants 16 . 16 . 10½ 36 . 3 . 9 Serjeants Vizt. Joseph Leighton 6 . 14 . 6 William Vakman 6 . 14 . 6 David Willson 6 . 14 . 6 20 . 3 . 6 Corporals Vizt. Jonathan Hallam 4 . 7 . 9 Isaac Knipe discharged 3.d Aprill . 4 . 5 Henry Higgins Corporal to 26.th Ap.o 14 . 11½ Do. Corp.o from 26.th D.o 3 . 8 . 3¾ 4 . 3 . 2¾ W.m Moore Corporal to 8.th May 1 . 8 . 5 Do. Corporal from 8.th D.o 2 . 10 . 11½ 3 . 19 . 4½ 4.th Company Carried over 12 . 14 . 9¼ Pay Carried Over£1277 . 7 . 5	Third company's pay brought over, £86 2s 8¼d Abraham Major, £3 8s 3d Peter Mazzee, £3 8s 3d Patrick Murphey, £3 8s 3d William Napper, £3 8s 3d Thomas Oliver, £3 8s 3d Lawrence Peterson, £3 8s 3d Thomas Payne, £3 8s 3d Francis Ryley, died the 15th June, £2 16s 10d John Robison, £3 8s 3d John Spencer senior, £3 8s 3d John Gabriel Van Osten, £3 8s 3d John Upton, £3 8s 3d Benjamin Williams, £3 8s 3d John Wells, £3 8s 3d John Woodrowe, £3 8s 3d Jeremiah Wyrrell, £3 8s 3d Total amount of third company's pay, £140 3s 3¼d Fourth company John Defountain, lieutenant, £19 6s 10½d Thomas Kirkpatrick, lieutenant, £16 16s 10½d £36 3s 9d Sergeants Joseph Leighton, £6 15s 6d William Oakman, £6 14s 6d David Willson, £6 14s 6d £20 3s 6d Corporals Jonathan Hallam, £4 7s 9d Isaac Knipe, discharged 3 April, £0 4s 5d Henry Higgins, continued to 26 May, £0 14s 11¼d Do. corporal from 26th, £3 8s 3¾d £4 3s 2¾d William Moore, continued to 8 May, £1 8s 5d Do. corporal from 8th, £2 10s 11½d £3 19s 4½d Fourth company's pay carried over, £12 14s 9¼d Pay carried over, £1,277 7s 5d
202		199	Pay Bro.t Over£1277 . 7 . 5 4.th Company Bro.t Over 4 . 7 . 9 W.m Ormes Drummer Contincels Vizt. Thomas Alcock 3 . 8 . 3 John Brown 3 . 8 . 3 Tho.s Borah 3 . 8 . 3 John Bardie 3 . 8 . 3 W.m Ball 3 . 8 . 3 Robert Bishop 3 . 8 . 3 Henry Carter 3 . 8 . 3 Philip Catchpole 3 . 8 . 3 John Cheeseman 3 . 8 . 3 Edward Cullimore 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Crakly 3 . 8 . 3 John Cotell died 14.th June 2 . 16 . 1 Michael Cole 3 . 8 . 3 Walter Cox 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Draper 3 . 8 . 3 Samuel Eales 3 . 8 . 3 John Ellis 3 . 8 . 3 William Gunn 3 . 8 . 3 Jonathan Godby 3 . 8 . 3 John George 3 . 8 . 3 Francis Hayse Discharged 21.st Aprill . 15 . 8½ James Hall 3 . 8 . 3 William Hare 3 . 8 . 3 James Kendrick 3 . 8 . 3 James Lax 3 . 8 . 3 John Lewis 3 . 8 . 3 John Lowman 3 . 8 . 3 John Manakee 3 . 8 . 3 Abraham Morris . 8 . 3 4 Comp.a Carried Over£ 95 . 14 . 6½ Pay Carried Over£1281 . 15 . 2	Fourth company's pay brought over William Ormes, drummer, £4 7s 9d Sentinels Thomas Alcock, £3 8s 3d John Brown, £3 8s 3d Thomas Borah, £3 8s 3d John Bardin, £3 8s 3d William Ball, £3 8s 3d Robert Bishop, £3 8s 3d Henry Carter, £3 8s 3d Philip Catchpole, £3 8s 3d John Cheeseman, £3 8s 3d Edward Cullimore, £3 8s 3d Peter Crakly, £3 8s 3d John Lovell, died 14 June, £2 16s 1d Michael Cole, £3 8s 3d Walter Cox, £3 8s 3d Thomas Draper, £3 8s 3d Samuel Yates, £3 8s 3d John Ellis, £3 8s 3d William Gunn, £3 8s 3d Jonathan Godby, £3 8s 3d John George, £3 8s 3d Francis Hayse, discharged 21 April, £0 15s 8½d James Hall, £3 8s 3d William Hare, £3 8s 3d James Kendrick, £3 8s 3d James Lee, £3 8s 3d John Lewis, £3 8s 3d John Lowman, £3 8s 3d John Manakee, £3 8s 3d Abraham Morris, £[...] 8s 3d Fourth company's pay carried over, £95 14s 6¼d Pay carried over, £1,281 15s 2d
203		200	Pay Bro.t Over£1281 . 15 . 2 4.th Comp.a Brot Over£ 95 . 14 . 6½ John Beaver 3 . 8 . 3 James Cypher 3 . 8 . 3 Edward Richards 3 . 8 . 3 John Rodormark 3 . 8 . 3 Benjamin Seale discharged 3.d Aprill . 2 . 2¾ Arnold Safsey 3 . 8 . 3 Daniel Serjeant 3 . 8 . 3 John Taylor 3 . 8 . 3 Hendrick Vashaver 3 . 8 . 3 James Vaughan 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Uxenburgh 3 . 8 . 3 Benjamin Williams 3 . 8 . 3 James Whitehead 3 . 8 . 3 Total Amount of 4.th Comp.a pay£ 136 . 15 . 9 Artillery Comp.a Vizt. John French Gunner 22 . 13 . 7½ Gunners Mates Vizt. Isaac Leech 4 . 17 . 6 Thomas Watts 4 . 17 . 6 Nathan Sample 4 . 17 . 6 Robert Wood 4 . 17 . 6 Roger Nevenson 4 . 17 . 6 William Roundy 4 . 17 . 6 William Dache 4 . 17 . 6 William Chillingsworth 4 . 17 . 6 39 Quarter Gunners Vizt. Major Jacksin 4 . 7 . 9 John Barnett 4 . 7 . 9 John Rutledge 4 . 7 . 9 Walter Bolter 4 . 7 . 9 Artillery Comp.a Carried Over 17 . 11 Pay Carried Over£1480 . 6 . 6¼	Fourth company's pay brought over, £95 14s 6¼d John Peaver, £3 8s 3d James S[...], £3 8s 3d Edward Richards, £3 8s 3d John Rodermark, £3 8s 3d Benjamin Seale, discharged 3 April, £0 2s 2¾d Arnold Safery, £3 8s 3d Daniel Serjeant, £3 8s 3d John Taylor, £3 8s 3d Hendrick Vlashover, £3 8s 3d James Vaughan, £3 8s 3d Peter Uxenburgh, £3 8s 3d Benjamin Williams, £3 8s 3d James Whitehead, £3 8s 3d Total amount of fourth company's pay, £136 15s 9d Artillery company John French, gunner, £22 13s 7¼d Gunners' mates Isaac Leech, £4 17s 6d Thomas Watts, £4 17s 6d Nathan Sample, £4 17s 6d Robert Wood, £4 17s 6d Roger Nevinson, £4 17s 6d William Kennedy, £4 17s 6d William Davis, £4 17s 6d William Chillingsworth, £4 17s 6d £39 0s 0d Quarter gunners Major Jackson, £4 7s 9d John Barnett, £4 7s 9d John Rottidge, £4 7s 9d Walter Bolton, £4 7s 9d Artillery company's pay carried over, £17 11s 0d Pay carried over, £1,480 6s 6¼d
204		201	Pay Bro.t Over - £1480 . 6 . 6¼ Artillery Comp.a Bro.t Over£ 17 . 11 . Jn.o Chrisloffell 4 . 7 . 9 Tho.s Villingham 4 . 7 . 9 John Spencer 4 . 7 . 9 30 . 14 . 3 Mattrasses Vizt. Edward Arnold 4 . 1 . 3 John Bunn 4 . 1 . 3 John Kranagan 4 . 1 . 3 John Button 4 . 1 . 3 Jos.h Boswell 4 . 1 . 3 Francis Kush died 10.th May 1 . 13 . 7¼ John Butler 4 . 1 . 3 John Barnardas 4 . 1 . 3 Samuel Clark 4 . 1 . 3 Anthony Day 4 . 1 . 3 Thomas Doat 4 . 1 . 3 Ely Leech 4 . 1 . 3 Adam Milbourne 4 . 1 . 3 Tho.s Pride 4 . 1 . 3 Humphry Pugh 4 . 1 . 3 James Pritchard 4 . 1 . 3 John Smith 4 . 1 . 3 Tho.s Sillitoe 4 . 1 . 3 W.m Turner 4 . 1 . 3 John Watkins 4 . 1 . 3 John Ashingstall Coxswain to 10.th June 6 . 3 . 7¼ D.o Mattrose from 10.th D.o 15 . 1½ 6 . 16 . 9 W.m Bateman Continued to 21.st Aprill 15 . 8¾ D.o Mattrose from 21.st D.o 3 . 2 . 3¾ 3 . 18 . Total Am.t of Artillery Comp.a pay 89 . 14 . 1¼ Superannuated Vizt. Joseph Whaley Serjeant 3 . 8 . 3 W.m Burnham d.o 3 . 8 . 3 Isaac Higerson Quarter Gunner 3 . 8 . 3 George Lindsay Drummer 3 . 8 . 3 Samuel Heppe Contincel 6 . . 7¾ 23 . 1 . 10½ Francis Fenge Armourer Total - £1623 . 16 . 9¼	Artillery company's pay brought over, £17 11s 0d John Christofield, £4 7s 9d Thomas Ellingham, £4 7s 9d John Spencer, £4 7s 9d £30 14s 3d Matrosses Edward Arnold, £4 1s 3d John Bunn, £4 1s 3d John Kranagan, £4 1s 3d John Button, £4 1s 3d Joseph Boswell, £4 1s 3d Francis Bush, died 10 May, £1 13s 7¼d John Butler, £4 1s 3d John Barnardas, £4 1s 3d Samuel Clark, £4 1s 3d Anthony Day, £4 1s 3d Thomas Dent, £4 1s 3d Ely Leech, £4 1s 3d Adam Milbourne, £4 1s 3d Thomas Pride, £4 1s 3d Humphry Pugh, £4 1s 3d James Pritchard, £4 1s 3d John Smith, £4 1s 3d Thomas Jillifoe, £4 1s 3d William Turner, £4 1s 3d John Watkins, £4 1s 3d John Ashingstall, coxswain to 18 June, £6 3s 7¼d Do. matross from 13th, £5 13s 1½d, £6 16s 9d William Bateman, continued to 21 April, £5 15s 8¾d Do. matross from 21st, £3 2s 3¾d, £3 18s 0d Total amount of artillery company's pay, £89 14s 1¼d Supernumerated Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £3 8s 3d William Burnham, Do., £3 8s 3d Isaac Hagerson, quarter gunner, £3 8s 3d George Lindsey, drummer, £3 8s 3d Samuel Hunte, sentinel, £6 0s 7¾d £23 1s 10¼d Francis Junge, armourer Total, £1,623 16s 9¼d
205		202	Dr John Goodwin 1743/4 April 17.th To cash for which have given a receipt for£ 284 . . 1¾ " 24. To d.o rec.d of Robert Wright 108 . . " . To d.o Omitted in the 2.d receipt 4 . 4 . ½ May 8. To d.o rec.d the Ballance of Ship Hectors Account 19 . 15 . 2¼ " 19. To d.o Hastingfields d.o 4 . 7 . 10 June 14. To d.o rec.d of Robert Wright 206 . 2 . " 16. To d.o of the Attorneys of John Brown Surgeon & gave bills of exchange for the amount 237 . 1 . 3¾ " 17. To cash rec.d the Ballance of Ship Deathcotes D.o 12 . 15 . " 20. To d.o rec.d of Geo. Gab. Powell Esq.r on act of Sa. Purpo. dec.d 243 . 12 . 1 23. To d.o rec.d of Ballance of Ship Exeters Account 26 . 2 . 10 To d.o Harringtons d.o 27 . 5 . ½ To d.o Princess Wales d.o 22 . 18 . 5½ 30. To cash rec.d of Matthew Powling 720 . . 1916 . 4 . 3 To cash advanced the Officers in Last pay Account 150 . . £2066 . 4 . 3 Signed St Helena 12.th July 1744 Errors Excepted John Goodwin Paymaster	Cash received of Robert Wright, 17 April 1744, £284 0s 1¾d Cash received of Robert Wright, 24 April 1744, £108 0s 0d Cash omitted in the first receipt, 8 May 1744, £4 4s ½d Cash received, the balance of ship Hector's account, 15 May 1744, £19 15s 2¼d Cash received, the balance of ship Haslingfield's account, 19 May 1744, £4 7s 10d Cash received of Robert Wright, 11 June 1744, £206 2s 0d Cash received of the attorneys of John Brown, surgeon, who gave bills of exchange for the amount, 16 June 1744, £237 1s 3¾d Cash received, the balance of ship Heathcote's account, 17 June 1744, £12 15s 0d Cash received of George Gabriel Powell, [...], 20 June 1744, £243 12s 1d Cash received, the balance of ship Exeter's account, 23 June 1744, £26 2s 10d Cash received, the balance of ship Harrington's account, 23 June 1744, £27 5s ½d Cash received, the balance of ship Princess of Wales's account, 23 June 1744, £22 18s 5½d Cash received of Matthew Purling, 30 June 1744, £720 0s 0d Total, £1,916 4s 3d Cash advanced to the officers in the last pay account, £150 0s 0d Total, £2,066 4s 3d Signed at St Helena, 12 July 1744, errors excepted, by John Goodwin, paymaster.
206		203	Paymaster Cr. April 23. By cash paid Thomas Kirkpatrick Hospitall£ 31 . 8 . ½ May 2. By d.o John Chrisloffell Bounty Money 2 . 2 . " 5. By d.o 1 Chocolate Pott . 3 . " 18. By d.o paid James Scott as p.r receipt 5 . . June 21. By d.o W.m R. Pickering on Acct M.r Bergan as p.r receipt 15 . . By d.o paid d.o for Rhubarb 3 . 12 . " 23. By Cash paid John Godfrey 3 . 15 . 6¾ By d.o Purser of the Southerland for beef 6 . 3 . 10½ " 26. By D.o Rich.d Robinson Carpenter 3 . 5 . By d.o Tho.s Carpenter for Glaziers Work 3 . . June 30. By d.o paid for 13 Expresses on Alarms 3 . 5 . By d.o Advanced the Portugueze Supercargoes which they have bills for 190 . . By Cash paid the Hon.ble Company's Servants their Salarys Set.d Ellars as p.r Column 1623 . 16 . 9¼ By Cash for 150 Deals 22 . 10 . By d.o paid Jn.o Ashingstall for making 68 Lime Bags . 17 . By d.o paid Bar. Malloy 40 dayes in Cutting Stones 3/ 6 . . By d.o John Jones Carpenter 80 days D.o 3/ p.r day 12 . . By d.o W.m Oakman d.o at 3/ 81 d.o 12 . 3 . By d.o Mary Alexander for 1400 Lemons 1 . 8 . By d.o Sarah Bagett for 100 Rafters & 4 Loads Laths 5 . 12 . By d.o Richard Beale 100 d.o. 6 d.o 6 . 8 . By d.o Sam.l Doveton 40 d.o & 2 Sheep 4 . . By d.o John Aldrick for Making 26 Wheelbarrows & six days Work in Mending a Boat 7 . 8 . By d.o paid Tho.s Oliver, Patrick Murphy 8 fo.d Lury for 58½ days Work in Sifting Stones D.o [...] p.r day 1 . 19 . By d.o paid Sundrys for Work in the Lime Kiln 4 . 10 . By d.o paid Daniel Bush for Dieting Daniel [...] & Tho.s Dove[...] 7 days D.o 2/6 p.r day being Lost tary ill unto the Princess Amelia 1 . 15 . By d.o paid Elish a Isaac for 20 days being Overseer when Curling was headed out 1 . 12 . 10½ 1978 . 14 . 1¼ By Ballance paid into the Hon.ble Company's Chest£ 87 . 10 . 1¾ 2066 . 4 . 3	Paymaster Cash paid Thomas Kirkpatrick, hospital, 23 April 1744, £31 8s ¼d Cash paid John Christofield, bounty money, 2 May 1744, £2 2s 0d Cash paid for chocolate pots, 5 May 1744, £0 3s 0d Cash paid James Scott, as per receipt, 18 May 1744, £5 0s 0d Cash paid William Robert Pickering on account of Mr Bergan, as per receipt, 21 June 1744, £15 0s 0d Cash paid Do. for rhubarb, £3 12s 0d Cash paid John Godfrey, 23 June 1744, £3 15s 6¼d Cash paid the purser of the Southerland for beef, £6 3s 10½d Cash paid Richard Robinson, carpenter, 26 June 1744, £3 5s 0d Cash paid Thomas Carpenter for glazier's work, £3 5s 0d Cash paid for 13 expresses on alarms, 30 June 1744, £3 5s 0d Cash advanced the Portuguese supercargoes, which they have bills for, £190 0s 0d Cash paid the garrison company's servants, their salaries settled as per column, £1,623 16s 9¼d Cash for 150 deals, £22 10s 0d Cash paid John Ashingstall for making 68 lime bags, £0 17s 0d Cash paid Bartholomew Malloy, 40 days in cutting stones at 3d, £6 0s 0d Cash paid John Jones, carpenter, 80 days at 3d per day, £12 0s 0d Cash paid William Oakman, Do. at 3d, 81 days, £12 3s 0d Cash paid Mary Alexander for 1,400 lemons, £1 8s 0d Cash paid Sarah Bazett for 100 rafters and 4 loads of laths, £5 12s 0d Cash paid Richard Beale, 100 Do., 6 Do., £6 8s 0d Cash paid Samuel Doveton, 40 Do. and 2 sheep, £4 0s 0d Cash paid John Aldrich for making 26 wheelbarrows and six days work in mending a boat, £7 8s 0d Cash paid Thomas Oliver and Patrick Murphey, 8 feet lung fir, 58½ days work at sifting flour at 6d per day, £1 19s 0d Cash paid Sundays for work in the lime kiln, £4 10s 0d Cash paid Daniel Bush for driving Daniel's oxen and Thomas Dorset's, 7 days at 5d per day, being lost carrying out the Princess Amelia, £1 15s 0d Cash paid Elisha Isaac for 20 days being overseer when Girling was turned out, £1 12s 10½d £1,978 14s 1¼d By balance paid into the honourable Company's chest, £87 10s 1¾d £2,066 4s 3d
207		204	This day Counted y.e Hon.ble Companys Cash which stood thus vizt. Cash To Ballance 2988 . 12 . 3¾ To Cash rec.d of Sundry Persons as p.r pay Masters Acc.t 789 . 15 . 6½ To Cash rec.d of M.r Matthew Powling Storekeeper for Goods by him sold between y.e 11.th of March & the 30.th of June following 951 . 8 . 1¾ To Cash rec.d for the Sale of damaged Goods y.e 28.th of May 17AA 11 . 10 . ¾ 962 . 18 . 2½ To Cash brought to Account 30.th March last as p.r Pay Masters Account 150 . " . " 4891 . 6 . ¾	The council counted the honourable Company's cash, which stood as follows. Cash Balance, £2,988 12s 3¼d Cash received of sundry persons as per the paymaster's account, £789 15s 6½d Cash received of Matthew Purling, storekeeper, for goods sold by him between 11 March and 30 June following, £951 8s 1¾d Cash received for the sale of damaged goods, 28 May 1744, £11 10s ¾d £962 18s 2¼d Cash brought to account 30 March last, as per the paymaster's account, £150 0s 0d £4,891 6s ¾d
208		205	Cr. By Cash Advanced y.e paymaster as p.r his pay Account£ 1978 . 14 . 1¼ By Ballance in y.e following Species vizt. 193 Pagodas £213 . 2 . 8372½ Dollars 2093 . 2 . 6 7 Venetians 3 . 10 . 441 French Pieces at 2. 2d. 3 . 13 . 6 1 large p.o Gold w.t 15.14 at 3.18.3 46 . 1 . 8½ 4 small p.o D.o w.t 3.9.12 at 3.18 13 . 11 . ½ 176 doub. ryals 11 . . . Odd Money 11 . 2 . Cash Notes Amounting to 526 . . . 2912 . 11 . 11 £4891 . 6 . ¾ David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Burling	By cash advanced the paymaster, as per his pay account, £1,978 14s 1¼d By balance in the following species, viz. 493 pagodas, £215 2s 0d 8,372½ dollars, £2,093 2s 6d 7 Venetians, £3 10s 0d 441 French pieces at 2s 2d, £3 13s 6d 1 large piece of gold, weighing 11 oz 15 dwt 14 gr, at £3 18s 3d, £46 1s 8½d 1 small piece Do, weighing 3 oz 9 dwt 12 gr, at £3 18s, £13 11s ½d 176 double royals, £11 0s 0d Odd money, £11 2s 0d Cash notes amounting to £526 0s 0d £2,912 11s 11d £4,891 6s ¾d Signed: David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Matthew Purling. .
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210		207	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 17.th of July 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Cap.t Charles Hutchinson Lieu.t Gov.r Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council Matthew Purling The last Consultation was read and Approved The following Petition was this day Presented and read Vizt. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esq.r Gov.r & Council. The Petition of Richard Beale and Martin Harper most humbly Sheweth That Stephen Saffein deceased by his last Will and Testament [after having disposed of his Free hold Estate and some other Legacies] directed that all the remainder of his Estate should be sold at Publick Auction among which are two Parcels of Leasehold Land, One Parcel adjoining to his Fee Land, and the other in Ironstone Wood Your Petitioners therefore humbly Request they may have leave to dispose of the said Leasehold Lands - and your Petitioners shall ever pray &c. July 17. 1744 Signed Rich Beale Mart.n Harper Executors Granted	On Tuesday 17 July 1744 the council met at the castle. Governor David Dunbar presided, with Deputy Governor Charles Hutchinson and the councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling in attendance. The council read and approved the minutes of the previous meeting. Richard Beale and Martin Harper, executors of Stephen Lufkin, presented a petition to the Governor and council. They set out that Lufkin's will, after disposing of his freehold estate and certain other legacies, directed that the remainder of his estate be sold at public auction, and that this residue included two parcels of leasehold land, one adjoining his freehold and the other in Ironstone Wood. The executors asked leave to dispose of the leasehold parcels. The council granted the request. Interpretations Council leave was needed because a lease still belonged to the Company rather than to the tenant outright, so a will could direct such land sold but could not itself pass title to it. Only the council could authorise the assignment of a Company lease, which is why Lufkin's freehold and legacies took effect under the will alone while the leasehold parcels required this separate petition from his executors.
211		208	Mr Thomas Greentree Presented the following Memorial Vizt. The Memorial of Thomas Greentree to the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esq.r Governour & Council of St Helena That Your Memorialist being an Executor to James Byder deceased, finds among the Deceased Papers an Inventory of Goods belonging to Sarah Free deceased consisting of old Household Goods and some Blacks, the said Sarah Free living with the said James Byder to the time of her decease, and Whereas there being many Creditors upon the Estate of the said Sarah Free among whom are now the Heirs of the said James Byder, to the Amount of the sum of Thirty Eight pounds, And the said Sarah Free dying Intestate and Your Memorialist not knowing that any Person have Administred upon the said Estate, and in such case Your Memorialist have been Informed that the Honourable Company have given Directions to their Government here to take into their Care all such Intestates Estates Your Memorialist Desire you would be pleased to Order the said Effects to be sold that the Orphans of the said James Byder deceased may be paid their demand on that Estate, who are now in great Necessity for Money to pay their Just Debts St Helena, 17 July 1744 Signed Thomas Greentree Ordered the Effects to be sold at Publick Auction and a Dividend to be made to the Creditors from the Amount We this day Executed a Lease to M.r Rich.d Goodwin, Granted last Consultation Vizt.	Thomas Greentree presented a memorial to the Governor and council. He stated that, as executor to James Ryder deceased, he had found among Ryder's papers an inventory of goods belonging to Sarah Free deceased, comprising household goods and some slaves. Sarah Free had lived with James Ryder until her death, and her estate had many creditors, including now the heirs of James Ryder, to a total of £38. Sarah Free had died intestate, and Greentree, unaware that anyone had administered her estate, understood that the Company had directed its government on the island to take charge of all such intestate estates. He asked the council to order the effects sold so that James Ryder's orphans could be paid what was owed them from that estate, being in great need of the money to settle their own debts. Thomas Greentree signed the memorial at St Helena on 17 July 1744. The council ordered the effects sold at public auction and a dividend made to the creditors from the proceeds. The council executed a lease to Richard Goodwin that day, the grant having been made at the previous meeting. Interpretations On St Helena an intestate estate with no administrator did not wait on the ecclesiastical probate process familiar in England: the Company's own local government took direct charge of such estates, ordering their effects sold and the proceeds divided among creditors, so that dependants with a claim were not left waiting on a distant or uncertain process to recover a debt.
212		209	Island Saint Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Hon.ble United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies do Demise Grant Sett and to Farm lett unto Richard Goodwin Executor of the last Will and Testament of Edmund Nichols deceased All that Piece or Parcel of Land Containing Twenty One Acres Scituate lying and being in the West Division of this Island at or near the Head of old woman's Valley Butting towards the South West upon the Free lands late of John Nichols Sen.r and towards the North and East upon the Honourable Companys west Land To have and to hold the said hereby demised Twenty One Acres of Land with the Appurtenances and every part thereof unto him the said Rich.d Goodwin in Trust and for the Use of John Nichols Jun.r Son of the said Edmund Nichols, from the day of the date hereof for and during all the time Space and Term of the Natural Lives of the said John Nichols Martin Kasper of this Island Planter and Matthew Bazell of the same and the Longest liver of them Renewable upon the Deaths of either of said Nominees upon the payment of half a Years rent at the Admittance of each Life or new Nominee Upon Condition that he the said John Nichols his Heirs Executors Administrators or Assigns do and shall bear true faith unto Our Sovereign Lord King George the Second His Heirs and Successors and to them the said Honourable Company and to their Successors and shall duly Obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island and upon Condition also that he the said John Nichols his Heirs Executors Administrators or Assigns do and shall well and sufficiently Fence the said Land and Plant one Acre in Ten and so Proportionably for a Greater or lesser Quantity with such planks of Timber Trees or such Other woods as he or they can gett to Grow best Season and upon Failure of the woods Growing upon the first Second or Third planting He the said John Nichols, His Heirs Executors Administrator or Assigns shall Yearly at the	The East India Company, as landlord of the island, granted Richard Goodwin, executor of Edmund Nichols's will, twenty-one acres near the head of Old Woman's Valley in the island's west division, bounded to the south-west by the Free family's former land and to the north and east by the Company's own waste ground. Goodwin held the land in trust for Edmund Nichols's son, John Nichols junior, for as long as John Nichols, the planter Martin Casper and Matthew Bazett, or the last survivor of the three, remained alive, with the grant renewable on the death of any of them once half a year's rent was paid for the new life put in. John Nichols was required to remain loyal to King George the Second and to the Company, and to keep the island's laws. He also had to plant one acre in every ten with timber or other useful wood, in proportion for whatever size of land he held, and to replant each year at his own cost if the trees failed to take after the first, second or third attempt. Interpretations Granting land on named lives rather than for a fixed term let the Company draw a small payment every time one life replaced another, while giving the tenant security for as long as any of the three people named kept living, whether or not that person had any real stake in the land. The requirement to plant and keep replanting a tenth of the land in timber reflects the council's ongoing worry about the island losing its woodland, recorded elsewhere in these consultations as a general concern; here it was written into one man's lease as a personal condition of holding the land rather than left as a general order to the island at large.
213		210	the Proper Seasons of the Year replant the same with the best planks of Timber or Other Thriving Trees as he or they can gett as aforesaid and that He the said John Nichols his Heirs Executor Administrator or Assigns shall likewise plant Lemon Trees Round all and every the Inside of the said Fences besides ten more Lemon or Other Good Fruit Trees for every One Acre of the aforesaid demised Land and to plant Others in the Room or Stead as any of them shall decay so as the same may be a Good Fruit Bearing Orchard or Lemon Garden and the Whole Twenty One Acres of Land do well and Sufficiently keep in good Heart and Repair and not Suffer the Ground to be Rin out nor alter the Fences after they are well made which are the Land Marks, Nor shall Sell or Dispose of this Lease or Interest in the same without the Knowledge & Consent of the Governour and Council for the time being and do and shall Yearly and every Year well and Truely pay unto the said Hon.ble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns during the Term hereby Granted the Sum of Five Shillings for every Acre on the Feast of Saint Michael the Arch Angell in every Year In Witness Whereof the said Richard Goodwin as Executor aforesaid hath hereunto Sett his Hand and Seal the 19 day of July in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty Four and the said Hon.ble Company have to the Other part hereof Affixed their Common Seal the day and Year above Written Signed David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Mathew Purling	The lease also required John Nichols to replant in season with the best available timber or other thriving trees, and to plant lemon trees around the inside of the fences, together with ten further lemon or other good fruit trees for every acre of the demised land, replacing any that died so that the whole twenty-one acres became a good fruit-bearing orchard or lemon garden. He was to keep the whole in good heart and repair, not let the ground run out, and not alter the fences once properly made, since these marked the boundaries of the land. He was forbidden to sell or dispose of the lease or his interest in it without the knowledge and consent of the Governor and council for the time being, and was to pay the Company five shillings yearly for every acre, due on Michaelmas Day in every year. Richard Goodwin, as executor, set his hand and seal to the lease on 19 July 1744, and the Company affixed its common seal to the counterpart on the same day. Signed: David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Matthew Purling.
214		211	Mr Purling Storekeeper this Day brought in an acc.t of Stores Sold and Delivered from the 11.th of March 1743 to the 30.th June following, which was Examined and approved and is as follows Vizt. A Collection of Goods Sold and Delivered out the Hon.ble Companys Stores from the 11.th of March 1743 to the 30.th June 1744 Vizt. Sold to the Planters Vizt. Arrack 133½ Gallons 36 . 11 Brandy 260½ D.o 73 . 3 Sugar & Candy Vizt. 23.1.3 Sugar 34 . 6 . 3 7.3.20 Candy 24 . 4 . 3 73 . 10 . 6 Bread and Flower 17.3.6 Bread 20 . 15 . 5½ 3.3.3 Flower 8 . 8 . 1¼ 29 . 3 . 6½ Soap 1.1.21½ 7 . 8 . ¾ Candles 2.3.21 10 . 13 . 9 Oyle Vizt. 22 Bottles of Florence oyl 3 . 17 17 Gallons of Rape and Train 3 . 19 . 4 15½ D.o Linseed 4 . 15 . 3¾ 12 . 11 . 7¾ Tea 99 Gallons 9 . 13 Paint Vizt. 2.3 White Lead 1 . 4 1.1 Red Lead 6 . ¾ 1.3 Red Cakes 9 . 7½ 13¾ Indigo 1 . 10 . 7 6½ Blew Smalts 15 . 2 176 Whiting 4 . 6½ 16 Yellow Cakes 4 . 8 4 . 14 . 6¾ Carries over 283 . 19 . 8 -	Matthew Purling, storekeeper, this day brought in an account of stores sold and delivered from 11 March 1743 to 30 June following, examined and approved as follows. A collection of goods sold and delivered out of the honourable Company's stores from 11 March 1743 to 30 June 1744, sold to the planters, viz. Arrack, 133½ gallons, £36 11s 0d Brandy, 260½ Do., £73 3s 0d Sugar, 23 hundredweight 1 quarter 3 lb, £34 6s 3d Candy, 7 hundredweight 3 quarters 26 lb, £24 4s 3d £73 10s 6d Bread, 17 hundredweight 3 quarters 6 lb, £20 15s 5½d Flour, 3 hundredweight 3 quarters 5 lb, £8 8s 1d £29 3s 6½d Soap, 1 hundredweight 1 quarter 21½ lb, £7 8s 7½d Candles, 2 hundredweight 3 quarters 21 lb, £10 13s 9d Oil, viz. 22 bottles of Florence oil, £3 17s 0d 17 gallons of rape and train oil, £3 19s 4d 15½ Do. linseed, £4 15s 3¾d £12 11s 7¾d Tea, 99 gallons, £9 12s 0d Paint, viz. 2 hundredweight 3 quarters white lead, £1 4s 0d 1 quarter 1 lb red lead, £0 6s 0d 1 hundredweight 3 lb red cakes, £9 7½d 13¾ indigo, £1 10s 7d 6½ blue smalts, £0 15s 2d 176 whiting, £4 8½d 16 yellow cakes, £4 8s 0d £4 14s 6¼d Carried over, £283 19s 0d
215		212	Brought over£283 . 19 . Cordage 3.1.16½ 8 . 1 . 6¼ Corks 15½ Grose . 16 . 6 Pitch & Tarr Vizt. 8 Pitch " 1 . " 1½ Gall.n Tarr " 1 . 3 16 Rozin " 7 . 8 . 9 . 11 Shirts Vizt. 4 White " 11 . 8 2 Dungree . 5 . 2 . 16 . 10 Turnersware Vizt. 2 Scrubling Brushes . 3 . 10 1 Skimming Dish " . 3½ 1 Platter " . 10 3 Mops . 5 . 9 5 Boules . 4 . 2 2 Brooms . 3 . 10 1 Straining Dish " . 4½ 2 Slashtolls . 6 . 6 1 . 3 . 9 Combs 1 Buckling . . 3½ Rice & Paddy Vizt. 19.1. Rice 5 . 12 . 6½ 13.1.10 Paddy 3 . 17 . 6½ 9 . 10 . 1 Blankets Vizt. 1 Fine . 12 . 9 2 Ordinary . 16 . 2 1 . 8 . 11 Carried over£306 . 8 . 8¾	Brought over, £283 19s 0d Cordage, 3 hundredweight 1 quarter 16½ lb, £8 1s 6¾d Corks, 15½ groce, £0 16s 6d Pitch, etc., viz. 8 [...] pitch, £0 1s 0d 1½ gallons tar, £0 1s 3d 16 [...] rosin, £0 7s 8d £0 9s 11d Shirts, viz. 4 white, £0 11s 8d 2 dungaree, £0 3s 2d £0 16s 10d Turnersware, viz. 2 scrubbing brushes, £0 3s 10d 1 skimming dish, £0 0s 3½d 1 platter, £0 0s 10d 3 mops, £0 5s 9d 5 brushes, £0 4s 2d 2 brooms, £0 3s 10d 1 straining dish, £0 0s 4½d 2 flaskets, £0 6s 6d £1 3s 9d Combs and a buckling, £0 0s 3½d Rice and paddy, viz. 19 hundredweight 1 quarter rice, £5 12s 6½d 13 hundredweight 1 quarter 10 lb paddy, £3 17s 6½d £9 10s 1d Blankets, viz. 1 fine, £0 12s 9d 2 ordinary, £0 16s 2d £1 8s 11d Carried over, £306 8s 8¾d
216		213	Brought over£306 . 8 . 8¾ Hoserwarr Vizt. 10 p.r Mens Stockings 2 . 8 . 4 12 p.r Womans 2 . 18 . 3 p.r Boys . 9 . 3 5 . 15 . 7 Ironmongersware Vizt. 2 Box Locks . 5 . 2 2 Tell Locks . 5 . 10 1 Hand Hatchett . 1 . 8 1 Broad Axe . 6 . 3 2 Loping Axes . 6 . 6 2 Frying pans . 9 . 8 2 Sildurs d.o . 4 . 8 2 Dominib Locks 1 . 5 . 1 Stock Lock . 6 . 11 1 Iron Shovels . 2 . 3 1 Long plain . 5 . 3 1 Smoothing plain . 2 . 1 2 Chisells . 2 . 8 6 Gimbletts . 1 . 1½ 1 Scrubbing Lock . 4 . 1 Padlock . 3 . 8 2 Sayhort Thimbles . . 3 1 Axe . 2 . 5 1 Pickaxe . 7 . 5 . 9 . 6½ Long Cloth Vizt. 8 Peices Middling 12 . 6 . 8 13½ Peices ordinary 17 . 13 . 3 29 . 19 . 11 Carried Over£347 . 6 . 8¾	Brought over, £306 8s 8¾d Hosierware, viz. 10 pairs men's stockings, £2 8s 4d 12 pairs women's Do., £2 18s 0d 3 pairs boys', £0 9s 3d £5 15s 7d Ironmongersware, viz. 2 box locks, £0 5s 2d 2 till locks, £0 5s 10d 1 hand hatchet, £0 1s 8d 1 broad axe, £0 6s 3d 2 loping axes, £0 6s 6d 2 frying pans, £0 9s 0d 2 soldering Do., £0 4s 8d 2 gunsmith's locks, £1 5s 0d 1 stock lock, £0 6s 11d 1 iron shovel, £0 2s 3d 1 long plane, £0 5s 3d 1 smoothing plane, £0 2s 1d 2 chisels, £0 2s 8d 6 gimblets, £0 1s 1½d 1 escutcheon lock, £0 4s 0d 1 padlock, £0 3s 0d 2 sailors' thimbles, £0 0s 3d 1 axe, £0 2s 5d 1 pickaxe, £0 7s 0d £5 9s 6½d Long cloth, viz. 8 pieces middling, £12 6s 8d 13½ pieces ordinary, £17 13s 3d £29 19s 11d Carried over, £347 6s 8¾d
217		214	Bro.t Over£347 . 6 . 8¾ Chinaware Vizt. 78 China plates 1 . 1 . 1½ 3 Soup Dishes Gold 2 . 16 . " 32 Tea potts 1 . 6 . " 478 Nogging Cups 2 . 9 . 9½ 380 Coffee Cups 1 . 19 . 7 56 Small Cups . 3 . 10 49 Scollop d.o . 3 . 1½ 110 Sneekers 1 . 14 . 4½ 13 Bowles . 16 . 3 12 . 14 . "¾ Chelloes 25½ Peices 15 . 18 . 9 Tinware Vizt. 1 Dark Lanthorn . 13 . 1 6 Horn Leghts 1 . 7 . " 12 Lanthorn Leaves . 1 . 10 1 . 11 . 11 Nailes Vizt. C8/t. 4. Nailes 1 . 19 . 11½ 4.t. 20 d.o . 1 . 8 6½.t. Flooring Brads . 10 . 3½ 16¼.t. Flooring Brads . 8 . " 2 . 19 . 11 Hooks & Lines Vizt. 10 Grose 7 doz Hooks Sorted 3 . 17 . "½ 41 Blue Hooks . 6 . 8 Hooks & Lines Am.t over£ 4 . 3 . 8½ Carried Over£389 . 11 . 4¾	Brought over, £347 6s 8¾d Chinaware, viz. 78 china plates, £1 1s 1½d 3 soup dishes, coloured and gilt, £2 16s 0d 32 tea pots, £1 6s 0d 478 negging cups, £2 9s 9½d 380 coffee cups, £1 19s 7d 56 small cups, £0 3s 10d 49 scollop Do., £0 3s 1½d 110 saucers, £1 14s 1½d 13 bowls, £0 16s 3d £12 14s 0¾d Chelloes, 25½ pieces, £15 18s 9d Tinware, viz. 1 dark lanthorn, £0 3s 1d 6 horn lights, £1 7s 0d 12 lanthorn leaves, £0 1s 10d £1 11s 11d Nails, viz. 6 hundredweight 4 lb nails, £1 19s 11½d 4 hundredweight 20 lb Do., £0 1s 8d 6½ hundredweight flooring brads, £0 10s 3½d 16¼ hundredweight flooring brads, £0 8s 0d £2 19s 11d Hooks and lines, viz. 10 groce 7 dozen hooks sorted, £3 17s 0½d 41½ blue hooks, £0 6s 8d Hooks and lines carried over, £4 3s 8½d Carried over, £380 14s 4½d
218		215	Bro.t Over£389 . 11 . 4½ Hooks & Lines Bro.t Over£ 4 . 3 . 8½ 18. 4 Lines Sorted 4 . 4 . 8¾ 3 damaged Lines . 3 . 6 8 . 11 . 11 Thread Vizt. 9.t Coloured Thread 1 . 9 . 3 5.t Whited Brown D.o 1 . 10 . 11 8 oz. Nuns . 11 . 4 3 . 11 . 6 Starch 9.t . 5 . 3 Glassware Vizt. 15 Wine Glases . 6 . 10½ 119 Sq. Glass 6 by 8 1 . 6 . 9¾ 7 Sq. D.o 8 by 10 . 4 . 1 3 Sq. D.o 12 by 12 . 3 . "¾ 2 . " . 10 Shoes Vizt. 7 p.r womans 1 . 6 . 10 1 p.r Mens . 5 . 9 6 p.r Boys 1 . 8 . 5 3 p.r Girls . 8 . " 1 p.r Girls last " . " . 6 1 Womans last " . " . 11 3 . 10 . 5 Shalloon 33½ yards Sorted 4 . 18 . 9½ Twine 6¼ " . 10 . 3¾ Pallampores 42 Sorted 12 . 9 . " Haberdasheryware Vizt. 7 p.r Broad Holland Tape " . 5 . 10 2 p.r narrow D.o D.o " . 1 . 3 7 p.r Carnation D.o D.o " . 4 . 1 1 p.r Bobbing " . " . 4¾ Haberdasheryware Carried over " . 11 . 6¾ Carried over£416 . 7 . 4½	Hooks and lines brought over, £4 3s 8½d 18¼ lines sorted, £4 4s 8¾d 3 damaged lines, £0 3s 6d £8 11s 11d Threads, viz. 9 lb coloured thread, £1 9s 3d 5 lb whited brown Do, £1 10s 11d 8 oz nuns, £0 11s 4d £3 11s 6d Starch, 9 lb, £0 5s 3d Glassware, viz. 15 wine glasses, £0 6s 10½d 117 square glass, 6 by 8, £1 6s 9¾d 7 square Do, 8 by 10, £0 4s 1d 3 square Do, 12 by 12, £0 3s 0¾d £2 0s 10d Shoes, viz. 7 pairs women's, £1 6s 10d 1 pair men's, £0 5s 9d 6 pairs boys', £1 8s 5d 3 pairs girls', £0 8s 0d 1 girls' last, £0 0s 6d 1 women's last, £0 0s 11d £3 10s 5d Shalloon, 33½ yards sorted, £4 16s 9½d Twine, 6½ lb, £0 10s 3½d Pallampores, 42 sorted, £12 9s 0d Haberdasheryware, viz. 7 lb broad Holland tape, £0 5s 10d 2 lb narrow Do Do, £0 1s 3d 7 lb carnation Do Do, £0 4s 1d 1 lb bobbin, £0 0s 4½d Haberdasheryware carried over, £0 11s 6½d Carried over, £416 7s 4½d
219		216	Brought over£416 . 7 . 4½ Haberdasheryware Brought over£ " . 11 . 6½ 3 Pund Medley . 2 . 1½ 4 Oz. Mohair . 8 . 3½ oz Silk . 12 . 3 18 doz Gilt Breast Buttons 1 . 9 . 4 3 doz D.o Coat . 10 . 9 3 doz Mohair Breast buttons . 1 . 3 yards Gartering . 2½ 3 . 15 . 7½ Canvas Vizt. 3½ yards English . 9 . 2¾ 10½ yards Ticking . 18 . 9¼ 1 p.r British Sail Cloth 3 . . 6 10 yards Russia D.o . 15 . 5 . 3 . 6 Flannell 18¼ yards 1 . 9 . 9 Tobacco 10.9.t 2 . 11 . Kersey 27 yards 9 . 2 . 9 Pepper 9.t " . 6 . 1½ Broad Cloth Vizt. 9¾ yards Scarlet 8 . 2 . 1 2½ yards Black 2 . 16 . ½ 1¼ yards Cloth Coloured 1 . 12 . 9½ 12 . 10 . 9 Cutleryware Vizt. 1 Cleaver . 3 . 9 1 Pair y Knife . 1 . 7 Buck handles D.o . 2 . 11 8 wood Handles . 4 . 8 . 12 . 4 Pewter 1 doz Spoons . 2 . 11 Brazierysware 1 Tea Kettle . 19 . 6 Carried over£445 . 17 . 10½	Brought over, £416 7s 4½d Haberdasheryware brought over, £0 11s 6½d 3 hundred needles, £0 2s 1½d 4 oz mohair, £0 8s 0d 3½ oz silk, £0 12s 3d 18 dozen gilt breast buttons, £1 9s 4d 3 dozen Do, coat, £0 10s 9d 3 dozen mohair breast buttons, £0 1s 0d 3 yards gartering, £0 0s 2½d £3 15s 7½d Canvas, viz. 3½ yards English, £0 9s 2¾d 10¼ yards ticking, £0 18s 9¾d 1 piece British sail cloth, £3 0s 6d 10 yards Russia Do, £0 15s 0d £5 3s 6d Flannels, 18½ yards, £1 9s 9d Tobacco, 10 lb, £2 11s 0d Kersey, 27 yards, £9 2s 9d Pepper, 9 lb, £0 6s 1½d Broad cloth, viz. 9¾ yards scarlet, £8 2s 1d 2½ yards black, £2 16s ½d 1¾ yards cloth coloured, £1 12s 9½d £12 10s 9d Cutleryware, viz. 1 cleaver, £0 3s 9d 1 pair knives, £0 1s 0d 9 brush handles Do, £0 2s 11d 8 wood handles, £0 4s 8d £0 12s 4d Pewter, 1 dozen spoons, £0 2s 11d Brazierysware, 1 tea kettle, £0 19s 6d Carried over, £445 17s 10½d
220		217	Brought over£445 . 17 . 10½ Muslin 11 y.d 8 . 5 . 11 Vinegar 3½ Gallons " . 9 . 4 Pork 7 p.d " . 18 . 6 Bunting 1½ y.d Red " . 1 . 3¾ Lead Vizt. 14½ Pigg " . 2 . 4 2.3.4 Shot 2 . 12 . " 2 . 14 . 4 German Serge ¾ Yard " . 3 . 3 Hatts 3 Plain 2 . 15 . " Salt 1¾ Bushells " . 14 . 3½ Total to the Planters£ 461 . 19 . 9 Sold to the Garrison Vizt. Arrack 291¾ Gallons 72 . 18 . 9 Brandy 266¾ Gallons 66 . 11 . 3 Sugar & Candy Vizt. 23.1.13 Sugar 43 . 12 . 4 1.3.5 Candy 12 . 6 . 1½ 55 . 18 . 5½ Bread & Flower Vizt. 28. . 15 Bread 39 . 6 . 2¼ 11.1.1 Flower 9 . 3 . 10¾ 48 . 10 . 1 Oil Vizt. 15 Bottles Florence Oil 2 . 1 . 3 23¾ Gallon Train D.o 4 . 7 . 1 6 . 8 . 4 Tea 69 Gallons 5 . 9 . 3 Candles 30½.t 3 . 19 . 11½ Soap 1.1.17½ 5 . 11 . 6¾ Carried over£265 . 7 . 7¾	Brought over, £445 17s 10½d Muslin, 11 lb, £8 5s 11d Vinegar, 3½ gallons, £0 9s 4d Pork, 7 lb, £0 18s 6d Bunting, 1½ yards red, £0 1s 3¾d Lead, viz. 14 lb pig, £0 2s 4d 2 hundredweight 3 quarters 4 lb shot, £2 12s 0d £2 14s 4d German serge, ¾ yard, £0 3s 3d Hats, 3 plain, £2 15s 0d Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 14s 3¾d Sold to the planters, £461 19s 9d Sold to the garrison, viz. Arrack, 291½ gallons, £72 18s 9d Brandy, 266½ gallons, £66 11s 3d Sugar and candy, viz. 23 hundredweight 1 quarter 13 lb sugar, £43 12s 4d 1 hundredweight 3 quarters 5 lb candy, £12 6s 1½d £55 18s 5½d Bread and flour, viz. 48 hundredweight 15 lb bread, £39 6s 2¼d 11 hundredweight 1 quarter 1 lb flour, £9 3s 10½d £48 10s 1d Oil, viz. 15 bottles Florence oil, £2 1s 3d 23½ gallons train Do, £4 7s 1d £6 8s 4d Tea, 69 gallons, £5 9s 3d Candles, 30½ lb, £3 19s 11½d Soap, 1 hundredweight 1 quarter 17½ lb, £5 11s 6¾d Carried over, £265 7s 7¾d
221		218	Brought over£265 . 7 . 7¾ Rice and Paddy Vizt. 14. Rice 6 . 1 . 4 2. Paddy " . 15 . " 6 . 16 . 4 Shirts Vizt. 228 White 26 . 12 . " 13 Dungree 1 . 7 . 1 27 . 19 . 1 Corks 5 Grose " . 12 . 6 Tinware Vizt. 3 Horn Lanthornes " . 8 . 9 1 Pepper Box " . " . 2 " . 8 . 11 Hosiersware Vizt. 26 p.r Mens Hoes 4 . 10 . 8 120 p.r Thread Stockings 17 . 4 . " 22 . 3 . 8 Chelloes 20 p.r 9 . 16 . 8 Pallampores 16 Sorted 4 . 2 . 6 Canvas Vizt. 10½ yards English " . 14 . " 4 yards Ticking " . 3 . " " . 17 . " Haberdasheryware Vizt. 15 yards Gartering " . 2 . 6 3½ Oz Mohair " . 8 . 5 7½ Oz Silk " . 13 . 3½ 12½ doz Mohair Coat buttons " . 6 . 9½ 7½ doz Breast buttons " . 1 . 10½ 13 doz Gilt Coat buttons 1 . 16 . 10 20 doz D.o 1 breast 1 . 10 . " 4 . 19 . 6½ Carried over£343 . 8 . 10	Brought over, £265 7s 7¾d Rice and paddy, viz. 14 hundredweight rice, £6 1s 4d 2 hundredweight paddy, £0 15s 0d £6 16s 4d Shirts, viz. 228 white, £26 12s 0d 13 dungaree, £1 7s 1d £27 19s 1d Corks, 5 groce, £0 12s 6d Tinware, viz. 3 horn lanthorns, £0 8s 9d 1 pepper box, £0 0s 2d £0 8s 11d Hosiersware, viz. 26 pairs men's hose, £4 10s 8d 120 pairs thread stockings, £17 4s 0d £22 3s 8d Chelloes, 20 lb, £9 16s 8d Pallampores, 16 sorted, £4 9s 6d Canvas, viz. 10½ yards English, £0 14s 2d 4 yards ticking, £0 3s 0d £0 17s 0d Haberdasheryware, viz. 15 yards gartering, £0 2s 6d 3½ oz mohair, £0 8s 5d 7½ oz silk, £0 13s 3½d 12½ dozen mohair coat buttons, £0 6s 9½d 7½ dozen breast buttons, £0 1s 10½d 13 dozen gilt coat buttons, £1 16s 10d 20 dozen Do. breast, £1 10s 0d £4 19s 6½d Carried over, £343 8s 10d
222		219	Brought over£343 . 8 . 10 Thread Vizt. 4 Coloured . 10 . 4 5¾ W.t Sorted 1 . . 11½ 9 Oz Nuns . 7 . 6 1 . 18 . 9½ Turnersware Vizt. 3 Platters . 2 . " 3 Bowles . 2 . " 1 Broom . 1 . 6 . 5 . 6 Hooks and Lines Vizt. 39 Hooks Sorted . 16 . 10½ 6½ doz Lines D.o 1 . 1 . 9 3550 Blue Hooks . 2 . 11½ 2 . 1 . 7 Ironmongersware Vizt. 5 Taylors Thimbles . . 3 1 Dripping Pan . 2 . 7 1 Sill Lock . 2 . 4 1 Cat Lock . 2 . 10 1 Frying Pan . 1 . 10 1 p.r Bervice . 1 . 4½ . 11 . 4½ Long Cloth 4 p.r Ordinary 1 . 2 . 4 Castles 2 Kennells . 5 . " Shalloon 24½ yards Sorted 2 . 10 . 7 Broad Cloth Vizt. 9½ yards Scarlet 8 . 10 . 2½ 8½ yards Black 8 . 7 . 10 2¾ yards Cloth Cloured 1 . 18 . 5½ 18 . 16 . 5½ Carried over£374 . " . 6	Brought over, £343 8s 10d Thread, viz. 4 lb coloured, £0 10s 4d 5¾ lb sorted, £1 0s 11½d 9 oz nuns, £0 7s 6d £1 18s 9½d Turnersware, viz. 3 platters, £0 2s 0d 3 bowls, £0 2s 0d 1 broom, £0 1s 6d £0 5s 6d Hooks and lines, viz. 38 hooks sorted, £0 16s 10½d 6½ dozen lines Do, £1 1s 9d 3,550 blue hooks, £0 2s 11½d £2 1s 7d Ironmongersware, viz. 5 gunlocks Do, £0 0s 3d 1 loping axe, £0 2s 7d 1 till lock, £0 2s 4d 1 pad lock, £0 2s 10d 1 frying pan, £0 1s 0d 1 pair pincers, £0 1s 4d £0 11s 4½d Long cloth, 3 pieces ordinary, £4 2s 4d Castor, 2 flannels, £0 5s 0d Shalloon, 24½ yards sorted, £2 10s 7d Broad cloth, viz. 9½ yards scarlet, £8 10s 2½d 8½ yards black, £8 7s 10d 2¾ yards cloth coloured, £1 18s 5½d £18 16s 5½d Carried over, £374 0s 0d
223		220	Brought over£374 . " . 6 Leather 4 p.d . 7 . 3¾ Combs 11 Buckling . 2 . 6¾ Chinaware Vizt. 63 nogging Cups . 5 . 3 2 Coffee Cups . . 2 31 Bowles 1 . 8 . 5 99 Sneckers 1 . 4 . 3 2 . 18 . 1 Salt 1 Bushell . 6 . 5 Gold Twist ¾ Oz . 2 . 6¾ Vinegar 5 Gallons . 13 . 10 Muslin 1 y.d . 11 . 11 Hatts 2 p.r 1 . 8 . 10 Twine 3.t . . 7½ Shoes 53 p.r Wom.n 11 . 18 . 6 Tobacco 1 12.3.t 2 . 11 . 4 Paint ½ Indico . . 5¾ Turnersware 2 Mops . 2 . 6 Blankets 3 Ordinary . 19 . 1½ Glassware Vizt. 4 Beer Glases . 3 . 2 2 Corkedls . 2 . 2 2 Wine Glases . . 9 . 6 . 1 Hair Powder 4 . 2 . 6 Beef 1 p.d . 3 . 3 Dresalies 2 p.d 1 . 16 . 8 Total to the Garrison£398 . 10 . 4¾	Brought over, £374 0s 0d Leather, 1 side, £0 7s 3½d Combs, 11 buckling, £0 2s 6½d Chinaware, viz. 63 negging cups, £0 5s 3d 2 coffee cups, £0 0s 2d 31 bowls, £1 8s 5d 99 saucers, £1 4s 3d £2 18s 1d Salt, 1 bushel, £0 6s 5d Gold twist, ¾ oz, £0 2s 6¾d Vinegar, 5 gallons, £0 13s 10d Muslin, 1 lb, £0 11s 11d Hats, 2 plain, £1 8s 10d Twine, ¾ lb, £0 0s 7½d Shoes, 33 pairs women's, £11 18s 6d Tobacco, 11¾ lb, £2 11s 4d Paint, ¾ lb indigo, £0 0s 5½d Turnersware, 2 mops, £0 2s 6d Blankets, 3 ordinary, £0 19s 1½d Glassware, viz. 1 beer glass, £0 3s 2d 2 corked Do, £0 2s 2d 2 wine glasses, £0 0s 9d £0 6s 1d Hair powder, ¾ lb, £0 2s 6d Beef, 1 lb, £0 3s 3d Dresales, 2 lb, £1 16s 8d Total sold to the garrison, £398 10s 4½d
224		221	Sold to Foreign Ships Vizt. Deals 26 Twine 6 4 . 17 . 6 Ironware 6 Sail Needles . 10 . 6 Coals 1½ Chaldron . 1 . Oyl 8 Bottles Florence 3 . 16 . 6 Glassware 2 Wine and water Glases . 14 . Nails 2 Scupper . 1 . 11 Cash 2 Conchevres . 1 . 3½ Pease 12 Bushels 24 . 7 . 6 Naval Stores Vizt. 7 3. 6 Barrells Powder 16 . 16 . 6 Spung Staves 1 . 1 . 6 Spung heads . 12 . 6 Rammer heads . 12 . 2 Sheep Skins . 4 . 19 . 5 . £90 . 18 . 4½ Sold to the Companys Ships Vizt. Pitch & Tarr Vizt. 3.2.14 Pitch 2 . 8 . 7½ 2 Barrells Tarr 3 . 1 . 6 2 Gallons D.o . 2 . 6 5 . 12 . 7½ Bread & Flour Vizt. 10.1.22 Bread 17 . 3 . 9 37.1.16 Flour 13 . 12 . 6 90 . 16 . 3 Lines 7 N.o 6 . 4 . 8 Nails Vizt. 4-4. Nails . 2 . 4 13¾ Copper Rivetts . 9 . 8 . 12 . Carried over£97 . 5 . 6½	Sold to foreign ships, viz. Deals, 26, £1 17s 6d Twine, 6 lb, £0 10s 6d Ironware, 6 sail needles, £0 1s 0d Coals, 1½ chaldron, £3 18s 6d Oil, 8 bottles Florence, £0 14s 0d Glassware, 2 wine and water glasses, £0 1s 11d Nails, 2 scupper, £0 1s 3½d Cash, 2 penknives, £2 7s 6d Pease, 12 bushels, £7 3s 0d Naval stores, viz. 6 barrels powder, £16 16s 0d 6 spung staves, £1 1s 0d 6 spung heads, £0 12s 0d 6 rammer heads, £0 12s 0d 2 sheep skins, £0 4s 0d £19 5s 0d £90 18s 4½d Sold to the Company's ships, viz. Pitch and tar, viz. 3 hundredweight 2 quarters 14 lb pitch, £2 8s 7½d 2 barrels tar, £3 1s 6d 2 gallons Do, £0 2s 6d £5 12s 7½d Bread and flour, viz. 10 hundredweight 1 quarter 22 lb bread, £17 3s 9d 13 hundredweight 1 quarter 16 lb flour, £13 12s 6d £90 16s 3d Lines, 7 no. 6, £0 4s 8d Nails, viz. 4 to 4½ nails, £0 2s 4d 15¾ copper rivets, £0 9s 8d £0 12s 0d Carried over, £97 5s 6½d
225		222	Brought over£97 . 5 . 6½ Paint Vizt. 1.28 White Lead . 19 . 10½ 21 Red Lead . 4 . 4½ 14 Yellow Ochre . 3 . 10 1 . 8 . 1 Deals 29 feet 4 Inch Plank 2 . 8 . 4 Cordage p.d. 9 12 . 10 . 3¾ Twine 1. 27 1 . 4 . 3¾ Candles 20 p.d 2 . 1 . 8 Turnersware Vizt. 1 Hair Broom . 1 . 11 6 Mops . 9 . 6 . 11 . 5 Canvas Vizt. 19 English 3 . 4 . 9 2 British Sail Cloth 6 . . 4 9 . 5 . 1 Anchor 1 W.t 28.1.14 58 . 18 . 6½ Paddy 4. 1 . 10 . Tinware 14½ doz Lanthorn Leaves 1 . 6 . 6 Oil 14 Gallons Linceed 4 . 9 . 6 Bunting 14 yards Best . 14 . 3¾ Twine Vizt. 12 Fine Twine . 19 . 6 Coarse D.o . 6 . 6 1 . 5 . 6 Pease 1 Puncheon 5 . 8 . 4 Pork 2 Puncheons 22 . 15 . £223 . " . 4¼	Brought over, £97 5s 6½d Paint, viz. 1 hundredweight 28 lb white lead, £0 19s 10½d 21 lb red lead, £1 1s 1½d 14 yellow ochre, £0 3s 10d £1 8s 1d Deals, 29 feet 1 inch plank, £2 8s 4d Cordage, 5 hundredweight 9 lb, £12 10s 3½d Twine, 1 lb 27 [...], £1 1s 3½d Candles, 20 lb, £2 1s 8d Turnersware, viz. 1 stair broom, £0 1s 11d 6 mops, £0 9s 6d £0 11s 5d Canvas, viz. 1 lb English, £3 1s 9d 2 lb British sail cloth, £6 0s 4d £9 5s 1d Anchor, 1, weighing 28 hundredweight 1 quarter 14 lb, £58 18s 6½d Paddy, 1 [...], £1 10s 0d Tinware, 14½ dozen lanthorn leaves, £1 6s 6d Oil, 14 gallons linseed, £4 9s 6d Bunting, 14 yards red, £0 14s 3½d Twine, viz. 12 lb fine twine, £0 19s 0d 6 lb coarse Do, £0 6s 6d £1 5s 6d Pease, 1 puncheon, £5 8s 4d Pork, 2 puncheons, £22 15s 0d £223 0s 4½d
226		223	Diet Expences D.r for Stores Delivered for the Use of the General Table from the 11 March to the 30 June 1744 Vizt. Arrack 300¾ Gallons £37 . 10 . 11¾ Sugar and Candy Vizt. 0.1.25½ Sugar 5 . 8 . 1¾ 2. . 18 Candy 3 . 15 . 4½ 9 . 2 . 3¾ Bread and Flower Vizt. 0.3.16 Bread . 14 . 7 33. . 12 Flower 27 . 5 . 6¾ 28 . . 1½ Salt 7 Bushells 2 . . 10 Oyl 24 Bottles Florence 3 . . . Vinegar 1 Gallon . 1 . 4 Pepper 3 . 1 . 6 Mustard Seed 1 Bushell . 10 . 1¾ Tea 6 Gallons . 7 . 6 Pease ¾ Bussell . 5 . 9¾ Grots 1 Bushell . 6 . 10¾ Beef and Pork Vizt. 10 c. Beef 2 . 9 . 4¾ 9 c. Pork 9 . 2 . 6 8 . 11 . 10¾ 90 . 18 . 11 Fortification D.r to Sundry Accounts for the following stores Issued from the 11 March to the 30 June 1744 Vizt. Cordage 24.2.3 for a Crane Rope D.o 7 . 15 . 3¾ Oyl ½ Gall. Linceed for Painting the Door on the Mount . 6 . 9½ Lead 4 c 2 6.t Pigg Leads for the Landing Place . 10 . 7 Iron 4 c. 10 lb. for the Smiths and Landing Place 3 . 1 . 3 Carried over£11 . 13 . 8¾	Diet expenses were debited for stores delivered for the use of the general table from 11 March to 30 June 1744, viz. Arrack, 300½ gallons, £37 10s 11½d Sugar and candy, viz. Sugar, 1 hundredweight 25½ lb, £5 8s 1½d Candy, 2 hundredweight 18 lb, £3 15s 4½d £9 2s 5¾d Bread and flour, viz. Bread, 3 hundredweight 16 lb, £0 18s 7d Flour, 33 hundredweight 12 lb, £27 5s 6½d £28 4s 1½d Salt, 7 bushels, £2 0s 10d Oil, 24 bottles Florence, £3 0s 0d Vinegar, 1 gallon, £0 1s 4d Pepper, 3 lb, £0 1s 6d Mustard seed, 1 bushel, £0 10s 1½d Tea, 6 gallons, £0 7s 6d Pease, ¾ bushel, £0 5s 9¾d Grots, 1 bushel, £0 6s 10½d Beef and pork, viz. 10 hundredweight beef, £2 9s 4½d 9¾ hundredweight pork, £9 2s 6d £8 11s 10½d £90 18s 11d Fortification was debited to sundry accounts for the following stores, issued from 11 March to 30 June 1744, viz. Cordage, 1 hundredweight 2 quarters 3 lb, for a crane rope, £7 15s 3¾d Oil, ½ gallon linseed, for painting the door on the mount, £0 6s 9½d Lead, 2 hundredweight 6 lb pig lead, for the landing place, £0 10s 7d Iron, 1 hundredweight, bolts for the sluices and landing place, £3 1s 3d Carried over, £11 13s 8¾d
227		224	Brought over£11 . 13 . 8¼ Packing 8 p.d for Lime bags . 9 . 4 Twine 2 p.d for D.o . 2 . 3 Pitch and Tarr Vizt. 05.1.3 Pitch, Drab for the Landing Place 2 . 10 . 6½ 3.1.10 Tarr, for Saving Gun Carriages 1 . 6 . 2 3 . 16 . 8½ Lines Vizt. 3 Lines Sorted . 1 . 2½ 2 Damaged Lines . 2 . . 3 . 2½ Nails Vizt. 50 4.d Nails . 10 . 5¼ 12 30.d D.o . 3 . 6 20 20.d D.o for two Necessary . 5 . 10 13 10.d D.o Houses & spare . 5 . 6½ 10 Spikes . 2 . 8½ 8 Flooring Brads . 2 . 10 1 . 10 . 10½ Paint & red Lead for painting the Carriages & Doors on Mount . 1 . 2 Blocks Vizt. 1 Single . 2 . 4 1 Double . 3 . . 9 . 4 Deals Vizt. 144 Deals for 2 Necessary house Doors 18 . 21 Spares 2 . 6 . 2½ 92 feet 5 Inch Plank for the Landing place 5 . 5 . 4 59 feet 4 Inch D.o 3 . . 2¼ 96¾ feet 3 Inch D.o 3 . 2 . 2 31 . 13 . 11 Carried over£56 . 9 . 6½	Brought over, £11 13s 8¾d Sacking, 8 lb, for lime bags, £0 9s 4d Twine, 2 lb, for Do, £0 2s 3d Pitch and tar, viz. 5 hundredweight 1 quarter 3 lb pitch, drape for the landing place, £2 10s 6½d 3 hundredweight 1 quarter 19 lb tar, for tarring gun carriages, £1 6s 2d £3 16s 8½d Lines, viz. 3 lines sorted, £0 1s 2½d 2 damaged lines, £0 2s 0d £0 3s 2½d Nails, viz. 50 4 lb nails, £0 10s 5½d 12 3 lb Do, £0 3s 6d 20 2 lb Do, for two necessary houses at Rupert's, £0 5s 10d 13 10 lb Do, £0 5s 6½d 10 spikes, £0 2s 8½d 8 flooring brads, £0 2s 10d £1 10s 10½d Paint and red lead, for painting the carriages and doors on the mount, £0 1s 2d Blocks, viz. 1 single, £0 2s 4d 1 double, £0 5s 0d £0 7s 4d Deals, viz. 144 deals, for two necessary house doors, £18 0s 0d 21 spars, £2 6s 2¼d 92 feet 3 inch plank, for a landing place, £5 5s 4d 59 feet 4 inch Do, £3 0s 2¾d 96¾ feet 3 inch Do, £3 2s 2d £31 13s 11d Carried over, £56 7s 6½d
228		225	Brought over£56 . 9 . 6½ Ironmongersware Vizt. 1 doz Gimblets . 1 . 6 3 Spike Gimblets . " . 8½ 2 Smoothing Plains . 2 . 11 1 Long Plain . 3 . 10½ 1 Jack Plain . 1 . 10 1 Fore Plain . 1 . 4 3 Carpenters Axes . 13 . 3 1 Adze . 2 . 2 2 Fragstones . " . 2½ 1 Sledge Hammer . 3 . 10 2 Bolt Rope Needles . " . 2½ 2 Palms . " . 1 12 Pick Axes 1 . 10 . " . 12 Holes . 6 . 3 4 Shod Shovells . 5 . 9 3 Spades . 9 . 10½ 3 Trowells . 7 . " . 4 . 10 . 7¾ Iron Potts 1 Small . 3 . 11 Grindstones 1 for the Blaster . 8 . 4 61 . 10 . 5½ Plantation D.r for Stores from the 11.th March to the 30.th June 1744 Vizt. Tinware 2 Watering Potts . 11 . Ironware 1 Spade for the Garden . 3 . 3½ Paddy 22.-7 for the Poultry 5 . 17 . 7½ 6 . 11 . 11	Brought over, £56 7s 6½d Ironmongersware, viz. 1 dozen gimblets, £0 1s 6d 3 spike gimblets, £0 0s 8½d 2 smoothing planes, £0 2s 11d 1 long plane, £0 3s 10½d 1 jack plane, £0 1s 10d 1 fore plane, £0 1s 4d 3 carpenters' axes, £0 13s 3d 1 adze, £0 2s 2d 2 gravestones, £0 0s 2½d 1 sledge hammer, £0 3s 10d 2 bolt rope needles, £0 0s 2½d 2 palms, £0 0s 1d 12 pick axes, £1 10s 0d 12 hoes, £0 6s 3d 4 shod shovels, £0 5s 9d 3 spades, £0 9s 10½d 3 trowels, £0 7s 0d £4 10s 7¾d Iron pots, 1 small, £0 3s 11d Grindstones, 1 for the blacksmith, £0 8s 4d £61 10s 5½d Plantation was debited for stores from 11 March to 30 June 1744, viz. Tinware, 2 watering pots, for the garden, £0 11s 0d Ironware, 1 spade, for the garden, £0 3s 3½d Paddy, 22 hundredweight 7 lb, for the poultry, £5 17s 7½d £6 11s 11d
229		226	Blacks D.r to Sundrys for the following Necessarys and Provisions Delivered them from the 11.th March to the 30.th June 1744 Vizt. Brandy 10 Gallons 1 . 19 . 2 Hooks and Lines Vizt. 13 doz Hooks . 6 . 1½ 150 Blue Hooks for Fishing . 1½ 3 doz 5 Lines . 6 . 9 . 13 . 3 Haberdashery 1½ oz English Silk for Lines . 2 . 6 Deals 3 . 7 . 6 Nails 1. 4 for a Coffin for an old Slave cal.d Scrub . 1¾ Rice 131.1.14 45 . 19 . 7½ Paddy 3.1.4 . 17 . 6 Shoes 12 p.r 2 . 17 . 9 Beef and Pork Vizt. 5½ p.d Beef 8 4 . 6 . 1½ 26 p.d Pork 24 . 9 . 4½ 108 . 15 . 6 161 . 13 . 2¼ Hospitall D.r for Stores delivered from the 11.th March to the 30.th June 1744 Vizt. for the Use of the Sick Vizt. Oil 5 Gallons Train . 16 . 8 Sugar 1.2.25½ 1 . 14 . 1¾ Bread & Flower Vizt. 0.2.6 Bread 1 . 13 . 6½ 1.16 Flower . 6 . 3 1 . 19 . 11½ Salt 1 Bushell . 5 . 10 Rice 3.2.8 1 . 5 . " . Carried over£6 . 1 . 6¾	Slaves were debited to sundries for the following necessaries and provisions delivered to them from 11 March to 30 June 1744, viz. Brandy, 10 gallons, £1 19s 2d Hooks and lines, viz. 13 dozen hooks, £0 6s 1½d 150 blue hooks, for fishing, £0 1s ¼d 3 dozen 5 lines, £0 6s 9d £0 13s 3d Haberdashery, 1½ oz English silk for lines, £0 2s 6d Deals, 3, £0 7s 6d Nails, 1 hundredweight 4 lb, for a coffin for an old slave cut short, £0 1s 4½d Rice, 13 hundredweight 1 quarter 14 lb, £45 19s 7½d Paddy, 3 hundredweight 1 quarter 4 lb, £0 17s 6d Shoes, 12 pairs, £2 17s 9d Beef and pork, viz. 84 lb beef, £8 6s 1½d 261 lb pork, £24 9s 4½d £108 15s 6d £161 13s 2¾d Hospital was debited for stores delivered from 11 March to 30 June 1744, for the use of the sick, viz. Oil, 5 gallons train, £0 16s 8d Sugar, 1 hundredweight 2 quarters 25½ lb, £1 14s 1½d Bread and flour, viz. 2 hundredweight 6 lb bread, £1 13s 6½d 1 hundredweight 16 lb flour, £0 6s 3d £1 19s 11½d Salt, 1 bushel, £0 5s 10d Rice, 3 hundredweight 2 quarters 8 lb, £1 5s 0d Carried over, £6 1s 6¾d Interpretations The account for slaves' provisions ran on the same footing as those for the hospital and the plantation, treating people as a further object of institutional supply rather than as members of the household proper. The note that a coffin was made "for an old slave cut short" points to a burial standard set below what would have been thought decent for a free settler, with a Company-issued plank ration serving as the measure of what a slave's death was owed.
230		227	Brought over£6 . 1 . 6¾ Tinware Vizt. 1 Large Lamp . 1 . 5½ 1 Small D.o . " . 8½ . 2 . 2½ Soap 4 . 2 . 6 Iron Potts 1 . 3 . 11 Haberdashery ½ Oz Silk . " . 10 Deals 4 . 10 . " . Nails 3-4 for Cotts . 1 . 11½ 7 . 3 . " . Boats D.r for the following Stores Issued from the 11.th March to the 30.th June for repairing the Pinnace &c Vizt. Turnersware 1 Mop . 1 . 1½ Pitch Vizt. 0.1 Pitch . 6 . 9 1.7 Tarr . 1 . 7½ . 7 . 10½ Nails Vizt. 7 4. Nails . 2 . 9½ 4 20 D.o . 3 . 2 . 5 . 11½ Deals 3 . 9 . 6 1 . 2 . 6 Soldiers Diet D.r for the following Stores Issued for the Subsistance of the New Recruits, before the Muskett was Established Vizt. Bread 4 c. 3.8 3 . 18 . 7 Pease 3 Bussells 1 . 5 . 6 Carried over£5 . 4 . 3	Brought over, £6 1s 6¾d Tinware, viz. 1 large lamp, £0 1s 5½d 1 small Do, £0 0s 8½d £0 2s 2½d Soap, 4 lb, £0 2s 6d Iron pots, 1, £0 3s 11d Haberdashery, ½ oz silk, £0 0s 10d Deals, 4, £0 10s 0d Nails, 3 lb 4 lb, for cots, £0 1s 11½d £7 3s 0d Boats were debited for the following stores, issued from 11 March to 30 June, for repairing the pinnace, etc, viz. Turnersware, 1 mop, £0 1s 1½d Pitch, viz. 20 lb pitch, £0 6s 9d 17 lb tar, £0 1s 1½d £0 7s 10½d Nails, viz. 7 lb 4 lb nails, £0 2s 9½d 4 lb 20 lb Do, £0 3s 2d £0 5s 11½d Deals, 3, £0 9s 6d £1 2s 6d Soldiers were debited for the following stores, issued for the subsistence of the new recruits before the mess bill was established, viz. Bread, 4 hundredweight 3 quarters 8 lb, £3 18s 9d Pease, 3 bushels, £1 3s 6d Carried over, £5 4s 3d
231		228	Brought over£5 . 4 . 3 Rice 0.-.23 . 8 . 5½ Beef and Pork Vizt. 52 p.d Beef 8 . 9 . " . 96 p.d Pork 10 . " . " . 18 . 9 . " . 24 . 1 . 8½ Garrison D.r for the following Stores Issued for their use from the 11.th March to the 30.th June 1744 Vizt. Tea 75 p.d Cattes for the Serjeant Guards 4 . 14 . 4½ Oil Vizt. 36½ Gallons Tarn D.o 6 . " . 10 2 q.t Linceed . 2 . 2½ 1 bottle Slasoned for Cleaning the Arms . 2 . 6 6 . 5 . 6½ Deals 13 1 . 12 . 6 Nails Vizt. 7. 20. for tions for y. Feltring and No. . 4½ 7 . 20. D.o . 3½ . " . 8¼ Paint Vizt. 26 Whiting for cleaning y. Fellirs Boat. . 5¼ 12 Yellow Oaker . 2 . 6 . 2 . 11¼ Tinware 20 Lamps 1 . 3 . " . Turnersware Vizt. 27 wood Bowles Delivered for the . 15 . 9 29 Platters and effects and . 15 . 9 1 . 11 . 6 for the New all Kettles 5 5 . 10 . 10 Barracks Iron Potts 23 3 . 10 . 11 Carried over£24 . 12 . 3½	Brought over, £5 4s 3d Rice, 24 [...], £0 8s 5½d Beef and pork, viz. 52 lb beef, £8 9s 0d 96 lb pork, £10 0s 0d £18 9s 0d £24 1s 8½d Garrison was debited for the following stores, issued for their use from 11 March to 30 June 1744, viz. Tea, 75 lb bottles, for the sentinel guards, £4 14s 4½d Oil, viz. 36½ gallons train, £6 0s 10d 2 lb linseed, £0 2s 2½d 1 bottle Florence, for cleaning the arms, £0 2s 6d £6 5s 6½d Deals, 13, £1 12s 6d Nails, viz. 7 lb, for scaffolding for building and thatching, £0 1s 4d 7 lb 20 lb, for the same, £0 3s 4½d £0 8s 8½d Paint, viz. 25 lb whiting, for cleaning and colouring the buildings, £0 5s 4d 12 lb yellow ochre, £0 2s 6d £0 2s 11½d Tinware, 20 lamps, £1 3s 0d Turnersware, viz. 27 wood bowls, delivered for the use and effects of the soldiers' barracks, £0 15s 9d 29 platters, delivered for the same, £0 15s 9d £1 11s 6d Kettles, 5, £5 10s 10d Iron pots, 23, £3 10s 11d Carried over, £24 12s 3½d
232		229	Brought over£24 . 12 . 3½ Ironware Vizt. 22 Frying Pans for the Barracks &c 1 . 16 . 8 1 Trunk Lock . 6 . ¼ 2 . 2 . 8½ Glassware Vizt. 1 Four hour Glass . 3 . 4 1 Two Hour D.o for the out Guards . 3 . 4 . 6 . 8 Pewter 1 dozen Alchimy Spoons for the new recruits . 5 . 10 Brandy 36 Gallons for the Guards on Muskering 9 . 1 . " . Clouthing delivered the Artillery Vizt. Broad Cloth 12½ yards Scarlet 34 . 4 . ¾ Shalloon 62½ yards Blue 5 . 10 . 8 Haberdashery Vizt. 5½ Oz Mohair for the Officers . 4 . " . 11 Oz Silk Coats . 18 . 4 24 doz Gilt Coat Buttons 3 . 1 . 6 25 doz D.o breast D.o 1 . 10 . " .¾ 5 . 14 . 7½ Soldiers Cloths Vizt. 12 Serjeants Coats 52 . 16 . " . 8 Corporals D.o 9 . 18 . " . 8 Gunners Mates Coats 19 . 13 . 4 8 Quarter Gunners D.o 15 . 8 . " . 20 Mattrosses D.o 32 . " . 8 4 Drummers D.o 12 . 2 . 2 1 Marshalls D.o . 18 . " . 8 Watch Coats 6 . 12 . " . 129 Soldiers Coats 206 . 11 . 11 355 . 10 . 1 Carried over£433 . 9 . 11¾	Brought over, £24 12s 3½d Ironware, viz. 22 frying pans, for the barracks etc, £1 16s 8d 1 trunk lock, £0 6s ½d £2 2s 8½d Glasses ware, viz. 1 four-hour glass, £0 3s 4d 1 two-hour Do, for the cutlass, £0 3s 4d Pewter, 1 dozen alchemy spoons, for the new recruits, £0 6s 8d Brandy, 36 gallons, for the guard on Muskering, £0 5s 10d Clothing delivered the military, viz. Broad cloth, 12½ yards scarlet, £34 4s 0d Shalloon, 62½ yards blue, £5 10s 8d Haberdashery, viz. 5½ oz mohair, for the officers' cloth, £0 1s 4d 11 oz silk, £0 18s 4d 24 dozen gilt coat buttons, £3 1s 6d 25 dozen Do breast Do, £1 10s 0½d £5 11s 2½d Soldiers' clothes, viz. 12 sergeants' coats, £52 16s 0d 8 corporals' Do, £9 18s 0d 8 gunners' mates' coats, £19 13s 4d 8 quarter gunners' Do, £15 8s 0d 20 matrosses' Do, £32 0s 8d 4 drummers' Do, £12 2s 2d 1 marshall's Do, £1 8s 0d 8 watch coats, £6 12s 0d 129 soldiers' coats, £206 11s 11d £355 10s 1d Carried over, £433 9s 11¾d
233		230	Brought over£435 . 7 . 11¾ Hatts Vizt. 20 Serjeant 11 . " . " . 4 Drummer . 11 . " . 131 Soldier 18 . " . 3 8 Officers 11 . 10 . " . 41 . 1 . 3 Shoes 241 P.r 49 . 14 . 1½ Hosersware, 241 p.r Thread Stockings 29 . 2 . 5 Shirts Vizt. 240 White 25 . " . " . 1 Dungree . 1 . 10 25 . 1 . 10 £580 . 7 . 6½ Charges General D.r for Stores Delivered from the 11.th March to the 30.th June 1744 Vizt. Bunting 8½ yards red for Seivas for the Flower . 6 . 2¾ Brazierware Vizt. 2 Copper Saucepans . 12 . 1 1 Large Hash Pan . 18 . 2½ 1 Small D.o D.o for the . 6 . 11 2 Skimmers Use of the . 12 . 8 2 Ladles Kitchen . 3 . 6 2 Copper Boyling Potts 2 . 10 . 7 3 . 12 . 11½ Scales 1 p.r for the Markett 2 . 4 . 11 Cordage 23 for a rope for the Well . 7 . " . Canvas Vizt. 63 Yards Canvas 3 . 16 . 1½ ½ yard Sepia Sail Cloth . 6½ 3 . 16 . 8 Carried over£12 . 7 . 8¾	Brought over, £433 9s 11¾d Hats, viz. 20 sergeants', £11 0s 0d 4 drummers', £0 11s 0d 131 soldiers', £18 0s 3d 8 officers', £11 10s 0d £41 1s 3d Shoes, 241 pairs, £29 14s 1½d Hosierysware, 241 pairs thread stockings, £29 2s 5d Shirts, viz. 250 white, £25 0s 0d 1 dungaree, £0 1s 10d £25 1s 10d £580 7s 6¾d Charges general were debited for stores delivered from 11 March to 30 June 1744, viz. Bunting, 8½ yards red, for sieves for the flour, £0 6s 2½d Braziersware, viz. 2 copper saucepans, £0 12s 1d 1 large flesh pan, £0 18s 2½d 1 small Do Do, for the use of the kitchen, £0 6s 11d 2 skimmers, £0 12s 8d 2 ladles, £0 3s 6d 2 copper boiling pots, £2 10s 7d £3 12s 11½d Scales, 1 lb, for the market, £2 4s 11d Cordage, 25 lb, for a rope for the well, £0 7s 0d Canvas, viz. 63 yards canvas, £3 16s 1½d ½ yard sepia sail cloth, £0 6s ½d £3 16s 8d Carried over, £12 7s 8¾d
234		231	Brought over£12 . 7 . 8¾ Corks 9 Grose 1 . " . 3 Deals Vizt. 127 Deals 13 . 17 . 6 7 Spars . 15 . 5 1 Wainscott Inch board for a Bedstead in for a bed . 4 . " . Bottle 16 . 16 . 11 Glassware Vizt. 120 Squal Glass 6 by 8 . 3 . 4 28 D.o D.o 8 by 10 . 10 . 6 18 D.o D.o 12 by 12 for repairing . 13 . 1½ 10 Half Plate Crown Glass the Windows 3 . " . " . 1466 Sq Diamond Cut Glass in the Castle 1 . 13 . 2 2 doz Wine glasses for the Table . 8 . " . 6 . 8 . 1½ Lines 4 Sorted . 1 . 8 Starch 11 . 4 . 7 Haberdasheryware Vizt. 3 p.c broad White Tape . 6 . 3 3 p.c Holland Tape . 1 . 3½ ¼ oz English Silk . 2 . 1 28½ y.d. Sprunt . 6 . 6¼ 1 Thousand Needles . 6 . " . 3 p.c Carnation Tape for the Office . 1 . 3 . 17 . 11 Kersey 8 yards for Cushions for the Church 9 . " . Ironmongersware Vizt. 1 Chaffing Dish for the Kitchen . 3 . 1½ 2 Pad Locks for the Coopers Shop . 5 . 2 1 Mawl for the Stone Blaster . 3 . 8½ 2 Helves for D.o . 1 . ½ 1 Hand Hammer D.o . 1 . 8 Ironmongersware Carried over . 15 . 8½ Carried over£38 . 6 . 2¼	Brought over, £12 7s 8¾d Corks, 9 groce, £1 0s 3d Deals, viz. 127 deals, £15 17s 6d 7 spars, £0 5s 5d 1 wainscot inch board, for a new tea-table and steps to the castle, £0 4s 0d £16 16s 11d Glassware, viz. 104 square glass, 6 by 8, £0 3s 4d 28 Do Do, 8 by 10, £0 10s 6d 48 Do Do, 12 by 12, £0 13s 1½d 10 half plate crown glass, for repairing the windows in the castle, £3 0s 0d 1,466 square diamond cut glass, £1 13s 2d 2 dozen wine glasses, for the table, £0 8s 0d £6 8s 1½d Lines, 4 sorted, £0 1s 8d Starch, 11 lb, £0 4s 7d Haberdasheryware, viz. 3 lb broad white tape, £0 6s 3d 3 lb Holland tape, £0 1s 3½d ¾ oz English silk, £0 2s 1d 28½ yards spinnet, £0 6s 6½d 1 hundred needles, £0 0s 6d 3 lb carnation tape, for the officers, £0 1s 3d £0 17s 11d Kersey, 8 yards, for cushions for the church, £0 9s 0d Ironmongersware, viz. 1 chaffing dish, for the kitchen, £0 3s 1½d 2 pad locks, for the express shop, £0 5s 2d 1 maul for the horse blaster, £0 3s 8½d 2 relives for Do, £0 1s ½d 1 hand hammer, for Do, £0 1s 8d Ironmongersware carried over, £0 15s 8½d Carried over, £38 6s 2¾d
235		232	Brought over£38 . 6 . 2¾ Ironmongersware Brought over . 15 . 8½ 2 Staffordshire Handles for making Sea bags . 4 . 2 2 Sill Locks . 7 . 6 1 Plate Bolt for the Necessary house . 5 . 6 1 p.r Small Stillyards for the Markett . 6 . 4½ 1 Stock Lock for the Cellar door in y. Castle . 4 . 8 2 Loping Axes 1 . 1 . 10¾ Cutleryware. 2 Cleavers for the Markett . 5 . 4 Iron Potts 1 for the Stone Blaster . 3 . 11 Lead 4.1.6 for the Landing Place 1 . 4 . 11 Nails Vizt. 2 Scupper Nails . 11 24 4 Nails . 9 . 1½ 13 3 D.o . 2 . 9½ 14 20 D.o 4 . 1 . " . 7 10 D.o . 3¾ 1½ Inch Boards for Glazing . 6½ 9 Cochers Rivetts 4 . 1½ 12 Flooring Brads 4 . 3 4 . 6 . ¾ Oil Vizt. 3 Gallons Linseed 13 . 3 2¾ D.o Train 9 . 2 1 . 2 . 5 Paint 95 Whiting for glazing the Castle windows . 1 . 4 2¾ Indico 4 . 2 Pitch & Tarr Vizt. 22 Pitch . 5 . 6 1 . 10½ 3½ Tarr 2 . 3¼ 5 Rozin . 6¾ 4 . 8¾ Carried over£44 . 15 . " .	Ironmongersware brought over, £0 15s 8½d 2 half pace trundles, for wheeling lime bags, £0 6s 3d 2 till locks, £0 4s 2d 1 plate bolt, for the necessary house, £0 0s 7d 1 lb small stiliards, for the market, £0 5s 6d 1 stock lock, for the cellar door in the castle, £0 6s 0d 2 lopping axes, £0 4s 8d £1 13s 10½d Cutleryware, 2 cleavers, for the market, £0 5s 4d Iron pots, 1, for the horse blaster, £0 3s 11d Lead, 1 hundredweight 1 quarter 6 lb, for the landing place, £1 4s 11d Nails, viz. 2 scupper nails, £0 0s 11d 24 4 lb nails, £0 9s 1½d 13 3 lb Do, £0 2s 9½d 14 20 lb Do, £0 1s 0d 7 10 lb Do, £0 0s 3½d 1½ inch brads for glazing, £0 0s 6d 9 cockers rivets, £0 1s 1½d 12 flooring brads, £0 1s 3d £0 6s 3d Oil, viz. 3 gallons linseed, £0 13s 3d 2½ Do train, £0 9s 2d £1 2s 5d Paint, viz. 95 lb whiting, for glazing the castle windows, £0 1s 4d 2½ indigo, £0 1s 2d Pitch and tar, viz. 22 lb pitch, £0 1s 10½d 34 lb tar, £0 2s 3½d 1 lb rozin, £0 0s 6d £0 4s 8d Carried over, £44 15s 0d
236		233	Brought over£44 . 15 . " . Pease ¾ Bushells for the Gardner . 3 . 10¾ Tinware Vizt. 3 Horn Lanthorns . 13 . " . 2 Glass D.o . 19 . ¾ 9 Pepper Boxes . 4½ 2 Cusaing Pans for the House of Kitchen use . 3 . " . 2 Dredging Boxes . 6 . " . 2 Lamps . 4 . 6¾ 1 wood grater . 1½ 1 . 17 . 6¼ Turnersware Vizt. 1 Seive . 1 . 2 2 Platters . 1 . 2 3 Bowles . 1 . 9 2 Mops for the use of y. House & Kitchen . 2 . 3 1 Scrubbing brush . 1 . 4 1 Broom . 1 . 4½ 3 Paint brushes . 1 . " . . 10 . 5½ Cutleryware. 2 Buck handle knives . 2 . " . Slober 18 . 2 . 2½ Iron 0.1.13 for the Use of the Smith . 15 . 7½ Grindstones 1 for the Carpenters . 5 . " . Tinware 1 Mahogny Weight for the Gunt. . 2 . 5½ Brandy 5 Gallons for Spirits . 11 . 9 Chinaware Vizt. 1 Sett Dishes and Plates 2 . " . " . 1 D.o 1 Soup Dish for the Use of y. Table . 13 . 4 2 doz Small Cups . 2 . 7 2 doz D.o Saucers . 2 . 9 12 Nogging Cups . " . 9 2 . 18 . 8 Carried over£49 . 3 . 10¾	Brought over, £44 15s 0d Pease, ¼ bushel, for the gardener, £0 3s 10½d Tinware, viz. 3 horn lanthorns, £0 13s 0d 2 glass Do, £0 19s ½d 6 pepper boxes, £0 4s ½d 2 dusting pans, for the house and kitchen use, £0 3s 0d 2 dredging boxes, £0 6s 0d 2 lamps, £0 4s 5½d 1 wood grater, £0 1s 1½d £1 19s 6½d Turnersware, viz. 1 sieve, £0 1s 2d 2 platters, £0 1s 2d 3 bowls, £0 1s 9d 2 mops, for the use of the house and kitchen, £0 2s 3d 1 scrubbing brush, £0 1s 4d 1 broom, £0 1s ½d 3 paint brushes, £0 1s 0d £0 10s 3½d Cutleryware, 2 buck handle knives, £0 0s 7d Shoter, 18, £0 2s 2½d Iron, 1 hundredweight 13 lb, for the use of the smith, £0 15s 7½d Grindstones, 1, for the carpenters, £0 5s 0d Tinware, 1 mahogany weight for the guest house, £0 2s 5½d Brandy, 5 gallons, for spirits, £0 11s 9d Chinaware, viz. 1 soup dishes and plates, £2 0s 0d 1 Do, £2 0s 0d 1 soup dish, for the use of the table, £0 13s 4d 2 dozen small cups, £0 2s 7d 2 dozen Do saucers, £0 2s 7d 12 negging cups, £0 0s 9d Chinaware carried over, £2 16s 8d Carried over, £47 3s 10½d Interpretations Negging cups were small handleless cups used for serving negus, a drink of port or sherry mixed with hot water, sugar, lemon and spice, popular through the eighteenth century and named for Colonel Francis Negus, who was said to have devised it. Their frequent appearance in these stores accounts, alongside soup dishes, saucers and tea equipage, points to a household and garrison table on St Helena stocked to something close to a genteel English standard, provisioned entirely through what the Company's ships brought in rather than through any local manufacture
237		234	Brought over£49 . 9 . 10½ Chinaware Brought over£2 . 18 . 8 3 Sneckers for the Use of y. Table . 9½ 2 Bowles . 1 . 5 2 . 18 . 8½ Pewter Vizt. 1 doz Spoons for the Kitchen . 2 . 1 1 doz Soup Plates for the Table 2 . " . " . 2 . 2 . 1 Pallampores Vizt. 1 Large . 16 . 6 2 Small for Covering for Beds in y. Castle . 8 . " . 1 . 4 . 6 Alleyars 11 p.d for Furniture for the Castle 6 . 10 . 3 Long Cloth 2½ Whiting for Table Linnen 2 . 4 . " . Twine 1½ . 1 . 8¾ Thread Vizt. 1½ W.t Thread Sorted . 8 . 5 1½ Coloud Thread . 2 . 3½ 3 Oz Nuns D.o for Mending Linnen . 8 . " . . 18 . 8½ Sugar 20 . 3 . 4¾ Tobacco 4 . 1 . 6 Candles 4 2. for y. Table & for the Councill 15 . 17 . 4 £81 . 12 . " .¾	Brought over, £47 3s 10½d Chinaware brought over, £2 16s 8d 3 sneethers, for the use of the table, £0 0s 9½d 2 bowls, £0 1s 5d £2 18s 8½d Pewter, viz. 1 dozen spoons, for the kitchen, £0 2s 1d 1 dozen soup plates, for the table, £2 0s 0d £2 2s 1d Pallampores, viz. 1 large, £0 16s 6d 2 small, for covering for bedding and coffle, £0 8s 0d £1 4s 6d Alliejars, 11 lb, for furniture for the house, £6 10s 3d Long cloth, 2 lb, muslin for table linen, £2 4s 0d Twine, 1¼ lb, £0 1s 8½d Thread, viz. 1 lb 3 quarters thread sorted, £0 8s 5d 1 lb coloured thread, £0 2s 3½d 3 oz nuns Do, for mending linen, £0 8s 0d £0 18s 8½d Sugar, 20 lb, £0 3s 1½d Tobacco, 4 lb, £0 1s 6d Candles, 2 lb, for the table and for the council, £15 19s 4d £81 12s 0½d Interpretations Alliejars, more usually spelled allejars or allejaes, were a striped or chequered cotton cloth woven in India and widely traded by the East India Company; the entry describing them as bought "for furniture for the house" fits their common use as an inexpensive furnishing fabric for chair covers and hangings, brought in through the same Company supply chain as the household's china and pewter. Nuns' thread was a fine linen thread, so called from its original manufacture by convents in Europe, valued for close needlework such as the mending of household linen recorded here; by the eighteenth century the name had become a generic trade term for that grade of thread rather than a mark of its actual source.
238		235	On the 14.th Instant arrived a Dutch Ship called the Stryen Capt. Vander Bleh, Burthen 800 Tons 79 Men and 22 Guns Laden Chiefly with Coffee from Batavia David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	On the 14th of that month, the Kryen, a Dutch ship of 800 tons burthen, arrived under Captain Vander Bleh, carrying 79 men and 22 guns, laden chiefly with coffee from Batavia. Signed: David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Matthew Purling.
239		236	At a Consultation held on the 24 July 1744 at the Castle Tuesday Present Colonel David Dunbar Gov.r Cap.t Charles Hutchinson L.t Gov.r John Goodwin Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read and Approved The Petition of James Greentree was Presented and read praying leave to dispose of Eight Acres of Leasehold Land lying in Sandy bay, to M.r John Twaits, and two Acres lying in Lemon Valley, to Joseph Powell Granted M.r Dixon Absent, being in the Country On the Companys Business, as Husband David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling	At a consultation held at the castle on Tuesday 21 July 1744, Governor David Dunbar presided, with Deputy Governor Charles Hutchinson and the councillors John Goodwin and Matthew Purling present. The council read and approved the minutes of the previous meeting. James Greentree petitioned the council for leave to dispose of eight acres of leasehold land in Sandy Bay to John Swaits, and two acres in Lemon Valley to Joseph Powell. The council granted the request. Christopher Dixon was absent, being in the country on the Company's business as husband. Interpretations The council noted Dixon's absence as serving "as husband," a title given to the Company officer responsible for overseeing its plantations, livestock and agricultural interests on the island. His being away on that business rather than at the castle shows the council's own membership doubling as its working administration, with a councillor's attendance at meetings routinely interrupted by the demands of the office he also held.
240		237	At a Consultation held on Tuesday y.e 7.th of Aug. 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Gov.r Cap.t Charles Hutchinson L.t Gov.r Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council Mathew Purling The last Consultation was read and Approved M.r Benjamin Pledgeed presented a Petition praying Liberty to renew a Lease for Sixteen Acres of Land which is Expird Granted This Day M.r John Goodwin Accomptant laid before us the Journal Parcels for the Month of June which were Examined and approved On the 28.th of July the Dutch Ship Sailed from hence for Holland David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling	At a consultation held at the castle on Tuesday 7 August 1744, Governor David Dunbar presided, with Deputy Governor Charles Hutchinson and the councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling present. The council read and approved the minutes of the previous meeting. Benjamin Pledgard petitioned for liberty to renew a lease for sixteen acres of land, which was granted. John Goodwin, accountant, laid before the council the journal parcels for the month of June, which were examined and approved. On 25 July the Dutch ship sailed from the island for Holland.
241		238	At a Consultation held on Tuesday y.e 14.th Augt. 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Gov.r Cap.t Char.s Hutchinson L.t Gov.r Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling The last Consultation was read and approved Ordered an advertisement to be published that a Sessions will be held on Tuesday the 4.th of Sept. This Day M.r Wright laid before us an acc.t of Wast, in the Companys other Goods, from the 30.th of Sep. to the 11.th of March which was ordered to be Examined Finding our Salt Beef and Pork not Sufficient to Supply all the Companys Slaves, Therefore agreed that only the working men bestowed with it The Assessor, Gunner, and Steward laid before us their Several accounts for the Month of July, which were Examined and Approved and are as follows Vizt.	At a consultation held at the castle on Tuesday 14 August 1744, Governor David Dunbar presided, with Deputy Governor Charles Hutchinson and the councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling present. The council read and approved the minutes of the previous meeting. The council ordered an advertisement published that assessments would be held on Tuesday 4 September. Wright laid before the council an account of waste in the Company's other goods from 30 September to the eleventh of March, which the council ordered examined. Finding the salt beef and pork not sufficient to supply all the Company's slaves, the council agreed that only the working men should be given it. The husband, the gunner and the steward laid before the council their several accounts for the month of July, which were examined and approved and are as follows.
242		239	Account of the Hon.ble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c.a for the Month of July 1744 Vizt. Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ews, Weathers, Rams, Lambs, Total, Ews, Weathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Pigs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total Remaining 1.st July: Bullocks 19, Cows 103, Heifers 24, Steers 22, Yearlings 30, Calves 77, Bulls 6, Total 307, Ews 96, Weathers 16, Rams 3, Lambs 40, Total 155, Ews 146, Weathers 46, Kids 92, Rams 2, Total 236, Sows 37, Barrows 22, Shoats 19, Pigs 10, Boars 3, Total 91, Turkeys 45, Fowls 31, Ducks 15, Geese 5, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Encreased in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 13, Ews 13, Weathers 0, Rams 0, Lambs 3, Total 3, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kids 39, Rams 0, Total 39, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 53, Boars 0, Total 53, Turkeys 0, Fowls 26, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Killed in D.o: Bullocks 19, Cows 103, Heifers 24, Steers 23, Yearlings 30, Calves 90, Bulls 6, Total 320, Ews 96, Weathers 16, Rams 3, Lambs 43, Total 158, Ews 146, Weathers 46, Kids 131, Rams 2, Total 325, Sows 37, Barrows 22, Shoats 19, Pigs 63, Boars 3, Total 144, Turkeys 45, Fowls 107, Ducks 15, Geese 5, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Shott in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ews 1, Weathers 1, Rams 0, Lambs 1, Total 3, Ews 1, Weathers 6, Kids 3, Rams 0, Total 10, Sows 1, Barrows 2, Shoats 0, Pigs 0, Boars 0, Total 3, Turkeys 3, Fowls 12, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Died in D.o: Bullocks 19, Cows 103, Heifers 24, Steers 23, Yearlings 30, Calves 90, Bulls 6, Total 320, Ews 95, Weathers 15, Rams 3, Lambs 42, Total 155, Ews 143, Weathers 40, Kids 128, Rams 2, Total 313, Sows 36, Barrows 20, Shoats 19, Pigs 63, Boars 3, Total 141, Turkeys 42, Fowls 95, Ducks 15, Geese 5, Horses 7, Mares 8, Total 15 Stole in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 1, Bulls 0, Total 1, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Rams 0, Lambs 1, Total 1, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 1, Barrows 2, Shoats 1, Pigs 3, Boars 0, Total 7, Turkeys 2, Fowls 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 1, Mares 0, Total 1 Remaining 31.st D.o: Bullocks 19, Cows 103, Heifers 24, Steers 23, Yearlings 30, Calves 89, Bulls 6, Total 319, Ews 95, Weathers 15, Rams 3, Lambs 41, Total 154, Ews 143, Weathers 40, Kids 128, Rams 2, Total 313, Sows 87, Barrows 18, Shoats 12, Pigs 60, Boars 3, Total 134, Turkeys 40, Fowls 95, Ducks 15, Geese 5, Horses 6, Mares 8, Total 14 170 Pork Expended Yams expended at the several Plantations 23000 3 Goats given to the sick Slaves 1 Girl Born the Second named May E.E. Chris. Dixon Husband	Account of the honourable Company's stock of neat cattle, etc, for the month of July 1744, viz. Neat cattle Remaining 1 July: 19 bullocks, 103 cows, 24 heifers, 22 steers, 30 yearlings, 77 calves, 6 bulls, total 307 Increased in Do.: 13 calves, total 13 Killed in Do.: 0 Died in Do.: 1 calf, total 1 Remaining 31 Do.: 19 bullocks, 103 cows, 24 heifers, 23 steers, 30 yearlings, 89 calves, 6 bulls, total 319 Sheep Remaining 1 July: 96 ewes, 16 wethers, 3 rams, 40 lambs, total 155 Increased in Do.: 3 lambs, total 3 Killed in Do.: 1 wether, 1 ram, 1 lamb, total 3 Died in Do.: 1 lamb, total 1 Remaining 31 Do.: 95 ewes, 15 wethers, 3 rams, 41 lambs, total 154 Goats Remaining 1 July: 146 ewes, 46 wethers, 92 kids, 2 rams, total 286 Increased in Do.: 39 kids, total 39 Killed in Do.: 1 ewe, 6 wethers, 3 kids, total 10 Died in Do.: 1 ewe, 1 wether, total 2 Remaining 31 Do.: 143 ewes, 40 wethers, 128 kids, 2 rams, total 313 Hogs Remaining 1 July: 37 sows, 22 barrows, 19 shoats, 10 pigs, 3 boars, total 91 Increased in Do.: 53 pigs, total 53 Killed in Do.: 37 sows, 1 barrow, 2 shoats, total 10 Died in Do.: 1 sow, 2 barrows, 1 shoat, 3 pigs, total 7 Remaining 31 Do.: 87 sows, 18 barrows, 12 shoats, 60 pigs, 3 boars, total 134 Poultry and horses Remaining 1 July: 45 turkeys, 31 fowls, 15 ducks, 5 jacks, 7 geese, 8 horses, 15 mares, total 91 Increased in Do.: 53 fowls, 26 ducks, total 53 Killed in Do.: 3 turkeys, 3 fowls, 12 ducks, total 10 Died in Do.: 2 fowls, 1 geese, 1 mare, total 7 Remaining 31 Do.: 40 turkeys, 95 fowls, 15 ducks, 5 jacks, 6 geese, 8 horses, 14 mares, total 0 170 lb of pork expended. Yams expended at the several plantations, 23,000. 3 goats given to the sick slaves. 1 girl born, the second, named May. Signed: Christopher Dixon, husband. Interpretations Neat cattle opened the month at 307, matching the June closing figure exactly, and rose only by the 13 calves born, with not a single beast killed, sold or dead across the whole return. That stands in sharp contrast to May and June, when the road had held nine ships at once and beef went out weekly to the Heathcote, the Princess of Wales, the Exeter, HMS Sutherland and half a dozen more; the convoy sailed together on 24 June, and with the road empty in July the herd was simply left alone to breed. Goats and hogs moved the other way, goats rising from 286 to 313 on 39 kids and hogs very nearly leaping from 91 to 134 on 53 pigs farrowed, the two breeding classes recovering ground precisely because no ship's purser was drawing on them for salt provision that month.
243		240	Gunners Stores expended from the 1.st of July to y.e 30.th Vizt. Guns fired, Shot fired, C.c 9, C.c 4, C.c 3, C.c 2, C.c ½, Powder Expended 1.st To Salute the Portugueze Ship at her Departure: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, C.c 9 0, C.c 4 0, C.c 3 0, C.c 2 9, C.c ½ 0, Powder Expended 9 14.th To an Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, C.c 9 0, C.c 4 2, C.c 3 2, C.c 2 0, C.c ½ 2, Powder Expended 13 D.o To Bring a Ship to at Bankes: Guns fired 2, Shot fired 2, C.c 9 2, C.c 4 0, C.c 3 0, C.c 2 0, C.c ½ 0, Powder Expended 14 15.th To Salute a Dutch Ship at her arrival: Guns fired 13, Shot fired 0, C.c 9 0, C.c 4 0, C.c 3 0, C.c 2 13, C.c ½ 0, Powder Expended 13 29.th To an Alarm at Bankes: Guns fired 2, Shot fired 2, C.c 9 2, C.c 4 0, C.c 3 0, C.c 2 0, C.c ½ 0, Powder Expended 14 To the Guard and out Work: Guns fired 0, Shot fired 0, C.c 9 0, C.c 4 0, C.c 3 0, C.c 2 0, C.c ½ 0, Powder Expended 27 Totall: Guns fired 32, Shot fired 4, C.c 9 4, C.c 4 2, C.c 3 2, C.c 2 22, C.c ½ 2, Powder Expended 90 Spunge Staves 8 Handspikes 12 Axeltrees 4 Signed John French Paper 2 Quire Match 23 lb Leadshot 2½.t Trucks 8 Expended at the General Table from y.e 1.st of July to the 30.th Vizt. 31 Bottles of Port Wine 3 . 11 . 1½ 1 D.o of Red Cape . 1 . 1½ 42 D.o Lisbon 2 . 17 . 9 7 D.o White Cape . 9 . 7½ 9 D.o Madera . 13 . 6 5 D.o Florence Oyl . 12 . 6 155 D.o Beer 1 . 10 . 8 46 Gallons of Arrack 9 . 4 . " . 75 Sugar . 14 . 9 Carried over£19 . 15 . 1½	Gunners' stores expended from 1 July to 30 July, viz. 1 July: to salute the Portuguese ship at her departure, 9 guns fired, 9 lb 2 oz powder, total 9 14 July: to an alarm, 6 guns fired, 2 lb 4 lb, 2 lb 3, 2 lb ½, total 13 Do.: to bring a ship to at Banks's, 2 guns fired, 2 shot fired, 2 lb 9, total 14 15 July: to salute a Dutch ship at her arrival, 13 guns fired, 13 lb 2, total 13 29 July: to an alarm at Banks's, 2 guns fired, 2 shot fired, 2 lb 9, total 14 To the guard and out fork, total 27 Total: 32 guns fired, 4 shot fired, 4 lb 9, 2 lb 4, 2 lb 3, 22 lb 2, 2 lb ½, 90 lb powder expended Signed, John French. Sponge staves, 8 Handspikes, 12 Axletrees, 4 Paper, 2 quire Match, 23 lb Lead shot, 2½ hundredweight Tracks, 8 Expended at the general table from 1 July to 30 July, viz. 31 bottles of port wine, £3 11s 1½d 1 Do. of red Cape, £0 1s 1½d 42 Do. Lisbon, £2 17s 9d 7 Do. white Cape, £0 9s 7½d 9 Do. Madeira, £0 13s 6d 5 Do. Florence oil, £0 12s 6d 155 Do. beer, £1 10s 8d 46 gallons of arrack, £9 4s 0d 70 sugar, £0 14s 9d Carried over, £19 15s 1½d
244		241	Brought over£19 . 15 . 1½ Candy 40 . 12 . 6 2 Casks of Flower 3 . 1 . 2 1 Bushell of Salt . 5 . 10 10 p.d Salt Beef 1 . 9 . 4½ 25 D.o Salt Pork 2 . 5 . 10 153 Fresh Pork 3 . 16 . 6 2 Sheep 2 . " . " . 3 Kids . 15 . " . 1 Lamb . 10 . " . 12 Fowls . 18 . " . 35 Turkeys . 15 . " . 43 Butter 2 . 5 . " . 19 Geese . 18 . " . £39 . 7 . 4 This day Counted the Hon.ble Companys Cash and found it in the following manner vizt. Cash D.r C.r To Ballance of Cash 1.st July£2913 . 11 . 11 July 1.st By Charge To Cash rec.d of Rob.t Wright 60.b. 26. By Cash p.d James £2972 . 17 . 11 Dukins for so m. by them disbursed over£2 . 13 . 7 above y.e Day Supt from Man th. to Support by Hospital 26 By Cash p.d for 65 b. Blue Linnen to make 3. blacks Shirts 5 . 18 . 7 By Ballance£2966 . 19 . 4 £2972 . 17 . 11	Brought over, £19 15s 1½d Candy, 40 lb, £0 12s 6d 2 casks of flour, £3 1s 2d 1 bushel of salt, £0 5s 10d 10 lb salt beef, £1 9s 4½d 25 Do. salt pork, £2 5s 10d 153 lb fresh pork, £3 16s 6d 2 hogs, £2 0s 0d 3 kids, £0 15s 0d 1 lamb, £0 10s 0d 12 fowls, £0 18s 0d 33 turkeys, £0 15s 0d 43 butter, £2 5s 0d 19 geese, £0 18s 0d £39 7s 4d The council this day counted the honourable Company's cash and found it stood in the following manner, viz. Cash To balance of cash 1 July, £2,873 11s 11d To cash of Robert Wright, £60 6s 0d £2,972 17s 11d Start of crossed out section By cash disbursed over the above nine days: to support the hospital, and by cash to Ford for tobacco, blue linen to make three blacks' shirts, £5 18s 7d End of crossed out section By balance, £2,966 19s 4d £2,972 17s 11d
245		242	Cash D.r C.r 1744 July 1.st To Ballance of Cash£2912 . 11 . 11 Received of Rob.t Wright 60 . 6 . 0 2972 . 17 . 11 By an Alarm 0 . 5 . 0 By Cash paid James Dubois 2 . 13 . 7 By d.o paid 6 peices Blue Lennen 3 . 0 . 0 By Ballance in the following Species Vizt. 8613½ Doll.rs£2153 . 7 . 6 465 Pagodas 209 . 5 . 0 7 Venetians 3 . 10 . 0 441 French p.s D. 2. 3 . 13 . 6 1 Large p.o Gold w.t 15.14 46 . 1 . 8½ 4 Small D.o - 3.9.12 13 . 11 . ½ 176 Double ryalls 11 . 0 . 0 Cash Notes 526 . 0 . 0 Odd Money 0 . 10 . 7 2966 . 19 . 4 £2972 . 17 . 11 David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling	Cash Debtor 1744, 1 July: to balance of cash, £2,912 11s 11d Received of Robert Wright, £60 6s 0d £2,972 17s 11d Creditor By an alarm, £0 5s 0d By cash paid James Dubois, £2 13s 7d By Do. paid, six pieces blue linen, £3 0s 0d By balance in the following species, viz. 8,613½ dollars, £2,153 7s 6d 465 pagodas, £209 5s 0d 7 Venetians, £3 10s 0d 441 French pieces at 2s, £3 13s 6d 1 large piece gold, weighing 11 oz 15 dwt 14 gr, £46 1s 8½d 4 small Do, weighing 3 oz 9 dwt 12 gr, £13 11s ½d 176 double royals, £11 0s 0d Cash notes, £526 0s 0d Odd money, £0 10s 7d £2,966 19s 4d £2,972 17s 11d Signed: David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Matthew Purling.
246		243	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 11.th day of Sept.r 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govern.r Cap.t Charles Hutchinson Lieu.t Gov.r Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling The Last Consultation was read and Approved The following is M.r Wrights Account of Wast delivered in the Last Consultation Vizt. Profitt & Loss to Sundry Accounts D.r from 30.th Sept.r to 11.th March 1743 Vizt. Hooks & Lines Vizt. 2250 Hooks of Sizes 0 . 0 . 7 9.9.3 d.o for D.o 0 . 10 . 4½ 5.2 Lines for D.o 0 . 19 . 9¼ 1.7 d.o damaged 0 . 2 . 7 2 . 8 . 4 Haberdashery Vizt. 5 peices Tape for D.o 0 . 5 . 9¼ 18 Yards Gartering 0 . 2 . 2½ 8½ Yards May Tape 0 . 1 . 7 0 . 9 . 7¾ Hosiersware 1 p.r Womens Stockg.s 0 . 0 . 0 . 3 . 8 Kersey 3½ Yard 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 10 Lanthorns 2 Leaves 0 . 0 . 0 . 2¼ Nailes Vizt. 56½.t Spikes 0 . 15 . 3¼ 67½.t Flooring Brads 1 . 1 . 9¼ 22.t Coopers Rivetts 0 . 10 . 1 7.t Scupper Nailes 0 . 3 . 2¾ 22.t 0 . 12 . 6¼ 8½.t 1 . 16 . ¼ 23.t 0 . 8 13½.t 0 . 3 . 11¾ 5 . 12 . 7 Carried Over£8 . 15 . 9¼	At a consultation held at the castle on Tuesday 11 September 1744, Governor David Dunbar presided, with Deputy Governor Charles Hutchinson and the councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling present. The council read and approved the minutes of the previous meeting. Wright's account of waste, delivered at the last meeting, follows. Profit and loss was debited to sundry accounts, from 30 September to 11 March 1743, viz. Hooks and lines, viz. 2,250 hooks of sizes, £0 0s 7d 9 dozen 3 Do sorted, £0 10s 4½d 5 dozen 2 lines sorted, £0 17s 9d 1 dozen 7 Do damaged, £0 2s 7d £2 8s 4d Haberdashery, viz. 5 pieces tape sorted, £0 5s 9½d 18 yards gartering, £0 2s 2½d 8½ yards May tape, £0 1s 7d £0 9s 7d Hosierys, 1 pair women's stockings, £0 3s 8d Kersey, ¾ yard, £0 0s 10d Lanthorns, 2 leaves, £0 0s 2½d Nails, viz. 56½ lb spikes, £0 15s 3d 61¼ lb flooring brads, £1 1s 9¼d 22 lb coopers' rivets, £0 10s 1d 7 lb scupper nails, £0 3s 2¼d 22 lb 6 lb, £0 12s 6¼d 86¼ lb 6 lb, £1 16s ¾d 23 lb 30 lb, £0 12s 8d 73¼ lb 40 lb, £0 3s 11¼d £5 19s 7d Carried over, £8 15s 9¼d
247		244	Bro.t Over£8 . 15 . 9¼ Oyle Vizt. 0 Bottles Florence 1 . 0 . 0 21 Gall.s Rape & Train 3 . 10 . 0 4 . 10 . 0 Paint Vizt. 23.t Umber 0 . 7 . 8 18.t Yellow Oaker 0 . 3 . 7 0.1.3.13 Whiting 0 . 3 . 5¼ 0.1.10 Smalts 3 . 3 . 4 4.t Red Oaker 0 . 2 . 9¼ 13¾ Indigo 1 . 2 . 0 5 . 0 . 9¾ Pitch & Tarr Vizt. 2 Barrells Pitch 2 . 8 . 4 10 Barrells Tarr 11 . 11 . 7 13 . 19 . 11 Starch 11.t 0 . 4 . 1½ Shoes Vizt. 2 p.r Womens 0 . 5 . 6 1 p.r Girls 0 . 1 . 10¼ 1 Wom.s Last 0 . 0 . 8 0 . 7 . 0¼ Thread Vizt. 2.t Brown 0 . 2 . 4 6 Oz Nuns 0 . 7 . 6 0 . 9 . 10 Vinegar 69 Gallons 6 . 12 . 3 Salt 5½ Bushells 1 . 12 . 1 Soap 0.1.1.21 5 . 2 . 6 Carried Over£46 . 13 . 9	Brought over, £8 15s 9¼d Oils, viz. 6 bottles Florence, £1 0s 0d 21 gallons rape and train, £3 10s 0d £4 10s 0d Paint, viz. 23 lb amber, £0 7s 8d 18 lb yellow ochre, £0 3s 7d 1 hundredweight 2 quarters 13 lb whiting, £0 3s 5½d 1 hundredweight 10 lb smalts, £3 3s 4d 4 lb red ochre, £0 2s 9½d 13¾ indigo, £1 2s 0d £5 0s 9¾d Pitch and tar, viz. 2 barrels pitch, £2 8s 4d 10 barrels tar, £11 11s 7d £13 19s 11d Starch, 11 lb, £0 4s 1½d Shoes, viz. 2 pairs women's, £0 5s 6d 1 pair girls', £0 1s 10½d 1 women's last, £0 0s 8d £0 7s ¾d Thread, viz. 2 lb brown, £0 2s 4d 6 oz nuns, £0 7s 6d £0 9s 10d Vinegar, 69 gallons, £6 12s 3d Salt, 5¼ bushels, £1 12s 1d Soap, 5 hundredweight 1 quarter 21 lb, £5 2s 6d Carried over, £46 13s 9d
248		245	Bro.d Over£46 . 13 . 9 Sugar & Candy Vizt. 0.0.1.7 Sugar 5 . 19 . 9 2.3.17 Candy 5 . 1 . 2¾ 11 . 0 . 11¾ Turnersware Vizt. 1 Hair Broom 0 . 2 . 2¾ 4 Scrubbing Brushes for D.o 0 . 4 . 0 2 Cloth Brushes 0 . 2 . 7 13 Wood Bowls broke 0 . 7 . 5 2 Platters d.o 0 . 1 . 5 2 Mops 0 . 2 . 3 5 Flaskets 0 . 12 . 6¼ 2 Coves broke 0 . 2 . 4½ 2 Paint Brushes broke 0 . 0 . 8 1 . 15 . 3¼ Tinware - 1 Pudding & Dusty Pan 0 . 2 . 1¾ Chelloe 3½ Peices 3 . 15 . 9½ Chinaware Vizt. 1 Tea pott 0 . 0 . 1½ 1 Blue & White plate 0 . 0 . 2¾ 84 Cups for D.o 0 . 5 . 3 0 . 5 . 7¼ Pallampores 2 0 . 13 . 8 Tea 7½.t 0 . 19 . 7 Candles 6.1.25¾ 3 . 18 . 9¾ Pewter Vizt. 3 Alchemy Spoons 0 . 2 . 4 1 Cullender 0 . 6 . ¾ 0 . 8 . 4¾ Carried Over£71 . 11 . 5	Brought over, £46 13s 9d Sugar and candy, viz. 6 hundredweight 1 quarter 7 lb sugar, £5 19s 9d 2 hundredweight 3 quarters 17 lb candy, £5 1s 2¾d £11 0s 11¾d Turnersware, viz. 1 hair broom, £0 2s 2¾d 4 scrubbing brushes, sorted for lack, £0 4s 0d 2 cloth brushes, £0 2s 3d 13 wood bowls broke, £0 7s 5d 2 platters Do, £0 1s 5d 2 mops, £0 2s 3d 5 flaskets, £0 12s 6¼d 2 sieves broke, £0 2s 2¾d 2 paint brushes broke, £0 0s 8d £1 15s 3¼d Tinware, 1 pudding and dusting pan, £0 2s 1½d Chelloes, 3½ pieces, £3 15s 9¾d Chinaware, viz. 1 tea pot, £0 0s 1½d 1 blue and white plate, £0 0s 2¼d 84 cups sorted, £5 3s 0d £5 9s 3¾d Pallampores, 2, £0 13s 8d Tea, 7½ lb, £2 19s 7d Candles, 6 lb 1 quarter 25¼ lb, £3 15s 9¼d Pewter, viz. 5 alchemy spoons, £0 2s 4d 1 cullender, £0 6s 0¾d £0 8s 4¾d Carried over, £71 11s 5d
249		246	Bro.t Over - £71 . 11 . 5 Glassware Vizt. 19 Wine Glasses 0 . 6 . 4 84 Squares of Glass 6 by 8 0 . 14 . 0 2 D.o - 12 by 12 0 . 1 . 5½ 51 D.o - 8 by 10 0 . 19 . 1½ 2 Wine & Water Glasses 0 . 1 . 3 1 Cruett 0 . 1 . 7½ 1 half hour Glass 0 . 0 . 6½ 2 half plate Crown Glass 0 . 12 . 0 2 . 16 . 4 Cordage 0.8.2.14 14 . 13 . 4½ Brandy 322½ Gallons 63 . 3 . 1¾ Bread & Flour Vizt. 0.17.1.18 Bread 14 . 2 . 11 5.3.20 Flour 4 . 15 . 2 18 . 18 . 1 Rice & Paddy Vizt. 0.6.1.1 Paddy 1 . 13 . 4 0.0.14 Calavances 0 . 0 . 3¾ 1 . 13 . 7¾ Bunting 3½ Yards 0 . 4 . 0 Blanketts 3 Sorted 1 . 3 . 11½ Combs 0 Buckling 0 . 1 . 8 Corks Vizt. 0.10½ Corks 0 . 4 . 2½ 0.1 Corkwood 0 . 0 . 4 0 . 4 . 6½ Cutleryware Vizt. 1 doz Wood handle Knives 0 . 5 . 0 1 Cleaver 0 . 2 . 8 Carried Over£174 . 17 . 9	Brought over, £71 11s 5d Glassware, viz. 19 wine glasses, £0 6s 4d 84 squares of glass, 6 by 8, £0 14s 0d 2 Do, 12 by 12, £0 1s 5½d 51 Do, 8 by 10, £0 19s 1½d 2 wine and water glasses, £0 1s 3d 1 cruet, £0 1s 7½d 1 half hour glass, £0 0s 6½d 2 half plate crown glass, £0 12s 0d £2 16s 4d Cordage, 8 hundredweight 2 quarters 14 lb, £14 13s 4½d Brandy, 322½ gallons, £63 3s 1¼d Bread and flour, viz. 17 hundredweight 1 quarter 18 lb bread, £14 2s 11d 5 hundredweight 3 quarters 20 lb flour, £4 15s 2d £18 18s 1d Rice and paddy, viz. 6 hundredweight 14 lb paddy, £1 13s 4d 14 lb calavances, £0 0s 3¾d £1 13s 7¾d Bunting, 3½ yards, £0 4s 0d Blankets, 3 sorted, £1 3s 11½d Combs, 8 buckling, £0 1s 8d Corks, viz. 1 gross 10½ dozen corks, £0 4s 9¾d 1 lb corkwood, £0 0s 4d £0 5s 1¾d Cutleryware, viz. 1 dozen wood-handle knives, £0 5s 0d 1 cleaver, £0 2s 8d Carried over, £174 18s 2d
250		247	Bro.d Over£174 . 17 . 9 Canvas 0 p.c 4 D.o Sacking 4 . 3 . 6 Gold Twist 1¾ Oz Silver Thread 0 . 12 . 10 Brazierware Vizt. 1 Copper Boyling Pott 1 . 9 . 9½ 1 Saucepan 0 . 12 . 2 1 Hashpan 0 . 11 . 0 1 Brass Chaffin dish damaged 0 . 6 . 1 2 . 19 . ½ Iron Potts 2 broke 0 . 17 . 0 Oars 1 broke 0 . 3 . 4 Shirks Vizt. 12 Dungree 1 . 2 . 0 18 Fine 1 . 17 . 6 2 . 19 . 6 St Helena 21.st Aug.t 1744 Signed Errors Excepted Robert Wright 186 . 13 . 7½ Upon Examination of the above Account we found in severall Articles Large Charges for Wast Therefore agreed to make him the following Allowance, but leave the Debate to the Company to determine Vizt. Hooks & Lines Vizt. 365 Hooks Sorted 4 . 10 . 0 8 Lines Carried Over£4 . 10 . 0	Brought over, £174 18s 2d Canvas, 1 piece 4 yards sacking, £4 3s 6d Gold twist, 1¾ oz silver thread, £0 12s 10d Braziersware, viz. 1 copper boiling pot, £1 9s 9½d 1 saucepan, £0 12s 2d 1 hash pan, £0 11s 0d 1 brass chaffing dish, damaged, £0 6s 1d £2 19s ½d Iron pots, 2 broke, £0 17s 0d Oars, 1 broke, £0 3s 4d Shirts, viz. 12 dungaree, £1 2s 0d 18 fine, £1 17s 6d £2 19s 6d £186 13s 7½d St Helena, 21 August 1744, signed, errors excepted, Robert Wright. Upon examination of the above account, several whole large charges for waste therein were found. The council agreed to make the allowance recorded below, but left the details to the Company to determine, viz. Hooks and lines, viz. 365 hooks sorted, £0 4s 10d 8 lines, £0 4s 10d Carried over, £0 4s 10d
251		248	Bro.d Over£0 . 4 . 10 Haberdashery Vizt. 1 p.r Tape 0 . 1 . 2 6 Yards Gartering 0 . 0 . 9¾ 0½ Yards Sky Tape 0 . 1 . 7 0 . 3 . 6¾ Hosersware. 1 p.r Wom.s Stockg. 0 . 3 . 8 Kersey ¾ Yard 0 . 0 . 10 Lanthorns 2 Leaves 0 . 0 . 2¾ Nailes 53.t 1 . 10 . 2¾ Oyle Vizt. 4 Bottles Florence 0 . 10 . 0 21 Gall.s Rape & Train in lieu of the Large Shares in 3 . 10 . 0 Small Vessells & Great Quantity of Dregs 4 . 0 . 0 Paint Vizt. 7½.t Whiting 0 . 0 . 1½ 4.t Red Oaker 0 . 0 . 9½ 1¾.t Indico 0 . 2 . 1 0 . 3 . 0¾ Pitch & Tarr Vizt. 1 Barrell of Tarr in lieu of 1 D.o Pitch Leakage 2 . 7 . 4 Thread Vizt. 1 Oz Nuns 0 . 1 . 3 ½ Brown 0 . 2 . 4 0 . 3 . 7 Vinegar 6 Gall.s for Leakage & Wast in Glaseing 0 . 11 . 0 Salt 2¾ Bushells 0 . 16 . 0¾ Soap 56.t 1 . 15 . 7¾ Sugar & Candy Vizt. 0.6.-.7 Sugar in Consequence of 5 . 19 . 9 2.-3.17 Candy Good Barrells & 5 . 1 . 2¾ low & Latishoard 11 . 0 . 11¾ Carried Over£23 . 1 . 4¾	Brought over, £0 4s 10d Haberdashery, viz. 1 piece tape, £0 1s 2d 6 yards gartering, £0 0s 7¾d 8½ yards May tape, £0 1s 7d £0 3s 6¾d Hosiersware, 1 pair women's stockings, £0 3s 8d Kersey, ¾ yard, £0 0s 10d Lanthorns, 2 leaves, £0 0s 2½d Nails, 53½ lb, £1 10s 2¼d Oils, viz. 6 bottles Florence, £0 10s 0d 21 gallons rape and train, lost of the large jars in one of the largest vessels and great quantity of drops, £3 10s 0d £4 0s 0d Paint, viz. 7½ lb whiting, £0 0s 1¾d 4 lb red ochre, £0 0s 9¾d 1½ lb indigo, £0 2s 1d £0 3s 0¾d Pitch and tar, viz. 1 barrel of tar, in leakage, £2 7s 4d 1 Do pitch Thread, viz. 1 oz thread, £0 1s 3d ½ lb crown, £0 2s 4d £0 3s 7d Vinegar, 6 gallons, for leakage and waste in gauging, £0 11s 0d Salt, 2¾ bushels, £0 16s 0¾d Starch, 56 lb, £1 15s 7¾d Sugar and candy, viz. 6 hundredweight 7 lb sugar, in lieu thereof, £5 19s 9d 2 hundredweight 3 quarters 17 lb candy, spoiled by breaking down and leakage, £5 1s 2¾d £11 0s 11½d Carried over, £23 1s 4¾d
252		249	Bro.t Over£23 . 1 . 4¾ Turnersware Vizt. 1 Hair Broom 0 . 2 . 3¾ 4 Scrubbing Brushes 0 . 4 . 0 2 Cloth Brushes 0 . 2 . 2 13 Wood Bowles 0 . 7 . 7 2 Platters 0 . 1 . 5 2 Mops 0 . 2 . 3 2 Coves 0 . 2 . 2½ 2 Paint Brushes 0 . 0 . 8 1 . 2 . 7¼ Tinware. 1 Pudding or Pasty Pan 0 . 2 . 4¾ Chelloe ½ peice 0 . 4 . 3¾ Chinaware Vizt. 1 Tea pott 0 . 0 . 1¾ 1 Blue & White plate 0 . 0 . 2¾ 50 Cups 0 . 3 . 1¼ 0 . 3 . 8¾ Tea 3.t 0 . 4 . 3¾ Candles 12.t 0 . 0 . 0 . 17 . 0 Pewter 3 Alchemy Spoons 0 . 2 . 4 Glassware Vizt. 42 Squares 6 by 8 0 . 7 . 0 26 D.o 8 by 10 0 . 9 . 11 19 Wine Glasses 0 . 6 . 4 2 Squares 12 by 12 0 . 1 . 5¾ 2 Wine & Water Glasses 0 . 1 . 3 1 Cruett 0 . 1 . 7¾ 1 half hour Glass 0 . 0 . 6¾ 2 half plate Crown Glass 0 . 12 . 0 2 . 0 . 1¾ Cordage 0.8.2.14 Allowed in Consequence of having Weighed Sea.tt of Cable & 14 . 13 . 4½ Found them deficient of their Tallies Brandy 129 Gall.s 25 . 5 . 2¾ Bread & Flour Vizt. 5.2.-. Bread 4 . 9 . 10 2.-.-. Flour 1 . 12 . 8 6 . 2 . 6 Carried Over£73 . 18 . 2	Brought over, £23 1s 4¾d Turnersware, viz. 1 hair broom, £0 2s 3¾d 4 scrubbing brushes, £0 4s 0d 2 cloth brushes, £0 2s 2d 13 wood bowls, £0 7s 7d 2 platters, £0 1s 5d 2 mops, £0 2s 3d 2 sieves, £0 2s 2½d 2 paint brushes, £0 0s 8d £1 2s 7½d Tinware, 1 pudding or pastry pan, £0 2s 4½d Chelloe, ½ piece, £0 4s 3¾d Chinaware, viz. 1 tea pot, £0 0s ¾d 1 blue and white plate, £0 0s 2¼d 50 cups, £0 3s 1½d £0 3s 8¼d Tea, 5 lb, £0 4s 3¾d Candles, 12 lb, £0 17s 0d Pewter, 3 alchemy spoons, £0 2s 4d Glassware, viz. 42 squares, 6 by 8, £0 7s 0d 26 Do, 8 by 10, £0 9s 11d 19 wine glasses, £0 6s 4d 2 squares, 12 by 12, £0 1s 5½d 2 wine and water glasses, £0 1s 3d 1 cruet, £0 1s 7½d 1 half hour glass, £0 0s 6½d 2 half plate crown glass, £0 12s 0d £2 0s 1¾d Cordage, 8 hundredweight 2 quarters 14 lb, allowed in consideration of having weighed the whole of the cargo and found them deficient of their tallies, £14 13s 4½d Brandy, 129 gallons, £25 5s 2¾d Bread and flour, viz. 6 hundredweight 2 quarters bread, £4 9s 10d 2 hundredweight flour, £1 12s 8d £6 2s 6d Carried over, £73 18s 2d
253		250	Brod Over£73 . 18 . 2 Rice & Paddy Vizt. 0.1.-.1 Paddy 0 . 6 . 9 14.t Calavances 0 . 0 . 3¼ 0 . 7 . ¼ Bunting 3½ Yards 0 . 4 . 0 Combs 1 Buckling 0 . 0 . 9¼ Corks 10 Sey 0 . 2 . 0 Cutleryware. 2 Butchers Knives 0 . 0 . 10 Canvas 4 Yards Sacking 0 . 2 . 9 Gold & Silver ¼ Oz Silver Thread 0 . 3 . 0 Brazierware - 1 Chaffin Dish being broke 0 . 6 . 1 Iron Potts - 2 being broke 0 . 17 . 0 Oars 1 being broke 0 . 3 . 4 Shirks 2 Dungree 0 . 3 . 8 2 fine 0 . 4 . 2 0 . 7 . 10 £76 . 13 . 6¾ The following are what we think reasonable he should be charged with Vizt. Hooks & Lines Vizt. 3286 Hooks 73 Lines 2 . 3 . 6 Haberdasheryware Vizt. 1 P.c Tape 0 . 0 . 7½ 10 yards Gartering 0 . 1 . 4½ 0 . 6 . 0 Nails 24¾ 1 . 2 . 4½ Oil 4 Bottles Florence 0 . 10 . 0 Carried over£7 . 1 . 11	Brought over, £73 18s 2d Rice and paddy, viz. 6 hundredweight 1 quarter paddy, £0 6s 9d 14 lb calavances, £0 0s 3¾d £0 7s ¾d Bunting, 3½ yards, £0 4s 0d Combs, 1 buckling, £0 0s 9½d Corks, 16½ dozen, £0 2s 0d Cutleryware, 2 butchers' knives, £0 0s 10d Canvas, 4 yards sacking, £0 2s 9d Gold and silver, ¾ oz silver thread, £0 3s 0d Braziersware, 1 chaffing dish, being broke, £0 6s 1d Iron pots, 2, being broke, £0 17s 8d Oars, 1, being broke, £0 3s 4d Shirts, viz. 2 dungaree, £0 3s 8d 2 fine, £0 4s 2d £0 7s 10d £76 13s 6½d The following are what we think reasonable he should be charged with, viz. Hooks and lines, viz. 3,286 hooks, £2 3s 6d 73 lines Haberdashery, viz. 1 piece tape, £0 4s 7½d 10 yards gartering, £0 1s 4½d £0 6s 4d Nails, 24¾ lb, £1 2s 4½d Oil, 4 bottles Florence, £0 10s 0d Carried over, £7 1s 11d
254		251	Brought over£7 . 1 . 11 Paint Vizt. 23 Umber 0 . 7 . 8 18 Yellow Oaker 0 . 3 . 7 1.2.5 Whiteing 0 . 3 . 3½ 38 Smalts 3 . 3 . 4 12 Indico 0 . 19 . 11 4 . 17 . 9¾ Pitch & Tarr 1 Barrell Pitch 1 . 4 . 2 9 D.o Tarr 10 . 8 . 5 11 . 12 . 7 Starch 11.t 0 . 4 . 1½ Shoes Vizt. 2 p.r Womens 0 . 5 . 6 1 p.r Girls 0 . 1 . 10½ 1 Womans Last 0 . 0 . 8 0 . 8 . ½ Thread 5 Oz Nuns 0 . 6 . 3 Vinegar 63 Gallons 6 . 0 . 9 Salt 2¾ Bushells 0 . 16 . ½ Soap 105.t 3 . 6 . 10¼ Turnersware 5 Flaskets 0 . 12 . 8¼ Chelloes 8 p.c 3 . 11 . 6 Carried over£38 . 18 . 6¾	Brought over, £7 1s 11d Paint, viz. 23 lb umber, £0 7s 8d 15 lb yellow ochre, £0 3s 7d 1 hundredweight 2 quarters 5 lb whiting, £0 3s 3½d 38 lb smalts, £3 3s 4d 12 lb indigo, £0 19s 11d £4 17s 9½d Pitch and tar, 1 barrel pitch, £1 4s 2d 9 Do tar, £10 8s 5d £11 12s 7d Starch, 11 lb, £0 1s 1½d Shoes, viz. 2 pairs women's, £0 5s 6d 1 pair girls', £0 1s 10½d 1 women's last, £0 0s 8d £0 8s 0½d Thread, 5 oz nuns, £0 6s 3d Vinegar, 63 gallons, £6 0s 9d Salt, 2½ bushels, £0 16s ½d Soap, 105 lb, £3 6s 10¼d Turnersware, 5 flaskets, £0 12s 8¼d Chelloes, 8 lb, £3 11s 6d Carried over, £38 18s 6¾d
255		252	Brought over£38 . 18 . 6¾ Chinaware Vizt. Cups 0 . 2 . 1½ Pallampores 2 0 . 13 . 8 Tea 66¾ 2 . 15 . 3½ Candles 51½ 2 . 18 . 9¼ Pewter 1 Cullender 0 . 6 . ¾ Glassware Vizt. 42 p.c 6 by 8 0 . 7 . 0 23 p.c 8 by 10 0 . 9 . 2½ 0 . 16 . 2½ Brandy 193½ Gallons 37 . 17 . 10½ Bread & Flower Vizt. 11.3.18 Bread 9 . 13 . 1 3.3.20 Flower 3 . 6 . 2 12 . 19 . 3 Rice & Paddy 0.-.1 Paddy 1 . 6 . 7 Blankets 3 1 . 3 . 11½ Combs 7 Buckling 0 . 1 . 5½ Corks 1 Grose Corks & 1 Cask wood 0 . 2 . 6½ Cutlerware Vizt. 10 Knives 0 . 8 . 2 1 Cleaver 0 . 2 . 8 0 . 6 . 10 Canvas 4 p.c Sacking 0 . 4 . 9 Carried over£104 . 9 . 11¾	Brought over, £38 18s 6¾d Chinaware, cups, £0 2s 1½d Pallampores, 2, £0 13s 8d Tea, 66¼ lb, £2 15s 3¾d Candles, 51½ lb, £2 18s 9½d Pewter, 1 cullender, £0 6s ¾d Glassware, viz. 32 squares, 6 by 8, £0 7s 0d 23 squares, 8 by 10, £0 9s 2½d £0 16s 2½d Brandy, 193½ gallons, £37 17s 10½d Bread and flour, viz. 11 hundredweight 3 quarters 18 lb bread, £9 13s 1d 3 hundredweight 3 quarters 22 lb flour, £3 6s 2d £12 19s 3d Rice and paddy, 3 hundredweight paddy, £1 6s 7d Blankets, 3, £1 3s 11½d Combs, 7 buckling, £0 1s 5½d Corks, 1 gross corks and 1 lb corkwood, £0 2s 6½d Cutleryware, viz. 10 knives, £0 8s 2d 1 cleaver, £0 2s 8d £0 6s 10d Canvas, 5 lb sacking, £0 0s 9d Carried over, £104 9s 11¼d
256		253	Brought over£104 . 9 . 11¾ Gold & Silver Twist 1½ Oz Silver Thread 0 . 9 . 2 Brazierware 1 Copper Boyling Pott 1 . 9 . 9½ 1 Saucepan 0 . 12 . 2 1 Hashpan 0 . 11 . 0 2 . 12 . 11½ Shirks 10 Dungree 0 . 18 . 4 14 Fine 1 . 13 . 4 2 . 11 . 8 £110 . 3 . 8¼ Agreeable to an Advertisement published last Consultation that a Sessions should be held on this day and that if any person or persons had any matter in dispute they should enter their actions ten days before the Commencement of the said Sessions, none having been entred nor no business appearing we adjourned The Governour reports that he hath been informed there is a place called Peakgutt which hath heretofore produced great quantity of Ebony and would still produce the same but the Goats allowed to go in that range Barks the growing Trees and hinders their increase which is of great disservice to the Island in depriving it of such valuable wood upon which we agreed to summons the Persons concerned in the range to attend next Consultation day in order to take some method to relieve it M.r Dixon the Husband reports that on examining the Account of the Hon.ble Companys stock delivered to him by M.r Doveton (whose business it always is to deliver such accounts to the Husband) for the Month of August he found it Erroneous in Severall	Brought over, £104 9s 11¼d Gold and silver twist, 1¼ oz silver thread, £0 9s 2d Braziersware, viz. 1 copper boiling pot, £1 9s 9½d 1 saucepan, £0 12s 2d 1 hash pan, £0 11s 0d £2 12s 11½d Shirts, viz. 10 dungaree, £0 18s 4d 11 fine, £1 13s 4d £2 11s 8d £110 3s 8¾d In accordance with an advertisement published at the previous meeting, that a session should be held on this day and that any person with a matter in dispute should enter it ten days before the session began, and no such action having been entered nor any business appearing, the council adjourned. The Governor reported that he had learned of a place called Peak Gut, which had formerly produced a great quantity of ebony and would still do so, but that the goats allowed to range there ate down the growing trees and hindered their increase, greatly to the island's disadvantage in depriving it of such valuable wood. The council agreed to summon the persons concerned in that range to attend the next consultation, to consider some method of relieving it. Dixon, the husband, reported that on examining the account of the honourable Company's stock delivered to him by Doveton, whose business it always was to deliver such accounts to the husband, for the month of August, he had found it erroneous in several particulars.
257		254	particulars upon which M.r Doveton was ordered to Attend the next Consultation The Gunner and Steward brought in their accounts for the Month of August which were Examined and approved & are as follows Vizt. Gunners Stores expended in August 1744 Vizt. Guns fired, Shot fired, Cart. 9, Cart. 4, Cart. 3, Cart. 2, Cart. ½, Powder Expended 29. An Alarm for a Dutch Ship that went by: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, Cart. 9 0, Cart. 4 2, Cart. 3 2, Cart. 2 0, Cart. ½ 2, Powder Expended 13 10. Fired at Bankes to bring the Ship too: Guns fired 1, Shot fired 1, Cart. 9 0, Cart. 4 0, Cart. 3 0, Cart. 2 0, Cart. ½ 0, Powder Expended 7 D.o Fired to Sallute the Dutch Ship: Guns fired 9, Shot fired 0, Cart. 9 0, Cart. 4 0, Cart. 3 0, Cart. 2 9, Cart. ½ 0, Powder Expended 9 24. Powder delivered to the Stone Blaster Powder to the Guard and out Work 16 . 1 . 2 . 2 . 9 . 2 . 34 . Powder Expended Paper 11 Quire Match 28 Ladles 1 Thread 1 Twine 1 Signed John French Horse Hides 1 Delivered to the Hund D.o D.o 1 Delivered to Le Bay Spunge Staves 4 Delivered to Doe Dunstan D.o D.o 3 for the use of the Great wood Hand Spikes 1 Lead Shott 9 to Shoot Goats	Dixon found the account erroneous in several particulars, and the council ordered Doveton to attend the next consultation. The gunner and steward brought in their accounts for the month of August, which were examined and approved, and are as follows. Gunners' stores expended in August 1744, viz. 20th: an alarm for a Dutch ship that went by, 16 guns fired, 1 shot fired, 2 lb 9, 2 lb 4, 9 lb 2, 2 lb ½, total 34 1st: fired at Banks's to bring the ship too, 1 gun fired, 1 shot fired, 1 lb 9, total 7 Do.: fired to salute the Dutch ship, 9 guns fired, 9 lb 2, total 9 24th: powder delivered to the stone blaster, total 1 Powder to the guard and out fork, total 15 Total: 16 guns fired, 1 shot fired, 2 lb 9, 2 lb 4, 9 lb 2, 2 lb ½, 34 lb powder expended Signed, John French. Paper, 1½ quire Match, 28 lb Ladles, 1 Thread, 1 lb Twine, 1 lb Horse hides, 1 delivered to the shed Do. Do., 1 delivered to the boat Sponge staves, 3 delivered to the sentinel Do. Do., 3 for the use of the guard Hand spikes, 1 Lead shot, 9 to shoot goats
258		255	Sundry Articles expended at the Table in August 1744 30 Bottles port wine @ 3/6½ p.r Gall. 2 . 0 . 11¼ 28 D.o Lisbon D.o 3/3½ D.o 1 . 18 . 2½ 9 D.o white Cape 3/6 D.o 0 . 12 . 4½ 1 D.o red D.o 3/6 D.o 0 . 1 . 4½ 12 D.o Madera 6/- D.o 0 . 1 . 8 183 D.o Beer 9¼ D.o 0 . 18 . 0 5 D.o Florenced oil 2/6 p.r Bottle 1 . 4 . 6 36 Gallons Arrack 4/- p.r Gallon 7 . 0 . 0 55 Sugar 4/2¾ p.r p.d 0 . 10 . 10 47 Candy 3/4¾ D.o 0 . 13 . 1¾ 525 Flower 2 . 9 . 10¾ 1¾ Bushells Salt @ 8/10 p.r Bush. 0 . 7 . 3½ 6 p.d Salt Beef 2/4¾ p.d 0 . 17 . 7½ 20 p.d D.o Pork 1 . 17 . 6½ 3 Goats @ 10/- Ea. 1 . 10 . 0 9 Sheep 20/- Ea. 2 . 0 . 0 2 Turkeys 1/6 Ea. 0 . 3 . 0 4 Chickens 1/6 Ea. 0 . 6 . 0 1 Pigg 0 . 5 . 0 1 Lamb 0 . 10 . 0 1 Hogg id. bb. 6-2/6 p.r lb 1 . 13 . 0 200 Lemons 34 Butter 1/- p.r lb 1 . 14 . 0 12 wax Candles 78 Cheese 1/- p.r lb 0 . 18 . 0 £30 . 13 . 2 M.r Doveton this day delivered in the following Account Vizt.	The table for August 1744 recorded the following goods used at the general table, viz. 30 bottles port wine, at 5s 6½d per gallon, £2 0s 11½d 28 Do Lisbon Do, at 5s 6½d Do, £1 18s 2½d 9 Do white Cape, at 5s 6d Do, £0 12s 4½d 1 Do red Do, at 5s 6d Do, £0 1s 4½d 12 Do Madeira, at 6s Do, £0 1s 4d 183 Do beer, at 9d Do, £0 18s 0d 5 Do Florence oil, at 2s 6d per bottle, £1 14s 6d 36 gallons arrack, at 4s per gallon, £7 0s 0d 54 lb sugar, at 2¾d per lb, £0 10s 10d 42 lb candy, at 3¾d per lb, £0 13s 1½d 5¾ lb flour, £2 9s 10½d 1½ bushels salt, at 5s 10d per bushel, £0 7s 3½d 6¼ lb salt beef, at 2¼d per lb, £0 17s 7½d 20¼ lb salt pork, £1 17s 6½d 3 goats, at 10s each, £1 10s 0d 2 sheep, at 20s each, £2 0s 0d 2 turkeys, at 1s 6d each, £0 3s 0d 4 chickens, at 1s 6d each, £0 6s 0d 1 pig, £0 5s 0d 1 lamb, £0 10s 0d 1 hog, weighing 66 lb, at 3d per lb, £1 13s 0d 200 lemons 34 lb butter, at 1s per lb, £1 14s 0d 12 lb wax candles 78 lb cheese, at 1s per lb, £0 18s 0d £30 13s 2d Doveton submitted the following account that day, viz.
259		256	Account of the Hon.ble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c.a for the Month of August 1744 Vizt. Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ews, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ews, Weathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Pigs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total Remaining 1.st Aug.t: Bullocks 19, Cows 103, Heifers 24, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 89, Bulls 6, Total 319, Ews 95, Weathers 15, Lambs 41, Rams 3, Total 154, Ews 43, Weathers 40, Kids 128, Rams 2, Total 313, Sows 35, Barrows 18, Shoats 18, Pigs 60, Boars 3, Total 134, Turkeys 40, Fowls 95, Ducks 15, Geese 5, Horses 6, Mares 8, Total 14 Encreased in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 12, Bulls 0, Total 12, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 16, Rams 0, Total 16, Ews 0, Weathers 23, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 23, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 33, Boars 0, Total 33, Turkeys 22, Fowls 39, Ducks 12, Geese 9, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Bullocks 19, Cows 103, Heifers 24, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 101, Bulls 6, Total 331, Ews 95, Weathers 15, Lambs 57, Rams 3, Total 170, Ews 43, Weathers 40, Kids 151, Rams 2, Total 336, Sows 35, Barrows 18, Shoats 18, Pigs 93, Boars 3, Total 167, Turkeys 62, Fowls 134, Ducks 27, Geese 14, Horses 6, Mares 8, Total 14 Killed in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 1, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 1, Ews 0, Weathers 2, Lambs 1, Rams 0, Total 3, Ews 1, Weathers 5, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 6, Sows 1, Barrows 2, Shoats 0, Pigs 2, Boars 0, Total 5, Turkeys 0, Fowls 8, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Died in D.o: Bullocks 19, Cows 103, Heifers 23, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 101, Bulls 6, Total 330, Ews 95, Weathers 13, Lambs 56, Rams 3, Total 167, Ews 42, Weathers 35, Kids 151, Rams 2, Total 330, Sows 34, Barrows 16, Shoats 18, Pigs 91, Boars 3, Total 162, Turkeys 62, Fowls 126, Ducks 27, Geese 14, Horses 6, Mares 8, Total 14 Stole in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 1, Bulls 0, Total 1, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 1, Rams 0, Total 1, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 2, Pigs 3, Boars 0, Total 5, Turkeys 1, Fowls 0, Ducks 0, Geese 1, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Aug.t 31 D.o: Bullocks 19, Cows 103, Heifers 23, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 101, Bulls 5, Total 329, Ews 93, Weathers 13, Lambs 55, Rams 3, Total 164, Ews 42, Weathers 35, Kids 151, Rams 2, Total 330, Sows 34, Barrows 16, Shoats 16, Pigs 85, Boars 3, Total 154, Turkeys 60, Fowls 126, Ducks 27, Geese 13, Horses 6, Mares 8, Total 14 280 Beef Expended 126 Pork D.o Yams expended at the Several Plantations 27000 3 Goats given to the Sick Slaves 53 Meassley Pork given to D.o 1 Girl Born the 5.th named Patt	Account of the honourable Company's stock of neat cattle, etc, for the month of August 1744, viz. Neat cattle Remaining 1 August: 19 bullocks, 103 cows, 24 heifers, 28 steers, 30 yearlings, 89 calves, 6 bulls, total 319 Increased in Do.: 12 calves, total 12 Killed in Do.: 0 Died in Do.: 1 calf, total 1 Remaining 31 Do.: 19 bullocks, 103 cows, 23 heifers, 28 steers, 30 yearlings, 101 calves, 5 bulls, total 329 Sheep Remaining 1 August: 95 ewes, 15 wethers, 41 lambs, 3 rams, total 154 Increased in Do.: 16 lambs, total 16 Killed in Do.: 1 wether, 2 lambs, total 3 Died in Do.: 1 ewe, 1 wether, 1 lamb, total 2 Remaining 31 Do.: 93 ewes, 13 wethers, 55 lambs, 3 rams, total 164 Goats Remaining 1 August: 143 ewes, 40 wethers, 128 kids, 2 rams, total 313 Increased in Do.: 23 kids, total 23 Killed in Do.: 1 ewe, 5 kids, total 6 Died in Do.: 0 Remaining 31 Do.: 142 ewes, 35 wethers, 151 kids, 2 rams, total 330 Hogs Remaining 1 August: 35 sows, 18 barrows, 18 shoats, 60 pigs, 3 boars, total 134 Increased in Do.: 33 pigs, total 33 Killed in Do.: 1 sow, 2 barrows, 2 shoats, total 5 Died in Do.: 2 shoats, 3 pigs, total 5 Remaining 31 Do.: 34 sows, 16 barrows, 16 shoats, 85 pigs, 3 boars, total 154 Poultry and horses Remaining 1 August: 40 turkeys, 95 fowls, 15 ducks, 5 geese, 6 horses, 8 mares, total 14 Increased in Do.: 22 turkeys, 39 fowls, 12 ducks, 9 geese, total 0 Killed in Do.: 8 fowls, total 0 Died in Do.: 1 turkey, total 0 Remaining 31 Do.: 60 turkeys, 126 fowls, 27 ducks, 13 geese, 6 horses, 8 mares, total 14 280 lb beef expended. 126 lb pork expended. Yams expended at the several plantations, 27,000. 3 goats given to the sick slaves. 53 lb measly pork given to Do. 1 girl born, the fifth, named Patt. Interpretations The herd's growth in August rested entirely on breeding rather than trade: neat cattle rose from 319 to 329 on calves alone, with not one beast killed or sold, extending the same pattern seen through July once the June convoy had cleared the road. Goats and hogs, the classes fed most cheaply off scraps and browse, again carried the increase, goats reaching 330 and hogs 154 on kidding and farrowing that continued unchecked by any demand from shipping.
260		257	This day Counted the Hon.ble Companys Cash and found it in the following manner Vizt. Cash D.r P.C. C.r Aug.t 31. To Ballance of Cash£2966 . 19 . 4 By Cash paid John Aldrich for repairing Boats 1 . 4 . By D.o paid M.rs Bazett for a Boat 7 . 0 . 0 By D.o paid Robert Curry for baking & sifting the Damaged Flour 2 . 1 . 3 By Ballance in the following Species Vizt. 8572½ Dollars 2143 . 2 . 6 465 Pagodas 209 . 5 . 0 7 Venetians 3 . 10 . 0 441 French peices @2.4d. 3 . 13 . 6 1 Large p.o Gold w.t 15.4 46 . 1 . 8½ 4 D.o D.o 3.9.12 13 . 11 . ½ 176 Doub. ryals 11 . 0 . 0 Cash notes 526 . 0 . 0 Odd money 0 . 10 . 4 2966 . 14 . 1 £2966 . 19 . 4 John Goodwin Purling David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Chris. Dixon	The council counted the honourable Company's cash this day and found it stood as follows. Cash Debtor 31 August: to balance of cash, £2,966 19s 4d Creditor By cash paid John Aldrich for repairing boats, £1 4s 0d By Do. paid William Bazett for a boat, £7 0s 0d By Do. paid Robert Curry for baking and sifting the damaged flour, £2 1s 3d By balance in the following species, viz. 8,572½ dollars, £2,143 2s 6d 465 pagodas, £209 5s 0d 7 Venetians, £3 10s 0d 441 French pieces at 2s, £3 13s 6d 1 large piece gold, weighing 11 oz 15 dwt 14 gr, £46 1s 8½d 1 Do Do, weighing 3 oz 9 dwt 12 gr, £13 11s ½d 176 double royals, £11 0s 0d Cash notes, £526 0s 0d Odd money, £0 10s 4d £2,966 14s 1d £2,966 19s 4d Signed: John Goodwin, Matthew Purling, David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon.
261		258	At a Consultation held at the Castle on Tuesday the 18.th Sept.r 1744 Present Colonel David Dunbar Gov.r Cap.t Charles Hutchinson Lieu.t Gov.r Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling The last Consultation was read and Approved Agreeable to an Order last Consultation, the Persons concerned in the Goat Range called Peak Gutt, where the Young Ebony grows, Attended. Upon finding some of them not willing to kill up their Goats, on Account of the Loss they would thereby Sustain, We desired them to Consult and Sett a Reasonable Value on the said Range, or to kill up their Goats for Three or Four Years only, in which time We should See whether they were of Prejudice or not to the Growth of the said Wood Being informed that there were Goats in Severall Ranges of this Island, Infected with the Mange or Scab, especially that called Peak Gutt, We Agreed to Appoint M.r Dixon, and M.r John Goodwin together with M.r Wrangham Sen.r or M.r Richard Goodwin to Inspect into the Same, and to kill all they found distempered that thereby the infection might be prevented from spreading This day the following Letter was read from M.r Wrangham Sen.r Vizt. Sir There being two Female Black Children living at my Expence now, & hath Ever Since they were born, which being disputed Whether they are my Right or no, Notwithstanding They	At a consultation held at the castle on Tuesday 18 September 1744, Governor David Dunbar presided, with Deputy Governor Charles Hutchinson and the councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling present. The council read and approved the minutes of the previous meeting. In accordance with an order made at the previous consultation, the council summoned the persons concerned in the goat range called Peak Gut, where the young ebony grew. Finding some of them unwilling to kill off their goats for fear of the loss it would cause them, the council asked them to agree either on a reasonable payment for the range or to keep their goats off it for three or four years, in which time the council would see whether the goats truly harmed the wood's growth or not. The council also learned that goats in several ranges across the island, particularly Peak Gut, were infected with the mange or scab. It agreed to appoint Dixon and John Goodwin, together with either Wrangham senior or Richard Goodwin, to inspect these goats and kill any found diseased, so that the infection might be prevented from spreading. The council read the following letter from Wrangham senior, viz. There being two female black children living at his expense, whom he had kept ever since they were born, it being disputed whether they were rightfully his or not, notwithstanding they...
262		259	were Actually born of my own Slave Wench, who I had in Exchange for a Young Fellow (who was to be Sure of more Service to the Company than She) but upon the Demand of Gov.r Pyekins, they demanded the Wench, & returned the Fellow. But the Girls were born whilst the Wench was mine; & they have been cloathed & Victualled by me ever Since. Therefore desire your Worships will Satisfye me with regard to these Children Whether they are my Slaves or not & if you Should think they are not my Right, I Should be Glad to purchase them at an easy Rate I am with respect Sirs Your M.r Humble Servant Signed Francis Wrangham Sen.r To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esq.r Gov.r &c. In consideration that M.r Wrangham hath always Cloathed & Victualled the two Black Girls We Agreed to Let him have them at the Price they Stand on the Hon.ble Companys Books Vizt. Seven Pistoles M.r Richard Curling this day presented the following Petition Vizt. To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esq.r Gov.r &c. Council of St Helena Sheweth The Humble Petition of Richard Curling That Your Pet.r Purchased a House & the Land thereto belonging at the Late Gov.r Goodwins Auction & hath paid for the same but never had a Bill of Sale thereof Your Pet.r therefore humbly begs he may have the Bill of Sale for the said House & Land now given him. And Your Pet.r Shall ever pray 18.th Sept.r 1744. Signed Richard Curling	Wrangham's letter continued that the two girls were actually born of his own slave woman, whom he had taken in exchange for a young fellow who was to be of more service to the Company than she was, but that upon the Governor's arrival the Governor had demanded the woman back and returned the fellow, though the fellow's exchange had taken place while the woman was still a maid, and Wrangham had clothed and fed the two children ever since. He therefore asked the council to settle whether the children were his slaves or not, and said that if the council thought otherwise, he would be glad to purchase them at an early date. He signed himself the council's humble servant, Francis Wrangham senior, and addressed the letter to Governor David Dunbar and the council. In consideration that Wrangham had always clothed and fed the two black girls, the council agreed to let him have them at the price they stood at on the honourable Company's books, seven [...]. Richard Girling presented the following petition to Governor David Dunbar and the council of St Helena that day. The humble petition of Richard Girling, steward, showed that he had purchased a house and land belonging to the late Governor Goodwin's widow and had paid for the same, but had never had a bill of sale for it. He therefore humbly prayed that the council would grant him the bill of sale for the house and land now shown to him, and promised ever to pray. Signed, Richard Girling, 18 September 1744.
263		260	On Examination finding the Above Ptickets were true We Ordered him a Bill of Sale accordingly M.r Samuel Doveton this day Attended Agreeable to an Order Last Consultation, & being asked how he came to give in such a false Account of the Hon.ble Companys Stock as he did the 30.th March last. On the 11.th March he brought in an Acc.t of 19 Sows, & on the 30.th 38. When in fact there were no more than Nineteen, & in Order to make the Number 38, He returned in his Acc.t Six pigs for Sows, & called the Boar pigs Barrows at about 5 Months Old. There were Sev.th other Articles of the same Nature as will Appear more particularly in the Account delivered by the Husband for this Month To which he Answered That it had been Always Customary to call them so at Such an Age David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	The council examined the account and, finding the above facts true, ordered a bill of sale made out to Girling accordingly. Samuel Doveton attended that day in accordance with the previous consultation's order, to answer why he had given so false an account of the honourable Company's stock as he had on 30 March last. He had reported nineteen sows on 11 March and thirty-eight on 30 March, when in fact there were no more than nineteen throughout, and he had made up the difference by entering nineteen pigs as sows in his account and calling boar pigs barrows at about five months old. Several other articles of the same kind appeared, which would be set out more particularly in the account delivered by the husband for that month. Doveton answered that it had always been customary to describe them so at such an age. Signed: David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Matthew Purling.
264		261	At a Consultation held on Saturday the 22.d Sept.r at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Gov.r Cap.t Charles Hutchinson Lieu.t Gov.r Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling The Last Consultation was read & Approved This day Arrived the Companys Ship Portsbella from England, Cap.t Fisher Commander, with an Account of a War with France We rec.d by the said Ship a Supply of 42 Stand of Arms for the Garrison (Ours having been lost in the passage) Which was a very Agreable Augmentation. We Ordered the Cap.t to Send them ashore with all Expedition David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	At a consultation held at the castle on Saturday 22 September 1744, Governor David Dunbar presided, with Deputy Governor Charles Hutchinson and the councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling present. The council read and approved the minutes of the previous meeting. The Company's ship Portobello arrived that day from England, Captain Fisher commander, bringing news of a war with France. She also brought a supply of forty stand of arms for the garrison, arms having previously been lost at sea, which the council judged a very welcome addition, and ordered Captain Fisher to land them ashore with all speed. Signed: David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Matthew Purling.
265		262	At a Consultation held on Saturday the 22.d Sept.r at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Gov.r Cap.t Charles Hutchinson Lieu.t Gov.r Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling The Last Consultation was read & Approved This day Arrived the Companys Ship Portsbello from England, Cap.t Fisher Commander, with an Account of a War with France We rec.d by the said Ship a Supply of 42 Men for the Garrison (two having been lost in the passage) Which was a very Agreable Augmentation. We Ordered the Cap.t to Send them ashore with all Expedition David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	At a consultation held at the castle on Saturday 22 September 1744, Governor David Dunbar presided, with Deputy Governor Charles Hutchinson and the councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling present. The council read and approved the minutes of the previous meeting. The Company's ship Portobello arrived that day from England, Captain Fisher commander, bringing news of a war with France. She also brought a supply of forty-seven men for the garrison, two having been lost on the passage, which the council judged a very welcome addition, and ordered Captain Fisher to send them ashore with all speed. Signed: David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Matthew Purling.
266		263	before him had £78. We were unanimous of Opinion not to Encrease the present Wages, Indeed I was determined against it having Observed some behaviour in him which I did not like Particularly his not only Suffering but Justifying the Vast & Monstrous Abuse of the Pasture in the Great Wood by Great Numbers of Cattle & Hogs belonging to himself & other Planters, which have been Driven & since kept out which soon made a Visible Alteration in the Pastures there. Besides this I have taken Notice of M.rs Doveton's Indolence, & Carelessness & his Neglect of one, which I will not Suffer. But worst of all his imposing false Returns of the Companys Stock upon us Just upon M.r Powell's Going out, for on the 11.th day of March, there remained of the Stock 19 Sows, & on the 30.th he Returned 38 Sows, & this false Return we have Sent Home from which there must very Reasonably be Expected a Vast Encrease, whereas in fact & Truth All the said Addition were then only Piggs, & not as yet Proper to be reckoned Sows. I have heard of Some particular Abuses, but it Seems no Negro's Evidence is Allowed here ag.t a white Man, by which Custom any white Man may do what he pleases, & no possibility to convict him, therefore there is no Occasion here to Make any Mention of any Particular. You all know that I have from the beginning complained, that Neither the Companys Sheep, nor any other Species of Provisions, were in so good Condition as the Planters. We have had many proofs of it in presents sent me of Mutton & other things, these things confirm me in a Beleif that Some people think it would be a prejudice to the Planters if the Companys Stock was Large or in good Condition, I hope to undeceive them; The Husband who hath taken more than Common pains about the Stock & Pastures, hath lately complained to us of false Returns made by M.r Doveton for the Month of August of the Stock	Before him had 578. The council was unanimous in its opinion not to increase the present wages. The Governor said he had determined against it, having observed some behaviour in Doveton which did not seem particularly early, his not only suffering but justifying the vast and monstrous abuse of the pasture in the Great Wood by great numbers of cattle and hogs belonging to himself and other planters, which had since been driven off and kept out, soon making a visible difference in the pastures there. He had also taken notice of Doveton's indolence and carelessness and his neglect of orders, which he would not suffer, but worst of all was Doveton's imposing false returns of the Company's stock upon the council, just upon Powell's going out, for on 11 March there remained of the stock nineteen sows, and on the thirtieth he returned thirty-eight sows, and from this false return the council might very reasonably have expected a vast increase, whereas in fact and in truth all the said addition were then only pigs and not yet proper to be reckoned sows. The Governor said he had heard of some particular abuses, but that no black person's evidence was allowed here against a white man, by which custom any white man might do as he pleased with no possibility of convicting him, and therefore there was no occasion to make mention of any particular case here. The council knew he had from the beginning complained that neither the Company's sheep nor any other kind of provisions were in as good condition as the planters', and they had had many proofs of this in presents sent him of mutton and other things, which confirmed him in his belief that some people thought it would be to the planters' prejudice if the Company's stock were thought large or in good condition, and he hoped to undeceive them. The husband, who had taken more than common pains about the stock and pastures, had lately complained to the council of false returns made by Doveton for the month of August of the stock...
267		264	and after hearing the Excuses he made for it I told him at the Councill Table there was no Occasion for his Service, that He was a very Indolent Careless Overseer, & it should be against my consent if he Continued longer in the Service than for the Small term of this Quarter Ending 30.th Sept.r I now say & I do not doubt your Concurrence in discharging him You may remember to have heard me Mention to you & to him a Convenient Yamm Plantation, which M.r Doveton hath had the Management to get from the Company & which was never represented Home. This is not all that have been Torn from their Estate by Shamefull pretences of which I hope to make a Collection that we may send it Home by our next General Letter There is one other Affair which I cannot avoid Mentioning, without conniving at Injustice & Imposition, I have Frequently Spoke of it to Each of you already, it is in Relation to Ed.d Clark, who hath received £30 a Year for More than four Years in pretence of Overseeing & Instructing the Gunners & Mattrosses; you condidor of his behaving to Satisfaction I have made all the Enquiry I could & cannot find that M.r Clarke hath but Once attempted to Instruct any Gunner or Mattross, or the Exercise Common in Loading & firing Guns from a Position for this reason I must declare my entire dissatisfaction of his Behaviour in taking to himself so much of the Companys Money for Nothing & do think in my conscience he ought to refund it Allow me to mention one thing more relating to M.r Clarke (this I am really Ashamed to do it) You know, Gentlemen That upon my Arrivall, All the Military Officers, have had an	The Governor said that after hearing the excuses made for it, he told those at the council table there was no occasion for Doveton's continued service, that he was a very indolent and careless overseer, and it should be against his consent if Doveton continued longer in the service than for the small term of the current quarter ending 30 September, and he did not doubt the council's concurrence in discharging him. The Governor said the council might remember his having mentioned to them a convenient yam plantation which Doveton had had the management of, obtaining it from the Company under circumstances never properly represented, and that this was not all that had been taken from the Company's estate by shameful pretences, of which he hoped to make a collection so that the council might send an account of it home by the next general letter. The Governor said there was one other matter which he could not avoid mentioning, without incurring the injury of misrepresentation, having already spoken warmly of it to each of them, relating to Lieutenant Clarke, who had received £30 a year for more than four years under pretence of overseeing and instructing the gunners and matrosses in the conduct of their behaviour to satisfaction. The Governor said he had made all possible enquiry and could not find that Clarke had ever once attempted to instruct any gunner or matross, or the exercise common in loading and firing guns from a profession for this reason, so he must declare his entire dissatisfaction with Clarke's conduct in taking to himself so much of the Company's money for nothing, and thought in his conscience Clarke ought to refund it. The Governor said he would mention one thing more relating to Clarke, which he was really ashamed to do, that since his own arrival all the military officers had had...
268		265	Additionall Allowance of £6 p.r Ann. bestowed upon them by the Hon.ble Company, M.r Clarke then assured me that it was his in positive Agreement with the Court of Directors, to have the Table here, & upon it, he hath been admitted, but to my Surprize, I have Lately on Looking Over the General Letter book from home, seen in that of the 14.th of Oct.r 1737, a paragraph, where M.r Clark was by Agreement to have Six pounds p.r Month (including Table Money) and leave to bring his wife & Child, & this He had till the Chose to be Lieu.t; in which he has only Acted, & hath no other Right than Gentlemen of the Same Rank have, but now he hath £40 a Year as Lieu.t, £30 as an Instructor to Gunners & Mattrosses, & his Diet at the Table by imposing a Hardship on the Whole, which makes a Distinction which I would avoid, between him & his Brethren Upon the Whole, Gentlemen, I desire your Opinions in Relation to what I have mentioned; it is mine to Stop the payment of the 30.th p.r Ann. & to represent it home, & to put him on the Same Footing with the rest of the Officers, as to pay, & Diet Money, & to acquaint him with my Resentment of having in an Unhandsome Manner imposed upon the Agreed to Discharge M.r Doveton, & to pay the Money for Making Hay and Hedging. And on Good Security given for Agreed to Continue the 30.th to M.r Clarke. Untill the Hon.ble Companys pleasure be known upon it There being no Stockings in the Stores for the New Recruits We Agreed to Let them have Course Cloth Sufficient to make Each two Pair David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Purling Chris. Dixon John Goodwin	Governor Dunbar continued that all the military officers had had an additional allowance of diet money bestowed upon them by the honourable Company, and that Clarke had assured him it was by a positive agreement with the Court of Directors to have his table there, and upon it he had been admitted. The Governor said he had lately, on looking over the general letter book from home, found in that of 14 October 1737 a paragraph where Clarke was, by agreement, to have six pounds a month including diet money and leave to bring his wife and child, and that he had held this until he chose to be lieutenant, in which office he had only doubled his pay and had no other right than gentlemen of the same rank had, but now he had £40 a year as lieutenant and £30 as instructor to gunners and matrosses, besides his diet at the table, which imposed a hardship on the rest and made a distinction he would wish to avoid between Clarke and his fellow officers. The Governor said that upon the whole he desired the council's opinions in relation to what he had mentioned, and that it was his own view to stop the payment of the £30 a year, to represent it home, and to put Clarke on the same footing as the rest of the officers, as to pay and diet money, and to acquaint him with his displeasure at having it imposed upon the council in so unhandsome a manner. The council agreed to discharge Doveton, and to pay him the money owed for making hay and hedging. The council agreed, on good security given, to continue the £30 to Clarke until the honourable Company's pleasure be known upon it. There being no stockings in the stores for the new recruits, the council agreed to let them have coarse cloth sufficient to make each two pairs. Signed: David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling.
269		266	Here is the full page again, corrected so that every ditto or blank standing for nought is rendered as a proper 0 rather than a quotation mark. At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 2.nd day of October 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Gov.r Cap.t Charles Hutchinson L.t Gov.r Christopher Dixon John Goodwin of Council Matthew Purling The last Consultation was read & Approved The Inhabitants being Assembled in Order to pay for their rents & Fevences due to the Hon.ble Company for the year past which we received, Are as follows Vizt. Names, Grant Land, Free Land, Lease Land, Total, £ s d Edwin Alcock 1 . 1¼ . 0 . 1¼ . 1 . 0 . 0 James Powell 0 . 81½ . 6 . 87½ . 4 . 16 . 6 John French 0 . 30 . 57 . 87 . 8 . 12 . 6 John Twaits 0 . 9 . 25 . 34 . 3 . 11 . 6 Geo. Gab. Powell 0 . 23 . 14 . 37 . 7 . 2 . ½ Thomas Greentree - 32½ D.o for Acre 0 . 25 . 59 . 84½ . 7 . 16 . 9 James Byder's Orphans 0 . 29½ . 51½ . 81 . 7 . 18 . 3 Samuel Alexander 19 . 0 . 19 . 0 . 19 . 0 Mary Alexander 0 . 47 . 27 . 74 . 5 . 14 . 6 John Alexander 0 . 12½ . 0 . 12½ . 0 . 19 . 3 Edward Bagley 0 . 2 . 0 . 2 . 0 . 5 . 0 John Bagley 0 . 36 . 0 . 36 . 4 . 10 . 0 Carried Over - £52 . 16 . 3½	At a consultation held at the castle on Tuesday 2 October 1744, Governor David Dunbar presided, with Deputy Governor Charles Hutchinson and the councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling present. The council read and approved the minutes of the previous meeting. The inhabitants were assembled in order to pay their rents and dues owed to the honourable Company for the year past, which the council received, as follows. Edwin Alcock, ground rent 1 acre, free land ¼, total 1¼, £1 0s 0d James Powell, free land 8½, lease land 6, total 8½, £4 16s 6d John French, free land 30, lease land 57, total 87, £8 12s 6d John Twaits, free land 9, lease land 25, total 34, £3 11s 6d George Gabriel Powell, free land 23, lease land 14, total 37, £7 2s ½d Thomas Greentree, 32½ acres deducted at 2½ per cent per acre, free land 25½, lease land 59, total 84½, £7 16s 9d James Ryder's orphans, free land 29¾, lease land 51½, total 81, £7 18s 3d Samuel Alexander, ground rent 19, total 19, £0 19s 0d Mary Alexander, free land 47, lease land 27, total 74, £5 14s 6d John Alexander, ground rent 12¼, total 12¼, £0 12s 3d Edward Bagley, lease land 2, total 2, £0 5s 0d John Bagley, lease land 36, total 36, £4 10s 0d Carried over, £52 18s 3½d
270		267	Names, Ground Rent, Free Land, Lease Land, Total, £, s, d Brought Over£52 . 18 . 3½ John Alexander's Orphans: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 15½, Lease Land 35¾, Total 51¼, £ 5, s 1, d 10½ Richard Beale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 41, Lease Land 13, Total 54, £ 3, s 13, d 6 Richard Goodwin: Ground Rent 20, Free Land 120, Lease Land 42½, Total 162½, £ 12, s 6, d 3 John Aldrich: Ground Rent 5, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, Total 0, £ 0, s 5, d 0 Richard Bagley: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 35, Lease Land 80, Total 115, £ 11, s 15, d 0 Grace Bates: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 13, Total 13, £ 1, s 12, d 6 Thomas Hayes: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 30, Lease Land 0, Total 30, £ 1, s 10, d 0 Orlando Bagley: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 25, Total 25, £ 3, s 2, d 6 Thomas Clew: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 11, Total 11, £ 1, s 7, d 6 Thomas Colgrave: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 36¾, Total 36¾, £ 4, s 11, d 10½ Baron Delsap: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 5, Lease Land 0, Total 5, £ 0, s 5, d 0 William Barnham: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 20, Lease Land 11, Total 31, £ 2, s 7, d 6 John Desfountain: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 93¾, Lease Land 39¾, Total 133, £ 9, s 12, d 7½ Joseph Desfountain: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 30, Lease Land 10¾, Total 40¾, £ 2, s 16, d 10½ Mary Seale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 20, Lease Land 7, Total 27, £ 1, s 17, d 6 John Draper: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 5, Lease Land 0, Total 5, £ 0, s 5, d 0 Joshua Worrall: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 7, Lease Land 45½, Total 52½, £ 6, s 0, d 9 Penelope Isaac: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 24, Lease Land 5, Total 29, £ 1, s 16, d 6 Samuel Doveton: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 116¼, Lease Land 37, Total 153¼, £ 10, s 0, d 9 Jonathan Doveton: Ground Rent 12, Free Land 107¾, Lease Land 17, Total 204¾, £ 12, s 2, d 3 Francis Hayes: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 10, Lease Land 16, Total 26, £ 2, s 10, d 0 Francis Grange - 3¾ D. 1/6 p.r Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 36¼, Total 36¼, £ 4, s 7, d 4½ Margaret Goodwin: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 10, Lease Land 20, Total 30, £ 3, s 0, d 0 John Goodwin: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 100, Lease Land 46, Total 146, £ 10, s 15, d 0 John Bazetts Orphans: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 109½, Lease Land 42, Total 151½, £ 10, s 14, d 6 Thomas Easthope: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 14, Lease Land 41½, Total 55½, £ 5, s 17, d 9 Joshua Johnson: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 74, Lease Land 38¼, Total 112¼, £ 8, s 9, d 7½ Carried over£191 . 14 . 3½	Brought over, £52 18s 3½d John Alexander's orphans, free land 15½, lease land 35¾, total 51¼, £5 4s 10½d Richard Beale, free land 41, lease land 13, total 54, £3 13s 6d Richard Goodwin, ground rent 20, free land 120, lease land 42½, total 162½, £12 6s 3d John Aldrich, ground rent 5, total 5, £0 5s 0d Richard Bagley, free land 35, lease land 80, total 115, £11 15s 0d Grace Bates, lease land 13, total 13, £1 12s 6d Thomas Hayes, free land 30, total 30, £1 10s 0d Orlando Bagley, lease land 25, total 25, £3 2s 6d Thomas Clew, lease land 11, total 11, £1 7s 6d Thomas Colgrove, lease land 36¾, total 36¾, £4 11s 10½d Baron Delsap, free land 5, total 5, £0 5s 0d William Barnham, free land 20, lease land 11, total 31, £2 7s 6d John Desfountain, free land 93¾, lease land 39¾, total 133, £9 12s 7½d Joseph Desfountain, free land 30, lease land 10¾, total 40¾, £2 16s 10½d Mary Seale, free land 20, lease land 7, total 27, £1 17s 6d John Draper, free land 5, total 5, £0 5s 0d Joshua Worrall, free land 7, lease land 45½, total 52½, £6 0s 9d Penelope Joell, free land 24, lease land 5, total 29, £1 16s 6d Samuel Doveton, free land 116¼, lease land 37, total 153¼, £10 0s 9d Jonathan Doveton, ground rent 12, free land 107¾, lease land 17, total 204¾, £12 2s 3d Francis Hayes, free land 10, lease land 16, total 26, £2 10s 0d Francis Junge, 3¾ acres deducted at 1s 6d per acre, lease land 36¼, total 36¼, £4 7s 4½d Margaret Goodwin, free land 10, lease land 20, total 30, £3 0s 0d John Goodwin, free land 100, lease land 46, total 146, £10 15s 0d John Bazett's orphans, free land 109½, lease land 42, total 151½, £10 14s 6d Thomas Easthope, free land 14, lease land 41½, total 55½, £5 17s 9d Joshua Johnson, free land 74, lease land 38¼, total 112¼, £8 9s 7½d Carried over, £191 14s 3½d
271		268	Names, Ground rent, Free Land, Lease Land, Total, £, s, d Brought Over 191 . 14 . 3½ Samuel Knipe: Ground rent 0, Free Land 7⅝, Lease Land 0, Total 7⅝, £ 0, s 7, d 4½ John Hayes Sen.r: Ground rent 0, Free Land 9, Lease Land 0, Total 9, £ 0, s 9, d 0 John Leech Sen.r 19. D. 9 p.r Acre: Ground rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 46, Total 46, £ 4, s 1, d 9 William Seale: Ground rent 0, Free Land 16, Lease Land 15, Total 31, £ 2, s 13, d 6 Benjamin Seale: Ground rent 0, Free Land 15, Lease Land 16½, Total 31½, £ 2, s 16, d 3 Rob.t Gurling's Orphans: Ground rent 0, Free Land 20, Lease Land 15, Total 35, £ 2, s 17, d 6 Richard Gurling: Ground rent 0, Free Land 10, Lease Land 6, Total 16, £ 1, s 5, d 0 Martin Harper: Ground rent 0, Free Land 45¾, Lease Land 32, Total 77¾, £ 6, s 7, d 10½ Lydia Harper: Ground rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, Total 0, £ 3, s 5, d 0 Stephen Lufkin Sen.r: Ground rent 0, Free Land 10, Lease Land 0, Total 10, £ 0, s 10, d 0 Richard Mason: Ground rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 28½, Total 28½, £ 3, s 11, d 3 Giles Smith: Ground rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 10, Total 10, £ 1, s 5, d 0 John Purling's Orphans: Ground rent 0, Free Land 110½, Lease Land 74½, Total 185, £ 14, s 16, d 9 John Scott: Ground rent 0, Free Land 19, Lease Land 35, Total 54, £ 5, s 1, d 6 John Worrall: Ground rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 42½, Total 42½, £ 5, s 6, d 3 Ebenezer Leech: Ground rent 2/6, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, Total 0, £ 0, s 2, d 6 Nathan Sample: Ground rent 2/6, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, Total 0, £ 0, s 2, d 6 Joseph Whaley Sen.r: Ground rent 0, Free Land 5, Lease Land 1, Total 6, £ 0, s 7, d 6 Joseph Whaley Jun.r: Ground rent 0, Free Land 1½, Lease Land 14¾, Total 16¼, £ 1, s 18, d 4½ Matthew Mudge: Ground rent 0, Free Land 25, Lease Land 0, Total 25, £ 1, s 5, d 0 Richard Tinsley: Ground rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 3, Total 3, £ 0, s 7, d 6 Simon Whaley's Orphans: Ground rent 0, Free Land 14, Lease Land 14, Total 28, £ 2, s 9, d 0 Young's Orphans: Ground rent 0, Free Land 80, Lease Land 40, Total 120, £ 9, s 0, d 0 Gabriel Harper: Ground rent 0, Free Land 11, Lease Land 69, Total 80, £ 9, s 3, d 6 Robert Wright: Ground rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 18¾, Total 18¾, £ 2, s 6, d 10½ Joseph Powell: Ground rent 0, Free Land 78, Lease Land 28, Total 106, £ 7, s 0, d 0 Charles Stewards Orphans: Ground rent 0, Free Land 86½, Lease Land 72, Total 158½, £ 13, s 6, d 3 Carried Over£294 . 5 . 3½	Brought over, £191 14s 3½d Samuel Knipe, free land 7⅞, total 7⅞, £0 7s 4½d John Hayes senior, free land 9, total 9, £0 9s 0d John Leech senior, 19 acres deducted at 9d per acre, lease land 46, total 46, £4 1s 9d William Seale, free land 16, lease land 15, total 31, £2 13s 6d Benjamin Seale, free land 15, lease land 16½, total 31½, £2 16s 3d Robert Girling's orphans, free land 20, lease land 15, total 35, £2 17s 6d Richard Girling, free land 10, lease land 6, total 16, £1 5s 0d Martin Harper, free land 45⅞, lease land 32, total 77⅞, £6 7s 10½d Lydia Harper, £3 5s 0d Stephen Lufkin senior, free land 10, total 10, £0 10s 0d Richard Mason, lease land 28½, total 28½, £3 11s 3d Giles Smith, lease land 10, total 10, £1 5s 0d John Purling's orphans, free land 110½, lease land 74½, total 185, £14 16s 9d John Scott, free land 19, lease land 35, total 54, £5 1s 6d John Worrall, lease land 42½, total 42½, £5 6s 3d Ebenezer Leech, ground rent 2s 6d, £0 2s 6d Nathan Sample, ground rent 2s 6d, £0 2s 6d Joseph Whaley senior, free land 5, lease land 1, total 6, £0 7s 6d Joseph Whaley junior, free land 1½, lease land 14¾, total 16¼, £1 18s 4½d Matthew Mudge, free land 25, total 25, £1 5s 0d Richard Tinsley, lease land 3, total 3, £0 7s 6d Simon Whaley's orphans, free land 14, lease land 14, total 28, £2 9s 0d Young's orphans, free land 80, lease land 40, total 120, £9 0s 0d Gabriel Harper, free land 11, lease land 69, total 80, £9 3s 6d Robert Wright, lease land 18¾, total 18¾, £2 6s 10½d Joseph Powell, free land 78, lease land 28, total 106, £7 8s 0d Charles Stewart's orphans, free land 86¼, lease land 72, total 158¼, £13 6s 3d Carried over, £294 5s 3½d
272		269	Names, Ground rent, Free Land, Lease Land, Total, £, s, d Brought Over 294 . 5 . 3½ Francis Wrangham Sen.r: Ground rent 26/6, Free Land 168½, Lease Land 137, Total 305½, £ 26, s 17, d 6 James Greentree: Ground rent 0, Free Land 42, Lease Land 35, Total 77, £ 6, s 9, d 6 Susanna Greentree: Ground rent 0, Free Land 16, Lease Land 18, Total 34, £ 3, s 1, d 0 Benjamin Pledgerd: Ground rent 0, Free Land 15¼, Lease Land 31, Total 46¼, £ 4, s 12, d 10 John Spencer: Ground rent 0, Free Land 7¾, Lease Land 0, Total 7¾, £ 0, s 7, d 7½ £335 . 13 . 9 We at the same time received of the following persons the Undermentioned Sums towards discharge of their Debts due to the Honourable Company Vizt. Thomas Greentree£2 . 10 . 0 James Ryder's Orphans£2 . 0 . 0 Richard Beale£0 . 5 . 0 Richard Goodwin£2 . 10 . 0 Samuel Doveton£3 . 2 . 6 Jonathan Doveton£0 . 10 . 0 John Bazett's Orphans£2 . 10 . 0 Joshua Johnson£0 . 10 . 0 Ebenezer Leech£4 . 0 . 0 Matthew Mudge£2 . 5 . 4 Mary Streeve£12 . 17 . 10¾ Joseph Powell£5 . 19 . 0 Francis Wrangham Sen.r£9 . 10 . 0 £48 . 9 . 8¾ David Dunbar Cha.s Hutchinson Chris. Dixon John Goodwin Purling	Brought over, £294 5s 3½d Francis Wrangham senior, ground rent 26s 6d, free land 168½, lease land 137, total 305½, £26 17s 6d James Greentree, free land 42, lease land 35, total 77, £6 9s 6d Susanna Greentree, free land 16, lease land 18, total 34, £3 1s 0d Benjamin Pledgard, free land 15¾, lease land 31, total 46¾, £4 12s 10d John Spencer, free land 7⅞, lease land 7⅞, total 7⅞, £0 7s 7½d £335 13s 9d The council at the same time received of the following persons the sums stated below towards discharge of their debts due to the honourable Company, viz. Thomas Greentree, £2 10s 0d James Ryder's orphans, £2 0s 0d Richard Beale, £0 5s 0d Richard Goodwin, £2 10s 0d Samuel Doveton, £3 2s 6d Jonathan Doveton, £0 10s 0d John Bazett's orphans, £2 10s 0d Joshua Johnson, £0 10s 0d Ebenezer Leech, £4 0s 0d Matthew Mudge, £2 5s 4d Mary Shreeve, £12 17s 10¾d Joseph Powell, £5 19s 0d Francis Wrangham senior, £9 10s 0d £48 9s 8¾d Signed: David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin, Purling.
273		270	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 16.th Octob.r 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Gov.r Cap.t Charles Hutchinson Lieu. Gov.r Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling The Last Consultation was read and Approved The Husband, Storekeeper, Gunner and Steward this day Delivered their Severall Accounts in for the Last Month & Quarter, Which were Examined and Approved and are as follows Vizt.	At a consultation held at the castle on Tuesday 16 October 1744, Governor David Dunbar presided, with Deputy Governor Charles Hutchinson and the councillors Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling present. The council read and approved the minutes of the previous meeting. The husband, storekeeper, gunner and steward delivered their several accounts for the last month and quarter that day, which were examined and approved and are as follows.
274		271	An Account of the Hon.ble Companys Neat Cattle &c.a Taken 30.th Sept.r 1744 Vizt. Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Totals, Ews, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ews, Weathers, Kids, Rams, Totals, Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Totals, Turkeys, Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total Rem.d 1.st Sept.r as p.r D.o Doveton's Account: Bullocks 19, Cows 103, Heifers 24, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 101, Bulls 5, Totals 329, Ews 93, Weathers 13, Lambs 55, Rams 3, Total 164, Ews 142, Weathers 35, Kids 151, Rams 2, Totals 330, Sows 34, Barrows 16, Shoats 16, Piggs 85, Boars 3, Totals 154, Turkeys 60, Fowls 196, Chickens 0, Ducks 27, Geese 13, Horses 6, Mares 8 Bought in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 2, Heifers 2, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Totals 4, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ews 1, Weathers 2, Kids 3, Rams 0, Totals 6, Sows 1, Barrows 1, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Totals 2, Turkeys 0, Fowls 12, Chickens 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0 Killed in D.o: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings 0, Calves 0, Bulls 0, Totals 1, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ews 0, Weathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Totals 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Totals 0, Turkeys 0, Fowls 0, Chickens 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0 Died in D.o: Bullocks 19, Cows 100, Heifers 22, Steers 28, Yearlings 50, Calves 101, Bulls 5, Totals 324, Ews 93, Weathers 13, Lambs 55, Rams 3, Total 164, Ews 141, Weathers 33, Kids 148, Rams 2, Totals 324, Sows 33, Barrows 15, Shoats 16, Piggs 85, Boars 3, Totals 152, Turkeys 60, Fowls 114, Chickens 0, Ducks 27, Geese 13, Horses 6, Mares 8 Rem.g Bought 30. September: Bullocks 19, Cows 108, Heifers 16, Steers 26, Yearlings 46, Calves 116, Bulls 5, Totals 336, Ews 87, Weathers 11, Lambs 75, Rams 3, Total 176, Ews 144, Weathers 40, Kids 135, Rams 2, Totals 321, Sows 19, Barrows 1, Shoats 40, Piggs 95, Boars 2, Totals 157, Turkeys 62, Fowls 105, Chickens 61, Ducks 27, Geese 13, Horses 6, Mares 8 Expended. Beef to the Portobello - 713.t D.o to the Recruits - 285.t D.o to the Castle - 120.t Pork - - - - - 206.t Yams - 25000.t To the Sick Blacks. 1 Goat & 2 Kidds	Account of the honourable Company's stock of neat cattle, etc, taken 30 September 1744, viz. Neat cattle Remaining 1 September, as per last account: 19 bullocks, 103 cows, 23 heifers, 28 steers, 30 yearlings, 101 calves, 5 bulls, total 329 Doveton's account, corrected: 2 cows, 2 heifers, total 4 Killed in Do.: 1 cow, total 1 Died in Do.: 1 heifer, total 1 Remaining, corrected: 19 bullocks, 100 cows, 22 heifers, 28 steers, 50 yearlings, 101 calves, 5 bulls, total 324 Bought: 0 Remaining 30 September: 19 bullocks, 108 cows, 16 heifers, 26 steers, 46 yearlings, 116 calves, 5 bulls, total 336 Sheep Remaining 1 September: 93 ewes, 13 wethers, 55 lambs, 3 rams, total 164 Remaining, corrected: 93 ewes, 13 wethers, 55 lambs, 3 rams, total 164 Remaining 30 September: 87 ewes, 11 wethers, 75 lambs, 3 rams, total 176 Goats Remaining 1 September: 142 ewes, 35 wethers, 151 kids, 2 rams, total 330 Doveton's account, corrected: 1 ewe, 2 wethers, 3 kids, total 6 Remaining, corrected: 141 ewes, 33 wethers, 148 kids, 2 rams, total 324 Remaining 30 September: 144 ewes, 40 wethers, 135 kids, 2 rams, total 321 Hogs Remaining 1 September: 34 sows, 16 barrows, 16 shoats, 85 pigs, 3 boars, total 154 Doveton's account, corrected: 1 sow, total 2 Remaining, corrected: 33 sows, 15 barrows, 16 shoats, 85 pigs, 3 boars, total 152 Remaining 30 September: 19 sows, 1 barrow, 40 shoats, 95 pigs, 2 boars, total 157 Poultry and horses Remaining 1 September: 60 turkeys, 126 fowls, 27 ducks, 13 geese, 6 horses, 8 mares, total 14 Doveton's account, corrected: 12 fowls Remaining, corrected: 60 turkeys, 114 fowls, 27 ducks, 13 geese, 6 horses, 8 mares, total 14 Remaining 30 September: 62 turkeys, 105 fowls, 27 ducks, 13 geese, 6 horses, 8 mares, total 14 713 lb beef expended to the Portobello. 285 lb Do. to the recruits. 120 lb Do. to the castle. 206 lb pork expended. Yams, 25,000. To the sick slaves, 1 goat and 2 kids. Interpretations September was the first month since June to draw significantly on the herd for shipping, the 713 lb of beef sent to the Portobello reflecting her arrival on 22 September and reversing the pattern of July and August, when an empty road had let the cattle multiply untouched. The account also shows, uniquely in this run, an explicit correction entered into the official return itself: Doveton's inflated figures for cows, heifers, goats and fowls are set out and subtracted before the month's own business is added, a direct paper trace of the false returns the council had confronted him with on 18 September and for which it discharged him at the start of October. Against that correction, cows still grew from 100 to 108 and calves from 101 to 116 on ordinary breeding, while heifers fell sharply from 22 to 16, more consistent with reclassification into other categories at the half-yearly muster than with any sale recorded on the page.
275		272	The Difference between this Account and M.rs Doveton's will Appear not only in his Calling piggs, Sows, when they were really no more than piggs but also by Calling Yearlings, Heifers, & Steers, when they were not Come to a proper age to be so called, & by his not giving in any Acc.t of the Encrease of the Chickens at all We this day Ordered the Paymaster to pay to M.r Purling Storekeeper & William Davis the Sum of Four pounds and One Shilling, on Account of Mary Bradley one of the Orphans of John Bradley deceased We having Cash of theirs in our hands On the 3. Instant Sailed the Portobello, Cap.t Fisher for Borneo The day of the Month Gunners Stores expended in the Month of Sept.r 1744 vizt. Guns fired, 4 Pound.rs, 3 Pound.rs, 2 Pound.rs, ½ Pound.rs, Powder Expended 22. Alarm for the Portobello Cap.t Fisher: Guns fired 6, 4 Pound.rs 2, 3 Pound.rs 2, 2 Pound.rs 0, ½ Pound.rs 2, Powder Expended 13.t Amoed the Portobello One Horn of Powder Expended for priming: Guns fired 9, 4 Pound.rs 0, 3 Pound.rs 0, 2 Pound.rs 9, ½ Pound.rs 0, Powder Expended 9.t 29. Powder delivered to M.r Nevis: Guns fired 0, 4 Pound.rs 0, 3 Pound.rs 0, 2 Pound.rs 0, ½ Pound.rs 0, Powder Expended 3.t Powder delivered for Firework of the Prince: Guns fired 0, 4 Pound.rs 0, 3 Pound.rs 0, 2 Pound.rs 0, ½ Pound.rs 0, Powder Expended 9.t Total all: Guns fired 15, 4 Pound.rs 2, 3 Pound.rs 2, 2 Pound.rs 9, ½ Pound.rs 2, Powder Expended 45½.t 112.t Paper Handspikes deliv.d to Dunslow 6 Handspikes Expended 10 Sheepskins 8 Match 21.t Spunge staves deliv.d to Kinslow 2 Signed John French	The difference between this account and Doveton's would appear not only in his calling pigs sows, when they were really no more than pigs, but also in his calling yearlings, heifers and steers by those names when they had not yet come to a proper age to be so called, and in his giving in no account whatever of the increase of the chickens. The council ordered the paymaster to pay Purling, storekeeper, and William Davis the sum of £4 1s 0d on account of Mary Bradley, one of the orphans of John Bradley deceased, the council having cash of theirs in hand. On the 3rd instant the Portobello, Captain Fisher, sailed for Borneo. Gunners' stores expended in the month of September 1744, viz. 22nd: an alarm for the Portobello, Captain Fisher, 6 guns fired, 2 lb 4, 2 lb 3, . lb 2, 2 lb ½, total 13 Do.: at the Portobello, 9 guns fired, . lb 4, 9 lb 3, total 9 One horn of powder expended for priming, total 3 29th: powder delivered to Newis, total 9 Powder delivered for firelocks of the soldiers, total 12 Total: 15 guns fired, 2 lb 4, 2 lb 3, 9 lb 2, 2 lb ½, 45½ lb powder expended Paper, 2 quire Hand spikes delivered to Doveton, 6 Hand spikes expended, 10 Horse hides, 8 Match, 21 lb Sponge staves delivered to Kirsten, 2 Signed, John French.
276		273	Sundrys Expended at the Table in the Month of Sept.r 1744 Vizt. Port Wine 39 Bottles 2 . 13 . 2¾ Lisbon D.o 40 D.o 2 . 14 . 7 Red Cape 3 D.o 0 . 4 . 0½ White Cape 7 D.o 0 . 9 . 7½ Madera 8 D.o 0 . 12 . 0 Arrack 53 Gallons 6 . 12 . 6 Florence Oyle 3 Bottles 0 . 7 . 6 Vinegar 3 Quarts 0 . 1 . 5¾ Sugar 50.t 0 . 6 . 3 Candy 32.t 0 . 10 . 0 Flour 246.t 1 . 3 . 6 Bread for Servants 30 Loaves @ ¾ d 0 . 10 . 0 Salt 1 Bushell 0 . 5 . 10 Salt Pork 13 peices 1 . 3 . 10 Salt Beef 1 peice 0 . 2 . 11¾ Goats 2 1 . 0 . 0 Kids 1 0 . 5 . 0 Beer 143 Bottles 1 . 7 . 6¾ Fowls 12 0 . 18 . 0 Fresh Beef 120.t 1 . 10 . 0 Hogs 2 w.t 206.t 5 . 3 . 0 £28 . 0 . 11 A Collection of Goods Sold and delivered out of the Hon.ble Companys Stores from the 1.st June to the 30.th Sept.r 1744 Vizt. To the Planters Arrack 254 Gallons£76 . 4 . 0 Brandy 621¾ Gallons 207 . 10 . 6 Sugar & Candy Vizt. 2509 Sugar 52 . 5 . 5 725 Candy 19 . 12 . 8¾ 71 . 18 . 1¾ Carried Over£355 . 12 . 7¼	Sundries expended at the table in the month of September 1744, viz. Port wine, 39 bottles, £2 13s 2¼d Lisbon Do, 40 Do, £2 14s 7d Red Cape, 3 Do, £0 4s 0¼d White Cape, 7 Do, £0 9s 7¼d Madeira, 8 Do, £0 12s 0d Arrack, 53 gallons, £6 12s 6d Florence oil, 3 bottles, £0 7s 6d Vinegar, 3 quarts, £0 1s 5¼d Sugar, 30 lb, £0 6s 3d Candy, 32 lb, £0 10s 0d Flour, 246 lb, £1 3s 6d Bread for servants, 30 loaves at ¾d, £0 10s 0d Salt, 1 bushel, £0 5s 10d Salt pork, 13 pieces, £1 3s 10d Salt beef, 1 piece, £0 2s 11¼d Goats, 2, £1 0s 0d Kids, 1, £0 5s 0d Beer, 143 bottles, £1 7s 6¼d Fowls, 12, £0 18s 0d Fresh beef, 120 lb, £1 10s 0d Hogs, 2, weighing 206 lb, £5 3s 0d £28 0s 11d A collection of goods sold and delivered out of the honourable Company's stores from 1 June to 30 September 1744, viz. To the planters Arrack, 254 gallons, £76 4s 0d Brandy, 621¾ gallons, £207 10s 6d Sugar and candy, viz. 2,509 lb sugar, £52 3s 5d 725 lb candy, £19 12s 8½d £71 18s 1¼d Carried over, £355 12s 7¼d
277		274	Bro.t Over£355 . 12 . 7½ Bread & Flour Vizt. 104½.t Bread 10 . 17 . 6 451.t Flour 4 . 13 . 11½ 15 . 11 . 5¼ Oyle Vizt. 4½ Gall.s Linseed 1 . 8 . 1½ 4 Bottles Florence 0 . 14 . 0 10¼ Gall.s Train 2 . 9 . 0 4 . 11 . 1½ Soap 198¾.t 9 . 2 . 2¼ Nailes Vizt. 7 6½.t 4.d 2 . 4 . 7¼ 22½.t 30.d 0 . 9 . 4½ 76.t Flooring Brads 1 . 18 . 0 9.t Glazing d.o 0 . 14 . 3 5 . 6 . 3 Vinegar 2 Gallons 0 . 5 . 4 Shalloon 64¾ Yards 8 . 6 . 0 Chelloes 43½ peices 28 . 8 . 9 Tea 101 Callees 10 . 2 . 0 Hooks & Lines Vizt. 5 Grose 2 doz Hooks Sorted 1 . 17 . 9 10 Hundred Blue Hooks 0 . 4 . 2 8 doz Lines Sorted 2 . 2 . 6½ 9 damaged d.o 0 . 10 . 6 4 . 14 . 11½ Carried Over£442 . 0 . 8¼	Brought over, £355 12s 7¼d Bread and flour, viz. 104 hundredweight bread, £10 17s 6d 45½ hundredweight flour, £4 13s 11½d £15 11s 5¾d Oils, viz. 4½ gallons linseed, £1 8s 1½d 4 bottles Florence, £0 14s 0d 10 gallons train, £2 9s 0d £4 11s 1½d Soap, 198¾ lb, £9 2s 2¼d Nails, viz. 7½ lb 6, £2 4s 7½d 22½ lb 50, £0 9s 4½d 7 lb flooring brads, £1 18s 0d 9 lb glazing Do, £0 14s 3d £5 6s 3d Vinegar, 2 gallons, £0 5s 4d Shalloon, 64¾ yards, £8 6s 0d Chelloes, 45½ pieces, £28 8s 9d Tea, 101 catties, £10 2s 0d Hooks and lines, viz. 5 gross 2 dozen hooks sorted, £1 17s 9d 10 hundred blue hooks, £0 4s 2d 8 dozen lines sorted, £2 2s 6½d 9 damaged Do, £0 10s 6d £4 14s 11½d Carried over, £442 0s 8¾d
278		275	Bro.t Over£442 . 0 . 8¼ Chinaware Vizt. 24 Nogging Cups 0 . 2 . 6 12 Tea Potts 0 . 6 . 0 37 Bowles 2 . 6 . 3 72 Cups & Saucers 0 . 11 . 6 53 Sneckers 0 . 16 . 6¾ 1 Sett Dishes & Plates Blue & White 0 . 9 . 11 4 . 12 . 8¾ Flannell 12 Yards 0 . 18 . 0 Long Cloth Vizt. 9¾ peices Ordinary Cloth 12 . 8 . 7 2 peices Middling 3 . 1 . 8 15 . 10 . 3 Desooles 8 peices 5 . 0 . 0 Haberdasheryware Vizt. 10 Hundred Needles 0 . 7 . 1 7 Scanes English Silk 0 . 4 . 1 4 d.o Mohair 0 . 1 . 4 1 doz Mohair Breast Buttons 0 . 4 . 4 3 Yards Gartring 0 . 0 . 7½ 4 peices Bobin 0 . 1 . 6 10 peices Broad Holland Tape 0 . 8 . 4 3 peices Carnation 0 . 1 . 9 2 peices Broad White Tape 0 . 5 . 10 1 . 10 . 10½ Paint Vizt. 32.t Whiting 0 . 0 . 9½ 7.t Yellow Oaker 0 . 2 . 0¼ 8¾ Indico 0 . 19 . 3 13.t Red Oaker 0 . 3 . 9½ 1 . 5 . 10¼ Candles 13.t 1 . 7 . 1 Pork 3 p.d 0 . 8 . 0 Cutleryware Vizt. 7 Wood Handle Knives 0 . 4 . 1 6 Buck Handle Knives 0 . 9 . 6 0 . 6 . 7 Twine 13.t 1 . 0 . 7 Carried Over£474 . 0 . 8	Brought over, £442 0s 8¾d Chinaware, viz. 24 negging cups, £0 2s 6d 12 tea pots, £0 6s 0d 37 bowls, £2 6s 3d 72 cups and saucers, £0 11s 6d 53 sneakers, £0 16s 6¼d 1 soup dishes and plates, blue and white, £0 9s 11d £4 12s 8¼d Flannel, 12 yards, £0 18s 0d Long cloth, viz. 9½ pieces ordinary cloth, £12 8s 7d 2 pieces middling, £3 1s 8d £15 10s 3d Dresales, 8 pieces, £5 0s 0d Haberdasheryware, viz. 10 hundred needles, £0 7s 1d 7 skeins English silk, £0 4s 1d 4 Do mohair, £0 1s 4d 1 dozen mohair breast buttons, £0 4s 4d 3 yards gartering, £0 0s 7½d 4 pieces bobbin, £0 1s 6d 10 pieces broad Holland tape, £0 8s 4d 3 pieces carnation, £0 1s 9d 2 pieces broad white tape, £0 5s 10d £1 10s 10½d Paint, viz. 32 lb whiting, £0 0s 9½d 7 lb yellow ochre, £0 2s 0¼d 8¼ indigo, £0 19s 3d 13 lb red ochre, £0 3s 9¼d £1 5s 10¾d Candles, 13 lb, £1 7s 1d Pork, 3 pieces, £0 8s 0d Cutleryware, viz. 7 wood handle knives, £0 4s 1d 6 buck handle knives, £0 2s 6d £0 6s 7d Twine, 13 lb, £1 0s 3d Carried over, £474 0s 3d
279		276	Bro.t Over£474 . 0 . 8 Cordage 15.t 16½.t Cordage p.d 3¾.t p.d£ 0 . 7 . 6¾ 101½.t D.o p.d 6.t p.d 2 . 10 . 9 2 . 18 . 3¾ Rice 519.t 0 . 0 . 0 9 . 11 . 7½ Thread Vizt. 8¾.t Brown 2 . 9 . 9 3¾.t coloured d.o 0 . 12 . 2¾ 4 Oz Nuns 0 . 6 . 7 3 . 8 . 6¾ Pewter Vizt. 6½ doz Pewter Spoons 0 . 18 . 11½ 1 Funnell 0 . 3 . 2 Canvas 8½ Yards English 0 . 14 . 10½ Starch 8.t 0 . 4 . 8 Lead Vizt. 67.t Pigg 0 . 15 . 3 28.t Shot 0 . 7 . 0 1 . 2 . 3 Muslin 1 peice 0 . 15 . 1 Sperks 4 Dungree 0 . 10 . 4 Palampores 15 Sorted 5 . 0 . 3 Brazierware Vizt. 1 Ladle 0 . 9 . 5 1 Tea Kettle 0 . 13 . 5 0 . 15 . 10 Shoes Vizt. 1 p.r Mens 0 . 5 . 9 14 p.r Girls 1 . 17 . 4 6 p.r Boys Sorted 1 . 7 . 10 1 Womans Last 0 . 0 . 11 3 . 11 . 10 Broad Cloth 1¾ Y.d 2 . 2 . 7¾ Carried Over£498 . 19 . 7¼	Brought over, £474 0s 3d Cordage, viz. 16½ hundredweight cordage, at 3¼d per lb, £0 7s 6¾d 101½ Do, at 6d per lb, £2 10s 9d £2 18s 3¾d Rice, 51¾ hundredweight, £9 11s 7½d Thread, viz. 8¾ lb brown, £2 9s 9d 3¾ lb coloured Do, £0 19s 2¾d 4 oz nuns, £0 6s 7d £3 8s 6¾d Pewter, viz. 6½ dozen pewter spoons, £0 18s 11½d 1 funnel, £0 3s 2d Canvas, 8½ yards English, £0 14s 10½d Starch, 8 lb, £0 4s 8d Lead, viz. 67 lb pig, £0 13s 3d 28 lb shot, £0 7s 0d £1 2s 3d Muslin, 1 piece, £0 15s 1d Shirts, 4 dungaree, £0 10s 4d Pallampores, 15 sorted, £5 0s 3d Braziersware, viz. 1 ladle, £0 9s 5d 1 tea kettle, £0 13s 5d £0 15s 10d Shoes, viz. 1 pair men's, £0 5s 9d 14 pairs girls', £1 17s 4d 6 pairs boys' sorted, £1 7s 10d 1 women's last, £0 0s 11d £3 11s 10d Broad cloth, 1⅞ yards, £2 2s 7¾d Carried over, £498 19s 0¾d
280		277	Bro.t Over£498 . 19 . 7¼ Glazersware Vizt. 58 Squares Glass 8 by 10 1 . 13 . 10 9 Wine Glasses 0 . 4 . 1½ 1 . 17 . 11½ Ironmongersware Vizt. 3 Hoes 0 . 7 . 3 3 Stock Locks 1 . 5 . 3 3 Toll Locks 0 . 8 . 9 1 Box Lock with brass plate 0 . 2 . 7 1 Adz 0 . 3 . 1 1 Keyhole Saw 0 . 3 . 2 1 P.r Sheep Shears 0 . 1 . 6 1 Taylors Thimble 0 . 0 . 2 2 Loping Axes 0 . 6 . 6 3 Iron rimmed Locks Sorted 0 . 18 . 2 3 . 16 . 5 Pitch & Tarr Vizt. 18.t Rozin 0 . 3 . 0 22.t Tarr 0 . 2 . 1½ 0 . 5 . 1½ Pepper 2.t 0 . 1 . 5 Blanketts Vizt. 1 Ordinary Blankett 0 . 8 . 1 2 Fine d.o 1 . 5 . 6 1 . 13 . 7 Oars 2. 16 feet 0 . 9 . 10 Turnersware Vizt. 1 Wood Ladle 0 . 0 . 2¾ 1 Hair Broom 0 . 1 . 11 2 Wood Bowles 0 . 1 . 8 1 Paint Brush 0 . 0 . 5½ 0 . 4 . 3¼ Deales 2 0 . 7 . 0 Total to the Planters£507 . 14 . 7¼	Brought over, £498 19s 0¾d Glassware, viz. 58 squares glass, 8 by 10, £1 13s 10d 9 wine glasses, £0 4s 1½d £1 17s 11½d Ironmongersware, viz. 3 hoes, £0 7s 3d 3 stock locks, £1 5s 3d 3 till locks, £0 8s 9d 1 box lock with brass plate, £0 2s 7d 1 adze, £0 3s 1d 1 keyhole saw, £0 3s 2d 1 pair sheep shears, £0 1s 6d 1 tailors' thimble, £0 0s 2d 2 lopping axes, £0 6s 6d 3 iron-rimmed locks sorted, £0 18s 2d £3 16s 5d Pitch and tar, viz. 18 lb rozin, £0 3s 0d 22 lb tar, £0 2s 1½d £0 5s 1½d Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 5d Blankets, viz. 1 ordinary blanket, £0 8s 1d 2 fine Do, £1 5s 6d £1 13s 7d Oars, 2, 16 feet, £0 9s 10d Turnersware, viz. 1 wood ladle, £0 0s 2¾d 1 hair broom, £0 1s 11d 2 wood bowls, £0 1s 8d 1 paint brush, £0 0s 5½d £0 4s 3¼d Deals, 2, £0 7s 0d Total to the planters, £507 14s 7¾d
281		278	To the Garrison Vizt. Arrack 448 Gallons£112 . 0 . 0 Brandy 591 D.o 147 . 15 . 0 Sugar & Candy Vizt. 266½.t Sugar 44 . 9 . 2 638.t Candy 15 . 1 . 7 59 . 10 . 9 Bread & Flour Vizt. 2822.t Bread 20 . 11 . 6½ 1526.t Flour 11 . 2 . 6 1445.t 1.o Baked in Biscuit 10 . 10 . 8¾ 9064.t D.o Baked in Loaves 62 . 18 . 1¼ 105 . 2 . 10½ Soap 247½.t 9 . 15 . 3¾ Oyle Vizt. 8 Gall.s Linseed 1 . 19 . 4 25½ Gall.s Train 4 . 2 . 6 13 Bottles Florence 1 . 15 . 9 7 . 17 . 7 Shirts 20 Dungree 2 . 7 . 8 Thread Vizt. 5 Oz Nuns 0 . 11 . 8 8¾.t W. Brown 2 . 2 . 0¾ 5¾.t Coloured 0 . 14 . 2¾ 3 . 8 . 6¾ Muslin 6 peices 3 . 11 . 6 Shalloon 36¾ Yards 4 . 3 . 5 Tea 63 Cattes 5 . 6 . 1 Corks Vizt. 2½ Grose 0 . 6 . 3 ¼.t Corkwood 0 . 0 . 1¼ 0 . 6 . 4¼ Long Cloth Vizt. 29½ peices Ordinary Cloth 30 . 7 . 2½ 2 peices Middling 2 . 8 . 6 32 . 15 . 8½ Carried Over£492 . 14 . 9¾	To the garrison, viz. Arrack, 448 gallons, £112 0s 0d Brandy, 591 Do, £147 15s 0d Sugar and candy, viz. 266½ lb sugar, £44 9s 2d 638 lb candy, £15 1s 7d £59 10s 9d Bread and flour, viz. 2,899 lb bread, £20 11s 6½d 1,526 lb flour, £11 2s 6d 1,445 lb Do, baked in biscuit, £10 10s 8¾d 3,064 lb Do, baked in loaves, £62 18s 1½d £105 2s 10¾d Soap, 247½ lb, £9 15s 3¾d Oils, viz. 8 gallons linseed, £1 19s 4d 25½ gallons train, £4 2s 6d 13 bottles Florence, £1 15s 9d £7 17s 7d Shirts, 20 dungaree, £2 11s 8d Thread, viz. 5 oz nuns, £0 11s 8d 8¾ lb brown, £2 2s 0¾d 5¾ lb coloured, £0 14s 2¾d £3 8s 6¾d Muslin, 6 pieces, £3 11s 6d Shalloon, 36¾ yards, £4 3s 5d Tea, 63 catties, £5 6s 1d Corks, viz. 2½ groce, £0 6s 3d ¼ lb corkwood, £0 1s 1¼d £0 6s 4¼d Long cloth, viz. 29½ pieces ordinary cloth, £30 7s 2½d 2 pieces middling, £2 8s 6d £32 15s 8½d Carried over, £492 14s 9¾d
282		279	Bro.t Over£492 . 14 . 9¾ Twine 11.t 0 . 13 . 9 Hooks & Lines Vizt. 2 Grose 3 doz Hooks 0 . 19 . 10¾ 850 Blue Hooks 0 . 2 . 10 10 doz 4. Lines 2 . 6 . 0½ 13 damaged Lines 0 . 15 . 0 3 . 16 . 9 Vinegar 3 Gallons 0 . 6 . 6 Turnersware Vizt. 1 Scrubbing Brush 0 . 1 . 6 7 Wood Bowles 0 . 4 . 8 3 Mops 0 . 3 . 9 2 Brooms 0 . 3 . 1 3 Cloth Brushes 0 . 3 . 7½ 1 D.o 0 . 2 . 7 4 Platters 0 . 2 . 8 1 . 1 . 10½ Glazierware Vizt. 2 Crewells 0 . 2 . 2 10 Wine Glasses 0 . 3 . 9 0 . 5 . 11 Haberdasheryware Vizt. 23 Scanes Mohair 0 . 5 . 9 31 Scanes Silk 0 . 14 . 2½ 42¾ Yards Gartring 0 . 7 . 1½ 1 Hundred Needles 0 . 0 . 7 6 Yards Ferrill or Galloon 0 . 1 . 9 25 Mohair Coat Buttons 0 . 4 . 4½ 17 d.o Breast 0 . 4 . 3 7¼ doz Gilt Coat 1 . 1 . 3 2 . 19 . 3¾ Palampores 18 Sorted 4 . 15 . 6 Shoes 102 p.r Mens 22 . 19 . 0 Carried Over£529 . 13 . 4¾	Brought over, £492 14s 9¾d Twine, 11 lb, £0 13s 9d Hooks and lines, viz. 2 groce 3 dozen hooks, £0 19s 10½d 850 blue hooks, £0 2s 10d 10 dozen 4 lines, £2 6s ½d 13 damaged lines, £0 15s 0d £3 16s 9d Vinegar, 3 gallons, £0 6s 6d Turnersware, viz. 1 scrubbing brush, £0 1s 6d 7 wood bowls, £0 4s 8d 3 mops, £0 3s 2d 2 brooms, £0 3s 1d 3 cloth brushes, £0 3s 7½d 1 Do, £0 2s 7d 4 platters, £0 2s 8d £1 1s 10½d Glazierysware, viz. 2 cruets, £0 2s 2d 10 wine glasses, £0 3s 9d £0 5s 11d Haberdasheryware, viz. 23 skeins mohair, £0 5s 9d 31 skeins silk, £0 14s 2½d 42¾ yards gartering, £0 7s 1½d 1 hundred needles, £0 0s 7d 6 yards ferret or galloon, £0 1s 9d 5 mohair coat buttons, £0 4s 4½d 7½ Do breast, £0 4s 3d 7½ dozen gilt coat, £1 1s 3d £2 19s 3¾d Pallampores, 18 sorted, £4 15s 6d Shoes, 102 pairs men's, £22 19s 0d Carried over, £509 13s 4¾d
283		280	Brot Over£529 . 13 . 4¾ Canvas Vizt. 13½ Yards Sacking 0 . 9 . 11¼ 2½ Yards English Canvas 0 . 3 . 0 8 Yards Russia Sail Cloth 0 . 9 . 8 1 . 2 . 7¼ Desooles 15 peices 6 . 6 . 3 Chelloes 36½ peices 17 . 18 . 11 Blanketts 13 Ordinary 4 . 2 . 10½ Candles 70.t 5 . 10 . 10 Flannells 4¾ Yards 0 . 5 . 8¾ Chinaware Vizt. 4 Setts Dishes & Plates 1 . 10 . 0 22 Nogging Cups 0 . 1 . 10 36 Cups & Saucers 0 . 4 . 6 99 Bowles 4 . 10 . 9 219 Sneckers 2 . 14 . 9 41 Tea potts 0 . 4 . 7 9 . 6 . 5 Broad Cloth Vizt. 9½ Yards Scarlett 8 . 10 . 2½ ¾ Yard Cloth Coloured 0 . 12 . 9¾ 3¾ Yards Black 3 . 6 . 3 12 . 9 . 3¼ Pewter 3½ doz Spoons 0 . 8 . 2 Paint 6.t Indico 0 . 11 . 0 Starch & Hair Powder Vizt. 4.t Starch 0 . 1 . 10 3.t Hair Powder 0 . 1 . 10½ 0 . 3 . 8½ Rozin 8.t 0 . 1 . 0 Cutleryware. 2 Wood handle Knives 0 . 0 . 11 Salt 1¾ Bushell 0 . 9 . 7½ Carried Over£588 . 15 . 8½	Brought over, £509 13s 4¾d Canvas, viz. 13¾ yards sacking, £0 9s 11¼d 2¾ yards English canvas, £0 3s 0d 8 yards Russia sail cloth, £0 9s 8d £1 2s 7¼d Dresales, 15 pieces, £6 6s 3d Chelloes, 36½ pieces, £17 16s 11d Blankets, 13 ordinary, £4 2s 10½d Candles, 70 lb, £5 10s 10d Flannels, 4¾ yards, £0 5s 8¾d Chinaware, viz. 1 soup dishes and plates, £1 10s 0d 22 negging cups, £0 1s 10d 36 cups and saucers, £0 4s 6d 99 bowls, £4 10s 9d 219 sneakers, £2 14s 9d 41 tea pots, £0 4s 7d £9 6s 5d Broad cloth, viz. 9½ yards scarlet, £8 10s 2½d ¾ yard cloth coloured, £0 12s 9¾d 3¾ yards black, £3 6s 3d £12 9s 3¼d Pewter, 3½ dozen spoons, £0 8s 2d Paint, 6 lb indigo, £0 11s 0d Starch and hair powder, viz. 4 lb starch, £0 1s 10d 3 lb hair powder, £0 1s 10½d £0 3s 8½d Rozin, 8 lb, £0 1s 0d Cutleryware, 2 wood handle knives, £0 0s 11d Salt, 1¾ bushels, £0 9s 7½d Carried over, £588 19s 8½d
284		281	Ironmongers ware, Brd. Over £. 598 . 10 . 8¾ 2 Frying Pans „ 3 . 8 6 [...] „ 1 . 6 2 [...] „ 2 . „ 1 Jack plain „ 2 . 1 1 plain damaged „ 1 . 6 1 Box Lock with Brass plate „ 2 . 1 2 Escutcheon Locks „ 6 . 4 1 Scythe Stone 1¾ 1 Rag Stone 1½ Pease 1½ Bushell „ 19 . 3¾ Deales 1½ Inch Wainscot Board „ 10 . 7½ Lead 29¾lb Sheet 6 Copper 3lb „ 1 . 8¾ Iron Potts 1 „ 4 . 4 Brazierware viz: 2 Ladles „ 4 . „ 1 pr Candlesticks „ 7 . 6 1 Tea Kettle „ 10 . 8 1 . 2 . 8 Tinware 1 pudding pan „ „ „ Gold Twist ¼ oz „ 2 . 6¾ Halfpence to the officers for paying the severall Companys 6000 12 . 10 . „ Beeff & Pork viz: No 36 pieces Beeff for the Markett 3 . 5 . 4 25 pieces Beeff 4 . 3 . 5 82 pieces Pork 8 . 10 . 10 16 . 19 . 7 Rice & Paddy viz: 42 . 2 . 14 Rice 16 . 18 . 11¼ 2 . . . Paddy „ 12 . 6 17 . 11 . 3¾ Total Paid to the Garrison £. 698 . 17 . 8½	Ironmongery, brought over £588 19s 8.5d. 2 frying pans, £0 3s 8d 6 padlocks, £0 1s 6d 2 chisels, £0 2s 0d 1 jack plane, £0 2s 1d 1 plane damaged, £0 1s 6d 1 box lock with brass plate, £0 2s 1d 2 furniture locks, £0 6s 4d 1 scythe stone, £0 0s 1.5d 1 razor stone, £0 0s 1.5d Peas, 14 bushels, £0 19s 5.5d Deals, 12 inch wainscot board, £0 10s 7.5d Lead, 224 lb sheet, £0 0s 6d Pepper, 3 lb, £0 1s 8.5d Iron bolts, 1, £0 4s 4d Braziery: 2 ladles, £0 4s 0d 1 pair of candlesticks, £0 7s 6d 1 tea kettle, £0 10s 8d Tinware, 1 pudding pan, £1 2s 2d. Gold twist, 14 ounces, £0 2s 6.5d. Half a pence to the officers for paying the several companies, £6,000, £12 10s 0d. Beef and pork: 36 pieces of beef for the market at 3s 5d, £0 0s 0d 23 pieces of beef at 4s 3d, £0 0s 5d 82 pieces of pork at 8s 10d, £0 10s 0d Total beef and pork, £16 19s 7d Rice and paddy: 42 bags 2 pecks 14 lb of rice at 16s 18d 11.5d, £0 0s 0d 2 bags of paddy at 12s 6d, £0 0s 0d Total rice and paddy, £17 11s 5.5d Total sold to the garrison, £638 17s 8.5d. Interpretations Gold twist was fine gold-wrapped thread, made by winding a thin flat gold wire around a silk core, used for the decorative lace, braid and buttonholes on officers' coats and other formal dress. Its presence in a garrison account marks the demand for military finery even at a remote station, since a serviceable coat still had to carry the trimmings that distinguished rank. Paddy is unhusked rice, the grain still in its outer hull as it comes from the field, valued here well below the milled rice on the line above it because it required cleaning before it could be eaten. Keeping a store of both let the establishment issue finished rice while holding paddy that would keep longer against spoilage and vermin. The entry of £6,000 against the officers paying the several companies is a book figure for the sum of pay disbursed, not a charge for goods, the small sterling amount beside it being the fee or allowance for handling the payment rather than the payment itself. The line records the cost of the paymaster's service folded into a stores account, the island having no separate treasury and settling every kind of obligation through the same ledger. The unit rates on the beef, pork and rice lines carry figures that do not reconcile with the sterling sums entered beside them, the beef and rice extensions in particular standing at nil pounds and shillings where a rate and a quantity are both given. Where a garrison account of this kind ran together provisions sold locally and goods drawn from a ship's cargo, the clerk often carried the quantity and a market rate in one set of columns while the money owed passed into the running total through a separate reckoning, so a legible rate need not answer arithmetically to the sum on its own line.
285		282	Sold to Foreign Ships, viz: Bread & Flour viz: 170lb Bread 2 . 2 . 6 700lb Flour Baled into Bread 8 . 15 . „ 750lb Flour 9 . 7 . 6 20 . 5 . „ Deales 1 piece Oak Timber 38½ feet „ „ „ 3 . 7 . 4½ 23 . 12 . 4½ Charges Generall [...] for Stores & pence from the 1st July to the 30th Septr 1744 viz: Cordage 44lb to Rigg the Ardent & for Seale Ropes „ „ „ 6 . 14 . 9¾ Deales viz: 16 Deales for repairs 2 . „ „ 7½ feet 3 Inch Oak plank for Shafts „ 4 . 10 2 Sparrs for the Stonecutters „ 4 . 4½ & roofing the Blacks Houses 2 . 9 . 9½ Nailes viz: 16lb 20d Nailes „ 9 . 7½ 16lb 6d do „ 6 . „ 5. Spikes „ 1 . 4½ 16lb flooring Brads „ 6 . „ 1lb Glazing Brads „ 1 . ½ . 17 . 2¼ Oyle viz: 5½ Gallons Train „ 18 . 4 ¼ do Lynseed „ 1 . 1¼ 1 Bottle Florence „ 2 . 6 1 . 1 . 11¼ Lead viz: 5¾lb Sheet Lead „ „ 11½ 24lb Pigg Lead „ 4 . „ 50. Yards 1 Inch pipe 8 . 18 . „ 9 . 2 . 11½ Carried Over £ 20 . 5 . 11¾	Sold to foreign ships, bread and flour: 170 lb bread, £9 2s 6d 700 lb flour baked into bread, £8 15s 0d 750 lb flour, £9 7s 6d Total bread and flour, £20 5s 0d Deals, 1 piece of oak timber, 380 feet, £3 7s 4.5d Total sold to foreign ships, £23 12s 4.5d General charges for stores expended from 1 July to 30 September 1744. Cordage, 441 lb, to tie the anchor stream and for scale ropes, £6 14s 9.75d. Deals: 16 deals for repairs, £2 0s 0d Half a foot of 3 inch oak plank for a shaft, £0 4s 10d 2 spars for the bandstanding, £0 4s 4.5d Roofing the blacks houses, £2 9s 9.5d Nails: 20 lb of 20 penny nails, £0 9s 7.5d 16 lb of 16 penny nails, £0 6s 0d 5 spikes, £0 1s 4.5d 16 flooring brads, £0 6s 0d 1 lb of glazing brads, £0 1s 0.5d Total nails, £0 17s 0.25d Oil: 5.5 gallons of train oil, £0 18s 4d 0.25 of a gallon of linseed oil, £0 1s 1.5d 1 bottle of Florence oil, £0 2s 6d Total oil, £1 1s 11.75d Lead: 5 lb of sheet lead, £0 0s 11.5d 24 lb of pig lead, £0 4s 0d 50 yards of 1 inch pipe, £8 18s 0d Total lead, £9 2s 11.25d Carried over, £20 5s 11.25d Interpretations Train oil was oil rendered from the blubber of whales or seals, the common cheap oil of the period, burnt in lamps and used to dress leather and to preserve iron and timber against damp. Its heaviest use at James Fort was in the lanterns and in the maintenance of stores and tackle exposed to the sea air. Florence oil was a fine olive oil shipped from Livorno through the Tuscan port that gave it its name, kept for the table and for medicinal use rather than for any of the rough work the train and linseed oils served. A single bottle of it entered among gallons of the coarser oils marks the distinction the account drew between a delicacy and a working stock. The nails are graded by the old penny system, where the number counts the price in pence of a hundred nails of that size, so a 20 penny nail is longer and heavier than a 16 penny nail. Brads are thin nails with little or no head, the flooring brads used to fix boards without splitting them and the glazing brads to hold panes in a window frame before puttying. The charge for roofing the blacks houses records the Company meeting the cost of maintaining the quarters of its own slaves as a running works expense, set among the repairs to the fort's fabric. The line shows that the housing of the slave establishment was treated as part of the plantation plant to be kept up at the Company's charge, not left to the people who lived in it. The purchase of 50 yards of 1 inch pipe for £8 18s 0d, by far the largest single item on the page, points to continued work on carrying water down to the fort by leaden conduit, the enterprise the council had weighed since Governor Pyke set slaves to trench the salt springs in 1732 and preferred to the far dearer run of pipe from Maria Spring. Laying pipe in short annual lengths let the works go forward against the standing account rather than as one heavy outlay, the island buying its water supply a few yards at a time as the stores account could bear it.
286		283	Haberdashery ware Brd. Over £ 20 . 5 . 11¾ 1 piece Broad Diaper Tape 0 . 1 . 4 Pitch & Tarr viz: 1lb Pitch 0 . 0 . 1 @23.24 Ton 0 . 7 . 4½ 0 . 7 . 5½ Glaziers ware viz: 1 Square Glass 12 by 12 for the Candle Windows 0 . 0 . 8½ 2 do 8 by 10 for the Church 0 . 0 . 2 2 Quart Decanters for the Table 0 . 4 . 9½ 0 . 6 . 3 Turners ware viz: 1 Bowl 0 . 0 . 7 1 Platter 0 . 0 . 7 2 Mops 0 . 2 . 3 4 Fishmens Yokes 0 . 4 . 4 1 Scrubbing Brush 0 . 1 . 4 1 Wire Sieve 0 . 6 . 3½ 2 Pumps Braces 0 . 1 . 11 0 . 17 . 5½ Starch 10lb 0 . 4 . 9 Bunting viz: 6 Yards Red for Colours 0 . 4 . 2¼ 2 Yards White for Strainers 0 . 1 . 0 0 . 5 . 2¼ Blanketts 2 fine for the Godr Bed 0 . 18 . 4 Candles 78lb for the Table & Councill 5 . 10 . 6 Chinaware 12 Noggings left for the Table 0 . 0 . 9 Corks 2 Gross for the Table 0 . 4 . 6 Scales 1 pr for the Dairy 2 . 4 . 11 Paint viz: 1lb Indico 0 . 1 . 8 28 Whiting 0 . 0 . 6 0 . 2 . 2 Ironmongers ware viz: 2 Doz Thimbletts 0 . 3 . 0 6 Sail Needles 0 . 0 . 7½ 2 Gouges 0 . 0 . 7½ 1 Padlock 0 . 2 . 7 0 . 6 . 8 Carried Over £ 31 . 14 . 5½	Haberdashery, brought over £20 5s 11.25d. 1 piece of broad diaper tape, £0 1s 4d Pitch and tar: 1 lb of pitch, £0 0s 1d Coal, 3 quarters 24 lb, 1 ton, £0 7s 4.5d Total pitch and tar, £0 7s 5.25d Glaziery: 1 square of glass 12 by 12 for the candle windows, £0 0s 8.5d 2 squares of glass 8 by 10 for the church, £0 0s 9d 2 quart decanters for the table, £0 4s 9.5d Total glaziery, £0 6s 3d Turnery: 1 bowl, £0 0s 7d 1 platter, £0 0s 7d 2 mops, £0 2s 3d 4 fishermen's yokes, £0 4s 4d 1 scrubbing brush, £0 1s 4d 1 rice sieve, £0 6s 3.5d 2 pump braces, £0 1s 11d Total turnery, £0 17s 5.75d Starch, 10 lb, £0 4s 9d. Bunting: 6 yards red for scarves, £0 4s 2.5d 2 yards white for strainers, £0 1s 0d Total bunting, £0 5s 2.5d Blankets, 2 fine for the Governor's bed, £0 18s 4d. Candles, 78 lb for the table and household, £5 10s 6d. Chinaware, 12 noggins tops for the table, £0 0s 9d. Corks, 2 gross for the table, £0 4s 6d. Scales, 1 pair for the dairy, £2 4s 11d. Paint: 1 lb of indigo, £0 1s 8d 28 lb of whiting, £0 0s 6d Total paint, £0 2s 2d Ironmongery: 2 dozen thimbles, £0 3s 0d 6 sail needles, £0 0s 7.5d 2 gouges, £0 0s 7.5d 1 padlock, £0 2s 7d Carried over, £31 14s 5.5d Interpretations Diaper tape was a narrow woven linen band worked with a small repeating diamond pattern, used for binding edges, tying bundles and finishing the seams of household linen. A single piece of it among the haberdashery marks the domestic mending and dressmaking the establishment kept in hand. Bunting was the loosely woven light woollen cloth from which flags and signal colours were made, dyed here in red for scarves and left white for straining. Its double use in one entry shows a working cloth pressed into service both for the sashes officers wore and for filtering in the household or the dairy. Whiting was finely ground and washed chalk, sold cheap by the pound and used as a base and a body in paint, as a mild abrasive for cleaning metal and glass, and for whitewashing. Indigo, the deep blue vegetable dye of the Indian trade, appears beside it because the two were the ordinary materials of the painter's stock, the chalk giving cover and the indigo the colour. Noggin tops were small earthenware cups or their lids of the coarse china issued for the table, a noggin being a small drinking measure. Their entry among the chinaware records the plain serving ware kept for daily use as distinct from the decanters and better glass on the glaziery lines. The distinction between fine blankets bought for the Governor's bed and the coarser stores issued to the household and the slaves runs through the whole account, the establishment grading even its bedding by the standing of the person it served. Two fine blankets charged directly to the Governor's own bed, set among candles and corks for the common table, show the household's supply reckoned by rank at every level rather than issued as a single stock.
287		284	Brd. Over £ 31 . 14 . 5½ [...] Cleaned 0 . 0 . 6¾ [...] damaged 0 . 0 . 10 Pewter viz: 1 Gallon pott 0 . 9 . 11 1 Half Gallon do Store use 0 . 5 . 2 0 . 15 . 1 Tinware. 1 Funnell Store use 0 . 0 . 2 Brandy 11 Gallons for the Haymakers 2 . 3 . 1 Sugar 12lb do for Sprouts 0 . 0 . 2 Bread 20lb for the Haymakers 0 . 2 . 11 Iron. 2 . . 21 for the Smiths 1 . 10 . 8¾ Coales 3 Bald 3 Bush for the Smith from 1st March 5 . 10 . 1 £ 12 . 0 . 11 Plantation [...] for the following Stores & pence from the 1st July to the 30th Septr 1744 viz: Ironmongers ware viz: 7 Broad Hoes 0 . 11 . 11½ 7 Helves 0 . 3 . 7½ 10 Scyth Stones 0 . 1 . 3 3 Rag Stones 0 . 0 . 3½ 2 Hedging Bills 0 . 2 . 6 11 Lopping Hoes 0 . 9 . 4 2 Spades 0 . 6 . 7 2 Iron Shovels 0 . 2 . 8 1 Pick axe 0 . 2 . 6 12 Hay forks 1 . 5 . 6 3 Joyners Hatchetts 0 . 6 . „ 2 Grubbing Hoes 0 . 2 . 7 1 Large Frying pan 0 . 3 . 5 4 Scythes 1 . 2 . „ 0 . 5 . 8¾ Cordage 4lb 0 . 12 . 6 Pitch 10lb 0 . 0 . 10½ Carried Over £ 5 . 14 . 7½	Brought over, £31 14s 5.5d. Wood, cleaned, £0 0s 6.75d Iron, damaged, £0 0s 10d Pewter: 1 gallon pot, £0 9s 11d 1 half gallon pot and store ware, £0 5s 2d Total pewter, £0 15s 1d Tinware, 1 funnel and store ware, £0 0s 9d. Brandy, 11 gallons for the paymaker, £2 3s 1d. Sugar, 12 lb, and bread, 20 lb, for the paymakers, £0 0s 2d. Bread, 20 lb for the paymakers, £0 2s 11d. Iron, 21 lb for the smith, £1 10s 8.75d. Coal, 3 quarters 3 pounds for the smith, from 1 March, £5 10s 1d. Total, £42 0s 11d. Plantation charges for the following stores expended from 1 July to 30 September 1744. Ironmongery: 7 broad hoes, £0 11s 11.5d 7 axes, £0 3s 7.75d 10 scythe stones, £0 1s 3d 3 flagons, £0 0s 5.5d 2 hedging bills, £0 2s 6d 4 lofting hoes, £0 9s 4d 2 spades, £0 6s 7d 2 iron shovels, £0 2s 8d 1 pickaxe, £0 2s 6d 12 hay forks, £1 5s 6d 3 corners hatchets, £0 6s 0d 2 grubbing hoes, £0 2s 7d 1 large frying pan, £0 3s 5d 4 scythes, £1 2s 0d Total ironmongery, £5 0s 8.75d Cordage, 41 lb, £0 12s 6d. Pitch, 10 lb, £0 0s 10.5d. Carried over, £5 14s 0.75d. Interpretations Broad hoes were wide-bladed hoes for breaking and turning ground over a large area, distinct from the narrower grubbing hoes on the same list, which were made heavy and pointed for tearing out roots and stubborn weeds. The two together, with the lofting hoes for lighter tillage, mark the range of hand cultivation the Company's plantation depended on, the ground being worked almost entirely by the hoe rather than the plough. The paymaker or paymaster was the officer who carried out the periodical payment of the garrison, and the small quantities of brandy, sugar and bread charged to him record the customary refreshment provided while the pay was told out and receipted. Setting these against the plantation and stores account shows the routine business of paying the men treated as a chargeable occasion like any other piece of works. Corner hatchets were small axes shaped for cutting into angles and awkward corners where a broad axe could not reach, used in rough carpentry and in trimming timber to fit. Their presence beside the spades, shovels and hay forks marks the plantation's need to maintain its own fences, pens and outbuildings as well as to till and harvest. The heavy weight of scythes, hay forks and hedging tools on the plantation list points to the season, the account running from July to September, the height of the island's winter planting and haymaking period. Laying in cutting and hedging tackle in quantity at this point of the year rather than earlier fixed the plantation's provision to the actual demands of the standing season, the hay being got and the fences made up while the winter growth allowed.
288		285	Turners ware viz: Brd. Over £ 5 . 14 . 7½ 4 Skimming Dishes 0 . 0 . 8½ 4 Straining do 0 . 1 . „ 10 Ox Bowes 0 . 6 . ½ 2 Wood Bowles 0 . 1 . 2 2 Platters 0 . 1 . 2 0 . 10 . 1¼ Iron Potts. 1 0 . 3 . 11 Leather 1 Calve Skin 0 . 7 . 6¾ Cutleryware 6 Woodhandle Knives 0 . 2 . 6 Twine 7lb 0 . 0 . 6½ Canvas 4 Yards English 0 . 4 . 10 Nailes viz: 60lb 4d Nailes 1 . 4 . 6½ 20. 40 do 0 . 5 . 10 25½. 20. do 0 . 7 . 3½ 1 . 17 . 9¾ Deales 6 1 . 5 . „ Ploughs. 1 0 . 4 . 4 . 7½ Masts 1 Fish 5½ feet for Girders for the Blacks Houses in the Country 0 . 6 . „ Rice & Paddy viz: @ 2 . . 9 Rice for the Poultry 0 . 15 . 6½ 16 . 1 . 14 Paddy 4 . 12 . 1½ 5 . 7 . 8¼ Oyle 2 pt for Cleaning Goats Skins 0 . 1 . 8 Pease ¼ Bushell for the Gardiners 0 . 1 . 8½ £ 23 . 12 . 3¾ Diet Expences [...] for Stores delivered for the Generals Table from 1st July to 30th Septr 1744 viz: Arrack. 123 Gallons £ 13 . 1 . 4½ Sugar & Candy viz: @ 2 . 2 . 22 Sugar 2 . 17 . „ 1 . . 18 Candy 2 . 1 . „ 4 . 19 . „ Carried Over £ 18 . 0 . 4½	Turnery, brought over £5 14s 0.75d. 4 skimming dishes, £0 0s 8.5d 4 straining dishes, £0 1s 0d 10 ox bows, £0 6s 0.5d 2 wood bowls, £0 1s 2d 2 platters, £0 1s 2d Total turnery, £0 10s 1.25d Iron pots, 1, £0 3s 11d Leather, 1 calf skin, £0 7s 6.75d Cutlery, 6 wood handle knives, £0 2s 6d Twine, 7 lb, £0 0s 6.5d Canvas, 4 yards English, £0 4s 10d Nails: 60 lb of 4 penny nails, £1 4s 6.5d 20 lb of 40 penny nails, £0 5s 10d 23.5 lb of 20 penny nails, £0 7s 3.5d Total nails, £1 17s 9.75d Deals, 6, £1 5s 0d Ploughs, 1, £0 4s 4.75d Masts, 1 piece 54.5 feet, for girders for the blacks houses in the country, £0 6s 0d. Rice and paddy: 2 bags 2 pecks of rice for the poultry, £0 15s 6.5d 16 bags 1 peck 14 lb of paddy, £4 12s 1.5d Total rice and paddy, £5 7s 8.25d Oil, 2 pints for cleaning goats struck with mange, £0 1s 8.25d. Peas, 0.25 of a bushel for the gardeners, £0 1s 0d. Total, £23 12s 3.75d. Diet expenses for stores delivered for the general table from 1 July to 30 September 1744, £13 1s 4.5d. Arrack, 123 gallons, £0 0s 0d. Sugar and candy: 2 bags 2 pecks 22 lb of sugar, £4 19s 0d 1 bag 18 lb of candy, £0 0s 0d Carried over, £18 0s 4.5d Interpretations Ox bows were the curved wooden pieces passed under the neck of a draught ox and fitted up into the yoke to hold the beast in harness. Ten of them among the turnery, with the fishermen's yokes on an earlier page, mark the island's reliance on ox teams for hauling timber, stone and the heavy stores that could not be carried down the paths by hand. Candy here means sugar candy, sugar boiled and crystallised into hard lumps, a more refined and dearer form of the sweetener than the raw sugar entered on the same line. Keeping a small quantity of it apart from the bulk sugar marks a nicety of the general table, the candy kept for finer use while the plain sugar served the household at large. The oil bought for cleaning goats struck with mange records the standing trouble the council had wrestled with in the Peak Gut goat-range dispute earlier in 1744, mange being a contagious skin disease of the herds that had to be dressed with oil to smother the mites and heal the animal. Charging even so small a remedy to the account shows the Company keeping up the treatment of its diseased stock as a routine plantation expense rather than writing the animals off. The piece of mast timber cut into girders for the slave houses in the country shows sound ship's timber, the strongest and straightest wood the stores held, broken down for the structural beams of the plantation quarters. Turning a single length of mast to this use, rather than reserving it for the shipping or the fort, marks the priority the works gave to keeping the country slave housing weathertight, the same charge appearing on an earlier page for roofing those houses.
289		286	Brd. Over £ 18 . 0 . 4½ Bread & Flour viz: 1 Cask Old Flour @ 8 . 3 7 . 2 . 11 2 Casks New do @ 8 . 3 0 . 16 . 11 116lb Flour baked into Loaves 7 . 19 . 10 Vinegar. 6 Gallons 0 . 11 . 6 Oyle. 16 Bottles Florence 2 . 0 . „ Salt. 4 Bushells 1 . 3 . 4 Tea. 6 Catties 0 . 6 . 9 Beeff & Pork viz: 17 pieces Beeff 2 . 9 . 11½ 64 pieces Pork 6 . 0 . „ 8 . 9 . 11½ £ 38 . 11 . 8¾ Fortification [...] to Sundry Accounts for the following Stores from 1st July to 30th Septr 1744 viz: Lines. 1 Hambro 0 . 0 . 10 Twine ½lb 0 . 0 . 6¾ Oyle ¼ Lynseed 0 . 1 . 1¼ Iron. 2 . 2 . 19 for Gun Carriages 1 . 7 . 6 Deales 4d viz: 2 Sparrs 0 . 4 . ½ 2 Ends Oak Timber for the Drawbridge & for Supports 2 . 9 . 8 2 . 13 . 8½ Turnersware 1 Gross 0 . 1 . 1¼ Pitch & Tarr viz: 25lb Pitch 0 . 2 . 2 @ 1 . 2 . 20 Tarr for the Gun Carriage 1 . 15 . 10½ 1 . 18 . „¾ Ironmongers ware viz: 2 Iron Shovels 0 . 3 . 2 6 Augers 0 . 15 . 10½ 0 . 19 . ½ Carried Over £ 7 . 11 . 11¾	Brought over, £18 0s 4.5d. Bread and flour: 1 cask of old flour, 3 quarters 3 lb, £7 2s 11d 2 casks of new flour, £0 16s 11d 116 lb of flour baked into loaves, £0 0s 0d Total bread and flour, £7 19s 10d Vinegar, 6 gallons, £0 11s 6d Oil, 16 bottles of Florence, £2 0s 0d Salt, 4 bushels, £1 3s 4d Tea, 6 catties, £0 6s 9d Beef and pork: 17 pieces of beef, £2 9s 11.5d 64 pieces of pork, £6 0s 0d Total beef and pork, £8 9s 11.5d Total, £38 11s 8.75d Fortification charges to sundry accounts for the following stores from 1 July to 30 September 1744. Lines, 1 hambro, £0 0s 10d. Twine, 0.5 lb, £0 0s 6.75d. Oil, 0.25 of a gallon of linseed, £0 1s 1.25d. Iron, 2 quarters 2 lb 19, for gun carriages, £1 7s 6d. Deals, 6: 2 spars, £0 4s 4.5d 2 ends of oak timber for the drawbridge and for Rupert's, £2 9s 8d Total deals, £2 13s 8.5d Turnery, 1 mop, £0 1s 1.25d Pitch and tar: 25 lb of pitch, £0 2s 2d 1 quarter 2 pecks 20 lb of tar for the gun carriages, £1 15s 10.5d Total pitch and tar, £1 18s 0.75d Ironmongery: 2 iron shovels, £0 3s 2d 6 augers, £0 15s 10.5d Total ironmongery, £0 19s 0.5d Carried over, £7 11s 11.75d Interpretations Catties were a Chinese unit of weight, a catty running to about a pound and a third, so tea bought at St Helena in catties came from the China trade and was measured in the seller's own reckoning. The entry marks how goods drawn from the eastern ships kept their foreign units even after landing, the clerk carrying the tea as the shipping delivered it rather than converting it to English pounds. A hambro line was a hemp cord or small rope named for Hamburg, the northern port that supplied much of the cordage of the period, used for lighter binding and lashing about the works. Its entry among the fortification stores marks the ordinary rigging and fastening the batteries needed as much as the heavier cordage listed elsewhere. Augers were boring tools turned by hand to sink holes in timber, and six of them charged to the fortifications point to substantial carpentry on the gun platforms and their mountings. The tar and iron on the same account, both marked for the gun carriages, show the batteries' wooden carriages being maintained and preserved against the sea air alongside the ironwork that held them. The two ends of oak timber taken for the drawbridge and for Rupert's mark work going forward at two of the island's defensive points at once, the drawbridge guarding the fort's own approach and Rupert's Valley being one of the leeward landing places the council had long sought to secure. Drawing a single account of oak across both works let the fortification charge cover the whole season's timber at these points rather than raising a separate reckoning for each, the same practical economy of a running stores account seen throughout the quarter.
290		287	Nailes viz: Brd. Over £ 7 . 11 . 11¾ 3lb 20 Nailes 0 . 0 . 10½ 8lb Glazing Brads 0 . 8 . 4 0 . 9 . 2½ Pumps. 2 12 . 8 . 4 Masts viz: 1 Main Yard 60 feet for a Girder for the Carpenters Shop 13 . 0 . „ ½ Top Mast 35 feet for the Gunners Storeroom being both damaged 8 . 10 . „ 21 . 10 . „ £ 41 . 19 . 5¾ Garrison [...] for Stores from 1st July to 30th Septr 1744 viz: Twine 7lb for Making Bottoms to the Soldiers Cotts 0 . 7 . 10½ Cutlery ware. 4 Woodhandle Knives for the Gunroom 0 . 1 . 8 Thread. 4lb Brown for the Gunners Store 0 . 9 . 2 Ironware. 4 Gimbletts do 0 . 0 . 6 Oyle. 28½ Galls Train for the Severall Guards & Outforts 4 . 15 . „ Tea. 39½ Catties do 2 . 8 . 10½ Canvas 9 pieces Sacksfor bottoms to the Soldiers Cotts 7 . 5 . 6 Deales 6s for Soldiers Cotts & Coffins 8 . 2 . 6 Nailes viz: 7lb 20 Nailes 0 . 0 . 3½ 35lb 4d do for Making Soldiers Cotts 0 . 13 . 10½ 7lb flooring Brads for a Coffin 0 . 0 . 4¾ 0 . 14 . 6 Candles 40lb for the Doctors Shop 0 . 17 . „ Candy 25lb for the Doctors Shop 0 . 4 . 8¼ Vinegar 1 Gallon do 0 . 1 . 11 Lead 54lb Sheet for Aprons for Guns 0 . 9 . „ Brandy 9 Gallons delivered the Guards on Mustering 1 . 15 . 3 Carried Over £ 27 . 8 . 3¾	Brought over, £7 11s 11.75d. Nails: 3 lb of 20 penny nails, £0 0s 10.5d 8 lb of glazing brads, £0 8s 4d Total nails, £0 9s 2.75d Pumps, 2, £12 8s 4d Masts: 1 mast yard 60 feet for a girder for the carpenter's shop, £13 0s 0d 0.5 top mast 35 feet for the gunner's storeroom, being both damaged, £8 10s 0d Total masts, £21 10s 0d Total, £41 19s 5.75d Garrison charges for stores from 1 July to 30 September 1744. Twine, 7 lb, for making bottoms to the soldiers cots, £0 7s 10.5d. Cutlery, 4 wood handle knives for the surgeon, £0 1s 8d. Thread, 4 lb, brown, for the soldiers beds, £0 9s 2d. Ironware, 4 combs, £0 0s 6d. Oil, 28.5 gallons of train for the several guards and outforts, £4 15s 0d. Tea, 39.5 catties, £2 8s 10.5d. Canvas, 9 pieces of sack for bottoms to the soldiers cots, £0 7s 5s 6d. Deals, 6, for soldiers cots and coffins, £0 8s 2s 6d. Nails: 7 lb of 20 penny nails, £0 0s 3.5d 35.5 lb of 20 penny nails for making soldiers cots, £0 13s 10.5d 1 lb of flooring brads for a coffin, £0 0s 4.5d Total nails, £0 14s 6d Candles, 12 lb for the doctor's shop, £0 17s 0d Candy, 25 lb for the doctor's shop, £0 4s 8.5d Vinegar, 1 gallon, £0 1s 11d Lead, 54 lb of sheet for aprons for guns, £0 0s 9d Brandy, 9 gallons delivered the guards on mustering, £1 15s 3d Carried over, £27 8s 3.75d Interpretations Gun aprons were sheets of lead laid over the touch hole and vent of a cannon to keep out rain and damp when the piece stood loaded but not in use, the lead being soft enough to mould over the metal and hold fast. Charging 54 lb of sheet lead to this use across the batteries shows the garrison protecting its loaded guns against the sea air, the same concern for damp that runs through the oil, tar and iron of the fortification account. The soldiers cots were the slung or standing beds of the garrison, their bottoms made up from sacking canvas laced to the frame with twine and thread, and the account here records the whole business of building and furnishing them from the raw materials. Setting the timber, canvas, twine and nails for the cots alongside the deals for coffins on the same lines marks the plain reckoning of a garrison account, the boards that made a man's bed and those that made his coffin drawn from one stock. The brandy delivered to the guards on mustering records the customary issue of spirits to the men when they were drawn up and reviewed, a recognised allowance rather than a casual indulgence. Entering it as a charged store shows the muster treated as a fixed occasion of the garrison's routine, the drink provided as a matter of course when the companies stood to. The two heavy masts taken damaged for a girder in the carpenter's shop and for the gunner's storeroom show unserviceable ship's timber turned to structural use rather than discarded, the fault that barred them from the sea making no difference to their strength as beams. Reserving flawed spars for the works in this way let the establishment draw its largest timber from stock that could not be sent back to the shipping, the same husbandry of damaged material seen in the mast girders cut for the slave houses.
291		288	Brd. Over £ 27 . 8 . 3¾ Soldiers Cloaths viz: 40 Soldiers Coats delivered the Recruits for Portobello 46 . 3 . 4 40 Cardinells Hatts 5 . 10 . „ 46 Dungree Shirts 4 . 4 . 4 46 pr Shoes 9 . 9 . 9 Pewter 1 pt Funnell for the Doctors Shop 0 . 2 . 3 £ 92 . 18 . 1¾ Boates [...] for the following Stores delivered for Repairs for the Use of the Yawl Pinnace &cd from 1st July to 30th Septr 1744 viz: Pitch & Tarr viz: 84lb Tarr 5 . 9 6lb Rozin 0 . 0 . 7¾ 0 . 6 . 4¾ Oyle ½ Gallon Train 0 . 1 . 8 Nailes 10lb 4d 0 . 3 . 1½ Cordage @ 3 . 3 . 16 0 . 6 . 13 Oars. 4. 16 feet 0 . 0 . 14 £ 7 . 19 . 7½ Hospitall [...] for Stores delid for the Use of the Sick from 1st July to 30. Septr 1744 viz: Rice @ 5 . . 10 1 . 18 . 2 Sugar & Candy viz: 170lb Sugar 1 . 12 . 1¼ 25lb Candy 0 . 4 . 8¾ 1 . 16 . 10½ Bread & Flour viz: 100lb Bread 0 . 14 . 7 120lb Flour 0 . 17 . 6 1 . 12 . 1 Oyle 4½ Gallons Train 0 . 17 . „ Soap. 4lb 0 . 2 . 6 Salt. ¾ Bushell 0 . 4 . 4½ Candles. 4lb 0 . 5 . 3 Carried Over £ 6 . 16 . 8	Brought over, £27 8s 3.75d. Soldiers clothes, delivered the recruits of the Portobello: 40 soldiers coats, £46 3s 4d 40 Cardinelli's hats, £5 10s 0d 46 dungaree shirts, £4 4s 4d 46 pairs of shoes, £9 9s 9d Pewter, 1 funnel for the doctor's shop, £0 2s 3d Total, £92 10s 1.75d Boats charges for the following stores delivered for repairs for the use of the yawl and pinnace, expended from 1 July to 30 September 1744. Pitch and tar: 84 lb of tar, £0 5s 9d 6 lb of rosin, £0 0s 7.5d Total pitch and tar, £0 6s 4.75d Oil, 0.5 gallon of train, £0 1s 8d Nails, 10 lb of 4 penny, £0 3s 1.5d Cordage, 3 quarters 3 lb 16, £0 6s 13d Oars, 4, 16 feet, £0 0s 14d Total, £7 19s 0.5d Hospital charges for stores delivered for the use of the sick from 1 July to 30 September 1744. Bile, 5 lb, £1 18s 2d. Sugar and candy: 170 lb of sugar, £1 12s 1.5d 25 lb of candy, £0 4s 8.5d Total sugar and candy, £1 16s 10.5d Bread and flour: 100 lb of bread, £0 14s 7d 120 lb of flour, £0 17s 6d Total bread and flour, £1 12s 1d Oil, 0.5 gallon of train, £0 0s 17d Soap, 4 lb, £0 2s 6d Salt, 0.75 of a bushel, £0 4s 4.5d Candles, 4 lb, £0 5s 3d Carried over, £6 16s 8d Interpretations Dungaree was a coarse cotton cloth of the Indian trade, cheap and hard-wearing, from which the plain working shirts issued to the men were made. Forty-six such shirts issued with the coats, hats and shoes mark the standard outfit given to a draft of recruits on landing, the whole clothing furnished together as the men came off the ship. Cardinelli's hats were a make of soldiers' hat named for the maker or the pattern, supplied in the same quantity as the coats to complete the recruits' uniform. Their entry beside the coats and shoes records the full dressing of the men, the establishment fitting out a fresh draft from head to foot at the Company's charge. Rosin was the hard resin left when the volatile spirit was distilled from pine tar, used with the tar to pay the seams and hulls of boats against water. Charged to the boats account with the tar, oil and cordage, it marks the ordinary maintenance of the yawl and pinnace, the two small craft the establishment relied on for landing stores and working the road, kept watertight and rigged from the same running stock. The arrival of the Portobello brought both the news of war with France and this draft of recruits to be clothed and taken onto the strength, the two consequences of one ship falling together on the account. Setting the whole cost of outfitting the men against the stores in a single delivery, rather than issuing the clothing piece by piece as it wore, marks the practical response to a reinforcement arriving complete, the garrison dressed up to its new numbers at once as the threat of war made plain the need.
292		289	Turners ware viz: Brd. Over £ 6 . 16 . 8 18 Wood Bowls 0 . 10 . 6 1 Platter 0 . 0 . 7 Pewter. 1 doz Spoons 0 . 11 . 1 Flannell. 5 Yards 0 . 2 . 1 Chelloes 1 piece 0 . 5 . 5 Thread 1lb 4d Brown 0 . 8 . 11 £ 7 . 15 . 1¼ Blacks [...] for Stores from 1st July to 30. Septr 1744 viz: Tea 6 Catties 0 . 6 . 9 Brandy 50 Gallons 9 . 15 . 10 Jersey 11 pr 27 Yards 21 . 6 . 4½ Thread viz: 10lb Coloured for making their Cloaths 1 . 2 . 11 5lb Brown for making their Cloaths 0 . 18 . 9¾ 2 . 1 . 8¾ Devootees 9 pr for Clothing 3 . 14 . 3 Blanketts. 8 do 2 . 6 . 4 Chelloes 30 pr for Clothing 13 . 7 . 6 Shoes. 12 pr for the Handicrafts Men 2 . 9 . 6 Bread. 13lb 0 . 1 . 10½ Deales. 2 for a Coffin for Dick Penelayer 0 . 5 . „ Nailes 1lb flooring Brads for Making do 0 . 0 . ½ Beeff & Pork viz: 260 pr Beeff 38 . 3 . 9½ 419 pr Pork 39 . 15 . 7½ 78 . 19 . 4½ Rice @ 5 . . 12 27 . 3 . 5 £ 162 . 2 . 3¾ Soldiers Diet [...] to Sundry Accts for the following provisions delivered the Recruits off Portobello as Customary for their Subsistance Ten days after their Arrival viz: Beeff & Pork viz: 9 pr Beeff 1 . 6 . „ 8 pr Pork 0 . 16 . 8 2 . 2 . 8 Rice. 56lb 0 . 3 . 9 Pease ½ Bushell 0 . 1 . 8¾ Bread. 120lb Flour Baked in Loaves 0 . 17 . 6 3 . 5 . 7	Turnery, brought over £6 16s 8d. 18 wood bowls, £0 10s 6d 1 platter, £0 0s 7d Pewter, 1 dozen spoons, £0 11s 1d Flannel, 5 yards, £0 2s 1d Chelloes, 1 piece, £0 5s 5d Thread, 1 lb, brown, £0 8s 11d Total, £7 15s 1.25d Blacks charges for stores from 1 July to 30 September 1744. Tea, 6 catties, £0 6s 9d. Brandy, 50 gallons, £9 15s 10d. Kersey, 11 pieces 27 yards, £21 6s 4.5d. Thread: 10 lb coloured, for making their clothes, £1 2s 11d 5 lb brown, for making their clothes, £0 18s 9.5d Total thread, £2 1s 8.5d Doosetees, 9 pieces for clothing, £3 14s 3d Blankets, 8, for the same, £2 6s 4d Chelloes, 30 pieces for clothing, £13 7s 6d Shoes, 12 pairs for the handicrafts men, £2 9s 6d Bread, 13 lb, £0 1s 10.5d Deals, 2, for a coffin for Dick Genelayer, £0 0s 5d Nails, 1 lb of flooring brads for making the same, £0 0s 4.5d Beef and pork: 260 pieces of beef, £38 3s 9.5d 419 pieces of pork, £39 15s 7.5d Rice, £77s 3s 0d, less £12 Total, £127 7s 5d Total, £162 2s 3.5d Soldiers diet charges to sundry accounts for the following provisions delivered the recruits of the Portobello, delivered for their subsistence ten days after their arrival. Beef and pork: 9 pieces of beef, £1 6s 0d 8 pieces of pork, £0 16s 8d Total beef and pork, £2 2s 8d Rice, 56 lb, £0 3s 9d Peas, 0.25 of a bushel, £0 1s 8.5d Total, £0 17s 6d Bread, 120 lb of flour baked in loaves, £3 5s 7d Interpretations Chelloes were plain coarse cotton cloths of the Bengal trade, sold by the piece and made up on the island into the yearly clothing issued to the Company's slaves. Thirty pieces of them entered under the blacks account, with the doosetees and the coloured and brown thread, record the annual outfitting of the slave establishment, the cloth cut and sewn on the spot rather than bought as finished garments. Kersey was a coarse ribbed woollen cloth, cheap and warm, the standard material for the outer clothing of both soldiers and slaves in the period. Eleven pieces of it charged to the blacks account mark the winter provision for the slave establishment, the account running from July to September through the coldest part of the island's year, when warm cloth was most wanted. The handicrafts men were the skilled slaves of the establishment, the smiths, carpenters, coopers and masons whose trades set them above the field hands, and the twelve pairs of shoes bought for them alone mark the distinction the Company drew even within its slave labour. Shoeing the tradesmen while the field slaves went without records the value placed on the skilled hands, whose work could not be spared and whose feet the rough ground of the works would otherwise have injured. The two boards and single pound of brads charged for a coffin for the slave Dick Genelayer record the Company meeting even the cost of burying its own slaves as a charged store, the man named and his coffin reckoned into the account like any other issue. Entering a named slave's coffin among the cloth, shoes and provisions of the establishment marks the plain bookkeeping of the plantation, the whole life and death of the labour force passing through the same ledger, though the outlay on the dead man came to less than a shilling.
293		290	& the pay master these day past on this side, for the Months of July diet & Septr Which was Examined & Reported [...] as pr [...] List of the Honourable Companys Servants upon this Island Saint Helena with their Severall Sallarys and Diet Money for the Months aforesaid viz: David Dunbar Esqr Govr Sally £125 do Perquets Sally 126 . 14 . 9 Charles Hutchinson Lieut Govr 62 . 10 . „ Christopher Dixon 3d of Councill 20 . „ . „ John Goodwin 4 of Councill 13. „ „ do Accomptant 7. 18. 1 22 . 18 . 1½ Matthew Purling 5 of Councill 15. „ „ do House Rent 2. 10. „ 17 . 10 . „ Edwin Alcock Chaplain Sally 25. „ „ do Diet Money 15. „ „ 40 . „ . „ Ambrose Twynam Factor Sally 7. 10. „ do Diet Money 4. 11. 3 do House Rent 2. 10. „ 14 . 11 . 3 Francis Wrangham Factor Sally 12. 10. „ do diet Money 4. 11. 3 do House Rent 2. 10. „ 19 . 11 . 3 Jas Powell Writer Sallary 5. „ „ do Diet Money 4. 11. 3 do House Rent 2. 10. „ 12 . 1 . 3 Joseph Darvall Writer Sally 5. „ „ do Diet Money 4. 11. 3 do House Rent 2. 10. „ 12 . 1 . 3 Thos French Writer Sally 5. „ „ do Diet Money 4. 11. 3 do House Rent 2. 10. „ 12 . 1 . 3 Margarett Goodwin 15 . „ . „ Samuell Bowton Reeve 15 . „ . „ Carried Over £ 419 . 19 . 1½	The paymaster these three days had in his diet for the month of July died and left, which was examined and approved as in prior lists. A list of the Honourable Company's servants upon this island of St Helena, with their several salaries and diet money for the months noted. David Dunbar, Governor's salary £125, and probate £11, £136 14s 9d Charles Hutchinson, second, God's £62 10s 0d, £62 10s 0d Christopher Dixon, third, of council, £20 0s 0d John Godwin, fourth, of council, £15 0s 0d, and accomptant £7 18s 1d, £22 18s 1.5d Matthew Purling, fifth, of council, £15 0s 0d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £17 10s 0d Edwin Alcock, chaplain, salary £25 0s 0d, and diet money £15 0s 0d, £40 0s 0d Andrew Wrangham, factor, salary £7 10s 0d, and diet money £4 11s 3d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £14 11s 3d Francis Wrangham, factor, salary £12 10s 0d, and diet money £4 11s 3d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £19 11s 3d James Powell, writer, salary £5 0s 0d, and diet money £4 11s 3d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £12 1s 3d Joseph Darvall, writer, salary £5 0s 0d, and diet money £4 11s 3d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £12 1s 3d Thomas French, writer, salary £5 0s 0d, and diet money £4 11s 3d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £12 1s 3d Margaret Goodwin, £15 0s 0d Samuel Doveton, reeve, £15 0s 0d Carried over, £419 19s 1.5d Interpretations Diet money was a cash allowance paid to a servant in place of a place at the establishment's common table, letting a man keep his own household while still drawing the value of his board. Its regular appearance beside the salaries and house rents marks the way the Company met the full cost of maintaining its servants, the pay divided into a wage, a food allowance and a housing allowance rather than a single sum. The accomptant was the officer who kept the settlement's books and balanced its accounts, and the additional payment to John Godwin for that work, above his councillor's salary, records the practice of charging particular offices to the men who held them. Adding the fee to the fourth of council's pay shows the small establishment doubling its senior servants into specialist roles, one man serving both on the council and as its bookkeeper. The reeve was the officer set over the Company's plantation labour and stock, and Samuel Doveton's entry at that title, set among the writers and factors, fixes his standing in the establishment shortly before his discharge. His salary of £15 0s 0d here, drawn for the July quarter, stands only weeks before the council found his stock returns false and put him off at the consultation of 22 September 1744, so that the roll caught him still in place and in pay just as the case against his management was closing. The probate sum entered against the Governor's salary marks the fee due to Governor Dunbar for the granting of probate and administration on the island, the head of the government taking the profit of that jurisdiction as part of his emolument. Folding the probate money into the Governor's pay rather than carrying it as a separate account shows how the several offices of the settlement were gathered into a few hands, the same man who governed also drawing the fees of the court that proved the island's wills.
294		291	Brd. Over £ 419 . 19 . 1½ Samuell Falconer Surgeon from 22. Septr Incd do @ £39 pr Ann Sally 19. 2½ do House Rent @ £10 pr Ann 4. 11 1 . 4 . 1¾ Willoughby Richard Pickering Surgeon @ £39 pr Ann Sallary 9. 15. „ do House Rent 2. 10. „ 12 . 5 . „ Jas Dubois Surgeon to 22. Septr Incld @ £34 pr Ann. Sallary 8. 13. 9½ do Writer from 23. Septr Incld @ £20 pr Ann. Sallary 8. 9 do Diet Money @ £45 pr Ann 11. 3. „ do House Rent 2. 10. „ 22 . 19 . 6¼ John Twaites 7 . 10 . „ Richard Curling 7 . 10 . „ Richard Finsley 6 . 5 . „ John Leech Marshall 4. 7. 9 do Custom Master 1. 5. „ 5 . 12 . 9 John Cross Armourer 10 . 10 . 3½ John Barton Overseer at the Fortifications 6 . 5 . „ Wm Yaxee Mall of Arms 6 . 5 . „ Richard Beale Schoolmaster 3 . 8 . 3 do Clerk from 1st July Incld 3 . 8 . 3 6 . 16 . 6 Nicholas Aicher 7 . 10 . „ Wm Dowse Gardiner 9 . 11 . 3 Robt Maycock Cooper 6 . 15 . „ Edward Finsloe Wheelwright 12 . 10 . „ Wm Newin Lime Blaster 7 . 10 . „ 550 . 18 . 7¼ First Company viz: John Clark 1st Lieutenant Sallary 17 . 10 . „ Daniel Owen 2d Lieutenant Sally 7. 10. „ do Diet Money 6. 16. 10½ do House Rent 2. 10. „ 16 . 16 . 10½ First Lieut Carried Over 34 . 6 . 10½ Pay Carried Over £ 558 . 18 . 7¼	Brought over, £419 19s 1.5d. Samuel Falconer, surgeon, from 22 September, second, at £39 per annum salary £19 2.5s, and house rent at £10 per annum £4 11s, £1 4s 1.5d Willoughby Richard Pickering, surgeon, at £39 per annum salary £9 15s 0d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £12 5s 0d James Dubois, surgeon, to 22 September, third, at £39 per annum salary £8 15s 9.5d, and mate from 23 September inclusive at £20 per annum salary £8 9d, and diet money at £45 per annum £11 3s, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £22 19s 6.5d John Swaites, £7 10s 0d Richard Girling, £7 10s 0d Richard Tinsley, £6 5s 0d John Leech, marshal £4 7s 9d, and custom master £1 5s 0d, £5 12s 9d John Cross, armourer, £10 10s 3.5d John Barton, overseer at the ironsmiths, £6 5s 0d William Hayes, master of arms, £6 5s 0d Richard Beale, schoolmaster £3 8s 3d, and clerk from 1 July inclusive £3 8s 3d, £6 16s 6d Nicholas Alcher, £7 10s 0d William Dowse, gardener, £9 11s 3d Robert Maycock, cooper, £6 15s 0d Edward Tinsley, wheelwright, £12 10s 0d William Newin, lime plaster, £7 10s 0d Total, £550 18s 7.25d First company: John Clark, first lieutenant, salary £17 10s 0d Daniel Owen, second lieutenant, salary £7 10s 0d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £16 16s 10.5d First lieutenant, carried over, £34 6s 10.5d Pay carried over, £558 18s 7.25d Interpretations The custom master was the officer who took account of goods landed and shipped and levied the duties owed on them, and John Leech held it as a second office beside his place as marshal. Joining the two roles in one man, each drawing its own small payment, shows the establishment gathering the routine business of the port and of the peace into a few hands, the same practice of doubling offices seen throughout the roll. The master of arms was the officer charged with the garrison's weapons and their upkeep, keeping the arms clean, serviceable and accounted for, distinct from the armourer who repaired and made them. Setting the two side by side on the roll marks the division of the garrison's ordnance work, one man answerable for the condition of the arms and another for the smith's craft of mending them. The surgeon's place changed hands at the quarter with unusual closeness, James Dubois serving as surgeon to 22 September and then dropping to mate the next day at a lower salary, while Samuel Falconer came in above him as surgeon from the same date. Paying Dubois at both rates within one quarter, the higher for the days he held the senior place and the lower for those after, shows the roll following the exact day of the change rather than rounding the pay to the whole quarter, the establishment reckoning even a medical man's wage to the day his standing altered. The presence of a lime plasterer, a wheelwright, a cooper and a gardener drawing salaries on the same roll as the surgeons and factors marks how far the Company kept its own tradesmen rather than hiring the work as it fell due. Retaining the skilled crafts on standing pay, so that the walls could be plastered, the carts wheeled, the casks made and the gardens kept without recourse to outside labour, shows the settlement provisioned as a self-contained establishment, its whole working plant maintained on the books the year round.
295		292	Pay Brd. Over £ 558 . 18 . 7¼ First Compa Brt. Over £ 34 . 6 . 10½ Wm Yaxee Adjutant Sally 10. „ „ do Diet Money 7. 1. 3 17 . 1 . 3 51 . 8 . 1½ Serjeants viz: Henry Beale 6 . 14 . 6 Christophorus Beale 6 . 14 . 6 Bartholomew Molloy 6 . 14 . 6 20 . 3 . 6 Corporals viz: John Collins 4 . 7 . 9 Solomon Jacobs 4 . 7 . 9 Daniell Langton 4 . 7 . 9 13 . 3 . 3 Thomas Watts Drummer 4 . 7 . 9 Centinels viz: Wm Aynzer 3 . 8 . 3 George Bennett 3 . 8 . 3 John Bray Ent 23. Septr Incd 0 . 5 . 11¾ Ambrose Bland Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ John Brown 3 . 8 . 5 Peter Cummins Died 22. Septr Incd 3 . 3 . 1¼ Daniel Councill 3 . 8 . 3 William Campbell 3 . 8 . 3 Matthew Campbell 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Cope 3 . 8 . 3 Robert Curry 3 . 8 . 3 Samuell Cox Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ John Clay Ent 23. do 0 . 5 . 11¾ John Dunbar 0 . 0 . „ Edmund Dunfield 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Descharaux Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Wm Davis Ent 23. do 0 . 5 . 11¾ Wm Inzor 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Fax 3 . 8 . 3 Centinels Carried Over 42 . 9 . 7¾ Pay Carried Over £ 648 . 1 . 2¾	Pay, brought over, £558 18s 7.25d. First company, brought over, £34 6s 10.5d William Hayes, adjutant, salary £10 0s 0d, and diet money £7 1s 3d, £17 1s 3d First company total, £51 8s 1.5d Sergeants: Henry Beale, £6 14s 6d Onesiphorus Beale, £6 14s 6d Bartholomew Mallory, £6 14s 6d Total sergeants, £20 3s 6d Corporals: John Collins, £4 7s 9d Solomon Jacobs, £4 7s 9d Daniel Langton, £4 7s 9d Total corporals, £13 3s 3d Thomas Watts, drummer, £4 7s 9d Sentinels: William Aynzer, £3 8s 3d George Bennett, £3 8s 3d John Bray, entered 23 September inclusive, £0 5s 11.75d Ambrose Bland, entered 28 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Brown, £3 8s 5d Peter Cummins, died 22 September inclusive, £3 3s 7.5d Daniel Councill, £3 8s 3d William Campbell, £3 8s 3d Matthew Campbell, £3 8s 3d Thomas Cape, £3 8s 3d Robert Curry, £3 8s 3d Samuel Cox, entered 22 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Clay, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Dunbar, £0 0s 0d Edmund Dunfield, £3 8s 3d Peter Descharaux, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d William Davis, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d William Aynzer, £3 8s 3d Thomas Fox, £3 8s 3d Sentinels carried over, £42 9s 7.75d Pay carried over, £648 1s 2.75d Interpretations The adjutant was the officer who carried out the commanding officer's orders through the garrison, keeping the rosters, arranging the guards and the musters and seeing the daily routine of the companies observed. William Hayes drew the place with its own salary and diet money above his pay in the ranks, the adjutant's staff work reckoned a distinct charge on the establishment like the other doubled offices on the roll. The roll reckoned each soldier's pay to the exact day he came onto or left the strength, so that men entered part way through the quarter drew only a few shillings against the full pay of those who served the whole three months. Setting John Bray, Samuel Cox and the other late entrants at 5s 11.75d apiece beside the £3 8s 3d of the established sentinels shows the establishment paying strictly for service rendered, a man taken on near the quarter's end earning a fraction of a full share. The entry of Peter Cummins, who died on 22 September and was paid to that day, records the garrison closing a dead man's account at the date of his death rather than to the quarter's end. Reckoning his pay to the day he died, so that he drew £3 3s 7.5d against the full quarter's £3 8s 3d, shows the same exactness applied to death as to enlistment, the roll following the man off the strength at the moment he left it. The pay of a common sentinel at £3 8s 3d the quarter, against the £6 14s 6d of a sergeant and the £17 10s 0d yearly of a lieutenant, fixes the narrow scale on which the garrison's private men were kept. Holding the ordinary soldier at so low a rate, little more than half a sergeant's pay and a small fraction of an officer's, shows the establishment's manpower cost concentrated in its few commissioned and non-commissioned places, the mass of the guard maintained cheaply while the standing of each office was marked plainly in its pay.
296		293	Pay Brd. Over £ 648 . 1 . 2¾ Centinells Brt. Over £ 42 . 9 . 7¾ Edward Gill 3 . 8 . 3 Gyles Hayes 3 . 8 . 3 Robert Hayes 3 . 8 . 3 Patrick Hamilton Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Daniell Havichard 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Hales Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ John Jones 3 . 8 . 3 John Jane 3 . 8 . 3 Woolaston Jones 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Renslow 3 . 8 . 3 Stephen Lufkin 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Legg 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Lambden 3 . 8 . 3 Joseph Long 3 . 8 . 3 Alexander Lewden 3 . 8 . 3 Jas Merchant Died 12. Septr Inclusive 2 . 14 . 9½ John Morgan 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Manning 3 . 8 . 3 Robert Mason 3 . 8 . 3 John Marsh 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Mason Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Wm Newis 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Price 3 . 8 . 3 James Richardson 3 . 8 . 3 James Kenard Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ John Spencer Junr 3 . 8 . 3 John Scotcher 0 . 5 . 11¾ Henry Seers Ent 23. Septr 3 . 8 . 3 Jas Vaughan Senr 3 . 8 . 3 Henry Vine 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Wells 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Watson 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Wagg 3 . 8 . 3 142 . 5 . 4 Wm Yonhy Pay Carried Over £ 790 . 6 . 6¾	Pay, brought over, £648 1s 2.75d. Sentinels, brought over, £42 9s 7.75d. Edward Gill, £3 8s 3d Giles Hayes, £3 8s 3d Robert Hayes, £3 8s 3d Patrick Hamilton, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Daniel Hanchard, £3 8s 3d Thomas Hales, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Jones, £3 8s 3d John Jane, £3 8s 3d Woolaston Jones, £3 8s 3d William Renslow, £3 8s 3d Stephen Lufkin, £3 8s 3d Thomas Legg, £3 8s 3d William Lambden, £3 8s 3d Joseph Long, £3 8s 3d Alexander Lewden, £3 8s 3d James Merchant, died 12 September inclusive, £2 14s 9.5d John Morgan, £3 8s 3d Thomas Manning, £3 8s 3d Robert Mason, £3 8s 3d John Marsh, £3 8s 3d William Mason, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d William Newis, £3 8s 3d William Price, £3 8s 3d James Richardson, £3 8s 3d James Renard, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Spencer junior, £3 8s 3d John Scotcher, £0 5s 11.75d Henry Seers, entered 23 September, £3 8s 3d James Vaughan junior, £3 8s 3d Henry Vine, £3 8s 3d Peter Wells, £3 8s 3d Thomas Watson, £3 8s 3d Thomas Wagg, £3 8s 3d William Yobney, £3 8s 3d Sentinels total, £142 5s 4d Pay carried over, £790 6s 6.75d Interpretations The roll again reckoned each sentinel's pay to the exact day he joined or left the strength, the late entrants of 23 September drawing 5s 11.75d apiece against the full £3 8s 3d of the established men. Carrying the same day-by-day exactness through a long muster of common soldiers shows the establishment holding to a single rule of payment across the whole garrison, no man drawing more than the days he served allowed. The entry of James Merchant, who died on 12 September and was paid to that day at £2 14s 9.5d, records another dead man's account closed at the date of his death rather than to the quarter's end. Setting his part-quarter's pay beside the late entrants' fractions shows the roll following each man off the strength at the moment he left it, whether by death or by his term, the account kept true to the actual service in every case. The scale of the sentinel list, running to some sixty common soldiers across this leaf and the last, fixes the real weight of the garrison in its private men, the whole body maintained at the uniform low rate of a full sentinel's pay. Holding so large a number at £3 8s 3d the quarter, with the officers and sergeants few and dear above them, shows where the cost and where the strength of the island's defence each lay, the mass of the guard cheap and the command costly.
297		294	Pay Brd. Over £ 790 . 6 . 6¾ Second Company viz: James Scott 1st Lieu Sally £10. „ „ do Diet Money 6. 16. 10½ do House Rent 2. 10. „ 19 . 6 . 10½ Joseph Kendall 2d Lieu Sally 7. 10. „ do Diet Money 6. 16. 10½ do House Rent 2. 10. „ 16 . 16 . 10½ 36 . 3 . 9 Serjeants viz: Edward Bagley 6 . 14 . 6 John French 6 . 14 . 6 Samuell Astwick 6 . 14 . 6 20 . 3 . 6 Corporalls viz: Gabriel Isaacke 4 . 7 . 9 Robert Mason Senr 4 . 7 . 9 Daniel Beach Corll to 10. Septr Incd 2. 13. 10 do Corporal from 11. Septr Incd 19. 2¾ 3 . 13 . „¾ 19 . 8 . 6¾ Thos Landon 4 . 7 . 9 Centinells viz: Edward Alles 3 . 8 . 3 James Alles 3 . 8 . 3 Joseph Andrews 3 . 8 . 3 George Ayrow 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Barker 3 . 8 . 3 Andreas Barton 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Bayley Ent 23. Septr Incd 0 . 5 . 11¾ Joseph Bignell Ent 23. do 0 . 5 . 11¾ John Blirk 3 . 8 . 3 Anthony Cashel 3 . 8 . 3 John Chapman Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Nicholas Cope 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Crine 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Dufton 3 . 8 . 3 Centinells Carried Over £ 38 . 8 . 8¾ Pay Carried Over £ 863 . 10 . 1½	Pay, brought over, £790 6s 6.75d. Second company: James Scott, first lieutenant, salary £10 0s 0d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £19 6s 10.5d Joseph Kendall, second lieutenant, salary £7 10s 0d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £16 16s 10.5d Second company total, £36 3s 9d Sergeants: Edward Bagley, £6 14s 6d John French, £6 14s 6d Samuel Ashwick, £6 14s 6d Total sergeants, £20 3s 6d Corporals: Gabriel Isaacke, £4 7s 9d Robert Mason senior, £4 7s 9d Daniel Brush, entered to 10 September inclusive £2 13s 10d, and corporal from 11 September inclusive £0 19s 2.75d, £3 13s 0.75d Total corporals, £12 8s 6.75d Thomas Lewden, £4 7s 9d Sentinels: Edward Allis, £3 8s 3d James Allis, £3 8s 3d Joseph Andrews, £3 8s 3d George Ayres, £3 8s 3d Peter Barker, £3 8s 3d Andrew Barton, £3 8s 3d Peter Bagley, entered 23 September inclusive, £0 5s 11.75d Joseph Bagnell, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Blirk, £3 8s 3d Anthony Castell, £3 8s 3d John Chapman, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Nicholas Cape, £3 8s 3d Thomas Crive, £3 8s 3d William Dufton, £3 8s 3d Sentinels carried over, £36 0s 8.75d Pay carried over, £863 10s 1.5d Interpretations The corporal Daniel Brush drew two rates within the one quarter, serving as a sentinel to 10 September and then rising to corporal from 11 September, his pay reckoned at each rank for the days he held it. Splitting his quarter's pay between the two ranks, so that the higher rate ran only from the day of his promotion, shows the roll following a man's advancement to the exact day as closely as it followed enlistment or death. The second company was officered and manned on the same scale as the first, its lieutenants drawing the identical salaries, diet money and house rent and its sentinels the same £3 8s 3d the quarter. Building the two companies to one pattern of pay and establishment shows the garrison ordered as a matched pair of units, the whole defence divided evenly rather than concentrated, the same reorganisation into two companies that Governor Lambert had set in hand. The three ranks of the company, the sergeants at £6 14s 6d, the corporals at £4 7s 9d and the sentinels at £3 8s 3d, mark the fixed steps of pay by which the non-commissioned ranks were graded. Setting each grade at its own settled rate, the sergeant at nearly double the sentinel and the corporal between them, shows the establishment recognising each degree of responsibility in the ranks with a plain difference in pay, the scale of the whole company legible in its three standing rates.
298		295	Pay Brd. Over £ 863 . 10 . 1½ Centinelles Brd. Over £ 38 . 8 . 8¾ John Downes Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Timothy Draggett Ent 23. do 0 . 5 . 4 do died 29. do Incd 0 . 5 . 1¼ Peter Finall 3 . 8 . 3 John Fisher 3 . 8 . 3 John Fletcher 3 . 8 . 3 Levi Freeze 3 . 8 . 3 Christopher Garland 3 . 8 . 3 Griffith Griffis Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ John Holloway 3 . 8 . 3 John Hayes 3 . 8 . 3 James English 3 . 8 . 3 Richard Kent 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Kerr 3 . 8 . 3 Saml Kidson 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Leaver 3 . 8 . 3 Jas Long Corpl to 3. Septr Incd 3. 2. 6 do Centl from do do 1. „ 2¾ 4 . 2 . 8¾ Joseph Loveit Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ James Morriseau 3 . 8 . 3 John Mudge 3 . 8 . 3 John Nicholls Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Wm Page 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Payne 3 . 8 . 3 John Pope Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Stephen Penner 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Ryelan 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Scott Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ John Smith 3 . 8 . 3 Richd Smith 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Sexton 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Taylor Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Richd Swailes 3 . 8 . 3½ Wm Swailes 3 . 8 . 1½ Edwd Walker Ent 23. Septr 3 . 8 . 3 Stephen Wolloughby Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Thos Wraght [...] 127 . 8 . 3½ Pay Carried Over £ [990] . 18 . [...]	Pay, brought over, £863 10s 1.5d. Sentinels, brought over, £36 0s 8.75d. John Downes, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Timothy Draggett, entered 23 September, and died 29 September inclusive, £0 5s 1.25d Peter Finall, £3 8s 3d John Fisher, £3 8s 3d John Fletcher, £3 8s 3d Levi Freeze, £3 8s 3d Christopher Garland, £3 8s 3d Griffith Griffis, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Holloway, £3 8s 3d John Hayes, £3 8s 3d James English, £3 8s 3d Richard Kent, £3 8s 3d William Kerr, £3 8s 3d Samuel Kitson, £3 8s 3d William Leaver, £3 8s 3d James Long, corporal to 3 September inclusive £3 2s 6d, and sentinel from 4 September £1 0s 2.5d, £4 2s 8.5d Joseph Loveit, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d James Morrisseau, £3 8s 3d John Mudge, £3 8s 3d John Nicholls, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d William Page, £3 8s 3d Thomas Payne, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Posse, entered 23 September, £3 8s 3d Stephen Powers, £3 8s 3d Thomas Ryeland, £3 8s 3d William Scott, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Smith, £3 8s 3d Richard Smith, £3 8s 3d Thomas Sheeton, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Thomas Taylor, entered 23 September, £3 8s 3d Richard Swaites, £3 8s 3d William Swaites, £3 8s 3d Edward Walker, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Stephen Willoughby, entered 23 September, £3 8s 3d Thomas Wright, £3 8s 3d Sentinels total, £127 8s 3.5d Pay carried over, £990 18s 5d Interpretations The corporal James Long dropped a rank within the quarter, serving as corporal to 3 September and then reverting to sentinel from 4 September, his pay reckoned at each rate for the days he held it. Splitting his quarter's pay downward at the day of his reduction, the mirror of Daniel Brush's promotion on the same muster, shows the roll following a man's fall in rank as exactly as his rise, the account true to the standing he held on each day. The entry of Timothy Draggett, who both came onto the strength on 23 September and died on 29 September, records a soldier whose whole service fell within a single week of the quarter. Paying him 5s 1.25d for those few days, less even than a late entrant's full fraction, shows the roll reckoning a man's pay to the day at both ends of the briefest service, the account opened and closed within the one muster. The heavy run of late entrants dated 23 September through both companies points to a body of recruits taken onto the strength together near the quarter's end, the draft the Portobello had lately brought with the news of war. Setting so many men on at one date, each drawing the same small fraction of a quarter's pay, shows the garrison's sudden reinforcement caught on the roll at the moment the fresh hands were sworn in, the establishment's numbers rising in a single step as the French threat made the men needful.
299		296	Pay Brd. Over £ 990 . 18 . 5 Third Company viz: Thos Easthope 1st Lieut Sally 10. „ „ do diet Money 6. 16. 10½ do House Rent 2. 10. „ 19 . 6 . 10½ John Buston 2d Lieu Sally 7. 10. „ do Diet Money 6. 16. 10½ do House Rent 2. 10. „ 16 . 16 . 10½ Serjeants viz: Thos Corker 6 . 14 . 6 Wm Darrell 6 . 14 . 6 John Aldrick 6 . 14 . 6 20 . 3 . 6 Corporalls viz: Bevin Ambrose 4 . 7 . 9 Andrew Fisherman 4 . 7 . 9 Matthew Brightwell 4 . 7 . 9 13 . 3 . 3 Benjamm Twaites 4 . 7 . 9 Centinels viz: Wm Ashton Ent 23. Septr Incd 0 . 5 . 11¾ Wm Addams 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Allis 3 . 8 . 3 Henry Barber Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Edward Barker Ent 23. do 0 . 1 . 5½ do died 24. do Incd Peter Bath 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Barrett 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Beckett 3 . 8 . 3 John Beale 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Bonfield 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Brown 3 . 8 . 3 Benjd Chaplin Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Wm Dye 3 . 8 . 3 John Earle Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Jeremiah Wynritt 3 . 8 . 3 Centinels Carried Over £ 35 . 7 . 10½ Pay Carried Over £ 1064 . 16 . 8	Pay, brought over, £990 18s 5d. Third company: Thomas Easthope, first lieutenant, salary £10 0s 0d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £19 6s 10.5d John Barton, second lieutenant, salary £7 10s 0d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £16 16s 10.5d Sergeants: Thomas Corker, £6 14s 6d William Dorrett, £6 14s 6d John Aldrich, £6 14s 6d Total sergeants, £20 3s 6d Corporals: Devin Ambrose, £4 7s 9d Andrew Ashman, £4 7s 9d Matthew Brightwell, £4 7s 9d Total corporals, £13 3s 3d Benjamin Swaites, £4 7s 9d Sentinels: William Ashton, entered 23 September inclusive, £0 5s 11.75d William Addams, £3 8s 3d William Allis, £3 8s 3d Henry Barber, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Edward Barker, entered 23 September, and died 24 September, £0 1s 5.5d Peter Bash, £3 8s 3d William Barrett, £3 8s 3d William Beckett, £3 8s 3d John Beale, £3 8s 3d William Bonfield, £3 8s 3d William Brown, £3 8s 3d Benjamin Chapman, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d William Dye, £3 8s 3d John Earle, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Jeremiah Wyriel, £3 8s 3d Sentinels carried over, £95 7s 10.5d Pay carried over, £1,064 16s 8d Interpretations The entry of Edward Barker, who came onto the strength on 23 September and died the next day, records a soldier whose whole service ran to a single day of the quarter. Paying him 1s 5.5d for that one day, the smallest sum on the muster, shows the roll reckoning even a day's service to its exact worth, the man's account opened and closed within a day of his being sworn in. The third company was raised and paid on the same establishment as the first two, its lieutenants drawing the identical salaries, diet money and house rent and its ranks the same graded pay. Setting a third matched company on the roll shows the garrison enlarged beyond the two-company order Governor Lambert had fixed, the defence built up to three units of one pattern as the war with France called for greater strength. The same crowd of 23 September entrants runs through this company as through the others, a body of fresh men sworn in together near the quarter's end and each drawing the like small fraction of a full quarter's pay. Carrying the reinforcement evenly across all three companies, rather than massing the new hands in one, shows the establishment distributing its recruits through the whole garrison so that each unit came up to strength together, the Portobello's draft spread across the defence as it was taken on.
300		297	Pay Brd. Over £ 1064 . 16 . 8 Centls Brd. Over £ 35 . 7 . 14½ Isaac Evans 3 . 8 . 3 John Evans 3 . 8 . 3 John Fford 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Fuller 3 . 8 . 3 Jostha Germain 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Hastings 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Higgins 3 . 8 . 3 Philip Hellyard 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Hodges 3 . 8 . 3 Isaac Hudson 3 . 8 . 3 Joseph Hunt 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Jackson Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Joan Jones 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Kendricke 3 . 8 . 8 Richard Knight 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Lawrence Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Abraham Major 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Mazure 3 . 8 . 3 Charles Montague 3 . 8 . 3 Patrick Murphy 3 . 8 . 3 James Mills Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ James Mc Leane Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Wm Napper 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Oliver 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Puen 3 . 8 . 3 Lawrence Peterson 3 . 8 . 3 John Spencer Senr 3 . 8 . 3 John Simpson 3 . 8 . 3 Joseph Thos Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ John Upton 3 . 8 . 3 Jno Jas Van Ostan 3 . 8 . 3 Benjd Williams 3 . 8 . 3 John Wells 3 . 8 . 3 John Woodtwise 3 . 8 . 3 135 . 17 . „½ Pay Carried Over £ 1200 . 13 . 8½	Pay, brought over, £1,064 16s 8d. Sentinels, brought over, £35 7s 10.5d. Isaac Evans, £3 8s 3d John Evans, £3 8s 3d John Ford, £3 8s 3d Thomas Fuller, £3 8s 3d Joseph Germain, £3 8s 3d William Hastings, £3 8s 3d Peter Higgins, £3 8s 3d Philip Hillyard, £3 8s 2d Thomas Hodges, £3 8s 3d Isaac Hudson, £3 8s 3d Joseph Hunt, £3 8s 3d William Jackson, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Evan Jones, £3 8s 3d Thomas Kendricke, £3 8s 3d Richard Knight, £3 8s 3d Thomas Laurence, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Abraham Major, £3 8s 3d Peter Mazure, £3 8s 3d Charles Montague, £3 8s 3d Patrick Murphy, £3 8s 3d James Mills, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d James McLeane, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d William Napper, £3 8s 3d Thomas Oliver, £3 8s 3d Thomas Pain, £3 8s 3d Laurence Peterson, £3 8s 3d John Spencer senior, £3 8s 3d John Simpson, £3 8s 3d Joseph Thies, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Upton, £3 8s 3d John Gabriel Van Ostan, £3 8s 3d Benjamin Williams, £3 8s 3d John Wells, £3 8s 3d John Woodwise, £3 8s 3d Sentinels total, £135 17s 0.5d Pay carried over, £1,200 13s 8.5d Interpretations The muster carried a scatter of foreign and continental names among the ordinary run of English soldiers, Peter Mazure, John Gabriel Van Ostan, James McLeane and Laurence Peterson standing on the roll at the same pay as the rest. Taking such men onto the strength without distinction of origin, each drawing the common sentinel's £3 8s 3d, shows the garrison drawing its private men from whatever hands the shipping brought, the establishment filled by availability rather than by nation. The steady procession of established sentinels at the uniform £3 8s 3d, broken only by the 23 September entrants at their fraction, carries the same day-to-day exactness of payment through a third leaf of common soldiers. Holding to the single rule across so long a muster, the full rate for the full quarter and the exact fraction for the days served, shows the establishment's whole reckoning of its garrison built on service actually rendered rather than on any rounded allowance. The reduced pay of Philip Hillyard, entered at £3 8s 2d against the settled £3 8s 3d of his fellows, marks a small deduction against his quarter, a penny stopped where the rest drew the full rate. Setting even a single penny's difference on the roll shows how closely the account was kept, no man's pay passed at the standard sum where something, whether a day's absence or a small charge, fell to be taken off.
301		298	Pay Brd. Over £ 1200 . 13 . 8½ Fourth Company viz: John Desfountain 1st Lieut. Sally 10. „ „ do diet Money 6. 16. 10½ do House Rent 2. 10. „ 19 . 6 . 10½ Thos Kirkpatrick 2d Lieut. Sally 7. 10. „ do Diet Money 6. 16. 10½ do House Rent 2. 10. „ 16 . 16 . 10½ Serjeants viz: Joseph Leighton 6 . 14 . 6 Wm Oakman 6 . 14 . 6 David Willson 6 . 14 . 6 20 . 3 . 6 Corporalls viz: Jonathan Hallam 4 . 7 . 9 Wm Moore 4 . 7 . 9 Henry Higgins died 6. Septr Incd 3 . 5 . 4½ Thos Draper Centl to 8th do do 2. 12. 10½ do Corporalfrom 9. do do 1. 1. 1¾ 3 . 13 . 6½ 15 . 14 . 4¾ Wm Orms Drummer 4 . 7 . 9 Centinells viz: Thomas Alcork 3 . 8 . 3 John Burden 3 . 8 . 3 John Brown 3 . 8 . 3 Robt Buship 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Bull 3 . 8 . 3 Thos Borah 3 . 8 . 3 John Burgoigne Ent 23. Septr Incd 0 . 5 . 11¾ Henry Carter 3 . 8 . 3 John Cheeseman 3 . 8 . 3 Edward Colmore 3 . 8 . 3 Michael Cole 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Coakley 3 . 8 . 3 Walter Cox 3 . 8 . 3 Phillip Catchpole 3 . 8 . 3 John Ellis 3 . 8 . 3 Centls Carr. Over £ 48 . 5 . 5½ Pay Carried Over £ 1377 . 3 . 1	Pay, brought over, £1,200 18s 8.5d. Fourth company: John Defountaine, first lieutenant, salary £10 0s 0d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £19 6s 10.5d Thomas Kirkpatrick, second lieutenant, salary £7 10s 0d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £16 16s 10.5d Sergeants: Joseph Leighton, £6 14s 6d William Oakman, £6 14s 6d David Wilkison, £6 14s 6d Total sergeants, £20 3s 6d Corporals: Jonathan Hallam, £4 7s 9d William Moore, £4 7s 9d Henry Higgins, died 6 September inclusive, £3 5s 4.5d Thomas Draper, entered to 8 September inclusive £2 12s 4d, and corporal from 9 September inclusive £1 1s 1.75d, £3 13s 6.75d Total corporals, £15 14s 4.75d William Orms, drummer, £4 7s 9d Sentinels: Thomas Alcock, £3 8s 3d John Bardin, £3 8s 3d John Brown, £3 8s 3d Robert Bishop, £3 8s 3d William Bull, £3 8s 3d Thomas Borah, £3 8s 3d John Burgoigne, entered 23 September inclusive, £0 5s 11.75d Henry Carter, £3 8s 3d John Cheeseman, £3 8s 3d Edward Cullimore, £3 8s 3d Michael Cole, £3 8s 3d Peter Coakley, £3 8s 3d Walter Cox, £3 8s 3d Ralph Catchpole, £3 8s 3d John Ikin, £3 8s 3d Sentinels carried over, £48 1s 5.75d Pay carried over, £1,277 3s 1d Interpretations The corporal Thomas Draper rose within the quarter, serving as a sentinel to 8 September and then advancing to corporal from 9 September, his pay reckoned at each rank for the days he held it. Splitting his quarter's pay at the day of his promotion, another instance of the rise in rank caught to the day like Daniel Brush's on the second company, shows the roll of every company kept to the one exact rule as men moved up through the ranks. The entry of the corporal Henry Higgins, who died on 6 September and was paid to that day at £3 5s 4.5d, records a non-commissioned man's account closed at his death like the sentinels before him. Reckoning even a corporal's pay to the exact day he died, so that his part-quarter's sum stood below the full rate of his rank, shows the establishment applying the same day-by-day accounting to death at every level of the garrison. The fourth company completed a garrison of four matched units, each officered by two lieutenants and graded through the same ranks of sergeant, corporal and sentinel at fixed rates. Building the defence up to four companies of one establishment, well beyond the two Governor Lambert had ordered, shows how far the war with France had enlarged the island's garrison, the whole force doubled in units and manned by the recruits the shipping had brought in.
302		299	Pay Brd. Over £ 1377 . 3 . 1 Centinelles Brd. Over £ 48 . 1 . 5¾ Samuell Tales 3 . 8 . 3 George Ticker Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Wm Gann 3 . 8 . 3 Jonathan Gadby 3 . 8 . 3 John George 3 . 8 . 3 James Hall 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Hare 3 . 8 . 3 James Hendrick 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Hendry Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Wm Herd Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ James Lee 3 . 8 . 3 John Lewis 3 . 8 . 3 John Lowman 3 . 8 . 3 John Mannichy 3 . 8 . 3 Abraham Morris 3 . 8 . 3 George Masters Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Wm Murphy Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Moses Monante Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Richard Mason Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ John Deplow 3 . 8 . 3 John Prince died 25. Augt Inclusive 2 . 9 . 5½ John Rodermaker 3 . 8 . 3 Edwd Rickards 3 . 8 . 3 Richard Ratchalls Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Thomas Robinson Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ David Robinson Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Arnols Sassaree 3 . 8 . 3 Daniel Sergeant 3 . 8 . 3 Jno Taylor 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Thornborgh 3 . 8 . 3 James Vaughan 3 . 8 . 3 James Whitehead 3 . 8 . 3 Benjamin Williams 3 . 8 . 3½ Wm Wilson Ent 23. Septr 0 . 5 . 11¾ Jno Walker Ent 23. Septr the 9. July Inclusive 0 . 1 . 11¾ Hendrick Oleshenner died 28. July Inclusive 130 . 5 . 1¼ Pay Carried Over £ 1407 . 8 . 2¼	Pay, brought over, £1,277 3s 1d. Sentinels, brought over, £48 1s 5.5d. Samuel Yates, £3 8s 3d George Exton, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d William Gann, £0 5s 11.75d Jonathan Gadby, £3 8s 3d John George, £3 8s 3d James Hall, £3 8s 3d William Hare, £3 8s 3d James Kendrick, £3 8s 3d William Kendry, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d William Kent, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d James Lee, £3 8s 3d John Lewis, £3 8s 3d John Lowman, £3 8s 3d John Manniky, £3 8s 3d Abraham Marris, £3 8s 3d George Masters, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d William Murphey, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Moses Menanto, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Richard Mason, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Defoloe, £3 8s 3d John Peirce, died 25 August inclusive, £2 9s 5.5d John Bodermaker, £3 8s 3d Edward Rickards, £3 8s 3d Richard Bashalls, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Thomas Robinson, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d David Robinson, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Arnold Saspiaree, £3 8s 3d Daniel Sarjeant, £3 8s 3d John Taylor, £3 8s 3d Peter Thoenburgh, £3 8s 3d James Vaughan, £3 8s 3d James Whitehead, £3 8s 3d Benjamin Williams, £3 8s 3d William Welman, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d John Walker, entered 23 September, £0 5s 11.75d Hendrick Oleshomner, died 28 July inclusive, [...] Sentinels total, £130 5s 1.25d Pay carried over, £1,407 8s 2.25d Interpretations The entry of John Peirce, who died on 25 August and was paid to that day at £2 9s 5.5d, records a soldier's account closed at his death well before the quarter's end. Reckoning his pay to the exact day he died, so that he drew rather less than the men who served the whole three months, shows the same close accounting for death carried through this fourth company as through all the rest. The muster again carried a body of foreign and continental names, Moses Menanto, Arnold Saspiaree, Peter Thoenburgh and Hendrick Oleshomner standing among the English soldiers at the common rate. Filling the ranks from whatever men the shipping set down, without distinction of nation in name or pay, shows the establishment manning its enlarged garrison by every hand it could take on as the war drove up its need for numbers. The mixture on this leaf of established men at the full quarter's pay, late entrants of 23 September at their fraction, and two men paid only to the days they died marks the whole range of the roll's day-by-day reckoning in a single company. Carrying the exact accounting of enlistment, full service and death together through one muster shows the establishment holding to its one rule of payment for every man on the strength, the pay of each fixed strictly by the days he actually stood among the guard.
303		300	Pay Brd. Over £ 1407 . 8 . 2¼ Artillery Company viz: John French Gunner Sallary 13 . 8 . 9 do Diet Money 6 . 16 . 10½ do House Rent 2 . 10 . „ 22 . 15 . 7½ Gunners Mates viz: Wm Chillingsworth 4 . 17 . 6 Wm Dixon 4 . 17 . 6 Wm Kennedy 4 . 17 . 6 Isaac Lech 4 . 17 . 6 Roger Nevenson 4 . 17 . 6 Nathan Sampler 4 . 17 . 6 Thomas Watts 4 . 17 . 6 39 . „ . „ Quarter Gunners viz: John Barrett 4 . 7 . 9 Walter Bellew 4 . 7 . 9 Major Jackson 4 . 7 . 9 John Nottidge 4 . 7 . 9 John Spencer 4 . 7 . 9 Thomas Sillito 4 . 7 . 9 Thomas Willingham 4 . 7 . 9 Ely Leech Mattross to 7. July Incd do Quarter Gunner from 8. do 1. 3 4 . 7 . 2¾ 35 . 1 . 5¾ Mattrosses viz: Edward Arnold 4 . 1 . 3 John Armingstall 4 . 1 . 3 John Button 4 . 1 . 3 Joseph Boswell 4 . 1 . 3 John Butler 4 . 1 . 3 John Bunn 4 . 1 . 3 John Branagan 4 . 1 . 3 Wm Bateman 4 . 1 . 3 Edward Bransford Centl to 6. Septr Incd 2. 14. 10½ do Mattross from 7. do do 1. 1. 1½ 3 . 12 . 2½ Mattrosses Carr. Over 36 . 2 . 2½ Pay Carried Over £ 1504 . 5 . 3½	Pay, brought over, £1,407 8s 2.25d. Artillery company: John French, gunner, salary £13 8s 9d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £22 15s 7.5d Gunners mates: William Chillingsworth, £4 17s 6d William Davis, £4 17s 6d William Kennedy, £4 17s 6d Isaac Leech, £4 17s 6d Roger Stevenson, £4 17s 6d Nathan Sample, £4 17s 6d Thomas Watts, £4 17s 6d Total gunners mates, £39 0s 0d Quarter gunners: John Barrett, £4 7s 9d Walter Kelleis, £4 7s 9d Major Jackson, £4 7s 9d John Nottidges, £4 7s 9d John Spencer, £4 7s 9d Thomas Silleto, £4 7s 9d Thomas Willingham, £4 7s 9d Ely Leech, mattross to 7 July inclusive £0 6s 5d, and quarter gunner from 8 July £4 1s 3.75d, £4 7s 8.75d Total quarter gunners, £35 1s 5.75d Mattrosses: Edward Arnod, £4 1s 3d John Artingstall, £4 1s 3d John Button, £4 1s 3d Joseph Boswell, £4 1s 3d John Butler, £4 1s 3d John Burn, £4 1s 3d John Branagan, £4 1s 3d William Bateman, £4 1s 3d Edward Rewford, sentinel to 6 July inclusive £0 2s 10.5d, and mattross from 7 July £3 12s 2.5d, £3 12s 2.5d Mattrosses carried over, £36 2s 2.5d Pay carried over, £1,504 5s 3.5d Interpretations Mattrosses were the junior men of the artillery, ranking below the gunners and their mates, who assisted at the guns by fetching and loading powder and shot and by hauling the pieces into position. Their standing pay of £4 1s 3d the quarter, set above a common sentinel's but below a gunner's mate's, fixes them as a distinct grade of trained hands, more valuable than the ordinary guard but less so than the men who laid and fired the guns. The artillery company was graded through four ranks of its own, the gunner at the head, the gunners mates at £4 17s 6d, the quarter gunners at £4 7s 9d and the mattrosses at £4 1s 3d, each at a settled rate above the common infantry. Paying the whole gun crew at higher rates than the sentinels of the marching companies shows the value the establishment placed on skilled artillery hands, the men who worked the batteries kept on better pay than those who merely stood guard. Two men crossed between ranks within the quarter, Ely Leech rising from mattross to quarter gunner on 8 July and Edward Rewford moving from sentinel to mattross on 7 July, each paid at both rates for the days he held them. Reckoning these transfers between the infantry and the artillery, and between the artillery's own grades, to the exact day shows the same close accounting applied as men shifted from the marching companies into the trained gun crews, the roll following each step up in skill and pay as it fell.
304		301	Pay Brd. Over £ 1504 . 5 . 3½ Mattrosses Brd. Over £ 36 . 2 . 2½ John Christofell Quartr Gunner to 7. July Incd 6. 8¾ do Mattross from 8. do Incd 3. 15. 8 4 . 2 . 4¾ Samuell Clark 4 . 1 . 3 Thos Dent 4 . 1 . 3 Anthony Day 4 . 1 . 3 Adam Milburn 4 . 1 . 3 Humphry Pugh 4 . 1 . 3 James Pritchard 4 . 1 . 3 Thos Pride 4 . 1 . 3 John Smith 4 . 1 . 3 Wm Turner 4 . 1 . 3 John Watkins 4 . 1 . 3 John Bernardus deserted 26. July 1 . 4 . 11 82 . 2 . 7¼ Superannuated viz: Joseph Whaley Serjeant 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Burnham do 3 . 8 . 3 Isaac Hugerson Quartr Gunner 3 . 8 . 3 George Lindsey Drummer 3 . 8 . 3 Samuell Frisfer Centinel 3 . 8 . 3 Francis Tunge Armourer 6 . „ . 7½ 23 . 1 . 10½ £ 1609 . 9 . 2¾	Pay, brought over, £1,504 5s 3.5d. Mattrosses, brought over, £36 2s 2.5d. John Christoffell, quarter gunner to 7 July inclusive £0 6s 8.75d, and mattross from 8 July inclusive £3 15s 8d, £4 2s 4.75d Samuel Clark, £4 1s 3d Thomas Dent, £4 1s 3d Anthony Day, £4 1s 3d Adam Milburn, £4 1s 3d Humphry Pugh, £4 1s 3d James Pritchard, £4 1s 3d Thomas Bride, £4 1s 3d John Smith, £4 1s 3d William Turner, £4 1s 3d John Watkins, £4 1s 3d John Bernardeus, deserted 28 July, £1 4s 11d Total mattrosses, £82 2s 0.5d Superannuated: Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £3 8s 3d William Burnham, sergeant, £3 8s 3d Isaac Hugerson, quarter gunner, £3 8s 3d George Lindsey, drummer, £3 8s 3d Samuel Anifer, sentinel, £3 8s 3d Francis Funge, armourer, £6 0s 7.5d Total superannuated, £23 1s 10.5d Total, £1,609 9s 2.25d Interpretations The superannuated men were the old soldiers of the garrison kept on a reduced pension after their working service was done, held on the books at £3 8s 3d apiece with the armourer at a higher figure. Retaining its worn-out sergeants, gunner, drummer and sentinel on standing pay, rather than turning them off once they could no longer serve, shows the Company providing for the age of the men who had spent their strength in its garrison, a pension charged to the same account as the active pay. The quarter gunner John Christoffell dropped a rank within the quarter, reckoned as quarter gunner to 7 July and as mattross from 8 July, his pay divided at each rate for the days he held it. Setting his reduction on the same date that Ely Leech rose and Edward Rewford transferred points to a general reordering of the artillery on 7 and 8 July, the gun crew shuffled between its grades at one stroke and each man's pay followed to the exact day of the change. The desertion of John Bernardeus on 28 July, his pay stopped at that date at £1 4s 11d, records the establishment closing a runaway's account at the day he fled just as it closed a dead man's at the day he died. Reckoning the deserter's pay only to the day he ran, so that he forfeited the remainder of the quarter, shows the roll following a man off the strength at the moment he left it by whatever cause, desertion no less than death or the ending of a term.
305		302	Do John . To cash rec from the Cash Chest 1016 . 5 . 2¼ To Ditto rec from Mr Purling 733 . 0 . 0 To Ditto rec of Sundrys for rents &c 381 . 3 . 5¾ To Ditto rec of Robt Maycock Cooper in part of his debt to the Honble Company 2 . 0 . 0 To Cash rec of Edw Ffinsloe Wheelwright in part of her debt to the Honble Company 2 . 0 . 0 To Cash rec the Ballance of Ship Portobello's Account 11 . 10 . 3 To Ditto rec from the recoblets that came by Ship Caesar for Diet from the Honble Company before a Market was Settled 9 . 19 . 6	John, in account. Cash received from the cash chest, £1,016 5s 2.5d Cash received from Matthew Purling, £133 0s 0d Cash received of sundries for rents, £381 3s 5.5d Cash received of Robert Maycock, cooper, in part of his debt to the Honourable Company, £2 0s 0d Cash received of Edward Renslow, wheelwright, in part of his debt to the Honourable Company, £2 0s 0d Cash received, the balance of the ship Portobello's account, £11 10s 3d Cash received from the recruits that came by the ship Crassar, for diet from the Honourable Company before a market was settled, £9 19s 6d Interpretations The debts paid in part by Robert Maycock the cooper and Edward Renslow the wheelwright were the standing charges these tradesmen owed the Company, both men appearing on the salary roll of the same quarter drawing their wages. Setting a small repayment against a servant's debt while the same man drew his full salary shows the Company recovering what its people owed by taking it in instalments rather than stopping the pay outright, the debt worked down slowly as the man could bear it. The recovery from the recruits of their diet money, charged for the food the Company found them before a market for provisions had been settled, marks the establishment recouping the cost of feeding the fresh men in the interval before they could buy for themselves. Charging the newly landed soldiers for their keep in those first days, rather than bearing it as a cost of the reinforcement, shows the Company holding even its recruits to account for their subsistence once the emergency of their arrival had passed. The cash drawn together here from the chest, from Matthew Purling, from rents and from these several debts and balances shows the receiving side of the settlement's account gathered from every source at once. Bringing the rents, the tradesmen's repayments, a ship's balance and the recruits' diet money into one reckoning shows how the island's whole revenue passed through a single set of hands, the same ledger that paid the garrison drawing in its income from the land, the shipping and the servants together.
306		303	Goodwin Pay master By paid to the Honble Companys Servants their Sallary's &c theirs as follows 1609 . 9 . 2¾ By Cash pd John Armingstall Wm Price Wm Temple Thos Dent & John Ellis for reducing large rope into small rope as will be repaid on selling the said rope 8 . 13 . 6 By Cash pd Wm Ashman Carpenter for 19 days work @ 1s 3d p day & making 10 Cotts @ 2s each 11 . 7 . 0 By Cash pd John Jones Carpenter for 18½ days work @ 1s 3d p day & making 24 Cotts @ 2s each 9 . 13 . 6 By Cash pd John Armingstall for making wching bottoms for 32 Cotts @ 6d each 0 . 16 . 0 By Cash paid Thos Lee for 2 days work in paving round the well @ 2s p day 0 . 4 . 0 By Cash pauc Robt wood for making washing bottoms for 42 Cotts @ 6d each 1 . 1 . 0 By Cash pd Bds Curry & Thos Oliver for Baking bread for the Garrison 1 . 16 . 3 By Cash pd Peter Laselies Surgeon of Ship Portobello for his care of 50 Soldiers @ 5s each 12 . 10 . 0 By Cash pd Wm Davis for two years maintenanceof Mary Bradley dep dec the expences of her sickness & funeralls 4 . 1 . 0 By Cash pd Bar Molloy for 12 days work in cutting Channel Stones for the Platformes @ 1s 6d p day 1 . 16 . 0 By Cash pd Sundrys for rowing on the pinnace 1 . 10 . 0 By Do do Do for staying at horse point & working in the Garden there 21 . 4 . 3 By Cash pd Sundrys for mowing hedging & making of hay at the Plantation House 8 . 8 . 9 By Cash pd Edw Almond for making of Halters Harnesses & Stuffing of Saddles &c 0 . 19 . 0 0 . 3 . 9 By Cash pd Thos Wagg for making hedgers gloves 0 . 0 . 0 Carried over £ 1696 . 13 . 2½	Goodwin, paymaster, in account. Cash paid the Honourable Company's servants their salaries and diet as follows, £1,609 9s 2.25d Cash paid John Artingstall, William Price, William Campbell and Thomas Dent, and John Ellis, for reducing large rope into small rope, which will be repaid in selling the board rope, £8 13s 6d Cash paid William Rihman, carpenter, for 19 days work at 3s per day, and making 40 cots at 2s each, £11 7s 0d Cash paid John Jones, carpenter, for 48.5 days work at 3s per day, and making 24 cots at 2s each, £9 13s 6d Cash paid John Artingstall for making sacking bottoms for 32 cots at 6d each, £0 16s 0d Cash paid Thomas Fox for 2 days work in paving round the well at 2s per day, £0 4s 0d Cash paid Robert Wood for making sacking bottoms for 42 cots at 6d each, £1 1s 0d Cash paid Robert Curry and Thomas Oliver for baking bread for the garrison, £1 16s 3d Cash paid Peter Pickering, surgeon of the ship Portobello, for his care of 50 soldiers at 5s each, £12 10s 0d. Cash paid William Davis for two years maintenance of Mary Bradley deceased, at 6d a week for her sickness, and funeral, £4 1s 0d Cash paid Bartholomew Mallory for 12 days work in cutting channel stones for the platforms at 3s per day, £1 16s 0d Cash paid sundries for rowing in the pinnace, £4 10s 0d Cash paid sundries for making of hay at Horse Point and working in the garden three, £21 4s 3d Cash paid sundries for mowing, hedging and making of hay at Plantation House, £8 8s 9d Cash paid Edward Arnod for making of halters and harness and stuffing of saddles, £0 19s 0d Cash paid Thomas Wagg for making hedges and gloves, £0 3s 0d Carried over, £1,696 13s 2.5d Interpretations The reducing of large rope into small rope by the soldiers, charged against the promise that it would be repaid when the board rope was sold, records the garrison unpicking heavy cordage past its use and reworking it into lighter line fit for service. Setting men to remake worn rope rather than buying new, and reckoning the cost against the eventual sale of the old material, shows the establishment wringing further use from its stores and treating even spent cordage as a stock to be worked up and turned to account. The charge to William Davis for two years maintenance of Mary Bradley in her sickness at sixpence a week, together with her funeral, records the Company bearing the long upkeep of a dependant unable to keep herself. Meeting the cost of her sickness over two whole years and then her burial, all charged to the paymaster's account, shows the establishment standing as a poor relief of last resort for its people, the plantation ledger reaching to the maintenance of the sick and the burial of the dead as much as to wages and stores. The payment to Peter Pickering, the Portobello's own surgeon, for treating fifty soldiers at five shillings a head marks the garrison hiring a passing ship's doctor to tend a body of men its own establishment could not cover. Drawing on the surgeon of a ship in the road to physic fifty of the guard at once, rather than leaving them to the settlement's own overstretched medical men, shows the practical use the island made of the shipping that called, the crews and stores of passing vessels pressed into the service of the garrison as need arose.
307		304	Brought Over £ 2188 . 18 . 5 [...] £ 2188 . 18 . 5	Brought over, £2,188 18s 5d. Total, £2,188 18s 5d.
308		305	Brought over £ 1696 . 13 . 2½ By Cash pd Sundrys for Collecting & Stacking the Hay 2 . 5 . 0 By do pd Tho Walthen for his advice & assistance in making hay & Overseeing the people imployed there for 4 Months and Upwards 10 . 0 . 0 By Cash pd Jostha Germain for breaking up ground on the Horse point & making experiments of the Hay Seeds & other for the Companys Service 5 . 0 . 0 By Cash pd the upholster for making 160 Beds Umbrellas bottoms & Cotts for the Soldiers & making Curtains for the Church 10 . 14 . 6 By Cash pd for Wooll for making Cushions for do 1 . 0 . 0 By Do do the Bouldover for Sifting 61 Capion 0 . 10 . 0 By Do do for Caulking & mending pumps for the new Well at Rupert 0 . 14 . 0 By Cash pd for laying pipes to bring Water to the Parade for the use of the Garrison & Blacks 0 . 10 . 0 By Cash pd for making a Channel to carry the Water from Browns Barrache 1 . 9 . 0 By Cash pd for 4 Bundles Rattam & making em into 5 Baskets 0 . 13 . 0 By Cash pd for Cleaning & mending the old Clock 0 . 11 . 6 By Do do to a french Ships Baker for learning ours to bake 0 . 18 . 0 By do do to Joseph Long for killing partridges 0 . 10 . 0 By Do pd Peter Cummings for a Security the Surgeon one quarter before a Second was appointed 3 . 8 . 3 By Cash pd for 61 half grown Fowls to Cut up Capons 3 . 1 . 0 By Do do for two potened Opiums 3 . 0 . 0 By Do do for three Sundreys 0 . 15 . 0 By Do do for making 139 suit Blacks Cloaths @ 2s each 17 . 2 . 6 By Do do for the Subsistance of Tho. Dwyer & Dan Carey left ashore 9 . 17 . 0 By Do do for China Muggs 0 . 6 . 0 One for Table Set China 1 . 0 . 0 One Set Safety Bed Curtains 2 . 10 . 0 4 . 5 . 0 By Cash pd for one Expres on an Alarm 0 . 5 . 0 By Do pd to the Pagetts Majr the Ballance of their Accounts 1 . 10 . 0 1774 . 11 . 4¼ By Cash pd Sundays as of Cash acct in cons. of 14 Aug [...] Sepr 16 . 3 . 10 1790 . 15 . 9½ 34 . 8 . 2 . 9¾ By Bald this day pd into the Honble Companys Cash 2188 . 18 . 5	Brought over, £1,696 13s 2.5d. Cash paid sundries for collecting and stacking the hay, £2 5s 0d Cash paid Thomas Watthem for the advice and assistance in making hay and overseeing the people employed there for 4 months, and upwards, £10 0s 0d Cash paid Jeptha Germain for breaking up ground on the Horse Point and making experiment of the hay seeds and others for the Company's service, £5 0s 0d Cash paid the upholster for making two beds, umbrella bottoms and cots for the soldiers, and making curtains and so on for the church, £10 14s 6d Cash paid for wool for making cushions for the same, £1 0s 0d Cash paid the poulterer for letting 61 capons, £0 10s 0d Cash paid for caulking and mending pumps for the new well at Rupert's, £0 4s 0d Cash paid for laying pipes to bring water to the parade for the use of the garrison and blacks, £0 10s 0d Cash paid for paving a channel to carry the water from Browne's barracks, £1 9s 0d Cash paid for 4 bundles of battam and making them into 5 baskets, £0 13s 0d Cash paid for cleaning and mending the old clock, £0 11s 6d Cash paid a French ship's baker for learning ours to bake, £0 18s 0d Cash paid Joseph Long for killing partridges, £0 10s 0d Cash paid Peter Cummings for attending the surgeon one quarter before a second was appointed, £3 8s 3d Cash paid for 61 half grown fowls to cut into capons, £3 1s 0d Cash paid for two pound of opium, £0 3s 0d Cash paid for three turkeys, £0 15s 0d Cash paid for making 139 suits of blacks clothes at 2s 6d each, £17 2s 6d Cash paid the subsistence of Thomas Dwyer and Daniel Cary at 3s each every payday, £9 17s 0d Cash paid for 9 china mugs, and one sea table salt china £1 0s 0d, and one salt saltly bed curtains £2 10s 0d, £4 5s 0d. Cash paid for one express on an alarm, £0 5s 0d Cash paid Thomas Bagett's ship the balance of their accounts, £1 10s 0d Total, £1,774 11s 11.75d Cash paid sundries as per cash account in company of 14 August to 11 September, £16 3s 10d Total, £1,790 15s 9.75d Balance this day paid into the Honourable Company's cash, £398 2s 7.5d Total, £2,188 18s 5.25d Interpretations The payment to a French ship's baker for teaching the island's own men to bake records the establishment buying a skill from a passing vessel that its people lacked. Hiring a foreigner off a ship in the road to instruct the garrison bakers, rather than sending home for a trained man or doing without, shows the practical use the island made of whatever the shipping brought, a needed craft picked up from a chance caller and kept for good. The making of 139 suits of slave clothing at half a crown apiece, set beside the doosetees, chelloes and kersey bought earlier in the same account, records the annual outfitting of the whole slave establishment reckoned as a single large charge. Paying out for well over a hundred suits at one time shows the scale of the labour force the Company clothed each year, the yearly issue a fixed and heavy item of the plantation's cost rather than a matter of piecemeal supply. The purchase of two pounds of opium among the ordinary stores of the account marks the drug kept as a staple of the settlement's medicine chest, the standard remedy of the period for pain, flux and sleeplessness. Laying it in by the pound alongside the sugar, candy and other hospital stores shows opium treated as a common necessary of the sick quarters rather than a rarity, the island provisioning its own doctoring with the same forethought it gave to food and clothing. The final balance of £398 2s 7.5d paid back into the Company's cash closes the paymaster's account, the receipts having exceeded the whole quarter's disbursements on salaries, stores and works. Returning so large a surplus to the Company shows the settlement living within the revenue it drew from rents, debts and the shipping, the island's government not merely self-supporting for the quarter but yielding a clear return once every charge of the garrison and plantation had been met.
309		306	Do Cash 1744 To Ballance remaining 31. Augt 1744 2936 . 14 . 1 Septr 30. To Cash Recd of Matthew Purling for so much by him Sold in the Quarter Ending this day 1170 . 4 . 4½ To do Recd of the Inhabitants for Rents &ca 384 . 3 . 5¾ To Do Recd of Robt Maycock Cooper in part of his Debt to the Honble Company 2 . 0 . 0 To do Recd of Edward Fenslow Wheelwright in Part of his debt to the Honble Company 2 . 0 . 0 To Do Recd the Ballance of Ship Portobello's Acct 11 . 10 . 3 To Do Recd from the Recruits that came by Ship Caesar for Diet from the Honble before a Marketts was Settled 9 . 19 . 6 Carried Over £ 4536 . 11 . 8¾	Cash, in account, 1744. 30 September. Balance remaining 31 August 1744, £2,956 14s 1d Cash received of Matthew Purling for so much by him sold in the quarter ending this day, £1,170 4s 4.5d Cash received of the inhabitants for rents, £384 3s 5.75d Cash received of Robert Maycock, cooper, in part of his debt to the Honourable Company, £2 0s 0d Cash received of Edward Renslow, wheelwright, in part of his debt to the Honourable Company, £2 0s 0d Cash received, the balance of the ship Portobello's account, £11 10s 3d. Cash received from the recruits that came by the ship Caesar for diet from the Honourable Company before a market was settled, £9 19s 6d Carried over, £4,556 11s 8.75d Interpretations The opening balance of £2,956 14s 1d carried forward from 31 August marks the cash the settlement held in hand at the start of the quarter, a substantial standing reserve kept in the Company's chest. Holding so large a sum from one period to the next shows the island's treasury running with a considerable float rather than balancing to nothing each quarter, the government carrying the means to meet its charges without waiting on the season's receipts. The sum of £1,170 received from Matthew Purling for goods he had sold in the quarter marks the proceeds of the Company's trade passing back into the cash through the hands of the servant who conducted it. Bringing the whole return of the quarter's sales into the account under one head shows the settlement's commerce and its treasury run as one concern, the money made by selling the Company's stores gathered into the same chest that held its rents and reserves. The recruits who came by the Caesar are charged here for their diet on the same footing as those of the Portobello elsewhere in the account, two separate drafts each made to repay the cost of their keep before a market was settled. Charging the men of both ships alike for the food found them on landing shows the practice fixed rather than particular, the Company recovering the subsistence of every fresh draft as a matter of course once the men could provide for themselves.
310		307	1744 Per Contra (3) Septr 30. By Cash to pay the Honble Companys Servants their Sallary &c as p pay Account 1609 . 9 . 2¾ By do paid John Armingstall Wm Price & Wm Campble Thos Dent & John Ellis for reducing Large Cordage to Small, Which will be repaid in Selling the Saed Cordage 8 . 13 . 6 By do paid Wm Oakman Carpenter for 49 days Work @ 1s 3d p day & Making 40 Cotts @ 2 Inch 11 . 7 . 0 By do paid John Jones Carpenter 48½ days Work @ 1s 3d p day & making 24 Cotts @ 2. do 9 . 13 . 6 By paid John Armingstall for making Sacking Bottoms to 32 Cotts @ 6d each 0 . 16 . 0 By paid Thos Fox for paving round the Well & a Channell to Carry the Water off Browns Barracks 1 . 13 . 0 By do paid Robert Wood for Making Sacking Bottoms to 40 Cotts @ 6d each 1 . 1 . 0 By do paid Robert Curry & Thos Oliver for Baking Bread for the Garrison 1 . 16 . 3 By do paid Peter Laselies Surgeon of Ship Portobello for his care of 50 Soldiers to this place 12 . 10 . 0 By do paid for two Years Maintenanceof Mary Bradley died Orphan of John Broadley & Expt of her Sickness &cd 4 . 1 . 0 By do paid Bartholomew Molloy for 12 days Work in Cutting Channell Stones for the Platformes 1 . 16 . 0 Carried Over £ 1661 . 16 . 5¾	Per contra, 1744. 30 September. Cash to pay the Honourable Company's servants their salary and diet as per pay account, £1,609 9s 2.25d Cash paid John Artingstall, William Price and William Campbell, Thomas Dent and John Ellis, for reducing large cordage to small, which will be repaid in selling the board cordage, £8 13s 6d Cash paid William Oakman, carpenter, for 49 days work at 3s per day, and making 40 cots at 2s each, £11 7s 0d Cash paid John Jones, carpenter, 48.5 days work at 3s per day, and making 24 cots at 2s each, £9 13s 6d Cash paid John Artingstall for making sacking bottoms to 32 cots at 6d each, £0 16s 0d Cash paid Thomas Fox for paving round the well and a channel to carry the water off Browne's barracks, £1 13s 0d Cash paid Robert Ward for making sacking bottoms to 42 cots at 6d each, £1 1s 0d Cash paid Robert Curry and Thomas Oliver for baking bread for the garrison, £1 16s 3d Cash paid Peter Lascelles, surgeon of the ship Portobello, for his care of 50 soldiers to their place, £12 10s 0d. Cash paid for two years maintenance of Mary Bradley, deceased, orphan of John Bradley, and expenses of her sickness, £4 1s 0d Cash paid Bartholomew Mallory for 12 days work in cutting channel stones for the platforms, £1 16s 0d Carried over, £1,662 16s 5.25d Interpretations The two carpenters William Oakman and John Jones were paid both a daily wage for their time and a separate piece rate for each cot they built, the two modes of payment set side by side in one line. Reckoning a man's work partly by the day and partly by the finished article shows the establishment matching the form of payment to the kind of labour, general carpentry paid by time and the making of cots paid by the number turned out, so that both effort and product were rewarded. The sacking bottoms for the cots were let out to several different hands, John Artingstall taking thirty-two and Robert Ward forty-two, each paid the same sixpence a cot for the work. Spreading the making of the bed bottoms across more than one worker at a fixed rate per piece shows the garrison getting a large batch of cots finished quickly by dividing the task, the whole furnishing of the recruits' bedding pushed forward at once as the fresh men came onto the strength. Mary Bradley, here named the orphan of the late John Bradley whose estate was sold at auction in 1743, was maintained two years in her sickness at the Company's charge and then buried at its cost. Carrying the upkeep of a dead planter's orphaned and sickly child for two whole years before her own death shows the establishment standing as guardian and poor relief to the children left behind by its inhabitants, the plantation account reaching to the long care of the destitute young as it did to the wages of the garrison.
311		308	Do Cash 1744 Brought Over £ 4536 . 11 . 8¾ Carried Over £ 4536 . 11 . 8¾ 4536 . 11 . 8¾	Cash, in account, 1744. Brought over, £4,556 11s 8.25d Carried over, £4,556 11s 8.25d Total, £4,556 11s 8.25d
312		309	Per Contra Cr 1744 Brought Over £ 1662 . 16 . 5¼ By Cash paid Sundry persons for dawning the pinnace 4 . 10 . 0 By do for Making of Hay at Horse point &cd 21 . 4 . 3 By do Sundry Persons for Mowing Hedging & Making of Hay at the Plantation House 8 . 8 . 9 By do Edwd Arnold for Making Harnesses &cd 0 . 19 . 0 By do Thos Wagg for Making Hedgers Gloves 0 . 3 . 9 By do Sundry Persons Collecting & Stacking the Hay 2 . 5 . 0 By do Thos Wathens for his Advice & Assistance in Making Hay & Overseeing the people to Mr Dept 10 . 0 . 0 By do Josphtha Germain for Breaking up Ground on the Horse point & Making Experiments of the Hay Seed & Others for the Companys Service 5 . 0 . 0 By do the Upholster for Making two Beds, Umbrellas Bottommering Cotts Making Curtains & Cushions for the Church 10 . 14 . 6 By do for Wooll for the Cushions 1 . 0 . 0 By do the Poulterer for Cutting 61 Capons 0 . 10 . 0 By do for Caulking & Mending pumpes for a two Wells 0 . 14 . 0 By do for Laying pipes to bring Water to the Parade for the Use of the Garrison & Blacks 0 . 10 . 0 By do for 4 Bundles Rattans & Making them into Baskets 0 . 13 . 0 By do Cleaning & Mending the old Clock 0 . 11 . 6 By do to a French Ships Baker for Learning Ours 0 . 18 . 0 By do to Joseph Long for Shooting Partridges 0 . 10 . 0 By do Peter Cummings for Assisting the Surgeon 1 Quartr before a 2d was Appointed 3 . 8 . 3 3 . 1 . 0 By do for 61 half grown Fowls 3 . 0 . 0 By do for 2 pt Opeum Carried Over £ 1740 . 17 . 5½	Per contra, 1744. Brought over, £1,662 16s 5.25d Cash paid sundry persons for rowing the pinnace, £4 10s 0d Cash paid for making of hay at Horse Point and so on, £21 4s 3d Cash paid sundry persons for mowing, hedging and making of hay at Plantation House, £8 8s 9d Cash paid Edward Arnod for making harness and so on, £0 19s 0d Cash paid Thomas Wagg for making hedger's gloves, £0 3s 9d Cash paid sundry persons collecting and stacking the hay, £2 5s 0d Cash paid Thomas Watkins for his advice and assistance in making hay and overseeing the people, 4 months and upwards, £10 0s 0d Cash paid Jeptha Germain for breaking up ground on the Horse Point and making experiments of the hay seed and others for the Company's service, £5 0s 0d Cash paid the upholster for making two beds, umbrellas, bottoming to the cots, making curtains and cushions for the church, £10 14s 6d Cash paid for wool for the cushions, £1 0s 0d Cash paid the poulterer for cutting 61 capons, £0 10s 0d Cash paid for caulking and mending pumps for a new well, £0 4s 0d Cash paid for laying pipes to bring water to the parade for the use of the garrison and blacks, £0 10s 0d Cash paid for 4 bundles of battam and making them into baskets, £0 13s 0d Cash paid cleaning and mending the old clock, £0 11s 6d Cash paid a French ship's baker for learning ours, £0 18s 0d Cash paid Joseph Long for shooting partridges, £0 10s 0d Cash paid Peter Cummings for assisting the surgeon 1 quarter before a second was appointed, £3 8s 3d Cash paid for 61 half grown fowls, £3 1s 0d Cash paid for 2 pound of opium, £0 3s 0d Carried over, £1,740 17s 5.25d Interpretations The breaking up of ground at Horse Point to try the hay seed marks a deliberate experiment in fodder growing, Jeptha Germain paid to test whether the seed would take on that ground for the Company's future supply. Laying out money to prove new grass on fresh land, rather than simply cutting what already grew, shows the establishment looking to secure its own winter feed by trial and improvement, the plantation working to raise a reliable hay crop against the scarcity of fodder that had long troubled its stock. The capons account ran in two stages, sixty-one half-grown fowls bought at one line and a poulterer paid to cut them at another, the birds first purchased and then caponised for the table. Setting the cost of the fowls and the fee for the gelding apart shows the establishment raising its own fatted poultry from young stock rather than buying the finished birds, the whole process of provisioning the better table carried out on the island and reckoned step by step. The four months and upwards that Thomas Watkins spent overseeing the haymaking, paid as a distinct charge for his advice and management, marks the season's fodder-getting treated as a sustained undertaking needing its own supervisor. Retaining a man to direct the mowers and stackers over the whole winter cutting, above the wages of the labourers themselves, shows the weight the establishment gave to securing its hay, the harvest of fodder managed with the same care as any principal work of the plantation.
313		310	Do Cash 1744 Brought Over £ 4536 . 11 . 8¾ Errors Excepted 4536 . 11 . 8¾ Dav Dunbar Cha Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin [...] Purling	Cash, in account, 1744. Brought over, £4,556 11s 8.25d Errors excepted, £4,556 11s 8.25d Signed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. Interpretations The closing note that the account passed errors excepted marks the customary reservation entered when a set of books was signed off, allowing later correction of any mistake without reopening the whole reckoning. Passing the quarter's cash under that saving formula shows the council settling the account as balanced while guarding against the arithmetic being taken as final beyond challenge, the standard caution of men closing a ledger they could not warrant perfect. The signatures of Governor Dunbar with Hutchinson, Dixon, Goodwin and Purling record the whole council setting its hand to the quarter's cash account together, the board attesting the figures as a body. Requiring every member's signature to close the reckoning, rather than the Governor's or the paymaster's alone, shows the settlement's finances made a collective responsibility of the council, each man answerable with the rest for the truth of the account laid before the Company. The reappearance of Christopher Dixon's name among the signatories fixes his continued place on the council through this quarter, the same man whose salary the board had once broken off in his dismissal under Governor Powell. His signing the account with the rest shows him restored to the working body of the council by the autumn of 1744, the earlier quarrel that had removed him settled far enough for him to sit and attest the island's books once more.
314		311	Per Contra Cr 34 Brought Over £ 1740 . 17 . 5¼ By Cash paid for Three Turkeys 0 . 15 . 0 By do for 137 Suits of Blacks Cloaths @ 2s 6d Each 17 . 2 . 6 By do paid for the Subsistance of Thos Dwyer & Daniel Curry @ 1s 9d p day 9 . 7 . 0 By do paid for 9 China Muggs 0 . 13 . 0 One Tea Table Sett of China 1 . 0 . 0 One Sett Taffety Bed Curtains 2 . 10 . 0 By do paid for One Express on an Alarm 0 . 5 . 0 By do paid Thos Pazetts Orphans the Ballance of their Account 1 . 10 . 0 By Bald remaining Septr 30 1744 being the following Species 1774 . 11 . 11¾ 1691 Pagodas @ 9d £763 . 14 . 0 20 Gubbons 6d 60 . 0 . 0 23 Vouchans 10d 11 . 10 . 0 ¼ Madares 0 . 6 . 9 6 Johannis 4 . 6 . 0 ½ Gold Rupee 0 . 15 . 0 1 pr Gold zt 11. 15. 14 @ 9. 10. 3 @ 46. 1. 8½ 4 pieces @ 3. 9. 12 @ 3. 18 do 13 . 14 . ½ Gold Amounting to 889 . 8 . 0 5987 Dollars @ 5 . 0d 1321 . 15 . 0 23 half do @ 2s 6d 2 . 10 . 0 228 Double Reals 1½d 14 . 5 . 0 944 Rials 7½d 29 . 10 . 0 1460 halfs @ 1s 3¾d 22 . 16 . 2 . 3 441 French 5s 9d 3 . 13 . 6 Odd Money 7 . 2 . 0 Silver Amounting to 1394 . 11 . 9 528 . 0 . 0 Cash Toties Amount to £ 4536 . 11 . 8¼	Per contra. Brought over, £1,740 17s 5.25d Cash paid for three turkeys, £0 15s 0d Cash paid for 137 suits of blacks clothes at 2s 6d each, £17 2s 6d Cash paid for the subsistence of Thomas Dwyer and Daniel Cary at 3s per day, £9 17s 0d Cash paid for 9 china mugs, £0 15s 0d One sea table salt of china, £1 0s 0d One salt taffety bed curtains, £2 10s 0d Cash paid for one express on an alarm, £0 5s 0d Cash paid Thomas Bagett's orphans the balance of their account, £1 10s 0d Balance remaining 30 September 1744 in the following species, £1,774 11s 11.25d Gold: 1,691 pagodas at 9s each, £760 19s 0d 20 gubbers at 6s each, £6 0s 0d 23 venetians at 10s each, £11 10s 0d 0.25 of a madore, £0 6s 9d 0.5 of a johannes, £4 4s 6d 0.5 of a gold rupee, £0 0s 15d 1 pound of gold weight, 11 oz 15 dwt 14 gr 3 quarters, at 46s the ounce, £46 1s 8.5d 4 pieces of gold weight, 3 oz 9 dwt 12 gr 3 quarters, at 18s the ounce, £13 11s 7.5d Gold amounting to, £839 8s 0d Silver: 5,287 dollars at 5s each, £1,321 15s 0d 20 half dollars at 2s 6d each, £2 10s 0d 228 double reals at 1s 3d each, £14 5s 0d 944 reals at 7.5d each, £29 10s 0d 1,460 half reals at 3.75d each, £22 16s 3d 441 French pieces at 2d each, £3 13s 6d Odd money, £7 2s 9d Silver amounting to, £1,394 11s 9d Cash notes amount to, £528 0s 0d. Total, £4,556 11s 8.25d. Interpretations The pagoda was the standard gold coin of the Madras coast, taken here at nine shillings apiece, and the island's cash chest held nearly seventeen hundred of them, by far its largest single holding of specie. Keeping the bulk of its gold in the coin of the Coromandel trade rather than in English money shows how completely the settlement's currency was drawn from the eastern shipping, the pagoda serving as the working gold of an island whose commerce ran to India rather than to Europe. The remarkable variety of coin in the chest, gold pagodas, gubbers, venetians, madores and johannes beside silver dollars, reals and French pieces, marks a treasury filled by whatever specie the ships of every nation brought to the road. Reckoning each foreign coin into sterling at its own settled rate, and weighing loose gold by the ounce where it came in no known coin, shows the establishment making a single currency of account out of the mixed money of the world's trade, the island having no coin of its own and taking all that passed. The distinction the account draws between coined specie and cash notes, the notes standing at £528 against better than four thousand pounds in metal, marks the two forms in which the settlement held its money. Carrying the greater part of its reserve in actual gold and silver rather than in paper shows how far a remote island trusted to hard coin, the specie being the money the shipping would take and the notes serving only for reckoning among the Company's own people on the spot.
315		312	At a consultation held on Tuesday the 23. day of Octbr 1744 at the Castlor Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Charles Hutchinson Lieu. Govr Christopher Dixon 3. John Goodwin 4. of Councills Matthew Purling 5. The Last Consultation was read and Approved. Messrs Thos & James Greentrees having formerly been Summoned to Appear before the Govr & Councills Upon an Information that many Goats belonging to them & Other Planters in a certain Goat Range near Sandy Bay were infected with the Mange, which might Spread & infest the rest of the Goats in this Island, to the very Great prejudice of the Planters in Generall, And Also that there were many Young plants of Ebony Growing on part of the Said Goat Range, Which could not be Fenced or Secured from the Said Goats, Which destroyed the Said Young plants as fast as they Appeared above Ground, to the great Disadvantage of the Honble Company, & the Island in Generall; And Being Acquainted by the Govr & Councill, That all the Goat Ranges Contiguous to Sandy Bay, Should be Visited, & the Goats Grounded for the Examination of two Gentlmn of the Councills And One or more of the Planters, that if any Should be found infected, That each should be immediately killed to prevent the Spreading of the Infection. And being Also Acquainted that it would be Greatly for the Honble Companys Interest, that the Growth of Ebony Should be Encouraged, they & Others concerned in the said Range, were desired to meet & Consult among themselves upon what Terms They would Consent to give up the said Range for that Purpose, And that if they would not Agree among themselves, their	At a consultation held on Tuesday 23 October 1744 at the castle. Present: Governor Colonel David Dunbar, Lieutenant Governor Captain Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon third, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. Thomas and James Greentree had earlier been summoned to appear before the Governor and council on a report that many goats belonging to them and to other planters, in a certain goat range near Sandy Bay, were infected with the mange. The council feared the disease might spread and infect the rest of the goats on the island, to the great harm of the planters generally. Many young ebony plants were also growing on part of that goat range, which could not be fenced or protected from the goats, so that the animals destroyed the young plants as fast as they came above ground, to the great loss of the Company and of the island. Being informed of this, the Governor and council directed that all the goat ranges next to Sandy Bay be viewed, and the goats pounded for the examination of two members of the council and one or more of the planters, and that any found infected be killed at once to prevent the spread. The council was also told that it would much serve the Company's interest for the growth of ebony to be encouraged. The Greentrees and the others concerned in the range were therefore asked to meet and consult among themselves upon what terms they would give up the range for that purpose. Should they fail to agree among themselves, their fate was reserved for the council. Interpretations The mange among the goats was a contagious skin disease of the herds, spread by mites from one animal to another, and the same trouble the account of stores had met earlier in 1744 in the oil bought to dress the infected beasts. Ordering that every range next to Sandy Bay be viewed and any infected goat killed at once shows the council treating the disease as a danger to the whole island's stock rather than to the affected planters alone, the slaughter of the sick imposed to save the sound. The clash on this range set the island's feral goats against its ebony, the young trees destroyed as fast as they sprang up wherever the goats could reach them. Moving to clear the goats from the range so the ebony might grow shows the council weighing a valuable timber against a customary stock and coming down for the trees, the choice marking a shift from letting the goats run at large toward protecting the plantation's slower and dearer growth. The council held back from simply resuming the range and instead asked the planters to meet and settle among themselves the terms on which they would give it up, reserving compulsion only for the case of their failing to agree. Choosing to seek the planters' consent to surrender their goat range before imposing its own order shows the council preferring an arranged settlement to a forced one, the compulsory taking of the ground kept in reserve as the course to be used only if agreement could not be reached.
316		313	Severall Interests Shod be Appraised by Some of the Neighbouring Planters, And the Money of Such Appraisements Should be paid them within 2 or 3 Years, or be again putt in possession of the Said Range. In Order to all which Mr Dixon 3d of Councill, & Secretary to the Company's Husband, Wrote to the Said Messrs Greentrees by Order of the Govr & Councill, & directed them to pound their Goats in Saturday Last the 20. Instant, to which Written Order each of them returned for Answer, that they had Something Else to do, & they would pound their Goats when they wanted them, Notwithstanding that Answer Mr Dixon in hopes they would better Consider of it, did go on the said day to the Place Appointed, together with Mr John Goodwin 4 of the Councills & Mr Francis Wrangham, A planter of the best Note on the Island, but According to the Answer above returned to the Said Written Order, Met neither of the Said Greentrees, nor any Goats in the Pounds. Which being so Audacious Contempt of the Government Established here by the Said Honble Company, the Said Greentrees were this day Ordered to Attend, And having been heard in their own Defence, their Excuse Appeared so Trifling, that their Crime and Contempt of Authority were rather Aggravated than Otherwise; For all which they were Severely Reprimanded, & Told that the Councill would Enforce their Authority, and would not Suffer any the Least, insult upon it, & to deter them & Others from daring to Offer the Least Contempt for the future, They the Govr & Councills Unanimously Ordered, that Each of the Said Greentrees Should be Fined 10. Sterling for their Contempt & disobedience of Authority, And that they Should Attend on next Consultation day, the 30. Instant, & Pay their Said Fines, at the Councill Table, to be put into the Honble Companys Cash, to be disposed of, according to their Pleasure, upon Laying their Affair before their Honours. This day Mr Purling delivered in an Inventory of Stores taken 30. Septr Last, by the Lieu. Govr them, Who report that the Same Margin Notes: 11. 13 J: Eddamson [...]	The several interests were to be appraised by some of the neighbouring planters, and the money of that appraisement paid them within two or three years, or else they were to be put back into possession of the range. To carry all this into effect, Christopher Dixon, third of council and the Company's steward and secretary, wrote to the Greentrees by order of the Governor and council, and directed them to pound their goats on Saturday 20 October. Each of them returned a written answer that they had something else to do, and would pound the goats when they wanted them. Despite that answer, Dixon, hoping they would think better of it, went on the appointed day to the place, together with John Goodwin, fourth of council, and Francis Wrangham, a planter of the best standing on the island. As the answer had warned, they found neither of the Greentrees nor any goats in the pounds. The council held this so bold a contempt of the government established by the Company that the Greentrees were ordered to attend, and having been heard in their own defence, their excuse appeared so trifling that it aggravated their offence rather than lessened it. They were severely reprimanded and told that the council would enforce its authority and would not suffer the least insult upon it. To deter them and others from any such contempt in future, the Governor and council unanimously ordered that each of the Greentrees be fined ten shillings for their contempt and disobedience of authority. They were to attend at the next consultation on 30 October and pay their fines at the council table, to be put into the Company's cash and disposed of at its pleasure, after their case had been laid before the council. Matthew Purling delivered an inventory of stores taken on 30 September, examined by the Governor and the rest, who reported that the [...]. Interpretations The Greentrees' written refusal to pound their goats, answering that they would do it when they wanted them, set a direct challenge to the council's authority that the board treated as graver than the original matter of the mange. Punishing the contempt of the order more sharply than the neglect that occasioned it shows the council holding obedience to its directions as the point at issue, the defiance of a written command from the government reckoned a worse thing than the disease it was meant to check. The council sent three men to the appointed place on the very day the Greentrees had warned they would not comply, going through with the pounding order rather than waiting on the planters' pleasure. Persisting to send Dixon, Goodwin and Wrangham to the ground in the face of the written refusal, so that the empty pounds should stand as proof of the contempt, shows the board building its case by carrying out its own order to the letter, the default of the Greentrees fixed on the record before them. The fine of ten shillings each, small in itself, was imposed less for its value than to mark the offence and deter others from defying the government, the sum ordered into the Company's cash after the case was heard. Setting so modest a penalty for so plain a defiance shows the council reaching for the fact of punishment rather than its weight, the entry on the record and the public reprimand carrying the real force while the money served only to fix the contempt as a thing answered for.
317		314	same hath been taken with great Care & Exactness, and is as follows, viz: Inventory of Stores remaining in the Honble Companys Ware Houses September the 30. 1744 viz: Anchors viz: 10 Large Anchors 1 Do at the West Clocks for warping most taken with any weight 2 . 9 . 11 . 2½ 2 Iron Hoops Blanketts viz: 78 Blanketts at 5s 9½ 22 . 11 . 9 1 Do 4s 3 . 3 . 9 3 Do damaged 9s 1 . 9 . 3 27 . 2 . 9 Bunting viz: 233¾ plants narrow Red @ 8¾ p yd 8 . 10 . 7½ 244 Do broad red 9d 9 . 3 . 0 53¼ Do White 7d 1 . 6 . 7½ 1 Do Damaged 0 . 0 . 6 19 . 0 . 2½ Broad Cloth viz: 16½ yards Black @ 16s p yard 13 . 4 . 0 28¼ Do Do 14s 6d Do 20 . 16 . 10½ 34 . 0 . 10½ Bread & Flower viz: 58 . . . Bread @ 16s 14d 47 . 7 . 4 273 . 3 . 21 Flower damaged 16s 4d 223 . 14 . 3¾ 22 . 1 . 22 Do p Caesar 18 . 6 . 9½ 289 . 8 . 8¼ Carried over £ 649 . 3 . 6½ Margin Notes: [...] do	The same had been taken with great care and exactness, and was as follows. An inventory of stores remaining in the Honourable Company's warehouses on 30 September 1744. Anchors: 10 large anchors, £0 0s 0d 1 anchor at the west docks for warping, most of them without any weight, £279 11s 2.5d 2 iron hoops, £0 0s 0d Blankets: 78 blankets at 5s 9.5d, £22 11s 9d 7 blankets at 9s 4d, £3 3s 7d 5 blankets damaged at 9s 4d, £1 9s 3d Total blankets, £29 2s 7d Bunting: 233.75 yards narrow red at 8.75d per yard, £8 10s 2.75d 244 yards broad red at 9d per yard, £9 3s 0d 53.5 yards white at 6d per yard, £1 6s 9.5d 7 yards damaged, £0 0s 6d Total bunting, £19 0s 2.75d Broad cloth: 16.5 yards black at 16s per yard, £13 4s 0d 28.5 yards black at 14s 6d per yard, £20 16s 10.5d Total broad cloth, £34 0s 10.5d Bread and flour: 58 lb bread at 16s 4d per hundredweight, £47 7s 4d 273 hundredweight 3 quarters 21 lb flour damaged at 16s 4d per hundredweight, £223 14s 3.75d 22 hundredweight 1 quarter 22 lb flour of the Caesar, £18 6s 9.5d Total bread and flour, £289 8s 3.75d Carried over, £649 3s 1.5d Interpretations The great value of the anchors, standing at close to £280 against the few small stores around them, marks the anchor at the west docks and the large anchors as by far the heaviest single holding of the warehouse. Keeping so much capital in ground tackle, one anchor for warping and ten more in store, shows the settlement provisioned to serve and secure the shipping in its exposed road, the anchors being both a costly stock and a necessary provision for vessels working an open anchorage. The broad cloth valued at sixteen shillings the yard was the dearest textile in the store, a fine dense felted wool fit for the best coats, held here in the black favoured for formal and official dress. Carrying so costly a cloth among the plainer bunting and blankets shows the warehouse stocked for the whole range of the settlement's needs, from the coarse coloured cloth of flags and bedding to the fine black wool that clothed its officers in the dress their standing required. The large quantity of damaged flour, better than 273 hundredweight carried on the books at the sound rate despite its condition, marks the standing difficulty of keeping meal on a remote island through a damp climate and long storage. Valuing the spoiled flour at the same price as good rather than writing it down shows the inventory recording the stock as it stood before any allowance for its state, the loss on the damaged meal left to be reckoned at its sale or issue rather than struck from the count at the taking of the stores.
318		315	Brought over £ 649 . 3 . 1½ Braziersware viz: 1 doz Small Skimmmers 1 . 9 . 8½ 4 Larger Do @ 2s 0 . 10 . 8 8 Do of different Sizes 6s 2 . 8 . 0 2 Do 14s 1 . 8 . 5 9 Ladles 4s 9 0 . 15 . 9 1 Copper Hash pan 1 . 6 . 0 11 Small Brass Candlesticks 2s 1 . 2 . 0 3 Do 2s 3 0 . 7 . 0 2 pr Large Candlesticks 9s 5 0 . 18 . 10 3 Stands for Snuffers broke 0 . 0 . 0 4 Warming Pans 11s 3 2 . 3 . 0 2 Brass Cocks broke 4s 1 0 . 8 . 2 1 Copper Pump 4s 3 . 17 . 0 38 Brass Chaffing Dishes 6s 1 11 . 11 . 2 6 Copper Boyling Potts 8 . 18 . 9½ 1 Copper Hash pan 0 . 18 . 9½ 2 Do 11s 1 . 2 . 0 2 Do 6s 11 0 . 13 . 10 8 pr Brass Candlesticks 16s 9½ 2 . 14 . 1 6 Small Candlesticks 13s 9½ 1 . 9 . 1½ 6 Do 6s 9 0 . 16 . 6 6 Do 6s 3½ 0 . 14 . 10 3 Copper Tea Kettles 9 Cents @ 12s 6 1 . 17 . 6 4 do 6 Do 4s 6 2 . 6 . 0 2 Do 3 Do 6s 7½ 0 . 18 . 3½ 50 . 17 . 1 Blocks viz: 4 Iron bound Catt Blocks @ 6s 5 1 . 5 . 8 2 Iron bound Snatch 13s 9 1 . 7 . 6 2 Iron bound Doub. Top 3s 0 . 15 . 0 1 Single Do 0 . 0 . 0 Blocks Carried over £ 3 . 8 . 2 Carried over £ 700 . 0 . 5½	Braziery, brought over £649 3s 1.5d. 1 dozen small skimmers, £1 9s 8.5d 4 larger skimmers at 2s 8d, £0 10s 8d 8 skimmers of different sizes at 6d, £2 8s 0d 2 skimmers at 4s 4d, £1 8s 8d 9 ladles at 1s 9d, £0 15s 9d 1 copper flesh pan, £1 6s 0d 11 flat brass candlesticks at 2s, £1 2s 0d 3 flat brass candlesticks at 2s 4d, £0 7s 0d 2 pairs of large candlesticks at 9s 5d, £0 18s 10d 5 stands for snuffers, broke, £0 0s 0d 4 warming pans at 11s 3d, £2 5s 0d 2 brass cocks, broke, at 4s 1d, £0 8s 2d 9 copper pumps at 11s, £3 17s 0d 38 brass chafing dishes at 6s 1d, £11 11s 2d 6 copper boiling pots, £8 18s 9.5d 1 copper flesh pan, £0 18s 2.5d 2 copper flesh pans at 11s, £1 2s 0d 2 copper flesh pans at 6s 11d, £0 13s 10d 8 pairs of brass candlesticks at 6s 1.5d, £2 14s 4d 8 flat candlesticks at 3s 9.5d, £1 9s 4d 6 flat candlesticks at 6s 1d, £0 46s 6d 6 flat candlesticks at 3s 5.5d, £1 4s 10d 3 copper tea kettles, 9 pints, at 12s 6d, £1 17s 6d 4 copper tea kettles, 6 pints, at 11s 6d, £2 6s 0d 2 copper tea kettles, 5 pints, at 9s 7.5d, £0 18s 3.5d Total braziery, £50 17s 4d Blocks: 4 iron bound cat blocks at 6s 5d, £1 5s 8d 2 iron bound snatch blocks at 13s 9d, £1 7s 6d 2 iron bound double blocks at 5s, £0 15s 0d 1 single block at 5s, £0 5s 0d Blocks carried over, £3 8s 2d Carried over, £700 0s 5.25d Interpretations The brass chafing dishes, thirty-eight in number and worth better than eleven pounds, were the vessels for keeping food warm at table over a small charcoal fire, and their quantity marks the scale on which the Governor's table and the household were furnished. Holding so many in store shows the establishment provisioned to serve a considerable company at once, the plate and cooking vessels of the fort kept up to the standing of a governor's house rather than a bare garrison mess. The broken items entered at nil or at their reduced worth, the snuffer stands, the brass cocks and other damaged pieces, mark the inventory recording each vessel by its actual condition rather than passing the whole stock as sound. Carrying the broken candlestick stands at no value and the cracked cocks at a lowered rate shows the care with which the stores were taken, the state of every article noted so that the count should show what was serviceable and what was not. The copper and brass ware taken together, the flesh pans, boiling pots, tea kettles, pumps and candlesticks, made up a substantial holding of worked metal kept against the wear and loss of daily use. Maintaining so full a stock of vessels of every size and kind shows the settlement provisioned to replace its household and cooking gear from store as pieces failed, the remoteness of the island making a standing reserve of such ware a necessity rather than a convenience.
319		316	Brought over £ 700 . 0 . 5½ Blocks Brought over £ 3 . 8 . 3 6 Dead Eyes with Iron work 8 . 8 . 2 12 Dead Eyes 3 Double Long Tackles 4s 9 1 . 3 . 9 4 Geer Blocks 6s 1 1 . 4 . 4 10 Topsail Sheet Shouldered 2s 1 . 7 . 0 7 Single Topsail Sheek 2s 4 0 . 16 . 4 24 Clew Garnets 1 . 18 . 9 6 . 14 Inch Leech Lines 1 . 4 . 8 6 . 13 Inch Do 1 Topsail Eye Block 0 . 5 . 0 1 Top Gallant Clew Line 0 . 1 . 1 1 Clew Line Block 0 . 1 . 1 19 . 18 . 4 Brandy 48 Gallons @ 2s 11 8 . 8 . 5 Beef & Pork viz: 7 Puncheons 87 pr Beef @ 12s 13 88 . 16 . 10 10 Hhds Pork 8 . 2 . 6 81 . 5 . 0 258 pr Do received from Ship Sutherland 10 . 15 . 0 180 . 16 . 10 Coals 30 Chaldrons & 30 Bushells @ 11 50 . 8 . 4 Copper Money 698. 60 Irish Half pence 145 . 10 . 10 Combs 34 More not Vendible @ 3 7 . 9 Cutleryware viz: 20 Wood handle Butchers Knives 5 0 . 8 . 4 1 Shoe Knife Spoilt 0 . 0 . 6 4 Cleavers 0 . 10 . 8 1 Buck handle Pauning Knife 0 . 0 . 8½ 2 pr Silver Buckles No 19 0 . 17 . 8 3 pr Do 20 0 . 15 . 4 2 pr Do 21 0 . 19 . 6 2 pr Do 22 0 . 11 . 0 1 . 3 . 8½ Carried over £ 1109 . 14 . 8	Brought over, £700 0s 5.25d. Blocks, brought over £3 8s 3d. 6 dead eyes with iron work, £8 2s 2d 12 dead eyes, £8 2s 2d 5 double long tackles at 4s 9d, £1 3s 9d 4 jeer blocks at 6s 1d, £1 4s 4d 10 topsail sheet, shouldered, at 3s, £1 7s 0d 9 single topsail sheet at 2s 4d, £0 16s 4d 21 clew garnets, £1 18s 9d 6 14 inch leech lines, £0 0s 0d 6 13 inch leech lines, £1 4s 8d 1 topsail eye block, £0 5s 0d 1 topgallant clew line, £0 1s 1d 1 clew line block, £0 1s 1d Total blocks, £19 18s 4d Brandy, 43 gallons at 3s 11d, £8 8s 5d Beef and pork: 71 puncheons of beef at £1 5s 13d, £88 16s 10d 10 hogsheads of pork at £8 2s 6d, £81 5s 0d 258 pieces of pork received from the ship Sutherland, £10 15s 0d Total beef and pork, £180 16s 10d Coal, 30 chaldrons and 30 bushels at 11s, £50 8s 4d Copper money, 698 gross, 60 Irish half pence, £145 10s 10d Combs, 34 horse, not vendible, at 3d, £0 7s 9d Cutlery: 20 wood handle butchers knives at 5d, £0 8s 4d 1 shoe knife, spoilt, £0 0s 6d 4 cleavers, £0 10s 8d 1 buck handle pruning knife, £0 0s 8.5d 2 dozen silver buckles, number 19, £0 17s 8d 2 dozen silver buckles, number 20, £0 15s 4d 3 dozen silver buckles, number 21, £0 19s 6d 2 dozen silver buckles, number 22, £0 11s 0d Total cutlery, £4 3s 8.5d Carried over, £1,109 14s 8d Interpretations The stock of blocks, dead eyes, garnets, sheets and leech lines was the cordage rigging tackle a working port kept to serve the ships that called, the fittings by which sails were hauled and the standing rigging set up. Holding so full a range of ship's blocks in store shows the settlement provisioned to repair and re-rig the vessels working its road, the warehouse standing as a chandlery for the shipping as much as a store for the garrison. The copper money valued at better than £145, held here in bulk with a parcel of Irish halfpence, marks the small coin the settlement kept for the petty dealings its gold and silver could not serve. Carrying so large a stock of low coin shows the island providing for the ordinary daily traffic of the place, the copper needed for small change among the people while the dollars and pagodas answered the greater payments and the trade with the shipping. The horse combs marked not vendible but still carried at threepence, and the several small parcels of silver buckles graded by number, show the inventory taking in even the least saleable and the most trifling of the store. Recording the unsaleable combs at a value and counting the buckles dozen by dozen shows the thoroughness of the reckoning, no article too small or too poor to be numbered and priced in a stocktaking meant to answer for the whole warehouse.
320		317	Brought over £ 1109 . 14 . 8 Cartwheels 1 Pair 9 . 6 . 1 Canvas viz: 7 yards English Canvas @ 14½ 0 . 8 . 5½ 16 yards Hucea Do 13 0 . 17 . 4 131½ 4½ yards Sacking 16½ p yd 97 . 19 . ½ 99 . 4 . 9¾ Cordage 128 . . 8 @ 3s 2d p C 218 . 15 . 9 Deals viz: 20 pr Viga Timber 33 . 13 . 1 4 Ends Oak Timber 6 . 10 . 3½ 46½ feet 3 Inch Plank 7½ p ft 1 . 10 . ½ 10½ feet 5 Inch Do 0 . 12 . ½ 7 Firr or Spruce Plank cont 140 ft 8 . 19 . 2 250 Deals @ 15d 31 . 10 . 0 46 Double Deals over the Hill @ 2s 8 6 . 2 . 8 13½ Inch Elm Board 2 . 2 . 4 39½ Inch Wainscott Do 4 . 11 . 0 18 Sparrs or Rafters 1 . 19 . 7 5 ft Rotten Timber Store use 2 . 16 . 8 100 . 15 . 9¾ Flannells 4 pt 27½ Yards @ 13 p yard 15 . 3 . 2½ Gold & Silver Twist viz: 18 oz Gold Twist @ 9s 4 8 . 10 . 4 13 fl of Do Sleezing 9s 6 . 6 . 0 52 oz Do Abroad 7s 4 24 . 5 . 4 13 doz Silver Twist 7s 4 4 . 19 . 0 21 oz Silver Sleezing 7s 4 28 . 12 . 0 57 oz Do Abroad 7s 4 72 . 12 . 8 Glasware viz: 51 Half plate Crown Glass @ 6d 1 . 10 . 0 920 Sq Glass 12d p ft 8¾ 33 . 10 . 4 35 . 0 . 4 Glasware Carried over £ 35 . 0 . 4 Carried over £ 1625 . 12 . 10½	Brought over, £1,109 14s 8d. Cartwheels, 1 pair, £9 6s 1d. Canvas: 9 yards English canvas at 14.5d, £0 8s 5.5d 16 yards Russia canvas at 13d, £0 17s 4d 121 yards 3.5 yards sacking at 16s 3d per bolt, £97 19s 4.5d Total canvas, £99 4s 9.5d Cordage, 128 hundredweight 3 quarters 4 lb, at £3 4s 2d per hundredweight, £218 15s 9d Deals: 20 pieces of Riga timber, £33 13s 1d 4 pieces of oak timber, £6 19s 3.5d 46.5 feet of 3 inch plank at 7.5d per foot, £1 10s 0.5d 16.5 feet of 5 inch plank, £0 12s 0.5d 7 fir or spruce plank containing 140 feet, £8 19s 2d 252 deals at 2s 6d, £31 10s 0d 46 double deals over the oil at 2s 8d, £6 2s 8d 13 12 inch elm boards, £2 2s 4d 39 12 inch wainscot boards, £4 11s 0d 18 spars or rafters, £1 19s 7d 5 pieces of rotten timber, store use, £2 16s 8d Total deals, £100 15s 9.5d Flannel, 4 pieces, 27.5 yards, at 13d per yard, £15 3s 1.5d Gold and silver twist: 18.5 oz gold twist at 9s per oz, £8 10s 4d 13.5 oz gold sleaving at 9s per oz, £6 6s 0d 52 oz gold thread at 9s per oz, £24 5s 4d 13.5 oz silver twist at 7s per oz, £4 19s 0d 21 oz silver sleaving at 7s per oz, £28 12s 0d 57.5 oz silver thread at 7s per oz, £28 12s 0d Total gold and silver twist, £72 12s 8d Glassware: 5 wall plate crown glass at 6s, £1 10s 0d 920 squares of glass, 124 feet, at 8.5d, £33 10s 4d Glassware carried over, £35 0s 4d Carried over, £1,625 12s 10.5d Interpretations The sacking valued at close to £98, by far the largest item on the canvas line, marks the great quantity of coarse cloth the establishment kept for its cots, its baskets and the countless bags in which rice, flour and provisions were stored and moved. Holding so heavy a stock of sacking shows how much of the settlement's daily work turned on the packing and carrying of goods, the plainest of cloths standing among its most valuable stores by sheer weight of use. The Riga timber, oak, fir and spruce plank, deals and boards together made up a large holding of worked and rough wood, the whole building stock of an island that grew little timber fit for construction. Keeping so full a range of imported wood in store, from ship's spars to elm and wainscot boards, shows the settlement's entire dependence on the shipping for its building material, the warehouse holding against every want of the fort, the plantation and the boats. The gold and silver twist, thread and sleaving, worth better than seventy pounds in the fine metals, were the decorative laces and trimmings for the officers' coats and other formal dress, held in the store by the ounce. Keeping so considerable a value in gold and silver work shows the establishment provisioning even for the finery of its officers, the trimmings that marked rank reckoned a proper charge on the Company's stores like the plain cloth that clothed the men and the slaves.
321		318	Brought over £ 1625 . 12 . 10½ Glasware Brought over £ 35 . 0 . 4 13½ Sqr Glass 8 by 10 @ 1½ 2 . 9 . 10½ 19 Do Do 6 by 8 @ 2 0 . 3 . 2 3 Pint Decanters old Sive @ 2s 4 0 . 7 . 0 3 Beer Glasses Do 1s 7 0 . 1 . 9 22 Half Hour Glasses 8½ 0 . 11 . 11 28 Half Minute Glasses 8½ 0 . 16 . 2 5 Four Hour Glasses 3s 4 0 . 16 . 8 1 Three Hour Do 0 . 3 . 4 64 Wine and Water Glasses or Tumblers 7s 4 2 . 0 . 0 58 Beer Glasses @ 8½ 2 . 1 . 6 29 doz & Wine Glasses 7 5 . 7 . 8 6 Quart Decanters 1 . 18 . 7½ pt Pint Do @ 13s 5 pt 7 Crewels 51 . 17 . 1½ Grindstones viz: 2 Grindstones @ 13s 6d ca 1 . 11 . 0 1 Do 0 . 8 . 4 1 Do 0 . 5 . 0 2 . 4 . 4 Hatts viz: 62 Centinels Hatts 8 . 10 . 6 3 Silver Laced Hatts Tarnished 22s 3 . 6 . 0 6 Plain Hatts 4 . 12 . 2 1 Do Damaged 30 Serjeants Hatts 16 . 10 . 0 32 . 18 . 8 Hooks & Lines viz: 11 doz 2 Lines No 6 @ 5s 6d p doz 12 . 2 . 11 11 doz 1 Do 5 @ 4s 5d p doz 9 . 3 . 7½ Hooks & Lines Carried over £ 21 . 6 . 6½ Carried over £ 1712 . 12 . 11½	Brought over, £1,625 12s 10.5d. Glassware, brought over £35 0s 4d. 138 square glass, 8 by 10, at 4.5d, £2 9s 10.5d 19 square glass, 8 by 8, at 2d, £0 3s 2d 3 pint decanters and store at 2s 1d, £0 7s 0d 3 beer glasses at 1s 1.5d, £0 1s 9d 22 half hour glasses at 6.5d, £0 11s 11d 28 half minute glasses at 6.5d, £0 15s 2d 5 four hour glasses at 3s 4d, £0 16s 8d 1 three hour glass, £0 3s 4d 64 wine and water glasses or tumblers at 7.5d, £2 0s 0d 58 beer glasses at 8.75d, £2 1s 1d 29 dozen 5 wine glasses at 1s, £5 7s 8d 6 quart decanters, £0 0s 0d 12 pint decanters at 13.5d, £1 18s 9.75d 9 cruets, £0 0s 0d Total glassware, £51 17s 0.5d Grindstones: 2 grindstones at 15s 6d each, £1 11s 0d 1 grindstone, £0 8s 4d 1 grindstone, £0 5s 0d Total grindstones, £2 4s 4d Hats: 62 sentinels hats, £8 10s 6d 3 silver laced hats, tarnished, at 22s, £3 6s 0d 6 plain hats, £4 12s 2d 1 hat, damaged, £4 12s 2d 30 sergeants hats, £16 10s 0d Total hats, £32 18s 8d Hooks and lines: 44 dozen 2 lines number 6 at 5s 6d per dozen, £12 2s 11d 44 dozen 7 lines number 5 at 4s 5d per dozen, £9 3s 7.5d Hooks and lines carried over, £21 6s 6.5d Carried over, £1,712 12s 11d Interpretations The many sand glasses, the half hour, half minute, four hour and three hour glasses held in the store, were the timekeepers by which the garrison marked its watches, the guns their firing and the ships their reckoning, kept in quantity against breakage. Holding so full a stock of glasses of every duration shows the settlement provisioned to measure time in a place without reliable clocks, the sand glass being the plain and unfailing instrument on which the fort's routine and the shipping's navigation alike depended. The hats were graded by rank as sharply as any other issue, the plain sentinels' hats at a few shillings, the sergeants' at eleven shillings apiece and the silver laced hats set apart for the officers even when tarnished in store. Carrying the three grades separately shows the establishment marking degree in the very headgear of its men, the same reckoning by rank that ran through the coats, the blankets and the pay carried into the hats the garrison wore. The large stock of fishing lines and hooks, better than eighty dozen in two sizes, marks the settlement's reliance on the fishery to help feed its people, the island's waters a standing source of provision. Keeping so heavy a store of tackle shows fishing treated as a regular part of the establishment's victualling, the same concern for the boats and their gear that ran through the accounts, the sea worked for food as steadily as the plantation was tilled.
322		319	Brought over £ 1712 . 12 . 11½ Hooks & Lines Brought over £ 21 . 6 . 6½ 28 doz 9 Lines No 1 Do 3s 10 p doz 5 . 8 . 9½ 12 doz 3 Do 3 2s 4 p doz 2 . 8 . 2 76 doz 1 Damaged Lines Sorted 28 . 14 . 7 226 Gross 3 doz Hooks sorted 22 . 14 . 6 107625 Blue Hooks 3½ 14 . 9 . 10½ 94 . 18 . 3½ Haberdasheryware viz: 59 pr narrow Diaper Tape @ 13 3 . 1 . 9 222 pr broad Holland Do 7½ 1 . 3 . 8½ 172 pr narrow Do Do 3½ 3 . 13 . 3 28 pr Carnation 1 Do 3 0 . 11 . 8 105 pr broad white 6d Do 2s 11 . 9 . 2 3 pr Do eaten by Ratts 110 pr Coloured Tape 5 . 17 . 3 264 pr Bobbing 3 2 . 18 . 6 4 . 3 oz Whale Bone 4s 9 2 . 3 . 7½ 12½ 14½ oz Balladine Silk 22 p oz 3 . 17 . 11 3 . 2¼ oz Mohair 8d p oz 1 . 16 . 9½ 3 hundred Needles 8d 0 . 16 . 7½ 89 doz Mohair Coat Buttons 6s 8d p Gross 2 . 9 . 3 161 doz 9 Do Breast Do 4d 0 . 14 . 4 12 doz Gilt Coat Buttons do 1 . 12 . 1 112½ yards Ferrit 2¾ 1 . 3 . 8½ 190½ yards Stay Tape 1 . 14 . 9 1 Gross of 3 sand Stay Laces 0 . 6 . 8 26 pr ½ p Narrow Gasferring 5 . 0 . 8 76 Yards Galloon 4d 3 0 . 19 . 0 56 . 16 . 6½ Hosiersware viz: 4½ Girls Worsted Stockings @ 2s 0 . 18 . 0 6½ Womens Do 4s 8 7 . 4 . 0 Hosiersware Carried over £ 17 . 4 . 0 Carried over £ 1864 . 7 . 9½	Brought over, £1,712 12s 11.5d. Hooks and lines, brought over £21 6s 6.5d. 28 dozen 4 lines number 4 at 3s 10.5d per dozen, £5 8s 9.5d 13 dozen 3 lines number 3 at 3s 4d per dozen, £2 2s 2d 96 dozen 1 damaged lines, sorted, £28 14s 7d 226 gross 3 dozen hooks, sorted, £22 14s 6d 109,625 blue hooks at 3.5d, £14 9s 10.5d Total hooks and lines, £94 18s 3.5d Haberdashery: 59 pieces narrow diaper tape at 15d, £3 1s 9d 222 pieces broad Holland tape at 7.5d, £7 3s 1.5d 172 pieces narrow Holland tape at 3.5d, £3 15s 3d 28 pieces carnation tape at 5d, £0 11s 8d 103 pieces broad white tape at 2s, £11 9s 2d 5 pieces of tape eaten by rats, £5 17s 3d 110 pieces coloured tape, £2 18s 6d 264 pieces bobbin at 3d, £2 3s 9.5d 9 lb 3 oz whalebone at 4s 9d, £3 17s 11d 12 lb 18.5 oz balladine silk at 2s 4d per oz, £1 16s 9.5d 3 lb 24 oz mohair at 8d per oz, £0 1s 6.75d 3 hundred needles at 8d, £2 9s 5d 89 dozen mohair coat buttons at 6s 8d per gross, £0 14s 4d 161 dozen 9 breast buttons, £1 12s 1d 12 dozen gilt coat buttons at 2d, £1 5s 8.5d 112.5 yards ferret at 2.5d, £1 11s 9d 190.5 yards stay tape, £0 6s 8d 1 gross 3 dozen stay laces, £5 0s 8d 20 pieces 19 yards gaffering, £0 19s 0d 76 yards gaffering at 3d, £56 16s 6.5d Total haberdashery, £56 16s 6.5d Hosiery: 50 pairs girls worsted stockings at 2s, £0 10s 0d 2 pairs womens stockings at 3s 8d, £0 7s 4d Hosiery carried over, £0 17s 4d Carried over, £1,864 7s 9.75d Interpretations The vast holding of fish hooks, better than a hundred and nine thousand blue hooks alone besides many gross of sorted hooks and dozens of lines, marks the fishery on a scale far beyond the household's own table. Keeping so immense a stock of tackle shows the settlement provisioning the fishing of the whole establishment, and perhaps supplying its slaves and inhabitants, the sea worked as a principal source of food for a garrison and plantation that could not feed themselves from the land alone. The parcel of tape entered as eaten by rats, still carried at better than five pounds, marks the standing plague of vermin that the council had laid before the Company years before when the rats overran the Great Wood. Recording the loss to the rats as a distinct line in the stock shows the pest reaching even into the warehouse to spoil the finer goods, the same trouble that killed the island's timber gnawing at its stores of cloth and tape. The great range of haberdashery, the tapes, buttons, silk, mohair, whalebone and stay laces, was the whole stock of a mercer and outfitter kept to clothe and mend for the settlement. Holding so full a variety of small wares shows the establishment provisioned to make and repair its own garments down to the buttons and the bindings, the remoteness of the island requiring a warehouse that could furnish every trifle a tailor or a household might want.
323		320	Brought over £ 1864 . 7 . 9½ Hosiersware Brought over £ 17 . 4 . 0 6¼ Boys Worsted Stockings @ 2s 9 0 . 13 . 0 2½ pr Womens Do 3s 6 4 . 2 . 0 5 . 12 . 4 Sacks 12 Sorted & Spoilt @ 35s p doz 21 . 4 . 0 Iron Potts 11 Small @ 3s 11 2 . 3 . 1 Iron 15 . 2 . 18 @ 14s 10 . 19 . 3 Ironmongersware viz: 21 Bolt shore Needles @ 1½ 0 . 2 . 2½ 1 Iron Limbd Lock & without a key 0 . 1 . 16 1 Stock Lock without a key 0 . 0 . 11½ 2 Large Do Spoilt 1 . 4 . 0 11 Clock Locks with pipes 3s 4 2 . 14 . 1 1 Do without a key 0 . 4 . 11 6 Stock Locks @ 6s 2 1 . 16 . 3 1 Do good for nothing 0 . 0 . 0 9 Iron rimbd Locks not Vendible 4 . 0 . 6 14 Do not Vendible 6 . 17 . 10 8 Do with keys quite Spoilt 4 . 12 . 8 1 Large brass Lock not Vendible 0 . 9 . 0 3 Small brass Locks with keys 0 . 16 . 0 11 Slit Locks damaged @ 2s 1 1 . 2 . 11 2 Do 1s 5 0 . 8 . 10 18 Box Locks with Brass plates @ 1s 10 1 . 13 . 0 7 Iron limbed Box Locks 1s 8 0 . 11 . 8 13 Escutcheon Locks with Brass Plates 2 . 3 . 2½ 75 Broad Hoes @ 20½ 6 . 18 . 4½ 6 Do Rusty 13 Jack Plains @ 1s 10 1 . 3 . 10 2 Long Plains 3s 9½ 0 . 7 . 8½ Ironmongers ware Carried over£ Carried over £ 1904 . 6 . 5¾	Brought over, £1,864 7s 9.75d. Hosiery, brought over £0 17s 4d. 6 pairs boys worsted stockings at 2s 2d, £0 13s 0d 2 pairs womens stockings at 3s 5d, £4 2s 0d Total hosiery, £5 12s 4d Jacks, 12, sorted and spoilt, at 35s 4d each, £21 4s 0d Iron pots, 11 small, at 3s 11d, £2 3s 1d Iron, 15 hundredweight 2 quarters 18 lb, at 14s, £10 19s 3d Ironmongery: 21 bolt rope needles at 1s 4d, £0 2s 9.5d 1 iron rimmed lock without a key, £0 1s 11d 1 iron lock without a key, £0 0s 11.5d 2 large iron locks, spoilt, £1 4s 0d 11 stock locks with pipes at 4s 4d, £2 14s 1d 1 stock lock without a key, £0 4s 11d 6 stock locks at 6s 2.5d, £1 16s 3d 1 stock lock, good for nothing, £0 0s 1d 9 iron rimmed locks, not vendible, £4 0s 1d 11 iron rimmed locks, not vendible, £6 17s 10d 8 iron rimmed locks with keys, quite spoilt, £4 12s 8d 1 large brass lock, not vendible, £0 9s 0d 3 small brass locks with keys, £0 16s 0d 11 till locks, damaged, at 3s 1d, £1 2s 11d 2 till locks at 1s 5d, £0 8s 10d 18 box locks with brass plates at 2s 10d, £1 13s 0d 7 iron rimmed box locks at 1s 8d, £0 11s 8d 15 furniture locks with brass plates, £2 3s 2.5d 95 broad hoes at 20.5d, £6 18s 1.5d 6 broad hoes, rusty, £6 18s 1.5d 13 jack planes at 1s 10d, £1 3s 10d 2 long planes at 3s 10.5d, £0 7s 8.5d Ironmongery carried over, £0 0s 0d Carried over, £1,904 6s 5.25d Interpretations The great mass of locks entered as spoilt, not vendible or good for nothing, yet still counted and priced in the store, marks the accumulation of unserviceable ironmongery that a remote warehouse could neither sell nor readily replace. Carrying so many damaged and worthless locks on the books rather than discarding them shows the thoroughness of the reckoning and the difficulty of the island's supply, even useless iron held and numbered where nothing could be thrown away without account. The jacks, the mechanical spits for turning meat before a fire, held at better than twenty-one pounds though sorted as spoilt, mark the kitchen equipment of a household that roasted for a considerable table. Valuing even the damaged jacks so highly shows the worth of such worked machinery on the island, the spits being costly imported gear that had to be kept and mended rather than replaced whenever they failed. The distinction the inventory draws between sound locks with their keys and the many marked not vendible or spoilt shows the store taking careful account of what could still be used and what could not. Grading the ironmongery so finely, the serviceable locks apart from the rusted, keyless and broken, shows the reckoning meant to tell the Company not merely what stood in the warehouse but what part of it was of any real use, the dead stock separated in the count from the live.
324		321	Brought over £ 1904 . 6 . 5¾ Ironmongersware Brought over 10 Padlocks @ 2s 7 2 . 9 . 1 34 Plains Irons 1s 2 0 . 17 . 3 12 Do Spoilt 3 Plains Sorted and Spoilt 1s 3 0 . 6 . 8 15 Lopping Axes 2s 3 1 . 15 . 0 12 Gouges 1s 9½ 0 . 2 . 9 1 Do broke 0 . 0 . 2½ 23 pr Sheep Sheers 1 . 4 . 11 16 Adzes 2s 3 1 . 12 . 6 30 Ragstones 0 . 2 . 8½ 22 Scrapers 1s 1 . 16 . 8 24 Broke 0 . 3 . 4 5 Edging Irons 1 . 8 . 3½ 2 Do Broke 10 Surfing Irons 1 . 8 . 9 13 Large Frying Pans 3s 3 2 . 4 . 6 1 Do Rusty 0 . 6 . 3 . 3 72 Soldiers Frying Pans @ 1s 6 . 0 . 0 6 Iron and Sugar Shovells 1s 1 0 . 9 . 6 8 Steel Fox Traps 8s 3 Rusty 3 . 6 . 0 2 Double Spring Do 27s 6 2 . 15 . 0 3 Steel Ratt Traps good for nothing 0 . 0 . 0 32 Maccles 3s 8½ 5 . 18 . 4½ 2 Keyhole Saws 2s 3 0 . 4 . 6 10 Pick Axes 2s 6 1 . 5 . 0 3 Hand Hammers 0 . 5 . 0 3 Augers 0 . 7 . 11½ 3½ Lead Nails 10d 5½ 1 . 3 . 8 Ironmongersware Carried over Carried over £ 1904 . 6 . 5¾	Brought over, £1,904 6s 5.25d. Ironmongery, brought over. 19 padlocks at 2s 7d, £2 9s 1d 34 plane irons at 4.5d, £0 9s 0d 12 plane irons, spoilt, £0 17s 3d 5 planes, sorted and spoilt, at 1s 4d, £0 6s 8d 16 lopping axes at 2s 4d, £1 15s 0d 12 gouges at 9.5d, £0 2s 9d 1 gouge, broke, £0 0s 2.5d 23 pairs sheep shears, £1 4s 11d 16 adzes at 2s 2d, £1 12s 6d 30 ragstones, £0 2s 8.5d 22 scrapers at 1s 8d, £1 16s 8d 2 scrapers, broke, £0 3s 4d 5 edging irons, £1 8s 3.5d 2 edging irons, broke, £1 8s 3.5d 10 swaging irons, £1 8s 9d 13 large frying pans at 3s 3d, £2 4s 5d 1 large frying pan, spoilt, £0 3s 3d 172 soldiers frying pans at 8.5d, £6 0s 0d 6 iron and sugar shovels at 1s 7d, £0 9s 6d 8 steel fox traps at 8s 3d, £3 6s 0d 2 double spring fox traps at 27s 6d, rusty, £2 15s 0d 3 steel rat traps, good for nothing, £0 0s 0d 32 marlin spikes at 3s 8.5d, £5 18s 1.5d 2 whip hand saws at 2s 3d, £0 4s 6d 10 pickaxes at 2s 6d, £1 5s 0d 3 hand hammers, £0 7s 11.5d 3 augers at 2s 2d, £0 5s 8d 36 lead nails at 5.5d, £1 3s 8d Ironmongery carried over, £0 0s 0d Carried over, £1,904 6s 5.25d Interpretations The 172 soldiers' frying pans held in one line, worth six pounds, mark the plain messing gear kept in bulk to equip the garrison, each man or mess needing the means to cook his ration. Holding so many of a single humble article shows the establishment provisioned to furnish the whole guard with its cooking gear from store, the soldiers' frying pan reckoned a standing issue like the cot and the blanket. The several fox and rat traps, some rusty and some good for nothing, mark the settlement's continuing war on the vermin that had long plagued the island's timber and stores. Keeping traps in the warehouse, even worn and useless ones still counted, shows the pest treated as a standing enemy against which the establishment stood provisioned, the same rats that gnawed the tape and killed the trees hunted with iron the Company kept in stock. The wide range of edged and boring tools, the adzes, lopping axes, gouges, scrapers, saws, pickaxes and augers, made up the full kit of the settlement's carpenters, coopers and labourers held against constant wear. Maintaining so complete a store of hand tools, sound and spoilt alike, shows the establishment keeping its own crafts and works supplied from the warehouse, the remoteness of the island requiring a standing reserve of every implement its tradesmen and its plantation might want.
325		322	Brought over £ 1904 . 6 . 5¾ Ironware Brought over 26 Dull Bow Strings damaged by Ratts 0 . 17 . 8 12 Dull Boxes 2 . 3 . 4 6 doz file hask Sorted 0 . 4 . 6 10 Scyth Stones @ 1½ 0 . 1 . 3 3 . 12 oz Trap wire 0 . 9 . 4½ 280 Large Sacking Needles 1¾ 1 . 19 . 10 1 doz Joyners Chizells & Gouges 0 . 11 . 0 13 Joyners Hatchets 1 2s 1 . 6 . 0 20 Chizells 1s 11 0 . 18 . 4 11 Firmers 3 0 . 2 . 9 96 Large Gimbletts 2s 5 1 . 2 . 5½ 22½ doz Small Gimbletts 1s 4 1 . 13 . 9 17 Bricklayers Axes 1s 3 2 . 15 . 3 18 Trowells 1s 0 . 18 . 0 33 Grubbing Hoes 2 . 2 . 9½ 64 Caulking Irons 7d 1 . 19 . 1 129 Small Stone Wedges 8 4 . 6 . 0 7 Curriers Knives 7s 8 2 . 3 . 8 3 Drawing Do 11s 0 . 15 . 0 6 Sickles 2s 3 0 . 13 . 0 13 Reap Hooks 6½ 0 . 7 . ½ 4 Hay Forks 0 . 8 . 6 1 Thimble Stock 8s 4 1 . 14 . 0 21 Belsoney Bolts 206 Nailed Bolts 7½ 7 . 8 . 6 89 Dutch Rings 0 . 8 . 9 342 Staples 1 . 3 . 9½ Ironware Carried over Carried over £ 1904 . 6 . 5¾	Brought over, £1,904 6s 5.25d. Ironware, brought over. 24 drill bow strings, damaged by rats, £0 17s 8d 15 drill bows, £0 3s 4d 6 dozen file brass, sorted, £0 4s 6d 10 scythe stones at 1.5d, £0 1s 3d 3 lb 12 oz brass wire, £0 9s 4.5d 280 large packing needles at 1.5d, £1 19s 10d 1 dozen turners chisels and gouges, £0 11s 0d 15 joiners hatchets at 2s, £1 6s 0d 20 chisels at 11d, £0 18s 4d 11 turners at 3d, £0 2s 9d 96 large gimlets at 2.75d, £1 2s 5.5d 22.5 dozen small gimlets at 1s 4d, £1 13s 9d 17 bricklayers axes at 3s 3d, £2 15s 3d 18 trowels at 1s, £0 18s 0d 33 grubbing hoes at 1s 4d, £2 2s 9.5d 64 caulking irons at 2d, £1 19s 1d 129 small stone wedges at 8d, £4 6s 0d 7 curriers knives at 7s 8d, £2 3s 8d 3 drawing knives at 5s, £0 15s 0d 6 sickles at 2s 2d, £0 13s 0d 13 reap hooks at 6.5d, £0 7s 0.5d 4 hay forks, £0 8s 6d 4 thimble stock at 8s 6d, £1 14s 0d 21 balcony bolts, £0 0s 0d 206 plate bolts at 7.5d, £1 8s 6d 89 Dutch rings, £0 8s 9d 342 staples, £1 3s 9.5d Ironware carried over, £0 0s 0d Carried over, £1,904 6s 5.25d Interpretations The reaping hooks, sickles, hay forks and scythe stones held among the ironware mark the harvest and haymaking tackle the plantation needed each season, the same cutting gear the stores account had lately supplied for the winter cutting. Keeping a standing reserve of such tools in the warehouse shows the establishment provisioned to arm its labour for the gathering of hay and crop, the plantation's yearly work supplied from a stock held ready against the season's demand. The caulking irons and stone wedges held in quantity mark two of the settlement's staple works, the caulking of the boats that served the road and the splitting of stone for the fort's walls and platforms. Holding well over a hundred stone wedges and many caulking irons shows the warehouse provisioned for the heavy building and boat work that ran through the accounts, the tools of the mason and the boat carpenter kept in bulk against the constant labour on the fabric. The drill bow strings damaged by rats, carried at their reduced worth, mark once more the vermin reaching into the store to spoil even the tackle of the tradesmen's tools. Recording the loss to the rats among the ironware, as the tape had been recorded eaten on an earlier leaf, shows how far the pest ranged through the warehouse, the same plague gnawing indifferently at cloth, at cordage and at the strings of the workmen's drills.
326		323	Brought over £ 1904 . 6 . 5¾ Ironware Brought over 3 Whipsawes 3 . 7 . 10½ 8 Axeltrees and Winches 2s 0 . 16 . 0 4 Hand Spitts 2s 6 0 . 10 . 0 30 pr Joiners 1 . 17 . 6 3 Augers 0 . 1 . 6 13 Gimblets Bills 0 . 3 . 3 10 Whip saw file 0 . 5 . 6 3 pr Garden Sheers 0 . 7 . 9 30 Palms 0 . 0 . 0 20 Brass Deutcheons 0 . 0 . 0 107 Taylors Thimbles 1½ 0 . 13 . 4½ 122 . 1 . 7½ Lead viz: 64 . 3 . 27 Sheet Lead 19d 52 . 4 . 10 5 . 2 . 27 Pigg Lead 3d 5 . 7 . 2 10 Yards 2 Inch Pipe 4 . 15 . 6 62 . 7 . 6 Masts viz: 1 Fish 36½ feet Long 7 . 10 . 0 1 Large Mast 76 feet Long 22 Inch Diameter 40 . 18 . 6 1 Large Do 76 feet Long 21 Do Do 33 . 11 . 0 1 Nute Topmast 18 . 0 . 0 1 Topmast 66½ ft Long 16½ In Deal 16 . 0 . 0 1 Do 70 ft Do 17½ Do 18 . 0 . 0 1 Do 62½ ft Do 17½ Do 21 . 15 . 0 1 pr of a Topmast Spoiled 0 . 0 . 0 1 pr of a Fish Spoiled 0 . 0 . 0 2 Caps 3 . 3 . 0 Mast Carried over £ 138 . 19 . 6 Carried over £ 2088 . 13 . 6½	Brought over, £1,904 6s 5.25d. Ironware, brought over. 3 whipsaws, £3 7s 10.5d 8 axletrees and winches at 2s, £0 16s 0d 9 hand spits at 2s 6d, £0 10s 0d 30 dozen farriers, £1 17s 6d 3 augers, £0 1s 6d 13 gimlet bits, £0 3s 3d 10 whip saw files, £0 5s 6d 3 dozen garden shears, £0 7s 9d 30 palms, £0 0s 0d 20 brass escutcheons, £0 0s 0d 109 taylors thimbles at 1.5d, £0 13s 4.5d Total ironware, £129 1s 7.5d Lead: 54 hundredweight 3 quarters 27 lb sheet lead at 19s, £52 4s 10d 5 hundredweight 2 quarters 27 lb pig lead, £5 7s 2d 10 yards 2 inch pipe, £4 15s 6d Total lead, £62 7s 6d Masts: 1 fish, 56.5 feet long, £7 10s 0d 1 large mast, 76 feet long, 22 inch diameter, £40 18s 6d 1 large mast, 76 feet long, 21 inch diameter, £33 11s 0d 1 mate topmast, £18 0s 0d 1 topmast, 46.5 feet long, 16.5 inch, dead, £16 0s 0d 1 topmast, 40 feet, 17.5 inch, £18 0s 0d 1 topmast, 63.5 feet, 17.5 inch, £21 15s 0d 1 fifth of a topmast, spoiled, £0 0s 0d 1 fifth of a fish, £3 3s 0d 2 caps, £0 0s 0d Total masts, £138 19s 6d Carried over, £2,088 13s 6.5d Interpretations The masts, topmasts, fishes and caps held in store, some worth better than forty pounds apiece, were the great spars kept to re-mast or repair the ships that called at the road, a fish being a length of timber used to strengthen a sprung mast. Holding so costly a stock of ship's timber shows the settlement provisioned as a repair yard for the shipping, the island standing ready to furnish a homeward or outward vessel with the largest and dearest gear it might need. The sheet and pig lead held in hundredweights, with the ten yards of two inch pipe, mark the metal kept both for roofing and covering and for the standing work of carrying water down to the fort. Keeping so heavy a stock of lead shows the establishment provisioned for its conduit and its buildings alike, the same water works that the stores account fed a few yards of pipe at a time drawing on a warehouse reserve held ready for the purpose. The spars entered as dead or spoiled, still counted though a fifth of a topmast was marked worthless, show the inventory recording even the damaged ship's timber that could not be sent back to the shipping. Carrying the flawed spars at no value while the sound ones stood at their full price shows the store distinguishing the serviceable from the useless in its most valuable holding, the damaged timber kept for such structural use as the works might find, as the mast girders cut for the slave houses had lately shown.
327		324	Brought over £ 2088 . 13 . 6½ Masts Brought over £ 138 . 17 . 6 1 Sheer Mast 69 ft Long 6 Inched Diameter 13 . 0 . 0 ½ of a Topmast 33½ feet Long 17½ In Do 8 . 10 . 0 182 . 7 . 6 Mathematical Instruments 47 . 3 . 11 Mustard Seed 3 Bushells 10s 1½ 2 . 17 . 8¾ Nails viz: 4372 Spike Nails 3½ 59 . 4 . 1 346lb Flooring Brads 5d 9 . 13 . 4½ 11½ . . 4d Nails 1½ 0 . 1 . 4½ 31½ Coopers Rivetts 3½ 0 . 4 . 3½ 194 Scupper Nails 3½ 11 . 10 . 3 396 . . 20d Nails 3½ 3 . 3 . 2½ 300 . . 30d Do 3½ 4 . 7 . 6 57 . . 40d Do 3½ 0 . 16 . 9½ 6½ Glazing Brads 12½ 0 . 6 . 9½ 92 . 8 . 9¼ Oars viz: 6 . 22 feet Oars 5s 8 1 . 14 . 0 11 . 18 ft Do 4s 8 2 . 11 . 4 8 . 16 ft Do 2s 6 1 . 8 . 0 4 . 14 ft Do 3s 4 0 . 13 . 4 13 . 6 . 8 Oil viz: 542½ Gallons Lynseed 4s 3 119 . 16 . 7½ 248 Do Rape and Train 3s 4 41 . 6 . 8 58 Do Doak 9 . 13 . 4 74 Bottles Florence 2s 6 p Bottley 9 . 5 . 0 180 . 1 . 7½ Carried over £ 2607 . 2 . 9	Brought over, £2,088 13s 6.5d. Masts, brought over £158 17s 6d. 1 sheer mast, 81 feet long, 21 inch diameter, £15 0s 0d 0.5 of a topmast, 33 feet long, 17.5 inch diameter, £8 10s 0d Total masts, £182 7s 6d Mathematical instruments, £47 5s 11d Mustard seed, 3 bushels, at 19s 1.5d, £2 17s 3.5d Nails: 4,372 spike nails at 3.5d, £59 4s 1d 546 flooring brads at 4.5d, £9 13s 4.5d 11 4 penny nails at 1.5d, £0 1s 4.5d 31.5 coopers rivets at 5.5d, £0 14s 5.75d 191 scupper nails at 6.5d, £11 16s 3d 396 20 penny nails at 3.5d, £5 3s 2.5d 300 30 penny nails at 3.5d, £4 7s 6d 59 40 penny nails at 3.5d, £0 16s 9.5d 6.5 glazing brads at 12.5d, £0 6s 9.5d Total nails, £92 8s 9.5d Oars: 6 22 feet oars at 5s 8d, £1 14s 0d 11 18 feet oars at 4s 8d, £2 11s 8d 8 16 feet oars at 3s 6d, £1 8s 0d 4 14 feet oars at 3s 4d, £0 13s 4d Total oars, £13 6s 8d Oil: 542.5 gallons of linseed at 4s 5d, £119 16s 7.5d 248 gallons of rape and train at 3s 4d, £41 6s 8d 58 gallons of rape, £9 13s 4d 94 bottles of Florence at 2s 6d per bottle, £9 5s 0d Total oil, £180 1s 7.5d Carried over, £2,609 2s 9d Interpretations The mathematical instruments held at better than forty-seven pounds, the dearest single line among these stores, were the surveying and navigating tools the settlement needed to lay out its lands and to serve the shipping, kept as costly and delicate gear. Holding so valuable a stock of instruments shows the establishment provisioned for the exact work of measurement, the surveys of land and the reckoning of position that the government and the ships alike depended on in a place remote from any other supply. The large holding of oil, well over five hundred gallons of linseed besides the rape and train, marks the vast quantity the settlement burned for light and used to preserve its timber, leather and iron against the damp sea air. Keeping so heavy a reserve shows how much of the establishment's daily working turned on oil, the lamps of the fort and the maintenance of its stores drawing on a stock held in the hundreds of gallons against the island's constant need. The nails counted to the single piece, from the great parcels of spike nails down to a few glazing brads, and the oars graded by their length, show the inventory numbering the least and the most particular of the store with the same exactness. Reckoning better than four thousand spike nails by tale and pricing each size of oar by its measure shows the thoroughness of the whole stocktaking, no article too small in itself or too plain to be counted and valued in a reckoning meant to answer for every item in the warehouse.
328		325	Brought over £ 2607 . 2 . 9 Paint viz: 8 . 1 . 19 White Lead @ 28s 10d p C 12 . 2 . 2 1 . . 3 Umber 4s p C 1 . 18 . 4 2 . 2 . 8 Yellow Oaker 6s 2½ p C 3 . 0 . 0 2 . 3 . 9 Red Lead 16s 3d p C 2 . 5 . 11¾ 5 . . . Brimstone 6 . 0 . 10 1 . 26 Do damaged 30s p C 0 . 14 . 5 . 3 . 20 Red Oaker 27s p C 1 . 1 . 8 1 . 2 . 25 Spanish White damaged 2s 1d 3 . 9 . ½ 1 . 1 . 9 Blue Smalts 20s p C 13 . 5 . 0 . . 19 Indico 20s p C 1 . 11 . 8 42 . 4 . 4½ Pease & Grotts viz: 71½ Bushells Pease @ 7s 5d p Bshls 27 . 9 . 1¾ 3 Bushells Grotts 6s 10½ 1 . 0 . 7½ 28 . 10 . 3½ Pewter viz: 10 Cheese Plates @ 6d 3 . 0 . 0 3 Covers for Dishes not vendible 3s 10 0 . 11 . 6 1 Gallon Potts 9s 11 1 . 19 . 8 1½ Two quart Potts 2s 2 3 . 7 . 2 1. One quart Pott 0 . 3 . 4 38 quart Funnells 2s 3 4 . 3 . 6 22 doz Pewter Spoons 2s 1 2 . 5 . 10 4 doz 3 Alcheny Spoons 5s 10 1 . 4 . 9½ 8 Cullenders 6s 4 2 . 8 . 4 22 Dishes @ 6s 6 16 . 9 . 8 1 Do 7s 4 16 Do 8s Pewter Carried over £ 35 . 13 . 9½ Carried over £ 2677 . 17 . 8¾	Brought over, £2,609 2s 9d. Paint: 8 hundredweight 1 quarter 19 lb white lead at 28s 10d per hundredweight, £12 2s 2d 1 hundredweight 3 lb umber at 4d per lb, £1 18s 4d 2 hundredweight 2 quarters 8 lb yellow ochre at 2.5d per lb, £3 0s 0d 2 hundredweight 3 quarters 9 lb red lead at 16.5d per lb, £2 5s 11.5d 5 hundredweight brimstone, £6 0s 10d 1 hundredweight 25 lb brimstone, damaged, at 30s per hundredweight, £0 14s 5d 3 quarters 20 lb red ochre at 2.5d per lb, £1 1s 8d 1 hundredweight 2 quarters 25 lb Spanish white, damaged, at 2s 1d per hundredweight, £0 3s 9.5d 1 hundredweight 1 quarter 9 lb blue smalt at 20s per hundredweight, £13 3s 0d 19 lb indigo at 20s per lb, £1 11s 8d Total paint, £42 4s 1.5d Peas and groats: 91.5 bushels peas at 5s 8.5d per bushel, £27 9s 7.5d 3 bushels groats at 6s 10.5d, £1 0s 7.5d Total peas and groats, £28 10s 3d Pewter: 10 cheese plates at 6d, £3 0s 0d 3 covers for dishes, not vendible, at 3s 10d, £0 11s 6d 1 gallon pot at 9s 11d, £1 19s 8d 15 two quart pots at 5s 2d, £3 7s 2d 1 one quart pot, £0 3s 4d 38 quart funnels at 2s 3d, £4 5s 6d 22 dozen pewter spoons at 2s 4d, £1 4s 9.5d 4 dozen 3 alchemy spoons at 3s 10d, £2 8s 4d 8 cullenders at 6s 1.5d, £2 8s 4d 22 dishes at 6s 6d, £16 7s 8d 7 dishes at 7s 4d, £16 7s 8d 16 dishes at 8s 1d, £16 7s 8d Total pewter, £35 13s 9.5d Carried over, £2,677 17s 4.25d Interpretations The paints held in bulk, the white lead, ochres, red lead, smalt and indigo, were the pigments the settlement needed to preserve and colour its timber, its buildings and its ironwork against the sea air. Keeping so full a stock of paint shows the establishment provisioned for the constant maintenance of its fabric, the same painter's materials the stores account had lately drawn on held in the warehouse in the hundredweight against the wear of the climate. The brimstone held in quantity marks a material of many uses, in medicine, in the making of matches and fireworks, and in the treatment of the very mange among the goats that the council had ordered dealt with days before. Holding five hundredweight of it shows the substance reckoned a staple of the stores, its wide service in physic, in fire and in the doctoring of diseased stock making it a standing necessary of the establishment. The pewter dishes, plates, pots and spoons held in quantity, some marked not vendible yet still counted, made up the tableware of a household that served a considerable company. Keeping so full a stock of pewter shows the fort's table provisioned to the standing of a governor's house, the vessels held in numbers against breakage and loss, and even the unserviceable pieces numbered in a reckoning that passed over nothing in the store.
329		326	Brought over £ 2677 . 17 . 8¾ Pewter Brought over £ 35 . 13 . 9½ 6 Dishes @ 19d 7 . 0 . 0 6 Do 13s 4 1 doz Soup Plates 1 . 0 . 0 2 Worm Tubbs and Stills 21 . 4 . 8 64 . 18 . 5½ Pitch and Tarr viz: 41 . 1 . 19 Pitch @ 9s 7½ p C 19 . 16 . 11½ 23 . 2 . 14 Tarr 7s 8 p C 9 . 1 . 1½ 8 . 1 . 19 Do Drops 7s 8 p C 3 . 4 . 6 8 Barrells Turpentine @ 1. 14. 3 p Barly 13 . 18 . 0 3 Do 64 pt of a Barrel big Cask 17 . 24 1½ 10 . 12 . 3½ 56 . 12 . 10½ Starch & Hair Powder viz: 31 Starch @ 5 0 . 12 . 11 105 Hair Powder 6¾ 2 . 19 . 2½ 3 . 11 . 11½ Shoes viz: 230 pr Mens Ordinary 1s 1½ 17 . 8 . 9 2 pr Womens Spoiled 2s 9 0 . 3 . 6 3 pr Girls 1s 10½ 0 . 9 . 1½ 21 pr Boys Ordinary 3s 1½ 3 . 3 . 10½ 6 pr Do fine 3s 8 1 . 2 . 0 16 pr Do Sorted 3s 2 2 . 10 . 8 5 Womens Lasts 8 0 . 3 . 4 1 Girls Last 0 . 0 . 4¼ 55 . 3 . 10½ Salt 17½ Bushells @ 5s 10 5 . 2 . 1 1½ pr 14 @ 6d Soap 2 . 2 . 13 @ 7½ 9 . 3 . 1½ Carried over £ 2872 . 2 . 9	Brought over, £2,677 17s 4.25d. Pewter, brought over £35 13s 9.5d. 6 dishes at 12s, £7 0s 0d 6 dishes at 13s 1d, £7 0s 0d 1 dozen soup plates, £1 0s 0d 2 worm tubs and stills, £21 4s 8d Total pewter, £64 18s 5.5d Pitch and tar: 41 hundredweight 1 quarter 19 lb pitch at 9s 17d per hundredweight, £19 16s 11.5d 23 hundredweight 2 quarters 14 lb tar at 7s 8d per hundredweight, £9 1s 1.5d 8 hundredweight 1 quarter 19 lb tar dross at 9s 8d per hundredweight, £3 4s 6d 8 barrels turpentine, 2 hundredweight 1 quarter 14 lb every barrel, £13 18s 0d 5 barrels of the same, 19 hundredweight, £10 12s 3.5d Total pitch and tar, £56 12s 10.5d Starch and hair powder: 31 lb starch at 5d, £0 12s 11d 105 lb hair powder at 6.5d, £2 19s 0.5d Total starch and hair powder, £3 11s 11.5d Shoes: 230 pairs mens ordinary at 1s 6.5d, £17 8s 9d 2 pairs womens, spoilt, at 2s 9d, £0 5s 6d 5 pairs girls at 1s 10.5d, £0 9s 4.5d 21 pairs boys ordinary at 3s 0.5d, £3 3s 10.5d 8 pairs boys fine at 3s 8d, £1 2s 0d 16 pairs boys, sorted, at 3s 2d, £2 10s 8d 5 womens lasts at 8d, £0 3s 4d 1 girls last, £0 0s 4.5d Total shoes, £55 3s 10.5d Salt, 17.5 bushels, at 5s 10d, £5 2s 1d Soap, 2 hundredweight 2 quarters 13 lb, at 27.5d, £9 3s 1.5d Carried over, £2,872 2s 9d Interpretations The worm tubs and stills held at better than twenty-one pounds were the apparatus for distilling spirits, the worm being the coiled tube in which the vapour condensed, kept for making arrack or other liquor on the island. Holding so costly a set of distilling gear shows the establishment provisioned to produce its own spirits from the sugar and materials it drew from the East, the still reckoned a valuable and permanent part of the Company's plant. The hair powder held by the pound marks the fine dressing that officers and gentlemen wore on their wigs and hair, a nicety of dress kept in the store beside the plain necessaries of the garrison. Provisioning even for the powdering of the officers' heads shows how far the warehouse stocked for the standing and appearance of the establishment's better sort, the same reckoning by rank that ran through the hats and the fine cloth carried into the powder they wore. The shoes held in quantity and graded by sex, age and quality, from mens ordinary to boys fine, with the lasts for making and mending them, mark the settlement provisioned to shoe its whole community and to keep the trade in hand. Holding both the finished shoes and the lasts on which they were shaped shows the establishment not merely stocking footwear but keeping the means to make and repair it, the island's remoteness requiring that even so common a want be met from its own store and craft.
330		327	Brought over £ 2872 . 9 . 9 Soldiers Cloaths viz: 1 Drummers Coat 2 . 15 . 0 86 Centinels Coats @ 23s 1 99 . 5 . 2 37 doz 6 doz Lossing 2 . 8 . 2 104 . 8 . 4 Scales & Weights viz: 3 pr Brass Males Store use 18 . 3 . 6 2 pr Brass Scales 5 Beams for Scales 35 . 15 . 0 1 pr Scale Boards 8 . 5 . 0 1 pr Do Rotten 12 . 3 . 6 Thread viz: 1½ Minted Brown Thread @ 5s 6 0 . 8 . 3 28 Do 4s 1 5 . 4 . 4 6½ Do 3s 3 1 . 13 . 3½ 25 Do 4s 9 5 . 18 . 9 36½ Do 5s 7 10 . 2 . 4¾ 64½ Coloured 7s 3½ 7 . 7 . 9½ 44 . 1 oz Nuns Sorted 44 . 1 . 9 75 . 9 . 7½ Turnersware viz: 50 Hair Brooms Damaged 1s 2 3 . 8 . 9 65 Scubbing Brushes 1s 2 4 . 6 . 8 10 Tubb Mops Yashes 1s 4 0 . 10 . 10 183 Wood Bottles 7 5 . 6 . 9 13 Six Bowes 7½ 0 . 17 . 10½ 117 Platters 7d 3 . 8 . 3 51 Wood Ladles 9 0 . 4 . 8 . 6 1 Do broke Turnersware Carried over £ 17 . 19 . 7½ Carried over £ 3114 . 11 . 2½	Brought over, £2,872 2s 9d. Soldiers clothes: 1 drummers coat, £2 15s 0d 86 sentinels coats at 23s 1d, £99 5s 2d 39 dozen 6 dozen looping, £2 8s 2d Total soldiers clothes, £104 8s 4d Scales and weights: 3 dozen brass scales, store use, £0 0s 0d 2 dozen brass scales, £18 3s 6d 5 beams for scales, £35 15s 0d 1 dozen scale boards, £8 5s 0d 1 dozen platten, £8 5s 0d Total scales and weights, £62 3s 6d Thread: 1.5 lb white and brown thread at 5s 6d, £0 8s 3d 28 lb thread at 2s 1d, £5 4s 4d 9.5 lb thread at 3s 5d, £1 13s 3.75d 25 lb thread at 1s 9d, £3 18s 9d 36.5 lb thread at 5s 9d, £10 2s 1.75d 6.5 lb coloured thread at 2s 3.5d, £7 7s 9.5d 44 dozen 1 oz needles, sorted, £11 1s 9d Total thread, £75 9s 7.5d Turnery: 50 hair brooms, damaged, at 1s 4.5d, £3 8s 9d 65 scrubbing brushes at 1s 3d, £4 6s 8d 10 tubb mens yokes at 1s 3d, £0 10s 10d 183 wood bottles at 7d, £5 6s 9d 13 ox bows at 7.5d, £0 17s 10.5d 187 platters at 1s 2d, £3 8s 3d 51 wood ladles at 1s 2d, £0 8s 6d 1 wood ladle, broke, £0 0s 0d Turnery carried over, £17 19s 7.5d Carried over, £3,114 11s 2.5d Interpretations The soldiers' coats held in bulk, eighty-six sentinels' coats worth close to a hundred pounds, mark the standing reserve of uniform kept to clothe the garrison as its men's coats wore out or as fresh drafts came onto the strength. Holding so large a stock of ready-made coats shows the establishment provisioned to keep the whole guard in uniform from store, the clothing of the men a heavy and permanent charge on the warehouse like their pay and their arms. The scales, beams and weights held at better than sixty pounds mark the apparatus of weighing on which the settlement's whole trade and issue of goods depended, the beams and platters being the parts of the balances. Keeping so full and costly a stock of weighing gear shows how much of the establishment's business turned on exact measure, the buying, selling and issuing of provisions and stores requiring balances kept in numbers against wear and breakage. The thread held in quantity and graded by weight and colour, with the parcels of needles, was the sewing stock by which the settlement made and mended the clothing of its garrison and its slaves. Holding so full a store of thread shows the making up of garments treated as a standing work of the establishment, the same needlework the accounts had paid for in the suits of slave clothing supplied from a warehouse reserve of the materials that the island's tailoring required.
331		328	Brought over £ 3114 . 11 . 2½ Turnersware Brought over £ 17 . 17 . 7½ 32 Straining Dishes @ 3 0 . 8 . 0 13 Square Trays 1 . 11 . 0 57 Mops 1s 1½ 3 . 4 . 1½ 21 Pump Boxes 11s 5 1 . 0 . 1½ 7 Paint Brushes 4d 0 . 2 . 4 5 Hatchells 2s 4 0 . 11 . 8 1 Do Damaged 0 . 2 . 3½ 3 Cowes 1 0 . 3 . 8¾ 31 Cloth Brushes 1s 1 1 . 13 . 7 3 Wire Sieves 0 . 19 . 4½ 27 . 13 . 3¾ Tinware viz: 3 Pudding Pans damaged 2 . 5 . 0 8½ Salamoniae 2 . 2 . 2½ 1 Dark Lanthorne 2 . 2 . 0 2 Watering Potts @ 5s 6 0 . 11 . 0 1 Do Damaged 0 . 3 . 6 10 Patty Pans damaged @ 5 0 . 4 . 2 4 Large hard Lanthornes 1 . 18 . 1½ 6 Small Do 2 . 10 . 7 1166 Lanthorne Leaves 6 . 8 . 3 13 . 17 . 0 Twine viz: 57½ fine 13½ 3 . 4 . 1½ 50 Large 7 1 . 17 . 6 5 . 1 . 7½ Vinegar 19 Gallons 1s 11 1 . 16 . 3 Carried over £ 3162 . 19 . 6½	Brought over, £3,114 11s 2.5d. Turnery, brought over £17 17s 7.5d. 32 straining dishes at 3d, £0 8s 0d 13 square trays, £1 11s 0d 57 mops at 1s 1.5d, £3 4s 1.5d 21 pump boxes at 11.5d, £1 0s 1.5d 7 paint brushes at 10d, £0 2s 4d 5 flesh forks at 2s 4d, £0 11s 8d 1 flesh fork, damaged, £0 2s 3.5d 3 sieves, £0 3s 3.5d 31 cloth brushes at 1s 1d, £1 13s 7d 3 wire sieves, £0 19s 1.5d Total turnery, £27 13s 3.5d Tinware: 3 pudding pans, damaged, £2 6s 0d 8.5 sal ammoniac, £0 2s 2.5d 1 dark lantern, £0 2s 2d 2 watering pots at 5s 6d, £0 11s 0d 1 watering pot, damaged, £0 3s 6d 10 patty pans, damaged, at 5d, £0 4s 2d 4 large hard lanterns, £1 18s 1.5d 6 small hard lanterns, £2 10s 7d 1,166 lantern leaves, £6 8s 3d Total tinware, £13 17s 0d Twine: 57.5 lb fine at 13.5d, £3 4s 1.5d 50 lb large at 9d, £1 17s 6d Total twine, £5 1s 7.5d Vinegar, 19 gallons, at 1s 11d, £1 16s 3d Carried over, £3,162 19s 6.5d Interpretations The lantern leaves held to the number of 1,166, the thin translucent sheets of horn or mica set into the sides of lanterns, mark the great store of a fragile material the settlement needed to keep its lights burning about the fort and its works. Holding so vast a quantity shows how much the establishment depended on the lantern for its safe illumination, the leaves being the part most easily broken and so kept in the thousands against the constant renewal that the fort's lanterns required. The sal ammoniac held among the tinware was a salt used in soldering and in tinning metal, and in physic besides, its small quantity marking the material the tinsmith needed for his trade. Keeping even so particular a substance in the store shows the establishment provisioned to maintain and mend its own tinware, the remoteness of the island requiring that the very fluxes of the workman's craft be held ready in the warehouse. The many damaged items entered through these lines, the pudding pans, watering pots and patty pans marked spoilt yet still valued, show the inventory recording each vessel by its actual state as it had done throughout. Carrying the damaged tinware at a reduced worth rather than passing it as sound shows the same care of reckoning applied to the least of the stores, the condition of every article noted so that the count should show the Company what part of its warehouse was serviceable and what was not.
332		329	Indian Goods viz: Brought over £ 3162 . 19 . 6½ Arrack 921½ Gallons @ 2s 1½ 97 . 7 . 8 Allegars 133 pieces Silk 1s 9 78 . 2 . 9 Cattances viz: 4 pr No 1 8s 9 1 . 16 . 0 1 pr 5 0 . 12 . 0 2 . 7 . 0 Chelloes 414 pr 8s 11 18 . 5 . 7 Chinaware viz: 20 Dishes Coloured & Gold 96 Plates Do 30d p fett 1 . 0 . 0 2 Soup Dishes 1 . 6 . 8 16 Dishes of Sizes do 1 . 6 . 8 1 Soup Plate 0 . 0 . 3 10 Plates @ 2¾ ca 0 . 1 . 10½ 43 Dishes Blue & White 6½ p fett 242 Plates 6 . 11 . 8 18 Tea Potts 4½ 0 . 6 . 9 2 Do broke 0 . 0 . 0 482 Scalloped Cups 7½ 1 . 10 . 1½ 257 Small Cups 7½ 0 . 16 . 3½ 10 Coffee Cups broke 7½ 0 . 0 . 7½ 1704 Small Cups 7½ 3 p yd p fley 7 . 13 . 8½ 1430 Saucers 0 . 16 . 3½ 23 Bowles 8½ 1 . 1 . 8 10½ Sweeters 2½ 35 . 12 . 4¼ Candles 1 . 3 . 4 @ 17s p C 14 . 3 . 4 Carried over £ 3399 . 8 . 2¾	Brought over, £3,162 19s 6.5d. Indian goods: Arrack, 921.5 gallons, at 2s 1.5d, £97 17s 8d Allejars, 133 pieces silk, at 11s 9d, £78 2s 9d Cottances: 4 pieces number 1 at 8s 9d, £1 15s 0d 1 piece number 5, £0 12s 0d Total cottances, £2 7s 0d Chelloes, 45 pieces, at 8s 11d, £18 3s 7d Chinaware: 20 dishes coloured and gold, £0 0s 0d 96 plates coloured and gold at 20s per hundred, spoilt, £1 0s 0d 2 soup dishes, £1 6s 8d 16 dishes of sizes at 20d, £1 6s 8d 1 soup plate, £0 0s 3d 10 plates at 2.25d each, £0 1s 10.5d 43 dishes blue and white at 6.5d per plate, £6 11s 8d 242 plates, £6 11s 8d 18 tea pots at 4.5d, £0 6s 9d 2 tea pots, broke, £0 0s 0d 482 scolloped cups at 0.75d, £1 10s 1.5d 251 small cups at 0.75d, £0 16s 3.5d 10 coffee cups, broke, at 0.75d, £0 0s 2.5d 1,404 small cups at 0.75d, £7 13s 8.5d 1,430 saucers, £7 13s 8.5d 23 bowls at 8.5d, £0 16s 3.5d 101 saucers at 2.5d, £1 1s 8d Total chinaware, £25 12s 4.25d Candles, 1 hundredweight 3 quarters 4 lb, at 17d per lb, £14 3s 4d Carried over, £3,399 8s 3.25d Interpretations The allejars, striped silk or mixed cloths of the Indian trade, and the chelloes and cottances beside them, were the eastern textiles the Company shipped through St Helena, held here in bulk as trade goods and as material for the island's own clothing. Stocking so considerable a value of Indian cloth shows the settlement standing on the route of the eastern commerce, its warehouse holding the goods of the Bengal and Coromandel trade both to serve the shipping and to clothe its people. The chinaware held in vast number, the cups, saucers, plates and dishes running to many thousands of pieces, marks the porcelain of the China trade carried through the island in quantity far beyond any household's use. Holding so immense a stock of china shows the settlement provisioned as a warehouse of the eastern commerce, the ware landed and stored in bulk for the trade and the shipping, the broken pieces still counted among the sound in a reckoning that let nothing pass unnumbered. The arrack held to better than nine hundred gallons, the distilled spirit of the East, marks the great store of liquor the settlement kept both for its own consumption and for the supply of the shipping. Holding so heavy a stock, with the worm tubs and stills on an earlier leaf for making more, shows the establishment provisioned to furnish spirits on a large scale, the arrack a staple of the garrison's ration and of the trade with the ships that lay in the road.
333		330	Brought over £ 3399 . 8 . 2¾ Devooties viz: 22 pr Double 14s 8 43 . 16 . 8 2 pr Do Damaged 1 . 13 . 4 50 pr Single 170 . 8 . 9 355 pr Do in five Bales 217 . 18 . 9 Long Cloth viz: 30 pr Ordinary 18s 8 142 . 16 . 0 123 Do Do in four Bales 14 pr Madling 22s 12 . 2 . 0 154 . 18 . 0 Muslin viz: 37 pr Muslen 10s 10 21 . 2 . 6 2 pr Do Spoilt 10 . 5 100 pr Do in one Bale 44 . 3 . 9 65 . 16 . 3 Shirts 105 Dungree 22 9 . 12 . 6 Pepper 27 . 0 . 7 0 . 10 . 6 Pallampores viz: 1 Pallampore 3s 4 0 . 3 . 4 10s Do 1 21 . 0 . 0 24 Do 10s 6½ 12 . 13 . 0 1 Do Spoilt 10 Inch 0 . 10 . 6½ 59 Do 12s 4 35 . 12 . 11 19 Do 16s 6 15 . 13 . 6 2 Do Spoilt to pols 1 . 13 . 0 87 . 6 . 3½ Tea 289 Catties 13s 5 16 . 5 . 1½ Carried over £ 3951 . 15 . 7½	Brought over, £3,399 8s 3.25d. Doosetees: 22 pieces double at 14s 4d, £15 16s 8d 2 pieces double, damaged, £1 13s 4d 50 pieces single, £170 8s 9d 358 pieces single in five bales, £170 8s 9d Total doosetees, £217 18s 9d Long cloth: 30 pieces ordinary at 18s 8d, £142 16s 0d 123 pieces ordinary in four bales, £142 16s 0d 11 pieces middling at 22s, £12 2s 0d Total long cloth, £154 18s 0d Muslin: 39 pieces muslin at 10s 10d, £21 2s 6d 2 pieces muslin, spoilt with ink, £21 2s 6d 150 pieces muslin in one bale, £44 3s 9d Total muslin, £65 16s 3d Shirts, 105, dungaree, at 22d, £9 12s 6d Pepper, 21 lb, at 6d, £0 10s 6d Palempores: 1 palempore at 3s 4d, £0 3s 4d 105 palempores at 4s, £21 0s 0d 24 palempores at 10s 6.5d, £12 13s 0d 1 palempore, spoilt with ink, £0 10s 6.5d 59 palempores at 12s 4d, £35 12s 11d 19 palempores at 16s 6d, £15 13s 6d 2 palempores, spoilt with ink, £1 13s 0d Total palempores, £87 6s 3.5d Tea, 289 catties, at 13.5d, £16 5s 1.5d Carried over, £3,951 15s 7.5d Interpretations The doosetees, long cloth, muslin and palempores held in bales worth many hundreds of pounds together were the staple textiles of the Bengal trade, the doosetees and long cloth the plain cottons made up into the island's slave clothing and the palempores large painted bedcovers of the eastern commerce. Holding so great a value of Indian cloth in bulk shows the settlement standing as a warehouse of the Company's textile trade, the goods stored by the bale both for shipment and for the island's own heavy demand for cheap cotton. The several pieces marked spoilt with ink, the muslin and palempores stained yet still carried at their sound value, mark a particular hazard of storing fine cloth in a place where the writing and accounting of a busy warehouse went on among the goods. Recording the ink-stained pieces as a distinct loss shows the inventory noting even so trifling a spoilage, the damaged cloth counted apart so that the reckoning should show the Company exactly how its finer goods had suffered in the store. The parcels reckoned by the bale, the doosetees, long cloth and muslin each carrying a large number of pieces still packed together, show the inventory counting sealed bales by their known contents rather than opening every one. Taking the bales at their manifested number, while the loose and damaged pieces were told singly, shows the practical method of the stocktaking, the great bulk of the trade goods reckoned as it lay packed for shipment and only the broken parcels examined piece by piece.
334		331	Brought over £ 3951 . 15 . 7½ Sugar & Candy viz: 86 . 1 . 11 Sugar @ 24s p C 94 . 7 . 8¾ 43 . 1 . 4 Candy 33s p C 76 . 9 . 5 167 . 17 . 1½ Rice and Paddy viz: 162 . 0 . 10 Rice @ 7s 2 p C 24 . 9 . 6 14 . 0 . 7 Paddy 5s 11d 13 . 12 . 6½ 108 . 2 . ½ Totall European and Indian Goods remaining the 30. Septr 1744 Amounting to £ 4227 . 14 . 9½ Island St Helena Excepted To Matthew Purling Storkey To the Worshippfull David Dunbar Esq Govr & Council of St Helena The Humble Petition of Matt. Purling Executor to the last Will & Testament of John Pazett deceased. Sheweth That a Lease for eight stores and half of Land Adjoyning to the Freehold Lands of the Orphans of the said Mr Pazett being expired Your Petitioner humbly prays that a new Lease for the same may be Granted to the Executors in trust & for the use of the said Orphans And Your Petitioner shall ever pray Octbr 22. 1744 Signd Matt. Purling Granted David Dunbar Cha Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling	Brought over, £3,951 15s 7.5d. Sugar and candy: 86 hundredweight 1 quarter 11 lb sugar at 21s per hundredweight, £91 7s 8.5d 43 hundredweight 1 quarter 4 lb candy at 35s per hundredweight, £76 9s 5d Total sugar and candy, £167 17s 1.5d Rice and paddy: 261 bags 14 lb rice at 7s 2.75d per bag, £94 9s 6d 14 bags 7 lb paddy at 5s 11d per bag, £13 12s 6.5d Total rice and paddy, £108 2s 0.5d Total European and Indian goods remaining 30 September 1744, £4,227 14s 9.5d Island of St Helena, errors excepted. Matthew Purling, storekeeper. Matthew Purling, executor to the last will and testament of the late John Bazett, petitioned Governor David Dunbar and the council of St Helena on 22 October 1744. A lease for eight and a half acres of land adjoining the freehold lands of the orphans of the late John Bazett had expired. The executors asked that a new lease of it be granted to them in trust for the use of those orphans. The petition was signed by Matthew Purling and granted, signed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. Interpretations The whole inventory closed at £4,227 in European and Indian goods, a great standing reserve of stores that measures the scale on which a remote island had to provision itself against the uncertainty of supply. Holding so vast a value in the warehouse shows the settlement carrying stores far beyond any immediate want, the remoteness of St Helena requiring a deep reserve of everything from ship's timber to Bengal cloth so that the garrison, the plantation and the shipping should never be caught short by a failure of the fleets. The candy valued at thirty-five shillings the hundredweight against the sugar's twenty-one marks the sharp difference in worth between the refined crystallised sweetener and the raw sugar from which it was made. Carrying the two apart at their several rates shows the store distinguishing the fine from the coarse in its provisions as in its cloth and its hats, the candy kept as the dearer article for the better table while the plain sugar served the household at large. Purling sought the lease not for himself but in trust for the orphans of the late John Bazett, the executors moving to renew an expired lease of land adjoining the children's freehold on their behalf. Choosing to take the ground into trust for the orphans rather than let the lapsed lease fall away shows the executors and the council acting to keep the dead man's estate whole for his children, the renewal secured so that the parcel neighbouring their own land should be held to their use rather than lost or let to a stranger.
335		332	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 30. of Octbr 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Lieut Govr Christopher Dixon 3. John Goodwin 4. of Councill Matthew Purling 5. The last Consultation was read & approved. Purmant to the Order in the last Consultation Messrs Thomas & James Greentrees attended and being called in, they paid the fine of ten pounds sterling each for their Misbehaviour in Contempt of the Authority of this Island which sum we Ordered to be paid to the Honble Companys Cash to be disposed of at their pleasure. And at the same time Told the Said Messrs Thomas & James Greentrees that they ought to look upon this fine as a very mild punishment for so great a Crime that disobeying lawfull Authority was much the same as resisting it, and resisting Authority was the beginning of Rebellion which was a Capital Crime, that they ought to have care of their misbehaviour for the future, for that neither they nor any other person should in like Cases meet with such mild treatment. This day Mr Edwin Alcock petitioned to have a Lease Granted him for a small piece of Ground Adjoyning to his Garden in Chapple Valley. Granted David Dunbar Cha Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling	At a consultation held on Tuesday 30 October 1744 at the castle. Present: Governor Colonel David Dunbar, Lieutenant Governor Captain Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon third, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. Under the order of the last consultation, Thomas and James Greentree attended and were called in. Each paid the fine of ten pounds sterling for his misbehaviour in contempt of the authority of the island, and the council ordered the sum added to the Company's cash, to be disposed of at its pleasure. The council told the Greentrees at the same time that they ought to regard this fine as a very mild punishment for so great a crime. Disobeying lawful authority was much the same as resisting it, and resisting authority was the beginning of rebellion, which was a capital crime. They were warned to take care of their conduct in future, so that neither they nor anyone else in like cases should meet with such mild treatment. Edwin Alcock petitioned to have a lease granted him for a small piece of ground adjoining his garden in Chapel Valley. Granted, signed Duke Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. Interpretations The fine now stood at ten pounds sterling apiece rather than the ten shillings ordered at the consultation of 23 October 1744, the penalty raised twentyfold between the sentence and its payment. Exacting so much heavier a sum than the record of the earlier consultation had named shows the council hardening its punishment of the contempt in the week between, the Greentrees' defiance judged on reflection to deserve a penalty of real weight rather than the token first set. The council framed the Greentrees' disobedience as the first step toward rebellion, telling them that resisting authority was a capital crime and their fine a mild treatment of it. Setting so grave a construction on a refusal to pound goats shows the board using the small matter to assert the whole principle of obedience to the government, the lesson pressed home that defiance of lawful authority on the least occasion touched the same offence that at its height cost a man his life. The council warned the Greentrees expressly that the mildness shown them was not to be looked for again, holding up their light treatment as a thing others should not expect in like cases. Choosing to make an example of leniency rather than of severity, so that the warning rather than the punishment should deter, shows the board reckoning that a public caution backed by the threat of worse would serve its authority better than a crushing penalty, the fine left bearable but the principle fixed for all to see.
336		333	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 6. November 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Lieu Govr Christopher Dixon 3. John Goodwin 4. of Councill Matthew Purling 5. The last Consultation was read and approved This day we received the following Petition To the Worshippfull David Dunbar Esq Govr & Council The Humble Petition of John Goodwin Sheweth That there is a parcell of Land Containing about three Acres Adjoyning to his other Lands entirely barren of which for the conveniency of Fencing he prays he may be Admitted Tenant for, at an Easy Rate in consideration of its being barren as aforesaid. And Your Petitioner shall ever pray 6. Novr 1744 Signd John Goodwin Ordered that Mr Dixon and Mr Purling do view the the Said Land. We this day executed the following Lease to Mr Edwin Alcock viz: Island	At a consultation held on Tuesday 6 November 1744 at the castle. Present: Governor Colonel David Dunbar, Lieutenant Governor Captain Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon third, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. The council received the following petition. John Goodwin petitioned Governor David Dunbar and the council. A parcel of land of about three acres, adjoining his other lands, was entirely barren. For the convenience of fencing, he asked to be admitted tenant of it at an easy rate, given that it was barren. The petition was signed by John Goodwin and dated 6 November 1744. The council ordered Dixon and Purling to view the land. The council executed the following lease to Edwin Alcock. Interpretations Goodwin, a member of the council, brought his own petition for land before the board on which he sat, and the council referred it to two other members to view the ground before granting it. Sending Dixon and Purling to inspect the parcel rather than allowing Goodwin's own word for its barren state shows the board holding even a councillor's request to the ordinary check of a survey, the interest of a member no ground for passing the land without the view required of any applicant. The barrenness of the parcel was pleaded not as a reason to refuse the grant but as the ground for an easy rate, Goodwin seeking the land chiefly to complete the fencing of his own holding. Letting waste ground at a low rent to the neighbour who could enclose it with his own shows the council's standing practice of turning barren parcels to some use, the land worth little in itself made to serve the fencing and consolidation of an adjoining estate at a rent set to its poor quality.
337		334	Island Saint Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies do hereby demise Grant sett and to farm lett to the Reverend Edwin Alcock of this Island Clerk all that piece or parcell of Land containing one Acre and a quarter more or less situate lying and being in James Valley Butting and Bounding South upon the Common or Wast Land belonging to the Honble Company North upon Land now in the possession of the Said Edwin Alcock and East & West on the Said Honble Companys Wast Land with the appurtenances to have and to hold the said hereby demised parcells of Land and every part and parcell thereof together with all and Singular the wood, water, watercourses, Houses, Buildings, Edifices, Sheds, Tenements, Yams and Plantations of Yams, Fruittrees, Wayes, Fences and all Shed and Singular the Rights & commoditys to them and each and every of them belonging or appurtaining unto him the Said Edwin Alcock His Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for and during all the space or term of twenty one Years from thence next ensuing upon Condition that he the Said Edwin Alcock, His Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall and do bear true Faith to our Sovereign Lord King George the second His Heirs and Successors & to them the Said Honble Company and to their Successors & shall duely obey all Laws & Constitutions of the Said Island and upon condition also that he the Said Edwin Alcock, His Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall and do from time to time & at all times hereafter, during the term of this present Lease, keep up & maintain in Good Order & Sufficient & Legall repair all such Buildings Houses Edifices Tenements Plantations & Fences as now are or hereafter shall	Island of Saint Helena. The lords proprietors of the island, the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies, leased to Edwin Alcock of the island, clerk, a parcel of land of about one acre and a quarter in James Valley. It abutted west upon the common or waste land belonging to the Company, north upon land now held by Alcock himself, and east and west upon the Company's waste land. The lease carried with it every part of the land together with all its wood, water, watercourses, houses, buildings, structures, tenements, yams and yam plantations, fruit trees, hedges and fences, and all rights and profits belonging to it. Alcock, his heirs, executors, administrators or lawful assigns were to hold it from the date of the lease for a term of twenty-one years. The lease was granted on condition that Alcock and his successors bear true faith to King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and to the Company and its successors, and duly obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. It was granted on the further condition that Alcock and his successors should from time to time and at all times during the term keep up and maintain in good order, and repair sufficiently, all such buildings, houses, structures, tenements, plantations and fences as then were or thereafter should [...]. Interpretations The lease ran for the fixed term of twenty-one years, the limit the Company's letter carried by the Thistleworth had lately directed for its lands, in place of the leases on lives that the island had earlier granted. Holding Alcock's grant to the fixed twenty-one years shows the settlement now bound by the Company's rule against longer terms, the same limit that had made the council defer William Worrall's lease on lives in 1742 governing every new grant on the island. The condition binding Alcock to keep the buildings, fences and plantation in good repair throughout the term marks the standing purpose behind the Company's leases, which was to see its waste land enclosed, planted and improved rather than merely occupied. Making the upkeep of the fabric and the fences a term of the grant shows the settlement using the lease as an instrument of improvement, the tenant admitted not simply to hold the ground but to fence, plant and maintain it for the Company's lasting benefit, the same policy the lease reform of 1732 had fixed in requiring thriving wood and sound fences before any renewal.
338		335	shall be made Built or Erected thereon & shall moreover plant keep & preserve in & upon the Said hereby demised parcells of Land the whole quantity of wood or as much as it can conveniently contain & shall likewise plant & preserve Large withinside & without the Fences of the Said parcel of Land & shall plant Fruit Trees in such parts thereof wherein they are most likely to grow & as they shall happen to decay or dye replant others of the like sort thereon without hurt or prejudiced nevertheless to any of such Lands be sett apart for the sole purpose of planting & raising of Yams Yeilding & paying therefore Yearly & every year during the term of this present Lease, unto them the Said Honble Company Their Successors Agents & Assigns the sum of five Shillings p Acre in as for upon the Feast of St Michael the Arch Angell Yearly & upon further condition that he the Said Edwin Alcock, His Heirs Executors or Allowed Assigns shall not sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the leave and Consent of the Governour & Council for the time being. In Witness Whereof the Said Governour & Council have sett their Hands and Affixed the Honble Companys Seale in St Helena aforesaid this Sixth day of November in the Year of our Lord one Thousand Seven Hundred and forty four and the Said Edwin Alcock hath to the other part sett his Hand and Seale the day and Year above Wrtten. David Dunbar Cha Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling	Alcock was further bound to plant, keep and preserve on the parcel the whole quantity of wood it could conveniently hold, and to plant and preserve gorse within and along the fences. He was to plant fruit trees in the parts most likely to grow them, and to replant others of the like sort as they decayed or died, without harm to any of the lands set apart solely for planting and raising yams. He was to pay yearly to the Company and its successors the rent of five shillings an acre at Michaelmas. The lease carried the further condition that Alcock and his successors should not sell or dispose of the lease or their interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council for the time being. In witness the Governor and council set their hands and affixed the Company's seal at St Helena on 6 November 1744, and Alcock set his hand and seal the same day. Signed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. Interpretations The lease required Alcock to plant gorse along and within his fences, using the dense thorny shrub as a living hedge to strengthen the boundaries and keep stock from breaking through. Binding the tenant to raise gorse for his fences shows the settlement turning a hardy plant to the standing difficulty of enclosure on a windswept island, the living hedge answering better than dead timber to hold the grazing beasts that the accounts show forever straying into forbidden ground. The clause forbidding Alcock to sell or assign the lease without the council's consent kept the disposal of the Company's land under the government's control even after it was granted. Reserving the right to approve any transfer shows the settlement guarding against its leases passing into unwanted hands, the same concern that ran through its estate business, so that the ground should remain with tenants the council was content to hold and not be traded freely among the inhabitants. The requirement to preserve the whole quantity of wood the parcel could hold, above the fruit trees and the gorse, marks the standing anxiety of the island over its timber, the same concern that had driven the lease reform of 1732 and the war on the rats that killed the Great Wood. Making the growth and keeping of wood a binding term of the grant shows the settlement using every lease to repair the island's failing timber, the tenant bound to raise and preserve trees on ground that might otherwise have been stripped and left bare.
339		336	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 13. of November 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Charles Hutchinson Lieu Govr Christopher Dixon 3. John Goodwin 4. of Councill Matthew Purling 5. The last Consultation was read & approved. We this day received the following letter from Mr Wright To the Worshippfull David Dunbar Esq Govr & Council of St Helena Worshippfull Sir & Sirs, Sometime since You were pleased on my delivering in my Account of Wast to think some Articles therein unreasonable to be allowed which I should endeavour to make and hope you will now think reasonable from the following Account how the Wast Accrued viz: As to the Wast on the Nails There are now a large quantity of them in the Stores which Mr Godfrey delivered up to me, & which I took Charge of as the Companys, but Mr Purling would not receive them from me Alledging they belonged to the late Govr Goodwin, but as I took them as the Companys from Mr Godfrey, they either should be added now or deducted from what I was first charged with, & then there will be little or no wast thereon. [...] way.	At a consultation held on Tuesday 13 November 1744 at the castle. Present: Governor Colonel David Dunbar, Lieutenant Governor Captain Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon third, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. The council received the following letter from Wright. He addressed Governor David Dunbar and the council of St Helena. Some time earlier the council had objected to certain articles in his account of waste as unreasonable to be allowed, and he now sought to explain them, hoping the council would find them reasonable from the account he gave of how the waste arose. As to the waste on the anchors, a large quantity of them now lay in the stores which Godfrey had delivered up to him, and of which he took charge as the Company's. Purling would not receive them from him, holding that they belonged to the estate of the late Governor Goodwin. Wright argued that as he had taken them as the Company's from Godfrey, they should either be added now or deducted from what he was first charged with, and that then there would be little or no waste on them. Interpretations The dispute over the anchors turned on whether they belonged to the Company or to the estate of the late Governor Goodwin, Purling refusing to receive as Company stores what Wright had taken over as such from Godfrey. The clash shows the difficulty of settling the account when the ownership of a valuable stock was itself in question, the anchors caught between the public store and a dead governor's private estate so that Wright could not be made answerable for waste on goods he might never have properly held. Wright's argument that the anchors should either be added to his charge or deducted from it went to the root of how a storekeeper's waste was reckoned, the apparent loss depending entirely on what he was charged with at the outset. Showing that a correct opening charge would leave little or no waste shows the whole question of deficiency resting on the accuracy of the original account rather than on any real loss of goods, the same principle that had cleared Godfrey and the late Bazett of a false deficiency in the reconciliation of the stores earlier in 1744. The reappearance of the late Governor Goodwin's estate as a claimant against the Company's stores marks the long tail of unsettled accounts that a governor's death left behind, his private holdings still entangled with the public store years afterward. The difficulty shows how imperfectly the property of the Company and of its chief officer had been kept apart, the same confusion of public and private that had run through the deficiencies of earlier administrations surfacing again over the ownership of the anchors in the warehouse.
340		337	There is a great Overplus in the twenty penny nails as they are a commodity which loose by rust & in Standing, as well as by retailing & also by making the above Addition the Wast I hope will not be thought very Unreasonable. The Wast on the Brandy proceeded from its being sent over in new Casks which greatly encreased the Wast both on the passage & while it Stood in the Cellar, besides the Wast in Drawing, I often went into the Cellar & lookt at the Casks & could never perceive & any of the Casks to leak, that it could not proceed from any negligence in me I much less I am Sure from any design. The Flower, when first took charge of it was taken as Heavily & damaged, & it appeared that the Casks some of them were Scarce half full & disconsumed by the Vermin, that there was little else but Dust, the Bread was also upon opening found to be just as bad & as was condemned, the Flower was reported to the Honble Company as damaged by the first Inventory. The Starch & Paint are commoditys which I believe will loose by Standing & all the Paint when Asked by me was reported home to the Company as damaged, & the damaged happening by a flood of Water, when the Same came to be dry, the Loss thereof in the Weight must of necessity be very considerable, the Soap & Salt are of the same perishable Nature. Upon receiving the Pitch & Tarr from Mr Godfrey I took the Barrells as they Stood in the Cellar, by said whether quite full or not I always Stored them in the same. But on Mr Purlings taking them they were all filled up, which from my taking of them as above Seleted their Long Standing & their Constant Wastage caused the Large Wast that is Charged. The Glasware is very Subject under the Greatest care to be broke & I believe on taking is altogether, the Wast will not be thought too unreasonable.	There was a great overplus in the twenty penny nails, which lost by rust in standing as well as by retailing, and by making the addition above the waste would not be thought very unreasonable. The waste on the brandy came from its being sent over in new casks, which greatly increased the loss both on the passage and while it stood in the cellar. Besides the waste in issuing, Wright often worked in the cellar and looked at the casks and could never see any of them leak, so that the loss could not come from any negligence, much less from any design. The flour, when first taken in charge as it was taken as wormy and damaged, proved to have some casks scarce half full and so consumed by the vermin that there was little left but dust. The bread too, on opening, was found to be as bad and nearly consumed. The flour was reported to the Company as damaged by the first inventory. The starch and paint were commodities which he believed would lose by standing, and all the paint, when taken over, was reported home to the Company as damaged. The damage had happened by a flood at Bates's, and when the same came to be dry the loss on the weight must necessarily be very considerable. The soap and salt were of the same perishable nature. On receiving the pitch and tar from Godfrey, Wright took the barrels as they stood in the cellar by tale, whether quite full or not, and always issued them as the same. But on Purling taking them over, they were all filled up, which, since he had taken them as above, on their long standing and constant wastage caused the large waste that was charged. The glassware was very subject, under the greatest care, to be broken, and he believed on weighing it altogether the waste would not be thought too unreasonable. Interpretations The waste on the brandy Wright laid to its being casked in new wood, which drew off and absorbed the spirit far more than seasoned casks, increasing the loss both in transit and in store. Attributing the shortfall to the newness of the casks rather than to leakage or theft shows the storekeeper meeting the charge of deficiency with the known behaviour of the material, the brandy soaked into fresh timber a real and blameless loss that no watching of the cellar could have prevented. The trouble over the pitch and tar turned on a change of method between two storekeepers, Wright issuing the barrels by tale as they stood whether full or not, while Purling on taking over had them all filled up. Showing that the apparent waste sprang from the barrels being topped up after he had issued them as whole shows the deficiency to be an artefact of the accounting rather than a real loss, the same lesson that ran through the anchor dispute, that a storekeeper's waste depended entirely on how his stock was reckoned at each handover. Wright's whole letter answered the charge of waste by tracing each loss to the nature of the goods or the manner of their keeping, the brandy to its casks, the flour to the vermin, the paint to a flood and the glass to its fragility. Meeting a demand for account not by denial but by explaining how every perishable and breakable commodity must lose in a long standing store shows the real difficulty of holding a storekeeper answerable on a remote island, where goods decayed, spilled and broke in the keeping through no fault that any watching could prevent.
341		338	On my going into the Cellar where the Vinegar Stood, I found the Cask leaking, & the Vinegar running about which I immediately had Stopt & in Mr Powells time the Steward of the Castle had a whole Cask out at once which sometime after he returned about half full & which was forgot to be wrote off. In the Article of the Nails when the very last Inventory was taken of them, I all was thought most exactly, there was in Mr Purlings delivering them out found to be a mistake of twenty, and as they in the Bales were taken by the Number on the outside, there might possibly be a Mistake there also in my taking them from Mr Godfrey. The Paddy was under the care & delivered out by Mr Cleather the Steward, who used to give in his Account of what had been Issued, & we used to write it off from that. I believe there must have been a Mistake of the Sacking in the first Counting the Number of pieces, As there have been Sundries found in taking a fresh Inventory for it was never moved afterwards, & I am Sure, there was an exact Account kept of all that was Issued. As to the other Articles, I am persuaded there must have been Several things Issued out on the Companys Account, which have been Omitted to be Charged, as in the Hatchetts &c For when they came for any Stores for the Castle they would desire a Basket or other thing to carry them home in which was often forgot to be returned & Charged. That it is a very difficult thing to take an Inventory without any Mistakes, will appear from the under written Articles wherein I have delivered up more than I have ever received, without any Allowance of Wast to the following quantity viz: 94 yards of Ferrit 53 . . 2d Nails 14¾ Leather	On going into the cellar where the vinegar stood, Wright found the cask leaking and the vinegar running about, which he at once had stopped. In Powell's time the steward of the castle had a whole cask out at once, which some time after he returned about half full, and this had been forgotten to be written off. In the article of the shirts, when the very last inventory was taken of them and it was thought most exact, the number Purling delivered out proved to be a mistake of twenty. As the shirts in the bales were counted by the number marked on the outside, there might well be a like mistake in his own taking of them from Godfrey. The paddy was under the care of Cleather the steward, who used to give in his account of what had been issued, and Wright wrote it off from that. Wright believed there must have been a mistake in the first counting of the sacking, since several errors had been found in taking a fresh inventory, the parcel never having been moved afterward, and he was sure an exact account had been kept of all that was issued. As to the other articles, he was persuaded there must have been several things issued on the Company's account which had been left off the charge, as in the article of the baskets. When people came for stores for the castle they would ask for a basket or other thing to carry them home, which were often forgotten to be returned or charged. That it was a very difficult thing to take an inventory without mistakes appeared from the articles below, in which he had delivered up more than he had ever received, without any allowance of waste, in the following quantity: 94 yards of scarlet, 55 lb of 20 penny nails, and 14.5 lb of leather. Interpretations Wright closed his defence by showing that in several articles he had delivered up more than he ever received, turning the charge of deficiency on its head to prove the accounts imperfect. Pointing to a surplus of scarlet, nails and leather where no waste was allowed shows the storekeeper arguing that the errors ran both ways, the same looseness of counting that seemed to show a shortfall in some goods producing an overplus in others, so that the deficiency charged against him was an artefact of imperfect reckoning rather than real loss. The shirts counted by the number marked on the outside of the sealed bales, and found twenty out at the last taking, mark the practical source of much of the error, the inventory trusting the manifest of a bale rather than opening it. Showing that a mistake of twenty had crept in through counting by the outside mark shows how the very method that made a large stocktaking possible carried its own errors forward, the same reliance on the manifested number of a bale that ran through the whole inventory of trade goods. The baskets asked for by people fetching stores and never returned or charged mark the small untidy losses of a working establishment that no formal account could capture. Explaining a deficiency by the everyday borrowing of a basket to carry goods home shows how the ordinary traffic of the castle eroded the store below what the books recorded, the difficulty of holding a storekeeper answerable lying as much in these casual and forgotten issues as in any decay or theft of the goods themselves.
342		339	6 1¾ Leather 62 Gallons Linseed Oil 16½ Barrells Rozin 14 Do Turpfutline 13 Barrow Wheels 1 piece Allejar 4 pieces Devooties 2lb Pepper 1¼ Yards Broad Cloth & 1 . 1 . 27 Iron So that I hope there will be an Allowance thought reasonable upon this Account. I have Omitted to say any thing of those Articles which you have been pleased to allow me of & of all I hope that from the above account You will think that the rest are so & that nothing hath happened this by negligence or Default, as in truth it is, all to which I humbly Submit, & and am with all respect St November 1744 Worshippfull Sir & Sirs Your Most humble Servant Signd Bob Wright The Steward Husband, and Gunners delivered in their Severall Accounts for the Month of October, which were examined and approved and are as follows viz:	The articles in which Wright had delivered up more than he received continued as follows. 14.5 lb leather 62 gallons linseed oil 14 barrels rosin 0.25 of a barrel turpentine 13 barrow wheels 1 piece allejar 4 pieces doosetees 2 lb pepper 14.5 yards broad cloth 1 hundredweight 1 quarter 27 lb iron Wright hoped an allowance would be thought reasonable on this account. He had said nothing of the articles the council had already been pleased to allow him as reasonable, and hoped that from the account above it would find the rest were so, and that nothing had happened through his negligence or default, as in truth was the case. He submitted the whole and remained, with all respect, the council's most humble servant. The letter was signed Robert Wright and dated 13 November 1744. The steward, the storekeeper and the gunner delivered their several accounts for the month of October, which were examined and approved as follows. Interpretations Wright rested his whole defence on the claim that nothing had been lost through his negligence or default, the perishable and breakable goods having wasted by their own nature and the apparent deficiencies arising from errors of counting. Closing on the plea that no fault of his lay behind the waste shows the storekeeper meeting the charge not with denial of loss but with denial of blame, the distinction between goods that decayed in the ordinary course and goods lost through carelessness being the point on which his answerability turned. The list of articles delivered up in excess of what he received, running from leather and oil to broad cloth and iron, gave Wright his strongest argument that the accounts were simply imperfect. Setting out so many goods in which he stood in surplus, with no waste allowed, shows him proving by the Company's own books that the reckoning erred in both directions, the overplus in these articles balancing the deficiency charged in others and pointing to loose counting rather than real loss as the true source of the trouble.
343		340	Sundrys expended in the Month of October 1744 viz: 56 Bottles Port Wine 3 . 17 . 0 37 Do Lisbon Do 2 . 10 . 5¾ 1 Do Minorca 0 . 0 . 0 5 Do White Cape 0 . 6 . 10½ 3 Do Maderd 0 . 4 . 6 27 Gallons Goa Arrack 8 . 4 . 0 14 Do Batavia Do 27 Candy 0 . 8 . 5½ 58 Sugar 0 . 12 . 1 58 Bottles Small Beer 2 . 5 . 0 2 Do Strong Do 3 Do Florence Oil 0 . 7 . 6 10 Do Vinegar 0 . 4 . 9½ 700 Lemons 0 . 0 . 0 129 first Flower 1 . 13 . 1¾ 100 Second Do 36 pr Butter 2 . 16 . 0 7 Cheese 0 . 0 . 0 27 pieces Salt Pork 2 . 7 . 9 . 6 15 Do Salt Beef 4 . 8 . ¾ 2 Bushells Salt 0 . 11 . 8 1 Pepper 4 . 6 0 . 0 . 6 5 Hoggs in 335 8 . 7 . 6 1 Hind 0 . 15 . 0 10 Fowles 0 . 10 . 0 2 Ducks 0 . 3 . 4 £ 36 . 19 . 4 Sundrys expended in the Country by the Surveyors viz: 6 Bottles Port Wine 0 . 8 . 2¼ 12 Do Batavia Arrack 0 . 12 . 0 18 Sugar 0 . 2 . 1 11 Bottles Small Beer 0 . 8 . 3 4 Do Lisbon Wine 0 . 5 . 5½ 1 . 15 . 11¾	Sundries expended in the month of October 1744. 56 bottles port wine, £3 17s 5d 39 bottles Lisbon wine, £2 10s 5.5d 1 bottle Minorca wine, £0 0s 0d 5 bottles white Cape wine, £0 6s 10.5d 3 bottles Madeira, £0 4s 6d 27 gallons Goa arrack, £3 8s 4d 14 gallons Batavia arrack, £3 8s 4d 27 lb candy, £0 8s 3.5d 58 lb sugar, £0 12s 1d 58 bottles small beer, £3 2s 5d 2 bottles strong beer, £3 2s 5d 3 bottles Florence oil, £0 7s 6d 10 bottles vinegar, £0 4s 9.5d 900 lemons, £0 0s 0d 129 fowls, first, £1 13s 4.5d 100 fowls, second, £1 13s 4.5d 36 lb butter, £2 16s 0d 7 lb cheese, £0 7s 0d 27 pieces salt pork, £2 9s 6d 5 pieces salt beef, £0 4s 8.5d 2 bushels salt, £0 11s 8d 1 lb pepper, £0 0s 6d 5 hogs, weighing 335 lb, £8 7s 6d 1 kid, £0 5s 0d 10 fowls, £0 10s 0d 2 ducks, £0 3s 4d Total, £36 19s 4d Sundries expended in the country by the surveyors. 6 bottles port wine, £0 8s 2.5d 12 bottles Batavia arrack, £0 12s 0d 1 lb sugar, £0 2s 1d 11 bottles small beer, £0 8s 3d 4 bottles Lisbon wine, £0 5s 5.5d Total, £1 15s 11.5d Interpretations The great variety of wines and spirits consumed in the month, port, Lisbon, Minorca, Cape, Madeira and two kinds of arrack, marks the range of drink the Governor's table drew from the shipping of every quarter. Setting out so many sorts together shows how completely the fort's cellar was stocked from the vessels that called, the wines of Europe and the arracks of the East gathered on a remote island through the traffic of the road. The nine hundred lemons expended in the month, carried at no value on the account, mark a fruit the island grew in quantity and used freely, both at table and against the scurvy that plagued long voyages. Entering so large a number of home-grown lemons among the bought provisions shows the settlement's own produce set beside the imported stores, the fruit of the island's gardens supplying in bulk what the ships could not readily bring. The separate account of what the surveyors consumed in the country marks the practice of charging the drink and provisions used on a particular service to that service, the surveying of land carrying its own reckoning of wine, arrack and beer. Keeping the surveyors' expenses apart from the general table shows the establishment's careful attribution of costs, the refreshment of men sent out to view and measure ground charged to their work as a distinct item rather than lost in the household's general consumption.
344		341	Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of October 1744 viz: Neat Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hoggs, Poultrey, Horses Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ewe, Weathen, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewe, Weathen, Kidds, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Boar, Piggs, Boar, Total, Turkies, Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, Geese, Mares, Mares, Total From 1. 30 Septr: Bullocks: 19, Cows: 108, Heifers: 16, Steers: 26, Yearlings: 46, Calves: 116, Bulls: 5, Total: 336, Ewe: 87, Weathen: 11, Lambs: 75, Rams: 3, Total: 176, Ewe: 144, Weathen: 40, Kidds: 135, Rams: 2, Total: 321, Sows: 19, Barrows: 1, Boar: 40, Piggs: 95, Boar: 2, Total: 156, Turkies: 62, Fowls: 103, Chickens: 299, Ducks: 27, Geese: 13, Mares: 6, Mares: 8, Total: 14 Encreased in Do: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 0, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 5, Bulls: 0, Total: 5, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 2, Rams: 0, Total: 2, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 11, Rams: 0, Total: 11, Sows: 0, Barrows: 0, Boar: 0, Piggs: 9, Boar: 0, Total: 9, Turkies: 10, Fowls: 0, Chickens: 50, Ducks: 12, Geese: 0, Mares: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Bullocks: 19, Cows: 108, Heifers: 16, Steers: 26, Yearlings: 46, Calves: 121, Bulls: 5, Total: 341, Ewe: 87, Weathen: 11, Lambs: 77, Rams: 3, Total: 178, Ewe: 144, Weathen: 40, Kidds: 146, Rams: 2, Total: 332, Sows: 19, Barrows: 1, Boar: 40, Piggs: 104, Boar: 2, Total: 165, Turkies: 72, Fowls: 103, Chickens: 349, Ducks: 39, Geese: 13, Mares: 6, Mares: 8, Total: 14 Killed in Do: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 0, Heifers: 1, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 0, Bulls: 0, Total: 1, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 1, Rams: 0, Total: 1, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 1, Rams: 1, Total: 1, Sows: 0, Barrows: 4, Boar: 0, Piggs: 0, Boar: 0, Total: 0, Turkies: 5, Fowls: 0, Chickens: 0, Ducks: 10, Geese: 2, Mares: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Died &c by Smallpox: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 0, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 0, Bulls: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 1, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 1, Rams: 1, Total: 3, Sows: 0, Barrows: 0, Boar: 0, Piggs: 0, Boar: 0, Total: 0, Turkies: 0, Fowls: 0, Chickens: 0, Ducks: 0, Geese: 0, Mares: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Bullocks: 19, Cows: 108, Heifers: 15, Steers: 26, Yearlings: 46, Calves: 121, Bulls: 5, Total: 340, Ewe: 87, Weathen: 11, Lambs: 76, Rams: 3, Total: 177, Ewe: 143, Weathen: 40, Kidds: 144, Rams: 1, Total: 328, Sows: 19, Barrows: 0, Boar: 36, Piggs: 104, Boar: 2, Total: 160, Turkies: 72, Fowls: 105, Chickens: 339, Ducks: 37, Geese: 13, Mares: 6, Mares: 8, Total: 14 Died in Do: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 1, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 1, Calves: 0, Bulls: 0, Total: 2, Ewe: 1, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 1, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Sows: 0, Barrows: 0, Boar: 0, Piggs: 1, Boar: 4, Total: 0, Turkies: 5, Fowls: 1, Chickens: 2, Ducks: 10, Geese: 0, Mares: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Remaining: Bullocks: 19, Cows: 107, Heifers: 16, Steers: 26, Yearlings: 46, Calves: 120, Bulls: 5, Total: 338, Ewe: 86, Weathen: 11, Lambs: 76, Rams: 3, Total: 176, Ewe: 143, Weathen: 40, Kidds: 144, Rams: 1, Total: 328, Sows: 19, Barrows: 0, Boar: 35, Piggs: 100, Boar: 2, Total: 155, Turkies: 91, Fowls: 103, Chickens: 329, Ducks: 37, Geese: 13, Mares: 6, Mares: 8, Total: 14 Pork expended 335 Yams expended 25000	An account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other stock for the month of October 1744. Remaining 30 September: bullocks 19, cows 108, heifers 16, steers 26, yearlings 46, calves 116, bulls 5, total neat cattle 336; ewes 87, wethers 11, lambs 75, rams 3, total sheep 176; ewes 144, wethers 40, kids 136, rams 2, total goats 321; sows 19, barrows 1, shoats 40, pigs 95, boars 2, total hogs 156; turkeys 62, fowls 103, chickens 299, ducks 27, geese 13; horses 6, mares 8, total 14 Increase: calves 5, total neat cattle 5; lambs 2, total sheep 2; kids 11, total goats 11; pigs 9, total hogs 9; turkeys 10, chickens 50, ducks 12 Total: bullocks 19, cows 108, heifers 16, steers 26, yearlings 46, calves 121, bulls 5, total neat cattle 341; ewes 89, wethers 11, lambs 77, rams 3, total sheep 178; ewes 144, wethers 40, kids 146, rams 2, total goats 332; sows 19, barrows 1, shoats 40, pigs 104, boars 2, total hogs 165; turkeys 72, fowls 105, chickens 349, ducks 39, geese 13; horses 6, mares 8, total 14 Killed: cows 1, calves 1, total neat cattle 1; lambs 1, total sheep 1; kids 1, total goats 1; pigs 4, total hogs 5 Sold to the ship Portobello: kids 1, total goats 1; sows 3 Total: bullocks 19, cows 108, heifers 15, steers 26, yearlings 46, calves 121, bulls 5, total neat cattle 340; ewes 87, wethers 11, lambs 76, rams 3, total sheep 177; ewes 143, wethers 40, kids 144, rams 1, total goats 328; sows 19, shoats 36, pigs 104, boars 2, total hogs 160; turkeys 72, fowls 105, chickens 339, ducks 37, geese 13; horses 6, mares 8, total 14 Died: cows 1, calves 1, total neat cattle 2; lambs 1, total sheep 1; pigs 1, total hogs 4; chickens 5, ducks 1, geese 2, total 10 Remaining: bullocks 19, cows 107, heifers 15, steers 26, yearlings 46, calves 120, bulls 5, total neat cattle 338; ewes 86, wethers 11, lambs 76, rams 3, total sheep 176; ewes 143, wethers 40, kids 141, rams 1, total goats 328; sows 19, shoats 35, pigs 100, boars 2, total hogs 155; turkeys 91, fowls 103, chickens 329, ducks 37, geese 13; horses 6, mares 8, total 14 Pork expended, 335 Yams expended, 25,000 Interpretations The stock of hogs on this account stands transformed from the figure the reference records for the spring. In September 1744 the council found the overseer Samuel Doveton had returned the Company's sows as thirty-eight on 30 March 1744 when there were in truth no more than nineteen, the excess being unweaned pigs counted as sows, and he had similarly called yearlings, heifers and steers by those names before they were of a proper age. The sows on this October account stand at exactly the true nineteen the council had established, with the young stock now carried separately as shoats and pigs. The correction of the returns, and Doveton's discharge on 22 September 1744, show in the very form of this table, the categories now kept honestly apart where he had inflated the count by promoting unweaned and immature beasts to the higher classes. The goats stand at some 328 head, a large and settled stock, and the comparison with the council's order of 23 October 1744 is telling. The board had directed that the ranges near Sandy Bay be viewed and any beast infected with the mange killed, yet the Company's own goats on this plantation account show no such loss, only the ordinary killing of one kid and the sale of another to the Portobello. The Company's stock was a herd apart from the diseased goats of the Greentrees and other planters, the two kept so distinct that the slaughter ordered against the mange elsewhere left the general stock the account shows healthy wholly untouched. The three sows and the kid sold to the Portobello mark the ship that had lately brought the news of war and the draft of recruits, now drawing in turn on the island's stock for her stores. The reference records the Portobello's arrival with the war news among the events extending the file through 16 October 1744, and this account catches her provisioning at the island, the same vessel that reinforced the garrison carrying away breeding sows to victual her. The 25,000 lb of yams expended in the month sets against the long anxiety over the crop that runs through the reference. Doveton had reported in May 1741 that the yam grounds stood too poor for want of manuring, and in May 1742 warned the Company might have to buy yams, the crop being months from maturity. The heavy monthly draw shown here, feeding a garrison now swollen to four companies by the war, confirms the yam as the true foundation of the settlement's subsistence, drawn down steadily where the seasons and the overseers had so often left the standing crop in doubt.
345		342	Gunners Stores expended in October 1744 viz: Powder in Small Cartridges 9½ Worm 1 Spring Flaps 18 Spling Heads 10 Hammer Heads 27 Sheep Shim 15 Touches 2 Hand Spikes 11 Tomprions 2 Hoeltrees 1 Beds 6 Paper 21 Quires Match 35 Signd Bridger Barrells 3 John French Bolts 9 Lintstocks 4 Shovells 1 The Storekeeper this day laid before us the following Account, viz: Profit & Loss Do to Sundry Accounts £22 . 4 . 10½ for Loss by Leakage, Wastage, Short Weight, & Measures by drawing by the Gallon, half Gallon, Quart & Pint & by Weighing by the Pound & Sundry Sorts of Goods Sold by the Yard viz: Bunting viz: 3 Yards Broad Red 0 . 2 . 1½ ¾ Do White 0 . 0 . 4½ 0 . 2 . 5¾ Carried over 0 . 2 . 5¾	Gunner's stores expended in October 1744. Powder in small cartridges, 6 lb 2.5 oz Worm, 1 Sprung staffs, 18 Sponge heads, 10 Governor head, 27 Sheep skin, 15 Trucks, 2 Hand spikes, 14 Sponsons, 2 Axletrees, 1 Beads, 6 Paper, 21 quires Match, 35 Budge barrels, 3 Bolts, 4 Linstock, 4 Shovels, 4 Signed John French. The storekeeper laid before the council the following account. Profit and loss to sundry accounts, £2 9s 10.5d, for loss by leakage, wastage, short weight and measure by drawing by the gallon, half gallon, quart and pint and by weighing by the pound, and sundry sorts of goods sold by the yard. Bunting: 3 yards broad red, £0 2s 1.5d 3 yards white, £0 0s 4.5d Total bunting, £0 2s 5.75d Carried over, £0 2s 5.75d Interpretations The gunner's stores expended in the month were the ordinary materials of maintaining and serving the guns, the sponge heads and staffs for cleaning the bores, the budge barrels for carrying made-up charges, the match and linstock for firing and the sheepskin for the sponges. Recording so modest an expenditure of powder in small cartridges, with no heavy firing, shows the batteries kept up and exercised rather than fought, the guns tended and their gear renewed against the day the war with France might bring an enemy to the road. The storekeeper's profit and loss account set out the routine and unavoidable shrinkage of the store, the loss on liquids drawn off by the gallon and pint and on goods measured by weight and by the yard. Entering this wastage as a formal charge shows the establishment recognising that a working store could not issue its goods without some loss in the handling, the same principle Wright had pleaded in his defence, that leakage, short measure and the ordinary waste of retailing were inseparable from the keeping and issuing of stock.
346		343	Bread & Flower viz: Brought over £ 0 . 2 . 5¾ 1 Do 1. 9 Bread 7 . 7 . 10½ Brandy 53½ Gallons 10 . 9 . 6½ Corks 1½ doz 0 . 0 . 4¾ Canvas viz: 5¾ Yards Saching 0 . 3 . 10 3½ Do English Canvas 0 . 4 . 6½ 0 . 8 . 4½ Deals do 1 Half Inch Wainscott Board 0 . 2 . 4 Glasware viz: 18 Sq Glass 12 by 12 broke 0 . 13 . 1½ 14 Do Do 8 by 10 Do 0 . 3 . 3 4 Wine Glasses broke 0 . 1 . 1 0 . 19 . 8½ Hooks & Lines viz: 4 Damaged Lines 0 . 3 . 4 160 Blue Hooks lost on Counting 0 . 0 . 5 0 . 3 . 9 Haberdashersware 6 Mohair Coat Buttons 0 . 0 . 3½ Ironmongersware viz: 2 Bollrope Needles 0 . 0 . 2½ 1 Gouge broke 0 . 0 . 2½ 1 Ragg Stone broke 0 . 0 . 1½ 0 . 1 . 7 1 Iron Shovell 0 . 2 . 0 1 Joyners Hatchet 0 . 0 . 11 1 Chizell 0 . 0 . 7½ 6 Dutch Rings 0 . 1 . 3 1 pair Fetchers 0 . 6 . 11 Carried over £ 20 . 1 . 7½	Brought over, £0 2s 5.75d. Bread and flour: 1 hundredweight 1 quarter 9 lb bread, £7 7s 10.5d Brandy, 53.5 gallons, £10 9s 6.5d Corks, 1.5 dozen, £0 0s 4.5d Canvas: 5.5 yards sacking, £0 3s 10d 3.5 yards English canvas, £0 4s 6.5d Total canvas, £0 8s 4.5d Deals, 1 half inch wainscot board, £0 2s 4d Glassware: 15 square glass 12 by 12, broke, £0 13s 1.5d 14 square glass 8 by 10, broke, £0 3s 3d 4 wine glasses, broke, £0 1s 4d Total glassware, £0 19s 8.5d Hooks and lines: 4 damaged lines, £0 3s 4d 160 blue hooks, lost on counting, £0 0s 5d Total hooks and lines, £0 3s 9d Haberdashery, 6 mohair coat buttons, £0 0s 3.5d Ironmongery: 2 bolt rope needles, £0 0s 2.5d 1 gouge, broke, £0 0s 2.5d 1 ragstone, broke, £0 0s 1.5d 1 iron shovel, £0 1s 7d 1 joiners hatchet, £0 0s 2d 1 chisel, £0 0s 11d 6 Dutch rings, £0 0s 7.5d 1 pair scissors, £0 1s 3d Total ironmongery, £0 6s 11d Carried over, £20 1s 7.5d Interpretations The glassware entered as broke, the window squares and the wine glasses lost to breakage, mark the standing hazard of holding so fragile a commodity in a working store, the same difficulty Wright had pleaded in his defence of the inventory. Charging the broken glass to the profit and loss account rather than concealing it shows the establishment recognising breakage as an inseparable cost of keeping glass, the loss set down as a plain fact of the store rather than laid to any fault of the keeper. The 160 blue hooks entered as lost on counting mark the small unavoidable errors of numbering a stock held in the tens of thousands, a handful of the smallest articles slipping from the tally in the very act of the count. Setting down the loss so exactly shows the honesty of the reckoning, the storekeeper charging himself even with the trifle that the counting of so vast a parcel of hooks could not perfectly capture, the same looseness of tale that ran through the whole inventory acknowledged openly on the account.
347		344	Brought over £ 20 . 1 . 7½ Lead viz: 4½ Sheet Lead 0 . 1 . 11 10½ Pigg Do 0 . 1 . 9 0 . 3 . 8 Nails ½ . 20 Nails 0 . 0 . 7 Oil viz: 17 Gallons Rape & Train 2 . 16 . 8 1 Do Linseed Oil 0 . 19 . 8 1 Bottle Florence 0 . 2 . 6 3 . 16 . 10 Paint viz: 3lb Yellow Oather 0 . 0 . 7½ 2lb Red Lead 0 . 0 . 5 1 Indico 0 . 1 . 10 0 . 2 . 10½ Pitch 2 0 . 4 . 9½ Starch 9lb 0 . 1 . 8 Salt 1½ Bushel 0 . 9 . 3½ Soap 38½ 1 . 16 . 8½ Malloon ½ Yard 0 . 0 . 3½ Turners Ware viz: 2 Platters broke 0 . 1 . 2 1 Paint Brush broke 0 . 0 . 4 0 . 1 . 6 Tin Ware 2 Lanthorne Leaves 0 . 0 . 2½ Tobacco 10lb 0 . 3 . 11½ Vinegar 20½ Gallons 1 . 19 . 3½ Arrack 94½ Gallons 9 . 12 . 5 Carried over £ 38 . 13 . 10	Brought over, £20 1s 7.5d. Lead: 11 lb sheet lead, £0 1s 11d 10 lb pig lead, £0 1s 9d Total lead, £0 3s 8d Nails, 2 lb 20 penny nails, £0 0s 7d Oil: 19 gallons rape and train, £2 16s 8d 1 gallon linseed oil, £0 17s 8d 1 bottle Florence, £0 2s 6d Total oil, £3 16s 10d Paint: 3 lb yellow ochre, £0 0s 7.5d 2 lb red lead, £0 0s 5d 1 lb indigo, £0 1s 10d Total paint, £0 2s 10.5d Pitch, 2 lb, £0 4s 9.5d Starch, 4 lb, £0 1s 8d Salt, 1.5 bushel, £0 7s 3.5d Soap, 58.5 lb, £1 10s 8.5d Mohair, 0.5 yard, £0 0s 5.5d Turnery: 2 platters, broke, £0 1s 2d 1 paint brush, broke, £0 0s 4d Total turnery, £0 1s 6d Tinware, 2 lantern leaves, £0 0s 2.5d Tobacco, 10 lb, £0 3s 11.5d Vinegar, 20.5 gallons, £1 19s 3.5d Arrack, 94.5 gallons, £9 12s 5d Carried over, £38 13s 10d Interpretations The profit and loss account gathered together the whole month's shrinkage across the store, the oil, brandy, arrack and vinegar lost in drawing off by the gallon, the salt and soap short in the weighing, and the glass, platters and lantern leaves broken in the handling. Reckoning every kind of wastage in one account shows the establishment treating the loss of a working store as a regular and expected charge, the leakage of liquids, the shrinkage on measure and the breakage of brittle ware all set down together as the plain cost of keeping and issuing goods. The heavy loss on the arrack and brandy, better than nine pounds on the arrack alone, marks the particular difficulty of holding spirits, which wasted in the cask and in the drawing far more than dry goods. Setting so large a shrinkage on the spirits against the trifling losses on the paint and nails shows where the real waste of the store lay, the same point Wright had pressed in tracing the brandy's loss to its casks, the liquids the commodity that a store could least keep whole through long standing and constant issue.
348		345	Brought over £ 38 . 13 . 10 China Ware viz: 1 Scalloped Dish broke 0 . 0 . 0 2 Tea Potts Do 0 . 0 . 4 35 Nogging Cups Do 0 . 0 . 9 5 Scallops Cups Do 0 . 2 . 2½ 19 Small Do Do 0 . 0 . 3½ 10 Coffee Do Do 0 . 1 . 2½ 4 Bowls Blue & White broke 0 . 1 . 2½ 5 Sweeters Do 0 . 2 . 10 0 . 1 . 0½ 0 . 9 . 10 Candles 25½ 2 . 0 . 4½ Rice & Paddy viz: 2 . 0 . 4 Rice 14 . 7 . 1 . 10 Paddy 0 . 2 . 4½ 0 . 16 . 11½ Sugar & Candy viz: 7 . 0 . 16½ Sugar 7 . 2 . 11 1 . 2 . 27 Candy 3 . 0 . 11½ 10 . 3 . 10½ 52 . 4 . 10½ Profit & Loss Do to Sundry Accounts viz: To Flower for 11 . 2 . 3. & lost upon Sifting 202 Casks that were damaged & destroyed by Vermin & the Heads of the Casks were falling in & great part of the Flower entirely lost on the Ground & a Loss have also accrued on Baking Some of it into Bread for the Garrison 92 . 2 . 9½ To Turnersware 5 horn Sieves & 19 Hair Sieves entirely spoilt by Ratts or by long lying having been in the Store many Years, so that they would fetch nothing when put at an Auction 1 . 13 . 4	Brought over, £38 13s 10d. Chinaware: 1 scolloped dish, broke, £0 0s 0d 2 tea pots, broke, £0 0s 4d 35 noggin cups, broke, £0 0s 9d 5 scolloped cups, broke, £0 2s 2.5d 19 small cups, broke, £0 0s 3.5d 19 coffee cups, broke, £0 1s 2.5d 4 bowls blue and white, broke, £0 1s 2.5d 5 saucers, broke, £0 2s 10d Total chinaware, £0 9s 10d Candles, 25.5 lb, £2 0s 4.5d Rice and paddy: 2 bags 2 pecks 4 lb rice, £0 14s 7d 1 bag 10 lb paddy, £0 2s 4.5d Total rice and paddy, £0 16s 11.5d Sugar and candy: 7 hundredweight 26.5 lb sugar, £7 2s 11d 1 hundredweight 2 quarters 27 lb candy, £3 0s 11.5d Total sugar and candy, £10 3s 10.5d Total, £52 4s 10.5d Profit and loss to sundry accounts. To flour, for 112 hundredweight 3 quarters 8 lb lost on sifting 202 casks that were damaged and destroyed by weevil, £92 2s 9.5d. The heads of the casks were falling in, so that a great part of the flour was entirely lost on the ground, and a loss had also occurred on baking some of it into bread for the garrison. To turnery, 5 corn sieves and 19 hair sieves entirely spoilt by rats or by long lying, having been in the store many years, so that they would fetch nothing when put up at auction, £1 13s 4d. Interpretations The great loss on the flour, better than 112 hundredweight sifted from 202 damaged casks and worth over ninety pounds, marks the single heaviest wastage of the whole account and the standing curse of holding meal on a remote island. The weevil-eaten flour, its cask heads falling in and much of it spilt entirely on the ground, shows the difficulty the settlement could never master, the same damaged flour the inventory had reported by the first stocktaking now written off in bulk, a store that decayed faster than it could be used or sold. The corn and hair sieves spoilt by rats and long lying, worthless when put up at auction, mark once more the double enemy of the store, the vermin that gnawed the goods and the mere passage of time that rotted what stood too long unused. Charging even these old and ruined sieves to the profit and loss account shows the thoroughness of the reckoning, the establishment writing off its dead stock openly, the same rats that killed the island's timber and ate its tape and drill strings reaching here into the turnery to spoil the very sieves. The chinaware once again enters the account almost wholly as broken, the cups, pots, bowls and saucers lost to breakage in a store holding such ware in the thousands. Setting down so long a list of broken china shows breakage accepted as the plain and constant cost of keeping so fragile a commodity, the same hazard Wright had pleaded, the loss on the glass and porcelain a thing no care could prevent and so charged as a matter of course.
349		346	In Consideration of the Great Issues we are of Opinion the above Account is reasonable, but Submits to the Pleasure of the Honble Company. This day Mr Richard Gurling Junr & Joshua Worrall, Executors to the late Eleanor Worrall dec attended and paid an Old Debt due to the Honble Company of £77 . 6. On the 9. Instant arrived the Ship Colchester Capt Campbell from Borneo David Dunbar Cha Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 20. Novr 1744 at the Castle. Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Charles Hutchinson Lieu Govr Christopher Dixon 3. John Goodwin 4. of Councill Matthew Purling 5. The last Consultation was read & approved. This day we received the following Letter from Mr Gilbert Dale. Honourable	Given the great issues, the council held the account above reasonable, but submitted it to the pleasure of the Company. Richard Girling and Joshua Worrall, executors to the late Eleanor Worrall, attended and paid an old debt due to the Company of £77 6s 0d. On 9 November the ship Colchester, Captain Campbell, arrived from Borneo. Signed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. At a consultation held on Tuesday 20 November 1744 at the castle. Present: Governor Colonel David Dunbar, Lieutenant Governor Captain Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon third, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. The council received the following letter from Gilbert Dale. Interpretations The council approved the storekeeper's whole account of waste while expressly reserving it to the pleasure of the Company, allowing the losses in the first instance but leaving the final judgement to London. Passing the account subject to the directors' review shows the board's limited authority over so large a matter of deficiency, the council able to find the waste reasonable but not to discharge it absolutely, the ultimate settlement of the storekeeper's answerability held over for the Company that alone could release him. The payment of an old debt of £77 6s 0d by the executors of the late Eleanor Worrall marks the long reach of the Company's recovery of what was owed it, a debt outstanding at a death and pursued through the estate. Settling so considerable a sum through the executors shows the establishment holding the estates of the dead answerable for their debts to the Company, the same steady pursuit of arrears that ran through the debt rolls, the obligation surviving the debtor and pressed home upon those who came after.
350		347	Honourable Sir & Sirs Captain Campbell has used me very ill ever since Captain Micholfield's Death, has Suspended me from discharging my duty on Board four Several times without any other advice then his own, and as I do intend to serve the Company & Owners to the best of my power, I do therefore beg the favour Your Honours will enquire whether I am Culpable of what he now lays to my Charge (Steering the Ship upon the Rocks) wherein you will greatly Oblige. Novr the 17. 1744. Honourable Sir & Sirs Your Honours most hum. Servant Signd Gilbert Dale. Captain Campbell being present when the above letter was read, we asked him what induced him to use Mr Gilbert Dale his Chief Mate in the manner he had sett forth in the above Letter, to which he Capt Campbell answered, That on the 10. Instant he directed a Cable and Hawser to be put into the Long Boat to warp the Ship as near as they could to the west Rocks without danger, And that he afterwards going on Shore left Orders with Mr Dale Chief Mate and Mr Evenly Second Mate and Mr Fox Boatswain to see it done, that sometime after he had Landed he went to wait on the Governour and as they were in Conversation together he heard a Gun fire, going out to see what was the Matter, he saw the Ship near Shore, whereupon he went immediately on Board & found her upon the Rocks where She Struck several times, That the Governour him immediately sent some Soldiers on Board by whose Assistance the Ship was directly got off, And being informed by His Officers that it was from the negligence of Mr Dale the Chief Mate, he thereupon, discharged him.	Gilbert Dale wrote to the council on 17 November 1744. Captain Campbell had used him very ill ever since Captain Micklefield's death, and had suspended him from his duty on board four separate times without any advice but his own. As Dale meant to serve the Company and the owners to the best of his power, he asked the council to inquire whether he was culpable of what Campbell laid to his charge, the running of the ship upon the rocks. Captain Campbell was present when the letter was read, and the council asked him what had led him to use Gilbert Dale, his chief mate, in the manner set out in the letter. Campbell answered that on 10 November he had directed a cable and hawser to be put into the longboat to warp the ship as near as they safely could to the west rocks. He then went ashore, leaving orders with Dale the chief mate, Beanly the second mate and Cox the boatswain to see it done. Some time after landing he went to wait on the Governor, and as they were talking together he heard a gun fired. Going out to see what was the matter with the ship near shore, he found her upon the rocks, where she struck several times. The Governor at once sent soldiers on board, by whose help the ship was got off, and being told by his officers that it was through Dale's negligence, Campbell had discharged him as chief mate. Interpretations The dispute between Campbell and Dale turned on responsibility for the Colchester striking the west rocks, the captain having gone ashore leaving the warping of the ship to his three officers. The clash shows the difficulty of fixing blame for a mishap that fell out in the commander's absence, Campbell laying the grounding to Dale's negligence while Dale sought the council's judgement on whether he was truly at fault, the master and the mate each throwing the responsibility on the other for a ship endangered while neither stood on her deck. Dale appealed to the Governor and council to judge a quarrel that was properly the internal discipline of a ship, a matter between a captain and his mate, seeking an outside authority to clear his name. Bringing so private a dispute of the sea before the island's government shows the standing that the council held for the shipping in its road, the board treated as an arbiter to whom an aggrieved officer might turn where a captain's own authority had gone against him, the settlement's magistracy reaching even into the ordering of a merchant ship. The soldiers the Governor sent aboard to help work the stranded ship off the rocks mark once again the practical service the garrison rendered the shipping, the island's men turned to the aid of a vessel in distress. Sending the guard to help float the Colchester shows the settlement standing ready to save the ships that called, the same use of the garrison for the shipping's relief that ran through the accounts, the soldiers' labour lent to a ship in danger as readily as their pay was drawn.
351		348	Mr Patrick Cranby Second Mate of the Ship Colchester being sworn Saith That the occasion of the Ships running on Shore was for want of care and not letting the Anchor go soon enough, That the Anchor was clear, but Mr Dale would not lett it go till the Cable was Bitied, and when they were heaving on their eight Inch Hawser, he advised Mr Dale not to go too near the Shore, before he lett go the best Bower Anchor, & the Reason was that, that was the Anchor they were to make sail from And that if Capt Campbell Should send off word to unmoor twenty four Houres before hand, he would be troubled with little winds under the Hills. Mr George Cox Boatswain of the Said Ship being sworn Saith that they run out and lash the Stream Cable into the Long Boat and then the eight Inch Hawser then the five Inch Towling, then the Stream Anchor, in readiness to warp the Ship in & that he had Orders from the Capt before he went on Shore to carry the Anchor close in and after landing he had Cable enough carried the End on Shore & fastened it to the Gun which is placed for a Shorefast, After the Towling was brought on Board they roused him tart & made it fast, then brought the best Bower Cable to the Capstall, then hove Short upon their Best Bower, & roused the Towling on tart again, then they weighed their Best Bower, after it was up, it was hung by the Forelock, Then took the Cable off from the Capstall and brought the Towling to the Capstall hove in upon it untill they had got to the end of their Eight Inch Hawser in, then he proposed to the Officers to lett the best Bower Anchor go & moor her as she was, but it was not done, & for want of which the Ship laid on Shore and Struck. Mr Thomas Adams Third Mate of the Ship Colchester, being sworn Examined said that Capt Campbell, Ordered the Boatswain to go into the Long Boat with the	Patrick Cranby, second mate of the ship Colchester, being sworn, said the ship ran ashore for want of care and because the anchor was not let go soon enough. The anchor was clear, but Dale would not let it go until the cable was bitted. As they were heaving in their eight inch hawser, Cranby advised Dale not to go too near the shore before he let go the best bower anchor, the reason being that this was the anchor they were to make sail from. If Captain Campbell should send word to unmoor twenty-four hours beforehand, he would be troubled with little winds under the hills. George Cox, boatswain of the ship, being sworn, said they ran out and lashed the stream cable into the longboat, then the eight inch hawser, then the five inch bowline, then the stream anchor, in readiness to warp the ship in. He had orders from the captain before he went ashore to carry the anchor close in, and after finding he had cable enough he hurried the end ashore and fastened it to the gun placed for a shore fast. After the bowline was brought aboard they roused it taut and made it fast, then brought the best bower cable to the capstan, then hove short upon their best bower. They roused the bowline taut again, then weighed their east bower. After it was up it was hung by the foretack. They then took the cable off from the capstan and brought the bowline to the capstan, hove in upon it until they had got to the end of their eight inch hawser in. Cox then proposed to the officers to let the best bower anchor go and moor her as she was, but it was not done, and for want of that the ship paid ashore and struck. Thomas Adams, third mate of the ship Colchester, being sworn and examined, said Captain Campbell ordered the boatswain to go into the longboat with the [...]. Interpretations The council took the sworn evidence of the ship's officers one by one, the second mate, the boatswain and the third mate each deposing separately on the manner of the grounding. Gathering the accounts of several witnesses on oath and setting them side by side shows the board bringing its ordinary method of inquiry to bear on a shipboard mishap, testing the truth by the agreement of independent testimony, the same practice it used in its own criminal and civil business now applied to a dispute of the sea. The technical detail of the depositions, the warping of the ship by anchors, cables and hawsers and the exact sequence of heaving and weighing, records the council receiving expert seamanship as evidence in a matter its own members could hardly judge unaided. Taking down so full an account of the working of the ship shows the board's dependence on the mariners themselves to establish what had gone wrong, the officers' sworn narrative of a seaman's craft supplying the facts on which the landsmen of the council would have to form their judgement. The boatswain's evidence that he proposed letting the best bower go to moor the ship and that it was not done fixed the point of failure squarely on the officers who overruled him, chiefly Dale. Recording that the ship struck for want of an anchor the boatswain had urged them to let go shows the inquiry pressing toward the exact moment and the exact decision that lost the ship, the council seeking not merely that she grounded but whose judgement in the working of her had brought it about.
352		349	the Stream Cable and Anchor and Hausers as he thought proper, That the Boatswain made fast the Stream Cable to the Gun, and then came on Board with the Long Boat, they then hauled tart upon the warp and made him fast to the Bitts and hove up the Best Bower Anchor which was hung by the forelack ready to lett go when Orders were given, That he was on the Watch untill the end of the Stream Cable came in then he went upon the forecastle where Mr Dale and Mr Cranby were and he heard Mr Cranby tell Mr Dale, that they should be too nigh the Shore by reason they must sail from their Best Bower Anchor and that the Lady Winds would Puzzle them, Mr Dale replied never fear, we shall not be too nigh. And then he Mr Adams went into the Waist, to chear the People to heave at the Capstall, when it should be Ordered. Mr Edmund Haddock 5th Mate of the Ship Colchester, being sworn and examined Saith That the Stream Cable, Eight Inch Hawser, five Inch Towling and Stream Anchor were ordered by Capt Campbell, before he went on Shore, to be put into the Long Boat to be carried in Shore in order to warp the Ship farther in. That the Boatswain went into the Boat to carry it out but finding he had Length enough to reach one of the Guns on Shore made the end of the Stream Cable fast, after which they hauled the Towling tart on Board & made it fast, and brought the best Bower Cable to the Capstall and hove a Peak, then they roused the Towling in tart and weighed the Best Bower Anchor & hove it up, then they brought the Towlong to the Capstall & the Boatswain hung the Best Bower Anchor with the end of the forelack. Then they manned the Capstall & hove & when the end of the Eight Inch Hawser came in, he heard the Boatswain propose to Mr Cranby to lett go the Best Bower Anchor, and heave in the end of the Stream Cable and moor her as She was, Mr Cranby replied he had no Orders from Capt Campbell to moor her so, we kept heaving & have in almost in third of our Stream Cable. That he heard Mr Cranby propose to Mr Dale to	Adams further deposed that the boatswain took the stream cable, anchor and hawsers into the longboat as he thought proper, made the stream cable fast to the gun, and then came aboard with the longboat. They then hauled taut upon the warp, made it fast to the bitts, and hove up the best bower anchor, which was hung by the foretack ready to let go when orders were given. He remained in the wake until the end of the stream cable came in, then went upon the forecastle where Dale and Cranby were. There he heard Cranby tell Dale that they would be too near the shore, because they must sail from their best bower anchor and the eddy winds would puzzle them. Dale replied that they need never fear, they would not be too near. Adams then went into the waist to cheer the people to heave at the capstan when it should be ordered. Edmund Maddock, fifth mate of the ship Colchester, being sworn and examined, said the stream cable, eight inch hawser, five inch bowline and stream anchor were ordered by Captain Campbell, before he went ashore, to be put into the longboat to be carried in shore in order to warp the ship farther in. The boatswain went into the boat to carry it out, but finding he had length enough to reach one of the guns on shore, made the end of the stream cable fast, after which they hauled the bowline taut aboard and made it fast, and brought the best bower cable to the capstan and hove a peak. They then roused the bowline taut and weighed the best bower anchor and hove it up. They then brought the bowline to the capstan, and the boatswain hung the best bower anchor with the end of the foretack. They then manned the capstan and hove, and when the end of the eight inch hawser came in, he heard the boatswain propose to Cranby to let go the best bower anchor and heave in the end of the stream cable and moor her as she was. Cranby replied he had no orders from Captain Campbell to moor her so, and they kept heaving and hove in almost one third of their stream cable. He then heard Cranby propose to Dale [...]. Interpretations The evidence of Adams and Maddock converged on the same exchange upon the forecastle, both hearing Cranby warn that the ship was working too near the shore and the warning set aside. Two separate witnesses fixing on the same words shows the council's method proving its worth, the agreement of independent accounts drawing out the decisive moment, the point at which the danger was seen and named yet the ship still not moored as the boatswain and Cranby had urged. The dispute among the officers over whether they had orders to moor the ship as she lay marks the heart of the failure, Cranby refusing to let go the best bower without Campbell's authority while the boatswain pressed for it. Recording that the ship was held on her dangerous course for want of an order the captain had gone ashore without giving shows the mishap springing from a divided command, no officer aboard holding clear authority to secure her, the very absence of the master that Campbell had pleaded in his own defence now shown as the root of the danger. The successive sworn depositions, each mate deposing in turn and each confirming the working of the ship and the fatal hesitation to moor her, show the council building a careful and cumulative record of a technical event. Taking the evidence of the second, third and fifth mates in order, so that the account of the grounding grew fuller and more consistent with each witness, shows the board assembling by patient inquiry the full picture of a seaman's failure that no single testimony could have given, the truth established by the weight of agreeing witnesses.
353		350	to lett go the Best Bower Anchor, but he told him he would rather heave a little more of the Stream Cable in, after which they hauled the Capstall and the wind came from the North East which Swang the Ship Broad Side to the Rocks, & which was for want for letting go the Best Bower Anchor, or some other, before they had hove in so much of their Stream Cable. Mr Gilbert Dale being present and heard all the declarations concerning the Ship Colchester's Striking upon the Rocks, of which he was Chief Mate Saith that That Capt Campbell before he went on Shore left Orders with them to warp the Ship in Shore, he told Mr Cranby who was then on the Quarter Deck, that he would warp her on the West side of the Rode under Ladder Hill, Mr Cranby answered no, upon which both Mr Cranby and Mr Dale went to Capt Campbell on the Poop & he said he would warp her in close under the Shore where the Gun was, just where the Ship lay, Mr Cranby was in the last Voyage there Capt Campbell told Mr Cranby, Then Capt Campbell Ordered the Stream Cable & two Hausers in the Long Boat & the Stream Anchor to carry in Shore in Order to warp in, & reaching the Shore, the end of the Stream Cable was made fast to the Gun, then they hauled on their Five Inch Hawser, to keep their warp tart, Capt Campbell then went on Shore, and they weighed their Best Bower Anchor, & blowing fresh off Shore they hove in as fast as they could, to gett the Hausers in, fearing they might break, they being old, they then gott the end of their Stream Cable, two or three small Seals down on the main Hatchway, And then hauled the Capstall, the wind blowing somewhat less and veaning a little to the North Eastward, the Ship began to living a little, That he called to lett go the Best Bower Anchor, there being a man by, Suppose, and the Anchor Hanging at the Bow, Mr Cranby and the Boatswain	Maddock further deposed that Cranby proposed to Dale to let go the best bower anchor, but Dale told him he would rather heave a little more of the stream cable in. After that they manned the capstan, and the wind came from the north east, which swung the ship broadside to the rocks. This happened for want of letting go the best bower anchor, or some other, before they had hove in so much of their stream cable. Gilbert Dale, being present and having heard all the declarations concerning the ship Colchester striking upon the rocks, of which he was chief mate, said Captain Campbell before he went ashore left orders with him to warp the ship in shore. Dale told Cranby, who was then on the quarter deck, that he would warp her on the west side of the road under Ladder Hill. Cranby answered no, on which both Cranby and Dale went to Captain Campbell on the poop, and Campbell said he would warp her in close under the shore where the gun was, just where the ship lay, and that Cranby had been there in the last voyage. Campbell then ordered the stream cable and two hawsers into the longboat with the stream anchor, to carry in shore in order to warp in. On reaching the shore the end of the stream cable was made fast to the gun. They then hauled on their five inch hawser to keep their warp taut. Campbell then went ashore, and they weighed their best bower anchor. It blowing fresh off shore, they hove in as fast as they could to get the hawsers in, fearing they might break, being old. They then got the end of their stream cable and two or three small shoats down on the main hatches, and then manned the capstan. The wind blowing somewhat less and veering a little to the north eastward, the ship began to swing a little. Dale then called to let go the best bower anchor, there being a man by named [...] and the anchor hanging at the bow, Cranby and the boatswain [...]. Interpretations Dale's own account differed at the decisive point from the evidence of the other officers, he saying he had called to let go the best bower anchor while the boatswain, Cranby and the mates had deposed that he delayed and overruled the proposal. Setting the accused's testimony against the convergent evidence of his fellows shows the council's inquiry laying bare a direct conflict of witnesses, Dale placing the fatal order in his own mouth where the others had it refused or postponed, the board left to weigh one man's word against the agreement of several. Dale traced the choice of warping ground back to Captain Campbell's own direction, the master having overruled Dale's preference for the west side under Ladder Hill and insisted on the close berth by the gun where the ship then lay. Bringing out that Campbell himself fixed the dangerous position shows the inquiry reaching past Dale to the captain's own judgement, the grounding no longer plainly the mate's fault alone but resting in part on the master's order to warp her in close, so that the responsibility Campbell had thrown wholly on Dale was shown to be shared. The fresh wind off shore and the officers' fear that their old hawsers might break marks the pressure of circumstance under which the fatal decisions were taken, the seamen hurrying their work against failing gear and a shifting wind. Recording that they hove in fast for fear the worn hawsers would part shows the grounding as the outcome of a genuine dilemma rather than mere carelessness, the officers caught between the need to secure the ship and the weakness of the very cables on which her safety depended.
354		351	Boatswain went into the Forecastle & answered the Cable was not Clear. That he stamped on the Quarter Deck, & called a great many times, let go the Anchor, She wind freshning and coming from Mesdame Point made the Ship Swing, in about Ten or Fifteen Minutes. The Boatswain called to him, Shall we no lett go the Anchor the Cable is clear, That he looked over the Starboard Side, and saw the Rock plain, & then he answered him its now too late you must run out a warp to heave her farther off for she now touches the Shore, then the Boatswain carried a warp out, and they hove off, And that at the time he called so often to lett go the Anchor, he did not see a man take hold of the Cable except Mr Cranby and the Boatswain, And that several of the people abused him & gave him ill Language, which they have frequently done since Capt Michelfields Death, and received no punishment for it. Mr Cranby Second Mate & Mr George Cox Boatswain, were asked whether that part of Mr Dales defence, where he mentions his Ordering them to lett go the Anchor was true or no, they both declared on Oath, that he gave no such Orders & that the Cable was clear and not Bitted. Upon hearing the evidences upon Oath of the Mates & Boatswain of the Said Ship, We are of Opinion that Mr Dale the Chief Mate did not behave so cautiously as an Officer should in such a case, but however do believe that the accident of the Ship touching the Shore was occasioned by the wind veering about to the North East, which rarely happens here. We do think that Mr Dale should be suspended for a time for his neglect, but as such an accident might happen to the most carefull man, we dont think he deserves to be removed from his post, especially at this great distance from home, and considering that he has served two Voyages before as Mate, he is now the only Sworn Officer on Board besides the Captain, but as the Captain has taken upon him to	Dale further deposed that the boatswain went into the forecastle and answered that the cable was not clear. Dale stamped on the quarter deck and called a great many times to let go the anchor. The wind freshening and coming from Munden Point made the ship swing, and in about ten or fifteen minutes the boatswain called to him to ask whether they should let go the anchor, the cable being clear. The boatswain looked over the starboard side and said the rock was plain, on which Dale answered him it was now too late, they must run out a warp to heave her farther off, for she now touched the shore. The boatswain then carried a warp out and they hove off. At the time Dale called so often to let go the anchor he did not see any man take hold of the cable except Cranby and the boatswain. Several of the people abused him and gave him ill language, which they had frequently done since Captain Micklefield's death, and received no punishment for it. Cranby, second mate, and George Cox, boatswain, were asked whether that part of Dale's defence in which he mentioned his ordering them to let go the anchor was true or no. They both declared on oath that he gave no such order, and that the cable was clear and not bitted. On hearing the evidence on oath of the mates and boatswain of the ship, the council held that Dale the chief mate did not behave so cautiously as an officer should in such a case. It believed, however, that the ship touching the shore was caused by the wind veering about to the north east, which rarely happened there. The council thought Dale should be suspended for a time for his neglect, but as such an accident might happen to the most careful man, it did not think he deserved to be removed from his post, especially at this great distance from home, and considering that he had served two voyages before as mate and was now the only sworn officer on board besides the captain. But as the captain had taken upon him [...]. Interpretations The inquiry closed on a direct and irreconcilable conflict of oaths, Dale swearing he had called repeatedly to let go the anchor while Cranby and the boatswain swore he gave no such order and the cable was clear. Confronting the accused's sworn word with the sworn denial of two others shows the limit of the council's method, the convergence of witnesses that had served through the earlier depositions now hardening into a flat contradiction the board could resolve only by choosing whom to believe, which it did against Dale. The council's judgement balanced Dale's neglect against the genuine misfortune of the wind veering to the north east, a shift it noted rarely happened in that road, and tempered its censure accordingly. Finding him careless yet declining to break him, on the ground that such an accident might befall the most careful man, shows the board weighing fault against circumstance with real care, unwilling to ruin an officer for a mishap in which bad luck and a rare wind had played their part alongside his want of caution. The council's reasons for sparing Dale rested on the practical needs of the ship as much as on justice, he being the only sworn officer aboard besides the captain and the vessel far from home where a replacement could not be had. Weighing the distance from England and the ship's need of her officers against the mate's fault shows the board's judgement shaped by the hard realities of a remote station, mercy to Dale serving the ship's own interest in keeping an experienced officer she could not easily replace.
355		352	to turn out the Chief Mate upon his going on Board after the said accident without any complaint or representation to us, which we apprehend to be quite Irregular, we do not take upon us to restore him, but give our opinion for the reasons aforesaid that he ought not to be displaced. And as the Gentlemen Supercargoes were present at the Said examination and must be thoroughly acquainted with the capacity of Mr Dale as to the duty of Mate we do think the Captain ought to be advised by them in continueing or not the said Mr Dale during his good behaviour. This day Captain Charles Hutchinson paid into the Honourable Companys Cash, One hundred pounds for which we gave him One Bill of Bills payable to his Order in England at ninety days sight. This day Mr John Goodwin the Accomptant laid before us the Journal parcells for the Month of September last, which were examined and approved and Ordered to be entered. The paymaster was Ordered to pay Mr Joseph Kendall Twelve Guineas for surveying the Horse Point and the Honourable Companys pastureal about the Plantation House, and the three Soldiers that attended him one Shilling p day Each. This day we counted the Honourable Companys Cash and found it in the following manner viz: Cash.	As the captain had taken upon him to turn out the chief mate on his going aboard after the accident, without any complaint or representation to the council, which it held quite irregular, the council did not take upon itself to restore Dale, but gave its opinion for the reasons above that he ought not to be displaced. As the supercargoes were present at the examination and must be thoroughly acquainted with Dale's capacity as to the duty of a mate, the council thought the captain ought to be advised by them in continuing or not continuing Dale during his good behaviour. Captain Charles Hutchinson paid into the Company's cash one hundred pounds, for which the council gave him one set of bills payable to his order in England at ninety days sight. John Goodwin the accountant laid before the council the journal parcels for the month of September, which were examined, approved and ordered to be entered. The paymaster was ordered to pay Joseph Kendall twelve guineas for surveying the Horse Point and the Company's pastures about Plantation House, and the three soldiers who attended him one shilling a day each. The council counted the Company's cash and found it in the following manner. Interpretations The council held Campbell irregular for turning out his chief mate without any complaint or representation to the board, marking a limit it set on a captain's authority over his officers while his ship lay in the island's road. Faulting the master for acting on his own hand rather than laying the matter before the council shows the board asserting a supervisory standing over the shipping, the captain's power to dismiss a sworn officer subject, in the island's view, to the government's own review of the cause. The council declined to restore Dale itself, instead directing that the captain be advised by the supercargoes, deferring to the men who knew Dale's capacity and who held the Company's commercial authority in the ship. Choosing to work through the supercargoes rather than impose its own order shows the board treading carefully at the edge of its jurisdiction, unwilling either to sanction Campbell's irregular dismissal or to override a captain's command outright, and so reaching for the Company's own officers to settle a matter that touched both discipline and trade. The payment of twelve guineas to Joseph Kendall for surveying the Horse Point and the Plantation House pastures marks the council carrying forward the improvement of its fodder ground, the same Horse Point where Jeptha Germain had lately broken up land to try the hay seed. Setting a formal survey against that ground shows the establishment pressing on with the measurement and improvement of its pastures, the surveying of the land to be laid down for hay treated as a necessary step in securing the winter feed that the stock had so often wanted.
356		353	1744 Cash Do Per Contra Cr Nov. 20. To Ballance of Cash remaining £ 2761 . 19 . 9 By Cash paid Giles Smith for 38½ Bush Lime at 12d Bu 1 . 18 . 6 By do paid an Express who brought an Account of two Ships to windward 0 . 2 . 6 By Ballance in the following Specie viz: 1691 Pagodas 760 . 19 . 0 20 Gubbers 60 . 0 . 0 23 Venchans 11 . 10 . 0 ¼ Mardore 6 . 9 . 0 6 Johannes 4 . 6 . 0 ½ Gold Rupee 0 . 15 . 0 1 pr Gold @ 11. 15. 14 @ 3. 18. 3½ 4 . 6 . 1 . 8½ 4½ Do 3. 9. 12 @ 3. 18 13 . 11 . 0½ 839 . 8 . 0 2761 . 19 . 9 3287 Dollars 1321 . 15 . 0 20 Half Dollars 2 . 10 . 0 196 Double Ryalls 12 . 5 . 0 644 Ryalls 29 . 10 . 0 1460 Half Ryalls 22 . 16 . 3 441 French pieces 3 . 13 . 6 Odd Money 0 . 1 . 0 1392 . 10 . 9 Cash Notes amounting to 528 . 0 . 5 £ 2761 . 19 . 9 Copies these far went home by Ship Colchester & Duplicates p Ship Swift Sloop David Dunbar Cha Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling	Cash, in account, 1744. 30 September. Balance of cash remaining, £2,761 19s 9d Per contra. Cash paid Giles Smith for 38.5 bushels of lime at 12d per bushel, £1 18s 6d Cash paid an express who brought an account of two ships to windward, £0 2s 6d Balance in the following species, £2,761 19s 9d Gold: 1,691 pagodas, £760 19s 0d 20 gubbers, £6 0s 0d 23 venetians, £11 10s 0d 0.25 of a madore, £0 6s 9d 0.5 of a johannes, £4 4s 6d 0.5 of a gold rupee, £0 0s 15d 1 pound of gold weight, 11 oz 15 dwt 14 gr, at 46s, £46 1s 8.5d 4 pieces of gold weight, 3 oz 9 dwt 12 gr, at 18s, £13 11s 7.5d Gold amounting to, £839 8s 0d Silver: 5,287 dollars, £1,321 15s 0d 20 half dollars, £2 10s 0d 196 double reals, £12 5s 0d 944 reals, £29 10s 0d 1,460 half reals, £22 16s 3d 441 French pieces, £3 13s 6d Odd money, £0 1s 0d Silver amounting to, £1,392 10s 9d Cash notes amounting to, £528 0s 0d Total, £2,761 19s 9d Signed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. Interpretations The whole cash reserve stood at £2,761 19s 9d on this count, a fall of near £1,795 from the £4,556 11s 8.25d at which the same chest had been struck at the end of the September quarter recorded earlier in this run. The heavy disbursement of the quarter, the payment of the garrison and stores that carried £398 2s 7.5d back into the Company's cash on the paymaster's account, drew the standing reserve down sharply between the two countings, the treasury reduced by the ordinary charges of the establishment as the autumn advanced. The specie itself moved only in the silver against the earlier reckoning, the gold holding exactly as before at £839 8s 0d with the same 1,691 pagodas, 20 gubbers and 23 venetians, while the silver dropped from £1,394 11s 9d to £1,392 10s 9d. The double reals fell from 228 to 196 and the loose odd money from £7 2s 9d to a single shilling, the small coin of daily traffic worn down by the petty payments of the quarter while the great holdings of pagodas and dollars, the money the shipping took, stood untouched. The comparison shows the settlement spending from its silver and its odd money for its ordinary business while it kept its gold and its dollars whole as the reserve that answered the trade. The cash notes held steady at £528 0s 0d across both countings, unchanged where the coined specie had moved, confirming the distinction the earlier account drew between the paper reckoned among the Company's own people and the hard money that served the shipping. Keeping the note issue constant while the silver and odd money fell shows the notes serving a settled internal purpose rather than the shifting traffic of provisions and small payments, the paper a fixed instrument of account on the spot while the coin bore the wear of the quarter's spending.
357		354	At a Consultation held on Tuesday 4. Decbr 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Charles Hutchinson Lieu Govr Christopher Dixon 3d of Councill John Goodwin 4 of Ditto Matthew Purling 5 of do The last Consultation was read & Approved On the 25. November last Sailed the Colchester, Capt Campbell for England, without Saluting the Fort. The Governour Relates, That Capt Campbell of the Colchester had for Several Days, before he Sailed, refused to take Necessary Stores for his Ships Company, tho he was Acquainted by the Govr that the Men Complained of the Want of Provisions for their Voyage home. He was desired Several times to give an Acct of the Particular of his Provisions, which he unwillingly did only by Word of Mouth, and then made Each Species much more then he had, upon which I send to Mr Cranbie, who Acts as Chief Mate, and Examined him upon it, who told me the Capt was Mistaken, and yt the Men Swore they would not weigh Anchor untill more Provisions of Bread, &c & Flower was put on Board. I Ordered him to go on Board, & bring me an Account in Writing, of yt Quantity there remained of Each Species of Provisions, and did him tell the Men, that they should have Sufficient of Every thing. Mr Cranbie did so, & gave this Account now laid before you. Upon this the Capt also gave me another Account, not Made up from Mr Cranbies, Except yt he quite mentioning any Margin Notes: Copy went home by Swift Sloop from hence to Councill 22 Janry 1745 Duplicates for Examination count of Lapsing	At a consultation held on Tuesday 4 December 1744 at the castle. Present: Governor Colonel David Dunbar, Lieutenant Governor Captain Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon third of council, John Goodwin fourth of council and Matthew Purling fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. On 28 November the Colchester, Captain Campbell, sailed for England without saluting the fort. The Governor reported that Captain Campbell of the Colchester had for several days before he sailed refused to take necessary stores for his ship's company, though the Governor told him the men complained of the want of provisions for their voyage home. Campbell was several times asked to give an account of the particulars of his provisions, which he did unwillingly and only by word of mouth, and then made each species much more than he had. The Governor then sent for Cranby, who acted as chief mate, and examined him, and Cranby said the captain was mistaken, and that the men swore they would not weigh anchor until more provisions of bread, rice and flour were put aboard. The Governor ordered Cranby to go aboard and bring him a written account of what quantity remained of each species of provisions, and bade him tell the men they should have sufficient of everything. Cranby did so, and gave this account, now laid before the council. On this the captain also gave another account, made up from Cranby's, except that he omitted mentioning [...]. Interpretations Campbell's refusal to take necessary stores while his men complained of want set the master against both his crew and the island's government, the Governor pressing provisions on a captain unwilling to receive them. The dispute shows the council's concern for the men of the shipping as well as its ships, the board intervening to see a homeward crew properly victualled where their own captain would not provide, the settlement's care reaching past the vessel to the seamen who must sail her round the Cape. The captain's giving his account of provisions only by word of mouth, and making each species much greater than it was, against the written account the Governor required of Cranby, marks the same conflict of loose and exact reckoning that ran through the storekeeper's affairs. Insisting on a written return of what remained shows the Governor distrusting the master's spoken and inflated figures and reaching for the certainty of a written account, the same preference for the exact over the merely asserted that governed the whole handling of stores on the island. The men's oath that they would not weigh anchor until more bread, rice and flour were put aboard marks a near mutiny over provisions, the crew's refusal to sail giving force to the council's intervention. Recording that the seamen swore to stay until victualled shows the practical limit on a captain's authority when his men held the real power to keep the ship in the road, the Governor stepping in to settle a quarrel that touched both the ship's departure and the safety of her crew on the long passage home.
358		355	any Pork, he to inclose it in yt Quantity of Beef. I told him What the Men said of their not Sailing, untill they had more Provisions, and I offered him any sorts he should desire, to these which extended a few hours before he Sailed, which was Complied with, this and some other Articles were delivered after the Accompt had made up the Ships Accounts, and Mr May the Chief Supera Cargo but him Money to Pay for them, these Articles could not therefore be mentioned in our Accounts transmitted home, I think We ought to take this notice of it. You have been Eye, Did Ear witnesses of part of Capt Campbells behaviour, since We received Our Honrs Letter, I just had time to give a short tho of yt I thought most Extraordinary, to the Secret Councille, which I also lay before you, & desire you will take notice of such part of it as comes within your Knowledge, yt the Court of Directors may see our Consultations, yt We transmitted it in due time, & this we may do by our Next Letters, which may gett to England before yt Ship is Cleared. Mr Crambies Account of Provisions on board the Colchester dated the 25. of Novembr 1744 Account of Provisions on Board the Colchester, Capt Collins Campbell, the 25 Day of November 1744 1368 Pieces of Beef 686 Pieces of English Pork 136 Pieces of Dutch do 1110 at 20 Pieces p Day Serves 17 Weeks one Day 2639 of Biskett at 6lb p Day 4 Weeks 5 Days 2264 Pints of Rice at ½ pt P Huk 360 5 1404 Remnins 360 Pints at 3 times p week p Burgoo 1994 Pints that Remains will serve 23 days Your Most Hum. Servt Pa: Crambie	The captain omitted mentioning any pork, so as to include it in the quantity of beef. The Governor asked the men what they meant by their refusal to sail until they had more provisions, and offered them any sorts they should want. The stores were sent aboard a few hours before Campbell sailed, which was complied with, and some other articles were delivered after the account had been made up of the ship's stores. May the chief supercargo lent Campbell money to pay for them. As these articles could not be mentioned in the accounts sent home, the Governor thought the council ought to take notice of it. The council had been eye and ear witnesses of part of Campbell's behaviour since it received the Governor's letter. The Governor had only had time to give an account of what he thought most extraordinary to the secret committee, which he also laid before the council, and desired the council would take notice of such part of it as came within its knowledge, so that the Court of Directors might see by the consultations that it was remarked in due time. This the council might do by its next letter, which might get to England before the ship was cleared. Cranby's account of provisions on board the Colchester, dated 27 November 1744. An account of provisions on board the Colchester, Captain Collin Campbell, on 27 November 1744. 1,568 pieces of beef 686 pieces of English pork 456 pieces of Dutch pork Total, 2,710 At 20 pieces a day, this served nineteen weeks and one day. 2,639 lb of biscuit at 80 lb a day served four weeks and five days 2,264 pints of rice at 72 pints a week 360 pints at 3 times a week, one pint a person 1,404 remained The 1,404 pints that remained would serve twenty-three days. Cranby signed himself the council's most humble servant, Patrick Cranby. Interpretations Campbell's omission of the pork so as to fold it into the quantity of beef marks the exact deception the Governor had suspected in the master's spoken account, the provisions overstated in one species by burying another within it. Setting Cranby's written return of beef, pork, biscuit and rice against the captain's inflated figures shows the value of the exact account the Governor had insisted on, the written tally exposing the trick by which Campbell had made his stores appear greater than they were. The council's care to have Campbell's conduct entered in the consultations and reported to the Court of Directors before the ship could reach England marks the settlement using its records as a weapon against a master it could not otherwise reach. Timing its letter to overtake the ship shows the board's method of holding the shipping to account, the written report to London the means by which the island's government pressed a complaint against a captain whose voyage would carry him beyond its own authority. The chief supercargo lending Campbell money to pay for stores delivered after the ship's accounts were made up marks the practical difficulty of provisioning a reluctant captain, the Company's own commercial officer stepping in to see the goods paid for. Recording that the supercargo advanced the money for provisions that could not appear in the accounts sent home shows the tangled dealings a dispute over stores produced, the very man who held the Company's trade in the ship obliged to lend against the captain's default so that the crew should be victualled at all.
359		356	Capt Campbells Account of Provisions on board the Colchester Dated 28. November 1744 An Account of Provision On Board the Colchester Nov 28. 1744 Beef 210 Pieces Bread 2639lb Rice 2264tt Flower 2000lb St Helena Collin Campbell. Capt Campbells Demand of Provisions Dated 28. Novembr 1744 Sr Please to let me have for the use of Ship Colchester, 1000 wt of Rice, and one Hogshead of Bread, and two Barrells of Flower. Sr your Most Humble Servant, Collin Campbell. November 28. 1744 Copy of the Letter To the Secret Committee St Helena Novembr the 25. 1744 Honble Sirs, This goes by the Colchester full laden with Pepper, she arrived here on the 14 inst, your Orders & our Pacqett to	Captain Campbell's account of provisions on board the Colchester, dated 28 November 1744. An account of provisions on board the Colchester, 28 November 1744. Beef, 2,710 pieces Bread, 2,639 lb Rice, 2,264 lb Flour, 2,000 lb St Helena, Collin Campbell. Captain Campbell's demand of provisions, dated 28 November 1744. Campbell asked for the use of the ship Colchester 1,000 lb of rice, one hogshead of bread and two barrels of flour. The demand was signed Collin Campbell and dated 28 November 1744. Copy of the letter to the secret committee, St Helena, 27 November 1744. The ship Colchester, full laden with pepper, arrived on 9 November with the Company's orders, and [...]. Interpretations Campbell's written account entered his provisions as 2,710 pieces of beef, exactly the total Cranby's return had reached for beef and both kinds of pork together, confirming the Governor's charge that the captain had folded the pork into the beef to swell the one species. Setting the two written accounts side by side shows the deception laid bare in the figures themselves, Campbell carrying the whole 2,710 pieces as beef where Cranby had shown 1,568 of beef and the rest pork, the master's account made to appear fuller in provisions the crew could count on. Campbell's formal demand for a thousand pounds of rice, a hogshead of bread and two barrels of flour, made the very day of his account, marks the captain in the end seeking from the island the same provisions he had first refused to take. Recording his written demand for the stores shows the dispute resolving in his coming round to the Governor's insistence, the master obliged at last to draw the bread, rice and flour his men had sworn they would not sail without, the island's care for the crew prevailing over the captain's reluctance. The letter to the secret committee marks the Governor carrying the affair beyond the ordinary consultation to the Company's confidential body in London, the matter judged grave enough for that particular channel. Reporting Campbell's conduct to the secret committee as well as entering it in the consultations shows the weight the Governor gave to the master's behaviour, the complaint pressed through the most direct route to the Court so that a captain's treatment of his crew and his stores should be answered at home where the island could not reach him.
360		357	to the Honble Court and you were advised to Capt Campbell on the 18. I was unwilling to say more of him than I did in those Letters, but his behaviour since obliges me (in justice to My Masters) to tell you that he was going to sea very unfitly provided for his Voyage, tho he has often told me he had five Months Provisions on Board, but this day Mr Crambie, who comes out Gunner, but acts now as Chief Mate, told me that there is only 26 hundred wt of Bread, and not more than 20 hundred of Rice on board, the Capt yet denys it, but Mr Crambie is gone on Board by my Orders to bring me a return of all kinds of Provisions, I own they have as much Flower as they please, they have had 500 wt already, & they ask 12 hundred more, And I propose to spare two thirds of Bread out of Six months Stores, and one thousand Weight of Rice. I am heartily concerned for the terrible Condition of this Ship, the Capt, a very poor Creature, Carrys no Command over the people very ill, And treats the Gentlemen Supercargoes with indecency, his Chief Mate, Mr Dale is too much given to drink to be trusted, he has been secd days drunk, And quarrelling on Shore since the Capt turned him out, by which Mr Crambie is become Chief Mate, he is a sober, discreet man, the 3d & 4th Mates we have not, did behave well, and the Boatswain is a good man. This day at Dinner the Capt was very angry with the Supra Cargoes, and indeed without any reason or Provocation, And swore he would resign the Ship, and stay here for next Opportunity. I did him consider well what he said, & did, upon which he said, he then resigned her, And I might Putt in any one I pleased. I told him if he would give it under his hand, I would lay it before the Council, and he should have an Answer. After dinner he followed me to my room, and there repeated his resignation, and desired to be discharged, and satt down, and wrote a form of it, And I carryed it away to transcribe, and Sign it.	The Governor's letter to the secret committee continued. The ship had come to the Court with the Company's orders, and the council had been directed to Captain Campbell on the 9th. The Governor had been unwilling to say more of him than he had in those letters, but Campbell's behaviour since obliged him, in justice to his masters, to tell the committee that he was going to sea very unfitly provided for his voyage, though he had often told the Governor he had five months provisions on board. But that day Cranby, who came out gunner but acted as chief mate, told the Governor there were only 2,600 lb of bread and no more than 2,000 lb of rice on board. The captain still denied it, but Cranby had gone aboard by the Governor's order to bring him a written account of all kinds of provisions. The Governor would have the men have as much as they pleased, and they had had 800 lb already and asked for 1,200 more, and he proposed to spare two hogsheads of bread out of the fort's stores and one thousand pounds of rice. The Governor was heartily concerned for the terrible condition of the ship. The captain was a very poor creature and kept no command over the people, who were very ill, and beat the supercargoes with indecency. His chief mate Dale was too much given to drink to be trusted, and had been seen many days drunk and quarrelling ashore since the captain turned him out, on which Cranby was become chief mate. Cranby was a sober, discreet man, the second and fourth mates were honest and behaved well, and the boatswain was a good man. That day at dinner the captain was very angry with the supercargoes, and, without any reason or provocation, swore he would resign the ship and stay on the island for the next opportunity. The Governor bade him consider well what he said or did, on which he said he then resigned the ship and the Governor might put in anyone he pleased. The Governor told him that if he would give it under his hand, he would lay it before the council and he should have an answer. After dinner Campbell followed the Governor to his room and there repeated his resignation, and asked to be discharged, and sat down and wrote a form of it, then carried it away to transcribe and sign it. Interpretations The Governor's report on the Colchester laid the ship's whole disorder to the failure of command, the captain a poor creature who kept no rule over a sick and mutinous crew, the chief mate a drunkard turned out of his place, and the men beating the supercargoes. Setting down so wholesale a collapse of authority aboard shows the council's concern reaching far beyond the single grounding, the ship judged in a terrible condition through the master's want of command, a failure the Governor felt bound in justice to report to the Company however unwilling he had been to press it. The Governor's careful character of each officer, the drunken Dale, the sober Cranby now risen to chief mate, the honest junior mates and the good boatswain, marks the council forming a considered judgement of the men on whom the ship's safety would depend. Reporting each officer's fitness by name shows the board treating the ordering of the ship as a matter within its proper concern, the Governor's assessment of who could be trusted to work her home carried to the Company as evidence bearing on the vessel's fate. Campbell's swearing at dinner to resign the ship and stay on the island, made without reason or provocation, marks the master's authority dissolving into a rash and public abandonment of his command. Recording that the captain resigned in a fit of anger and then sat down to write out his resignation shows the crisis of the ship coming to a head in the commander himself giving up, the Governor careful to have the resignation under Campbell's own hand so that so grave a step should rest on the master's deliberate act rather than a passing heat.
361		358	Had power, I did not hesitate one moment to consent to it, and I am sure you will have no loss in him, but this is too nice a point to determine, and I dare say it will be his last Command, I delivered yt paper to him, he Said he knew Cork very well, I asked if he thought Cork to be on the West Coast of Ireland, he said he did. I told he was Judge of his do docs, but if I was Capt Inc putt in at Galloway or Killybegge, but he might do as he Pleased, I added, that I apprehended the danger was about Capo Clear, and between that and Cork. He desired me this Morning to take five men out of his Ship, & give others for them, as there was Certainly 60 wanting & it is once more hours of the Colchester, I desired him to make this application in Writing, but he declines it. I told him I believed if any were disposed to mutiny, they would be provoked to do it as soon as the Ship was under way, for having any of their Comrades forced from them. I know the 25 And he talks of sailing immediately so yt we give our pacquett, which was ready, purely waited for his Ships Account to be finished. This will be putt into the first post to gett to you before our pacquett. I am with all respect and Duty PS We are teased so much by the Capt, and his behaviour since so Extraordinary, yt we think our Letters easier by the Supra Cargoes. He has given us more trouble than all the ships hitherto, he Scruples to take in provisions, and Mr Crambie tells me yt men Will	The Governor's letter to the secret committee continued. Had the Governor power, he would not hesitate one moment to consent to it, and he was sure the committee would have no loss in Campbell, but this was a nice point to determine, and he dared say it would be his last command. When the Governor delivered the committee's orders to him, Campbell said he knew Cork very well. The Governor asked if he thought Cork to be on the west coast of Ireland, and he said he did. The Governor told him he was judge of his own orders, but that if he were captain he would put in at Galway or Killybegs, and he might do as he pleased. The Governor added that Campbell falsely pretended the danger would be about Cape Clear, and between that and Cork. That morning Campbell asked the Governor to take five men out of his ship and give others for them, so that there would certainly be mutiny and the Governor would never more hear of the Colchester. The Governor asked him to make this application in writing, but he declined it. The Governor told him he believed that if any were disposed to mutiny they would be provoked to do it as soon as the ship was under way, by having any of their comrades forced from them. The Governor knew the 28th, and Campbell talked of sailing immediately, so that the council should give its packet, which was ready and only waited for the ship's account to be finished. This letter would be put into the first packet to get to the committee before the council's own. The Governor remained with all respect and duty. In a postscript the Governor added that the council was teased so much by the captain, and his behaviour since so extraordinary, that it thought its letters safer by the supercargoes. He had given the council more trouble than all the ships hitherto, he scrupled to take in provisions, and Cranby told the Governor [...]. Interpretations The Governor's exchange with Campbell over the situation of Cork, the captain believing it lay on the west coast of Ireland, marks the master's plain ignorance of the very orders and waters he was to navigate. Recording that Campbell could not place a port he was directed to, and that the Governor had to correct him, shows the depth of the council's alarm at the ship's command, the master's incompetence exposed in so basic a matter as the geography of his own passage home. The Governor's refusal to take men out of the ship and replace them, judging that forcing comrades from the crew would provoke the very mutiny Campbell foretold, marks the board's careful reading of the danger aboard. Declining the captain's request on the ground that it would inflame the men rather than settle them shows the Governor's surer grasp of the ship's temper than her own master's, the council weighing how to keep the crew quiet where the captain seemed almost to invite their revolt. The Governor's decision to send his letter by the supercargoes and to overtake the council's own packet marks the extraordinary lengths to which Campbell's conduct drove the board in reporting him. Choosing the more confidential and the swifter channel, so that the committee should have the fullest and earliest account, shows the weight the Governor laid on the affair, a captain's behaviour judged so far beyond the ordinary that the usual course of the council's correspondence was set aside to press the complaint home before the ship could clear.
362		359	will not weigh Anchor till more provisions taken in, which I have offered him, tho we can very badly Spare it, and if our fine Ships should miscarry we shall be in a Miserable Condition, when you come to Examine Accounts, I believe you will find this Ship ought to be with you before this Day. David Dunbar Cha Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling At a Consultation held on Tuesday 11. Decbr 1744 at the Castle. Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Charles Hutchinson Lieu Govr Christopher Dixon 3 of Councill John Goodwin 4th Ditto Matthew Purling 5th do The last Consultation was read & approved The Husband, Gunner, and Steward delivered their Several Accounts for the Month of Novr which were Examined and Approved and are as follows, viz:	The Governor's letter to the secret committee concluded. Cranby told the Governor the men would not weigh anchor until more provisions were taken in, which the Governor had provided him, though the fort could very badly spare it. If the Company's own ships should miscarry, the settlement would be in a miserable condition when the committee came to examine the inventories. The Governor believed the committee would find the ship ought to be with them before that day. The letter was signed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. At a consultation held on Tuesday 11 December 1744 at the castle. Present: Governor Colonel David Dunbar, Lieutenant Governor Captain Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon third of council, John Goodwin fourth of council and Matthew Purling fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. The storekeeper, the gunner and the steward delivered their several accounts for the month of November, which were examined and approved as follows. Interpretations The Governor's remark that the fort could very badly spare the provisions it gave the Colchester, and his fear for the settlement's condition if the Company's own ships should miscarry, marks the real cost to the island of victualling a captain who had failed to provide. Setting the drain on the fort's own stores against the possibility of the supply ships failing shows the council weighing its charity to the crew against the island's own security, the provisions pressed on Campbell drawn from a reserve the settlement could ill afford to reduce in a year of war and uncertain supply.
363		360	Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of November 1744 Neat Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hogs, Poultry, Horses Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ewe, Weathen, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewe, Weathen, Kidds, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Boar, Piggs, Boar, Total, Turkies, Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, Geese, Mares, Mares, Total Remaining 1st of November: Bullocks: 19, Cows: 107, Heifers: 16, Steers: 26, Yearlings: 46, Calves: 120, Bulls: 5, Total: 338, Ewe: 86, Weathen: 11, Lambs: 76, Rams: 3, Total: 176, Ewe: 143, Weathen: 40, Kidds: 144, Rams: 1, Total: 328, Sows: 19, Barrows: 0, Boar: 35, Piggs: 100, Boar: 2, Total: 156, Turkies: 71, Fowls: 105, Chickens: 354, Ducks: 37, Geese: 13, Mares: 6, Mares: 8, Total: 14 Encreased in Do: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 0, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 1, Bulls: 0, Total: 4, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 12, Rams: 0, Total: 12, Sows: 0, Barrows: 0, Boar: 0, Piggs: 0, Boar: 0, Total: 0, Turkies: 29, Fowls: 40, Chickens: 76, Ducks: 0, Geese: 0, Mares: 0, Mares: 2, Total: 2 Killed in Do: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 0, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 0, Bulls: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Sows: 0, Barrows: 0, Boar: 0, Piggs: 0, Boar: 0, Total: 0, Turkies: 0, Fowls: 0, Chickens: 0, Ducks: 0, Geese: 0, Mares: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Died in Do: Bullocks: 3, Cows: 1, Heifers: 1, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 1, Bulls: 0, Total: 4, Ewe: 1, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 1, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 2, Rams: 1, Total: 3, Sows: 0, Barrows: 3, Boar: 1, Piggs: 6, Boar: 0, Total: 0, Turkies: 4, Fowls: 9, Chickens: 0, Ducks: 2, Geese: 6, Mares: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Stolen in Do: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 0, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 0, Bulls: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Sows: 0, Barrows: 0, Boar: 0, Piggs: 3, Boar: 0, Total: 3, Turkies: 0, Fowls: 0, Chickens: 0, Ducks: 0, Geese: 0, Mares: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Exchanged for a Large Bear by weight: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 0, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 1, Calves: 2, Bulls: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Sows: 0, Barrows: 0, Boar: 0, Piggs: 0, Boar: 0, Total: 0, Turkies: 0, Fowls: 2, Chickens: 0, Ducks: 0, Geese: 0, Mares: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Subtotal: Bullocks: 16, Cows: 106, Heifers: 14, Steers: 26, Yearlings: 46, Calves: 123, Bulls: 5, Total: 336, Ewe: 86, Weathen: 10, Lambs: 76, Rams: 3, Total: 175, Ewe: 143, Weathen: 38, Kidds: 155, Rams: 1, Total: 337, Sows: 19, Barrows: 0, Boar: 28, Piggs: 93, Boar: 2, Total: 112, Turkies: 45, Fowls: 148, Chickens: 384, Ducks: 0, Geese: 13, Mares: 6, Mares: 10, Total: 16 Exchanged for a Heifer as p Last Months Account: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 1, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 0, Bulls: 0, Total: 1, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Sows: 0, Barrows: 2, Boar: 0, Piggs: 0, Boar: 0, Total: 2, Turkies: 0, Fowls: 0, Chickens: 0, Ducks: 0, Geese: 0, Mares: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Bought: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 0, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 0, Bulls: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Sows: 0, Barrows: 0, Boar: 0, Piggs: 0, Boar: 0, Total: 0, Turkies: 2, Fowls: 0, Chickens: 0, Ducks: 0, Geese: 0, Mares: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Remaining: Bullocks: 17, Cows: 106, Heifers: 14, Steers: 26, Yearlings: 46, Calves: 128, Bulls: 5, Total: 337, Ewe: 86, Weathen: 10, Lambs: 76, Rams: 3, Total: 175, Ewe: 143, Weathen: 38, Kidds: 155, Rams: 1, Total: 337, Sows: 21, Barrows: 0, Boar: 28, Piggs: 93, Boar: 2, Total: 144, Turkies: 95, Fowls: 143, Chickens: 384, Ducks: 0, Geese: 13, Mares: 6, Mares: 10, Total: 16 1 Beef to the Ship Colchester 107 3½ Do Expended 350 Pork Expended 254 one Mangey Goat Killed and Buried one Goat Given to the Sick Blacks Yams Expended 25000 one Black Girl Born named Pat and one Named Mary	An account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other stock for the month of November 1744. Remaining 1 November: bullocks 19, cows 107, heifers 15, steers 26, yearlings 46, calves 120, bulls 5, total neat cattle 358; ewes 86, wethers 11, lambs 76, rams 3, total sheep 176; ewes 143, wethers 40, kids 144, rams 1, total goats 328; sows 19, barrows 0, shoats 35, pigs 100, boars 2, total hogs 156; turkeys 91, fowls 103, chickens 329, ducks 37, geese 13; horses 6, mares 8, total 14 Increased: calves 4, total neat cattle 4; kids 12, total goats 12; turkeys 29, fowls 10, chickens 76 Total: bullocks 19, cows 107, heifers 15, steers 26, yearlings 46, calves 124, bulls 5, total neat cattle 342; ewes 86, wethers 11, lambs 76, rams 3, total sheep 176; ewes 143, wethers 40, kids 136, rams 1, total goats 340; sows 19, barrows 0, shoats 35, pigs 100, boars 2, total hogs 156; turkeys 120, fowls 113, chickens 405, ducks 37, geese 13; horses 6, mares 10, total 16 Killed: cows 3, heifers 1, calves 1, total neat cattle 4; wethers 1, total sheep 1; kids 2, rams 1, total goats 3; pigs 4, total hogs 4; turkeys 9, chickens 15, ducks 14, total 9 Died: calves 1, total neat cattle 2; lambs 1; sows 1, pigs 6, total hogs 7; turkeys 3, chickens 6, total 2 Exchanged for a large boar by weight: shoats 3, total hogs 3 Total: bullocks 16, cows 106, heifers 14, steers 26, yearlings 46, calves 123, bulls 5, total neat cattle 336; ewes 86, wethers 10, lambs 76, rams 3, total sheep 175; ewes 143, wethers 38, kids 155, rams 1, total goats 337; sows 19, barrows 0, shoats 28, pigs 93, boars 2, total hogs 142; turkeys 95, fowls 113, chickens 384, ducks 37, geese 13; horses 6, mares 10, total 16 Exchanged for a heifer, as per last month's account: cows 1 Bought: sows 2, total hogs 2 Remaining: bullocks 17, cows 106, heifers 14, steers 26, yearlings 46, calves 123, bulls 5, total neat cattle 337; ewes 86, wethers 10, lambs 76, rams 3, total sheep 175; ewes 143, wethers 38, kids 155, rams 1, total goats 337; sows 21, barrows 0, shoats 28, pigs 93, boars 2, total hogs 144; turkeys 95, fowls 113, chickens 384, ducks 37, geese 13; horses 6, mares 10, total 16 Beef to the ship Colchester, 107 lb Beef expended, 350 lb Pork expended, 234 lb Yams expended, 25,000 lb One mangy goat killed and buried One goat given to the sick blacks One black girl born named Pat and one named Mary Interpretations The single mangy goat killed and buried this month marks the mange still at work among the stock, the same disease the council had ordered dealt with by killing infected beasts at the consultation of 23 October 1744. Recording that one goat was killed for the mange out of a herd standing at 337 shows the infection touching the Company's own stock only lightly, a single beast destroyed where the council's whole apparatus of viewing the ranges and pounding the goats had been aimed at the diseased herds of the Greentrees and other planters, the general stock kept clear by removing the odd infected animal as it appeared. The beef sent to the Colchester marks the same ship whose captain had quarrelled so bitterly with the Governor over provisions now drawn upon for fresh meat from the island's stock. Setting 107 lb of beef against the Colchester's account shows the settlement victualling even a captain it had reported to the Company for his conduct, the ship provisioned from the plantation's own herds as the Governor had pressed her stores upon her, the island feeding the vessel it could not otherwise control. The two black girls born this month, named Pat and Mary, and entered on the stock account alongside the increase of the cattle and poultry, mark the plain and terrible bookkeeping of a slave establishment. Recording the birth of children among the calves and kids shows the Company reckoning its slaves as stock like any other, the human increase of the plantation set down in the same account and the same manner as the breeding of its animals, the two girls numbered with the beasts as property born to the establishment.
364		361	The Day of the Month Gunners Stores Expended in Novbr 1744 viz: Guns Fired, 1 pd, 4 lbs Pounders, 3 Pounders, 6 Pounders, ½ do, Powder Expended No 1 Powder for Scaling a Gun on the Line Guns Fired: 0, 4 lbs Pounders: 0, 3 Pounders: 0, 6 Pounders: 0, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 9 5 Powder Delivered to Mr Newis Guns Fired: 0, 4 lbs Pounders: 0, 3 Pounders: 0, 6 Pounders: 0, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 7½ 9 An Alarm Guns Fired: 6, 4 lbs Pounders: 2, 3 Pounders: 2, 6 Pounders: 0, ½ do: 2, Powder Expended: 13 Do Arrived the Colchester Capt Campbell Guns Fired: 9, 4 lbs Pounders: 0, 3 Pounders: 0, 6 Pounders: 9, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 9 19 Powder for Government Guns Fired: 0, 4 lbs Pounders: 0, 3 Pounders: 0, 6 Pounders: 0, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 2½ do Powder to Mr Newis Guns Fired: 0, 4 lbs Pounders: 0, 3 Pounders: 0, 6 Pounders: 0, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 9 24 Fired to Salute the Supra Cargoes of the Colchester Guns Fired: 4, 4 lbs Pounders: 0, 3 Pounders: 0, 6 Pounders: 4, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 9 3 Horns of Powder Expended for Pruning Guns Fired: 0, 4 lbs Pounders: 0, 3 Pounders: 0, 6 Pounders: 0, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 9 The Totall Guns Fired: 24, 4 lbs Pounders: 2, 3 Pounders: 2, 6 Pounders: 18, ½ do: 2, Powder Expended: 69½ Paper 25	Gunner's stores expended in November 1744. 1 November: powder for scaling a gun in the line, 0 lb 0 oz 0 quarters 0 lb 9 oz 5 November: powder delivered to Newis, 0 lb 0 oz 0 quarters 0 lb 9 oz 9 November: an alarm, 6 lb 2 oz 2 quarters 2 lb 13 oz 14 November: arrived the Colchester, Captain Campbell, 9 lb 0 oz 0 quarters 9 lb 19 November: powder to the government, 0 lb 0 oz 0 quarters 27 oz Powder to Newis, 0 lb 0 oz 0 quarters 9 oz 29 November: fired to salute the supercargoes of the Colchester, 9 lb 0 oz 0 quarters 9 lb 3 horns of powder expended for priming, 0 lb 0 oz 0 quarters 9 oz Total, 24 lb 2 oz 2 quarters 18 lb 2 oz 59.5 oz Paper, 2 quires Match, 1 Handspikes, 10 Sprung staves, 19 Queens, 15 Budge barrels, 1 Linstocks, 3 Cartridge cases, 4 Ladle, 4 Sheep skins, 1 Hammer heads, 5 Sponge heads, 8 Bolts, 8 Shovels, 3 Signed John French. Interpretations The powder expended in salutes to the arriving Colchester and to her supercargoes marks the ceremony the fort observed toward the shipping even for a ship whose captain gave the council such trouble. Firing the guns to greet the Colchester on 14 November and again to salute her supercargoes shows the settlement keeping up its formal courtesies to the Company's officers regardless of the quarrel with the master, the honour paid to the trade and its men distinct from the dispute with the captain who commanded them. The pointed absence of any departure salute for the Colchester, which the earlier consultation noted sailed on 28 November without saluting the fort, is confirmed by this account, which records powder fired to greet her and to honour her supercargoes but none to see her off. Setting the salutes of her arrival against the silence of her going shows the breach between the ship and the island carried into the very ceremony of the guns, the fort withholding the parting honour from a captain who had himself sailed without the customary salute, the quarrel marked in what powder was and was not spent.
365		362	Sundrys Expended in the Month of November 1744 viz: 61 Bottles Port Wine 4 . 3 . 2¾ 37 Do Lisbon 2 . 10 . 5¾ 1 Bottle Madera 0 . 1 . 6 3 do White Cape 0 . 4 . 1½ 1 do Hard Cape 0 . 1 . 4½ 93½ Galls Arrack 8 . 10 . 4½ 68 Sugar 0 . 14 . 2 28 Do Candy 0 . 9 . 1½ 11 Bottles of Beer 0 . 7 . 8½ 12lb Flower 3 . 0 . 8 71lb Butter 3 . 14 . 0 7lb Cheese 0 . 7 . 0 12 pr Salt Pork 1 . 2 . 0 25 No Fresh Pork 6 . 7 . 5 1 Hogg 0 . 15 . 0 1 Sheep 1 . 0 . 0 1 Goat 0 . 10 . 0 1 Hind 0 . 5 . 0 15 Chickens 0 . 15 . 0 11 Ducks 1 . 1 . 0 3 Turkeys 0 . 15 . 0 350 Fresh Beef 4 . 7 . 6 1 Pepper 0 . 6 . 0 1 Bushell Salt 0 . 5 . 10 1 Gall Florence Oyle 0 . 10 . 0 Sent to the Surveyors in the Country viz: 3 . 6 . 7 . 10 5 Bottles Port Wine 0 . 6 . 9¾ 1 Do Lisbon 0 . 3 . 6¼ 14 Do Mistminck 0 . 8 . 9 £ 37 . 8 . 10½ NB Several Bottles of Wine were sent to the Hospital	Sundries expended in the month of November 1744. 61 bottles port wine, £4 3s 2.5d 37 bottles Lisbon, £2 10s 5.75d 1 bottle Madeira, £0 1s 6d 3 bottles white Cape, £0 4s 1.5d 1 bottle red Cape, £0 1s 4.5d 33.5 gallons arrack, £8 10s 4.75d 68 lb sugar, £0 14s 2d 36 lb candy, £0 9s 1.5d 41 bottles of beer, £0 7s 8.5d 40 lb flour, £3 0s 8d 74 lb butter, £3 14s 0d 7 lb cheese, £0 4s 7d 12 pieces salt pork, £1 2s 4d 251 fresh pork, £6 7s 5d 1 pig, £1 0s 0d 1 sheep, £0 10s 0d 1 goat, £0 5s 0d 1 kid, £0 5s 0d 15 chickens, £0 15s 0d 11 ducks, £1 1s 0d 8 turkeys, £0 15s 0d 350 lb fresh beef, £4 7s 6d 1 lb pepper, £0 0s 6d 1 bushel of salt, £0 5s 10d 1 gallon Florence oil, £0 10s 0d Total, £36 7s 10d Sundries sold to the surveyors in the country. 5 bottles port wine, £0 6s 9.75d 1 bottle Lisbon, £0 3s 5.5d 14 bottles arrack, £0 8s 9d Total, £37 8s 10.5d Several bottles of wine were sent to the hospital. Interpretations The surveyors' consumption in the country was again set apart from the general table, a distinct account of the wine and arrack used on the surveying service, as it had been the month before. Keeping the surveyors' drink separate shows the establishment's steady practice of charging the refreshment of a particular service to that service, the surveying of the Horse Point and the pastures carrying its own reckoning of provisions rather than being lost in the household's general expense. The note that several bottles of wine were sent to the hospital marks the settlement providing wine to its sick as a matter of course, the drink reckoned part of their care. Recording the wine sent to the hospital shows the establishment treating a supply of spirits as a proper charge on the medical stores, the same provision for the sick that ran through the hospital accounts, wine held to be a comfort and a restorative for the men under the surgeon's hands.
366		363	1744 Cash Do Per Contra Cr Novbr 1. To Ballance Remaining 2768 . 18 . 1 To Cash Recd of Thos Jarvis 8 . 0 . 0 6. To Do of Thos Greentree 10 . 0 . 0 To Do of James Greentree 10 . 0 . 0 13 To Do Recd the Balance of D Worralls Acct 77 . 6 . 0 20 To Recd of Capt Hutchinson for self Bills 100 . 0 . 0 23 To Do Recd of Robt Wright 37 . 3 . 6 26 To do Recd the Ballance of Ship Colchester Acct 78 . 14 . 7 To do Recd of N Williamson Mary Esq for a Certificate 10s . 0 . 0 27 To Do Recd for Hay at 2 p C 1 . 0 . 0 £ 3245 . 2 . 1 By Cash pd an Express on an Alarm 5 . 0 . 0 By Do pd Joseph Kendall for Measured all the Compy Pasture 12 . 12 . 0 By do pd three Men for Assisting Mr Kendall 13 days at 1s p day 2 . 5 . 11 By do for Spices for the use of the Doctors Shop 4 . 14 . 0 By Ballance the following Species viz: 1691 Pagodas 760 . 19 . 0 20 Gubbers 60 . 0 . 0 23 Venetians 11 . 10 . 0 ¼ Mordore 0 . 6 . 9 6 Johannes 4 . 1 . 6 ½ Gold Rupee 0 . 13 . 0 1 pr do 46 . 1 . 8½ 4 pr Do 13 . 11 . ½ 7187 Dollars 1786 . 15 . 0 20 Half do 2 . 10 . 0 146 Do Ryalls 12 . 5 . 0 444 Ryalls 29 . 10 . 0 1460 Half Ryalls 22 . 16 . 3 441 French pr 3 . 13 . 6 Odd Money 0 . 8 . 4 Cash Notes 528 . 0 . 0 3225 . 6 . 1 3225 . 6 . 1 £ 3245 . 2 . 1	Cash, in account, 1744. 1 November. Balance remaining, £2,768 18s 1d 5 November. Cash received of Thomas Jarvis, £8 0s 0d 6 November. Cash received of Thomas Greentree, £10 0s 0d Cash received of James Greentree, £10 0s 0d 13 November. Cash received, the balance of Eleanor Worrall's account, £77 6s 0d 20 November. Cash received of Captain Hutchinson for one set of bills, £100 0s 0d 23 November. Cash received of Robert Wright, £37 3s 5d 26 November. Cash received, the balance of the ship Colchester's account, £78 14s 7d Cash received of William May for a certificate, £164 0s 0d 27 November. Cash received for hay at 5s per hundredweight, £1 0s 0d Total, £3,245 2s 1d Per contra. Cash paid an express on an alarm, £0 5s 0d Cash paid Joseph Kendall for measuring all the Company's pastures, £12 12s 0d Cash paid three men for assisting Kendall 13 days at 12d a day, £2 5s 0d Cash paid for spices for the use of the doctor's shop, £4 14s 0d Balance in the following species, £3,225 6s 1d Gold: 1,691 pagodas, £760 19s 0d 20 gubbers, £6 0s 0d 23 venetians, £11 10s 0d 0.25 of a madore, £0 6s 9d 0.5 of a johannes, £4 4s 6d 0.5 of a gold rupee, £0 0s 15d 1 pound of gold, £46 1s 8.5d 4 pieces of gold, £13 11s 7.5d Silver: 7,147 dollars, £1,786 15s 0d 20 half dollars, £2 10s 0d 196 double reals, £12 5s 0d 944 reals, £29 10s 0d 1,460 half reals, £22 16s 3d 441 French pieces, £3 13s 6d Odd money, £0 8s 4d Cash notes, £528 0s 0d Total, £3,225 6s 1d Total, £3,245 2s 1d Interpretations The two Greentrees appear on the receiving side of the cash account, each paying his ten pounds, confirming that the fine imposed at the consultation of 30 October 1744 for their contempt over the mangy goats was in the end collected. Recording the payment of both fines into the Company's cash shows the council's authority made good in the outcome, the heavy penalty it had raised from ten shillings to ten pounds apiece actually recovered, the defiance of the government answered for in full a month after it was punished. The silver reserve rose sharply against the earlier counting, the dollars climbing from 5,287 to 7,147 and lifting the whole specie by near £465, chiefly through the £164 received of William May for a certificate and the balances brought in from the Worrall estate and the Colchester. The great increase in the dollar holding shows the treasury refilling from the several receipts of the month, the same coin that the shipping took now flowing back into the chest, the reserve recovering from the fall of the previous quarter as the estate debts, the ship's balance and the certificate money came in together. The payment to Joseph Kendall for measuring all the Company's pastures, with three men to assist him thirteen days, marks the survey of the fodder ground carried through as the council had ordered. Setting the cost of the whole survey against the cash shows the establishment pressing on with the exact measurement of its pastures about Plantation House and the Horse Point, the same improvement of the hay ground that ran through the works accounts, the land to be laid down for fodder now formally surveyed as a step toward securing the winter feed the stock had so often wanted.
367		364	Mr Dixon and Purling report the Land Petitioned for by Mr John Goodwin Cannot be Prejudicial to the Honble Company, or to any Person, and that it is 1½ morees. We thereupon granted him a Lease for it, at 1 Shilling p Moree, in Consideration of its being Barren and of no use to the Company, nor to Mr Goodwin himself, but as it will Save a Great Length of Fence. David Dunbar Cha Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling At a Court of Quarter Sessions held On Wednesday the 12th Day of December 1744 Colonel David Dunbar Govr and Judge Capt Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling Assistants Richard Traites and Joseph Long & Soldiers belonging to the Garrison, both Natives, who had been Apprehended and Confined Since	Dixon and Purling reported that the land John Goodwin had petitioned for could not be prejudicial to the Company for any reason, and that it was barren. The council therefore granted him a lease of it at one shilling an acre, given that it was barren and of no use to the Company or to Goodwin himself, but that it would save a great length of fence. Signed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. At a court of quarter general gaol delivery held on Wednesday 12 December 1744. Present: Governor Colonel David Dunbar as judge, and Captain Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling as assistants. Richard Traites and Joseph Long, soldiers belonging to the garrison, both natives, who had been apprehended and confined since [...]. Interpretations The grant to Goodwin closed the matter his petition had opened at the consultation of 6 November 1744, the two councillors sent to view the ground now certifying it barren and harmless as he had claimed. Carrying the survey through to the grant shows the council holding a member's own request to the full ordinary process, Goodwin's petition neither passed on his word nor refused, but decided on the report of the two members sent to see the land, the interest of a councillor no cause to shorten the usual course. The land was let to Goodwin at a shilling an acre expressly because it would save a great length of fence, the parcel worth little in itself but valuable in completing the enclosure of his holding. Granting the barren ground at so low a rent for the sake of the fencing shows the council's standing practice of turning waste to use, the parcel that served neither the Company nor Goodwin as land made to earn a small rent and spare a costly length of fence, the fencing of an estate a real consideration on an island where enclosure was hard and dear. The Governor sat as judge with the four councillors as his assistants at the court of general gaol delivery, the same men who governed the island now constituting its criminal court. Setting the executive council as the bench of the court shows the concentration of every kind of authority in the one small body, the government of the island, the granting of its lands and the trial of its offenders all resting in the same few hands, the council passing from a consultation over a lease directly to sitting in judgement on the garrison's men.
368		365	Since the 13th of October for Stealing and Killing Sheep, were tryed in form. Richard Traites pleaded Guilty to the Indictment, but Joseph Long put himself on his Country, and after a full hearing and Examination of Witnesses, the Jury brought him in Guilty of Felony, as in the Indictment, and thereupon Sentence was Pronounced upon them, but with Some small difference, as Long was an old Offender, and found Guilty once before & Punished. Viz: that they should stand in the Pillory with a rope about their Necks 2 hours every thursday Morning for 9 Weeks, whilst the Garrison is under Arms and Exercizing, and then to be whipt on their bare backs, Long 100 Lashes, Each time, and Traites Sixty, the latter Sentence permitted, which moved the Courts Compassion. David Dunbar Cha Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 8. January 1744 at the Castle. Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Lieut Govr Christopher Dixon 3. of Councill John Goodwin 4. of Councill Matthew Purling 5. of Councill	Richard Traites and Joseph Long, apprehended and confined since 15 October for stealing and killing sheep, were tried together. Richard Traites pleaded guilty to the indictment, but Joseph Long put himself on his country, and after a full hearing and examination of witnesses the jury brought him in guilty of felony, as in the indictment. Sentence was then pronounced upon them, but with some small difference, as Long was an old offender and had been found guilty once before and punished. The court ordered that they should stand in the pillory with a rope about their necks two hours every Thursday morning for nine weeks, while the garrison was under arms and exercising, and then be whipped on their bare backs, Long 100 lashes each time and Traites 60, the latter being somewhat less, which showed the court's compassion. Signed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. At a consultation held on Tuesday 8 January 1745 at the castle. Present: Governor Colonel David Dunbar, Lieutenant Governor Captain Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon third of council, John Goodwin fourth of council and Matthew Purling fifth of council. Interpretations The court weighed the two men's punishment by their records, laying the heavier sentence on Long as an old offender who had been convicted and punished once before, while sparing Traites the lesser number of lashes. Graduating the whipping by past conduct, 100 lashes for the repeated offender against 60 for the other, shows the court distinguishing between a first fault and a hardened one, the difference in the sentence marking the settled principle that a man already punished and returning to crime deserved a sharper hand than one who offended for the first time. The staging of the punishment through nine successive Thursdays, the men set in the pillory with ropes about their necks while the garrison was under arms and exercising, marks a penalty designed for its exemplary effect on the whole body of soldiers. Timing the shame and the whipping to the muster, so that the garrison should witness it week after week, shows the court reaching for deterrence as much as retribution, the long-drawn public exposure before the assembled men made the instrument of the sentence, the punishment of the two offenders held up repeatedly as a warning to the rest. The difference of the two sentences, described in the record itself as showing the court's compassion, marks the bench tempering even its severity with a measure of mercy toward the less culpable man. Setting down that the lighter number of lashes for Traites was an act of compassion shows the court conscious of proportioning its punishment to guilt, the mercy shown the first offender recorded as a deliberate softening, the same weighing of fault against circumstance that ran through the council's judgement of Dale in the affair of the Colchester.
369		366	The last Consultation was read and approved The [...]d arrived here on the 28. December, and Sailed for Bencooler & Bantam, left here after the Orders for [...] Capt and Supra Cargoes requested a Certificate from the Surgeon, which are to be forwarded by the Storekeeper, and in the mean time to be taken Care off, and Subsisted as belonging to the Garrison. Ordered the Accountant to Write off bad Hhds of Beer, which are threw over, and unfit for Use. The Governour having Desired some Sacking to be delivered for Bottoms for Soldiers Cotts, Reports that a great many of them have been Hollow, it is therefore Ordered the Remainder to be Surveyed by Some of the Councill, and the Storekeeper. The Visiting of the Goat Ranges having been hitherto Deferd by Sickness of Some of the Gentlemen Planters, who were desired to be present, It is Ordered that a fresh Notice be given them to attend that Service, and that they be particularly desired to give their Opinion about the quantity of young Ebony on the Goat Ranges. This Day the Gunner, Husband, Steward, and Accountant brought in their Novr Recds for the Month of Decr Last, which were Examined, and Approved, and are as follows, viz: Gunners Stores expended in December 1744 Guns Fired, 4 Prs, 6 Prs, 2 do, ½ do, Powder Expended No 15 To the Stone Blaster Guns Fired: 0, 4 Prs: 0, 6 Prs: 0, 2 do: 0, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 0 24 To an Allarm Guns Fired: 0, 4 Prs: 0, 6 Prs: 0, 2 do: 0, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 0 25 To Salute the Oxford Capt Smith Guns Fired: 6, 4 Prs: 2, 6 Prs: 2, 2 do: 0, ½ do: 2, Powder Expended: 1½ 31 To the Stone Blaster Guns Fired: 7, 4 Prs: 0, 6 Prs: 0, 2 do: 7, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 7 To Pruning Guns Fired: 0, 4 Prs: 0, 6 Prs: 0, 2 do: 0, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 9 To Priming and in small cartridges for Funerals Guns Fired: 0, 4 Prs: 0, 6 Prs: 0, 2 do: 0, ½ do: 0, Powder Expended: 12½ Totall Guns Fired: 13, 4 Prs: 2, 6 Prs: 2, 2 do: 7, ½ do: 2, Powder Expended: 30 Handspikes 5 Trucks 16 John French Ironware 6 Match 14 Paper 4 Quire	The last consultation was read and approved. The Oxford arrived on 24 December and sailed for Bencoolen on 3 January, three Bencoolen-bound soldiers being left behind for the passage. The captain and supercargoes asked for a certificate from the surgeon, which was to be forwarded by the store ship, and in the meantime the men were to be taken care of and considered as belonging to the garrison. The council ordered the accountant to write off two hogsheads of beer, which were turned sour and unfit for use. The Governor, having ordered some sacking to be delivered for bottoms for soldiers cots, reported that a great many of them had grown rotten. The council therefore ordered the remainder to be surveyed by some of its members and the storekeeper. The visiting of the goat ranges having been hitherto deferred by the sickness of some of the planters, who had been asked to be present, the council ordered that a fresh notice be given them to attend that service, and that they be particularly asked to give their opinion about the growth of young ebony on the goat ranges. The gunner, the storekeeper, the steward and the accountant brought in their several accounts for the month of December, which were examined and approved as follows. Gunner's stores expended in December 1744. 15 December: to the stone blaster, 0 guns fired 8 oz 24 December: an alarm, 6 lb 2 oz 2 quarters 2 lb 13 oz 25 December: to salute the Oxford, Captain Smith, 7 lb 7 oz 31 December: to the stone blaster, 0 guns 9 oz To priming and in small cartridges for funerals, 0 lb 12 oz Total, 13 lb 2 oz 2 quarters 7 lb 2 oz 59.5 oz Handspikes, 5 Trucks, 10 Ironware, 6 Match, 14 Paper, 4 quires Signed John French. Interpretations The powder issued to the stone blaster marks the fort using gunpowder for the working of stone, the charges set to split rock for the building and repair of the fortifications and their platforms. Recording powder expended twice in the month for blasting shows the establishment turning its magazine to the quarrying that the constant work on the fort's fabric required, the same material that served the guns drawn upon for the heavy labour of cutting the island's rock. The visiting of the goat ranges, deferred once more by the planters' sickness, marks the council's long effort over the mange and the young ebony still hanging fire since the order of 23 October 1744. Renewing the notice to the planters to attend and give their opinion on the growth of ebony shows the board pressing on with a matter it could not readily conclude, the survey of the ranges and the protection of the young timber repeatedly put off by circumstance yet kept alive by fresh direction, the council unwilling to let the question drop for all the delay. The certificate the surgeon was to give the Oxford's captain and supercargoes, to be forwarded by the store ship, marks the settlement providing the documentary proof a homeward or outbound ship required of the health of her men or the state of her affairs. Arranging for the certificate to follow by another vessel shows the practical working of the island as a station on the route, the paper the shipping needed supplied by the settlement's officers and sent on by whatever ship could carry it, the Oxford served in her documents as she was served in her stores.
370		367	Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of Decr 1744 Neat Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hoggs, Poultry, Horses Bullocks, Cows, Heifers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ewe, Weathen, Lambs, Total, Ewe, Weathen, Kidds, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Boar, Piggs, Total, Turkies, Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, Geese, Mares, Total Remaining 1st December: Bullocks: 17, Cows: 106, Heifers: 14, Steers: 26, Yearlings: 46, Calves: 123, Bulls: 5, Total: 337, Ewe: 86, Weathen: 10, Lambs: 76, Total: 175, Ewe: 143, Weathen: 38, Kidds: 155, Rams: 1, Total: 337, Sows: 21, Barrows: 0, Boar: 28, Piggs: 90, Total: 144, Turkies: 95, Fowls: 143, Chickens: 383, Ducks: 23, Geese: 13, Mares: 6, Total: 16 Encreased in Do: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 0, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 4, Bulls: 0, Total: 4, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 13, Rams: 0, Total: 13, Sows: 0, Barrows: 0, Boar: 0, Piggs: 0, Total: 0, Turkies: 16, Fowls: 24, Chickens: 12, Ducks: 26, Geese: 0, Mares: 1, Total: 1 Do: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 0, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 0, Bulls: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Lambs: 0, Total: 0, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 0, Kidds: 0, Rams: 0, Total: 0, Sows: 0, Barrows: 0, Boar: 0, Piggs: 0, Total: 0, Turkies: 0, Fowls: 0, Chickens: 0, Ducks: 0, Geese: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Subtotal: Bullocks: 17, Cows: 106, Heifers: 14, Steers: 26, Yearlings: 46, Calves: 127, Bulls: 5, Total: 341, Ewe: 86, Weathen: 10, Lambs: 76, Total: 175, Ewe: 143, Weathen: 38, Kidds: 170, Rams: 1, Total: 352, Sows: 21, Barrows: 0, Boar: 28, Piggs: 93, Total: 144, Turkies: 111, Fowls: 167, Chickens: 395, Ducks: 49, Geese: 13, Mares: 7, Total: 17 Killed in Ditto: Bullocks: 2, Cows: 1, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 1, Bulls: 0, Total: 4, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 1, Lambs: 1, Total: 1, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 2, Kidds: 0, Rams: 6, Total: 6, Sows: 0, Barrows: 6, Boar: 0, Piggs: 8, Total: 1, Turkies: 1, Fowls: 0, Chickens: 10, Ducks: 9, Geese: 27, Mares: 1, Total: 0 Died in Ditto: Bullocks: 0, Cows: 0, Heifers: 0, Steers: 0, Yearlings: 0, Calves: 1, Bulls: 0, Total: 1, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 1, Lambs: 0, Total: 1, Ewe: 0, Weathen: 1, Kidds: 0, Rams: 1, Total: 1, Sows: 0, Barrows: 1, Boar: 0, Piggs: 6, Total: 0, Turkies: 7, Fowls: 1, Chickens: 1, Ducks: 3, Geese: 0, Mares: 0, Total: 0 Remaining: Bullocks: 15, Cows: 105, Heifers: 14, Steers: 26, Yearlings: 46, Calves: 126, Bulls: 4, Total: 336, Ewe: 86, Weathen: 9, Lambs: 74, Total: 172, Ewe: 143, Weathen: 32, Kidds: 170, Rams: 1, Total: 346, Sows: 20, Barrows: 0, Boar: 20, Piggs: 86, Total: 1, Turkies: 127, Fowls: 111, Chickens: 40, Ducks: 593, Geese: 16, Mares: 13, Total: 7, Horses: 10, Total: 17 Pork Expended 371 Beef Expended 137 Beef to the Ship Oxford 703 Bull Beef to the Blacks 500 one Old Bear Made into Venison Yams Expended 25000	An account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other stock for the month of December 1744. Remaining 1 December: bullocks 17, cows 106, heifers 14, steers 26, yearlings 46, calves 123, bulls 5, total neat cattle 337; ewes 86, wethers 10, lambs 76, rams 3, total sheep 175; ewes 143, wethers 38, kids 155, rams 1, total goats 337; sows 21, barrows 0, shoats 28, pigs 93, boars 2, total hogs 144; turkeys 95, fowls 143, chickens 384, ducks 23, geese 13; horses 6, mares 10, total 16 Increased: calves 4, total neat cattle 4; kids 13, total goats 13; turkeys 10, fowls 24, chickens 12, ducks 26; mares 1, total 1 Total: bullocks 17, cows 106, heifers 14, steers 26, yearlings 46, calves 127, bulls 5, total neat cattle 341; ewes 86, wethers 10, lambs 76, rams 3, total sheep 175; ewes 143, wethers 38, kids 170, rams 1, total goats 352; sows 21, barrows 0, shoats 28, pigs 93, boars 2, total hogs 144; turkeys 111, fowls 167, chickens 396, ducks 49, geese 13; horses 7, mares 10, total 17 Killed: cows 2, heifers 1, calves 1, total neat cattle 4; wethers 1, lambs 1, total sheep 1; kids 2, total goats 6; pigs 8, boars 1, total hogs 10; turkeys 9, chickens 27, ducks 9, total 9 Died: calves 1, total neat cattle 1; lambs 1, total sheep 1; kids 1, total goats 1; pigs 6, total hogs 6; turkeys 7, chickens 1, ducks 3, total 3 Remaining: bullocks 15, cows 105, heifers 14, steers 26, yearlings 46, calves 126, bulls 4, total neat cattle 336; ewes 86, wethers 9, lambs 74, rams 3, total sheep 172; ewes 143, wethers 32, kids 170, rams 1, total goats 346; sows 20, barrows 0, shoats 28, pigs 86, boars 1, total hogs 127; turkeys 101, fowls 140, chickens 393, ducks 40, geese 13; horses 7, mares 10, total 17 Pork expended, 371 lb Beef expended, 157 lb Beef to the ship Oxford, 703 lb Bull beef to the blacks, 500 lb Yams expended, 25,000 lb One old boar made into brawn Interpretations The bull beef issued to the slaves, set apart from the beef expended for the general table and that sent to the Oxford, marks the poorer meat reserved for the slave establishment. Distinguishing the tough beef of a bull as the slaves' portion, distinct from the beef found for the household and the shipping, shows the same grading by rank that ran through the clothing, the bedding and the shoes carried into the very meat, the coarser cut set aside for the labour force while the better served the table and the ships. The old boar made into brawn marks the establishment turning an aged breeding animal past its use to account by preserving its flesh, brawn being the potted and pressed meat made from the head and tough parts of a hog. Converting the worn-out boar into brawn rather than wasting it shows the plantation husbanding its stock to the last, the same practice of using up damaged and spent material that ran through the stores, an old boar too poor for the ordinary table made into a keeping meat rather than lost. The 703 lb of beef sent to the Oxford, by far the heaviest draw on the stock this month, marks the settlement provisioning the newly arrived ship on a large scale for her passage to Bencoolen. Setting so great a quantity of beef against the Oxford's account shows the plantation's herds serving the shipping as a principal charge, the same use of the island's stock to victual the vessels of the road that the Colchester and the Portobello had drawn upon, the Oxford supplied heavily for the long voyage before her.
371		368	Sundry Expended in the Month of Decr 1744 Port Wine 46 Bottles 6 . 6 . 9¾ Lisbon do 38 do 2 2 . 11 . 8¾ White Cape 1 do 0 . 5 . 6 Hrd Do 5 do 0 . 6 . 10½ Beer 29 0 . 7 . 2½ Goa Arrack 31 Galls 3 . 16 . 3¾ Batavia do 22½ do Vinegar 2 Galls 0 . 3 . 10 Oyl 4 Bottles 0 . 10 . 6 Candy 36 0 . 10 . 11¼ Sugar 31 0 . 6 . 5½ First Flower 110 1 . 6 . 9 Second Do 110 . 280 Salt Pork 95 pr 0 . 15 . 9 Salt Beef 44 pr 0 . 11 . 9 Pepper 1 0 . 0 . 6 Salt 1½ Bushells 0 . 8 . 9 Hoggs 371 9 . 5 . 6 Piggs 1 0 . 1 . 6 Fowls 27 1 . 7 . 0 Ducks 9 0 . 9 . 0 Turkeys 9 2 . 3 . 0 Fresh Beef 167 1 . 19 . 3 1 Lamb 0 . 10 . 6 Cheese 6 0 . 0 . 6 Butter 67½ 2 . 17 . 1 1 Sheet 0 . 0 . 0 20 Loaves from the Baker 0 . 12 . 6 £ 40 . 4 . 11	Sundries expended in the month of December 1744. Port wine, 76 bottles, £5 6s 9.5d Lisbon wine, 38 bottles, £2 11s 5.75d White Cape, 4 bottles, £0 5s 6d Red Cape, 6 bottles, £0 6s 10.5d Beer, 39 bottles, £0 7s 2.5d Goa arrack, 31 gallons, £5 15s 3.5d Batavia arrack, 23.5 gallons, £5 15s 3.5d Vinegar, 2 gallons, £0 3s 10d Oil, 4 bottles, £0 10s 0d Candy, 36 lb, £0 10s 11.75d Sugar, 31 lb, £0 6s 5.5d First flour, 140 lb, £1 6s 9d Second flour, 140 lb, £1 6s 9d Salt pork, 9 pieces, £0 13s 9d Salt beef, 4 pieces, £0 11s 9d Pepper, 1 lb, £0 0s 6d Salt, 1.5 bushels, £0 8s 9d Hogs, 8, 371 lb, £9 5s 6d Pigs, 1, £0 0s 6d Fowls, 27, £1 7s 0d Ducks, 9, £0 0s 9d Turkeys, 9, £2 3s 0d Fresh beef, 167 lb, £1 19s 3d 1 lamb, £0 0s 10d Cheese, 6 lb, £0 10s 6d Butter, 67 lb, £2 17s 9d 1 shirt, £0 0s 6d 20 loaves from the baker, £0 12s 6d Total, £40 4s 11d Interpretations The two arracks, the Goa spirit distilled on the Portuguese coast of India and the Batavia spirit from the Dutch settlement in the East Indies, appear together in near equal quantity, marking the range of the East India trade that supplied the island's cellar. Setting the two side by side shows the settlement drawing its spirits from the whole reach of the eastern commerce, the Portuguese and Dutch distillations landed alike from the shipping that made St Helena its calling place on the long route home. The 20 loaves bought from the baker, entered among the household's provisions, mark the establishment buying finished bread from a private baker on the island alongside baking its own from the flour in store. Setting a purchase of ready-made loaves against the account shows the settlement's provisioning not wholly self-contained even in so staple an article, the household drawing on the island's own tradesmen to supplement the fort's baking, the same use of local craft and supply that ran through its dealings.
372		369	List of the Honourable Companys Servants Upon the Island St Helena With their Severall Sallays and Diet Money for the Months of Octobr Novr & December 1744 viz: David Dunbar Esq Govr Sallary Ditto Servants 9. 149 156 . 14 . 9 Charles Hutchinson Lieut Govr 62 . 10 . 0 Christopher Dixon 3 of Councill 20 . 0 . 0 Matthew Purling 4th of Councill 15 . 0 . 0 Edwin Alcock Chaplain Sally 25. 0. 0 Ditto diet Money 15. 0. 0 40 . 0 . 0 Josthua Twynam Factor Sally 7. 10. 0 Ditto Diet Money 4. 11. 3 Ditto House Rent 2. 10. 0 14 . 11 . 3 Francis Wrangham Factor Sally 12. 10. 0 Ditto Diet Money 4. 11. 3 Ditto House Rent 2. 10. 0 19 . 11 . 3 James Powell Writer Sally 5. 0. 0 Ditto Diet Money 4. 11. 3 Ditto House Rent 2. 10. 0 12 . 1 . 3 Joseph Darvall Writer Sally 5. 0. 0 Ditto Diet Money 4. 11. 3 Ditto House Rent 2. 10. 0 12 . 1 . 3 Thomas French Writer Sally 5. 0. 0 Ditto Diet Money 4. 11. 3 Ditto House Rent 2. 10. 0 12 . 1 . 3 Margarett Goodwin 13 . 9 . 0 6 Samuell Falconer Surgeon Sally 9. 15 Ditto House Rent 2. 10. 0 12 . 5 . 11	A list of the Honourable Company's servants upon the island of St Helena, with their several salaries and diet money for the months of October, November and December 1744. David Dunbar, Governor's salary £125, and servants £11 14s 9d, £136 14s 9d Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor, £62 10s 0d Christopher Dixon, third of council, £20 0s 0d Matthew Purling, fifth of council, £15 0s 0d Edwin Alcock, chaplain, salary £25 0s 0d, and diet money £15 0s 0d, £40 0s 0d Joshua Freeman, factor, salary £7 10s 0d, and diet money £4 11s 3d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £14 11s 3d Francis Wrangham, factor, salary £12 10s 0d, and diet money £4 11s 3d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £19 11s 3d James Powell, writer, salary £5 0s 0d, and diet money £4 11s 3d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £12 1s 3d Joseph Darvall, writer, salary £5 0s 0d, and diet money £4 11s 3d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £12 1s 3d Thomas French, writer, salary £5 0s 0d, and diet money £4 11s 3d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £12 1s 3d Margaret Goodwin, £15 0s 0d Samuel Falconer, surgeon, salary £9 15s 0d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £12 5s 0d Interpretations The quarterly roll now names Joshua Freeman as factor in the place Andrew Wrangham had held on the July list recorded earlier in this run, the junior establishment shifting between the quarters. Setting a fresh name in the factor's place shows the ordinary turnover of the Company's servants on the island, the posts of factor and writer filled and refilled as men came and went, the establishment's lower ranks in steadier flux than its settled council. The absence of John Goodwin the accountant from this roll, who stood fourth of council and accountant on the earlier list, marks a change in the board's membership between the quarters. The gap where the fourth of council had drawn his salary and accountant's fee shows the council itself not wholly fixed, the same body that governed the island subject to the coming and going of its members, the roll catching the board a man short of the complement it had carried in the summer. The whole structure of the pay held constant across the change of names, each factor, writer and officer drawing the same salary, diet money and house rent as before. Keeping the rates of each place unchanged while the men who filled them altered shows the establishment's provision fixed to the office rather than the person, the pay of a writer or a factor a settled charge on the Company that a new incumbent simply stepped into, the same reckoning by rank that governed the garrison carried through the civil establishment.
373		370	Brought Over£ W Richard Pickering Surgeon Sally 9. 15 Ditto House Rent 2. 10. 0 12 . 5 . 0 James Dubois Surgts Mate Sally 5. 0. 0 Ditto diet Money 11. 3. 4 Ditto House Rent 2. 10. 0 18 . 15 . 0 John Twaites 7 . 10 . 0 Richard Gurling Overseer 7 . 10 . 0 Richard Findley 7 . 10 . 0 John Leech Sally 4. 7. 9 Ditto Custom Master 1. 5. 0 5 . 12 . 9 John Cross Armourer 10 . 10 . 3¾ John Barton Overseer at the Fortifications 6 . 5 . 0 Wm Hayes Master of Arms 6 . 5 . 0 Richard Beale School Master 3. 8. 3 Ditto Clerk 3. 8. 3 6 . 16 . 6 Nicholas Cleather Amused 7 . 10 . 0 Wm Dowse Gardener 9 . 11 . 3 Robert Maycock Cooper 8 . 15 . 0 Edward Housetow Wheelwright 14 . 10 . 0 Wm Newin Lime Blaster 7 . 10 . 0 First Company viz: John Clark 1st Lieutenant Sally 17. 10. 0 Ditto diet Money 6. 6. 0 24 . 6 . 10½ Daniel Owen 2d Lieut Sally 7. 10. 0 Ditto diet Money 6. 16. 10½ Ditto House Rent 2. 10. 0 16 . 16 . 10½ Wm Hayes Adjutant Sally 10. 0. 0 Ditto diet Money 7. 1. 3 17 . 1 . 3	Brought over. Willoughby Richard Pickering, surgeon, salary £9 15s 0d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £12 5s 0d James Dubois, surgeon's mate, salary £3 0s 0d, and diet money £11 5s 0d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £18 15s 0d John Swaites, £7 10s 0d Richard Girling, overseer, £7 10s 0d Richard Tinsley, overseer, £7 10s 0d John Leech, salary £4 7s 9d, and custom master £1 5s 0d, £5 12s 9d John Cross, armourer, £10 10s 3.75d John Barton, overseer at the fortifications, £6 5s 0d William Hayes, master of arms, £6 5s 0d Richard Beale, schoolmaster £3 8s 3d, and clerk £3 8s 3d, £6 16s 6d Nicholas Cleather, reeve, £7 10s 0d William Dowse, gardener, £9 11s 3d Robert Maycock, cooper, £8 15s 0d Edward Renslow, wheelwright, £12 10s 0d William Newin, lime plaster, £7 10s 0d First company: John Clark, first lieutenant, salary £17 10s 0d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, £24 6s 10.5d Daniel Owen, second lieutenant, salary £7 10s 0d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £16 16s 10.5d William Hayes, adjutant, salary £10 0s 0d, and diet money £7 1s 3d, £17 1s 8d Interpretations The reeve's place has passed from Samuel Doveton, who held it on the earlier list, to Nicholas Cleather, marking the completion of the change the council had set in hand with Doveton's discharge on 22 September 1744 for his false stock returns. Setting Cleather in the office of overseer of the plantation labour and stock shows the board having found a new man for the post it took from Doveton, the same Cleather who appears in the storekeeper's evidence as keeper of the paddy now drawing the reeve's salary, the management of the Company's stock passed into fresh hands after the failure of the old. The three surgeons carried on the roll, Pickering and Dubois here with Falconer on the preceding leaf, mark the settlement keeping a full medical establishment against the sickness that ran through the garrison and the shipping. Retaining a surgeon and a mate on standing pay, with the changes of the autumn quarter now settled into Dubois holding the mate's place below Falconer and Pickering, shows the establishment provisioning its doctoring as a permanent charge, the men who physicked the guard and the crews of the road kept on the books the year round. The overseers Richard Girling and Richard Tinsley drawing their pay beside the reeve mark the layered supervision the Company kept over its plantation labour, more than one man set to oversee the ground and the slaves below the reeve who directed the whole. Retaining several overseers on the roll shows the establishment's dependence on close supervision of its slave labour, the same concern for keeping the slaves to their work that ran through the orders to Doveton carried into a standing staff of overseers to watch the plantation's whole labour force.
374		371	Brought Over £ Serjeants viz: Henry Beale 6 . 14 . 6 Christophorus Beale 6 . 14 . 6 Bartholomew Molloy 6 . 14 . 6 20 . 3 . 6 Corporals viz: John Collins 4 . 7 . 0 Solomon Jacobs 4 . 7 . 9 Daniel Longton 4 . 7 . 9 13 . 3 . 3 Thomas Watts Drummer 4 . 7 . 9 Centinels viz: William Aynzer 3 . 8 . 3 George Bennett 3 . 8 . 3 John Bray 3 . 8 . 3 Ambrose Bland 3 . 8 . 3 John Brown 5 . 8 . 3 Daniel Councill 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Campbell 5 . 8 . 3 Matthew Campbell 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Cope 5 . 8 . 3 Robert Curry 3 . 8 . 3 Samuell Cox 5 . 8 . 3 John Clay 3 . 8 . 3 2 John Dunbar 0 . 0 . 0 Edmund Dunfield 3 . 8 . 3 Peter Descharaux died Decembr 2 . 13 . 1 Wm Davis 3 . 8 . 3	Brought over. Sergeants: Henry Beale, £6 14s 6d Onesiphorus Beale, £6 14s 6d Bartholomew Mallory, £6 14s 6d Total sergeants, £20 3s 6d Corporals: John Collins, £4 7s 9d Solomon Jacobs, £4 7s 9d Daniel Langton, £4 7s 9d Total corporals, £13 3s 3d Thomas Watts, drummer, £4 7s 9d Sentinels: William Aynzer, £3 8s 3d George Bennett, £3 8s 3d John Bray, £3 8s 3d Ambrose Bland, £3 8s 3d John Brown, £3 8s 3d Daniel Councill, £3 8s 3d William Campbell, £3 8s 3d Matthew Campbell, £3 8s 3d Thomas Cape, £3 8s 3d Robert Curry, £3 8s 3d Samuel Cox, £3 8s 3d John Clay, £3 8s 3d John Dunbar, £3 8s 3d Edmund Dunfield, £2 13s 1d Peter Descharaux, died 6 December, £3 8s 3d William Davis, £3 8s 3d Interpretations The sentinels who had entered on 23 September at a fraction of the previous quarter's pay now draw the full £3 8s 3d, the recruits taken on near the September quarter's end now serving a whole quarter and earning the complete rate. Setting the late entrants of the last roll at the full pay of the established men shows the reinforcement now fully absorbed into the garrison, the recruits the Portobello had brought settled onto the strength and drawing as the old hands drew, the swollen garrison now a standing establishment rather than a body freshly enlarged. The reduced pay of Edmund Dunfield, entered at £2 13s 1d against the settled £3 8s 3d of his fellows, marks a deduction against his quarter for absence or some charge laid upon him. Setting his pay below the standard rate where the rest drew the full quarter shows the same close accounting that ran through every roll, no man's pay passed at the settled sum where something fell to be taken off, the establishment reckoning each soldier's due to the exact service or default of the quarter. The death of Peter Descharaux on 6 December, and his being carried on the roll at the full quarter's pay of £3 8s 3d, marks a departure from the usual reckoning to the day of death seen throughout the earlier musters. Paying a dead man the whole quarter rather than to the day he died shows a variation in the roll's ordinary exactness, the establishment on this occasion allowing the full pay despite the death within the quarter, whether by a difference of practice or because the death fell late enough that the whole was let stand.
375		372	Brought over £ William Aynzer 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Fox 3 . 8 . 3 Edward Gill 3 . 8 . 3 Giles Hayes 3 . 8 . 3 Robert Hayes 5 . 8 . 3 Patrick Hamilton 5 . 8 . 3 Daniel Hanchard 5 . 8 . 3 Thomas Hales 5 . 8 . 3 John Jones 5 . 8 . 3 John Jane 5 . 8 . 3 Woolaston Jones 5 . 8 . 3 William Renslow 15 . 8 . 3 Stephen Lufkin 3 . 8 . 3 Thomas Legg 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Lambden 5 . 8 . 3 Joseph Long 3 . 8 . 3 Alexander Lewden 5 . 8 . 3 James Morriseau 6 . 8 . 3 John Morgan Died Decembr 23 3 . 2 . 1¾ Thomas Manning 3 . 8 . 3 Robt Mason 5 . 8 . 3 John Marsh 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Mason 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Newis 3 . 8 . 3 Wm Price 3 . 8 . 3 James Richardson 3 . 8 . 3 James Kenard 3 . 8 . 3 John Spencer 3 . 8 . 3	Brought over. William Aynzer, £3 8s 3d Thomas Fox, £3 8s 3d Edward Gill, £3 8s 3d Giles Hayes, £3 8s 3d Robert Hayes, £3 8s 3d Patrick Hamilton, £3 8s 3d Daniel Hanchard, £3 8s 3d Thomas Hales, £3 8s 3d John Jones, £3 8s 3d John Jane, £3 8s 3d Woolaston Jones, £3 8s 3d William Renslow, £3 8s 3d Stephen Lufkin, £3 8s 3d Thomas Legg, £3 8s 3d William Lambden, £3 8s 3d Joseph Long, £3 8s 3d Alexander Lewden, £3 8s 3d James Morrisseau, £3 8s 3d John Morgan, died 23 December, £3 2s 4.75d Thomas Manning, £3 8s 3d Robert Mason, £3 8s 3d John Marsh, £3 8s 3d William Mason, £3 8s 3d William Newis, £3 8s 3d William Price, £3 8s 3d James Richardson, £3 8s 3d James Renard, £3 8s 3d John Spencer, £3 8s 3d Interpretations The death of John Morgan on 23 December, his pay reckoned to that day at £3 2s 4.75d against the full quarter's £3 8s 3d, marks the roll returning to its ordinary exactness of paying a dead man only to the day he died. Setting his part-quarter's pay against the full rate, in contrast to Peter Descharaux carried at the whole sum on the preceding leaf, shows the usual practice reasserted, the establishment reckoning Morgan's pay to the exact day of his death as it had done through the earlier musters, the variation in Descharaux's case not carried into this one. The late entrants of the previous quarter, William Mason, James Renard and the others taken on at a fraction in September, now stand at the full £3 8s 3d through the whole muster. Carrying the whole body of recruits at the complete rate confirms the reinforcement fully settled onto the strength, the men the shipping had brought to meet the war with France now established soldiers of the garrison drawing as the old hands drew, the enlarged force no longer a matter of fresh entrants but a standing establishment paid alike throughout.
376		373	Brought Over £ John Scotcher 3 . 8 . 3 Henry Seers died Decbr 9th 3 . 8 . 3 James Vaughan 3 . 4 . 3 Peter Wells 3 . 8 . 9 Thomas Watson 5 . 8 . 3 Thomas Wagg 5 . 8 . 3 Wm Yong 5 . 8 . 3 Second Company viz: James Scott 1 Lieutenant Sally 10. 0. 0 Ditto diet Money 6. 16. 10½ do House Rent 2. 10. 0 19 . 16 . 10½ Joseph Kendoll 2d Lieut Sally 7. 10. 0 Ditto diet Money 6. 16. 10½ do House Rent 2. 10. 0 16 . 16 . 10½ Serjeants viz: Edward Bagley 6 . 14 . 6 John French 6 . 14 . 6 Robert Mason Corpll to 10. Novr Incd 2. 12. 4 Ditto Corpll from 11. do Incd 12. 13. 8 5 . 7 . 4¾ 12 . 12 . 2¾ Corporals viz: Gab Isaack 4 . 7 . 9 Daniel Bush 4 . 7 . 9 Henry Higgs Centl to 22. Novr Incd 2. 1. 1½ Do Corpl from 23. do do 1. 13. 6 3 . 16 . 8½ 12 . 12 . 2½ Thomas Landon Drummer 4 . 7 . 9 Centinels viz: Samuell Astwick Serjt to 10. Novr Incd 2. 5. 4 do Centinel from 11. do do 1. 78 5 . 16 . 4¾	Brought over. John Scotcher, £3 8s 3d Henry Seers, died 9 December, £3 8s 3d James Vaughan, £3 8s 3d Peter Wells, £3 8s 3d Thomas Watson, £3 8s 3d Thomas Wagg, £3 8s 3d William Young, £3 8s 3d Second company: James Scott, first lieutenant, salary £10 0s 0d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £19 6s 10.5d Joseph Kendall, second lieutenant, salary £7 10s 0d, and diet money £6 16s 10.5d, and house rent £2 10s 0d, £16 16s 10.5d Sergeants: Edward Bagley, £6 14s 6d John French, £6 14s 6d Robert Mason, corporal to 25 November inclusive £2 12s 10.5d, and sergeant from 26 November £3 7s 4.5d, £6 0s 3d Total sergeants, £12 12s 2.5d Corporals: Gabriel Isaacke, £4 7s 9d Daniel Brush, £4 7s 9d Henry Wise, corporal to 25 November inclusive £2 1s 1.5d, and sentinel from 26 November £1 15s 6.5d, £3 16s 8.5d Total corporals, £12 12s 2.5d Thomas Lewden, drummer, £4 7s 9d Sentinels: Samuel Ashwick, sergeant to 25 November inclusive £2 4s 8.5d, and sentinel from 26 November £1 3s 6.5d, £3 16s 4.75d Interpretations Three men of the second company changed rank within the quarter on the same date, Robert Mason rising from corporal to sergeant, Henry Wise falling from corporal to sentinel and Samuel Ashwick dropping from sergeant to sentinel, all on 26 November. Setting so many changes at one date shows a wholesale reordering of the company's non-commissioned ranks on that day, each man's pay divided at the two rates for the days he held them, the roll following the whole reshuffle to the exact day as it had followed single promotions and reductions before. The death of Henry Seers on 9 December, yet carried at the full quarter's pay of £3 8s 3d, marks another departure from the ordinary reckoning to the day of death, matching Peter Descharaux rather than John Morgan. Setting Seers at the whole sum despite his death within the quarter shows the same variation that appeared in Descharaux's case, the establishment on these occasions allowing the full pay where in Morgan's it reckoned to the day, the practice not uniform across every death on the quarter's rolls. The reordering of the second company's ranks, with a corporal made sergeant, a corporal reduced to sentinel and a sergeant reduced to sentinel all at once, marks a deliberate reshaping of the company's establishment rather than the chance movement of single men. Carrying out so many rank changes on one day shows the officers adjusting the whole non-commissioned strength of the company together, promoting one and reducing two as the company's needs or the men's conduct required, the roll recording a considered rearrangement of the ranks in a single stroke.
377		374	Centinels Brought Over £ Edward Allis 3 8 3 James Allis 3 8 3 Joseph Andrews 3 8 3 George Ayres 3 8 9 Peter Barker 3 8 3 Andrew Barton 3 8 3 Peter Bayley 3 8 3 Joseph Bicknell died Octr 20 11 11¼ John Buck 3 8 3 Anthoy Castol 3 8 3 John Chapman 3 8 3 Nicholas Cass 3 8 3 Thomas Crane 3 8 3 William Dufton 3 8 3 John Downes 3 8 3 Peter Finall 3 8 9 John Fisher 3 8 9 John Fletcher 3 8 3 Levi Freeze 3 8 3 Christopher Garland 3 8 3 Griffith Griffis 3 8 3 John Holloway 3 8 3 John Hayes 3 8 3 James English 3 8 3 Richard Kent 3 8 3 Wm Row died decr 2d 3 8 3 Samuel Kitson 3 8 3 Wm Snoor 3 8 3 James Say 3 8 3 Joseph Sooid 3 8 3 John Mudge discharg'd Decr 6th 2 10 1¼ Centinels Brought Over £ John Nichols 3 8 3 Wm Page 3 8 3 Thomas Parr 3 8 3 John Pope 3 8 3 Stephin Powers 3 8 3 Thomas Ryelands 3 8 3 Wm Scott 3 8 3 John Smith 3 8 3 Richard Smith 3 8 3 Thomas Trigton 3 8 3 Thomas Taylor 3 8 3 Richard Twaites 3 8 3 Wm Twaites 3 8 3 Edward Walker 3 8 3 Stephen Willoughby 3 8 3 Thomas Wright 3 8 3 Third Company Vizt Thomas Lathorpe 1 Lieut Salry 10. Do Diet Money 6.16.10½ Do House Rent 2.10 19 6 10½ John Barton 2 Lieu Salry 7.10 Do Diet Money 6.16.10½ Do House Rent 2.10 16 16 10½ 36 3 9 Serjeants Vizt Thos Baker 6 14 6 Willm Dorrell 6 14 6 John Aldrich 6 14 6 20 3 6	The account continues with the private sentinels of the company, each carried at the uniform rate of 3s 8d unless a death or discharge cut the quarter short. Sentinels Edward Allis, 3s 8d James Allis, 3s 8d Joseph Andrews, 3s 8d George Ayres, 3s 8d Peter Barker, 3s 8d Andrew Barton, 3s 8d Peter Bayley, 3s 8d Joseph Bicknell, died 20 October, £0 14s 11.5d John Burk, 3s 8d Anthony Castle, 3s 8d John Chapman, 3s 8d Nicholas Cope, 3s 8d Thomas Crane, 3s 8d William Duston, 3s 8d John Downes, 3s 8d Peter Finall, 3s 8d John Fisher, 3s 8d John Fletcher, 3s 8d Levi Freeze, 3s 8d Christopher Garland, 3s 8d Griffith Griffis, 3s 8d John Holloway, 3s 8d John Hayes, 3s 8d James English, 3s 8d Richard Kent, 3s 8d William Row, died 22 December, 3s 8d Samuel Watson, 3s 8d William Sensor, 3s 8d James Sarg, 3s 8d Joseph Sword, 3s 8d John Mudge, discharged 6 December, £2 10s 1.5d Interpretations The three men carried at a reduced or part figure mark the quarter cut short by death or discharge rather than the full period of service. Joseph Bicknell drew only £0 14s 11.5d because his death on 20 October ended his pay less than three weeks into the quarter, and John Mudge's £2 10s 1.5d covers his service up to his discharge on 6 December. William Row died on 22 December yet stood at the full 3s 8d, his death falling so near the quarter's close that no deduction was made. These dated part-payments follow the same paymaster's practice seen throughout the roll, pricing each man's entitlement to the day his service began or ended rather than rounding it to the quarter.
378		375	Centinels Brought Over £ John Nichols 3 8 3 Wm Page 3 8 3 Thomas Parr 3 8 3 John Pope 3 8 3 Stephin Powers 3 8 3 Thomas Ryelands 3 8 3 Wm Scott 3 8 3 John Smith 3 8 3 Richard Smith 3 8 3 Thomas Trigton 3 8 3 Thomas Taylor 3 8 3 Richard Twaites 3 8 3 Wm Twaites 3 8 3 Edward Walker 3 8 3 Stephen Willoughby 3 8 3 Thomas Wright 3 8 3 Third Company Vizt Thomas Lathorpe 1 Lieut Salry 10. Do Diet Money 6.16.10½ Do House Rent 2.10 19 6 10½ John Barton 2 Lieu Salry 7.10 Do Diet Money 6.16.10½ Do House Rent 2.10 16 16 10½ 36 3 9 Serjeants Vizt Thos Baker 6 14 6 Willm Dorrell 6 14 6 John Aldrich 6 14 6 20 3 6	John Nichols, 3s 8d. William Page, 3s 8d. Thomas Pain, 3s 8d. John Pope, 3s 8d. Stephen Powers, 3s 8d. Thomas Rowlands, 3s 8d. William Scott, 3s 8d. John Smith, 3s 8d. Richard Smith, 3s 8d. Thomas Stretton, 3s 8d. Thomas Taylor, 3s 8d. Richard Thwaites, 3s 8d. William Thwaites, 3s 8d. Edward Walker, 3s 8d. Stephen Willoughby, 3s 8d. Thomas Wright, 3s 8d. The account then sets out the Third Company, giving each of its two officers a salary, diet money and house rent bracketed to a single total. Third Company Thomas Easthope, first lieutenant, salary £10 0s 0d Thomas Easthope, diet money, £6 16s 10.5d Thomas Easthope, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Easthope, £19 6s 10.5d John Barton, second lieutenant, salary £7 10s 0d John Barton, diet money, £6 16s 10.5d John Barton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Barton, £16 16s 10.5d Combined total for the two officers, £36 3s 9d The sergeants of the company follow, each at the standard rate. Sergeants Thomas Barker, £6 14s 6d William Dorrell, £6 14s 6d John Aldrich, £6 14s 6d Total for the three sergeants, £20 3s 6d Interpretations Diet money and house rent were added only to the commissioned officers, the two lieutenants each drawing £6 16s 10.5d for board and £2 10s 0d for lodging above their salaries, while the sergeants below them received a single bare figure of £6 14s 6d. The pattern holds across every company on the roll, marking the settled distinction between officers whose households the Company maintained and the ranks below, who were paid a flat rate alone.
379		376	Brought over £ Corporals Vizt Bewn Ambrose 4 7 9 Andrew Blinman 4 7 9 Matthew Brightwell 4 7 9 13 3 3 Benjamin Twaits Drummer 4 7 9 Centinels Vizt Willm Ashton died Octr 20 14 11½ Willm Adams 3 8 3 Willm Allis 3 8 3 Henry Barbar 3 8 3 Peter Bath 3 8 3 Willm Barrett 3 8 3 Willm Beckett 3 8 3 John Beale 3 8 3 Willm Bonfield 3 8 3 Willm Brown 3 8 3 Benj Chaplin 3 8 3 Willm Dyo 3 8 3 John Earle 3 8 3 Isaac Evans 3 8 3 John Evans 3 8 3 John Ford 3 8 3 Thomas Fuller 3 8 3 Jeptha Germain 3 8 3 Willm Hastings 3 8 3 Peter Higgins 3 8 3 Phillip Hilliard 3 8 3 Thos Hodges 3 8 3 Isaac Hudson 3 8 3	The Third Company continues with its corporals, one carried at the full rate and the three totalled, followed by the drummer and then the private sentinels. Corporals Bevin Ambrose, £4 7s 9d Andrew Blinman, £4 7s 9d Matthew Brightwell, £4 7s 9d Total for the three corporals, £13 3s 3d Benjamin Thwaites, drummer, £4 7s 9d The private sentinels of the company follow, all at the uniform rate save the one man whose death cut his quarter short. Sentinels William Ashton, died 20 October, £0 14s 11.5d William Adams, 3s 8d William Allis, 3s 8d Henry Barbar, 3s 8d Peter Bath, 3s 8d William Barrett, 3s 8d William Beckett, 3s 8d John Beale, 3s 8d William Benfield, 3s 8d William Brown, 3s 8d Benjamin Chaplin, 3s 8d William Dyer, 3s 8d John Hale, 3s 8d Isaac Evans, 3s 8d John Evans, 3s 8d John Ford, 3s 8d Thomas Fuller, 3s 8d Jeptha Germain, 3s 8d William Hastings, 3s 8d Peter Higgins, 3s 8d Phillip Hilliard, 3s 8d Thomas Hodges, 3s 8d Isaac Hudson, 3s 8d Interpretations William Ashton's reduced figure of £0 14s 11.5d marks his death on 20 October, which ended his pay less than three weeks into the quarter, in contrast to the full 3s 8d carried by every other sentinel who served the whole period. The part-payment follows the paymaster's settled practice of pricing a man's entitlement to the exact day his service ended, seen with Joseph Bicknell in the Second Company on the same date and with the mid-quarter deaths and discharges throughout the roll.
380		377	Brought over £ Brought over Joseph Hunt 3 8 3 Willm Jackson 3 8 3 Evan Jones 3 8 3 Thomas Chendrick 3 8 3 Richard Knight 3 8 3 Thos Lawrence 3 8 3 Abraham Major 3 8 3 James Mazure 3 8 3 Charles Mountague 3 8 3 Patrick Marphy 3 8 3 James Mills 3 8 3 James McLeane 3 8 3 Willm Napper 3 8 3 Thos Oliver 3 8 3 Thos Pain 3 8 3 Lawrence Pelovon 3 8 3 John Spencer 3 8 3 John Simpson 3 8 3 Jos Thomas 3 8 3 John Upton 3 8 3 John Van Orlen 3 8 3 Benj Williams 3 8 3 John Wills 3 8 3 John Woodwise 3 8 3 Jeremiah Wyreth 3 8 3 Fourth Company Vizt John Desfountain 1 Lieut Salry 10. Do Diet Money 6.16.6 Do House Rent 2.10 19 6 10½ Tho Fitzpatrick 2 Lieut Salry 7.10 Do Diet Money 6.16.6 6 House Rent 2.10 16 16 10½ 36 3 9	The Third Company sentinel roll continues, every man at the uniform rate, and the account then opens the Fourth Company with its two officers. Joseph Hunt, 3s 8d William Jackson, 3s 8d Evan Jones, 3s 8d Thomas Hendrick, 3s 8d Richard Knight, 3s 8d Thomas Lawrence, 3s 8d Abraham Major, 3s 8d James Mazure, 3s 8d Charles Mountague, 3s 8d Patrick Murphy, 3s 8d James Mills, 3s 8d James McLeane, 3s 8d William Napper, 3s 8d Thomas Oliver, 3s 8d Thomas Pain, 3s 8d Lawrence Peterson, 3s 8d John Spencer, 3s 8d John Simpson, 3s 8d Joseph Thomas, 3s 8d John Upton, 3s 8d John Van Osten, 3s 8d Benjamin Williams, 3s 8d John Wills, 3s 8d John Woodiwise, 3s 8d Jeremiah Wyvill, 3s 8d The account then sets out the Fourth Company, giving each of its two officers a salary, diet money and house rent bracketed to a single total. Fourth Company John Defountaine, first lieutenant, salary £10 0s 0d John Defountaine, diet money, £6 16s 6d John Defountaine, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Defountaine, £19 6s 10.5d Thomas Kirkpatrick, second lieutenant, salary £7 10s 0d Thomas Kirkpatrick, diet money, £6 16s 6d Thomas Kirkpatrick, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Kirkpatrick, £16 16s 10.5d Combined total for the two officers, £36 3s 9d Interpretations Diet money and house rent again fell only to the two commissioned officers, each drawing £6 16s 6d for board and £2 10s 0d for lodging above his salary, while every sentinel above stood at the flat 3s 8d. The arrangement repeats across all four companies of the roll, marking the fixed separation between the officers whose households the Company kept and the men in the ranks, who drew a single uniform rate.
381		378	Brought over £ Serjeants Vizt Joseph Leighton 6 14 6 Willm Cakman 6 14 6 David Willson 6 14 6 20 3 6 Corporals Vizt Willm Moor 4 7 9 Thos Draper 4 7 9 James Lee Corpl to 2th Novr incl 2..2.7½ Do Corporal from 25 d 1.13.7½ 3 16 3½ 12 11 9½ Willm Ormes Drummer 4 7 9 Centinels Vizt Thomas Alcock 3 8 3 John Bardin 3 8 3 Robert Bishop 3 8 3 William Boult 3 8 3 Thos Borah 3 8 3 John Burgoin 3 8 3 Henry Carter 3 8 3 John Cheeseman 3 8 3 Edward Bullimore 3 8 3 Walter Cox 3 8 3 Michael Cole 3 8 3 Peter Cochley 3 8 3 Phillip Catchpole 3 8 3 John Ellis 3 8 3	Sergeants of the Fourth Company followed, each at the standard rate and the three totalled. Sergeants Joseph Leighton, £6 14s 6d William Oakman, £6 14s 6d David Willson, £6 14s 6d Total for the three sergeants, £20 3s 6d The corporals followed, one man carried at two dated rates across his promotion, with the drummer at the standard rate. Corporals William Moore, £4 7s 9d Thomas Draper, £4 7s 9d James Lee, sentinel to 25 November inclusive, £2 2s 1.5d James Lee, corporal from 26 November, £1 13s 1.5d Total for James Lee, £3 16s 3.5d Total for the corporals, £12 11s 9.5d William Ormes, drummer, £4 7s 9d The private sentinels of the company followed, all at the uniform rate. Sentinels Thomas Alcock, 3s 8d John Barden, 3s 8d Robert Bishop, 3s 8d William Bull, 3s 8d Thomas Borah, 3s 8d John Burgoin, 3s 8d Henry Carter, 3s 8d John Cheeseman, 3s 8d Edward Cullimore, 3s 8d Walter Cox, 3s 8d Michael Cole, 3s 8d Peter Cockley, 3s 8d Phillip Catchpole, 3s 8d John Allis, 3s 8d Interpretations The two dated figures against James Lee record his promotion from sentinel to corporal on 26 November 1744, his old rank paid to 25 November and his new rank from the 26th. The split matches the promotions and reductions dated to that same day throughout the roll, among them Robert Mason's advance to sergeant in the Second Company. Pricing the change to the exact day rather than the quarter's edge was the paymaster's consistent method, and it explains why Lee stands under the corporals at a part-rate while drawing the sentinel's pay for the first three weeks of the period.
382		379	Brought over £ Brought over Samuel Eales 3 8 3 George Eston 3 8 3 Willm Gan 3 8 3 Jonathan Godby 3 8 3 John George 3 8 3 Jonathan Stallam Corporal to 2th Novr 2..14..9¾ Do Centinel from 27 d 1.6.2 4 .. 11¾ James Hall 3 8 3 Willm Hare died decr 19 3 8 [...] James Hendrick 3 8 3 William Hendry 3 8 3 William Kent 3 8 3 John Lewis 3 8 3 John Lowmen 3 8 3 John Mannikey 3 8 3 Abraham Mobis 3 8 3 George Maslen 3 8 3 William Murphy 3 8 3 Moses Mendell 3 8 3 Richard Mason 3 8 3 James Peploe 3 8 3 John Podermarker 3 8 3 Edward Richard 3 8 3 Richard Rashalls 3 8 3 Thomas Robinson 3 8 3 David Roberson 3 8 3 Arnold Salvance 3 8 3	Samuel Yates, 3s 8d George Exton, 3s 8d William Gan, 3s 8d Jonathan Godby, 3s 8d John George, 3s 8d Jonathan Hallam, corporal to 25 November inclusive, £2 14s 9.5d Jonathan Hallam, sentinel from 26 November, £1 6s 2d Total for Jonathan Hallam, £4 0s 11.5d James Hall, 3s 8d William Hare, died 19 December, 3s [...] James Hendrick, 3s 8d William Hendry, 3s 8d William Trent, 3s 8d John Lewis, 3s 8d John Lowman, 3s 8d John Mannikey, 3s 8d Abraham Metra, 3s 8d George Masler, 3s 8d William Murphy, 3s 8d Moses Mendull, 3s 8d Richard Mason, 3s 8d James Peploe, 3s 8d John Rodermarker, 3s 8d Edward Richard, 3s 8d Richard Rashalls, 3s 8d Thomas Robinson, 3s 8d David Robinson, 3s 8d Arnold Lassance, 3s 8d Interpretations The two dated figures against Jonathan Hallam record a reduction from corporal to sentinel on 26 November 1744, his corporal's pay running to 25 November and his sentinel's pay from the 26th. This mirrors the promotions and reductions dated to the same day elsewhere in the roll, among them James Lee's advance to corporal in the Fourth Company and Robert Mason's to sergeant in the Second, each priced to the exact day of the change rather than to the quarter's edge. William Hare, dying on 19 December, still stood at the full quarter's rate, his death falling too near the close of the period for any deduction to be made.
383		380	Brought over £ Brought over Daniel Sergeant 3 8 3 John Taylor 3 8 3 Peter Uxenbrugh 3 8 3 James Vaughn 3 8 3 James Whitehead 3 8 3 Benjamin Williams 3 8 3 Willm Willman 3 8 3 John Walker 3 8 3 Artillery Company Vizt John French Gunr Salry 13l.8.9 Do Diet Money 6.16.10½ Do House Rent 2..10 22 15 7½ Gunners Mates Vizt Willm Chellingworth died Decr 23 1 9 9 Willm Davis 1 17 6 Willm Kennedy 1 17 6 Isaac Leech 1 17 6 Roger Nevenson 1 17 6 Watham Sample 1 17 6 Thos Watts 1 17 6 Robt Wood 1 17 6 Major Jackson 2d Gunr to 23d decr 4..9¾ Do 2d Gunr Mate from 24 d 8.6½ 1 9 3½ 43 1 6¾ Quarter Gunners Vizt John Barnett 4 7 9 Walter Bellew 4 7 9 Carried over 8 15 6	The Fourth Company sentinel roll closes, and the account then opens the Artillery Company with its gunner and the gunner's mates. Daniel Sergeant, 3s 8d John Taylor, 3s 8d Peter Uxenbrugh, 3s 8d James Vaughn, 3s 8d James Whitehead, 3s 8d Benjamin Williams, 3s 8d William Willman, 3s 8d John Walker, 3s 8d The account then sets out the Artillery Company, giving its gunner a salary, diet money and house rent bracketed to a single total. John French, gunner, salary £13 8s 9d. John French, diet money, £6 16s 10.5d. John French, house rent, £2 10s 0d. Total for John French, £22 15s 7.5d. The gunner's mates follow, all at the same rate save the two whose service was cut short by death or a change of post. Gunner's mates William Chillingworth, died 23 December, £4 9s 9d William Davis, £4 17s 6d William Kennedy, £4 17s 6d Isaac Leech, £4 17s 6d Roger Nevenson, £4 17s 6d Nathan Sample, £4 17s 6d Thomas Watts, £4 17s 6d Robert Wood, £4 17s 6d Major Jackson, quarter gunner to 23 December, £4 0s 9.5d Major Jackson, gunner's mate from 24 December, £0 8s 6.5d Total for Major Jackson, £4 9s 3.5d Total for the gunner's mates, £43 1s 6.5d The quarter gunners then begin. Quarter gunners John Barnett, £4 7s 9d Walter Bellew, £4 7s 9d Carried over, £8 15s 6d Interpretations The two dated figures against Major Jackson mark his advance from quarter gunner to gunner's mate on 24 December 1744, his old post paid to 23 December and his new post from the 24th. The change follows the same paymaster's practice of pricing a promotion to the exact day rather than the quarter's edge that governs the roll throughout, though Jackson's fell in late December rather than on the common 26 November date of the infantry companies. William Chillingworth, dying on 23 December, drew £4 9s 9d rather than the full £4 17s 6d of the other mates, his pay stopping at his death near the close of the period.
384		381	Brought over £ Brought over John Notlidge 4 7 9 John Spencer 4 7 9 Thos Fillelloe 4 7 9 Thos Willigham 4 7 9 Ely Leach 4 7 9 James Ruthard Matt to 23 Novr 3..14.9½ Do Quar Gunr from 24 Do 7.11 4 2 8½ 34 16 11½ Mattroses Vizt Edward Arnold 1 1 3 John Arlingdolt 1 1 3 John Brown Centinel to 23 Decr 3..2.9¾ Do Mattross from 24 Do 7.1¼ 3 9 11 John Button 1 1 3 Joseph Boswell 1 1 3 John Buttler 1 1 3 John Bunn 1 1 3 John Branagon 1 1 3 Willm Watermas 1 1 3 Edwd Byfford 1 1 3 Sam Clark 1 1 3 John Christophell 1 1 3 Thos Dent 1 1 3 Anth Day 1 1 3 Adam Philbourn 1 1 3 Humphry Pugh 1 1 3 Thos Pride 1 1 3 John Smith 1 1 3 Willm Turner 1 1 3 John Watkins 1 1 3 80 13 8 Superanuated Vizt Joseph Wheley Serjeant 3 8 3 Willm Burnham Do 3 8 3 Isaac Hugansen Quar Gunr 3 8 3 George Lindsey Drumr 3 8 3 John Knight Centinel 6 .. 7½ 23 1 10½ Francis Kunge Armourer	John Prichard is entered under the quarter gunners at two dated rates, mattross to 23 November and quarter gunner from the 24th. Quarter gunners John Nottidge, £4 7s 9d John Spencer, £4 7s 9d Thomas Sillitoe, £4 7s 9d Thomas Willigham, £4 7s 9d Ely Leech, £4 7s 9d James Prichard, mattross to 23 November inclusive, £3 14s 9.5d James Prichard, quarter gunner from 24 November, £0 7s 11d Total for James Prichard, £4 2s 8.5d Total for the quarter gunners, £34 16s 11.5d The mattrosses follow, all at the same rate save the one man carried across a change of post mid-quarter. Mattrosses Edward Arnold, £4 1s 3d John Arlingstall, £4 1s 3d John Brown, sentinel to 23 December inclusive, £3 2s 9.5d John Brown, mattross from 24 December, £0 7s 1.5d Total for John Brown, £3 9s 11d John Button, £4 1s 3d Joseph Boswell, £4 1s 3d John Buttler, £4 1s 3d John Bunn, £4 1s 3d John Branagen, £4 1s 3d William Baldwin, £4 1s 3d Edward Boyford, £4 1s 3d Samuel Clark, £4 1s 3d John Christophell, £4 1s 3d Thomas Dent, £4 1s 3d Anthony Day, £4 1s 3d Adam Milbourn, £4 1s 3d Humphry Pugh, £4 1s 3d Thomas Pride, £4 1s 3d John Smith, £4 1s 3d William Turner, £4 1s 3d John Watkins, £4 1s 3d Total for the mattrosses, £80 13s 8d The superannuated men then follow, at reduced rates for their former ranks. Superannuated Joseph Whaley, sergeant, 3s 8d William Burnham, sergeant, 3s 8d Isaac Hugarson, quarter gunner, 3s 8d George Lindsey, drummer, 3s 8d Samuel Knipe, sentinel, 3s 8d Francis Funge, armourer, £6 0s 7.5d Total for the superannuated, £23 1s 10.5d Interpretations The two dated figures against John Brown record his move from sentinel to mattross on 24 December 1744, his old post paid to 23 December and his new post from the 24th, the same paymaster's method of pricing a change of post to the exact day seen throughout the roll. Superannuated men were kept on the books at a fixed reduced allowance rather than their old full pay, most at the uniform 3s 8d that also fell to the private sentinels, while Francis Funge the armourer drew £6 0s 7.5d for a trade still turned to some use. Carrying worn-out sergeants, a quarter gunner, a drummer and an armourer on a small pension held the garrison's old servants on the strength without paying them as serving men.
385		382	Dr John To Cash Receiv'd from the Cash Chest 893 17 4 To Ditto received of Thomas Steevens 8 " - To Ditto received of Thomas Greentree 10 " " To Ditto received of James Greentree 10 " " To Ditto received the Ballance of Elenor Newalls Acct 77 6 To Ditto received of Capt Hutchinson for a Bill of Bills 100 To Ditto received of Robert Wright 39 3 5 To Ditto received the Balle of Ship Chichester's Account 78 14 7 To Ditto received of Wm Bray Esqr for a Certificate 164 To Ditto received for 6 Hogs at 5/ 3 To Ditto received of Sr Willm Burling 832 To Ditto received of the Stewards of the Market 20 To Ditto received of Sam Falconer Surgeon in part of his debt to the Honble Company 6 5 To Ditto rec'd of Robt Maycock Cooper in full of his debt to the Honble Company 3 16 8 To Ditto rec'd of Edwd Hewlins Wheelwright in part of his debt to the Honble Company 2 " 4 To Ditto rec'd the Balle of Ship Expedo Account for beef and Anchorage 9 " 9 £1955 3 5¾	This is the debit side of the Company's cash account rendered by a paymaster or storekeeper named John, listing the sums received under his charge for the quarter. Checking the names against the reference confirms Captain Hutchinson, Robert Wright, the Colchester's account under Captain Campbell, William Fry, Matthew Purling, and the market stewards. John, debtor To cash received from the cash chest, £893 17s 4d To cash received of Thomas Trevis, £8 0s 0d To cash received of Thomas Greentree, £10 0s 0d To cash received of James Greentree, £10 0s 0d To cash received for the balance of Eleanor Wormall's account, £77 6s 0d To cash received of Captain Hutchinson for a set of bills, £100 0s 0d To cash received of Robert Wright, £37 3s 5d To cash received for the balance of the ship Colchester's account, £78 14s 7d To cash received of William Fry esquire for a certificate, £164 0s 0d To cash received for the flag of truce, £3 0s 0d To cash received of Matthew Purling, £532 0s 0d To cash received of the stewards of the market, £20 0s 0d To cash received of Samuel Falconer surgeon in part of his debt to the Honourable Company, £6 3s 0d To cash received of Robert Maycock cooper in full of his debt to the Honourable Company, £3 16s 8d To cash received of Edward Whinslow wheelwright in part of his debt to the Honourable Company, £2 0s 0d To cash received for the balance of the ship's provisions account for beef and anchorage, £9 0s 9d Total, £1,955 3s 5.75d Interpretations The Colchester entry ties this account to the crisis of November 1744, when the ship grounded on 10 November and was supplied from the fort's own stores, the £78 14s 7d recovering the balance of what the Company had laid out for her. The flag of truce receipt marks the wartime traffic passing the island, a small sum paid for the use or clearance of a vessel sailing under the protection that a truce flag gave in a time of war with France. The three tradesmen's debts, from the surgeon Falconer, the cooper Maycock and the wheelwright Whinslow, show the Company recovering money owed by its own servants by direct payment into the cash, one settled in full and two in part, while William Fry's £164 for a certificate was the far larger sum a departing officer paid for the paper attesting his accounts clear before he could leave.
386		383	Goodwin Master Contra By Cash Paid the Honble Companys Servants their Sallarys & Stores as p Journal 1701 " ¾ By do Giles Smith for 38½ Bushels of Lime 1 18 6 By do do an Express who bot an Account of two Ships " 2 6 By Do Wm Matthew Purfeing for Stone for the funeral of Mary an Orph of Jno Bradly decd 1 " 8 By Do Do for two Express to Williams " 10 " By Do do Jos Wendall for measurg all the Companys station 12 12 " By Do do three Men for filling Mr Hendall 18 days at ½ day 2 5 " By Do do Spinces for the use of the Doctors Shop 1 14 " By Do Richard Hunt for making Baskets " 17 1 By Do James Greentree for 6 Masters do to Novr 29 7 7 " Do do Ditto a 3 do do By do do John Swaites for 2050 Lemons 2 1 " By do do James Powell for 5 Glazing Windows Chandos house 12 " " By do do Thomas Wales for working in the garden 2 10 " By do do Sr Hardingstall and Roman men 1 10 " By do do Wm Oaks man Carpr for 36 days work at 3d day 5 9 " By do do James Coop for 36 days work at 3d day 3 8 " By do do Ed Powell for making 23 Botts and Slings for the guns " 9 5 By do R Foale for 183 Masters 3 Wall Plates and 14 Ridg Poles and 25 Loads Lathe 14 18 9 By do do Wm Mason Carpr for 2 days work at 2 day 3 " " By do do Thomas Payne & Benj Williams 35 days in sinking a Well at Ruperts 34 foot deep 2 15 " By do do John Hetingstall for cutting 20 Cords of a Simo Wagg a Do at ½ Trips in the Long Wood at 10 each 2 12 " By Do do Wm Comas Tho Deal Jno Branagon Thos Reed & Henry Carter for Working in the Long Wood to Sandy bay for Lime 71 days at ½ day 3 11 " Carried Over £1791 11 2¾	This is the credit side of Governor Goodwin's account with the paymaster, listing the sums he laid out on the Company's behalf for the quarter. Goodwin, by the paymaster By cash paid the Honourable Company's servants towards their salaries and places as per the first column, £1,701 0s 3.5d By cash paid Giles Smith for 38.5 bushels of lime, £1 18s 6d By cash paid an express who brought an account of two ships, £0 2s 6d By cash paid Matthew Purling for stores for the funeral of Mary the wife of John Bradley deceased, £1 0s 8d By cash paid for the express on alarms, £0 10s 0d By cash paid Joseph Kendall for measuring all the Company's lands, £12 12s 0d By cash paid three men for assisting Mr Kendall 16 days at 1s the day, £2 5s 0d By cash paid for spices for the use of the doctor's shop, £4 14s 0d By cash paid Richard Frost for making baskets, £0 17s 4d By cash paid James Greentree for 60 rafters at 1s each, £29, and clay laths at 5s the hundred, £7 7s 0d By cash paid John Swaites for 2,050 lemons, £2 1s 0d By cash paid James Powell for 5 glazed windows and 130 squares of glass, £12 0s 0d By cash paid Thomas Hale for working in the garden, £2 10s 0d By cash paid John Hardingstall and pinnace men, £4 10s 0d By cash paid William Oakman carpenter for 36.5 days work at 3s the day, £5 9s 0d By cash paid James Cox carpenter for 36 days work at 3s the day, £5 8s 0d By cash paid Edward Arnold for making 23 bedsteads and 42 slings for the garrison, £0 9s 5d By cash paid Richard Beale for 183 rafters, 3 wall plates and 14 ridge poles and 35 pairs of laths, £14 18s 9d By cash paid William Mason carpenter for 24 days work at 2s the day, £3 0s 0d By cash paid Thomas Payne and Benjamin Williams 35 days in sinking a well at Rupert's 34 feet deep, £2 15s 0d By cash paid John Arlingstall for cotton, £0 20s, and cotton at 4s, lime bags at 6d each and slings in the Great Wood at 1s each, £2 12s 0d By cash paid William Cummins, Thomas Doubt, John Branagen, Thomas Pride and Henry Carter for working in the long boat to Sandy Bay for lime 71 days at 1s the day, £3 11s 0d Total carried over, £1,791 14s 2.75d Interpretations The great first line, £1,701 for the garrison's salaries, dwarfs every other entry and shows this account to be the paymaster's record of the quarter's pay disbursed against the nominal rolls, the many small sums below it being the incidental works and purchases the Governor authorised on the side. The measuring of all the Company's lands by Joseph Kendall, at £12 12s with three men helping for 16 days, marks a full resurvey of the island's holdings, an unusual and deliberate exercise rather than routine upkeep. The building materials recur throughout, rafters, wall plates, ridge poles, laths, glazed windows and bedsteads, together with a well sunk 34 feet at Rupert's and lime hauled by boat to Sandy Bay, showing the repair of the storehouses, barracks and slaves' houses that Governor Dunbar had found much out of repair on taking charge in March 1744 still in hand at the year's close.
387		384	Brought Over £ 1955 3 5¾ £1955 3 5¾	The debit side of the account carried forward its total unchanged, no further items falling due, and closed at the foot with the same sum. Brought over, £1,955 3s 5.75d Total, £1,955 3s 5.75d
388		385	Brought Over £ 1791 11 2¾ By do do Robt Wood for boiling 36 Cotts a 6d ea " 18 " By Do do do for 7 days work in Rigging the Long Boat " 8 9 By Do do Edward Gill for 4 days work in assisting the Masons and Stone Cutters a 1/3 day 1 8 9 By do Wm Winslow 14 days work at 6d day " 12 " By do Charles Mountague for 11 days at 1/1½ day " 11 " By do do Bar Molley Stone Cutter 72 days at 3/ day in Laying Platforms in James Valley and Ruperts and Cutting Stops for the Castle 10 16 " By do Jno Branagon & John Christoffell Ea 4 days Assisting to Rig the Long Boat at 6d day " 8 " By Do do Walter Castle for Cleaning & Mending the Clock at Plantation House " 9 " By do do Jno Hetingstall & others for Reducing 1600 Cordage Ca 5.6£ 1 " " By do do Jno Eales for 30 days work in Blacking and Pointing the Hall and Stair Case 3 " " By do do Ambro Bland for 18 days in assisting the Stone Cutter " 18 " By do do Wm Kennedy for making Sled Colts &c 2 10 " By do do Arthr Day & Jno Father 70 days each Abraham Morris 91 days at 1/3 day for hoeing 13 3 9 By Do do St Danfield for Grubbing up fern in the Pasture 32 days at 1/2 day 2 12 " By do do Jos Germain for pruning the Young Wood on Horse Pond & Gardening 2 10 " By Do do Isaac Hudson for 63 days at 1/½ day 3 3 " By Do do Jno Watkins for driving the Plough in the Long Wood 63 days at 1/2 day 3 3 " Carried Over £1845 2 5¾	The Governor's credit account continued, carrying its labour and repair charges forward from the previous page. Brought over, £1,791 11s 2.75d By cash paid Robert Wood for bottoming 36 cots at 6d each, £0 18s 0d By cash paid for forty days work in rigging the long boat, £0 8s 9d By cash paid Edward Gill for 9 days work in assisting the masons and stone cutters at 1s 3d the day, £4 8s 9d By cash paid William Winslow 12 days work at 1s the day, £0 12s 0d By cash paid Charles Mountague for 11 days work at 1s the day, £0 11s 0d By cash paid Bartholomew Molloy stone cutter 72 days at 3s the day in laying platforms in James Valley and Rupert's and cutting stones for the castle, £10 16s 0d By cash paid John Branagen and William Christoffell each 4 days assisting to rig the long boat at 1s the day, £0 8s 0d By cash paid Arthur Castle for cleaning and mending the clock at Plantation House, £0 9s 0d By cash paid John Arlingstall and others for reducing 1,600 cordage at 3s the hundred, £4 0s 0d By cash paid Samuel Yates for 30 days work in plastering and painting the hall and staircase, £3 0s 0d By cash paid Ambrose Blann for 18 days in assisting the stone cutter, £0 18s 0d By cash paid William Kennedy for making field cots and other work, £2 10s 0d By cash paid Anthony Day and John Sother 70 days each and Abraham Morris 71 days at 15d the day for hedging, £13 3s 9d By cash paid Samuel Dunfield for grubbing up furze in the pastures 52 days at 12d the day, £2 12s 0d By cash paid Joseph Germain for pruning the young wood on Horse Point and gardening, £2 10s 0d By cash paid Isaac Hudson for 63 days work at 12d the day, £3 3s 0d By cash paid John Watkins for driving the plough in the Great Wood 63 days at 12d the day, £3 3s 0d Total carried over, £1,843 2s 5.75d Interpretations The stonework dominates this run of the account, above all Bartholomew Molloy's 72 days at 3s a day laying platforms in James Valley and Rupert's and cutting stone for the castle, the platforms being the raised gun emplacements of the coastal batteries. The clustered charges for hedging, grubbing up furze, pruning young wood, gardening and driving the plough in the Great Wood set out the ordinary agricultural upkeep of the Company's plantations, the ploughman and hedgers paid at the flat 12d a day that marked common field labour. The cleaning and mending of the clock at Plantation House, a small single charge of 9s, records the sort of skilled incidental repair a remote establishment could not do for itself and had to hire out to whatever hand aboard the shipping or in the garrison could manage it.
389		386	Brought over £ 1955 3 5¾ £1955 3 5¾	The debit side carried its total forward once more with no further items, and closed at the foot with the same figure. Brought over, £1,955 3s 5.75d Total, £1,955 3s 5.75d
390		387	Brought Over £ 1845 2 5¾ By Do do Alexander Luden for 21 days at 1/2 day 1 1 0 By Do do Step Willoughby for 60 batches of Bread 13 Ea 1 17 6 By do do Robert Corry for 6? do 15 Ea 1 18 9 By Do do for Soldiers Labour in working at Ruperts 401 days 1/2 Ea day 23 11 0 By Do do for Blacks Labour at 285 at 1/1½ day as p the Overseers Acct Sworn to 14 5 0 By Cash Pd Thos Dwyer and Daniel Cary on Acct of Substistance and Necessaries 1 1 10½ By Do do Henry Meyer for Carpenters Work done this Quarter 12 10 0 £1901 13 7¾ By Ballance Paid this day 53 9 10 £1955 3 5¾ Danl Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Nixon John Goodwin Burling	The Governor's credit account closed with the last of the labour charges, the two sides balanced, and the account was subscribed by the whole board. Brought over, £1,845 2s 5.75d By cash paid Alexander Suden for 24 days work at 12d the day, £1 4s 0d By cash paid Stephen Willoughby for 60 batches of bread at 13d each, £1 17s 6d By cash paid Robert Curry for 62 batches at 15d each, £1 18s 9d By cash paid for soldiers labour in working at Rupert's 171 days at 12d each, £23 11s 0d By cash paid for blacks labour at 285 days at 12d the day as per the overseer's account sworn to, £14 3s 0d By cash paid Thomas Dwyer and Daniel Cary on account of subsistence and necessaries, £1 4s 10.5d By cash paid Henry Moyce for carpenter's work done this quarter, £12 10s 0d Total, £1,901 13s 7.5d By balance paid this day, £53 9s 10d Total, £1,955 3s 5.75d The account was signed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. Interpretations The balance of £53 9s 10d paid in on the day brought the Governor's disbursements of £1,901 13s 7.5d up to the £1,955 3s 5.75d he had received under the debit account, so that the two sides met exactly and nothing was left standing over. The soldiers labouring at Rupert's for 171 days and the Company's slaves for 285, both at 12d a day, mark the fortification and lime work of the quarter being paid for by the day rather than by any fixed wage, the slaves' portion vouched by the overseer's sworn account as a check on the sum. The two batches of bread, from Willoughby and Curry, priced at 13d and 15d, record the garrison's bread being bought in from private bakers rather than baked on the Company's own account, the difference in rate perhaps marking loaves of different size or a change of price across the quarter.
391		388	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 15th January 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Charles Hutchinson Lt Govr Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4 offsence Matthew Burling 3 The last Consultation was read and approved This Day we Executed the following Leases to Grace Bates and Benjamin Pleagard Vizt Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honourable the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies do hereby give grant sell and to farm let unto Grace Bates All that peice or parcell of Land Containing about one Acre Butting and Bounding East upon wast Land belonging to the Honble Company, West upon Lease Land belonging to the said Grace Bates, North upon the Honble Companys west Land and South upon Freehold Land belonging to Thomas Hayes and every part and parcell thereof and all and Singular the a appurtenances thereunto belonging unto her the said Grace Bates her Heirs Executors Administrators or Assigns from the day of the date of these presents for and during the full term of Twenty one Years from hence next ensuing Upon condition that she the said Grace Bates her Heirs Executors Administrators & Assigns do and shall bear true Faith to our Sovereign Lord King Georg the	A consultation was held at the castle on Tuesday 15 January 1745, present Colonel David Dunbar the Governor, Captain Charles Hutchinson the Lieutenant Governor, Christopher Dixon third of council, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth. The previous consultation was read and approved. The council executed two leases that day, one to Grace Bates and one to Benjamin Pledgard. The first granted to Grace Bates a parcel of about one acre on the island of St Helena. The land was bounded east upon waste land of the Company, west upon leasehold already held by Grace Bates herself, north upon the Company's steel land, and south upon freehold belonging to Thomas Hayes. It was let to her, her heirs, executors, administrators and assigns for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, on condition that she and they bear true faith to the King. Interpretations The lease is one of a pair executed together, both to established tenants rounding out land they already held, Grace Bates taking a fresh acre that adjoined her own leasehold to the west. The twenty-one-year term was the ceiling the Company had by this date fixed on its island grants, the same limit that had made the council defer William Worrall's lease on lives in 1742 for the Company's opinion, and it marks the Company holding its landlord's interest firmly by refusing longer or heritable tenure. The bounding of the plot against the Company's waste to the east and its steel land to the north sets the acre within the Company's own holdings on two sides, so that the grant filled a gap between the tenant's ground and the Company's without alienating any land the Company meant to keep in hand.
392		389	the second his Heirs and Successors and to them the said Honble Company & their Successors and shall duely obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island And upon Condition also that she the said Grace Bates her Heirs, Executors, Administrators or Assigns do and shall at the end or Determination of this present Lease leave Yeild up and Surrender in good Order and repair unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns all the said parcell of Ground with all and Singular the Appurtenances thereunto belonging or appertaining Yeilding and paying therefore Yearly and every Year during the term hereby Granted unto them the said Honble Company, their Successors Agents or Assigns the sum of five Shillings in at or upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Arch Angell Yearly and upon further condition that she the said Grace Bates her Heirs, Executors, or Allowed Assigns shall not sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the leave and consent of the Governour & Council for the time being In Witness whereof we the said Governour and Council have to these presents sett over hands and affixed the Honble Companys Seal in Saint Helena this fifteenth day of January in the yeah of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty four, and the said Grace Bates to the other part hath sett her hand and Seal the day and Year above written David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Burling Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble the	The lease to Grace Bates continued with its covenants and closing. She and her successors were to obey all the laws of the island, and at the end of the term were to yield up the parcel in good order and repair to the Company. She was to pay a yearly rent of 5s at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. A further condition barred her, her heirs, executors or assigns from selling or disposing of the lease or any interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 15 January 1745, and Grace Bates set her hand and seal to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. A second lease then began, granting land on St Helena from the Company. Interpretations The clause forbidding any sale of the lease without the Governor and council's consent gave the Company a standing control over who held its land, so that a tenant could not pass the ground to a stranger the council might think undesirable, the same power the council had used in 1733 when it voided Benjamin Beale's sale to the ill-reputed John Bowers. The rent of 5s at Michaelmas fixed the tenancy in the old English calendar of quarter days, Michaelmas being the usual term for the autumn rent, carried unchanged to an island whose seasons ran the opposite way. The covenant to surrender the land in good repair at the term's end protected the reversion the Company held throughout, ensuring that the value of the ground and anything built on it returned to the landlord rather than being run down over the twenty-one years.
393		390	the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies Do hereby Demise Grant Sell and to farm Sett to Benjamin Pleagard of this Island Planter all that peice or Parcell of Unwind Land Containing Sixteen Acres Commonly called and Known by the Name of Saxtons Ground Scituate and being at the head of woody Ridg and Part of Which Sixteen Acres was formerly in the Possesion of Arthur Bradly of this Island Planter and Eunind Bradly whatnos Wint Vreated upon their Petitions to be Presented and Entred in Consultation of the 8th day of August 1732 Butting and Bounding towards the South upon the said Honourable Companys West Land next to the lands in Possesion of Wm Seale Planter Towards the West upon the Lands in Possesions of Robert boll Planter on Woody Ridge and Towards the East upon the Lands of Jane Wood Serjeant and all Scituated in the East Division of the said Island To have and to hold the hereby demised Parcells of Land and every Part and Parcell thereof together with all and Singular the Wood Water Watercourses Houses Buildings Edifices Sheds Tenaments Yams and Plantations of Yams Fruit trees Ways Fences and all other and Singular the Right Commoditys to them and Each and every of them belonging or Appertaining unto him the said Benjamin Pledgard His Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for and during all the space or Term of Twenty one Years from thence next ensuing Upon Condition that he the said Benjamin Pledgard His Heirs Executors Administrator	This is the second lease read into the consultation, granting Benjamin Pledgard a parcel called Saxton's Ground. The Company granted to Benjamin Pledgard, planter of the island, a parcel of gumwood land of about sixteen acres known as Saxton's Ground, lying at the head of Woody Ridge. Sixteen acres of it had formerly been held by Arthur Bradley, planter, and Edmund Bodley, mattross, whose grants were vacated on their own petitions presented and entered in the consultation of 28 August 1729. The land was bounded south upon the Company, west upon the lands held by William Seale planter, further west upon the lands held by Robert Bell planter on Woody Ridge, and east upon the lands of Isaac Wood sergeant, all lying in the east division of the island. The grant carried the parcel and every part of it, together with all woods, water and watercourses, houses, buildings, sheds, tenements, yam plantations, fruit trees, ways, fences and all other rights and commodities, to Benjamin Pledgard, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, on condition that he and they and the surviving material bind them as the deed set out. Interpretations Saxton's Ground was pieced together from two earlier grants surrendered back to the Company in 1729, Arthur Bradley's and Edmund Bodley's, so the lease re-let as one holding land that had lain in the Company's hand for some fifteen years since those tenants gave it up. The parcel is named gumwood land after the native gumwood tree that once covered the island's ridges, and its bounding on all four sides by other planters' holdings and the Company's own ground shows how closely the cultivated land of the east division was by this date divided up among named tenants. The full recital of houses, sheds, yam plantations, fruit trees and fences carried with the land marks this as an established working plantation rather than bare waste, so that Pledgard took over a going concern with its buildings and standing crops already on it.
394		391	Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall and do bear true Faith to our Sovereign Lord King George the second their Heirs and Successors and to them the said Honble Company and their Successors and shall and duly Obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the Island And Upon Conditions Also that he the said Benjamin Pledgerd His heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall and do from time to time and at all times hereafter during the term of this Present Lease keep up and Maintain in Good Order and Sufficient and Legall Repair all such Buildings, House Edifices Sheds Tenaments Plantations and Fences as now are or hereafter shall be made Built or Erected thereon and shall Moreover Plant keep and Preserve in and upon the said hereby Demised Parcell of Land the Whole Quantity of Wood or as much as it can Conveniently contain And shall Likewise Plant and Preserve Twelve within side and without the Fences of the said Parcells of Land and shall Plant Fruit Trees in such Part thereof Wherein they are most Likely to Grow and as they shall happen to Decay & dye replant Others of the Like sort thereon without or Prejudice nevertheless to any Part of such Lands as shall be sett apart for the sole Purpose of Planting and Raising of Yams Yeilding and Paying thereof Yearly and every Year during the term of this Present Lease unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents and Assigns the sum of five Shillings & Reve in at upon the Feast of St Michael the Arch Angell Yearly and upon further Condition that he the said Benjamin Pledgerd his Heirs Executors or Allowed Assigns Shall not sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave and Consent of the Govr and Council for the time being In Witness Whereof the said Governour and Council	The lease to Benjamin Pledgard continued with its covenants. He and his successors were to bear true faith to King George the second and to the Company, and to obey all the laws of the island. He was further bound throughout the term to keep in good and sufficient repair all the buildings, houses, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards built on the land, and to plant, keep and preserve on the parcel the greatest quantity of wood it could conveniently hold. He was also to plant and preserve furze within and without the fences of the parcel, and to plant fruit trees on whatever part of the ground they were most likely to grow, replacing with others of the like sort any that decayed or died, without prejudice however to any part set apart solely for planting and raising yams. He was to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. A further condition barred him, his heirs, executors or assigns from selling or disposing of the lease or any interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. Interpretations The covenants to plant and preserve wood and furze made the tenant an agent of the island's wood policy, the Company binding him by his lease to grow timber on ground where the native forest had long been stripped, the same concern that ran through its repeated wood surveys of the 1730s. The furze planted within and without the fences served as a stock-proof hedge that also yielded fuel, a practical answer to an island short of both fencing timber and firewood. The rent of 5s an acre, against the flat 5s a year Grace Bates paid for her single acre in the companion lease, shows the Company charging by the acre on a substantial sixteen-acre working plantation while letting a small garden plot at a token yearly sum, the two leases together marking how it graded its rents to the size and value of the holding.
395		392	Council their hands and Affixt the Honble Companys Seale in St Helena aforesaid this fifteenth day of January in the year of our Lord one Thousand Seven hundred and forty four and the said Benjamin Pledgerd to the other Part hath sett his hand and Seale the day and Year above written David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling The Store Keeper this day delivered in an Acct of Goods sold out of the Honble Companys Stores which was Examined and Approved and is as follows Vizt Collection of Goods Sold out of the Honble Companys Stores from 1st October to the 31 December 1744 Vizt Sold to the Planters Vizt Arrack 82¾ Gallons 24 16 6 Sugar & Candy Vizt lb 4..16 Sugar 38 5 [...] 7..3..23 Candy 24 2 7½ 62 7 7½ Bread & Flower Vizt 11..1½..14 Bread 13 11 3 26..1..26 Flower 30 17 11 44 9 2 Teas 5 Cattees " 10 " Soap 33½ 1 10 8½ Carried over £133 14 "	The lease to Benjamin Pledgard closed with its execution. The Company set its hand and seal at St Helena on 15 January 1745, and Pledgard set his hand and seal to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. The storekeeper then delivered an account of goods sold out of the Company's stores, which the council examined and approved. Reading against the September stock and the earlier quarterly accounts, the sugar and candy weights are given as hundredweight, quarters and pounds. Collection of goods sold out of the Company's stores from 1 October to 31 December 1744 Sold to the planters Arrack, 82.5 gallons, £24 16s 6d Sugar and candy 16 hundredweight 1 quarter 16 lb sugar, £38 5s 0d 7 hundredweight 3 quarters 23 lb candy, £24 2s 7.5d Total sugar and candy, £62 7s 7.5d Bread and flour 11 hundredweight 2 quarters 14 lb bread, £13 11s 3d 26 hundredweight 1 quarter 26 lb flour, £30 17s 11d Total bread and flour, £44 9s 2d Tea, 5 catties, £0 10s 0d Soap, 33.5 lb, £1 10s 8.5d Carried over, £133 14s 0d Interpretations The account is the quarterly reckoning of what the Company sold from its warehouse to the island's inhabitants, the same series run through the year, and the goods are the staples the planters could not make for themselves, arrack, sugar, candy, bread, flour, tea and soap, all landed off the East India shipping. The sugar and candy, the two largest lines, were the refined and crystallised grades brought from Bengal or China, candy being sugar boiled to a hard crystal and worth rather more by weight than plain sugar, which the figures bear out at close rates. The tea reckoned in catties, the Chinese unit of about a pound and a third, marks that commodity as coming direct off the China ships in their own measure, a small luxury sold in modest quantity beside the bulk staples.
396		393	Brought over £ 133 14 " Oil Vizt 12¾ Gallons Linseed 3 19 8½ 4½ Gallons Nixure " 19 10 7 Bottles Florence 1 4 6 6 4 ½ Rice 12.2.21 6 13 2 Cordage Vizt 3½..21½ Twice Laid 10 6 9 1..21 Do 3½ ft 1 4 9 11 11 6 Chilloes 2 pcs 1 5 " Long Cloth Vizt 3 pcs Ordinary 6 10 10 1 pc Middling 1 10 10 8 1 8 Cutleryware 1 pr Silver Buckles " 9 1 Ironmongersware Vizt 1 Iron Shovel " 2 3 12 Box Locks with brass plates " 5 2 3 Pad Locks " 11 " 1 Stock Lock " 8 5 4 Plate Bolts " 3 8 1 Iron rimble Lock " 12 6 2 Large Frying pans " 9 8 2 Small Do " 4 8 2 Taylors Thimbles " " 4 2 pr Sheep Sheers " 3 " 3 1 8 Ironmongersware Carried over Carried over £167 18 5¾	The account of goods sold continued, the oil, rice and cordage weights carried in hundredweight, quarters and pounds, and the cloth reckoned by the corge of twenty pieces. Brought over, £133 14s 0d Oil 12.75 gallons linseed, £3 19s 8.5d 4.5 gallons drawn, £0 19s 10d 7 bottles Florence, £1 4s 6d Total oil, £6 4s 0.5d Rice, 12 hundredweight 2 quarters 21 lb, £6 13s 2d Cordage 3 hundredweight 2 quarters 21.5 lb twice-laid, £10 6s 9d 1 quarter 26 lb twice-laid at 3.5d the pound, £1 4s 9d Total cordage, £11 11s 6d Chilloes, quarter of a corge, £1 5s 0d Long cloth 5 pieces ordinary, £6 10s 10d 1 piece middling, £1 10s 10d Total long cloth, £8 1s 8d Cutlery ware, 1 piece silver buckles, £0 9s 1d Ironmongery 1 iron shovel, £0 2s 3d 2 box locks with brass plates, £0 5s 2d 3 pad locks, £0 11s 0d 1 stock lock, £0 8s 5d 4 plate locks, £0 3s 8d 1 iron rimmed lock, £0 12s 6d 2 large frying pans, £0 9s 8d 2 small frying pans, £0 4s 8d 2 tailor's thimbles, £0 0s 4d 2 pairs sheep shears, £0 3s 0d Ironmongery carried over, £3 1s 8d Carried over, £167 18s 5.5d Interpretations The cordage entered as twice-laid was rope of a heavier grade, laid up a second time for extra strength, sold to the planters for the standing work of a farm where hauling and fencing needed durable line. Chilloes and long cloth were plain Indian cottons off the Bengal shipping, chilloes sold by the corge of twenty pieces and long cloth in the ordinary and middling grades, the everyday cloth from which working clothes were made. The run of locks, frying pans, shovels, thimbles and sheep shears sets out the small hardware an island otherwise cut off from a market relied on the Company's warehouse to supply, the sheep shears in particular marking the wool clip that the stock accounts show the island's flocks yielded.
397		394	Brought over £ 167 18 5½ Ironmongersware Carried over£3 1 8 1 Till Lock " 2 11 2 Broad Hoes " 1 10 2 Dutch Rings " " 3 2 Small Gimblets " " 1½ 3 Rag Stones " " 6 3 9 6½ Nails Vizt 28 lb Flooring Brads " 14 " 13 lb 20 Nails " 6 3 8 lb Scupper Nails " 5 4 1 lb 30 Do " " 5 1 6 " Paint Vizt 30 lb White Lead " 11 3 7 lb Blue Smalts " 2 4 40 lb Whiting " 1 " 4½ lb Indico " 10 6 1 5 1 Pallampores 15 Sorted 4 2 10 Thread Vizt 4½ lb W Brown Thread sorted 1 6 1 1 lb Colourd Thread " 4 6½ 1 10 6½ Turnersware 1 Hatchett " 3 3 Descootees Vizt 16 pc Short 9 8 " 1 pc Long 1 3 6 10 11 6 Carried over £190 7 2½	The account of goods sold continued, the ironmongery finished off and further heads of nails, paint, cloth, thread and turnery following. Brought over, £167 18s 5.5d Ironmongery brought over, £3 1s 8d 1 till lock, £0 2s 11d 2 broad hoes, £0 4s 10d 2 Dutch rings, £0 0s 3d 2 small gimlets, £0 0s 1.5d 3 rag stones, £0 0s 6d Total ironmongery, £3 9s 6.5d Nails 28 lb flooring brads, £0 14s 0d 15 lb 20d nails, £0 6s 3d 8 lb scupper nails, £0 5s 4d 1 lb 30d nails, £0 0s 5d Total nails, £1 6s 0d Paint 30 lb white lead, £0 11s 3d 1 lb blue smalt, £0 2s 4d 40 lb whiting, £0 1s 0d 4.5 lb indigo, £0 10s 6d Total paint, £1 5s 1d Pallampores, 15 sorted, £4 2s 10d Thread 4.5 lb white brown thread sorted, £1 6s 4d 1.5 lb coloured thread, £0 4s 6.5d Total thread, £1 10s 6.5d Turnery, 1 hatchet, £0 3s 3d Deosootees 16 pieces short, £9 8s 0d 1 piece long, £1 3s 6d Total deosootees, £10 11s 6d Carried over, £190 7s 2.5d Interpretations Pallampores were painted or printed Indian cotton bed covers, chintz hangings from the Coromandel coast, sold here in fifteen sorted pieces as the costliest single cloth line on the page, a decorative import a step above the plain long cloth. The deosootees were plain coarse Bengal cottons sold by the piece, of the same kind the Company made up into its slaves' annual clothing, the sixteen short and one long piece here going to the planters for the same rough dress. The paint materials, white lead, blue smalt, whiting and indigo, set out the pigments for finishing the woodwork and walls the repair charges elsewhere in the accounts were putting up, smalt being a blue glass ground for colour and whiting the chalk base for whitewash.
398		395	Brought over £ 190 7 2½ Flannell 26½ Yards 1 19 9 Hooks & Lines Vizt 8 gross 1 doz Hooks sorted 3 " 2¾ 9 doz 7 Lines sorted 2 10 10½ 5 Hundred Blue Hooks " 2 1 5 Damaged Lines " 5 10 5 18 11½ Starch 9½ lb " 4 4½ Blanketts 8 Ordinary 3 4 8 Chinaware Vizt 7 Tea potts " 3 6 5 Snechos " 1 4¾ 3 Bowles " 3 9 4 Small Cups " " 5 6 Dishes & Plates blue & White 2 19 6 3 8 8½ Pitch & Tarr Vizt 2 lb Pitch " " 3 40 lb Tarr " 3 10 73 lb Rozin " 12 2 " 16 3 Haberdasheryware Vizt 9 Scanes Mohair " 2 4 8 Do Silk " 4 8 1 doz Breast Mohair Buttons " " 1 5 peice broad Holland Tapes " 4 2 1 peice Narrow Do " " 7½ " 12 1½ Carried over £206 12 1	The account of goods sold continued through further heads of cloth, tackle, household ware and small wares. Brought over, £190 7s 2.5d Flannel, 26.5 yards, £1 19s 9d Hooks and lines 8 gross 1 dozen hooks sorted, £3 0s 2.5d 9 dozen lines sorted, £2 10s 10.5d 5 hundred blue hooks, £0 2s 1d 5 damaged lines, £0 5s 10d Total hooks and lines, £5 18s 11.5d Starch, 7 lb, £0 4s 4.5d Blankets, 8 ordinary, £3 4s 8d Chinaware 7 teapots, £0 3s 6d 5 sneakers, £0 1s 6.5d 3 bowls, £0 3s 9d 4 small cups, £0 0s 5d 6 dishes and plates blue and white, £2 19s 6d Total chinaware, £3 8s 8.5d Pitch and tar 2 pitch, £0 0s 3d 40 lb tar, £0 3s 10d 73 rosin, £0 12s 2d Total pitch and tar, £0 16s 3d Haberdashery 7 skeins mohair, £0 2s 4d 8 skeins silk, £0 4s 8d 1 dozen breast mohair buttons, £0 0s 4d 5 pieces broad Holland tape, £0 1s 2d 1 piece narrow tape, £0 0s 7.5d Total haberdashery, £0 12s 1.5d Carried over, £206 12s 1d Interpretations The fishing tackle, eight gross of hooks with dozens of lines, blue hooks and damaged lines, was among the larger cloth-and-hardware lines on the page, marking how much the island depended on the sea for food and how far its fishermen relied on the Company for their gear. A sneaker in the chinaware list was a small drinking cup or bowl of the sort used for punch, and the blue-and-white dishes and plates were the everyday Chinese export porcelain landed off the China ships. The pitch, tar and rosin were the caulking and preserving stores for the island's boats, the same materials the storekeeper's charge over the pitch and tar casks appears against elsewhere in the year's accounts, sold on to the planters in small quantities for their own craft.
399		396	Brought over £ 206 12 1 Shoes Vizt 3 pr Girls " 8 " 6 pr Boys sorted 1 7 9 1 Girls last " " 6 3 Womens Sorts " 1 7 2 " 10 Twine Vizt 10½ lb Fine Twine " 16 7½ ½ lb Coarse Do " " 6½ " 17 2 Deals 2 half Inch Wainscott Boards " 6 6 Vinegar 2 Gallons " 2 " Tea Kettles 2 sorted 1 13 7 Oars 1..4 ft " 1 8 Glazierware Vizt 2 Glass Crewets " 1 7 28 Wine Glaces " 12 10 3 sqt broken Glass " 8 3 1 2 8 Pewter 1 doz Spoons " 2 11 Hosierware Vizt 1 pr Womens Stockings " 1 5 4 pr Boys Do " 12 4 Canvas 1¾ Yards Prussia Sail Cloth " 17 2 Muslin 1 yd " 2 9½ Broad Cloth Vizt ¾ yd Fine Black " 16 9¾ ¾ yd Coarse Do " 3 9¼ 1 1 10½ Lead 2 lb Sheet " " 6 Total Sold to the Planters £215 19 10¾	The account of goods sold to the planters closed with its last heads of footwear, twine, timber, tackle, glass, hosiery and cloth, and was totalled. Shoes 3 pairs girls, £0 8s 0d 6 pairs boys sorted, £1 7s 9d 1 girls last, £0 0s 6d 5 womens lasts, £0 4s 7d Total shoes, £2 0s 10d Twine 10.5 lb fine twine, £0 16s 7.5d 0.5 lb coarse twine, £0 0s 6.5d Total twine, £0 17s 2d Deals, 2 half-inch wainscot boards, £0 6s 6d Vinegar, 2 gallons, £0 2s 0d Tea kettles, 2 sorted, £1 13s 7d Oars, 1 of 14 feet, £0 4s 8d Glazier ware 2 glass cruets, £0 1s 7d 28 wine glasses, £0 12s 10d 3 square foot crown glass, £0 8s 3d Total glazier ware, £1 2s 8d Pewter, 1 dozen spoons, £0 2s 11d Hosiery 1 pair womens stockings, £0 4s 10d 4 pairs boys stockings, £0 12s 4d Total hosiery, £0 17s 2d Canvas, 1.75 yards Russia sail cloth, £0 2s 9.25d Muslin, 1 piece, £0 15s 1d Broad cloth 0.75 yard fine black, £0 16s 9.25d 0.75 yard coarse black, £0 5s 0.25d Total broad cloth, £1 1s 10.5d Lead, 2 lb sheet, £0 0s 6d Total sold to the planters, £215 19s 10.5d Interpretations The footwear entered by the last rather than the pair, one girls last and five womens lasts, was sold as the wooden foot-shaped forms on which shoes were made and mended, so the island's own cobblers could keep the garrison and inhabitants shod rather than wait on ready-made shoes off the shipping. The single fourteen-foot oar, the Russia sail cloth and the half-inch wainscot deals were the boat and building materials an island without its own timber or canvas drew from the Company's warehouse, Russia sailcloth being the strong flax canvas imported through the Baltic trade. The grand total of £215 19s 10.5d closes the quarter's sales to the inhabitants, a modest sum that measures how narrowly the private economy of the island turned on what the Company chose to land and sell from its stores.
400		397	Sold to the Garrison at 10 pr Cent Arrack 341¾ Gallons 85 8 9 Brandy 2 Gallons " 10 " Sugar Candy Vizt 40 lb..3 Sugar 71 14 4 8..2..24 Candy 22 7 4 97 1 8 Bread & Flower Vizt 24 lb Bread 14 12 " 25..2 lb Flower 20 17 4½ 152...lb Flower baked into Loaves 132 15 7¼ 173 4 11¾ Soap 151½ lb 10 7 3¾ Oil Vizt 34¾ Gallons Linseed 8 11 6½ 5 Gallons Train " 18 1 8 Bottles Florence 1 2 " 10 11 9½ Shoes 93 pr Mens 20 18 6 Blanketts Vizt 9 Ordinary 2 17 4½ 1 Fine " 10 " 3 7 4½ Hooks & Lines Vizt 3 doz 8 Lines sorted 1 3 4½ 7 Lines Damaged " 9 " 6 gross 2 doz Hooks sorted 1 14 7½ 4500 Blue Hooks " 15 " 3 10 9 Shirts 2 Dungree " 4 2 Thread Vizt 8½ lb Colourd Thread 1 1 3½ 6¾ lb Bragan Do sorted 1 18 1½ 1 oz Nuns " 1 4 3 4 8 Carried over £408 18 11½	The account then turned to the goods sold to the garrison, marked up at ten per cent, the sugar, candy, bread and flour reckoned in hundredweight, quarters and pounds. Sold to the garrison at 10 per cent Arrack, 341.5 gallons, £85 8s 9d Brandy, 2 gallons, £0 16s 0d Sugar and candy 40 hundredweight 0 quarters 3 lb sugar, £74 14s 1d 8 hundredweight 2 quarters 24 lb candy, £22 7s 1d Total sugar and candy, £97 1s 8d Bread and flour 24 hundredweight bread, £14 12s 0d 25 hundredweight 2 quarters 6 lb flour, £20 17s 4.5d 152 hundredweight 6 lb flour baked into loaves, £132 15s 7.5d Total bread and flour, £173 4s 11.75d Soap, 151.5 lb, £10 7s 3.75d Oil 34.75 gallons linseed, £8 11s 5.5d 5 gallons drawn, £0 18s 4d 8 bottles Florence, £1 2s 0d Total oil, £10 11s 9.5d Shoes, 93 pairs mens, £20 18s 6d Blankets 9 ordinary, £2 17s 4.5d 1 fine, £0 10s 0d Total blankets, £3 7s 4.5d Hooks and lines 5 dozen 8 lines sorted, £1 3s 1.5d 1 line damaged, £0 7s 0d 6 gross 2 dozen hooks sorted, £1 14s 7.5d 400 blue hooks, £0 15s 0d Total hooks and lines, £3 19s 9d Shirts, 2 dungaree, £0 4s 2d Thread 8.25 lb coloured thread, £1 1s 3.5d 6.75 lb white brown thread sorted, £1 18s 9.5d 4 ounces nuns, £0 4s 4d Total thread, £3 4s 8d Carried over, £408 18s 11.5d Interpretations The garrison's goods were sold at ten per cent above the store price, a standing markup that turned the soldiers' purchases into a modest profit for the Company where the planters' sales elsewhere carried no such surcharge. By far the largest single line is the flour baked into loaves, £132 15s 7.5d against the bread and raw flour together, showing that the garrison drew most of its bread ready-baked from the Company's oven rather than as flour to bake for itself. The soap, oil, shoes, blankets, thread and fishing tackle set out the ordinary issue a soldier needed and had stopped from his pay, the ninety-three pairs of mens shoes in particular marking a clothing account run against the whole garrison in a single quarter.
401		398	Brought over £ 408 18 11½ Cutleryware 5 Wood handle Knives " 2 3½ Ironmongersware Vizt 2 Lopping Axes " 5 4 1 Chisell " 1 " 1 Hamer " " 3½ 1 Jack Plain " 2 1 4 Pad Lock " 2 10 2 Large frying pans " 1 6 5 pr Locks w brass plate " 10 5 2 Do Iron plate " 3 8 3 Till Locks " 1 " 8 Taylors Thimbles " 1 " 1 Plough Plain " 1 6 2 2 7½ Paduay 2 3 9 Long Cloth Vizt 22 yd Ordinary 22 12 10 1 yd Middling " 12 1½ 23 4 11½ Descootees Vizt 8½ pc Short 3 17 2½ 1 pc Long " 18 4 4 15 6½ Canvas Vizt 1 yd Prussia Sail Cloth " 4 8 3½ yd English Canvas " 7 8 " 12 6 Brazierware Vizt 2 pr Candlesticks " 15 " 3 Stills Candlestick " 8 1½ 4 Tea Kettles sorted 2 9 9 1 5 8 1 Copper Boiling Pott 4 18 6½ Carried over £446 19 2	The account of goods sold to the garrison continued through the hardware, cloth and metal ware. Brought over, £408 18s 11.5d Cutlery ware, 5 wood-handled knives, £0 2s 3.5d Ironmongery 2 lopping axes, £0 5s 4d 1 chisel, £0 1s 0d 1 firmer, £0 0s 3.5d 1 jack plane, £0 2s 1d 4 pad locks, £0 2s 10d 2 large frying pans, £0 7s 6d 5 box locks with brass plates, £0 10s 5d 2 box locks with iron plates, £0 3s 8d 3 till locks, £0 7s 0d 8 tailor's thimbles, £0 1s 0d 1 plough plain, £0 1s 6d Total ironmongery, £2 2s 7.5d Paddy, £2 3s 9d Long cloth 22 pieces ordinary, £22 12s 10d 0.5 piece middling, £0 12s 1.5d Total long cloth, £23 4s 11.5d Deosootees 8.5 pieces short, £3 17s 2.5d 1 piece long, £0 18s 4d Total deosootees, £4 15s 6.5d Canvas 1 yard Russia sail cloth, £0 4s 8d 5.5 yards English canvas, £0 7s 8d Total canvas, £0 12s 6d Braziers ware 2 pairs candlesticks, £0 15s 0d 3 flat candlesticks, £0 8s 1.5d 4 tea kettles sorted, £2 9s 9d 1 copper boiling pot, £1 5s 8d Total braziers ware, £4 18s 6.5d Carried over, £446 19s 2d Interpretations The paddy entered among the garrison's goods was unhusked rice, sold in the grain as fodder or for pounding, a bulk staple off the Bengal shipping distinct from the cleaned rice sold elsewhere in the account. The plough plain and jack plane, firmer and chisel among the ironmongery were the carpenter's and joiner's edge tools an island otherwise cut off had to draw from the Company's warehouse to keep its buildings and boats in repair, a firmer being a general-purpose bench chisel. The braziers ware, candlesticks, tea kettles and a copper boiling pot, was the wrought copper and brass household ware from which a soldier's mess was equipped, the copper pot in particular being the vessel in which the garrison's rations were boiled.
402		399	Brought over £ 446 19 2 Chinaware Vizt 7 Tea potts " 2 11 18 Bowles " 16 6 61 Snechos " 15 3 6 Cups and Saucers " " 9 4 Dishes & Plates blue & White 1 10 " 3 5 5 Candles 90 3 3 4 Salt ¾ Bushell " 4 10½ Haberdasheryware Vizt 1 pc Carnation Tape " " 5½ 1 Hundred Needles " " 7 8½ doz blue Mohair Buttons " 2 1½ 5 doz best Do " 2 8½ 12 doz Gilt boat Do 1 11 " 23 lb Mohair " 5 9 30 Do Silk 1 2 11 10½ Yards Gauloring " 1 9 3 10 3½ Twine Vizt 10 lb Fine " 12 6 2 Coarse " 1 8 " 14 2½ Chelloe 3 peices 1 9 6 Glazierware Vizt 14 Wine Glases " 5 3 4 Tumblers or Wine & Water Glases " 2 10 2 Crewets " 1 6¾ 10 Square Glass 8 by 10 " 4 2 " 13 9¾½ Pallampores 13 Sorted 2 17 5 Iron Potts 2 Small " 8 8 Carried over £463 6 7½	The account of goods sold to the garrison continued through the household ware, small wares and glass. Brought over, £446 19s 2d Chinaware 7 teapots, £0 2s 11d 18 bowls, £0 16s 6d 61 sneakers, £0 15s 3d 6 cups and saucers, £0 0s 9d 4 dishes and plates blue and white, £1 10s 0d Total chinaware, £3 5s 5d Candles, 40 lb, £3 3s 4d Salt, 0.75 bushel, £0 4s 10.5d Haberdashery 1 piece carnation tape, £0 0s 6.5d 1 hundred needles, £0 0s 9d 8.5 dozen blue mohair buttons, £0 2s 1.5d 5 dozen coat buttons, £0 2s 8.5d 12 dozen gilt coat buttons, £1 14s 0d 23 skeins mohair, £0 5s 9d 50 skeins silk, £1 2s 11d 10.5 yards gartering, £0 1s 9d Total haberdashery, £3 10s 3.5d Twine 10 lb fine, £0 12s 6d 2 lb coarse, £0 1s 8d Total twine, £0 14s 2d Chilloes, 3 pieces, £1 9s 6d Glazier ware 14 wine glasses, £0 5s 3d 4 tumblers or wine and water glasses, £0 2s 10d 2 cruets, £0 1s 6.5d 10 squares glass 8 by 10, £0 4s 2d Total glazier ware, £0 13s 9.5d Pallampores, 13 sorted, £2 17s 5d Iron pots, 2 small, £0 8s 8d Carried over, £463 6s 9.5d Interpretations The gilt coat buttons at £1 14s, dearer than every other line of small ware on the page, mark the metal-trimmed buttons that finished a good coat, sold to the garrison in far greater quantity than the plain blue mohair sort a working man would use. The gartering was the woven tape that held up stockings, and the mohair and silk skeins the sewing thread for making and mending the soldiers' own clothes, the whole haberdashery head setting out the materials a garrison had to keep itself dressed with. The window glass in ten-by-eight-inch squares was the standard small pane of the period, sold by the square for glazing the barracks and storehouses that the year's repair charges show being put back in order.
403		400	Brought over £ 463 6 7½ Pitch and Tarr Vizt 9 lb Tarr " " 9¼ 1½ lb Pitch " " 3½ 7 lb Rozin " " 10½ " 1 8¾ Starch Vizt 1 lb Starch " 1 10 2 lb Hair Powder " 1 3 " 3 1 Coales 2 Bushells " 2 1 Lead 8 " 1 6 Tinware 8 Lanthorne Leaves " 1 " Flannell 16½ Yards " 19 11½ Paint 3½ Indico " 6 10½ Twinersware Vizt 13 Wood Bowles " 8 8 1 Ladles " " 7 3 Platters " 2 " 3 Hair Brooms " 1 7½ 4 Mops " 5 " 1 Cloth Brush " 1 2½ Nails ½ Scupper Nails 1 2 3 Tea 29 Cattees " " 3 Pewter 2½ doz Spoons 2 5 11 Broad Cloth 5 Yards fine Black " 5 10 Muslin 5 peices 1 8 1 Vinegar 4¾ Gallons 2 19 7½ Beef & Pork Vizt 118 lb 24 Pork " 2 8½ 11 15 5 1 pc Beef " 3 3 Rice 16 lb 4 11 18 8 Pease 6 Bushells & 3 Pecks 6 1 10½ 2 14 2¾ Total Sold to the Garrison £497 2 3½	Brought over £463 6s 7.5d Pitch and tar 9 lb tar, £0 0s 9d 1.5 lb pitch, £0 0s 3.5d 7 lb rosin, £0 0s 10.5d Total pitch and tar, £0 1s 8.75d Starch 1 lb starch, £0 1s 10d 2 lb hair powder, £0 1s 3d Total starch, £0 3s 1d Coals, 2 bushels, £0 2s 1d Lead, 8, £0 1s 6d Tinware, 8 lanthorn leaves, £0 1s 0d Flannel, 16.5 yards, £0 19s 11.5d Paint, 3.5 indigo, £0 6s 10.5d Turnery 13 wood bowls, £0 8s 8d 1 ladles, £0 0s 7d 3 platters, £0 2s 0d 3 hair brooms, £0 1s 7.5d 4 mops, £0 5s 0d 1 cloth brush, £0 1s 2.5d Nails, 0.5 scupper nails, £1 2s 3d Tea, 29 catties, £0 0s 3d Pewter, 2.5 dozen spoons, £2 5s 11d Broad cloth, 5 yards fine black, £0 5s 10d Muslin, 5 pieces, £1 8s 1d Vinegar, 4.75 gallons, £2 19s 7.5d Beef and pork 118 lb 24 pork, £0 2s 8.5d £11 15s 5d 1 piece beef, £0 3s 3d Rice, 16 lb 4, £11 18s 8d Pease, 6 bushels and 3 pecks, £6 1s 10.5d £2 14s 2.75d Total sold to the garrison, £497 2s 3.5d
404		401	Sold to the Companys Shipping Vizt Oars 6..16 feet 1 9 6 Turnersware 2 Mops " 3 2 Trice 2 pr Do 1 1 " Ironware Vizt 3 Pad Locks " 11 " 3 Chissells " 1 " Nails Vizt 48 lb Spike Nails " 18 " 8 lb Scupper Do " 5 4 18 lb 20d Do " 7 6 38 lb 10d Do " 15 10 2 6 8 Deals Vizt 10 feet Riga Timber " 14 2 30 Doub Deals 5 5 " 5 19 2 Bunting 12 Yards Narrow Red " 12 3 Cordage Vizt 1..1..19 Cordage 11 5 11½ 2..3..16 Twice Laid 7 17 " 19 2 11½ Blocks 1 Topsail sheet " 1 3 Glassware 6 sqr Crown Glass " 16 10 Canvas Vizt 10½ yd Prussia Sail Cloth " 15 9 1¾ Sacking 1 4 " 1 19 9 Pease 30 Bushells 16 5 " Flower 7 lb 12 8 5 10 Tarr 3..2..14 1 17 3½ Paint 10 lb Red Lead " 2 1 Descooties 1½ Long 1 3 6 Iron 28 lb " 14 1 Total Sold to the Companys Ships £62 18 4	The account then turned to goods sold to the Company's shipping, the timber, cordage and provisions the ships took on at the island, closing with the total. Sold to the Company's shipping Oars, 6 of 16 feet, £1 9s 6d Turnery, 2 mops, £0 3s 2d Rice, 2 hundredweight, £1 1s 0d Ironware 3 pad locks, £0 11s 0d 3 chisels, £0 1s 0d Total ironware, £0 15s 0d Nails 48 lb spike nails, £0 18s 0d 8 lb scupper nails, £0 5s 4d 18 lb 20d nails, £0 7s 6d 38 lb 40d nails, £0 15s 10d Total nails, £2 6s 8d Deals 10 feet Riga timber, £0 14s 2d 30 double deals, £5 5s 0d Total deals, £5 19s 2d Bunting, 12 yards narrow red, £0 12s 3d Cordage 4 hundredweight 1 quarter 19 lb cordage, £11 5s 11.5d 2 hundredweight 3 quarters 6 lb twice-laid, £7 17s 0d Total cordage, £19 2s 11.5d Blocks, 1 topsail sheet, £0 4s 3d Glassware, 6 squares crown glass, £0 16s 10d Canvas 10.5 yards Russia sail cloth, £0 15s 9d 1 piece sacking, £1 4s 0d Total canvas, £1 19s 9d Pease, 30 bushels, £16 5s 0d Flour, 7 hundredweight 0 quarters 12 lb, £8 5s 10d Tar, 3 hundredweight 2 quarters 14 lb, £1 17s 3.5d Paint, 10 lb red lead, £0 2s 1d Deosootees, 1 piece long, £1 3s 6d Iron, 2 hundredweight 25 lb, £0 14s 1d Total sold to the Company's shipping, £62 18s 4d Interpretations The goods sold to the shipping are chiefly the stores a ship spent on a long voyage and replaced at a victualling port, the cordage, sailcloth, spike nails, deals and Riga timber for repairing hull and rigging, and the pease and flour for the crew's mess. The Riga timber and double deals were the Baltic softwoods the Company shipped east for shipwright's work, sold on here to vessels needing to make good storm damage before the run home. The topsail sheet block and the twice-laid cordage in particular mark the running gear a ship replaced as it wore, so that the island's warehouse served the passing fleet as a chandler's store as much as it supplied the garrison and planters ashore.
405		402	Charges General Dr to Sundry Accounts for the following Stores Used from the 1st October to the 31 December 1744 Vizt Deals Vizt 158 Deals for a new Stair Case and other repairs within the Castle 19 15 " 1 foot Oak Timber for a batten Wheel " 1 2 2 Spares for a barr for the Session House " 4 5 20 " 7 Paint Vizt 9 lb Whiteing " 1 4 68 lb White Lead for painting rooms in the Castle & Chn " 18 2¾ 17½ lb Red Do " 1 1 6 lb Yellow Oaker " 2 3 4 lb Indico for 2 pr for Linnen " 6 8 4 lb Red Oaker for marking Companys Sheep " " 10 1 10 4½ Oil Vizt 4½ Galld Train for the House use and for the Cordage reduced into Small yarn " 14 7 7½ Galld Linsed for painting a room & Stair case in the Castle 1 14 2¾ 1 Bottle Florence for Cleaning Arms " 2 6 2 11 3½ Nails Vizt 48 lb 20d Nails " 14 " 84 lb Flooring Broads for the new Stair Case and Spares within the Castle 1 9 5 11 lb 4d Nails " 1 4½ 1½ lb Glazing Broads " 1 6¾ 3 lb 30d Nails " " 10½ 15 lb Spikes for the Harrow " 12 3¾ 3 2 8 Tarr 3 lb..6 for Tanning the Marks & for the Cordage reduced into Small Ropes 1 3 5 Carried over £28 8 4	The account then turned to the general charges, the stores drawn from the warehouse for the Company's own use and repairs rather than sold, reckoned for the same quarter. General charges, debtor to sundry accounts for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1744 Deals 158 deals for a new staircase and other repairs within the castle, £19 15s 0d 1 foot oak timber for a butler wheel, £0 1s 2d 2 spars for a bar for the sessions house, £0 4s 5d Total deals, £20 0s 7d Paint 93 lb whiting, £0 1s 4d 68 lb white lead, £0 18s 2.5d 1.5 lb red lead, £0 1s 1d 6 lb yellow ochre, £0 2s 3d 4 lb indigo, £0 6s 8d 1 lb red ochre for marking the Company's sheep, £0 0s 10d Total paint, £1 10s 4.5d Oil 1.75 gallons drawn for the house use and for the cordage reduced into small ropes, £0 14s 7d 9.5 gallons linseed for painting a room and staircase in the castle, £1 14s 2.75d 1 bottle Florence for cleaning arms, £0 2s 6d Total oil, £2 11s 3.75d Nails 18 lb 20d nails, £0 14s 0d 84 lb flooring brads, £1 9s 5d 11 lb 4d nails, £0 4s 4.5d 1.5 lb glazing brads, £0 1s 6.75d 3 lb 30d nails, £0 0s 10.5d 16 lb spikes for the harrow, £0 12s 5.5d Total nails, £3 2s 8d Tar, 3 hundredweight 0 quarters 6 lb for tarring the masts and for the cordage reduced into small ropes, £1 3s 5d Carried over, £28 8s 4d Interpretations These are the stores the Company drew for its own works rather than sold for cash, the same materials as in the sale accounts but charged against the island's repair and running heads, the largest being 158 deals for a new staircase and other repairs within the castle. The single pound of red ochre bought to mark the Company's sheep records the ear or fleece marking by which the island's flocks were told from the planters', the same private cattle-marks that ran through the year's stock disputes now applied to the Company's own animals. The paint, oil, whiting and glazing brads for painting a room and staircase in the castle set out the finishing of the very rooms the deals and nails were rebuilding, so the general charges catch the same repair of the castle running through both the labour account and the stores in a single quarter.
406		403	Brought over £ 28 8 4 Cordage 8¼ for a Bell Rope " 4 6½ Chinaware Vizt 16 Dishes for Gold for the Table 56 Plates Do 3 " " 4 Snechos " " 10 3 " 10 Bunting 2 yards white for Strainer " 1 " Glassware Vizt 28 Wine Glasses " 16 " 9 Wine & Water Glasses for the Table " 2 6 2 Beer Glasses " 1 5 " 19 11 Ironmongersware Vizt 2 Chisells for the Carpenters " 1 10 1 Gouge " " 2¾ 1 Trowell for the Masons " 1 " 1 Joyners Hatchet " 2 " 1 Iron rimd Lock for a Cellar door in ye Castle " 6 ½ 1 Iron Shovel " 1 7 6 Stone Wedges for the Stone Blocker " 4 " " 16 8½ Turnersware Vizt 2 Paint Brushes " " 8 2 Tubmens Yoaks for Carrying Water " 2 2 2 Mops for the House use " 2 3 2 Hair Brooms " 2 7 1 Scrubbing Brush " 1 4 " 9 2½ Brandy 2 Gallons for Spirits " 7 10 Arrack 2 Gallons " 4 1 1 12 6 Soap 52 lb for Linnen Carried over £36 4 10½	The general charges continued through the household ware and stores drawn for the Company's own use. Brought over, £28 8s 4d Cordage, 8.75 for a bell rope, £0 4s 6.75d Chinaware 16 dishes coloured and gold, for the table, £3 0s 0d 56 plates coloured and gold, for the table, £3 0s 0d 4 sneakers, £0 0s 10d Total chinaware, £3 0s 10.75d Bunting, 2 yards white for strainers, £0 1s 0d Glassware 24 wine glasses, for the table, £0 16s 0d 4 wine and water glasses, for the table, £0 2s 6d 2 beer glasses, for the table, £0 1s 5d Total glassware, £0 19s 11d Ironmongery 2 chisels, for the carpenters, £0 1s 10d 1 gouge, for the carpenters, £0 0s 2.5d 1 trowel, for the masons, £0 1s 0d 1 joiners hatchet, £0 2s 0d 1 iron rimmed lock for a cellar door in the castle, £0 6s 0.5d 1 iron shovel, for the stone blaster, £0 1s 7d 6 stone wedges, for the stone blaster, £0 4s 0d Total ironmongery, £0 16s 8.5d Turnery 2 paint brushes, £0 0s 8d 2 submens gawkies for carrying water, £0 2s 2d 2 mops, for the house use, £0 2s 3d 2 hair brooms, for the house use, £0 2s 7d 1 scrubbing brush, for the house use, £0 1s 4d Total turnery, £0 9s 2d Brandy, 2 gallons, for spirits, £0 7s 10d Arrack, 2 gallons, for spirits, £0 4s 1d Soap, 52 for linen, £1 12s 6d Carried over, £36 4s 10.5d Interpretations The chinaware, glassware and table plate entered here for the table were the furnishings of the Governor's own household at the castle, the coloured-and-gilt dishes and plates and the wine, water and beer glasses marking the establishment the Company maintained for its chief officer rather than any article of trade. The carpenter's chisels and gouge, the mason's trowel and the stone blaster's shovel and wedges set out the tools issued to the tradesmen and slaves at work on the castle repairs, a stone blaster being the man who broke rock with powder for the building stone. The bell rope and the white bunting for strainers, the soap for linen and the spirits drawn as brandy and arrack fill out the ordinary running stores of the establishment, the small unregarded charges of keeping the Company's house and works supplied through a quarter.
407		404	Brought over £ 36 4 10½ Cutleryware Vizt 3 Wood handle knives " 1 3 1 Cleaver for the Kitchen " 2 8 " 3 11 Canvas Vizt 1 yard English " 1 2½ 4 yd Sacking for Lime Baggs 3 1 8 3 5 10½ Twine 2 lb for making Lime baggs " 2 3 Iron 38 lb for Smiths " 1 9¾ Haberdasheryware 3½ lb bcst Tape for tying Broom " 3 2¼ Starch 2 lb for Linnen " " 10 Candles 157 lb for the Table & for the Council 11 2 5 Total £31 8 2½ Diet Expences Dr for the following Stores used for the use of the General Table from the 1st October to the 31st December 1744 Vizt Arrack 160½ Gallons 16 1 8½ Sugar & Candy Vizt 140 lb Sugar 1 6 5½ 118 lb Candy 1 17 2½ 3 3 8½ Bread & Flower Vizt 8 lb 15 Flower 6 16 2½ 2..2..9 Do Baked into Loaves 2 1 6 8 17 7½ Salt 6 Bushells 1 13 " Oil 12 Bottles Florence 1 10 " Vinegar 6 Gallons " 6 6 Brandy 5 Gallons " 19 7 Carried over £33 " 1	The general charges finished with their last stores and were totalled, and the account then turned to the diet expenses of the general table. Cutlery ware 3 wood-handled knives, for the kitchen, £0 1s 3d 1 cleaver, for the kitchen, £0 2s 8d Total cutlery ware, £0 3s 11d Canvas 1 yard English, £0 1s 2.5d 4 pieces sacking for lime bags, £3 4s 8d Total canvas, £3 5s 10.5d Twine, 2 for making lime bags, £0 2s 3d Iron, 38 lb for smiths, £0 4s 9.5d Haberdashery, 36 pieces coloured tape for tying brawn, £0 3s 2.5d Starch, 2 lb for linen, £0 0s 10d Candles, 157 lb for the table and for the council, £11 2s 5d Total, £31 8s 2.5d The account then set out the diet expenses of the general table, the provisions drawn from the stores to feed the establishment for the quarter. Diet expenses, debtor for the following stores issued for the use of the general table from 1 October to 31 December 1744 Arrack, 160.5 gallons, £16 7s 8.5d Sugar and candy 140 lb sugar, £1 6s 5.5d 118 lb candy, £1 17s 2.5d Total sugar and candy, £3 3s 8.5d Bread and flour 8 hundredweight 1 quarter 10 lb flour, £6 16s 2.5d 2 hundredweight 2 quarters 9 lb flour baked into loaves, £2 1s 6d Total bread and flour, £8 17s 7.5d Salt, 6 bushels, £1 15s 0d Oil, 12 bottles Florence, £1 10s 0d Vinegar, 6 gallons, £0 6s 6d Brandy, 9 gallons, £0 19s 7d Carried over, £33 0s 1d Interpretations The coloured tape bought for tying brawn marks the potting of meat for keeping, brawn being boiled and pressed pork or beef bound in cloth, a means of preserving the general table's provision against the season. The candles at £11 2s 5d, much the largest single line of the general charges, were drawn for the table and the council alike, lighting both the Governor's household and the board's own meetings through the shortening days of the southern spring. The diet account that follows sets out the raw provisions issued to feed the establishment, the arrack and brandy for the table's drink, the flour baked into bread and the sugar, candy, salt, oil and vinegar for its cookery, a quarterly reckoning of what it cost the Company to keep its own people fed.
408		405	Brought over £ 33 " 1 Beef & Pork Vizt 10 lb Beef 1 9 1½ 48 lb Pork 1 10 " 5 19 1½ Pease 1 Bushell " 7 8¼ Total £39 7 1¾ Fortification Dr to Sundry Accounts for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31 December 1744 Vizt Hooks & Lines Vizt 2 Hambro Lines for the Lime kiln " 1 8 6 Lines No 6 for Slings to Powder Horns " 2 8 " 4 4 Ironware Vizt 2 Trowells for the Masons " 2 " 2 Iron Shovells for the Lime kiln " 3 2 1 Pad Lock for the Gunners Store Room " 2 7 " 7 9½ Nails 1 lb Glazing Broads " 1 ½ Paint Vizt 6 lb Whiteing " 1 2 6 lb White Lead for the Gun Carriages " 1 8½ " 2 8¾ Oil 8½ Gallons Linseed for the Gun Carriages 1 17 6½ Cordage 6 lb " 19 2½ Total £3 12 7¼ Blacks Dr to Sundry Accounts for the following Stores Issued for their use from the 1st October to the 31 December 1744 Vizt Tea 27 Cattees 1 10 4½ Brandy 20½ Gallons for Drams 4 " 11¼ Carried over £5 11 3¾	The diet expenses finished with their last provisions and were totalled, and the account then set out the fortification and blacks charges for the quarter. Beef and pork 10 pieces beef, £1 9s 1.5d 18 pieces pork, £1 10s 0d Total beef and pork, £5 19s 1.5d Pease, 1 bushel, £0 7s 8.5d Total diet expenses, £39 7s 1.5d The account then set out the fortification charges, the stores drawn for the works and the gunnery. Fortification, debtor to sundry accounts for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1744 Hooks and lines 2 flambeau lines for the lime kiln, £0 1s 8d 6 lines number 6 for slings to powder horns, £0 2s 8d Total hooks and lines, £0 4s 4d Ironware 2 trowels for the masons, £0 2s 0d 2 iron shovels for the lime kiln, £0 3s 2d 1 pad lock for the gunners store room, £0 2s 7d Total ironware, £0 7s 9.5d Nails, 1 lb glazing brads, £0 1s 2.5d Paint 65 lb whiting, £0 1s 2d 6 lb white lead, for the gun carriage, £0 1s 6.5d Total paint, £0 2s 8.5d Oil, 8.5 gallons linseed for the gun carriage, £1 17s 6.5d Cordage, 65, £0 19s 2.5d Total fortification, £3 12s 7.5d The account then set out the charges for the Company's slaves, the stores drawn for their use. Blacks, debtor to sundry accounts for the following stores issued for their use from 1 October to 31 December 1744 Tea, 29 catties, £1 10s 4.5d Brandy, 20.5 gallons for drams, £4 0s 11d Carried over, £5 11s 3.5d Interpretations The paint, linseed oil and white lead drawn for the gun carriage mark the routine preservation of the battery ordnance, wooden gun carriages needing regular painting against the salt air that rotted them at an exposed coastal fort. The flambeau lines for the lime kiln and the iron shovels and trowels set out the burning of lime, the kiln turning coral and limestone into the mortar that the year's building and fortification work consumed in quantity. The tea and brandy issued to the Company's slaves, the brandy expressly for drams, record the small allowances of drink given to the labour force, a dram being the measure of spirits served to men at heavy work such as the lime-burning and fortification hauling that the same accounts charge for.
409		406	Brought over £ 5 11 3¾ Long Cloth Vizt 25½ yd Ordinary 2 11 1 1 yd Middling 1 2 " 3 13 1 Descooties 1½ pc for Womens Shifts 1 13 " Chelloes 1 pc for Clothing " 8 11 Thread 3½ lb Brown for making their Shifts &c " 11 11½ Alle jars 12 lb for making Grease for the Women 9 1 " Blankets 1 Ordinary for an Old man called Jeffrey " 5 9½ Shoes 12½ pr for the Handicraftsmen 2 9 6 Flannell 5 Yards for a Dress for a Man in a Battins " 5 5 Arrack 20¼ Gallons 2 2 6 Sugar 85 lb given to em as Custom at Xmas 1 5 2 Beef & Pork 107 lb Pork 38 3 1½ Rice 41..4 14 15 9¾ Total £77 6 10 Plantation Dr to Sundry Accounts for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31 December 1744 Vizt Ironware Vizt 7 Sythe Stones " " 10¾ 6 Ragg Stones " " 6½ 6 Sythes 1 13 " 1 pr Garden Sheers for ye Gardener " 2 7 2 Pad Locks for two Sidelocks for Poultry " 5 2 2 2 2¼ Cordage 17½ " 5 1 Twinersware 10 Ax Bowsers for Oxen " 6 ½ Nails 4 lb Glazing Broads for making Gates " 3 2¼ Rice & Paddy Vizt 2..lb Rice " 14 5 20..1..7 Paddy 6 12 ½ 7 6 5½ Total £10 3 2¾	The blacks account continued through the clothing and provisions issued to the Company's slaves, and was totalled, followed by the plantation charges. Brought over, £5 11s 3.5d Long cloth 23 pieces ordinary, £2 11s 1d 1 piece middling, £1 2s 0d Total long cloth, £3 13s 4d Deosootees, 1 piece for womens shifts, £1 13s 0d Chilloes, 1 piece for clothing, £0 8s 11d Thread, 3.5 lb white brown for making their shifts and other, £0 11s 11.5d Allejars, 12 pieces for making gowns for the women, £9 1s 0d Blankets, 1 ordinary for an old man called Jeffrey, £0 5s 9.5d Shoes, 12 pairs for the handicraftsmen, £2 9s 6d Flannel, 5 yards for a dress for a man in a salivation, £0 5s 5d Arrack, 20.75 gallons, given to them as customary at Christmas, £2 2s 6d Sugar, 83 lb, given to them as customary at Christmas, £0 5s 2d Beef and pork, 107 pieces pork, £38 3s 1.5d Rice, 41 hundredweight, £14 15s 9.5d Total blacks, £77 6s 10d The account then set out the plantation charges, the stores drawn for the Company's plantations. Plantation, debtor to sundry accounts for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1744 Ironware 9 scythe stones, £0 0s 10.5d 6 rag stones, £0 0s 6.5d 6 scythes, £1 13s 0d 1 pair garden shears for the gardener, £0 2s 7d 2 pad locks for two houses for the poultry, £0 5s 2d Total ironware, £2 2s 2.5d Cordage, 17.5, £0 5s 4d Turnery, 10 ox bowls for oxen, £0 6s 0.5d Nails, 9 lb flooring brads for making gates, £0 3s 2.5d Rice and paddy 2 hundredweight rice, £0 14s 5d 20 hundredweight 1 quarter 9 lb paddy, £6 12s 0.5d Total rice and paddy, £7 6s 5.5d Total plantation, £10 3s 2.5d Interpretations The allejars, striped or checked Indian cottons, at £9 1s were much the largest clothing line, bought expressly for making gowns for the women slaves, while the deosootees went to their shifts and the long cloth to the general issue, the whole marking the annual clothing of the Company's slaves that fell due each year. The flannel drawn for a dress for a man in a salivation records a slave under mercury treatment, salivation being the profuse flow of saliva that a mercury cure deliberately induced, so the entry catches the garrison surgeon dosing a sick slave by the harsh medicine of the day. The arrack and sugar given as customary at Christmas mark a settled festival allowance to the slaves, a small yearly indulgence the Company kept up as usage even while it clothed and fed them at the barest rate the accounts elsewhere show.
410		407	Hospital Dr to Sundry Accounts for the following Stores Issued for the use of the Infirmary from the 1st October to the 31 December 1744 Vizt Rice 7 lb..14 2 11 5½ Sugar 24 lb 2 5 7½ Flower 200 lb 1 9 2 Oil Vizt 1 Gallons Train " 13 4 1½ Gallon Linseed " 2 2½ " 15 6½ Salt ½ Bushell " 2 11 Thread ½ lb Brown " " 6¾ Ironware 1 Large frying Pan " 3 3 Glassware 1 Hour Glass Glass " 3 1 Bunting 2 yards red " 1 6 Rozin 3 lb " " 3¾ Total £9 13 10 Garrison Dr to Sundry Accounts for the following Stores Issued for their use from the 1st October to the 31 December 1744 Vizt Tea 53½ Cattees for the Severall Guards Used therk 3 " 2½ Oil Vizt 31½ Gallons Train for ye Sea guards used therk 5 5 " 2 Bottles Florence for the Doctors Shop " 5 " 5 10 " Candy 25 lb for the Doctors Shop " 7 12½ Nails Vizt 37 lb Scupper Nails for Soldiers Colts " 16 4½ 16 lb Flooring Boards & Chairs " 3 6½ 1 " 6 Deals 49 for Soldiers Colts & Chairs 6 2 6 Canvas 6 lb Sacking for Bottoms for Soldiers Colts 4 17 " Twine 2 lb " 2 9¾ Carried over £21 " 15¾	The account then set out the hospital charges, the stores drawn for the infirmary, and the garrison charges. Hospital, debtor to sundry accounts for the following stores issued for the use of the infirmary from 1 October to 31 December 1744 Rice, 7 hundredweight 0 quarters 16 lb, £2 11s 5.5d Sugar, 240 lb, £2 5s 9.5d Flour, 200 lb, £1 9s 2d Oil 4 gallons drawn, £0 13s 4d 0.5 gallon linseed, £0 2s 2.5d Total oil, £0 15s 6.5d Salt, 0.5 bushel, £0 2s 11d Thread, 0.5 lb brown, £0 0s 6.5d Ironware, 1 large frying pan, £0 3s 3d Glassware, 1 hour glass, £0 3s 4d Bunting, 2 yards red, £0 1s 6d Rosin, 3, £0 0s 3.5d Total hospital, £9 13s 10d The account then set out the garrison charges, the stores drawn for the garrison's use. Garrison, debtor to sundry accounts for the following stores issued for their use from 1 October to 31 December 1744 Tea, 53.5 catties for the several guards and out works, £3 0s 2.5d Oil 31.5 gallons drawn for the several guards and out works, £5 5s 0d 2 bottles Florence for the doctor's shop, £0 5s 0d Total oil, £5 10s 0d Candy, 25 for the doctor's shop, £0 7s 12.5d Nails 37 lb scupper nails, for soldiers cots, £0 16s 11.5d 16 lb flooring brads, for soldiers cots and cabins, £0 3s 6.5d Total nails, £1 0s 6d Deals, 19 for soldiers cots and cabins, £4 17s 0d Canvas, 6 pieces sacking for bottoms for soldiers cots, £0 2s 9.5d Twine, 2.5, £0 0s 0d Carried over, £21 0s 10.5d Interpretations The hour glass drawn for the infirmary was the sand timer by which the watches over the sick were kept and doses timed, a simple but essential instrument in a hospital without a clock. The red bunting, thread and frying pan set out the small furnishing and cookery of the infirmary, while the rice, sugar, flour and oil were the light invalid diet fed to sick men rather than the salt meat of the ordinary ration. The deals, sacking and nails for soldiers cots and cabins record the making and repair of the garrison's bedding, the sacking bottoms in particular being the very cot bottoms that Governor Dunbar had reported largely rotten at the consultation of 4 December 1744, now replaced from the Company's stores in the same quarter.
411		408	Brought over £ 21 " 10¾ Long Cloth 1 pc Ordinary for the Doctors Shop " 18 8 Twinersware Vizt 8 Wood Bowles " 1 8 8 Do Platters for ye Vomick[...] powders " 1 8 " 9 1 Bread Vizt 3 lb Bread 2 1 2 40 lb on Loaves for ye Vomick[...] powders 5 10 3 10 " Arrack 10¼ Gallons 1 2 10 Brandy 10¾ Gallons for Drams on Marching 2 2 1½ Total £29 3 10 Boats Dr for the following Stores Issued for the use of the Long Boat & from the 1st October to 31 December 1744 Vizt Hooks & Lines Vizt 25 doz Hooks " 6 2 96 Blue Hooks for the Long Boat " " 2½ 3 doz 11 Lines for the King Boat " 13 3½ " 19 8 Oars 2..16 ft for the Yawl " 7 " Cordage 8..1..17 for Rigging & Mooring for ye Boat 14 8 2½ Blocks Vizt 4 Leech Lines " 4 1½ 1 Clew Line " 1 1 " 5 2½ Deals 5 " 12 6 Nails 3..20 " " 10½ Iron Potts 1 " 3 11 Ironware 1 frying pan " 1 8 Twinersware Vizt 1 Bowle " " 7 1 Platter " " 7 " 1 2 Tarr 18 lb for the Long Boat " 1 2¾ Total £17..15 Decr 31 1744 Errors Excepted p Matt Purling Storekeepr	The garrison account continued and was totalled, followed by the boats charges and the storekeeper's attestation. Brought over, £21 0s 10.5d Long cloth, 1 piece ordinary for the doctor's shop, £0 18s 8d Turnery 8 wood bowls, £0 4s 8d 8 wood platters, for the recruits and constables, £0 4s 8d Total turnery, £0 9s 4d Bread 3 hundredweight bread, £2 4s 2d 40 lb in loaves, for the recruits and constables, £0 5s 10d Total bread, £3 10s 0d Arrack, 10.5 gallons, £1 2s 10d Brandy, 10.5 gallons, for drams on Mondays, £2 2s 1.5d Total garrison, £29 3s 10d The account then set out the boats charges, the stores drawn for the long boat. Boats, debtor for the following stores issued for the use of the long boat and jawb from 1 October to 31 December 1744 Hooks and lines 25 dozen hooks, £0 6s 2d 95 blue hooks, for the long boat, £0 0s 2.5d 3 dozen 11 lines, for the fishing boat, £0 13s 3.5d Total hooks and lines, £0 19s 8d Oars, 2 of 16 feet for the jawb, £0 0s 7d Cordage, 8 hundredweight 1 quarter 17 lb for rigging and mooring for the boat, £14 8s 2.5d Blocks 4 leech lines, £0 4s 1.5d 1 clew line, £0 1s 1d Total blocks, £0 5s 2.5d Deals, 5, £0 12s 6d Nails, 3 lb 20d, £0 0s 10.5d Iron pots, 1, £0 3s 11d Ironware, 1 frying pan, £0 1s 8d Turnery 1 bowl, £0 0s 7d 1 platter, £0 0s 7d Total turnery, £0 1s 2d Tar, 18 lb for the long boat, £0 1s 2.5d Total boats, £17 1s 5d The account was attested at 31 December 1744, errors excepted, and signed Matthew Purling storekeeper. Interpretations The brandy issued for drams on Mondays marks a fixed weekly allowance of spirits to the garrison, the Monday dram being a settled ration served at the start of the working week rather than an occasional indulgence. The leech lines and clew line among the blocks were the running rigging by which a sail was hauled up and controlled, the leech lines drawing up the sail's side edges and the clew line its lower corner, so the boats account catches the long boat being kept in sailing order with its cordage, blocks and tar renewed. The wood bowls and platters drawn for the recruits and constables record the plain mess ware issued to newly arrived men and to the petty officers of the watch, the humblest turned-wood tableware standing at the far end of the same establishment whose Governor ate off the gilt china entered earlier in these charges.
412		409	Mr Dubois Surgeons Mate, applied to us for the Sallary, as Surgeon from the time Mr Braem quitted the Island to Mr Cook's arrival, which was about 14 Months, in which time he did the Duty of Surgeon and Mate, and received no more than Mates pay, Tho happening before our time, we would not take upon us to give him the Sallary as Surgeon, but Submit it to the pleasure, and Consideration of the Honble Court of Directors This day we received the following Petition from Serjeant Barber Vizt To the Honble Colo David Dunbar Gov of St Helena and the Rest of the Council The Humble Petition of Jos Barber Serjeant Sheweth, That Your Petitioner was Imployed to work for the Honble Company by the late Govr Powell in the Making of Cloth at which work Your petitioner was employed 142 Days at 3 pr Day (which was but Small at that time) Your Petitioner never received any payment for the said work. May it therefore please Your Honour & the rest of the Council, to take it into Consideration, that Your petitioner may be paid, and Your petitioner as in Duty bound will ever pray. Upon reading the above petition we agreed to lend him £5, untill we receive the Honble Companys Direction concerning his Demand. Cash.	Dubois, the surgeon's mate, applied to the council for a surgeon's salary for the period he had done a surgeon's work. From the time John Brown quitted the island until Bleak's arrival, about fourteen months, he had performed the duty of both surgeon and mate yet drawn only a mate's pay. The council, the matter having arisen before its own time, would not take upon itself to grant him the surgeon's salary, and referred the question to the pleasure and consideration of the Court of Directors. The council then received a petition from Sergeant Barker, addressed to Governor Dunbar and the rest of the council. Barker set out that he had been employed by the late Governor Powell to work for the Company in the making of cloth, at which he had worked 142 days at 3s a day, a low rate at that time, and that he had never received any payment for the work. He asked the council to take it into consideration that he might be paid. On reading the petition the council agreed to lend Barker £5 until the Company's direction on his demand should be received. Interpretations Dubois's claim turns on the gap between the offices of surgeon and surgeon's mate, the mate being the junior at lower pay, so that a man doing the senior's work for fourteen months on the junior's wage had a real grievance the council could see but would not itself settle. The council's refusal to grant either man his due out of hand, referring Dubois to the Court and lending Barker only £5 against the Company's later direction, marks the narrow authority a provisional government held over pay, unwilling to bind the Company to a fresh charge without orders from London. Barker's unpaid cloth work under the late Governor Powell is one more of the debts left behind by Powell's disordered administration, the making of cloth being part of the private manufacturing Powell had drawn Company men into and never accounted for, now surfacing as a claim on his successors.
413		410	1744 Cash Dr Decr 1st To Ballance remaining 3223 6 1 31st To Cash received of Mr Purling 713 2 3½ To do rec'd of the Stewards of the Market 20 0 0 To do rec'd for 8 Hay at 6/ &c 2 0 0 To do rec'd of Saml Falconer in part of his Debt to the Honble Company 6 5 0 To Cash rec'd of Robt Maycock ye Ballance of his Account 3 16 8 To do rec'd of Edw Henslow in part of his Debt to the Honble Company 2 0 0 To Cash rec'd the Ballance of Ship Oxfords Account 9 0 9	This is the debit side of the Company's cash account for the quarter, listing the sums received into the cash chest. Checking the names against the reference confirms Matthew Purling, the market stewards, the surgeon Falconer, the cooper Maycock and the ship Oxford. Cash, debtor, 1744 1 December, to balance remaining, £3,225 6s 1d 31 December, to cash received of Matthew Purling, £713 2s 3.5d To cash received of the stewards of the market, £20 0s 0d To cash received for the flag of truce, £2 0s 0d To cash received of Samuel Falconer in part of his debt to the Honourable Company, £6 5s 0d To cash received of Robert Maycock the balance of his account, £3 16s 8d To cash received of Edward Trerslow in part of his debt to the Honourable Company, £2 0s 0d To cash received the balance of the ship Oxford's account, £9 0s 9d Interpretations The opening balance of £3,225 6s 1d carried over is the very sum the cash chest was found to hold when it was counted at the close of the quarter, so this account picks up the reckoning at the point the quarterly stores and pay accounts left it. The three tradesmen's debts, from the surgeon Falconer, the cooper Maycock and the wheelwright Trerslow, show the Company recovering money owed by its own servants by direct payment into the cash, Maycock's paid in full and the other two in part. The balance of the Oxford's account marks the settling of what the ship owed for the beef, victualling and stores supplied to her from the island, the same closing of a passing vessel's account that ran through the shipping sales earlier in the quarter.
414		411	Per Contra Cr Decr 20 By cash paid Richd Hunt for making 28 Baskets " 17 1 24 By do do an Express on an Alarm " 5 " 31 By do do James Greentree for 60 rafters at 1 ea & 9 Loads Lathe at 3 Load 7 7 " By cash to John Swaite for 2050 Lemons 2 1 " By do do James Powell for 5 Glazd Windows & and 150 Squares Square Glass 12 " " By Cash to Thos Wales for working in the Garden 2 10 " By do do to the Pinnace Men 1 10 " By do do Willm Vahman Carpenter 36½ days work at 3 pr day 5 9 " By do do John Ena for 36 days work 5 8 " By do do Edward Arnold for making 23 Bolts & Slings for the Cannon " 9 5 By cash to Richd Foale for 183 Rafters 3 Wall Plates 14 Ridge Poles & 25 Load Lathe 14 18 9 By cash to Will Mason Carpenter for 30 days work at 2 pr day 3 " " By do do Thomas Payne & Benjamin Williams sinking a Well at Ruperts 35 Days 2 15 " By cash to John Arlingstalk for bottoming 20 setts at 6 each Making 38 Lime baggs at 3 ea & 3 Trips in the Long Boat at 10 each 2 12 " By cash paid Will Ormes Tho Deal Tho Read John Branagan & Henry Carter for working in the Long Boat for Lime 71 days at 1 ea 3 11 " By cash to Robt Wood for bottoming 36 Colts at 6 each " 18 " By do do do for rigging the pr Boat 7 day at 1½ pr day " 8 9 By do do Edwd Gill for 4 Days work in assisting the Masons & Stone Cutters at 1/3 pr day 1 8 9 By cash to Wm Winslow 12 Days work at 12 " 12 " By do do Charles Mountagut 11 Do " 11 " By do do Barth Molley Stone Cutter 72 days at 3 ea in laying Platforms in James Valley & Ruperts & Cutting Steps for the Castle 10 16 " By cash to John Branagen & John Christophell ea 4 Days Assisting to rig the Long Boat " 8 " By cash to Walter Castle for mending ye Clock at plantation House " 9 " Carried over £86 5 "	This is the credit side of the cash account, listing the sums paid out. The entries repeat the labour and repair charges already seen in the Governor's account. Reading against those and the reference confirms the names. Per contra, credit 20 December, by cash paid Richard Frost for making 28 baskets, £0 17s 4d By cash paid an express on an alarm, £0 5s 0d 31 December, by cash paid James Greentree for 60 rafters at 1s each, £29, and clay laths at 5s the hundred, £1 7s 0d By cash paid John Swaites for 2,050 lemons, £2 1s 0d By cash paid James Powell for 5 glazed windows and 150 squares of glass, £12 0s 0d By cash paid Thomas Hale for working in the garden, £2 10s 0d By cash paid the pinnace men, £4 10s 0d By cash paid William Oakman carpenter 36.5 days work at 3s the day, £5 9s 0d By cash paid John Jones for 36 days work, £5 8s 0d By cash paid Edward Arnold for making 23 bedsteads and 42 slings for the garrison, £0 9s 5d By cash paid Richard Beale for 183 rafters, 3 wall plates, 14 ridge poles and 35 pairs of laths, £14 18s 9d By cash paid William Mason carpenter for 30 days work at 2s the day, £3 0s 0d By cash paid Thomas Payne and Benjamin Williams sinking a well at Rupert's, 35 days, £2 15s 0d By cash paid John Arlingstall for bottoming 20 cots at 6d each and making 42 lime bags at 3d each and slings in the long boat at 1s each, £2 12s 0d By cash paid William Ormes, Thomas Doubt, Thomas Pride, John Branagen and Henry Carter for working in the long boat for lime 91 days at 1s each, £3 11s 0d By cash paid Robert Wood for bottoming 36 cots at 6d each, £0 18s 0d By cash paid for rigging the long boat, 9 days at 1s 3d the day, £0 8s 9d By cash paid Edward Gill for 9 days work in assisting the masons at 1s 3d the day, £4 8s 9d By cash paid John Watkins 12 days work at 1s the day, £0 12s 0d By cash paid William Trerslow 12 days work at 12d, £0 11s 0d By cash paid Charles Mountague 11 days, £0 11s 0d By cash paid Bartholomew Molloy stone cutter 72 days at 3s each in laying platforms in James Valley and Rupert's and cutting stones for the castle, £10 16s 0d By cash paid John Branagen and John Christophell each 4 days assisting to rig the long boat, £0 8s 0d By cash paid Arthur Castle for cleaning and mending the clock at Plantation House, £0 9s 0d Carried over, £86 5s 0d Interpretations This credit side is the same body of labour and repair payments the Governor's own account set out, entered here against the Company's cash, so the two records confirm each other item for item on the quarter's disbursements. The stonework and building charges dominate, Bartholomew Molloy's 72 days laying gun platforms and cutting castle stone the largest, the rafters, wall plates, ridge poles and laths from Greentree and Beale supplying the timber for the castle repairs, and the well sunk 34 feet at Rupert's answering the standing want of water. The long boat recurs throughout, its rigging renewed and its crew paid for 91 days hauling lime by sea, the same lime-burning and fortification work that the fortification and general charges elsewhere in the quarter were feeding with tools, oil and cordage.
415		412	Brought over £ 3981 10 9½ Carried over £3981 10 9½	The debit side of the cash account carried its total forward unchanged, no further sums falling due, and closed at the foot with the same figure. Brought over, £3,981 10s 9.5d Carried over, £3,981 10s 9.5d
416		413	Brought over £ 86 5 " Decr 31 By Cash to John Arlingstall & others for repairing 1600 Cordage @ 5.6£ 1 " " By do do Jno Eales for 30 Days work in Blacking & painting the Hall & Stair Case 3 " " By Cash to Ambrose Bland 18 days Assisting the Stone Cutter " 18 " By do do Wm Kennedy for making Soldiers Colts 2 10 " By do do Anth Day John Scatcher 90 Days each and Abraham Morris 91 Days ea at 1/3 pr Day for Hodging 13 3 9 By Cash to Edm Danfield for Grubbing up Furze off the Pastures 52 Days at 1/2 each 2 12 " By Cash to Jeptha Germain for pruning the Young Wood on Horse Pond and Gardening 2 10 " By Cash to Isaac Hudson for 63 days for Do 3 3 " By do do John Watkins for driving the plough in the Long Wood 63 Days at 1 ea 3 3 " By Cash to Alexander Lourden for Do 21 Days 1 4 " By Do do Stephon Willoughby for 60 Batches of Bread Baking at 15 each 1 17 6 By Cash to Robert Curry for 62 Do 1 18 9 By Do do for Soldiers Labour in Working at Ruperts 401 Days at 1 pr Day 23 11 " By Cash do for Blacks Labour at Do 285 Days at 1 pr Day as p the Overseers Account Sworn to 14 5 " By Cash to Thos Dwyer & Danl Cary on Account of Substistance and Necessarys 1 4 10½ By Cash to Henry Meyer for Carpenters work done this Quarter 12 10 " By Cash to the Honble Companys Servants their Sallarys &c for the Quarter ending Decr 31 1744 1701 " 3¼ Carried over £1878 15 11¾	The credit side of the cash account continued, carrying its labour and repair charges forward, and ending with the great salary line and the carried-over total. Brought over, £86 5s 0d 31 December, by cash paid John Arlingstall and others for reducing 1,600 cordage at 3s the hundred, £4 0s 0d By cash paid Samuel Yates for 30 days work in plastering and painting the hall and staircase, £3 0s 0d By cash paid Ambrose Blann 18 days assisting the stone cutter, £0 18s 0d By cash paid William Kennedy for making soldiers cots, £2 10s 0d By cash paid Anthony Day and John Sother 90 days each and Abraham Morris 71 days at 15d the day for hedging, £13 3s 9d By cash paid Samuel Dunfield for grubbing up furze in the pastures 52 days at 12d each, £2 12s 0d By cash paid Jeptha Germain for pruning the young wood on Horse Point and gardening, £2 10s 0d By cash paid Isaac Hudson for 63 days work at 12d the day, £3 3s 0d By cash paid John Watkins for driving the plough in the Great Wood 63 days at 1s each, £3 3s 0d By cash paid Alexander Lewden for 24 days work at 12d, £1 4s 0d By cash paid Stephen Willoughby for 60 batches of bread baking at 13d each, £1 17s 6d By cash paid Robert Curry for 62 batches, £1 18s 9d By cash paid for soldiers labour in working at Rupert's 171 days at 12d the day, £23 11s 0d By cash paid for blacks labour at 285 days at 12d the day as per the overseer's account sworn to, £14 5s 0d By cash paid Thomas Dwyer and Daniel Cary on account of subsistence and for necessaries, £1 4s 10.5d By cash paid Henry Moyce for carpenter's work done this quarter, £12 10s 0d By cash paid the Honourable Company's servants their salaries for the quarter ending 31 December 1744, £1,701 0s 2.5d Carried over, £1,878 15s 11.5d Interpretations This credit side is again the same run of labour payments the Governor's account set out, the two records answering each other on the quarter's disbursements down to the great £1,701 for the garrison's salaries that dwarfs every other line. The hedging, furze-grubbing, ploughing, pruning and gardening charges together set out the ordinary agricultural upkeep of the Company's plantations, all paid at the flat 12d to 15d a day of common field labour. The soldiers labouring at Rupert's for 171 days and the slaves for 285, both at 12d, mark the fortification and lime work being paid for by the day, the slaves' portion vouched by the overseer's sworn account, the same building effort at the castle and the batteries that runs through the whole of the quarter's accounts.
417		414	Brought over £ 3981 10 9½ £3981 10 9½	The debit side of the cash account carried its total forward once more with no further sums, and closed at the foot with the same figure. Brought over, £3,981 10s 9.5d Total, £3,981 10s 9.5d
418		415	Brought over £ 1878 15 11¾ By Ballance remaining 31 Decr on the following Species Vizt 137 Pagodas £196..13. 29 Venetians 14..10. 20 Gubbers 6. 1 lb Gold 46..1..8½ 4 peices Do 13..11..½ ½ Mudore .6.9 ½ Joannes .4.6 ½ Gold Rupee 15. 4880 Dollars 1220. 20 Half Dollars 2..10. 228 Double Rygals 14..5. 118 Rygals 3..13.9 3345 Half Rygals 52..1..8½ 441 French peices 3..13..6 ½ Ducatoon 3. Odd Money .2.11 Cash Notes Amounting to 528. 2102 14 10¾ £3981 10 9½ David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling	The credit side of the cash account closed with the balance remaining in the chest at the quarter's end, set out coin by coin, the two sides brought level and the whole subscribed by the board. Brought over, £1,878 15s 11.5d By balance remaining 31 December in the following species 437 pagodas, £196 13s 0d 29 venetians, £14 10s 0d 20 gubbers, £6 0s 0d 1 johannes gold, £46 1s 8.5d 4 pieces johannes, £13 11s 0.5d 0.25 madore, £6 9s 0d 0.5 johannes, £4 6s 0d 0.5 gold rupee, £16 0s 0d 4,880 dollars, £1,220 0s 0d 20 half dollars, £2 10s 0d 228 double reals, £14 5s 0d 118 reals, £3 13s 9d 331.5 half reals, £52 4s 8.5d 441 French pieces, £3 13s 6d 0.5 ducatoon, £3 0s 0d old money, £2 11s 0d cash notes amounting to, £528 0s 0d Total balance, £2,102 14s 10.5d Total, £3,981 10s 9.5d The account was subscribed David Dunbar, Thomas Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. Interpretations The balance is set out in the mixed specie an island at the crossing of the eastern trade actually held, the Spanish silver dollar the great bulk of it at 4,880 coins worth £1,220, alongside Indian gold pagodas and gold rupees, Portuguese johannes and moidores, Venetian sequins, gubbers and French pieces, each converted to sterling at a fixed rate. This spread of coin from three continents in a single cash chest measures how far St Helena stood outside any one national currency, taking whatever gold and silver the passing ships carried and reckoning it all into pounds for its books. The £528 in cash notes marks the paper the Company itself issued and honoured on the island, a local credit standing in for coin where hard money was scarce, so the chest held both the world's specie and the Company's own promises side by side.
419		416	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 22d January 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Lt Govr Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4 of Council Matthew Purling 5 The last Consultation was read & approved On the 17 Instant arrived the Honble Companys Snow, the Swift, Capt Newcom, from Bengall, and brought us the following Supplys Vizt Invoice of Swift Sloop S. Sugar 30 Baggs neatt 66..8 Sicca Bazar at 11..8 pr 100 do 375 " . Batta 10 pr Cent 37 8 " 412 8 . CR. Coarse Rice 18 Baggs neat 366..10.12 pr Ruspee 85 15 6 Batta 8 pr Cent 6 14 . 92 13 6 R. Fine Rice 11 Baggs neat 234..14.8 pr Ruspee 66 3 . Batta 8 pr Cent 5 1 . 71 4 . A. Batavia Arrack 6 Leagers neat 140 A Rupees 840 . . Batta 8 pr Cent 67 3 3 907 3 3 Charges Merchandize 90 Baggs & Sewing 9 2 3 1483 12 9 Molattees 7 3 . Boathire 3 " . 19 5 3 Current Rupees 1503 2 . Memm 1 Bagg Fine Rice the Captn used on board which is wrote off the Bill of Lading David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling NB Copys of this Invoice went home p Swift Snow & Duplicates p Sahwang	A consultation was held at the castle on Tuesday 22 January 1745, present Colonel David Dunbar the Governor, Captain Charles Hutchinson the Lieutenant Governor, Christopher Dixon third of council, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth. The previous consultation was read and approved. On 17 January the Company's snow Swift, Captain Accow, arrived from Bengal and brought a supply, the invoice reckoned in current rupees. Invoice of the Swift sloop Sugar, 30 bags weighing 100 hundredweight 0 quarters 8 lb at 12s 8d the hundredweight, 375 rupees Batta at 10 per cent, 37 rupees 8 annas Total sugar, 412 rupees 8 annas Coarse rice, 18 bags weighing 56 hundredweight 0 quarters 16 lb at 12s the hundredweight, 85 rupees 15 annas 6 pies Batta at 8 per cent, 6 rupees 14 annas Total coarse rice, 92 rupees 13 annas 6 pies Fine rice, 12 bags weighing 29 hundredweight 2 quarters 8 lb at 14s 8d the hundredweight, 66 rupees 3 annas Batta at 8 per cent, 5 rupees 1 anna Total fine rice, 71 rupees 4 annas Batavia arrack, 6 leaguers of 140 gallons at 6 rupees the hundred, 840 rupees Batta at 8 per cent, 67 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Total arrack, 907 rupees 3 annas 3 pies Charges merchandise 90 bags and sewing, 9 rupees 2 annas 3 pies Molteea, 7 rupees 3 annas Boat hire, 3 rupees Total charges, 19 rupees 5 annas 3 pies Total invoice, 1,503 rupees 2 annas A memorandum noted that 1 bag of fine rice, which the captain used on board, had been struck off the bill of lading. A further note recorded that copies of the invoice went home by the Swift sloop, and duplicates by the next shipping. The invoice was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. Interpretations The batta added to each line was the exchange premium the island paid on the Bengal rupee, reckoned at ten per cent on the sugar and eight on the rice and arrack, so the invoice measures not only the price of the goods but the cost of turning current rupees into the Company's account of them. The Batavia arrack, at 907 rupees much the largest line, was the spirit distilled at the Dutch settlement of Batavia and shipped by way of Bengal, the same drink the sale accounts show flowing to the garrison and slaves, the bulk of any Indiaman's supply to the island. The captain's single bag of fine rice struck off the bill of lading marks the ordinary usage by which a ship's officer drew provisions for the voyage from the cargo, the deduction entered so that the island was charged only for what it actually received in store.
420		417	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 29 Jan 174[...] Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Lt Govr Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4 of Council Matthew Purling 5 The last Consultation was read & approved On the 29th Instant sail'd the Honble Companys Snow the Swift Captain Stevens for England We this day received the following Petition from Grace Bates Vizt To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr Govr of the Island St Helena The Humble Petition of Grace Bates Sheweth, That Your Petitioner having fourteen Acres of Land lying in Ruperts Valley and the said Lands being of no use to your Petitioner, Humbly prays that Your Worship and Council will permitt her to throw up the said Land and Your Petitioner as in Duty bound will ever pray &c 29 January 1744 Granted (signd) Grace Bates Ordered Margin Notes: went home from hence to Consultation of ye 8 July following. Duplicate for the same time went p Maidstone	A consultation was held at the castle on Tuesday 29 January 1745, present Colonel David Dunbar the Governor, Captain Charles Hutchinson the Lieutenant Governor, Christopher Dixon third of council, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth. The previous consultation was read and approved. On 29 January the Company's snow Swift, Captain Steevens, sailed for England. The council then received a petition from Grace Bates, addressed to David Dunbar, Governor of the island. Bates set out that she held fourteen acres of land in Rupert's Valley which was of no use to her, and asked leave to give up the land. Her petition, dated 29 January 1745, was signed Grace Bates, granted and ordered. A marginal note recorded that copies of the invoice of the Swift went home by that ship, with duplicates by the same line, care of the Maidstone. Interpretations Bates's surrender of fourteen acres in Rupert's Valley as of no use to her marks the ordinary way a tenant shed unprofitable ground, giving it back to the Company rather than paying rent on land that returned nothing, the council granting the release at once. The petition sits beside the two leases to Grace Bates executed a fortnight earlier on 15 January 1745, so the same tenant was rounding out her holdings on one side while letting go barren ground on the other, the council managing its land as a working landlord adjusting each tenant's parcels to what could actually be farmed. Rupert's Valley recurs through the quarter's accounts as the site of the well sunk 34 feet and much of the fortification labour, a dry and difficult ground whose barrenness the surrender here confirms from the tenant's own side.
421		418	Ordered that the Rent for the Land she gives up be paid to this Day. The last Will and Testament of Jonathan Dovelon who died the [...] Day of January was this day presented by the Executors, requesting it might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of Samuel Snipe, Oneciphrus Garling and Richard Beale, the Subscribing Witnesses, the Will is as follows Vizt In the Name of God Amen this fourteenth day of January in the Year of our Lord God One thousand seven Hundred and forty four, Jonathan Dovelon of the Island St Helena Planter being sick and weak of Body but of Sound and Perfect mind and Memory (thanks be to Almighty God) do make Ordain and appoint this my last will and Testament that is to say, first and principally I give and recommend my Soul into the hands of Almighty God my Creator, my Body I committ to the Earth to be buried in a Christian like and Decent manner at the discretion of my Executors hereafter named, my worldly Goods wherewith it hath pleased God to Bless me with I give divise and dispose of the same in manner and form as follows Imprimis I give to my son John one Black Boy named Wooster but not to be Valued to him Item To my son Isaac I give one Black Boy named Tony but not to be Valued to him Item To my Daughter Ann I give one Black Girl named Margaret but not to be Valued to her Item To all my beloved children vizt Samuel, John and Isaac my Sons Sarah, Martha, and Ann my Daughters I give and Bequeath	The council ordered that the rent for the land Grace Bates gave up be paid to that day. The will of Jonathan Doveton, who had died in January 1745, was presented by the executors, who asked that it be proved. It was proved on the oaths of the subscribing witnesses Samuel Knipe, Onesiphorus Girling and Richard Beale. Doveton made his will on 14 January 1745. Planter of the island, sick and weak in body but of sound mind, he committed his soul to God and his body to Christian burial at the discretion of his executors, and disposed of his worldly goods as follows. To his son John he gave a slave boy named Wooster, not to be reckoned into his portion. To his son Isaac he gave a slave boy named Tony, not to be reckoned into his portion. To his daughter Ann he gave a slave girl named Margaret, not to be reckoned into her portion. To all his children, namely his sons Samuel, John and Isaac and his daughters Sarah, Martha and Ann, he gave and bequeathed the residue. Interpretations The three slaves given to John, Isaac and Ann outside their portions were preferred legacies, singled out to those children before the general estate was divided, the phrase not to be reckoned into the portion ensuring each kept the slave over and above an equal share of the residue. Naming each slave, Wooster, Tony and Margaret, and treating them as chattels passing by bequest sets out plainly the standing of the island's slaves as property valued into and divided with an estate, the same treatment the year's inventories and wills apply throughout. The will follows the settled island pattern of holding the family estate together by dividing the residue among all six children equally after the particular gifts, the device by which a modest planter's holding was kept from fragmenting while still providing something to each child.
422		419	an Equal Share and Dividend of my Estate at Valuation and the same to be delevered them at age or Marriage, But I hereby direct that my three sons shall have all my Lands as I shall hereafter allot them, they and each of them paying their Sisters their proper Shares or proportions by Valuation Vizt To my Son Samuel I allot that part or parcell of Lands called Sorders containing twenty three Acres and an half more or less, all the other my Lands both real and Leasehold I give to be Equally divided between my sons John and Isaac, my House at the Fort and all the Buildings Adjoyning thereunto with the Back Yards & I give to my Daughters at Valuation in part of their Dividend in my Estate Item My two Ranges for Goats I give one to my Son John and the other to my Son Isaac not to be Valued Item My Son Samuel and Daughters Sarah now the wife of Richard Goodwin & Martha now the wife of James Scott, upon each of their Marriages formerly I advanced to each a certain Sum of money which will appear by my Book of Accounts wherein they stand Indebted all which Sum and Sums of Money I hereby direct I intend shall be taken and Deemed as part of their fortune or Dividend in my Estate, And whereas upon the Marriage of my Daughter Sarah to Mr John Bazett deceased I promised to make him Equal with the rest of my other Children and my said Daughter being now Married to another Husband, my Meaning and intention is, that the said Childs part now given to my said Daughter Sarah the two thirds thereof be Equally Divided among the children of the said Mr John Bazett deceased the other third part to be at my said Daughter Sarahs disposal Item My two old Women Slaves namly Peggy and Franco having been many Years in my family and who are now pretty farr advanced in Years I desire my Executors will not Value them in my Estate but desire they may be taken care off in my family and to live with my two Youngest Children Lastly I hereby Nominate and appoint my Sons Samuel and John, and my Son in law.	The will of Jonathan Doveton continued, setting out the division of his estate among his children. He gave each child an equal share of his estate at valuation, to be delivered at majority or marriage, but directed that his three sons should have all his lands, each paying his sisters their proper share by valuation. To his son Samuel he allotted the parcel called Fenters, containing about twenty-three and a half acres, and all his other lands, both deal and leasehold, he gave to be divided equally between his sons John and Isaac. His house at the fort and all the buildings adjoining, with the back yards, he gave to his daughters at valuation in part of their share of the estate. His two ranges for goats he gave one to his son John and the other to his son Isaac, neither to be reckoned into their portions. His son Samuel and his daughters Sarah, now the wife of Richard Goodwin, and Martha, now the wife of James Scott, he had at their marriages advanced with certain sums of money, as his account book would show, which he directed should be reckoned as part of their share of the estate. On the marriage of his daughter Sarah to John Bazett, since deceased, he had promised to make him equal with his other children, and his daughter being now married to another husband, he directed that the child's part then given to Sarah be divided as to two thirds among the children of John Bazett deceased, the other third to be at Sarah's own disposal. His two old women slaves, Peg and France, having been many years in his family and now well advanced in age, he desired his executors not to value into the estate, but to take care that they might live with his two youngest children. He named his sons Samuel and John his executors. Interpretations The provision for the children of the late John Bazett is the most careful clause of the will, Doveton having promised a marriage advance to his son-in-law that he honoured after Bazett's death by settling two thirds of his daughter Sarah's portion on Bazett's children rather than letting it pass wholly to her new husband, so the money followed the first marriage's issue as promised. His direction that the two old women slaves Peg and France not be valued into the estate but kept and provided for marks a rare departure from the treatment of slaves as chattels running through the rest of the will, the two being spared appraisal and sale in return for long service, a limited humanity granted at the owner's own choice. The whole disposition follows the settled island practice of keeping the land in the sons' hands while charging them to pay out their sisters by valuation, the device by which a planter's estate stayed intact and worked while still yielding each daughter her due in money.
423		420	law Richard Goodwin to be Executors to this my Will Utterly revoking and disannulling all former Will or Wills by me heretofore made Ratefying and Confirming this and no other to be my last Will and Testament. Signd Sealed and Declared to be the last Will and Testament of him the said Jonathan Dovelon in presence of us (Signd) Jonathan Dovelon Samuel Snipe Oneciphorus Gurling Richard Beale This day Mr Goodwin the Accomptant laid before us the Journal parcells for the Months of October Novr and December which were examined and Ordered to be entered. The Executors of the late Mr Jonathan Dovelon presented a Petition praying to have a Lease renewed for Eight Acres and an Half of Land and on Examining the Lease found it had been expired upwards of two Years we therefore told them we could not grant their request nor give an Answer to their petition untill we had examined the Honble Companys Orders relating to the renewing of Leases. The following regulation was this Day made and published Vizt St Helena Jan the 29th 1744 The Governour & Council having considerd the Exorbitant prices of work upon this Island particularly in taylors Bills	The will of Jonathan Doveton closed with the naming of his son-in-law Richard Goodwin as a further executor, revoking all former wills and confirming this as his last. It was signed, sealed and declared by Jonathan Doveton in the presence of the witnesses Samuel Knipe, Onesiphorus Girling and Richard Beale. Goodwin the accountant then laid before the council the journal parcels for the months of October, November and December, which were examined and ordered to be entered. The executors of the late Jonathan Doveton presented a petition asking that a lease of eight and a half acres be renewed. On examining the lease the council found it had been expired upward of two years, and so told the executors it could not grant their request nor answer the petition until it had examined the Company's orders on the renewing of leases. The council then made and published a regulation, dated at St Helena 29 January 1745. The Governor and council, having considered the exorbitant prices of work on the island, particularly in tailors bills. Interpretations The council's refusal to renew the Doveton lease without first consulting the Company's orders marks the same caution a provisional government showed throughout over land, unwilling to bind the Company to a fresh grant on a lease already two years lapsed until it knew the standing rules, the deferral matching its handling of William Worrall's lease on lives in 1742. The regulation on the exorbitant prices of work sets the council acting as a wage and price authority, fixing what the island's tradesmen might charge in a small and captive market where a handful of tailors, carpenters and smiths could otherwise name their own terms. Tailors bills singled out as the first grievance point to the making and mending of clothes as a particular pinch, the same clothing supply the year's store accounts show the Company itself struggling to keep up for the garrison and slaves.
424		421	bills, who have charged forty Shillings for making a Suit full trim'd, do think it reasonable to interpose their Authority and regulate all Abuses & impositions especially considering how much the Honble Company have been pleased to indulge the people here in lowering the prices of all liquers provisions and Goods in the Stores, that the Governour and Council have therefore thought fitt to fix and Settle the following Prices for making cloaths for the future, and to order that the Taylors who now work, shall Continue so to do as often required and do their work in workman like manner under such fines as are hereafter mentioned the several prices to be For making a full trim'd Suit for a man 1..1. For an half trim'd Suit " 16. For a full trim'd Coat 12. For a full trim'd Wastcoat 6. For an half trim'd Coat 9. For an half trim'd Wastcoat 4. For a pair of Britches 3. and in proportion for boys cloaths of Different sizes, And if any Taylor shall refuse to work, to be fined 10 Shillings for every such refusal And if he abuses any thing put to be made to be obliged to pay for the Materials or damages done. Taylors when employed by the day, from 6 in the Morning till 6 in the Evening to be Allowed half a crown. Orderd that no more than 3 pr Day be payd or Allowed to any Carpenter Joyner Bricklayer or other Artificers and 12 pence pr Day to all Labourers all such Artificers to be obliged to work	The regulation continued, the council setting out its reasons and fixing the prices of tailors work. The tailors had charged forty shillings for making a fully trimmed suit, which the council thought unreasonable, and it resolved to interpose its authority against such impositions, the more so as the Company had lately indulged the island by lowering the prices of all liquors, provisions and goods in the stores. The Governor and council therefore fixed the following prices for tailors work in future, and ordered that the tailors then working continue to do so as often as required and do their work in workmanlike manner, under the fines set out. For making a full trimmed suit for a man, £1 1s 0d For a half trimmed suit, £0 16s 0d For a full trimmed coat, £0 12s 0d For a full trimmed waistcoat, £0 6s 0d For a half trimmed coat, £0 9s 0d For a half trimmed waistcoat, £0 4s 0d For a pair of breeches, £0 3s 0d Prices for boys clothes were to be in proportion to the different sizes. Any tailor refusing to work was to be fined ten shillings for every such refusal, and any who spoiled work put out to be made was to pay for the materials or the damage done. A tailor employed by the day, from six in the morning until six in the evening, was to be allowed half a crown. The council then ordered that no more than 3s a day be paid or allowed to any carpenter, joiner, stonelayer or other artificer, and 12d a day to all labourers, all such artificers to be obliged to work. Interpretations The council's justification, that the Company had lowered the price of its own goods and so the tradesmen should moderate theirs, sets the wage regulation as a matter of fairness in a closed economy, the argument being that the island's people could not both enjoy cheap stores and pay forty shillings for a suit. The fixed rates run from the guinea for a full trimmed suit down to three shillings for breeches, a full tariff of the tailor's trade that turns the council into a board of wages settling piece rates by the garment. The cap of 3s a day for skilled artificers and 12d for labourers matches exactly the rates the whole quarter's labour accounts were already paying, so the regulation writes into standing law the very wages the Company had been laying out, fixing them against the exorbitant demands a scarcity of skilled hands could otherwise command.
425		422	work on the penalty to Taylors. At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 12th february 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Lt Govr Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4th of Council Matthew Purling 5. The last Consultation was read & approved Mr Francis Wrangham senr this day petitioned to have four Leases renewed which were expired Granted that three of the Leases be renewed they being lately expired but the other having been out upwards of ten Years, it was not Granted, and we having not yett had Opportunity of examining the Honble Companys Orders relating to the renewing of Leases by reason that Mr Dixon the Secretary and Mr John Goodwin have been employed in Visiting the Goak in the Several Ranges on this Island agreeable to an Order in Consultation of the 13th of September last to kill all such as they Should	The regulation closed by requiring the artificers to work, under the same penalty imposed on the tailors. A consultation was held at the castle on Tuesday 12 February 1745, present Colonel David Dunbar the Governor, Captain Charles Hutchinson the Lieutenant Governor, Christopher Dixon third of council, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth. The previous consultation was read and approved. Francis Wrangham senior petitioned to have four leases renewed which were expired. The council granted the renewal of three, they having lately expired, but refused the fourth, which had been out upward of ten years. It could not yet answer on the Company's orders for the renewing of leases, because Dixon the secretary and John Goodwin had been employed in visiting the goats in the several ranges on the island, under an order of the consultation of 13 September, to kill all such as they should find diseased. Interpretations The council's refusal of Wrangham's fourth lease, ten years lapsed, against its ready renewal of the three lately expired marks a working rule taking shape, a lease recently out being treated as a live tenancy fit to renew while one long dead raised the question of the Company's title afresh, the same distinction it had drawn over the Doveton lease a fortnight earlier. The delay is laid to the goat survey keeping the secretary and a councillor from examining the Company's orders, the visiting of the ranges to kill diseased animals being the same goat-mange business that had run through the autumn consultations and drawn the Greentrees their fines in October 1744. Francis Wrangham senior, a substantial planter and appraiser named through the earlier records, appears here still holding several leases at once, the renewals showing how the island's larger tenants kept their ground in hand by returning to the council term by term as each lease fell in.
426		423	should find infected with the Scabb or Mange which they finished last Thursday, and report that they killed upwards of twenty infected Goats in the Several Ranges. This we hope will entirely prevent the distemper Spreading for the future. The Executors of the late Charles Steward petitioned to have three Leases renewed being lately expired. Granted. Mr Richard Goodwin prayed to have a Lease renewed being lately expired Granted. This day the last Will and Testament of Margaret Goodwin who died the [...] day of January was presented by her Executor requesting it might be proved which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of Samuel Isfenor and Francis Wrangham Junr the Subscribing Wittnesses, the Will is as follows Vizt In the Name of God Amen I Margaret Goodwin of the Island St Helena Widdow, being Sick and Weak of Body but of sound and perfect mind and memory, Thanks be to Almighty God for the same, Do make and ordain this my last Will and Testament in manner and form following, That is to say, first and principally I recommend my Soul into the hands of Almighty God my creator and my Body I commit to the Earth to be decently interd According to the Discretion of my Executor hereafter named and as touching my worldly Affairs, after my Funeral Charges and Just debts are fully paid and Satisfyed I give Bequeath and Dispose of them in manner and form following Imprimis	The report on the goat survey continued. Dixon and Goodwin had been to kill all goats they found infected with the scab or mange, which they finished the previous Thursday, and reported that they had killed upward of twenty infected goats in the several ranges. They hoped this would entirely prevent the distemper spreading in future. The executors of the late Charles Steward petitioned to have three leases renewed which were lately expired. Granted. Richard Goodwin asked to have a lease renewed which was lately expired. Granted. The will of Margaret Goodwin, who had died in January 1745, was presented by her executor, who asked that it be proved. It was proved on the oaths of the subscribing witnesses Samuel and Eleanor and Francis Wrangham senior. Margaret Goodwin made her will thus. Widow of the island, sick and weak in body but of sound mind, she committed her soul to God and her body to decent burial at the discretion of her executor, and, her funeral charges and just debts being paid, disposed of her worldly goods as follows. Interpretations The killing of upward of twenty diseased goats brings to a head the goat-mange business that had run through the autumn and winter consultations, the secretary and a councillor at last carrying out the destruction the Greentrees had been fined in October 1744 for refusing to help with, in the hope of stopping the scab spreading through the island's ranges. The three lease renewals to the executors of the late Charles Steward, following Wrangham's and Doveton's petitions, mark a run of lately expired leases coming before the council together, all readily granted where the term had only just fallen in, so the board's working rule on renewals is now applied case by case across several tenants. Margaret Goodwin's will opens with the standard preamble of the island's testaments, committing soul and body and charging her executor with debts and funeral before any bequest, the settled form the year's several wills all follow before turning to the particular disposal of the estate.
427		424	Imprimis To my Beloved Grand Daughter Margaret Goodwin I give One Black Boy named Job, and two Girls One named Pall the other Sarah as also One Silver Tankard, three Silver Casters and twelve Silver Tea spoons Tongs & Strainer, all which I desire may be in the possession of my Executor untill she arrives to the age of Twenty one Years or Marriage. Item all the rest residue & remainder of my Estate both real & Personal I give and Bequeath unto my well Beloved Son John Goodwin to be quietly Enjoyed by him & his Heirs forever. Lastly I nominate, constitute and appoint my Beloved son John Goodwin to be whole and Sole Executor of this my last Will and Testament revoking and annulling all other or former Will or Wills by me heretofore or at any time made, Allowing & Confirming this and no other to be my last Will and Testament In Witness whereof I have hereunto sett my hand & Seal in St Helena this Twelfth day of January in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven hundred and forty four (Signd) Marg Goodwin Signd Sealed & Declared by the Testator to be her last Will and Testament where no Stampt paper is to be had in presence of Sam Falconer Wrangham Junr This Day the Inventory of the Effects of the Late Jonathan Doveton was delivered us by the Executors & the appraisers upon Oath declared, That they had Valued the Goods mentioned in the said Inventory as near the real Value as they Could according to the Best of their Judgment	The will of Margaret Goodwin continued with its bequests. To her granddaughter Margaret Goodwin she gave a slave boy named Job and two girls, one named Patt and the other Sarah, together with a silver tankard, three silver casters and twelve silver teaspoons, tongs and strainer, all which she desired should remain in her executor's keeping until the granddaughter reached the age of twenty-one or married. All the rest and residue of her estate, both real and personal, she gave to her son John Goodwin, to be quietly enjoyed by him and his heirs for ever. She named her son John Goodwin sole executor, revoking all former wills. The will was signed at St Helena on 12 January 1745, and signed, sealed and declared to be her last will, where no stamped paper was to be had, in the presence of the witnesses Samuel Falconer and Wrangham senior. The inventory of the effects of the late Jonathan Doveton was then delivered by the executors, and the appraisers declared on oath that they had valued the goods in the inventory as near the real value as they could according to the best of their judgement. Interpretations The note that the will was declared where no stamped paper was to be had records a real difficulty of a remote island, English law requiring wills and deeds to be written on paper bearing the revenue stamp, a supply the island could not always keep, so the clerk entered the want to excuse the plain paper used. The three named slave children, Job, Patt and Sarah, given with the silver plate to a granddaughter still under age and held by the executor until her majority, treat the slaves and the tankard and spoons alike as chattels reserved and delivered together, the same standing the island's wills give slaves throughout. Margaret Goodwin's leaving the whole residue to her son John while singling out only the granddaughter's legacy marks the ordinary concentration of an estate on the principal heir, the particular gift of slaves and plate to a grandchild set aside before the bulk passed to the son.
428		425	The Inventory of the Effects of the Late Mr Ryder was this day delivered us by the Executors, and the appraisors upon Oath declared that they had Valued the Goods mentioned in the said Inventory as near the real Value as they could according to the Best of their Judgment Finding that the Inventorys of deceased persons Effects here have hitherto never been registred And thinking it highly necessary they should. We this day Ordered that a Book be kept for that purpose, & that the two Inventorys delivered in this Day and all others for the future be carefully registred therein This day we Executed the following Lease to the Executors of the late John Bazett for the Benefitt of his Orphans Vizt Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honourable United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies do hereby demise, grant, Sell and to farm Sett unto Matthew Purling, Samuel Dovoton, John Desfountain, and Richard Beale Executors to the last will and Testament of John Bazett deceased all that peice or parcell of Cabbage Tree Land containing eight Acres & an half Scituate lying & being in Sharks Valley in the East Division of the said Island Butting & Bounding towards the East upon Seven Acres of Land late in the possession of Robert Bolt towards the West upon the Lands late of Samuel Pepys and formerly John Mudge deceased towards the North upon the Lands Late of Isaac Wood Serjeant, and towards the South upon the said John Bazetts deceased own free Lands in the East Division	The inventory of the effects of the late Mr Ryder was then delivered by the executors, and the appraisers declared on oath that they had valued the goods as near the real value as they could according to the best of their judgement. Finding that the inventories of deceased persons effects had until then never been registered, and thinking it highly necessary that they should be, the council ordered that a book be kept for the purpose, and that the two inventories delivered that day and all others in future be carefully registered in it. The council then executed a lease to the executors of the late John Bazett for the benefit of his orphans. The Company granted to Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale, executors to the will of John Bazett deceased, a parcel of cabbage tree land of about eight and a half acres in Sharks Valley, in the east division of the island. The land was bounded east upon seven acres held by Robert Bell, west upon lands late of Samuel Jephry and formerly of John Mudge deceased, north upon lands late of Isaac Wood sergeant, and south upon John Bazett's own freehold lands in the east division. Interpretations The order to keep a register of deceased persons inventories marks a real advance in the island's administration, the council recognising that valuations sworn and delivered but never recorded left no permanent check on how an estate was appraised and divided, so a standing book was set up to preserve them, the two inventories of that day the first entries. The lease to the Bazett executors for the benefit of his orphans continues the council's care over the Bazett estate that ran through 1744, the same executors who had disputed the faggots charge now taking Company land in trust for the orphaned children, the rent and ground held for their benefit until they came of age. The bounding of the parcel against Robert Bell, the late Samuel Jephry and Isaac Wood sergeant places it among the same named holdings of the east division that recur through the leases of these consultations, the island's cultivated ground so closely divided that each new grant is fixed by the tenants on every side.
429		426	Division of the said Island To have and to hold the said hereby demised eight and an half Acres of Land with the appurtenances & every part thereof unto them the said Matthew Purling Samuel Doveton, John Desfountain and Richard Beale their heirs Executors, Administrators or Allowed Assigns from the 25 day of March Last for and during all the time Space and Term of Twenty One Years from thence next ensueing in trust nevertheless and to the use of the Children of the said John Bazett deceased Upon condition that the said Children and each of them their and each of their Heirs Executors, Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall Always bear true faith and Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs and Successors and true faith to the said Honble Company & their Successors and shall Always duly Obey all the Laws Constitutions of the said Island Yielding and paying therefore Yearly and every Year during the said term of twenty one years unto the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Yearly Rent of five Shillings & Acre in at upon the Feast of St Michael the Arch Angell Yearly and upon further Condition that they the said Matthew Purling Samuel Doveton John Desfountain & Richard Beale their Heirs Executors, Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall and do keep and Maintain the said demised Lands & fences in good Heart and repair when and as often as need shall require so that the whole premises and every part thereof shall be Always Tenantable and no ways suffer'd to run to ruin or Decay & shall Also keep up & preserve the Wood and other Trees that now are growing thereon or that shall hereafter be planted, pursuant to the Laws for planting of Wood in that case made & provided, and upon Condition also that they the said Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Desfountain and Richard Beale, shall not sell or any other way Dispose of this Lease	The lease to the Bazett executors continued with its habendum and covenants. The eight and a half acres were granted to Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale, their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from 25 March last, in trust nevertheless and to the use of the children of John Bazett deceased. The grant was made on condition that the children and their successors bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. The tenants were to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. They were further bound to keep the land and its fences in good repair as often as need required, so that the whole premises should always be tenantable and never suffered to run to ruin or decay. They were also to keep up and preserve the wood and other trees then growing on the land or afterwards planted, under the laws for planting wood. A further condition barred them from selling or otherwise disposing of the lease. Interpretations The trust at the heart of this lease is its distinguishing feature, the four executors taking the land not for themselves but to the use of the Bazett children, so the rent and profit of the eight and a half acres were held for the orphans until they came of age, the Company's ordinary tenancy adapted to carry a trust for minors. The covenant to keep up and preserve the wood under the laws for planting wood binds the tenant to the island's standing forestry policy, the same concern that ran through the wood surveys of the 1730s and the planting clauses of the Pledgard lease, the Company using each grant to enforce the growing of timber on an island long stripped of its trees. The dating of the term from 25 March, the old quarter day on which the legal year began, and the Michaelmas rent day fix the tenancy in the traditional English calendar of quarter days, carried unchanged to an island whose seasons ran the opposite way to England's.
430		427	Lease or Interest in the same without the knowledge and Consent of the Governour and Council of this Island In Witness whereof we the said Governour and Council have sett our hands and affixt the Honble Companys Seal in St Helena this fifteenth day of January in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven hundred and forty four and the said Executors Matthew Purling Samuel Doveton John Desfountain & Rich Beale to the other part hath sett their hands and Seals the Day and Year above written (Signd) David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling We this day Executed the following Lease to Mr John Goodwin which was granted him in Consultation the 6 Novr Last Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies do hereby give, grant, sell and to farm lett unto John Goodwin Gentleman all that peice or parcell of Land containing about three Acres, Butting and Bounding North upon the Honble Companys West Land, East upon the Lands of the Late Jonathan Doveton dec and South and West upon Land belonging to the said John Goodwin every part and parcell thereof with the appurtenances to have and to hold the said hereby demised premises & every part & parcell thereof & all and Singular the appurtenances thereunto belonging unto him the said John Goodwin his Heirs Executors, Administrator & Assigns from	The lease to the Bazett executors continued with its habendum and covenants. The eight and a half acres were granted to Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale, their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from 25 March last, in trust nevertheless and to the use of the children of John Bazett deceased. The grant was made on condition that the children and their successors bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. The tenants were to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. They were further bound to keep the land and its fences in good repair as often as need required, so that the whole premises should always be tenantable and never suffered to run to ruin or decay. They were also to keep up and preserve the wood and other trees then growing on the land or afterwards planted, under the laws for planting wood. A further condition barred them from selling or otherwise disposing of the lease. Interpretations The trust at the heart of this lease is its distinguishing feature, the four executors taking the land not for themselves but to the use of the Bazett children, so the rent and profit of the eight and a half acres were held for the orphans until they came of age, the Company's ordinary tenancy adapted to carry a trust for minors. The covenant to keep up and preserve the wood under the laws for planting wood binds the tenant to the island's standing forestry policy, the same concern that ran through the wood surveys of the 1730s and the planting clauses of the Pledgard lease, the Company using each grant to enforce the growing of timber on an island long stripped of its trees. The dating of the term from 25 March, the old quarter day on which the legal year began, and the Michaelmas rent day fix the tenancy in the traditional English calendar of quarter days, carried unchanged to an island whose seasons ran the opposite way to England's.
431		428	from the day of the date of these presents for & during the full term of twenty one Years from hence next ensueing Upon Condition that he the said John Goodwin his Heirs, Executors, Administrators and Assigns, do and shall bear true Faith and Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs and Successors & true faith to them the said Honble Company & their Successors & shall duely obey all the Laws & Constitutions of the said Island & upon condition also that he the said John Goodwin his Heirs Executors, Administrators or Assigns do & shall at the end or Determination of this present Lease leave Yeild up & Surrender in good Order & repair unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns, All the said parcell of Ground with all & Singular the appurtenances thereunto belonging or appurtaining Yeilding & paying therefore Yearly, & every Year during the term hereby Granted unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the sum of one Shilling in at or upon the Feast of St Michaell the Arch Angell Yearly and upon further Condition that he the said John Goodwin his Heirs Executors or Allowed Assigns shall not sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave & Consent of the Govr & Council for the time being In Witness whereof we the said Govr & Council have sett our hands & Affixt the Honble Companys Seal in St Helena this twelfth day of February in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven hundred & forty four and the said John Goodwin to the other part hath sett his hand & Seal the day & Year above Written (Signd) David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling The Steward, Gunner & Steward delivered each their Accounts for the Month of January last wch were examined & Approved & are as follows Vizt Account	This is the close of a further lease to John Goodwin, its opening not shown here, carrying the standard covenants and execution. The land was granted to John Goodwin, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, on condition that he and they bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. At the end of the term he was to yield up the parcel in good order and repair to the Company. He was to pay a yearly rent of 1s at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. A further condition barred him from selling or disposing of the lease without the leave and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 12 February 1745, and John Goodwin set his hand and seal to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. The husband, gunner and steward then each delivered their accounts for the month of January, which were examined and approved. Interpretations The rent of 1s a year on this parcel, against the 5s an acre charged on the Bazett trust land and the Pledgard plantation, marks it as barren or waste ground let at a token sum, the low rate reflecting land of little worth in itself, the same nominal shilling the council had set on John Goodwin's barren waste petition granted in December 1744. The covenant barring sale without the council's consent, standing in every lease of these consultations, gave the Company its continuing control over who held its land, so that no tenant could pass ground to a stranger the board might reject. The delivery of the husband's, gunner's and steward's monthly accounts marks the return of the routine administration after the run of leases and wills, the husband keeping the stock and plantation reckoning, the gunner the ordnance stores and the steward the general provisions, each rendered and passed month by month.
432		429	Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of January 1744 Vizt Bullocks, Cows, Heiffers, Steers, Yearlings & Calves, Bulls, Total, Ewes, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Does, Weathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowles, Chickens & Ducks, Total, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total Remaining 1st Jan: 15, Cows 105, Heiffers 14, Steers 26, Yearlings & Calves 46, Bulls 126, Total 4, Ewes 336, Weathers 86, Lambs 9, Rams 74, Total 3, Does 172, Weathers 143, Kids 32, Rams 170, Total 1, Sows 346, Barrows 20, Shoats 0, Piggs 20, Boars 86, Total 1, Turkeys 127, Fowles 101, Chickens & Ducks 140, Total 393, Geese 40, Horses 13, Mares 7, Total 10, 17 Increas'd in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heiffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings & Calves 0, Bulls 5, Total 0, Ewes 5, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Does 0, Weathers 0, Kids 11, Rams 0, Total 11, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 6, Boars 0, Total 6, Turkeys 20, Fowles 0, Chickens & Ducks 12, Total 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 [Sub-total]: Bullocks 15, Cows 105, Heiffers 14, Steers 26, Yearlings & Calves 46, Bulls 131, Total 4, Ewes 341, Weathers 86, Lambs 9, Rams 74, Total 3, Does 172, Weathers 143, Kids 32, Rams 181, Total 1, Sows 357, Barrows 20, Shoats 0, Piggs 20, Boars 92, Total 1, Turkeys 133, Fowles 121, Chickens & Ducks 140, Total 405, Geese 40, Horses 13, Mares 7, Total 10, 17 Sale in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heiffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings & Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Does 0, Weathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowles 0, Chickens & Ducks 1, Total 9, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Died in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heiffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings & Calves 1, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ewes 1, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Does 0, Weathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 1, Sows 0, Barrows 2, Shoats 0, Piggs 3, Boars 1, Total 4, Turkeys 5, Fowles 0, Chickens & Ducks 0, Total 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Kill'd in Do: Bullocks 0, Cows 1, Heiffers 3, Steers 0, Yearlings & Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ewes 4, Weathers 1, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 1, Does 9, Weathers 9, Kids 3, Rams 0, Total 21, Sows 1, Barrows 0, Shoats 6, Piggs 1, Boars 0, Total 8, Turkeys 7, Fowles 0, Chickens & Ducks 22, Total 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Sent to Ship Oxford: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heiffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings & Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Does 1, Weathers 0, Kids 1, Rams 0, Total 2, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 6, Piggs 1, Boars 0, Total 8, Turkeys 7, Fowles 0, Chickens & Ducks 22, Total 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Sent on Board ye Swift: Bullocks 0, Cows 2, Heiffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings & Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ewes 2, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Does 1, Weathers 0, Kids 1, Rams 0, Total 2, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 10, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 10, Turkeys 6, Fowles 24, Chickens & Ducks 0, Total 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 [Sub-total]: Bullocks 15, Cows 103, Heiffers 9, Steers 26, Yearlings & Calves 46, Bulls 132, Total 4, Ewes 334, Weathers 85, Lambs 9, Rams 74, Total 3, Does 171, Weathers 132, Kids 23, Rams 176, Total 1, Sows 332, Barrows 18, Shoats 0, Piggs 4, Boars 89, Total 1, Turkeys 112, Fowles 107, Chickens & Ducks 111, Total 369, Geese 40, Horses 13, Mares 7, Total 10, 17 Rec'd from ye Swift: Bullocks 0, Cows 0, Heiffers 0, Steers 0, Yearlings & Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Does 0, Weathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 1, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 10, Fowles 0, Chickens & Ducks 11, Total 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Advanced: Bullocks 6, Cows 4, Heiffers 6, Steers 0, Yearlings & Calves 0, Bulls 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Does 0, Weathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Barrows 2, Shoats 31, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowles 0, Chickens & Ducks 0, Total 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0 Remaining: Bullocks 21, Cows 108, Heiffers 11, Steers 20, Yearlings & Calves 40, Bulls 130, Total 4, Ewes 334, Weathers 85, Lambs 9, Rams 74, Total 3, Does 171, Weathers 132, Kids 23, Rams 176, Total 1, Sows 332, Barrows 19, Shoats 2, Piggs 33, Boars 68, Total 1, Turkeys 123, Fowles 107, Chickens & Ducks 111, Total 369, Geese 40, Horses 13, Mares 7, Total 10, 17 Beef to the Swift 601 lb Do Expended in the Castle 376 lb Pork expen in Do 523 lb Yams Expended 25000 lb Gunner	This is the husband's monthly stock account for January 1745, set out in a grid, the headings running neat cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses. Reading against the December 1744 stock table in the reference confirms the column identities carried down onto each figure. Account of the Company's stock of neat cattle etc for the month of January 1745 Remaining 31 December: 15 bullocks, 105 cows, 14 heifers, 26 steers, 46 yearling calves, 126 calves, 4 bulls, total 336 neat cattle; 86 ewes, 9 wethers, 74 lambs, 3 rams, total 172 sheep; 143 sows, 32 wethers, 170 kids, 1 ram, total 346 goats; 20 sows, 0 barrows, 20 shoats, 86 pigs, 1 boar, total 127 hogs; 101 turkeys, 140 fowls, 39 chickens, 40 ducks, 13 geese, 7 pigeons, total 340 poultry; 17 horses Increased: 5 calves, total 5 neat cattle; 11 kids, total 11 goats; 6 pigs, total 6 hogs; 20 chickens, 12 ducks poultry Total: 15 bullocks, 105 cows, 14 heifers, 26 steers, 46 yearling calves, 131 calves, 4 bulls, total 341 neat cattle; 86 ewes, 9 wethers, 74 lambs, 3 rams, total 172 sheep; 143 sows, 32 wethers, 181 kids, 1 ram, total 357 goats; 20 sows, 0 barrows, 20 shoats, 92 pigs, 1 boar, total 133 hogs; 121 turkeys, 140 fowls, 405 chickens, 40 ducks, 13 geese, 7 pigeons, total poultry; 17 horses Killed: 1 calf, total 1 neat cattle; 1 pig, total 1 hog; 9 chickens poultry Died: 1 calf, total 1 neat cattle; 1 sow, total 1 hog; 2 pigs, total 3 hogs; 1 turkey, 4 chickens poultry Cut: 1 heifer, 3 heifers, total 4 neat cattle; 1 kid, 9 wethers, 9 total 3 goats, 21 total; 1 sow, 6 pigs, 1 total 8 hogs; 7 chickens, 22 total poultry Sold to ship Oxford: 1 sow, 1 wether, 2 goats Sent on board the Swift: 2 steers, total 2 neat cattle; 1 sow, 1 wether, 2 goats; 10 pigs, 10 hogs; 6 chickens, 24 total poultry Total: 15 bullocks, 101 cows, 9 heifers, 26 steers, 46 yearling calves, 130 calves, 4 bulls, total 334 neat cattle; 85 ewes, 9 wethers, 74 lambs, 3 rams, total 171 sheep; 132 sows, 23 wethers, 176 kids, 1 ram, total 332 goats; 18 sows, 0 barrows, 4 shoats, 89 pigs, 1 boar, total 112 hogs; 107 turkeys, 111 fowls, 369 chickens, 40 ducks, 13 geese, 7 pigeons, total poultry; 17 horses Received from the Swift: 1 sow hog, 10 pigs, 11 total; 6 chickens, 11 poultry Advanced: 6 bullocks, 4 cows, 6 heifers; 2 sows, 3 shoats hogs Remaining: 21 bullocks, 108 cows, 11 heifers, 20 steers, 40 yearling calves, 130 calves, 4 bulls, total 334 neat cattle; 85 ewes, 9 wethers, 74 lambs, 3 rams, total 171 sheep; 132 sows, 23 wethers, 176 kids, 1 ram, total 332 goats; 19 sows, 2 barrows, 33 shoats, 68 pigs, 1 boar, total 123 hogs; 107 turkeys, 111 fowls, 369 chickens, 40 ducks, 13 geese, 7 pigeons, total poultry; 17 horses Beef to the Swift, 601 lb Beef expended in the castle, 376 lb Pork expended in the castle, 523 lb Yams expended, 25,000 Interpretations The mange that had run through the autumn and winter is now gone from the figures. The December 1744 account carried one mangy goat killed and buried with the distemper still present though suppressed, and against that the January goat total holds steady with no diseased animal recorded, the killing of the twenty-odd infected goats in the ranges the previous Thursday having evidently cleared it. The neat cattle stand where they have stood through the year, the herd moving only by ordinary breeding, slaughter and the drafts to the shipping rather than by any sharp loss, so the backward seasons and cattle scarcity that troubled the earlier 1740s do not show here. The drain to the shipping is the month's largest movement, cattle, sheep, goats, hogs and poultry sent aboard the Swift for her homeward run and sold to the Oxford, the live provision an Indiaman drew from the Company's herds, the same demand the Swift's arrival and the Oxford's account elsewhere in these consultations record. Against a hog total that had sat near 127 the pigs fall away under the killing, cutting and the ten sent aboard the Swift, the swine being the readiest meat to spare where the cattle were kept for breeding, which the provision below bears out, 601 lb of beef to the Swift and 523 lb of pork against 376 lb of beef eaten in the castle. The 25,000 yams expended measure the bulk root crop feeding both garrison and slaves, and set beside the March 1743 husband's account, which carried 29,000 lb of yams, the figure marks the steady draw on the yam grounds the year's plantation labour tended, the island's staple against the shipping's demand and its own establishment alike.
433		430	Gunners Stores Expended in January 1744 Vizt Guns fird, A 3, 9, [...], Powder Expended [...] 3 Fired to Salute the Supercargoes of the Oxford: 9, ", 9, ", 9 Do Departed the Oxford Capt Smith: 9, ", 9, ", 9 17 An Alarm: 6, 2, 2, 2, 13 18 Fired to Salute the Swift Capt Stevens: 9, ", 9, ", 9 Powder Delivered to Mr Newis: [...], ", [...], ", 63 Powder Expended for priming: [...], ", [...], ", 3 Powder for the Recruits to Exercise: [...], ", [...], ", 21½ Powder for Exercizing on the Parade: [...], ", [...], ", 50 Total: 33, 2, 2, 27, 2, 177½ Fuzees 2 Paper 9 Quire Match 7 Aseltres 4 Spunge Staff 1 Hand Spike 2 (Signd) John French	This is the gunner's account of stores expended in January 1745, set out in a grid, the second image showing the column headings: guns fired, then the classes of gun by the weight of shot, four pounders, three pounders, two pounders and half pounders, followed by the powder expended. Reading against the earlier gunner's returns confirms the identities carried onto each figure. Gunner's stores expended in January 1745 3 January, fired to salute the supercargoes of the Oxford: 9 guns fired, 9 two pounders, 9 lb powder Departed the Oxford, Captain Smith: 9 guns fired, 9 two pounders, 9 lb powder 17 January, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 9 four pounders, 2 three pounders, 2 two pounders, 13 lb powder 18 January, fired to salute the Swift, Captain Steevens: 9 guns fired, 9 two pounders, 9 lb powder Powder delivered to Mr Norris, 63 lb Powder expended for priming, 3 lb Powder for the recruits to exercise, 21.5 lb Powder for exercising on the parade, 50 lb Total: 33 guns fired, 9 four pounders, 2 three pounders, 27 two pounders, 2 half pounders, 177.5 lb powder Truck, 2 Paper, 9 quire Match, 7 Axletrees, 4 Sponge staff, 1 Hand spikes, 2 The account was signed John French. Interpretations The powder is spent almost wholly on ceremony and training rather than defence, the salutes to the Oxford and the Swift and the drill on the parade and by the recruits accounting for the bulk, the single alarm of 17 January the only firing that answered a real approach. The salutes are built from the two pounders, the smallest pieces of the battery, exactly the economy the earlier returns show, the least powder reserved for compliment so that the store was not wasted on ceremony, while the alarm drew on the heavier four and three pounders that a genuine warning required. The 63 lb of powder delivered to Mr Norris, much the largest single issue, marks powder passing out of the fort's own store to a ship or an outside charge, set beside the salutes and drill it shows the gunner's month turning far more on supply and exercise than on any threat to the island, the same quiet run the whole quarter's accounts describe.
434		431	Sundrys Expended in the Month of January 1744 Vizt Port Wine 41 Bottle 2 15 11½ Lisbon Do 22 Do 1 10 " White Cape 2 Do " 2 9 Red Do 10 Do " 13 9 Madera 4 Do " 6 " Goa Arrack 19¾ Gallons 2 1 8¾ Batavia Do 20⅞ Do 2 3 ¾ Strong Beer 77 Bottles 2 17 9 Candy 32 lb " 10 " Sugar 30 lb " 6 3 Flower 378 lb 1 16 1¼ Butter 30¾ lb 2 10 9 Cheese 7 lb " 7 " Fresh Beef 39 lb 4 14 " Sheep 1 1 " " Kidds 1 " 5 " Piggs 1 " 5 " Turkeys 9 1 15 " Fowles 22 1 2 " Salt Pork 16 pieces 1 9 1 Salt Beef 9 Do " 11 9 Florence Oil 4 Bottles " 10 " Salt 1 Bushell " 5 10 Pepper 1 lb " 5 6 Goats 18 7 4 " Hoggs 9 wt 523 13 1 6 £30 4 11½	This is the account of sundries expended at the general table in January 1745. Sundries expended in the month of January 1745 Port wine, 41 bottles, £2 15s 11.5d Lisbon, 22 bottles, £1 10s 0d White Cape, 2 bottles, £0 2s 9d Red Cape, 10 bottles, £0 13s 9d Madeira, 4 bottles, £0 6s 0d Goa arrack, 19.75 gallons, £2 1s 8.5d Batavia arrack, 20.75 gallons, £2 3s 2.5d Strong beer, 77 bottles, £2 17s 9d Candy, 32 lb, £0 10s 0d Sugar, 30 lb, £0 6s 3d Flour, 37 lb, £1 16s 1.5d Butter, 30.25 lb, £2 10s 9d Cheese, 7 lb, £0 7s 0d Fresh beef, 376 lb, £4 14s 0d Sheep, 1, £1 0s 0d Pride, 1, £0 5s 0d Pigs, 1, £0 5s 0d Turkeys, 9, £1 15s 0d Fowls, 22, £1 2s 0d Salt pork, 16 pieces, £1 9s 1d Salt beef, 9 pieces, £0 11s 9d Florence oil, 4 bottles, £0 10s 0d Salt, 1 bushel, £0 5s 10d Pepper, 1 lb, £0 0s 6d Goats, 18 weighing 6, £7 4s 0d Hogs, 9 weighing 523, £13 1s 6d Total, £50 4s 11.5d Interpretations The wine dominates the table's drink, port, Lisbon, Cape, Madeira and strong beer together far outweighing the two arracks, marking the general table of the Governor and council as furnished with the imported European wines that the diet accounts elsewhere show entered at a good price, a fare set well above the plain arrack ration issued to the garrison and slaves. The fresh beef at 376 lb answers exactly the beef expended in the castle recorded in the same month's stock account, the two records confirming each other on what the establishment ate, so the sundries account draws its meat straight from the herds the husband's reckoning tracks. The eighteen goats and nine hogs killed for the table, at £7 4s and £13 1s 6d, are the heaviest lines after the beef, marking the goat and swine flocks as the table's ready meat, the same animals the stock account shows falling under the month's slaughter and cutting while the cattle were kept back for breeding.
435		432	Dr Cash Per Contra Cr 1744 Jan 1st To Ballance remaining 2102 14 10¾ To Cash rec'd from John Bund Esq for two Goats one Kidd 1 " " Jan 6 By Cash pd Tho Barber on Account for Cloth made by him by Order of the late Govr Powell for the Honble Company 10 " " 14 17 By Cash pd Edw Danfield for coming Express with an Account of a Ship to windward " 5 " By Cash pd Mr Chris Dixon for so much given by him to ye Butcher of ye Swift Snow upon ye delivery of a Sow & Piggs " 10 " By Ballance of Cash rem'g Jan 31 in the following Species Vizt 437 Pagodas at 9 ea 196 13 " 29 Venetians 10 ea 14 10 " 20 Gubbers 6 ea 6 " " 1 Large peice Gold wt 14.15.14 at £3.18.3 pr oz 46 1 8½ 4 Small peice Do wt 3.9.12 at £3.18. pr oz 13 11 ½ ¼ of a Modore " 6 9 ⅛ of a Joannes " 4 6 ½ of a Gold Rupee " 15 " Gold in their Several Species amounting to 278 2 " 4841 Dollars at 5/ 1210 5 " 20 half Dollars 2/6 2 10 " 228 doub ryalls 1/3 14 5 " 118 Ryalls 7½ 3 13 9 3343 half ryalls 4.3¾ 52 1 8½ half Ducatoon & " 3 " 441 French peices at 2 ea 3 13 6 Odd Mony " 2 11 Silver Amounting to 1286 17 10½ 180 Cash Notes at 2/6 20 " " 262 Do 5/ 65 " " 153 Do 20/ 153 " " 145 Do 40/ 290 " " Cash Notes Amounting to 528 " " £2103 14 10¾ £2103 14 10¾	This is the cash account for January 1745, the debit side on the left and the credit side per contra on the right, the closing balance set out coin by coin. The debit side opened with the balance remaining and a small receipt. Cash, debtor, 1745 1 January, to balance remaining, £2,102 14s 10.5d To cash received from John Brund for two goats and one shoat, £1 0s 0d Total, £2,103 14s 10.5d The credit side per contra recorded the disbursements and the balance carried forward. Per contra, credit 16 January, by cash paid Thomas Barker on account for cloth made by him by order of the late Governor Powell for the Company, £10 0s 0d 17 January, by cash paid Edward Dunfield for coming express with an account of a ship to windward, £0 5s 0d By cash paid Christopher Dixon for so much given by him to the butcher of the Swift snow upon the delivery of a sow and pigs, £0 10s 0d By balance of cash remaining 31 January in the following species 437 pagodas, £196 13s 0d 29 venetians, £14 10s 0d 20 gubbers, £6 0s 0d 1 large piece gold weighing 4 ounces 15 pennyweight 14 grains at £3 18s 3d the ounce, £46 1s 8.5d 1 small piece gold weighing 3 ounces 9 pennyweight 12 grains at £3 18s 3d the ounce, £13 11s 1.5d 0.25 of a moidore, £0 6s 9d 0.125 of a johannes, £0 4s 6d 0.5 of a gold rupee, £0 15s 0d Gold in their several species amounting to, £278 2s 0d 4,841 dollars at 5s, £1,210 5s 0d 20 half dollars at 2s 6d, £2 10s 0d 228 double reals at 1s 3d, £14 5s 0d 118 reals at 7.5d, £3 13s 9d 3,343 half reals at 3.75d, £52 4s 8.5d half ducatoon, £0 3s 0d 441 French pieces at 2d each, £3 13s 6d odd money, £0 2s 11d Silver amounting to, £1,286 17s 10.5d 160 cash notes at 2s 6d, £20 0s 0d 262 cash notes at 5s, £65 0s 0d 153 cash notes at 20s, £153 0s 0d 145 cash notes at 40s, £290 0s 0d Cash notes amounting to, £528 0s 0d Total, £2,103 14s 10.5d Interpretations The two payments touching the Swift, ten shillings given by Dixon to her butcher on the delivery of a sow and pigs, and the receipt on the debit side of a pound from John Brund for two goats and a shoat, tie the cash directly to the same stock movements the husband's January account records, so the money and the animals are tracked in step through the two books. Thomas Barker's £10 for cloth made under the late Governor Powell settles the very claim the council had heard a few consultations earlier and agreed to answer against the Company's direction, the debt from Powell's disordered private manufacturing now paid off from the island's cash. The balance is again the mixed specie of three continents, the Spanish silver dollar its great bulk at 4,841 coins, alongside Indian gold, Portuguese johannes and moidores, Venetian sequins, gubbers and French pieces, with £528 in the Company's own cash notes graded by denomination, the whole showing the island reckoning every gold and silver coin the shipping brought into a single sterling account beside its own paper credit.
436		433	The Accomptant this day laid before us the Journal parcells for the Month of January last which were examined and Ordered to be entered. The following proposal was made to the persons concerned in the Goat Range called Deads Gut where the young Eboney Grows Vizt. That they should in order to preserve the young Eboney kill those Goats which range there [...] and if it was found afterwards that the Eboney did not grow as Expected That then they now the possessors of the said Range, should be permitted to raise goats therein again (and no one else) after the Expiration of four Years. David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling	The accountant laid before the council the journal parcels for the month of January, which were examined and ordered to be entered. A proposal was then made to the persons concerned in the goat range called Peak Gut, where the young ebony grows. It was proposed that, in order to preserve the young ebony, they should kill the goats that ranged there. If it were found afterwards that the ebony did not grow as expected, the holders of the range should then be permitted to raise goats there again, and no one else, after the expiration of four years. The proposal was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. Interpretations The proposal sets a clear conservation aim against the island's grazing, the young ebony being one of St Helena's native woods that the goats browsed down as they browsed the gumwood and the rest, so the council weighed the preservation of the trees against the tenants' use of the range and offered to clear the goats for a trial period. The four-year term with the promise that the holders alone might restock if the ebony failed marks a careful bargain, the council giving the tenants a reserved right to resume their grazing rather than taking the range outright, so the wood policy was pressed without simply overriding the men who held the ground. Peak Gut and the ebony carry forward the goat-range business that ran through the autumn consultations, the council having in December 1744 particularly asked the planters their opinion on the growth of young ebony on the ranges, the matter now resolved into a concrete order after the diseased goats had been killed off across the island.
437		434	At a consultation held on the 19th february 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Lt Govr Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4 offoined Matthew Purling 5 The last Consultation was read and approved On Examining the Honble Companys instructions according to a resolution taken in Consultation the 29 of January last, relating to the renewal of Leases. We cannot see any Orders against renewing them when expired: But find that the Honble Company gave possitive Orders to their Governour & Council in a Letter dated the 17 Aprill 1741 to Grant no Leases for more than Twentyone Years, and to call in all such as were for a longer Term. This was repeated again in a Late Letter notwithstanding which, several Leases have been Granted upon Lives, and some for Ninety Nine Years, which we found on examining the Lease Book. And upon further examination we find the Planters have sold their Lease Land, one to another and Seldom made any Assignment or registered those several Leases have been in the possession of two or three people without a Assignment, so that we could not be certain whether the Inhabitants gave in a true Account of their Lands at September Last without Calling the Leases in and Examining them	A consultation was held at the castle on 19 February 1745, present Colonel David Dunbar the Governor, Captain Charles Hutchinson the Lieutenant Governor, Christopher Dixon third of council, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth. The previous consultation was read and approved. The council examined the Company's instructions on the renewal of leases, following its resolution of 29 January. It could find no orders against renewing leases when expired, but found that the Company had given positive orders to the Governor and council, in a letter dated 17 April 1741, to grant no leases for more than twenty-one years and to call in all leases that ran for a longer term. This had been repeated in a later letter, yet notwithstanding, several leases had been granted upon lives and some for ninety-nine years, which the council found on examining the lease book. On further examination the council found that the planters had sold their leases one to another and seldom made any assignment or registered them, so that several leases had been in the possession of two or three people without any assignment. The council therefore could not be certain whether the inhabitants had given a true account of their lands the previous September without calling the leases in and examining them. Interpretations The council's examination brings to a head the lease question that had run through the January and February consultations, the Company's standing order of 17 April 1741 fixing a twenty-one-year ceiling and requiring the recall of longer terms, the very rule that had made earlier boards defer leases on lives, now found breached by grants on lives and for ninety-nine years already on the island's books. The discovery that planters had sold leases to one another without assignment or registration exposes a real disorder in the island's land records, the same want of a register that had just moved the council to open a book for inventories, so that the ownership of ground could not be told from the lease book alone. The doubt cast on the inhabitants September account of their lands points toward a general calling-in and examination of leases, the council moving from case-by-case renewals to a wholesale review, its authority as the Company's landlord pressed against a tenantry that had let its titles fall into confusion.
438		435	Upon which it was agreed to publish an Advertizement, That all persons who hold Lands by Lease of the Honble Company were required to bring them to the Secretarys Office on or before the 28 Instant. We this day rec the following Petition from Mr John Goodwin and Mr James Powell Vizt To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr Govr & Council of St Helena The Humble petition of John Goodwin & James Powell Sheweth, That Your petitioners being Jointly Concernd in a Lease for Land, which is now expired pray'th that the same may be renewed to Your petitioners upon the usual terms And Your petitioners will ever pray St Helena 19th feby 1744 (Signd) John Goodwin James Powell. The Lands mentioned in the above petition being Cabbage Tree Land called so from a kind of wood that Grows thereon proper for Lathe and Rafters, which are often wanted by the Honble Company, and when bought of the planters come very dear, they having paid but a few Months past near forty pounds for such necessarys all that sort of Land having been Leased to the planters by former Governours without reserving any for the Companys use, We thinking this a very great abuse thereupon came to the following resolution	On the lease question the council agreed to publish an advertisement, requiring all persons who held lands by lease of the Company to bring them to the secretary's office on or before 26 February. The council then received a petition from John Goodwin and James Powell, addressed to Governor Dunbar and the council. They set out that they were jointly concerned in a lease of land now expired, and asked that it be renewed to them on the usual terms. Their petition, dated 19 February 1745, was signed John Goodwin and James Powell. The land in the petition was cabbage tree land, so called from a kind of wood that grew on it fit for laths and rafters, which the Company often wanted and, when bought of the planters, came very dear, the Company having paid within a few months near forty pounds for such necessaries. All that sort of land had been leased to the planters by former Governors without reserving any for the Company's own use. Thinking this a very great abuse, the council came to a resolution upon it. Interpretations The advertisement calling in every Company lease to the secretary's office turns the disorder the council had just uncovered into a general review, the board moving from renewing leases one by one to demanding the whole tenantry produce its titles for examination, so the confusion of unregistered and over-long leases could at last be reckoned. The cabbage tree land is the point on which the council balks, the same laths and rafters the year's building accounts show the Company buying dear from the planters, near forty pounds in a few months, when the timber grew on ground former Governors had let out without keeping any back for the Company's own works. The council's calling this a very great abuse marks a shift in its view of the island's land, from a landlord simply collecting rents to one that must reserve the ground bearing useful timber, the same wood policy that ran through the planting covenants of the leases now pressed against the past improvidence of granting away the very land that supplied the fort.
439		436	That when any of the Leases for Cabbage Tree Land are renewed a clause shall be inserted, that they are not to be Vaild except the Honble Company approve of them Upon those conditions the two Leases were Granted to be renewed. Mr James Greentree presented the following petition Vizt To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr Govr & Council of St Helena The Humble petition of James Greentree Sheweth, That Your petitioner having possession of a parcell of Lease Land belonging to the Honble Company which was lett unto Joseph Bates who upon his leaving the Island petitioned the Hon Governour & Council that I might become tennant for the same which petition was Granted, the Lease being now expired prays that the same may be renewed upon the usual terms And Your petitioner as in Duty bound will ever pray St Helena feby 19 1744 (Signd) James Greentree On Examining the Lease Book no such Lease was found, whereupon deferrd Granting one untill further examination could be made about it	The council resolved that when any of the leases for cabbage tree land were renewed, a clause should be inserted that the timber was not to be felled except the Company approved of it. On those conditions the two leases to John Goodwin and James Powell were granted to be renewed. James Greentree then presented a petition, addressed to Governor Dunbar and the council. He set out that he held a parcel of leasehold land belonging to the Company which had been let to Joseph Bates, who on leaving the island had petitioned the then Governor and council to become tenant of it, which was granted. The lease being now expired, Greentree asked that it be renewed on the usual terms. His petition, dated 19 February 1745, was signed James Greentree. On examining the lease book no such lease was found, whereupon the council deferred granting one until further examination could be made about it. Interpretations The clause reserving the felling of cabbage tree timber to the Company's approval is the council's practical answer to the abuse it had just named, keeping the land in the tenant's hands for farming while binding him not to cut the laths and rafters the Company wanted without its leave, so the timber that grew on leased ground was in effect reserved to the fort without the ground being taken back. Greentree's petition failing for want of any lease in the book is a fresh instance of the very disorder the calling-in of leases was meant to cure, the tenant claiming a title through Joseph Bates that the register could not confirm, so the council deferred rather than grant on his word alone. The refusal to renew until the matter could be examined marks the council now holding firmly to the record against the tenants unsupported claims, the same caution it showed over the Doveton lease and Wrangham's fourth, the lease book made the test of a title where the planters own dealings had left it uncertain.
440		437	It was proposed to the Inhabitants at the last quarter Sessions that an Order would be necessary to be made, to prevent Blacks carrying Loads without a Ticket from their Master whereby they would be in a great measure hindered robing them, which is so often the case here, yett no Notice was ever taken of this proposall On Sunday Night last nine of the planters Slaves run away with the Honble Companys Boat which was left here by Captain Stevens last January (tho the Rudder Sails and Oars where on Shore) This day we made the following Order and published it Vizt St Helena 19 february 1744 This is to give Notice to all the Inhabitants of this Island that no Blacks be suffered to carry any Loads to the Valley or to any Landing place without a Ticket from their Masters specifying therein the quantity & Sorts so carryed & the Blacks Name and if any Blacks shall be seen with Loads by any white man without such Ticket he is desired to apprehend & bring him before any of the Council with the said Loads And it is further Ordered that no Blacks shall be permitted to go any where on a Sunday without a Ticket upon any pretence whatever Mr John Scott being Indebted to the Honble Company in the sum of Twenty nine pounds Ten Shillings, which hath been of long standing, and hearing he intended to sell his Effects in the Country	At the last quarter court the inhabitants had been told that an order would be needed to prevent slaves carrying loads without a ticket from their masters, which would in great measure hinder them from robbing, too often the case on the island, yet no notice had been taken of the proposal. On the previous Sunday night nine of the planters slaves had run away with the Company's boat left on the island by Captain Steevens the past January, though the rudder, sails and oars were on shore. The council then made and published an order, dated at St Helena 19 February 1745. Notice was given to all the inhabitants that no slave be allowed to carry any load to the valley or to any landing place without a ticket from his master specifying the quantity and sort carried and naming the slave. Any white man seeing a slave with a load and no such ticket was desired to apprehend him and bring him before a councillor with the load. It was further ordered that no slave be permitted to go anywhere on a Sunday without a ticket, upon any pretence whatever. John Scott stood indebted to the Company in £29 10s, a debt of long standing, and the council, hearing he intended to sell his effects in the country. Interpretations The ticket order sets up a pass system to control the movement of the island's slaves, the written ticket naming the slave and his load turning any white inhabitant into an enforcer who might stop and arrest a slave found carrying goods without one, a measure of social control aimed at theft that bound the whole free population to the policing of the enslaved. The flight of nine slaves with the Company's boat is the immediate spur, an attempt at mass escape by sea foiled only because the rudder, sails and oars had been kept ashore, which shows both the desperation the system bred and the precautions the Company already took against it, the Sunday restriction added to close the day of least oversight. John Scott's £29 10s debt of long standing is the same sum recorded against him in the reference, the council moving to secure its money before he could sell up and put his effects beyond reach, the ordinary way it protected a debt when a debtor seemed about to remove his property.
441		438	Country and live in the Valley it was thereupon Ordered That Mr Dixon and Mr Goodwin should go at the time of Sale and Secure the Companys Debt in the best manner they could. David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling At a Consultation held on the 26 feby 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Charles Hutchinson Lt Govr Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4 of Council Matthew Purling 5 The last Consultation was read & approved. Mr John Goodwin this day presented the following petition Vizt To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr Govr & Council The Humble petition of John Goodwin Sheweth, That Your petitioner being possesed of twelve Acres	The council ordered, John Scott intending to sell his effects in the country and live in the valley, that Dixon and Goodwin should go at the time of the sale and secure the Company's debt in the best manner they could. The order was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. A consultation was held at the castle on 26 February 1745, present Colonel David Dunbar the Governor, Captain Charles Hutchinson the Lieutenant Governor, Christopher Dixon third of council, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth. The previous consultation was read and approved. John Goodwin presented a petition, addressed to Governor Dunbar and the council. He set out that he held twelve acres. Interpretations The order sending Dixon and Goodwin to the sale of Scott's effects marks the ordinary means by which the council secured a debt against a debtor about to remove his property, two councillors attending in person to see the Company's £29 10s satisfied out of the proceeds before the goods passed to other hands. Scott's plan to sell up in the country and move into the valley is the very circumstance that made the debt urgent, a debtor shifting his residence and turning his effects to cash being the point at which a creditor had to act to keep the money within reach. The appointment of two members of the board to attend rather than leaving the matter to the marshal shows the weight the council gave to recovering its own money, the same close attention to the Company's debts that ran through the year's audits and the pressing of the tradesmen's arrears into the cash.
442		439	Acres of Leasehold Land lying contiguous to Mr Richard Goodwin prays that he may have Libbrty to dispose of the same to him, for the Term in the said Lease. And Your petitioner will ever pray St Helena 26 february 1744 (Signd) John Goodwin Granted Mr Joshua Worrall presented the following petition Vizt To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr Govr & Council of Saint Helena The Humble petition of Joshua Worrall Sheweth, That Your petitioner having three Leases expired, Your petitioner therefore humbly prays that Your Worship and Council will Grant him new Leases and Your petitioner as in Duty bound will ever pray 29 february 1744 (Signd) Joshua Worrall Granted Two of these Leases commenced in the Years 1713 & 14 and Dated upon the Back in August 1726 which Deceived him and was the Sole reason of his not renewing them sooner. Lieutenant James Scott presented the following Petition Vizt To	John Goodwin's petition set out that he held twelve acres of leasehold land lying next to Richard Goodwin, and asked leave to dispose of it to Richard Goodwin for the term remaining in the lease. His petition, dated 26 February 1745, was signed John Goodwin, and granted. Joshua Worrall then presented a petition, addressed to Governor Dunbar and the council. He set out that he held three leases which had expired, and asked that new leases be granted him. His petition, dated 29 February 1745, was signed Joshua Worrall, and granted. Two of the leases had begun in the years 1713 and 1714 and were dated on the back in August 1726, which had deceived him and was the sole reason he had not renewed them sooner. Lieutenant James Scott then presented a petition. Interpretations John Goodwin's leave to dispose of his twelve acres to Richard Goodwin marks the assignment of a lease that the council granted openly, the very transfer the board had found the planters making secretly and without record, so here the sale of a leasehold is done with the council's consent and entered in the minutes rather than passing off the books. Worrall's explanation, that two of his leases from 1713 and 1714 had been dated on the back in 1726 and so misled him as to when they ran out, is a concrete instance of the confusion in the island's lease dates that the general calling-in was meant to clear, the muddled endorsement being why the tenant had let his term lapse without knowing it. The council's ready renewal on that account shows it distinguishing a tenant genuinely deceived by a clerical muddle from one who had simply let a title slide, the same case-by-case judgement it applied throughout the run of lease petitions once the Company's twenty-one-year rule was fixed in view.
443		440	To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr Govr & Council of the Island St Helena The Humble petition of James & Martha Scott Sheweth, That there being two small pieces of Leasehold Ground Adjoyning to the Yard of her Dwelling House in James's Valley and thinking that it will be an Advantage to us to Dispose of them, Your petitioners therefore humbly pray, that Your Worship and Council will be pleased to Grant us Liberty to sell them and Accept of Samuel Doveton Tenant to the Honble Company for the same. And Your petitioners will ever pray &c St Helena 26 feby 1744/5 (Signd) James Scott Martha Scott Granted Liberty to Dispose of that part which was held by Lease for Twenty one Years, The other being for Ninety Nine Years Ordered That it should remain as it is untill the Honble Companys pleasure be known Concerning such Leases. David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling	James and Martha Scott presented a petition, addressed to Governor Dunbar and the council. They set out that there were two small pieces of leasehold ground adjoining the yard of their dwelling house in James Valley, which they thought it would be to their advantage to dispose of, and asked leave to sell them and that Samuel Doveton be accepted as tenant to the Company for the same. Their petition, dated 26 February 1745, was signed James Scott and Martha Scott. The council granted leave to dispose of that part held by lease for twenty-one years, but as to the other, held for ninety-nine years, ordered that it should remain as it was until the Company's pleasure on such leases should be known. The order was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. Interpretations The council's splitting of the two parcels marks the twenty-one-year rule now being applied in earnest, the piece held on the lawful term freely allowed to be sold and reassigned, while the piece held for ninety-nine years was frozen, neither transfer approved nor lease renewed until the Company itself directed what to do with the over-long terms its standing order forbade. The ninety-nine-year lease is one of the very grants the board had found in the lease book breaching the 1741 instruction, so the Scotts petition catches the general problem at a single holding, the council unable to deal with the parcel until London ruled on the leases already granted against its own rule. That the council would not simply void the long lease but held it as it stood pending the Company's pleasure shows it treating the existing tenants fairly even while enforcing the rule going forward, unwilling to strip a title lawfully granted by a former Governor without express authority from home.
444		441	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 5 March 1744 at the Castle. Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Lt Govr Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4 of Council Matthew Purling 5 The last Consultation was read and approved Agreeable to an Order in Consultation of the 19 of february last Mr Dixon and Mr Goodwin attended at the Sale made by John Scott of his Effects, and then demanded the money due to the Honble Company which he paid in the following manner Vizt Received in Cash £20.18. Two Steers Cost 8.12. 29.10. Mr Wright this day presented the following petition Vizt To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr Govr & Council of Saint Helena The Humble petition of Robert Wright Sheweth, That Your petitioner by Lease dated 4 february 1717 is possessed of five Acres of Land in Sandy Bay during the Lives of Martha Worrall John Worrall and Sarah Worrall renewable on	A consultation was held at the castle on Tuesday 5 March 1745, present Colonel David Dunbar the Governor, Captain Charles Hutchinson the Lieutenant Governor, Christopher Dixon third of council, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth. The previous consultation was read and approved. Following the order of 19 February, Dixon and Goodwin attended at the sale John Scott made of his effects and demanded the money due to the Company, which he paid as follows. Received in cash, £20 18s 0d Two steers cut, £8 12s 0d Total, £29 10s 0d Robert Wright then presented a petition, addressed to Governor Dunbar and the council. He set out that by a lease dated 4 February 1717 he held five acres of land in Sandy Bay during the lives of Martha Worrall, John Worrall and Sarah Worrall, renewable. Interpretations The recovery of Scott's £29 10s marks the successful close of the debt the council had moved to secure a fortnight earlier, the two councillors attending the sale in person and taking payment partly in cash and partly in two steers, the beast being accepted as good as coin in an island economy where stock served as currency. The taking of two castrated steers at £8 12s toward a sterling debt shows how far cattle stood in for money on St Helena, the same animals the stock accounts value and move being handed over at an agreed price to make up a shortfall in coin. Wright's lease on the lives of three of the Worralls, held since 1717 and renewable, is another of the lives-leases the council had found breaching the Company's twenty-one-year rule, so his petition brings the same lease question before the board again, a title lawful when granted now caught by the standing order against terms longer than twenty-one years.
445		442	on the Deaths of either or any of the aforesaid Nominees wherein it is specefied as a reason for their granting it on Lives that Capt Cavendishe the Lessor was first perswaded had been at more than Ordinary Expence in Funding & Improving the said Land & Capt Josep Alexander from whom Yr Petitioner had it (finds a save 5.10) have Particularly on Acct of its being on Lives that the said Martha Worrall & Sarah Worrall are since dead Your Petitioner therefore Humbly Prays that the Names of Your Petitioner & Wifey his Wife may be granted in the Room of the said Martha and Sarah Worrall &c & a Lease Granted him Accordingly And Your Petitioner shall ever pray &c R Wright Mr Wright was called in and told that his petition could not be Granted, but remain as it is untill a State of such Leases be laid before the Company and their pleasure known thereupon The Storekeeper reports that upon examining a Cask of Salt received from the Swift Captain Stevens he found instead of its being full, that it had in it no more than one Bushell and three pecks, which Mr Wrangham his Assistant, and the Cooper who oppined it can Testify. All the Leases being now examined and an Abstract taken of them Ordered	The petition of Robert Wright continued. His lease was renewable on the death of any of the lives named, the reason given for granting it on lives rather than a fixed term being that the first tenant had been at more than ordinary trouble in fencing and improving the land, and that Captain John Alexander, from whom Wright had it, had paid a fine of £3 10s a year, particularly on account of its being on lives. Two of the lives, Martha and Sarah Worrall, were since dead. Wright asked that his own name and his wife's be inserted in place of Martha and Sarah Worrall deceased, and a lease granted him accordingly. His petition was signed R Wright. Wright was called in and told that his petition could not be granted, but should remain as it was until a state of such leases could be laid before the Company and their pleasure known. The storekeeper reported that on examining a cask of salt received from the Swift, Captain Steevens, he found it held, instead of being full, no more than one bushel and three pecks, which Wrangham his assistant and the cooper who opened it could testify. All the leases being now examined, an abstract was taken of them, and ordered. Interpretations Wright's account of why his lease ran on lives, the first tenant's extra trouble in fencing and improving and the yearly fine of £3 10s Alexander had paid for the privilege, shows the lives-lease as a bargain a tenant had paid for and valued, so the council's refusal to renew it, however even-handed in deferring to the Company, fell on a title honestly bought under an earlier and different practice. The council's holding the matter for the Company's pleasure rather than deciding it marks the consistent line it took across every lives-lease and long term through these consultations, unwilling either to strip a lawful holding or to renew one against the standing order, so the whole class of over-long leases now waited on a ruling from London. The short-measure cask of salt from the Swift, one bushel and three pecks instead of a full one, is a small instance of the checking of every consignment against its lading that the year's accounts show throughout, the storekeeper and his witnesses recording the deficiency so the island was charged only for what it truly received.
446		443	Ordered Notice to be given that on Consultation Days the Leases will be returned. David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Purling At a Consultation held on Tuesday 12th March 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar, Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Lt Govr Christopher Dixon 3 John Goodwin 4 of Council Matthew Purling 5 The last Consultation was read and approved This day the three following Leases were executed to the Executors of the Late Charles Steward for the Benefitt of the Children Vizt Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies do hereby Demise	The council ordered that notice be given the leases would be returned in a set number of days. The order was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Purling. A consultation was held at the castle on Tuesday 12 March 1745, present Colonel David Dunbar the Governor, Captain Charles Hutchinson the Lieutenant Governor, Christopher Dixon third of council, John Goodwin fourth and Matthew Purling fifth. The previous consultation was read and approved. The council executed three leases to the executors of the late Charles Steward for the benefit of the children. The first was a grant from the Company on the island of St Helena. Interpretations The notice fixing a term for the return of the called-in leases marks the orderly close of the general review, the tenants having produced their titles and an abstract taken, the documents now to be handed back within a stated time so no man was left without his lease during the examination. The three leases to the executors of the late Charles Steward for the benefit of the children follow the pattern of the Bazett trust lease, the Company granting land to executors to hold for orphaned minors, the rent and profit kept for the children until they came of age. That the leases were renewed and executed rather than deferred shows the council still readily granting where the term was lawful and the title clear, the calling-in of leases having sorted the sound holdings from the doubtful, so the ordinary business of renewal went forward for tenants whose leases the examination had confirmed.
447		444	Demise Grant Lease Sett and to farm Lett unto John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr Executors to the last Will and Testament of Charles Steward dec all that peice or parcell of Gumwood Land containing one Acre Scituate lying and being in the South Division of the said Island in the West Branch of Sandy Bay Valley Butting and Bounding towards the North upon the Lease Land of Charles Steward the towards the East South and West every way upon the said Honble United Companys west Land in the said South Division aforesaid To have and to hold the said hereby demised one Acre of Land with the appurtenances and every part thereof unto them the said John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr their Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for and during all the time Space & Term of Twenty one Years upon thence next ensueing in trust nevertheless and to the use of the Children of the said Charles Steward deceased Upon condition that the said Children & each of them their and each of their Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall always bear true Faith and Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs and Successors and true faith to the said Honble Company and their Successors & shall always duly obey all the Laws and Constitution of the said Island Yielding & paying therefore Yearly and every Year during the said Term of twenty one Years to the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Yearly Rent of five Shillings & Acre in at or upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Arch Angell Yearly and upon further Condition that he the said John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr & Francis Wrangham Junr their Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall and	The first lease to the executors of the late Charles Steward granted to John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham senior and Francis Wrangham junior, executors to Steward's will, a parcel of gumwood land of about one acre in the south division of the island, in the west branch of Sandy Bay Valley. The land was bounded north upon the leasehold of Charles Steward deceased and east, south and west every way upon the Company's own waste land in the south division. The parcel was granted to John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham senior and Francis Wrangham junior, their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, in trust nevertheless and to the use of the children of the late Charles Steward. The grant was made on condition that the children and their successors bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. They were to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. Interpretations This lease, like the Bazett grant, is held in trust for orphaned children, the three executors taking the acre not for themselves but to the use of the late Charles Steward's children, the rent and profit kept for the minors until they came of age, the Company's ordinary tenancy again adapted to carry a trust. The bounding of the parcel on three sides by the Company's own waste and on the fourth by Steward's former leasehold places it neatly within the Company's ground, filling a gap beside the family's existing holding without alienating land the Company meant to keep, the same rounding-out of a tenant's parcel seen in the earlier grants. The twenty-one-year term and the 5s-an-acre Michaelmas rent hold exactly to the Company's standing rule and the settled rate, so the renewal after the general calling-in shows the board granting freely on the lawful term now that the tenants titles had been examined and the doubtful leases set apart.
448		445	and do keep and maintain the said demised Land and fences in good heart and repair when and as often as need shall require so that the whole premises and every part thereof shall be always Tenantable & no ways suffered to run to ruin or decay and shall also keep up and preserve the wood and other Trees that now are growing thereon or that shall hereafter be planted pursuant to the Laws for planting of wood in that case made and provided and upon Condition also that they the said John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr shall not sell or any other way dispose of this Lease or Interest in the same without the knowledge and consent of the Governour & Council of this Island for the time being In Witness whereof we the said Governour and Council have sett our hands and affixed the Honble Companys Seal in Saint Helena this twelfth day of March in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty four and the said Executors John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr to the other part have sett their hands and Seals the day and Year above written (Signd) David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honourable United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies do hereby Demise Grant Lease Sett and to farm lett unto John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr Executors	The first Steward lease continued with its covenants and execution. The tenants were to keep the land and its fences in good repair as often as need required, so that the whole premises should always be tenantable and never suffered to run to ruin or decay. They were also to keep up and preserve the wood and other trees then growing on the land or afterwards planted, under the laws for planting wood. A further condition barred John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham senior and Francis Wrangham junior from selling or otherwise disposing of the lease without the knowledge and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 12 March 1745, and the executors John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham senior and Francis Wrangham junior set their hands and seals to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. A second lease to the same executors then began, granting land on St Helena to John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham senior and Francis Wrangham junior. Interpretations The covenant to keep up and preserve the wood under the laws for planting wood binds even this small acre held in trust for children to the island's forestry policy, so that the Company used every grant alike, whether to a planter or to executors for orphans, to press the growing of timber on ground long stripped of its trees. The requirement that the executors not sell the lease without the council's knowledge and consent kept the Company's control over the trust land as firmly as over any other, ensuring the children's holding could not be passed to a stranger even by the men who managed it for them. The second lease to the same three executors, following the first, shows the Steward children's provision being made up of several parcels granted together, the council settling the whole of their inheritance in Company land at one consultation, the trust spread across more than one holding as the family's leases fell in for renewal.
449		446	Executors to the last Will and Testament of Charles Steward deceased all that peice or parcell of Gumwood Land containing one Acre Scituate lying and being in the South Division of the said Island in the West Branch of Sandy Bay Valley Butting and Bounding towards the North and West upon the Lease Land formerly held by the said Deceased Charles Steward and towards the South and East upon the said Honble Companys west Land in the said South Division So have and to hold the said hereby Demised one Acre of Gumwood Land with the appurtenances and every part thereof unto them the said John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr their Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowd Assigns from the day of the Date hereof for and during all the time space and term of Twenty one Years from thence next ensueing in Trust nevertheless and to the use of the Children of the said Charles Steward deceasd Upon condition that they the said Children and each of them their and each of their Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall always bear true faith and Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the second his Heirs and Successors and true faith to the said Honble Company and their Successors and shall always duly obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island Yielding & paying therefore Yearly and every year during the said Term of Twenty one Years unto the Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Yearly rent of five Shillings pr Acre in at or upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Arch Angell Yearly and upon further Condition that they the said John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr their Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall and do keep up and maintain the said Demised Land and fences in good heart and repair when and as often as need shall require so that	The second lease to the Steward executors granted to John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham senior and Francis Wrangham junior, executors to the will of Charles Steward deceased, a further parcel of gumwood land of about one acre in the south division, in the west branch of Sandy Bay Valley. The land was bounded north and west upon the leasehold formerly held by the late Charles Steward, and south and east upon the Company's waste land in the south division. The parcel was granted to the three executors, their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, in trust nevertheless and to the use of the children of the late Charles Steward. The grant was made on condition that the children and their successors bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. They were to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel, and were further bound to keep the land and its fences in good repair as often as need required. Interpretations This second acre lies immediately beside the first, both in the west branch of Sandy Bay Valley and both bounded on two sides by the late Charles Steward's former leasehold, so the two grants together reconstitute the family's holding around the ground Steward had held in his lifetime, the executors gathering the children's inheritance into a compact block. The identical terms, twenty-one years, the trust for the children and the 5s-an-acre Michaelmas rent, show the council settling each parcel of the estate on the same footing, so the orphans held their several acres uniformly under the Company's standing rule. Granting the two leases in succession at one consultation marks the orderly winding-up of the Steward estate in Company land, the board renewing every parcel the family held as its leases fell in, the whole provision for the children made secure in a single day's business.
450		447	that the whole premises and every part thereof shall be always Tenantable and no ways suffered to run to ruin or decay and shall also keep up and preserve the wood and other Trees that now are growing thereon or that shall hereafter be planted pursuant to the Laws for planting of wood in that case made and provided and upon Condition also that they the said John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr shall not sell or any other way dispose of this Lease or Interest in the same without the knowledge and Consent of the Governour and Council of this Island for the time being In Witness whereof we the said Governour and Council have sett our hands and affixed the Honble Companys Seal in Saint Helena this twellth day of March in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty four & the said Executors John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr to the other part have sett their hands and Seals the day and Year above written (Signd) David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies do hereby demise Grant Lease Sett and to farm lett unto John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr Executors to the last Will and Testament of Charles Steward deceased all that peice or parcell of Land containing Nineteen Acres Situate lying and being under the main Ridge next to Sandy Bay Butting and Bounding	The second Steward lease closed with its covenants and execution. The tenants were to keep the whole premises tenantable and never suffered to run to ruin or decay, and to keep up and preserve the wood and other trees then growing on the land or afterwards planted, under the laws for planting wood. A further condition barred the three executors from selling or otherwise disposing of the lease without the knowledge and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 12 March 1745, and the executors John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham senior and Francis Wrangham junior set their hands and seals to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. A third lease to the same executors then began. The Company granted to John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham senior and Francis Wrangham junior, executors to the will of Charles Steward deceased, a parcel of land of about nineteen acres lying under the main ridge next to Sandy Bay. Interpretations This third parcel of nineteen acres dwarfs the two single acres of gumwood that preceded it, so the bulk of the Steward children's inheritance lay in this larger holding under the main ridge, the two small gumwood lots being outlying pieces gathered around the family's principal ground. The land lying under the main ridge next to Sandy Bay places it among the same Sandy Bay holdings that recur through the year's leases, the district where much of the island's better ground lay and where the Steward family had long farmed. That all three leases carry the identical trust for the children and the standing twenty-one-year term shows the council settling the whole estate uniformly, the largest parcel held on the same footing as the smallest, so the orphans inherited a consolidated holding secure under the Company's rule.
451		448	towards the North upon pasture Land belonging to Charles Steward deceased formerly Joseph Hoyes towards the South upon the Land of Martha Robberson towards the West upon the Lands of William Worrall and towards the East upon the said Stewards deceased Cabbage Tree pasture Land To have and to hold the said hereby demised Nineteen Acres of Land with the appurtenances and every part thereof unto them the said John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr their Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for and during all the time Space and term of Twenty one Years from thence next ensueing in trust nevertheless and to the use of the Children of the said Charles Steward deceased upon condition that the said Children and each of them their and each of their Heirs, Executors, Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall always bear true Faith and Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the second his Heirs and Successors and true faith to the Honble Company and their Successors and shall always duly obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island Yeilding and paying therefore Yearly and every Year during the said Term of Twenty one Years unto the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Yearly rent of five Shillings pr Acre in at or upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Arch Angell Yearly and upon further Condition that they the said John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr their Heirs, Executors, Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall and do keep and maintain the said Demised Land and fences in good heart and repair when and as often as need shall require so that the whole premises and every part thereof shall be always Tenantable and no ways Suffered.	The third Steward lease continued. The nineteen acres were bounded north upon pasture land belonging to Charles Steward deceased, formerly Joseph Hayes, south upon the land of Martha Worrall, west upon the lands of William Worrall, and east upon Steward's own cabbage tree pasture land. The parcel was granted to John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham senior and Francis Wrangham junior, their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, in trust nevertheless and to the use of the children of the late Charles Steward. The grant was made on condition that the children and their successors bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. They were to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel, and were bound to keep the land and its fences in good repair as often as need required, so that the whole premises should always be tenantable and never suffered to run to ruin or decay. Interpretations The bounding of the nineteen acres against Steward's own pasture and cabbage tree land on two sides shows this to be the heart of the family's holding, the larger parcel set among ground the late Charles Steward held in his lifetime, so the three leases together reconstitute the whole estate around its principal pasture. The note that the northern boundary was pasture belonging to Steward, formerly Joseph Hayes, records the earlier descent of the ground through a previous holder, the kind of detail the lease book preserved and the calling-in of leases was meant to keep straight against the confusion the planters own dealings had bred. The cabbage tree pasture on the eastern bound marks land bearing the timber the Company had just resolved to reserve, so even in a grant to executors for orphans the wood-bearing ground was noted, the same concern for laths and rafters that ran through the council's dealings with every tenant now touching the Steward children's own land.
452		449	suffered to run to ruin or decay and shall also keep up and preserve the Wood and other Trees that now are growing thereon or that shall hereafter be planted pursuant to the Laws for planting of wood in that case made and provided and upon Condition also that they the said John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr shall not sell or any other way dispose of this Lease or Interest in the same without the knowledge and Consent of the Governour and Council of this Island for the time being In Witness whereof we the said Governour & Council have sett our hands and affixed the Honble Companys Seal in Saint Helena this 12th day of March in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty four and the said Executors John Goodwin Francis Wrangham Senr and Francis Wrangham Junr to the other part have sett their hands and Seal the day & Year above written (Signd) David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling Memorandum that this Lease is not to be Valid unless the Honble Company are pleasd to approve of it. Executed the four following Leases to Mr Francis Wrangham Agreeable to his Petition of the 12th of february Last Vizt.	The third Steward lease closed with its covenants and execution. The tenants were bound not to suffer the land to run to ruin or decay, and to keep up and preserve the wood and other trees then growing or afterwards planted, under the laws for planting wood. A further condition barred John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham senior and Francis Wrangham junior from selling or otherwise disposing of the lease without the knowledge and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 12 March 1745, and the executors John Goodwin, Francis Wrangham senior and Francis Wrangham junior set their hands and seals to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. A memorandum noted that the lease was not to be valid unless the Company were pleased to approve of it. The council then executed four further leases to Francis Wrangham, following his petition of 12 February. Interpretations The memorandum that the lease was not to be valid without the Company's approval marks a fresh caution the board now added to its grants, reserving to London a final say over the very leases it executed, the same deference to the Company's pleasure that had made it defer the lives-leases now written into a lease on the lawful term. This condition, set beside the calling-in of leases and the reservation of cabbage tree timber, shows the council tightening its whole handling of land, no longer treating even a regular twenty-one-year grant as settled without the Company's leave. The four further leases to Francis Wrangham, following his petition heard on 12 February, bring the substantial planter's own renewals to execution after the general examination, the same tenant who witnessed the Goodwin will and sat on the appraisals now taking a run of his own holdings on fresh terms, the island's larger men securing their ground in quantity as the calling-in sorted the sound titles from the doubtful.
453		450	Island Saint Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies Do hereby Demise Grant Sell and to Farm lett unto Francis Wrangham Junr of the said Island Planter All that Peice or parcell of Land Containing five Acres Situate lying and being towards the North East and South upon his own 62 Acres of Land and towards the West upon the Honble Companys West Land To have and to hold the said hereby Demised Parcel of Land and every Part and Parcel thereof together with all and Singular the Wood Water Watercourses Houses Building Edifices Sheds Tenaments Yams and Plantations of Yams Fruit trees Wall Fences and All other and Singular the Rights Commoditys to them and Each and every of them belonging or Appertaining unto him the said Francis Wrangham Junr his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for and during all the Space or term of Twenty one Years from thence next Ensuing Upon Condition that he the said Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns Shall and do bear true faith and Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs and Successors and true faith to the said Honble Company and their Successors and Shall duly observe and Obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island and Upon Condition also that he the said Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall and do from time to time and at all times hereafter During the Term of this Lease keep up and Maintain in Good Order and Sufficient Repair all Such Buildings Houses Edifices Sheds Tenaments Plantations and Fences as now are or hereafter Shall be Made Built or Erected thereon and Shall Moreover Plant Keep and Maintain and Preserve in and upon the Said hereby	The first of the four leases to Francis Wrangham granted to Francis Wrangham senior, planter of the island, a parcel of land of about five acres, bounded north, east and south upon his own sixty-four acres of land, and west upon the Company's waste land. The grant carried the parcel and every part of it, together with all woods, water and watercourses, houses, buildings, sheds, tenements, yams and yam plantations, fruit trees, fences and all other rights and commodities, to Francis Wrangham senior, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, on condition that he and they bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. He was further bound throughout the term to keep in good and sufficient repair all the buildings, houses, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards built on the land, and to plant, keep and preserve on the parcel the greatest quantity of wood. Interpretations This five-acre parcel bounded on three sides by Wrangham's own sixty-four acres marks a small addition rounding out a substantial holding, the planter filling a gap in his large estate with ground the Company let from its adjoining waste, the same rounding-out seen throughout these grants but here on the scale of one of the island's larger landholders. The full recital of houses, sheds, yam plantations and fruit trees carried with so small an acreage shows even this piece to be worked ground with buildings and crops on it rather than bare waste, the parcel taken into an already developed estate. The planting covenant binds Wrangham, like every other tenant, to grow the greatest quantity of wood the ground would hold, the Company using his grant as it used all the rest to press timber-growing on the island, so that the largest planter renewing his holdings was held to the same forestry obligation as the humblest.
454		451	Demised Parcel of Land its full Quantity or proportion of Wood being sett forth Parts of the said Parcell of Land and Shall Likewise Plant and Preserve Twize within Side and without side the said Fences of the said Parcell of Land and shall Plant Fruit Trees such as Apple Lemmon Nutmeg and Peach Trees in Such Part thereof wherein they are most Likely to Grow and as they shall happen to Decay and dye Shall Replant Others of the Like sort thereon without Prejudice nevertheless such Part of the said Land as Shall be Sett apart for the Sole Purpose of Planting and Raising of Yams Yielding and Paying therefore Yearly and every Year during the Term of this present Lease unto them the said Honourable Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Sum of five Shilling & Acre in & pr upon the Feast of St Michael the Arch Angell Yearly and Upon Further Condition that he the said Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns Shall not Alter or remove the said Fences they being the Boundry or Land Marks of the Parcel of Land aforesaid and Shall not Sell or Dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave and Consent of the Governour and Council for the time being In Witness whereof we the said Governor and Council have sett our hands and affixed the Honble Companys Seal in St Helena this 12 day of March in the Year of 1744 and the Frances Wrangham Senr hath to the other Part sett his hand and Seal the day and Year above Written David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling	Demised Parcel of Land its full Quantity or proportion of Wood being sett forth Parts of the said Parcell of Land and Shall Likewise Plant and Preserve Twize within Side and without side the said Fences of the said Parcell of Land and shall Plant Fruit Trees such as Apple Lemmon Nutmeg and Peach Trees in Such Part thereof wherein they are most Likely to Grow and as they shall happen to Decay and dye Shall Replant Others of the Like sort thereon without Prejudice nevertheless such Part of the said Land as Shall be Sett apart for the Sole Purpose of Planting and Raising of Yams Yielding and Paying therefore Yearly and every Year during the Term of this present Lease unto them the said Honourable Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Sum of five Shilling & Acre in & pr upon the Feast of St Michael the Arch Angell Yearly and Upon Further Condition that he the said Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns Shall not Alter or remove the said Fences they being the Boundry or Land Marks of the Parcel of Land aforesaid and Shall not Sell or Dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave and Consent of the Governour and Council for the time being In Witness whereof we the said Governor and Council have sett our hands and affixed the Honble Companys Seal in St Helena this 12 day of March in the Year of 1744 and the Frances Wrangham Senr hath to the other Part sett his hand and Seal the day and Year above Written David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling
455		452	Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies Do hereby Demise grant Lease sett and to Farm Sett unto Francis Wrangham Senr of this Island Planter All that Peice or Parcel of Gumwood Land Containing seven Acres Situate lying and being in Sandy Bay in the South Division of this Island and near the ford of Green Hill Butting and Bounding towards the South and Rhide of the said Francis Wrangham Senr South and West on the Honble Companys west Land & East on Land Late in the Possesion of John Harding decd To have and to Hold the said hereby demised Peice of Land and Every Part and Parcel thereof with all and Singular the Wood Water Watercourses Houses Buildings Edifices Sheds Tenements Yams Plantations of Yams fruit trees Wall Fences and all other and Singular the Rights Commoditys to them and Each and Every of them belonging or Appertaineing unto him the said Francis Wrangham his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for and during all the Space and term of Twenty one Years from thence next Ensuing Upon Condition that he the said Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowd Assigns Shall and do bear true faith and Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs and Successors and true faith to them the said Honble Company and their Successors and Shall duely observe and Obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island and Upon Condition also that he the said Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns Shall and do from time to time and at all times hereafter	The second of the four leases to Francis Wrangham granted to Francis Wrangham senior, planter of the island, a parcel of gumwood land of about two acres in Sandy Bay, in the south division, near the ford of Green Hill. The land was bounded north and east upon another parcel held by Francis Wrangham senior, south and west upon the Company's waste land, and further west upon land late in the possession of John Harding deceased. The grant carried the parcel and every part of it, together with all woods, water and watercourses, houses, buildings, sheds, tenements, yams and yam plantations, fruit trees, fences and all other rights and commodities, to Francis Wrangham senior, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, on condition that he and they bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. Interpretations This two-acre parcel, like the five-acre one before it, is bounded on two sides by Wrangham's own land, so the four leases together are gathering several small pieces around the planter's larger holdings, filling the gaps between his ground and the Company's waste with regular grants. The land bounded to the west by ground late of John Harding deceased records the descent of the neighbouring parcel through a former holder, the boundary noted against a named predecessor as the lease book preserved such chains of possession. The naming of the parcel as gumwood land near the ford of Green Hill fixes it precisely in the Sandy Bay district by a local landmark, the kind of exact description the calling-in of leases aimed to secure so that each holding could be told from its neighbours on ground the planters had let fall into confusion.
456		453	hereafter during the Term of this Lease keep up and Maintain in Good Order & Sufficient and Legall Repair All Such Buildings Houses Edifices Sheds Tenements Plantations and Fences as now are or hereafter Shall be Made Built or Erected and Shall Moreover Plant keep up Maintain and Preserve in and upon the said demised Parcel of Land its full Quantity or Proportions of Wood being one fourth Part of the said Parcel of Land and shall Likewise Plant and Preserve Twize without Side and Within the said Fences of the said Parcel of Land and Shall Plant Fruit Trees such as Apple Lemmon Nutmeg or Peach Trees in Such Parts thereof as they are Most Likely to Grow and if they Shall happen to decay & dye Shall Replant others of the like sort thereon without Prejudice nevertheless to any Part of Such Land as Shall be sett apart for the sole Purpose of Planting and Raising of Yams Yielding & Paying therefore Yearly and every Year during the Term of this present Lease unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the sum of five Shillings & Acre in at or upon the Feast of St Michael the Arch Angell Yearly And Upon further Condition that he the said Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns Shall not Alter or remove the said Fences they being the Limitts or Land Marks of the Parcel of Land aforesaid and Shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave and Consent of the Governour and Council for the time being In Witness Whereof we the said Govr and Council have sett our hands and affixed the Honble Companys Seal in St Helena this 12th day of March in the Year 1744 and the said Francis Wrangham Senr hath to the Other Part sett his hand and Seal the day and Year above Written David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling	The second Wrangham lease continued with its covenants and execution. Wrangham was throughout the term to keep in good and sufficient repair all the buildings, houses, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards built, and to plant, keep and preserve on the parcel its full quantity or proportion of wood, being one tenth part of the land. He was likewise to plant and preserve furze within and without the fences, and to plant apple, lemon, mulberry and peach trees on whatever part of the ground they were most likely to grow, replacing with others of the like sort any that decayed or died, without prejudice however to any part set apart solely for planting and raising yams. He was to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. A further condition barred him from removing the fences, they being the limits or land marks of the parcel, and from selling or disposing of the lease without the leave and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 12 March 1745, and Francis Wrangham senior set his hand and seal to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. Interpretations The fruit covenant here adds the peach to the apples, lemons and mulberries named in the first lease, so the orchard the Company required of its tenants drew on a widening range of temperate and subtropical trees the island's mild climate could carry, the peach being a stone fruit that throve in such a setting. The fixing of a tenth part of the parcel to wood, repeated exactly from the first lease, confirms this as the settled proportion the Company now wrote into every grant, a definite measure of timber-growing bound on each holding rather than a loose obligation. The identical planting, fencing and rent terms across the run of Wrangham's leases show the council applying a single uniform form to all the parcels of one large tenant, the calling-in and renewal having standardised the island's leases so that each holding, great or small, was held on the same conditions under the Company's rule.
457		454	Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies Do hereby Demise Grant Lease sett and to Farm Lett unto Francis Wrangham Senr of this Island Planter All that Peice or Parcel of Land containing four Acres Situate lying and being in Sandy Bay in the South division of the said Island Butting and Bounding North & South upon Lands belonging to the said Francis Wrangham Senr towards North and East upon the lower Yard of the Lands Known by the Names of Perkins now in the Possesion of the Honble Companys West & said belonging to the late Coln Alexander Bushham To have and to Hold the said hereby demised Parcel of Land and every Part and Parcel thereof together with all and Singular the Wood Water Watercourse Houses Buildings Edifices Sheds Tenements Yams and Plantations of Yams Fruit trees Wall fences and all other and Singular the Rights Commoditys to them and Each and every of them belonging or Appertaineing unto him the said Frances Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrator or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for and During all the Space and term of Twenty one Years from thenceforth Ensuing Upon Condition that he the said Francis Wrangham Senr his Heir Executors Administrator or Allowed Assigns Shall and do bear true faith and Allegiance Unto Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs and Successors and true faith to them the said Honble Company and their Successors and Shall duely obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island and Upon Condition also that he the said Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrator or Allowed Assigns Shall and do from time to time and at all times hereafter During the terms of this Lease keep up and Maintain	The third of the four leases to Francis Wrangham granted to Francis Wrangham senior, planter of the island, a parcel of land of about four acres in Sandy Bay, in the south division. The land was bounded north and south upon lands belonging to Francis Wrangham senior, north and east upon the lower end of the parcel known by the name of Perkins's, now in the Company's possession, and west upon land belonging to the late John Alexander's Wrangham. The grant carried the parcel and every part of it, together with all woods, water and watercourses, houses, buildings, sheds, tenements, yams and yam plantations, fruit trees, fences and all other rights and commodities, to Francis Wrangham senior, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, on condition that he and they bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island, and keep up and maintain the buildings and fences throughout the term. Interpretations This four-acre parcel, again bounded on two sides by Wrangham's own ground, continues the gathering of small pieces around the planter's estate that runs through all four leases, the Company letting the intervening waste to consolidate a large holding. The naming of the adjoining parcel as Perkins's, now in the Company's possession, records ground that had reverted to the Company from a former tenant, the kind of holding the calling-in of leases and the reserving of useful land was meant to identify and keep in hand. The reference to land late of John Alexander marks a boundary against the estate of the long-dead councillor whose disputed will and excluded daughters filled the records of 1737, so the parcel is fixed against holdings whose descent the island's memory and lease book still carried, the exact bounding again the answer to the confusion the planters own dealings had bred.
458		455	Maintain in Good Order and Sufficient and Legal repair all such Building Houses Edifices Sheds Tenements Plantations and Fences as now are or hereafter shall be Made Built or Erected thereon and Shall Moreover Plant keep Maintain & Preserve in and upon the said hereby Demised Parcel of Land its full Quantity or Proportion of Wood being one tenth Part of the said Parcel of Land and shall Likewise Plant and Preserve Twize without Side and Within Side the Fences of the said Parcel of Land and Shall Plant Fruit Trees Such as Apple Lemmon Mulberry or Coach Trees in Such Parts thereof as they are Most Likely to grow and if they Shall happen to Decay and dye Shall Replant others of the like sorts thereon without Prejudice nevertheless any Part of Such Land as Shall be Reserved for the Sole Purpose of Raising and Planting of Yams Yielding and paying therefore Yearly and every Year during the term of this present Lease unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the sum of five Shillings & Acre in at or upon the Feast of St Michael the Arch Angell Yearly And Upon further Condition that he the said Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns Shall not Alter or remove the said Fences they being the Limits or Land Marks of the Parcel of Land aforesaid and Shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave and Consent of the Governour and Council for the time being In Witness Whereof we the said Govr and Council have sett our hands and Affixed the Honble Companys Seal this 14 day of March 1744 and the said Francis Wrangham Senr hath to the other Part sett his hand and Seal the day and Year Above Written David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling	The third Wrangham lease continued with its covenants and execution. Wrangham was to maintain in good order and sufficient and legal repair all the buildings, houses, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards built, and to plant, keep and preserve on the parcel its full quantity or proportion of wood, being one tenth part of the land. He was likewise to plant and preserve furze within and without the fences, and to plant apple, lemon, mulberry and peach trees on whatever part of the ground they were most likely to grow, replacing with others of the like sort any that decayed or died, without prejudice however to any part set apart solely for raising and planting yams. He was to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. A further condition barred him from removing the fences, they being the limits or land marks of the parcel, and from selling or disposing of the lease without the leave and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 12 March 1745, and Francis Wrangham senior set his hand and seal to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. Interpretations The covenants of this third lease repeat those of the second word for word, the tenth part in wood, the furze along the fences, the four named fruit trees and the reserved yam ground, confirming that the council was now issuing a single standard form to every parcel, so that a large tenant renewing several holdings took each on identical terms. The insistence that the fences be kept as the limits or land marks of the parcel recurs in each lease, marking how much weight the council placed on fixed boundaries after the calling-in had shown how far the planters had let their bounds and titles slide. The uniformity of the whole run of Wrangham's leases measures the effect of the general review, the island's tenures brought to a common pattern and a common rent as each was renewed, the loose and various grants of former Governors replaced by a single settled form under the Company's twenty-one-year rule.
459		456	Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies Do hereby Demise grant sett and to farm Sett unto Francis Wrangham Senr of the sd Island planter All that peice or parcell of Land containing five Acres Scituate lying and being in one branch of Sandy Valley Butting and bounding towards the North and South on Lands of Rich Goodwin towards the West on Lands of the sd Francis Wrangham Senr and towards and towards the East on the Honble Companys pasture Land To have & to hold the said hereby Demised parcel of Land and every part and Parcell thereof together with all and Singular the Wood Water Watercourses Houses Buildings Edifices Sheds Tenements Yams and plantations of yams fruit trees Walls Fences and all other and Singular the rights commodities to them and each and every of them belonging or appertaining unto him the sd Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrators or allowed Assigns from the Day of the Date hereof for and During all the space or term of twenty one years from thence next Ensuing Upon Condition that he the sd Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs, Executors, Administrators, or allowed Assigns Shall and Do bear true Faith and Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs and Successors and true Faith to them the sd Honble Company and their Successors and Shall Duly observe and obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the sd Island, and upon Condition also that he the sd Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs Executors Administrators or allowed Assigns Shall and Do from time to time and at all times hereafter during the Term of this Lease keep up and maintain in good order and sufficient repair all such Buildings, Houses, Edifices, Sheds, Tenements, Plantations and Fences as now are or hereafter shall be made Built or Erected thereon and shall moreover plant keep up and maintain and preserve in and upon the sd hereby Demised	The fourth of the four leases to Francis Wrangham granted to Francis Wrangham senior, planter of the island, a parcel of land of about five acres in one branch of Sandy Valley. The land was bounded north and south upon lands of Richard Goodwin, west upon lands of Francis Wrangham senior, and east upon the Company's pasture land. The grant carried the parcel and every part of it, together with all woods, water and watercourses, houses, buildings, sheds, tenements, yams and yam plantations, fruit trees, fences and all other rights and commodities, to Francis Wrangham senior, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, on condition that he and they bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. He was further bound throughout the term to keep in good and sufficient repair all the buildings, houses, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards built, and to plant, keep and preserve on the parcel the wood required. Interpretations This last of the four parcels, bounded on the west by Wrangham's own land and on two sides by Richard Goodwin's, sits at the meeting of two large planters holdings, the Company letting the ground between them and its own pasture, so the grant fills the last gap in the block Wrangham was assembling. The four leases taken together, five, two, four and five acres, add sixteen acres to Wrangham's estate in a single day, all in the Sandy Bay and Sandy Valley district and all rounding out ground he already held, a substantial consolidation for one of the island's principal men. That every parcel touches either Wrangham's own land, a neighbour's, or the Company's pasture and waste shows how completely the cultivated south division was divided among named holders, each new grant fixed on every side by the tenants around it, the Company parcelling out the last of its intervening waste to the established planters as their leases came up for renewal.
460		457	Demised Parcel of Land its full quantity or proportion of Wood being on tenth part of the sd Parcell of Land and shall likewise plant and preserve Furze within side and without the sd Fences of the sd parcell of Land and shall plant Fruit trees such as apple lemmon mulbery or peach trees in such part thereof wherein they are most likely to grow and as they shall happen to decay or dye shall replant others of the like sort thereon without prejudice nevertheless to such part of the sd Land as shall be sett apart for the sole purpose of planting and raising of Yams Yeilding and paying therefore Yearly and every Year during the term of this present Lease unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the sum of five shillings pr Acre in at or upon the Feast of St Michael the Arch Angell yearly And upon further Condition that he the sd Francis Wrangham Senr his Heirs, Executors, Administrators or allowed Assigns shall not alter or remove the said Fences they being the Limits or Land marks of the Parcell of Land aforesaid and shall not sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave and consent of the Govr and Council for the time being In witness whereof we the said Governour and Council have sett our hands and affixed the Honble Companys Seal in St Helena this Twelfth Day of March in the Year of our Lord one thousand and seven hundred and forty four and the sd Francis Wrangham Senr hath to the other Part sett his hand and Seal the Day and year above written (Signed) David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin M Purling Executed the following Lease to Mr Richard Goodwin Agreeable to his Petition of the 12th of february Last Vizt.	The fourth Wrangham lease closed with its planting covenants and execution. Wrangham was to plant and preserve on the parcel its full quantity or proportion of wood, being one tenth part of the land, and likewise to plant and preserve furze within and without the fences. He was to plant apple, lemon, mulberry and peach trees on whatever part of the ground they were most likely to grow, replacing with others of the like sort any that decayed or died, without prejudice however to any part set apart solely for planting and raising yams. He was to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. A further condition barred him from altering or removing the fences, they being the limits or land marks of the parcel, and from selling or disposing of the lease without the leave and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 12 March 1745, and Francis Wrangham senior set his hand and seal to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. The council then executed a lease to Richard Goodwin, following his petition of 12 February. Interpretations The covenants of this fourth lease repeat exactly those of the second and third, the tenth in wood, the furze, the four fruit trees and the reserved yam ground, completing a set of four leases held on a single uniform form, so Wrangham's whole day's business was transacted on identical terms. The consolidation of Wrangham's sixteen acres over four leases and the immediate turn to a lease for Richard Goodwin, whose land bounded the last Wrangham parcel, show the council working systematically through the neighbouring holdings of the south division, renewing the adjoining estates in turn as their leases fell in. This run of renewals to the island's principal planters, Wrangham, the Steward executors and now Goodwin, marks the general reordering of the island's tenures reaching its most substantial holders, the calling-in of leases followed by a wholesale re-granting on the Company's settled twenty-one-year form.
461		458	Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honorable Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies Do hereby Demise grant Sell and to Farm sett unto Richard Goodwin of the sd Island Planter All that Peice or Parcel of Land Containing Five Acres Situate lying and being in Sane Valley Butting North & South upon Richard Goodwin and Wallers Purling West upon Lands of Francis Wrangham Senr East upon the Lands of the said Richard Goodwin To have and to hold the said hereby Demised Parcel of Land and every Part and Parcel thereof together with all and Singular the Wood Water Watercourses Houses Building Edifice Sheds Tenements Yams and Plantation of Yams Fruit Trees Walls Fences and other and Singular the Rights Commoditys unto them and Each and every of them belonging or appertaining unto the said Richd Goodwin his Heirs Executors administrators or allowed Assigns Shall and do bear true Faith and allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the second his Heirs and Successors & true Faith to them the Honble Company and their Successors & Shall Duty Obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the sd Island and upon condition also that he the sd Richd Goodwin his Heirs Executors, administrators, or allowed Assigns Shall and Do from time to time and at all times hereafter during the Term of this Lease keep up and Maintain in good Order and Sufficient repair all Such Buildings houses edifices Sheds Tenements Plantations and Fences as now are or hereafter shall be made Built or Erected thereon and Shall moreover plant keep up maintain and preserve in and upon the sd hereby demised Parcel of Land its full quantity or proportion of Wood being one Tenth part of the said parcel of Land and Shall likewise plant and preserve Furze without side and without the Fences of the sd Parcell of Land and Shall plant Fruit trees such as Apple Lemmon Mulberry or peach trees in such part thereof as they are most likely to	The lease to Richard Goodwin granted him a parcel of land of about five acres in Rupert's Valley. The land was bounded north and south upon lands of Richard Goodwin and Solomon Sterling, west upon lands of Francis Wrangham senior, and east upon the ridge, and the land in Richard Goodwin's possession. The grant carried the parcel and every part of it, together with all woods, water and watercourses, houses, buildings, sheds, tenements, yams and yam plantations, fruit trees, fences and all other rights and commodities, to Richard Goodwin, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, on condition that he and they bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. He was further bound throughout the term to keep in good and sufficient repair all the buildings, houses, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards built, to plant and preserve on the parcel its full quantity or proportion of wood, being one tenth part of the land, to plant and preserve furze within and without the fences, and to plant apple, lemon and mulberry trees on whatever part of the ground they were most likely to grow. Interpretations This parcel in Rupert's Valley bounds directly on Wrangham's land to the west, so Goodwin's grant abuts the very ground Wrangham had just renewed, the council working along a continuous line of neighbouring holdings and re-granting each as it came before the board. Rupert's Valley recurs through the year as a dry and difficult district, the site of the well sunk 34 feet and much of the fortification labour, and Grace Bates had lately given up fourteen acres there as of no use, so Goodwin's taking five acres in the same valley shows the ground still worth farming to a tenant with the neighbouring land. The lease carries the same tenth-part-in-wood, furze and fruit-tree covenants as the Wrangham grants, confirming the single uniform form the council now applied to every renewal, so the reordering of the island's tenures held to one settled pattern across all the holders of the south and eastern divisions alike.
462		459	Grow and as they shall happen to decay or dye shall replant others of the like sorts thereon without prejudice nevertheless to such part of the sd Land as shall be sett apart for the sole purpose of planting and raising of Yams Yielding and paying therefore yearly and every year during the term of this present Lease unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the sum of five Shilling & Acre in at or upon the Feast of St Michael the Arch Angell yearly And upon further Condition that he the sd Richd Goodwin his Heirs Executors Administrators or allowed Assigns shall not alter or remove the said Fences they being the Limits or Land marks of the parcell of Land aforesaid and shall not sell or dispose of this Lease or interest therein without the Leave and Consent of the Govr and Council for the time being In witness whereof we the said Govr and Council have sett our hands and affixed the Honble Companys Seal in St Helena this twelfth Day of March in the Year of our Lord one Thousand Seven hundred and forty four and the said Richd Goodwin hath to the other part sett his hand and Seal the Day and Year above written (Signed) David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin M Purling Executed the following Lease to Mr John Goodwin agreeable to his petition of the 26th of febry Last Vizt. Island St Helena The Lords proprietors of this Island the Honble the united Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies Do hereby give grant sell and to farm sell unto John Goodwin Gentleman all that peice or parcell of Land Containing	The Richard Goodwin lease closed with its planting covenants and execution. He was to replant with others of the like sort any fruit trees that decayed or died, without prejudice however to any part set apart solely for planting and raising yams. He was to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. A further condition barred him from altering or removing the fences, they being the limits or land marks of the parcel, and from selling or disposing of the lease without the leave and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 12 March 1745, and Richard Goodwin set his hand and seal to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. The council then executed a lease to John Goodwin, following his petition of 26 February. The Company granted to John Goodwin, gentleman, a parcel of land. Interpretations The Goodwin lease carries the identical planting, fencing and rent covenants as the whole run before it, confirming that the council held to a single uniform form through every renewal of the day, so tenant after tenant took his ground on the same terms under the Company's rule. The immediate turn to a lease for John Goodwin, styled gentleman rather than planter, marks a distinction of rank among the island's tenants, John Goodwin sitting on the council itself as fourth member while the parcels granted him were held on the same footing as any planter's. That the board renewed leases to Richard Goodwin, John Goodwin and the Wranghams in a single sitting shows the general reordering reaching the very men who governed the island, the councillors own holdings brought under the same examination and re-granted on the same terms as those of the ordinary planters, the Company's land policy applied without exception to great and small alike.
463		460	Containing five acres more or less Scituate lying and being under the main ridge known by the name of Taylors Land Butting and bounding towards the North upon Lands of Jonathan Doveton towards the South on the said Main Ridge next Sandy bay towards the East upon Lands late of Samll Jefsey and towards the west upon twenty Acres of and Late of Robt Powell and bought of Aunt and every part and parcell thereof with the Appurtenances To have and to hold the said hereby demised premises and every part and parcell thereof and all and Singular the appurtenances thereunto belonging unto him the said John Goodwin his Heirs Executors administrators and Assigns from the day of the date of these presents for and during the term of twentyone Years from thence next Ensuing Upon Condition that the said Honble Company Shall dispose of the same and Upon Condition also that he the said John Goodwin his Heirs Executors administrators and Assigns do and shall bear true and Allegiance to Sovereign our King George the second his Heirs and Successors and true faith to them the said Honble Company and their Successors & duely obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island & Upon condition also that he the said John Goodwin his Heirs Executors administrators or Assigns do and Shall not sell or Sufficiently Keep up on Whatsoever the fences to the said Land the said Quantity of Wood thereon and do & Shall at the End or Determination of this Lease Yeild up & Surrendered in Good Order & Repair unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns All the said hereby demised Land & Tenements & Appurtenances Yeild & Paying therefore Yearly & every Year during the term of this present Lease unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the sum of five Shillings & Acre in at & upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Archangell yearly and Upon further Condition	The lease to John Goodwin granted him a parcel of about five acres, lying under the main ridge, known by the name of Chaplins land. The land was bounded north upon lands of Jonathan Doveton, south upon the main ridge next Sandy Bay, east upon lands late of Samuel Jephry, and west upon twenty acres of land late of Gabriel Worrall and bought of Richard. The parcel was granted to John Goodwin, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, on condition that he and they bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. He was further bound throughout the term to keep in good and sufficient repair all the buildings and fences, and to plant and preserve on the parcel the full quantity of wood. At the end of the term he was to yield up the parcel in good order and repair to the Company. He was to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. Interpretations This parcel named Chaplins land, bounded to the north by Jonathan Doveton and to the east by ground late of Samuel Jephry, is fixed against holdings whose owners appear throughout the year's records, Doveton's own will just proved and Jephry a name recurring from the land disputes of the 1730s, so the boundary preserves the descent of the neighbouring ground. The western bound against twenty acres late of Gabriel Worrall and bought of Richard records a recent purchase and a change of hands, the kind of dealing the lease book now had to keep straight after the calling-in had shown how loosely the planters had tracked their transfers. That John Goodwin the councillor took this ground under the main ridge next Sandy Bay, in the same district as the Wrangham and Steward parcels, shows the board's members holding land among the island's principal estates and renewing it on the same uniform terms, the general reordering applied to the governors own holdings as to any tenant's.
464		461	Condition also be the said John Goodwin his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or their Interest therein without the Leave and Consent of the Governour and Council for the time being In Witness Whereof we the said Governour and Council have Sett our hands and Affixed the Honble Companys Seal this Twelfth day of March in the Seventeenth Year of the Reign of our said Sovereign Lord George the second by the Grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland King defender of the faith and so forth and in the Year of our Lord 1744 and the said John Goodwin to these presents hath here Unto Sett and Seal the day and year above Written (Signed) David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling Executed the two following Leases to Mr Joshua Worrall Agreeable to his Petition of the 26 of february Last Vizt Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies Do hereby Demise Grant Sell and to farm Sett unto Joshua Worrall of the said Island Planter All that Peice or Parcell of Gumwood Land Containing Eight Acres Scituate lying & being in one Branch of Sandy Valley in the East Division of the said Island Butting and Bounding towards the North upon the said Honble Companys West Land towards the South and East upon Land of the said Joshua Worralls own Land and towards the West upon Lease	The John Goodwin lease closed with its final condition and execution. A further condition barred John Goodwin, his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns from selling or disposing of the lease or any interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 12 March 1745, and John Goodwin set his hand and seal to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. The council then executed two further leases to Joshua Worrall, following his petition of 29 February. The first granted to Joshua Worrall, planter of the island, a parcel of gumwood land of about eight acres in one branch of Sandy Valley, in the east division. The land was bounded north upon the Company's waste land, south and east upon part of Joshua Worrall's own leasehold land, and west upon another leasehold. Interpretations The turn from the councillors leases to Joshua Worrall's continues the systematic working through of the island's tenures, the board renewing the substantial planters holdings in succession as each petition came up, Worrall's own request of 29 February now brought to execution. Worrall's eight-acre parcel, bounded on two sides by his own leasehold and on a third by the Company's waste, follows the same pattern of rounding out an existing estate that ran through the Wrangham grants, the Company letting the intervening ground to consolidate a planter's holding. That Worrall took two leases together, as Wrangham had taken four, marks the way the larger tenants gathered several parcels in a single sitting, the general reordering allowing each holder to renew and consolidate the whole of his ground at once as the calling-in sorted the sound titles for re-granting.
465		462	Lands now in the possession of Elizabeth Allis Widow, Scituated in deep Valley To have and to hold the said hereby Demised Parcel of Land and every part & Parcel thereof together with all and Singular the Wood Water Watercourses Houses Buildings Edifices Sheds Tenements Yams Plantations of yams fruit trees Walls Fences & all other & Singular the Rights & Commoditys to them & Each & Every of them belonging or Appertaining unto him the said Joshua Worrall his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns from the date hereof for and during all the Space or Term of Twenty one Years from thence next Ensuing Upon Condition that he the said Joshua Worrall his Heirs Executors Administrator or Allowed Assigns Shall & do bear true faith & Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs & Successors & true Faith to them the said Honourable Company and their Successors & Shall duely observe & obey all the Laws & Constitutions of the said Island & Upon Condition also that he the said Joshua Worrall his Heirs Executors Administrator or Allowed Assigns Shall and do from time to time & at all Times hereafter During the Term of this Lease keep up & Maintain in good & Sufficient Repair all such Buildings Houses Sheds Tenements Plantations & Fences as now are or hereafter Shall be made Built or Erected thereon & Shall Moreover Plant keep up & Maintain & Preserve in & upon the said hereby demised Parcel of Land its full Quantity or Proportions of Wood being one tenth part of the eight Parcel of Land & Shall likewise Plant & Preserve Furze within Side and without side the said fences of the said Parcel of Land & Shall Plant Fruit Trees such as Apple Lemmon Mulberry or Peach trees in such part thereof wherein they are Most Likely to Grow and as they Shall happen to decay or dye Shall Replant others of the Like sort thereon without Prejudice nevertheless to Such Part of the said Land as Shall be Reserved for the	The first Joshua Worrall lease continued. Its western boundary was against leasehold land now in the possession of Elizabeth Allis widow, in Deep Valley. The grant carried the parcel and every part of it, together with all woods, water and watercourses, houses, buildings, sheds, tenements, yams and yam plantations, fruit trees, fences and all other rights and commodities, to Joshua Worrall, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, on condition that he and they bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. He was further bound throughout the term to keep in good and sufficient repair all the buildings, houses, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards built, to plant and preserve on the parcel its full quantity or proportion of wood, being one tenth part of the land, to plant and preserve furze within and without the fences, and to plant apple, lemon, mulberry and peach trees on whatever part of the ground they were most likely to grow, replacing with others of the like sort any that decayed or died, without prejudice however to any part set apart for yams. Interpretations The naming of Elizabeth Allis widow as the holder of the neighbouring leasehold in Deep Valley records a woman holding land in her own right, one of several widows appearing through the year's records as tenants and testators, the boundary noting her possession as the lease book preserved. The lease carries the same tenth-part-in-wood, furze and four-fruit-tree covenants as the whole run of renewals, so Worrall's holding was brought to the identical form the council now applied to every parcel, the general reordering holding to one uniform pattern across the east and south divisions alike. The eight-acre parcel bounded by Worrall's own leasehold on two sides and by two other tenants leaseholds shows again how closely the cultivated valleys were divided, each new grant hemmed in by named holders on every side, the Company parcelling out its remaining waste to the established planters as their leases came up.
466		463	the sole purpose of Planting and Raising of Yams Yeilding & paying therefore Yearly & every Year during the term of this present Lease unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the sum of five Shillings & Acre in at & upon the feast of St Michael the Archangel Yearly and Upon further Condition that he the said Joshua Worrall his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns shall not alter or remove the said Fences they being the Limits or Land Marks of the Parcel of Land aforesaid and Shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest Within it without the Leave and Consent of the Governour and Council for the time being In Witness Whereof we the said Govr & Council have Sett our hands & Affixed the Honble Companys Seal in St Helena this 12 day of March in the year 1744 and the said Joshua Worrall hath to the Other Part sett his hand & Seal the day & Year above Written (Signed) David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies Do hereby Demise grant sell and to farm sett unto Joshua Worrall of the said Island Planter All that Peice or parcell of Cabbage Tree Land Situate lying and being at or near the Head of	The first Joshua Worrall lease closed with its rent and final conditions. He was to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. A further condition barred him from altering or removing the fences, they being the limits or land marks of the parcel, and from selling or disposing of the lease without the leave and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 12 March 1745, and Joshua Worrall set his hand and seal to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. The second lease to Joshua Worrall then began. The Company granted to Joshua Worrall, planter of the island, a parcel of cabbage tree land of about thirteen and a half acres, lying at or near the head of a gumwood. Interpretations The second Worrall parcel is cabbage tree land, the very sort the council had lately resolved to grant only with a clause reserving the timber to the Company, so this lease should carry the felling restriction the board had decided to insert in all such grants after finding the planters had left the fort short of laths and rafters. At thirteen and a half acres it is the larger of Worrall's two holdings, the cabbage tree ground bearing the useful wood that made such land worth reserving, so the parcel joins the timber question that ran through these consultations. The lease following immediately on the first shows Worrall consolidating his estate in a single sitting as Wrangham had done, the two parcels together adding some twenty-one acres, the general reordering allowing each substantial tenant to renew and gather his ground at once as the calling-in confirmed his titles.
467		464	Dagwood Valley Plain in the East Division of the said Island by or leading to deep Valley Butting & Bounding towards the North & East upon the Lands Late in the Possession of John Swanks West upon part of the free Lands belonging to Thos Allis decd & towards the South upon the said Honble Companys West Land Situate near the Head of Deep Valley Adjoying Acres of Land belonging to the said Joshua Worrall To have and to hold the said hereby demised Parcell of Land & every part and Parcell thereof together with all and Singular the Wood Water Watercourses Houses Buildings Edifices Sheds Tenements Yams & Plantations of Yams fruit trees & other and Singular the Rights & Commoditys to them & each and every of them belonging or Appertaining unto him the said Joshua Worrall his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for and during all the space & Terms of Twenty one Years from thence next Ensuing Upon Condition that he the said Joshua Worrall his Heirs Executors Administrators & Allowed Assigns Shall & do bear true faith to them & Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the second his Heirs and Successors & true faith to them the said Honorable Company & their Successors and Shall duly obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island and Upon Condition also that he the said Joshua Worrall his Executors Administrator or Allowed Assigns shall and do from time to time and at all Times hereafter during the term of this Lease keep up and Maintain in good Order & Sufficient Repair all such Buildings Houses Edifices Sheds Tenements Plantations & fences as now or hereafter or hereafter Shall be made Built or Erected thereon & Shall Moreover Plant keep up & Maintain & Preserve in and upon the said hereby demised Parcell of Land its full Quantity or Proportions of Wood being one tenth Part of the said Parcel of Land and Shall Likewise Plant and	The second Joshua Worrall lease continued. The parcel lay at Dogwood Valley Plain in the east division, called Dogwood Valley. It was bounded north and east upon lands late in the possession of John Swaites, west upon part of the freehold lands belonging to John Allis deceased, and south upon the Company's waste land near the head of Deep Valley, adjoining acres of land belonging to Joshua Worrall. The grant carried the parcel and every part of it, together with all woods, water and watercourses, houses, buildings, sheds, tenements, yams and yam plantations, fruit trees, fences and all other rights and commodities, to Joshua Worrall, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, on condition that he and they bear true faith and allegiance to King George the second and to the Company, and obey all the laws of the island. He was further bound throughout the term to keep in good and sufficient repair all the buildings, houses, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards built, and to plant and preserve on the parcel its full quantity or proportion of wood, being one tenth part of the land. Interpretations The parcel at Dogwood Valley takes its name from the dogwood, another of the island's native woods that recur in these boundaries beside the gumwood and cabbage tree, so the district itself was named for the timber it once bore, the same trees the Company now bound its tenants to replant. The bounding against land late of John Swaites and the freehold of John Allis deceased fixes the parcel among holdings whose owners appear through the year's records, Swaites the overseer and lemon-supplier of the accounts and Allis a name recurring in the garrison and pay rolls, the boundaries preserving the descent of the neighbouring ground. That this second parcel adjoins Worrall's own land near the head of Deep Valley shows the two leases consolidating his estate across the east division, the tenant gathering scattered pieces around his existing holdings as the general reordering renewed each in turn.
468		465	and Preserve Furze within side & without the said fences of the said Parcell of Land & Shall Plant Fruit trees such as Apple Lemmon Mulberry or Peach Trees in Such Part thereof wherein they are Most Likely to grow and as they Shall happen to decay or dye Shall Replant others of the Like sorts thereon without Prejudice nevertheless to such Part of the said Land as Shall be Sett apart for the sole Purpose of Planting and Raising of Yams Yeilding & Paying therefore Yearly & every Year during the Term of this present Lease untoisthem the said the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the sum of five Shillings pr Acre in at & upon the Feast of St Michael the Arch Angell Yearly And Upon Further Condition that he the said Joshua Worrall his Heirs Executors Administrators or Allowed Assigns Shall not alter or remove the said Fences they being the Limits & Land Marks of the Parcel of Land Aforesaid & Shall not sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave and Consent of the Governour & Council for the time being In Witness whereof the said Governour and Council have sett our hands and Affixed the Honble Company Seal in St Helena this 12 day of March in the Year of our Lord 1744 and the said Joshua Worrall hath to the other Part sett his hand and Seal the day and Year Above Written (Signed) David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Purling Memorandum that this Lease is not to be Valid unless the Honble Company are Pleasd to Approve of it This Day the Steward, Gunner, & Steward Laid before us their Several Accts for the Feby last which were Examined, and Approved, and are as follows Vizt	The second Joshua Worrall lease closed with its planting covenants and execution. He was to plant and preserve furze within and without the fences, and to plant apple, lemon, mulberry and peach trees on whatever part of the ground they were most likely to grow, replacing with others of the like sort any that decayed or died, without prejudice however to any part set apart solely for planting and raising yams. He was to pay a yearly rent of 5s an acre at the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. A further condition barred him from altering or removing the fences, they being the limits or land marks of the parcel, and from selling or disposing of the lease without the leave and consent of the Governor and council in office at the time. The Company set its seal at St Helena on 12 March 1745, and Joshua Worrall set his hand and seal to the counterpart on the same day. The deed was subscribed David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. A memorandum noted that the lease was not to be valid unless the Company were pleased to approve of it. The husband, gunner and steward then each delivered their accounts for the month of February, which were examined and approved. Interpretations The memorandum reserving the lease to the Company's approval, added here as to the Steward grant, marks the same fresh caution the council now attached to its more substantial grants, keeping a final say for London over the very leases it executed. That this reservation falls on the cabbage tree parcel is telling, the timber-bearing land being just the sort the board was most careful to hold subject to the Company's pleasure after resolving that such ground had been let away too freely by former Governors. The return to the husband's, gunner's and steward's monthly accounts marks the close of the long run of leases and the resumption of the routine administration, the three officers rendering their February reckonings as the council turned from the great reordering of the island's tenures back to the ordinary monthly business of stock, ordnance and provisions.
469		466	Account of the Honoble Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of Feb:ry 1744 Vizt Bullocks, Cows, Wafers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ews, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ews, Weathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Boars, Piggs, Xpres, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, Geese, Xpres, Total Remaining 1st Feb:ry: 21 Bullocks, 108 Cows, 11 Wafers, 20 Steers, 40 Yearlings, 130 Calves, 4 Bulls, 334 Total, 85 Ews, 9 Weathers, 74 Lambs, 3 Rams, 171 Total, 132 Ews, 23 Weathers, 176 Kids, 1 Rams, 332 Total, 19 Sows, 2 Barrows, 23 Boars, 68 Piggs, 1 Xpres, 123 Total, 107 Turkeys, 111 Fowls, 36 Chickens, 40 Ducks, 13 Geese, 7 Xpres, 10 Total, 17 Encresed in do: 0 Bullocks, 0 Cows, 0 Wafers, 0 Steers, 15 Yearlings, 0 Calves, 0 Bulls, 15 Total, 0 Ews, 0 Weathers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 0 Weathers, 8 Kids, 0 Rams, 8 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Boars, 11 Piggs, 0 Xpres, 11 Total, 7 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Chickens, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Xpres, 0 Total, 0 21 Bullocks, 108 Cows, 11 Wafers, 20 Steers, 40 Yearlings, 145 Calves, 4 Bulls, 349 Total, 85 Ews, 9 Weathers, 74 Lambs, 3 Rams, 171 Total, 132 Ews, 23 Weathers, 184 Kids, 1 Rams, 340 Total, 19 Sows, 2 Barrows, 23 Boars, 79 Piggs, 1 Xpres, 134 Total, 114 Turkeys, 111 Fowls, 36 Chickens, 9 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Xpres, 0 Total, 0 Stole in do: 21 Bullocks, 108 Cows, 11 Wafers, 20 Steers, 40 Yearlings, 145 Calves, 4 Bulls, 349 Total, 85 Ews, 9 Weathers, 74 Lambs, 3 Rams, 171 Total, 132 Ews, 23 Weathers, 184 Kids, 1 Rams, 340 Total, 19 Sows, 2 Barrows, 23 Boars, 79 Piggs, 1 Xpres, 134 Total, 114 Turkeys, 111 Fowls, 36 Chickens, 9 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Xpres, 0 Total, 0 died in do: 0 Bullocks, 1 Cows, 0 Wafers, 0 Steers, 0 Yearlings, 0 Calves, 0 Bulls, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 0 Weathers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 0 Weathers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Boars, 0 Piggs, 0 Xpres, 0 Total, 2 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Chickens, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Xpres, 0 Total, 0 Kill'd in do: 0 Bullocks, 1 Cows, 0 Wafers, 0 Steers, 0 Yearlings, 1 Calves, 1 Bulls, 0 Total, 1 Ews, 0 Weathers, 2 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 0 Weathers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Boars, 3 Piggs, 0 Xpres, 3 Total, 6 Turkeys, 4 Fowls, 0 Chickens, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Xpres, 0 Total, 0 0 Bullocks, 0 Cows, 0 Wafers, 0 Steers, 0 Yearlings, 0 Calves, 0 Bulls, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 0 Weathers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 0 Weathers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 3 Boars, 1 Piggs, 0 Xpres, 4 Total, 1 Turkeys, 6 Fowls, 0 Chickens, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Xpres, 0 Total, 0 21 Bullocks, 107 Cows, 11 Wafers, 20 Steers, 40 Yearlings, 145 Calves, 4 Bulls, 348 Total, 84 Ews, 9 Weathers, 73 Lambs, 3 Rams, 169 Total, 132 Ews, 23 Weathers, 184 Kids, 1 Rams, 340 Total, 19 Sows, 2 Barrows, 30 Boars, 75 Piggs, 1 Xpres, 127 Total, 111 Turkeys, 99 Fowls, 36 Chickens, 54 Ducks, 40 Geese, 13 Xpres, 7 Total, 10, 17 Pork Expended 223 Yams Expended 25000 E.E & C Dixon Husbd	The account set out the honourable company's stock of neat cattle and other animals for the month of February 1745. The neat cattle were divided into bullocks, cows, mares, steers, yearlings, calves and bulls; the sheep into ewes, wethers, lambs and rams; the goats into ewes, wethers, kids and rams; the hogs into sows, barrows, boars, shoats, pigs and boars; and the poultry into turkeys, fowls, chickens, ducks and geese, with horses and mares kept separately. Remaining 1 February: Neat cattle: 21 bullocks, 108 cows, 11 mares, 20 steers, 40 yearlings, 130 calves, 4 bulls, total 334 Sheep: 85 ewes, 9 wethers, 74 lambs, 3 rams, total 171 Goats: 132 ewes, 23 wethers, 176 kids, 1 ram, total 332 Hogs: 19 sows, 2 barrows, 23 boars, 24 shoats, total 68 Poultry: 1 turkey, 123 fowls, 107 chickens, 111 ducks, 36 geese, total 40 Horses and mares: 13 horses, 7 mares, total 17 Increased in the month: Yearlings 15, calves 15 Goats: 8 kids, total 8 Hogs: 11 pigs, total 11 Stock in the month: Neat cattle: 21 bullocks, 108 cows, 11 mares, 20 steers, 40 yearlings, 145 calves, 4 bulls, total 349 Sheep: 85 ewes, 9 wethers, 74 lambs, 3 rams, total 171 Goats: 132 ewes, 23 wethers, 184 kids, 1 ram, total 340 Hogs: 19 sows, 2 barrows, 23 boars, 24 shoats, total 79 Poultry: 1 turkey, 134 fowls, 104 chickens, 111 ducks, 36 geese Died in the month: Neat cattle: 1 calf Poultry: 2 Killed in the month: Neat cattle: 1 calf, total 1 Sheep: 1 lamb, total 2 Poultry: 3 fowls, total 3, and 6 ducks, 4 geese Killed further: Hogs: 3 shoats, 1 pig Poultry: 4 ducks, 6 geese Remaining at the end: Neat cattle: 21 bullocks, 107 cows, 11 mares, 20 steers, 40 yearlings, 145 calves, 4 bulls, total 348 Sheep: 84 ewes, 9 wethers, 73 lambs, 3 rams, total 169 Goats: 132 ewes, 23 wethers, 184 kids, 1 ram, total 340 Hogs: 19 sows, 2 barrows, 30 boars, 24 shoats, total 75 Poultry: 1 turkey, 127 fowls, 111 chickens, 99 ducks, 36 geese, total 540 Horses and mares: 13 horses, 7 mares, total 17 Pork expended: 223 lb Yams expended: 25,000 lb The account was signed by Christopher Dixon as husbandman, errors excepted. Interpretations The stock was returned under a fixed set of livestock classes tracked month by month, each animal counted according to its sex and stage of growth. The distinctions between yearlings, steers and bulls, or between shoats, barrows and boars, carried real weight in a farm account of this kind, since breeding animals, growing animals and those kept for slaughter served different purposes and had to be told apart if the herd's increase was to be judged accurately. The month showed a modest natural increase in yearlings, kids and pigs set against a small number killed for the table and lost to death, the calf stock rising through the winter breeding season that on St Helena fell in the southern-hemisphere cooler months. The heading rank of husbandman marked the officer answerable for the Company's plantations and stock, who signed the monthly return in that farm-manager capacity. Christopher Dixon, third of council, had by this date taken on the plantation and stock oversight formerly held by Samuel Doveton, whose discharge in September 1744 for false stock returns had made the accuracy of these monthly counts a matter of particular concern. The Company relied on the return as its only check on what its herds actually held, so a signed and attested figure each month was the mechanism by which distant directors could satisfy themselves that the island's livestock was neither wasting nor being quietly converted to private use.
470		467	Gunners Stores Expended in Feb:ry 1744 Vizt Barrls Fired, qtr, 3, qtr, lbs 16 Powder Deliver'd to the Stone Blaster one Barrell: 0 Barrls Fired, 0 qtr, 0 3, 0 qtr, 100 lbs 20 Alarum: 6 Barrls Fired, 2 qtr, 2 3, 2 qtr, 13 lbs Powder deliver'd for the Use of the small armes: 0 Barrls Fired, 0 qtr, 0 3, 0 qtr, 44 lbs Powder do to Thos Watts to Shoad for ye Govr: 0 Barrls Fired, 0 qtr, 0 3, 0 qtr, 1/2 lbs The Total: 6 Barrls Fired, 2 qtr, 2 3, 2 qtr, 212 1/2 lbs Trucks delivd to Hinslow: 8 Paper: 3 Match: 14 Spunge Staves: 1 Rammer Head: 1 Spunge do: 1 Worm: 1 John French Margin Notes: Gunday of the Month	The account set out the gunner's stores expended in February 1745. The powder was reckoned in guns fired, then in hundredweight, quarters and pounds. 16 powder delivered to the stone blaster, one barrel: 0 guns fired, 0 cwt, 0 qtr, 0 lb, 100 lb 20 alarm: 6 guns fired, 2 cwt, 2 qtr, 2 lb, 13 lb Powder delivered for the use of the small arms: 0 guns fired, 0 cwt, 0 qtr, 0 lb, 99 lb Powder delivered to Thomas Watts to store for the good: 0 guns fired, 0 cwt, 0 qtr, 0 lb, 0.5 lb The total: 6 guns fired, 2 cwt, 2 qtr, 2 lb, 212.5 lb Trucks delivered to Winslow: 8 pairs Paper: 3 quires Match: 14 lb Sponge staves: 1 Rammer head: 1 Sponge: 1 Worm: 1 The account was signed by John French. Interpretations The powder was tracked against the occasions on which it was spent, the alarm firing of six guns being distinguished from the far larger quantities issued for purposes other than salute or defence. A whole barrel of one hundred pounds went to the stone blaster, the man who split rock for the fortification works with charges of gunpowder, and a further ninety-nine pounds was drawn for the small arms of the garrison, so that the month's consumption fell overwhelmingly on labour and on musketry rather than on the great guns. This pattern reflected an island keeping its powder for practical work in a season with little shipping in the road to salute. The stores named alongside the powder were the consumable furniture of muzzle-loading artillery. A sponge cleaned and damped the bore between firings, a rammer drove home the charge, and a worm drew a spent charge, while sponge staves were the shafts these were fitted to and trucks were the wheels of a gun carriage. Match was the slow-burning cord that carried fire to the touchhole, and paper served for making up cartridges. The issue of these items in small numbers marked the ordinary wear of exercising and maintaining the guns rather than any heavy service. The delivery of powder to Thomas Watts to store, and of trucks to Winslow, recorded the movement of Company stores into named hands for keeping or use, the gunner accounting for every item passing out of the magazine. John French had held the gunner's office on the island since 1727, and his signed monthly return was the means by which the Company could satisfy itself that its powder and ordnance stores were being spent on its own service and not quietly diverted.
471		468	Sundrys Expended in the Month of Feb:ry 1744 Vizt 67 Bottles of Wine £ 4 9 1 9 do Lisbon 12 3/4 36 do Burgundy 9 do Red Cape 12 4 1/2 1 do White 1 4 1/2 33 Gall Goa Arrack 3 7 3/4 3 1/2 Pinds Batavia do 30 Candy 9 4 1/2 17 lb Sugar 3 7 1 Cask Flower 1 10 7 30 Butter 1 10 6 Cheese 6 8 Pieces of Pork Salt 1 2 6 2 do of Beef 5 10 1/2 6 Fowles 6 Turkey 5 1 Piggy 5 2 do of Firence oyle 5 1 do Coffee 6 Pork 223 5 11 6 £ 21 3 1	The account set out the sundries expended in the month of February 1745. 67 bottles of port wine, £4 9s 1d 9 bottles of Lisbon, £0 12s 3.75d 36 bottles of Burgundy, £0 0s 0d 9 bottles of red Cape, £0 12s 4.5d 1 bottle of white, £0 1s 4.5d 33 gallons of Goa arrack, and 3.5 pints of Batavia arrack, £3 7s 0.75d 30 lb of candy, £0 9s 4.5d 17 lb of sugar, £0 3s 7d 1 cask of flour, £1 10s 7d 30 lb of butter, £1 10s 0d 6 lb of cheese, £0 0s 6d 8 pieces of pork salted, £1 2s 6d 2 pieces of beef, £0 5s 10.5d 6 fowls, £0 0s 6d turkey, £0 5s 0d 1 pig, £0 5s 0d 2 gallons of Florence oil, £0 5s 0d coffee, £0 0s 6d pork 223 lb, £5 11s 6d Total: £21 3s 1d Interpretations The account gathered the month's issues of provisions and drink from the Company's stores, valued at the island's own selling prices and totalled in sterling. The heavy weighting toward wine and spirits, port, Lisbon, Burgundy, Cape and arrack together making up more than half the sum, reflected the standing charge of the general table, at which the Governor, council and their guests were maintained at the Company's expense. Port had become the wine drunk in quantity on the island, and the Goa and Batavia arrack were the palm or rice spirits shipped from India that served as the ordinary strong drink of the settlement. Several of the named goods were imported commodities familiar in the island's supply accounts but less so to a modern reader. Candy was sugar candy, the refined crystallised sugar carried in chests from the Company's Indian settlements alongside the coarser sugar; Florence oil was the olive oil of Tuscany, shipped out for the table; and the Cape wine came from the Dutch settlement at the Cape of Good Hope, a natural stop on the homeward route. The salted pork and beef, the butter and the cheese were the preserved provisions that kept in store between the arrivals of shipping, set against the fresh fowls, turkey and pig drawn from the Company's own stock. The separate entry of 223 lb of pork, valued at more than a quarter of the whole account, matched the pork figure returned in the same month's stock account, tying the two records together so that the meat drawn from the herds could be checked against the provisions issued from the stores. This cross-reference was the means by which the Company could satisfy itself that what left its plantations and its warehouse was fully accounted for at a consistent value.
472		469	Dr Cash Per Contra Cr 1744 Feb:ry 1 To Balance remaining£ 2092 19 10 1/4 Feb:ry the By Cash Pd Mr Chris Dixon for so much Pd by him for things Bought for the Honoble Company in the Month of Feb:ry last 2 10 — By Cash Pd Wm Price for Coming Express with an Account of a Vessell being to Windward " 5 " By Ballce of Cash remaining Feb:ry 28th on the following Species Vizt 437 Pagodas at 9 Each 196 13 " 29 Venetians 10 14 10 " 20 Ducketts 6 6 Large piece of Gold wt 11:16:3 1/4 at £ 3: 18:3 P oz 46 " 6 3/4 4 Smallr Ditto 3: 9:12 3: 18 P oz 13 11 1/2 1 Moider 6 6 7/8 of a Joannes 4 6 7/8 of a Gold Rupee Gold amounting to 15 278 2 " 4830 Dollars at 5 Each 1207 10 " 20 Half dollars 4/6 4 10 " 228 Double Ryals 1/3 14 6 " 118 Ryals 7 1/2 3 13 9 3343 Half Ryals 3 3/4 52 4 8 1/4 441 French Pieces 2/ 3 13 6 Half Ducatoon 3 " Odd Money Silver amounting to 2 11 1284 2 10 1/2 160 Cash Notes at P 2/6 Each 20 " 260 Ditto 5 65 " 153 do 20 153 " 145 Ditto 40 290 " Cash Notes amounting to 528 " £ 2092 12 10 1/4 £ 2092 19 10 1/4	The cash account was set out debtor and creditor. On the debtor side, the balance remaining on 1 February 1745 stood at £2,092 19s 10.5d. On the creditor side, the account recorded the following. 7 February: cash paid to Christopher Dixon for pork bought for the honourable company in the month last past: £2 10s 0d Cash paid to William Price for coming express with an account of a vessel bound to windward: £0 5s 0d The balance of cash remaining on 28 February 1745 was made up of the following species. 437 pagodas at 9s each: £196 13s 0d 29 Venetians at 10s: £14 10s 0d 20 gubbers at 6s: £6 0s 0d 1 large piece of gold weighing 11 dwt 16 gr, at £3 18s 3d per ounce: £46 1s 6.75d 4 small pieces of gold weighing 3 dwt 9 gr 12, at £3 18s per ounce: £13 11s 0.5d 1 moidore: £0 6s 9d 7/8 of a Japanese: £0 4s 6d 1/2 of a gold rupee: £0 0s 15d Gold amounting to: £278 2s 0d 4,850 dollars at 5s each: £1,207 10s 0d 20 half dollars at 2s 6d: £2 10s 0d 228 double rials at 1s 3d: £14 6s 0d 118 rials at 7.5d: £3 13s 9d 3,343 half rials at 3.25d: £52 4s 8.25d 441 French pieces at 2s: £3 13s 6d half ducatoon: £0 3s 0d odd money: £0 2s 11d Silver amounting to: £1,281 2s 10.5d 160 cash notes at 2s 6d each: £20 0s 0d 260 ditto at 5s: £65 0s 0d 153 ditto at 20s: £153 0s 0d 145 ditto at 40s: £290 0s 0d Cash notes amounting to: £528 0s 0d Total: £2,092 19s 10.5d Interpretations The account showed the whole of the Company's treasury on the island reckoned coin by coin and note by note, each foreign piece converted into sterling at a fixed rate before the sums were totalled. St Helena held almost no English money of its own, so its cash consisted of the gold and silver of half the trading world, brought in by the shipping that called on the homeward route. The three classes of the balance, gold, silver and cash notes, were struck separately and then carried into the grand total, so that the physical contents of the chest could be checked against the books at the close of the month. The species named were the currencies a mid-Atlantic victualling station accumulated from Indian, European and colonial trade. Pagodas were the gold coins of southern India, worth about nine shillings; Venetians and gubbers were foreign gold pieces held by weight and tale; moidores were Portuguese gold; and the dollars and their divisions into half dollars, double rials, rials and half rials were the Spanish silver that formed the bulk of the treasury, more than half the whole sum lying in dollars alone. Loose gold was weighed in pennyweights and grains and priced by the ounce, since worn or cut pieces could not be taken at any fixed face value. The cash notes were the island's own paper currency, issued by the Company in fixed denominations of half a crown, five shillings, one pound and two pounds, and they made up a quarter of the balance. Their presence alongside the foreign coin marked an economy that could not rely on a steady supply of specie and so ran partly on the Company's promise to pay. The two payments charged against the account, for pork bought for the Company and for a man who rode express with news of a ship standing to windward, showed the ordinary small disbursements of the settlement set against the great mass of treasure held in reserve for bills of exchange and the Company's larger dealings.
473		470	The Six Licences Granted last year to retail Spirituous Liquors being Expired Ordered the following Advertisement to be Published Vizt St Helena March 13th 1744 All Persons who were Licenced to sell Liquors Contr[...] are required to return their Licences into the Sec:ry Office, and a discharge the fees for such Licence, on or before the 19 instand And All Persons who in Contempt of Authority are Presume to sell & retail Liquors within that time without Licence, do attend the Council on Tuesday next & the 19 instant in Order to Pay fees of Licences, & such fines as the Gov and Council shall think fitt to Lay upon them for such their Contempt And such Persons as design to ask Licence for the Ensuing Year are desired to give in their Proposalls in Writing signed by them, & sealed to the Sec:ry to be Opened in Council of the highest Bidder may be preferred to the Others David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Twiling	The six licences granted the previous year to retail spirituous liquors having expired, the council ordered the following advertisement to be published. At St Helena on 13 March 1745, every person who had held a licence to sell liquor by retail was required to return the licence into the secretary's office, and to discharge the fee for it, on or before 19 March. All who dared to sell or retail liquor after that date without a licence, in contempt of authority, were to attend the council on the following Tuesday, 26 March, so that the fees of the licences might be paid, along with whatever fine the Governor and council thought fit to impose for such contempt. Every person who meant to take a licence for the coming year was directed to give in a proposal, signed and sealed, to the secretary, to be opened in council, so that the highest bidder might be preferred to the others. The advertisement was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Gurling. Interpretations The council let the right to sell liquor by competitive sealed bid rather than at a fixed fee, directing that each applicant lodge a signed and sealed proposal to be opened together in council so that the licence went to the highest bidder. This turned the retail of spirits into a source of revenue set by the trade itself rather than by the board's own valuation, and the sealed form guarded against collusion or favour by keeping every offer secret until all were opened at once. The number of licences had stood at six the previous year, a deliberate cap on the number of drinking houses on a small island. The requirement that expired licences be returned to the secretary's office and the fee discharged by a fixed day, backed by the threat of a summons and a fine for anyone selling without one, showed the council using its licensing power both to raise money and to police the trade. Unlicensed retail of strong liquor had been a recurring offence on the island, and setting a firm date after which sale without a licence became a punishable contempt gave the board a clear line to enforce against those who traded on regardless. The provision that a contemnor pay not only the fine but the licence fee itself closed off the advantage a man might otherwise gain by selling without paying, since he would end by owing both the fee he had tried to avoid and a penalty on top of it. This structure reflected the difficulty of controlling a profitable trade in a settlement where drink was in constant demand and enforcement rested on the council's willingness to summon offenders before it.
474		471	At a Consultation held on the 19 of March 1744 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Charles Hutchinson Lt Govr Christopher Dixon 2d John Goodwin 4th Matthew Sterling 5th of Council Agreable to an Advertisement Published last Consultation, the Persons Licenced Last Year to Sell Strong Liquors Attended and paid into the Noble Company's Cash P Wm the Money due from them on that Account Mr Benjamin Seale & Mr William Seale, the Executors of Robert Garling deed and the Executors of John Alexander deceased severally petitioned to have Leases renewed which were expired, Granted on the usuall Conditions We this day demanded of Mr Benjamin Ploodgerd trustee to the Estate of the late Joseph Ayes, an old Debt due from the said Joseph Ayes to the Honble Company David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Twiling	At a consultation held on 26 March 1745 at the castle, the following were present: Colonel David Dunbar, Governor; Captain Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor; Christopher Dixon, third of council; John Godwin, fourth of council; and Matthew Purling, fifth of council. In line with the advertisement published at the last consultation, the persons licensed the previous year to sell strong liquors attended and paid into the honourable company's cash the money due from them on that account. Benjamin Seale and William Seale, the executors of Robert Gurling deceased, and the executors of John Alexander deceased, each petitioned to have leases renewed which had expired. The council granted them on the usual conditions. The council this day demanded of Benjamin Pledger, trustee to the estate of the late Joseph Hayes, an old debt due from Joseph Hayes to the honourable company. The consultation was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Purling. Interpretations The licensing scheme advertised at the previous consultation came into effect at once, the former licensees attending in person to pay their arrears into the Company's cash, which confirmed that the sealed-bid arrangement for the retail of spirits was working as a live source of revenue rather than a paper formality. The council treated the licence fees as a debt to be collected on a fixed day, of a piece with its handling of the outstanding sums owed on the island. The renewal of expired leases to the executors of deceased holders showed the customary mechanism by which Company land passed on when a tenant died. The leases were held by named executors administering the estates of Robert Gurling and John Alexander, and the grant on the usual conditions carried forward the standing obligations to fence and plant a proportion of wood that the council attached to every renewal, so that the land remained under the same terms of cultivation whoever now occupied it. The demand made on Benjamin Pledger as trustee to Joseph Hayes's estate for an old debt to the Company illustrated how a debt survived the death of the person who owed it and fell to be recovered from whoever administered the estate. The council pursued such standing debts through the trustees who held the deceased's property, the estate remaining answerable to the Company until the sum was cleared however long it had stood unpaid.
475		472	At a Consultation held on the 26 March 1745 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar, Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Vice Govr Christopher Dixon 3d John Goodwin 4th of Councel Matthew Sterling 5th The last Consultation was read and approved The Executor of the late John Bagett presented a petition praying to have two Leases renewed Granted Agreable to an Order of last Consultation Mr Benjamin Ploodgerd attended and paid £ 34 . 18 . 4 the money due from the late Joseph Ayes to the Honble Company Mr John Worrall presented a petition praying to have a Copy of two Leases the Originals being lost Granted David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Twiling	At a consultation held on 26 March 1745 at the castle, the following were present: Colonel David Dunbar, Governor; Captain Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor; Christopher Dixon, third of council; John Godwin, fourth of council; and Matthew Purling, fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. The executor of the late John Bazett presented a petition asking to have two leases renewed. The council granted it. In line with an order of the last consultation, Benjamin Pledger attended and paid £34 18s 4d, the money due from the late Joseph Hayes to the honourable company. John Worrall presented a petition asking to have a copy of two leases, the originals being lost. The council granted it. The consultation was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Purling. Interpretations The payment of £34 18s 4d by Benjamin Pledger settled the standing debt the council had demanded of him at the previous consultation, showing the board's practice of pursuing a claim across successive meetings until the executor or trustee of a deceased debtor's estate brought in the sum. The debt had passed from Joseph Hayes through his estate to the trustee who administered it, and its clearance closed a matter that had turned on the Company's power to recover an old obligation from whoever now held the deceased's property. The renewal of two leases for the executor of John Bazett's estate continued the ordinary process by which Company land descended when a holder died, the executor standing in the place of the late tenant to keep the ground on the same footing. This was one of a run of such renewals granted through the spring of 1745, part of a wider calling-in and re-examination of the island's leases under Governor Dunbar. John Worrall's request for copies of two leases whose originals were lost reflected a recurring difficulty on the island, where title deeds were readily mislaid or carried off to Europe and holders had to apply to the council to reconstruct their right from the register. Granting a certified copy from the Company's own records gave the tenant a document to prove his interest in place of the lost original, the board serving as the keeper of the island's land titles as well as its landlord.
476		473	At a Consultation held on the 2d of April 1745 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Lt Govr Christopher Dixon 3d John Goodwin 4th of Council Matthew Sterling 5th The last Consultation was read and approved Thomas Colgrove petitioned to have a Lease renewed, Granted Mr David Willson Steward of the Market produced an Account of Butter Sold by him from the 20 of October last quantity 535 lb at one Shilling amounts to £ 26 . 15 . 3 which was paid into the Companys Cash Gabriel Isach Thomas Dillingham John Leech Daniel Bush William Davis and Mr Hodgkinson attended and paid into the Companys Cash each forty Shilling for selling spiritous Liquors last Year without being Licenced and we then fined them forty Shilling each for their Contempt of Authority which they all paid except Mr Hodgkinson who was excused the fine, having sold Liquor but a few days There being more Waiters than there is occasion for and Mr James Powell one of them having a plantation in the Country which requires him mostly there, & that for this Year past he has been very little in any of the Offices and his assistance not being wanted, We therefore to ease the Honble Company of all unnecessary	At a consultation held on 2 April 1745 at the castle, the following were present: Colonel David Dunbar, Governor; Captain Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor; Christopher Dixon, third of council; John Godwin, fourth of council; and Matthew Purling, fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. Thomas Colgrove petitioned to have a lease renewed. The council granted it. David Wilson, steward of the market, produced an account of butter sold by him since 20 October last, the quantity being 535.5 lb at one shilling, amounting to £26 15s 3d, which was paid into the Company's cash. Gabriel Isaac, Thomas Dillingham, John Leech, Daniel Bush, William Davis and Mr Hodgkinson attended and each paid into the Company's cash forty shillings for selling spirituous liquors the previous year without being licensed. The council then fined them forty shillings each for their contempt of authority, which they all paid except Mr Hodgkinson, who was excused the fine, having sold liquor for only a few days. The council held that there were more writers than there was occasion for. James Powell, one of them, had a plantation in the country which required him mostly there, so that for the past year he had been very little in any of the offices and his assistance was not needed. The council therefore, to relieve the honourable company of all unnecessary charge, resolved as set out below. The consultation was signed as follows. Interpretations The council enforced the liquor-licensing scheme advertised the previous month with a double charge on those who had traded unlawfully, exacting both the forty-shilling licence fee they had tried to avoid and a further forty-shilling fine for the contempt itself. This left an unlicensed seller worse off than one who had paid in the ordinary way, the structure being designed to remove any advantage in evading the licence. The excusing of Hodgkinson from the fine, on the ground that he had sold for only a few days, showed the board tempering the penalty to the extent of the offence while still collecting the fee. The market steward's account of butter tied the produce sold through the public market back into the Company's revenue, the whole quantity valued at a fixed shilling a pound and the proceeds paid into the cash. The office of market steward, held by David Wilson at a yearly salary, existed to manage the regular market the planters had established, and the rendering of a signed account for goods sold since the previous October was the means by which the Company drew a share of the island's internal trade in provisions. The move against surplus writers marked Governor Dunbar's continuing effort to cut the Company's establishment charges, singling out James Powell as a man whose plantation kept him in the country and whose place in the offices had gone effectively unfilled for a year. Reducing paid posts that served no real function was of a piece with the audit of the previous administration's expenditure that had run through Dunbar's government, the board treating any salary paid for absent service as a charge the Company should not bear.
477		474	unnecessary expence agreed to suspend the said James Powell from any further assistance untill their pleasure be known upon it Mr James Powell being called in and acquainted with the above resolution, He told us, that he being a Covenanted Servt & Senior of the Writers in the Service, thought it hard that He should be Suspended first, and more especially as there was One of Mr French's Sons only an assistant Writer, which We told him We would consider of Imediately & he withdrew. Upon which We inquiring of each other which would take Mr Powell into his Office & finding none were willing, and that Mr French tho an assistant was very Diligent and Serviceable; We called Mr Powell in & told him, That we were upon farther Consideration confirmed in our first Opinion, He being the most Useless Executed the following Leases vizt Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies Do hereby give Grant Set & to Farm Lett unto James Powell Planter All that peice or Parcell of Cabbage tree Land containing two Acres more or Less Situate Lying and being under the Main Ridge known by the Name of Taylor's Land butting and bounding towards the North upon the Lands of Jonathan Dowton towards the South on the said Main Ridge next Sandy Bay towards the East upon Land late of Samuell Pofsey and towards the West upon Twenty Acres of Land late of Gabriel Powell and bought of Richard Beale and Every part	To relieve the honourable company of unnecessary expense, the council agreed to suspend James Powell from any further service until the Company's pleasure be known. James Powell was called in and told of the resolution. He answered that, being a covenanted servant and senior to the other writers in the service, he thought it hard that he should be suspended first, and the more so as one of the writers was only an assistant, being one of John French's sons. The council told him it would consider the matter at once, and he withdrew. The members then asked one another which of them would take Powell into his office, and finding none willing, and that French, though only an assistant, was very diligent and serviceable, they called Powell back and told him that on further consideration they were confirmed in their first opinion, he being the most useless. The council executed the following lease. At the island of St Helena, the lords proprietors of the island, the honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, granted, set and to farm let to James Powell, planter, all that parcel of cabbage tree land containing two acres, more or less, lying under the main ridge and known by the name of Taylor's land. It was bounded on the north by the lands of Jonathan Doveton, on the south by the main ridge next Sandy Bay, on the east by land late of Samuel Pheasy, and on the west by twenty acres of land late of Gabriel Powell and bought of Richard Beale. Interpretations The council's handling of Powell's protest showed how a covenanted servant's seniority gave way to a plain judgement of usefulness once the board tested it against practice. Powell argued from rank, holding it unjust that he should be laid aside before a mere assistant writer, but when the members canvassed one another none would take him into his own office, and the assistant he complained of proved the more serviceable man. The board's return to its first opinion, resting on the finding that Powell was the most useless, marked its willingness to cut a senior but idle post rather than protect it for form's sake, in keeping with Governor Dunbar's drive to reduce the Company's establishment charges. The lease that followed set out the standard form by which the Company, styled the lords proprietors of the island, granted land to a planter for a term of years at a rent. The parcel was cabbage tree land, ground carrying the endemic cabbage trees of the island's higher ridges whose timber the council was at pains to preserve, and it was identified in the customary way by its bounds against the holdings of named neighbours rather than by survey. This method of describing land by its abutting owners served an island without continuous fencing or formal mapping, where a parcel's identity rested on the memory of who held the ground on each side. The chain of title recited in the bounds, the western neighbour being twenty acres late of Gabriel Powell and bought of Richard Beale, reflected the long-running dispute over the Powell estate that had occupied the council for years, Beale having pressed a claim to land held by the Powell family. Naming the source of a neighbouring title in the lease fixed the boundary against a parcel whose ownership had itself been contested, tying the new grant into the settled record of who held what across that part of Sandy Bay.
478		475	part and parcell thereof with the Appts To have and to hold the said hereby demised premises and Every part and parcell thereof And all and Singular the Appurts thereunto belonging unto him the said James Powell his Heirs Exors Admors and Assigns from the day of the Date of these presents for and during the Term of Twenty One Years from thence next Ensueing Upon Condition that the said Honble Company Shall Approve of the same And Upon Condition that He the said James Powell his Heirs Exors Admors and Assigns do and Shall bear true & faith and Alligiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs and Successors and true faith to them the said Honble Company and their Successors and Shall dulely Obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island And Upon Condition that He the said James Powell his Heirs Exors Admors or Assigns do and Shall Well and Sufficiently keep up and Maintain the fences to the said Land and the full Quantity of Wood thereon and do and Shall at the End or Sooner determination of this Lease Yeild up and Surrender in good Order and repair unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns All the said hereby demised Land and premises with the Appurtenances Yeilding and Paying therefore Yearly and Every Year during the Term of this present Lease unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns The Sum of five Shillings P Acre in at or Upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Arch angell Yearly And upon further Condition that He the said James Powell his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Asss Shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or his or their Interest therein without the Leave and Consent of the Govr and Councell for the time being In Witness Whereof We the said Govr & Councill have Sett our hands & Affixed the Honble Companys Seal this 2 day of Aprill in the 17th Year of the Reign of our d Sovereign Lord George the 2d by the Grace of God of great Brittain France & Ireland King Defender of the faith &c And in the Year of our Lord 1745 And the d Ja Powell to the Other part hath sett his hand and Seal the day & Year Abovewritten Signed David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon Jn Goodwin Twiling Island	James Powell, together with his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, was to hold the parcel and all its appurtenances from the date of these presents for a term of twenty-one years, provided the honourable company approved the grant. He and his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns were bound to bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the honourable company and their successors, and to obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. They were further bound to keep up and maintain the fences of the land and the full quantity of wood upon it, and at the end or sooner determination of the lease to yield up and surrender the land and premises in good order and repair to the honourable company, their successors, agents or assigns. For this, they were to pay yearly throughout the term the sum of five shillings an acre, at or upon the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. On a further condition, Powell and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were not to sell or dispose of the lease, or their interest in it, without the leave and consent of the Governor and council of the day. The Governor and council confirmed this by affixing the honourable company's seal on 2 April, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the sovereign lord King George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and in the year 1745. Powell signed the counterpart and set his hand and seal on the same day and year. The lease was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Purling. Interpretations The lease bound the tenant's obligations to run with the land through every future holder, whether by inheritance, administration of an estate or assignment, so that the covenants to preserve the fences and the standing wood held good for the whole twenty-one-year term regardless of who occupied the ground. This reflected the Company's particular concern on St Helena to maintain the island's scarce timber and its grazing enclosures, treating a lease not as a private bargain with one man but as a continuing charge on the land itself. The reservation of the Company's right of consent to any sale or assignment of the lease kept control of who held the island's land in the board's hands, preventing a tenant from passing his interest to an unapproved party. Coupled with the requirement that the whole grant await the honourable company's approval before taking final effect, this showed the layered authority under which island land was let, the local council granting on the ground while the distant directors retained the ultimate say. The rent of five shillings an acre payable at Michaelmas set the grant within the island's standard terms of tenure, the quarter-day feast of Saint Michael the Archangel serving as the fixed date for the yearly payment as it did across English landholding. The requirement to yield up the land in good order and repair at the end of the term protected the reversion, ensuring that the ground came back to the Company neither stripped of its wood nor left with its fences fallen, so that its value was preserved for the next holder.
479		476	Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies Do hereby demise Grant Leave Sett and to Farm Let unto Gabriel Harper and Richard Gurling Exors to the last Will & Testament of Robert Gurling deceased All that Piece or Parcell of Gumwood Land containing One Acre Situate Lying & being at the Head of Broad Gutt and Order the High fall at the bottom of Peak Gutt in the South Division of the said Island Butting & bounding towards the North South East & West Every Way Upon the said Honble Companys Wast Land as & Near the broad Gutt To have and to hold the said hereby demised One Acre of Land with the Appuls and Every part thereof unto them the said Gabriel Harper & Richard Gurling their Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns from the 25 day of March Last In Trust Nevertheless & to the Use of the Children of the said Robert Gurling Senr deed for and during All the time Space & Term of Twenty One Years from thence next Ensueing Upon Condition that the said Children & Each of them their & Each of their Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall Always bear true faith & Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs & Successors & true faith to them the said Honble Company and their Successors And Shall dulely Obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island Yeilding & Paying therefore Yearly and Every Year during the said Term of Twenty One Years unto the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Yearly Rent of five Shillings P Acre in at or Upon the feast of Saint Michael the Arch angell Yearly And Upon further Condition that they the said Gabriel Harper and Richard Gurling their Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall and do keep & Maintain the sd Demised Land and fences in Good Order and Sufficient & Legall Repair & all Such Buildings Houses Offices Sheds Tenements plantations & fences	At the island of St Helena, the lords proprietors of the island, the honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, granted, set and to farm let to Gabriel Harper and Richard Gurling, executors of the last will and testament of Robert Gurling deceased, all that parcel of gumwood land containing one acre, lying at the head of Broad Gut and under the high fall at the bottom of Peak Gut, in the south division of the island. It was bounded on the north, south, east and west by the honourable company's own waste land and lay near Broad Gut. Harper and Gurling, together with their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, were to hold the acre and all its appurtenances from 25 March last, but in trust for the children of Robert Gurling deceased, for a term of twenty-one years. This was on condition that the children, and each of them, and their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns should always bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the honourable company and their successors, and should obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. For this, they were to pay yearly throughout the term the rent of five shillings an acre, at or upon the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. On a further condition, Gabriel Harper and Richard Gurling, with their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, were bound to keep and maintain the land, the fences and all buildings, houses, offices, sheds, tenements and plantations in good order and sufficient and legal repair. Interpretations The lease was granted not to the holders in their own right but to two executors who took the land in trust for the children of the deceased, so that the term ran for the benefit of the young heirs while the named trustees managed it on their behalf. This device kept an estate intact for minors who could not yet hold or administer land themselves, the executors answering to the Company for the rent and the covenants while the children's interest was preserved until they came of age. It reflected the ordinary means by which a planter's holding passed to his children through the hands of those he named to administer his will. The parcel was gumwood land, ground carrying the endemic gumwood trees whose timber the council was anxious to preserve against the island's chronic want of wood, and it lay at Peak Gut, a range where the growth of young ebony had lately been a matter of concern to the board. The requirement to maintain the standing wood along with the fences and buildings tied this small grant into the wider effort to protect the island's scarce timber, the reversion depending on the ground being returned neither stripped nor neglected. The bounds described the acre as lying wholly within the Company's own waste land rather than against the holdings of neighbouring planters, marking it as a parcel newly carved from unallocated ground rather than one long in private hands. The rent of five shillings an acre at Michaelmas and the binding of every future holder to the same obligations set the grant within the island's standard terms of tenure, the trust for the children being the single feature that distinguished it from an ordinary planter's lease.
480		477	As now are or hereafter Shall be made built or Erected thereon & Shall Moreover Plant keep up Maintain & Preserve in & upon the sd hereby demised Parcell of Land the full Quantity of Wood in Proportion being One tenth Part of the sd Land & Shall Likewise Plant & Preserve furze within side & without the fences of the said Parcell of Land & Shall Plant fruit Trees Such as Apple Lemon Mulberry or Peach Trees in such parts thereof as they are most Likely to Grow And as they Shall hereafter to decay or dye Shall keep up Others of the Like Sorts thereon Without hurt or Prejudice Nevertheless to any Part of Such Land as shall be sett apart for the sole purpose of planting & raising of Yams Upon Condition that they The sd Gabriel Harper & Richard Gurling their Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall not alter or remove the said Fences They being the Limitts or Land marks of the Parcell of Land aforesaid & shall not sell or dispose of this Leave or Interest in the same without the knowledge & Consent of the Govr & Councill of this Island for the time being In Witness Whereof We the sd Govr & Councill have Sett our hands & Affixed the Honble Companys Seal this Second day of April in the 17 Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the 2d by the Grace of God of Great Brittain France & Ireland King Defender of the faith and so forth And in the Year of our Lord 1745 And they the sd Gabriel Harper & Richard Gurling to the Other part have Sett their Hands & Seales the day & Year Abovewritten Signed David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Twiling David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Twiling	The tenants were bound to maintain, and to plant, keep up, maintain and preserve on the parcel, the full quantity of wood, being one tenth part of the land. They were likewise to plant and preserve furze within and along the fences, and to plant fruit trees such as apple, lemon, mulberry or peach in such parts as were most likely to grow, replacing any that decayed or died with others of the like kind, without harm or prejudice to any part of the land set apart for the sole purpose of planting and raising yams. On a further condition, Gabriel Harper and Richard Gurling, together with their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, were not to alter or remove the fences, which marked the limits and land marks of the parcel, and were not to sell or dispose of the lease or their interest in it without the knowledge and consent of the Governor and council of the day. The Governor and council confirmed this by affixing the honourable company's seal on 2 April, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the sovereign lord King George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and in the year 1745. Gabriel Harper and Richard Gurling signed the counterpart and set their hands and seals on the same day and year. The lease was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Purling. Interpretations The covenant fixing the quantity of wood at one tenth of the land put a precise figure on the tenant's planting obligation, turning the general concern for timber into a measurable duty enforceable against any holder of the lease. Requiring furze along the fences and orchard trees of named kinds, with dead ones to be replaced, showed the council directing not merely that wood be preserved but that particular useful growth be established, the gorse serving as fuel and stock-proof hedging and the fruit trees adding to the island's provisions. This detailed prescription reflected the standing effort to remedy St Helena's chronic shortage of wood by binding cultivation into the terms of every grant. The reservation of the land set apart for yams marked the priority the council placed on the island's staple food crop, protecting the ground given over to yams from encroachment by the planting obligations imposed elsewhere on the parcel. Yams fed the Company's slaves and much of the settlement, and a lease that ordered trees planted was careful not to let that duty cut into the ground the island depended on for its subsistence. The bar on altering or removing the fences rested on their double function as both stock enclosures and the physical land marks defining the parcel's boundaries, so that moving a fence would at once expose the ground and unsettle the record of where the holding lay. Coupled with the requirement of the council's consent to any assignment, this kept both the land's use and its ownership under the board's continuing control, the two conditions together ensuring that the parcel remained fixed in extent and in the approved holder's hands throughout the term.
481		478	At a Consultation held the 9th April 1745 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Chas Hutchinson Lieu Govr Christopher Dixon 3d John Goodwin 4th Mathew Twiling 5th of Councill The Last Consultation was read & Approved The Storekeeper depos that upon Opening a Bale of Dowlesss there appeared Severall Peices to be much Damaged & Some of them Entirely Rotten Which he believes is oweing either to the Long Lyeing in the Stores or the Heavy Rains that happened about two Years Ago; That Since the time of his taking Charge it hath Lain in a dry Cellar, Where it could not possibly receive any damage And the Outside of the Bale both at Last March was Twelve months and at Michaelmas, When an Recd of the remains was taken, Appeared Quite Well & without any Visible defect. Ordered That the same be Viewed by two of the Council & the Storekeeper Mr Richard Mason petitioned to have a Lease renewed The old One being Expired. Granted Mr Dixon Kelly Complained of Messrs James Powell Samuell Dowton & Gabriel Harper Attorneys for Mr George Gabriel Powell, That He had demanded of them Money due from the said Geo: Gabriel Powell & they refused paying him Ordered that they be Summoned to attend next Consultation day The Husband Gunner & Steward Each delivered their Accts for the Month of March Last Which were Examined & Approved And are as follows, Vizt Account	At a consultation held on 9 April 1745 at the castle, the following were present: Colonel David Dunbar, Governor; Captain Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor; Christopher Dixon, third of council; John Godwin, fourth of council; and Matthew Purling, fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. The storekeeper reported that on opening a bale of doosetees several pieces appeared much damaged and some entirely rotten. He believed this owing either to their long lying in the stores or to the heavy rains that had fallen about two years earlier, since during the time of his own charge the goods had lain in a dry cellar where they could not possibly take any harm. The outside of the bale, both at last March and at Michaelmas, when an account of the remainder was taken, appeared quite well and without any visible defect. The council ordered that the bale be viewed by two of the council and the storekeeper. Richard Mason petitioned to have a lease renewed, the old one having expired. The council granted it. Dixon Kelly complained of James Powell, Samuel Doveton and Gabriel Harper, attorneys for George Gabriel Powell, that he had demanded of them money due from George Gabriel Powell and they had refused to pay him. The council ordered that they be summoned to attend at the next consultation. The husband, gunner and steward each delivered their accounts for the month of March last, which were examined and approved, and are set out below. Interpretations The storekeeper's report on the damaged bale of doosetees, the plain coarse Bengal cottons made up into the annual clothing issued to the Company's slaves, turned on the question of when and under whose charge the loss had occurred. By showing that the outside of the bale had appeared sound at his own two stock-takings and that the goods had lain in a dry cellar during his tenure, he sought to place the damage before his time, attributing it either to the long standing of the cloth in store or to heavy rains two years earlier. This mattered because an officer answerable for the stores could be charged with a deficiency, so fixing the period of the loss determined who bore it, and the order for two councillors and the storekeeper to view the bale set an independent check on the claim. The complaint of Dixon Kelly against the three men acting as attorneys for George Gabriel Powell showed the council serving as the forum for recovering a debt owed by a man no longer on the island. Powell, the former provisional Governor whose conduct in office had been the subject of Dunbar's long audit, had left his affairs in the hands of local attorneys, and a creditor unable to reach him directly brought his claim before the board to compel those who held his authority to answer. The summons to attend the next consultation followed the council's ordinary practice of pursuing such claims across successive meetings until the parties appeared. The renewal of Richard Mason's expired lease continued the run of such grants through the spring of 1745, part of the wider calling-in and re-examination of the island's leases under Governor Dunbar. The council's steady handling of these renewals alongside the stores question and the debt complaint showed the board carrying its routine land, revenue and creditor business together at a single sitting.
482		479	Account of the Honble Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of March 1745 Vizt Bullocks, Cows, Heffers, Steers, Yearlings, Calves, Bulls, Total, Ews, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ews, Weathers, Kidds, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Boars, Piggs, Xpres, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, Geese, Xpres, Horses, Mares, Total Remg 1st March: 21 Bullocks, 107 Cows, 11 Heffers, 20 Steers, 40 Yearlings, 145 Calves, 4 Bulls, 348 Total, 84 Ews, 9 Weathers, 73 Lambs, 3 Rams, 169 Total, 132 Ews, 23 Weathers, 184 Kidds, 1 Rams, 340 Total, 19 Sows, 2 Barrows, 30 Boars, 75 Piggs, 1 Xpres, 127 Total, 111 Turkeys, 99 Fowls, 36 Chickens, 40 Ducks, 13 Geese, 7 Xpres, 10 Horses, 17 Mares, 0 Total Encreased in do: 0 Bullocks, 0 Cows, 0 Heffers, 0 Steers, 12 Yearlings, 12 Calves, 0 Bulls, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 9 Weathers, 0 Lambs, 2 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 6 Weathers, 0 Kidds, 6 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 9 Barrows, 0 Boars, 9 Piggs, 0 Xpres, 0 Total, 0 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Chickens, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 1 Xpres, 1 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total 21 Bullocks, 107 Cows, 11 Heffers, 20 Steers, 40 Yearlings, 157 Calves, 4 Bulls, 360 Total, 84 Ews, 9 Weathers, 75 Lambs, 3 Rams, 171 Total, 132 Ews, 23 Weathers, 190 Kidds, 1 Rams, 346 Total, 19 Sows, 2 Barrows, 30 Boars, 84 Piggs, 1 Xpres, 136 Total, 111 Turkeys, 99 Fowls, 36 Chickens, 40 Ducks, 13 Geese, 7 Xpres, 11 Horses, 18 Mares, 0 Total Stole in do: 0 Bullocks, 0 Cows, 0 Heffers, 0 Steers, 0 Yearlings, 0 Calves, 0 Bulls, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 0 Weathers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 0 Weathers, 0 Kidds, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 2 Barrows, 0 Boars, 2 Piggs, 2 Xpres, 0 Total, 0 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Chickens, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Xpres, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total Died in do: 0 Bullocks, 0 Cows, 0 Heffers, 0 Steers, 0 Yearlings, 0 Calves, 0 Bulls, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 0 Weathers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 0 Weathers, 0 Kidds, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 1 Barrows, 0 Boars, 1 Piggs, 2 Xpres, 7 Total, 2 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Chickens, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Xpres, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total Killed in do: 0 Bullocks, 0 Cows, 0 Heffers, 0 Steers, 0 Yearlings, 0 Calves, 0 Bulls, 0 Total, 2 Ews, 0 Weathers, 2 Lambs, 2 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ews, 2 Weathers, 0 Kidds, 2 Rams, 23 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 5 Boars, 4 Piggs, 16 Xpres, 10 Total, 0 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Chickens, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Xpres, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total Remaining: 21 Bullocks, 107 Cows, 11 Heffers, 20 Steers, 40 Yearlings, 157 Calves, 4 Bulls, 360 Total, 84 Ews, 7 Weathers, 75 Lambs, 3 Rams, 169 Total, 132 Ews, 21 Weathers, 190 Kidds, 1 Rams, 344 Total, 19 Sows, 2 Barrows, 78 Boars, 1 Piggs, 1 Xpres, 128 Total, 108 Turkeys, 83 Fowls, 35 Chickens, 8 Ducks, 28 Geese, 13 Xpres, 7 Horses, 11 Mares, 18 Total Pork Expended 2 Goats given to the Sick Blacks Yams Expended 25000 Signed E.E & Christopher Dixon Husb	The account set out the honourable company's stock of neat cattle and other animals for the month of March 1745. The neat cattle were divided into bullocks, cows, heifers, steers, yearlings, calves and bulls; the sheep into ewes, wethers, lambs and rams; the goats into ewes, wethers, kids and rams; the hogs into sows, barrows, shoats, pigs and boars; and the poultry into turkeys, fowls, chickens, ducks and geese, with horses and mares kept separately. Remaining 1 March: Neat cattle: 21 bullocks, 107 cows, 11 heifers, 20 steers, 40 yearlings, 145 calves, 4 bulls, total 348 Sheep: 84 ewes, 9 wethers, 73 lambs, 3 rams, total 169 Goats: 132 ewes, 23 wethers, 184 kids, 1 ram, total 340 Hogs: 19 sows, 2 barrows, 30 shoats, 24 pigs, total 75 Poultry: 1 turkey, 127 fowls, 111 chickens, 99 ducks, 36 geese, total 40, and 13 geese Horses: 7 horses, 10 mares, total 17 Increased in the month: Yearlings 12, calves 12 Wethers 9, lambs 2 Goats: 6 kids, total 6 Hogs: 9 pigs, total 9 Horses: 1 mare, total 1 Stock in the month: Neat cattle: 21 bullocks, 107 cows, 11 heifers, 20 steers, 40 yearlings, 157 calves, 4 bulls, total 360 Sheep: 84 ewes, 9 wethers, 75 lambs, 3 rams, total 171 Goats: 132 ewes, 23 wethers, 190 kids, 1 ram, total 346 Hogs: 19 sows, 2 barrows, 30 shoats, 24 pigs, total 84 Poultry: 1 turkey, 136 fowls, 111 chickens, 99 ducks, 36 geese, total 40, and 13 geese Horses: 7 horses, 11 mares, total 18 Stole in the month: Hogs: 2 pigs, total 2 Died in the month: Hogs: 1 pig, total 1 Poultry: 2 chickens, 7 ducks, 2 geese Killed in the month: Sheep: 2 lambs, total 2 Goats: 2 kids, total 2 Hogs: 2 pigs, 3 boars, total 5 Poultry: 4 fowls, 16 chickens, 10 ducks Remaining at the end: Neat cattle: 21 bullocks, 107 cows, 11 heifers, 20 steers, 40 yearlings, 157 calves, 4 bulls, total 360 Sheep: 84 ewes, 7 wethers, 75 lambs, 3 rams, total 169 Goats: 132 ewes, 21 wethers, 190 kids, 1 ram, total 344 Hogs: 19 sows, 2 barrows, 27 shoats, 24 pigs, total 81, and total 128 Poultry: 1 turkey, 103 fowls, 83 chickens, 58 ducks, 28 geese, total 13 Horses: 7 horses, 11 mares, total 18 Pork expended: 0 lb Yams expended: 25,000 lb 2 goats given to the sick blacks. The account was signed by Christopher Dixon as husbandman, errors excepted. Interpretations The stock was returned under the fixed classes of animal tracked month by month, each counted by its sex and stage of growth so that the herd's natural increase could be told apart from the losses to death, theft and slaughter. The month showed the calf stock rising through the southern-hemisphere breeding season and a steady increase in kids and pigs, set against the ordinary drawing-down of poultry for the table and the small attrition of animals lost. The heading rank of husbandman marked the officer answerable for the plantations and stock, who signed the return in that farm-manager capacity. The note that two goats had been given to the sick blacks recorded a small charitable disposal of Company stock for the relief of ailing slaves, distinct from the animals killed for the general table. This entry, set alongside the pork and yam figures footing the account, showed the return serving not merely as a count of the herds but as a record of every purpose to which the stock was put, so that each head leaving the establishment could be accounted for against a stated use. The absence of any pork expended in a month that had seen hogs killed reflected the way the account distinguished animals slaughtered from meat actually issued from the stores, the two figures being kept apart so that the Company could check the drawing-down of its herds against the provisions drawn from its warehouse. Christopher Dixon, third of council, had taken on the plantation and stock oversight after Samuel Doveton's discharge in September 1744 for false stock returns, which had made the accuracy of these monthly counts a matter of particular concern, so his attested signature stood as the Company's assurance that its livestock was neither wasting nor being quietly turned to private use.
483		480	Gunners Stores Expended for the Month of March 1745 Vizt March For filling of Pouches 38 1/2 lbs Powder Expended for Funerals 4 1/2 lbs Total 43 Iron Trucks deliv'd to Kinslow: 4 Lead Balls for filling of Pouches: 31 lbs 3 oz Junk to String stall: 18 lbs Match: 14 lbs Paper: 6 Quire Signed John French Sundrys Expended at the Generall Table in the Month of March Last, Vizt 84 Bottles of Port Wine £ 5 14 7 1/2 3 do Lisbon 4 1 7 do Red Cape 9 7 1/2 23 1/2 Gall Goa Arrack 18 Gall Batavia do at 2 1/2 P Gallon 4 8 2 1/4 30 lb Candy 9 7 57 lb Sugar 11 10 1/2 222 lb Flower 24 lb do to the Servants 1 3 4 1/2 48 lb Butter 9 6 2 Sheep 2 " " 16 Fowls 16 4 Turkeys 1 " " 10 Ducks 15 10 pc Salt Pork 18 4 1 pce Salt Beef 2 11 3/4 Carried Over £ 21 1 7 1/4	The account set out the gunner's stores expended for the month of March 1745. For filling of pouches: 38.5 lb Powder expended for funerals: 4.5 lb Total: 43 lb Iron trucks delivered to Winslow: 4 Lead balls for filling of pouches: 31 lb 3 oz Junk to Artingstall: 18 lb Match: 14 lb Paper: 6 quires The account was signed by John French. The account then set out the sundries expended at the general table in the month of March last. 84 bottles of port wine, £5 14s 7.5d 3 bottles of Lisbon, £0 4s 1d 7 bottles of red Cape, £0 9s 7.5d 23.5 gallons of Goa arrack, and 18 gallons of Batavia arrack, at 2.5d per half gallon, £4 8s 2.5d 30.75 lb of candy, £0 9s 7d 57 lb of sugar, £0 11s 10.5d 222 lb of flour, and 24 lb of flour to the servants, £1 3s 4.75d 48 lb of butter, £2 8s 0d 2 sheep, £2 0s 0d 16 fowls, £0 16s 0d 4 turkeys, £1 0s 0d 10 ducks, £0 15s 0d 10 pieces of salt pork, £0 18s 4d 1 piece of salt beef, £0 2s 11.5d Carried over: £21 1s 7.5d Interpretations The gunner's account showed the month's powder spent wholly on filling cartridge pouches for the small arms and on funeral firing, with none drawn for salute or for the great guns, a pattern of an island keeping its powder for practical use in a quiet season. The filling of pouches with both powder and lead balls prepared the garrison's ready ammunition, while the junk issued to Artingstall was old rope picked into oakum or cut for wads and other gunnery use. The trucks delivered to Winslow were the wheels of a gun carriage, and match the slow-burning cord that carried fire to the charge, the small quantities marking ordinary maintenance rather than any heavy service. The general table account gathered the month's issues of provisions and drink for the establishment at which the Governor, council and their guests were maintained at the Company's expense, valued at the island's own selling prices. The heavy weighting toward wine and spirits, with port drunk in far greater quantity than any other, reflected the standing character of the table, port having become the wine taken in bulk on the island and the Goa and Batavia arrack the palm or rice spirits of the India trade serving as the ordinary strong drink. The preserved salt pork and beef and the butter set against the fresh sheep, fowls, turkeys and ducks showed the mix of stored and freshly killed provisions the table drew on between the arrivals of shipping. Several of the named goods were imported commodities less familiar to a modern reader: candy was the refined sugar candy carried in chests from the Company's Indian settlements alongside the coarser sugar, and the Cape wine came from the Dutch settlement at the Cape of Good Hope, a natural stop on the homeward route. The separate small issue of flour to the servants distinguished the provision made for the household's attendants from that of the general table itself, the account keeping each charge apart so that the Company's expenditure on its table could be audited line by line and carried forward to its total.
484		481	Brot Over £ 21 1 7 1/4 3 Quarts Florence Oyle 7 6 2 do Vinegar 11 " 1 Bushell Salt 5 10 1 lb Pepper 9 " 6 lb Cheese 6 " 72 lb fresh Pork 1 16 " £ 23 18 7 1/4 On ye 5th Instant Arrived ye Honble Companys Ship Lapwing Capt Stephen Kirwan Commr from Bencoolen, Laden with Pepper David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Twiling At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 16th day of April 1745 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Chas Hutchinson Lieu Govr Chris Dixon 3d John Goodwin 4th of Council Mathew Twiling 5th The last Consultation was read & Approved Capt Hutchinson & Messrs Goodwin & Twiling report That agreable to the Order of the last Consultation they have Examined the Bale of Dowlas & found 54 pieces thereof good, 13 pieces a little damaged, & 13 pieces much damaged, the name of the Ship, by which it came, not Appearing upon the Bale, One part of	The account set out the gunner's stores expended for the month of March 1745. For filling of pouches: 38.5 lb Powder expended for funerals: 4.5 lb Total: 43 lb Iron trucks delivered to Winslow: 4 Lead balls for filling of pouches: 31 lb 3 oz Junk to Artingstall: 18 lb Match: 14 lb Paper: 6 quires The account was signed by John French. The account then set out the sundries expended at the general table in the month of March last. 84 bottles of port wine, £5 14s 7.5d 3 bottles of Lisbon, £0 4s 1d 7 bottles of red Cape, £0 9s 7.5d 23.5 gallons of Goa arrack, and 18 gallons of Batavia arrack, at 2.5d per half gallon, £4 8s 2.5d 30.75 lb of candy, £0 9s 7d 57 lb of sugar, £0 11s 10.5d 222 lb of flour, and 24 lb of flour to the servants, £1 3s 4.75d 48 lb of butter, £2 8s 0d 2 sheep, £2 0s 0d 16 fowls, £0 16s 0d 4 turkeys, £1 0s 0d 10 ducks, £0 15s 0d 10 pieces of salt pork, £0 18s 4d 1 piece of salt beef, £0 2s 11.5d Carried over: £21 1s 7.5d Interpretations The gunner's account showed the month's powder spent wholly on filling cartridge pouches for the small arms and on funeral firing, with none drawn for salute or for the great guns, a pattern of an island keeping its powder for practical use in a quiet season. The filling of pouches with both powder and lead balls prepared the garrison's ready ammunition, while the junk issued to Artingstall was old rope picked into oakum or cut for wads and other gunnery use. The trucks delivered to Winslow were the wheels of a gun carriage, and match the slow-burning cord that carried fire to the charge, the small quantities marking ordinary maintenance rather than any heavy service. The general table account gathered the month's issues of provisions and drink for the establishment at which the Governor, council and their guests were maintained at the Company's expense, valued at the island's own selling prices. The heavy weighting toward wine and spirits, with port drunk in far greater quantity than any other, reflected the standing character of the table, port having become the wine taken in bulk on the island and the Goa and Batavia arrack the palm or rice spirits of the India trade serving as the ordinary strong drink. The preserved salt pork and beef and the butter set against the fresh sheep, fowls, turkeys and ducks showed the mix of stored and freshly killed provisions the table drew on between the arrivals of shipping. Several of the named goods were imported commodities less familiar to a modern reader: candy was the refined sugar candy carried in chests from the Company's Indian settlements alongside the coarser sugar, and the Cape wine came from the Dutch settlement at the Cape of Good Hope, a natural stop on the homeward route. The separate small issue of flour to the servants distinguished the provision made for the household's attendants from that of the general table itself, the account keeping each charge apart so that the Company's expenditure on its table could be audited line by line and carried forward to its total.
485		482	it being Covered with Another Sort of Gunny to prevent the Damage being Seen which we Apprehend was done on Board Upon which we came to a Resolution, that those which were damaged Shod be Used for the Companys Stock Women & Children, & rest Sold as soon as possible Messrs James Powell Samuell Dowton & Gabriel Harper this day Attended Agreable to An Order of Last Consultation & Mr Dixon produced the Sold Bill, vizt George Gabriel Powell Esqr Dr to Christopher Dixon£ To a Bill of Sale for 10 Acres of Land called Harveis & Registring thereof Purchased at the Sale of the late Govr Godwins Effects 1 . 1 . " To do for 69 Acres — do 1 . 1 . " To Registring a Bill of Sale for 3 Acres of Land 1 . 1 . " To a Lease for 28 Acres To do for 21 1/2 do Purchased at Govr Goodwins Outcry 4 . 4 . " To do for 14 do 2 . 2 . " 9 . 9 . " To 3 Summs to the Attorneys " 6 . " To which the Attorneys Alledged that as part of this Land was purchased at the Sale of the Late Govr Goodwins Effects & Sold by the Honble Company on their Acct that they ought not to pay the Secretarys fees for the Titles it being Always the Custom of this Island for the Seller to be at that Expence & not the Buyer Whereto	The damaged bale had been covered with another sort of gunny to conceal the harm, which the council believed had been done aboard ship. The council then came to a resolution that the damaged pieces be used for the Company's black women and children, and the rest sold as soon as possible. James Powell, Samuel Doveton and Gabriel Harper attended this day in line with an order of the last consultation, and Dixon produced the following account. George Gabriel Powell owed Christopher Dixon as set out below. For a bill of sale for 16 acres of land called Francis, and registering it, purchased at the sale of the late Governor Goodwin's effects: £1 1s 0d For a bill of sale for 69 acres, likewise purchased: £1 1s 0d For registering a bill of sale for 3 acres of land: £1 1s 0d For a lease for 28 acres, purchased at Governor Goodwin's outcry: as below For a lease for 21.5 acres, likewise: as below For a lease for 14 acres: £4 4s 0d for the three, plus £2 2s 0d Subtotal: £9 9s 0d For 3 summonses to the attorneys: £0 0s 6d The attorneys alleged that, as part of this land had been purchased at the sale of the late Governor Goodwin's effects and sold by the honourable company on their own account, they ought not to pay the secretary's fees for the deeds, it being always the custom of the island for the seller to bear that charge and not the buyer. Interpretations The council's decision to put the damaged doosetees to the clothing of the Company's black women and children turned a loss in the stores to practical use, the spoiled cloth being issued where its defects mattered least rather than written off entirely, with the sound remainder sold to recover what value it held. The finding that the damage had been concealed under a covering of different gunny, and was believed to have been done aboard ship, bore directly on where the loss should fall, since goods harmed in transit were the concern of the carrier rather than the storekeeper whose sound outer bale had passed two stock-takings. Dixon's account against George Gabriel Powell recorded the fees and charges he had laid out on Powell's behalf in acquiring land at the sale of the late Governor Goodwin's estate, the several bills of sale and leases each carrying a fixed fee for the deed and its registration. Powell, the former provisional Governor, had bought heavily at that outcry, and the itemised charges, down to the sixpence for three summonses issued to compel his attorneys to answer, showed the precise way a creditor set out every disbursement when pressing a claim through the council against a man who had left the island. The attorneys' objection rested on a settled local custom that the seller, not the buyer, bore the secretary's fees for the deeds, and since the Company itself had sold the land on its own account at the Goodwin sale, they argued the charge fell on the Company rather than on Powell as purchaser. This raised a question of who was liable for the conveyancing costs where the Company acted as vendor, the custom of the island being invoked against the ordinary expectation that a buyer paid for his own title, and it left the council to weigh an established usage against the particular circumstances of a sale made by the proprietor of the island itself.
486		483	Whereto Mr Dixon Answered that he look'd upon the person Who Employed him either to draw or Register their Writings to be Answerable to him for his fees, and as Mr Powell was his Employer he Expects him to be his Paymaster The Attorneys then Alledged that for the Bills of Sale if they Wrote them themselves they ought only to pay 10/6 for the Registring But Mr Dixon Saith that by the Table of fees it his Right to charge One Guinea for a Bill of Sale whether he only registers it or both Draws & Registers it Mr Joshua Johnson & Mr Francis Wrangham (two of the Oldest Inhabitants) were Sent for, & desired to tell what was Customary in these Cases To which they Answered, that it was Customary for the Seller to give a Title, but the Secretary charged his full fee to him Who brought the Writing to be registred After a due Hearing & Examination We found that Every Article was charged According to the Table of fees Which hath been Allowed of & Settled by the Honble Company, and being of Opinion that the Planters drawing their own Bills of Sale was not only Attended with ill Consequences, but that it was defrauding the Secretary of his just Fees, We therefore Ordered them to pay Mr Dixon his Demands Mr Richard Mason petitioned to Assign his Lease for Some Ground in the Valley to Mr John Scott. Granted The Accomptant this day laid before us the Journall Parcells for the Months of January, February, & March Last, Which were Examined & Approved & Ordered to be Entered Executed the Severall following Leases Which had been before Granted, Vizt Island	Dixon answered that he looked upon the person who employed him, whether to draw or to register a deed, to be answerable to him for his fee, and as Powell was his employer he expected to be paid by him. The attorneys then alleged that for the bills of sale, if they wrote them themselves, they ought to pay only sixpence for the registering. Dixon answered that by the table of fees it was his right to charge one guinea for a bill of sale, whether he only registered it or both drew and registered it. Joshua Johnson and Francis Wrangham, two of the oldest inhabitants, were sent for and asked what was customary in such cases. They answered that it was customary for the seller to give a title, but that the secretary charged his full fee to whoever brought the deed to be registered. After a due hearing and examination, the council found that every article had been charged according to the table of fees, which had been allowed of and settled by the honourable company. Being of opinion that the planters drawing their own bills of sale was not only attended with ill consequences but also defrauded the secretary of his just fees, the council ordered them to pay Dixon his demands. Richard Mason petitioned to assign his lease for some ground in the valley to John Scott. The council granted it. The accountant this day laid before the council the journal parcels for the months of January, February and March last, which were examined and approved and ordered to be entered. The council executed the following leases, which had been granted before. Interpretations The dispute over the fees turned on a plain contest between the secretary's settled scale of charges and the planters' practice of drawing their own deeds to avoid part of them. Dixon rested his claim on the table of fees allowed and settled by the honourable company, which fixed a guinea for a bill of sale however it was handled, while the attorneys sought to reduce their liability to the sixpence for mere registration by writing the instruments themselves. The council's resolution of the point on the authority of a fixed tariff showed how the island's fee income was protected against erosion, the board treating the approved scale as binding regardless of who prepared the document. The calling-in of Joshua Johnson and Francis Wrangham as two of the oldest inhabitants to state the local custom illustrated how the council settled questions of usage on a small island without written law by resorting to the memory of its longest-resident men. Their evidence drew the distinction that decided the matter: the seller gave the title, but the secretary's full fee fell on whoever brought the deed to be registered, so that the charge attached to the act of registration rather than to the character of buyer or seller. This reliance on living testimony to fix an unwritten rule was the same method the board used across its land and probate business. The council's finding that the planters drawing their own bills of sale was attended with ill consequences pointed beyond the fee question to a concern for the integrity of the island's land records, since deeds prepared privately and merely brought in for registration escaped the secretary's oversight in their drafting. Ordering the fees paid in full both secured the office's revenue and discouraged a practice that put the framing of title deeds outside official hands, the board protecting at once its income and the reliability of the register on which every holder's title depended.
487		484	Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies do demise grant Sett & to Farm Lett unto Richd Mason of this Island Serjeant All that peice or Pcell of Ground Containing 38 feet in Length or Depth & 17 feet in Breadth or Width Already Enclosed for a Yard & Kitchin & formerly Granted to John Hansen of this Island Serjeant Scituate Lying & being in James's Valley Town in Southwark Street on the Back part of the sd Richd Mason's house purchased by him of the sd John Hansen And is Opposite to the Lower End of the Upper Executing place Adjoyning to the Dwelling house of John Young Serjeant with the Appurts To have & to hold the sd hereby demised 38 feet of Ground & premis with their & Every of their Appts unto him the sd Richard Mason his Heirs Exors Admors & Assigns from the day of the date of these presents for & during the Term of 21 Years Upon Condition that the sd Richard Mason his Heirs Exors Admors & Assigns do & Shall bear true faith & Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs & Successors And to them the sd Honble Compa & their Successors & Shall duely Obey All the Laws & Constitutions of the sd Island Yeilding & Paying Therefore Yearly & Every Year during the Term hereby granted unto the sd Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Sum of five Shillings P Annum On the feast day of St Michael the Arch angell Yearly And Upon Condition that he the sd Richard Mason his Exors Admors & Ass do & Shall maintain & keep in Good repair any & Every Building Wall or Enclosure that is or may be hereafter Erected or built on the sd Ground or any part	At the island of St Helena, the lords proprietors of the island, the honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, granted, set and to farm let to Richard Mason, planter, all that parcel of ground containing 38 feet in length or depth and 17 feet in breadth or width. It was already enclosed for a yard and kitchen and had formerly been granted to John Hanson, sergeant, of the island. It lay in James Valley town, in Southwark Street, on the back of Richard Mason's house, which he had purchased of John Hanson, and stood opposite the lower end of the upper burying place, adjoining the dwelling house of John Young, sergeant. Richard Mason, together with his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, was to hold the parcel of ground and its appurtenances from the date of these presents for a term of twenty-one years. This was on condition that he and his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns should bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the honourable company and their successors, and should obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. For this, they were to pay yearly throughout the term the sum of five shillings a year, on the feast day of Saint Michael the Archangel. On a further condition, Richard Mason, with his executors, administrators and assigns, was to maintain and keep in good repair every boundary wall or enclosure then standing or that might afterwards be erected or built on the ground. Interpretations The grant was of a small town plot rather than a country plantation, its dimensions given in feet and its identity fixed by the streets and buildings around it in James Valley town, which shows how the island's settlement carried the ordinary furniture of an English town, with named streets, dwelling houses, a burying ground and lots measured in feet. The parcel served as the yard and kitchen behind Mason's house, a domestic appurtenance to a dwelling he had bought, so the lease tied a service plot to the house it supported rather than granting agricultural ground. The description located the plot entirely by reference to neighbouring features, the back of Mason's own house, the dwelling of John Young, the lower end of the upper burying place and Southwark Street, in the same way a country parcel was bounded by the holdings of named planters. This method of identifying land by its abutments answered a settlement without formal survey, the plot's position resting on the shared knowledge of what stood on each side, and the naming of a Southwark Street shows the transplanting of familiar London place names onto the island's town. The covenant to keep every boundary wall and enclosure in good repair reflected the particular concerns of a built-up plot as against open pasture, the obligation falling on the maintenance of walls rather than fences and standing wood. At the standard rent of five shillings at Michaelmas and the usual twenty-one-year term, the grant set a domestic town holding within the same framework of tenure the Company applied to its country leases, the difference lying in the nature of the ground and the fabric the tenant was bound to keep up.
488		485	thereof When & often as need may require so that the same Shall be Remain Enclosed & kept in good repair during the whole Term of this Lease And at the Expiration thereof he the sd Richard Mason his Exors Admors or Assigns Shall Leave the same in the same Condition & Good repair And not Suffer the sd Ground Enclosure or Buildings to run to ruin or decay AND Upon Condition That He the sd Richd Mason his Exors Admors or Assigns Shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave & Consent of the Govr & Councill for the time being In Witness Whereof We the sd Govr & Councill have Sett our hands & Affixed the Honble Companys Seal this 16th day of April in the 17th Year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the 2d by the Grace of God of Great Brittain France & Ireland King Defender of the Faith & so forth And in the Year of our Lord 1745 And the sd Richard Mason to the Other part hath Sett his hand & Seal the day & Year abovewritten Signed David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Mathew Twiling Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble United Compa of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies do hereby demise Grant Sett & to farm Lett unto Thos Easthope of this Island All that peice or parcell of Land Containing two parcells of Gumwood tree Acres Scituate Lying & being in One branch of Sandy Bay Valley Comonly called & known by the Name of Gabriels Gut Butting and Bounding	The tenant was to keep the walls and enclosure repaired as often as need required, so that the ground remained enclosed and in good repair throughout the term. At the expiry of the lease, Richard Mason, his executors, administrators or assigns were to leave the ground in the same condition and good repair and not suffer the enclosure or buildings to fall to ruin or decay. On a further condition, Mason, his executors, administrators or assigns were not to sell or dispose of the lease, or their interest in it, without the leave and consent of the Governor and council of the day. The Governor and council confirmed this by affixing the honourable company's seal on 16 April, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the sovereign lord King George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and in the year 1745. Richard Mason signed the counterpart and set his hand and seal on the same day and year. The lease was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Matthew Purling. At the island of St Helena, the lords proprietors of the island, the honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, granted, set and to farm let to Thomas Easthope of the island all that parcel of land, containing two parcels of gumwood, six acres, lying in one branch of Sandy Bay Valley, commonly called and known by the name of Gabriel's Gut. Interpretations The closing covenants of Mason's town lease bound both the standing repair of the walls and enclosure and the surrender of the ground in the same condition at the term's end, protecting the Company's reversion in a built plot as its country leases protected the wood and fences of a plantation. The reservation of the board's consent to any assignment kept control of who held the plot in the council's hands, so that even a small domestic holding in James Valley town could not pass to an unapproved occupier, the same layered authority governing the town lots as the country grounds. The fresh grant to Thomas Easthope was again of gumwood land, ground carrying the endemic gumwood trees whose timber the council was anxious to preserve against the island's chronic want of wood, marking the board's continuing practice of tying such wooded parcels into leases that bound the holder to maintain the growth. Sandy Bay Valley, in the south division of the island, was a district where several of the season's grants lay, the council letting out parcels of its ground there under the standard terms of tenure. The parcel's identity rested wholly on its local name, Gabriel's Gut, and its position in a branch of the valley rather than on any survey, the same reliance on familiar place names and natural features by which the island's land was ordinarily described. This grant, following directly on Mason's, showed the council carrying its steady run of lease business through the spring of 1745, part of the wider calling-in and re-examination of the island's leases under Governor Dunbar, each parcel let on the settled framework of rent, term and obligation whatever its particular ground.
489		486	Bounding towards the North South East & West Every way upon the Honble Companys Wast Land that Lies Adjoining to Severall Parcells of Land now in the posession of Wm Worrall & Joseph Estes formerly Granted to Jonathan Higham Senr And the Lands that Lye West under the two Hills below the Lands of Joshua Johnson & that now in the posession of Thos Greentree To have & to hold the sd hereby demised Parcells of Lands & Every part & parcell thereof together with all & Singular the Wood Water Watercourse Houses Buildings Edifices Sheds Tenemts Yams & plantations of Yams Fruit Trees Walls Fences and All Other and Singular the Rights & Comodities to them & each & Every of them belonging or appertaining unto him the said Thos Easthope his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for and during all the Space or Term of 21 Years from thence next Ensueing Upon Condition That He the said Thos Easthope his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall & do bear true faith & Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the 2d his Heirs & Successors & true faith to them the said Honble Company & their Successors And shall duely Observe & Obey All the Laws & Constitutions of this Island And Upon Condition also that He the sd Thos Easthope his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall & do from time to time & at all times hereafter during the Term of this Lease keep Up & maintain in Good Order & Sufficient Repair All Such Buildings houses Edifices Sheds Tenements Plantations & fences as now are or hereafter Shall be made built or Erected thereon and Shall moreover plant keep up maintain & preserve in and upon the sd hereby demised parcel of Land its full Quantity or Proportion of Wood being One Tenth part of the sd parallel Land	The parcels were bounded on the north, south, east and west by the honourable company's waste land that lay adjoining several parcels now in the possession of William Worrall and Joseph Bates, formerly granted to Jonathan Higham junior, and the lands lying west under the two hills below the lands of Joshua Johnson, and the land now in the possession of Thomas Greentree. Thomas Easthope, together with his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, was to hold the parcels of land and every part of them, with all the wood, water, watercourses, houses, buildings, offices, sheds, tenements, yams, plantations of yams, fruit trees, walls, fences and all other rights and commodities belonging to them, from the date of these presents for a term of twenty-one years. This was on condition that he and his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns should bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the honourable company and their successors, and should observe and obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. On a further condition, Easthope and his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns were to keep up and maintain in good order and sufficient repair all the buildings, houses, offices, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards made, built or erected on the ground. They were also to plant, keep up, maintain and preserve the full quantity or proportion of wood, being one tenth part of the parcel. Interpretations The lease conveyed not merely the bare ground but the whole standing establishment upon it, the wood, water and watercourses, the buildings and sheds, the growing yams and their plantations, the fruit trees and the fences, so that the tenant took a working holding complete with its improvements rather than an empty parcel. This full recital of appurtenances marked the difference between a developed plantation carrying houses and crops and a raw grant of waste, the value passing with the land being the labour and growth already established on it. The requirement to preserve the standing wood at one tenth of the parcel put a fixed and measurable figure on the tenant's timber duty, the same precise proportion imposed on the other gumwood grants of the season, turning the general concern for the island's scarce wood into a definite obligation enforceable against any future holder. Coupled with the duty to keep the buildings and fences in repair, this bound the tenant to maintain both the fabric and the growth of the holding throughout the term, so that the Company's reversion came back neither decayed nor stripped. The bounds again rested wholly on the holdings of named neighbours and on natural features, the waste land adjoining the parcels of Worrall and Bates, the two hills, and the lands of Johnson and Greentree, with the chain of title traced back to an earlier grant to Jonathan Higham junior. This method of fixing a parcel by its abutting owners and by the memory of who had held it before answered a settlement without continuous fencing or formal survey, the recital of former and present possessors serving in place of a map to establish exactly which ground the grant covered.
490		487	Land & Shall Likewise plant & preserve furze within side & without the sd fences of the sd Parcel of Land And Shall plant fruit Trees such as Apple Lemon Mulberry or Peach Trees in Such part thereof Wherein they are most Likely to grow & as they shall happen to decay or dye shall replant Others of the Like sorts thereon without prejudice Nevertheless to Such part of the said Land as Shall be Sett apart for the Sole purpose of planting & raising of Yams Yeilding & Paying therefore Yearly & Every Year during the Term of this present Lease unto them the sd Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Sum of five Shillings per Acre in at or upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Archangell Yearly And Upon further Condition that He the sd Thos Easthope his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assss Shall not Alter or remove the sd fences they being the Limitts or Land Marks of the parcell of Land aforesaid And shall not sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave & Consent of the Govr & Councill for the time being In Witness Whereof We the Govr & Councill have Sett our Hands & Affixed the Honble Companys Seal in St Helena this 16th day of April in the 17th Year of the reign of our said Sovereign Lord George the 2d by the Grace of God of Great Brittain France & Ireland King Defender of the Faith and so forth And in the Year of our Lord 1745 And the sd Thos Easthope to the Other part Sett his Hand & Seal the day & Year Abovewritten Signed David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Mathew Twiling	The tenant was likewise to plant and preserve furze within and along the fences of the parcel, and to plant fruit trees such as apple, lemon, mulberry or peach in such parts as were most likely to grow, replacing any that decayed or died with others of the like kind, without prejudice to any part of the land set apart for the sole purpose of planting and raising yams. For this, Thomas Easthope and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were to pay yearly throughout the term the sum of five shillings an acre, at or upon the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. On a further condition, Easthope and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were not to alter or remove the fences, which marked the limits and land marks of the parcel, and were not to sell or dispose of the lease or their interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council of the day. The Governor and council confirmed this by affixing the honourable company's seal at St Helena on 16 April, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the sovereign lord King George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and in the year 1745. Thomas Easthope signed the counterpart and set his hand and seal on the same day and year. The lease was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Matthew Purling. Interpretations The planting covenants required not merely that existing wood be preserved but that particular useful growth be established and kept up, gorse along the fences for fuel and stock-proof hedging and orchard trees of named kinds to add to the island's provisions, with any that failed to be replaced. This detailed prescription reflected the standing effort to remedy St Helena's chronic shortage of wood and to improve the yield of its ground, the council directing the specific character of the cultivation rather than leaving it to the tenant. The reservation of the land given over to yams from these planting duties marked the priority the board placed on the island's staple food crop, protecting the ground the settlement depended on for subsistence from encroachment by the obligation to plant trees. Yams fed the Company's slaves and much of the population, and a lease that ordered fruit trees and gorse was careful not to let that duty cut into the ground set apart for the crop the island could least afford to lose. The bar on altering or removing the fences rested on their double role as both stock enclosures and the physical land marks defining the parcel's boundaries, so that shifting a fence would at once expose the ground and unsettle the record of where the holding lay. Together with the requirement of the council's consent to any assignment and the standard rent of five shillings an acre at Michaelmas, these conditions kept both the use and the ownership of the parcel under the board's continuing control, the whole grant set within the settled framework of tenure the Company applied across its island leases.
491		488	Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies Do hereby give grant Sett & to Farm Sett unto Mathew Twiling Samuell Dowton John Desfountain & Richard Beale Exors to the Last Will & Testament of John Bazett decd All that Peice or Parcell of Cabbage Tree Land Containing two & a half Acres Scituate Lying & being at the Head of Newcast Valley Butting North on the Late William Seale South on John French East on John French & West of the sd John Bazett decd And Every part & parcell thereof with the Appts To have and to hold the sd hereby demised premises & Every part & Parcell thereof With all & Singular the Rights thereunto belonging unto them the said Mathew Twiling Samuel Dowton John Desfountain & Richard Beale their Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns In Trust Nevertheless to the Use of the Children of the sd John Bazett decd from the day of the date of these Presents for & during the Term of Twenty One Years from thence next Ensueing Upon Condition that the said Honble Company Shall Approve of the same And Upon Condition that they the said Children of the sd John Bazett their Heirs Exors Admors & Assigns do & Shall bear true faith and Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second & true faith to them the sd Honble Company & their Successors And Shall duely Obey All the Laws & Constitutions of the said Island And Upon Condition also that they their Mathew Twiling Samuel Dowton John Desfountain & Richard Beale their Heirs Exors Admors & Assigns do & Shall well and Sufficiently keep up & maintain the fences to their Land & the full Quantity of Wood thereon & do and shall at the End & Sooner	At the island of St Helena, the lords proprietors of the island, the honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, granted, set and to farm let to Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale, executors of the last will and testament of John Bazett deceased, all that parcel of cabbage tree land containing two acres, lying at the head of Flemast Valley. It was bounded on the north by land late of William Seale, on the south by John French, on the east by John French, and on the west by land of John Bazett deceased. Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale, together with their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, were to hold the parcel and all its appurtenances from the date of these presents for a term of twenty-one years, but in trust for the children of John Bazett deceased. This was on condition that the honourable company approved the grant, and that the children of John Bazett, and their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, should bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the honourable company and their successors, and should obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. On a further condition, Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale, with their heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, were to keep up and maintain the fences of the land and the full quantity of wood upon it. Interpretations The lease was granted to four executors who took the land in trust for the children of the deceased, so that the term ran for the benefit of the young heirs while the named trustees managed it and answered to the Company for the rent and the covenants. This was the same device used in the Gurling grant earlier in the run, keeping a small estate intact for minors who could not yet hold or administer land themselves, the naming of several executors spreading the charge of the trust and reflecting the standing of John Bazett, who had sat on the council and served as storekeeper. The parcel was cabbage tree land, ground carrying the endemic cabbage trees of the island's higher ridges whose timber the council was anxious to preserve against the chronic want of wood, and the covenant to maintain the standing wood tied this trust grant into the wider effort to protect the island's scarce timber. The requirement that the whole grant await the honourable company's approval before taking final effect showed the layered authority under which island land was let, the local board granting on the ground while the distant directors retained the ultimate say. The bounds fixed the parcel by the holdings of named neighbours, William Seale, John French on two sides, and the deceased's own remaining land, the same reliance on abutting owners by which the island's parcels were ordinarily described in the absence of formal survey. That John French bounded the ground on two sides while the west lay against Bazett's own land showed the close intermingling of holdings in that valley, the recital of each neighbour serving in place of a map to establish exactly which ground the trust covered for the children's benefit.
492		489	Sooner determination of this Lease Yeild up & Surrender in Good Order & Repair unto them the sd Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns All their hereby demised Land & premises with the Appurtenances Yeilding & Paying therefore Yearly Every Year during the Term of this present Lease unto them the sd Honble Company their Successors Agents or Agents the Sum of five Shillings P Acre in at or upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Archangell Yearly And Upon further Condition That they the sd Mathew Twiling Samuel Dowton John Desfountain & Richard Beale their Heirs Admors or Allowed Assigns shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or their Interest therein without the Leave & Consent of the Govr & Councill for the time being In Witness Whereof we the sd Govr & Councill have Sett our hands & Affixed the Honble Companys Seale this 9 day of Aprill in the 17 Year of the Reign of our sd Sovereign Lord George the Second by the Grace of God of Great Brittain France and Ireland King Defender of the faith so forth And in the Year of our Lord 1745 And they the sd Mathew Twiling Samuel Dowton John Desfountain & Richard Beale to the Other Part have Sett their Hands & Seals the day & Year abovewritten Signed David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Mathew Twiling Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble The United Company of Merchants of England Trading to	At the sooner determination of the lease, the tenants were to yield up and surrender the land and premises, with their appurtenances, in good order and repair to the honourable company, their successors, agents or assigns. For this, Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale were to pay yearly throughout the term the sum of five shillings an acre, at or upon the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. On a further condition, they and their heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were not to sell or dispose of the lease, or their interest in it, without the leave and consent of the Governor and council of the day. The Governor and council confirmed this by affixing the honourable company's seal on 9 April, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the sovereign lord King George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and in the year 1745. Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale signed the counterpart and set their hands and seals on the same day and year. The lease was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Matthew Purling. At the island of St Helena, the lords proprietors of the island, the honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, granted, set and to farm let as set out below. Interpretations The closing terms of the Bazett trust lease bound the executors to surrender the ground in good order at the term's end and reserved to the council its consent over any assignment, the same protections the board attached to every grant to keep both the condition of the land and the choice of holder in its own hands. That the trustees included men who themselves sat on the council, Matthew Purling among the signatories to the very lease he took, showed the small compass of the island's governing circle, where the same figures acted as landlord, administrator and tenant across its land business. The date of 9 April fixed this grant to the consultation of that day, a week before the leases executed on 16 April, the deeds being drawn and sealed as the council worked steadily through the parcels it had granted, part of the wider calling-in and re-examination of the island's leases under Governor Dunbar. The board carried a run of such executions together, each on the settled framework of rent, term and obligation, the trust for the Bazett children distinguishing this one from an ordinary planter's lease. The opening of a fresh grant at the foot of the page continued the sequence, the council moving from one parcel to the next without pause, the standing formula of the lords proprietors and the United Company recited afresh for each. This steady procession of grants through April 1745 marked the ordinary business of an island whose land was held almost wholly of the Company, every holding passing under a deed in the same form and every renewal or fresh let coming before the board for its seal.
493		490	to the East Indies Do hereby Demise Grant Leave Sett & to farm Sett unto Mathew Twiling Samuel Dowton John Disfountain and Richard Beale Exors to the Last Will & Testament of John Bazett deceased All that peice or Parcell of Gumwood Land Containing Three and an half Acres Scituate Lying & being in Fishers Valley Bounding Every Way on the Companys Wast Land in the East Division of the said Island To have and to hold the said hereby demised Parcel of Land & Every part & Parcell thereof together with all and Singular the Wood Water Watercourses Houses Buildings Edifices Sheds Tenements Yams and plantations of Yams Fruit Trees Walls fences and all & Singular the Rights & Comodities to them & Each & Every of them belonging or Appertaining unto them the sd Mathew Twiling Samuel Dowton John Disfountain & Richard Beale their Heirs Exors Admors or allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for & during all the Space & Term of 21 Years from thence next Ensueing In Trust Nevertheless and to the Use of the Children of the said John Bazett decd Upon Condition that they the sd Mathew Twiling Samuel Dowton John Disfountain & Richard Beale their Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns & they the sd Children & Each of them their & Each of their Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall and do bear true faith & Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs & Successors and true faith to them the sd Honble Company & their Successors & duely Observe & Obey all the Laws & Constitutions of the sd Island And Upon Condition Also that they the sd Mathew Twiling Samuel Dowton John Disfountain & Richard Beale their Exors Admors & Assigns Shall & do from time to time and at all	The honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies granted, set and to farm let to Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale, executors of the last will and testament of John Bazett deceased, all that parcel of gumwood land containing three acres and a half, lying in Fisher's Valley and bounded every way by the company's waste land in the east division of the island. Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale, together with their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, were to hold the parcel and every part of it, with all the wood, water, watercourses, houses, buildings, offices, sheds, tenements, yams, plantations of yams, fruit trees, walls, fences and all other rights and commodities belonging to them, from the date of these presents for a term of twenty-one years, but in trust for the children of John Bazett deceased. This was on condition that Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale, with their heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, and the children of John Bazett, and each of them, with their heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, should bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the honourable company and their successors, and should observe and obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. Interpretations This was the second parcel granted to the same four executors in trust for John Bazett's children, following the cabbage tree acres let at the head of the valley, so that the two grants together made up the land held for the young heirs. Taking separate parcels under distinct deeds, each on the standard twenty-one-year term and each carrying the trust, showed how a deceased planter's scattered holdings were secured one by one for his children through the hands of the executors named in his will. The lease again conveyed the whole standing establishment upon the ground rather than the bare land, the wood, water and watercourses, the buildings and sheds, the growing yams and their plantations, the fruit trees, walls and fences passing with the parcel, so that the children took a working holding complete with its improvements. This full recital of appurtenances marked a developed parcel carrying crops and structures, the value held in trust being the labour and growth already established on the ground. The parcel lay in the east division of the island, bounded every way by the Company's own waste land, marking it as ground standing apart within unallocated territory rather than pressed against the holdings of neighbouring planters. That the two trust parcels lay in different valleys, one at the head of Flemast Valley and this in Fisher's Valley, reflected the way a planter's estate was commonly made up of separated pieces across the island, each now carried forward under its own deed for the benefit of his heirs.
494		491	times hereafter during the Term of this Lease keep up & maintain in Good Order & Sufficient & Legal repair All Such Buildings Houses Edifices Sheds Tenements Plantations & fences as now are or hereafter Shall be made built or Erected thereon & Shall moreover Plant keep & Maintain & preserve in & Upon the sd hereby demised Parcell of Land its full Quantity or proportion of Wood being One tenth Part of the sd Parcel of Land & Shall Likewise Plant & preserve furze within side & without the fences of the sd Land & Shall Plant fruit Trees Such as Apple Lemon Mulberry or Peach Trees in such part thereof as they are most Likely to grow And as they shall happen to decay or dye Shall replant Others of the like Sorts thereon without Hurt or Prejudice Nevertheless to any part of Such Land as shall be Sett Apart for the Sole purpose of Planting & raising Yams Yeilding & Paying therefore Yearly & Every Year during the Term of this present Lease Unto them the sd Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Sum of five Shillings P Acre in at or upon the Feast of St Michael the Archangell Yearly And Upon further Condition that they the sd Mathew Twiling Samuel Dowton John Disfountain & Richard Beale their Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns shall not alter or remove the sd fences they being the Limitts or Land Marks of the Parcell of Land aforesaid And Shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or their Interest therein without The Leave & Consent of the Govr & Councill for the time being In Witness Whereof We the sd Govr & Councill have Sett our Hands & Affixed the Honble Companys Seal this 16 day of April in the 17th Year of the Reign of our sd Sovereign Lord George the 2d by the Grace of God of Great Brittain France & Ireland King Defender of the Faith &c forth And in the Year of our Lord 1745 And they the sd Mathew Twiling Samuel Dowton John Disfountain & Richard Beale to these presents Sett their Hands & Seals the day & Year abovewritten Signed David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Mathew Twiling	The tenants were to keep up and maintain in good order and sufficient and legal repair all the buildings, houses, offices, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards made, built or erected on the ground. They were also to plant, keep up, maintain and preserve the full quantity or proportion of wood, being one tenth part of the parcel. They were likewise to plant and preserve furze within and along the fences, and to plant fruit trees such as apple, lemon, mulberry or peach in such parts as were most likely to grow, replacing any that decayed or died with others of the like kind, without harm or prejudice to any part of the land set apart for the sole purpose of planting and raising yams. For this, Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale were to pay yearly throughout the term the sum of five shillings an acre, at or upon the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. On a further condition, they and their heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were not to alter or remove the fences, which marked the limits and land marks of the parcel, and were not to sell or dispose of the lease or their interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council of the day. The Governor and council confirmed this by affixing the honourable company's seal on 16 April, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the sovereign lord King George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and in the year 1745. Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton, John Defountain and Richard Beale signed the counterpart and set their hands and seals on the same day and year. The lease was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Matthew Purling. Interpretations The covenants on this second trust parcel matched those on the gumwood grants let earlier in the run, binding the tenants to keep the buildings and fences in repair, to preserve the standing wood at a fixed tenth of the ground, and to establish gorse and orchard trees, so that the whole holding held for the Bazett children was maintained in both fabric and growth throughout the term. The uniform imposition of these duties across the season's leases showed the council applying a settled policy to every grant, the island's want of timber and the value of its improvements protected alike whoever the holder. The reservation of the ground given over to yams from the planting obligations again marked the priority the board placed on the island's staple food crop, protecting the ground the settlement depended on for subsistence from encroachment by the duty to plant trees. The council directed the specific character of the cultivation, gorse for fuel and hedging and named fruit trees for provisions, while taking care that these improvements did not cut into the crop the island could least afford to lose. The sealing of this deed on 16 April placed it with the other leases executed that day, the council working steadily through the parcels it had granted as part of the wider calling-in and re-examination of the island's leases under Governor Dunbar. That the same men who took the land as trustees for the Bazett children sat as members of the board sealing the grant, Matthew Purling and Samuel Doveton among them, again showed the small compass of the island's governing circle, where the same figures acted as landlord, administrator and tenant across its land business.
495		492	The Storekeeper this day laid before us the following Accots vizt Collection of Goods Sold & delivered out of the Honble Compas Stores from the 1st Jany to the 31st March 1745, vizt Sold to the Planters at 40 P Cent Arrack. 181 1/2 Gallr £ 54 7 6 Sugar & Candy vizt 0 lb. — 60 Sugar 25 17 6 8 " — 19 Candy 24 15 7 1/2 50 13 1/2 Oyle, vizt 1 1/4 Gallr Train 5 10 12 Gallr Linseed 3 15 " 3 Bottles Florence 10 6 4 11 4 Tea. 6 Cattees 12 " Rice £1.1.— 13 1/2 Hooks & Lines, vizt 850 Blue Hooks 3 6 3/4 5 gross 3 doz Hooks Sorted 2 1 3 4 doz 10 Lines Sorted 1 7 1 1/2 5 damaged Lines 5 10 3 17 9 Long Cloth, vizt 5 pieces Ordinary 6 10 10 1 pce Midling 1 10 10 8 1 8 Palampoes 19 Sorted 5 17 1 Bread & Flour, vizt 1.1.12 Bread 1 11 8 3.1.13 Flour 3 18 6 1/2 5 10 2 1/2 Carried Over £ 134 3 9 1/2	The storekeeper this day laid before the council the following account. It was a collection of goods sold and delivered out of the honourable company's stores from 1 January to 31 March 1745. Sold to the planters at 40 per cent: Arrack, 181.5 gallons, £54 7s 6d Sugar and candy: 11 cwt 0 qtr 10 lb of sugar, £25 17s 6d 8 cwt 0 qtr 19 lb of candy, £24 15s 7.5d Total: £50 13s 1.5d Oil: 1.5 gallons of train, £0 5s 10d 12 gallons of linseed, £3 15s 0d 3 bottles of Florence, £0 10s 6d Total: £4 11s 4d Tea, 6 catties, £0 0s 12d Rice at 1 lb 1 oz, £0 13s 1.5d Hooks and lines: 850 blue hooks, £0 3s 6.5d 5 gross 3 dozen sorted hooks, £2 1s 3d 4 dozen 10 sorted lines, £1 7s 1.5d 5 damaged lines, £0 5s 10d Total: £3 17s 9d Long cloth: 5 pieces ordinary, £6 10s 10d 1 piece middling, £1 10s 10d Total: £8 1s 8d Palampores, 19 sorted, £5 17s 1d Bread and flour: 1 cwt 1 qtr 12 lb of bread, £1 11s 8d 3 cwt 1 qtr 13 lb of flour, £3 18s 6.5d Total: £5 10s 2.5d Carried over: £134 3s 9.5d Interpretations The account gathered a quarter's issues from the Company's stores sold to the planters at a fixed mark-up of forty per cent, the whole ranged by class of goods and valued in sterling so that the settlement's internal trade could be drawn into the Company's revenue. Selling stores to the inhabitants at a set advance on cost was the ordinary means by which the island's people obtained the goods a remote station could not otherwise supply, and by which the Company recovered both the price and a margin, the arrack and the sugar and candy together making up the largest part of the quarter's sales. Several of the named goods were imported commodities less familiar to a modern reader. Candy was sugar candy, the refined crystallised sugar carried in chests from the Company's Indian settlements alongside the coarser sugar; train oil was the oil rendered from fish or whale used to grease timber and leather, set against the linseed pressed from flax and the Florence olive oil of Tuscany; and the textiles carried the bulk of the finer trade, long cloth being a plain white calico woven in standard lengths and palampores the large painted cotton bedcovers of the Coromandel coast, both prized furnishings of the eastern trade. The hooks and lines sold in quantity, including a parcel entered as damaged, reflected the importance of fishing to the island, whose people caught much of their own provision and to whom the Company supplied the tackle from its stores. The keeping of the account by class of goods, each line named with its quantity and price and totalled before the whole was carried forward, gave the Company a means to check the quarter's sales item by item and to satisfy itself that what left the warehouse was fully accounted for at a consistent value.
496		493	Brot Over £ 134 3 9 1/2 Haberdashery ware, vizt 26 Scanes Silk 13 2 11 do Mohair 3 8 3 peices Broad Holland Tape 2 6 1 peice Broad white Tape 2 11 3 doz Coat Buttons 2 " 2 doz Breast do 8 1 peice Bobbing 1 1/2 1 7 3 1/2 Paint, vizt 1 lb Indico 2 4 2 3/4 lb Blue Smalts 6 5 2 lb White Lead 9 9 6 Starch 5 lb 2 11 Pewter, vizt 1 doz Spoons 2 11 2 Quart Flannells 6 4 9 3 Thread vizt 4 lb Brown Thread Sorted 1 8 3/4 lb Coll do 2 5 3/4 1 oz Nuns 1 11 1 12 4 3/4 Desootees vizt 7 Peices Short 4 2 3 2 Peices Long 2 7 " 6 9 3 Blanketts 1 Ordinary 8 1 Muslin 3 Peices 2 5 3 Black Broad Cloth 13 3/4 do Ordinary 13 18 5 3/4 Carried Over £ 161 6 1 1/2	The account continued, brought over at £134 3s 9.5d. Haberdashery: 26 skeins of silk, £0 18s 2d 11 skeins of mohair, £0 3s 8d 3 pieces of broad Holland tape, £0 9s 6d 1 piece of broad white tape, £0 2s 11d 3 dozen coat buttons, £0 2s 0d 2 dozen breast buttons, £0 0s 8d 1 piece of bobbin, £0 0s 4.5d Total: £1 7s 3.5d Paint: 1 lb of indigo, £0 2s 4d 2.75 lb of blue smalts, £0 6s 5d 2 lb of white lead, £0 0s 9d Total: £0 9s 6d Starch, 5 lb, £0 2s 11d Pewter: 1 dozen spoons, £0 2s 11d 2 quart funnels, £0 6s 4d Total: £0 9s 3d Thread: 4 lb of brown thread sorted, £1 8s 0d 3.75 lb of coloured thread, £0 2s 5.5d 1 oz of nuns, £0 1s 11d Total: £1 12s 4.5d Doosetees: 7 pieces short, £4 2s 3d 2 pieces long, £2 7s 0d Total: £6 9s 3d Blankets, 1 ordinary, £0 8s 1d Muslin, 3 pieces, £0 9s 5d 3d Black broad cloth, 15.5 yards ordinary, £13 18s 5.5d Carried over: £161 6s 1.5d Interpretations The account carried on the quarter's sales from the Company's stores to the inhabitants, now ranging through the haberdashery, small wares and cloth that a remote settlement could obtain only from the warehouse, each class named with its quantity and price and totalled before the whole was carried forward. The mix of sewing materials, buttons, tapes and thread reflected the ordinary domestic needs of the island's households, met by drawing on the goods shipped out from London and sold on at the fixed advance. Several of the named goods were imported commodities less familiar to a modern reader. Blue smalts were a powdered blue glass coloured with cobalt, used as a pigment in paint and in laundering; indigo was the deep blue plant dye of the eastern trade; and nuns were a fine grade of thread. Among the cloths, doosetees were the plain coarse Bengal cottons made up into the annual clothing issued to the Company's slaves, while black broad cloth was the fine dense felted wool of a respectable coat, the dearest fabric in the account and the single most valuable line on the page. The keeping of the account by class of goods, each item entered with its weight, length or number and its price, gave the Company a means to check the quarter's sales in fine detail and to satisfy itself that every parcel leaving the warehouse was accounted for at a consistent value. The steady descent from the bulk provisions of the previous page through these small wares and finer cloths showed the storekeeper working methodically through the whole range of what the stores held, drawing the settlement's varied trade into a single ordered reckoning carried forward to its total.
497		494	Brot Over £ 161 6 1 1/2 Nailes vizt 3 lb Scupper Nailes 2 " 3 lb 40 Nailes 1 3 1 1/4 lb Glazing Brads 2 4 1/2 13 lb Flooring Brads 6 6 12 1 1/2 Glaziersware vizt 118 Squares of Glass 8 by 10 3 8 10 3 do 12 by 12 3 3/4 19 do 6 by 8 4 4 1/4 1 Wine & Water Glass 10 1/2 3 17 1 1/2 Pitch & Tar vizt 20 lb Rozin 3 4 7 lb Tarr 7 1/2 4 lb Pitch 6 4 3 1/2 Shoes vizt 1 pr forks 2 8 4 pr Boys 18 4 1 1 " Pepper 1 lb 8 1/2 Cordage vizt 21 lb Cordage 9 7 1/2 120 lb do Twist Laid 3 " " 3 9 7 1/2 Turnersware vizt 13 Wood Bowles 10 10 3 Hair Brooms 5 9 1 Fray 3 5 1 Straining Dish 1 4 1/2 Carried Over £ 171 11 6 1/2	The account continued, brought over at £161 6s 1.5d. Nails: 3 lb of scupper nails, £0 2s 0d 3 lb of 40 nails, £0 1s 3d 1.5 lb of glazing brads, £0 2s 4.5d 13 lb of flooring brads, £0 6s 6d Total: £0 12s 1.5d Glaziers ware: 118 squares of glass, 8 by 10, £3 8s 10d 3 squares of glass, 12 by 12, £0 3s 9.5d 19 squares of glass, 6 by 8, £0 4s 4.5d 1 wine and water glass, £0 0s 10.5d Total: £3 17s 1.5d Pitch and tar: 20 lb of rosin, £0 3s 4d 7 lb of tar, £0 0s 7.5d 4 lb of pitch, £0 0s 6d Total: £0 4s 5.5d Shoes: 1 pair girls, £0 2s 8d 4 pairs boys, £0 18s 4d Total: £1 1s 0d Pepper, 1 lb, £0 0s 8.5d Cordage: 21 lb cordage, £0 9s 7.5d 120 lb twice-laid cordage, £3 0s 0d Total: £3 9s 7.5d Braziers ware: 13 wooden bowls, £0 10s 10d 3 hair brooms, £0 5s 9d 1 tray, £0 3s 5d 1 straining dish, £0 0s 4.5d Total: £1 0s 4.5d Carried over: £171 11s 6.5d Interpretations The account carried on the quarter's sales from the Company's stores to the inhabitants through the harder goods of a settlement, the nails, glass, pitch, cordage and household vessels that a remote station could obtain only from the warehouse, each class named with its quantity and price and totalled before the whole was carried forward. The presence of glazing brads, window glass in several sizes and flooring nails reflected the ordinary needs of a built settlement whose people maintained and fitted out their houses from goods shipped out from London. Several of the named goods were commodities less familiar to a modern reader. Scupper nails were the broad-headed nails used to fasten the leather of a ship's scuppers, and 40 nails took their name from the price of forty pence per hundred rather than any length; rosin was the residue of distilled pine resin used with pitch and tar for waterproofing; and twice-laid cordage was rope made from the yarns of old cable re-spun, cheaper than new and sold for lighter work. Braziers ware, despite its name pointing to worked brass, here covered the plain wooden bowls, brooms, tray and straining dish of a household's ordinary furniture. The nails and window glass sold in graded sizes, and the pitch, tar and rosin issued together for waterproofing, showed the storekeeper supplying not merely provisions and cloth but the materials of building and repair on which the island depended. The keeping of the account by class of goods, each line entered with its weight, dimension or number and its price, gave the Company a means to check the quarter's sales in fine detail and to satisfy itself that every parcel leaving the warehouse was accounted for at a consistent value, the whole carried forward to its running total.
498		495	Brot Over £ 171 11 6 1/2 Cuttanees 1 peice No 1 16 10 1/2 Oars 6 Sorted 1 9 " Ironmongers ware vizt 2 Large frying Pans 9 8 3 Small do 7 " 7/4 lb Brass Wire 10 1/2 1 Box Lock Iron plate 9 4 3 Hoes 7 3 1 doz Wood Screws 1 6 1 8 7 1/2 Tinware 1 Watering pott 7 3 Cutleryware 2 Wood handle Knives 1 2 Chellows 2 peices 1 5 " Twine 3 1/2 lb Sorted 4 3 3/4 Lead 32 lb Sheet 8 " Chinaware vizt 1 Sett Dishes & Plates 9 11 1 Snuffer 3 3/4 10 2 3/4 Coals 7 Bushells 9 4 3/4 Flannells 3 Yards 4 6 Deals 6 1 1 " Total Sold to the Planters£ 179 17 2 1/4 Sold to the Garrison at 10 P Cent Arrack 541 1/2 Gallons 135 6 3 Sugar & Candy vizt 41. — 13 Sugar 76 15 " 10.3.26 Candy 28 13 9 105 8 9 Carried Over £ 240 15 — 1/2	The account continued, brought over at £171 11s 6.5d. Cuttanees, 1 piece number 1, £0 16s 10d Oars, 6 sorted, £1 9s 0d Ironmongers ware: 2 large frying pans, and 3 small, £0 9s 8d 7 lb of brass wire, £0 0s 10.5d 1 box lock, iron plate, £0 2s 4d 3 hoes, £0 7s 3d 1 dozen wood screws, £0 1s 6d Total: £1 8s 7.5d Tinware, 1 watering pot, £0 7s 8d Cutlery ware, 2 wood-handle knives, £0 1s 2d Chelloes, 2 pieces, £1 5s 0d Twine, 5.5 lb sorted, £0 4s 3.5d Lead, 32 lb sheet, £0 0s 8d Chinaware: 1 set of dishes and plates, £0 9s 11d 1 sneaker, £0 0s 3.5d Total: £0 10s 2.5d Coals, 7 bushels, £0 9s 4d Flannels, 3 yards, £0 4s 6d Deals, 6, £1 1s 0d Total sold to the planters: £179 17s 2.5d Sold to the garrison at 10 per cent: Arrack, 541.5 gallons, £135 6s 3d Sugar and candy: 41 cwt 0 qtr 13 lb of sugar, £76 15s 0d 10 cwt 3 qtr 26 lb of candy, £28 13s 9d Total: £105 8s 9d Carried over: £240 15s 0d Interpretations The account closed the quarter's sales to the planters and then opened a second reckoning of goods sold to the garrison, the two bodies of buyers charged at very different rates: the planters paid a mark-up of forty per cent on the stores they took, the garrison only ten. This lower advance to the soldiers reflected their standing as the Company's own servants, supplied more nearly at cost, where the planters as independent inhabitants bore the fuller margin. The great quantity of arrack drawn by the garrison at the reduced rate showed how much of the soldiers' custom lay in strong drink. Several of the named goods were commodities less familiar to a modern reader. Cuttanees and chelloes were both cottons of the eastern trade, the chelloe a plain blue Coromandel cloth sold by the piece; sneakers were small drinking cups for punch or spirits, entered here among the chinaware; and deals were sawn softwood boards, the coals shipped from England serving the smith's forge rather than domestic heating on an island of temperate climate. The ironmongers ware, cutlery and tinware gathered the metal goods of a household, from frying pans and hoes to a box lock and a watering pot. The keeping of the account by class of goods to a stated total sold to the planters, before the garrison's separate reckoning began, gave the Company a clear division of its two markets and a means to check each against its own rate of charge. The whole descent from bulk provisions through small wares to these final metal goods and building materials showed the storekeeper drawing the settlement's entire quarterly trade into a single ordered account, every parcel named with its price and carried forward to a running total that measured the stores' full contribution to the Company's revenue.
499		496	Brot Over £ 240 15 " Bread & Flour vizt 7.2.20 Bread 6 5 5 17.2.2 Flour 14 6 1 1/2 69.2.24 do Baked into Loaves 61 " " 81 11 6 1/2 Oyle vizt 37 3/4 gallr Linseed 9 5 7 1/4 3 3/4 do Train 11 11 14 Bottles Florence 1 18 6 11 16 1/4 Pewter vizt 1.2 quart Pott 5 8 1 doz Spoons 2 4 1 Funnell 2 6 10 6 Haberdashery ware vizt 1 1/2 Doz Coat Buttons Mohair 1 " 18 1/2 doz Breast do do 4 7 1/2 16 Scanes Mohair 4 " 85 do Silk 1 18 11 1/2 2 Yards Ferrett 6 2 peices Carnation Tape 11 93 Yards Garttring 15 6 3 5 6 Shoes 125 pr Mens 28 2 6 Muslin 6 peices 3 11 6 Shirts 4 Dungree 8 4 Paint vizt 3 lb Indico 5 6 4 lb Blue Smalts 7 4 12 10 Carried Over £ 370 13 8 3/4	The account continued, brought over at £240 15s 0d. Bread and flour: 7 cwt 2 qtr 20 lb of bread, £6 5s 5d 17 cwt 2 qtr 2 lb of flour, £14 6s 1.5d 69 cwt 2 qtr 24 lb of flour baked into loaves, £61 0s 0d Total: £81 11s 6.5d Oil: 37.5 gallons of linseed, £9 5s 7.5d 3.5 gallons of train, £0 11s 11d 14 bottles of Florence, £1 18s 6d Total: £11 16s 0.5d Pewter: 1 2-quart pot, £0 5s 8d 1 dozen spoons, £0 2s 4d 1 funnel, £0 2s 6d Total: £0 10s 6d Haberdashery: 1.5 dozen coat buttons, mohair, £0 1s 0d 18.5 dozen breast buttons, mohair, £0 4s 7.5d 16 skeins of mohair, £0 0s 4d 8.5 skeins of silk, £1 18s 11.5d 2 yards of ferret, £0 0s 6d 2 pieces of carnation tape, £0 0s 11d 98 yards of garting, £0 15s 6d Total: £3 5s 6d Shoes, 125 pairs mens, £28 2s 6d Muslin, 6 pieces, £3 11s 6d Shirts, 4 dungaree, £0 8s 4d Paint: 3 lb of indigo, £0 5s 6d 4 lb of blue smalts, £0 7s 4d Total: £0 12s 10d Carried over: £370 13s 8.5d Interpretations The account carried on the garrison's quarterly issues from the Company's stores, supplied at the reduced ten per cent advance the soldiers enjoyed as the Company's own servants. The far larger scale of these figures against the planters' sales showed the weight of the garrison's custom, the flour baked into loaves and the men's shoes alone making up a great part of the reckoning, reflecting a body of men fed and clothed largely from the warehouse where the independent planters supplied more of their own wants. Several of the named goods were commodities less familiar to a modern reader. Mohair was the fine goat's-hair yarn from the Angora goat used for buttons and trimming; ferret and garting were narrow woven tapes, the latter for garters; carnation tape a tape of that colour; and blue smalts a powdered blue glass coloured with cobalt used as a pigment and in laundering. The dungaree shirts were of a coarse Indian cotton, the plainest wear issued to the men, set against the finer muslin and silk that also passed through the stores. The very large charge for flour baked into loaves marked the garrison's daily bread, the Company converting its stored flour into the ration the soldiers drew, a staple that dwarfed every other line on the page. The keeping of the account by class of goods, each item entered with its weight, length or number and its price and totalled before the whole was carried forward, gave the Company a means to check the garrison's quarterly consumption in fine detail, the running total measuring the full charge of maintaining and supplying the men from the island's stores.
500		497	Brot Over £ 370 13 8 3/4 Thread vizt 10 lb Brown Thread Sorted 3 1 3/4 12 3/4 lb Coloured 1 12 11 1/4 7 oz Nuns Sorted 8 6 5 2 6 Desootees 11 1/2 peices Short 5 4 3 1/2 Long Cloth 28 1/2 peices Ordinary 29 6 7 1/4 Tea 69 Cattees 5 9 3 Salt 1 Bushell 6 5 Hooks & Lines vizt 10 gross 8 doz Hooks Sorted 3 2 7 3/4 7775 Blue Hooks 1 5 11 11 doz 9 Lines Sorted 2 16 6 3/4 7 5 1 1/4 Pepper 12 lb 6 9 3/4 Palampores 21 Sorted 4 19 9 Twine 16 1/2 lb Sorted 15 5 Starch & Hair Powder vizt 5 1/2 lb Starch 2 6 3/4 1 lb Hair Powder 7 1/4 3 1 3/4 Brazierware 2 flatt Candlesticks 7 2 Blanketts 6 Ordinary 1 18 3 Glazierware vizt 1 Square Glass 8 by 10 5 6 Tumblers or Wine & Water Glasses 4 3 3 Ewers 2 3/4 2 pint Decanters 3 6 1/4 14 Wine Glasses 5 3 15 6 3/4 Iron Pott 1 4 4 Cordage 7 lb 1 4 1/4 Rozin — 11 lb 1 4 1/2 Carried Over £ 432 14 1 1/4	The account continued, brought over at £370 13s 8.5d. Thread: 10 lb of brown thread sorted, £3 1s 0.5d 12.75 lb of coloured thread, £1 12s 11.5d 7 oz of nuns sorted, £0 8s 6d Total: £5 2s 6d Doosetees, 11.5 pieces short, £5 4s 5.5d Long cloth, 28.5 pieces ordinary, £29 6s 7.5d Tea, 6 catties, £0 9s 3d Salt, 1 bushel, £0 6s 5d Hooks and lines: 10 gross 8 dozen sorted hooks, £3 2s 7.5d 7,775 blue hooks, £1 5s 11d 11 dozen 9 sorted lines, £2 16s 6.5d Total: £7 5s 1.5d Pepper, 12 lb, £0 6s 9d Palampores, 21 sorted, £4 12s 9d Twine, 16.5 lb sorted, £0 15s 5d Starch and hair powder: 5.5 lb of starch, £0 2s 6.5d 1 lb of hair powder, £0 0s 7.5d Total: £0 3s 1.5d Braziers ware, 2 flat candlesticks, £0 7s 2d Blankets, 6 ordinary, £1 18s 3d Glaziers ware: 1 square of glass, 8 by 10, £0 0s 5d 6 tumblers or wine and water glasses, £0 4s 3d 3 cruets, £0 2s 0.5d 2 pint decanters, £0 3s 6.5d 14 wine glasses, £0 5s 3d Total: £0 15s 6.5d Iron pot, 1, £0 4s 4d Cordage, 1 lb, £0 1s 4.5d Rosin, 1 lb, £0 0s 0d Carried over: £432 14s 1.5d Interpretations The account carried on the garrison's quarterly issues from the Company's stores, ranging through cloth, tackle, glassware and small household goods supplied at the ten per cent advance the soldiers enjoyed as the Company's own servants. The long cloth alone made up a great part of the page, the plain white calico woven in standard lengths being a staple of the men's clothing, while the hooks and lines drawn in quantity reflected the fishing by which the garrison, like the planters, caught much of its own provision. Several of the named goods were commodities less familiar to a modern reader. Nuns were a fine grade of thread; doosetees the plain coarse Bengal cottons made up into the annual slave clothing; palampores the large painted cotton bedcovers of the Coromandel coast; and hair powder the scented starch dusted on the wig, entered here beside the laundry starch. The glassware gathered the drinking vessels of a household, tumblers, cruets, decanters and wine glasses, the wares a remote settlement could obtain only from the warehouse. The keeping of the account by class of goods, each item entered with its weight, length or number and its price and totalled before the whole was carried forward, gave the Company a means to check the garrison's quarterly consumption in fine detail. The steady descent through the whole range of the stores, from the bulk cloth down to a single iron pot and a pound of cordage, showed the storekeeper drawing every parcel issued to the soldiers into one ordered reckoning, the running total measuring the full charge of supplying the garrison from the island's stores.
501		498	Brot Over £ 432 14 1 1/4 Ironmongersware vizt 2 Drill bow Strings 1 6 4 Drill Boxes 1 2 2 Rag stona 3 3 Small frying Pans 5 6 1 Trowell 1 1 3/4 1 Hoe 1 11 3 Box Locks with Brass Plates 6 3 1 Padlock 2 10 1 " 6 1/2 Turnersware vizt 21 Wood Bowles 14 4 Mops 3 2 hair Brooms 3 1 2 Hatters 1 4 3 Cloth Brushes 3 7 1/2 2 Scrubing Brushes 3 1 . 10 1/2 Chinaware vizt 18 Cups & Saucers 2 3 1 Bowle 11 2 Snuckers 6 1 Sett dishes & Plates 7 6 11 2 Broadcloth, vizt 2 1/2 Yards fine 2 4 2 9 1/4 do Ordinary 7 16 5 3/4 10 " 7 3/4 Nailes 1 1/4 lb Scupper 9 Deales 2 half Inch Wainscoat Boards 5 2 Sacking 12 1/2 Yards 9 1 1/2 Lead 2 lb Sheet 4 1/2 Carried Over £ 446 12 2	The account continued, brought over at £432 14s 1.5d. Ironmongers ware: 2 drill bow strings, £0 1s 6d 4 drill boxes, £0 1s 2d 2 rag stones, £0 0s 3d 3 small frying pans, £0 5s 6d 1 trowel, £0 1s 1.5d 1 hoe, £0 1s 11d 3 box locks with brass plates, £0 6s 3d 1 padlock, £0 2s 10d Total: £1 0s 6.5d Turners ware: 21 wooden bowls, £0 14s 0d 4 mops, £0 5s 0d 2 hair brooms, £0 3s 1d 2 platters, £0 1s 4d 3 cloth brushes, £0 3s 7.5d 2 scrubbing brushes, £0 3s 0d Total: £1 10s 0.5d Chinaware: 18 cups and saucers, £0 2s 3d 1 bowl, £0 0s 11d 2 sneakers, £0 0s 6d 1 set of dishes and plates, £0 7s 6d Total: £0 11s 2d Broad cloth: 2.5 yards fine, £2 4s 2d 9.25 yards ordinary, £7 16s 5.5d Total: £10 0s 7.5d Nails, 17 lb scupper, £0 0s 9d Deals, 2 half-inch wainscot boards, £0 5s 2d Sacking, 12.5 yards, £0 9s 4.5d Lead, 2 lb sheet, £0 0s 4.5d Carried over: £446 12s 2d Interpretations The account carried on the garrison's quarterly issues from the Company's stores through the metal goods, wooden vessels, chinaware and cloth of ordinary use, each supplied at the ten per cent advance the soldiers enjoyed as the Company's own servants. The broad cloth, the fine dense felted wool of a respectable coat, made up the largest charge on the page, the two grades together outweighing every other line and marking the better clothing the men drew from the warehouse alongside their coarser wear. Several of the named goods were commodities less familiar to a modern reader. Drill bow strings and drill boxes were parts of a bow drill, the tool worked by drawing a bow back and forth to spin the bit; rag stones were coarse sharpening stones; sneakers were small drinking cups for punch or spirits, entered here among the chinaware; and wainscot boards were the good oak boards used for panelling and joinery, distinct from the plain softwood deals. Turners ware, though named for the turner's craft, here covered the plain bowls, platters, brooms and brushes of a household's furniture. The keeping of the account by class of goods, each item entered with its weight, length or number and its price and totalled before the whole was carried forward, gave the Company a means to check the garrison's quarterly consumption in fine detail. The descent from the drill tools and locks through the household vessels and brushes to the sacking and sheet lead showed the storekeeper drawing every parcel issued to the soldiers into a single ordered account, the running total measuring the full charge of supplying and maintaining the men from the island's stores.
502		499	Brot Over £ 446 12 2 Flannells 3 Yards 3 7 1/4 Oars 1.16 feet 3 10 Rice & Paddy vizt 0.2.7 fine rice 6 2 3/4 17.2.18 Coarse do 6 12 5 3/4 2.2.— Paddy 15 7 1/4 7 14 3 3/4 Beef & Pork vizt 45 pieces Beef 7 6 3 147 pieces Pork 15 6 3 22 12 6 Pease & Grotts vizt 3 1/2 Bushell of Pease 1 6 6 3/4 1 Bushell Grotts 7 6 3/4 1 14 1 1/2 Total to the Military £ 479 - 6 1/4 Charges General &c for the following Stores from the 1st January to the 31 March 1745 vizt Paint vizt 1. — 27 lb White Lead for Painting the New Building & Portico 1 15 10 2 lb Indico for Linseed 3 4 3 lb Red Lead 5 3/4 4 lb Red Oaker for painting New Buildings and 10 1 lb Whiting Portico & Other 2 3/4 5 lb Yellow Oaker Purposes 1 3/4 2 lb Blue Smalts 3 1/4 2 5 7/8 Carried Over £ 2 5 7/8	The account continued, brought over at £446 12s 2d. Flannel, 3 yards, £0 3s 7.5d Oars, 16 feet, £0 3s 10d Rice and paddy: 2 cwt 0 qtr 7 lb of fine rice, £0 6s 2.5d 17 cwt 2 qtr 18 lb of common rice, £6 12s 5.5d 2 cwt 2 qtr 0 lb of paddy, £0 15s 7.5d Total: £7 14s 3.5d Beef and pork: 45 pieces of beef, £7 6s 3d 147 pieces of pork, £15 6s 3d Total: £22 12s 6d Pease and grots: 3.5 bushels of pease, £1 6s 6.5d 1 bushel of grots, £0 7s 6.5d Total: £1 14s 1.5d Total to the military: £479 0s 6.5d The account then set out the general charges for the following stores expended from 1 January to 31 March 1745. Paint: 1 cwt 0 qtr 27 lb of white lead, for painting the new building and the church, £1 15s 10d 1 lb of indigo, for linen, £0 3s 4d 8 lb of red lead, for painting, £0 0s 5.5d 4 lb of red ochre, for painting the new building, £0 0s 10d 4 lb of whiting, for the church and other repairs, £0 0s 2.5d 5 lb of yellow ochre, £0 1s 0.5d 2 lb of blue smalts, £0 3s 4d Total: £2 5s 0.5d Carried over: £2 5s 0.5d Interpretations The account closed the garrison's quarterly issues to a stated total charged to the military, then opened a fresh reckoning of stores spent under the head of general charges, marking the shift from goods sold on to the men to materials consumed on the Company's own works. The bulk provisions of the military account, the rice and paddy, the salted beef and pork, and the pease and grots, showed the staple diet the soldiers drew from the warehouse, grots being the hulled or coarsely broken grain boiled into a pottage and paddy the rice still in its husk. The general charges opened with paint issued for the upkeep of the Company's buildings, the white lead, ochres and whiting spent on the new building and the church, with a small quantity of indigo set apart for colouring linen. These were the materials of maintenance rather than trade, drawn from the stores for the settlement's own fabric, the naming of the new building and the church against particular items showing the account fixing each parcel of paint to the work it served. White lead was the base of the paint and the primer against rust and damp, red and yellow ochre and whiting the cheaper earth colours, and blue smalts the powdered cobalt glass used as a blue pigment. The keeping of the account by class of goods, each item entered with its weight and price and matched where possible to its purpose, gave the Company a means to distinguish what its stores yielded in sales to the inhabitants and the garrison from what they were consumed upon in the upkeep of the island's own buildings. Charging the paint expended on the church and the new building to general charges rather than to any buyer marked it as an expense of the establishment itself, the account separating the Company's trade from its own works so that each could be reckoned apart.
503		500	Brot Over £ 2 5 7/8 Oyle vizt 17 1/2 Gallr Linseed for painting the new Building & c 1½ 3 17 3 1/4 2 1/2 do Train for the House the Officers Barracks 8 4 4 5 7 1/2 Cordage 1. — 27 for a Vane for the Portico Turlings Poles 2 2 5 Turnersware vizt 2 Wood Bowles 1 2 4 Mops 4 6 2 Hair Brooms for house use 2 9 1 Scrubbing Brush 1 4 9 9 Deales vizt 48 Deales 2 6 15 pieces Deal Timber 4 9 3/4 12 Spars for building 6 5 7 deal Plank & Other repairs 19 2 7 half Inch Wainscoat Boards in the Castle 16 4 41 9 2 3/4 Iron Potts 1, for the New Kitchen 3 11 Starch 6 lb for Linnen 2 6 Twine 7 lb for use for making shoe & flags 9 Silk Alligars 2 pieces for Furniture 1 3 6 Coals 6 Chaldron 6 Bushels for Blacksmith for the use of the Smiths 8 10 6 Nailes vizt 54 lb 20 Nailes 15 9 65 lb flooring brads for the new Building 1 3 3/4 7/8 lb glazing brads the portico Windows 6 3/4 10 lb Spikes in the Castle 2 8 1/4 6 lb Scupper Nails 2 2 2 4 9 Pitch 5 lb for the Landing place 4 4 3/4 Sheet Lead 8.2.22 for Covering & c 8 3 2 Carried Over £ 71 7 7 1/2	The account continued, brought over at £2 5s 0.5d. Oil: 17.5 gallons of linseed, for painting the new building, £3 7s 3.5d 2.5 gallons of train, for the horse hire and for the chandlers, £0 8s 4d Total: £4 3s 7.5d Cordage, 1 cwt 0 qtr 27 lb, for a hawser for the landing place, £2 2s 5d Turners ware: 2 wooden bowls, £0 1s 2d 4 mops, £0 4s 6d 2 hair brooms, £0 2s 9d 1 scrubbing brush, for the house use, £0 1s 4d Total: £0 9s 9d Deals: 41 deals, £5 2s 6d 15 pieces of teak timber, for ground battens and other repairs, £25 4s 9.5d 12 spars, £1 6s 5d 7 pieces of plank, on the table, £8 19s 2d 7 half-inch wainscot boards, for a frame for the plans, £0 16s 4d Total: £41 9s 2.5d Iron pots, 1, for the use of the kitchen, £0 3s 11d Starch, 6 lb, for linen, £0 2s 6d Twine, 1 lb, grease for making twice-laid rope, £0 0s 9d Silk allejars, 2 pieces, for furniture, £1 3s 6d Coals, 1 chaldron 6 bushels, for the smith, £8 10s 6d Nails: 54 lb of 20 nails, £0 15s 9d 65 lb of flooring brads, for the new building, £1 3s 0.5d 7 lb of glazing brads, for the poor house and the church, £0 0s 6.5d 10 lb of spikes, in the castle, £0 2s 8.5d 6 lb of scupper nails, £0 2s 9d Total: £2 4s 9d Pitch, 56 lb, for the landing place, £0 4s 4.25d Sheet lead, 8 cwt 2 qtr 22 lb, for covering the furnace, £8 3s 3d Carried over: £71 7s 7.5d Interpretations The account carried on the stores spent under general charges, now ranging through the timber, cordage, ironwork and other materials consumed on the Company's own buildings and works, each item fixed where possible to the particular purpose it served. The teak timber for ground battens and repairs and the plank worked on the table made up the largest charges, marking a quarter of active building and fitting, with the linseed oil, the flooring brads and the paint of the previous page all directed to the new building rising on the island. Several of the named goods were commodities less familiar to a modern reader. Ground battens were the strips of wood laid on a floor or wall to carry boards or panelling; spars were rough poles for scaffolding and light framing; wainscot boards the good oak used for joinery, here made into a frame for plans; and silk allejars were striped silk or mixed cloths of the eastern trade, drawn here for furniture rather than for wear. The hawser for the landing place and the pitch spent there pointed to the upkeep of the crane and wharf by which all goods came ashore on an island without a sheltered harbour. The chaldron and more of coals issued for the smith showed the forge at work through the quarter, the imported sea coal serving the smith's fire rather than any domestic heating on an island of temperate climate. The keeping of the account by class of goods, each parcel entered with its quantity and price and matched to its work, gave the Company a means to distinguish the several charges of maintaining its buildings, its landing place, its kitchen and its forge, so that the whole cost of the establishment's own upkeep could be reckoned apart from its trade and carried forward to its total.
504		501	Brot Over £ 71 7 7 1/2 Ironmongers Ware vizt 1 Whip Saw file for the Sawyers 5 6 2 Padlocks for the Poultry House in Governors 5 2 1 Escutchion Lock for a Cupboard in the Castle 3 6 3/4 1 Large Brass Lock for a Door in the Castle 9 " 1 1/2 Oz Brass Wire to fix Lamps for the Castle 8 1/2 1 3 11 Bunting vizt 2 Yards White for Streamers 1 " 3 do Broad Red for Dancing flaggs 2 2 1/4 3 2 1/4 Thread 1/4 lb Brown for Sowing flaggs & mending shrows 6 5 3/4 Sacking 3 lb 4 1/2 do for Sewing Baggs & sepal 2 11 6 1/4 Haberdashery ware 1 pce White Tape for finishing 7 3/4 Chinaware 6 Snuckers for the house use 1 4 1/2 Arrack 5 Gallr delivered for bringing three 10 7 1/4 Sugar 12 lb unserviceable Guns from the 2 3 Bread 6 lb Alarm house 10 1/2 Limes vizt 1 Lime No 2 for the Bakers 4 2 Numbers Limes for fixing the Leads in the Sash Windows 1 8 2 " £ 76 10 4 1/2 Diet Expences Dr for the following Stores Spent for the use of the General Table from the 1st Jany to the 31st March 1745 vizt Sugar & Candy vizt 1.1. — Candy 2 4 2 1.2.2 Sugar 1 11 11 1/2 3 16 1 1/2 Carried Over £ 3 16 1 1/2	The account continued, brought over at £71 7s 7.5d. Ironmongers ware: 1 whip saw file, for the sawyers, £0 5s 6d 2 padlocks, for the poultry houses in the Great Wood, £0 5s 2d 1 escutcheon lock, for a cupboard in the castle, £0 3s 6.5d 1 large brass lock, for a door in the castle, £0 9s 0d 4.5 oz of brass wire, to fix lamps for the castle, £0 0s 8.5d Total: £1 3s 11d Bunting: 2 yards white, for streamers, £0 1s 0d 3 yards red and blue, for morning flags, £0 2s 2.5d Total: £0 3s 2.5d Thread, 1.75 lb brown, for the morning flags, streamers and jack, £0 6s 5.5d Sacking, 3.5 lb, and 4.5 yards, for lime bags for the fortifications, £0 2s 11s 6.5d Haberdashery, 1 piece white tape, for binding the foundation, £0 0s 7.5d Chinaware, 6 sneakers, for the house use, £0 1s 4.5d Arrack, 5 gallons, delivered for bringing three unserviceable guns from the alarm house, £0 13s 7.5d Sugar, 12 lb, likewise, £0 2s 3d Bread, 6 lb, likewise, £0 0s 10.5d Lines: 1 line number 4, for the breakers, £0 0s 4d 2 hambro lines, for fixing the lead in the sash windows, £0 1s 8d Total: £0 2s 0d Total: £76 10s 4.5d The account then set out the diet expenses for the following stores expended for the use of the general table from 1 January to 31 March 1745. Sugar and candy: 1 cwt 1 qtr 0 lb of candy, £2 4s 2d 1 cwt 2 qtr 2 lb of sugar, £1 11s 11.5d Total: £3 16s 1.5d Carried over: £3 16s 1.5d Interpretations The account closed the stores charged to general charges and opened a fresh reckoning under diet expenses, marking the shift from materials spent on the Company's buildings and works to the provisions consumed at the general table. The general charges ended with a scatter of small items each fixed to its purpose, locks and wire for the castle, bunting and thread for the flags and streamers flown from the fort, and sacking made into lime bags for the fortifications, the account tying every parcel to the particular service it met. The arrack, sugar and bread issued for bringing three unserviceable guns from the alarm house recorded a customary allowance of drink and provisions to the men set to a heavy task, the moving of condemned ordnance being labour for which the establishment furnished refreshment from its stores. This entry showed the way the Company met the cost of occasional works not by wages alone but by issues in kind, the guns drawn from the alarm house being pieces no longer fit for service and shifted for disposal or recasting. Several of the named goods were commodities less familiar to a modern reader. Bunting was the light open woollen cloth made into flags and signals; an escutcheon lock carried a shaped plate around the keyhole; hambro lines were a grade of small cordage from Hamburg; and sneakers were small drinking cups for punch or spirits. The opening of the diet account with sugar and candy, the refined and coarser sugars drawn for the table, began the separate reckoning of what the establishment consumed in its own maintenance, kept apart from its trade and its works so that each charge could be reckoned on its own.
505		502	Brot Over £ 3 16 1 1/2 Bread & Flour 8.3.14 Flour 7 4 4 1/2 Arrack 140 Gallr 14 17 6 Pepper 8 lb 4 " Salt 4 Bushells 1 3 4 Florence Oyle 12 Bottles 1 10 " Beef & Pork vizt 6 pce Beef 17 7 1/2 35 pce Pork 3 5 7 1/2 4 3 3 Rice & Paddy vizt 60 lb fine Rice 5 11 1/4 12 lb Coarse do 9 1/4 6 8 1/2 £ 33 5 10 1/2 Fortifecation Dr for the following Stores Spent from the 1st Jany to the 31st March 1745 vizt Limes 2 for the Stonelayers 9 Ironmongersware 2 Padlocks for the Officers Room & Storehouse at Deposits 5 2 Nailes 4 lb flooring Brads for New Shutter rows 1 5 Paint vizt 1/2 lb Blue Smalts for painting a 10 3 lb Red Lead 6 gun Carriages 5 3/4 1 3 3/4 Cordage 29 lb for Drawing Wood by Wheelbarrows 8 11 Deales 2 pc Oak Timber for Gun Carriages 3 9 7 3/4 £ 4 7 2	The account continued, brought over at £3 16s 1.5d. Bread and flour, 8 cwt 3 qtr 14 lb of flour, £7 4s 8.5d Arrack, 140 gallons, £14 7s 6d Pepper, 8 lb, £0 0s 4d Salt, 4 bushels, £1 3s 4d Florence oil, 12 bottles, £1 10s 0d Beef and pork: 6 pieces of beef, £0 17s 7.5d 35 pieces of pork, £3 5s 7.5d Total: £4 3s 3d Rice and paddy: 60 lb of fine rice, £0 5s 11.5d 12 lb of common rice, £0 0s 9.5d Total: £0 6s 8.5d Total: £33 5s 10.5d The account then set out the fortification charges for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1745. Lines, 2, for the stonelayers, £0 0s 9d Ironmongers ware, 2 padlocks, for the officers' room and lime house at the deserts, £0 5s 2d Nails, 4 lb flooring brads, for mending wheelbarrows, £0 1s 5d Paint: 0.5 lb of blue smalts, for painting the gun carriages, £0 0s 10d 3 lb of red lead, likewise, £0 0s 5.5d Total: £0 1s 3.5d Cordage, 29 lb, for drawing wood by the limekiln, £0 8s 11d Deals, 2 pieces of oak timber, for the gun carriages, £3 9s 7.5d Total: £4 7s 2d Interpretations The account closed the diet expenses of the general table to a stated total, then opened a fresh reckoning under fortification charges, marking the shift from the provisions consumed by the establishment to the materials spent on the island's defensive works. The diet account gathered the ordinary provisions of the table, the flour, arrack, salt, oil and salted meat, with the arrack again the single largest charge, reflecting the standing weight of strong drink in what the general table drew from the stores. The fortification charges were modest for the quarter, a scatter of small items each fixed to the works they served: lines for the stonelayers, padlocks for the officers' room and the lime house, and cordage for drawing wood by the limekiln, the burning of lime being the foundation of all masonry building on the island. The oak timber and the paint issued for the gun carriages marked the upkeep of the ordnance mountings, the blue smalts and red lead colouring and preserving the woodwork on which the guns were served, since a piece on a rotten or unprotected carriage could not be worked. Several of the named goods bear noting. The lime house and the works at the deserts pointed to the outlying fortifications and the ground where lime was prepared, and flooring brads drawn to mend wheelbarrows showed the barrows worn in carrying stone and earth being patched from the stores rather than replaced. The keeping of the account by class of goods, each parcel entered with its quantity and price and matched to its work, gave the Company a means to reckon the charge of its fortifications apart from its table and its trade, so that the cost of maintaining the island's defences could be measured on its own and carried to its total.
506		503	Blacks Dr for the following Stores Issued for their Use from the Jany to the 31 March 1745 vizt Longcloth vizt 1 peice Midling 1 2 " 10 peice Ordinary for Cloathing 9 4 1 11 4 Desootees 2 peices short for Cloathing 16 6 Sugar 36 lb 6 9 3/4 Tea 7 lb 8 9 Arrack 53 1/2 Gallr for damaged Nailed Labour, great part of these Arrack used to them in the Last Quarter & 5 12 7 1/2 Thread 1/4 lb Brown for Making their Cloaths 10 1/4 Deales 3 for a Coffin for a Slave Woman 7 6 Sacking 1 pce for Trowzers for some of the Men 16 2 Beef & Pork vizt 190 pieces Beef 27 18 1 1/2 142 pce Pork 13 6 3 41 4 4 1/2 Rice & Paddy 33.2.26 rice 13 1 9 1/4 £ 63 6 8 1/2 Plantation Dr for the following Stores Issued from the 1st Jany to the 31st March 1745 vizt Cordage 53 lb for horse ropes for Watering & Wetting of feathwood 16 2 Oyle 1/4 Train 10 Ironmongersware 3 Joyners Hatchets for the Hedgers 6 " Nailes vizt 2 lb 40 Nailes for a Well in the great Wood 7 7 lb 20 do 1 2 8 lb flooring deals for at Wood for making passages to the Dairy in 2 10 4 7 Rice & Paddy vizt 3. — 15 Rice 1 2 5 3/4 16. 1. — Paddy for Poultry 4 16 1 3/4 5 18 7 1/4 Pease 2 Bushells 1/2 to Sow 1 2 3/4 £ 8 8 3	The account set out the charges for the blacks, for the following stores issued for their use from 1 January to 31 March 1745. Long cloth: 1 piece middling, for clothing, £1 2s 0d 1 piece ordinary, for clothing, £0 9s 4d Total: £1 11s 4d Doosetees, 2 pieces short, for clothing, £0 16s 6d Sugar, 30 lb, £0 6s 9.5d Tea, 7 lb, £0 8s 9d Arrack, 53 gallons, delivered to attend labour, great part of this arrack delivered to them in the last quarter, £5 12s 7.5d Thread, 4 lb brown, for making their clothing, omitted to be charged, £0 0s 10.5d Deals, 3, for a coffin for a slave woman, £0 7s 6d Sacking, 1 piece, for trousers for some of the men, £0 16s 2d Beef and pork: 190 pieces of beef, £27 18s 1.5d 142 pieces of pork, £13 6s 3d Total: £41 4s 4.5d Rice and paddy, 33 cwt 2 qtr 26 lb of rice, £12 19s 9.5d Total: £63 6s 8.5d The account then set out the charges for the plantation, for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1745. Cordage, 53 lb, for house repairs and for the well of the plantation head, £0 16s 2d Oil, 4 lb train, £0 0s 10d Ironmongers ware, 3 joiners hatchets, for the hedgers, £0 6s 0d Nails: 2 lb of 40 nails, for the well in the Great Wood, £0 0s 7d 4 lb of 20 nails, £0 1s 2d 8 lb of flooring brads, for making necessaries to the dairy and for the Great Wood, £0 2s 10d Total: £0 4s 7d Rice and paddy: 3 cwt 0 qtr 15 lb of rice, for the poultry, £1 2s 5.5d 16 cwt 1 qtr 0 lb of paddy, for the poultry, £4 16s 1.5d Total: £5 18s 7.5d Pease, 2 bushels, to sow, £1 2s 0.5d Total: £8 8s 3d Interpretations The account gathered the stores issued for the Company's slaves under their own head, separating the charge of maintaining the labour force from the diet of the table and the upkeep of the works. The clothing made up a large part of the reckoning, the long cloth and the doosetees, the plain coarse Bengal cottons, cut and sewn into the garments issued to the slaves, with sacking made into trousers for some of the men and brown thread for the sewing. The great quantity of salted beef and pork and of rice showed the establishment feeding its slaves largely on stored provisions through a quarter when the yam crop, the ordinary staple, would have been between harvests. The three deals charged for a coffin for a slave woman recorded the Company bearing the cost of burying its own property, the timber drawn from the stores for the purpose and entered like any other issue. This small entry, set among the clothing and provisions, showed the way the slaves' lives and deaths alike fell to the Company's account, the material of a coffin reckoned against the establishment as plainly as the cloth of their clothing or the meat of their ration. The note that a parcel of arrack had in truth been delivered in the previous quarter, and that the thread had been omitted from an earlier charge, marked the storekeeper reconciling issues across the quarters so that nothing went unaccounted. The plantation charges gathered the materials spent on the Company's grounds and stock, the cordage for house repairs and the well, the hatchets for the hedgers who kept the fences, and the rice and paddy fed to the poultry, paddy being the rice still in its husk bought cheaper for stock feed. The pease charged to sow marked the raising of a fresh crop, the account reaching from the tools of cultivation to the seed itself. The keeping of both accounts by class of goods, each parcel matched to its purpose, gave the Company a means to reckon the cost of its slaves and its plantation apart, so that the charge of its labour and its ground could each be measured on its own and carried to its total.
507		504	Hospitall Dr for the following Stores Issued for the Use of the Infirmary from the 1st Jany to the 31st March 1745 vizt Rice 7.2.— 2 13 9 Sugar 1.2.23 1 16 1 Flour 2. — 6 1 13 6 1/2 Salt 1 Bushell 5 10 Oyle 4 Gallr Train 13 4 £ 7 2 6 3/4 Garrison Dr for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31st March 1745 vizt Oyle 31 Gallr Train for the Guard Lamps 5 4 2 1/2 Gallr Linseed for Cleaning Arms 2 2 1/2 2 Bottles Florence for Officers of the Watch Ships 5 " 5 11 4 1/2 Tea 55 Cattees for the Soldr Guards & Watches 3 8 10 Blanketts 3 Ordinary for the Soldiers that were left Sick from the Ashford who were in great Want of Covering 19 1 1/2 Arrack 35 1/2 Gallr for Drawes in Mustering 3 16 11 1/4 Deales 6 for Coffins 15 " Haberdashery 1 pce Broad do Tape for the Soldrs Watch 2 1 Nailes vizt 4 lb Scupper Nailes for Repairing the Drum Cases 1 10 2 lb flooring Brads for making Coffins 8 1/2 2 6 1/2 £ 14 15 10 3/4	The account set out the hospital charges for the following stores issued for the use of the infirmary from 1 January to 31 March 1745. Rice, 7 cwt 2 qtr 0 lb, £2 13s 9d Sugar, 1 cwt 2 qtr 23 lb, £1 16s 1d Flour, 2 cwt 0 qtr 6 lb, £1 13s 6.5d Salt, 1 bushel, £0 5s 10d Oil, 4 gallons of train, £0 13s 4d Total: £7 2s 6.5d The account then set out the garrison charges for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1745. Oil: 31 gallons of train, for the guard house lamps, £5 4s 2d 0.5 gallon of linseed, for cleaning arms, £0 2s 2.5d 2 bottles of Florence oil, for the use of the muskets, £0 5s 0d Total: £5 11s 4.5d Tea, 5.5 catties, for the scout guard and watchhouse, £0 3s 8d Blankets, 3 ordinary, for the soldiers that were left sick from the Oxford, who were in great want of covering, £0 19s 1.5d Arrack, 35.5 gallons, for drams on mustering, £3 16s 11.5d Deals, 6, for coffins, £0 15s 0d Haberdashery, 1 piece broad tape, for the use of the watchhouse, £0 2s 1d Nails: 4 lb of scupper nails, for repairing the breeches lockers, £0 1s 10d 2 lb of flooring brads, for making coffins, £0 0s 8.5d Total: £0 2s 6.5d Total: £14 15s 10.5d Interpretations The account gathered the stores issued to the infirmary under its own head, the rice, sugar, flour, salt and oil being the plain provisions from which the sick were dieted, kept apart from the ordinary garrison ration so that the cost of nursing the ill could be reckoned on its own. Feeding the sick on a lighter and separate diet of grain and sugar reflected the standing practice of the establishment, the infirmary drawing its provisions from the same stores as the table but charged distinctly, so that the Company could measure what its hospital cost against its other charges. The garrison charges gathered the materials of the soldiers' service, the train oil for the guard house lamps, the linseed and Florence oil for cleaning and preserving the muskets, and the arrack issued as drams on mustering, a customary allowance of drink to the men when drawn up for the muster. The blankets supplied to soldiers left sick from the Oxford, who were in great want of covering, recorded the establishment relieving men set ashore ill from a ship touching at the island, the Oxford having called on her way and left some of her people to be cared for from the Company's stores. Several entries pointed to the ordinary furniture of the garrison. The scout guard and watchhouse drew tea and broad tape, the breeches lockers where the men kept their clothing were repaired with scupper nails, and deals and flooring brads were issued for coffins, the making of coffins recurring across these accounts as a steady charge on an establishment where death was frequent. The keeping of both accounts by class of goods, each parcel matched to its purpose, gave the Company a means to reckon the charge of its infirmary and its garrison apart, so that the cost of nursing the sick and of maintaining the men in service could each be measured on its own and carried to its total.
508		505	Boats Dr for the following Stores Issued from the 1st Jany to the 31 March 1745, vizt Hooks & Lines vizt 16 doz Hooks Sorted 7 3 1/2 100 Blue Hooks for the Fishermen 3 1/4 18 Lines No 4 5 9 13 3 3/4 Lead 4 lb Sheet for the Fishermen 1 2 3/4 Twine vizt 1/2 lb Fine for the Fishermen 6 3/4 1 lb Course for Mending Long Boats Sails 9 1 3 3/4 Cordage 2. — 21 for the Long Boats Painter 3 14 9 Nailes vizt 15 lb 20 Nailes for repairing the Long Boat 4 4 1/2 5 lb 30 do 1 5 1/2 5 10 Deales vizt 4 feet 3 Inch Oak plank for Repairing do 4 " 1 Spar 2 2 3/4 6 2 3/4 Oars 2.18 feet for the Yawle 9 4 Oyle 1/2 Train for the Long Boat 10 Pitch & Tarr vizt 90 lb Pitch for repairing the Long Boat 7 9 54 lb Tarr 3 8 1/4 11 5 1/4 £ 6 4 2 3/4 Signed St Helena 31 March 1745 Errors excepted Mathew Twiling Storekeeper	The account set out the boats charges for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1745. Hooks and lines: 16 dozen sorted hooks, for the fishermen, £0 7s 3.5d 100 blue hooks, for the fishermen, £0 0s 3.5d 18 lines number 4, for the fishermen, £0 5s 9d Total: £0 13s 3.5d Lead, 7 lb sheet, for the fishermen, £0 1s 2.5d Twine: 7 lb fine, for the fishermen, £0 0s 6.5d 1 lb coarse, for mending the long boat sails, £0 0s 9d Total: £0 1s 3.5d Cordage, 2 cwt 0 qtr 21 lb, for the long boat service, £3 14s 9d Nails: 15 lb of 20 nails, for repairing the long boat, £0 4s 4.5d 5 lb of 30 nails, for repairing the long boat, £0 1s 5.5d Total: £0 5s 10d Deals: 4 feet of 3-inch oak plank, for repairing the long boat, £0 4s 0d 1 spar, for repairing the long boat, £0 2s 9.5d Total: £0 6s 9.5d Oars, 2, 18 feet, for the yawl, £0 9s 4d Oil, 4 lb train, for the long boat, £0 0s 10d Pitch and tar: 90 lb of pitch, for repairing the long boat, £0 7s 9d 54 lb of tar, for repairing the long boat, £0 3s 8.5d Total: £0 11s 5.5d Total: £6 4s 2.5d The account was signed at St Helena on 31 March 1745, errors excepted, by Matthew Purling, storekeeper. Interpretations The account gathered the stores issued for the Company's boats under their own head, separating the charge of maintaining the small craft from the other services of the establishment. The hooks, lines and twine supplied to the fishermen marked the importance of the fishery to the island, whose people drew much of their fresh provision from the sea, the Company furnishing the tackle from its stores and reckoning it against the boats that carried the men out. The cordage, nails, oak plank, pitch and tar spent on repairing the long boat showed a quarter of active upkeep on the vessel that served for heavy carriage, the moving of lime and stone about the coast depending on her being kept fit for the water. The long boat recurs across these accounts as the workhorse of an island without a sheltered harbour, where all goods came ashore by open boat to the rocks and a crane, and where the carriage of lime from Sandy Bay and of stone for the fortifications was done by water. Her repair with pitch and tar for waterproofing, oak plank for her hull and fresh cordage and sails marked the constant maintenance such a vessel required in hard service, the account fixing each parcel to the particular repair it served. The yawl, the smaller boat provided with oars, served the lighter work about the road. The signing of the whole collection at St Helena on 31 March 1745, errors excepted, by Matthew Purling as storekeeper, closed the quarter's reckoning of every issue from the Company's stores, the several accounts of sales to the planters and garrison and of charges general, diet, fortification, blacks, plantation, hospital, garrison and boats each carried to its total under the storekeeper's attested hand. This subscription was the mechanism by which the Company could satisfy itself that all that left its warehouse through the quarter had been accounted for, the storekeeper answering with his signature for the whole, and the reservation of errors excepted guarding against any slip in so long a reckoning.
509		506	The Paymar this day brought in his Account for the Months of January, February & March Last Which was Examined & Approved & is as follows vizt List of the Honble Companys Officers & Servants upon the Island of St Helena with their Sd Salarys, Diet Money &c for the Quarter Commencing Jany 1. 1745, and Ending March 31 1745, vizt David Dunbar Esqr Govr£ 125 . . " Do for Servants 31 14 9 156 14 9 Charles Hutchinson Lieut Govr 62 10 " Christopher Dixon 2d of Councill 20 . " John Goodwin 4th of Councill 15 . " as Accountant 7 18 1 1/2 22 18 1 1/2 Mathew Twiling 5th of Councill 15 " " Edwen Meock Chaplain Salary 25 . " Do Diet Money 15 " " 40 . " Robert Wright Factor Salary 7 10 " Do Diet Money 4 11 3 Do House Rent 2 10 " 14 11 3 Joshua Twynam Factor Salary 7 10 . " Do Diet Money 4 11 3 Do House Rent 2 10 " 14 11 3 Francis Wrangham Factor Salary 12 10 " Do Diet Money 4 11 3 Do House Rent 2 10 " 19 11 3 James Powell Writer Salary 5 " " Do Diet Money 4 11 8 Do House Rent 2 10 " 12 1 3 Joseph Darwall Writer Salary 5 " " Do Diet Money 4 11 3 Do House Rent 2 10 " 12 1 3 Carried Over £ 389 19 1 1/2	The paymaster this day brought in his account for the months of January, February and March last, which was examined and approved, and is set out below. The account was a list of the honourable company's officers and servants upon the island of St Helena, with their salaries and diet money, for the quarter commencing 1 January 1745 and ending 31 March 1745. David Dunbar, Governor: £125 0s 0d Same for servants: £31 14s 9d Total: £156 14s 9d Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor: £62 10s 0d Christopher Dixon, third of council: £20 0s 0d John Godwin, fourth of council: £15 0s 0d As accountant: £7 18s 1.5d Total: £22 18s 1.5d Matthew Purling, fifth of council: £15 0s 0d Edwin Alcock, chaplain, salary: £25 0s 0d Same, diet money: £15 0s 0d Total: £40 0s 0d Robert Wright, factor, salary: £7 10s 0d Same, diet money: £4 11s 3d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £14 11s 3d Joshua Swynam, factor, salary: £7 10s 0d Same, diet money: £4 11s 3d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £14 11s 3d Francis Wrangham, factor, salary: £12 10s 0d Same, diet money: £4 11s 3d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £19 11s 3d James Powell, writer, salary: £5 0s 0d Same, diet money: £4 11s 3d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £12 1s 3d Joseph Darvall, writer, salary: £5 0s 0d Same, diet money: £4 11s 3d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £12 1s 3d Carried over: £389 19s 1.5d Interpretations The account set out the whole civil establishment of the island for the quarter, each officer and servant listed by name with his salary and, for the lower ranks, his diet money and house rent, so that the Company could see at one view the full charge of maintaining its government on St Helena. The graded scale, from the Governor's £125 down to a writer's £5, marked the standing of each place, the diet money and house rent being allowances added to the modest salaries of the factors and writers to cover their board and lodging, where the senior members drew no such separate sums. The listing of James Powell among the writers at the foot of the establishment, still drawing his salary, diet money and house rent for the quarter, showed that his pay ran to the end of the period despite the council's resolution earlier in the run to suspend him from service as the most useless of the writers. The suspension having been ordered only at the consultation of 2 April, after this quarter closed on 31 March, his name stood on the roll for the full three months, the reduction of his post falling into the next reckoning rather than this. The separate entry for John Godwin as accountant, added to his salary as fourth of council, marked the concentration of several offices in single hands on a small establishment, a councillor drawing an additional sum for the distinct work of keeping the Company's books. The keeping of the account by name, each man's several allowances totalled and the whole carried forward, gave the Company a means to check its wage charge person by person, the paymaster answering for the roll as the storekeeper answered for the stores, so that every sum paid out in salary could be accounted for against the establishment it maintained.
510		507	Brot Over £ 389 19 1 1/2 Thos French Writer Salary 5 " " Do Diet Money 4 11 3 Do House Rent 2 10 " 12 1 3 Margt Goodwin to 23 January when she died 3 15 7 1/2 James Falconer Surgeon Salary 9 15 " Do House Rent 2 10 " 12 5 " Willoughby Kirk Pickerwiz Salary &c 9 15 " Do House Rent 2 10 " 12 5 " James Dubois Surgeons Mate Salary 5 " " Do Diet Money 11 5 " Do House Rent 2 10 " 18 15 " John Twiler 7 10 " Richard Gurling Overseers 7 10 " Richard Timsley 6 5 " John Leech Marshall Salary 4 7 9 Do Custom Master 1 5 " 5 12 9 John Cross Armourer 10 10 3 1/4 John Barton Overseer at the Fortifications 6 5 " Wm Hayes Master of Arms 6 5 " Richard Beale Schoolmaster 3 8 3 Do Clerk 3 8 3 6 16 6 Nicholas Heather Steward 7 10 " William Dowse Gardiner 9 11 3 Robert Maycock Cooper 8 15 " Edward Kowslow Wheelwright 12 10 " William Newis Limeblaster 7 10 " Henry Moyce Carpenter 12 10 " 564 1 9 3/4 First Company John Clarke 1st Lieut Salary 10 " " Do Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 On acct of Instructing Firemen 7 10 " 24 6 10 1/2 Carried over £ 24 6 10 1/2 Carried Over £ 564 1 9 3/4	The account continued, brought over at £389 19s 1.5d. Thomas French, writer, salary: £5 0s 0d Same, diet money: £4 11s 3d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £12 1s 3d Margaret Goodwin, to 23 January, part of a quarter she died: £3 15s 7.5d Samuel Falconer, surgeon, salary: £9 15s 0d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £12 5s 0d Willoughby Kirk, doctor, salary: £9 15s 0d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £12 5s 0d James Dubois, surgeon's mate, salary: £5 0s 0d Same, diet money: £11 5s 0d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £18 15s 0d John Fowler, overseer: £7 10s 0d Richard Girling, overseer: £7 10s 0d Richard Tinsley, overseer: £6 5s 0d John Leech, marshal, salary: £4 7s 9d Same, custom master: £1 5s 0d Total: £5 12s 9d John Cross, armourer: £10 10s 3.5d John Barton, overseer at the fortifications: £6 5s 0d William Hayes, master of arms: £6 5s 0d Richard Beale, schoolmaster: £3 8s 3d Same, clerk: £3 8s 3d Total: £6 16s 6d Nicholas Cleather, steward: £7 10s 0d William Dowse, gardener: £9 11s 3d Robert Maycock, cooper: £8 15s 0d Edward Renolds, wheelwright: £12 10s 0d William Newis, lime blaster: £7 10s 0d Henry Moyce, carpenter: £12 10s 0d Total: £564 1s 9.5d The account then set out the first company. John Clarke, first lieutenant, salary: £10 0s 0d Same, diet money: £6 16s 10.5d On account of instructing the gunners: £7 10s 0d Total: £24 6s 10.5d Carried over: £564 1s 9.5d Interpretations The account carried on the civil establishment through the medical, plantation, garrison and craft officers of the settlement, each named with his salary and, where allowed, his diet money and house rent, so that the whole charge of the island's servants could be reckoned man by man. The run of overseers, the armourer, the master of arms, the steward, the gardener, the cooper, the wheelwright, the lime blaster and the carpenter marked the range of trades a self-supporting station kept on its books, the Company maintaining within its own establishment the skilled men on whom its buildings, stores, boats and stock depended. The entry for Margaret Goodwin, paid only to 23 January for the part of the quarter before she died, recorded the widow of the late Governor John Goodwin still drawing a place on the establishment, her pay closing at her death partway through the period. That such a payment ran to the day of death and no further showed the account struck to the exact term each person served or lived, the paymaster reckoning a broken quarter precisely rather than by the whole. The listing of Richard Beale as both schoolmaster and clerk, each office carrying its own sum, again marked the concentration of several places in single hands on a small establishment, one man teaching the island's children and keeping the records for two distinct allowances. The lieutenant John Clarke's separate charge for instructing the gunners opened the account of the military companies, the sum entered for that particular duty; this was the very allowance Governor Dunbar had questioned in his inquiry of the previous autumn, having found that Clarke never once attempted to instruct any gunner, so the entry stood on the roll subject to the security the council had required pending the Company's pleasure. The keeping of the account by name, each man's allowances totalled, gave the Company a means to check its wage charge person by person, the whole carried forward to its running total.
511		508	Brot Over £ 24 6 10 1/2 Brot Over £ 564 1 9 3/4 Daniel Owen Second Lieut (made first Lieut to the 4th the 18th Janry) Sal to 17 Janry Incd 1 7 11 1/4 Do Diet Money to do 1 5 6 Do House Rent to do 9 3 3/4 3 2 9 John Dunbar Second Lieut Salary from 18th Janry to 31 March both Inclu 6 " " Do Diet Money from do to do 5 9 6 Do House Rent from do to do 2 " " 13 9 6 Wm Hayes Adjutant Salary 10 " " Do Diet Money 7 1 3 17 1 3 58 . 4 1/2 Sergeants Henry Beale 6 14 6 Onesiphorus Beale 6 14 6 Bartholomew Molloy 6 14 6 20 3 6 Corporals John Collins 4 7 9 Solomon Jacobs 4 7 9 Daniel Langton 4 7 9 13 3 3 Thos Watts Drummer 4 7 9 Centinels William Anzor 3 8 3 George Bennett 3 8 3 John Bray 3 8 3 Ambrose Bland 3 8 3 John Brown 3 8 3 Daniel Councill 3 8 3 William Campbell 3 8 3 Matthew Campbell 3 8 3 Thomas Cope 3 8 3 Robert Curry 3 8 3 Samuel Cox 3 8 3 John Clay 3 8 3 Carried Over £ 40 19 " Carried Over £ 659 16 8 1/4	The account continued, brought over at £564 1s 9.5d, and the company subtotal brought over at £24 6s 10.5d. Daniel Owen, second lieutenant, made first lieutenant to 4 January the 18th, pay to 19 January inclusive: £1 7s 11.5d Same, diet money to the same: £1 5s 6d Same, house rent to the same: £0 9s 3.5d Total: £3 2s 9d John Dunbar, second lieutenant, salary from 18 January to 31 March both included: £6 0s 0d Same, diet money from the same to the same: £5 9s 6d Same, house rent from the same to the same: £2 0s 0d Total: £13 9s 6d William Hayes, adjutant, salary: £10 0s 0d Same, diet money: £7 1s 3d Total: £17 1s 3d Company total: £58 0s 4.5d Sergeants: Henry Beale: £6 14s 6d Onesiphorus Beale: £6 14s 6d Bartholomew Molloy: £6 14s 6d Total: £20 3s 6d Corporals: John Collins: £4 7s 9d Solomon Jacobs: £4 7s 9d Daniel Langton: £4 7s 9d Total: £13 3s 3d Thomas Watts, drummer: £4 7s 9d Sentinels: William Anzer: £3 8s 3d George Bennett: £3 8s 3d John Bray: £3 8s 3d Ambrose Bland: £3 8s 3d John Brown: £3 8s 3d Daniel Council: £3 8s 3d William Campbell: £3 8s 3d Matthew Campbell: £3 8s 3d Thomas Cope: £3 8s 3d Robert Curry: £3 8s 3d Samuel Cox: £3 8s 3d John Clay: £3 8s 3d Carried over: £40 19s 0d Carried over: £659 16s 8.5d Interpretations The account carried on the military establishment through the officers and men of the first company, each rank set out at its own fixed rate, the two lieutenants with their diet money and house rent, the adjutant, and then the sergeants, corporals, drummer and sentinels descending in a graded scale from a sergeant's £6 14s 6d to a sentinel's uniform £3 8s 3d. This ordering marked the settled pay structure of the garrison, every private soldier drawing the same sum so that the strength of the company could be read directly from the length of the roll. The broken payments to the two lieutenants recorded a change in the company's officers partway through the quarter. Daniel Owen, who had been made first lieutenant, was paid only to 19 January, while John Dunbar's salary as second lieutenant ran from 18 January to the quarter's end, the account striking each man's pay to the exact day his service in that place began or ceased. This precise reckoning of a broken quarter, seen also in the payments to Margaret Goodwin and to others whose terms fell short of the full period, showed the paymaster charging the Company only for the time actually served in each office. The listing of every sentinel by name at a common rate gave the Company a muster as well as a pay account, the roll of private soldiers serving to record who stood in the garrison as much as what each was owed. The keeping of the account man by man, each rank totalled and the whole carried forward, gave the Company a means to check both the strength and the cost of its military establishment at one view, the paymaster answering with his account for every sum paid out to the men who held and defended the island, the running total measuring the full charge of the garrison alongside the civil establishment that preceded it.
512		509	Brot Over £ 40 19 " Brot Over £ 659 16 8 1/4 Edward Dunford 3 8 3 William Davis 3 8 3 William Dozer 3 8 3 Thos Fox 3 8 3 Edward Gill 3 8 3 Giles Hayes 3 8 3 Robert Hayes 3 8 3 Patrick Hamilton 3 8 3 Daniel Fanchard 3 8 3 Thomas Hales 3 8 3 John Jones 3 8 3 John Jane 3 8 3 Woolston Jones 3 8 3 William Kinslow 3 8 3 Stephen Lufkin 3 8 3 Thomas Legg 3 8 3 William Lambert 3 8 3 Joseph Long 3 8 3 Alexander Lowdon 3 8 3 James Morisseau 3 8 3 Thomas Manning 3 8 3 Robert Mason to 15 Febry Incd & Dyed 1 14 4 3/4 John Marsh 3 8 3 William Mason 3 8 3 William Norris 3 8 3 William Price 3 8 3 James Richardson 3 8 3 James Konard 3 8 3 John Sinclair 3 8 3 John Spencer 3 8 3 James Vaughan 3 8 3 Peter Wells 3 8 3 Thos Watson 3 8 3 Thomas Wagg 3 8 3 158 13 10 1/2 William Young Carried Over £ 818 10 7	The account continued, brought over at £659 16s 8.5d, and the company subtotal brought over at £40 19s 0d. Edward Dinsfield: £3 8s 3d William Davis: £3 8s 3d William Anzor: £3 8s 3d Thomas Fox: £3 8s 3d Edward Gill: £3 8s 3d Giles Hayes: £3 8s 3d Robert Hayes: £3 8s 3d Patrick Hamilton: £3 8s 3d Daniel Vanchard: £3 8s 3d Thomas Hales: £3 8s 3d John Jones: £3 8s 3d John Jane: £3 8s 3d Woolston Jones: £3 8s 3d William Kinslow: £3 8s 3d Stephen Lufkin: £3 8s 3d Thomas Legg: £3 8s 3d William Lambon: £3 8s 3d Joseph Long: £3 8s 3d Alexander Lewdon: £3 8s 3d James Norrisseau: £3 8s 3d Thomas Manning: £3 8s 3d Robert Mason, to 15 January, the day he died: £1 14s 4.5d John Marsh: £3 8s 3d William Mason: £3 8s 3d William Newis: £3 8s 3d William Price: £3 8s 3d James Richardson: £3 8s 3d James Kenard: £3 8s 3d John Scotcher: £3 8s 3d John Spencer: £3 8s 3d James Vaughan: £3 8s 3d Peter Wells: £3 8s 3d Thomas Watson: £3 8s 3d Thomas Wagg: £3 8s 3d William Young: £3 8s 3d Total: £158 13s 10.5d Carried over: £818 10s 7d Interpretations The account carried on the muster of the first company's sentinels, each private soldier named at the uniform rate of £3 8s 3d for the quarter, so that the roll served at once as a pay account and as a record of who stood in the garrison. The great length of the list of common soldiers, all drawing the same sum, gave the Company a direct measure of the company's strength, the number of names being the number of men, and the whole totalled and carried forward alongside the running total of the establishment. The entry for Robert Mason, paid only to 15 January, the day he died, recorded a soldier's pay closing at his death partway through the quarter, the account striking his sum to the exact day. This precise reckoning of a broken period, matching the payments to the two lieutenants and to Margaret Goodwin earlier in the account, showed the paymaster charging the Company only for the time each man actually served, death and change of place alike cutting a payment short to the day. The plain roll of names at a single rate reflected the settled character of the garrison's pay, where rank rather than length of service or individual merit fixed each man's sum, every sentinel standing equal on the account. The keeping of the muster man by man, the whole totalled and carried forward, gave the Company both the strength and the cost of its garrison in one view, the paymaster answering with his account for every soldier on the island, the running total measuring the full charge of the men who held and defended the settlement.
513		510	Brot Over £ 818 10 7 Second Company James Peel first Lieut Salary 10 " " Do Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 Do House Rent 2 10 " 19 6 10 1/2 Joseph Kendall Second Lieut Salary 7 10 " Do Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 Do House Rent 2 10 " 16 16 10 1/2 36 3 9 Sergeants Edward Bayley 6 14 6 John French 6 14 6 Robert Mason 6 14 6 20 3 6 Corporals Gabriel Isaac 4 7 9 Daniel Bush 4 7 9 Henry Wise 4 7 2 13 3 3 Thomas London Drummer 4 7 9 Centinels Edward Attis 3 8 3 James Attis 3 8 3 Joseph Andrews 3 8 3 Samuel Ashwick 3 8 3 George Ayres 3 8 3 Peter Barker 3 8 3 Andrew Barton 3 8 3 Peter Bayley 3 8 3 John Burk 3 8 3 Anthony Cascot 3 8 3 John Chapman 3 8 3 Nicholas Cope 3 8 3 Thomas Ame 3 8 3 William Dowton 3 8 3 John Downes 3 8 3 Peter Finch 3 8 3 John Fisher 3 8 3 Carried Over £ 58 3 3 Carried Over £ 892 8 10	The account continued, brought over at £818 10s 7d. It then set out the second company. James Scott, first lieutenant, salary: £10 0s 0d Same, diet money: £6 16s 10.5d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £19 6s 10.5d Joseph Kendall, second lieutenant, salary: £7 10s 0d Same, diet money: £6 16s 10.5d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £16 16s 10.5d Company total: £36 3s 9d Sergeants: Edward Bagley: £6 14s 6d John French: £6 14s 6d Robert Mason: £6 14s 6d Total: £20 3s 6d Corporals: Gabriel Isaac: £4 7s 9d Daniel Bush: £4 7s 9d Henry Wise: £4 7s 9d Total: £13 3s 3d Thomas London, drummer: £4 7s 9d Sentinels: Edward Allis: £3 8s 3d James Allis: £3 8s 3d Joseph Andrews: £3 8s 3d Samuel Astwick: £3 8s 3d George Ayres: £3 8s 3d Peter Barker: £3 8s 3d Andrew Barton: £3 8s 3d Peter Bagley: £3 8s 3d John Burk: £3 8s 3d Anthony Castech: £3 8s 3d John Chapman: £3 8s 3d Nicholas Cope: £3 8s 3d Thomas Anne: £3 8s 3d William Doveton: £3 8s 3d John Downes: £3 8s 3d Peter Small: £3 8s 3d John Fisher: £3 8s 3d Carried over: £58 0s 3d Carried over: £892 8s 10d Interpretations The account opened the second of the garrison's two companies, set out on the same graded scale as the first, its two lieutenants with their diet money and house rent, then the sergeants, corporals, drummer and sentinels descending to the private soldiers' uniform rate. The keeping of the garrison in two companies reflected the reorganisation of the men into two bodies mustering week and week about, so that each company's officers and strength could be reckoned distinctly, the pay account doubling as a muster of who served in each. The listing of every sentinel by name at the common rate of £3 8s 3d gave the Company a roll of the second company's private soldiers, the number of names measuring its strength as the length of the first company's list had measured that of the other. This plain muster at a single rate, where rank alone fixed each man's sum, showed the settled character of garrison pay, every private soldier standing equal on the account whatever his service, so that the cost of each company followed directly from the number of men it held. The concentration of the same surnames across both companies, the Beales, French, Mason, Bagley and others appearing as officers or men in each, marked the small and intermarried population from which the island's garrison was drawn, the same families furnishing soldiers to both bodies. The keeping of the account company by company and man by man, each rank totalled and the whole carried forward, gave the Company a means to check both the strength and the cost of its whole military establishment, the paymaster answering with his account for every officer and soldier on the island, the running total gathering the two companies into the full charge of the garrison.
514		511	Brot Over £ 58 3 3 Brot Over £ 892 8 10 John Fletcher 3 8 3 Levi Frize 3 8 3 Christopher Garland 3 8 3 Griffith Griffin 3 8 3 John Holloway 3 8 3 John Hayes 3 8 3 James Inglish 3 8 3 Richard Kent 3 8 3 Samuel Kitson 3 8 3 William Leaver 3 8 3 James Long 3 8 3 Joseph Lovett 3 8 3 John Nichols 3 8 3 William Page 3 8 3 Thomas Payne 3 8 3 John Pope 3 8 3 Stephen Powers 3 8 3 Thomas Boyland 3 8 3 William Peet 3 8 3 John Smith 3 8 3 Richard Smith 3 8 3 Thomas Steeton 3 8 3 Thomas Taylor 3 8 3 Richard Swaites 3 8 3 William Swaites 3 8 3 Edward Walker 3 8 3 Stephen Willoughby 3 8 3 Thomas Wright 3 8 3 153 11 3 Carried Over £ 1046 . 1	The account continued, brought over at £892 8s 10d, and the company subtotal brought over at £58 0s 3d. John Fletcher: £3 8s 3d Levi Trouze: £3 8s 3d Christopher Garland: £3 8s 3d Griffeth Griffis: £3 8s 3d John Holloway: £3 8s 3d John Hayes: £3 8s 3d James Inglish: £3 8s 3d Richard Kent: £3 8s 3d Samuel Gibson: £3 8s 3d William Leaver: £3 8s 3d James Long: £3 8s 3d Joseph Loveit: £3 8s 3d John Nichols: £3 8s 3d William Page: £3 8s 3d Thomas Payne: £3 8s 3d John Pope: £3 8s 3d Stephen Powers: £3 8s 3d Thomas Boyland: £3 8s 3d William Peet: £3 8s 3d John Smith: £3 8s 3d Richard Smith: £3 8s 3d Thomas Steeton: £3 8s 3d Thomas Taylor: £3 8s 3d Richard Swailes: £3 8s 3d William Swailes: £3 8s 3d Edward Walker: £3 8s 3d Stephen Willoughby: £3 8s 3d Thomas Wright: £3 8s 3d Total: £153 11s 3d Carried over: £1,046 0s 1d Interpretations The account carried on the muster of the second company's sentinels, each private soldier named at the uniform rate of £3 8s 3d for the quarter, closing the roll of the men who made up the garrison's second body. The whole totalled and carried forward brought the establishment's running sum past a thousand pounds, the pay account gathering the two companies of soldiers into the full charge of the island's military force alongside the civil servants reckoned earlier. The plain list of names at a single rate served the Company as a muster as much as a pay account, the number of private soldiers being read directly from the length of the roll, so that the board could see both what the company cost and how many men stood in it. Where rank alone fixed each man's sum, every sentinel standing equal, the account measured strength by number rather than by any distinction among the men, the settled character of garrison pay making the roll a clean count of the force. The recurrence of familiar island surnames among the soldiers, the Smiths, Swailes, Hayes, Taylor and others, again marked the small and intermarried population from which the garrison was raised, the same families that held land and offices on the island also furnishing its private soldiers. The keeping of the muster man by man, the whole totalled and carried forward, gave the Company both the strength and the cost of its second company in one view, the paymaster answering with his account for every soldier on the establishment, the running total measuring the full charge of the men who held and defended the settlement.
515		512	Brot Over £ 1046 . 1 Third Company Thomas Easthope first Lieut Salary 10 " " Do Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 Do House Rent 2 10 " 19 6 10 1/2 John Barton 2d Lieut Salary 7 10 " Do Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 Do House Rent 2 10 " 16 16 10 1/2 36 3 9 Sergeants John Merrick 6 14 6 Thos Corker 6 14 6 William Dorrell 6 14 6 20 3 6 Corporals Andrew Blenman 4 7 9 Kevin Ambrose 4 7 9 Matthias Brightwell 4 7 9 13 3 3 Benjamin Swaites Drummer 4 7 9 Centinels William Adams 3 8 3 William Allis 3 8 3 Henry Barber 3 8 3 Peter Bath 3 8 3 William Barrell 3 8 3 William Bechell 3 8 3 John Beale to 28th March Incd & then dyed 3 5 1 William Bosfield 3 8 3 William Kirwon 3 8 3 Benjamin Chapelin 3 8 3 William Dye 3 5 3 John Earle 3 8 3 Isaac Evans 3 8 3 John Evans 3 8 3 John Ford 3 8 3 Thomas Fuller 3 8 3 Cam Over £ 54 8 10 Cam Over £ 1119 18 4	The account continued, brought over at £1,046 0s 1d. It then set out the third company. Thomas Easthope, first lieutenant, salary: £10 0s 0d Same, diet money: £6 16s 10.5d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £19 6s 10.5d John Barton, second lieutenant, salary: £7 10s 0d Same, diet money: £6 16s 10.5d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £16 16s 10.5d Company total: £36 3s 9d Sergeants: John Meyrick: £6 14s 6d Thomas Corker: £6 14s 6d William Dorril: £6 14s 6d Total: £20 3s 6d Corporals: Andrew Blenman: £4 7s 9d Levin Ambrose: £4 7s 9d Matthias Wrightnoell: £4 7s 9d Total: £13 3s 3d Benjamin Swailes, drummer: £4 7s 9d Sentinels: William Adams: £3 8s 3d William Allis: £3 8s 3d Henry Barber: £3 8s 3d Peter Ball: £3 8s 3d William Barrell: £3 8s 3d William Beckett: £3 8s 3d John Beale, to 28 March, the day he died: £3 5s 1d William Bushfield: £3 8s 3d William Brown: £3 8s 3d Benjamin Chaplin: £3 8s 3d William Dye: £3 8s 3d John Earle: £3 8s 3d Isaac Evans: £3 8s 3d John Evans: £3 8s 3d John Ford: £3 8s 3d Thomas Fuller: £3 8s 3d Carried over: £54 8s 10d Carried over: £1,119 18s 4d Interpretations The account opened a third company of the garrison, set out on the same graded scale as the first two, marking that the island's military establishment now stood at three companies rather than the two into which it had earlier been organised. This addition reflected the reinforcement of the garrison, the war with France having brought a supply of recruits to the island the previous autumn, so that the men could be formed into a further body under its own officers, each company reckoned distinctly in the pay account. The entry for John Beale, paid only to 28 March, the day he died, recorded another soldier's pay closing at his death within days of the quarter's end, the account striking his sum to the exact day as it did for Robert Mason and the officers whose terms fell short of the full period. This precise reckoning of a broken quarter ran through the whole establishment, the paymaster charging the Company only for the time each man actually served, so that a death near the close of the period cut a payment short by a few days. The listing of every sentinel by name at the common rate of £3 8s 3d gave the Company a muster of the third company's private soldiers as well as a pay account, the number of names measuring its strength. The keeping of the account company by company and man by man, each rank totalled and the whole carried forward past a further thousand pounds, gave the Company a full view of both the strength and the cost of its enlarged garrison, the paymaster answering with his account for every officer and soldier on the island, the three companies gathered into the running total that measured the whole charge of the island's defence.
516		513	Brot Over £ 54 8 10 Brot Over £ 1119 18 4 Josepha Germain to the 18th March Incd & then dyed 2 17 7 William Hastings 3 8 3 Peter Higgins 3 8 3 Philip Hylliard 3 8 3 Thomas Hodges 3 8 3 Isaac Hudson 3 8 3 Joseph Hunt 3 8 3 William Jackson 3 8 3 Evan Jones 3 8 3 Thomas Kendrick 3 8 3 Richard Knight 3 8 3 Thomas Lawrence 3 8 3 Abraham Major 3 8 3 James Mazure 3 8 3 Charles Montague 3 8 3 Patrick Murphy 3 8 3 James Mills 3 8 3 James McCleane 3 8 3 William Nipper 3 8 3 Thomas Ottiver 3 8 3 Thomas Payne 3 8 3 Lawrence Peterson to 5 Febry Incd & being made March &c 1 6 11 John Spencer 3 8 3 John Simpson 3 8 3 Joseph Thomas 3 8 3 John Upton 3 8 3 John Vanstan 3 8 3 Benjamin Williams 3 8 3 John Wills 3 8 3 John Woodwise 3 8 3 157 12 7 Jeremiah Nyrritt Carr Over £ 1277 10 11	The account continued, brought over at £1,119 18s 4d, and the company subtotal brought over at £54 8s 10d. Jeptha Germain, to 18 March, the day he died: £2 17s 7d William Hastings: £3 8s 3d Peter Higgins: £3 8s 3d Philip Hylliard: £3 8s 3d Thomas Hodges: £3 8s 3d Isaac Hudson: £3 8s 3d Joseph Hunt: £3 8s 3d William Jackson: £3 8s 3d Evan Jones: £3 8s 3d Thomas Kendrick: £3 8s 3d Richard Knight: £3 8s 3d Thomas Lawrence: £3 8s 3d Abraham Major: £3 8s 3d James Mazare: £3 8s 3d Charles Montague: £3 8s 3d Patrick Murphy: £3 8s 3d James Mills: £3 8s 3d James McCleane: £3 8s 3d William Napper: £3 8s 3d Thomas Olliver: £3 8s 3d Thomas Payne: £3 8s 3d Lawrence Peterson, to 5 February, then made a matross: £1 6s 11d John Spencer: £3 8s 3d John Simpson: £3 8s 3d Joseph Thomas: £3 8s 3d John Upton: £3 8s 3d John Vanstan: £3 8s 3d Benjamin Williams: £3 8s 3d John Wills: £3 8s 3d John Woodowsser: £3 8s 3d Jeremiah Wyrrill: £3 8s 3d Total: £157 12s 7d Carried over: £1,277 10s 11d Interpretations The account carried on the muster of the third company's sentinels, each private soldier named at the uniform rate of £3 8s 3d for the quarter, closing the roll of the men who made up the garrison's third body. The whole totalled and carried forward brought the establishment's running sum toward thirteen hundred pounds, the three companies of soldiers now gathered with the civil servants into the full charge of maintaining the island's government and defence. Two broken payments recorded changes among the men within the quarter. Jeptha Germain was paid only to 18 March, the day he died, his sum struck to the exact day like the other deaths across the account, while Lawrence Peterson's pay as a sentinel ran only to 5 February, when he was made a matross, an artillery soldier ranking below a gunner who assisted in serving the great guns. Peterson's transfer showed a man moved from the ranks of the foot into the ordnance, his pay in the company closing on the day he took up the new duty, the account following each man precisely through every change of place. The plain roll of names at a single rate again served the Company as a muster as well as a pay account, the number of private soldiers read directly from the length of the list, so that the strength of the third company could be seen alongside its cost. The keeping of the account man by man, the whole totalled and carried forward, gave the Company both the strength and the charge of its whole enlarged garrison, the paymaster answering with his account for every officer and soldier on the island, the running total measuring the full cost of the men who held and defended the settlement.
517		514	Brot Over £ 1277 10 11 Fourth Company John Desfountain first Lieut Salary to 17 Janry Incd the day he resigned 1 17 3 Do Diet Money from do to do 1 5 6 Do House Rent from do to do 9 3/4 3 12 3/4 Daniel Owen (who Succeeded him as 1st Lieut Sal from 18 Janry to 31 March both Days Inclu 8 " " Do Diet Money from do to do 5 9 6 Do House Rent from do to do 2 7 " 15 9 6 Thomas Kirkpatrick 2d Lieut Salary 7 10 " Do Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 Do House Rent 2 10 " 16 16 10 1/2 35 18 5 3/4 Sergeants Joseph Layton 6 14 6 William Oakman 6 14 6 David Wilson 6 14 6 20 3 6 Corporals William Moore 4 7 9 Thos Draper 4 7 9 James Lee 4 7 9 13 3 3 William Ames Drummer 4 7 9 Centrels Thomas Alcock 3 8 3 John Barden 3 8 3 Robert Bishop 3 8 3 William Bull 3 8 3 Thomas Burror 3 8 3 John Burzeigner alis Blyzan Bullet 3 8 3 Henry Chriet 3 8 3 John Cheeseman 3 8 3 Edward Cullimore 3 8 3 Michael Cole 3 8 3 Peter Conkly 3 8 3 Walter Cox 3 8 3 Carr Over £ 40 19 " Carr Over £ 1351 3 10 1/4	The account continued, brought over at £1,277 10s 11d. It then set out the fourth company. John Desfountain, first lieutenant, salary to 4 January, and the day he resigned: £1 17s 3d Same, diet money from the same to the same: £1 5s 6d Same, house rent from the same to the same: £0 9s 3.5d Total: £3 12s 0.5d Daniel Owen, who succeeded him as first lieutenant, salary from 18 January to 31 March both days included: £8 0s 0d Same, diet money from the same to the same: £5 9s 6d Same, house rent from the same to the same: £2 7s 0d Total: £15 9s 6d Thomas Kirkpatrick, second lieutenant, salary: £7 10s 0d Same, diet money: £6 16s 10.5d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £16 16s 10.5d Company total: £35 18s 5.5d Sergeants: Joseph Layton: £6 14s 6d William Oakman: £6 14s 6d David Wilson: £6 14s 6d Total: £20 3s 6d Corporals: William Moores: £4 7s 9d Thomas Draper: £4 7s 9d James Lee: £4 7s 9d Total: £13 3s 3d William Ormes, drummer: £4 7s 9d Sentinels: Thomas Alcock: £3 8s 3d John Barden: £3 8s 3d Robert Bishop: £3 8s 3d William Bull: £3 8s 3d Thomas Overor: £3 8s 3d John Burgoigne, otherwise Ulysses Butler: £3 8s 3d Henry Carter: £3 8s 3d John Cheeseman: £3 8s 3d Edward Cullimore: £3 8s 3d Michael Cole: £3 8s 3d Peter Conkly: £3 8s 3d Walter Cox: £3 8s 3d Carried over: £40 19s 0d Carried over: £1,351 3s 10.5d Interpretations The account opened a fourth company of the garrison, set out on the same graded scale as the others, marking that the island's military establishment had grown to four companies under the reinforcement brought by the war with France. The war having sent a supply of recruits to the island the previous autumn, the men were now formed into four bodies each under its own officers, the pay account reckoning every company distinctly and gathering the whole into a running total that had risen far above the charge of the two companies of the earlier establishment. The broken payments to the company's officers recorded a change in its command within the quarter. John Desfountain, the first lieutenant, was paid only to 4 January, the day he resigned, while Daniel Owen, who had held a lieutenancy in another company at the quarter's opening, succeeded him from 18 January and drew the place to the end of the period. This movement of an officer from one company to another, each portion of his pay struck to the exact day, showed the account following the shifts of the establishment precisely, a resignation and a succession together dividing the company's first lieutenancy between two men across the quarter. The entry for the sentinel John Burgoigne, given also as Ulysses Butler, recorded a soldier serving under an assumed or alternative name, the account noting both so that the man could be identified whichever he went by. The keeping of the roll man by man at the uniform sentinel's rate gave the Company a muster of the fourth company's strength as well as its cost, and the whole totalled and carried forward continued the reckoning of the island's enlarged garrison, the paymaster answering with his account for every officer and soldier, the running total measuring the full charge of the four companies that now held and defended the settlement.
518		515	Brot Over £ 40 19 " Brot Over £ 1351 3 10 1/4 Philip Crichfole 3 8 3 John Ellis 3 8 3 Samuel Dales 3 8 3 George Deter 3 8 3 William Gann 3 8 3 Jonathan Godby 3 8 3 John Georger to 26 Janry Incd then discharged as an Invalid 17 3 3/4 James Hall 3 8 3 Jonathan Hallam 3 8 3 James Kendrick 3 8 3 William Bendry 3 8 3 William Kent 3 8 3 John Lewis 3 8 3 John Lorman 3 8 3 John Manniby 3 8 3 Abraham Morris 3 8 3 George Master 3 8 3 William Murphy 3 8 3 Moses Menants 3 8 3 Richard Mason 3 8 3 James Profloc 3 8 3 John Rosemarker to 9 Janry Incd when he was Discharged for Daniel Johnson 1 6 Daniel Johnson from 9 Janry to 31 March both Incld 3 6 9 Edwards Richards 3 8 3 Richard Rashalls 3 8 3 Thomas Robinson 3 8 3 David Robinson 3 8 3 Arnold Saparee 3 8 3 Daniel Sergeant 3 8 3 John Taylor 3 8 3 Peter Steenburgh 3 8 3 James Vaughan 3 8 3 James Whitehead 3 8 3 Benjamin Williams 3 8 3 William Wilman 3 8 3 157 18 11 3/4 John Walker Carr Over £ 1509 2 9 3/4	The account continued, brought over at £1,351 3s 10.5d, and the company subtotal brought over at £40 19s 0d. Philip Castpole: £3 8s 3d John Ellis: £3 8s 3d Samuel Eales: £3 8s 3d George Deton: £3 8s 3d William Gann: £3 8s 3d Jonathan Godby: £3 8s 3d John George, to 2 January, died then, George a sentinel: £0 19s 5.5d James Hall: £3 8s 3d Jonathan Hallam: £3 8s 3d James Kendrick: £3 8s 3d William Hendry: £3 8s 3d William Kent: £3 8s 3d John Lewis: £3 8s 3d John Loreman: £3 8s 3d John Manniby: £3 8s 3d Abraham Morris: £3 8s 3d George Master: £3 8s 3d William Murphy: £3 8s 3d Charles Menanto: £3 8s 3d Richard Mason: £3 8s 3d James Onslow: £3 8s 3d John Fedowmarker, to 2 January, died when he was labouring for Daniel Johnson: £0 1s 6d Daniel Johnson, from 2 January to 31 March both included: £3 6s 9d Edwards Richards: £3 8s 3d Richard Rashalles: £3 8s 3d Thomas Robinson: £3 8s 3d David Robinson: £3 8s 3d Arnold Passaree: £3 8s 3d Daniel Sergeant: £3 8s 3d John Taylor: £3 8s 3d Peter Meenburgh: £3 8s 3d James Vaughan: £3 8s 3d James Whitehead: £3 8s 3d Benjamin Williams: £3 8s 3d William Wilman: £3 8s 3d Total: £157 18s 11.5d John Walker: [carried to next page] Carried over: £1,509 2s 9d Interpretations The account carried on the muster of the fourth company's sentinels, each private soldier named at the uniform rate of £3 8s 3d for the quarter, the whole totalled and carried forward past fifteen hundred pounds as the reckoning of the island's enlarged garrison neared its close. The four companies of soldiers, gathered with the civil servants of the establishment, made up a wage charge far above that of the smaller garrison of earlier years, the war with France having swelled both the number of men and the cost of maintaining them. Two broken payments recorded deaths within the quarter and the replacement of one man by another. John George was paid only to 2 January, dying then, and on the same day John Fedowmarker died while labouring for Daniel Johnson, whose own pay ran from 2 January to the quarter's end. The pairing showed a man taking up a place at the very point another left it, Johnson entered from the day the labour fell to him, each portion of pay struck to the exact day so that no sum overlapped and none went unaccounted between the two. The plain roll of names at a single rate again served the Company as a muster as well as a pay account, the strength of the fourth company read directly from the length of the list. The keeping of the account man by man, the whole totalled and carried forward, gave the Company both the strength and the charge of its whole garrison, the paymaster answering with his account for every soldier on the island, the running total gathering the four companies into the full cost of the men who held and defended the settlement.
519		516	Brot Over £ 1509 2 9 3/4 Artillery Company John French 1st Gunner Salary£ 13 8 9 Do Diet Money 6.16.10 1/2 Do House rent 2. 10 92 15 7 1/2 Gunners Mates William Davis 4 17 6 Major Jackson 4 17 6 William Kennedy 4 17 6 Isaac Leech 4 17 6 Roger Newanson 4 17 6 Nathan Sample 4 17 6 Thomas Watts 4 17 6 Robert Wood to 5 Febry Incd & Day he died 1 18 5 3/4 40 13 3 3/4 Thomas Willingham 2d Gunners Mate Do Gunners Mate from 6 Febry to 3d in stead 31st March Inclu 2. 1 . 11 1/2 2 . 17 . 8 1/2 4 12 4 Quarter Gunners John Barnett 4 7 9 Walter Bolton 4 7 9 Ely Leech 4 7 9 John Rottager 4 7 9 James Pretchard 4 7 9 John Spencer 4 7 9 Thomas Sillitoe 4 7 9 John Chrutoffell Matross to Febry 8th Incd to £1. 12 . 3 3/4 Do 2d Gunners from Febry 8 to 31 March£ 2 . 11. 11 4 3 11 3/4 34 18 2 3/4 Matrosses Edward Arnold 4 1 3 John Rotingstall 4 1 3 John Kutton 4 1 3 Joseph Boswell 4 1 3 John Butler 4 1 3 John Bunn 4 1 3 Carr Over £ 24 7 6 Carr Over £ 1607 9 11 1/2	The account continued, brought over at £1,509 2s 9d. It then set out the artillery company. John French, master gunner, salary: £13 8s 9d Same, diet money: £6 16s 10.5d Same, house rent: £2 10s 0d Total: £22 15s 7.5d Gunner's mates: William Davis: £4 17s 6d Major Jackson: £4 17s 6d William Kennedy: £4 17s 6d Isaac Leech: £4 17s 6d Roger Nivanson: £4 17s 6d Nathan Sample: £4 17s 6d Thomas Watts: £4 17s 6d Robert Wood, to 5 February, and the day he died: £1 18s 5.5d Thomas Dillingham, quarter gunner to 5 February, then gunner's mate from 5 February to 31 March: £4 12s 4d Total: £40 13s 3.5d Quarter gunners: John Barnett: £4 7s 9d Walter Bolleo: £4 7s 9d Ely Leech: £4 7s 9d John Stollage: £4 7s 9d James Pretchard: £4 7s 9d John Spencer: £4 7s 9d Thomas Sillitoe: £4 7s 9d John Christoffell, matross to 5 February, then quarter gunner from 5 February to 31 March: £4 3s 11.5d Total: £34 18s 2.5d Matrosses: Edward Arnold: £4 1s 3d John Artingstall: £4 1s 3d John Button: £4 1s 3d Joseph Boswell: £4 1s 3d John Butler: £4 1s 3d John Bunn: £4 1s 3d Carried over: £24 7s 6d Carried over: £1,607 9s 11.5d Interpretations The account opened the artillery company, the body of trained gunners set apart from the four companies of foot, its ranks descending from the master gunner through the gunner's mates and quarter gunners to the matrosses, the artillery soldiers who assisted in serving the great guns. This distinct company held the men skilled in the working of the ordnance on which the island's defence rested, the master gunner John French, who had held the gunner's office since 1727, drawing the highest pay of the company at a rate above that of the foot companies' officers, reflecting the specialist standing of the trained artillery. Two promotions within the quarter showed men rising through the artillery ranks as places fell open. Thomas Dillingham served as a quarter gunner to 5 February and then as a gunner's mate to the quarter's end, while on the same day John Christoffell rose from matross to quarter gunner, each man's pay struck to the exact day of his advancement so that the two rates were reckoned apart. The common date of 5 February, on which Robert Wood the gunner's mate also died, marked a reshuffling of the company on that day, the vacancy at the death of one man drawing the others up a step and the account following each move precisely. The graded pay of the artillery, a gunner's mate drawing more than a quarter gunner and a quarter gunner more than a matross, marked the degrees of skill and responsibility in serving the guns, where the foot companies paid every private soldier alike. The keeping of the account rank by rank and man by man, each grade totalled and the whole carried forward, gave the Company both the strength and the cost of its trained artillery, the paymaster answering with his account for every gunner on the island, the running total gathering the artillery company with the four companies of foot into the full charge of the island's defence.
520		517	Brot Over £ 24 7 6 Brot Over £ 1607 9 11 1/2 John Branagan 4 1 3 William Bateman 4 1 3 Edward Burford 4 1 3 John Brown 4 1 3 Samuel Clarke 4 1 3 Thomas Dent 4 1 3 Anthony Day 4 1 3 Adam Milbourne 4 1 3 Humphry Pugh 4 1 3 Thomas Pride 4 1 3 Lawrence Peterson (Soldier from the 2d Comp who Succeeded John Christoffell) from Febry 6 to 31st March both Incld 2 8 1 John Smith 4 1 3 William Turner 4 1 3 John Watkins 4 1 3 79 11 10 Superannuated Joseph Whaley Sergeant 3 8 3 William Burnham do 3 8 3 Isaac Hugarson 2d Gunner 3 8 3 George Lindsey Drummer 3 8 3 Samuel Kniffe Continel 3 8 3 Francis Furze Armourer 6 " 7 1/2 23 1 10 1/2 £ 1710 3 8	The account continued, brought over at £1,607 9s 11.5d, and the company subtotal brought over at £24 7s 6d. John Bravagan: £4 1s 3d William Bateman: £4 1s 3d Edward Burford: £4 1s 3d John Brown: £4 1s 3d Samuel Clarke: £4 1s 3d Thomas Dent: £4 1s 3d Anthony Day: £4 1s 3d Adam Milbourne: £4 1s 3d Humphry Pugh: £4 1s 3d Thomas Firde: £4 1s 3d Lawrence Peterson, soldier from the second company who succeeded John Christoffell, from 5 February to 31 March both included: £2 8s 1d John Smith: £4 1s 3d William Turner: £4 1s 3d John Watkins: £4 1s 3d Total: £79 11s 10d Superannuated: Joseph Whaley, sergeant: £3 8s 3d William Burnham, sergeant: £3 8s 3d Isaac Hugarson, quarter gunner: £3 8s 3d George Lindsey, drummer: £3 8s 3d Samuel Knipe, sentinel: £3 8s 3d Francis Funge, armourer: £6 0s 7.5d Total: £23 1s 10.5d Total: £1,710 3s 8d Interpretations The account closed the matrosses of the artillery company and then set out a separate roll of the superannuated, the men worn out or grown too old for active service whom the Company kept on its pay. The entry for Lawrence Peterson completed a movement traced across the earlier pages: having been made a matross from the second company of foot on 5 February, he now stood in the artillery in the place of John Christoffell, who had himself risen to quarter gunner the same day, so that the whole chain of promotions of 5 February closed with Peterson filling the last vacancy at the foot of the artillery. The superannuated list recorded old servants of the garrison, a sergeant, a quarter gunner, a drummer, a sentinel and an armourer, still drawing pay though no longer fit for their former duties, the Company maintaining men who had spent their strength in its service. This provision for the aged and disabled, kept apart from the active companies, marked a settled practice of the establishment, the roll of the superannuated being a small pension list within the larger pay account, the men entered by the offices they had held rather than by any present duty. The gathering of all the military charges to a single total, the four companies of foot, the artillery company and the superannuated, closed the reckoning of the island's whole defence at above seventeen hundred pounds. The keeping of the account rank by rank and man by man, each body totalled and the whole carried to its sum, gave the Company a full view of both the strength and the cost of its garrison, the paymaster answering with his account for every officer, soldier and old servant on the island, the running total measuring the entire charge of the men who held and defended the settlement.
521		518	1744 Dr Charles Hutchinson To Cash recd of Jn Kirwin Esqr for two Goats & a Kidd£ 1 " " To Cash recd of Jno Scott in part of his Debt to Josph Godwin decd£ 20 16 " To Cash recd of Sam Dowton One of the Exors of Jno Dowton decd for 14 Years arrears of rent at 2/6 P year£ 1.13. Do 2/6 3.6.6 5 1 6 To Cash recd for do Licences Granted for 6 Publick Houses for the Year Ending 24 March Last at £2 " " Each£ 12 " " To Cash recd of Martin Harper for Rent pd by him for a Years Rent Ending 30 Septr Last for half an Acre of Land£ 1 3 To Cash recd of Mr John Goodwin for Rent pd by him for two Years Rent Endg 30 Septr Last for 6 Acres of Land at 2/6 P Septr Annum£ 1 10 " To Cash recd of Benj Ploodgerd Trustee for the Effts of Jos Hayes decd in full of a Debt Due from do Hayes to the Honble Compa£ 31 18 4 To Cash recd of Joseph Powell for a Years Rent Ending 30 Septr 1743 Short pd by him for 3 Acres of Land at 1/3 P Acre & for a years Rent of 3 Acres of Land for 2 Years to 30 Septr 1744 at 2/6 P Acre£ " " 19 6 To Cash recd of Jno Goodwin One of the Exors of Wm Steward decd for 6 Years Ground rent Ending 30 Septr Last at 14/6 P Annum£ 4 7 " To Cash recd of Sam Falconer Surgeon in full of his Debt to the Hospital£ 6 5 To Cash recd of Joseph Whaley Sergt for an Arrear of Rent£ " 7 6 To Cash recd of Edwd Konslow Wheelwright in full of his Debt to Wm Hen Esqr£ 2 1 " To Cash recd of Jas Greentree for a Years Rent Ending 30 Septr Last Short pd by him for 11 Acres of Land at 2/6 P Acre£ 1 7 6 To Cash recd of Mathew Twiling Storekeeper for so much By him in the Quarter Ending£ 638 17 9 To Cash recd of Benj Kirkpatrick for 200 pounds wt of Hay£ " 10 " To Cash recd of John Goodwin in full of his debt to the Coy£ 37 1 10 1/2 To Cash recd of James Dubois Surgeon & Malefor so much remaining in his hands out of the pay of the Soldiers that were in the Hospital between 1 July 1744 & 31 March 1745£ 8 15 10 1/2 To Cash recd from the Cash Chest£ 1155 19 3 Carr Over £ 1948 14 3 3/4	The cash account was set out debtor for the year 1744, under the paymaster Charles Hutchinson. To cash received of John Friend for two goats and a kid: £0 1s 0d To cash received of John Scott in part of his debt of £29 10s, by two steers: £20 18s 0d To cash received of Samuel Doveton, one of the executors of John Doveton deceased, for 14 years arrears of rent at 2s 6d per year, £1 15s, and for a lease at 7s 6d, £3 6s 6d: £5 1s 6d To cash received for licences granted for 6 public houses for the year ending 24 March, at £2 each: £12 0s 0d To cash received of Martin Harper for short paid by him for a year's rent ending 30 September last, for half an acre of land: £0 1s 3d To cash received of John Goodwin for short paid by him for two years' rent ending 30 September last, for 6 acres of land at 2s 6d per acre per land: £1 10s 0d To cash received of Benjamin Pledger, trustee for the estate of John Hayes deceased, in full of the debt due from John Hayes to the honourable company: £31 18s 4d To cash received of Joseph Powell for a year's rent ending 30 September 1743 short paid by him for one acre of land at 1s 3d, and a year's rent of 3 acres of land for the year ending 30 September 1744 at 2s 6d per acre: £0 19s 6d To cash received of John Goodwin, one of the executors of Isaac Steward deceased, for 6 years' ground rent ending 30 September last, at 14s 6d per land: £4 7s 0d To cash received of Samuel Falconer, surgeon, in full of his debt: £6 5s 0d To cash received of Joseph Whaley junior for an acre of rent: £0 7s 6d To cash received of Edward Renolds, wheelwright, in part of his debt to the honourable company: £2 1s 0d To cash received of a Greentree for a year's rent ending 30 September last, short paid by him for 11 acres of land at 2s 6d per acre: £1 7s 6d To cash received of Matthew Purling, storekeeper, for so much by him in the quarter ending: £638 17s 9d To cash received of Bartholomew Kirkpatrick for 200 pounds of hay: £0 0s 10d To cash received of John Goodwin in full of his debt to the honourable company: £37 1s 10.5d To cash received of James Dubois, surgeon's mate, for so much remaining in his hands out of the pay of the soldiers that were in the hospital between 1 July 1744 and 31 March 1745: £8 15s 10.5d To cash received from the cash chest: £1,155 19s 3d Carried over: £1,948 14s 3.5d Interpretations The cash account gathered on its debtor side every sum coming into the paymaster's hands through the quarter, ranging from small receipts for stock and hay to the great transfers from the storekeeper and the cash chest, so that the whole of what the Company took in could be reckoned against what it paid out. The largest single entries, the £638 received of the storekeeper for his quarter's sales and the £1,155 drawn from the chest, dwarfed the many small rents and debts, marking the mixed character of the account, which set the settlement's trifling ground rents beside the movement of the treasury's own reserves. Many of the entries recorded the recovery of standing debts and arrears of rent, several running back years, the account bringing in sums long owed to the Company from named holders and from the estates of the dead. The £31 18s 4d received of Benjamin Pledger as trustee for John Hayes's estate closed a debt the council had pursued across successive consultations earlier in the run, while the several receipts of John Goodwin as executor of two deceased men's estates showed old ground rents at last brought to account through those who administered the property, the Company recovering through the executors what the dead had left unpaid. The receipt of the surplus pay of soldiers who had been in the hospital, remaining in the surgeon's mate's hands, showed the Company recovering money stopped from sick men's wages toward their keep in the infirmary, the balance not spent returned to the cash. This entry tied the hospital's funding back into the treasury, the sixpence a man deducted from the garrison's pay for the infirmary being accounted for so that any part not consumed came back to the Company. The gathering of every receipt, great and small, into a single debtor account carried to its total gave the Company a full reckoning of its income for the quarter, set against the disbursements on the other side so that the treasury could be balanced and the paymaster held to account for all that passed through his hands.
522		519	Charles Hutchinson Paymaster Cr By Cash pd the Honble Compas Officers & Servants their Sal & Diet Money as & Pay Acct£ 1710 3 8 By Cash pd Thos Kirker on Acct for Cloth made by him by Order of the Late Govr Powell for the Honble Company£ 10 " " By Cash pd Edwd Dunfield for Coming Express with an Acct of a Ship to Windward£ " 5 " By Cash pd Mr Chris Dixon for so much given by him to the Butcher of the Swift Snow Upon Delivery of a Sow & Piggs£ " 10 " By Cash pd Do for so much pd by him for 2 Hoggs bot for the Honble Compa in the Month of Novr Last£ 2 10 " By Cash pd Wm Price for Coming Express with an Acct of a Vessell to Windward£ " 5 " By Cash pd Mr John Goodwin Exor of Mrs Mary the Govr Goodwin decd for 2 Years rent Ending 30 Aprl Last Overpd by her for 8 Acres of Land at 7/6 Each and to do 8 Acres being Included in a Grant pd for by Mr Rich Goodwin for that time£ 2 " " By Cash pd Wm Hastings for 2 pr Shoes & for Soling Ones for the Honble Compas Blacks£ " 14 " By Cash pd Robert Stack, Jno Hayley, Duncan McLaren, and Edwd Sparh (that were Left here sick by Capt Smith of the Ship Oxford) 88 days pay Commencing 3d Jany & Ending 31 March both Inclusive, at 9d Each P Day£ 13 4 " By Cash pd Isaac Leech for 3 days work in Mend flag &c£ 7 6 By Cash pd Jos Parsons as & their receits for 58 days Work at the Fortifications, at 1s P Day£ 2 18 " By Cash pd Sam Thomas as & their Receits for 435 days Work done by their Blacks at the Same Rate at 1s P Day£ 21 10 " By Cash pd John Scotcher, Abraham Morris & Anthony Day for Making 351 Loads of Sarv Hay in Ashers &c P Load£ 8 15 6 By Cash pd Thos for 8 days Work in Goulds Yard flag'd at 1/3 P Day£ 5 5 " By Cash pd the Overseers of the Wier & Kowing & Pumice, 10 Each£ 4 10 " Carr Over £ 1782 17 5	The cash account was set out debtor for the year 1744, under the paymaster Charles Hutchinson. To cash received of John Friend for two goats and a kid: £0 1s 0d To cash received of John Scott in part of his debt of £29 10s, by two steers: £20 18s 0d To cash received of Samuel Doveton, one of the executors of John Doveton deceased, for 14 years arrears of rent at 2s 6d per year, £1 15s, and for a lease at 7s 6d, £3 6s 6d: £5 1s 6d To cash received for licences granted for 6 public houses for the year ending 24 March, at £2 each: £12 0s 0d To cash received of Martin Harper for short paid by him for a year's rent ending 30 September last, for half an acre of land: £0 1s 3d To cash received of John Goodwin for short paid by him for two years' rent ending 30 September last, for 6 acres of land at 2s 6d per acre per land: £1 10s 0d To cash received of Benjamin Pledger, trustee for the estate of John Hayes deceased, in full of the debt due from John Hayes to the honourable company: £31 18s 4d To cash received of Joseph Powell for a year's rent ending 30 September 1743 short paid by him for one acre of land at 1s 3d, and a year's rent of 3 acres of land for the year ending 30 September 1744 at 2s 6d per acre: £0 19s 6d To cash received of John Goodwin, one of the executors of Isaac Steward deceased, for 6 years' ground rent ending 30 September last, at 14s 6d per land: £4 7s 0d To cash received of Samuel Falconer, surgeon, in full of his debt: £6 5s 0d To cash received of Joseph Whaley junior for an acre of rent: £0 7s 6d To cash received of Edward Renolds, wheelwright, in part of his debt to the honourable company: £2 1s 0d To cash received of a Greentree for a year's rent ending 30 September last, short paid by him for 11 acres of land at 2s 6d per acre: £1 7s 6d To cash received of Matthew Purling, storekeeper, for so much by him in the quarter ending: £638 17s 9d To cash received of Bartholomew Kirkpatrick for 200 pounds of hay: £0 0s 10d To cash received of John Goodwin in full of his debt to the honourable company: £37 1s 10.5d To cash received of James Dubois, surgeon's mate, for so much remaining in his hands out of the pay of the soldiers that were in the hospital between 1 July 1744 and 31 March 1745: £8 15s 10.5d To cash received from the cash chest: £1,155 19s 3d Carried over: £1,948 14s 3.5d Interpretations The cash account gathered on its debtor side every sum coming into the paymaster's hands through the quarter, ranging from small receipts for stock and hay to the great transfers from the storekeeper and the cash chest, so that the whole of what the Company took in could be reckoned against what it paid out. The largest single entries, the £638 received of the storekeeper for his quarter's sales and the £1,155 drawn from the chest, dwarfed the many small rents and debts, marking the mixed character of the account, which set the settlement's trifling ground rents beside the movement of the treasury's own reserves. Many of the entries recorded the recovery of standing debts and arrears of rent, several running back years, the account bringing in sums long owed to the Company from named holders and from the estates of the dead. The £31 18s 4d received of Benjamin Pledger as trustee for John Hayes's estate closed a debt the council had pursued across successive consultations earlier in the run, while the several receipts of John Goodwin as executor of two deceased men's estates showed old ground rents at last brought to account through those who administered the property, the Company recovering through the executors what the dead had left unpaid. The receipt of the surplus pay of soldiers who had been in the hospital, remaining in the surgeon's mate's hands, showed the Company recovering money stopped from sick men's wages toward their keep in the infirmary, the balance not spent returned to the cash. This entry tied the hospital's funding back into the treasury, the sixpence a man deducted from the garrison's pay for the infirmary being accounted for so that any part not consumed came back to the Company. The gathering of every receipt, great and small, into a single debtor account carried to its total gave the Company a full reckoning of its income for the quarter, set against the disbursements on the other side so that the treasury could be balanced and the paymaster held to account for all that passed through his hands.
523		520	Brot Over £ 1948 14 3 3/4 Carr Over £ 1948 14 3 3/4	The debtor side of the cash account, brought over at £1,948 14s 3.5d, carried no further entries, and the same sum of £1,948 14s 3.5d was carried over to the following page.
524		521	Brot Over £ 1782 17 5 By Cash pd Stephen Willoughby & Robert Curry for Baking fifty two Batches of Bread for the Garrison at 7d P Batch£ 1 10 4 By Cash pd Jno Ashingstall for Making 36 Yards of Linnen Do at Do£ 1 12 6 By Cash pd Jerm for going 14 Trips in the Long Boat to Sandy Bay for Lime at 10 Shillings each£ 7 " " By Cash pd Jno Branagan, Wm Ames, Thos Pride George Ayres Philip Hylliard, Rich Knight, Thos Deat Peter Steenburgh & Wm Feet for Working 191 Days in the Long Boat for Lime at 1 Shilling P Day£ 9 11 " By Cash pd John Chester & Bayley for 3000 Limers at two Shillings P Hundred£ 3 " " By Cash pd Jno Burgeigner Bricklayer for 7 days work at 3s Each£ 1 1 " Bartholomew Molloy Bricklayer 46 days at 3s£ 6 18 " Ambrose Bland Labourer 70 at 1s£ 3 10 " Wm Oakman Carpenter 48 at 3s£ 7 4 " Wm Mason Assistant Carpenter 37 at 1/6£ 2 15 6 George Bennett Labourer 10 at 1s£ 10 " Thos Kendrick do 3 at 1s£ 3 " Richard Rashalls do 9 1/2 at 1s£ 9 6 James Dales Plaisterer & Painter 55 at 2s£ 5 10 " George Exton Sawyer 17 at 2s£ 1 14 " Peter Bayley Labourer 49 at 1s£ 2 9 " John Upton do 3 at 1s£ 3 " Thos Fuller do 23 at 1s£ 1 3 " John Nicholls do 11 at 1s£ 11 " By Cash pd Wm Sowndy for Mending Soldiers Coats£ 6 6 Do Thos Wagg for Making Gloves for the Gunners£ 2 6 Pd Abraham Major for Sowing Stocks£ 2 " Pd Richd Beale for 23 Rasters at 1s Each£ 1 5 " Pd Do for 23 Loads of Lathes at 3s P Load£ 3 9 " Pd Thomas Winter for black Sowing Yarn£ 2 10 " Carr Over £ 1846 6 2 3/4	The cash account was set out on its creditor side, brought over at £1,782 17s 8d. By cash paid Stephen Willoughby and Robert Currie for baking fifty-two batches of bread for the garrison, at 7d the batch: £1 12s 6d By cash paid John Artingstall for making 36 cartridges for the demi-cannon: £0 0s 9d By cash paid to men for going 14 times in the long boat to Sandy Bay for lime, at 10 shillings each: £7 0s 0d By cash paid John Bravagan, William Ormes, Thomas Firde, George Ayres, Philip Hylliard, Richard Knight, Thomas Dent, Peter Meenburgh and William Peet for working 191 days in the long boat, for their diet, at 1 shilling per day: £9 11s 0d By cash paid John Fowler and Bagley for 3,000 lemons at two shillings per hundred: £3 0s 0d By cash paid, for labour on the works, the following at various rates: John Burgoigne, stonelayer, 7 days at 3s each: £1 1s 0d Bartholomew Molloy, stonelayer, 46 days at 3s: £6 18s 0d Ambrose Bland, labourer, 70 days at 1s: £3 10s 0d William Oakman, carpenter, 48 days at 3s: £7 4s 0d William Mason, assistant carpenter, 37 days at 1s 6d: £2 15s 6d George Bennett, labourer, 10 days at 1s: £0 10s 0d Thomas Kendrick, labourer, 3 days at 1s: £0 3s 0d Richard Rashalles, labourer, 9.5 days at 1s: £0 9s 6d Samuel Eales, plasterer and painter, 55 days at 2s: £5 10s 0d George Exton, sawyer, 17 days at 2s: £1 14s 0d Peter Bagley, labourer, 49 days at 1s: £2 9s 0d John Upton, labourer, 3 days at 1s: £0 3s 0d Thomas Fuller, labourer, 23 days at 1s: £1 3s 0d John Nicholls, labourer, 11 days at 1s: £0 11s 0d By cash paid for brandy for mending the soldiers' lathe: £0 6s 6d By cash paid Thomas Wagg for making gloves for the hedgers: £0 2s 6d By cash paid Abraham Major for steering the glazier: £0 2s 0d By cash paid Richard Beale for 25 rafters at 1s each: £1 5s 0d By cash paid the same for 23 loads of laths at 3s per load: £3 9s 0d By cash paid Thomas Firde for black slaves in the garden: £0 2s 10d Carried over: £1,846 6s 2.5d Interpretations The cash account gathered on its creditor side the wages and small charges paid out through the quarter, chiefly for labour on the Company's works, each man named with the days he served and the rate he drew. The graded rates fixed the standing of each trade, the stonelayers and carpenters drawing three shillings a day, the plasterer, sawyer and assistant carpenter less, and the plain labourers a shilling, so that the cost of each hand followed directly from his skill and the length of his employment, the account setting out the whole workforce of the quarter man by man. The payments for carrying lime from Sandy Bay by the long boat, and the diet allowed the men who worked her, showed the constant labour of an island without a sheltered harbour, where the burning of lime for masonry depended on stone and lime being fetched round the coast by water. The men were paid both for the journeys themselves and a shilling a day for their board while so employed, the account reckoning the cost of the boat's service apart, the long boat recurring across these records as the workhorse on which the fetching of building materials relied. The scatter of small payments reached into every corner of the establishment, the lemons bought in quantity, the gloves made for the hedgers who kept the fences, the rafters and laths for building, and the brandy issued for a repair. The entry for black slaves in the garden and the diet found for the long boat's crew showed the Company meeting the cost of labour not by wages alone but by allowances and issues in kind. The keeping of the account by each payment, the men named and their work and rates set down, gave the Company a full reckoning of what it laid out in the quarter, the creditor side answering the receipts on the debtor side so that the treasury could be balanced and every disbursement held to account.
525		522	Brot Over £ 1948 14 3 £ 1948 14 3	The cash account, brought over at £1,948 14s 3.5d, carried no further entries, and closed at the same sum of £1,948 14s 3.5d.
526		523	Brot Over £ 1846 6 2 By Cash pd Jeptha Germain for Work done at Horsepoint£ 2 2 " Pd John Aldrick for 14 days Work in Caulking & repairing the Long Boat & Yawl & Mending Wheelbarrows at 3 Shillings P day£ 2 2 " Pd John Jones for Making 2 Coffins for Soldrs£ " 6 " £ 1850 16 2 By Cash pd into the Honble Companys Cash£ 97 18 1 3/4 £ 1948 14 3 3/4	The cash account was set out on its creditor side, brought over at £1,846 6s 2d. By cash paid Jeptha Germain for work done at Horse Point: £0 2s 2d By cash paid John Aldrick for 14 days' work in caulking and repairing the long boat and yawl and mending wheelbarrows, at 3 shillings per day: £2 2s 0d By cash paid John Jones for making 2 coffins for soldiers: £0 6s 0d Total: £1,850 16s 2d By cash paid into the honourable company's cash: £97 18s 1.75d Total: £1,948 14s 3.75d Interpretations The account closed the quarter's disbursements with a few remaining payments for labour and then struck the balance, the sum left over being paid back into the honourable company's cash. This return of the surplus to the treasury completed the reckoning, the paymaster having received on the debtor side more than he paid out in wages and charges, the difference lodged again in the Company's chest so that the account balanced to the same total on both sides and nothing remained unaccounted in his hands. The payment to John Aldrick for caulking and repairing the long boat and yawl, and for mending the wheelbarrows, showed the constant upkeep of the Company's working craft and tools, the same charges recurring across these accounts. On an island without a sheltered harbour, the boats that fetched lime and stone and landed all goods from the shipping required steady maintenance, and the wheelbarrows worn in carrying earth and stone about the works were patched rather than replaced, the account fixing each payment to the particular repair it met. The making of two coffins for soldiers, entered here among the ordinary charges, again marked death as a steady expense of the garrison, the Company bearing the cost of burying its men as plainly as it paid their wages. The keeping of the account by each payment, the men named and their work set down, and the whole balanced by the return of the surplus to the cash, gave the Company a full and closed reckoning of the quarter, the paymaster answering with his account for every sum received and paid, so that the treasury could be squared and his stewardship of it held to account to the last penny.
527		524	Dr Cash 1744 March 1. To Ballance remaining£ 2090 4 10 5. To Cash recd of John Scott in part of his Debt of £29.10 to the Honble Company£ 20 18 " 12 To Cash recd of Mr Samuel Dowton, One of the Exors of Wm Jno Dowton decd for 14 Years Arrears of Rent at 2/6 P Year£ 1 . 15 . " 7 do Arrears 2/6 3.6.6 5 1 6 19 To Cash recd for the Licences Granted for Six Publick Houses for the Year Ending the 24 Mar 1744 at £2 P Each£ 12 " " To Cash recd of Mr Martin Harper for Rent pd by him for a Years Rent Ending 30 Septr Last for half an Acre of Land£ " 1 3 To Cash recd of Mr Jno Goodwin for Rent pd by him for 2 Years Rent Ending 30 Septr Last for 6 Acres of Land at 2/6 P Annum£ 1 10 " 1745 March 26 To Cash recd of Benj Ploodgerd Trustee for the Effts of Jos Hayes decd in full of the Debt due from Jos Hayes to the Honble Compa£ 31 18 4 To Cash recd of Mr Jos Powell for a Years Rent Ending 30 Septr 1743 Short pd by him for 3 Acre of Land at 1/3 P Ann & for 3 years rent of 3 Acres of Land for a Year to 30 Septr 1744, at 2/6 P Acre£ " 12 6 To Cash recd of Mr Jno Goodwin One of the Exors of Wm Steward decd for 6 Years Ground rent Endg 30 Septr Last at 14/6 P Annum£ 4 7 " To Cash recd of Jam Falconer Surgeon in part of his Debt to the Honble Company£ 6 5 " To Cash recd of Joseph Whaley Sergt for an Arrear of Rent£ " 7 6 To Cash recd of Edw Konslow Wheelwright in pt of his Debt to Wm Coy£ 2 1 " To Cash recd of Jos Greentree for a Years Rent Ending 30 Septr Last Short pd by him for 11 Acres of Land at 2/6 P Acre£ 1 7 6 To Cash recd of Matthew Twiling Storekeeper for so much by him Sold in the Quarter Endg 31 March 1745£ 638 17 9 To Cash recd of Lieut Kirkpatrick for two Hundred of Hay£ " 10 " Carr Over £ 2836 2 2 3/4	The cash account was set out debtor. On 1 March 1745, the balance remaining stood at £2,090 4s 10d. 5 March: to cash received of John Scott in part of his debt of £29 10s to the honourable company: £20 18s 0d 12 March: to cash received of Samuel Doveton, one of the executors of John Doveton deceased, for 15 years arrears of rent at 2s 6d per year, £1 15s, and for a lease at 2s 6d, £3 6s 6d: £5 1s 6d 19 March: to cash received for licences granted for six public houses for the year ending 24 March 1745, at £2 each: £12 0s 0d To cash received of Martin Harper for short paid by him for a year's rent ending 30 September last, for half an acre of land: £0 1s 3d To cash received of John Goodwin for short paid by him for two years' rent ending 30 September last, for 6 acres of land at 2s 6d per acre: £1 10s 0d 26 March: to cash received of Benjamin Pledger, trustee for the estate of John Hayes deceased, in full of the debt due from John Hayes to the honourable company: £31 18s 4d To cash received of Joseph Powell for 4 years' rent ending 30 September 1743, short paid by him for one acre of land at 1s 3d per annum, and for a year's rent of 3 acres of land for the year ending 30 September 1744 at 2s 6d per acre: £0 12s 6d To cash received of John Goodwin, one of the executors of Isaac Steward deceased, for 6 years' ground rent ending 30 September last, at 14s 6d per annum: £4 7s 0d To cash received of Samuel Falconer, surgeon, in part of his debt to the honourable company: £6 5s 0d To cash received of Joseph Whaley junior for an arrear of rent: £0 7s 6d To cash received of Edward Renolds, wheelwright, in part of his debt to the honourable company: £2 1s 0d To cash received of a Greentree for a year's rent ending 30 September last, short paid by him for 11 acres of land at 2s 6d per acre: £1 7s 6d To cash received of Matthew Purling, storekeeper, for so much sold by him in the quarter ending 31 March 1745: £638 17s 9d To cash received of Lieutenant Kirkpatrick for two hundred of hay: £0 0s 10d Carried over: £2,836 2s 2d Interpretations The cash account opened its debtor side with the balance carried from the previous quarter, then gathered every sum coming into the treasury through the three months, chiefly the recovery of ground rents and standing debts from named holders and from the estates of the dead, set against the great transfer of the storekeeper's quarterly sales. This entry is a fuller and dated version of the same receipts recorded in the paymaster's account, the treasury's own book setting out each sum against the day it came in, so that the flow of money into the Company's cash could be traced across the quarter. The many small rents brought in, several running back years and most short-paid balances at last collected, showed the Company pursuing every arrear owed on its land, however trifling. The reckoning of a fifteen-year arrear on the Doveton lease and a six-year ground rent on the Steward estate, each recovered through the executor administering the deceased's property, marked the persistence with which old dues were traced to their source, the estates of the dead remaining answerable for rents left unpaid in their lifetimes until the executors cleared them. The recovery of the John Hayes debt through Benjamin Pledger as trustee closed the very claim the council had pressed across the consultations earlier in the run, the sum now entered in the cash book as received in full. The licences for the six public houses, brought in for the year at two pounds each, tied the liquor revenue advertised and collected at the spring consultations into the treasury account. The keeping of the debtor side by each dated receipt, every sum named against its source, gave the Company a full record of its income for the quarter, carried forward to be balanced against the disbursements on the other side so that the treasury could be squared to the penny.
528		525	Dr C Cash 1744 March 19 By Cash pd Mr Jno Goodwin Exor of Mrs Mary Goodwin decd for 2 Years Rent Endg 30 Septr Last Overpd by her for 8 Acres of Land at 2/6 Each P Ann & the 8 Acres being Included in the Land pd for by Mr Rich Goodwin for that time£ 2 " " 1745 March 26 By Cash pd Wm Hastings for 2 pr Shoes & for Soling 1 pr for the Honble Companys Blacks£ " 14 " By Cash pd Robert Stack, John Hayley, Duncan McLaren & Edw Spark (who were Left Sick here by Capt Smith of the Ship Oxford) 88 days pay Commencing 3d Jany & Endg 31 March both Incd at 9d Each P day£ 13 4 " By Cash pd Isaac Leech for Mending Flags£ 7 6 By Cash pd Josh Parsons as & their Receits for 58 days Work at the Fortifications at 1s P Day£ 2 18 " By Cash pd Josh Parsons as & their Receits for 430 days Work done by their Blacks at the Same Rate at 1s P day£ 21 10 " By Cash pd Jno Scotcher, Abraham Morris, & Anthony Day for Making 351 Loads of Furze Wood in Fasheens at 6d Load£ 8 15 6 By Cash pd them for 84 days Work, in Gouldsmiths Furze at 15 P Day£ 5 5 " By Cash pd Jos Grenswain & 8 Men that Rowed in the Pinnace 10 Each£ 4 10 " By Cash pd Stephen Willoughby & Robt Curry for Baking 52 Batches of Bread for the Garrison at 7 1/4 P Batch£ 1 12 6 By Cash pd Jno Ashingstall for Making 36 Bags for Lime at 3d Each£ " 9 " By Cash pd him for going 14 Trips in the Long Boat to Sandy Bay for Lime at 10s Each£ 7 " " By Cash pd Jno Branagan, Wm Ames, Thos Pride, Geo Ayres Philip Hilliard, Rich Knight, Thos Dent, Peter Steenburgh & Wm Feet for Working 191 Days in the Long Boat for Lime at 1s P day£ 9 11 " Carr Over £ 77 16 6	The cash account was set out on its creditor side. 19 March: by cash paid John Goodwin, executor of Margaret Goodwin deceased, for 2 years' rent ending 30 September last, short paid by her for 6 acres of land at 2s 6d per acre per annum, the 8 acres being included in the land paid for by John Goodwin for that time: £2 0s 0d 26 March: by cash paid William Hastings for 2 pounds of grease, and for soling 1 pair, for the honourable company's flags: £0 0s 14d By cash paid Robert Wood, John Stanley, Duncan McLaren and Edward Spark, who were left sick here by Captain Smith of the ship Oxford, 88 days' pay commencing 3 January and ending 31 March both included, at 9d each per day: £13 4s 0d By cash paid Isaac Leech for mending flags: £0 7s 6d By cash paid the stone persons, as per their receipts, for 58 days' work at the fortifications at 1s per day: £2 18s 0d By cash paid the stone persons, as per their receipts, for 430 days' work done by their blacks at the limekiln at 1s per day: £21 10s 0d By cash paid John Scotcher, Abraham Morris and Anthony Day for making 350 loads of furze hedge, otherwise fences, at 6d per load: £8 15s 0d By cash paid men for 84 days' work in grubbing furze at 15d per day: £5 5s 0d By cash paid the coxswain and 8 men that rowed the pinnace, at 10s each: £4 10s 0d By cash paid Stephen Willoughby and Robert Currie for baking 52 batches of bread for the garrison, at 7d per batch: £1 12s 6d By cash paid John Artingstall for making 36 bags for the demi-cannon: £0 0s 9d By cash paid the same for going 14 times in the long boat to Sandy Bay for lime, at 10s each: £7 0s 0d By cash paid John Bravagan, William Ormes, Thomas Firde, George Ayres, Philip Hylliard, Richard Knight, Thomas Dent, Peter Meenburgh and William Scott for working 191 days in the long boat for lime, at 1s per day: £9 11s 0d Carried over: £77 16s 6d Interpretations The cash account gathered on its creditor side the treasury's disbursements through the quarter, chiefly the wages of labour on the Company's works, each party named with the days served and the rate drawn. Much of the reckoning fell on the fetching and burning of lime, the great charge for 430 days of slave labour at the limekiln and the payments for carrying lime round from Sandy Bay by the long boat showing that the preparation of lime for masonry was the heaviest single call on the quarter's labour, the whole apparatus of building resting on that supply. The payment to four soldiers left sick on the island by the Oxford recorded the Company maintaining men set ashore ill from a ship touching on her voyage, their pay reckoned to the day across the three months they were cared for. This charge, matching the blankets issued to the same men from the stores in the garrison account, showed the establishment bearing the cost of sick seamen not of its own garrison, the men drawing a soldier's ninepence a day while they lay on the island until fit to go on, the account following each to the exact term of his stay. The scatter of small payments reached across the settlement's works, the making of furze hedges to fence the ground, the grubbing of gorse, the mending of the flags flown from the fort, and the rowing of the pinnace, the pinnace being a small vessel served by the coxswain and his men. Several of these entries repeat receipts recorded in the paymaster's own account, the treasury book setting out the same disbursements against their dates. The keeping of the creditor side by each payment, the parties named and their work and rates set down, gave the Company a full record of what it laid out in the quarter, carried forward to be balanced against the receipts so that the treasury could be squared and every disbursement held to account.
529		526	Dr Cash Brot Over £ 2836 2 2 3/4 To Cash recd of Jas Dubois Surgeons Mate for so much remaining in his Hands, out of the pay P day pd by the Soldiers that were in the Hospital between 1 July last & 31 March 1745£ 8 15 10 1/2 To Cash recd of Jno Goodwin in full of his Debt to the Honble Coy£ 37 1 10 1/2 £ 2881 19 11 To Ballce of Cash rem 31 March 1745 in the following Species vizt 1 Large peice Gold wt 11.15.14 at 3.18.3 P oz£ 46. 1.8 1/4 4 Small peices Do 3.9.12 3.18.— £ 13.11 1/4 189 Pagodas £ 9 Each 85.1.— Gold Amounting to£ 144 13 9 1251 Dollars £5 Each 312.13.— 105 Ryalls 7 1/4 3.5.7 1/2 3345 half Ryalls 3 3/4 52.4.8 1/4 441 French peices 2. 3.13.6 Small Money 1.2 1/4 Silver Amounting to£ 372 " 160 Cash Notes at 2/6 Each 20. — . 260 Do at 5/ 65.—.— 153 Do 20/ 153.—.— 145 Do 40/ 290.—.— Cash Notes Amounting to£ 528 " £ 1044 18 9 —	The cash account was set out debtor, brought over at £2,836 2s 2d. To cash received of James Dubois, surgeon's mate, for so much remaining in his hands out of the 9d per day paid by the soldiers that were in the hospital between 1 July last and 31 March 1745: £8 15s 10.5d To cash received of John Goodwin in full of his bond to the honourable company: £37 1s 10.5d Total: £2,881 19s 11d The balance of cash remaining on 31 March 1745 was made up of the following species. 1 large piece of gold weighing 11 dwt 15 gr 14, at £3 18s 3d per ounce: £46 1s 8.5d 4 small pieces of gold weighing 3 dwt 9 gr 12, at £3 18s per ounce: £13 11s 0.5d 189 pagodas at 9s each: £85 1s 0d Gold amounting to: £144 13s 9d 1,251 dollars at 5s each: £312 15s 0d 105 rials at 7.5d: £3 5s 7.5d 3,345 half rials at 3.25d: £52 4s 8.5d 441 French pieces at 2s: £3 13s 6d Small money: £0 1s 2.5d Silver amounting to: £372 0s 0d 160 cash notes at 2s 6d each: £20 0s 0d 260 ditto at 5s: £65 0s 0d 153 ditto at 20s: £153 0s 0d 145 ditto at 40s: £290 0s 0d Cash notes amounting to: £528 0s 0d Total: £1,044 13s 9d Interpretations The account closed its debtor side with the last receipts of the quarter and then set out the whole of the treasury remaining on hand, reckoned coin by coin and note by note, each foreign piece converted into sterling at a fixed rate before the three classes of gold, silver and cash notes were struck and carried into the grand total. This physical count of the chest against the books was the means by which the Company could satisfy itself that the money actually held answered to the balance the account showed, the treasury on a remote island being made up of the gold and silver of half the trading world alongside its own paper currency. The species named were the currencies a mid-Atlantic victualling station accumulated from Indian, European and colonial trade. Pagodas were the gold coins of southern India, worth about nine shillings; the dollars and their divisions into rials and half rials were the Spanish silver that formed the bulk of the treasury; and loose gold was weighed in pennyweights and grains and priced by the ounce, since worn or cut pieces could not be taken at any fixed face value. The dollars alone made up the greater part of the silver, marking the weight of Spanish coin in the island's cash. The cash notes were the island's own paper currency, issued by the Company in fixed denominations of half a crown, five shillings, one pound and two pounds, and they made up more than a third of the balance. Their presence alongside the foreign coin marked an economy that could not rely on a steady supply of specie and so ran partly on the Company's promise to pay. The recovery from the surgeon's mate of the surplus pay stopped from sick soldiers for their keep in the hospital tied that fund back into the treasury, the balance not consumed returned to the cash. The keeping of the account with the treasury counted in full against the books gave the Company a closed reckoning of its money on hand, so that the chest could be balanced to the penny and the stewardship of it held to account.
530		527	Dr C Cash Brot Over £ 77 16 6 By Cash pd Jno Swaites & Rich Bayley for 3000 Limers at 2s P Hund 3 " " By Cash pd Jno Burgeigner Bricklayer for 7 days work at 3s P Day 1 1 " Bartholomew Molloy Bricklayer 46 days at 3s£ 6 18 " Ambrose Bland Labourer 70 at 1s£ 3 10 " Wm Oakman Carpenter 48 at 3s£ 7 4 " Wm Mason Assistant Carpenter 37 at 1/6£ 2 15 6 George Bennet Labourer 10 at 1s£ " 10 " Thos Kendrick do 3 at 1s£ " 3 " Richd Rashalls do 9 1/2 at 1s£ " 9 6 Sam Dales Plaisterer & Painter 55 at 2s£ 5 10 " Geo Exton Sawyer 17 at 2s£ 1 14 " Peter Bayley Labourer 49 at 1s£ 2 9 " John Upton do 3 at 1s£ " 3 " Thos Fuller do 23 at 1s£ 1 3 " John Nichols do 11 at 1s£ " 11 " By Cash pd Wm Kennedy for Mending Soldiers Coats£ 6 6 pd Thos Wagg for Making Gloves for the Hedgers£ 2 6 pd Abraham Mayor for Sowing Stocks£ 2 " pd Richd Beal for 23 Rasters at 1s Each£ 1 5 " pd do for 23 Loads of Lathes at 3s P Load£ 3 9 " pd Thos Wales for Work done in the Garden£ 2 10 " pd Jeptha Germain for Work done at Horsepoint£ 2 2 " pd John Aldrich for 14 days Work in Caulking & repairing the Long Boat & Yawl & Mending Wheelbarrows at 3s P day£ 2 2 " pd John Jones for Making 2 Coffins for Soldrs£ " 6 " By Cash pd the Honble Companys Officers & Servts their Salarys Diet &c for the Quarter Ending 31st March 1745, Amounting, as & pay Account, to£ 1710 3 8 £ 1837 6 2 By Ballce rem 31st March 1745£ 1044 13 9 £ 2881 19 11	The cash account was set out on its creditor side, brought over at £77 16s 6d. By cash paid John Fowler and Richard Bagley for 3,000 lemons at 2s per hundred: £3 0s 0d By cash paid, for labour on the works, the following at various rates: John Burgoigne, stonelayer, 7 days at 3s each: £1 1s 0d Bartholomew Molloy, stonelayer, 46 days at 3s: £6 18s 0d Ambrose Bland, labourer, 70 days at 1s: £3 10s 0d William Oakman, carpenter, 48 days at 3s: £7 4s 0d William Mason, assistant carpenter, 37 days at 1s 6d: £2 15s 6d George Bennett, labourer, 10 days at 1s: £0 10s 0d Thomas Kendrick, labourer, 3 days at 1s: £0 3s 0d Richard Rashalles, labourer, 9.5 days at 1s: £0 9s 6d Samuel Eales, plasterer and painter, 55 days at 2s: £5 10s 0d George Exton, sawyer, 17 days at 2s: £1 14s 0d Peter Bagley, labourer, 49 days at 1s: £2 9s 0d John Upton, labourer, 3 days at 1s: £0 3s 0d Thomas Fuller, labourer, 23 days at 1s: £1 3s 0d John Nicholls, labourer, 11 days at 1s: £0 11s 0d By cash paid William Kennedy for mending the soldiers' lathe: £0 6s 6d By cash paid Thomas Wagg for making gloves for the hedgers: £0 2s 6d By cash paid Abraham Major for steering the glazier: £0 2s 0d By cash paid Richard Beale for 25 rafters at 1s each: £1 5s 0d By cash paid the same for 23 loads of laths at 3s per load: £3 9s 0d By cash paid Thomas Wales for work done in the garden: £0 10s 0d By cash paid Jeptha Germain for work done at Horse Point: £0 2s 2d By cash paid John Aldrick for 14 days' work in caulking and repairing the long boat and yawl and mending wheelbarrows, at 3s per day: £2 2s 0d By cash paid John Jones for making 2 coffins for soldiers: £0 6s 0d By cash paid the honourable company's officers and servants their salaries due for the quarter ending 31 March 1745, amounting as per pay account to: £1,710 3s 8d Total: £1,837 6s 2d By balance remaining 31 March 1745: £1,044 13s 9d Total: £2,881 19s 11d Interpretations The cash account gathered on its creditor side the whole of the treasury's disbursements for the quarter, the wages of labour on the Company's works followed by the great charge of the establishment's salaries, and then struck the balance remaining, the two sides closing at the same total so that the chest was squared. The salaries carried from the pay account, at more than seventeen hundred pounds, were far the largest single disbursement, marking that the maintenance of the island's officers, servants and garrison was the chief call on its cash, the labour charges and small payments together making up only a fraction of the whole. The labour entries repeat the reckoning set out in the paymaster's own account, the same men named with the same days and rates, the treasury book and the pay account recording the one body of disbursements from their two sides. The graded rates fixed the standing of each trade, the stonelayers and carpenters at three shillings a day, the plasterer and sawyer at two, the assistant carpenter at eighteen pence and the plain labourers at a shilling, so that the cost of the workforce followed directly from each man's skill and the length of his service. The scatter of small payments reached across the settlement's works and provisions, the lemons bought in quantity, the gloves for the hedgers, the rafters and laths for building, the repair of the long boat and yawl, and the making of coffins for soldiers, the last again marking death as a steady charge on the garrison. The account closed by carrying the balance of cash remaining into the reckoning, the sum counted in coin and notes on the facing page brought against the disbursements so that the two sides met. This full and balanced account, the receipts on the debtor side answered by the wages, salaries and remaining balance on the creditor, gave the Company a closed reckoning of its treasury for the quarter, every sum received and paid held to account and the chest squared to the penny.
531		528	This day We Examined the Sevrl Proposalls for a Lycence to keep Punch Houses & Granted Nine Lycences for the Same to the Persons being the Highest Bidders Vizt John Scott£ 10 0 0 Nathan Sample£ 6 10 0 Thomas Villingham£ 6 5 0 Ebenezer Leech£ 6 6 0 John Collens£ 6 0 0 Daniel Bush£ 6 0 0 William Davis£ 6 0 0 John Leech£ 5 10 0 Sarah Newland£ 5 10 0 £ 58 1 0 We at the Same time recd the above Sums into the Honble Companys Cash Upon Examining the Leaves We found Severall persons in Arrears to the Honble Company Which We have Levied recd from them. The particulars of Which will Appear by the Cash Accounts for the Month of March Last David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Twiling	The council this day examined the sealed proposals for a licence to keep punch houses and granted nine licences for the same to the following persons, being the highest bidders. John Scott: £10 0s 0d Nathan Sample: £6 10s 0d Thomas Dillingham: £6 5s 0d Ebenezer Leech: £6 6s 0d John Collins: £6 0s 0d Daniel Bush: £6 0s 0d William Davis: £6 0s 0d John Leech: £5 10s 0d Sarah Newland: £5 10s 0d Total: £58 1s 0d The council at the same time received the above sums into the honourable company's cash. On examining the leases, the council found several persons in arrears to the honourable company, which it had recovered from them, the particulars appearing by the cash account for the month of March last. The consultation was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Purling. Interpretations The council let the right to keep punch houses by sealed competitive bid, opening the proposals together and granting the nine licences to the highest offerers, so that the sums paid for the trade were set by the applicants themselves rather than by the board's own valuation. This turned the retail of drink into a source of revenue fixed by open competition, the sealed form guarding against collusion or favour by keeping every offer secret until all were opened at once, and the wide spread of bids from ten pounds down to five and a half showed the varying value the applicants placed on the licences. The grant of nine licences, against the six of the previous year noted in the earlier advertisements, marked a widening of the number of drinking houses the council allowed on the island. The board treated the licence money as a debt to be collected at once, receiving the whole into the Company's cash on the granting, of a piece with its handling of the arrears of rent it recovered at the same time. The appearance of soldiers and other named inhabitants among the successful bidders, several drawing pay on the establishment reckoned elsewhere in these accounts, showed how the retail of drink drew in men of the garrison and the settlement alike as a means of profit alongside their other callings. The council's note that it had examined the leases and recovered arrears from several holders tied this consultation to the calling-in and re-examination of the island's leases that had run through the spring, the particulars entered in the cash account for the month. The referring of the detail to that account, rather than setting each sum down here, showed the board keeping its consultation record and its treasury book as complementary parts of one system, the decisions taken at the sitting and the money reckoned in the account, so that the whole business of licences and arrears could be traced across the two.
532		529	At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 23 day of April 1745 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Charles Hutchinson Lieut Govr Christopher Dixon 3d John Goodwin 4th of Council Matthew Twiling 5th The Last Consultation was read & Approved This morning a Double Allarm was made for 17 Ships seen to Windward, & soon after Capt Polly, of the Princess of Wales, from Madrass, sent an Officer on Shore, with a Letter Acquainting us, that Capt Court, of the Caesar, from Bencoolen & 15 Sail of Dutch ships Accompanied him, & that what Goods he had for this Island (on the Companys Account) were ready to Send on Shore, in Case we sent a Boat for them Which we did & recd Sundrys as & Invoice that Vizt Invoice of goods P Ship Princess of Wales Vizt CR Rice 25 bags 7 each bag is 175 Manlds & Coffree Ps 26 9 " Factors Provision Sugar 27 Bundles P St Cas 18 sd P £16 P Cs 126.15.4 1/2 Batavia Arrack 24 Leagers of St Coff P 150.— 276 15 4 1/2 Charges Merchandize 5 Boats and Cooley P £6.20 each P 31.20 Cooley hire on Batavia Arrack 15.— Bottles & Tinplated do 6.— Gunny Bags for Rice & Sugar 79 P £4 P 100 bags 3. 5.60 Cooley hire for Rice 6.20 4 28 20 Errors excepted£ 307 16 65 Signed Thomas Dyer Reci£ Pagodas Coff	At a consultation held on Tuesday 23 April 1745 at the castle, the following were present: Colonel David Dunbar, Governor; Captain Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor; Christopher Dixon, third of council; John Godwin, fourth of council; and Matthew Purling, fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. This morning a double alarm was made for seventeen ships seen to windward, and soon after Captain Polly of the Princess of Wales, from Madras, sent an officer on shore with a letter acquainting the council that Captain Court, of the Caesar, from Bencoolen, and fifteen sail of Dutch ships accompanied him, and that the goods he had for this island, on the Company's account, were ready to send on shore in case the council sent a boat for them. The council did so and received the following invoice and sundries. The invoice of goods per the ship Princess of Wales was as follows. Rice, 23 bags, each bag 175 marcals at 6 pagodas the marcal: 26 pagodas 9 annas Factors' provisions: Sugar, 27 bundles net 12 candy 7 lb 18 oz at 10 pagodas the candy: 126 pagodas 15 annas 45 cash Batavia arrack, 24 leaguers at 12 pagodas the leaguer: 150 pagodas 0 annas Total: 276 pagodas 15 annas 45 cash Charges merchandise: 5 boats and coolie hire at 6 pagodas 20 cash each: 31 pagodas 20 cash Coolie hire on Batavia arrack: 15 pagodas 0 cash Bottles and tin plates: 6 pagodas 0 cash Gunny bags for rice and sugar, 79 at 4 pagodas per 100 bags: 3 pagodas 5 annas 60 cash Coolie hire for rice: 6 pagodas 20 cash Total: 4 pagodas 28 annas 20 cash Errors excepted. Signed by Thomas Dye. Total: 307 pagodas 16 annas 65 cash Interpretations The double alarm made for the fleet of seventeen ships seen to windward marked the standing watch of an island that lay exposed on the homeward route, the flagstaff firing to bring the settlement to a posture of readiness before any sail was identified, the more necessary under the war with France then in progress. The arrival of a great convoy accompanied by fifteen Dutch ships showed the shipping moving in company for safety against enemy privateers, the season's homeward fleet gathering at the island for water and refreshment as it always did. The invoice recorded the year's consigned goods sent ashore for the island on the Company's account, reckoned in pagodas rather than rupees, which places the lading on the Coromandel coast where Madras and Fort St George kept their accounts in that gold coin. The goods were the ordinary supply of a victualling station, rice, sugar and Batavia arrack, the arrack drawn in leaguers of some 150 gallons and the sugar weighed by the candy, a weight of the southern coasts running to some five hundred pounds, each line priced and the tare struck off so that payment fell on the net. Several of the charges merchandise noted the unavoidable costs of trading through local intermediaries and of shipping bulk goods by open boat. The coolie hire, the charge for the men who carried the goods down to the boats and out to the ship, fell on both the rice and the arrack, and the gunny bags, the coarse jute sacks in which the grain and sugar were carried, were charged by the hundred, while the five boats hired to bring the whole ashore marked the labour of landing goods on an island without a sheltered harbour. The invoice's attestation, errors excepted, under the signature of the officer who made it out, gave the council a checked account of what the ship delivered, so that the goods received could be reckoned against the invoice as they came into the stores.
533		530	Captain Court came on Shore & Sent us the following Address To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr Govr of the Island of St Helena & the Council Worshipfull Sir & Sirs Being Ordered by the Honble Company to go home with the Dutch fleet from the Cape of Good Hope & the Ship Caesar being very Leaky by Striking on a Sunken Rock to the Northward & Westward of Cape False so as to make 12 Inches Water in One Hour Which Leak has Increased to fifteen Inches in One Hour Since that We Sailed from the Cape with the Dutch fleet Who Generally go North about to Holland In which Case we conceive it will be Dangerous for us to continue with them & humbly beg Your Opinions if you think it proper for us to Proceed with the abovesaid fleet or wait here to Search & repair the Leak & then go home with the Expected Shipping We are Worshipfull Sir & Sirs Your Worships Most Humble Servants Signed Mathew Court Thomas Taylor Robert Kiffin Richard Allwright Thomas Pamflett Peter Jackson Charles Alger Gunnr Alexander Ross Boatsn Wm Learned Carpentr St Helena 23 April 1745 Upon	Captain Court came on shore and sent the council the following letter, addressed to the worshipful David Dunbar, Governor of the island of St Helena, and the council. Captain Court set out that, having been ordered by the honourable company to go home with the Dutch fleet from the Cape of Good Hope, and the ship Caesar being very leaky through striking on a sunken rock to the northward and westward of Cape False, so as to make 12 inches of water in an hour, the leak had increased to fifteen inches in an hour since sailing from the Cape with the Dutch fleet. The Dutch generally went north about to Holland, on which course he conceived it would be dangerous for the Caesar to continue with them. He therefore asked the council's opinion whether it were proper for him to proceed with that fleet, or to wait at the island to search for and repair the leak and then go home with the expected shipping. The letter was dated at St Helena, 23 April 1745, and signed by Matthew Court, Thomas Taylor, Robert Kiffin, Richard Allwright, Thomas Camflett, Peter Jackson, Charles Allger the gunner, Alexander Ross the boatswain, and William Fearnald the carpenter. Interpretations The captain's letter laid a question of navigation and safety before the council, seeking the board's opinion whether to keep company with the Dutch fleet or to stay at the island and repair his ship. The Caesar had struck a sunken rock off the Cape and was taking water at a rate that had grown worse on the passage, fifteen inches an hour marking a serious and worsening leak, so that the choice lay between the danger of parting from the convoy on a long northern course and the delay of searching and mending the hull before going on with the next homeward shipping. The difficulty turned on the different routes the two nations' ships took home. The Dutch went north about, sailing round the north of the British Isles to reach Holland, a longer and more exposed passage on which a leaking ship far from any friendly port stood in real hazard, where the English shipping made for the Channel and could look for relief nearer at hand. The captain judged it perilous to hold a failing vessel to the Dutch course, and rather than decide alone he sought the authority of the Governor and council, the board's opinion carrying a weight that would answer to the Company for whatever he did. The signing of the letter by the whole body of the ship's officers, from the captain down through the mates to the gunner, boatswain and carpenter, gave the request the force of the united judgement of every man responsible for the vessel, rather than the captain's alone. This was the same device by which a ship's company set its hand to a common representation, the collective subscription showing that the officers were agreed on the danger and shared the appeal, so that no man could afterwards be singled out as having pressed a course of his own against the rest, and the council's answer would bind them all alike.
534		531	Upon reading the above Capt Court & Capt Kirwan were called in to Advise with in this Case, And Upon Mature Consideration it was Unanimously Advised That for the Safety of the Ship Caesar & the Honble Companys Concerns on board her She should put in here to Stop the Leak, if Possible, & Proceed to England with our first Ships The Dutch Admirall Sent his Secretary on Shore to Inquire for News, whose Stay was so short, That we had only time to write a Short Letter, to the Honble Company by him; a Duplicate of Which We Sent by Capt Polly, with a Postscript Added Shewing the reason of Capt Courts Staying here David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Twiling At a Consultation held on Fryday 26 April 1745 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Govr Capt Charles Hutchinson Lieut Govr Christopher Dixon 3d John Goodwin 4th of Council Matthew Twiling 5th The Last Consultation was read & Approved The Governour this day laid the following Letter before Us, vizt To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr Govr & Council of St Helena Worshipfull Sir & Sirs The Honble Companys Ship, Lapwing, being in Great want of Provisions for the Supplying her Crew during Out	On reading the letter, Captain Court and Captain Kenman were called in to advise in the case. After mature consideration, it was unanimously advised that, for the safety of the ship Caesar and the honourable company's concerns on board her, she should stay at the island to stop the leak, if possible, and proceed to England with the next shipping. The Dutch admiral sent his secretary on shore to enquire for the council, whose stay was very short, so that the council had only time to write a short letter to the honourable company by him. A duplicate of this the council sent by Captain Polly, with a postscript added showing the reason for Captain Court staying at the island. The consultation was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Gurling. At a consultation held on Friday 26 April 1745 at the castle, the following were present: Colonel David Dunbar, Governor; Captain Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor; Christopher Dixon, third of council; John Godwin, fourth of council; and Matthew Purling, fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. The Governor this day laid the following letter before the council, addressed to the worshipful David Dunbar, Governor of St Helena, and the council. The letter set out that the honourable company's ship Lapwing, being in great want of provisions for the supplying of her crew, as set out below. Interpretations The council's advice that the Caesar stay to repair her leak and go home with the next shipping showed the board weighing the safety of the ship and the Company's goods aboard her against the risk of holding a failing vessel to the Dutch course. Calling in a second captain to join Court in the deliberation gave the decision the support of experienced sea officers as well as the council's own authority, the unanimous opinion being framed so as to answer to the Company for the delay, since a ship kept back from her convoy needed a recorded justification. The care taken over the letters home reflected the difficulty of communicating with London from a mid-ocean station, where a passing fleet was the only means of sending word. The Dutch admiral's secretary came ashore to collect the council's dispatches, but his stay was so brief that only a short letter could be written, so the board sent a duplicate by the English captain Polly, adding a postscript to explain why the Caesar remained. This practice of sending letters by more than one ship, and of adding to a duplicate what could not be got into the first, guarded against a dispatch being lost with the vessel that carried it, the council ensuring that its account reached the Company by whatever shipping offered. The fresh consultation of 26 April opened with another ship's want of provisions, the Lapwing seeking supply for her crew, showing the constant demand made on the island's stores by the shipping that called on the homeward route. A victualling station existed precisely to furnish such wants, and the council's handling of one leaking ship and then a second short of provisions marked the ordinary business of a settlement whose chief purpose was to relieve and refresh the Company's vessels as they passed, each captain's need brought before the board and met so far as the island's own strained stores allowed.
535		532	our Stay at this place & not having above 4 Months Provisions on board (the Liquor Allowance for them being) Occasions my giving You this Trouble for your Advice & direction in what manner the Ship is to be Victualled I cannot help thinking that to break in on our Sea Store of Provisions Must be of very Bad Consequence in Case (Which God forbid) the Ship should have met with any Misfortune & I cannot be Supplyed from the Honble Companys Stores I wait Your Worships Kind Directions for my future Proceedings in this Case & am with due regard Worshipfull Sir & Sirs Your Most Obedient humble Servant Signed Stephen Kirwan On reading the above We returned the following Answer To Capt Stephen Kirwan Sr, You having represented to us, that You shall be in Great want of Provisions for your Ships Crew All you have on board being no more than is Necessary for your Voyage to England, We have Agreed to replace out of the Honble Companys Stores What you may have occasion to expend during your Stay here, & to furnish you with 12 lb of fresh Beef every Week Which will Serve your people for Sea Store in Case This with the 900 You have Already received will be a full & Sufficient Refreshment, We suppose, for your men, as they are all in health & is a Greater Supply than We can now well Afford, As the Honble Companys Stock of Cattle is but Low, they not having above 50 Head fitt to kill this Season; And as we Expect 12 or 14 of their Ships here Bound to Some Men of War We	The captain set out that, during the ship's stay at the island, and not having above four months' provisions on board, being the time's allowance for the run home, he was obliged to trouble the council for its advice and direction in what manner the ship was to be victualled. He could not help thinking that to break in on the ship's sea stores of provisions must be of very bad consequence, in case, which God forbid, the store ship should have met with any misfortune, and he could not be supplied from the honourable company's stores. He awaited the council's directions for his further proceedings in the case. The letter was dated at St Helena, 25 April 1745, and signed by Stephen Kirwan. On reading the letter, the council returned the following answer, addressed to Captain Stephen Kirwan. The council set out that, he having represented that he would be in great want of provisions for his ship's crew, all he had on board being no more than necessary for the voyage to England, it had agreed to replace out of the honourable company's stores what he might have occasion to expend during his stay, and to furnish him with 12 pounds of fresh beef a week, which would serve his people for some days in the week. This, with the 900 pounds he had already received, would be a full and sufficient refreshment for his men, the council supposed, as they were all in health, and a greater supply than it could well afford, the honourable company's stock of cattle being but low, not having above 50 head fit to kill this season, and the council expecting 12 or 14 of the Company's ships, besides some men of war, as set out below. Interpretations The captain's letter turned on a careful reckoning of his provisions against the length of the passage home, the four months' allowance being the standard victualling for the run to England, which he was unwilling to break into while lying at the island. His concern lay in the risk that the annual store ship might miscarry and leave him unable to replace from the settlement's stores what he had spent, so that drawing down his sea stores now could leave him short on a voyage where no further supply could be had. This was the ordinary calculation of a commander who had to see his men fed the whole way home from what he carried. The council's answer set the ship's need against the island's own strained stock, agreeing to supply the crew during their stay and to add a small weekly allowance of fresh beef, but marking plainly that this was a greater supply than it could well afford. The Company's cattle stood low, with no more than fifty head fit to kill for the whole season, and the board faced the prospect of a great fleet still to come, twelve or fourteen of the Company's ships besides men of war, every one of which would look to the island for refreshment. The balance the council had to strike was between relieving the ship before it and preserving enough of its scarce stock to meet the far larger demand the season's shipping would bring. The reckoning of the beef already issued against what was now allowed showed the council measuring its relief precisely, furnishing enough for a sufficient refreshment while withholding more, on the ground that the men were all in health and did not need it. This careful husbanding of the island's provisions, giving each ship what would answer its want but no more, reflected the standing difficulty of a victualling station in wartime, when convoys gathered in numbers and the demand on a herd already reduced by drought and hard seasons pressed hard on what the island could spare, so that every issue had to be weighed against the fleet still expected.
536		533	We shall not be able to give them above half their Charter party Except we Slaughter the Breeders Which would be a great Detriment to the Honble Company. We are Your Humble Servants Signed David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Twiling St Helena 26th April 1745 On Examining the Honble Companys Orders Concerning the Custom on Goods landed on this Island. We find in the Copy of a Letter from the Princess Amelia dated 21 March 1717 That all Arrack landed should pay One Shilling P Gallon Duty to the Companys Vatt Other Goods 5 P Cent. This was again repeated in the 4th Par in the Letter of Ship Hartford dated 4th March 1719 & the 45 Paragraph of James & Mary dated 31 Decr 1723 & the 21 Par in the Letter of Ship Cadogan dated 29 Novr 1738 A Copy of the 3 Prior first Mentioned were Sent to all the Commanders. We Also Appointed Mr Joshua Twynam Factor & Mr Joseph Darwal Writer to Receive the Customs and Published the following Advertizement Vizt Island St Helena This is to give Notice That pursuant to the Honble Companys Orders All Arrack landed in this Island shall pay to them 1s P Gallr Custom & all Other Goods after the date of & Custom on their Value And if any goods are Sold on shore without being first Entered & the Duty pd They will be Seized & confiscated to the Compa the & if any Persons will discover any goods that are run or landed without a Permitt they will be Entitled to the One Third part thereof upon their Condemnation Permitts will be Signed by the Govr or Lieut Govr with directions Where to have the goods Valued & to whom the Duty is to be paid Attendance will be given Every day (Sundays Excepted) for Landing goods from 8 in the Morning till 12 at Noon 25th April 1745 Published by Order of Council Signed Christopher Dixon Secretary	The council concluded that it would not be able to give the ships above half their charter-party allowance, unless it slaughtered the breeders, which would be a great detriment to the honourable company. The letter was dated at St Helena, 26 April 1745, and signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Matthew Purling. On examining the honourable company's orders concerning the custom on goods landed on the island, the council found, in the letter per the Princess Amelia dated 21 March 1717, that all arrack landed should pay one shilling per gallon duty to the Company, and all other goods 5 per cent on their value. This was again repeated in the letter per the ship Hertford dated 9 March 1719, in the 45th paragraph of the letter per the James and Mary dated 31 December 1725, and in the 21st paragraph of the letter per the ship Cadogan dated 29 December 1728. A copy of the three letters first mentioned was sent to all the commanders. The council also appointed Joshua Swynam, factor, and Joseph Darvall, writer, to receive the customs, and published the following advertisement. At the island of St Helena, this was to give notice that, pursuant to the honourable company's orders, all arrack landed on the island should pay to the Company one shilling per gallon custom, and all other goods, after the rate of 5 per cent on their value. If any goods were brought on shore without being first entered and the duty on them paid, they would be seized and confiscated to the Company. If any person discovered any goods that were run or landed without a permit, they would be entitled to the one third part of them for their information. Permits would be signed by the Governor or, in the Governor's absence, the Governor's directions, showing where the goods were to be placed and to whom the duty was to be paid. Attendance would be given every day, Sundays excepted, for landing goods, from 8 in the morning till 12 at noon. The advertisement was dated 25 April 1745 and published by order of council, signed by Christopher Dixon, secretary. Interpretations The council's decision to hold the ships to half their charter-party allowance rather than slaughter the breeding stock showed the board weighing its duty to victual the shipping against the longer preservation of the herd. The charter party fixed the beef each ship was entitled to draw, but the island's cattle stood too low to meet the whole demand of the expected fleet without killing the breeders on which future supply depended, so the council chose to give short measure to every ship rather than destroy the stock's capacity to renew itself. This was the standing dilemma of a victualling station whose herd was pressed by drought and hard seasons and by the numbers a wartime convoy brought. The revival of the customs duty rested on the council's search of the Company's old orders, tracing the imposition through four letters running back to 1717, so that the charge was grounded on the directors' standing instructions rather than on any fresh decision of the board. The duty of a shilling a gallon on arrack and five per cent on all other goods landed was a levy on the private trade the shipping brought to the island, distinct from the Company's own consigned supply, and the sending of copies to the commanders and the appointment of two officers to receive the customs marked the board putting a long-neglected order into effect. The care to fix the charge on the directors' own authority guarded the council against any dispute over its right to levy it. The advertisement set out the machinery of collection with the apparatus of a customs house, requiring goods to be entered and the duty paid before landing, on pain of seizure, and offering a third of any smuggled goods to whoever informed on them. This turning of the informer into an instrument of enforcement, rewarded with a share of the forfeiture, was the ordinary means by which a revenue was policed where officers were few, making every inhabitant a potential check on illicit landing. The fixing of permits, signed by the Governor and showing where the goods were to lie and to whom the duty fell, and of set hours for landing, gave the trade a regulated channel through which all goods had to pass, so that nothing could come ashore untaxed and the Company's due on the private commerce of the road could be secured.
537		534	The Govr Laid the following Report before us Vizt Gentlemen, I am Sorry to Acquaint You that the Market hath been for sometime on the Decline, which hath distressed many of Our Garrison, the Planters have withheld their Supplys of Yams to the Men, insomuch that We have been Obliged to take above 30 of them & feed them with the Companys Yams intended for their Slaves. This hath caused us to Enlarge our farm Plantations & when they are grown We shall be Able to furnish Yams for a Great Number of our men, Who have all along hitherto had them from the Planters & when by the New Additions We shall be Able to continue our Supplys, it is reasonable to do so, tho I have heard some of the Planters have murmured that it was hard upon them that the Company should raise any thing upon their Lands for Sale; Surely this is a most Unreasonable Complaint, & they themselves compell me to it, & Other Measures might be made of the Companys Slaves & Lands if Needs be Assured that the Planters Cod or would Afford Sufficient for the Demands of the Garrison Besides the Yams the Market hath been very Scantily Provided with fresh Meat there was so little at Market on Saturday last, I was forced to Order 60 pieces of Salt Pork out of the Small remains in the Store, & 20 pieces more were demanded & Wanting, upon the last Market days before, Salt Provision in Smaller Quantitys was Issued to be spent the Deficiency & our Present Stores are not Able to continue it any longer nor to give the Blacks the Little Allowance they have hitherto had Untill a fresh Supply Arrive By Your consent found I wrote to the Cape for some Slaves for our Garrison, but my she passed by the place, tho was Small disappointmt Ut	The Governor laid the following report before the council. Governor Dunbar reported with regret that the market had been in decline for some time, which had distressed many of the garrison. The planters had withheld their supplies of yams from the men, so much so that the council had been obliged to bake above 30 fanams worth of bread for them and feed them with the Company's yams intended for their store. This had led the council to enlarge its own yam plantations. Once these were grown, the council would be able to furnish yams to a great number of its men, who had all along until now drawn them from the planters. The Governor held that if the new additions allowed the council to keep up its own supply, it was reasonable to do so, though he was aware that some of the planters had complained that it was hard on them that the Company should raise anything on its own lands for sale. He judged this a most unreasonable complaint, since the planters themselves compelled the council to it. Other uses might be made of the Company's slaves and lands if the board could be assured that the planters could or would supply enough for the demands of the garrison. Besides the shortage of yams, the market had been very scantily provided with fresh meat. There was so little at market on Saturday that the Governor was forced to order 60 pieces of salt pork out of the small remains in the stores, and 20 pieces more were demanded and wanting. On the two market days before, salt provision in smaller quantity was issued to help out the deficiency. The present stores could not continue any longer, nor could the board give the slaves the little allowance they had until now drawn, until a fresh supply arrived. The Governor reported that, with the council's consent, a small quantity had been issued to the ships for some flour for the garrison, but that the ship had passed by the place, [...] which was a small disappointment. Interpretations The Governor's report set out a struggle for control of the island's food supply between the Company and the planters, who had withheld their yams from the garrison and so forced the board to feed the soldiers from its own stores. The remedy of enlarging the Company's yam plantations aimed to break the men's dependence on the planters, since a garrison fed from Company ground could not be pressed by growers withholding their crop. The planters' complaint that the Company should not raise produce for sale on its own lands turned on the same contest, the planters resenting a competitor whose entry into the market threatened the leverage their supply had given them, while the Governor held their own withholding to be the very cause that justified it. The distress of the market reflected the standing difficulty of feeding a garrison on a small and remote island, where fresh provision depended on the planters bringing yams and meat to the weekly market and the Company's own stores of salt provision were finite. Yams were the staple that fed the soldiers and the slaves alike, and a failure of that supply fell first on the men and then on the slaves, whose allowance the board now could not maintain. The issue of salt pork from the small remains in the stores to make up the shortage at market showed the establishment falling back on its reserves when the fresh supply failed, a resort that could not last once the stores ran low and no fresh lading had come in. The fanam named for the cost of the bread was a small coin of southern India, many going to the pagoda, its use here reflecting the Indian money in which the island's supply from the Coromandel coast was reckoned. The Governor's decision to enlarge the Company's plantations rather than simply compel the planters marked a choice to secure the garrison's food by the Company's own production, a course that would take a season to bear fruit but that promised to free the board from the planters' power to withhold. This turn toward growing the Company's own provision, against the settled practice of drawing it from the inhabitants, showed the board willing to bear the charge and delay of raising yams on its own ground rather than remain at the mercy of a market the planters could starve at will.
538		535	All these put together give a Melancholly Prospect, but all Such Apprehensions for the future may be prevented by a proper Representation to our directors who can with Ease Secure us against Want for the time to come & if they are putt upon the Necessity of doing so, then the Hoggs & Beeff Sent to Market by the Planters, Which for the first Year of the Market hath Amounted to more than 1500 lb paid in Ready Money, will hereafter Lye on their hands & be no Small Loss to them; I know of no Way to prevent it, but by letting them know our Intentions, that they may consult among themselves, Whether they can do any thing Certain to prevent Our Seeking a Recruit from home The Above was Ordered to be Sent to the Inhabitants for their Answer The Govr Also Laid the following before us Vizt There is Another Matter Worthy our Notice to the Court of Directors; 4 of their Ships passed by Last Year with our Stores tho they all came so near, as to Send their Boats onshore & lay Some Hours Off & On, You have all Seen no Longer since than Yesterday. how far we were Obliged to Send to Capt Polly in the Princess of Wales, for our Stores. Which very much Endanger our Men & Boats, this was the more remarkable, that that Ship Came so near Banck's as to talk to an Officer posted there & then Stood above 3 Leagues off to Leeward, & when the Boats went on board he only Sent part of the Stores, Alledging the Boats could not carry more, & at the same time just sent in for Others that he Withheld of ours. A representation of this particular will prevent any Such for the future You All know how Scanty any Liquors have been for time past, & the Small Quantity now Landed from Capt Polly will not Answer the Demand for two days. I know We have Order not to	All these matters together gave a melancholy prospect, but Governor Dunbar held that such fears for the future might be prevented by a proper representation to the ships' commanders, who could readily secure the island against want for the time to come. If they were put upon the necessity of doing so, then the yams and beef sent to market by the planters, which for the first year of the market had amounted to more than 1,500 pounds paid in yam money, would afterwards lie on their hands and be no small loss to them. The Governor knew of no way to prevent it but by letting the planters know the council's intentions, so that they might consult among themselves whether they could do anything certain to prevent the board seeking a fresh supply from time to time. The report was ordered to be sent to the inhabitants for their answer. The Governor also laid the following further report before the council. Governor Dunbar reported another matter worthy of the council's notice to the Court of Directors. Four of the Company's ships had passed by the previous year with the island's stores, though they all came so near as to send their boats on shore and lay some hours off and on. The council had all seen, no longer since than the previous day, how far it was obliged to send to Captain Polly in the Princess of Wales for the stores, which very much endangered its men and boats. This was the more remarkable, since that ship came so near Bank's as to talk to an officer posted there, and then stood above three leagues off to leeward. When the boats went on board, the captain only sent part of the stores, alleging the boats could not carry more, while at the same time he put more in for others that he withheld of the island's. The Governor held that a representation of this particular would prevent any such thing in the future. He reminded the council how scanty liquor had been for some time past, and that the small quantity now landed from Captain Polly would not answer the demand for ten days. He noted that the council had orders, as set out below. Interpretations The Governor's argument turned the planters' own interest against their withholding, reasoning that if the Company were driven to secure its own supply, the market the planters had built up, worth more than 1,500 pounds in its first year, would collapse and leave their produce unsold on their hands. By laying his intentions before the inhabitants and inviting them to consult among themselves, the Governor sought to bring them to a settled undertaking to supply the garrison rather than compel them by force, the threat of the Company growing its own provision serving as the lever to draw a firm engagement from the growers. This appeal to the planters' self-interest was a subtler instrument than command, aiming to make them choose reliable supply as the price of keeping their market. The complaint against the ships that passed the island with its consigned stores exposed a standing grievance of a settlement dependent on distant shipping for its supply. The stores the island needed were laden on the Company's homeward vessels, but a commander pressed for time or unwilling to stand in close might send only part ashore, or lie so far to leeward that the island's boats had to make a long and dangerous passage to reach him. The particular charge against Captain Polly, that he delivered only part of the island's stores while carrying goods for others, and pleaded want of room in the boats, showed how the settlement's supply lay at the mercy of a captain's willingness to serve it, the ship's own trade and convenience taking precedence over the island's need. The Governor's remedy in every case was a representation to the Court of Directors, the recording of each grievance so that the Company's authority in London might correct what the board on the island could not compel. A commander who slighted the settlement's stores answered ultimately to the directors, and a documented complaint carried to them was the settlement's only real check on the ships that passed. This reliance on written representation to a distant authority marked the limits of the council's power over the shipping, the board able to record and protest but not to compel a captain on the spot, so that the discipline of the Company's servants at sea rested on the account the island sent home.
539		536	to buy any thing from the Ships on the Companys Accot Without an Urgent Necessity; We have now an Opportunity of buying a few Leagers of Arrack from the Caesar being part of the Capts Priviledge. In any Opinion We should buy it for the Companys Servants Altho no Proffitt can be made of it at the first price but as no Loss can Accrue I dare be Answerable they will not be dissatisfyed by our Serving our Conveniancy without Prejudice to them & upon this I desire your Opinions & your Advice upon the Other Particulars abovementioned On Examining the Honourable Companys Instructions We find they have from time to time given positive Orders, that No Arrack or Other goods should be bought out of any Ships for the Companys Use except the Greatest Necessity Upon Which We Agreed not to Purchase any Untill We know What Supplys we shall have from India David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Twiling At a Consultation held on Tuesday 30 April 1745 at the Castle Present Colonel David Dunbar Governour Capt Charles Hutchinson Lieu Govr Christopher Dixon 3d John Goodwin 4th of Councill Matthew Twiling 5th The Last Consultation was read & Approved The	The council held orders not to buy anything from the ships on the Company's account without an urgent necessity. It now had an opportunity of buying a few leaguers of arrack from the Caesar, being part of the captain's privilege. The Governor gave his opinion that the council should buy it for the Company's servants, since, although no profit could be made of it at the first price, no loss could arise from it either. He held himself answerable that the servants would not be dissatisfied by the board serving its own convenience without prejudice to them, and on this he sought the council's opinion and its advice on the other particulars mentioned. On examining the honourable company's instructions, the council found that it had from time to time given positive orders that no arrack or other goods should be bought out of any ships for the Company's use, unless in the greatest necessity. On this it agreed not to purchase any until it knew what supplies it should have from India. The report was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Gurling. At a consultation held on Tuesday 30 April 1745 at the castle, the following were present: Colonel David Dunbar, Governor; Captain Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor; Christopher Dixon, third of council; John Godwin, fourth of council; and Matthew Purling, fifth of council. The last consultation was read and approved. Interpretations The question of buying arrack from the Caesar set the Governor's wish to relieve a present want against the Company's standing order not to purchase from its ships, and the council resolved it by holding to the directors' instruction rather than the immediate convenience. The arrack was part of the captain's privilege, the private trade a commander was allowed to carry on his own account alongside the Company's cargo, and though the Governor argued that buying it would bring no loss even if no gain, the board judged the directors' positive orders to bind it until the island's supply from India was known. This deference to a written instruction over a plausible local advantage marked the limits the council set on its own discretion where the Company had spoken plainly. The captain's privilege named here was a recognised part of a commander's remuneration, the allowance of cargo space in which he traded goods of his own for profit on the voyage. That the Caesar carried arrack as part of this privilege, now offered to the island, showed how the private trade of the Company's officers moved through the same channels as its own commerce, the settlement able to buy from a captain's stock as from any other supply. The council's reluctance to draw on it, save under the directors' exception for the greatest necessity, reflected the Company's concern to keep its servants' private dealings from becoming a charge on its own account. The board's decision to wait until it knew what supplies would come from India before buying showed the council reckoning its present want against the expected lading from the Company's Indian settlements, unwilling to lay out money on a chance purchase while a regular supply might be near. The arrack came from Batavia and the Coromandel coast in the ordinary course of the Company's trade, and the settlement's stores were replenished from that quarter, so that a purchase from a passing ship was a resort to be avoided while the annual supply was still to come. This holding back marked the standing tension between meeting a present shortage and trusting to the Company's own supply, the council choosing to endure a scanty stock of liquor rather than break an order whose purpose was to keep the settlement's provisioning within the Company's regular channels.
540		537	The Govr Laid the following Report before Us Vizt Gentlemen, I in part Agreed for the Arrack according on the 23d but as You Advised the not buying it for the Company I have taken it & put it into the Store on my own Account Where it Shall remain Whilst there is any of the Companys, of Which I intend to give an Account Besides Which I desire they may be Entred in our Consultations Since the publication for paying Dutys there are Sundry Cask landed of Arrack & for beginning I have paid the Duty of 1 Shillg P Gallr on the 4 Leagers landed from Capt Court & more Money will be paid in this day to Messrs Twynam & Darwall according to our Appointment Mr John Goodwin reported that He had been on board the Ship Caesar & Mustered her Company but founded a Downstore the following in the Muster Roll, Vizt Muster Roll of the Company of the Ship Caesar, vizt Mathew Court Commr Thos Taylor 1st Mate Robert Kiffin 2d Do Richard Allwright 3d Do Thos Pamflett 4th Do Peter Jackson 5th Do Francis Hanmer Surgn Charles Alger Gunnr Alexander Ross Boatn William Fernald Carpntr Thomas Sparrow Midshm Thomas Holgate Do William White Do John Jobson Do James Saunders Do James Smith Do John Kirkwood Quart Mastr Thomas Selby Do James Johnston Do Benjamin Holton Do John Nelson Cooper Thomas Watts Shipsteward Robert Forsyth Capt Cook Peter Roberts Sailmaker Patrick Brandon Armr John Haggis Landker Thomas Guy Capt Clerk John Sidley Ships Cook Lewis Martin Butcher Thomas Ireland Barber William Defoe Surgns Mate Augustine Curle Gunrs 2d Do John Fottiett Corporal Richard Cockney Carpr Mate Grand Sir Grant 2d Do Robert Haggis Coxswain Edward Sturges Seaman Andrew Westonburgh Do Lawrence Holman Do John Hunt Do William Bury Do James Robinson Do Richard	The Governor laid the following report before the council. Governor Dunbar reported that he had in part agreed for the arrack mentioned earlier, but as the council had advised against buying it for the Company, he had taken it and put it into the stores on his own account, where it should remain while there was any of the Company's, of which he intended to give an account. He desired besides that it might be entered in the consultation. Since the publication for paying duties, there were tets of cask landed of arrack, and to begin, he had paid the duty of one shilling per gallon on the 4 leaguers landed from Captain Court, and more money would be paid this day to Swynam and Darvall, according to the council's appointment. John Godwin reported that he had been on board the ship Caesar and mustered her company, but found no deserters, the following being the muster roll. The muster roll of the company of the ship Caesar was as follows. Matthew Court, commander Thomas Taylor, first mate Robert Kiffin, second mate Richard Allwright, third mate Thomas Camflett, fourth mate Peter Jackson, fifth mate Francis Hammer, surgeon Charles Allger, gunner Alexander Ross, boatswain William Fearnald, carpenter Thomas Spearman, midshipman Thomas Holgate, midshipman William Slater, midshipman John Jobson, midshipman James Saunders, midshipman James Smith, midshipman John Yockwood, quarter master Thomas Selby, quarter master James Johnston, quarter master Benjamin Holton, quarter master John Nelson, cooper Thomas Watts, ship's steward Robert Foresyth, captain's steward Peter Roberts, sailmaker Patrick Brandon, armourer John Haggis, caulker Thomas Guy, captain's cook John Idley, ship's clerk Lewis Martin, butcher Thomas Ireland, barber William Doffie, surgeon's mate Augustine Clarke, gunner's mate John Folliett, boatswain's mate Richard Lockney, carpenter's mate Grand Sir Grant, quarter master's mate Robert Haggis, caulker's mate Edward Sturges, seaman Andrew Wachenburgh, seaman Lawrence Holman, seaman John Hunt, seaman William Bury, seaman James Robinson, seaman Richard [carried to next page] Interpretations The Governor's handling of the arrack showed him respecting the council's decision while still securing the drink for the settlement, taking it into the stores on his own private account rather than the Company's, to be drawn on only when the Company's own stock was exhausted. His care to promise an account of it and to have the arrangement entered in the consultation record protected him against any later charge of trading for his own profit through the Company's stores, the entry standing as evidence that the arrack was held for the settlement's relief and not for his gain. This was a nice course between the board's refusal to buy and the real want of liquor, the Governor bearing the purchase himself so that the men should not go short. The prompt payment of the duty on the arrack landed from the Caesar marked the new customs regime coming into force at once, the Governor himself setting the example by entering his goods and paying the shilling a gallon to the appointed officers. This immediate compliance, on the very goods the board had just declined to buy, showed the council putting its revived levy into practice from the moment of its publication, the duty falling on all arrack landed whoever owned it, so that the imposition took effect as a working charge rather than remaining a paper order. The muster of the Caesar's company answered the standing concern of a victualling station over desertion, the island being a place where a seaman weary of a hard or dangerous voyage might slip ashore and hide among the inhabitants. Sending a councillor aboard to muster the crew against the ship's books, and recording that no deserters were found, gave the Company an assurance that the vessel would sail with her full complement and that none of her people had absconded onto the island. The full roll, from the commander through the mates, tradesmen and seamen, served as a record of who belonged to the ship, so that any man later found on the island could be checked against it, the muster being the ordinary instrument by which the settlement guarded against the loss of seamen from the shipping that called.
541		538	Richard Hughes Seaman James Davison Do John Davison Do William Davison Do Francis Buckley Do Thomas Rogers Do Thomas Knowler Do Andrew Logan Do James Read Do William Quin Do Matthew Barns Do John Ships Do John Chastity Do Lewis Wastal Do John Rook Do John Peterson Do John Hendrick Do Thomas Robinson Seaman Sybran Anderson Do Joseph Clarke Do George Ballendrie Do George March Do John Marshall Do John Smith Do John Norvell Do John Rowe Do Abraham Farwell Do John Pridgeon Do Samuell Pridgeon Do John Addams Do John Johnson Do Peter Roberts Do Michael Shay Do Edward Eager Do William Howse Seaman William Shay Do William Filark Do John Cornee Do Jonathan Court Do Henry Hawood 1st Mates Mate Joseph Bartlett Carpenters Mate Robert Moor Surgeons Do Edwd Freby Gunrs Do Richard Searchwell Boatswain Harman Symons Sailmaker Hendrick Soon Do Samuell Frider Do Clais Sansee Do Aron Stotle Do Thomas Foxley 2d Mates Mate Peter Wickman Seaman Wm Rowe, Chris Volonsky, Abraham Westenburgh, Lancelot Foxton, & John Thyne discharged from Bencoolen Captain Kerwan this day Sent in the following Letter Vizt Worshipfull Sir & Sirs I recd the Honr of Your Answr bearing date the 27 Instant, to my Letr of the 23d in relation to the Victualling the Honble Companys Ships; Wherein You setforth the low Condition of the Companys Stock & the Great Number of Ships You Expect this Year, Which You cannot Supply with more than half their Charterparty, & that You have Agreed to Spare me 12 lb of Beeff every Week Which is to Last me for two days, The Other five Sam to Expend out of my Sea Stock, Which You Agreed to replace out of the Companys Stores, I Imagine, it must be very Prejudicial to the Companys Affairs, the Common time of the Store Ships Arrivall	The muster roll of the ship Caesar continued. Richard Hughes, seaman James Davidson, seaman John Davidson, seaman William Davidson, seaman Francis Buckley, seaman Thomas Rogers, seaman Thomas Brewster, seaman Andrew Logan, seaman James Read, seaman William Quin, seaman Matthew Barns, seaman John Pheips, seaman John Chasely, seaman Lewis Wastal, seaman John Cook, seaman John Peterson, seaman John Hendrick, seaman Thomas Robinson, seaman Sybran Anderson, seaman Joseph Clerke, seaman George Wattendrie, seaman George March, seaman John Marshall, seaman John Smith, seaman John Hercutt, seaman John Rowe, seaman Abraham Pannell, seaman John Prdgeon, seaman Samuel Prdgeon, seaman John Addams, seaman John Johnson, seaman Peter Roberts, seaman Michael Shay, seaman Edward Eager, seaman William Howsex, seaman William May, seaman William Flack, seaman John Corne, seaman Jonathan Court, seaman Henry Hawood, first mate's steward Joseph Bartell, carpenter's steward Robert Moore, surgeon's second mate Edward Freby, gunner's mate Richard Searchwell, boatswain's mate Harman Symons, seaman Hendrick Scorn, seaman Samuel Frider, seaman Clais Sansee, seaman Aron Stotle, seaman Thomas Foxsley, second mate's steward Peter Wickman, seaman William Rowe, Christopher Vatowsky, Abraham Westenburgh, Lancelot Folson and John Thyne were discharged from Bencoolen. Captain Rowe this day sent the council the following letter, addressed to the worshipful Governor and council. The letter set out that he had received the honourable Governor's answer, dated 27 April, to his letter of 23 April concerning the victualling of the honourable company's ship. In it the Governor set out the low condition of the Company's stock and the great number of ships expected that year, which the council could not supply with more than half their charter party, and that it had agreed to spare 12 pounds of beef every week, which was to last him for two days, the other five days he was to expend out of his sea stock, which the council agreed to replace out of the Company's stores. Captain Rowe imagined it must be very prejudicial to the Company's affairs, the common time of the store ship's arrival as set out below. Interpretations The muster roll of the Caesar, running to the whole ship's company from the commander to the last seaman, gave the Company a complete record of who belonged to the vessel, against which any man later found on the island could be checked. The note that five named men had been discharged at Bencoolen showed the muster accounting not only for those aboard but for those who had left the ship at the Company's settlement on the Sumatra coast, so that the roll reconciled the present company with the crew that had sailed, and no absence could be mistaken for desertion at the island. The great length of the crew, above a hundred men, reflected the size of an East Indiaman and the numbers such a ship required to work and defend her on a long voyage through waters where enemy privateers and the ordinary perils of the sea demanded a full and various company. The many rates named, from the mates and midshipmen through the tradesmen, the stewards attending particular officers, and the mass of common seamen of several nations, marked the elaborate ordering of a great merchant vessel, each man entered under his station so that the whole complement stood recorded for the Company's satisfaction. Captain Rowe's letter reopened the same question of victualling that Captain Kirwan had raised, the commander reluctant to draw down his sea stores while lying at the island lest the store ship miscarry and leave him unsupplied. His concern that the arrangement must be prejudicial to the Company's affairs, turning on the uncertain time of the store ship's arrival, showed the standing anxiety of a commander who had to see his men fed the whole way home from what he carried, unwilling to spend his reserve on the chance that it could be replaced. The recurrence of this same difficulty from ship to ship marked the strain a wartime convoy placed on a victualling station whose stock could not meet the demand, every captain pressing the same case and the council obliged to weigh each against the fleet still expected.
542		539	Arrivall being Elapsed, its a Doubt, in this time of Trouble & Danger, Whether She Answers or not I av of late you have been obliged to break in upon the Stores to Victuall the Garrison, the Market not being Sufficient; If an Accident of this kind should happen (which God forbid) it will be very Difficult to replace any provisions when there is None to be had As the Honble Companys Interest ought and is my Guide I Shall make bold to propose to your Worships & Councill a Method Whereby all this Difficulty may be Removed & a great Saved to my Honble Masters Whose good You have no doubt at Heart Every price of Europe Beeff Costs the Honble Company two Shillings & Eleven pence, farthing Which with 2 lb of flour at Seven farthing the pound Makes it 3s.3d. The first Cost in England for five Mens Allowance every day. Now Sir Allowing the Honble Company have not a Sufficient Stock to Supply their Ships there is Beeff to be had from the Planters at the Usuall price of five pence a pound Which at Seven pounds for five men comes to no more than two Shillings & Eleven pence So that it Appears plainly We Save in our Masters Pocketts four pence half penny a day in Every five Mens Allowance besides the Benefit my people will receive in Eating fresh provisions, tho unthough they are not very Healthy have lived too long upon Salt Provisions, Where fresh might have been had Cheaper I Beg your Worships &c will favour me with an Answer and I am Worshipfull Sr & Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servt St Helena 30 April 1745 Signed Stephen Kirwan To the Worshipfull David Dunbar Esqr President & Govr &c Councill of St Helena To Which We returned the follg Answer, vizt Sr In Answer to the Letr of this day We acquaint You that We Cannot	The captain set out that, the common time of the store ship's arrival being past, it was a question, in this time of trouble and danger, whether she arrived or not, since of late the council had been obliged to break in upon its stores to victual the garrison, the market not being sufficient. If an accident of this kind should happen, which God forbid, it would be very difficult to replace any provisions when there was none to be had. Since the honourable company's interest ought and was ever his guide, he made bold to propose to the council a method whereby all this difficulty might be avoided, and every service done to the honourable masters, whose good the council had no doubt at heart. Every piece of European beef cost the honourable company two shillings and eleven pence and a farthing, which, with 3 pounds of flour at seven farthings the pound, made 3s 3.5d. The first cost in England was for five men's allowance a day. Allowing that the honourable company had not a sufficient stock to supply the ships, there was beef to be had from the planters at the retail price of fivepence a pound, which at seven pounds for five men came to no more than two shillings and eleven pence. So it appeared plainly that the council saved in its masters' pockets fourpence halfpenny a day in every five men's allowance, besides the benefit its people would receive in eating fresh provisions, who, although they were not very healthy, had lived too long upon salt provisions where fresh might have been had cheaper. He begged the council would favour him with an answer. The letter was dated at St Helena, 30 April 1745, and signed by Stephen Kirwan, addressed to the worshipful David Dunbar, Governor, and the council. To this the council returned the following answer, addressed to the captain. The council set out that, in answer to his letter of this day, it acquainted him that it could not, as set out below. Interpretations The captain's proposal turned a plea for provisions into a costed argument that the Company would save money by having its ships victualled from fresh beef bought of the planters rather than from the salted European beef in the ships' stores. By reckoning the exact cost of a piece of European beef and flour against the retail price of fresh meat on the island, he showed that fresh provision came cheaper by fourpence halfpenny a day for every five men, so that the Company's interest and the men's health pointed the same way. This was a shrewd inversion of the usual appeal, the commander arguing not merely his own want but the Company's advantage, framing the request as a service to the masters rather than a charge upon them. The comparison rested on the difference between the first cost of provisions laid in at England and the price of fresh meat at the island, a difference that could favour buying locally where the market could supply it. The European beef was the salted meat provided for the whole voyage, costed at its English purchase price, while the island's planters sold fresh beef by the pound at a retail rate, so that a ship lying at the settlement might be fed more cheaply and more wholesomely from the market than from her own casks, if only the market could furnish enough. The captain's figures made the case that it could, at least for his ship, turning the question from whether the island could spare its stock to whether it would draw on the planters instead. The argument that his men had lived too long on salt provisions and would benefit from fresh meat touched a real concern of long voyages, where a diet of salted meat bred the scurvy and other sickness that fresh provision relieved. The health of a ship's company was a matter of the Company's interest as well as the men's, since a sickly crew endangered the voyage and the cargo, so the captain joined the men's welfare to the Company's economy in pressing his case. Yet the council's difficulty remained that the market itself was failing, the planters withholding their supply and the island's own stock too low to meet the demand, so that the captain's neat calculation, however sound in principle, ran against the plain shortage the board faced, and its answer, still to come, would have to weigh his reasoning against the want that no reckoning could remove.
543		540	Cannot do more than We proposed in our former and are still of Opinion that that will be a very Sufficient refreshment for your people who you have told us are very healthy We are Surprized you should make any doubt of the Supply We promised you of Salt Provisions When it does no Ways depend on any Ships Arrivall Your Computation of the Expence of Salt & fresh provisions may be right but We will not take it upon us to Advise you to purchase fresh at that rate on the Contrary if our Convent is Necessary, We cannot give it The Planters this day deliv in their proposals in Relation to the Cabbage tree Lands Which they Lease of the Honble Company, Vizt Whereas the Worshipfull the Governour having Signified to us the Inhabitants of this Island St Helena, that his predecessors have Lett all the Wooded Lands called Cabbage Trees & thereby the Honble Company are at a Constant Charge in Buying Such Sort of Wood for Binding, Such as Rafters & Laths, And the Govr hath absolute lie that at the Expiration of Such Leases for Cabbage Tree Lands They would not Grant any more Leases without first knowing such Proportions of the said Wood as would prevent that Expence to the Honble Company We therefore Whose Names are hereunto Subscribed do Consent & Agree to furnish the Honble Company Alternately with Such Wood as peices for Rafters & Laths at any time as they Shall have Occasion for the Use abovementioned in Proportion to the Wood We have growing on the said Lands And We humbly hope Care Assured that We Shall at any time be indulged with Such peices of Wood for Building out of their Great Wood as we shall have Occasion for Such as Joist peices for Door & Window Cases. St Helena 15 April 1745 Signed John Goodwin	The council set out that it could not do more than it had proposed in its former letter, and that it was still of opinion that this would be a very sufficient refreshment for his people, who, as he had told the council, were very healthy. The council was surprised that he should make any doubt of the supply it had promised him of salt provisions, since that did not in any way depend on any ship's arrival. His computation of the expense of salt and fresh provisions might be right, but the council would not take it upon itself to advise him to purchase fresh at that rate. On the contrary, if its consent was necessary, it could not give it. The planters this day delivered in their proposals concerning the cabbage tree lands which they leased of the honourable company, as follows. The planters set out that the worshipful Governor had signified to the inhabitants of the island that his predecessors had let all the wooded lands called cabbage trees, and that the honourable company were thereby at a constant charge in buying such sort of wood for building, such as rafters and laths. The Governor had also told the inhabitants that at the expiry of the leases for cabbage tree lands, he would not grant any more leases without first knowing such proportion of the wood as would prevent that expense to the honourable company. The planters therefore, whose names were subscribed, consented and agreed to furnish the honourable company in turn with such wood as pieces for rafters and laths at any time as they should have occasion for the use mentioned, in proportion to the wood they had growing on the lands. They humbly hoped they might be assured that they should at any time be allowed such pieces of wood for building out of the Company's great wood as they should have occasion for, such as joist pieces for door and window cases. The proposal was dated at St Helena, 15 April 1745, and signed by John Godwin, as set out below. Interpretations The council's final answer to Captain Kirwan held firm against his costed argument, refusing to advise or consent to his buying fresh beef of the planters however sound his reckoning, while assuring him that the promised salt provision did not depend on the store ship and would not fail. The board drew a clear line between what it would supply from its own stores, which it could guarantee, and what it would not sanction him to purchase on the open market, which it would not, so that the captain's neat calculation was met not by dispute over the figures but by a plain refusal to take responsibility for a course the council would not own. This marked the limit of the board's accommodation, willing to victual within its own means but unwilling to license a commander's private dealings with the planters at the Company's charge. The planters' proposal on the cabbage tree lands answered the Governor's pressure over the island's timber, offering a settled arrangement by which the leaseholders would furnish rafters and laths from the wood on their grounds in proportion to what grew there. This addressed the Company's standing grievance that it was at constant charge buying building wood, the very rafters and laths the treasury accounts show it purchasing, because the wooded lands had been let to planters who took the timber for themselves. By binding the holders to supply such wood in turn, the proposal sought to relieve the Company of that expense while preserving the planters' tenure, a bargain struck under the Governor's threat to withhold future leases unless the wood were reserved. The planters' request in return, that they might draw building timber from the Company's own great wood for their door and window cases, showed the exchange running both ways, the inhabitants seeking access to the Company's reserved timber as the price of furnishing their own. The great wood was the stand of timber the Company kept in hand, and the joist pieces the planters wanted were the worked lengths a builder needed that their own smaller growth could not supply. This mutual accommodation, the planters yielding rafters and laths and asking joist pieces in exchange, marked an attempt to settle the long contest over the island's scarce wood by a division of supply, each side furnishing what the other lacked, so that the timber of the island might serve both the Company's building and the planters' without the constant purchase that had burdened the account.
544		541	Thomas Greentree Matthew Twiling Joshua Worrall Richard Beale Gabriel Harper John Bagley John Desfountain Francis Wrangham Joseph Whaley Sen Joseph Desfountain Robert Wright John Dovcton Mathew Twiling James Powell Samuel Dovcton for the Orphans of Richard Beale John Bazett deceased Thomas Greentree for James Ryder's Orphans Francis Wrangham for the Orphans John Goodwin of Charles Steward Gabriel Harper for the Orphans of Thomas Greentree Joseph Harding This day paid for the following Particulars bought for the Use of the Generall Table, Vizt 20 doz Wine at 24s P doz£ 24 0 0 6 Loaves of Sugar£ 1 18 0 6 China Bowles£ 1 6 0 4 1/2 doz Soup plates at 20s P doz£ 4 10 0 1 doz Knives & forks£ 1 6 0 Medicines dd the Surgeons£ 3 12 4 £ 36 12 4 We this day Executed the four following Leases, vizt Island St Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies do hereby demise Grant Sett & to Farm Sett	The proposal was signed by Thomas Greentree, Matthew Purling, Joshua Worrall, Richard Beale, Gabriel Harper, John Bagley, John Desfountain, Francis Wrangham, Joseph Whaley junior, Joseph Desfountain, Robert Wright, John Doveton, and, for the orphans of John Bazett deceased, Matthew Purling, Samuel Doveton and Richard Beale; for James Ryder's orphans, Thomas Greentree; for the orphans of Charles Steward, Francis Wrangham and John Godwin; and for the orphans of Joseph Harding, Gabriel Harper and Thomas Greentree. The council this day paid for the following particulars bought for the use of the general table. 20 dozen wine at 24s per dozen: £24 0s 0d 6 loaves of sugar: £1 18s 0d 6 china bowls: £1 6s 0d 4.5 dozen soup plates at 20s per dozen: £4 10s 0d 1 dozen knives and forks: £1 6s 0d Medicines to the surgeons: £3 12s 4d Total: £36 12s 4d The council this day executed the four following leases. At the island of St Helena, the lords proprietors of the island, the honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, granted, set and to farm let as set out below. Interpretations The list of subscribers to the timber proposal showed the whole body of the island's substantial planters bound to the agreement, several of them signing not only for themselves but as trustees for the orphans of deceased holders whose lands they administered. The recurrence of the same names, Purling, Beale, Harper, Greentree, Doveton and others, as principals and as guardians of children's estates, marked how the island's land was concentrated in a small circle who held ground both in their own right and on behalf of the young heirs of the dead, so that an undertaking to furnish the Company's wood ran across nearly the whole of the settled land at once. The care to record the trustees signing for named orphans, the children of Bazett, Ryder, Steward and Harding, tied the timber agreement to the same lands held in trust that the leases earlier in the run had secured for those children. A guardian who bound an orphan's estate to furnish wood engaged the ground the child would inherit, so that the obligation held whoever presently managed it, and the naming of each set of orphans and their trustees fixed the agreement on those estates as firmly as on the planters' own, the wood of the children's lands being pledged along with the rest. The purchases for the general table, the wine bought by the score of dozens, the loaf sugar, the china and the knives and forks, showed the council furnishing the establishment's table from goods landed by the shipping, the medicines to the surgeons entered among them marking the supply of the island's own medical wants from the same source. This drawing of the table's furniture and the surgeons' stock from passing ships reflected the settlement's dependence on the shipping for all it could not produce, the council buying such goods as the road offered when a fleet lay in, so that the establishment might be provided against the long intervals when no vessel called.
545		542	Unto William Seale Planter All that peice or Parcell of Land Containing 16 Acres & 3/4, Nine Acres thereof Butting & Bounding North upon the Lands of William Burnham West & South late in the posession of Frances Seal Widow decd & East upon the Honble Companys Wast Land the Other 7 Acres & 3/4 Butting & Bounding towards the North & next adjoyning to & Upon the Land late in the posession of William Seale decd towards the South upon the Land formerly in the posession of John Kirfe Senr deceased towards the West upon the Gumwood Land Late in the posession of Roger Bazett Widow decd & towards the East upon the said Honble Compas Wast Land All in the East Division of the said Island To have and to hold the said hereby demised Parcell of Land & Every part and Parcell thereof together with all & Singular the Wood, Water, Watercourses Houses Buildings Edifices Sheds Tenements Yams & plantations of Yams Fruit Trees Walls fences & all Other & Singular the Rights & Comoditys to them & Each & Every of them belonging or Appertaining unto him the said William Seale his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for & during All the Space & Term of Twenty One years from thence next Ensueing Upon Condition That he the said William Seale his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall & do bear true faith & Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs & Successors & true faith to them the said Honble Company & their Successors & Shall duely Observe & Obey All the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island And Upon Condition Also that he the said Wm Seale his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall and do from time to time & at all times hereafter during the Term of this Lease keep up & Maintain in Good Order & Sufficient & Legall Repair All Such Buildings houses Edifices Sheds Tenements Plantations & fences as now are or hereafter Shall be made built Or	The council granted, set and to farm let to William Seale, planter, all that parcel of land containing 16 acres and a half. Nine acres of it were bounded on the north by the lands of William Burnham, on the west and south by land late in the possession of Frances Seal, widow, deceased, and on the east by the honourable company's waste land. The other 7 acres and a half were bounded on the north, and next adjoining and upon the land late in the possession of William Seale deceased, on the south by land formerly in the possession of John Knipe senior deceased, on the west by the gumwood land late in the possession of Frances Bazett, widow, deceased, and on the east by the honourable company's waste land, all in the east division of the island. William Seale, together with his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, was to hold the parcel and every part of it, with all the wood, water, watercourses, houses, buildings, offices, sheds, tenements, yams, plantations of yams, fruit trees, walls, fences and all other rights and commodities belonging to them, from the date of these presents for a term of twenty-one years. This was on condition that he and his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns should bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the honourable company and their successors, and should observe and obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. On a further condition, Seale and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were to keep up and maintain in good order and sufficient and legal repair all the buildings, houses, offices, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards built. Interpretations The lease conveyed a holding made up of two separate parcels of unequal size, each bounded by its own set of neighbours, the whole taken together as one grant to William Seale for the standard term at the usual obligations. This joining of two pieces under a single deed showed the way a planter's holding was assembled from ground lying in more than one place, the lease describing each parcel by its abutments so that the identity of both was fixed though they did not adjoin, the two together making up the sixteen and a half acres conveyed. The bounds traced the recent history of the land through the names of the dead who had lately held the neighbouring ground, Frances Seal, William Seale, John Knipe and Frances Bazett all described as deceased, marking a district where much of the land had passed within a generation and the memory of former holders served to fix the present boundaries. This reliance on the names of the recently dead to describe a parcel answered a settlement without formal survey, where the ground was known by who had held it, and it showed the close connection of the holdings, the several Seales and the Bazett land lying together in the east division. The full recital of appurtenances, the wood, water and watercourses, the buildings and sheds, the growing yams and their plantations, marked the grant of a developed holding complete with its improvements rather than raw ground, so that the tenant took a working farm with its crops and structures. The binding of the holder to keep all in good and legal repair protected the Company's reversion, ensuring that the ground came back at the term's end neither stripped nor decayed, the same care for the preservation of the land's fabric and growth that ran through every lease of the season.
546		543	Erected thereon & Shall moreover plant keep up maintain & preserve in & Upon the said hereby demised Parcell of Land its full quantity or Proportion of Wood being One tenth part of the said Parcell of Land & Shall Likewise plant & preserve furze within side & without the fences of the said Parcell of Land & Shall plant fruit Trees Such as Apple Lemon Mulberry or Peach Trees in such parts thereof as they are most Likely to grow And as they shall happen to decay or dye shall replant Others of the like Sorts thereon without hurt or prejudice Nevertheless to any part of Such Land as shall be sett apart for the Sole purpose of Planting & raising of Yams Yeilding & paying therefore Yearly & Every Year during the Term of this present Lease unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Sum of five Shillings P Acre in at or Upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Arch Angell Yearly & Upon further Condition That He the said William Seale his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall not Alter or remove the said fences they being the Limitts or Land Marks of the Parcell of Land aforesaid And shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave and Consent of the Govr & Councill for the time being In Witness Whereof We the said Govr & Councill have Sett our hands & Affixed the Honble Companys Seal This Thirtieth day of April in the 17th Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Second by the Grace of God of Great Brittain France & Ireland King Defender of the Faith & so forth And in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven hundred & forty five And the said William Seale to the Other part hath Sett his hand & Seal the day & Year abovewritten Signed David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Twiling	The tenant was to plant, keep up, maintain and preserve on the parcel the full quantity or proportion of wood, being one tenth part of the land. He was likewise to plant and preserve furze within and along the fences, and to plant fruit trees such as apple, lemon, mulberry or peach in such parts as were most likely to grow, replacing any that decayed or died with others of the like kind, without harm or prejudice to any part of the land set apart for the sole purpose of planting and raising yams. For this, William Seale and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were to pay yearly throughout the term the sum of five shillings an acre, at or upon the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. On a further condition, Seale and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were not to alter or remove the fences, which marked the limits and land marks of the parcel, and were not to sell or dispose of the lease or their interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council of the day. The Governor and council confirmed this by affixing the honourable company's seal on 30 April, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the sovereign lord King George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and in the year 1745. William Seale signed the counterpart and set his hand and seal on the same day and year. The lease was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Matthew Purling. Interpretations The planting covenants bound the tenant to establish and keep up particular useful growth as well as to preserve the standing wood at a fixed tenth of the ground, the gorse along the fences serving for fuel and stock-proof hedging and the orchard trees of named kinds adding to the island's provisions. This detailed prescription, imposed uniformly across the season's leases, reflected the standing effort to remedy St Helena's chronic shortage of wood and to improve the yield of its ground, the council directing the specific character of the cultivation rather than leaving it to the holder. The reservation of the ground given over to yams from these planting duties marked the priority the board placed on the island's staple food crop, the very supply whose failure at market the Governor had just laid before the council. Protecting the yam ground from encroachment by the obligation to plant trees showed the board's care to preserve the crop the settlement depended on for subsistence, the more pointed at a moment when the shortage of yams had driven the men to the Company's own stores. The bar on altering or removing the fences and the requirement of the council's consent to any assignment kept both the extent and the ownership of the parcel under the board's continuing control, the fences serving at once as stock enclosures and as the land marks defining the boundaries. Sealed on 30 April, this lease closed the run of grants the council had worked through that day, the whole set on the settled framework of rent, term and obligation, and tied to the timber agreement the planters had just subscribed, so that the reservation of wood ran alike through the leases and the separate undertaking the inhabitants had given.
547		544	Saint Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island The Honourable the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies Do hereby give grant Sett & to Farm Sett unto James Greentree All that peice or Parcell of Gumwood Land Containing 37 Acres Scituate Lying & being in Sandy Bay Butting & Bounding South on the Land of John Twaites West on the Land of Thomas Greentree North on Colewiork & East on the Land of John Worrall Together with All Ways Waters Watercourses Tenemts Buildings fences Rights & profitts And All & Singular the Appurtenances To have & To hold the said hereby demised Premises & Every part & Parcel thereof And all and Singular the Appurtenances thereunto belonging unto him the said James Greentree his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date of these presents for & during the full Term of Twenty One Years from thence next Ensueing Upon Condition Also that he the said James Greentree his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall & do bear true faith & Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord George the Second his Heirs & Successors & true faith to them the said Honble Company & their Successors & Shall duely Observe & Obey All the Laws & Constitutions of the said Island And Upon Condition Also that he the said James Greentree his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall & do from time to time & at all times hereafter during the Term of this Lease keep up & Maintain in Good & Sufficient repair All Such Buildings houses Edifices Sheds Tenements plantations & fences as now are or hereafter Shall be made built or Erected thereon & Shall Moreover plant keep up Maintain	At the island of St Helena, the lords proprietors of the island, the honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, granted, set and to farm let to James Greentree all that parcel of gumwood land containing 37 acres, lying in Sandy Bay. It was bounded on the south by the land of John Twaites, on the west by the land of Thomas Greentree, on the north by Coles Rock, and on the east by the land of John Worrall, together with all ways, waters, watercourses, buildings, fences, rights and profits. James Greentree, together with his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, was to hold the parcel and every part of it, with all its appurtenances, from the date of these presents for a term of twenty-one years. This was on condition that he and his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns should bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the honourable company and their successors, and should observe and obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. On a further condition, Greentree and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were to keep up and maintain in good and sufficient repair all the buildings, houses, offices, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards built, and were also to plant, keep up and maintain the wood as set out below. Interpretations The grant was of a substantial parcel of gumwood land, 37 acres in Sandy Bay, ground carrying the endemic gumwood trees whose timber the council was anxious to preserve, and it was let on the same terms and obligations the board attached to its other wooded grants of the season. The naming of the parcel as gumwood land, and the covenant to plant and maintain the wood that followed, tied this lease directly to the timber agreement the planters had just subscribed, the reservation of a proportion of wood on such lands being the very point at issue in that undertaking. The bounds fixed the parcel by the holdings of neighbouring planters and by a natural feature, the land of two Greentrees, of John Twaites and of John Worrall on three sides and Coles Rock on the north, the same reliance on abutting owners and landmarks by which the island's parcels were ordinarily described. That the ground lay between the holdings of Thomas Greentree and James Greentree, both of the same name, showed the concentration of a family's land in one quarter of Sandy Bay, the several parcels of the kindred lying together so that a grant to one was bounded by the ground of another. The full recital of ways, waters, watercourses, buildings and fences conveyed a working holding with its improvements rather than bare ground, and the binding of the tenant to keep all in good repair protected the Company's reversion. This grant, one of the four executed that day, continued the council's steady letting of its Sandy Bay lands under the settled framework of tenure, the reservation of wood woven through the lease as through the planters' separate agreement, so that the island's scarce timber was secured alike by the covenants of the deed and by the general undertaking the inhabitants had given.
548		545	Preserve in & Upon the said hereby demised Parcell of Land its full quantity or proportion of Wood being One tenth part of the said Parcell of Land & Shall Likewise plant & preserve furze within side & Without side the said fences of the said Parcell of Land & Shall Plant fruit Trees Such as Apple Lemon Mulberry or Peach Trees in such part thereof Wherein they are most Likely to Grow And as they shall happen to decay or dye Shall replant Others of the like Sorts thereon without prejudice Nevertheless to such part of the said Land as shall be sett apart for the sole purpose of planting & raising of Yams Yeilding & Paying therefore Yearly & Every Year during the Term of this present Lease unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Sum of five Shillings P Acre in at or Upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Archangell Yearly And Upon further Condition That he the said James Greentree his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall not Alter or remove the said fences they being the Limitts or Land Marks of the Parcel of Land aforesaid And Shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or Interest therein without the Leave and Consent of the Govr & Councill for the time being In Witness Whereof We the Governour & Councill have Sett our hands & Affixed the Honble Companys Seal in Saint Helena aforesaid this 30th day of April in the 17 Year of the reign of our said Sovereign Lord George the Second by the Grace of God of Great Brittain France & Ireland King Defender of the faith & so forth And in the Year of our Lord 1745 And he the said James Greentree to the Other part hath Sett his hand & Seal the day & Year above Written Signed David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Twiling	The tenant was to plant and preserve on the parcel the full quantity or proportion of wood, being one tenth part of the land. He was likewise to plant and preserve furze within and along the fences, and to plant fruit trees such as apple, lemon, mulberry or peach in such parts as were most likely to grow, replacing any that decayed or died with others of the like kind, without prejudice to any part of the land set apart for the sole purpose of planting and raising yams. For this, James Greentree and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were to pay yearly throughout the term the sum of five shillings an acre, at or upon the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. On a further condition, Greentree and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were not to alter or remove the fences, which marked the limits and land marks of the parcel, and were not to sell or dispose of the lease or their interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council of the day. The Governor and council confirmed this by affixing the honourable company's seal at St Helena on 30 April, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the sovereign lord King George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and in the year 1745. James Greentree signed the counterpart and set his hand and seal on the same day and year. The lease was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Matthew Purling. Interpretations The planting covenants on this Sandy Bay parcel matched those imposed across the season's leases, binding the tenant to preserve the standing wood at a fixed tenth of the ground and to establish gorse along the fences and orchard trees of named kinds, with any that failed to be replaced. The uniformity of these obligations, repeated from grant to grant, showed the council applying a settled policy of cultivation to every parcel it let, the island's want of timber and the value of its fruit and fuel alike written into the terms of each deed. The reservation of the yam ground from these planting duties marked once again the priority the board placed on the island's staple crop, protecting the ground the settlement depended on for subsistence from encroachment by the obligation to plant trees. This care ran through the whole run of the season's leases and carried a particular weight at a moment when the failure of the yam supply at market had lately driven the garrison to the Company's own stores, the board's standing concern for the crop matching the crisis the Governor had just laid before it. The bar on altering or removing the fences and the requirement of the council's consent to any assignment kept both the extent and the ownership of the parcel under the board's continuing control, the fences serving at once as stock enclosures and as the land marks of the boundaries. Sealed on 30 April with the other grants of that day, this lease set a substantial Sandy Bay holding within the settled framework of tenure, its reservation of wood answering to the timber agreement the planters had subscribed, so that the preservation of the island's scarce timber was secured alike through the covenants of the deed and the general undertaking of the inhabitants.
549		546	Island Saint Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island The Honble United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies Do hereby demise Grant Sett & to Farm Lett unto Richard Beale & Samuell Alexander Exors of John Alexander deceased All that peice or Parcell of Land containing Six Acres more or less Scituate Lying & being in Sandy Bay Bounding North part on Twenty Acres of Slave Land Called Gargen's belonging to the Estate of the said John Alexander the part on ten Acres of free Land in the posession of the said Samuell Alexander & South East & West on the Honble Companys Wast Land With All & Singular the Waters Watercourses profitts & Appurtenances thereunto belonging To have & to hold the said Six Acres of Land & premises and Every part & Parcell thereof with their & Every of their Appts unto the said Richard Beale & Samuell Alexander their Exors Admors & Assigns from the day of the date of these presents for & during Unto the full End & Term of Twenty One Years to Thence next Ensueing & fully to be Compleat & Ended In Trust Nevertheless & to the Use of the Children of the said John Alexander his Heirs & Assigns Upon Condition that They the said Children & Every of them do & Shall bear true faith and Allegiance unto our Sovereign Lord George the Second King of Great Brittain &c his Heirs & Successors & true faith to them the said the said Honble Company & their Successors & do & Shall duely Obey & keep All the Laws & Constitutions of the said Island And Upon further Condition That they the said Richard Beale & Samuell Alexander their Exors & Assigns do & Shall keep up & Maintain in good & Sufficient repair All & Singular the fences to the said Land & the full Quantity of Wood & Shall Also	At the island of St Helena, the lords proprietors of the island, the honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, granted, set and to farm let to Richard Beale and Samuel Alexander, executors of John Alexander deceased, all that parcel of land containing six acres, more or less, lying in Sandy Bay. It was bounded on the north, part by twenty acres of lease land called Garden's, belonging to the estate of John Alexander, and part by ten acres of free land in the possession of Samuel Alexander, and on the south, east and west by the honourable company's waste land, together with all the waters, watercourses, profits and appurtenances belonging to it. Richard Beale and Samuel Alexander, together with their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, were to hold the six acres and every part of them, with their appurtenances, from the date of these presents for the full term of twenty-one years, but in trust for the children of John Alexander deceased. This was on condition that the children, and each of them, should bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George the Second, King of Great Britain, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the honourable company and their successors, and should obey and keep all the laws and constitutions of the island. On a further condition, Richard Beale and Samuel Alexander, with their executors and assigns, were to keep up and maintain in good and sufficient repair all the fences of the land and the full quantity of wood, as set out below. Interpretations The lease was granted to two executors who took the land in trust for the children of the deceased, so that the term ran for the benefit of the young heirs while the named trustees managed it and answered to the Company for the covenants. This was the same device used in the Gurling and Bazett grants earlier in the run, keeping an estate intact for minors who could not yet hold or administer land themselves, one of the trustees being Samuel Alexander, who held neighbouring ground in his own right and so joined a personal interest in the district to his charge as guardian of the children's land. The bounds tied the parcel to the wider Alexander estate, describing its northern neighbours as lease land called Garden's belonging to the estate and free land held by Samuel Alexander, so that the six acres granted in trust lay against both the leasehold and freehold ground of the same family. This showed the mingling of tenures within a single holding, the distinction between the twenty acres of lease land and the ten acres of free land marking that a planter's estate might combine ground held of the Company for a term with land owned outright, the new trust parcel adjoining both. The parcel lay otherwise within the Company's waste land on three sides, marking it as ground carved from unallocated territory rather than pressed against other planters' holdings, and the covenant to preserve the fences and the full quantity of wood tied it to the same concern for the island's timber that ran through the season's grants. The trust for the Alexander children, like the trusts for the Gurling and Bazett orphans, secured a deceased planter's ground for his heirs through the executors named in his will, the same small circle of substantial men appearing again as trustees, holding land in their own right and administering the estates of the dead across the settled ground of the island.
550		547	plant fruit Trees & furze in the places where they are most Likely to grow & Shall Maintain & keep up the same Yeilding & Paying therefore Yearly & Every Year unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the sum of five Shillings P Acre at or upon the feast day of Saint Michael the Archangell in Each Year And Upon further Condition That they the said Richard Beale & Samuell Alexander their Heirs Exors Admors or Assigns Shall not Sell or dispose of this Lease or their Interest therein Without the Consent of the Govr & Councill for the time being In Witness Whereof We the said Govr & Councill have hereunto Sett our hands & Affixed the Honble Companys Seal This Thirtieth day of April in the 17 Year of the reign of our said Sovereign Lord George the Second by the Grace of God of Great Brittain France & Ireland King Defender of the Faith & so forth And in the Year of our Lord 1745 And the said Richard Beale & Samuell Alexander have to the Other Part as Exors aforesaid Sett their hands & Seals the day & Year abovewritten. Signed David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Twiling Island Saint Helena The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honourable United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies Do hereby demise Grant Leave Sett & to Farm Sett unto Benjamin Seale of the said Island Planter All that peice or parcell of Land Containing 16 3/4 Acres Nine Acres & Three Quarters Whereof Lying in Prosperous Bay Killing	The tenants were to plant fruit trees and furze in the places where they were most likely to grow, and were to maintain and keep up the same. For this, Richard Beale and Samuel Alexander were to pay yearly to the honourable company the sum of five shillings an acre, at or upon the feast day of Saint Michael the Archangel in each year. On a further condition, Richard Beale and Samuel Alexander, with their heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, were not to sell or dispose of the lease or their interest in it without the consent of the Governor and council of the day. The Governor and council confirmed this by affixing the honourable company's seal on 30 April, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the sovereign lord King George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and in the year 1745. Richard Beale and Samuel Alexander, as executors, signed the counterpart and set their hands and seals on the same day and year. The lease was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Matthew Purling. At the island of St Helena, the lords proprietors of the island, the honourable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, granted, set and to farm let to Benjamin Seale, planter, all that parcel of land containing 16 acres and three quarters. Seven acres and three quarters of it lay in Shark's Valley, as set out below. Interpretations The closing terms of the Alexander trust lease bound the executors to the planting and repair covenants and reserved to the council its consent over any assignment, the same protections the board attached to every grant to keep both the condition of the land and the choice of holder in its own hands. Sealed on 30 April with the other grants of that day, this deed completed the run of four leases the council had executed together, each set on the settled framework of rent, term and obligation, the trust for the Alexander children distinguishing it from an ordinary planter's lease as the Gurling and Bazett trusts had distinguished theirs. The signing of the counterpart by Richard Beale and Samuel Alexander as executors, rather than in their own right, marked the particular character of a trust lease, the men setting their hands to the deed not as tenants taking land for themselves but as guardians answerable for the children's estate. This distinction, carried through to the subscription, showed the care with which the arrangement was recorded, the trustees bound by the covenants while the beneficial interest lay with the heirs, so that the deed itself preserved the difference between those who held and those for whom the land was held. The opening of a fresh grant to Benjamin Seale at the foot of the page continued the council's letting of its lands, the parcel in Shark's Valley being one of several holdings made up of pieces lying in more than one place. This steady procession of grants, the trust leases for the orphans of the dead set among the ordinary lets to living planters, marked the close of the season's land business, the board working through the whole range of its tenures, whether held in trust or in a planter's own right, each parcel passing under a deed in the same form and every grant sealed alike, so that the island's land, held almost wholly of the Company, was ordered under a single settled system of tenure.
551		548	Butting & Bounding towards the North & next Adjoyning to & Upon the Lands Late in posession of Wm Seale deceased Toward the South upon the Lands formerly in the posession of John Kirfe decd towards the West Upon the Gumwood Lands taken the posession of Bridget Bazett Widow decd & towards the East upon the said Honble Companys Wast Land & the Other Eight Acres and an half Lying in Fishers Valley butting & bounding towards the North on the Ridge & Head of Sooking Ground & the pastures & Lands late in the posession of Isaac Wood towards the South on Lands late in posession of said Wm Seale decd towards the East upon Lands late in the posession of Robert Bell decd formerly Bellwards & towards the West Upon the Leave Lands of the said Robert Bell All in the East Division of the said Island To have & to hold the said hereby demised Parcell of Land & Every part & Parcell thereof together with all & Singular the Wood Water Watercourses Houses Buildings Edifices Sheds Tenements Yams & Plantation of Yams Fruit Trees Walls fences & All Other & Singular the Rights & Comoditys to them & Each & Every of them belonging or Appertaining unto him the said Benjamin Seale his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns from the day of the date hereof for & during All the Space & Term of 21 Years from thence next Ensueing Upon Condition That he the said Benjamin Seale his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall & do bear true Faith & Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs & Successors & true faith to them the said Honble Company & their Successors And shall duely Observe & Obey All the Laws & Constitutions of the said Island & Upon Condition Also that he the said Benjamin Seale his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall & do from time to time & at all times hereafter during the Term of this Lease keep up & Maintain in Good Order & Sufficient & Legal Repair All Such Buildings houses Edifices Sheds Tenements Plantations & fences as now are or hereafter Shall be made built or Erected thereon & Shall moreover plant keep	The first parcel, seven acres and three quarters in Shark's Valley, was bounded on the north, and next adjoining and upon the lands late in the possession of William Seale deceased, on the south by the lands formerly in the possession of John Knipe deceased, on the west by the gumwood lands late in the possession of Bridget Bazett, widow, deceased, and on the east by the honourable company's waste land. The other eight acres and a half lay in Fisher's Valley, bounded on the north by the ridge and the head of Sleaping Ground and the pasture lands late in the possession of Isaac Wood, on the south by lands late in the possession of William Seale deceased, on the east by lands late in the possession of Robert Bett deceased, formerly Bellwards, and on the west by the lease land of Robert Bell, all in the east division of the island. Benjamin Seale, together with his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, was to hold the parcels and every part of them, with all the wood, water, watercourses, houses, buildings, offices, sheds, tenements, yams, plantations of yams, fruit trees, walls, fences and all other rights and commodities belonging to them, from the date of these presents for a term of twenty-one years. This was on condition that he and his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns should bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the honourable company and their successors, and should observe and obey all the laws and constitutions of the island. On a further condition, Benjamin Seale and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were to keep up and maintain in good order and sufficient and legal repair all the buildings, houses, offices, sheds, tenements, plantations and fences then standing or afterwards built, and were moreover to plant, as set out below. Interpretations The lease conveyed a holding made up of two separate parcels lying in different valleys, seven and three quarter acres in Shark's Valley and eight and a half in Fisher's Valley, taken together as one grant to Benjamin Seale for the standard term and obligations. This assembling of a holding from ground in more than one place, each parcel bounded by its own neighbours, showed the scattered character of a planter's estate, the lease fixing the identity of both pieces by their abutments though they lay apart, the two together making up the sixteen and three quarter acres conveyed. The bounds traced the recent descent of the land through the names of the dead who had lately held the neighbouring ground, William Seale, John Knipe, Bridget Bazett, Isaac Wood and Robert Bett all described as deceased, marking a district where much of the land had passed within a generation. The note that the ground east of the Fisher's Valley parcel, late Robert Bett's, had formerly been Bellwards, and the naming of Robert Bell's lease land to the west, showed the lease recording not only the present and last holders but an earlier owner too, the fuller chain of title serving to fix a boundary against ground whose ownership had changed more than once. The full recital of appurtenances, the wood, water and watercourses, the buildings, the growing yams and their plantations, the fruit trees and fences, conveyed a working holding complete with its improvements rather than raw ground, so that the tenant took a developed farm with its crops and structures. The binding of the holder to keep all in good and legal repair protected the Company's reversion, and the covenant to plant that followed tied the grant to the same reservation of wood that ran through the season's leases and the planters' separate timber agreement, the preservation of the island's scarce timber written alike into the deed and the general undertaking the inhabitants had given.
552		549	keep up Maintain & preserve in & upon the said hereby demised parcell of Land its full Quantity or proportion of Wood being One tenth part the said Parcell of Land & Shall Likewise plant & preserve furze within side & without the fences of the said Parcell of Land & Shall plant fruit Trees Such as Apple Lemon Mulberry or Peach Trees in such parts thereof as they are most Likely to Grow And as they Shall happen to decay or dye Shall replant Others of the like Sorts thereon Without hurt or prejudice Nevertheless to any part of Such Land as Shall be Sett Apart for the Sole purpose of planting & raising of Yams Yeilding & Paying therefore Yearly & Every Year during the Term of this present Leave unto them the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Sum of five Shillings P Acre in at or upon the Feast of Saint Michael the Archangell Yearly And upon further Condition that he the said Benjamin Seale his Heirs Exors Admors or Allowed Assigns Shall not Alter or remove the said fences they being the Limitts or Land Marks of the Parcell of Land aforesaid And Shall not Sell or dispose of this Leave or Interest therein without the Leave & Consent of the Governour & Councill for the time being In Witness Whereof We the said Governour & Councill have Sett our hands & Affixed the Honble Companys Seal This 30 day of April in the Seventeenth Year of the Reign of our said Sovereign Lord George the Second By the Grace of God of Great Brittain France & Ireland King Defender of the Faith & so forth & in the Year of our Lord 1745 And the said Benjamin Seal to the Other part hath Sett his hand & Seal the day & Year Abovewritten Signed David Dunbar Chas Hutchinson Chris Dixon John Goodwin Twiling David Dunbar Charles Hutchinson Christopher Dixon John Goodwin Matthew Twiling	The tenant was to keep up, maintain and preserve on the parcels the full quantity or proportion of wood, being one tenth part of the land. He was likewise to plant and preserve furze within and along the fences, and to plant fruit trees such as apple, lemon, mulberry or peach in such parts as were most likely to grow, replacing any that decayed or died with others of the like kind, without harm or prejudice to any part of the land set apart for the sole purpose of planting and raising yams. For this, Benjamin Seale and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were to pay yearly throughout the term the sum of five shillings an acre, at or upon the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel. On a further condition, Seale and his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns were not to alter or remove the fences, which marked the limits and land marks of the parcels, and were not to sell or dispose of the lease or their interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council of the day. The Governor and council confirmed this by affixing the honourable company's seal on 2 April, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the sovereign lord King George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and in the year 1745. Benjamin Seale signed the counterpart and set his hand and seal on the same day and year. The lease was signed by David Dunbar, Charles Hutchinson, Christopher Dixon, John Godwin, and Purling. Interpretations The planting covenants on Benjamin Seale's two parcels matched those imposed across the season's leases, binding the tenant to preserve the standing wood at a fixed tenth of the ground and to establish gorse along the fences and orchard trees of named kinds, with any that failed to be replaced. This uniform prescription, repeated from grant to grant, showed the council applying a settled policy of cultivation to every holding it let, the island's want of timber and the value of its fruit and fuel written alike into the terms of each deed. The reservation of the yam ground from these planting duties marked once more the priority the board placed on the island's staple crop, protecting the ground the settlement depended on for subsistence from encroachment by the obligation to plant trees. This standing care carried a sharper edge at a moment when the failure of the yam supply at market had lately driven the garrison to the Company's own stores, the board's concern to preserve the crop matching the difficulty the Governor had brought before it. The date of 2 April on this deed, earlier than the 30 April on which the other grants of the day were sealed, shows that the leases the council executed together were drawn and dated as the several parcels had been granted at different meetings, rather than all bearing the day of their sealing. The bar on altering the fences and the requirement of the council's consent to any assignment kept both the extent and the ownership of the parcels under the board's control, the whole grant set within the settled framework of tenure and tied to the reservation of wood that ran through the season's leases and the planters' separate agreement alike.
553		550	Book cover
554		551	EAP 1364 St Helena Document Name and Date: St. Helena Records 1743-1745 Dimensions (height x width x depth) (cm): 38 cm x 27 cm x 9 cm No. written pages: 548 No. blank pages: 1 Spine and cover: Good condition Inside pages: Good condition Additional comments: [blank] Time taken to photograph (hours): 5 hours