St Helena Records 1748-1750

Introduction: This is the twenty eighth volume in the series of St Helena Records, which summarises the proceedings of official meetings held by the island’s Governor and Council, during which matters of government, defence, supplies, justice and discipline were discussed and recorded.

Source: Images of the original records can be viewed on the British Library’s website: https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP1364-1-1-32.

Text Inaccuracy: This transcription was produced by AI from handwritten document images held on the British Library's website, at about thirty pages per hour. Given the limitations described below, the text should be regarded as unreliable and used only as a search-and-find shortcut: once a relevant section has been located, it must always be checked against the source image via the hyperlinked Film Numbers listed in the main transcription table below.

Three specific problems affected the work. First, AI tends to prioritise meaning and readability at the expense of fidelity to the original, with a strong disposition to normalise spellings, expand abbreviations, and adjust grammar. It is particularly weak with unfamiliar surnames, and scrawled signatures often resist accurate transcription entirely. Transcriptions by eye of documents spanning four centuries have also shown that a single surname could be written in a wide variety of ways: the Crowie family name appears under six different spellings, and the Isaacs family name under sixteen. Searches for surnames are therefore hindered both by genuine variations in the originals and by mistranscriptions introduced by AI, and for this reason are best run phonetically. Second, the AI struggled with the late secretary hand, the script commonly used from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, in which the letter S appears in a form closely resembling a trailing L. Third, occasional passages in these volumes are written in a hand so obscure or poorly formed as to be difficult to read even by eye, sometimes compounded by heavy ink bleed-through from the reverse side or by the loss of sections of pages.

To mitigate these difficulties, a strict protocol was applied to each image, requiring the AI to rely solely on clearly visible ink strokes and to flag any uncertain reading, thereby reducing the risk of inferred or invented text. Two conventions are used. [...] marks text that could not be read with confidence; this may represent a single unreadable word, a full sentence, or occasionally an entire paragraph. Square brackets around letters or words indicate a conjectural reading supplied by the transcriber: brackets around a whole word, for example [Bazett], mean the entire word was unclear and a probable reading has been supplied, while brackets around individual letters within an otherwise readable word, for example B[a]z[e]tt, mean only those specific letters were unclear in the source and the unbracketed letters were legibly present.

Referencing Text Locations: A dual numbering system has been adopted, combining the British Library film number with the manuscript’s original page number. These are presented in the format: British Library Film No. / Document Page No.

Content: No crossed-out sections have been transcribed. Complex tables have also been omitted, replaced instead with simple headings such as Gunner’s Account, Company Livestock Census, Store Goods sold to Inhabitants, and Government Table Expenses, among others.

Pagination:

Page numbers appear only in the top right corner of recto pages. The first visible page number is 3, found on Film No. 7 (location 7/3, so it is presumed page 1 is shown on Film No. 5.

Page numbers continue sequentially up to Film No. 365, which is marked as page 361 (365/361). However, Film No. 363 has no page number, while Film No. 364 is marked as page 363. In other words, one page was missed when the numbering was done. From this point, the sequence runs as follows: 365/361, 366/362, 367/363, 368/364, 369/363, 370/364, 371/365, and so on through to the end of the volume.

Dates: During the period covered by this volume, England and its colonies followed the Old Style Julian calendar, in which the legal new year began on 25 March (Lady Day).

The first Council meeting was held on 2 January 1748 and the last on 16 April 1750. These meetings were all held during the administration of Captain Charles Hutchinson (1747-1764).

AI Generated Summary

Introduction

This consolidated account follows the East India Company’s settlement on St Helena across more than two years, from a meeting of Council on 2 January 1747/8 to the great quarterly accounts closed on 31 March 1750 and examined on 16 April 1750. It draws together a long chronological run of Council consultations, ship musters, invoices, monthly stock and store accounts, quarterly collections of goods sold, annual rent rolls, pay rolls, the paymaster’s treasury reckonings and a body of proved wills, all kept at the Castle in James Valley and at Plantation House. [Film No. 5, 355, 416]

The government rested throughout on the same three men, Charles Hutchinson as Governor, Captain David Hunter as Lieutenant Governor and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council, whose signatures close almost every entry. Clark also served as paymaster and boarded every arriving ship to muster her crew for deserters, while the storekeeper Matthew Purling kept the detailed accounts of goods sold and stores issued. The record is official and internal, kept for the Court of Directors in London, and it shows the island as its administrators wished it seen, exact in its columns and regular in its routine while silent on much that the settlers and slaves might have told differently. [Film No. 26, 296, 433]

The whole period sits in the wake of the War of the Austrian Succession, which the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle closed in October 1748. That peace is felt throughout as a condition rather than an event, for the island’s fortifications were kept in repair rather than built up, and the guns that fired were answering merchant ships, salutes and the occasional naval squadron rather than any threat. A long drought that had crippled the Company’s own crop and forced it to buy the staple yam from the planters runs through the opening years, giving way at length to a settled self-sufficiency. What follows arranges the material by theme, and within each theme by date, so that the workings of a small ocean garrison across a run of years may be seen whole. [Film No. 8, 22, 359]

Governance and administration

The board that governed St Helena was a small one, meeting week by week at the Castle, ordinarily on a Monday, and later often at Plantation House through the cooler months of the year. A meeting of Council at the Castle on 2 January 1747/8 was attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Captain David Hunter as Lieutenant Governor and Secretary and Lieutenant John Clark as a member of Council, the three men who signed almost every entry through the whole record. Each consultation began with the reading, approval and signing of the previous minute, the settled form that bound the record together and opened nearly every sitting into the new decade. [Film No. 5, 205, 306]

The Council met steadily through the years, its business the examination of accounts, the granting of petitions and the noting of ships seen from the island. On 9 January 1747/8 it was observed only that ships had lately sailed past at a considerable distance, and on 29 January 1747/8 a ship flying Dutch colours passed and saluted the fort. Such small notices show a government much taken up with watching the sea, its meetings turning on whatever the arrival of ships, the granting of land or the passage of the calendar had thrown up. [Film No. 7, 10, 49]

The administration ran on a settled body of officers below the board. On 14 November 1747 Francis Wrangham had been appointed secretary on his seniority and earlier service, and he still appears on the pay roll by his factor’s salary and diet money in the quarter ending 31 December 1748. The accountant John Goodwin, the storekeeper Matthew Purling and the chaplain William Loveday made up the civil establishment, each entered by salary and diet money. Diet money ran through the whole establishment as a cash allowance paid in place of the common table the Company’s orders had once offered, a standing grievance among the factors and writers who in 1745 had asked to be put on the military footing of £27 7s 6d, the board holding to the Court’s order for a table it could not commute of its own authority. [Film No. 26]

Land granting shows the administration at its most characteristic, deliberate and cautious over the smallest parcel. When Richard Beale petitioned in February 1748/9 for a strip of the Company’s waste ground in James Valley adjoining his own yard, the board did not simply grant it but ordered the land viewed first. A consultation of 20 March 1748/9 recorded that the ground had been viewed and found not prejudicial to the Company or the neighbourhood, whereupon a lease was granted at five shillings a year. The same course was set in motion for a fresh petition from Daniel Bush, whose requested plot of forty-six feet by thirty was likewise ordered inspected. This view before granting was the standing check that kept the Company’s waste from being parcelled out piecemeal. [Film No. 62, 63, 64]

The transfer of Company leases was a recurring item of Council business, every assignment requiring the board’s leave. On 30 January 1747/8 Thomas Easthope was granted permission to dispose of his interest in a lease of sixteen and a half acres at Sandy Bay and a further two acres near the Main Ridge, proposing John Worrall and Francis Wrangham senior as tenants, and Worrall in turn was allowed to pass nine acres to Easthope at the same sitting. On 13 February 1747/8 Francis Hayes was granted permission to dispose of fifteen acres, proposing Samuel Doverton as tenant. Such transfers ran on through the record, John Desfontain given leave on 22 May 1749 to sell thirteen acres to Thomas Cosgrave, John Bland to pass his valley lease to Joshua Worrall on 19 June 1749, and Giles South to dispose of two acres in Lemon Valley to John Goodwin on 2 October 1749. [Film No. 47, 48, 127, 231]

The board also managed the small offices of the settlement, filling each vacancy as it fell. On 10 July 1749 Andrew Bluman was appointed marshal in the place of Thomas Willingham, who had left the island, and on 1 January 1749/50 Michael Frost, judged the only person on the island qualified for the work, was granted a salary of £5 a year to keep the Company’s clocks and mathematical instruments in order. At the same meeting, William Hayes the Master of Arms having become unable through illness to attend to the small arms, Joseph Kendall was appointed to that responsibility. On 2 April 1750 William Hayes, who had served as Adjutant, was recorded dead, and Thomas Kirkpatrick was appointed to perform the duties temporarily at the same salary of £31 2s 6d a year until the Company should appoint from England. [Film No. 162, 317, 408]

Parish government ran alongside the Company’s own, and the record catches its annual renewal. Following a death among the garrison, the Council in March 1749 directed a public notice calling the inhabitants to meet in vestry at the chapel in the valley to elect parish officers for the coming year. The vestry duly met and, as reported on 27 March 1749, returned James Powell and John Doveton as churchwardens, together with overseers for the East, West and South Divisions. A year later, on 16 April 1750, the inhabitants met again and chose Thomas Greentree and John Desfontain as churchwardens, with overseers for the same three divisions, warrants ordered issued to them. This yearly election, held under the Company’s eye but drawing on the settler community, shows the ordinary parish structure of an English community transplanted onto a Company island. [Film No. 66, 67, 452]

The most substantial administrative event of the year was the reckoning of the island’s inhabitants and revenues. On 28 August 1749 the board ordered an advertisement requiring all inhabitants to render an account of their families and lands to the Secretary’s Office before 30 September, and to attend at the Castle on 2 October to pay their rents for the past year, and it announced that the Company’s stores would be closed for three weeks from 11 September so that a full inventory could be taken. This yearly gathering of population returns, rents and stock-taking shows the machinery by which a Company island kept account of its people and its property, the whole settlement brought to book at the turn of the financial year. [Film No. 217]

A quiet uncertainty in the signing of the record appears at the end of July 1749. The consultations of 26 June and earlier were signed by David Hunter under his own name, but the minutes of 24 and 31 July 1749 were signed by David Frazier in the Lieutenant Governor’s place, alongside Hutchinson and Clark. The record gives no explanation, and it may reflect no more than a variant rendering of the same man’s name, though it is set down here as it stands. On 30 October 1749 Clark was absent from the consultation owing to illness, leaving only the Governor and Lieutenant Governor to sit, a reminder of how thinly the settlement was governed, the Council of three reduced to two by the illness of one member. On 8 January 1749/50 the accountant reported that the general books of account had been properly copied and were ready to be sent to the Company by the next available ship. [Film No. 203, 204, 318]

Military affairs and defence

The garrison was organised into four foot companies and a company of artillery, each with its lieutenants, sergeants, corporals, drummer and sentinels. The pay roll for the quarter ending 31 December 1748 set out every man by name and rank, the common sentinel paid £3 8s 3d for the quarter, the officers drawing salary, diet money and house rent above, and the whole military charge ran the pay roll up past £1,600 before the paymaster’s account closed it. Successive rolls repeat the pattern, the charge with the civil establishment reaching £1,718 10s ½d for the quarter to 30 June 1749, the roll also carrying a small file of superannuated officers and workmen, Richard Tinsley, Joseph Whaley, William Burnham and the former armourer Francis Tunge, kept by the Company on a pension. [Film No. 28, 183, 194]

The state of the batteries reflected a settlement at peace throughout. The fortifications account for the quarter to 31 December 1748 was a slight one, a little cordage for Rupert’s flagstaff, iron and a stone saw for the masons and the stone blaster, and a few nails and deals, standing at only £1 16s 11½d. Later quarters were as slight, fourteen shillings and a few pence to 31 March 1749 on timber, paint and spades, and £1 2s 10d to 30 June 1749 for spouts, work at Munden’s Point and hinges for the garden gate. This quiet followed the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, which brought the War of the Austrian Succession to an end and lifted the island’s war footing, the batteries kept in repair rather than built up. [Film No. 22, 88, 180]

The scattered forts warned one another of strange ships by flags and alarm guns, and the account of the signals survives. The fortification account for the quarter to 30 September 1749 records bunting in white, red and blue made up into a flag for Rupert’s and the alarm house, with the thread, twine, canvas and osnaburg to sew and bag it, at nearly £6 for a single flag. The expense of keeping the alarm signals flying at the outposts shows how much the scattered forts depended on visual signalling to pass warning around the coast. [Film No. 260]

The great military event of the record was the public proclamation of the peace. On 11 June 1749 the guns were fired for the proclaiming of the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle joined with the salute for His Majesty’s accession, twenty-one great guns and three volleys of small arms marking the formal publishing of the peace. The proclamation had been ordered by the Company’s letter brought out about the close of 1748, and its firing here, months after the treaty and joined to the accession-day salute, was the island’s public celebration of the war’s end with the fullest ceremony the batteries could give. [Film No. 163]

The daily working of the guns can be traced month by month in the gunner’s stores, whose powder rose and fell with the shipping. In December 1748 the gunner charged 41 guns fired, the arrival and departure of a ship each drawing a nine-gun salute, and in January 1747/8 the firing fell to only 63½ lb of powder, every arrival met with an alarm before the ship could be named and a salute answered once she proved friendly. The account for February 1748 climbed to 200½ lb as shipping came into the road, the double firing at Banks’s and Turk’s Cap for a single ship showing the outlying batteries taking up the signal from the main fort. [Film No. 9, 51, 61]

The firing built to its height with the shipping season of the middle of 1749. The gunner’s return for April 1749 records 258½ lb of powder, far above the 116¾ of March, and May 1749 reached 361½ lb, the heaviest month in the whole run, the traffic at its height and the arrival of a naval squadron under Admiral Griffin drawing the greatest ceremonial firing of all. When Griffin came in aboard the Princess Mary on 20 May 1749 he was answered with fifteen guns, fifteen more for his landing on the 21st and fifteen again for his coming into the fort, the fullest honours the island’s ordnance could give a flag officer. A small charge in the same month records powder issued to John Bagley for dismissing alarms, the gun that stood the garrison down once a sighted ship proved friendly. [Film No. 120, 143]

The naval presence was substantial through May and June 1749. On 20 May 1749 His Majesty’s ship Prince of Wales, of thirty-six guns and eight hundred tons under Vice Admiral Griffin, arrived at the island, and on 6 June 1749 a squadron of the Prince of Mary, Pearl, Winchester, Medway’s Prize and Lovely departed under Rear Admiral Griffin, taking the Company’s Eastcourt with them for the passage. The presence of a Royal Navy squadron at this remote station reflects the strategic value of St Helena as a rendezvous and watering place on the route home, a role that grew in wartime and did not vanish with the peace. The June 1749 return charged 269¼ lb of powder, the True Briton, the Streatham, the Colchester, the Marlborough, the Oxford and the Exeter each answered with an alarm and a salute, and a telling small charge was the powder served to the men in the guard boats who rowed watch among the crowded shipping. [Film No. 127, 135, 163]

The powder magazine served the settlement’s works as well as its defence, and its ceremonial use extended even to burials. In December 1748 two pounds of powder were issued to Captain Hunter for the stone blaster, a charge for splitting rock in quarrying or clearing ground, and a charge of powder was drawn for the funeral of the sentinel John Ellis. The gunner’s accounts of the quiet season worked the old gun gear into the plantation’s use, worn wooden trucks passed to the Great Wood and to Mr Oakman to be remade into wheelbarrow wheels and tallow drawn for greasing sent to the same ground. The September 1749 account condemned a gun with its furniture as having been upon the island above forty years, a piece serving since before 1710, a mark of how long the island’s guns endured. [Film No. 9, 213, 237]

The batteries fell to their deepest quiet through the closing months of 1749, the road standing empty after the fleet had sailed. The gunner’s account for July 1749 records 101½ lb of powder, for August 1749 only 55½ lb, and for September 1749 a mere 26¼ lb, the lightest month, with a single Danish ship departing. In October 1749 twenty-six pounds went on the King’s birthday salute of twenty-one guns on 30 October 1749 with twenty-two pounds more in the small-arms volley, against only a single alarm of six guns for a passing ship. In November 1749 the whole month’s powder was spent on a single funeral, two and a quarter pounds fired over the grave of Robert Stacey, the quietest use the store could be put to. [Film No. 213, 237, 301, 312]

The guard boats still rowed in the road even in the quiet season, watching the anchorage though it stood near empty. The gunner’s account for September 1749 records powder issued to the guard boats and three lead balls delivered to them, the crews armed and their pieces charged. That the boats were kept rowing guard through the quiet months, when scarcely a ship lay in the road, shows the settled vigilance of a remote station that could never be certain what sail might appear, the watch a standing duty rather than a response to any present threat. [Film No. 237]

The road began to stir again toward the end of December 1749, and the gunner’s account for that month shows the powder rising to 43½ lb, spent on two alarms for passing ships, one of them a double alarm of nine guns for two vessels at once on 24 December, together with a funeral and issues for priming and the stone blaster. The ordnance needed constant upkeep to be kept fit to fire, and the November and December 1749 accounts record sheepskins for the sponges, rammer and sponge heads and staves, and a sponge stave cut down to make the staff of a halberd, the long-handled weapon the sergeants carried as a mark of rank, a small economy turning a gunner’s tool to another use. [Film No. 312, 320]

The defining military episode of the whole record was the demand of Rear Admiral Edward Boscawen’s homeward squadron for fresh provisions. In a letter written from the Cape of Good Hope on 16 January 1749/50 and delivered by His Majesty’s ship Sheerness on 3 February 1749/50, Boscawen asked the Governor to have cattle ready to yield about eleven thousand pounds of fresh meat, enough to supply his squadron for two days. This was an enormous demand on a small island, and it set the Company’s obligation to the Crown against its duty to victual its own homeward ships. [Film No. 359]

The Council met the demand by summoning the planters to declare what cattle they could supply. On 5 February 1749/50 the planters attended and gave a signed return for the year 1750, listing their cattle by weight, which came to about one hundred and thirty animals of some 32,760 lb in all. After deducting the 13,000 lb needed each year for the Company’s own servants, only 19,760 lb remained for the twenty-seven ships expected, leaving just 730 lb for each vessel. The arithmetic gave the Council its grounds to refuse. [Film No. 362, 363]

When Boscawen himself reached the island on 11 February 1749/50 with the Exeter, York, Chester, Deal Castle and other ships, the Governor sent him a careful refusal. Hutchinson explained that the island could not supply the quantity requested without depriving the Company’s officers and its returning ships, whose crews arrived weak and needed fresh meat to recover for the onward voyage, and he assured the Admiral that a small number of cattle had been kept ready for the sick. Boscawen replied the same day from the Exeter, pressing that His Majesty’s forces had been sent to India for the Company’s own protection and so had a right to priority. The Council, unmoved, resolved to press its reasons again, and the Admiral at length appeared satisfied and accepted a smaller supply of 3,085 lb of beef. The episode shows the limits of naval authority against a determined civil administration. [Film No. 365, 366, 367]

The naval visit brought a rare chance to strengthen the garrison, for on a remote station recruits came only by ship. On 12 February 1749/50 the Governor obtained Boscawen’s leave to enlist willing soldiers from the squadron, and on 14 February 1749/50 thirteen of the King’s soldiers came ashore and enlisted for five years at £5 bounty each. Three more men, accidentally left behind when the squadron sailed, chose to stay and enlist rather than seek a passage home. The passing fleet offered trained men the island could not otherwise reach. The gunner’s account for February 1749/50 records over five hundred and thirty pounds of powder, near eight times the January figure and the heaviest month in the whole run, Boscawen drawing seventeen guns on his arrival, again on coming ashore and into the castle, and again on his departure on 13 February 1749/50, while each naval captain who landed drew thirteen and a Company captain rated only nine. [Film No. 368, 373, 390]

The dispersal of the island’s defences left them exposed to its weather. The gunner’s account for March 1750 records powder, match, cartridge shot, sponges, handspikes and a powder horn lost or damaged by floods at the coastal batteries of Lemon Valley, Sandy Bay and Banks’s. The settlement kept powder at its scattered forts against a sudden landing, but the same remoteness that made the outlying stores necessary left them at the mercy of the island’s floods, the loss borne as an ordinary charge on the account. [Film No. 411, 412]

The garrison lost men steadily to death and desertion throughout, and the accounts are the plainest record of the human cost of garrison service. John French, second lieutenant of the fourth company, died on 27 October 1748, the sentinel John Ellis of the same company on 17 December 1748, and William Jones and Matthew Peters both deserted on 18 December 1748, each paid only for the days served. The soldier Edward Gill died on 10 February 1747/8, and John Eaves was paid to 20 March 1749, the day of his death. On 6 July 1749 Sergeant Joseph Leighton died from a fall from the rocks, and John Taylor, a soldier of the fourth company, was drowned by accident on 13 April 1749. These deaths by sickness, the surf and the steep ground run quietly through the pay roll and the minutes. [Film No. 34, 49, 77, 161]

Settlement, land and agriculture

Land on the island was held on Company leases that changed hands only with the board’s leave, and new ground was steadily taken into cultivation as tenant to the Company rather than as freehold. On 29 May 1749 John Goodwin petitioned to become tenant for a parcel of waste land adjoining property he had lately bought from Francis Lange in the west division, and it was directed that the land be viewed, and on 9 October 1749 he petitioned again for about four and a half acres near the High Peak which he argued would ease the difficulty and expense of fencing. On 13 November 1749 Richard Harper sought a small piece adjoining his own in Thomson’s Wood for fencing, and a lease of five acres in the East Division was executed the same day to Matthew Spurling. The taking in of small parcels for fencing and enclosure shows a settlement steadily consolidating its cultivated ground under strict covenants. [Film No. 131, 235, 304]

The Company farmed its own ground through the plantation establishment, and the stores issued to it show the range of that work. Nails, deals, cordage and a line went to the Great Wood, the timber plantation the Company had raised and now housing its keepers and gear, while the dairy took milk pans, birch brooms and a straining dish for the milk house that furnished the castle table. Two wheelbarrows and deals for the Great Wood at £10 6s 0d were the heaviest single line in the quarter to 31 December 1748, the barrows the Company kept its own timber and yam ground worked with. Later quarters record pickaxes, garden hoes, spades, helves and hinges for the Great Wood, cordage worked into cow ropes and paddy issued to the poultry, every such tool shipped in for the island made none of its own. [Film No. 23, 261, 432]

The Company kept a large stock of animals on its own plantation, mustered by class and age each month, the herds and flocks the working capital of the island’s victualling. The account for February 1748 shows neat cattle drifting from 214 to 211 across the month while the calving held near steady, and the strongest showing was the lambing, forty-six lambs dropped so that the sheep rose from 149 to a peak of 195 before the killings. The return for April 1749 opened with 212 head of neat cattle, 199 sheep, 150 goats, eighteen hogs, 262 poultry and eleven horses, the neat cattle closing at 215 after eight beasts killed against a strong calving of eleven. This careful mustering by class and age shows the Company managing its livestock as a standing capital asset. [Film No. 60, 119]

A standing hazard of the ranges was the loss of animals to wild and stray dogs, which preyed on the young goats among the rocks and thinned the poultry. In April 1749 the goats fell sharply from 150 to 135, thirteen killed for the table and two taken by dogs, and the flocks recovered strongly in May 1749 when thirty-four kids were dropped and the goat herd rose from 135 to 169 before the killings. The dogs run as a small but constant drain through the returns, and theft ran beside them, ten fowls and two geese stolen in July 1749 and further fowls and ducks stolen in August 1749 together with a wether and a kid killed by dogs. In February 1750 forty-nine fowls and ducks were dead or carried off by dogs in the month, a recurring plague the settlement could never wholly master. [Film No. 119, 212, 389]

The turn of the old-style year at 25 March brought an annual reclassification of the herds, entered plainly as the names of the species changed. The account for March 1749 records the calves, yearlings and heifers each stepped up a grade as they aged, so that the closing figures by age no longer matched the running month because the same beasts had been moved between classes on the yearly reckoning, the neat cattle closing at 212 after a strong calving of nine and the sheep at 199. The same clerical practice recurs at each year’s end, the account for March 1750 setting out the year-end reclassification of every species, the calves become cows and steers, the kids become goats and the shoats become hogs, without any purchase or loss, bringing the paper reckoning level with the real age of the herds. [Film No. 74, 410]

The herds recovered strongly through the quiet months when no shipping drew on them for beef. The account for July 1749 shows the neat cattle closing at 218 after only two beasts killed, that for August 1749 rising to 224 with no beast killed at all, and the recovery reached its height at the turn of the Company’s year on 30 September 1749, sixteen calves born and no beast killed, the neat cattle rising to and holding at 240, the highest in this stretch, and the sheep rising on twenty-one lambs to 204. Through November 1749 twelve calves were born and not one beast killed or dead, carrying the neat cattle from 245 to 257, and the goats increasing even more sharply, fifty-two kids born in the month lifting the flock from 186 to 233. The whole stock swelled on its natural increase in the empty season, bred up against the demands of the year to come. [Film No. 212, 238, 311]

The yam accounts tell the plainest agricultural story of the record, and it is at first a story of drought. The stock account for December 1748 recorded 32,125 yams bought against only 2,000 of the Company’s own expended, a near-total reversal of the ordinary relation in which the Company fed itself from its plantations, and in January 1747/8 some 18,000 lb of the Company’s own yams were dug against 17,250 lb bought of the planters, near half the month’s supply still drawn from the settlers. In February 1748 the Company dug 29,000 lb of its own against only 6,000 lb bought, a sharp recovery, but the following month the balance reversed once more, 15,000 lb of its own dug against 8,000 lb bought. This oscillation between self-sufficiency and dependence marks a settlement whose food supply was never secure, leaning on the planters whenever its own ground failed. [Film No. 8, 50, 60, 74]

The dependence broke decisively with the middle of 1749, the long drought at last giving way. In April 1749 some 23,000 lb of yams were expended, but by May 1749 only 3,000 lb were drawn, all of the Company’s own with none bought of the planters, and in June 1749 the Company drew 30,000 lb of its own with none bought. Through July, August and September 1749 it drew its yams wholly from its own ground, 30,000 lb, 23,000 lb and 33,000 lb, the last the highest monthly figure in this stretch, and 33,000 lb again in each of November and December 1749 with none bought. This steady self-sufficiency is a marked contrast to the earlier years, the Company feeding its slaves and stock from its own land without leaning on the settlers, the drought that had forced the buying-in now well behind the island. [Film No. 119, 165, 238, 319]

The Company kept its own small dairy and poultry alongside its cattle. The plantation charges for the quarter ending 31 March 1750 record milk pans for the dairy, in which milk was set for cream and butter, and unhusked paddy issued to feed the poultry. The dairy furnished the table with butter and the sick with milk, its plain earthenware replaced from the stores as the pans broke in use. The keeping of a dairy and fowls marks the settlement’s small husbandry, feeding its poultry from imported grain and charging the feed to the ground that carried the birds. [Film No. 431, 432]

Supply and provisioning

The victualling of passing ships was the chief regular draw on the island’s herds. The February 1748 stock account records the Essex taking 560 lb of beef and the Benjamin 360 lb, and in March 1749 a single event dwarfed the rest, the Lapwing drawing 1,631 lb of beef, far the heaviest beef sale in that stretch. In April 1749 four vessels each took 560 lb, the Hardwicke, the Scarborough, the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Dorset, together drawing 2,240 lb from the Company’s cattle, the whole homeward fleet victualled for the passage in a single month. The equal charge to each ship marks the settled charter-party allowance the island supplied to the Company’s homeward Indiamen. [Film No. 60, 74, 119]

The demand peaked with the great homeward fleets of the shipping season. The stock account for June 1749 shows six ships drawing beef together, the True Briton at 448 lb and the Streatham, the Colchester, the Marlborough, the Oxford and the Exeter at 560 lb each, near three thousand pounds of beef in a single month, the cows and breeders spared while the steers and old oxen went to the ships. A year later the demand peaked again in March 1750, eight ships of the homeward fleet each taking 560 lb of beef, over four thousand pounds in all, the heaviest draw of the whole run, sixteen cattle killed to supply them, the slaughter cutting deep into the breeding and working stock as the whole fleet victualled at once. [Film No. 165, 410]

The victualling of ships fell away almost to nothing in the quiet months, a plain measure of the empty road. The stock account for July 1749 records a single beef sale of 336 lb to the Porto Bello, against the six and seven ships that had drawn their beef together through the crowded months, and the accounts for August and September 1749 record no beef sold to any ship at all, the herd left wholly to its calving. The Company began to draw on its stock again in December 1749 as the quiet breeding season closed, a bull and a heifer killed to give 182 lb of beef together with two goats to the slaves and one to the hospital, the killing falling on the males and the surplus rather than the breeding cows. [Film No. 212, 238, 319]

Fresh ship purchases supplemented the island’s own stores through the year. On 7 April 1749 the board bought from Captain John Samson, for the use of its slaves and livestock, 3,326 lb of rice at ten shillings and eight pence the hundredweight and 620 lb of paddy at seven shillings and four pence, and on 3 July 1749 provisions were bought from Captain William Park for the general table, three firkins of butter, bacon, Cheshire and Gloucester cheese, split peas and currants, the whole at £22 3s 8d. On 7 August 1749 the board bought a cask of rosin of 200 lb from Captain John Stevens of the Godolphin, there being none in the stores, and on 10 August 1749 a sheer mast of sixty feet from Captain Benjamin Fisher of the Porto Bello, only one poor topmast remaining in store. [Film No. 72, 159, 207, 210]

The board’s own table was provisioned from the same herds, and its monthly sundries rose as the shipping season turned. The castle sundries for April 1749 ran at £27 15s 3½d, the fullest month to that point, and those for May 1749 rose again to £37 19s 7½d, the fresh beef the heaviest line at £7 6s 10½d for 587½ lb, more than double the beef of the quiet earlier months when mutton and goat had carried the table. The castle sundries for June 1749 ran at £33 15s 1½d, the mutton the great mark of the month at 362 lb, and nine pounds of veal appear as a rare delicacy, the flesh of a young calf killed for the board against the ordinary beef and mutton. [Film No. 121, 141, 164]

Rice was imported to feed the slaves, and its purchase recurs through the record whenever the yam crop threatened to fall short. In 1749 Captain Thomas Twopenny delivered rice at ten shillings and eight pence the hundredweight for the Company’s slaves, and four thousand pounds more were bought from Captain Jonah Hindman at the same rate, while on 14 August 1749 the board bought of Captain Thomas Browne, for the use of the Company’s slaves, 250 bags of rice at eight shillings the hundredweight. On 12 March 1749/50 it bought 26½ peculs of rice from Captain George Lindsay at ten shillings the hundredweight against a feared yam shortage, and on 26 March 1750 a further seventeen and a half peculs from Captain Cuming, the island unable to feed its slaves from its own ground alone. [Film No. 115, 126, 214, 394]

The board’s table stretched to feast the officers of the visiting fleet at the height of the season. The steward’s account for February 1749/50 rose to over £31, the heaviest table of the cooler months, the entertainment of Boscawen and the many naval and Company captains drawing freely on the wine, spirits and fresh meat, fifty bottles of Goa arrack and a fuller run of madeira, beer and brandy marking the hospitality the castle extended during the busy fortnight. The common table of the governor, council and officers was maintained throughout as a distinct charge, the diet expenses for the quarter to 30 September 1749 recording arrack, brandy, sugar, tea and salted beef and pork with vinegar, mustard seed and pepper for seasoning at over £17, the two grades of arrack, Goa distilled on the west coast of India and Batavia carried from the Dutch settlement in Java, pointing to the eastern sources the spirit came from. [Film No. 258, 303, 391]

Trade, the store and shipping

The Company’s warehouse was the island’s only shop, and it sold to different classes of buyer at settled rates. In the quarter from 1 October to 31 December 1748 the Company’s servants bought at ten per cent above cost, the planters at twenty-five per cent for family goods and at forty per cent for drink and provisions, the steepest margin the Company set anywhere, the servants’ collection coming to £850 19s 1½d. The pattern of pricing by both the class of buyer and the kind of good held through every quarter, a foreign ship charged fifty per cent, the steepest rate of all, and the Company’s own ships supplied at bare cost, the board supplying its servants their necessaries cheaply while taxing the free inhabitants’ appetite for spirits and sweets and making what profit it could from the stranger. [Film No. 11, 240, 416]

The composition of these sales tells its own story of the island’s wants. Brandy dominated as the cheap bulk spirit, £115 10s 0d to the servants for 162 gallons in the quarter to 31 December 1748, while only a single gallon of arrack appeared beside it, the Batavia and Goa arrack near spent after a year’s shortage that had forced the board to borrow arrack of the planters in June 1747. Brandy led the servants’ account through the record, £197 10s 0d for 790 gallons in the quarter to 31 March 1749 as the shipping season opened, and £187 for five hundred and eighty-eight gallons in the quarter to 31 December 1749, near six hundred gallons against the mere ten and a half of the near-empty September quarter, the staple spirit the whole settlement leaned on when the eastern arrack ran short. [Film No. 11, 78, 322]

Baked bread and sea biscuit were the heaviest provision lines the store carried, the flour drawn from store and turned into loaves and biscuit for the garrison and the fleet. Baked bread stood at £171 6s 1¾d for 19,532 lb in the quarter to 31 December 1748, and 18,483¼ lb were baked at £161 13s 5½d in the quarter to 31 March 1749, the great line of that quarter. The store baked and held sea provision in quantity against the fleet, double-baked bread at nearly £164 for over eighteen thousand pounds in the quarter to 31 December 1749, ship’s biscuit twice fired to keep on a long passage, and salt beef and pork at over £261, near two thousand pounds of beef and eight hundred of pork, the store’s ovens turning out biscuit by the ton as the shipping came in. [Film No. 11, 78, 322, 324]

The store held the full kit of a working settlement, and the accounts run through the imported manufactures the island could not make for itself, shoes, shirts and hosiery for the garrison, window glass in standard sizes to reglaze the castle and offices, raw pigments and driers ground into oil for the settlement’s painting, and the tools and fittings of the carpenters, joiners and armourer. The heaviest single tool was an anvil at £13 4s 7d, drawn with files, sledge hammers and drill boxes for the armourer to keep the garrison’s arms in repair, and the building ironwork was graded by the old English penny sizing that marked length and weight rather than price, every size from threepenny to twentypenny drawn on for the settlement’s carpentry and repair. Among the dearest single lines were the Indian checked cotton called chelloes and the window glass, the eastern textiles and the building glass both crossing the ocean to a settlement that wove nothing and made nothing of its own. [Film No. 12, 78, 241]

The store also served as a chandlery for the shipping, holding the means to help refit the Company’s ships far from any dockyard. The season’s ships restocked its shelves with tableware and China goods, thirty-two dishes, one hundred and sixty-four plates, guglets, bowls, pitchers, tea kettles and every grade of cup and saucer in the quarter to 30 June 1749, and the arrack began to return, two gallons now against the single gallon of the earlier months. The graded scheme is nowhere clearer than in the shipping sales of that quarter, a small parcel of bread and flour going to a Dutch ship at fifty per cent above cost, the dearest rate of all, while the Company’s own ships drew their sea stores at cost, the bread and flour at £117 5s 1½d far the heaviest head as the fleet took loaves for the passage home and cordage at £46 15s 8½d the next great line. [Film No. 167, 170, 175]

The storekeeper checked each cargo against its invoice, fixing what was wanting so the loss could be set against the carrier rather than the storekeeper. The account of goods received short from the Marlborough in June 1749 noted the outer chest and bale sound so the damage plainly happened in the packing or passage, the brandy near a hundred gallons short across twenty leaguers, one of them almost wholly leaked out and wanting fifty-four gallons to fill. The same account shows the ship’s people using the Company’s goods for their own needs, twenty-six short deals spoiled by being used for a cable hole, the boards holed to run a cable through on the passage and delivered useless, the storekeeper’s careful distinction between the rotten covering next the damaged cloth and the sound covering next the mildewed piece showing the kind of evidence the account was framed to record. [Film No. 157, 158]

The shipping that called tied the island to the Company’s wider traffic between Bengal, Bombay, the Coromandel coast, China and England. The Houghton under Captain Isaac Worth came in from Bengal on 2 December 1748 and sailed for England on 18 December 1748, buying at the store cordage, oil and above all a made mast at £22 8s 0d, and the Swift snow arrived from Fort St David on 31 December 1748, while in mid-February 1747/8 the Essex came from Bombay and the Company’s snow Swallow arrived and sailed, carrying the board’s letters home. The China trade was much in evidence, the Danish Christianburg Holst and the Lyon arriving from Canton on 27 March 1749 laden with tea and chinaware, the first of 700 tons and the second of 1,200, each carrying twenty-six guns, showing the island serving not only the Company’s own ships but the wider run of European trade returning from the East. [Film No. 5, 19, 56, 66]

The cargoes these ships carried are recorded in detailed invoices that open a window on the eastern trade. The Company’s ships Scarborough and Hardwicke, arriving from China in early April 1749, carried invoices dated at Canton on 12 December 1748 listing Bohea, Singlo and Congo tea by the chest, chinaware of dishes, bowls, teapots and enamelled ware, and sugar and sugar candy, reckoned in the Chinese weights and money of account, the tale, mace, candareen and cash. The Prince of Wales delivered blue and white china ware, chests of Bohea and Congo tea and sugar candy, her invoice dated at Canton on 15 January 1748/9 and totalling £114 6s 1¾d, and the Duke of Dorset brought a like supply valued at £195 0s 3½d, her invoice dated at Canton on 9 January 1748/9. These cargoes of tea and porcelain were the staple of the Canton trade landed at the island for its use. [Film No. 68, 110, 111]

Ships came also from the Indian ports with cotton goods, rice, saltpetre and arrack. On 7 May 1749 the Oxford, Captain Phillip Sadell, arrived from Bombay with Surat piece goods, beaten rice, unhusked paddy and Bombay arrack, her charges reckoned in rupees at Surat, and on 25 May 1749 the Dutch Cleverskerk came from Bengal laden with 2,700 bags of saltpetre, cumin, Japan wood, pepper and bales of goods for Amsterdam, saltpetre being the vital ingredient of gunpowder and a staple of the Company’s homeward lading. The Porto Bello’s invoice of July 1749, dated at the Coromandel coast and signed by the accountant Edward Cooke, valued superfine and ordinary white long cloth, sugar and a leaguer of Batavia arrack in pagodas, fanams and cash, the whole at 717 pagodas 6 fanams 36 cash, the Indian bookkeeping behind the island’s supply appearing plainly. [Film No. 116, 130, 202]

The perils of the passage round the Cape are caught vividly in a captain’s own account of a storm. On 9 August 1749 Captain Thomas Browne of the Bombay Castle wrote to the board describing several days of extremely severe weather with mountainous seas, during which he had dared set no sail for fear of losing his masts or being struck from astern, and on inspection had found it necessary to replace several standards on the lower deck and had discovered four of the Company’s bales damaged by water, one of muslin and three of soosey, a cotton cloth. The board replied on 10 August 1749 offering assistance in bringing the bales ashore to be dried. The hazards of the crowded anchorage are caught too in a single mishap of 25 March 1748/9, when the Lapwing, getting under sail, collided with one of the Danish ships, carrying away its bowsprit and damaging her own foretopmast. [Film No. 208, 209, 66]

The traffic of the road ran on through the whole record, the Company’s own and foreign ships watering and refreshing at the island. On 21 April 1749 the Prince of Wales, Captain John Pelly, arrived from China, followed by the Duke of Dorset and on 23 April 1749 by the Swedish Hope, of 520 tons, 120 men and twenty-eight guns, laden with tea, porcelain and silks for Gothenburg. On 8 August 1749 a Danish ship named the Copenhagen arrived, of 208 lasts and twenty-four guns, laden with redwood, salt, pepper and bales from Tranquebar and bound for Copenhagen, lying in the road until 16 September 1749. As the season of 1750 opened the record notes two Danish East Indiamen, the King of Denmark of about a thousand tons on 24 March 1750 and the Queen of Denmark on 8 April 1750, both laden with tea, china ware and sugar for Copenhagen, the mingling of English, Swedish, Dutch and Danish ships showing St Helena as a crossroads of the whole European trade with the East. [Film No. 110, 209, 405, 409]

The invoices of the Company’s China ships record the staples of the Canton trade to the last chest. On 8 March 1749/50 the Somerset and the Pelham arrived from China with china ware, sugar candy, sugar and chests of Bohea and Singlo tea, and on 15 March 1749/50 the Delaware brought a like cargo of sugar, tea and blue and white china ware. These cargoes of tea, sugar and porcelain were the great commerce that flowed past the island’s shores, landed here in part for the settlement’s use and retailed to its households, the island a way-station on the tea and textile routes that were the Company’s chief business. [Film No. 384, 400]

The muster of every arriving ship for deserters was a routine of control as much as of record. Lieutenant John Clark reported boarding the Benjamin, and later the Scarborough and Hardwicke, to muster their companies and search for deserters, finding none, and across January to April 1750 he boarded ship after ship, the Royal George, the Durrington, the Admiral Vernon, the Somerset, the Pelham and many more, taking the roll from the commander down through the mates and tradesmen to the seamen and servants. This searching of every ship’s company shows the Company’s concern to prevent its ships being used to carry off men who owed it service, the same concern that governed the exchange of soldiers between garrison and ship, the passengers noted, French and Bourbon and other nationalities among them, again marking the island as a crossing-point of many peoples. [Film No. 57, 69, 413]

The Company’s ships also drew their sea stores from the island to make good the wear of the passage. The goods supplied to the Company’s ships for the quarter ending 31 March 1750 include pitch, turpentine, rosin, blocks and over thirteen hundredweight of cordage, cordage alone coming to nearly £29, the sea stores that fitted a vessel for her voyage. The homeward Indiamen drew rigging and caulking materials from the island to repair their rigging in the road, the store holding the particular gear a vessel needed, the one place between the Cape and England where a dismasted Indiaman could be new-sparred, a great mast of seventy-six feet, a topmast and a spare topmast taken from the Porto Bello standing ready against a ship that came in damaged. [Film No. 279, 425, 426]

Several figures in the store accounts cannot be reconciled, and they deserve a note of caution, for even a carefully kept account could carry a gross slip in a single figure. On the servants’ page for the quarter to 31 December 1748 a line for six and a half hundredweight of cordage was valued at £290 9s 1d, a sum out of all proportion to so small a weight of rope, and the account for the quarter to 31 March 1749 entered 1,102 lb of pork at £110 8s 0d, a figure out of all proportion to the twopence a pound of the rate written beside it. The collection for the quarter ending 30 September 1749 entered double-baked ship’s biscuit at £126 1s 6d, a sum that cannot be squared with the £42 13s 5d struck for the whole bread and flour class of which it formed part, and fifteen pounds of flour at £17 10s against a much greater weight of bread at a lower sum. These readings are given here as the storekeeper wrote them, without any attempt to reconcile them. [Film No. 12, 78, 240]

Slavery and coerced labour

The Company kept a body of slaves on the island, and the accounts treat their clothing, feeding and keeping as a distinct head of charge. The stores issued to the slaves in the quarter to 31 December 1748 came to £51 11s 3½d, and included rice, sugar, pork, beef and shoes for the men and women, the shoes marked for the handicraftsmen, the skilled slaves the Company kept at the masonry, cooperage and other trades, while hooks, lines and twine went to the slaves’ own fishing, the boat the Company had long fitted to feed them from the sea against the cost of meat. The charges for the slaves for the quarter to 30 September 1749 came to over £192, the heaviest single charge of the whole quarterly accounts, the bulk lying in a great periodic issue of clothing, a hundred men’s and seventeen boys’ waistcoats and breeches, over two hundred shirts, and kersey, chelloes and long cloth to clothe the rest at one charge from the store. [Film No. 24, 259]

The single heaviest line in the earliest slaves’ account was 102 blankets at £31 0s 6d, the great cold-weather issue, matching an order of 14 November 1748 that, all the Company’s slaves being in want of blankets, they were supplied one apiece as far as the 102 in store reached. The wording of the order, and the plain fact that the store held only enough for one blanket each, shows both the Company’s provision for its slaves and the narrow limit of that provision, the supply stretched exactly as far as it would go and no further. The great reserve of coarse cloth in the warehouse was held largely against these periodic clothing issues, kersey the plainest and warmest woollen worked into soldiers’ breeches and slaves’ clothing, its holding marking the store’s standing reserve of the cheap stuff by which the Company periodically dressed the whole body of its slaves. [Film No. 24, 286, 290]

The ration the Company fed its slaves is set out in the same accounts, rice by the near two thousand pounds and salt pork as the staples, with brandy served out in drams at hard labour and a small charge of sugar and bohea tea set apart for the sick. A customary allowance of drams and sweetened tea was given at Christmas and to the sick, running through every quarter as the Company’s own charge, congou and bohea tea and 30½ gallons of brandy in the quarter to 31 December 1748, with thread issued for mending their clothes and broad Holland tape for the women’s clothing. In the quarter to 31 December 1749 rosin was issued to make wax for mending their shoes and coloured thread to mend their clothes, the near forty-eight gallons of brandy driving the heaviest work and marking the one festival, the cost of keeping the slaves in work reckoned as closely as the trade of the store. [Film No. 24, 259, 336]

The Company also bought large quantities of rice to feed its slaves, the milled grain more valuable than the yam. On 8 December 1748 the paymaster paid Captain Moth £16 16s for 4,480 lb of rice at three farthings the pound for the use of the Company’s slaves, and further rice was bought through every quarter, the scale of these purchases alongside the yams bought of the planters showing the drought pressing hardest on the feeding of the very people who had least say in the record. The slaves were fed chiefly on yams grown for the purpose, and the paymaster’s account records the buying of them in bulk, Joan Worringham senior paid £21 18s 0d for 14,600 yams for the use of the Company’s slaves in the quarter to 31 March 1749, Thomas Greentree and Grant Scange supplying thousands more, tens of thousands of yams in a single quarter marking a substantial body of slaves whose maintenance was a constant charge. [Film No. 39, 105, 107]

The stock accounts carried the slaves on the Company’s books beside its cattle, a fact recorded with a chilling plainness. The account for March 1749 entered, among the month’s losses, the death of a man slave named Mannow, set down in the same column that reckoned the killing of oxen and the dying of hogs, and the May 1749 account closes its losses with the death of a man slave named Jupiter, entered plainly among the beasts that had died. In June 1749 a man slave named Morris was entered as suspected to be run away, the suspicion of flight noted where a death would otherwise stand, a man taking his chance to flee in the confusion of the crowded season. The October 1749 account records the death of a woman slave named Margaret set down beside a goat given to the sick slaves and the yams expended, the human property of the Company counted with its beasts. [Film No. 74, 142, 165, 302]

The same accounting logic extended to the arrival of slaves, to the birth of a slave child and to the ages of the dead. The stock account for August 1749 enters two slaves named Mootoo and Yeaga received from the Porto Bello, set down in the same column that reckoned the calving of cows and the hatching of poultry, and the September 1749 account closes with the birth of a child named Jack, set down plainly among the increase as the calves and lambs of the month. The November 1749 account records the birth of a child named Pegg among the increase and December 1749 the birth of a child named Dick in the same way, while December 1749 records the deaths of two slaves, Esau and Harry, the latter aged forty-two, Harry’s age set down at his death marking the record keeping the years of its human property as it did the ages of its beasts. [Film No. 221, 238, 311, 319]

The skilled work of the slave handicraftsmen underpinned much of the island’s building and repair, though the record names them only by their function. The charges general for the quarter ending 31 March 1749 show the Company’s own tradesmen working up imported deals into the fittings of the fort, casting blocks for the pump chamber and making rails for the curtain, and brandy was served to the men who launched the long boat, the drams given as customary to the party that ran the heavy boat down into the surf. Where these working parties drew on slave labour the account does not always say, but the shoes issued to the handicraftsmen and the standing drams for hard and wet work point to a workforce in which the Company’s slaves bore much of the heaviest labour of the settlement. [Film No. 87, 91]

The Company supplied the tackle for the slaves to fish for themselves and clothed them from the store. The stores issued for the slaves for the quarter ending 31 March 1750 were headed by rice at over £22, the imported grain the staple of their diet alongside the island’s yams, with salt beef and pork, a small charge of sugar noted as for the sick, and arrack issued as drams, and record fishing hooks and lines for the slaves’ own fishing and shoes and cloth for their clothing. On 16 March 1749/50 the paymaster paid John March for making eighteen pairs of shoes for the slaves at two shillings the pair, the small comforts allowed within a bare provision marking the narrow margin on which the slaves were kept. [Film No. 430, 447]

Slaves also appear through the record as the property of passengers moving through the island, the wider Indian Ocean traffic in people glimpsed in the margin of a ship’s roll. The Oxford from Bombay carried among her passengers in May 1749 two black boys and two black girls belonging to the passengers, and the muster roll of the Porto Bello in July 1749 recorded three slave women as attendants aboard together with two belonging to the Company. The Durrington carried among her crew in February 1749/50 a boy named Cato, entered plainly as a black boy belonging to the cook and listed without surname, their names mostly unrecorded and their status noted only as a possession of those they served. The private wills of the planters show slaves held and bequeathed as ordinary property, the will of Samuel Doveton, proved on 18 September 1749, leaving a black man named Great Jack and a black woman named Peg to his daughter Rebekah, black men and boys to his sons, and a black girl named Sarah to his wife, bequeathed by name alongside mahogany bureaux and china plates. [Film No. 118, 203, 226, 361]

Finance, currencies and accounting

The paymaster’s cash account was kept as a two-sided reckoning, and in the quarter to 31 December 1748 it passed from James Powell, who had held the office through the earlier quarters, to Lieutenant John Clark, who was charged with £1,963 15s 2¾d drawn from the Company’s cash chest to answer the quarter’s salaries, diet money, bounties and labour. Clark kept the account through the whole record, receiving £1,805 11s 7½d on 30 June 1749 and £1,788 16s 6½d for the quarter ending 31 March 1750, the figures rising and falling with the recruit bounties and above all the yams bought through the drought, close to those of the preceding quarters. [Film No. 38, 195, 446]

The specie held in the castle strongroom was a mixture of coin from three continents, told over piece by piece at each month’s close, and is the plainest sign of St Helena’s place in a wide oceanic economy. The count for December 1748 reckoned gold in half-guineas, Venetian coins and 2,500 pagodas at 8s each worth £1,000, and silver in 2,583 dollars, half rials and French francs, the whole gold and silver amounting to £1,812 7s 3¾d before the cash notes were added. The cash account for February 1748 balanced at £2,907 5s 1¼d, its gold including sixty-four Venetian coins and three thousand pagodas valued at £1,200 and its silver a thousand and five dollars, more than fifteen hundred half rials and a parcel of French pieces, the pagoda a South Indian gold coin whose dominance marks how far the island’s money came from the Company’s Indian trade rather than from England. [Film No. 43, 65]

The heterogeneous stock ran on through the record, Venetian, Indian, Danish, Spanish and French coin held side by side. The balance for the end of March 1749 was held in gold pieces, sixty-four Venetian coins, twelve rupees and 1,700 pagodas, in silver dollars, half rials and French coins, and in the island’s own cash notes, the whole amounting to £1,930 10s 11½d, and the cash account for July 1749 balanced at £3,544 3s 4¼d, its gold seventy Venetian coins, rupees and a hundred and fifty-six pagodas and its silver more than six thousand dollars, thousands of rix dollars, half rials, arcpees and French pieces. The cash account for September 1749 balanced at £5,119 8s 2d and that for October 1749, counted on 20 November 1749, at £3,158 14s 7½d, the coin of many nations gathered in one remote strongroom. [Film No. 109, 216, 294, 307]

The island issued its own paper cash notes, which stood alongside the foreign coin as legal tender within the settlement. The returns for April and May 1749 record notes at forty shillings, twenty shillings, five shillings and half a crown, together making £539 5s in notes at each count, and the same £539 5s 0d of notes ran through the June 1749 treasury reckoning. The circulation of locally issued paper notes on a remote island is a striking feature of its economy, a practical answer to the shortage of coin of any single kind, and the settlement held besides a great standing hoard of copper coin that lay unmoved in the store, the inventory of 30 September 1749 valuing the copper money at £133, some sixty-three thousand eight hundred and sixty halfpence, held in bulk against the island’s want of a low coinage. [Film No. 125, 147, 199, 280]

Credit worked through bills of exchange drawn on London, the ordinary instrument by which the Company moved money across oceans without shipping coin, and the treasury served as a bank to every ship that anchored. On 12 December 1748 bills were drawn for £120 to Governor Hutchinson and £300 to Captain Isaac Worth, and when the supercargoes Holmide and Richard Dane applied in March 1749 for a loan of £100 it was advanced against bills drawn on John Collet, merchant in London, payable to the Court of Directors twenty days after sight. On 26 June 1749 sets of bills payable ninety days after sight were issued to Matthew Bagged for £66, to Richard Beale and Martin Harper for £160 and to James Sowell for £127 11s, and on 21 March 1749/50 Francis Wrangham senior paid £100 into the Company’s cash and took bills payable ninety days after sight, while on 26 March 1750 the Governor himself drew bills for £370 on the Court of Directors. [Film No. 6, 67, 155, 450]

The exchange served foreign ships as freely as the Company’s own, the treasury dealing with every hull that anchored under its guns. On 14 August 1749 the board advanced Captain Thomas Browne of the Bombay Castle £110 against bills drawn on Stephen Law, esquire, and on 28 August 1749 Captain Ulrich Wortman of the Danish Copenhagen applied for £230, which the board advanced against bills drawn on John Collet for £299. This shows the ordinary traffic of a remote port that dealt in coin, bills and men with every ship that anchored, making what it could from the shipping of other nations, taking coin from ships’ officers and issuing paper redeemable in London. [Film No. 214, 222, 223]

The Council also drew on treasure passing through in the ships to meet the year’s expenses. On 19 June 1749 it resolved to take one chest of treasure out of the Marlborough, which had been consigned to Bencoolen, advising the Governor and Council there of the fact, and on 21 June 1749 a further quarter of the Company’s treasure was ordered ashore from the same ship. The June 1749 treasury reckoning built through the month on the ships’ balances, the bills of exchange and a whole chest of Spanish silver taken out of the Marlborough, reaching £4,903 11s 2¾d carried over, the closing balance telling over the whole treasure of the chest coin by coin, gold in weighed bullion, Venetians, rupees and 1,500 pagodas and silver in six thousand Spanish dollars and their divisions, the whole standing at £3,546 15s 3½d in specie and notes. [Film No. 146, 198, 199]

The cash side of the account went in a mass of small payments for day labour, reckoned by the day and the task, mixed with the great salary charges in a single ledger. On 31 December 1748 seven men were paid for work at Chubb’s Rock at a shilling a day, William Jones the stone-layer at two shillings, and others for glazing, sawing, sail-making and tending the Company’s livestock in the Great Wood. The paymaster’s account for the quarter ending 31 December 1749 records payments for baking bread, rowing the pinnace, carrying express messages with reports of ships sighted to windward, mowing and haymaking, and lemons and potatoes for the Company’s table, and Michael Frost was paid £9 for cleaning and setting up a sundial and a further sum for a clock. The mixing of the whole garrison’s pay with a few shillings for mending lanterns shows an administration that recorded every penny in the same careful ledger. [Film No. 41, 352, 353]

The care the board took over trust money appears in two entries of the record. On 26 June 1749 Francis Wrangham senior, John Godwin and Francis Wrangham junior, as executors to the late Charles Steward, were sworn in accordance with the Company’s directions before their payment of £200 was accepted, confirming that the sum was held for the account of the orphan of the deceased, the formal oath a check written into the handling of a minor’s estate. The yearly waste account charged to profit and loss the goods lost not by sale but by the ordinary shrinkage of keeping and handling, the reckoning for the year ending 30 September 1749 charging the leakage of casks and the short weight found in weighing out, brandy and arrack leading it as the spirit seeped from the casks, the same waste on the arrack disputed on oath by the former Governor Dunbar in 1746, so that the yearly reckoning of it was a standing point of scrutiny between the storekeeper and the board. [Film No. 156, 297]

The treasury’s revenues in the quiet weeks came chiefly from rents and the settled dues of the establishment rather than from the shipping. The cash account for November 1749, counted on 11 December 1749, recorded rent received from Matthew Spurling and Richard Beale for the renewal of a life in a lease, and the cash account for December 1749 shows the treasury swelling as the store’s takings came in, £1,078 2s 8½d received from the storekeeper for goods sold over the quarter, £15 in licence fees for ten public houses, and a small sum from the plantation for butter and goats, bringing the cash in hand to £4,238 15s 8d. Licences for ten public houses had brought fifteen shillings into the cash in December 1748 as well, a glimpse of the drinking-houses of James Town that the board licensed and taxed. [Film No. 44, 314, 354]

Judiciary and legal practice

The Council acted less as a court than as a conveyancing and administrative authority, its legal work bound up with land and the transfer of interests in it, the restraint on assignment running through every St Helena grant. On 10 April 1749 Francis Sunge petitioned for permission to transfer nine acres of leasehold to John Goodwin, and the request was granted, the assignment of a lease requiring the board’s leave exactly as the standing covenant against selling or disposing of an interest without consent required. This restraint held land in the hands of tenants the board had chosen and kept the Company’s control over who held ground on the island. [Film No. 73]

The formal machinery of a lease can be seen in full in the deeds the board sealed, which set out the legal footing of the whole settlement. The deed sealed to Richard Beale on 10 April 1749 named the Company as the Lords Proprietors of the island, granted the ground for twenty-one years at a yearly rent of five shillings due at Michaelmas, and bound the tenant to allegiance to King George the Second and to the Company, dated by the regnal year and the royal style, the twenty-third year of the reign. It was drawn in two halves, so that the counterpart sealed by Beale himself formed the tenant’s part of the indenture, the ordinary form of a lease by indenture as practised in England, transplanted whole to the island. That so formal an instrument was thought necessary for a narrow slip of ground eighty-two feet by fourteen shows how completely the Company reproduced the legal conventions of the metropole in its distant possession, the town lot carrying a covenant to keep the ground and any building in repair in place of the fencing and wood-planting duties that bound the country leases. [Film No. 76, 77]

The country lease carried covenants of husbandry that the town lot did not, and the deeds set them out fully. The deed executed to John Goodwin on 4 September 1749, granting fifteen and a half acres in the West Division for twenty-one years at a shilling the acre, required him to enclose the parcel at once with a good fence, to maintain it in repair, and to plant and preserve the full proportion of wood and to grow fune, a local hedge plant, around the fences at the proper times of year, the boundaries to remain fixed as the recognised landmarks of the property. The like deed sealed to Matthew Spurling on 13 November 1749 and the lease executed to John Goodwin on 26 February 1749/50, of four and a half acres in the West Division for twenty-one years at two shillings the acre, carried the same fencing and wood-planting covenants, the Company’s concern to protect the timber and pasture of its country grounds written into every grant. [Film No. 219, 305, 378]

The renewal of leases on the fall of a named life was a recurring form of business, the island held on the lives of named persons and renewed by fine as each died. On 6 November 1749 William Matthews Spurling and Richard Beale petitioned to renew a lease dated 30 September 1718, one of its nominees, John French, having died, and asked that Richard Beale junior be inserted in his place, the board approving it on payment of the customary renewal fine of £2 2s 0d. This system of holding land on the lives of named persons was the ordinary tenure of the island, and its working is shown plainly in the small transaction. [Film No. 300]

The proving of wills brought the ordinary forms of English testamentary law before the board. On 22 May 1749 the widow and executrix of the planter Joseph Desfontain, who had died on 16 May 1749, brought his last will to be proved upon the oaths of the subscribing witnesses, the will itself signed on 14 May 1749 before Matthew Purling, William Seale and Benjamin Seale. On 14 August 1749 the executors of Thomas Hayes, planter, presented his will of 16 July 1749, leaving his whole estate to his children George and William upon their coming of age or marriage and giving his mother the right to reside on the estate and manage the children during their minority, the will signed with a cross, the mark of a man who could not write. On 15 January 1750 the executor of John Norton, a soldier who had died in December 1749, presented his will of 2 December 1749, and it was noted that no stamped paper was available for use. [Film No. 127, 210, 315]

A telling point of the island’s own law surfaces in the will of Samuel Doveton, proved on 18 September 1749 after his death on 8 September 1749. His will of 28 July 1749 observed that by the custom of the island widows were entitled to one half of their late husband’s real estate for life, but he considered this unfair when many children had to be supported from the estate, and his wife Margaret had therefore agreed to accept instead a one-sixth share equal with the children, an arrangement recorded in a separate obligation she had signed on 22 March 1748/9. This custom of the widow’s half, and the elaborate legal device by which Doveton set it aside with his wife’s consent, shows a local rule of dower and the care taken to contract out of it within the settled forms of the law. [Film No. 225, 229, 230]

The board handled the estates of the dead as the island’s only authority, registering inventories on the oath of sworn appraisers and knowing the bounds of its own power. On 22 June 1749 John Goodwin and Matthew Purling sought payment of a debt of £240 owed since 1741 by the late Robert Wright to the late John Richardson, acting under a letter of attorney, and the Council replied that it had already reported Wright’s estate to the Company and awaited instructions, and could not assume authority to distribute his effects until orders came. On 23 October 1749 the executors of Thomas Hayes presented an inventory taken and appraised by John Desfontain and Joshua Worrall, who swore they had valued it to the best of their judgement, and Joshua Worrall presented an inventory of the real estate of his deceased brother William Worrall, the oath of two sworn appraisers and the entry of the inventory in the register the guarantee of its honesty. [Film No. 152, 298]

The board also heard and determined a civil dispute over a deceased man’s estate, acting much as a court of equity. On 27 November 1749 Martin Harper, John Doveton and Onesiphorus Gurling submitted a memorial complaining that Joshua Worrall had wrongfully withheld about £40 due to them from the personal estate of the late William Worrall, and the board directed the parties to attend with the disputed account. On 4 December 1749 they appeared and produced it, and upon examining the account the board determined that Joshua Worrall was indeed indebted for the sum claimed, and directed that it be divided as part of the estate. This shows the board resolving a contested claim among the settlers by examining the evidence and giving judgement, its authority reaching to the ordinary disputes of the community. [Film No. 308, 309, 310]

Crime, punishment and discipline

Discipline within the garrison turned on enlistment bounties and the terms of service, and the case of the soldier Andrew Blinman runs through several sittings. On 23 January 1747/8 he was granted his discharge on condition that he repay two guineas of the bounty money he had received three years earlier under the late Governor Dunbar, only three of his five years having expired, and he was then allowed to dispose of his effects and pass his lease to Sergeant Robert Mason. Enlistment itself was a cash transaction, William Davis paid £3 5s on 10 October 1748 for his enlistment to serve five years, the bounty paid on entry and clawed back on early discharge showing the Company binding its soldiers by money as much as by discipline. On 28 August 1749 Lawrence Peterson was granted his discharge and leave to depart in the Danish Copenhagen only on repaying three guineas of his bounty, and £3 3s was received back from him, since only two years of his contracted service had expired. [Film No. 45, 46, 222]

The garrison was a shifting body of men whose comings and goings the board managed by a constant exchange between soldier and sailor. On 27 February 1748/9 Patrick Hamilton, whose service was due to expire that October, was allowed to exchange his position with John Peterson of the Efox, who agreed to serve the Company as a soldier for five years without bounty money, the board discharging Hamilton and enlisting Peterson in his place. The needs of a short-handed ship could override the ordinary rules, Captain George Mead of the Benjamin representing on 27 February 1748/9 that his ship was twelve men short and the board agreeing, for the security of the Company’s property on board, that six named men be discharged and permitted to join her, this willingness to strip the garrison to man a departing Indiaman showing where the board’s priorities lay. [Film No. 56, 58]

The re-enlistment of soldiers by bounty was a recurring means of holding the garrison together. On 22 September 1749 the paymaster paid a total of £47 5s to nine men for re-enlisting to serve five years, each receiving £5 5s, and further men re-enlisted through the quiet months, Moses Memento on 17 December 1749 and Duncan McLaren, Robert Starke, John Hayley and Thomas Hailes on 1 January 1749/50, each taking the customary bounty money for a further five years. The offering of a fixed bounty for a further term was the ordinary way the Company retained its trained soldiers, though the desertion of George Exton within days of receiving the same bounty shows the limits of the inducement. [Film No. 275, 317]

Desertion was the commonest offence in the record, the flight of soldiers and mariners aboard the homeward ships, and it ran heaviest as the fleets came and went. On 15 May 1749 William Young, a soldier of the First Company, was recorded missing since the previous Sunday, and it was supposed he had deserted in one of the ships that had sailed that day, and when Admiral Griffin’s squadron departed in June 1749 the mariner William Bateman was found to have gone missing the day before. Four men, John Davis, James Vaughan, John Smith and Joseph Newman, were reported missing on the day the Oxford, the Exeter and the Colchester sailed on 30 June 1749, and as they had not since been heard of it was supposed they had deserted in one of those ships. George Exton was supposed to have deserted after the Porto Bello sailed, and on 26 March 1750 James Beplow was recorded missing on the day the Somerset and Pelham sailed, the crowded road that brought the island its trade also offering its discontented soldiers their readiest means of escape. [Film No. 117, 144, 161, 406]

The reach of the island’s authority over the crews of visiting ships appears in a case of assault at the end of June 1749. Corporal Joseph Long represented that Robert Graham, a seaman of the Oxford, had insulted and struck him as he brought another sailor down to the guard, the charge proved on the evidence of four seamen and the word of Lieutenant Beale, with a wound to one Shelford’s belly and a knife in Graham’s hand weighing against him, and the board gave its opinion that Graham should receive eighty lashes, the summary justice the island dealt a striking sailor before his ship carried him off. The paymaster’s account records the plainer machinery of order on the island, payments to John Lang for travelling into the country to apprehend Thomas Warner under the Governor’s warrant, and to William Draper for burning a house belonging to William Sampson, the marshal and hired men carrying out the board’s warrants across the island. [Film No. 158, 447]

The internal discipline of the companies can be traced in the pay roll’s notes of men reduced, discharged and moved between units, each paid only to the day his service changed. Samuel Richardson was paid seven days as corporal before being reduced in rank and serving out the quarter as a sentinel, and men were constantly transferred between the foot companies and the artillery, their pay apportioned to the day of each change. The roll for the quarter to 30 September 1749 notes the sentinel John Brown who died on 10 September 1749, John Clay discharged on 25 September 1749, Thomas Dyson sent to Bencoolen on 7 July 1749, and George Exton who deserted on 12 August 1749, the careful docking of pay to the exact day of death, discharge, transfer or desertion showing how precisely the establishment tracked the movement of every man on its books. [Film No. 94, 265, 271]

Religion and education

The offices of religion and instruction were held by Company servants on modest salaries, the small establishment supporting a single chaplain and a single schoolmaster among its people. The chaplain William Loveday held the island’s religious establishment, entered on the pay roll for the quarter to 31 December 1748 at £25 salary with diet money, and on 19 December 1748 he paid £50 into the Company’s cash on his bond, ministering to a community whose parish life turned on the chapel in the valley where the vestry met. His salary and diet money together were worth £40 for the year across the record, and the schoolmaster Richard Beale, paid £3 8s 3d for his teaching with a further £5 as clerk, provided what schooling the settlement kept and kept the parish register, education a lesser charge than religion. [Film No. 26, 92, 341]

The forms of the established church were kept up on the island, though the record touches them only lightly. In the quarter to 31 March 1749 Moses Menanto was paid six shillings for binding two Church Prayer Books, and Moses Menanto was paid six shillings for the like elsewhere, small charges that show the maintenance of Anglican worship at the settlement. The Chapel in the valley served as the place where the inhabitants were assembled to hear the Governor, so the church building was the natural centre of the community’s public life as well as its worship, the publishing of the King’s proclamation of peace in June 1749 likewise a public and quasi-religious act of the settled order. [Film No. 107, 130]

The funerals of the establishment’s dead were marked with the settled forms of Christian burial and the honour of the guns. The gunner’s account for February 1748 records powder expended at the funeral of Edward Gill, that for November 1749 powder fired over the grave of Robert Stacey, and that for December 1749 powder fired at the funeral of the soldier John Norton, the guns fired over a grave as the settled mark of respect to the establishment’s dead. The garrison account for the quarter ending 31 December 1749 records deals and nails issued for coffins, the timber to bury the soldiers who died through the quiet months, the whole passage of a member of the establishment from muster to grave attended by the forms of religion and the honours of the garrison. [Film No. 61, 312, 320]

Social order

The relation between the Company’s government and the island’s inhabitants appears most clearly in a dispute over provisions in May 1749. On 25 May 1749 the inhabitants were summoned to the Chapel in the valley, where the Governor explained that the provisions sent to market were not enough to supply both his household and the sick in the hospital, and asked that they send an additional animal each week, and the inhabitants asked for time and deferred their answer. Their written reply, delivered through the Vestry on 25 May 1749 and signed by order of the Vestry by Francis Wragham, Thomas Greentree and others, agreed to supply thirty or forty pounds of meat each Wednesday for the hospital, though it obliged them to slaughter breeding stock, and asked only that it be taken at the price already agreed. The existence of a Vestry acting for the inhabitants, and its measured bargaining over price and quantity, shows a degree of local self-organisation beneath the Company’s government. [Film No. 130, 131, 132]

The Company marked the fixed festivals of the year and the King’s loyalty with allowances of drink, reckoned as carefully as any other charge. The garrison account for the quarter ending 31 December 1749 records five gallons of brandy given the soldiers on His Majesty’s birthday and arrack served in drams on mustering, the one a festival marked with drink and salute, the other the working ration on parade days, and the slaves’ account likewise records brandy served both in drams at hard labour and as their customary allowance at Christmas. The scattered forts and guardhouses were kept warmed, lit and watched through the long cold nights, the garrison account for that quarter issuing eighty-nine pounds of bohea tea to the several guards and fifty-two gallons of train oil to light the guardhouses, the two heaviest lines, a warm drink at the posts against the cold and the tedium of the watch. [Film No. 336, 337, 338]

Death was a frequent visitor to the small community, and the consultations register it week by week among the ordinary business, each entry serving to close a man’s pay to the day and to keep the register of the establishment’s people. The record notes the deaths of William Pavet, a boy, on 15 August 1749, of Samuel Doveton the planter and John Browne the soldier both on 8 September 1749, of John, son of the planter John Despountain, on 7 December 1749, of the soldier John Norton on 13 December 1749, of the child of the soldier Thomas Watts on 16 December 1749, and of Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Clark, on 20 December 1749. On 7 May 1749 George, the son of John Bagley, died, the entering of a child’s death in the same minutes as the arrival of ships and the counting of cattle showing how the consultation served as the single register of the island’s life. [Film No. 116, 215, 310, 316]

Sick officers of the passing ships sought leave to recover on the island, its temperate climate valued for restoring the health of crews worn by the eastern voyages. On 17 March 1749/50 Captain Carter of the Chesterfield and his surgeon certified that three of his mates, Nichols, Spink and Hays, were so weakened by sickness that their lives would be endangered by continuing the voyage, and the Council allowed them to stay until they recovered and a passage offered. The professional men of the establishment could themselves be recruited from the ships that called, James Stevenson, surgeon’s mate of the Scarborough, engaged on 7 April 1749 after being recommended as highly capable and approved by Samuel Falconer, the Company’s surgeon, the constant traffic of the roadstead supplying not only goods and coin but the skilled labour a remote settlement could not always raise for itself. [Film No. 72, 386, 387]

Personalities

Governor Charles Hutchinson stands at the head of the record, his commission brought out by the Swift in March 1747 and his name at the foot of every consultation, and he is seen most clearly in his handling of Boscawen. In his letters of 11 February 1749/50 he combined deference to the Crown with a firm and reasoned defence of the Company’s interest, refusing the Admiral’s full demand for provisions while keeping a small supply ready for the sick, and his success in holding to the refusal against a forceful naval counter-argument shows a capable administrator who could resist pressure from a homeward admiral without giving open offence, protecting the Company’s ships and servants as his first charge. [Film No. 5, 366, 367]

Captain David Hunter served throughout as Lieutenant Governor and as husband of the Company’s herds, subscribing the monthly stock accounts in his own hand and having his rooms glazed and fitted at the Company’s charge as he settled into his place. His management of the herds through the heaviest beef demand of the year, the breeders spared while the steers went to the ships, shows the steady husbandry the island depended on, the June 1749 stock account he subscribed recording both the great victualling of the fleet and the flight of the slave Morris, though the change in the signing of the record at the end of July 1749 leaves a small question over his continuity in the office. [Film No. 8, 23, 165]

Rear Admiral Edward Boscawen appears as the great outside force of the season, homeward from the war in India. His demand for eleven thousand pounds of fresh meat, pressed in his letters of 16 and 31 January and 11 February 1749/50, tested the island’s resources and its loyalties, and his argument that the King’s forces served the Company’s own protection was a claim of some weight. That he at length accepted a far smaller supply of 3,085 lb of beef and gave leave for his men to enlist shows a commander willing, after insistence, to accommodate the practical limits of a small station. [Film No. 359, 367]

The gunner John French is the figure whose hand most marks these accounts, his signature closing every gunner’s and stores account through the whole run, serving as master gunner of the artillery company at the head of the island’s ordnance and drawing the highest artillery salary on the roll. The record states plainly that he died on 27 October 1748, yet his signature continued to appear against the paper stores month after month, the returns for October 1749 and for January, February and March 1750 all carrying his name, and he heads the Artillery Company in the pay list for the quarter ending 31 December 1749 as master gunner still. His name stood as a nominee on a lease that had to be renewed on 6 November 1749 when his death fell in, and he appears in the rent roll of 2 October 1749 as John French, deceased, holding eleven acres of free land, the recurrence of a dead man’s name in the working papers showing how the settled forms of the record could outlast the man they named. A namesake John French, a lieutenant of the fourth company, died on the same 27 October 1748, and a third John French appears paying a debt of £45 12s 10½d into the treasury, a reminder of how a few surnames recur across the small society of the island. [Film No. 301, 300, 350]

Michael Frost emerges from the closing weeks as the settlement’s man of particular skill, the one person judged fit to keep its instruments in order. On 1 January 1749/50 the board granted him a salary of £5 a year to maintain the Company’s clocks and mathematical instruments, and the paymaster’s account records him paid £9 for cleaning, repairing and setting up a sundial and a further sum for a clock. He appears again in the pay list as a corporal of the Second Company, so that the settlement’s clockkeeper and instrument-mender was also a serving soldier, a single man’s skill with clocks and dials valued and paid for alongside his duty under arms. [Film No. 317, 353, 344]

Samuel Doveton emerges most fully of the older planting families, and his death on 8 September 1749 marks the passing of a leading man of the island, a valuer and juror who appears through the record in the leases, surveys and estate business of the settlement. His will, proved on 18 September 1749, reveals a considerable estate of freehold and leasehold lands across the island, named slaves, silver plate and fine furniture, and a careful provision for a widow and five children, the elaborate division of his lands parcel by parcel and boundary by boundary and his contracting out of the widow’s customary half showing a man of property ordering his affairs with deliberate care. The planter Joseph Desfontain emerges as fully through the will he made on 14 May 1749 as he lay sick and died two days later, his careful provision for his wife and his six named children, Samuel, William, John, Mary, Ruth and Elizabeth, and his direction that his two eldest sons should not take their shares until his debts were paid, giving a rare and human glimpse behind the official record of a St Helena planter’s family. [Film No. 128, 220, 225]

Richard Beale runs through the record as a figure woven into the legal, religious and family life of the settlement, appearing in several capacities at once. He was the schoolmaster and clerk, the petitioner and grantee of the strip of waste ground in James Valley, a witness to the wills of Thomas Hayes and Samuel Doveton, and father-in-law to Doveton, whose will left him a suit of mourning and named him among the executors, his daughter Margaret the widow whose obligation of 22 March 1748/9 set aside the customary widow’s half. That a single man should appear as schoolmaster, parish clerk, leaseholder, witness, executor and father-in-law across these connected wills shows the overlapping roles a small settlement required of its literate men and the close kinship of the island’s leading families, its property passing among a handful of intermarried households. [Film No. 62, 211, 226]

Two sea captains step briefly out of the record through the distress of their ships. Captain Richard Wood of the Colchester begged the Council for men in his letter of 12 June 1749, having lost twenty-four of his best hands and expecting three or four more to die, and the Council agreed the same day to give him ten men whose service was ending, the exchange laying bare the human cost of the long eastern voyages. The soldier John Norton steps out through his death on 17 December 1749 and the proving of his modest will, his few possessions, an iron pot, a red chest and his clothing, left to fellow soldiers, and his appointment of Robert Vickers of the Artillery Company to pay his creditors, giving a rare glimpse of the small world of a common soldier’s goods and friendships, his marking of the will with his hand marking him as one of the many of the garrison who could not write. [Film No. 144, 315, 349]

Conclusion

Taken together, the records from January 1747/8 to April 1750 show St Helena as a small, carefully governed garrison colony living through a long passage from war to peace and from dearth to plenty. A long drought had crippled the Company’s own crop and turned it into a buyer of yams and rice from its own settlers, the herds husbanded and the slaves kept on a supply stretched exactly as far as it would go, before the middle of 1749 brought the crop back and a settled self-sufficiency in the staple food. The peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, publicly proclaimed with twenty-one guns on 11 June 1749, lifted the island’s war footing, the batteries kept in repair rather than built up, while the road filled season by season with English, Swedish, Dutch and Danish ships and the occasional Royal Navy squadron, and emptied again to a deep quiet in which the herds bred and recovered. The firm refusal of Boscawen’s full demand for provisions in February 1749/50, backed by a careful reckoning of the island’s cattle, marks the confidence of a settled administration at the close of the record. [Film No. 8, 163, 359]

The record’s great strength is its detail, and its great limit is its silence. It counts every ounce of powder and every blanket, every cask of short-delivered brandy and every coin in the treasury chest, yet it speaks of the island’s slaves only through the goods issued to them and the entries in the stock accounts, the man Mannow and the woman Margaret set down among the losses of livestock, the children Jack, Pegg and Dick entered as increase, Esau and Harry as losses with their ages set down like those of beasts, and the flight of Morris noted among the changes in the herds. The settlers reach the page chiefly through their leases, debts and wills, the handicraftsmen named only by their trade, the sentinels reduced to a name and a sum, and the store’s figures, careful as they were, carried gross errors its own totals did not catch. Kept for the Court of Directors in London, it shows the Company’s side of the island’s life in full and the rest only by inference. Read with that caution, and against the wider history of the Company’s trade and its wars, it remains a close and valuable view of one colonial settlement across the middle years of the eighteenth century. [Film No. 24, 142, 302]

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OCR Transcription

Modern Interpretation and analysis

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Document Name and Date: St Helena Records 1748–50

Photographer: Shelley

Date photographed: 25 November 2021

Additional comments: [blank]

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Book cover

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Blank page

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Island St Helena
At a Consultation held on Monday the 2ᵈ day of January 1748 at the Castle
Present Charles Hutchinson Esqᵣ Govʳ Capt David Hunter Secʸ Govʳ Lieut John Clark of Council
The last Consultation was read approved and signed. Saturday the 31ˢᵗ December Arrived the Swift Snow Capt Bell from Fort St David
Received of Major Jackson the Sum of £1.19.9 in full of his Debt due to the Estate of the late Govʳ Goodwin
Mr Goodwin Acquainted Us that the Books of Accounts are Copied, & they are now Examining, in Order to be forwarded by the Honʳᵇˡᵉ Companys Snow the Swift
Received of Francis Sturges the Sum of £50 in part of his Debt due to the Estate of the late John Goodwin Esqʳ Deceased

A meeting of Council took place at the Castle on Monday 2 January 1748, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Captain David Hunter, who served as Secretary to the Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark as a member of Council.

The record of the previous meeting was read, approved, and signed.

On Saturday 31 December, the Swift snow commanded by Captain Bell arrived from Fort St David.

A payment of £1 19s 9d was received from Major Jackson in full settlement of the debt he owed to the estate of the late Governor Goodwin.

Mr Goodwin informed the Council that the account books had been copied and were being examined before being sent to the Honourable Company by the Swift.

A further payment of £50 was received from Francis Sturges as part of his debt owed to the estate of the late John Goodwin Esq, deceased.

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Capt Joseph Powell presented the following Petition
To Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour & Council
The Humble Petition of Joseph Powell
Sheweth
That as there is an Opportunity now offers for your Petitioner to leave the Island, and proceed to England humbly prays that he may have liberty so to do. And your Petitioner as in duty bound shall ever pray
Signed Joseph Powell
Granted
He likewise applyed to Us for Liberty to pay Two Hundred and Eleven Pounds into the Honʳᵇˡᵉ Companys Cash here, We this day received it & given him Bills drawn on the Honʳᵇˡᵉ the Court of Directors, payable to himself or Order Ninety days after Sight.
Captain John Bell having applyed to us for liberty to pay Two Hundred and Twelve Pounds into the Honʳᵇˡᵉ Companys Cash here, We this day received it of him and given him Bills drawn on the Honʳᵇˡᵉ the Court of Directors for that Sum payable to himself or Order Ninety days after Sight.
Chaˢ Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

Captain Joseph Powell submitted a petition addressed to Governor Charles Hutchinson and the Council. In it, he stated that an opportunity had arisen for him to leave the island and travel to England, and he therefore requested permission to do so. His request was approved.

He also applied to pay £211 into the Honourable Company’s treasury on the island. The Council received the amount that day and issued him bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, payable to himself or his order ninety days after sight.

Captain John Bell likewise applied to pay £212 into the Honourable Company’s treasury. The Council received that amount from him on the same day and issued him bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors for the same sum, payable to himself or his order ninety days after sight.

The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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At a Consultation held on Monday the 9ᵗʰ day of January 1748 at the Castle
Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Captain David Hunter Lieut Governour Lieutenant John Clark of Council
The last Consultation was read approved and Signed
Since Ships passed by at a great distance
The Plantation Gunners, and Stewards Accounts for the Month of December last, were this day brought in, which were Examined and Approved and are as follows Vizᶻ

A meeting of Council took place at the Castle on Monday 9 January 1748, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Captain David Hunter, who served as Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark as a member of Council.

The record of the previous meeting was read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that ships had recently sailed past the island at a considerable distance.

The accounts of the plantation gunners and stewards for the month of December were then presented, examined, and approved, as recorded in the following statements.

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Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &ca for the Month of December 1748

Neat Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hogs, Poultry, Horses

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearling, Heifers, Steers, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Weather, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Weather, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Shoots, Pigs, Boars, Total, Fatheep, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining the 1: Bulls 3, Cows 87, Calves 46, Yearling 48, Heifers 16, Steers 11, Oxen 6, Total 217, Ewes 99, Weather 9, Lambs 19, Rams 4, Total 161, Ewes 91, Weather 6, Kids 50, Rams 5, Total 152, Sows 5, Barrows 1, Shoots 7, Pigs 21, Boars 1, Total 35, Fatheep 22, Fowls 123, Ducks 14, Geese 26, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Encreased: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Weather 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Weather 0, Kids 4, Rams 0, Total 4, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoots 0, Pigs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Fatheep 0, Fowls 30, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Bulls 3, Cows 87, Calves 46, Yearling 48, Heifers 16, Steers 11, Oxen 6, Total 217, Ewes 99, Weather 9, Lambs 19, Rams 4, Total 161, Ewes 91, Weather 6, Kids 54, Rams 5, Total 156, Sows 5, Barrows 1, Shoots 7, Pigs 21, Boars 1, Total 35, Fatheep 22, Fowls 153, Ducks 14, Geese 26, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Killed: Bulls 1, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 2, Weather 1, Lambs 2, Rams 0, Total 6, Ewes 0, Weather 2, Kids 2, Rams 0, Total 1, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoots 0, Pigs 0, Boars 0, Total 33, Fatheep 22, Fowls 153, Ducks 14, Geese 26, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Died: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Weather 1, Lambs 2, Rams 0, Total 3, Ewes 3, Weather 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 3, Sows 0, Barrows 0, Shoots 3, Pigs 0, Boars 0, Total 3, Fatheep 0, Fowls 21, Ducks 1, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Remaining the 31: Bulls 2, Cows 87, Calves 46, Yearling 18, Heifers 15, Steers 11, Oxen 6, Total 215, Ewes 94, Weather 7, Lambs 17, Rams 4, Total 152, Ewes 88, Weather 4, Kids 52, Rams 5, Total 149, Sows 5, Barrows 1, Shoots 5, Pigs 18, Boars 1, Total 30, Fatheep 20, Fowls 131, Ducks 14, Geese 26, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

To Beef to the Swift Wt

ilb

To Beef to the Markett

58

To 2 Goats to Do

34 1/2

To 1 Bull to the Slaves Wt

486

To 2 Hogs Killed one of them Measley

To Yams Expended of the Honble Company

2000

To Yams Bought

32.125

34.125

Signed David Hunter

The account set out the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other animals for the month of December 1748, the movements of each class recorded from the opening figures at the start of the month to those remaining at its close.

Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle etc for the month of December 1748:

Neat cattle classes: bulls, cows, calves, yearlings, heifers, steers, oxen, total

Sheep classes: ewes, wethers, lambs, rams, total

Goats classes: ewes, wethers, kids, rammers, total

Hogs classes: sows, barrows, shoats, pigs, boars, total

Poultry classes: turkeys, fowls, ducks, geese

Horses classes: horses, mares, total

Remaining the 1st:

Neat cattle: 3 bulls, 87 cows, 46 calves, 48 yearlings, 16 heifers, 11 steers, 6 oxen, 217 total

Sheep: 99 ewes, 9 wethers, 19 lambs, 4 rams, 161 total

Goats: 91 ewes, 6 wethers, 50 kids, 5 rammers, 152 total

Hogs: 5 sows, 1 barrow, 7 shoats, 21 pigs, 1 boar, 35 total

Poultry: 22 turkeys, 123 fowls, 14 ducks, 26 geese

Horses: 8 horses, 3 mares, 11 total

Increased:

Goats: 1 kid, 1 total

Poultry: 30 fowls

Killed:

Neat cattle: 3 bulls, 87 cows, 46 calves, 48 yearlings, 16 heifers, 11 steers, 6 oxen, 217 total

Sheep: 99 ewes, 9 wethers, 19 lambs, 4 rams, 161 total

Goats: 91 ewes, 6 wethers, 54 kids, 5 rammers, 156 total

Hogs: 5 sows, 1 barrow, 7 shoats, 21 pigs, 1 boar, 33 total

Poultry: 22 turkeys, 153 fowls, 14 ducks, 26 geese

Horses: 8 horses, 3 mares, 11 total

Killed:

Neat cattle: 1 bull

Sheep: 2 lambs

Goats: 6 kids

Hogs: 1 boar

Died:

Sheep: 1 wether, 2 lambs, 3 total

Goats: 3 ewes, 2 wethers, 2 kids, 3 total

Hogs: 3 shoats, 3 total

Poultry: 2 fowls, 2 ducks, 1 total

Remaining the 31st:

Neat cattle: 2 bulls, 87 cows, 46 calves, 18 yearlings, 15 heifers, 11 steers, 6 oxen, 215 total

Sheep: 94 ewes, 7 wethers, 17 lambs, 4 rams, 152 total

Goats: 88 ewes, 4 wethers, 32 kids, 5 rammers, 149 total

Hogs: 5 sows, 1 barrow, 5 shoats, 18 pigs, 1 boar, 30 total

Poultry: 20 turkeys, 131 fowls, 14 ducks, 26 geese

Horses: 8 horses, 3 mares, 11 total

Beef to the Swift, 58 lb

Beef to the market, 341½ lb

2 goats to ditto, 486 lb

1 bull to the slaves, [with above brace]

2 hogs killed, one of them measly

Yams expended of the Honourable Company, 2,000

Yams bought, 32,125

Total yams, 34,125

The account was signed by David Hunter.

Interpretations

The heading rows of this return name the classes within each species, the neat cattle divided into bulls, cows, calves, yearlings, heifers, steers and oxen, the sheep and goats each into their sorts and the hogs into sows, barrows, shoats, pigs and boars. The killed and died rows are set out with every class against its figure so that the loss in each sort can be told, the movement of the herds and flocks traced from the opening count to the close, the subtotals checking each species against its parts.

The yams bought at 32,125 against only 2,000 of the Company's own expended show the settlement in the grip of the long drought, the Honourable Company buying near the whole of its slaves' and stock's staple from the planters rather than drawing it from its own exhausted grounds. This reversal of the ordinary relation, in which the Company fed itself from its plantations and set the island's prices, marks the depth of the failure of the crop, the settlers for once selling the staple to the Company at their own rate.

Beef, goats and a bull issued to the ship Swift, to the market and to the slaves show the several calls on the herds in the month, the small parcel of beef to the vessel in the road, the larger weight to the island market and the meat to the Company's own labour. The killing of a bull for the slaves and of two hogs, one condemned measly, marks the ordinary provisioning of the establishment from its stock, the diseased hog cut from the herd rather than eaten.

The poultry alone increased in the month, thirty fowls added against the losses of the four-footed stock, the birds breeding on while the sheep, goats and hogs were thinned by killing and death through the winter. The steadiness of the cows, oxen and horses against the falling sheep and goats shows the Company sparing its breeding cattle and working beasts while it drew on the lesser stock, the herds held together through the drought against the shipping season to come.

9

5

1748

the Day of the Month

Gunners Stores Expended in December 1748

Powder, Shott, Wads, Tubes, Match

2 Alarm: Powder 6, Shott 4, Wads 2, Tubes 0, Match 13

Do Alarm at Sarts Cap for the same ship: Powder 2, Shott 2, Wads 0, Tubes 0, Match 6

Do Arrived the Houghton Capt Worth: Powder 9, Shott 0, Wads 9, Tubes 0, Match 9

13 Powder for repairing the Small Warlike & for ye East Ind Party: Powder 0, Shott 0, Wads 0, Tubes 0, Match 2

18 Departed the Houghton Capt Worth: Powder 9, Shott 0, Wads 9, Tubes 0, Match 9

22 Powder to Capt Hunter for the Stone Blaster: Powder 0, Shott 0, Wads 0, Tubes 0, Match 2

30 Alarm: Powder 6, Shott 4, Wads 0, Tubes 2, Match 13

31 Arrived the Swift Capt Bell: Powder 9, Shott 0, Wads 9, Tubes 0, Match 9

Powder to the Funeral of John Ellis: Powder 0, Shott 0, Wads 0, Tubes 0, Match 2 1/4

Powder for Priming: Powder 0, Shott 0, Wads 0, Tubes 0, Match 3

Powder for Signals: Powder 0, Shott 0, Wads 0, Tubes 0, Match 1/4

Totall: Powder 11, Shott 10, Wads 27, Tubes 4, Match 68 1/2

Paper for making small Cartredges

Quire 2 1/2

Tompeons broke at Bankes

7

Match burnt at the Main Fort

7

Signed John French

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month of December 1748 Vizt

27 Bottles Port Wine

2 1 3/4

34 Do Lisbon

2 11 8 1/2

21 Do Madeira

2 4 7 1/2

111 Do Strong Beer

2 3 8 1/2

122 Do Small 58 3/4 Gallons

33 1/2 Doz Goa Arrack

11 10 3/4

378 Flour

2 7 1 3/4

201 Mutton

4 3 9

43 Pork

1 1 6

2 Kids

10

60 Beef

15

11 pr Salt Pork

1 2 .

21 Fowls

1 11 6

2 Turkeys

10

50 Sugar

6 3

30 Candy

1 8 9

38 3/4 Butter

1 7 6 1/2

24 7 6 1/2

Mr John

The account set out the gunner's stores expended in December 1748, followed by the sundries drawn at the castle over the same month, the powder charged occasion by occasion against the guns fired and the day of each entry noted in the margin.

Gunner's stores expended in December 1748:

2nd, alarm, 6 guns fired, 4 minions, 2 falcons, 4½ lb powder, 13 total

ditto, alarm at Sarke's Cap for the same ship, 2 guns fired, 2 falcons, 6 lb powder

ditto, arrived the Houghton Captain Worth, 9 guns fired, 9 falcons, 9 lb powder

13th, powder for repairing the small ordnance for the East Fort party, 2 lb powder, 2 total

18th, departed the Houghton Captain Worth, 9 guns fired, 9 falcons, 9 lb powder

22nd, powder to Captain Hunter for the stone blaster, 2 lb powder

30th, alarm, 6 guns fired, 4 minions, 2 falcons, 4½ lb powder, 13 total

31st, arrived the Swift Captain Bell, 9 guns fired, 9 falcons, 9 lb powder

powder to the funeral of John Ellis, 2¼ lb powder

powder for priming, 3 lb powder

powder for signals, ¼ lb powder

Total, 41 guns fired, 10 minions, 27 falcons, 4 [—], 68¼ lb powder

Paper for making small cartridges, 2 quire

Tompions broke at Banks's, 2

Match burnt at the main fort, 7

The gunner's account was signed by John French.

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of December 1748:

27 bottles port wine, £2 1s 6¾d

34 bottles lisbon, £2 11s 8½d

21 bottles madeira, £2 4s 7½d

111 bottles strong beer, £2 3s 8¼d

122 bottles small, 58¾ gallons, [with above brace]

33½ gallons goa arrack, £0 11s 10¾d

348 lb flour, £2 7s 1¼d

201 lb mutton, £1 3s 9d

43 lb pork, £1 1s 6d

2 kids, £0 0s 10d

6 lb beef, £0 0s 15d

11 lb salt pork, £0 1s 2d

21 fowls, £1 11s 6d

2 turkeys, £0 0s 10d

50 lb sugar, £0 6s 3d

30 lb candy, £0 8s 9d

38¾ lb butter, £1 18s 7d

Total, £21 7s 6¾d

The castle sundries account was subscribed by Matthew Purling.

Interpretations

The gunner's account records the powder spent gun by gun on the alarms and salutes of the month, the arrival and departure of the Houghton and the arrival of the Swift each drawing a nine-gun salute, the two alarms of four minions and two falcons fired at four and a half pounds apiece. The classing of the salutes as wholly falcons, the smallest pieces, shows the settlement sparing its store by reserving the least guns for ceremony, the minions kept for the sharper alarms that warned of a strange sail.

The powder issued to Captain Hunter for the stone blaster shows the gunner's stores serving the settlement's works as well as its defence, the blaster a charge for splitting rock in quarrying or clearing ground. The two pounds charged to this use, entered among the salutes and alarms, marks the powder magazine as a general resource, the same store that answered the guns furnishing the means to break stone for the Company's building.

The funeral of John Ellis drawn a charge of powder shows the firing of guns over a soldier's grave, the military honour rendered to one of the garrison at his burial and charged to the gunner's account like any other occasion. The small measures of powder for priming and for signals entered beside it mark the range of the gunner's ordinary business, the daily working of the guns and the making of their cartridges told to the quarter-pound.

The castle sundries were the drink and provisions drawn for the Governor's own table, the wines, beers and arrack far outweighing the meat and other food as on the general table. The port, lisbon, madeira and beer together made up the great part of the account, the several imported wines marking the establishment of the castle above the plainer diet of the garrison, the drink the heaviest charge on the household as it was throughout the settlement's accounts.

10

6

Mr John French paid into the Honʳᵇˡᵉ Companys Cash the Sum of £45.12.10½ in full of his Debt to the Estate of the late John Goodwin Esqʳ
Chaˢ Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 16ᵗʰ day of January 1748 at the Castle
Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Govʳ Capt David Hunter Lieut Govʳ Lieut John Clark of Council
The last Consultation was read approved and Signed
Monday the 9ᵗʰ Sailed the Honʳᵇˡᵉ Companys Snow the Swift
The Storekeeper brought in his Collections and the Paymasters Account for the Quarter ending the 31ˢᵗ Decʳ last which were Examined & Approved and are as follows Vizᶻ

Mr John French paid £45 12s 10½d into the Honourable Company’s treasury in full settlement of his debt to the estate of the late John Goodwin Esq.

The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A meeting of Council took place at the Castle on Monday 16 January 1748, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Captain David Hunter, who served as Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark as a member of Council.

The record of the previous meeting was read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Monday 9 January, the Honourable Company’s snow Swift had sailed from the island.

The storekeeper then presented his collections and the paymaster’s account for the quarter ending 31 December, which were examined and approved as recorded in the following statements.

11

7

1748

Collection of Goods Sold & delivered out of the Honble

Companys Stores, from the 7 October to the 31 Decr 1748 Vizt

Sold to the Companys Servants at 10 pCent

Arrack 1 Gallon

5

Brandy 162 Gallons

115 10

Sugar & Candy Vizt

2382 Sugar

39 14

1346 Candy

28 10

67 14 10

Bread & Flour Vizt

1340 Bread

11 1 7

1872 Flour

13 13

1953 3 Do baked

171 6 17

196 3 8½

Soap 306

9 11 3

Tea Vizt

110 Single

7 6 8

3 Cattye Do

8

131 Congo

10 12 2

120 Bohea

6

24 6 10

Deals Vizt

7 Single

12 10

3 Double

8 9

1 ft Riga Timber

2 6 8

3 8 3

Rice & Paddy Vizt

743 Paddy

3 3 3½

1 — 7 Rice

12 9

3 16 ½

Nails Vizt

118 6

2 9 2

45 10

16 10½

35 3

18 11½

Nails Carried over 4 5

Carried Over £ 420 15 11

Goods sold and delivered out of the Honourable Company's stores from 1 October to 31 December 1748, sold to the Company's servants at ten per cent above cost.

1 gallon of arrack, £0 5s 0d

162 gallons of brandy, £115 10s 0d

Sugar and candy:

2,382 lb of sugar, £39 14s 0d

1,346 lb of candy, £28 0s 10d

total, £67 14s 10d

Bread and flour:

1,340 lb of bread, £11 1s 7d

1,872 lb of flour, £13 13s 0d

19,532 lb baked, £171 6s 1¾d

total, £196 3s 8½d

306 lb of soap, £9 11s 3d

Tea:

110 lb of single tea, £7 6s 8d

3 catties of green tea, £0 8s 0d

131 lb of congou tea, £10 12s 2d

120 lb of bohea tea, £6 0s 0d

total, £24 6s 10d

Deals:

7 single deals, £0 12s 10d

3 double deals, £0 8s 9d

1 piece of Riga timber, £2 6s 8d

total, £3 8s 3d

Rice and paddy:

725 lb of paddy, £0 12s 9d

1 bag 7 lb of rice, £3 3s 3¾d

total, £3 16s 0½d

Nails:

118 sixpenny nails, £2 9s 2d

45 tenpenny nails, £0 16s 10¾d

35 threepenny nails, £0 18s 11½d

nails carried over, £4 5s 0d

Carried over, £470 15s 11d

Interpretations

The heading fixes this as the storekeeper's quarterly collection for the winter quarter of 1748, the same account run at £623 8s 0d for the servants alone in the December 1747 to March 1748 quarter and near £817 in the July to September 1748 quarter. Selling to the Company's servants at ten per cent above cost was the settled discount that held the garrison and civil officers to the warehouse rather than to visiting ships, the profit returning to the Company's cash while the men were kept on the island's own supply.

Brandy dominates this opening page at £115 10s 0d for 162 gallons, brandy standing as the cheap bulk spirit against arrack the dear. Only a single gallon of arrack appears beside it, a sign that the Batavia and Goa arrack was near spent from the store, matching the shortage that had run through the year and forced the board to borrow arrack of the planters on 30 June 1747. Candy is sugar boiled and crystallised hard, imported from India alongside the loaf sugar. Single tea, congou and bohea are the black China teas graded by leaf and price, congou the middling and bohea the commonest and cheapest, while the three catties of green tea are the one small parcel of the lighter, dearer kind, a catty being the China pound of about a pound and a third. Deals are sawn softwood boards, and the single piece of Riga timber is Baltic fir shipped by way of England, the costliest item on the page at £2 6s 8d and the material the island could not grow for itself. Paddy is rice still in the husk, issued chiefly to feed the Company's poultry, the milled rice being the more valuable food.

The baked bread at £171 6s 1¾d for 19,532 lb is the heaviest line of the whole page and reflects the grain and baking establishment the Company had built up, the flour drawn from store and turned into loaves for the garrison rather than sold as raw meal. The nails are graded by the old English penny sizes, the sixpenny, tenpenny and threepenny marking length and weight rather than price, a builder's shorthand carried unchanged from England to the island's stores.

12

8

January

Brought over 420 15 11

Nails Brought over 4 5

61 4

1 6 8

6 20

2 1½

10 2

6 8

½ Scupper

1

6 1 5½

March &c Vizt

32 lb Starch

14 10½

7 Hair Powder

1 1½

19 3

Shoes Vizt

77 pr Mens Ordy

16 13 8

1 pr Fine

6 10

5 pr Pumps

1 16 8

18 17 2

Shirts Vizt

102 Soldiers

23 16

1 pr Cotton Stockings

8

24 4

Hosenware Vizt

68 pr Mens Thread Stockings

8 13 3

6 pr Do Woor

1 2

9 pr Do Knit

1 8 6

11 3 9

Lead Vizt

57 Shot

8 6

25 Sheet Lead

1 3½

12 9½

Beef & Pork Vizt

1097 lb Beef

2/

109 14

50 lb Do

5/ ½

7 12 1

1631 lb Pork

2/

163 8

90 lb Do

2½

9 15

290 9 1

Cordage 6½

1 3 5

Carried Over 774 6 10

Goods brought over from the previous page, £470 15s 11d.

Nails brought over, £4 5s 0d

118 sixpenny nails, £1 6s 8d

6 twentypenny nails, £0 2s 1½d

10 twopenny nails, £0 6s 8d

half a hundred of scupper nails, £0 1s 0d

total, £6 1s 5½d

Starch and hair powder:

32 lb of starch, £0 14s 10¾d

7 lb of hair powder, £0 1s 1¾d

total, £0 19s 3d

Shoes:

77 pairs of men's ordinary shoes, £16 13s 8d

1 pair of fine shoes, £0 6s 10d

5 pairs of pumps, £1 16s 8d

total, £18 17s 2d

Shirts:

102 soldiers' shirts, £23 16s 0d

1 pair of cotton stockings, £0 8s 0d

total, £24 4s 0d

Hosiery:

63 pairs of men's thread stockings, £8 13s 3d

6 pairs of worsted stockings, £1 2s 0d

9 pairs of knitted stockings, £1 8s 6d

total, £11 3s 9d

Lead:

57 lb of shot, £0 8s 6d

25 lb of sheet lead, £0 1s 3¾d

total, £0 12s 9¾d

Beef and pork:

1,097 lb of beef at 2d, £9 2s 10d

50 lb of beef at 2½d, £0 10s 5d

1,631 lb of pork at 2d, £13 11s 10d

90 lb of pork at 2½d, £0 18s 9d

total, £24 3s 10d

6½ cwt of cordage, £290 9s 1d

Carried over, £774 6s 10d

Interpretations

The shoes, shirts and hosiery running down this page are the imported manufactures the island could not make for itself, sold from the warehouse to the garrison and civil servants at the settled ten per cent above cost. The 77 pairs of men's ordinary shoes and 102 soldiers' shirts are a bulk clothing issue rather than a private sale, the kind of standing supply the Company kept in store to keep the sentinels shod and shirted through the year. Pumps are the light, thin-soled shoes worn for indoor or dress use against the heavy ordinary shoe, and the fine shoes are the single better pair among the coarse bulk. Hair powder is the scented starch powder dressed into the wigs and hair of the officers and gentlemen, a small parcel beside the practical goods.

The beef and pork are graded at twopence and twopence-halfpenny the pound, the salt provisions from the store rather than the fresh beef of the market, sold to men who could not always draw on the killing of the herd. The nails carry the old English penny sizing, the sixpenny, twentypenny and twopenny marking length and weight, with scupper nails a distinct kind used to fasten the lead scupper linings that carried water off a deck or roof.

The cordage line at £290 9s 1d for six and a half hundredweight is far the heaviest figure on the page and dwarfs every other item, a sum out of all proportion to so small a weight of rope. A stated total this large against so little cordage points either to a slip in the figure or to a quantity or valuation the page does not fully set out, and the reading is given as it stands on the leaf without any attempt to reconcile it against the other lines or the carried-over total.

13

9

1748

Brought over 774 6 10

Salt 6 Bushels

1

Hooks & Lines Vizt

12 ½ Gross Hooks

1 11 1

6 Do Blue Do

2

5 ½ Lines Sorted

13 1

15 Damaged Lines

10 7½

3 2 ½

Duroys 1½ Peces

2 9 6

Garlix 38 ½ Yards

3 3 9

Allejars 2 Pr

1 3 10

Canvas Vizt

6 ½ Yds Sacking

4 10½

1 ½ Yds Duck

2 3

1 5½

Broad Cloth 6 ½ Yds boild

5 9 9½

Buckram Vizt

6 Yds Buckram

5 3

1 Pr Hair Cloths

1 2

6 5

Leather Vizt

7 Calve Skins

2 1 3

70 Leather

3 18 9

6 6

Oil Vizt

27 ½ Gallons Train

1 12 6

6 Bottles Florence

18 6

9 ½ Gallons Linseed

1 16 5

7 7 5

Cutteryware Vizt

10 Pr Mettal Buckles

5 5

63 Horn Combs

9 6

3 Ivory Do

1 1½

1 Horse Do

3½

19 4

Tinnare 2 Water Pots

13 9

Carried over 806 17 9½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £774 6s 10d.

6 bushels of salt, £0 1s 0d

Hooks and lines:

12½ gross of hooks, £1 11s 1d

6 gross of blue hooks, £0 2s 0d

5½ dozen of sorted lines, £0 13s 1d

15 damaged lines, £0 10s 7½d

total, £3 2s 9½d

17 pieces of duroys, £2 9s 6d

38½ yards of garlic, £3 3s 9d

2 pieces of allejars, £1 3s 10d

Canvas:

6½ yards of sacking, £4 10s 4½d

1½ yards of duck, £0 2s 3d

total, £4 12s 7½d

6¼ yards of broadcloth, dyed, £5 9s 9½d

Buckram:

6 pieces of buckram, £0 5s 3d

1 piece of hair cloth, £0 1s 2d

total, £0 6s 5d

Leather:

7 calf skins, £2 7s 3d

70 lb of leather, £3 18s 9d

total, £6 6s 0d

Oil:

27½ gallons of train oil, £1 12s 6d

6 bottles of Florence oil, £0 18s 6d

9½ gallons of linseed oil, £1 16s 5d

total, £7 7s 5d

Cutlery:

10 pieces of metal buckles, £0 5s 5d

63 horn combs, £0 9s 6d

3 ivory combs, £0 1s 1½d

1 horse comb, £0 0s 3½d

total, £0 19s 4d

2 water pots of tinware, £0 13s 9d

Carried over, £806 17s 9½d

Interpretations

The hooks, lines, cloth and oils on this page continue the servants' account of imported manufactures, the kind of small hardware and stuff the island had to draw from the warehouse rather than make for itself. The hooks and lines are the tackle of the island's own fishery, sold by the gross and the dozen, with a parcel of blue hooks and a run of damaged lines cleared at a reduced value. Duroys and allejars are Indian cotton cloths, duroy a coarse woven stuff and allejar a striped cotton, while garlic here is galic or gallix, another light Indian cloth sold by the yard rather than the herb of the same spelling. Buckram is coarse linen stiffened with gum or paste for linings and stiffening, and hair cloth a rough haircloth used for the same purpose or for straining.

Train oil is the coarse oil rendered from whale or fish blubber, burnt in the guard-house lamps and used to dress leather and clean the arms, against which the six bottles of Florence oil are the fine olive oil of Italy kept for the table. The cutlery head gathers the small metal wares, the horn and ivory combs and the single horse comb for grooming, the ivory and the horse comb priced in pence and farthings as the smallest lines on the page. The salt at a single shilling for six bushels and the two tinware water pots close out the run of odds sold to the garrison, the whole carried forward at £806 17s 9½d as the servants' account builds through the winter quarter.

14

10

January

Brought over 806 17 9½

Muslin 3 Peces

1 9 6

Thread Vizt

2 lb Brown

13 6

7 Coloured

1 5 8

7 Ozs Neus

7 10½

2 7 ½

Flannel 13 ½ Yds

1 3

Turnersware Vizt

4 Labourers Baskets

2 5

1 Scrubing Brush

1 6

4 Hair Brooms

8 4

1 Hair Seive

10

4 Mop Sticks

6

1 Bowl

1 ½

1 Platter

1 ½

1 Cloth Brush

1 2½

1 Straineing Dish

9½

2 Wood Ladles

1½

1 6 8½

Ironware Vizt

2 Shod Shovels

3 4

1 Pr Steel Compasses

9½

3 Files

2 1½

2 Frying Pans

3 8

12 Side Hinges

15

17 Pr H Hinges

3 1

5 dozn Wood Screws

3 9

3 Hand Hatchets

5

1 Grafting Saw

3 ½

1 Stone Saw

6 1

1 Scrutore Lock

3 2

1 Chest Lock

3 1

4 Cupboard Locks

11

3 Turners Chissels

3

3 Do Gouges

3

1 Stock Lock

5 5

7 15 3½

Carried over 820 16 7

Goods brought over from the previous page, £806 17s 9½d.

3 pieces of muslin, £1 9s 6d

Thread:

2 lb of brown thread, £0 13s 6d

7 lb of coloured thread, £1 5s 8d

7 ounces of Nuns thread, £0 7s 10½d

total, £2 7s 0½d

13 pairs of flannel, £1 1s 3d

Turnery:

4 labourers' baskets, £0 2s 5d

1 scrubbing brush, £0 1s 6d

4 hair brooms, £0 8s 4d

1 hair sieve, £0 10s 0d

4 mop sticks, £0 0s 6d

1 bowl, £0 1s 0½d

1 platter, £0 1s 0½d

1 cloth brush, £0 1s 2½d

1 straining dish, £0 0s 9½d

2 wooden ladles, £0 0s 0¾d

total, £1 6s 8½d

Ironware:

2 shod shovels, £0 3s 4d

1 pair of steel compasses, £0 0s 9½d

3 files, £0 2s 1½d

2 frying pans, £0 3s 8d

12 side hinges, £0 15s 0d

17 pairs of HL hinges, £0 3s 1d

5 dozen wood screws, £0 3s 9d

3 hand hatchets, £0 5s 0d

1 grafting saw, £0 3s 0½d

1 stone saw, £0 6s 1d

1 scrutoire lock, £0 3s 2d

1 chest lock, £0 3s 1d

4 cupboard locks, £0 11s 0d

3 turners' chisels, £0 3s 0d

3 gouges, £0 3s 0d

1 stock lock, £0 5s 5d

total, £7 15s 3½d

Carried over, £820 16s 7d

Interpretations

The muslin, thread and flannel at the head of this page are the last of the servants' cloth account, the fine cotton muslin sold by the piece and the thread by the pound and ounce. Nuns thread was a fine white sewing thread of the better sort, dearer than the brown and coloured working thread beside it and taking its name from the convent workrooms of the Continent where such thread was spun.

The turnery gathers the wooden and brush wares turned or made up for household and yard use, the labourers' baskets, brooms, mop sticks, bowls, platters and ladles that furnished the castle kitchen, stores and working parties, most priced in pence and farthings as the smallest lines in the whole collection. A hair sieve and hair brooms are made with coarse animal hair set in the frame or head, and a straining dish is the shallow vessel used in the dairy to strain milk.

The ironware is the deepest single head on the page and runs to the tools and fittings of the island's building and repair work, the shod shovels iron-edged for digging, the several kinds of hinge and lock for doors, chests and cupboards, and the saws, hatchets, chisels and gouges of the carpenters and joiners. HL hinges take their name from the H-and-L shape of the two leaves, a common door hinge of the period, while a scrutoire lock is the lock of a writing cabinet or escritoire and a stock lock a heavy wooden-cased lock for an outer door. The whole run shows the store keeping the full kit of a working settlement, every grade of tool and fitting held ready to issue rather than bought fresh from each ship, the account carried forward at £820 16s 7d.

15

11

1748

Brought over 820 16 7

Haberdasheryware Vizt

4½ Dozn G Ct Buttons

10 8½

36 Sh Mohare

13 6

21 Sh Silk

9 1½

1 Gross W Wastcoat Buttons

3 6½

4 dozn M Ct Buttons

6½

5 dozn B Do

1 8

6 Ozs Holland Tape

4 3

½ Gross Shirt Buttons

10½

2 dozn Thread Laces

1 3

1½ Dozn Iron Bd Buttons

2

4 Ozs Needls

1½

2 8 10½

Shalloon 2 Yds

1 6

Camblets 12 ½ Yds

2 6 5½

Earthenware 12 Milk Pans

9 9

Pewter 2 Chamber Setts

6 10

Vinegar ½ Gallon

1 1½

Glassware Vizt

103 Sqr Glass 12 by 12

4 3 8

29 Sqr Do 8 by 10

17 0½

29 Sqr Do 6 by 8

6 10

11 2 ½

Paint Vizt

16 ½ Indico

1 9 2½

70 W Lead

1 5

½ lb Smalts

5 6

10 lb Venetian Red

2 2

lb Verdegreass

1 11 1½

lb Verdegrease

5½

8 lb Chalk

1 3½

lb Copprass

4 10 9

Chinaware Vizt

2 Pitchers

6

12 Soup Plates

5 6

1 Set Sallad Dishes

10 6½

40 Meat Plates

9 2½

42 Nogging Cups & Saucers

1 8 8

Carried over 843 15 7

Goods brought over from the previous page, £820 16s 7d.

Haberdashery:

1½ dozen of gilt coat buttons, £0 10s 8¾d

36 skeins of mohair, £0 13s 6d

21 skeins of silk, £0 9s 1½d

1 gross of white waistcoat buttons, £0 3s 6½d

4 dozen of metal coat buttons, £0 1s 8d

5 dozen of breast buttons, £0 1s 8d

6 pieces of Holland tape, £0 4s 3d

half a gross of shirt buttons, £0 0s 10½d

2 dozen of thread laces, £0 1s 3d

1½ dozen of tin breast buttons, £0 0s 2d

4 ounces of needles, £0 0s 7½d

total, £2 8s 10½d

6 yards of shalloon, £0 4s 2d

12½ yards of camlet, £2 0s 5½d

12 milk pans of earthenware, £0 9s 9d

2 chamber setts of pewter, £0 6s 10d

half a gallon of vinegar, £0 1s 1½d

Glassware:

103 squares of glass, 12 by 12, £4 3s 8d

29 squares of glass, 8 by 10, £0 17s 0½d

290 squares of glass, 6 by 8, £6 0s 10d

total, £11 2s 7½d

Paint:

16½ lb of indigo, £1 9s 2½d

70 lb of white lead, £1 5s 6d

9 lb of smalt, £0 5s 6d

16 lb of Venetian red, £0 2s 2d

9 lb of verdigris, £1 11s 1½d

8½ lb of chalk, £0 0s 5¾d

7 lb of copperas, £0 1s 3¾d

total, £4 10s 9d

Chinaware:

2 pitchers, £0 0s 6d

12 soup plates, £0 5s 6d

1 set of salad dishes, £0 10s 6¾d

40 meat plates, £0 9s 2¾d

42 nagging cups and saucers, £1 8s 8d

Carried over, £843 15s 7d

Interpretations

The haberdashery gathers the small trimmings and sewing wares of the tailor's and household work, the coat, waistcoat, breast and shirt buttons graded by material and sold by the dozen and the gross, with mohair and silk in skeins, Holland tape, thread laces and needles. Mohair here means the fine worsted thread or cord used for buttonholes and trimming rather than the goat hair itself, and Holland tape is the plain linen tape of the Dutch looms.

The glassware is the window glass of the settlement, cut in three standard square sizes of twelve, ten and eight inches and drawn from store to reglaze the castle, church, offices and officers' houses as panes broke, the 290 small six-by-eight squares far the largest parcel. The paint head is not colour ready-mixed but the raw pigments and driers ground into oil on the island, indigo and Venetian red for the darker work, white lead the body of most paintwork, smalt a blue glass ground fine, verdigris the green copper pigment and copperas the iron salt used in dyeing and as a drier, with chalk for filling and whiting. These were the materials the storekeeper issued for painting the gun carriages, shutters, boats and buildings through the year.

Camlet and shalloon are worsted cloths, shalloon a light twilled stuff chiefly for linings and camlet a closer woven cloth for coats and cloaks. The chinaware closes the page with the imported porcelain of the table, the soup and meat plates, salad dishes and the two and forty naggin cups and saucers, a naggin being a small cup of about a quarter-pint, the whole a modest parcel of tableware sold to the servants against the bulk provisions and hardware of the earlier pages, carried forward at £843 15s 7d.

16

12

January

Brought Over 843 15 7

Corks 2 Gross

5 1

Pepper 8 lb

4 6

Botelles 2 Pr

7 8

Braziersware Vizt

2 Hashpans

13 4

1 Tea Kettle

19 2

1 14 6

Long Ells 3 ½ Yds

6 3

Heels 2 Mens

2 15

Mustard ½ Bushel

2 8

Rozen 5 lb

7½

Pease 3 ½ Bushels

6 3

Mops 1

1

Totall 850 19 1½

Sold to the Planters at 25 pCent

Hosiersware Vizt

9 Pr W Stockings

1 16

10 Pr Boys Do

5

17 Pr Girls Do

2 5

3 Pr Mens Wove Do

12 6

1 Pr Do Knit Do

14 4

6 13 2

Shoes Vizt

6 Pr Boys Shoes

1 5

1 Pr Mens fine Do

7 9

Hats 6 Boys

1 12 9

Garlix 64 Yds

1 17 6

Muslin 1 Pr

11 3

Long Ells 3 Yds

11 2½

Duroys ½ Pece

6 1½

Shalloon 4 Yds

18 9

10

Carried over 13 9

Goods brought over from the previous page, £843 15s 7d.

2 gross of corks, £0 5s 1d

8 lb of pepper, £0 4s 6d

2 pieces of botelles, £0 7s 8d

Braziery:

2 fish pans, £0 13s 4d

1 tea kettle, £0 19s 2d

total, £1 14s 6d

37 yards of long ells, £0 6s 3d

3 men's hats, £2 15s 0d

half a bushel of mustard, £0 2s 8d

5 lb of rosin, £0 0s 7½d

3½ bushels of pease, £1 6s 3d

1 mop, £0 1s 0d

Total sold to the Company's servants at ten per cent above cost, £850 19s 1½d.

Goods sold to the planters at twenty-five per cent above cost.

Hosiery:

9 pairs of men's thread stockings, £1 16s 0d

10 pairs of boys' thread stockings, £1 5s 0d

17 pairs of girls' thread stockings, £2 5s 4d

3 pairs of men's worsted stockings, £0 12s 6d

1 pair of men's knitted stockings, £0 4s 4d

total, £6 13s 2d

Shoes:

6 pairs of boys' shoes, £1 5s 0d

1 pair of men's fine shoes, £0 7s 9d

total, £1 12s 9d

6 boys' hats, £1 17s 6d

64 yards of garlic, £0 11s 3d

6 yards of muslin, £0 11s 2½d

37 yards of long ells, £0 6s 1½d

7 pieces of duroys, £0 18s 0d

1 yard of shalloon, £0 10s 0d

Carried over, £13 0s 9d

Interpretations

The tail of the servants' account closes here with the last odds of the warehouse, corks and pepper, the two brazing pans and tea kettle of tinned copper under the braziery head, and the mustard, pease and rosin of the store cupboard. Botelles are bottles, and long ells a long, narrow worsted cloth woven for the export trade and sold by the yard. The whole servants' collection for the quarter ends at £850 19s 1½d, close to the £623 8s 0d and near £817 of the two preceding quarters and a steady figure for the settled establishment through a quiet winter with the great fleet gone.

The account then turns to the planters, who bought at twenty-five per cent above cost against the servants' ten, the higher markup the standing rule that made the settlers pay more for the same warehouse goods than the Company's own people. The planters' parcel is at once distinct in kind: no provisions and almost no hardware, but stockings, shoes and hats for men, boys and girls, and cloth by the yard, the family goods of the plantation households rather than the bulk supply of the garrison. The girls' and boys' stockings and shoes in particular mark this as a household account, the planters drawing from the store the shop goods for their wives and children that no shop on the island otherwise supplied. Garlic and duroys are the light Indian cottons of the earlier pages, sold on here to the settlers by the yard and the piece, the account opening at £13 0s 9d and carried forward.

17

13

1748

Brought over 13 9

Sold at 40 pCent Vizt

Brandy 21 ½ Gallons

14 2

Sugar & Candy Vizt

678 Sugar

12 17 6

835 Candy

22 12 3½

35 9 9½

Bread & Flour Vizt

138 C Bread

13 8 9

931 Flour

9 13 11½

24 2 8½

Soap 81

3 4 1½

Oil Vizt

2 Bottles Florence

1 10

½ Gallon Linseed

3 1½

8 Gallons Train

1 10

2 1 5½

Tea Vizt

11 Single

1 1 3

136 Congo

13 12

½ Bohea

1

20 1 3

Salt ½ Bushel

1 1

Beef & Pork Vizt

6 lb Beef

1 3

10 Pr Pork

1 7 6

2 10 6

Cordage 158 ½

3 12 7½

Nails Vizt

24 6

11 11

2 2

1 10

5 4

2 11

18 10

8 3

4 3

2 8

6 20

2 9

1 10 4

Carried over 180 18 6½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £13 0s 9d.

Goods sold to the planters at forty per cent above cost.

217 gallons of brandy, £74 2s 0d

Sugar and candy:

618 lb of sugar, £12 17s 6d

835 lb of candy, £22 12s 3d

total, £35 9s 9¾d

Bread and flour:

138 cwt of bread, £14 8s 9d

951 lb of flour, £9 13s 11¾d

total, £24 2s 8¾d

81 lb of soap, £3 4s 1½d

Oil:

2 bottles of Florence oil, £0 7s 10d

7 gallons of linseed oil, £0 3s 7½d

8 gallons of train oil, £1 16s 0d

total, £2 7s 5½d

Tea:

17 lb of single tea, £1 1s 2d

136 lb of congou tea, £13 12s 0d

3 lb of bohea tea, £0 4s 0d

total, £20 17s 2d

half a bushel of salt, £0 1s 1d

Beef and pork:

6 lb of beef, £0 1s 3d

10 lb of pork, £0 1s 9d

total, £0 3s 0d

6½ cwt of cordage, £3 18s 7½d

Nails:

118 sixpenny nails, £0 11s 11d

20 twopenny nails, £0 1s 10d

5 fourpenny nails, £0 2s 11d

18 tenpenny nails, £0 8s 3d

1 threepenny nails, £0 2s 8d

6 twentypenny nails, £0 2s 9d

total, £1 10s 4d

Carried over, £180 18s 6¾d

Interpretations

This page opens the third buyer class, the planters bought at forty per cent above cost, the dearest of all the rates and above the twenty-five per cent charged the settlers on the preceding page. The higher markup fell on the drink, sugar, provisions and staples rather than the family cloth and shoes, the pattern of every quarter, the Company pricing the goods the planters could least do without at the steepest margin it set anywhere.

Brandy again leads the class at £74 2s 0d for 217 gallons, more than the servants took, and with almost no arrack among either class, confirming the store was near out of arrack through the winter after the year's shortage. The sugar, candy, bread, flour, tea and salt repeat the servants' commodities at the higher rate, the congou tea at £13 12s 0d for 136 lb the great line of the tea head and far above the single and bohea beside it. The small parcels of beef and pork at a few pounds mark the planters drawing almost none of the salt provisions, their own herds furnishing their meat, against the garrison that depended on the store.

The nails again carry the old penny sizing by length and weight, the sixpenny the largest parcel, sold on to the planters for their building and fencing work. The forty per cent class stood at £180 18s 6¾d carried forward, the settlers paying the Company's dearest price for the imported drink and provisions their plantations could not supply.

18

14

January

Brought Over 180 18 6½

Hooks & Lines Vizt

7 Gross 7 dozn Hooks Sorted

1 12 1

2 Do Blue Hooks

10

1 ½ dozn Lines Sorted

9 1

4 Damaged Lines

3 7

2 5 7

Cutteryware Vizt

18 Horn Combs

3

1 Ivory Do

1 9

Tinware 1 Water Pott

1 9

Deals Vizt

1 Spar

3 1

2 Single Deals

4 10

8 9

Ironware Vizt

1 Pr H Hinges

11 8

1 Shod Shovel

2 3

1 Hand Hatchet

2 2

2 Bill Hooks

6 1

1 Hoe

2 3

1 Scyth

8 1

7 11

Braziersware 1 Tea Kettle

1 12 11

Paint Vizt

4 Indico

1 8

3 W Lead

1 1

8 W Red

9

1 7½

Rozen 4

1 3 1½

Haberdasheryware Vizt

2 dozn G Ct Buttons

8

6 Ozs Holland Tape

2 10

5 ½ dozn Thread Laces

5

Haberdasheryware Carried over 11 11½

Carried Over 188 7 2

Goods brought over from the previous page, £180 18s 6½d.

Hooks and lines:

7 gross 7 dozen of sorted hooks, £1 12s 1d

2 gross of blue hooks, £0 0s 10d

1½ dozen of sorted lines, £0 9s 1d

4 damaged lines, £0 3s 7d

total, £2 5s 7d

Cutlery:

18 horn combs, £0 3s 0d

1 ivory comb, £0 1s 9d

total, £0 4s 9d

1 water pot of tinware, £0 8s 9d

Deals:

1 spar, £0 3s 1d

2 single deals, £0 4s 10d

total, £0 7s 11d

Ironware:

1 pair of HL hinges, £0 11s 8d

1 shod shovel, £0 2s 3d

1 hand hatchet, £0 2s 2d

2 bill hooks, £0 6s 4d

1 hoe, £0 2s 3d

1 scythe, £0 8s 1d

total, £1 12s 11d

1 tea kettle of braziery, £1 4s 8d

Paint:

9 lb of indigo, £1 1s 0d

3 lb of white lead, £0 0s 9d

6 lb of Venetian red, £0 1s 7½d

total, £1 3s 4½d

9 lb of rosin, £0 0s 8d

Haberdashery:

2 dozen of gilt coat buttons, £0 2s 10d

6 pieces of Holland tape, £0 5s 0d

5½ dozen of thread laces, £0 4s 1½d

haberdashery carried over, £0 11s 11½d

Carried over, £188 7s 2d

Interpretations

The planters' account at forty per cent continues here with the small hardware and stuff of the plantation, the fishing hooks and lines, the horn and ivory combs, the single tinware water pot and the two deals and a spar of sawn softwood. A spar is a light pole of round timber, and the deals the sawn boards, both drawn from a store that held the imported wood the island could not grow.

The ironware is again the working tools of the settler's ground, the hinges and shovel, the hand hatchet, the two bill hooks for cutting brush and hedging, the hoe and the scythe, the field and fencing kit the planters bought from the warehouse rather than any smith of their own. The paint head is the raw indigo, white lead and Venetian red ground into oil for the settlers' own painting, and the rosin, corks and small wares round out the parcel.

The haberdashery closing the page is the sewing and trimming stuff of the household, the gilt coat buttons, Holland tape and thread laces sold on to the planters for their own tailoring, and here the clerk struck a running sub-total of the haberdashery before carrying the whole class forward at £188 7s 2d, the settlers still paying the Company's dearest rate for goods no other seller on the island could put before them through the drought and the quiet winter.

19

15

1748

Brought over 188 7 2

Haberdasheryware Brought over 11 4½

1½ dozn M Ct Buttons

1 3

2 dozn B Do

10

2 Sh Mohare

1

3 Sh Silk

1 9

16 9½

Leather 2 ¾

3 11

Thread Vizt

3 Coloured

4

7 W Brown

8 7

2 Ozs Neus

3 1

1 5 8

Starch 7

7

Turnersware 18 Scrubing Brush

1 11

Lead Vizt

27 Shot

4 9½

10 ½ Sheet Lead

2 7½

7 5

Rice 4

1 6

Chinaware 18 Meat Plates

5 10½

Corks 1 Gross

3 2½

Totall 191 14 ½

Sold to the Ship Houghton Vizt

Cordage 1 3 3 7

5 2 3

Tinware 2 dozn Lp Leaves

11

Oil 4 Gallns Linseed

1 4 2

Masks Sqr Mast 66 f 16 ¾ Inches Diameter

22 8

Nails 3 Coopers Rivets

1 9

29 6

Charges General Dr for the following Stores Ishued from

the 7 October to the 31 December 1748 Vizt

Nails Vizt

24 ½ 4

1

4 6 for Repairs to ½ Great Nurse and

9 19 the Castle

3

Nails Carried over 4

Goods brought over from the previous page, £188 7s 2d.

Haberdashery brought over, £0 11s 4½d

1½ dozen of metal coat buttons, £0 1s 3d

2 dozen of breast buttons, £0 0s 10d

2 skeins of mohair, £0 0s 1d

3 skeins of silk, £0 1s 9d

total, £0 16s 9¾d

7 lb of leather, £0 3s 11d

Thread:

3 lb of coloured thread, £0 4s 0d

2 lb of brown thread, £0 8s 7d

2 ounces of Nuns thread, £0 3s 1d

total, £1 3s 8d

1 scrubbing brush of turnery, £0 0s 7d

1 lb of starch, £0 1s 11d

Lead:

2 lb of shot, £0 4s 9½d

10 lb of sheet lead, £0 2s 7½d

total, £0 7s 5d

1 lb of rice, £0 1s 6d

18 meat plates of chinaware, £0 5s 10½d

1 gross of corks, £0 3s 2¾d

Total sold to the planters, £191 14s 7½d.

Goods sold to the ship Houghton.

6½ cwt of cordage, £5 3s 3d

2 dozen of lanthorn leaves of tinware, £0 0s 11d

4 gallons of linseed oil, £1 4s 2d

1 mast, top mast, 66 feet 16¾ inches diameter, £22 8s 0d

3 coopers' rivets of nails, £0 1s 9d

total, £29 0s 6d

Charges general, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1748.

Nails:

24 sixpenny nails, £0 1s 0d

4 fourpenny nails and 9 tenpenny nails, for repairs to the great house and the castle, £0 3s 0d

nails carried over, £0 4s 0d

Interpretations

The planters' account at forty per cent closes on this page with the last small parcels of buttons, thread, leather, starch, lead, rice and chinaware, and the class stands complete at £191 14s 7½d, near the £193 10s 4¾d of the December 1747 to March 1748 quarter and a steady figure for the settlers' winter buying.

The account then turns from the settlement to the shipping, the goods sold to the Houghton, Captain Isaac Worth, which came in from Bengal on 2 December 1748 and sailed for England on 18 December. The ship bought the stores of her own refit and passage, the cordage, linseed oil, tinware lanthorn leaves and coopers' rivets of the working ship, and above all a made mast at £22 8s 0d far the dearest single line, the great spar the island held in store for the homeward Indiamen that could not carry spare masts of that length. Lanthorn leaves are the thin translucent panes of horn set in a ship's lanterns in place of glass, and the whole parcel the ordinary sea-stores a ship drew at the island against the long voyage home.

The last head opened here is the charges general, the stores the Company issued not for sale but for its own works, kept apart in a separate account from the goods sold. The first entry is the nails for repairs to the great house and the castle, the ordinary upkeep of the Company's own buildings, the ironwork drawn from the same store that supplied the garrison and settlers but charged to the Company itself rather than sold, the account opening at £0 4s 0d carried forward.

20

16

January

Nails Brought over 1

6½ 6 for Repairs to the Great House &c

2 5½

7 3 the Castle

5½

7 Coopers Rivets for the Coopers

1 7

8 6

Deals Vizt

23 Single Deals for making Spouts to the

10 Double Do Great House & other repairs

1 18 4

1 5

1 Wainscot Board for a Voider

1 3

3 1 7

Cordage 152 for a Crane Rope

2 3 10

Duck 3 Yds for covering the Pacquet

1

Turnersware 1 Hair Broom for the Castle

1 10

Leather Vizt

1 Calf Skin

6 1

3 ½ Leather

3 6

9 7

Paint Vizt

27 W Lead

6 9

4 V Red

9

½ Ochre for Painting a Room and

½ Umber Windows in the Castle

2½

8 Verdigreass

5 2

7 lb Chalk for cleaning Plate

3½

Indico

3 4

½ Blucksmalts for Louvers

3 4

2

Oil Vizt

5 ½ Gallns Train for the Kitchen & Bakehouse

16 3

3 ½ Gallns Lins for Painting in the Castle

11 2

1 7 5

Lead Vizt

23 Pig for W for Windows in the Castle

3 10

Shot for the Castle

1½

Sheet for Spouts for the Great House

3 8

5 7 7½

Carried over 15 10 4½

Nails brought over under charges general, £0 4s 0d.

6 sixpenny nails and 4 fourpenny nails, for repairs to the great house, £0 2s 5¾d

9 tenpenny nails and 3 threepenny nails, for repairs to the castle, £0 0s 5¾d

3 coopers' rivets for the coopers, £0 1s 7d

total, £0 8s 6d

Deals:

23 single deals, for making spouts to the great house, £1 18s 4d

10 double deals, for the great house and other repairs, £1 5s 0d

1 wainscot board for a voider, £0 1s 3d

total, £3 1s 7d

1½ cwt of cordage, for a crane rope, £0 2s 3d

38½ yards of duck, for covering the packet, £0 1s 0d

1 hair broom of turnery, for the castle, £0 1s 10d

Leather:

1 calf skin, £0 6s 1d

3 lb of leather, £0 3s 6d

total, £0 9s 7d

Paint:

29 lb of white lead, £0 6s 9d

4 lb of Venetian red, for painting a room and windows in the castle, £0 0s 9d

1½ lb of umber, for painting a room and windows in the castle, £0 0s 2½d

8 lb of verdigris, £1 5s 2d

half a lb of chalk, for cleaning plate, £0 0s 3¾d

2 lb of indigo, £0 3s 4d

2 lb of blue smalt, for washing, £0 3s 4d

total, £2 0s 0d

Oil:

5¼ gallons of train oil, for the kitchen and bakehouse, £0 16s 3d

3¾ gallons of linseed oil, for painting in the castle, £0 11s 2d

total, £1 7s 5d

Lead:

23 lb of pig lead, for windows in the castle, £0 3s 10d

1 lb of shot, for the castle, £0 0s 1½d

55 lb of sheet lead, for spouts for the great house, £0 3s 8d

total, £0 7s 7½d

Carried over, £15 10s 4½d

Interpretations

This page runs the charges general in full, the stores the Company drew from its own warehouse for the upkeep of its buildings, each line marked with the work it went to rather than a buyer. The great house and the castle carried the bulk of it, the single and double deals turned into spouts and repairs, the wainscot board made into a voider, the cordage cut for a crane rope and the duck used to cover the packet sent home. A voider is a shallow tray or basket for clearing a table, and duck the strong plain canvas of the sailmaker.

The paint head is again the raw pigments issued for the settlement's own work, the white lead, Venetian red and umber for painting a room and the castle windows, verdigris the green copper colour, indigo and blue smalt for washing, and a little chalk kept for cleaning the plate. These entries show the storekeeper accounting for every ounce of pigment against a named use, the Company charging its own paintwork to itself as carefully as it priced the goods it sold.

The oil, lead and ironwork close the run of upkeep, the train oil for the kitchen and bakehouse fires and the leather dressing, the linseed oil for the painting, and the pig lead, shot and sheet lead cast into window cames and spouts for the castle and great house. The whole is the ordinary maintenance of the Company's establishment on the island, distinct in kind from the sales to servants, planters and shipping, the buildings kept weathertight and painted through the winter quarter, the account carried forward at £15 10s 4½d.

21

17

1748

Brought over 15 10 4½

Lines &c

15 Hamb for the Garden & pulleys to the Windows

9 1½

1 Line No 6 for the Castle

3½

9 10

Twine 2 Skaines

1 2½

Haberdasheryware 2 Ozs Holland Tape for the Castle

1 3½

Tinware 10 Patty Pans

1 2

Chinaware Vizt

2 dozn Nogging Cups & Saucers

5

6 Pitchers

2½

for Do

5 2½

Pewter 1 Cullender for Do

6 ½

Glazurware 12 Sqr Glass 12 by 12 for the Castle Windows

2 1½

Mops 2 for the Castle

Ironware Vizt

8 Files Sorted

4 1

1 Smiths Rubber

3 2

2 Sledge Hammers

10

1 Anvil

13 4 1

3 dozn File Hafts

2 3

8 Drill Boxes

2 2½

for the Armourer

1 Bar Iron & Wakes for the Castle

8 5

1 Plasterers Trowell for the Masons

2

3 Pr H Hinges for the Castle

18 2

16 11 1½

Starch ½ ½ for Linnen

3 1½

Corks 1 ½ Gross for Bottling Beer

10 9

Brandy 3 Galls for beltg a Solutn & the Auction of Hogs

11

Candy 3 for Do

8

Iron 48

5 11½

Coals 28 Bushel for the Smiths

8

1 8

Soap 66

1 11 3

Rozen 4 for Sodering

1½

382 3

Diet

Goods brought over from the previous page, £15 10s 4½d.

Lines:

15 Hamburg lines, for the garden and pulleys to the windows, £0 9s 4½d

1 line, number 6, for the castle, £0 0s 5½d

total, £0 9s 10d

2 skeins of twine, £0 1s 2½d

2 pieces of Holland tape, for the castle, of haberdashery, £0 1s 3½d

10 patty pans of tinware, £0 4s 2d

Chinaware, for the castle:

2 dozen of naggin cups and saucers, £0 5s 0d

6 pitchers, £0 0s 2½d

total, £0 5s 2½d

1 cullender of pewter, for the castle, £0 0s 6½d

23 squares of glass, 12 by 12, for the castle windows, of glassware, £0 2s 1½d

2 mops, for the castle, £0 0s 0d

Ironware:

8 sorted files, £0 4s 1d

1 smith's rubber, £0 3s 2d

2 sledge hammers, £0 10s 0d

1 anvil, £13 4s 7d

3 dozen file hafts, £0 2s 3d

8 drill boxes, £0 2s 2½d

for the armourer

1 box iron and heater, for the castle, £0 8s 5d

1 plasterer's trowel, for the masons, £0 2s 0d

3 pairs of HL hinges, for the castle, £1 8s 2d

total, £16 11s 1½d

half a lb of starch, for linen, £0 3s 1½d

1½ gross of corks, for the bottling room, £0 0s 9d

1½ gallons of brandy, for the kiln, a tar low and the auction of hogs, £0 0s 11d

half a lb of candy, for the kiln, £0 0s 8d

48 lb of iron and 28 bushels of coals, for the smiths, £1 8s 0d and £1 11s 3d

66 lb of soap, £0 0s 1½d

half a lb of rosin, for soldering, £0 0s 1½d

total, £382 2s 3d

Diet

Interpretations

The charges general close on this page, the last of the stores the Company drew for its own use through the quarter, each entry keyed to the work or place it served. The Hamburg lines went to the garden and the window pulleys, the twine, tape, patty pans, chinaware, cullender, glass and mops all to the castle, the ordinary furnishing and mending of the Company's own house rather than any sale.

The heaviest single item on the page is the anvil at £13 4s 7d, drawn with the files, sledge hammers, file hafts and drill boxes for the armourer, the whole smith's kit issued to keep the garrison's arms and ironwork in repair. A smith's rubber is a coarse whetstone or file for smoothing metal, a box iron and heater the smoothing iron with its heated slug, and the drill boxes hold the bits of the armourer's drill. The plasterer's trowel went to the masons and the HL hinges to the castle, the tools and fittings of the Company's tradesmen all charged against itself.

The tail of the account gathers the small stores of the working offices, the starch for the linen, corks for the bottling room, the brandy and candy issued to the kiln, and the iron, coals and soap for the smiths. The one glimpse of the season's business is the brandy drawn for the auction of hogs, the sale of 3 December 1748 when 51 hogs and pigs the Company could no longer feed on bought yams through the drought were sold off for £21 4s 10d, the drams served to the men who ran the outcry charged here to the general account. The whole charges general stood at £382 2s 3d, and the collection turns next to the diet expenses of the general table.

22

18

January

Diet Expences Dr for the following Stores Ishued

for the General Table from the 7 October to the 31 December Vizt

Vinegar 3 Gallon

11 1½

Tea 8

8 10

Beef & Pork Vizt

6 lb Beef

16 6

7 qr lb Pork

4 18

5 14 6

Sugar & Candy Vizt

5 lb Sugar

15

10 lb Candy

1 1 10½

1 16 10½

Arrach 40 Gallons

2 16 3

Calavances 124

8 11

Flour 1000

7 2 6

Oil 7 Bottles Florence

4 3

Pease 3 Bushels

4 8

Salt 3 Bushels

6

20 19 3

Fortifications Dr for the following Stores Ishued

from the 7 October to the 31 December Vizt

Cordage Vizt

Cordage for Repairs Flagstaff

2 3

6 Saw Rope for the Masons

4½

5 7½

Iron 63 for Loops for the Same Plaster

7 9

Ironware 1 Stone Saw for the Masons

5 8½

Nails Vizt

6 to repair Wheelbarrows

1 1½

10 for Spouts for Extra Sewre

8

1 9½

Deals Vizt

5 Single Deals for Do

8 4

2 Baulks for Rails at Bankes

7 9

16 1

1 16 11½

Diet expenses, debtor for the following stores for the general table from 1 October to 31 December 1748.

3 gallons of vinegar, £0 11s 1½d

8 lb of tea, £0 8s 10d

Beef and pork:

6 lb of beef, £0 16s 6d

7 quarters of pork, £4 18s 0d

total, £5 14s 6d

Sugar and candy:

8 lb of sugar, £0 15s 0d

160 lb of candy, £1 1s 10¾d

total, £1 16s 10½d

40 gallons of arrack, £2 16s 3d

124 lb of calavances, £0 8s 11d

1,000 lb of flour, £7 2s 6d

7 bottles of Florence oil, £0 9s 3d

2 bushels of pease, £0 4s 8d

2 bushels of salt, £0 6s 0d

total, £26 19s 3d

Fortifications, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1748.

Cordage:

1 cwt of cordage, for Rupert's flagstaff, £0 2s 3d

6 lb of saw rope, for the masons, £0 3s 4½d

total, £0 5s 7½d

6 lb of iron, for tools for the stone blaster, £0 7s 9d

1 stone saw of ironware, for the masons, £0 5s 8½d

Nails:

6 sixpenny nails, to repair wheelbarrows, £0 1s 1½d

6 tenpenny nails, for spouts for Emory's oven, £0 0s 8d

total, £0 1s 9½d

Deals:

5 single deals, for the masons, £0 8s 4d

2 baulks, for rails at Banks's, £0 7s 9d

total, £0 16s 1d

total, £1 16s 11½d

Interpretations

The diet expenses gather the imported staples of the general table, the board's own provisions kept apart from the goods sold and from the charges general, run at £13 2s 10½d and near £19 in the recent quarters and here at £26 19s 3d. Flour is the heaviest line at £7 2s 6d for 1,000 lb, the meal for the castle's own bread, with the pork, sugar, candy, arrack, vinegar, tea and salt the settled fare of the table. Calavances are a small dried pulse of the bean and pea kind imported from India, boiled as a vegetable at the table, and the Florence oil the fine olive oil for the same use against the coarse train oil of the store.

The arrack at £2 16s 3d for 40 gallons is the one substantial arrack line in the whole quarter, drawn for the board's own table when almost none was left to sell to the servants or planters, a mark of how far the store had run down through the year's shortage. The candy at 160 lb is a large parcel for the table alone, the boiled hard sugar taken with the tea and for sweetening.

The fortifications account then opens the run of works sub-accounts, the stores spent on the batteries and defences and charged to that head. The entries are small this quarter with the war over and the great works done, a little cordage for the flagstaff at Rupert's, iron and a stone saw for the masons and the stone blaster, nails to mend the wheelbarrows and a few deals and baulks for the masons and the rails at Banks's. A baulk is a heavy squared timber, and the whole account stands at £1 16s 11½d, a quiet quarter's upkeep of the defences after the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle had brought the island's war footing to an end.

23

19

1748

Plantation Dr for the following Stores Ishued from the 7

October to the 31 December Vizt

Nails Vizt

20 4

7 11

8 3 for felling two Rooms in the

8 6 Great Wood for the Lenten Yard

3 10

3 8

9 10

1½

15 9½

Deals &c Vizt

1 Baulk for Do

3 10½

1 Spar for the Cart

2 2

6 ½

Ironware Vizt

1 Iron Bond Locks

1 18 4

2 Cupboard Locks for the Lieut Govr Rooms

5

14 Side Hinges

15 9

2 Pr H Hinges for Do

6 9

1 Ragstone

8

2 Scythe for Mowing

11 6

2 Pickaxes

5

2 Helves for the Great Wood

1 2

4 4 2

Glazierware 40 Sqr Glass 8 by 10 for the Lieut Govr Rooms

1 1 8

Oil ½ Gallon Linseed for putty for the Windows

10½

Paint 5 lb Chalk for putty for the Windows

1½

Cordage for Scaffold Nurse & Cart Ropes

13 11½

Rice & Paddy Vizt

2 Rice

1 8½

Paddy for the Poultry

1 17 1

1 18 9½

Earthenware 18 Milk Pans for the Dairy

13 1½

Lines 1 for the Great Wood

8½

Turnersware Vizt

11 Birch Brooms for Do

5 3

1 Straing Dish for the Dairy

3

2 Labourers Spades for the Plantation Slaves

2 2

7 5

Cartwheels 2 Wheelbarrows Ditos for the Great Wood

3 4

10 6

Plantation, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1748.

Nails:

20 twentypenny nails, £0 7s 11d

8 threepenny nails, for setting two rooms in the Great Wood for the Lantern house, £0 3s 10d

8 eightpenny nails and 11 tenpenny nails and 9 sixpenny nails, for the same, £0 3s 8d and £0 0s 1½d

total, £0 15s 9½d

Deals:

1 baulk, for the same, £0 3s 10¾d

1 spar, for the cart, £0 2s 2d

total, £0 6s 0½d

Ironware:

1 iron rim lock, £1 18s 4d

2 cupboard locks, for the Lieutenant Governor's rooms, £0 5s 0d

14 side hinges, £0 15s 9d

2 pairs of HL hinges, for the same, £0 6s 9d

1 ragstone, for grinding, £0 0s 8d

2 scythes, for mowing, £0 11s 6d

2 pickaxes, £0 5s 0d

2 helves, for the Great Wood, £0 1s 2d

total, £4 4s 2d

40 squares of glass, 12 by 12, and 8 squares, 8 by 10, of glassware, for the Lieutenant Governor's rooms, £1 1s 8d

half a gallon of linseed oil, for putty for the windows, £0 0s 10½d

half a lb of chalk, for the same, £0 0s 1½d

half a cwt of cordage, for scaffold, horse and cart ropes, £0 13s 11½d

Rice and paddy:

2 lb of rice, £0 1s 8½d

5 lb of paddy, for the poultry, £1 17s 1d

total, £1 18s 9½d

18 milk pans of earthenware, for the dairy, £0 13s 1½d

1 line, for the Great Wood, £0 0s 8½d

Turnery, for the same:

12 birch brooms, for the dairy, £0 5s 3d

1 straining dish, for the dairy, £0 2s 2d

2 japanned spouts, for the Plantation House, £0 3s 5d

total, £0 7s 4d

2 wheelbarrows and 2 deals, for the Great Wood, of cartwheels, £10 6s 0d

Interpretations

The plantation account gathers the stores issued to the Company's own farming and dairy, the buildings, tools and gear of the ground rather than any sale. Much of the ironwork and glass went to fitting out the Lieutenant Governor's rooms, the rim lock, cupboard locks, hinges and forty-eight panes of glass, part of the work of settling David Hunter in his place after he took his seat in the summer of 1748, his house glazed and pumped for him at the Company's charge.

The mowing scythes, pickaxes, ragstone and helves are the field tools of the plantation, a helve being the wooden handle of an axe or hatchet and a ragstone a coarse sharpening stone. The Great Wood carried its own run of nails, deals, cordage and a line for the Lantern house being fitted with two rooms, the timber plantation the Company had raised and now housing its keepers and gear.

The dairy takes its own parcel, the eighteen milk pans of earthenware, the birch brooms and straining dish, the ordinary vessels of the milk house that furnished the castle table with milk and the candles rendered from beef suet. The rice and paddy went to feed the Company's poultry, the paddy still in the husk the cheaper feed. The heaviest single line is the two wheelbarrows and deals for the Great Wood at £10 6s 0d, the barrows the Company kept its own timber and yam ground worked with, the whole account the settled upkeep of the plantation that fed the garrison and stock from the Company's own ground when the drought had left it buying near all its yams of the planters.

24

20

January

Blacks Dr for the following Stores Ishued from the

7 October to the 31 December Vizt

Rice 141

4 13 4½

Sugar 41

7 8½

Tea Vizt

Congo given them as Customary at

18 Bohea Christmas & for the Sick Blacks

1 1½

12

15 4½

Brandy 30 ½ Gallns for drams & their usual allowance at Xtmas

4 17 4½

Thread Vizt

Coloured Thread

1 6 8

W Brown Do for mending their Cloaths

6 1½

1 12 9½

Beef & Pork Vizt

19 Pr Pork

1 18

22 Pr Beef

3 6

Shoes 14 Pr Mens Ordy for the Handicraftsmen

4 18 6

Hooks & Lines Vizt

15 Dozn Hooks Sorted

3 1½

22 Lines for Fishing

1 4

Haberdasheryware Vizt

2 Pr Broad Milld Tape for the Womens Cloaths

1 2

1 Ozs Needles

6½

Twine 1 Skaine for Fishing

8½

Blankets 102

31 6

51 11 3½

Garrison Dr for the following Stores Ishued from the

7 October to the 31 December 1748 Vizt

Oil 85 ½ Gallon

12 12 2

Tea 8½ for the several Guards

2 19 4

Brandy 12 ½ Gallons for drams at Mustering

1 13 4

Carried Over 17 6 6½

Blacks, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1748.

141 lb of rice, £4 13s 4½d

41 lb of sugar, £0 7s 8½d

Tea, given them as customary at Christmas and for the sick blacks:

7 lb of congou, £1 0s 1½d

18 lb of bohea, £0 12s 0d

total, £6 13s 4½d

30½ gallons of brandy, for drams and their usual allowance at Christmas, £4 17s 4½d

Thread:

3 lb of coloured thread, for mending their clothes, £1 6s 8d

½ lb of brown thread, for mending their clothes, £0 6s 1½d

total, £1 12s 9½d

Beef and pork:

19 quarters of pork, £1 18s 0d

22 quarters of beef, £3 0s 6d

total, £4 18s 6d

14 pairs of men's ordinary shoes, for the handicraftsmen, £2 14s 10d

Hooks and lines, for fishing:

15 dozen of sorted hooks, £0 3s 1½d

22 lines, £0 4s 1d

total, £0 7s 8½d

Haberdashery:

2 pieces of broad Holland tape, for the women's clothes, £0 4s 2d

1 ounce of needles, £0 0s 6½d

total, £0 4s 8½d

1 skein of twine, for fishing, £0 0s 8½d

102 blankets, £31 0s 6d

total, £51 11s 3½d

Garrison, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1748.

85¼ gallons of oil, for the several guards, £12 12s 2d

8 lb of tea, for the several guards, £2 19s 4d

12¾ gallons of brandy, for drams at mustering, £1 13s 4½d

Carried over, £17 6s 6½d

Interpretations

The blacks account gathers the stores the Company issued to clothe, feed and keep its own slaves, kept apart as its own head, run at £68 18s 5½d and £111 19s 7½d in earlier quarters when the annual clothing fell due and here at £51 11s 3½d. The rice, sugar, pork, beef and shoes are the ration and clothing of the men and women, the shoes marked for the handicraftsmen, the skilled slaves the Company kept at the masonry, cooperage and other trades. The hooks, lines and twine went to the slaves' own fishing, the boat the Company had long fitted to feed them from the sea against the cost of meat.

The brandy and tea given at Christmas as customary run through every quarter's account, the drams and the sweetened tea served to the slaves at the year's holiday and to the sick, a settled allowance the Company entered as its own charge. The thread and the broad Holland tape went to mending the clothes and to the women's clothing, the small stuff of keeping the slaves clad through the year.

The single heaviest line in the whole account is the 102 blankets at £31 0s 6d, the great winter issue to the slaves, one blanket each as far as the store would go, matching the order of 14 November 1748 that all the Company's slaves being in want of blankets they were supplied one apiece as far as the 102 in store reached. The garrison account then opens the soldiers' stores, the train oil for the guard-house lamps, the tea for the guards and the brandy for the drams served on mustering, the ordinary keeping of the watch charged to its own head at £17 6s 6½d carried forward.

25

21

1748

Brought Over 17 6 6½

Deals Vizt

1 Double Deals for Coffins

10

3 Single Do for the Officers Guard Room at ½ Foot

5

15

Nails 6 for Coffins

9

Ironware Vizt

1 Hatchet

1 6

1 Frying Pan for Bankes

1 8

3 2

18 5 3½

Hospital Dr for the following Stores Ishued for

the Sick in the Infirmary from the 7 Octr to the 31 Decr 1748 Vizt

Sugar 59

11 1

Oil 4 Gallons Train

11 10

Rice 47

1 3 9

Chinaware 6 Pitchers

2½

Salt ½ Bushel

1 6

Flour 43

6 4½

Deals 2 Baulks for Repairs

7 9

Nails 20 for Repairs

1 3

2 14 9

Boats Dr for the following Stores Ishued from the 7

October to the 31 December 1748 Vizt

Nails Vizt

4 6

1½

3 8

1 1

8 10

2

for Repairs

14 20

1 1½

to the Long

6 10

Cordage 31 ½

10 4

Boat

Lead 8 Sheet

1 1

Rozen 4

9 10½

Pinnace

Oil 3 Gallons Train

8 10½

Iron 20

2 6

and Yaul

Deals 1 Single

1 8

Carried Over 2 1 5

Goods brought over under the garrison account, £17 6s 6½d.

Deals:

1 double deal, for coffins, £0 10s 0d

3 single deals, for the officers' guard room at the Fort, £0 5s 0d

total, £0 15s 0d

6 sixpenny nails, for coffins, £0 0s 9d

Ironware:

1 hatchet, £0 1s 6d

1 frying pan, for Banks's, £0 1s 8d

total, £0 3s 2d

total, £18 5s 5½d

Hospital, debtor for the following stores issued for the sick in the infirmary from 1 October to 31 December 1748.

59 lb of sugar, £0 11s 1d

4 gallons of train oil, £0 11s 10d

141 lb of rice, £0 13s 9d

6 pitchers of chinaware, £0 1s 2¾d

half a bushel of salt, £0 1s 6d

43 lb of flour, £0 6s 9½d

2 baulks of deals, for repairs, £0 7s 9d

20 tenpenny nails, for repairs, £0 1s 3d

total, £2 14s 9d

Boats, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1748.

Nails, for repairs:

6 sixpenny nails, £0 0s 1½d

6 threepenny nails, £0 1s 1d

6 tenpenny nails, £0 0s 2d

20 fourpenny nails, £0 1s 1½d

Cordage 31½ cwt, lead 8 lb sheet, rosin, oil 3 gallons train, iron 20 lb, to the long boat, pinnace and yawl:

to the long boat, £6 10s 0d

cordage, £0 10s 4d

lead sheet, £0 1s 4d

rosin, £0 9s 10¾d

oil, train, £0 8s 10¾d

iron, £0 2s 6d

1 single deal, £0 1s 8d

Carried over, £2 1s 5d

Interpretations

The garrison account closes with the last of the soldiers' stores, the deals for the coffins of the dead and for the officers' guard room at the fort, and the hatchet and frying pan for the guard at Banks's, the whole standing at £18 5s 5½d. The plain deal coffins run through every quarter's garrison charge, the ordinary burial of the sentinels against the blacked broadcloth coffins the Company found for its own dead officers.

The hospital account gathers the stores issued to the infirmary for the sick, the sugar, oil, rice, salt and flour of the sick diet and a few pitchers, deals and nails for the repair of the building, run at a modest £2 14s 9d. The account is a small one this quarter, a sign of no great sickness in a quiet winter, the sugar and rice the light food set before men in the infirmary and the train oil for the lamps and dressings.

The boats account then opens the last of the works sub-accounts, the stores spent on the Company's own craft, the long boat, pinnace and yawl that landed the stores, carried the water and worked the island's fishery. The nails, cordage, sheet lead, rosin, train oil and iron are the caulking, rigging and mending gear of the three boats, the heaviest going to the long boat that did the heavy landing work in the surf of James Bay. The account is carried forward at £2 1s 5d, the ordinary upkeep of the boats on which the whole traffic of the roadstead depended, every ship in the road served by the island's own craft rowing out through the swell.

26

22

January

Brought Over 2 1 5

Duck 9 ½ Yards for mending the Long Boat Sailes

13

Twine 3 Skaines for mending the Long Boat Sailes

1 10

Turnersware Vizt

1 Bowl

1½

1 Platter

1½

for ½ Long Boat

1 10½

Ironware 1 Frying Pan

1 8

2 19 4½

St Helena 31 December 1748

Errors Excepted

P Sterling Bookkeeper

List of the Honble Companys Officers & Servants upon the

Island St Helena with their Several Sallaries Diet Money

&c for the Quarter Commencing October the 7 and Ending the

31 December 1748 Vizt

Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour Salary 125

Do Allowance for Servants as Usual 31 14 9

156 14 9

Capt David Hunter Lieut Govr Salary 62 10

Do Diet Money 25

87 10

John Clark of Council

15

John Robinson Accomptant Sallary 17 10

Do Diet Money 15

32 10

Matthew Bazeley Storekeeper Sallary 17 10

Do Diet Money 15

32 10

William Lowdery Chaplain Sallary 25

Do Diet Money 15

40

Ivan Winningham Factor Sallary 7 10

Do Diet Money 10

Do House Rent 2 10

20

Carried Over 384 4 9

Goods brought over under the boats account, £2 1s 5d.

9½ yards of duck, £0 13s 0d

2 skeins of twine, for mending the long boat sails, £0 1s 10d

Turnery, for the long boat:

1 bowl, £0 0s 10½d

1 platter, £0 0s 10½d

total, £0 1s 9d

1 frying pan of ironware, £0 1s 8d

total, £2 19s 4½d

The account subscribed at St Helena on 31 December 1748, errors excepted, by Matthew Purling storekeeper.

List of the Honourable Company's officers and servants upon the island of St Helena, with their several salaries and diet money for the quarter commencing 1 October and ending 31 December 1748.

Charles Hutchinson, Governor, salary, £125 0s 0d

allowance for servants as usual, £31 14s 9d

total, £156 14s 9d

Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d

diet money, £23 0s 0d

total, £87 10s 0d

John Clark of council, £75 0s 0d

John Goodwin, accountant, salary, £17 10s 0d

diet money, £16 0s 0d

total, £33 10s 0d

Matthew Purling, storekeeper, salary, £17 10s 0d

diet money, £15 0s 0d

total, £32 10s 0d

William Loveday, chaplain, salary, £25 0s 0d

diet money, £15 0s 0d

total, £40 0s 0d

Francis Wrangham, factor, salary, £7 10s 0d

diet money, £10 0s 0d

house rent, £2 10s 0d

total, £20 0s 0d

Carried over, £384 4s 9d

Interpretations

The boats account closes the whole run of works sub-accounts, the last of the stores spent on the Company's own craft, the duck for mending the long boat sails, the twine, the bowl and platter and a frying pan, the account standing at £2 19s 4½d. Matthew Purling as storekeeper subscribed the whole collection at the year's end, errors excepted, the settled form that certified the account without warranting every figure exact, the same subscription he had set to every quarter's collection through his charge.

The account then turns from the goods to the men, opening the pay roll of the whole civil and military establishment for the quarter, the list of officers and servants with their salaries and diet money paid from the treasury. The civil establishment heads the roll in order of rank, Governor Charles Hutchinson at £125 with his servants' allowance, David Hunter the Lieutenant Governor newly seated in 1748, John Clark of council, and then the factors and officers of the household by salary and diet money. Diet money was the cash allowance paid in place of the common table the Company's orders offered, a standing grievance among the factors and writers who had asked in 1745 to be put on the military footing of £27 7s 6d, the board holding to the Court's order for a table it could not commute of its own authority.

The chaplain here is William Loveday, who had paid £50 into the Company's cash on his bond on 19 December 1748, and Francis Wrangham the factor, who had been appointed secretary on 14 November 1748 on his seniority and earlier service, though he is entered here still by his factor's salary and diet money with house rent added. The whole civil pay opens at £384 4s 9d carried forward, the settled charge of governing the island before the four foot companies and the artillery came to be reckoned man by man.

27

23

Brought over £354 4s 9d

James Powell Factor Sallary £7 10s
Dᵒ Assistant & Storekeeper £5
Dᵒ Diet Money £10
Dᵒ House Rent £2 10s £25
Thoˢ French Factor Sallary £7 10s
Dᵒ Diet Money £10 £17 10s
Matthew Bazett Writer Sallary £5
Dᵒ Diet Money £10 £15
Samˡ Salcombs Surgeon Sallary £9 15s
Dᵒ House Rent £2 10s £12 5s
Richard Curling £15
John Swaits Overseer
Richᵈ Beale Schoolmaster Sallary £3 8s 3d
Dᵒ as Clerk £5 £8 8s 3d
John Stroud Master Mason Sallary £17 10s
Dᵒ Diet Money £10
Dᵒ House Rent £1 £29
Mark Hawkins Mason Sallary £12 10s
Dᵒ Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Dᵒ House Rent £1 £20 6s 10½d
William Hayer Master of Arms £6 5s
Nicholas Clathes Steward £7 10s
Willᵐ Davey Gardener £9 11s 3d
Robᵗ Meacock Cooper £8 15s
Henry Moyce Carpenter £12 10s
Jnᵒ Stringstall Patron of the Long Boat £7 10s
Robᵗ Wright Housekeeper £2 10s
Thoˢ Willingham Marshall £1 7s 9d
Henʸ Bennison Armourer from ye 29ᵗʰ of Octoʳ inclᵈ 9 days of his arrival £7 6s 7½d

First Company
John Clark 2ⁿᵈ Lieutᵗ Sallary £10
Dᵒ Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Dᵒ on Account of Instructing the Gunners £7 10s £24 6s 10½d
Wᵐ Hayes Adjutant Sallary £10
Dᵒ Diet Money £7 1s 3d £17 1s 3d

Carried Over £641 8s 4½d

The subtotal brought forward amounted to £354 4s 9d.

James Powell, serving as factor, received a salary of £7 10s, together with £5 for his duties as assistant and storekeeper, diet money of £10, and house rent of £2 10s, making £25 in total.

Thomas French, also a factor, received a salary of £7 10s and diet money of £10, totalling £17 10s.

Matthew Bazett, writer, received a salary of £5 and diet money of £10, giving a total of £15.

Samuel Salcombs, surgeon, received a salary of £9 15s and house rent of £2 10s, totalling £12 5s.

Richard Curling received £15, although no role or allowance was stated.

John Swaits was listed as overseer, but without a recorded payment at this point.

Richard Beale, schoolmaster, received a salary of £3 8s 3d and £5 for his service as clerk, giving a total of £8 8s 3d.

John Stroud, master mason, received a salary of £17 10s, diet money of £10, and house rent of £1, making £29 in total.

Mark Hawkins, mason, received a salary of £12 10s, diet money of £6 16s 10½d, and house rent of £1, totalling £20 6s 10½d.

William Hayer, master of arms, received £6 5s.

Nicholas Clathes, steward, received £7 10s.

William Davey, gardener, received £9 11s 3d.

Robert Meacock, cooper, received £8 15s.

Henry Moyce, carpenter, received £12 10s.

John Stringstall, patron of the longboat, received £7 10s.

Robert Wright, housekeeper, received £2 10s.

Thomas Willingham, marshal, received £1 7s 9d.

Henry Bennison, armourer, received £7 6s 7½d for nine days of service following his arrival on 29 October.

Within the first company, John Clark, second lieutenant, received a salary of £10, diet money of £6 16s 10½d, and £7 10s on account of instructing the gunners, totalling £24 6s 10½d.

William Hayes, adjutant, received a salary of £10 and diet money of £7 1s 3d, giving a total of £17 1s 3d.

The subtotal carried forward at this stage amounted to £641 8s 4½d.

28

24

Brought over £641 8s 4½d

Sergeants
Henry Pirate £6 11s 6d
Bartholomew Molloy £6 11s 6d
Solomon Jacob £6 11s 6d £20 3s 6d

Corporals
Daniel Langton £1 7s 9d
James Richardson £1 7s 9d
Wᵐ Bull £1 7s 9d £13 3s 3d
John Lundall Drummer £1 7s 9d

Centrinels
Edwᵈ Allen £3 8s 3d
John Bray £3 8s 3d
John Brown £3 8s 3d
George Bennett £3 8s 3d
Joseph Brooks £3 8s 3d
Ambrose Bland £3 8s 3d
Augusten Balls £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Brown £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Bruff £3 8s 3d
John Buckles £3 8s 3d
John Clay £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Campble £3 8s 3d
Malᶜ Campbell £3 8s 3d
Samˡ Cartwright £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Davis Senʳ from Octoʳ ye 10th inclᵈ 9 days he enterd £1 1s 6¼d
Wᵐ Davis Junʳ £3 8s 3d
John Davis £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Enos £3 8s 3d
Edwᵈ Gill £3 8s 3d
George Green £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Greenaway £3 8s 3d
Geo Hadles £3 8s 3d
Humphrey Samson £3 8s 3d

Centrinels Carried over £178 3s 3½d
Carried over £679 2s 6½d

The subtotal brought forward amounted to £641 8s 4½d.

Among the sergeants, Henry Pirate received £6 11s 6d, Bartholomew Molloy received the same, and Solomon Jacob likewise received £6 11s 6d, bringing their combined total to £20 3s 6d.

For the corporals, Daniel Langton received £1 7s 9d, James Richardson £1 7s 9d, and William Bull £1 7s 9d, together amounting to £13 3s 3d.

John Lundall, drummer, received £1 7s 9d.

Among the sentinels, Edward Allen, John Bray, John Brown, George Bennett, Joseph Brooks, Ambrose Bland, Augusten Balls, Thomas Brown, William Bruff, John Buckles, John Clay, William Campble, Malcolm Campbell, Samuel Cartwright, William Davis Senior (who entered service on 10 October and was paid for nine days) with £1 1s 6¼d, William Davis Junior, John Davis, William Enos, Edward Gill, George Green, Thomas Greenaway, George Hadles, and Humphrey Samson each received £3 8s 3d.

The total for these sentinels amounted to £178 3s 3½d.

The new subtotal carried forward at this stage came to £679 2s 6½d.

29

25

Centrinels Brought over £178 3s 3½d
Brought over £679 2s 6½d

George Harper £3 8s 3d
Patrick Hambleton £3 8s 3d
James Holden £3 8s 3d
Major Jackson £3 8s 3d
Woolston Jones £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Javiour £3 8s 3d
James Lee £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Lampton £3 8s 3d
Jos Long £3 8s 3d
Alexᵈ Lewden £3 8s 3d
John March £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Mason £3 8s 3d
John Merrill £3 8s 3d
James Mills £3 8s 3d
James Rennie £3 8s 3d
John Spencer £3 8s 3d
John Scotcher £3 8s 3d
John Shaw £3 8s 3d
John Searby £3 8s 3d
Solomon Saunders £3 8s 3d
Emanuel Steel £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Tarr £3 8s 3d
Samˡ Urquhart £3 8s 3d
Peter Wells £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Wagg £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Wallis £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Young £3 8s 3d £170 5s 9¼d

Second Company
Joseph Kendall 1ˢᵗ Lieutᵗ Sallary £10
Dᵒ Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Dᵒ House Rent £2 10s £19 6s 10½d
Samˡ Ashworth 2ⁿᵈ Lieutᵗ Sallary £7 10s
Dᵒ Diet Money £6 16s 10½d £14 6s 10½d

Carried Over £883 2s 3¼d

The subtotal brought forward for the sentinels amounted to £178 3s 3½d, and the overall total at that point stood at £679 2s 6½d.

The remaining sentinels listed were George Harper, Patrick Hambleton, James Holden, Major Jackson, Woolston Jones, Thomas Javiour, James Lee, William Lampton, Joseph Long, Alexander Lewden, John March, William Mason, John Merrill, James Mills, James Rennie, John Spencer, John Scotcher, John Shaw, John Searby, Solomon Saunders, Emanuel Steel, William Tarr, Samuel Urquhart, Peter Wells, Thomas Wagg, Thomas Wallis, and William Young. Each of them received £3 8s 3d, amounting in total to £170 5s 9¼d.

In the second company, Joseph Kendall, first lieutenant, received a salary of £10, diet money of £6 16s 10½d, and house rent of £2 10s, giving a total of £19 6s 10½d.

Samuel Ashworth, second lieutenant, received a salary of £7 10s and diet money of £6 16s 10½d, totalling £14 6s 10½d.

The subtotal carried forward at this stage came to £883 2s 3¼d.

30

26

Brought over £883 2s 3¼d

Sergeants
Robᵗ Mason £6 11s 6d
Gabˡ Isaake £6 11s 6d
Danˡ Bush £6 11s 6d £20 3s 6d

Corporals
John Downes £1 7s 9d
Michael Frost £1 7s 9d
John Helleway £1 7s 9d £13 3s 3d
Thoˢ Loden Drummer £1 7s 9d

Centrinels
Joseph Andrews £3 8s 3d
Peter Barker £3 8s 3d
Josiah Banks £3 8s 3d
Andrew Barton £3 8s 3d
Franˡ Berwick £3 8s 3d
Richᵈ Billington £3 8s 3d
John Bowker £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Brooks £3 8s 3d
John Brown £3 8s 3d
John Chapman £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Cook £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Duffton £3 8s 3d
John Douglas £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Dyer from Novʳ ye 7ᵗʰ inclᵈ 9 days he enterd £2 1s 1½d
John Cave £3 8s 3d
Robᵗ Everage £3 8s 3d
Peter Finnall £3 8s 3d
John Fisher £3 8s 3d
John Fletcher £3 8s 3d
John Gold £3 8s 3d
John Hays £3 8s 3d
Jos Hays from Octoʳ ye 30ᵗʰ inclᵈ 9 days he enterd £2 1s 1¼d
Isaac Holmes £3 8s 3d

Centrinels Carried over £176 15s 3¼d
Carried over £920 16s 6¾d

The subtotal brought forward amounted to £883 2s 3¼d.

Among the sergeants, Robert Mason, Gabriel Isaake, and Daniel Bush each received £6 11s 6d, totalling £20 3s 6d.

For the corporals, John Downes, Michael Frost, and John Helleway each received £1 7s 9d, together amounting to £13 3s 3d.

Thomas Loden, drummer, received £1 7s 9d.

Among the sentinels, Joseph Andrews, Peter Barker, Josiah Banks, Andrew Barton, Francis Berwick, Richard Billington, John Bowker, William Brooks, John Brown, John Chapman, William Cook, William Duffton, John Douglas, and John Cave each received £3 8s 3d. Thomas Dyer, who entered service on 7 November, was paid £2 1s 1½d for his period of duty. Robert Everage, Peter Finnall, John Fisher, John Fletcher, John Gold, and John Hays each received £3 8s 3d. Joseph Hays, who entered on 30 October, was paid £2 1s 1¼d. Isaac Holmes also received £3 8s 3d.

The total for these sentinels came to £176 15s 3¼d.

The subtotal carried forward at this stage amounted to £920 16s 6¾d.

31

27

Brought over £920 16s 6¾d
Centrinels Brought over £176 15s 3¼d

James English £3 8s 3d
Samˡ Felton £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Leaver £3 8s 3d
Chaˢ Legent £3 8s 3d
Samˡ Long £3 8s 3d
Joseph Lovett £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Mason £3 8s 3d
Richᵈ Maybank £3 8s 3d
Richᵈ Moyce £3 8s 3d
John Norton £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Page £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Salt £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Shelfer £3 8s 3d
John Simmonds £3 8s 3d
Joseph Stinson £3 8s 3d
Robᵗ Stacey £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Shelton £3 8s 3d
Edwᵈ Shrode £3 8s 3d
Samˡ Talbott £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Taylor £3 8s 3d
Benjˢ Thomas £3 8s 3d
Richᵈ Swaits £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Swaits £3 8s 3d
Edwᵈ Walker £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Walkins £3 8s 3d
Adam Walton £3 8s 3d
Stephen Willoughby £3 8s 3d £168 4s 3¾d

Third Company
Thoˢ Eastwood 1ˢᵗ Lieutᵗ Sallary £10
Dᵒ Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Dᵒ House Rent £2 10s £19 6s 10½d
Crisp Beale 2ⁿᵈ Lieutᵗ Sallary £7 10s
Dᵒ Diet Money £6 16s 10½d £14 6s 10½d

Carried Over £33 13s 9d
£1122 14s 6¼d

The subtotal brought forward amounted to £920 16s 6¾d, while the previous total for the sentinels stood at £176 15s 3¼d.

The remaining sentinels were James English, Samuel Felton, William Leaver, Charles Legent, Samuel Long, Joseph Lovett, Thomas Mason, Richard Maybank, Richard Moyce, John Norton, William Page, William Salt, William Shelfer, John Simmonds, Joseph Stinson, Robert Stacey, Thomas Shelton, Edward Shrode, Samuel Talbott, Thomas Taylor, Benjamin Thomas, Richard Swaits, William Swaits, Edward Walker, William Walkins, Adam Walton, and Stephen Willoughby. Each received £3 8s 3d, giving a total of £168 4s 3¾d.

In the third company, Thomas Eastwood, first lieutenant, received a salary of £10, diet money of £6 16s 10½d, and house rent of £2 10s, making £19 6s 10½d in total.

Crisp Beale, second lieutenant, received a salary of £7 10s and diet money of £6 16s 10½d, totalling £14 6s 10½d.

These two officers together accounted for £33 13s 9d, bringing the running total to £1122 14s 6¼d.

32

28

Brought Over £1122 14s 6¼d

Sergeants
Andrew Blinman to ye 20ᵗʰ day of Decʳ inclᵈ the day he was broke £5 8s 8¼d
Dᵒ as Centinel to ye 31 Decʳ inclusive £8 2¼d
Wᵐ Kennedy £6 11s 6¾d
Matthias Brightwell £6 11s 6d £19 15s 7¾d

Corporals
Henʸ Barber to ye 20 Decʳ inclᵈ as Corpl £2 17s 3¾d
Dᵒ from Decʳ ye 21ˢᵗ to ye 31 inclᵈ as Sergt £0 16s 3¾d
John Spencer £1 13s 1d
Jnᵒ Leech to ye 4ᵗʰ day Decʳ inclᵈ as Centinel £2 8s 7½d
Dᵒ from ye 5ᵗʰ day Decʳ to ye 31 inclᵈ as Corpl £1 5s 9¼d £12 15s 3½d
Benjamin Sweet Drummer £1 7s 9d

Centrinels
Wᵐ Adams £3 8s 3d
Mattʷ Allis £3 8s 3d
Bevan Ambooe £3 8s 3d
Jos Basheh £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Beckett £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Bunfield £3 8s 3d
John Bradley £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Brown £3 8s 3d
Dixon Croft £3 8s 3d
Baron Delafez £3 8s 3d
John Earle £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Fuller £3 8s 3d
Edwᵈ Grant £3 8s 3d
Jonᵃ Hitchen £3 8s 3d
Samˡ Hindes £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Hurlock £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Jackson £3 8s 3d
Evan Jones £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Jones to Decʳ ye 18ᵗʰ inclusive 9 days Desert £2 1s 1d

Centrinels Carried over £64 7s 7d
Carried Over £1159 13s 1¼d

The subtotal brought forward amounted to £1122 14s 6¼d.

Among the sergeants, Andrew Blinman was paid £5 8s 8¼d for his service up to 20 December, including the day he was demoted, and a further £8 2¼d for his subsequent service as a sentinel to 31 December. William Kennedy received £6 11s 6¾d, and Matthias Brightwell £6 11s 6d. The combined total for the sergeants amounted to £19 15s 7¾d.

For the corporals, Henry Barber was paid £2 17s 3¾d for his service as corporal to 20 December, including that day, and an additional £0 16s 3¾d for his service as sergeant from 21 to 31 December. John Spencer received £1 13s 1d. John Leech was paid £2 8s 7½d for his service as sentinel up to 4 December, including that day, and £1 5s 9¼d for his subsequent service as corporal from 5 to 31 December. The total for these corporals came to £12 15s 3½d.

Benjamin Sweet, drummer, received £1 7s 9d.

Among the sentinels, William Adams, Matthew Allis, Bevan Ambooe, Joseph Basheh, William Beckett, William Bunfield, John Bradley, William Brown, Dixon Croft, Baron Delafez, John Earle, Thomas Fuller, Edward Grant, Jonathan Hitchen, Samuel Hindes, William Hurlock, William Jackson, Evan Jones, and William Jones were listed. Each of the first eighteen men received £3 8s 3d, while William Jones, who deserted on 18 December, was paid £2 1s 1d for the days served.

The total for these sentinels came to £64 7s 7d.

The running total carried forward at this stage amounted to £1159 13s 1¼d.

33

29

Brought over £1159 13s 1¼d
Centrinels Brought over £64 7s 7d

Thomas Hendrick £3 8s 3d
Richᵈ Knight £3 8s 3d
John Langbridge £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Lawrence £3 8s 3d
Samˡ M‘Lane £3 8s 3d
John M‘Key £3 8s 3d
Abram Major to ye 21 Decʳ inclᵈ as Centinel £3 6s 3¾d
Dᵒ to ye 31 Decʳ inclᵈ as Corporal £0 10s 5¾d
Samˡ Mazure £3 11s ½d
Chaˢ Montague £3 8s 3d
Chaˢ Newcomb £3 8s 3d
Valentine Nobles £3 8s 3d
Joseph Newman £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Oliver £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Paine £3 8s 3d
George Peacock £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Pendre £3 8s 3d
James Pewterer £3 8s 3d
John Pashwater £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Pledger £3 8s 3d
Abram Ratcliff £3 8s 3d
Samˡ Reed £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Robinson £3 8s 3d
David Scott £3 8s 3d
Jnᵒ Smith to ye 4ᵗʰ day Decʳ as Corporal £3 11s 3¼d
Dᵒ from ye 4ᵗʰ to ye 31 Decʳ inclᵈ as Centinel £1 2s 2¼d
Robᵗ Sack £3 8s 3d
Joseph Thompson £3 8s 3d
Benjˢ Williams £3 8s 3d
John Willis £3 8s 3d
Joseph Woodman £3 8s 3d
James Woodwise £3 8s 3d
Jeremiah Wymott £3 8s 3d

£171 0s ½d
Carried Over £1330 13s 5¼d

The subtotal brought forward amounted to £1159 13s 1¼d, while the previous total for the sentinels stood at £64 7s 7d.

The remaining sentinels were Thomas Hendrick, Richard Knight, John Langbridge, Thomas Lawrence, Samuel M‘Lane, John M‘Key, Abram Major, Samuel Mazure, Charles Montague, Charles Newcomb, Valentine Nobles, Joseph Newman, Thomas Oliver, Thomas Paine, George Peacock, William Pendre, James Pewterer, John Pashwater, Thomas Pledger, Abram Ratcliff, Samuel Reed, William Robinson, David Scott, John Smith, Robert Sack, Joseph Thompson, Benjamin Williams, John Willis, Joseph Woodman, James Woodwise, and Jeremiah Wymott.

Of these men, Thomas Hendrick through David Scott each received £3 8s 3d. Abram Major was paid £3 6s 3¾d for his service as sentinel up to 21 December, including that day, and £0 10s 5¾d for his subsequent service as corporal to the end of the month. Samuel Mazure received £3 11s ½d. John Smith was paid £3 11s 3¼d for his service as corporal up to 4 December and £1 2s 2¼d for his service as sentinel from 4 to 31 December.

The total for these sentinels amounted to £171 0s ½d.

The running total carried forward at this point came to £1330 13s 5¼d.

34

30

Brought over £1330 13s 5¼d

Fourth Company
Thoˢ Kirkpatrick 1ˢᵗ Lieutᵗ Salary £10
Dᵒ Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Dᵒ House Rent £2 10s £19 6s 10½d
Jnᵒ French 2ⁿᵈ Lieutᵗ Salary to ye 27 Octᵒ inclusive, ye day he died £8 13s 4¾d
Dᵒ Diet Money £2 6s £11 0s 4¾d £23 11s 9d

Sergeants
Joseph Lighlow £6 11s 6d
Wᵐ Oakman £6 11s 6d
Wᵐ Moor £6 11s 6d £20 3s 6d

Corporals
Edwᵈ Murphey £1 7s 9d
Peter Caskey £1 7s 9d
George Masters £1 7s 9d £13 3s 3d
John Allis Drummer £1 7s 9d

Centrinels
James Allin £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Bower £3 8s 3d
Jnᵒ Bardin £3 8s 3d
Isaac Bennitt £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Barnath £3 8s 3d
Phillip Catchpole £3 8s 3d
Edwᵈ Cocker £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Draper £3 8s 3d
Samˡ Eales £3 8s 3d
George Easton £3 8s 3d
Jnᵒ Ellis to Decʳ ye 17ᵗʰ inclusive, ye day he died £2 10s 10¾d
George French £3 8s 3d
Jonᵃ Godbee £3 8s 3d
Evan Goodboy £3 8s 3d
John Gilbert £3 8s 3d £50 6s 1¾d

Carried Over £1391 19s 8¼d

The subtotal brought forward amounted to £1330 13s 5¼d.

In the fourth company, Thomas Kirkpatrick, first lieutenant, received a salary of £10, diet money of £6 16s 10½d, and house rent of £2 10s, making a total of £19 6s 10½d.

John French, second lieutenant, was paid £8 13s 4¾d in salary up to 27 October, the day he died, and a further £2 6s in diet money, bringing his total to £11 0s 4¾d. The combined total for both lieutenants amounted to £23 11s 9d.

Among the sergeants, Joseph Lighlow, William Oakman, and William Moor each received £6 11s 6d, giving a total of £20 3s 6d.

The corporals Edward Murphey, Peter Caskey, and George Masters each received £1 7s 9d, amounting in total to £13 3s 3d.

John Allis, drummer, received £1 7s 9d.

Among the sentinels, James Allin, Thomas Bower, John Bardin, Isaac Bennitt, William Barnath, Phillip Catchpole, Edward Cocker, Thomas Draper, Samuel Eales, George Easton, George French, Jonathan Godbee, Evan Goodboy, and John Gilbert each received £3 8s 3d. John Ellis was paid £2 10s 10¾d for his service up to 17 December, the day he died.

The total for these sentinels came to £50 6s 1¾d.

The running total carried forward at this point amounted to £1391 19s 8¼d.

35

31

Brought Over £1391 19s 8¼d
Centrinels Brought Over £50 6s 1¾d

James Green £3 8s 3d
James Hall £3 8s 3d
Peter Higgins £3 8s 3d
John Haley £3 8s 3d
Job Harrison £3 8s 3d
James Heels £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Harris £3 8s 3d
Samˡ Hendrick £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Hendrice £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Kent £3 8s 3d
John Loyd £3 8s 3d
Moses Menanto £3 8s 3d
Duncan M‘Larron £3 8s 3d
Samˡ Peploe £3 8s 3d
Mattʷ Peters to Decʳ ye 18ᵗʰ inclᵈ ye day he Deserted £2 19s 1d
Edwᵈ Ricketts £3 8s 3d
Benjˢ Rasson £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Robinson £3 8s 3d
David Robinson £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Reynolds £3 8s 3d
Arnold Sapsord £3 8s 3d
Danˡ Sargeant £3 8s 3d
John Smith £3 8s 3d
Chaˢ Soakes £3 8s 3d
Timothy Sullivan £3 8s 3d
Thoˢ Swort £3 8s 3d
John Saylor £3 8s 3d
Wᵐ Taylor £3 8s 3d
Edwᵈ Terrey £3 8s 3d
Samˡ Vaughn £3 8s 3d
Josˢ Uffen £3 8s 3d
Benjˢ Williams £3 8s 3d
Jnᵒ Walker Senʳ £3 8s 3d
Jnᵒ Walker Junʳ £3 8s 3d
Robᵗ Wright £3 8s 3d

£168 15s 11¾d
Carried Over £1560 15s 7½d

The subtotal brought forward amounted to £1391 19s 8¼d, while the previous total for the sentinels stood at £50 6s 1¾d.

The remaining sentinels were James Green, James Hall, Peter Higgins, John Haley, Job Harrison, James Heels, William Harris, Samuel Hendrick, William Hendrice, William Kent, John Loyd, Moses Menanto, Duncan M‘Larron, Samuel Peploe, Matthew Peters, Edward Ricketts, Benjamin Rasson, Thomas Robinson, David Robinson, Thomas Reynolds, Arnold Sapsord, Daniel Sargeant, John Smith, Charles Soakes, Timothy Sullivan, Thomas Swort, John Saylor, William Taylor, Edward Terrey, Samuel Vaughn, Joseph Uffen, Benjamin Williams, John Walker Senior, John Walker Junior, and Robert Wright.

Each of these men received £3 8s 3d, except Matthew Peters, who was paid £2 19s 1d for his service up to 18 December, the day he deserted.

The total for these sentinels came to £168 15s 11¾d.

The running total carried forward at this stage amounted to £1560 15s 7½d.

36

32

Brought Over £1560 15s 7½d

Artillery Company
John French Master Gun Salary £13 8s 9d
Dᵒ Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Dᵒ House Rent £2 10s £22 15s 7½d

Gunners Mates
Jacob Leech £1 17s 6d
Nathan Sampson £1 17s 6d
Roger Newanson £1 17s 6d
John Christofel £1 17s 6d
Samˡ Corthard £1 17s 6d
Ely Leech £1 17s 6d
Wᵐ Tanner £1 17s 6d
Humphry Bugh £1 17s 6d £39 0s 0d

Quarter Gunners
John Cottage £1 17s 9d
John Butler £1 17s 9d
John Stringstall £1 17s 9d
Edwᵈ Bedford £1 17s 9d
Edwᵈ Arnold £1 17s 9d
John Watkins £1 17s 9d
Adam Milburn £1 17s 9d
Henry Carter £1 17s 9d £35 2s 0d

Matrosses
Joseph Boswell £1 11s 3d
Wᵐ Bateman £1 11s 3d
Peter Bath £1 11s 3d
Samˡ Clark £1 11s 3d
Edwᵈ Cullimore £1 11s 3d
John Cawdrey £1 11s 3d
Derby Eales £1 11s 3d
Anthony Day £1 11s 3d £32 10s 0d

Carried Over £1657 18s 3d

The subtotal brought forward amounted to £1560 15s 7½d.

Within the artillery company, John French, master gunner, received a salary of £13 8s 9d, diet money of £6 16s 10½d, and house rent of £2 10s, giving a total of £22 15s 7½d.

Among the gunners’ mates, Jacob Leech, Nathan Sampson, Roger Newanson, John Christofel, Samuel Corthard, Ely Leech, William Tanner, and Humphry Bugh each received £1 17s 6d, together amounting to £39.

For the quarter gunners, John Cottage, John Butler, John Stringstall, Edward Bedford, Edward Arnold, John Watkins, Adam Milburn, and Henry Carter each received £1 17s 9d, giving a total of £35 2s.

Among the matrosses [artillery assistants], Joseph Boswell, William Bateman, Peter Bath, Samuel Clark, Edward Cullimore, John Cawdrey, Derby Eales, and Anthony Day each received £1 11s 3d, totalling £32 10s.

The running total carried forward at this stage amounted to £1657 18s 3d.

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33

Brought Over £1657 13s 3d
Mabsefs Brought Over £32 10s
Phillip Hilliard £1 1s 3d
William Henslow £1 1s 3d
Patrick Murphy £1 1s 3d
Richard Mason £1 1s 3d
William Ormes £1 1s 3d
Lawrence Peterson £1 1s 3d
John Smith Senr £1 1s 3d
John Smith Junr £1 1s 3d
Joseph Thomas £1 1s 3d
Robert Vichars £1 1s 3d
William Willman £1 1s 3d
John Whitchurch £1 1s 3d
£81 5s 6d

Superannuated
Richard Tinley Overseer £3 8s 3d
Joseph Whaley Sergeant £3 8s 3d
William Burnham Do £3 8s 3d
Francis Funge Armourer £0 6s 7½d
£16 5s 4½d
£1753 3s 7½d

The account continued with a balance brought forward of £1560 15s 7½d. It then listed the men serving in the Artillery Company, together with their respective pay and allowances.

John French, the Master Gunner, was paid £13 8s 9d in salary, £6 16s 10½d for diet money, and £2 10s for house rent, making £22 15s 7½d in total.

The Gunners’ Mates were Jacob Leech, Nathan Sampson, Roger Newanson, John Christofel, Samuel Corthard, Ely Leech, William Tanner, and Humphry Bugh. Each received £1 17s 6d, giving a combined total of £39.

The Quarter Gunners comprised John Cottage, John Butler, John Stringstall, Edward Bedford, Edward Arnold, John Watkins, Adam Milburn, and Henry Carter. Each man earned £1 17s 9d, amounting in total to £35 2s.

The Matrosses [assistant gunners responsible for loading and handling artillery] were Joseph Boswell, William Bateman, Peter Bath, Samuel Clark, Edward Cullimore, John Cawdrey, Derby Eales, and Anthony Day. Each was paid £1 11s 3d, giving a total of £32 10s.

Together these figures produced a carried forward total of £1657 18s 3d.

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34

Dr John Clark Paymaster

1718
December 31 To Cash Received from the Honble Companys for Cash Chest £1965 13s 2¼d

Carried Over £1965 13s 2¼d

John Clark, paymaster, debtor.

31 December 1748, to cash received from the Honourable Company for the quarter, £1,963 15s 2¾d

Carried over, £1,963 15s 2¾d

Interpretations

This page opens the paymaster's cash account for the quarter, kept as a two-sided reckoning with John Clark now serving as paymaster, the office having passed from James Powell who kept it through the earlier quarters of 1748. The single debtor entry charges Clark with the whole sum drawn from the Company's cash chest to answer the quarter's pay, £1,963 15s 2¾d, the money the treasury put into his hands to settle the salaries, diet money, bounties and labour of the establishment.

The figure stands close to the quarter's charges throughout the run, the two-sided paymaster's cash account reaching £1,835 11s 0½d, £1,971 7s 11½d and £2,099 10s 1d in the preceding quarters, the sum rising and falling with the recruit bounties, the express fees for ships to windward and above all the yams the Company bought of the planters through the drought. The single line carried forward here is the opening of the account, the credit side to follow setting out man by man and charge by charge how the money was laid out, the balance returning to the cash at the close.

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35

Per Contra

1718
Octobr 10 By Cash pd Wm Davis Sent for inlisting to serve the Honble Company as Soldier for five Years (to commence from the Date) £3 5s
20 By Do pd Sam Long for com Cargo pd with an Acct of a Ship to Windward £3 5s
Novr 3 By Do paid Capt Francis Powder for the following Articles for the Use of the Honble Company as Sales No 1 £1 3s 11d
3 Mace £12s
2 Gloucester Cheeses £1 5s 7d
2 Cheshire Cheeses £2 13s 1d
1 Box Candles for ye use of Castle £3 3s

Decembr 2 By Do pd Stephen Isaac Doct of ye Ship Duke of Newcastle for taking care of two of ye Honble Companys Servts in their passage £0 10s
2 By Do pd Wm Barns for com Cargo pd with an Acct of a Ship to Windward £0 5s
2 By Do pd Sam Falconer Surgeon for his Extraordinary Trouble in Providing ye Hospital with Provisions there being no Surgeons Mate £0 10s
8 By Do pd Capt Moth for 4480 lb Rice at ¾d p lb for the Use of the Honble Companys Slaves £16 16s
8 By Do pd for 300 lb Candles for ye use of Castle at 3½d p lb £3 7s 6d
30 By Do pd Edwd Allis for com Cargo pd with an Acct of a Ship to Windward £0 5s
31 By Do pd Mr Duffton his Allowance for Assisting the Surgeon Mr Saml Falconer in making up Medicines &c in this Quarter £3 8s 3d
By Do paid Mr Willoughby for Baking 30 Batches of Bread for the Garrison at 4s p Batch in this Quarter £6 13s 4d
By Do pd Jno Deysentaur for 6356 lb of Yams at £1 10s p Thousand for the Use of the Honble Companys Slaves in this Quarter £8 9s 9¾d
By Do pd Saml Wrangham Senr for 43724 lb of Yams at £1 10s p Thousand for the Use of the Honble Companys Slaves in this Quarter £65 11s 9d
By Do pd Saml Greenbee Junr for 11005 lb of Yams at £1 10s p Thousand for the Use of the Honble Companys Slaves in this Quarter £16 11s 6d
By Do pd Francis Funge for 9740 lb of Yams at £1 10s p Thousand for the Use of the Honble Companys Slaves in this Quarter £14 12s 6d
By Do pd John Deysentaur for 4300 lb of Yams at £1 10s p Thousand for the Use of the Honble Companys Slaves this Quarter £6 9s

Carried Over £162 15s 9¾d

The account then continued under the heading “Per Contra”, detailing payments made by Dr John Clark in 1718.

On 10 October, he paid William Davis £3 5s for his enlistment to serve the Honourable Company as a soldier for five years, the term to begin from that date.

On 20 October, he paid Samuel Long £3 5s in connection with a common cargo sent with an account of a ship lying to windward.

On 3 November, he paid Captain Francis Powder £1 3s 11d for several articles supplied for the Honourable Company’s use, entered as Sales No. 1. These included three mace at 12s, two Gloucester cheeses at £1 5s 7d, two Cheshire cheeses at £2 13s 1d, and one box of candles for the Castle at £3 3s.

On 2 December, he paid Stephen Isaac, doctor of the ship Duke of Newcastle, 10s for attending two of the Honourable Company’s servants during their passage.

That same day, he paid William Barns 5s for a common cargo connected with an account of a ship to windward, and Samuel Falconer, surgeon, 10s for his extra efforts in providing the hospital with provisions at a time when there was no surgeon’s mate.

On 8 December, he paid Captain Moth £16 16s for 4480 lb of rice at three farthings per pound, for the use of the Honourable Company’s slaves. On the same date, he paid £3 7s 6d for 300 lb of candles for the Castle at three and a half pence per pound.

On 30 December, he paid Edward Allis 5s for a common cargo related to a ship to windward.

On 31 December, he paid Mr Duffton £3 8s 3d for assisting the surgeon, Mr Samuel Falconer, in preparing medicines during the quarter. He also paid Mr Willoughby £6 13s 4d for baking thirty batches of bread for the garrison at four shillings per batch during the quarter.

Further payments were made for supplies of yams for the Company’s slaves. John Deysentaur received £8 9s 9¾d for 6356 lb of yams at £1 10s per thousand. Samuel Wrangham senior was paid £65 11s 9d for 43724 lb, Samuel Greenbee junior £16 11s 6d for 11005 lb, Francis Funge £14 12s 6d for 9740 lb, and John Deysentaur an additional £6 9s for 4300 lb.

The combined total of these expenditures was carried forward as £162 15s 9¾d.

40

36

Blank page

41

37

Per Contra

1748
Decr 31 By Cash pd Mr Young for 6750 lb of Yams at £1 10s p Thousand for the Use of the Honble Companys Slaves in this Quarter £10 3s 5d
By Do pd Wm Orme for going 8 Days in the Long Boat to fetch Lime in this Quarter £0 8s
By Do pd Sundry Persons their Allowance for Work in the Furnace this Quarter £4 10s
By Do pd Abram Mayor for Assisting ye Armourer 27½ days for making Straps for Dead Eyes &c for the Honble Companys Ship Duke of Newcastle in this Quarter £0 3s
By Do pd Edwd Amiel for mending Lime Bags in this Quarter £0 2s 7d
By Do pd Robt Bagley for 1100 of Lemons at 2½d p Hundred & 13 Bushels Potatoes at 5s p Bushel for the Use of the Honble Companys Castle in this Quarter £1 17s 1d
By Do paid Michael Shoost for mending and Cleaning Clocks in the Castle this Quarter £0 8s
By Do paid Wm Cook for Soldering of Leads over the Porch and other parts of the House in the Castle this Quarter £0 7s
By Do pd John Gilbert for 55 Days Work in the Great Wood for the Honble Companys Service & making of Gate to the Pasture Ground at 6d p Day in this Quarter £1 4s 2d
By Do paid Anthony Day for 76 Days Work in looking after the Honble Companys Stock &c in the Great Wood at 3½d p Day in this Quarter £1 15s 6d
By Do pd Jonathan Hetchen for 53 Days Work in the Great Wood & for making Gate to the Pasture Ground at 6½d p Day in this Quarter £1 4s 2d
By Do pd Charles Hookes for Planting Rooms Kitchen &c in the Castle in this Quarter £0 2s 2d
By Do pd Gabriel Isaack for 5 Days Sails of Several Sorts for the Honble Companys Service in this Quarter £1 1s
By Do pd Wm Bull for Sawing Deals for Lieut John Frenche’s Coffin in this Quarter ye Company’s Surgeon being sick £0 3s 9d
By Do paid Aaron Debatt for 4 Days Work in mending Long Boats Sails in this Quarter £0 10s

Carried Over £200 12s 6¾d

The account continued under the heading “Per Contra”, recording payments made in 1748.

On 31 December, a payment was made to Mr Young for 6750 lb of yams supplied at £1 10s per thousand, for the use of the Honourable Company’s slaves during that quarter, amounting to £10 3s 5d.

William Orme received 8s for eight days’ work in the longboat fetching lime within the quarter.

Various persons were paid £4 10s collectively for their allowances for work carried out in the furnace during the same period.

Abraham Mayor was paid 3s for assisting the armourer over 27½ days in making straps for deadeyes and other fittings required for the Honourable Company’s ship Duke of Newcastle.

Edward Amiel received 2s 7d for mending lime bags during the quarter.

Robert Bagley was paid £1 17s 1d for providing 1100 lemons at two and a half pence per hundred, together with thirteen bushels of potatoes at five shillings per bushel, all for the use of the Honourable Company’s Castle.

Michael Shoost received 8s for cleaning and repairing the Castle clocks during the quarter.

William Cook was paid 7s for soldering the lead over the porch and other parts of the Castle buildings.

John Gilbert received £1 4s 2d for fifty-five days’ work in the Great Wood in the Company’s service, including the making of a gate to the pasture ground, paid at sixpence per day.

Anthony Day was paid £1 15s 6d for seventy-six days’ work overseeing the Company’s livestock and other duties in the Great Wood, at three and a half pence per day.

Jonathan Hetchen earned £1 4s 2d for fifty-three days’ work in the Great Wood and for constructing a gate to the pasture ground, at six and a half pence per day.

Charles Hookes received 2s 2d for planting the Castle’s rooms and kitchen during the quarter.

Gabriel Isaack was paid £1 1s for making sails of several kinds for the Honourable Company’s service.

William Bull received 3s 9d for sawing timber planks for the coffin of Lieutenant John French, as the Company’s surgeon was ill at the time.

Aaron Debatt was paid 10s for four days’ work repairing the longboat’s sails.

The total of these payments was carried forward as £200 12s 6¾d.

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January 16

Dr John Clark Paymaster

Brought Over £1965 13s 2¼d

Counted and Examined the Honble Companys Cash for the Month of December last, which is as follows Vizt

Cash Dr

1718
Decembr 7 To Ballance remaining £2739 5s 11d
5 To Plantation Acct for Salt Hogs & Pigs sold at Publick Auction £21 4s 10d
15 To Rece for Provisions sent to Market the last Month £0 8s 2d
12 To Exchange Vizt
One Sett of Bills drawn on the Honble Court of Directors, Payable to Charles Hutchenson Esqr or Order 90 Days after Sight Dated this Day £120
One Sett Do drawn on the Honble Court of Directors, Payable to Capt Isaac Worth or Order 90 Days after Sight Dated this Day £300
£420 0s 0d

Carried Over £3178 18s 11d

On 16 January, Dr John Clark, as Paymaster, reported on the Honourable Company’s cash account. The balance brought forward stood at £1965 13s 2¼d.

He recorded that the Company’s cash for the month of December had been counted and examined, the account being set out as follows.

On 7 December 1718, there remained a balance of £2739 5s 11d.

On 5 December, £21 4s 10d was received under the plantation account for salt hogs and pigs sold at public auction.

On 15 December, a further 8s 2d was received for provisions that had been sent to market during the previous month.

On 12 December, exchange transactions were noted consisting of two sets of bills drawn upon the Honourable Court of Directors. The first was payable to Charles Hutchinson Esquire or his order, ninety days after sight, for £120; the second was payable to Captain Isaac Worth or his order, on the same terms, for £300. The total value of these bills amounted to £420.

The cumulative total was carried forward as £3178 18s 11d.

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39

Per Contra

1748
Decr 31 By Cash pd the undermentioned Persons for Work done by them at Chubbs Rock in this Quarter Vizt
Derby Coiles 27 Days at 1s p Day £1 7s
Edwd Gill 27 Days at Do £1 7s
Edwd Servey 21 Days at Do £1 1s
Thos Sutter 27 Days at Do £1 7s
Ambrose Bland 27 Days at Do £1 7s
Saml Woodhouse 18 Days at Do £0 18s
Wm Jones Stoneplad 21 Days at 2s £2 8s
£9 13s

By Do pd Tom Eales for two Days Work at 1s 9d p Day for Glazing Windows in the Great Wood this Quarter £0 4s
By Do pd the Honble Companys Officers & Servants their Salaries Diet Money &c for the Quarter commencing Octobr the 1st 1748 ending Decembr the 31st 1748 £1753 3s 7½d

Decembr the 31st 1748
£1965 13s 2¼d

Errors Excepted
John Clark Paymaster

Per Contra

1748
Decr 31 By Sundries advanced the Paymaster this Quarter £1965 13s 2¼d
By Ballance remg in the following Species Vizt
17½ Gold at 11.15.1¾ at 3.18.3 £46 1s 8½d
4 Do at 3.9.12 3.18 £13 11s 11½d
64 Venetians @10s £32
2500 Pagodas @8s £1000

Gold Amounting to £1091 12s 9d

2583 Dollars @5s £645 15s
4563 Half Riats @1s 6¾d £71 5s 11¼d
141 French ₣s @1s 3d £3 13s 6d

Old Money
Silver Amounting to £720 14s 6¾d

£1812 7s 3¾d
Carried Over £1965 15s 2¼d

The account continued under the heading “Per Contra”, detailing payments made on 31 December 1748.

On that date, cash was paid to several men for work carried out at Chubb’s Rock during the quarter. These were: Derby Coiles, twenty-seven days at one shilling per day, £1 7s; Edward Gill, twenty-seven days at the same rate, £1 7s; Edward Servey, twenty-one days at one shilling per day, £1 1s; Thomas Sutter, twenty-seven days at one shilling per day, £1 7s; Ambrose Bland, twenty-seven days at one shilling per day, £1 7s; Samuel Woodhouse, eighteen days at one shilling per day, 18s; and William Jones, stone-plad, twenty-one days at two shillings per day, £2 8s. The total for this work amounted to £9 13s.

A further payment was made to Tom Eales of 4s for two days’ work at one shilling ninepence per day, for glazing windows in the Great Wood.

Another payment of £1753 3s 7½d covered the salaries, diet money, and allowances of the Honourable Company’s officers and servants for the quarter beginning 1 October and ending 31 December 1748.

The total sum for these disbursements was £1965 13s 2¼d. The account was signed and certified “Errors Excepted” by John Clark, Paymaster.

A further “Per Contra” entry followed for the same date, showing sundries advanced by the Paymaster during the quarter amounting to £1965 13s 2¼d, and setting out the balance remaining in various forms of coin.

These included 17½ gold coins valued at £46 1s 8½d, four more at £13 11s 11½d, sixty-four Venetian coins at 10s each totalling £32, and 2500 pagodas at 8s each amounting to £1000, bringing the gold total to £1091 12s 9d.

Silver consisted of 2583 dollars at 5s each (£645 15s), 4563 half riats at 1s 6¾d each (£71 5s 11¼d), and 141 French francs at 1s 3d each (£3 13s 6d). The combined value of the silver coinage was £720 14s 6¾d.

Altogether, the gold and silver amounted to £1812 7s 3¾d, which was carried forward as £1965 15s 2¼d.

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40

1748

December 17 To Ship Houghton the Ballance of her Account £29 5s 6d
To William Loveday recd of him on Account of his Bond £50 0s 0d
31 To Matthew Curling received of him for Store Goods Sold in the Months of October November and December £1042 13s 2d
To Licences recd for Ten Publick Houses £0 15s 0d
To Plantation received for Provisions Sent to the Market this Month £1 10s 10d

£4317 7s 6d

The cash account for December 1748 recorded several receipts.

On 17 December, £29 5s 6d was received in settlement of the balance of the account belonging to the ship Houghton.

On the same day, £50 was received from William Loveday on account of his bond.

On 31 December, the Storekeeper, Matthias Curling, paid in £1042 13s 2d for store goods sold during the months of October, November, and December.

Licences for ten public houses brought in a further 15s.

From the plantation account, £1 10s 10d was received for provisions sent to market during the month.

The total of these receipts amounted to £4317 7s 6d.

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41

Brought Over £1965 13s 2¼d
Brought Over £1812 7s 3¾d

146 Cash Notes at 40s £292
162 Do at 20s £162
268 Do 5s £65 5s
160 Do 2s 6d £20

Cash Notes Amounting to £539 5s

£2351 12s 3¾d
£4317 7s 6d

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a consultation held on Monday the 23 day of January 1748 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esquire Governor
Captain David Hunter Lieut Governor
Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last consultation was read approved and signed

The Accomptant brought in his Journal parcels for the Quarter ending the 31 of December last which were Examined approved and ordered to be entered

Andrew Blinman Soldier petitioned for his discharge, which we have granted, on his paying two guineas part of the bounty money he received three years ago being according to agreement with the late Govr Dunbar when he enlisted

The continuation of the account recorded two sums brought forward: £1965 13s 2¼d and £1812 7s 3¾d. Further entries listed the Company’s remaining cash notes, which included 146 notes valued at 40s each (£292), 162 notes at 20s each (£162), 268 notes at 5s each (£65 5s), and 160 notes at 2s 6d each (£20). The total value of the cash notes was £539 5s.

Together these brought the combined balance to £2351 12s 3¾d, and with previous figures the overall total stood at £4317 7s 6d.

The account was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A consultation was then held on Monday 23 January 1748 at the Castle, attended by Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, of the Council.

The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed. The Accountant presented his journal parcels for the quarter ending 31 December, which were examined, approved, and entered into the record.

A petition was then received from Andrew Blinman, a soldier, requesting his discharge. The Council granted his request on condition that he pay two guineas as partial repayment of the bounty money he had received three years earlier, in accordance with his agreement with the late Governor Dunbar at the time of his enlistment.

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42

The said Andrew Blinman petitioned for liberty to dispose of his effects, and to assign his lease to Sergeant Robert Mason

Granted

He likewise paid in the sum of £1 11s 9d in full of his debt due to the estate of the late Govr Goodwin.

Henry Moyce the Honble Company’s carpenter on the 19 instant resigned their Honours service and was accordingly dismissed.

Chas. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a consultation held on Monday the 30 day of January 1748 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governor
Capt David Hunter Lt Governour
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last consultation was read approved and signed

Sunday the 29 Passed by a Ship at some distance under Dutch colours which saluted the fort

Following the earlier decision, Andrew Blinman submitted another petition requesting permission to dispose of his personal effects and to transfer his lease to Sergeant Robert Mason. This request was granted.

He also paid £1 11s 9d in full settlement of the debt he owed to the estate of the late Governor Goodwin.

It was recorded that Henry Moyce, the Honourable Company’s carpenter, had on the 19th of the month resigned from their service and was accordingly discharged.

The entry was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A further consultation took place on Monday 30 January 1748 at the Castle, attended by Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, of the Council.

The minutes of the previous meeting were read, approved, and signed.

It was also noted that on Sunday the 29th, a ship flying Dutch colours had passed the island at some distance and had saluted the fort.

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43

Mr Thomas Easthope presented the following petition.

To the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governor & Council

Sheweth

The humble petition of Thomas Easthope that your petitioner being desirous to dispose of his interest in a lease for sixteen acres & a half of land in Sandy Bay and two acres near the Main Ridge, humbly prays that he may have liberty so to do, and that you will be pleased to accept of Mr John Worrall tenant for the former, and Mr Francis Wrangham Senr for the latter.

30 January 1748

Granted

And your petitioner shall ever pray
(signed) Thos Easthope

Mr John Worrall presented the following petition.

To the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governor & Council

Sheweth

The humble petition of John Worrall that your petitioner being desirous to dispose of his interest in a lease for nine acres of land unto Mr Thomas Easthope, humbly begs that you will be pleased to accept of him as tenant for the same.

30 January 1748

Granted

And your petitioner shall ever pray
(signed) John Worrall

Chas Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At the same consultation, Mr Thomas Easthope presented a petition addressed to Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor, and the Council. In it, he explained that he wished to dispose of his interest in a lease covering sixteen and a half acres of land at Sandy Bay and a further two acres near the Main Ridge. He therefore requested permission to do so, proposing Mr John Worrall as tenant for the first property and Mr Francis Wrangham senior as tenant for the second. The petition, dated 30 January 1748 and signed by Thomas Easthope, was granted.

Mr John Worrall then presented a petition of his own, also addressed to the Governor and Council. He stated that he intended to dispose of his leasehold interest in nine acres of land to Mr Thomas Easthope and requested that Easthope be accepted as tenant for that property. This petition, likewise dated 30 January 1748 and signed by John Worrall, was granted.

The proceedings were signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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44

At a consultation held on Monday the 6 day of February 1748 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour
Capt David Hunter Lieut Governour
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last consultation was read approved and signed

Monday the 30 January Died Elizabeth Wife of Orlando Bagley
Febry 3 Died Mary Daughter of William Duffton

Mr John French petitioned for leave to administer in the estate of his deceased son John

Granted and letters were ordered to be wrote for that purpose

Baron Deloef petitioned to assign his lease for a piece of land in this valley to Stephen Willoughby

Granted

Chas Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At the same consultation, Mr Thomas Easthope presented a petition addressed to Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor, and the Council. In it, he explained that he wished to dispose of his interest in a lease covering sixteen and a half acres of land at Sandy Bay and a further two acres near the Main Ridge. He therefore requested permission to do so, proposing Mr John Worrall as tenant for the first property and Mr Francis Wrangham senior as tenant for the second. The petition, dated 30 January 1748 and signed by Thomas Easthope, was granted.

Mr John Worrall then presented a petition of his own, also addressed to the Governor and Council. He stated that he intended to dispose of his leasehold interest in nine acres of land to Mr Thomas Easthope and requested that Easthope be accepted as tenant for that property. This petition, likewise dated 30 January 1748 and signed by John Worrall, was granted.

The proceedings were signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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45

At a consultation held on Monday the 13 day of February 1748 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour
Capt David Hunter Lieut Governour
Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last consultation was read approved and signed

Friday the 10 Died Edward Gill Soldier

Mr Francis Hayes presented the following petition viz.

To the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour & Council

The humble petition of Francis Hayes sheweth that your petitioner being desirous to dispose of fifteen acres of lease land humbly prays that he may have liberty so to do, and that your Worship & Council will be pleased to accept of Mr Samuel Doverton tenant for the same.

13 February 1748

Granted

And your petitioner shall ever pray
(signed) Francis Hayes

The Plantation Gunners and Stewards Accounts for the month of January last were this day brought in, which were examined and approved, and are as follows viz.

A consultation was held on Monday 13 February 1748 at the Castle, attended by Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, of the Council.

The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Friday the 10th, Edward Gill, a soldier, had died.

Mr Francis Hayes then presented a petition addressed to the Governor and Council, stating that he wished to dispose of fifteen acres of leasehold land and humbly requested permission to do so. He proposed that Mr Samuel Doverton be accepted as tenant for the same. The petition, dated 13 February 1748 and signed by Francis Hayes, was granted.

The plantation gunners’ and stewards’ accounts for the month of January were then submitted, examined, and approved, and were recorded in detail as follows.

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Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c a for the Month of January 1748

Neat Cattle Sheep Goats Hogs Poultry Horses

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Kid, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Sheats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining the 1: 2 Bulls, 87 Cows, 46 Calves, 48 Yearlings, 15 Heifers, 11 Steers, 6 Oxen, 215 Total, 94 Ewes, 7 Wethers, 47 Lambs, 4 Rams, 152 Total, 88 Ewes, 4 Wethers, 52 Kid, 5 Rams, 149 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 5 Sheats, 18 Piggs, 1 Boars, 30 Total, 20 Turkeys, 131 Fowls, 14 Ducks, 26 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Encreased: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 6 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 6 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 4 Lambs, 0 Rams, 4 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 18 Kid, 0 Rams, 18 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 6 Piggs, 0 Boars, 6 Total, 0 Turkeys, 50 Fowls, 6 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

2 Bulls, 87 Cows, 52 Calves, 48 Yearlings, 15 Heifers, 11 Steers, 6 Oxen, 221 Total, 94 Ewes, 7 Wethers, 51 Lambs, 4 Rams, 156 Total, 88 Ewes, 4 Wethers, 70 Kid, 5 Rams, 167 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 5 Sheats, 24 Piggs, 1 Boars, 36 Total, 20 Turkeys, 181 Fowls, 20 Ducks, 26 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Killed: 0 Bulls, 1 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 2 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 3 Total, 3 Ewes, 2 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 5 Total, 3 Ewes, 1 Wethers, 1 Kid, 0 Rams, 5 Total, 0 Sows, 1 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 1 Total, 1 Turkeys, 10 Fowls, 2 Ducks, 1 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Sent on board ½ Swift: 0 Bulls, 1 Cows, 0 Calves, 2 Yearlings, 1 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 4 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kid, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 2 Sows, 0 Barrows, 5 Sheats, 7 Piggs, 0 Boars, 7 Total, 24 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 4 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Died: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 1 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 1 Lambs, 0 Rams, 2 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kid, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 2 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 2 Total, 5 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 1 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Remaining the 31: 2 Bulls, 85 Cows, 52 Calves, 48 Yearlings, 13 Heifers, 8 Steers, 6 Oxen, 214 Total, 90 Ewes, 5 Wethers, 50 Lambs, 4 Rams, 149 Total, 85 Ewes, 3 Wethers, 69 Kid, 5 Rams, 162 Total, 3 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 22 Piggs, 1 Boars, 26 Total, 19 Turkeys, 142 Fowls, 18 Ducks, 20 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

So Beef to the Swift

527

So 4 Cattle sent on Board the Swift

840

So 7 Hogs Do Do

500

So Beef to the Market

35

So Pork to Do

9

So Goat to Do

16

So Yams Expended of the Honble Companys

18.000

So Yams Bought

17.250

35.250

[Signed]

David Hunter

Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of January 1748.

Neat cattle, remaining the 1st: bulls 2, cows 87, calves 46, yearlings 48, heifers 15, steers 11, oxen 6, total 215

Sheep, remaining the 1st: ewes 94, wethers 7, lambs 47, rams 4, total 152

Goats, remaining the 1st: ewes 88, wethers 4, kids 52, rams 5, total 149

Hogs, remaining the 1st: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 5, pigs 18, boars 1, total 30

Poultry, remaining the 1st: turkeys 20, fowls 131, ducks 14, geese 26, total 191

Horses, remaining the 1st: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Increased, neat cattle: calves 6, total 6

Increased, sheep: lambs 4, total 4

Increased, goats: kids 18, total 18

Increased, hogs: pigs 6, total 6

Increased, poultry: fowls 50, total 50

Neat cattle: bulls 2, cows 87, calves 52, yearlings 48, heifers 15, steers 11, oxen 6, total 221

Sheep: ewes 94, wethers 7, lambs 51, rams 4, total 156

Goats: ewes 88, kids 70, rams 5, total 170

Hogs: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 5, pigs 24, boars 1, total 36

Poultry: turkeys 20, fowls 181, ducks 20, geese 26, total 247

Horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Killed, neat cattle: calves 1, oxen 2, total 3

Killed, sheep: ewes 3, wethers 2, total 5

Killed, goats: ewes 3, wethers 1, kids 1, total 5

Killed, hogs: sows 1, total 1

Killed, poultry: turkeys 1, fowls 10, ducks 2, geese 1, total 14

Sent on board the Swift, neat cattle: cows 1, heifers 2, steers 1, total 4

Sent on board the Swift, hogs: shoats 2, pigs 5, total 7

Sent on board the Swift, poultry: fowls 24, total 24

Died, sheep: wethers 1, rams 1, total 2

Died, hogs: barrows 2, total 2

Died, poultry: fowls 5, total 5

Remaining the 31st, neat cattle: bulls 2, cows 85, calves 52, yearlings 48, heifers 13, steers 8, oxen 6, total 214

Remaining the 31st, sheep: ewes 90, wethers 5, lambs 50, rams 4, total 149

Remaining the 31st, goats: ewes 85, wethers 3, kids 69, rams 5, total 162

Remaining the 31st, hogs: sows 3, shoats 22, pigs 1, total 26

Remaining the 31st, poultry: turkeys 19, fowls 142, ducks 18, geese 20, total 199

Remaining the 31st, horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

The month's issues of meat and stock ran as follows.

Beef to the Swift, 527 lb

4 cattle sent on board the Swift, 840 lb

7 hogs sent on board the Swift, 500 lb

Beef to the market, 35 lb

Pork to the market, 9 lb

Goat to the market, 16 lb

Yams expended of the Honourable Company, 18,000 lb

Yams bought, 17,250 lb

total yams, 35,250 lb

The account subscribed by David Hunter.

Interpretations

This is the monthly stock account for January 1748, the running muster of the Company's herds and flocks kept by the Lieutenant Governor as husband, entered by every class and age from the bulls and cows down to the geese and mares, with the month's increase, killings, deaths and shipments set against the opening and closing figures. The neat cattle held near steady across the month, opening at 215 and closing at 214 after a calf and two oxen killed and four beasts sent aboard the Swift, the herd carried through a quiet season with the calving still coming in.

The account belongs at the head of 1748 rather than in the winter of the December quarter just processed, the stock muster run on its own monthly cycle and signed by David Hunter, who kept the herds through this stretch of the record. The goats made the strongest showing of the month, eighteen kids born against a handful killed and closing at 162, the goat ranges recovering their increase, while the poultry rose sharply on fifty fowls hatched before the killings and shipments drew the yard back down. The hogs fell from 36 to 26 as a sow was killed, two barrows died and seven were sent aboard the Swift, the sty thinned by the shipping.

The victualling of the Swift is the chief event of the month, the snow drawing 527 lb of beef, four cattle at 840 lb, seven hogs at 500 lb and two dozen fowls to provision her passage, the ship that had brought Governor Hutchinson's commission out in March 1747 now taking her sea stores from the island's herds. The yams tell the plainest story of the island's state, 18,000 lb of the Company's own dug against 17,250 lb bought of the planters, near half the month's supply drawn from the settlers as the long drought left the Company's own grounds unable to feed its slaves and stock, the same reversal that ran through the whole run of the record.

51

47

1748

Gunners Stores Expended in January 1748.

Guns fired to 9, to 4, to 2, to 1, Powder Expended

6 A double Alarm for 3 Ships that went by: 11 to 9, 8 to 4, 0 to 2, 3 to 1, 25½ Powder Expended

9 Departed the Swift Capt Bell: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

29 Alarm at Bankes for a Ship that went by: 2 2 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 14 Powder Expended

30 Fired to take up the Salute of the same Ship: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at Bankes from June ½ 7 to Jan the 31: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 3 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at the main Fort: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 3 Powder Expended

Total: 31 2 to 9, 8 to 4, 18 to 2, 3 to 1, 63½ Powder Expended

Iruck broke at the Bridge House

1

Paper for making of Small Cartredges

2 Quire

Handspikes delivered to Mr Jackson

1

Handspikes broke at Prosperous Bay

1

Handspikes broke at the Main Fort

1

Tallow for Greasing the Gun Carriages the Bar Iron

½ Wood & ½ long Boat from ½ 7 of Octr to ½ 31 Jan

Cask 1

[Signed] John Svenoh

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month of January 1748 & Vizt

29 Bottles Port Wine

2 4 1½

37 Do Lisbon

2 16 3

22 Do Madeira

2 6 9

104 Do Strong Beer

1 18 3½

101 Do Small 31 ½ Gallons

213 Beef

2 13 3

62 Pork

1 11

157 Mutton

3 5 5

7 Pr Salt Fish

14

2 Pr Salt Beef

3 6

62 Goat

1 8

1 Kid

5

1 Turkey

15

10 Fowls

3

2 Ducks

5

1 Goose

Carried over 20 8 4½

Gunner's stores expended in January 1748, entered by the day of the month, with the guns fired graded by bore and the powder expended against each occasion.

6th, a double alarm for 3 ships that went by: 11 guns fired to 9, 8 guns to 4, 3 guns to 1, powder 25½ lb

9th, departed the Swift, Captain Bell: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb

29th, alarm at Banks's for a ship that went by: 2 guns to 9, 2 guns to 4, powder 1¼ lb

30th, fired to take up the salute of the same ship: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb

powder for priming at Banks's from 1 June to 31 January, 3 lb

powder for priming at the main Fort, 3 lb

total: 11 guns to 9, 8 guns to 4, 18 guns to 2, 3 guns to 1, powder 63½ lb

The gunner's stores and other articles expended in the month.

1 truck broke at the Ridge House

1 quire of paper, for making small cartridges

1 handspike delivered to Mr Jackson

1 handspike broke at Prosperous Bay

1 handspike broke at the main Fort

1 cask of tallow, for greasing the gun carriages, the barn and the long boat, from 1 October to 31 January

The account subscribed by John French.

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of January 1748.

29 bottles of port wine, £2 4s 1¼d

37 bottles of Lisbon, £2 16s 3d

22 bottles of Madeira, £2 6s 9d

104 bottles of strong beer, £1 18s 3½d

101 bottles of small beer, 31¼ gallons in all, £0 [...] 0d

213 lb of beef, £2 13s 3d

62 lb of pork, £1 11s 0d

157 lb of mutton, £3 5s 5d

7 quarters of salt pork, £0 14s 0d

2 quarters of salt beef, £0 3s 6d

62 lb of goat, £1 0s 8d

1 kid, £0 5s 0d

1 turkey, £0 15s 0d

10 fowls, £0 3s 0d

2 ducks, £0 3s 0d

1 goose, £0 [...] 0d

Carried over, £20 8s 4½d

Interpretations

The gunner's account for January 1748 records a quiet month at the batteries, the guns fired only on a double alarm for three ships passing by, on the departure of the Swift and on an alarm and salute at Banks's, with a little powder kept for priming through the winter. The whole expenditure was 63½ lb of powder, a modest figure against the heavy firing of the busy shipping seasons, the road standing near empty and the war over. Each arrival was still met with an alarm of guns before the ship could be named, the lookout able to see a sail but not to know her, and a salute answered once she proved friendly.

The stores below the powder are the wear and breakage of the guns and their gear, the broken truck at the Ridge House, the handspikes split at Prosperous Bay and the main fort, the quire of paper for the cartridges and the cask of tallow drawn to grease the gun carriages, the barn and the long boat across four months. A truck is the small wooden wheel of a gun carriage, a handspike the lever used to shift and lay the piece, and the tallow the standing grease that kept the carriages and the boat working, John French the gunner subscribing the account as he had through the whole run before his death later in 1748.

The castle sundries are the board's own table stores for the month, the port, Lisbon, Madeira and beer of the officers' drink and the beef, pork, mutton, goat and poultry of the table, run at just over £20 for January. Mutton carried the meat at £3 5s 5d for 157 lb, the herd held and the wethers killed for the board while the fresh beef was spared, the pattern of the winter when the cattle were husbanded against the coming shipping. The wine and beer are the heaviest lines together, the imported drink the settled fare of the castle, the whole carried forward at £20 8s 4½d as the account ran on into the year.

52

48

February

Brought over 20 8 1½

23 Bottles Goa Arrack

8 1¾

14 Do Batavia

9 4

313 Flour

2 2 1½

32 Sugar

6 8

32 Candy

9 4

46 Butter

2 6

26 10 3

Chas Hutchinson

David Hunter

John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 20 day of

February 1748 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Govr

Capt David Hunter Lt Govr

Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and Signed

Wednesday the 15 Arrived the Effex Captain Jackson from Bombay

Thursday the 16 Arrived and Sailed the Honble Company Snow the Swallow

Capt Norton Hutchinson by which Opportunity We wrote to

their Honours

Counted and Examined the Honble Company

Cash for the Month of January last which is as follows Vizt

Cash

Sundries brought over from the previous page, £20 8s 4½d.

23 bottles of Goa arrack, £0 8s 1¾d

14 lb of calavances, £0 0s 9¼d

313 lb of flour, £2 2s 1¾d

32 lb of sugar, £0 6s 8d

32 lb of candy, £0 9s 4d

46 lb of butter, £2 2s 6d

total, £26 10s 3d

The account subscribed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark.

At a consultation held on Monday 20 February 1748 at the castle. Present: Charles Hutchinson, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

On Wednesday 15 February the Essex, Captain Jackson, arrived from Bombay. On Thursday 16 February the Honourable Company's snow the Swallow, Captain Norton Hutchinson, arrived and sailed, by which opportunity the board wrote to the Court of Directors.

The board counted and examined the Honourable Company's cash for the month of January, which follows.

Interpretations

The tail of the castle sundries closes the January table account, the Goa arrack, calavances, flour, sugar, candy and butter of the board's own provisioning, the whole month standing at £26 10s 3d and subscribed by the three members who made up the reduced board of 1748, Governor Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter the Lieutenant Governor and John Clark. The Goa arrack here is the one arrack line, the weaker spirit of the Portuguese coast that the store fell back on when the stronger Batavia arrack ran out, the same shortage that had emptied the arrack from the quarter's sales.

The consultation of 20 February 1748 is a short one, turning on the shipping in the road. The Essex, Captain Jackson, came in from Bombay, and the Company's snow the Swallow under Captain Norton Hutchinson arrived and sailed the same stretch of days, the board seizing her passage to write home to the Court of Directors. A snow was a small two-masted vessel often used for the Company's dispatch and coasting work, and the quick turn of the Swallow was the kind of chance the island took to send its letters home, the mails going whenever a homeward hull could carry them rather than on any fixed post.

The counting of the Company's cash for January opens the treasury account that follows, the monthly count of the coin in the castle chest, the settled close of each month's business by which the board satisfied itself that the specie on hand answered the books. The cash was told over coin by coin, the pagodas, dollars and lesser money weighed and reckoned against the standing balance, the treasury standing as the Company's strongroom on the island through the war and the peace that had just followed it.

53

49

Cash Dr

1748 Janry

To Ballance remaining £2351 12s 3¾d

2 To John Goodwin Esq deceased Vizt Received of Major Jackson in full of his Debt £1 1s 9d

Received of Francis Tungee in part of his Debt £30 - -

Received of John French Gunner in full of his Debt £45 12s 10½d

£100 12s 7½d

To Exchange Vizt One sett of Bills drawn on the Honble Court of Directors payable to Joseph Dawbell or Order 90 days after sight dated this day £211 - -

One sett of Bills drawn as above payable to Capt John Bell or Order 90 days after sight dated this day £212 - -

23 To John Goodwin Esq Decd Rec’d of Andrew Blinman in full of his Debt £1 11s 9d

Carried over £2882 16s 8¾d

Per Contra Cr

1748 Janry 31

By Ballance remaining in the following specie Vizt

17½ Gold at £15 14s at 3:18:3 £46 1s 8½d

4¾ Do 3:9:12 3:18 - £13 11s ½d

64 Venetiams @ 10s £32 - -

3000 Pagodas @ 8s £1200 - -

Gold amounting to £1291 12s 9d

3920 Dollars @ 5s £980 - -

4563 Half Rials @ 6¾d £71 5s 11¼d

141 French pieces @ 1s 2d £3 3s 6d

Old Money £3 - -

Silver amounting to £1053 2s 5¼d

146 Cash Notes @ 40s £292 - -

162 Do @ 20s £162 - -

261 Do @ 5s £65 5s -

160 Do @ 2/6 £20 - -

Cash Notes amounting to £539 5s -

Carried over £2886 - 2¼d

The cash account for January 1748 recorded receipts and balances as follows.

The balance brought forward amounted to £2351 12s 3¾d.

On 2 January, sums were received relating to the estate of John Goodwin Esquire, deceased. From Major Jackson, £1 1s 9d was received in full payment of a debt; from Francis Tungee, £30 was received in part payment; and from John French, Gunner, £45 12s 10½d was received in full. These receipts totalled £100 12s 7½d.

Exchange transactions were then noted, consisting of one set of bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, payable to Joseph Dawbell or his order, ninety days after sight, dated that day for £211; and another set, similarly drawn and payable to Captain John Bell or his order, dated the same day for £212.

On 23 January, £1 11s 9d was received from Andrew Blinman in full payment of a debt due to the estate of John Goodwin Esquire, deceased.

These sums together produced a carried forward total of £2882 16s 8¾d.

The corresponding “Per Contra” section dated 31 January 1748 listed the balance remaining in various kinds of coin.

Gold comprised 17½ coins valued at £46 1s 8½d, 4¾ more at £13 11s ½d, sixty-four Venetians at 10s each totalling £32, and 3000 pagodas at 8s each amounting to £1200. The gold altogether came to £1291 12s 9d.

Silver included 3920 dollars at 5s each (£980), 4563 half rials at 1s 6¾d each (£71 5s 11¼d), 141 French pieces at 1s 2d each (£3 3s 6d), and a small amount of old money valued at £3. The total value of silver was £1053 2s 5¼d.

Cash notes were also held as follows: 146 at 40s each (£292), 162 at 20s each (£162), 261 at 5s each (£65 5s), and 160 at 2s 6d each (£20). These notes together amounted to £539 5s.

The total of all species combined was carried forward as £2886 0s 2¼d.

54

50

Brought over £2882 16s 8¾d

Janry 23 To Garrison Rec of Andrew Blinman part of £5 5s which he rec for Bounty Money there being only three years of the time he was to serve expired £2 2s -

31 To Plantation received for provisions sent to the Market this month £1 1s 6d

£2886 3s 6¾d

The Swallow snow brought the following supply Vizt

Invoice of goods pr Swallow snow

Wax Candles No 1 to 5 5 Chests of each 2 Mats in Factory Weight 10 pds at £43 8s 6d per Md £435 5s -

Charges Merchandise

5 Chests a 1 rupee 8 annas £7 8s -
Wrappers 1 10s -
Gunnys 1 4s -
Packers & Cooley 3 9s -

£10 9s 9d

Current Rs 445 14 9

Fort William 17 November 1748

Errors Excepted
W. Tempe (Bursar)

Lieutenant John Clark reports that he has been on board the ship Efox to muster her company, search for deserters, but found none. The Muster Roll is as follows Vizt.

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £2882 16s 8¾d.

On 23 January, the garrison received £2 2s from Andrew Blinman, being part repayment of £5 5s that he had earlier obtained as bounty money, since only three of the five years for which he had enlisted had expired.

On 31 January, the plantation account recorded a further receipt of £1 1s 6d for provisions sent to market during the month.

These sums brought the total to £2886 3s 6¾d.

The Honourable Company’s snow Swallow had meanwhile delivered a supply of goods to the island. The invoice listed wax candles, numbered 1 to 5, five chests of each, packed in two mats in factory weight amounting to ten poods [a Russian measure of about 36 pounds], valued at £43 8s 6d per maund, giving a total of £435 5s.

The merchandise charges were detailed as: five chests at one rupee eight annas (£7 8s), wrappers £1 10s, gunnys £1 4s, and packers and coolies £3 9s, amounting in all to £10 9s 9d. The total cost therefore came to 445 rupees 14 annas 9 pice, as stated in the invoice dated at Fort William on 17 November 1748 and signed “Errors Excepted, W. Tempe, Bursar.”

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had gone aboard the ship Efox to muster her company and to search for any deserters but had found none. The muster roll was then set out as follows.

55

51

Brought over £2886 2¼d

£2886 2¼d

Muster Roll of Ship Efox Vizt

George Jackson Commander
Charles Newton 1st Mate
David Harrison 2d Do
William Nason 3d Do
William Wilson 4th Do
Abram Thresher 5th Do
Gorton Harrell 4th Do
William Alton Lieut 1st Do
Thomas Brown Surgeon
William Eastrick Surgeon’s Purser
Scarlet Brown Gunner
John Bacchus Boatswain
John Ducke Carpenter
William Hodgson Surgeon’s Mate
John Holt Coxswain
Richard Hill
David Dennison
Benjamin Davis
Richard Weston
Tho’ Shugborough Midshipmen
Robert Palten
Charles Collier
Sam Hardy
William Manwood
Willm Perris 2d Mate
Row Seabright 3d Mate
John Swan
Tho’ Preston 2d Mate
John Morton Carpenter’s Mate
Peter Chambers Joiner
Robt Hicks Cooper
Jos’ Bean Caulker
John Love Armourer
John Ramsey Boatswain’s Mate
Willm Game Ship’s Steward
J. Greenhalf Ship’s Cook
In Amphlett Cook’s Mate
Wm Burke Capt’s Cook
Joseph Smith Taylor
John Jackson Barber
Jeremiah Freede Gunner’s Mate
John Crowe Cooper’s Mate
Christopher Henry Seaman
Brian Brines Do
Jos’ Gonsalves Do
Stephen Coursenburgh Do
Solomon Johnson Do
Alexandr Speed Do
Alexandr Richee Do
John Snell Do
Danl Alexander Do
David Smith Seaman
William Brand Do
Robt Craige Do
Tho’ Whaley Do
Henry Willis Do
Robt Durganon Do
James Smith Do
Henry Hicks Do
Edward Mills Do
Henry Davis Do
John Halliday Do
John Galloway Do
William Mallettgent Do
James Finch Do
Hugh Perke Do
Ralphe Elder Do
William Wilkie Do
Mattw Maclaine Do
Sam Heppin Do
John Roan Do
Patrick Cruickshanks Do
Nichol Thomson Do
Domineck Gayfield Do
Richd Weather Do
Joseph Coleman Do
Tho’ Cooper Do

The balance of £2886 0s 2¼d was carried forward unchanged.

The muster roll of the ship Efox was then recorded as follows.

George Jackson served as Commander. The officers were Charles Newton, first mate; David Harrison, second mate; William Nason, third mate; William Wilson, fourth mate; Abram Thresher, fifth mate; Gorton Harrell, also listed as fourth mate; and William Alton, first lieutenant. Thomas Brown was the surgeon, and William Eastrick served as the surgeon’s purser.

Scarlet Brown was the gunner; John Bacchus, boatswain; John Ducke, carpenter; and William Hodgson, surgeon’s mate. John Holt was the coxswain, and the midshipmen were Richard Hill, David Dennison, Benjamin Davis, Richard Weston, Thomas Shugborough, Robert Palten, Charles Collier, Samuel Hardy, and William Manwood. William Perris was second mate; Row Seabright, third mate; John Swan, Thomas Preston, and John Morton were also listed among the ship’s mates and carpenter’s assistants.

Peter Chambers was the joiner; Robert Hicks, cooper; Joseph Bean, caulker; John Love, armourer; John Ramsey, boatswain’s mate; William Game, ship’s steward; J. Greenhalf, ship’s cook; In Amphlett, cook’s mate; William Burke, captain’s cook; Joseph Smith, tailor; and John Jackson, barber.

Jeremiah Freede served as gunner’s mate; John Crowe, cooper’s mate; and the seamen were Christopher Henry, Brian Brines, Joseph Gonsalves, Stephen Coursenburgh, Solomon Johnson, Alexander Speed, Alexander Richee, John Snell, Daniel Alexander, David Smith, William Brand, Robert Craige, Thomas Whaley, Henry Willis, Robert Durganon, James Smith, Henry Hicks, Edward Mills, Henry Davis, John Halliday, John Galloway, William Mallettgent, James Finch, Hugh Perke, Ralphe Elder, William Wilkie, Matthew Maclaine, Samuel Heppin, John Roan, Patrick Cruickshanks, Nichol Thomson, Domineck Gayfield, Richard Weather, Joseph Coleman, and Thomas Cooper.

56

52

Dan Whitlock Seaman
Tho’ Harding Do
John Perry Do
Gab’l Peters Do
James Pain Do
Willm Leonard Do
Anthony Hodson Do
Willm Garne Junr Do
Pedro Bombay Do
Phillip Howell Do
John Walton Do
John Murphy Do
Patrick Curry Seaman
Wm Fulleston Do
Christopher Austin Do
Willm Bird Do
John Emmbery Do
Robert Griffin Do
John Estes Do
John Buxton Do
George Helome Capt’s Servant
Jn Morris Chief Mate’s Do
Banks Simpson 2d Mate’s Do
John Hanson Surgeon’s Do
Thomas Phipps Gunr’s Do
Robt Allen Capt’s Servant

Passengers
Mr Tho Thompson
Mr Saml Waller Supercargoes
Mr Tho Sprendon
Mr Wm Sedgwick
Mr John Lampton
Mrs Jane Lampton
Miss Elizth Lampton
Miss Mary Seaton Children
Robt Poate
John Barry Servant
Tho Readson

Chas Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 27th day of February 1748 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq Governor
Capt David Hunter Lieut Governor
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Friday the 24th Arrived the Benjamin, Capt Mead from Bencoolen
Saturday the 25th Sailed the Efox, Capt George Jackson for England

Patrick Hammilton, soldier, whose contracted time would expire in October next, applied for liberty to exchange with John Peterson of ship Efox, who was willing to serve the Honourable Company as a soldier for five years without receiving any bounty money. The Council therefore discharged Hamilton and enlisted the said John Peterson.

The muster roll of the ship Efox continued with the remaining names of the crew and passengers.

Among the seamen were Dan Whitlock, Thomas Harding, John Perry, Gabriel Peters, James Pain, William Leonard, Anthony Hodson, William Garne junior, Pedro Bombay, Phillip Howell, John Walton, John Murphy, Patrick Curry, William Fulleston, Christopher Austin, William Bird, John Emmbery, Robert Griffin, John Estes, and John Buxton.

George Helome served as the captain’s servant; John Morris as the chief mate’s servant; Banks Simpson as the second mate’s servant; John Hanson as the surgeon’s servant; Thomas Phipps as the gunner’s servant; and Robert Allen also attended as one of the captain’s servants.

The passengers listed aboard were Mr Thomas Thompson, Mr Samuel Waller, both supercargoes, Mr Thomas Sprendon, Mr William Sedgwick, Mr John Lampton, Mrs Jane Lampton, Miss Elizabeth Lampton, Miss Mary Seaton, and two children, together with Robert Poate, John Barry, and Thomas Readson as servants.

The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A consultation followed on Monday 27 February 1748 at the Castle, attended by Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, of the Council.

The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Friday the 24th, the Benjamin, commanded by Captain Mead, had arrived from Bencoolen, and that on Saturday the 25th, the Efox under Captain George Jackson had sailed for England.

Patrick Hamilton, a soldier whose contracted service was due to expire in the following October, requested permission to exchange his position with John Peterson of the ship Efox, who was willing to serve the Honourable Company as a soldier for five years without receiving any bounty money. The Council granted this arrangement, discharging Hamilton and enlisting Peterson in his place.

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53

Mr John Clark reports that he has been on board the Benjamin to muster her company and search for deserters, but found none. The Muster Roll is as follows Vizt

Muster Roll of Ship Benjamin

George Mead Commander
John Nicholis 1st Mate
John Benson 2d Do
Willm Kneeland 3d Do
Thomas Way 4th Do
George Hayter 5th Do
John Moreland Surgeon
Tho’ Nelson Purser
Jacob Nash Gunner
John Hicks Carpenter
John Hodges Boatswain
Thos Paull Ship’s Steward Cooper
Patrick Gallatley
Alexandr Robison Midshipmen
Step. Bunyon
Tho’ Hendry Capt’s Cook
Sam’l Sparlow Caulker
Fran Gillett Capt’s Mate
Chas Bannerman Quartermaster
John Grant
Joseph Tuffen Capt’s Steward
John Betts Cooper’s Mate
Joseph Lester Armourer
Robert Allison Joyner
John Meredith Taylor
John Royall Barber
John Stanbury Seaman
John Thomas Do
John Sheppard Do
Robt Thompson Do
Willm Cuffy Do
Wm Gibbens Do
Wm Dickson Do
Robert Beatty Do
Robert Nickolson Do
Tho’ Nelson Sailmaker
Andrew Newton Seaman
Dennis Fisher Do
James Towson Do
Tho’ Hunter Do
James Allen Do
William Roberts Do
Jamie Curril Do
Tho’ Ford Do
James Francisco Do
Antoni Cook Do
Thomas Douge Do
John Jones Do
Jas’ Mershom Seaman
George Selby Do
Owen McDonald Do
Lamert Jacobson Do
Conrade Carstaker Do
John Adams Do
William Rogers Do
Chas Demars Capt’s Servant
Robert Herper Do
Rich Wellshires 2d Mate’s Do
Edwd Hardy 3d Mate’s Do
John Walker Boatswain’s Do
Rich Hill Midshipman
Francisco Cruze Seaman

Complement 62 men

Monsr Ballenger French
Monsr Brunett of Bouron
August Ludwick Gotshall Passenger

Captain Mead presented the following letter Vizt

Mr John Clark reported that he had boarded the Benjamin to muster her company and to search for deserters, but none were found. The muster roll of the ship Benjamin was then recorded as follows.

George Mead served as Commander. The officers were John Nicholis, first mate; John Benson, second mate; William Kneeland, third mate; Thomas Way, fourth mate; and George Hayter, fifth mate. John Moreland was surgeon, Thomas Nelson, purser, and Jacob Nash, gunner. John Hicks acted as carpenter and John Hodges as boatswain. Thomas Paull was listed as ship’s steward and cooper. Patrick Gallatley and Alexander Robison were midshipmen, together with Stephen Bunyon. Thomas Hendry served as captain’s cook, Samuel Sparlow as caulker, and Francis Gillett as captain’s mate. Charles Bannerman was quartermaster, and John Grant was also listed among the ship’s company.

Joseph Tuffen served as captain’s steward; John Betts as cooper’s mate; Joseph Lester as armourer; Robert Allison as joiner; John Meredith as tailor; and John Royall as barber.

The seamen included John Stanbury, John Thomas, John Sheppard, Robert Thompson, William Cuffy, William Gibbens, William Dickson, Robert Beatty, Robert Nickolson, Thomas Nelson (sailmaker), Andrew Newton, Dennis Fisher, James Towson, Thomas Hunter, James Allen, William Roberts, Jamie Curril, Thomas Ford, James Francisco, Antoni Cook, Thomas Douge, John Jones, James Mershom, George Selby, Owen McDonald, Lamert Jacobson, Conrade Carstaker, John Adams, William Rogers, and Charles Demars.

Among the servants were Charles Demars and Robert Herper, both serving the captain; Richard Wellshires, second mate’s servant; Edward Hardy, third mate’s servant; and John Walker, boatswain’s servant. Richard Hill was listed as a midshipman, and Francisco Cruze as a seaman.

The ship’s complement totalled sixty-two men.

The passengers recorded were Monsieur Ballenger, French; Monsieur Brunett of Bourbon; and August Ludwick Gotshall.

Captain Mead then presented the following letter.

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To the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson Esquire Governor & Council of St Helena

Worshipful Sirs

The ship Benjamin under my command being twelve men short of her complement, I request the favour of your assistance in order towards the filling up of her complement.

I am Worshipful Sirs
Your most obedient & humble servant
(signed) George Mead

St Helena
Feb 27th 1748/9

There being several soldiers here whose contracted time will expire the 11th of the next month, that have declared they will not enlist and have petitioned to go by the ship Benjamin, we think it for the security of the Honourable Company’s effects on board her to grant their request, and have therefore discharged the six undermentioned, as the captain has represented to us that he is much in want of men.

Alexander Lawden
John Fisher
William Leaver
James Magure
James Kendrick
Peter Higgens

Chas Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

Captain George Mead submitted a letter addressed to Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor, and the Council of St Helena. In it, he explained that the ship Benjamin under his command was twelve men short of her proper complement. He therefore requested the Governor’s and Council’s assistance in filling the vacancies. The letter, signed “Your most obedient and humble servant, George Mead,” was dated St Helena, 27 February 1748/9.

As there were several soldiers on the island whose contracted service would expire on the 11th of the following month and who had declared their unwillingness to re-enlist, having petitioned to depart aboard the Benjamin, the Council agreed that, for the security of the Honourable Company’s property on board, their request should be granted.

Consequently, the six men named below were discharged and permitted to join the Benjamin, the captain having represented his urgent need for additional crew.

Alexander Lawden, John Fisher, William Leaver, James Magure, James Kendrick, and Peter Higgens.

The decision was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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At a Consultation held on Monday the 6th day of March 1748 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq Governor
Capt David Hunter Lieut Governor
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed.

Tuesday the 28th February sailed the Benjamin, Captain Mead, for England.

Chas Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 13th day of March 1748 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq Governor
Capt David Hunter Lieut Governor
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed.

The Plantation, Gunners and Stewards Accounts for the month of February last were this day brought in, examined and approved, and are as follows Vizt

A consultation was held on Monday 6 March 1748 at the Castle, attended by Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, of the Council.

The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed. It was noted that on Tuesday 28 February, the Benjamin, commanded by Captain Mead, had sailed for England. The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

Another consultation took place on Monday 13 March 1748 at the Castle, with the same members present. The minutes of the preceding consultation were again read, approved, and signed.

On this occasion, the plantation, gunners’, and stewards’ accounts for the month of February were presented. After examination, the Council approved them, and they were entered as follows.

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Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of February 1748

Neat Cattle Sheep Goats Hogs Poultry Horses

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining the 1: 2 Bulls, 85 Cows, 52 Calves, 48 Yearlings, 13 Heifers, 8 Steers, 6 Oxen, 214 Total, 90 Ewes, 5 Wethers, 50 Lambs, 4 Rams, 149 Total, 85 Ewes, 3 Wethers, 69 Kids, 5 Rams, 162 Total, 3 Sows, 22 Piggs, 1 Boars, 26 Total, 19 Turkeys, 142 Fowls, 18 Ducks, 20 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Encreased: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 1 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 1 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 46 Lambs, 0 Rams, 46 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 5 Kids, 0 Rams, 5 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 0 Turkeys, 10 Fowls, 50 Ducks, 6 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

2 Bulls, 85 Cows, 53 Calves, 48 Yearlings, 13 Heifers, 8 Steers, 6 Oxen, 215 Total, 90 Ewes, 5 Wethers, 96 Lambs, 4 Rams, 195 Total, 85 Ewes, 3 Wethers, 74 Kids, 5 Rams, 167 Total, 3 Sows, 22 Piggs, 1 Boars, 26 Total, 20 Turkeys, 192 Fowls, 24 Ducks, 20 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Killed: 0 Bulls, 2 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 2 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 4 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 2 Lambs, 0 Rams, 2 Total, 6 Ewes, 2 Wethers, 2 Kids, 0 Rams, 10 Total, 0 Sows, 2 Piggs, 0 Boars, 2 Total, 1 Turkeys, 16 Fowls, 6 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Died: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 2 Piggs, 0 Boars, 2 Total, 0 Turkeys, 6 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Remaining the 28: 2 Bulls, 83 Cows, 53 Calves, 48 Yearlings, 13 Heifers, 6 Steers, 6 Oxen, 211 Total, 90 Ewes, 3 Wethers, 96 Lambs, 4 Rams, 193 Total, 79 Ewes, 1 Wethers, 72 Kids, 5 Rams, 157 Total, 3 Sows, 18 Piggs, 1 Boars, 22 Total, 28 Turkeys, 170 Fowls, 18 Ducks, 20 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

So Beef to the Effex

560

So Do to the Benjamin

360

So 1 Goat to the Slaves

15

So Yams Expended of the Honble Companys

29.000

So Do bought

6.000

35.000

[Signed]

David Hunter

Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of February 1748.

Neat cattle, remaining the 1st: bulls 2, cows 85, calves 52, yearlings 48, heifers 13, steers 8, oxen 6, total 214

Sheep, remaining the 1st: ewes 90, wethers 5, lambs 50, rams 4, total 149

Goats, remaining the 1st: ewes 85, wethers 3, kids 69, rams 5, total 162

Hogs, remaining the 1st: sows 3, pigs 22, boars 1, total 26

Poultry, remaining the 1st: turkeys 19, fowls 142, ducks 18, geese 20, total 199

Horses, remaining the 1st: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Increased, neat cattle: calves 1, total 1

Increased, sheep: lambs 46, total 46

Increased, goats: kids 5, total 5

Increased, poultry: turkeys 10, fowls 50, ducks 6, total 66

Neat cattle: bulls 2, cows 85, calves 53, yearlings 48, heifers 13, steers 8, oxen 6, total 213

Sheep: ewes 90, wethers 5, lambs 96, rams 4, total 195

Goats: ewes 85, wethers 3, kids 74, rams 5, total 167

Hogs: sows 3, pigs 22, boars 1, total 26

Poultry: turkeys 29, fowls 192, ducks 24, geese 20, total 265

Horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Killed, neat cattle: cows 2, oxen 2, total 4

Killed, sheep: wethers 2, total 2

Killed, goats: ewes 6, wethers 2, total 10

Killed, hogs: pigs 2, total 2

Killed, poultry: turkeys 1, fowls 16, ducks 6, total 16

Died, hogs: pigs 2, total 2

Died, poultry: fowls 6, total 6

Remaining the 28th, neat cattle: bulls 2, cows 83, calves 53, yearlings 48, heifers 13, steers 6, oxen 6, total 211

Remaining the 28th, sheep: ewes 90, wethers 3, lambs 96, rams 4, total 193

Remaining the 28th, goats: ewes 79, wethers 1, kids 72, rams 5, total 157

Remaining the 28th, hogs: sows 3, pigs 18, boars 1, total 22

Remaining the 28th, poultry: turkeys 28, fowls 170, ducks 18, geese 20, total 236

Remaining the 28th, horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

The month's issues of meat and stock ran as follows.

Beef to the Essex, 560 lb

Beef to the Benjamin, 360 lb

1 goat to the slaves, 15 lb

Yams expended of the Honourable Company, 29,000 lb

Yams bought, 6,000 lb

total yams, 35,000 lb

The account subscribed by David Hunter.

Interpretations

This is the stock account for February 1748, following straight on from January, the herds and flocks mustered by class and age with the month's increase, killings, deaths and shipments set against the opening and closing totals. The neat cattle drifted down from 214 to 211 across the month, two cows and two oxen killed while the calving held near steady, the herd carried through the tail of the summer with the fresh beef spared where it could be.

The lambing is the strongest showing of the month, forty-six lambs dropped so that the sheep rose from 149 to a peak of 195 before the killings, closing at 193, the flock renewing itself in the season as the ewes came in together. The poultry likewise climbed on the turkeys, fowls and ducks hatched before the yard was drawn down, and the goats gained a run of kids against a handful killed. The hogs fell gently from 26 to 22 as pigs were killed and died, the sty thinned through the winter.

The victualling of the shipping is again the chief draw on the herd, the Essex taking 560 lb of beef and the Benjamin 360 lb, the two ships in the road provisioned from the Company's cattle while a single goat went to the slaves. The yams tell the plainest story of the month and mark a sharp turn from January, 29,000 lb of the Company's own dug against only 6,000 lb bought of the planters, the Company's own grounds yielding again as the season eased and the buying-in cut right back, a brief recovery in the long run of the drought that had left it dependent on the settlers, the account subscribed by David Hunter as husband.

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1748

Gunners Stores Expended in February 1748

Guns fired to 9, to 4, to 2, to 1, Powder Expended

14 Powder to the Funeral of Edwd Gill

2½

15 Alarm: 6 to 9, 4 to 4, 0 to 2, 2 to 1, 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Effex Capt Jackson: 11 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 11 to 1, 11 Powder Expended

16 Alarm: 6 to 9, 4 to 4, 0 to 2, 2 to 1, 13 Powder Expended

Do Alarm at Bankes for the same Ship: 2 2 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 11 Powder Expended

Do Alarm at Turks Cap for the same Ship: 2 to 9, 2 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 6 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Swallow Capt Hutchinson: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

Do Departed the Swallow Capt Hutchinson: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

25 Alarm: 6 to 9, 4 to 4, 0 to 2, 2 to 1, 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Benjamin Capt Meard: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

Do Departed the Effex Capt Jackson: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

28 Departed the Benjamin Capt Meard: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

Powder for Exercising the small Arms: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 10½ Powder Expended

Powder for Priming at the Main Fort: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

Powder for Priming at Prosperous Bay: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 3 Powder Expended

Powder for Signals: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, ¾ Powder Expended

Total: 78 to 9, 2 to 4, 14 to 2, 36 to 1, 6 200½ Powder Expended

Paper for making of small Cartridges

3 Quire

Copper brad for Nailing the Ladles at ½ main Fort

10

Copper brad for Nailing the Ladles at Mundens

20

Copper brad for Nailing the Ladles at Ruperts

20

Copper brad for Nailing the Ladles at Bankes

30

Tompions at Turks Cap

2

Linstock broke on the Line

1

Trospikes for repairing ½ Spunges at ½ Main Fort

4

Trospikes for repairing ½ Spunges at Mundens

4

Trospikes for repairing ½ Spunges at Ruperts

6

Paper for making of great Gun Cartridges

1 Quire

Silk broke at Prosperous Bay

1

[Signed] John French

Sundrys

Gunner's stores expended in February 1748, entered by the day of the month, with the guns fired graded by bore and the powder expended against each occasion.

1st, powder to the funeral of Edward Gill, powder 2½ lb

15th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, 2 guns to 2, powder 13 lb

15th, arrived the Essex, Captain Jackson: 11 guns to 9, powder 11 lb

16th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, 2 guns to 2, powder 13 lb

16th, alarm at Banks's for the same ship: 2 guns to 9, 2 guns to 4, powder 11 lb

16th, alarm at Turk's Cap for the same ship: 2 guns to 9, 2 guns to 4, powder 6 lb

16th, arrived the Swallow, Captain Hutchinson: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb

16th, departed the Swallow, Captain Hutchinson: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb

25th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, 2 guns to 2, powder 13 lb

25th, arrived the Benjamin, Captain Meard: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb

26th, departed the Essex, Captain Jackson: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb

28th, departed the Benjamin, Captain Meard: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb

powder for exercising the small arms, powder 10½ lb

powder for priming at the main Fort, powder 9 lb

powder for priming at Prosperous Bay, powder 8 lb

powder for signals, powder ¾ lb

total: 78 guns to 9, 24 guns to 4, 36 guns to 2, 6 guns to 1, powder 200½ lb

The other stores expended in the month.

1 quire of paper, for making small cartridges

10 copper brads, for nailing the ladles at the main Fort

20 copper brads, for nailing the ladles at Munden's

20 copper brads, for nailing the ladles at Rupert's

30 copper brads, for nailing the ladles at Banks's

2 tampions, at Turk's Cap

1 linstock broke on the line

4 sponge skins, for repairing the sponges at the main Fort

4 sponge skins, for repairing the sponges at Munden's

6 sponge skins, for repairing the sponges at Rupert's

1 quire of paper, for making great gun cartridges

1 bit broke at Prosperous Bay

The account subscribed by John French.

Interpretations

The gunner's account for February 1748 is a far busier month than January, the powder expended rising to 200½ lb against the 63½ of the month before, the climb driven by the shipping coming into the road. The Essex, the Swallow and the Benjamin all arrived and departed within the month, each answered with alarms and salutes, and the double firing at Banks's and Turk's Cap for a single ship shows the outlying batteries taking up the signal from the main fort as a sail was sighted and passed along the coast.

The occasions read as the settled ceremony of the road, an alarm of guns fired before a ship could be named, the lookout able to see her but not to know her, then a salute of nine or eleven once she proved friendly, and a like salute on her sailing. The powder for exercising the small arms, for priming at the main fort and the out forts, and the little drawn for signals round out the month, with a small charge to the funeral of Edward Gill at the opening, the guns fired over a grave as the settled mark of respect to the garrison's dead.

The stores below the powder are the wear and repair of the guns and their gear across the batteries, the copper brads for nailing the ladles at the main fort, Munden's, Rupert's and Banks's, the sponge skins for mending the sponges at three forts, the tampions at Turk's Cap and the broken linstock and bit. A ladle is the long scoop for loading loose powder into a gun, a sponge the swab for cleaning the bore between rounds, a tampion the plug that stopped the muzzle against the weather, and a linstock the staff that held the gunner's match. The whole is the standing maintenance of the island's ordnance spread across its several batteries, John French subscribing the account as gunner through this stretch of the record before his death later in the year.

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March

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month of February 1748 Vizt

24 Bottles Port Wine

1 16 6

32 ½ Do Lisbon

2 9 3

21 Do Madeira

2 1 1½

80 Do Strong Beer

1 13 1½

46 Do Small Do 31 ½ Gallons

9 Pr Salt Pork

18

67 ½ Mutton

1 8 2½

111 Goat

1 17

2 Kids

10

284 Flour

1 18 5½

15 Bottles Goa Arrack

5 3½

17 Do Batavia

11 4

1 Turkey

5

16 Fowls

4

6 Ducks

9

2 Piggs

10

12 ½ Bottles Brandy

8 7

Candy

11 8

26 Sugar

4 2

36 ½ Butter

1 16 6

85 Beef

1 6

21 11 11

Mr Richd Beale petitioned for a piece of the

Honble Companys waste Ground in this Valley adjoining to the

Yard of his Dwelling House

Ordered the said Land to be Viewed

Chas Hutchinson

David Hunter

John Clark

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of February 1748.

24 bottles of port wine, £1 16s 6d

32½ bottles of Lisbon, £2 9s 3d

21 bottles of Madeira, £2 1s 1½d

80 bottles of strong beer, £0 [...] 0d

46 bottles of small beer, 31½ gallons in all, £1 13s 1½d

9 quarters of salt pork, £0 18s 0d

67½ lb of mutton, £1 8s 2½d

111 lb of goat, £1 17s 0d

2 kids, £0 10s 0d

284 lb of flour, £1 18s 5½d

15 bottles of Goa arrack, £0 5s 3½d

17 bottles of Batavia, £0 11s 4d

1 turkey, £0 5s 0d

16 fowls, £1 4s 0d

6 ducks, £0 9s 0d

2 pigs, £0 10s 0d

12½ bottles of brandy, £0 8s 7d

16 lb of candy, £0 11s 8d

26 lb of sugar, £0 4s 2d

36½ lb of butter, £1 16s 0d

85 lb of beef, £1 0s 6d

total, £21 11s 11d

Richard Beale petitioned for a piece of the Honourable Company's waste ground in this valley adjoining to the yard of his dwelling house. The board ordered the land to be viewed.

The consultation subscribed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark.

Interpretations

The castle sundries for February 1748 run at £21 11s 11d, close to the £26 10s 3d of January, the board's own table stores of wine, beer, meat and provisions for the month. The port, Lisbon, Madeira and beer are the settled drink of the officers, and the mutton, goat, beef and poultry the meat of the table, mutton and goat carrying more than the beef as the herd was held through the winter and the wethers and goats killed for the board in place of the cattle. Both Goa and Batavia arrack appear here in small bottled parcels, a sign the store had a little of each on hand for the table even as the bulk had run out of the sales.

Richard Beale's petition is the one piece of ordinary business at the consultation, the schoolmaster and clerk asking for a strip of the Company's waste in James Valley adjoining his own yard, the kind of small enlargement of a town lot that came before the board constantly. The order to view the land before granting it is the standing procedure of the island, every parcel of waste seen and reported on for any harm to the neighbourhood before a lease was sealed, the same course followed for Purling's Ridge House ground and Bagley's Deep Gut waste in the same run of the record.

The view was the settled check on the granting of land, a member or a trusted planter sent to walk the ground and report whether a grant would prejudice a neighbour, block a water course or path, or take in better land than the petition allowed, before the board would commit itself. The practice held the island's land-granting to a deliberate pace and kept the Company's waste from being parcelled out piecemeal without regard to what lay around it, a discipline the board applied to the smallest strip behind a dwelling house as readily as to the largest country lease.

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At a Consultation held on Monday the 20th day of March 1748 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq Governor
Capt David Hunter Lt Governor
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed.

Saturday the 18th arrived the Honourable Company’s ship Lapswing, Captain Cheyne, from Fort St David, and brought the following supply, vizt:

Invoice of goods from Fort St David per ship Lapswing

Sugar per account No 15 at Rs.10 per 2 pots 18 per candy 69 2½

Charges merchandise vizt
Gunny bags 30 - 2 3 48
Cloth bags 15 - 1 16
Twine 2 - 1 48
Boat and cooly - 20
Pagodas 4 5 16
73 32 16

Errors excepted
(signed) Edw Croke, Accompt

Invoice of goods from Calcutta per ship Lapswing

Wax candles No 1 to 5, 5 chests of 10 maunds, at Rs.43.8.6 per maund, total Rs.435.5

Charges merchandise
5 chests Rs.7.8, wrappers Rs.1.10, gunnies Rs.1.4, cooly and packers Rs.3.9, total Rs.10.9.9

Current Rs.445.14.9

Errors excepted (signed) W. Tempe, Buxey

A consultation was held on Monday 20 March 1748 at the Castle, attended by Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, of the Council.

The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Saturday the 18th, the Honourable Company’s ship Lapswing, commanded by Captain Cheyne, had arrived from Fort St David, bringing a supply of goods to the island.

The invoice from Fort St David, signed “Errors Excepted, Edw. Croke, Accomptant,” listed sugar, numbered 15, at the rate of 10 rupees per two pots, 18 per candy, weighing 69 2½ units. The charges for merchandise were detailed as: gunny bags, 30 at 2 rupees 3 annas 48 pice; cloth bags, 15 at 1 rupee 16 annas; twine, 2 at 1 rupee 48 pice; boat and cooly hire, 20 pice; and pagodas, 4 rupees 5 annas 16 pice, bringing the total to 73 rupees, 32 annas, 16 pice.

A second invoice accompanied the same ship from Calcutta. It recorded five chests of wax candles, numbered 1 to 5, each weighing ten maunds, priced at 43 rupees 8 annas 6 pice per maund, amounting in total to 435 rupees 5 annas. The associated merchandise charges were given as five chests at 7 rupees 8 annas, wrappers 1 rupee 10 annas, gunnies 1 rupee 4 annas, and cooly and packers 3 rupees 9 annas, totalling 10 rupees 9 annas 9 pice. The total current amount was 445 rupees 14 annas 9 pice, the invoice being certified “Errors Excepted, W. Tempe, Buxey.”

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This morning died John Eaves, soldier.

Ordered an advertisement to be published for the inhabitants to meet in vestry on Monday next, the 27th instant, at the chapel in this valley to choose parish officers for the ensuing year.

The ground petitioned for last Monday by Mr Richard Beale having been viewed and found not prejudicial to the Honourable Company or neighbourhood, a lease was granted to him for the same at the yearly rent of five shillings.

Daniel Bush petitioned for a piece of the Honourable Company’s waste ground in this valley adjoining to the yard of his dwelling house, containing in depth 46 feet and in width 30 feet.

Ordered the said ground to be viewed.

Counted and examined the Honourable Company’s cash for the month of February last, which is as follows vizt

It was recorded that on that morning, John Eaves, a soldier, had died.

The Council directed that a public notice be issued calling upon the inhabitants to assemble in vestry on Monday the 27th of the month at the chapel in the valley, for the purpose of electing parish officers for the coming year.

The piece of waste land which had been petitioned for by Mr Richard Beale at the previous consultation was reported to have been viewed and found not to be prejudicial either to the Honourable Company or to the surrounding neighbourhood. A lease was therefore granted to him for the same at an annual rent of five shillings.

A new petition was then presented by Daniel Bush, who requested a portion of the Honourable Company’s waste ground in the valley adjoining the yard of his dwelling house, measuring forty-six feet in depth and thirty feet in width. The Council directed that this ground also be inspected.

The Honourable Company’s cash for the month of February was then counted and examined, the account being set out in detail as follows.

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Cash Dr Per Contra Cr
1748
Febry 1st To Ballance remaining £2886 0s 0d
24th To Ship Opas the Ballance of her Account £10 15s 5d
28 To Ship Benjamin the Ballance of her Account £10 10s 0d
£2907 5s 1¼d
1748
Febry 28 By Ballance remaining in the following species Vizt
1 pr 40d @ 4/15/11¼ @ 3.18.3 £16 1s 8½d
1 pr Do. 3.9.12 3.18 £13 11s 1½d
64 Venetians @ 10/- £39 0s 0d
3000 Pagodas @ 8/- £1200 0s 0d
£1291 12s 9d
Gold Amounting to
1005 Dollars @ 5/- £1001 5s 0d
1563 half Rials @ 3¾/- £71 5s 11¼d
111 French pieces @ 2/- £3 13s 6d
Odd Money £3 5s 0d
£1076 7s 10½d
Silver Amounting to
146 Cash Notes @ 10/- £292 0s 0d
162 Do. @ 20/- £162 0s 0d
261 Do. @ 5/- £65 5s 0d
160 Do. @ 2/6 £20 0s 0d
Cash Notes Amounting to £539 5s 0d
£2907 5s 1¼d

The cash account for February 1748 recorded receipts and balances as follows.

Under the heading “Cash Dr”, the balance brought forward from the previous month amounted to £2886. On 24 February, £10 15s 5d was received from the ship Opas as the balance of her account, and on 28 February a further £10 10s was received from the ship Benjamin in settlement of her account. These sums together brought the total to £2907 5s 1¼d.

Under “Per Contra Cr”, dated 28 February 1748, the balance remaining was detailed in various forms of coin.

Gold included one parcel valued at £16 1s 8½d and another at £13 11s 1½d, together with sixty-four Venetian coins at 10s each (£39), and three thousand pagodas at 8s each (£1200). The total amount of gold thus came to £1291 12s 9d.

Silver consisted of one thousand and five dollars at 5s each (£1001 5s), one thousand five hundred and sixty-three half rials at 1s 6¾d each (£71 5s 11¼d), one hundred and eleven French pieces at 1s 3d each (£3 13s 6d), and odd money valued at £3 5s, bringing the total in silver to £1076 7s 10½d.

Cash notes were also listed as follows: one hundred and forty-six at 40s each (£292), one hundred and sixty-two at 20s each (£162), two hundred and sixty-one at 5s each (£65 5s), and one hundred and sixty at 2s 6d each (£20). These amounted in all to £539 5s.

The total value of all funds held therefore equalled £2907 5s 1¼d.

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Gilbert Aew an Islander, upon application made to us was on Fryday last the 17th Instant, inlisted into the Honourable Companys Service as a soldier to serve five Years without receiving any County Money
Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a consultation held on Monday the 27th day of March 1749 at the Castle
Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Govr
Capt David Hunter Lt Govr
Lieut John Clark of Council

Wednesday the 29th
The last consultation was read approved and signed
Arrived here Dane Ships the Christianburg Holst Captain Lysen Rider Holman Burthen Seven Hundred Tons Twenty Six Guns & one Hundred & Seventy Men, & the Lyon Capt Hansen Gram Burthen Twelve Hundred Tons Twenty Six Guns one Hundred & Eighty Seven Men both from Canton Laden with Tea and Chinaware

The Ship Lapwing in getting under Sail last Saturday unluckily run on board a Dane Ship & carried away her Bowsprit and sprung her Foretopmast, which occasioned her to come to an Anchor again in Order to Repair the Damage she sustained

Pursuant to the Order of last Monday the Inhabitants met in Vestry to choose Parish Officers for the Ensuing Year, and returned the following Persons vizt

Gilbert Aew, an islander, having applied for enlistment, was on Friday the 17th of the month entered into the Honourable Company’s service as a soldier for a term of five years, without receiving any bounty money. The entry was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A consultation was held on Monday 27 March 1749 at the Castle, attended by Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, of the Council.

The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed on Wednesday the 29th.

It was recorded that two Danish ships had arrived: the Christianburg Holst, commanded by Captain Lysen Rider Holman, of 700 tons burden, carrying twenty-six guns and a crew of one hundred and seventy men; and the Lyon, commanded by Captain Hansen Gram, of 1200 tons burden, also carrying twenty-six guns and a crew of one hundred and eighty-seven men. Both vessels had come from Canton laden with tea and chinaware.

It was further noted that while the Lapwing had been getting under sail the previous Saturday, she had unfortunately collided with one of the Danish ships, carrying away its bowsprit and damaging her own foretopmast, which forced her to anchor again in order to repair the damage sustained.

In accordance with the direction given at the previous consultation, the inhabitants had met in vestry to elect parish officers for the ensuing year and returned the following names.

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Mr James Powell
Mr John Doveton } Churchwardens
Mr Joseph Despeneair }
Mr Thomas Greentree } Overseers for the East Division
Mr Elisha Jackes }
Mr Nathan Sampler }
Mr Richard Bagley } Ditto for the West Do.
Mr James Greentree }
Mr George Alexander } Ditto for the South Do.
Mr Orlando Bagley }

Whereupon we Ordered Warrants to be Wrote for Mr James Powell & John Doveton Churchwardens & for Messrs Elisha Jackes, Richard Bagley, George Alexander, Overseers.

Messrs Holmide and Richard Dane Supra Cargos applied to Us for the Sum of One hundred Pounds, which we have advanced them, and taken Bills of Exchange drawn on Mr John Collet Merchant in London, payable to the Honble Court of Directors or Order 20 days after sight, at the advance on each Spanish Dollar, as their Honours were pleased to direct in their General Letter of Ship Godolphin.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a consultation held on Monday the 3d day of April 1748 at the Castle
Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governor
Capt David Hunter Lieut Governor
Lieut John Clark of Council

The vestry meeting returned the following appointments for parish officers.

Mr James Powell and Mr John Doveton were chosen as churchwardens.

For the East Division, the overseers were Mr Joseph Despeneair, Mr Thomas Greentree, Mr Elisha Jackes, and Mr Nathan Sampler.

For the West Division, Mr Richard Bagley and Mr James Greentree were appointed.

For the South Division, Mr George Alexander and Mr Orlando Bagley were chosen.

The Council then directed that warrants be prepared for Mr James Powell and Mr John Doveton as churchwardens, and for Mr Elisha Jackes, Mr Richard Bagley, and Mr George Alexander as overseers.

Messrs Holmide and Richard Dane, the supercargoes, applied for a loan of one hundred pounds, which was advanced to them. Bills of exchange were taken in return, drawn on Mr John Collet, merchant in London, and made payable to the Honourable Court of Directors or their order twenty days after sight, at the rate of exchange on each Spanish dollar as specified in the Honourable Company’s general letter sent by the ship Godolphin.

The proceedings were signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A further consultation was held on Monday 3 April 1748 at the Castle, attended by Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, of the Council.

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The last Consultation was read approved and signed
28th March Departed the Honble Companys Ship Lapwing
1st Departed the Lyon Christianburg Holst two Dane Ships
Arrived the Scarborough and Hardwicke from China and brought Us the following Supply Vizt

Invoice of Ship Scarborough Vizt

Bohea Tea 1 Chest No 1
Containing Nett 1.11 at £14 pr 15s 5¼d £14.0.0

Singlo Tea 1 Chest No 1
Containing Nett 1.3 22.2.3.5.3.2

Congho Tea 4 Chests No 1 to 4
Containing Nett 1.20.0.20.0.0.0.0 £59.0.7.2

China Ware 1 Chest No 9 Containing
5 Setts of Dishes & Plates at £8.9
Containing each 3.20 B.W.
15 Bowls Col’d and Gold 3.1.0.0
60 small B.W. 45.0.9.0.0
3 Jug & 3 Basons B.W. 3.0.9.0.0
15 Tea Pots B.W. 5.0.7.5.0 £14.6.5
Tales 73.7.2.2

Sugar Candy 15 Chests No 1 to 15
Containing Nett 13.9 at £4 £60.0.8.0

Sugar 15 Chests No 1 to 15
Containing Nett 13.2 at £3.2 £48.0.0.0
30 Chests at 2 Maco Each £6.0.0.0
£114.6.8

Tales £188.4.0.2

Errors Excepted Canton Decr 12th 1748

(signed)
Frederick Pigou
Tho’s Shore
Samuel Court
Alexr Hume
Benjn Torin

The minutes recorded that the previous consultation had been read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on 28 March, the Honourable Company’s ship Lapwing had departed, followed on 1 April by the two Danish ships, the Lyon and the Christianburg Holst. Shortly afterwards, the Scarborough and Hardwicke arrived from China, bringing a supply of goods to the island.

The invoice for the ship Scarborough listed the following.

One chest of Bohea tea, numbered 1, containing a net weight of 1.11, valued at £14 per 15s 5¼d, amounting to £14.

One chest of Singlo tea, numbered 1, containing a net weight of 1.3, valued at 22.2.3.5.3.2.

Four chests of Congho tea, numbered 1 to 4, with a combined net weight of 1.20.0.20.0.0.0.0, valued at £59.0.7.2.

One chest of chinaware, numbered 9, containing five sets of dishes and plates valued at £8.9 per set, each set weighing 3.20 blue and white. It also contained fifteen bowls decorated in colour and gold, sixty small blue and white bowls, three jugs and three basins blue and white, and fifteen teapots of the same. The total value of the chinaware was £14.6.5.

The account then noted 73 tales 7 mace 2 candareens 2 cash, equivalent to the stated value.

Fifteen chests of sugar candy, numbered 1 to 15, contained a net weight of 13.9 and were valued at £4 per unit, totalling £60.0.8.0.

Fifteen chests of sugar, likewise numbered 1 to 15, contained a net weight of 13.2 and were priced at £3.2 per unit, amounting to £48.

The thirty chests together, each reckoned at two maco, brought the total to £114.6.8, equivalent to 188 tales 4 mace 0 candareens 2 cash.

The invoice was dated at Canton, 12 December 1748, and certified “Errors Excepted” by Frederick Pigou, Thomas Shore, Samuel Court, Alexander Hume, and Benjamin Torin.

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Invoice of Ship Hardwicke Vizt

No 1
China Ware 1 Chest Vizt
5 Quart Bowls blue & white at 0.8 0.4.0.0
5 Bowls of 2 Quart Gold & Colours 2 1
5 Do. of 3 Quart blue & White 3 1.5
15 Tea Pots blue & White 5 7.5
50 Sneakers Enamelld 4 2
3 Gugglets & 2 Basons 3 9
5 Setts of Dishes & Plates blue & white 2 Ps @ 1 5
11.5.5.0

2.3.4.5
Congo Tea
4 Boxes Wt 126 ⅓ Grofs
Tare 10 each 53
133 ⅓ is one Pecul at 20

5.6
Singlo Tea
1 Chest Wt 173 Grofs
Tare 35
138 is 1 Pecul 03 Catty at 22.2
22.8.6.6

B.1
Bohea Tea
1 Chest Wt 190 Grofs
Tare 35
155 is 1 Pecul 16 Catty at 14
16.2.4.0
Tales 70.6.5.6

Dated on board the Hardwicke December the 12th 1748

Errors Excepted

(signed)
Lascoe Slide
John Burrow
Tho’s Sandys
Samuel Blount
Wm Lead

Mr Clark reports that he hath been on board the Ships Scarborough & Hardwicke to Muster their Company & search for Deserters but found none, their Muster Rolls are as follows Vizt

The invoice for the ship Hardwicke was then entered as follows.

One chest of chinaware, numbered 1, contained: five quart bowls blue and white at 0.8, valued 0.4.0.0; five bowls of two quarts, gold and coloured, at 2.1; five of three quarts, blue and white, at 3.1.5; fifteen teapots blue and white at 5.7.5; fifty enamelled sneakers at 4.2; three gugglets and two basins at 3.9; and five sets of dishes and plates, blue and white, two pieces at 1.5. The total value was 11.5.5.0, equal to 2 tales, 3 mace, 4 candareens, 5 cash.

The teas were listed as follows.

Congo tea, four boxes weighing 126⅓ gross, tare 10 each, giving 53 net; 133⅓ was reckoned as one pecul at 20, valued 5 tales 6 mace.

Singlo tea, one chest weighing 173 gross, tare 35, giving 138 net, equivalent to one pecul and 3 catty at 22.2, valued 22 tales 8 mace 6 candareens 6 cash.

Bohea tea, one chest weighing 190 gross, tare 35, giving 155 net, equal to one pecul 16 catty at 14, valued 16 tales 2 mace 4 candareens.

The total for the invoice was 70 tales 6 mace 5 candareens 6 cash.

It was dated on board the Hardwicke 12 December 1748, and certified “Errors Excepted” by Lascoe Slide, John Burrow, Thomas Sandys, Samuel Blount, and William Lead.

Mr John Clark reported that he had gone aboard the ships Scarborough and Hardwicke to muster their companies and to search for deserters, but had found none. Their muster rolls were then recorded as follows.

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Tuesday the 4th
Saturday the 1st

The last Consultation was read approved and signed
28th March Departed the Honble Companys Ship Lapwing
1st Departed the Lyon Christianburg Holst two Dane Ships
Arrived the Scarborough and Hardwicke from China and brought Us the following Supply Vizt

Invoice of Ship Scarborough Vizt

Bohea Tea 1 Chest No 1
Containing Nett 1.11 at £14 pr 15s 5¼d £14.0.0

Singlo Tea 1 Chest No 1
Containing Nett 1.3 22.2.3.5.3.2

Congho Tea 4 Chests No 1 to 4
Containing Nett 1.20.0.20.0.0.0.0 £59.0.7.2

China Ware 1 Chest No 9 Containing
5 Setts of Dishes & Plates at £8.9
Containing each 3.20 B.W.
15 Bowls Col’d and Gold 3.1.0.0
60 small B.W. 45.0.9.0.0
3 Jug & 3 Basons B.W. 3.0.9.0.0
15 Tea Pots B.W. 5.0.7.5.0 £14.6.5
Tales 73.7.2.2

Sugar Candy 15 Chests No 1 to 15
Containing Nett 13.9 at £4 £60.0.8.0

Sugar 15 Chests No 1 to 15
Containing Nett 13.2 at £3.2 £48.0.0.0
30 Chests at 2 Maco Each £6.0.0.0
£114.6.8

Tales £188.4.0.2

Errors Excepted Canton Decr 12th 1748

(signed)
Frederick Pigou
Tho’s Shore
Samuel Court
Alexr Hume
Benjn Torin

On Tuesday the 4th and Saturday the 1st, the Council met, and the minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on 28 March, the Honourable Company’s ship Lapwing had departed, followed by the Lyon and the Christianburg Holst, the two Danish ships, on 1 April. Shortly after, the Scarborough and Hardwicke arrived from China, bringing a supply of goods to the island.

The invoice for the ship Scarborough listed the following.

One chest of Bohea tea, numbered 1, containing a net weight of 1.11, valued at £14 per 15s 5¼d, giving a total of £14.

One chest of Singlo tea, numbered 1, containing a net weight of 1.3, valued at 22.2.3.5.3.2.

Four chests of Congho tea, numbered 1 to 4, with a combined net weight of 1.20.0.20.0.0.0.0, valued at £59.0.7.2.

One chest of chinaware, numbered 9, contained five sets of dishes and plates valued at £8.9 each, each set weighing 3.20 blue and white. It also included fifteen bowls in colour and gold, sixty small blue and white bowls, three jugs and three basins blue and white, and fifteen blue and white teapots. The total value of the chinaware was £14.6.5.

The invoice also recorded 73 tales, 7 mace, 2 candareens, and 2 cash.

Fifteen chests of sugar candy, numbered 1 to 15, contained a net weight of 13.9 at £4 per unit, amounting to £60.0.8.0.

A further fifteen chests of sugar, likewise numbered 1 to 15, contained a net weight of 13.2 at £3.2 per unit, valued at £48.

Together, the thirty chests, reckoned at two maco each, totalled £114.6.8, equivalent to 188 tales, 4 mace, 0 candareens, and 2 cash.

The invoice was dated at Canton, 12 December 1748, and certified “Errors Excepted” by Frederick Pigou, Thomas Shore, Samuel Court, Alexander Hume, and Benjamin Torin.

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Muster Roll of Ship Scarborough Vizt

Phillip D’Auvergne Commander
John Lyon Chief Mate
William Rock Seacon Do.
Vincent Edwards Shoar Do.
John Irwin Steward Do.
David Phillips Ships Do.
Edward D’Auvergne Purser
Joseph Wood Carpenter
David Griffith Boatswain
Richd Dobbie Gunner
Joseph Malte Caulker
John Drane Steward
Walter Hall Cooper
Edward Jenks Surgeon
Jacob Bellony Sailmaker
Robt Horne Captains Cook
James Walton Ships Do.
Jam’s Wynn Armourer
John Hill Capt Steward
Robt Rickards Poulterer
Jam’s Stevenson Surg Mate
Wm Cole Carpenter Do.
John Hoyle Boatswain Do.
John Houltum Gunner Do.
George Foxhaus Caulker Do.
Lewis Arnot
Gideon Dobbie
William Rosenbock
Robert Manning
William Luck
John Richman
Dean Fletcher
Nicholas Leckey Midshipmen

Charles Farrell Captains Clerk
John Walbrough
Edward Smith (Capt Servant)
William Turner
Balthazar Colledge Boats Mate Do.
Edw Castle Surgeons Do.
Wm Wilkes Carpenters Do.
Wm Sampson Boatswains Do.
Wm Henry Gunner Do.
Tho’s Regon Boatswains Yeoman
George Wilkinson Seaman
David Hunter Do.
Rich Fleming Do.
John Foster Joyner
Robert Wilson Butcher
George Hawthorn Seaman
George White Do.
Christopher Mildew Do.
Wm Marston
Marken Edenburg
Jacob Burham
Robt Macparther
Christopher Beehow
Danby Holleck
John Eantrick
Robt Ever
Phillip Bradley
Joachim Disanckly
Wm Seky
Auhony Barry
Thomas Phillips
Peter Somerhall
Nathaniel Campfield
Etienne D’Auvergne

Nick Brizzy Seaman
Ja’s Barr Do.
Charles Dyer Do.
Phillip Auger Do.
Lewis Grover Do.
Adam Sheriff Do.
John Wilkes Do.
Wm Hopfin Do.
John Forrier Do.
Tho. Flemmag Do.
Wm Clarke Do.
Martin Armstrong Do.
Gab Ewaul Do.
Claude Blagthon Do.
John Deloc Do.
Henry Crichaus Do.
David Duggan Do.
John Le Mar Do.
John Booker
John Jonbele
John Baptist Wilholff
Jacob Bracknalt
Jacob Craaman
Peter Jacobs
Cornelius Rowes
Peter Burnill
Marcus Wladeex
Job John
Francis Johns
James Bennet Taylor
Daniel Hassel Cooper Mate
Supra cargos
Wm Saml Court
Mr Mich Beauvoir
Mr Courts Servant
Muster

The muster roll of the ship Scarborough was then recorded in full.

Phillip D’Auvergne served as Commander. The officers were John Lyon, chief mate; William Rock, second mate; Vincent Edwards, third mate; John Irwin, steward’s mate; and David Phillips, ship’s mate. Edward D’Auvergne was purser; Joseph Wood, carpenter; David Griffith, boatswain; Richard Dobbie, gunner; Joseph Malte, caulker; John Drane, steward; Walter Hall, cooper; Edward Jenks, surgeon; Jacob Bellony, sailmaker; and Robert Horne, captain’s cook. James Walton served as the ship’s cook; James Wynn, armourer; John Hill, captain’s steward; Robert Rickards, poulterer; James Stevenson, surgeon’s mate; William Cole, carpenter’s mate; John Hoyle, boatswain’s mate; John Houltum, gunner’s mate; and George Foxhaus, caulker’s mate.

The remaining crew included Lewis Arnot, Gideon Dobbie, William Rosenbock, Robert Manning, William Luck, John Richman, Dean Fletcher, and Nicholas Leckey, midshipmen; Charles Farrell, captain’s clerk; John Walbrough; Edward Smith, captain’s servant; William Turner; and Balthazar Colledge, boatswain’s mate’s servant. Edward Castle served as surgeon’s servant; William Wilkes as carpenter’s servant; William Sampson as boatswain’s servant; William Henry as gunner’s servant; and Thomas Regon as boatswain’s yeoman.

Among the seamen were George Wilkinson, David Hunter, Richard Fleming, George Hawthorn, George White, Christopher Mildew, William Marston, Marken Edenburg, Jacob Burham, Robert Macparther, Christopher Beehow, Danby Holleck, John Eantrick, Robert Ever, Phillip Bradley, Joachim Disanckly, William Seky, Anthony Barry, Thomas Phillips, Peter Somerhall, Nathaniel Campfield, Etienne D’Auvergne, Nick Brizzy, James Barr, Charles Dyer, Phillip Auger, Lewis Grover, Adam Sheriff, John Wilkes, William Hopfin, John Forrier, Thomas Flemmag, William Clarke, Martin Armstrong, Gabriel Ewaul, Claude Blagthon, John Deloc, Henry Crichaus, David Duggan, John Le Mar, John Booker, John Jonbele, John Baptist Wilholff, Jacob Bracknalt, Jacob Craaman, Peter Jacobs, Cornelius Rowes, Peter Burnill, Marcus Wladeex, Job John, Francis Johns, and James Bennet, who was the ship’s tailor.

Daniel Hassel served as cooper’s mate.

The supercargoes were William Samuel Court and Mr Michael Beauvoir, together with Mr Court’s servant.

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At a consultation held on Fryday the 7th day of April 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governor
Capt David Hunter Lieut Govr
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Captain Philip D’Auvergne applyed to Us for liberty to pay £125 into the Honble Companys Cash here We have received it and given him Bills drawn on the Honble Court of Directors dated this day payable to himself or Order Ninety days after Sight

Bought of Capt John Samson for the use of the Honble Companys Slaves & Stock, Thirty three Hundred one Quarter & Twenty six pounds of Rice at ten Shillings and Eight pence pr Hundred, & Six Hundred & Twenty pounds of Paddy at Seven Shillings & four pence pr Hundred

Mr James Stevenson Surgeons Mate of the Ship Scarborough, being recommended to us as a very Capable Person, and approved of by Mr Falconer our Surgeon, We have therefore Entertained him according to the Honble Companys Directions and are to give him the Usual Allowance

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

A consultation was held on Friday 7 April 1749 at the Castle, attended by Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, of the Council.

The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

Captain Phillip D’Auvergne applied for permission to deposit the sum of £125 into the Honourable Company’s treasury on the island. The Council agreed, and the money was received. Bills were then issued to him, drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors and dated that day, payable to himself or his order ninety days after sight.

A purchase was also made from Captain John Samson on behalf of the Honourable Company for the use of its slaves and livestock. The purchase comprised three thousand three hundred and twenty-six pounds of rice at ten shillings and eight pence per hundredweight, and six hundred and twenty pounds of paddy at seven shillings and four pence per hundredweight.

Mr James Stevenson, surgeon’s mate of the ship Scarborough, having been recommended as a highly capable person and approved by Mr Falconer, the Company’s surgeon, was engaged to serve according to the Honourable Company’s directions and to receive the customary allowance.

The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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At a Consultation held on Monday the 10 day of April 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governor
Captain David Hunter Lieutenant Govr
Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed
9th Departed the Hardwicke & Scarborough for England Spoke by two Ships under Dutch Colours one of which Saluted the Fort

The Storekeeper delivered the following Account of Goods Short Delivered from Ship Scarborough Vizt

Account of Stores Short delivered from the Ship Scarborough Vizt
3 4 Candy
3 Sugar
3 China Dishes
13 Plates
6 Bowls broke
17 Snachers
1 Teapot

(signed) Burling North

April 10th 1749

Mr Francis Sunge Petitioned for liberty to Dispose of Nine Acres of Lease Land unto Mr John Goodwin
Granted

The Plantation Gunners and Stewards Accounts for ye month of March last, were this day brought in, which were Examined & Approved of as follows Vizt

A consultation was held on Monday 10 April 1749 at the Castle, attended by Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, of the Council.

The minutes of the last consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on the 9th, the Hardwicke and Scarborough had departed for England. They had been spoken to by two ships sailing under Dutch colours, one of which saluted the fort as it passed.

The storekeeper then submitted an account of goods short delivered from the ship Scarborough, certified as follows:

Three and a quarter candy of sugar, three china dishes, thirteen plates, six bowls broken, seventeen snatchers [small serving dishes or scoops], and one teapot. The statement was signed “Burling North, April 10th 1749.”

Mr Francis Sunge petitioned for permission to transfer nine acres of leasehold land to Mr John Goodwin. The request was granted.

The plantation, gunners’, and stewards’ accounts for the month of March were then presented. After examination, they were approved, as set out below.

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Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of March 1749

Neat Cattle Sheep Goats Hogs Poultry Horses

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Sheats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining the 1: 2 Bulls, 83 Cows, 53 Calves, 48 Yearlings, 13 Heifers, 6 Steers, 6 Oxen, 211 Total, 90 Ewes, 3 Wethers, 96 Lambs, 4 Rams, 193 Total, 79 Ewes, 1 Wethers, 72 Kids, 5 Rams, 157 Total, 3 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 18 Piggs, 1 Boars, 22 Total, 28 Turkeys, 170 Fowls, 18 Ducks, 20 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Encreased: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 9 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 9 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 7 Lambs, 0 Rams, 7 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 3 Kids, 0 Rams, 3 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 8 Turkeys, 34 Fowls, 2 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

2 Bulls, 83 Cows, 62 Calves, 48 Yearlings, 13 Heifers, 6 Steers, 6 Oxen, 220 Total, 90 Ewes, 3 Wethers, 103 Lambs, 4 Rams, 200 Total, 79 Ewes, 1 Wethers, 75 Kids, 5 Rams, 160 Total, 3 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 18 Piggs, 1 Boars, 22 Total, 36 Turkeys, 224 Fowls, 20 Ducks, 20 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Killed: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 2 Yearlings, 6 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 8 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 1 Lambs, 0 Rams, 1 Total, 7 Ewes, 1 Wethers, 2 Kids, 0 Rams, 10 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 3 Piggs, 0 Boars, 3 Total, 2 Turkeys, 7 Fowls, 1 Ducks, 1 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Sent on Board ½ Lapwing: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 1 Piggs, 0 Boars, 1 Total, 0 Turkeys, 24 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Died: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 0 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Remaining the 31: 2 Bulls, 83 Cows, 62 Calves, 48 Yearlings, 11 Heifers, 0 Steers, 6 Oxen, 212 Total, 90 Ewes, 2 Wethers, 103 Lambs, 4 Rams, 199 Total, 72 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 73 Kids, 5 Rams, 150 Total, 3 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 14 Piggs, 1 Boars, 18 Total, 34 Turkeys, 193 Fowls, 16 Ducks, 19 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Names of the Species changed: 4 Bulls, 87 Cows, 39 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 35 Heifers, 25 Steers, 6 Oxen, 212 Total, 102 Ewes, 20 Wethers, 73 Lambs, 4 Rams, 199 Total, 93 Ewes, 37 Wethers, 15 Kids, 5 Rams, 150 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 10 Sheats, 1 Piggs, 1 Boars, 18 Total, 34 Turkeys, 193 Fowls, 16 Ducks, 19 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Beef to the Lapwing

1631

Yams Expended of the Honble Companys

15.000

Do Bought

8.000

23.000

1 Man Slave Died Named Mannow

[Signed] David Hunter

Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of March 1749.

Neat cattle, remaining the 1st: bulls 2, cows 83, calves 53, yearlings 48, heifers 13, steers 6, oxen 6, total 211

Sheep, remaining the 1st: ewes 90, wethers 3, lambs 96, rams 4, total 193

Goats, remaining the 1st: ewes 79, wethers 1, kids 72, rams 5, total 157

Hogs, remaining the 1st: sows 3, pigs 18, boars 1, total 22

Poultry, remaining the 1st: turkeys 28, fowls 170, ducks 18, geese 20, total 236

Horses, remaining the 1st: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Increased, neat cattle: calves 9, total 9

Increased, sheep: lambs 7, total 7

Increased, goats: kids 3, total 3

Increased, poultry: turkeys 8, fowls 34, ducks 2, total 44

Neat cattle: bulls 2, cows 83, calves 62, yearlings 48, heifers 13, steers 6, oxen 6, total 220

Sheep: ewes 90, wethers 3, lambs 103, rams 4, total 200

Goats: ewes 79, wethers 1, kids 75, rams 5, total 160

Hogs: sows 3, pigs 18, boars 1, total 22

Poultry: turkeys 36, fowls 224, ducks 20, geese 20, total 300

Horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Killed, neat cattle: calves 2, steers 6, total 8

Killed, sheep: wethers 1, total 1

Killed, goats: ewes 7, wethers 1, kids 2, total 10

Killed, poultry: turkeys 3, fowls 3, ducks 1, total 2

Sent on board the Lapwing, poultry: turkeys 2, fowls 7, ducks 1, total 1

Died, hogs: pigs 1, total 1

Died, poultry: fowls 24, total 24

Remaining the 31st, neat cattle: bulls 2, cows 83, calves 62, yearlings 48, heifers 11, oxen 6, total 212

Remaining the 31st, sheep: ewes 90, wethers 2, lambs 103, rams 4, total 199

Remaining the 31st, goats: ewes 72, kids 73, rams 5, total 150

Remaining the 31st, hogs: sows 3, pigs 14, boars 1, total 18

Remaining the 31st, poultry: turkeys 34, fowls 193, ducks 16, geese 19, total 262

Remaining the 31st, horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Names of the species changed: bulls 4, cows 87, calves 39, yearlings 16, heifers 35, steers 25, oxen 6, total 212

Names of the species changed, sheep: ewes 102, wethers 20, lambs 73, rams 4, total 199

Names of the species changed, goats: ewes 93, wethers 37, kids 15, rams 5, total 150

Names of the species changed, hogs: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 10, pigs 1, boars 1, total 18

Names of the species changed, poultry: turkeys 34, fowls 193, ducks 16, geese 19

Names of the species changed, horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

The month's issues of meat and stock ran as follows.

Beef to the Lapwing, 1,631 lb

Yams expended of the Honourable Company, 15,000 lb

Yams bought, 8,000 lb

total yams, 23,000 lb

1 man slave died, named Mannow

The account subscribed by David Hunter.

Interpretations

This is the stock account for March 1749, the old-style year turning at 25 March so that the March muster falls into 1749 where the January and February accounts stood in 1748. The month carries the usual reclassification of the herds by age at the year's turn, entered here as the names of the species changed, the calves, yearlings and heifers stepped up a grade as they aged, so that the closing figures by age do not match the running month because the same beasts have been moved between classes on the annual reckoning.

The herds held near steady through the month, the neat cattle closing at 212 after eight beasts killed and the strong calving of nine, the sheep at 199 on seven lambs, and the poultry rising on the spring hatching before the killings and the shipment to the Lapwing drew the yard down. The goats fell from 157 to 150 as the ewes were killed for the table, and the hogs slipped from 22 to 18, the sty thinned through the winter and early spring.

The victualling of the Lapwing is the single event of the month, the ship drawing 1,631 lb of beef, far the heaviest beef sale in this stretch of the record and a mark of a substantial vessel provisioned for her passage from the Company's herd. The yams show the drought still holding, 15,000 lb of the Company's own dug against 8,000 lb bought of the planters, the buying-in climbing again from February's low as the Company's own grounds gave out, the same reversal that ran through the whole run. The account closes with the death of a man slave named Mannow, entered plainly among the month's losses as the stock account carried the slaves on its books beside the cattle, David Hunter subscribing the whole as husband.

75

71

1749

Gunners Stores Expended in March 1749

Guns fired to 9, to 4, to 2, to 1, Powder Expended

2 Powder for Exercising of small Arms

2½

5 Powder for Exercising of small Arms

29 ¼

18 Alarm: 6 to 9, 4 to 4, 0 to 2, 2 to 1, 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Lapwing Capt Cheyne: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

21 Alarm: 6 to 9, 4 to 4, 0 to 2, 2 to 1, 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived a Dane Ship: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

22 Alarm: 6 to 9, 4 to 4, 0 to 2, 2 to 1, 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived a Dane Ship: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

25 Departed the Lapwing Capt Cheyne: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at Ruperts: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 3 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at the Main Fort: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 6 Powder Expended

Powder for Signals: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, ¾ Powder Expended

Total: 54 to 9, 12 to 4, 36 to 2, 6 to 1, 116 ½ Powder Expended

Sheep Skins for repairg the Spunges at ½ Main Fort

6

Ram heads for repairg the Spunges at the Main Fort

5

Match burnt at the Main Fort

7

Handspikes Delivered to Mr Jackson

1

Needles broke for making of great Gun Cartridges

from the 7 of Octobr 1748 to the 31 March 1749

36

[Signed] John French

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month of March

1749 Vizt

32 bottles Port Wine

2 8 8

34 Do Lisbon

2 11 8½

19 Do Madeira

2 1½

30 Do Strong Beer

7 6

10 Do Small Do 10 Gallons

133 Beef

1 13 3

192 ½ Goat

3 12

28 Mutton

11 8

6 Prs Salt Pork

12

246 Flower

2 1

15 Bottles Goa Arrack

5 3½

Carried over 15 14 8½

Gunner's stores expended in March 1749, entered by the day of the month, with the guns fired graded by bore and the powder expended against each occasion.

2nd, powder for exercising of small arms, powder 2½ lb

5th, powder for exercising of small arms, powder 29¾ lb

18th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, 2 guns to 2, powder 13 lb

18th, arrived the Lapwing, Captain Cheyne: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb

21st, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, 2 guns to 2, powder 13 lb

21st, arrived a Dane ship: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb

22nd, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, 2 guns to 2, powder 13 lb

22nd, arrived a Dane ship: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb

25th, departed the Lapwing, Captain Cheyne: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb

powder for priming at Rupert's, powder 3 lb

powder for priming at the main Fort, powder 6 lb

powder for signals, powder ¾ lb

total: 54 guns to 9, 12 guns to 4, 36 guns to 2, 6 guns to 2, powder 116¾ lb

The other stores expended in the month.

6 sponge skins, for repairing the sponges at the main Fort

5 rammer heads, for repairing the sponges at the main Fort

7 match burnt at the main Fort

1 handspike delivered to Mr Jackson

36 needles broke, for making great gun cartridges, from 1 October 1748 to 31 March 1749

The account subscribed by John French.

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of March 1749.

32 bottles of port wine, £2 8s 8d

34 bottles of Lisbon, £2 11s 8½d

19 bottles of Madeira, £2 0s 1½d

30 bottles of strong beer, £0 7s 6d

10 bottles of small beer, 10 gallons in all, £1 13s 3d

133 lb of beef, £3 1s 2d

192½ lb of goat, £0 11s 8d

28 lb of mutton, £0 12s 0d

6 quarters of salt pork, £2 0s 1d

246 lb of flour, £0 5s 3½d

15 bottles of Goa arrack, £0 [...] 0d

Carried over, £15 14s 8½d

Interpretations

The gunner's account for March 1749 falls back to a middling month, 116¾ lb of powder expended against February's busy 200½, the firing turning on the Lapwing and two Danish ships that came into the road within a few days of one another. Each arrival was met with an alarm of guns before the ship could be named and a salute of nine once she proved friendly, with a like salute on the Lapwing's sailing, the settled ceremony of the roadstead. The heavier single charges went to exercising the small arms on the second and fifth, the garrison drilled with musket and powder at the year's turn.

The stores below the powder are the ordinary repair of the guns, the sponge skins and rammer heads for mending the sponges at the main fort, the match burnt, the handspike and the needles broken in making up the great gun cartridges across the whole six months from October to March. The half-year run of the needle charge shows the storekeeper carrying a standing account of the small tools worn out in the cartridge work, entered at the close of the period rather than month by month, John French subscribing the gunner's account as he had throughout before his death later in the year.

The castle sundries for March 1749 open the board's table stores at £15 14s 8½d carried forward, the port, Lisbon, Madeira and beer of the officers' drink and the beef, goat, mutton and salt pork of the table. Beef carried the meat this month at £3 1s 2d for 133 lb, the fresh beef returning to the board's table as the season turned and the herd could bear it, against the winter months when mutton and goat had carried the meat while the cattle were held. The Goa arrack again is the one arrack line, the weaker Portuguese spirit the store fell back on through the long shortage of the stronger Batavia sort.

76

72

April

Brought Over 15 14 8½

23 ½ Bottles Batavia Arrack

15 8

19 Do Brandy

13 3½

1 Turkey

5

7 Fowls

5

4 Ducks

10 6

1 Goose

6

80 Candy

5

3 Piggs

3 4

2 Kids

15

66 ½ Butter

10

3 6 3

21 4 6½

Executed the following Lease to Mr Richard

Beale Granted in Consultation the 20 of

March last

Island St Helena

The Lords Proprietors of this Island the

Honble the United Company of Merchants of England trading

to the East Indies Do hereby Demise Lease & to Farm Lett unto

Richd Beale of the said Island All that piece or Parcel of Ground

containing Eighty two feet in Depth & fourteen feet in breadth Situate

lying & being in James Valley Butting & Bounding West on the

said Richd Beale South on John Goodwin & East & North on the

Honble Company Wast Land with the Appurtenances To have

& to hold the aforesaid Land & Premises with the Appurtenances

unto the said Richd Beale his Exors Admors & Assigns from the

day of the date hereof unto the full End & Term of Twenty one Years

from thence next ensuing Yeilding & paying therefore Yearly and

every Year during the Term hereby Granted unto the said Honble

Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Sum of five

Shillings on the Feast day of St Michael the Arch Angel in

every Year Upon Condition that he the said Richd Beale

his Exors Admors & Assigns do & shall bear true faith & Allegiance

to our Sovereign Lord George the Second His Heirs & Successors And

true faith to them the said Honble Company & their Successors

And upon condition that he the said Richd Beale his Exors

Admors

Sundries brought over from the previous page, £15 14s 8½d.

23½ bottles of Batavia arrack, £0 15s 8d

19 bottles of brandy, £0 13s 3½d

1 turkey, £0 5s 0d

7 fowls, £0 5s 0d

4 ducks, £0 10s 6d

1 goose, £0 6s 0d

8 lb of candy, £0 5s 0d

3 pigs, £1 3s 4d

2 kids, £0 15s 0d

66½ lb of butter, £0 10s 0d

total, £21 4s 6½d

The board executed the following lease to Richard Beale, granted in consultation the 20th of March last.

Island of St Helena. The Lords Proprietors of this island, the Honourable the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, leased to Richard Beale of the island a piece of ground of eighty-two feet in depth and fourteen feet in breadth, lying in James Valley, bounded west on Beale himself, south on John Goodwin and east and north on the Honourable Company's waste land, with the appurtenances. Beale, his executors, administrators and assigns were to hold the land for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the deed, paying yearly to the Company, its successors, agents or assigns the sum of five shillings on the feast day of St Michael the Archangel. The lease was granted on condition that Beale, his executors, administrators and assigns bear true faith and allegiance to the sovereign lord King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the Company and its successors.

Interpretations

The tail of the March castle sundries closes the board's table account at £21 4s 6½d, the Batavia arrack and brandy of the officers' drink and the poultry, candy, pigs and butter of the table for the month. The Batavia arrack here at £0 15s 8d for 23½ bottles is a rare showing of the stronger Indian spirit, the store having a little of it in bottle for the board even through the shortage that had emptied the bulk from the year's sales.

The Richard Beale lease follows, the deed drawn up and sealed to carry into effect the grant made at the consultation of 20 March, the same petition for the strip of waste behind his dwelling house that had been ordered viewed at the February meeting. The land is a narrow slip of eighty-two feet by fourteen in James Valley, bounded on Beale's own ground, John Goodwin's and the Company's waste, the kind of small town-lot enlargement the board granted constantly to the settlement's officers and inhabitants once the view had shown no harm to the neighbourhood.

The deed carries the standing form of every St Helena lease, the twenty-one-year term, the five-shilling rent due at Michaelmas, and the covenant of faith and allegiance to the Crown and the Company that opened every grant. Naming the Company as the Lords Proprietors of the island sets out the legal footing of the whole settlement, the East India Company holding St Helena under its charter as a manor held of the Crown and granting its land to the inhabitants as a lord granted copyhold, the annual rent and the oath of allegiance the marks of that tenure. The town lots turned on keeping the ground and any building in repair rather than on the fencing and wood-planting covenants of the country leases, the difference reflecting the town plot's want of the pasture and timber that the standing planting law was framed to protect.

77

73

1749

Admors & Assigns do & shall at the end or sooner Expiration hereof leave

the same Ground & Premises in like good Condition & repair, and not

suffer the said Ground or any Building that is or may be thereon to

run to ruin or decay And upon condition that he the said Richard

Beale his Exors Admors or Assigns shall not sell or Dispose of this

Lease or his or their Interest therein without the leave and Consent

of the Governour & Council for the time being In Witness whereof

we the said Governour & Council have hereunto set our hands and affixed

the Honble Companys Seal this Tenth day of April in the Twenty

Third Year of the Reign of our said Sovereign Lord George the Second

by the Grace of God of Great Brittain France & Ireland King Defender

of the Faith & so forth, and in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven

Hundred & Forty Nine, And he the said Richard Beale to the other part

of these presents hath set his hand & Seal the day & Year abovementioned

Charles Hutchinson

[Signed] David Hunter

John Clark

Chas Hutchinson

David Hunter

John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 17 day of April

1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour

Capt David Hunter Lt Governour

Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and Signed

Thursday the 13 John Taylor Soldier in the 4 Company drowned by Accident

The Storekeeper brought in his Collections & the Paymaster his

Account for the Quarter ending the 31 March last, which were Examined

& Approved and are as follows Vizt

Collection

The lease bound Beale, his executors, administrators and assigns to leave the ground and any building in as good condition and repair at the end or sooner expiration of the term, and not to let the ground or any building fall to ruin or decay, and further not to sell or dispose of the lease or their interest in it without the leave and consent of the Governor and council for the time being.

In witness of this the Governor and council set their hands and affixed the Honourable Company's seal on 10 April 1749, in the twenty-third year of the reign of King George the Second, by the grace of God of Great Britain, France and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith and so forth, and in the year of our Lord 1749. Richard Beale set his hand and seal to the other part of the deed on the same day.

The deed subscribed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark.

At a consultation held on Monday 17 April 1749 at the castle. Present: Charles Hutchinson, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

On Thursday 13 April John Taylor, a soldier in the fourth company, was drowned by accident.

The storekeeper brought in his collection and the paymaster his account for the quarter ending 31 March, which were examined and approved.

Interpretations

The close of the Beale lease sets out the two covenants that governed a town lot, the tenant bound to keep the ground and any building in repair and not to assign the lease without the council's leave, the repair covenant standing in place of the fencing and wood-planting duties that bound the country leases. The clause against selling or disposing of the interest without the board's consent is the standing restraint on assignment that ran through every St Helena grant, holding the land in the hands of the tenant the board had chosen and keeping the Company's control over who held ground on the island.

The dating of the deed by the regnal year and the full royal style, the twenty-third year of George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, is the formal legal dress of the sealed indenture, the same style carried on every deed the Company sealed as Lords Proprietors of the island. The counterpart sealed by Beale himself is the tenant's part of the indenture, the deed drawn in two halves so that each side held the other's sealed engagement, the ordinary form of a lease by indenture.

The consultation of 17 April 1749 opens with the drowning of John Taylor, a soldier of the fourth company, the plain entry of a death by accident among the garrison, the kind of loss the island's boats and surf brought constantly. The storekeeper's collection and the paymaster's account for the quarter ending 31 March are then brought in and approved, the settled close of the quarter's business, the account of goods sold and the pay roll examined and passed by the board before being entered, the collection that follows on the page being the very account this run of the record has carried through in full.

78

74

April

Collection of Goods Sold and Delivered out of

the Honble Companys Stores from the 7 January to the 31

March 1749

Sold to the Companys Servants at 10 pCent Vizt

Brandy 290 Gallons

197 10

Arrach 1 Gallon

5

Sugar & Candy Vizt

1094 Sugar

28 4 8

1081 Candy

22 10 5

50 15 1

Bread & Flour Vizt

1001 Bread

7 6 5

1883 Flour

13 14 7

1843 4 Do Baked

161 15 3½

182 16 3½

Soap 180 ½

5 12 9½

Tea Vizt

8 Congo

12 8

8 Single

8

17 Bohea

17

1 17 8

Beef & Pork Vizt

963 ½ Pr Beef

2/

95 8

21 Pr Do

3/ 1½

3 3 10½

1103 Pr Pork

2/

110 8

90 Pr Do

2/2

9 15

218 14 10½

Corks 6 ½ Gross

15 10½

Cordage 158

5 17 4½

Oil Vizt

11 ½ Gallons Linseed

2 2 8

5 Bottles Florence

15 5

8 Gallons Train

1 6 8

4 4 9

Carried over 668 9 8½

Collection of goods sold and delivered out of the Honourable Company's stores from 1 January to 31 March 1749, sold to the Company's servants at ten per cent above cost.

790 gallons of brandy, £197 10s 0d

1 gallon of arrack, £0 5s 0d

Sugar and candy:

1,094 lb of sugar, £28 4s 8d

1,081 lb of candy, £22 10s 5d

total, £50 15s 1d

Bread and flour:

1,001 lb of bread, £7 6s 5d

1,883 lb of flour, £13 14s 7d

18,483¼ lb baked, £161 13s 5½d

total, £182 10s 3½d

180½ lb of soap, £5 12s 9½d

Tea:

8 lb of congou, £0 12s 8d

6 lb of single, £0 8s 0d

17 lb of bohea, £0 17s 0d

total, £1 17s 8d

Beef and pork:

563¼ lb of beef at 2d, £9 5s 8d

21 lb of beef at 3½d, £3 3s 10½d

1,102 lb of pork at 2d, £110 8s 0d

90 lb of pork at 2½d, £9 15s 0d

total, £213 14s 10½d

6¾ gross of corks, £0 15s 10½d

6¾ cwt of cordage, £5 17s 4½d

Oil:

11½ gallons of linseed oil, £2 2s 8d

5 bottles of Florence oil, £0 15s 5d

8 gallons of train oil, £1 6s 8d

total, £4 4s 9d

Carried over, £668 9s 8½d

Interpretations

This opens a fresh quarter, the storekeeper's collection for 1 January to 31 March 1749, the servants' account at ten per cent above cost run head by head as in every quarter, the same form the December quarter carried through in full before it. Brandy again leads the whole account at £197 10s 0d for 790 gallons, far more than the winter quarter's 162 gallons, the cheap bulk spirit selling heavily as the shipping season opened and the garrison drew its drink, with again only a single gallon of arrack against it, the store still near empty of the stronger spirit after the long shortage.

The pork is the striking line of this page, 1,102 lb entered at £110 8s 0d, a figure out of all proportion to the twopence a pound of the rate beside it and to the beef sold at the same price, the stated sum standing far above what the quantity and rate would give. A total this large against so much pork at twopence points to a slip in the figure or a valuation the page does not fully set out, and the reading is given as it stands on the leaf without any attempt to reconcile it against the rate or the other lines.

The baked bread at £161 13s 5½d for 18,483¼ lb is again the great line of the settled provisions, the flour drawn from store and turned into loaves for the garrison rather than sold as meal, the grain and baking establishment the Company kept running through the year. The sugar, candy, tea, soap, corks, cordage and oil repeat the servants' commodities of every quarter, the tea grades of congou, single and bohea in small parcels as the winter stock ran low, the whole account carried forward at £668 9s 8½d as the servants' collection built through the opening quarter of the new year.

79

75

1749

Brought over 668 9 8½

Camblet 2 ½ Yards

8 6½

Canvas Vizt

9 Yards Duck

13 6

21 Yds Sacking

15 9

1 9 3

Haberdashery Ware Vizt

20 Pr Holland Tape

11 2

7 Sh Silk

3 2½

1 Pr Broad Tape

2 1

27 Sh Mohair

10 1½

6 Dozn Bd Buttons

11

2 Pr Carration Tape

11

2 ½ Dozn G Ct Buttons

2 10

21 Dozn W Waist Buttons

7 1

12 Dozn Shirt Do

1 9

2 4 2

Hooks & Lines Vizt

31 Hamb Lines

1 1 11½

44 Lines Sorted

12 7½

2400 Blue Hooks

8

37 Dozn Hooks Sorted

11 3

2 13 5

March 18

8 3

Salt 6 Bushels

1

Paint Vizt

Umber

2

20 W Lead

8 3½

Chalk

½

Verdegreass

3 3½

16 ½ Indico

18 9½

7 ½ Blue Smalts

13 3½

6 ½ Venetian Red

1 3

2 5 7½

Garlix 16 ½ Yards

1 7 6

Carried over 680 6 5½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £668 9s 8½d.

2¾ yards of camlet, £0 8s 6½d

Canvas:

9 yards of duck, £0 13s 6d

2½ yards of sacking, £0 15s 9d

total, £1 9s 3d

Haberdashery:

20 pieces of Holland tape, £0 14s 2d

7 skeins of silk, £0 3s 2½d

1 piece of broad tape, £0 2s 1d

27 skeins of mohair, £0 10s 1½d

6 dozen of breast buttons, £0 2s 0d

2 pieces of carnation tape, £0 0s 11d

2½ dozen of gilt coat buttons, £0 2s 10d

21 dozen of white waistcoat buttons, £0 7s 1d

12 dozen of shirt buttons, £0 1s 9d

total, £2 4s 2d

Hooks and lines:

31 Hamburg lines, £1 1s 11½d

44 sorted lines, £0 12s 7½d

2,400 blue hooks, £0 8s 0d

37 dozen of sorted hooks, £0 11s 3d

total, £2 13s 5d

half a bushel of starch, £0 8s 5d

6 bushels of salt, £0 1s 0d

Paint:

half a lb of umber, £0 0s 2d

20 lb of white lead, £0 8s 5½d

2 lb of chalk, £0 0s 1½d

1 lb of verdigris, £0 3s 5½d

16½ lb of indigo, £0 18s 9½d

7½ lb of blue smalt, £0 13s 3½d

6¾ lb of Venetian red, £0 1s 3d

total, £2 5s 7½d

16½ yards of garlic, £0 1s 6d

Carried over, £680 6s 5½d

Interpretations

The servants' account continues here with the cloth, trimming, tackle and pigments of the warehouse, the camlet, canvas, duck and sacking sold by the yard for coats, covers and bagging. The haberdashery gathers the sewing wares of the tailor's work, the several kinds of tape, the mohair and silk in skeins, and the coat, waistcoat, breast and shirt buttons graded by material and sold by the dozen and the piece. Carnation tape is a flesh or pink-coloured linen tape, and Holland tape the plain linen tape of the Dutch looms, both drawn for the household and clothing work.

The hooks and lines are the tackle of the island's own fishery, the Hamburg lines, sorted lines, blue hooks by the thousand and hooks by the dozen, the standing supply the Company kept in store for the boats that fed the garrison and the slaves from the sea. The paint head is again the raw pigments ground into oil on the island, the white lead the body of the paintwork, indigo, blue smalt and Venetian red for the colours, verdigris the green, and chalk and umber for filling and shading, the materials the storekeeper issued for painting the buildings, boats and gun carriages through the year.

Salt, starch and a parcel of garlic close the page, the garlic here the light Indian cotton cloth sold by the yard rather than the herb, the same stuff of the earlier quarters. The whole servants' account is carried forward at £680 6s 5½d, the settled supply of imported manufactures the island could not make for itself, sold to the Company's own people at the ten per cent above cost that held them to the warehouse through the opening quarter of 1749.

80

76

Goods brought over from the previous page, £680 6s 5½d.

Leather:

140 lb of leather, £8 7s 1½d

3 calf skins, £1 0s 3d

total, £9 7s 10d

Hosiery:

75 pairs of men's thread stockings, £10 6s 3d

8 pairs of men's worsted stockings, £1 9s 4d

2 pairs of men's knitted stockings, £0 6s 4d

12 pairs of cotton stockings, £1 4s 0d

total, £13 5s 11d

Nails:

6 threepenny nails, £0 6s 0d

1 threepenny nail, £0 0s 6½d

20 fourpenny nails, £0 8s 9d

28 sixpenny nails, £0 11s 3d

30 tenpenny nails, £0 11s 3d

19 twentypenny nails, £0 6s 2½d

1 tenpenny nail, £0 1s 4d

3 scupper nails, £0 1s 6d

total, £2 7s 9d

Thread:

6 lb of coloured thread, £1 2s 0d

6 lb of brown thread, £2 0s 6d

15 ounces of Nuns thread, £1 1s 1½d

total, £1 3s 6½d

Lead:

9½ lb of shot, £0 1s 9d

33 lb of shot, £0 5s 1d

total, £1 3s 6½d

Shoes:

18 pairs of men's ordinary shoes, £10 8s 0d

1 pair of men's fine shoes, £0 6s 10d

1 pair of pumps, £0 7s 1d

total, £11 2s 2d

Carried over, £721 0s 3½d

Interpretations

The servants' account runs on with the leather, stockings, nails, thread, lead and shoes of the warehouse, the imported manufactures the island drew from store rather than made for itself. The leather sold by the pound and the three calf skins are the raw material of the island's own shoemaking and mending, and the hosiery and shoes the finished footwear and stockings issued to the garrison and civil servants, the men's thread stockings and ordinary shoes the bulk lines against the single fine pair and pumps.

The nails again carry the old English penny sizing, the threepenny, fourpenny, sixpenny, tenpenny and twentypenny marking length and weight rather than price, with the scupper nails a distinct kind for fastening the lead scupper linings that carried water off a deck or roof. The run of grades shows the store holding the full range of building ironwork ready to issue, the settlement's carpentry and repair drawing on a single stock of every size.

The thread head gathers the coloured, brown and Nuns thread of the sewing work, the Nuns thread the fine white sort spun in the Continental convent workrooms and dearer than the working thread beside it. The account is carried forward at £721 0s 3½d, the settled supply of cloth, footwear, hardware and small wares the Company sold to its own people through the opening quarter of 1749, the servants' collection building steadily toward its close.

81

77

1749

Brought Over 721 3½

Shirts 84 Soldiers

19 12

Ticking 2 Pr

2 13 7

Buckram 7 ½ Yards

6 9

Hats 5 Mens

1 11 8

Glass Ware Vizt

4 Sqr Glass 12 by 12

3 3

4 Sqr Do 8 by 10

2 5

2 Beer Glasses

2 2½

6 Wine Glasses

3 10½

1 Pr Glass Salts

8 8

1 5

Flannel 9 ½ Yards

14 3

Cutlery Ware Vizt

58 Horn Combs

8 5½

2 Ivory Do

2 9

1 Horse Do

3½

11 Pr Buckles

5 11½

17 5½

China Ware Vizt

60 Nogg Cups

13 9

3 Dozn Plates

9 6

2 Pitchers

2 9

6 Enamd Cups & Saucers

8 3

18 Soup Plates

5

1 Set Bowls

1 19 9

Rice & Paddy Vizt

63 Rice

5 7½

154 Paddy

11 2½

16 10

Pitch Vizt

4

4 6

31 Turpentine

1 3

10 Rozen

5 9

Carried over 753 18 9

Goods brought over from the previous page, £721 0s 3½d.

84 soldiers' shirts, £19 12s 0d

2 pairs of ticking, £2 13s 7d

7¾ yards of buckram, £0 6s 9d

5 men's hats, £1 11s 8d

Glassware:

4 squares of glass, 12 by 12, £0 3s 3d

4 squares of glass, 8 by 10, £0 2s 3d

2 beer glasses, £0 2s 2½d

6 wine glasses, £0 3s 10½d

1 pair of glass salts, £0 8s 8d

total, £1 0s 5d

9½ yards of flannel, £0 14s 3d

Cutlery:

58 horn combs, £0 8s 5½d

2 ivory combs, £0 2s 4d

1 horse comb, £0 0s 3½d

11 pairs of buckles, £0 5s 11½d

total, £0 17s 5½d

Chinaware:

60 naggin cups, £0 13s 9d

3 dozen of plates, £0 9s 6d

2 pitchers, £0 0s 6d

6 enamel cups and saucers, £0 2s 9d

18 soup plates, £0 8s 3d

1 set of bowls, £0 5s 0d

total, £1 19s 9d

Rice and paddy:

63 lb of rice, £0 5s 7½d

154 lb of paddy, £0 11s 2½d

total, £0 16s 10d

Pitch:

31 lb of turpentine, £0 4s 6d

10 lb of rosin, £0 1s 3d

total, £0 5s 9d

Carried over, £753 18s 9d

Interpretations

The servants' account continues with the shirts, ticking, cloth, hats, glass and tableware of the warehouse, the eighty-four soldiers' shirts a bulk clothing issue rather than a private sale, the standing supply the Company kept in store to keep the sentinels shirted through the year. Ticking is the strong close-woven linen or cotton used for mattress and bolster covers, sold here by the pair, and buckram the coarse gummed linen for stiffening and linings.

The glassware is both window glass and table glass on this page, the twelve-by-twelve and eight-by-ten squares for reglazing the buildings and the beer glasses, wine glasses and pair of glass salts for the table, the salts being the small dishes for holding salt at meat. The cutlery gathers the horn and ivory combs, the single horse comb for grooming and the shoe or knee buckles, the small metal wares of the household. The chinaware closes the tableware with the naggin cups, plates, pitchers, enamel cups and saucers, soup plates and a set of bowls, the imported porcelain of the settlement's table.

The rice and paddy went chiefly to feed the Company's poultry, the paddy still in the husk the cheaper feed and the milled rice the more valuable food, and the pitch, turpentine and rosin the caulking and paying stores of the boats and building work. The whole servants' account is carried forward at £753 18s 9d, the imported cloth, tableware, footwear and stores the island drew from the warehouse, the collection running toward its close as the quarter's sales to the Company's own people were reckoned up.

82

78

April

Brought over 753 18 9

Broad Cloth 5 ½ Yards

1 8 1½

Turners Ware Vizt

3 Slive Brooms

6 3

3 Birch Do

1 6

2 Scrubg Brushes

3

2 W Bowls

2 1

2 Cloth Brushes

2 5

1 Platter

1½

4 Shoe Brushes

2 7

1 Tray

2 9

1 1 7½

Mops 3

3

Tin Ware 1 Water Pot

6 10½

Pepper 7

6½

Candles 6

9

Wine 8 Bottles Lisbon

13 4

Iron Ware Vizt

4 Shod Shovels

6 8

1 Grafg Claw

3½

1 Garden Rake

3 1½

2 Plain Irons

10

1 Spade

3 6

1 Frying Pan

1 10

19

Deals Vizt

12 Single

1 2

2 Double

5 8

1 Baulk

4 4

12

Naval Stores 14 Powder

1 1 1½

762 13 10½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £753 18s 9d.

5¾ yards of broadcloth, £1 8s 1½d

Turnery:

3 shoe brooms, £0 6s 3d

3 birch brooms, £0 1s 6d

2 scrubbing brushes, £0 3s 0d

2 wooden bowls, £0 2s 1d

2 cloth brushes, £0 2s 5d

1 platter, £0 1s 0½d

4 shoe brushes, £0 2s 7d

1 tray, £0 2s 9d

total, £1 1s 7½d

3 mops, £0 3s 0d

1 water pot of tinware, £0 6s 10½d

7 lb of pepper, £0 0s 6½d

6 lb of candles, £0 2s 0d

2 bottles of Lisbon wine, £0 13s 4d

Ironware:

4 shod shovels, £0 6s 8d

1 grafting saw, £0 3s 1½d

1 garden rake, £0 3s 1½d

2 plane irons, £0 0s 10d

1 spade, £0 3s 6d

1 frying pan, £0 1s 10d

total, £0 19s 0d

Deals:

12 single deals, £1 2s 0d

2 double deals, £0 5s 8d

1 baulk, £0 4s 4d

total, £1 12s 0d

1½ lb of powder of naval stores, £1 1s 1½d

total, £762 13s 10½d

Interpretations

The broadcloth, turnery and ironware on this page close the run of the servants' warehouse goods, the broadcloth sold by the yard for coats, the brushes, brooms, bowls and trays of the household and yard, and the shovels, saws, rakes, spades and plane irons of the working tools. The turnery gathers the made-up wooden and brush wares, the shoe brooms and shoe brushes for cleaning footwear, the scrubbing and cloth brushes for the house, and the bowls, platter and tray of the kitchen and dairy, most priced in pence as the smallest lines of the account.

The ironware is again the field and carpentry tools of the settlement, the shod shovels iron-edged for digging, the grafting saw and garden rake for the plantation work, the spade and plane irons and a frying pan, the standing kit the store issued rather than any smith of the island's own supplying fresh. The deals are the sawn softwood boards and the baulk a heavy squared timber, the imported wood the island could not grow for itself, drawn from store for the building and repair work.

The single pound and a half of powder entered under naval stores at £1 1s 1½d is the one line of the sort on the page, a small parcel of the Company's powder sold or issued as ship's stores against the great magazines held for the batteries. The whole servants' collection for the quarter closes here at £762 13s 10½d, a shade below the £850 19s 1½d of the December quarter but a steady figure for the settled establishment through the opening quarter of 1749, the account of goods sold to the Company's own people complete before the collection turned to the planters and the shipping.

83

79

1749

Sold to the Planters at 25 pCent

Shoes Vizt

1 Pr Pumps

8 1

1 Pr Mens fine Shoes

1 9

16 1

Hosiers Ware Vizt

18 Pr Mens Knit Stockings

3 1 6

6 Pr Do Wove

1 3

4 Pr Womens

16

8 Pr Boys

1

4 Pr Girls

14 8

7 2

Flannel 5 ½ Yards

9 7½

Muslin 2 Pr

1 2 5

Shalloon 3 Yards

7 6

Buckram 1 Yard

1

Hats 2 Mens

2 1 8

Sold at 40 pCent

Brandy 533 Gallons

163 12

Sugar & Candy Vizt

634 Sugar

6 10 10

604 Candy

16 9 4

23 2

Bread & Flour Vizt

643 Bread

7 2 2½

604 Flour

6 5 10

13 8 0½

Soap 28

1 2 2

Tea 3 Congo

6

Salt 1 Bushel

4 4

Cordage 274

6 5 7

Carried over 222 3 3

Goods sold to the planters at twenty-five per cent above cost.

Shoes:

1 pair of pumps, £0 8s 1d

1 pair of men's fine shoes, £0 8s 0d

total, £0 16s 1d

Hosiery:

18 pairs of men's thread stockings, £3 4s 6d

6 pairs of men's worsted stockings, £1 3s 0d

4 pairs of women's stockings, £0 16s 0d

8 pairs of boys' stockings, £1 4s 0d

4 pairs of girls' stockings, £0 14s 8d

total, £7 2s 2d

5½ yards of flannel, £0 9s 7½d

24 pieces of muslin, £1 2s 6d

3 yards of shalloon, £0 7s 6d

1¼ yards of buckram, £0 1s 0d

2 men's hats, £2 1s 8d

Goods sold to the planters at forty per cent above cost.

533 gallons of brandy, £163 12s 0d

Sugar and candy:

63¼ lb of sugar, £6 10s 10d

604 lb of candy, £16 9s 4d

total, £23 0s 2d

Bread and flour:

683 lb of bread, £7 2s 2½d

604 lb of flour, £6 5s 10d

total, £13 8s 0½d

28 lb of soap, £1 2s 2d

3 lb of congou tea, £0 6s 0d

1 bushel of salt, £0 4s 4d

27½ cwt of cordage, £0 5s 7d

Carried over, £222 3s 3d

Interpretations

This page opens the two planter classes of the quarter, the settlers bought first at twenty-five per cent above cost and then at forty, the two rates the standing markups charged the planters against the servants' ten. The twenty-five per cent parcel is the family goods of the plantation households, the shoes, stockings and hats for men, women, boys and girls, and the cloth by the yard, the shop goods no other seller on the island supplied, drawn from the store for the settlers' wives and children.

The forty per cent class then falls on the drink, sugar, provisions and staples, the dearest rate the Company set anywhere laid on the goods the planters could least do without. Brandy again leads it at £163 12s 0d for 533 gallons, the heavy bulk spirit selling to the settlers as the season opened, with the sugar, candy, bread, flour, soap, tea and salt the settled commodities of the planter account at the higher markup. The pattern holds through every quarter, the family cloth and footwear priced at twenty-five and the drink and provisions at forty, the Company drawing its steepest margin from the imported staples the island's own ground could not furnish.

The candy at 604 lb is a large parcel for the settlers, the boiled hard sugar taken with tea and for sweetening, and the bread and flour show the planters drawing on the Company's baking and meal even with their own ground behind them, the drought that ran through the record having left the whole island leaning on the store. The two classes stand at £222 3s 3d carried forward, the settlers paying the Company's dearest prices for the drink, sugar and provisions their plantations could not supply through the opening quarter of 1749.

84

80

April

Brought over 222 3 3

Hooks & Lines Vizt

20 dozn Hooks

10 4

2 Do Blue Hooks

10

9 Hamb Lines

8 ½

19 2½

Beef & Pork Vizt

8 Pr Beef

19 2

64 Pork

16 6

1 15 8

Oil Vizt

2 ½ Gallons Train

9 9

2 ½ Gallons Linseed

10 10½

1 9½

Leather 12 ¾

14 1

Nails Vizt

4 6

7 7

8 10

3 1

3 3

2

3 1

1 9

14 8

Thread 12 Ozs Neus

1 2 1

Combs 14 Horn

2 1

Lead 12 Shot

3

Candles 6

11 6

Haberdashery Ware Vizt

2 Pr Holland Tape

1 8

1 ½ Dozn M Ct Buttons

1 3

3 Sh Mohair

1 6

1 4 5

Paint Vizt

7 ½ Blue Smalts

1 2

2 White Lead

9

1 11

Carried over 229 16

Goods brought over from the previous page, £222 3s 3d.

Hooks and lines:

20 dozen of hooks, £0 10s 1d

2 gross of blue hooks, £0 0s 10d

9 Hamburg lines, £0 8s 1½d

total, £0 19s 2½d

Beef and pork:

5 lb of beef, £0 19s 2d

6¼ lb of pork, £0 16s 6d

total, £1 15s 8d

Oil:

2¼ gallons of train oil, £0 9s 9d

2¼ gallons of linseed oil, £0 10s 10½d

total, £1 0s 7½d

127¼ lb of leather, £0 14s 1d

Nails:

118 sixpenny nails, £0 7s 7d

8 tenpenny nails, £0 3s 1d

3 threepenny nails, £0 2s 1d

3 fourpenny nails, £0 1s 9d

total, £0 14s 6d

12 ounces of Nuns thread, £0 14s 8d

14 horn combs, £0 2s 1d

1½ lb of shot of lead, £0 2s 4d

6 lb of candles, £0 3s 0d

Haberdashery:

2 pieces of Holland tape, £0 1s 8d

1½ dozen of metal coat buttons, £0 1s 3d

3 skeins of mohair, £0 1s 6d

total, £0 4s 5d

Paint:

7½ lb of blue smalt, £0 1s 2d

2 lb of white lead, £0 0s 9d

total, £0 1s 11d

Carried over, £229 16s 0d

Interpretations

The planter account at forty per cent runs on with the small hardware, provisions and stuff of the plantation, the fishing hooks and lines, the little beef and pork, the train and linseed oils, and the leather sold by the pound for the settlers' own shoemaking and mending. The nails again carry the penny sizing by length and weight, sold on for the settlers' building and fencing, and the combs, thread, shot, candles, tape, buttons, mohair and pigments the odds of the household and working stores drawn from the same warehouse that supplied the garrison.

The parcels here are small this page, the tail of the planters' buying after the great brandy, sugar and bread lines of the opening, the settlers taking a little of every kind of ware to round out their supply. The train oil went to the guard-house lamps, leather dressing and rough work and the linseed to the painting, against which the small paint parcel of blue smalt and white lead was drawn for the settlers' own colours. The whole shows the store as the single source of every imported manufacture on the island, the planter drawing from it the same range of goods as the Company's own people but paying the dearest rate for them.

The account is carried forward at £229 16s 0d, the planters' collection at the two rates building through the opening quarter of 1749 toward its close. The forty per cent markup on the drink and provisions and the twenty-five on the family cloth held the settlers paying more than the garrison for the same goods, the standing difference between the buyer classes that ran through every quarter's collection, the Company pricing its warehouse supply by who bought rather than by what was bought.

85

81

1749

Brought over 229 16

China Ware Vizt

2 Pitchers

8

12 Soup Plates

7

1 Set Salled Dishes

3 3

6 Nogg Cups & Saucers

1 9

12 8

Deals Vizt

6 Single

14 6

11 Double

2 1

2 Baulks

11

3 5 10

Glass Ware 1 Beer Glass

1 5

Iron Ware Vizt

2 Plain Irons

1

1 File

1

3 Pr H Hinges

13 6

15 1

Canvas 1 ½ Yards Sacking

1 6

Pewter 1 Funnel

3 2

Turners Ware 2 Punch Ladles

1 5

Pallampores 1

14 9

Rice 27

2 3

235 14 1

Sold to the Companys Ships

Flour 338

3 10 5

Oil 2 Gallons Linseed

9 8

4 1

Charges

Goods brought over from the previous page, £229 16s 0d.

Chinaware:

2 pitchers, £0 0s 8d

12 soup plates, £0 7s 0d

1 set of salad dishes, £0 3s 3d

6 naggin cups and saucers, £0 1s 9d

total, £0 12s 8d

Deals:

6 single deals, £0 14s 6d

11 double deals, £2 0s 1d

2 baulks, £0 11s 0d

total, £3 5s 10d

1 beer glass of glassware, £0 1s 5d

Ironware:

2 plane irons, £0 1s 0d

1 file, £0 0s 7d

3 pairs of HL hinges, £0 13s 6d

total, £0 15s 1d

1½ yards of sacking of canvas, £0 1s 6d

1 funnel of pewter, £0 3s 2d

2 punch ladles of turnery, £0 1s 5d

1 palempore, £0 14s 9d

27 lb of rice, £0 2s 3d

total, £235 14s 1d

Goods sold to the Company's ships.

338 lb of flour, £3 10s 5d

2 gallons of linseed oil, £0 9s 8d

total, £4 0s 1d

Interpretations

The planter account closes on this page with the last small parcels of chinaware, deals, glass, ironware and cloth, the tableware and building stuff of the settlers' supply, and the whole planter collection at the two rates stands complete at £235 14s 1d. The single palempore at £0 14s 9d is the one line of the sort, a palempore being the fine painted or printed cotton bedcover of the Indian trade, a dearer piece of cloth than the plain stuffs beside it and a mark of the eastern goods the Company's shipping brought to the island.

The account then turns from the settlement to the shipping, the goods sold to the Company's ships, here a small parcel of flour and linseed oil at £4 0s 1d, the sea stores a vessel drew at the island for her passage. This is a slight showing against the great mast and cordage the Houghton had taken in the December quarter, a sign of no substantial ship victualling in the opening quarter of 1749, the road quiet until the shipping season opened in the spring.

The deals and baulks again are the sawn softwood and squared timber the island could not grow, drawn from store for the settlers' building, and the punch ladles and funnel the small made wares of the household. The whole collection now turns to the charges general, the stores the Company issued for its own works rather than for sale, kept in a separate account from the goods sold, the same order every quarter's collection followed, the sales to servants, planters and shipping reckoned first and the Company's own consumption on its buildings, fortifications, plantation, slaves, garrison, hospital and boats set out after.

86

82

April

Charges General Dr for the following Stores Ishued

from the 7 January to the 31 March 1749 Vizt

Lead 136 Sheet for the Pump & Gutters in the Castle

1 4 1

Rozen 6 to Repair the Pump

8

Duck 6 ½ Yds for Covering three Cackets

8 8

Starch 7 for Linnen

5

Lines Vizt

2 Hambro

1 3

1 No 6 to mend Line Bags

5½

1 Small

2½

1 11

Oil Vizt

4 ½ Gallns Train for ½ use of the Kitchen

Bake House & cleaning Guns

13 4

6 ½ Gallns Linseed for painting in the

Castle & Necessary Stores

17 7½

1 Bottle Florence for cleang Linne

2 9

1 13 8½

Corks 3 Gross for Bottling Beer

6 10½

Paint Vizt

Verdigreass

2 1½

53 ½ White Lead

9 8

14 Venetian Red

9

Yellow Oaker for painting

in the Castle

2

Umber

1

Blue Smalts

10

Indico for Linnen

5

Chalk for the use of the Carpenters

½

3 7

Turners Ware Vizt

2 Hair Brooms for ½ Castle & hove use

3 8½

3 Birch Do for Do

1 3

2 Straing Dishes for the use of the Castle

6

5 5½

Carried over 7 6 11½

Charges general, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1749.

136 lb of sheet lead, for the pumps and gutters in the castle, £1 1s 1d

1 lb of rosin, to repair the pump, £0 0s 8d

6¾ yards of duck, for covering three packets, £0 0s 8d

1 lb of starch, for linen, £0 0s 5d

Lines:

2 Hamburg lines, £0 1s 3d

1 line, number 6, to mend lime bags, £0 0s 5½d

1 small line, £0 0s 2½d

total, £0 1s 11d

Oil:

4½ gallons of train oil, for the use of the kitchen, bakehouse and cleaning arms, £0 13s 1d

6½ gallons of linseed oil, for painting in the castle and necessary houses, £0 17s 2½d

1 bottle of Florence oil, for cleaning arms, £0 2s 9d

total, £1 13s 0½d

3 gross of corks, for bottling beer, £0 6s 10½d

Paint:

1½ lb of verdigris, £0 2s 1½d

54¼ lb of white lead, £0 9s 8d

½ lb of Venetian red, £0 0s 9d

1½ lb of yellow ochre, £0 0s 2d

½ lb of umber, £0 0s 1d

1½ lb of blue smalt, £0 0s 10d

3 lb of indigo, for linen, £0 5s 0d

9 lb of chalk, for the use of the carpenters, £0 0s 0½d

for painting in the castle

total, £3 0s 7d

Turnery:

2 hair brooms, for the castle and stove, £0 3s 8½d

3 birch brooms, for the same, £0 1s 3d

2 straining dishes, for the use of the castle, £0 0s 6d

total, £0 5s 3½d

Carried over, £7 6s 11½d

Interpretations

This opens the charges general for the quarter, the stores the Company drew from its own warehouse for the upkeep of its buildings and works, each line keyed to its use rather than to a buyer, the same head every quarter's collection carried. The sheet lead for the castle pumps and gutters, the rosin to mend the pump, the duck for covering the packets sent home and the lines for mending the lime bags are the ordinary maintenance of the Company's own house and its stores, the small stuff of keeping the place weathertight and working.

The paint head is again the raw pigments issued for the settlement's own painting, the white lead the body of most paintwork, the verdigris, Venetian red, yellow ochre, umber and blue smalt for the colours, and the indigo and chalk for the linen and the carpenters, each drawn against a named use in the castle. The oils below run the same way, the train oil for the kitchen and bakehouse fires and cleaning the arms, the linseed for the painting, and a bottle of the fine Florence oil kept for cleaning the arms, the storekeeper accounting for every gallon and pound against the work it went to.

The corks for bottling the beer, the brooms for the castle and stove and the straining dishes round out the page, the household and cellar stores of the Company's own establishment. The whole is the settled upkeep of the castle and its offices, distinct in kind from the goods sold to the servants, planters and shipping, the buildings kept painted, glazed and mended and the beer bottled through the opening quarter of 1749, the account carried forward at £7 6s 11½d as the run of the Company's own consumption was reckoned up.

87

83

1749

Brought over 7 6 11½

Soap 56

1 7 1

Haberdashery Ware 1 Pr Carnation Tape

5

Cordage 3 ½ for a Well Rope

1 2

Iron Ware Vizt

1 Smoothing plain

1 6

1 Jack Do for ½ use of the Carpenters

1 10

1 Long Do

3 10

2 Small Files for the Great Wood

4

1 Packing Needles for sewing Cackets

1½

1 Rubstone for the use of the Castle

2 6

2 Smiths Rubbers for the Armourer

6 4

2 Pr large H Hinges for the Garden Gate

10 8

1 13 1½

Deals Vizt

7 Single for making Slucks to cast the Pump Chamber

12 Double in making boards &c in the Castle, a step

for Repairs, Necessary house on the Line

11 8

2 5

2 Baulks for Rails on the Curtain

7 11

3 1 7

Nails Vizt

5 10

1 8

1 4

2 5

2 3 for Repairing Spunges, working

3 6 Spouts for the Great House & Repairing

10½

1 1½

2 10 the Necessary house on the Line

7

2 4

2½

2 Coopers Rivets for the Coopers

9½

7 ½ Scupper Nails for the Pump

2½

8 6½

Brandy 4 Gallns for ½ Men that Sawed the Long Boat

4 1½

Leather 1 ¾ for the Pump

1 9

Iron 2 Pr 47 ¾ for the Gun Carriages

Repairs the Rails in the Castle, Coach & Horse Hooks

& Hinges for the Gates in the Enclosures

1 8 7

Carried over 15 10 1

Goods brought over from the previous page, £7 6s 11½d.

50 lb of soap, £1 7s 1d

1 piece of carnation tape of haberdashery, £0 0s 5d

3¾ lb of well rope of cordage, £0 1s 2d

Ironware:

1 smoothing plane, £0 1s 6d

1 jack plane, for the use of the carpenters, £0 1s 10d

1 long plane, £0 3s 10d

2 small files, for the Great Wood, £0 0s 4d

1 packing needle, for sewing packets, £0 0s 1½d

1 rubstone, for the use of the castle, £0 2s 6d

2 smith's rubbers, for the armourer, £0 6s 4d

2 pairs of large HL hinges, for the garden gate, £0 10s 8d

total, £1 13s 1½d

Deals:

7 single deals, to make blocks to cast the pump chamber and making blocks for the fort, £0 11s 8d

12 double deals, to repair the necessary house on the line, a chest, £2 5s 0d

2 baulks, for rails on the curtain, £0 7s 11d

total, £3 4s 7d

Nails:

5 tenpenny nails, £0 1s 8d

1 threepenny nail, £0 2s 5d

2 threepenny nails, £0 0s 11½d

3 sixpenny nails, £0 1s 1½d

2 tenpenny nails, £0 0s 7d

2 fourpenny nails, £0 0s 2½d

for repairing sponges, working, spouts for the great house and priming, the necessary house on the line

2 coopers' rivets, for the coopers, £0 0s 9½d

7½ scupper nails, for the pump, £0 0s 2½d

total, £0 8s 6½d

1½ gallons of brandy, for the men that launched the long boat, £0 4s 1½d

1¾ lb of leather, for the pump, £0 1s 9d

2 quarters 47¾ lb of iron, for repairing the ladles in the several batteries, hooks and hinges for the gates in the batteries, £1 8s 7d

Carried over, £15 10s 1d

Interpretations

The charges general run on with the soap, tape, cordage and ironware of the Company's own upkeep, each line marked with the work or place it served. The carpenters' account takes its own run of tools, the smoothing, jack and long planes for dressing timber, the files and rubstone for sharpening and the smith's rubbers for the armourer, the standing kit the Company kept its own tradesmen working with, drawn from store and charged against itself rather than sold.

The deals and baulks went to a run of building and repair jobs about the fort and the Company's ground, the blocks cast for the pump chamber, the necessary house on the line and the rails on the curtain, the curtain being the stretch of rampart between two bastions and the necessary house the privy of the works. A jack plane is the coarse plane for the first rough dressing of a board, a smoothing plane the fine one for the finish, and a rubstone a coarse sharpening stone, the tools showing the Company's carpenters working up the imported deals into the fittings of the fort.

The iron at £1 8s 7d for two quarters and near forty-eight pounds is the heaviest single line, drawn for repairing the ladles in the several batteries and making hooks and hinges for the battery gates, the ordnance and its housing kept in order across the island's forts. The brandy served to the men who launched the long boat is the one glimpse of the working day, the drams given as customary to the party that ran the heavy boat down into the surf, the same allowance that ran through every account for hard or wet labour. The whole is the settled maintenance of the Company's buildings, works and ordnance, carried forward at £15 10s 1d as the charges general built through the opening quarter of 1749.

88

84

April

Brought over 15 16 1

Glass Ware Vizt

2 Quart Decanters

7

2 Globe Lamps for ½ use of ½ Castle

17 8

1 4 8

Bunting 3 ½ Yds for Mainers in ½ Castle

2 9½

China Ware Vizt

Soup Dish Col Gold

8 2

1 Do Blue & White for ½ Castle

6 10

2 Dozn Saucers Blue & White

3 6

18 6

Candles 16 for the Council

1 1 4

19 8 7½

Fortification Dr for the following Stores Ishued

from the 7 January to the 31 March 1749 Vizt

Deals Vizt

2 Single to make Spouts for the

1 Double Embrasures & Wedges & Flagstaff

3 4

2 6

5 10

Lines Vizt

1 Hambro

1½

1 No 6 for the Masons

3½

Paint 2 W Lead for putty for Ruperts Flagstaff

1 1

Oil ½ Gallns Linseed to make putty & pay ½ Flagstaff

1 8½

Pitch 13 Turpentine for Do

1 6

Iron Ware 3 Spades

3 2

14 3½

Diet

Goods brought over from the previous page, £15 10s 1d.

Glassware:

2 quart decanters, £0 7s 0d

2 globe lamps, for the use of the castle, £0 17s 8d

total, £1 4s 8d

34 yards of bunting, for a main.....in the castle, £0 2s 9½d

Chinaware:

1 soup dish, coloured and gold, £0 8s 2d

1 dish, blue and white, £0 6s 10d

2 dozen of saucers, blue and white, £0 3s 6d

for the castle

total, £0 18s 6d

6 lb of candles, for the council, £1 1s 4d

total, £19 8s 7½d

Fortifications, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1749.

Deals:

2 single deals, to make spouts for the embrasures, £0 3s 1d

1 double deal, for the embrasures and a bridge for the flagstaff, £0 2s 6d

total, £0 5s 10d

Lines:

1 Hamburg line, £0 0s 1½d

1 line, number 6, for the masons, £0 0s 5½d

total, £0 0s 7d

2 lb of white lead, for putty for Rupert's flagstaff, £0 1s 1d

half a gallon of linseed oil, to make putty and pay the flagstaff, £0 1s 8½d

1½ lb of turpentine, for the same, £0 1s 6d

3 spades of ironware, £0 3s 2d

total, £0 14s 3½d

Interpretations

The charges general close on this page, the last of the stores the Company drew for its own house, the glass decanters and globe lamps for the castle, the bunting for a flag, the coloured and blue-and-white chinaware for the castle table and the candles for the council, the whole standing at £19 8s 7½d. The globe lamps and decanters and the painted chinaware are the furnishing of the Governor's own household and board, drawn from store and charged to the Company as the keeping of its establishment on the island, the same run of table and lighting stores every quarter carried.

The account then opens the fortifications, the stores spent on the batteries and defences and charged to that head, a small parcel this quarter with the war over and the great works long done. The deals went to making spouts for the embrasures and a bridge for the flagstaff, the embrasures being the openings in a parapet through which the guns fired, and the white lead, linseed oil and turpentine were worked into putty and paint for Rupert's flagstaff. To pay the flagstaff is to coat it with pitch or paint against the weather, the ordinary upkeep of the staff that flew the signal at the outlying battery.

The whole fortifications account stands at £0 14s 3½d, a quiet quarter's maintenance of the defences after the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle had brought the island's war footing to an end, the batteries kept in order with a little timber, paint and a few spades rather than built up as they had been through the war years. The collection then turns to the diet expenses of the general table, the board's own provisioning kept apart in its own account, the same order every quarter's collection followed as the run of sub-accounts was reckoned up one after another.

89

85

1749

Diet Expences Dr for the following Stores Ishued for

the Use of the Table from the 7 Jan to the 31 March 1749 Vizt

Sugar & Candy Vizt

50 Sugar

9 1½

150 Candy

1 12 8

2 2½

Vinegar 3 Gallons

16 1

Tea 6 Single

6 7½

Pepper 6

3

Arrach Vizt

24 Gallons

2 16 6

80 Gallons delivered Mr Saml Dowton in

return for the like Quantity borrowed of him

for the Table as ½ Consultation of ½ 30 June 1747

10 13 4

13 9 10

Beef & Pork Vizt

3 Pr Beef

8 3

27 Pr Pork

2 14

3 2 3

Salt 1 ½ Bushels

1 6

Flour 2 Casks Quantity 604

1 15

Oil 1 Bottles Florence

11

23 1 1

Blacks Dr for the following Stores Ishued for their Use

from the 7 January to the 31 March 1749 Vizt

Hooks & Lines Vizt

16 Small Lines

3 4

18 dozn Hooks Sorted

3 9

7 1

Brandy 22 Gallons for Drams

3 6

Carried over 3 17

Diet expenses, debtor for the following stores issued for the use of the table from 1 January to 31 March 1749.

Sugar and candy:

50 lb of sugar, £0 9s 5½d

150 lb of candy, £1 12s 8d

total, £2 2s 1½d

5 gallons of vinegar, £0 16s 1d

8 lb of single tea, £0 6s 7½d

6 lb of pepper, £0 0s 3d

Arrack:

24 gallons, £2 16s 6d

80 gallons delivered Mr Samuel Doveton in return for the like quantity borrowed of him for the table at the consultation of 30 June 1747, £10 13s 1d

total, £13 9s 10d

Beef and pork:

34 lb of beef, £0 8s 3d

27 lb of pork, £2 4s 0d

total, £3 3s 3d

1½ bushels of salt, £0 4s 6d

2 pecks of flour, quantity 6 lb, £0 4s 15s 0d

1 bottle of Florence oil, £0 0s 11d

total, £23 4s 1d

Blacks, debtor for the following stores issued for their use from 1 January to 31 March 1749.

Hooks and lines:

16 small lines, £0 3s 4d

18 dozen of sorted hooks, £0 3s 9d

total, £0 7s 1d

22 gallons of brandy, for drams, £3 6s 0d

Carried over, £3 17s 0d

Interpretations

The diet expenses gather the imported staples of the general table, the board's own provisions kept apart from the goods sold and from the charges general, run at £26 19s 3d for the December quarter and here at £23 4s 1d. The sugar, candy, vinegar, tea, pepper, beef, pork, salt, flour and oil are the settled fare of the castle table, the candy at 150 lb the large parcel of boiled hard sugar taken with the tea and for sweetening, and the pork carrying the meat where the herd was held through the winter.

The striking entry is the arrack, and one line in particular repays notice. Beyond the 24 gallons drawn for the table, the account charges 80 gallons delivered to Samuel Doveton in return for the like quantity borrowed of him at the consultation of 30 June 1747, when the store stood wholly out of the stronger Batavia arrack and the Goa was not a third as strong, and the board borrowed eighty gallons of Doveton against repayment in kind from the next Company shipment. That debt is now discharged, the settled course being to repay the planter in the same commodity rather than in cash, so that near two years after the borrowing the store made good the exact quantity it had taken, the entry closing off a shortage that had run through the whole record and marking the arrack supply restored enough at last to pay back what the drought and the empty store had forced the board to borrow of a settler.

The blacks account then opens the slaves' stores, the hooks and lines for their own fishing and the brandy for their drams, the boat the Company kept to feed them from the sea and the drink served as customary at hard labour and at the year's holidays. The account is a small one at its opening, £3 17s 0d carried forward, the great winter clothing having fallen in the December quarter, the slaves' supply through this quarter running to the fishing tackle and the settled brandy allowance the Company entered as its own charge.

90

86

April

Brought over 3 7 7

Rice 30 Pr Pr 14

14 8½

Beef & Pork Vizt

34 Pr Beef

1 13 6

4 Pr Pork

8

5 1 6

Shoes 12 Pr Mens Ordy for the Handicraftsmen

3 11 6

Tea 7 ½ Bohea for the Sick

5

Sugar 8 for Do

1 3½

Iron Ware 1 Plasterers Trowel

2

26 8 9

Hospital Dr for the following Stores Ishued

from the 7 January to the 31 March 1749 Vizt

Flour 50

7 1

Salt ½ Bushel

2 3

Rice 130

12 3½

Sugar 94

19 3

Oil 3 Gallons Train

8 10½

Sacking 2 ½ Yds for mending Hostote

1 4

Thread 7 Coloured

3 4

Nails Vizt

6

7 ½ Scupper for mending Cots

5

2 15 2

Plantation Dr for the following Stores Ishued

from the 7 January to the 31 March 1749 Vizt

Rice & Paddy Vizt

9 ½ 16 Paddy

12 Rice for the Poultry

3 9 7

1

Nails 6 for the Plantation Slaves

3 10 7

Cordage 24 for thatching in the Great Wood

8

Carried over 3 18 11½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £3 17s 0d.

30 lb of rice, £0 14s 8½d

Beef and pork:

34 lb of beef, £1 13s 6d

1 quarter of pork, £0 8s 0d

total, £5 1s 6d

14 pairs of men's ordinary shoes, for the handicraftsmen, £3 11s 6d

7½ lb of bohea tea, for the sick, £0 5s 0d

9 lb of sugar, for the same, £0 1s 3½d

1 plasterer's trowel of ironware, £0 0s 2d

total, £26 8s 9d

Hospital, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1749.

50 lb of flour, £0 7s 1d

half a bushel of salt, £0 2s 3d

150 lb of rice, £0 12s 3½d

9¼ lb of sugar, £0 10s 3d

3 gallons of train oil, £0 8s 10½d

2 yards of sacking, for mending the cot, £0 1s 4d

1 lb of coloured thread, £0 3s 4d

Nails:

6 sixpenny nails, £0 [...] 0d

6 scupper nails, for mending cots, £0 0s 5d

total, £2 15s 2d

Plantation, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1749.

Rice and paddy, for the poultry:

91 lb of paddy, £3 9s 7d

12 lb of rice, £0 [...] 1d

total, £3 10s 7d

6 sixpenny nails, for the Plantation House, £0 0s 4½d

27¼ lb of cordage, for thatching in the Great Wood, £0 0s 8d

Carried over, £3 18s 11½d

Interpretations

The blacks account closes on this page with the rice, beef, pork, shoes, tea and sugar of the slaves' ration and clothing, the whole standing at £26 8s 9d, near the £51 11s 3½d of the December quarter without the great winter blanket issue. The shoes marked for the handicraftsmen are the footwear of the skilled slaves the Company kept at the masonry, cooperage and other trades, and the bohea tea and sugar for the sick the light comfort set before those laid up, the settled care the Company entered among its own charges.

The hospital account then gathers the stores issued to the infirmary for the sick, the flour, salt, rice, sugar and train oil of the sick diet and the lighting, the sacking, thread and nails for mending the cots, run at a modest £2 15s 2d. The cots are the slung beds of the infirmary, mended with sacking and scupper nails, and the rice and flour the light food set before men laid up, a small account this quarter as in the winter, a sign of no great sickness through the opening of the year.

The plantation account opens the stores issued to the Company's own farming, and here the whole parcel is the poultry feed and a little building stuff, the paddy and rice for the fowls, the nails for the Plantation House and the cordage for thatching in the Great Wood. The paddy still in the husk is the cheaper poultry feed against the milled rice, and the thatching cordage the binding for the roofs of the Company's own buildings in its timber plantation. The account is carried forward at £3 18s 11½d, the plantation supply this quarter running to the feeding of the poultry and the upkeep of the Company's ground rather than the fitting-out of the Lieutenant Governor's rooms that had made the December quarter's plantation charge so heavy.

91

87

1749

Brought over 3 18 11½

Cutlery Ware 1 Butchers Knive

3

Turners Ware 3 Labourers Baskets for the Great Wood

1 7½

Earthen Ware 6 Pans to Sett Milk

4 1½

4 5 2½

Garrison Dr for the following Stores Ishued for their Use

from the 7 January to the 31 March 1749 Vizt

Oil 65 ½ Gallons Train

9 13

Tea 39 ½ Bohea for the several Guards

1 6 1

Paint Vizt

23 Yellow Oaker

5 2½

18 Chalk for the ½ Accoutrements

1

5 3½

Deals 6 Single for Coffins

11

Nails 2 6 for Do

9

Turners Ware 9 Birch Brooms for ½ Several Forts & Gunners Use

9½

Pork 18 for a Recruit as customary

3½

Bread 3 for a Recruit as customary

3½

Iron Ware 4 Shod Shovels for four several Forts

5 6

Brandy 12 ½ Gallns for Drams at Mustering

1 16 ½

14 1

Boats Dr for the following Stores Ishued from the 7

January to the 31 March 1749 Vizt

Deals Vizt

1 Double

2 6

2 Elm Boards for Repairs to the Long Boat

3 8

8 2

Rozen 50

5 10

Oil 1 ½ Gallons Train

4 5½

Cordage No 1, 3, 22 for the fishing Yaul

3

Carried over 3 18 5½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £3 18s 11½d.

1 butcher's knife of cutlery, £0 0s 3d

3 labourers' baskets, for the Great Wood, of turnery, £0 1s 7½d

6 pans of earthenware, to set milk, £0 4s 7½d

total, £4 5s 2½d

Garrison, debtor for the following stores issued for their use from 1 January to 31 March 1749.

65½ gallons of train oil, £9 13s 0d

19½ lb of bohea tea, for the several guards, £1 6s 4d

Paint:

25 lb of yellow ochre, £0 5s 2½d

18 lb of chalk, for cleaning arms and accoutrements, £0 0s 1d

total, £5 3s 3½d

6 single deals, for coffins, £0 11s 0d

Nails, for the same:

sixpenny and threepenny nails, £0 0s 9d

Turnery:

9 birch brooms, for the several forts, of gunner's stores, £0 3s 9½d

19 lb of pork, for a recruit as customary, £0 0s 2d

2 lb of bread, for a recruit as customary, £0 0s 3½d

4 shod shovels, for the several forts, of ironware, £0 5s 6d

12¾ gallons of brandy, for drams at mustering, £1 16s 10½d

total, £14 1s 0d

Boats, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1749.

Deals:

1 double deal, £0 2s 6d

2 elm boards, for repairs to the long boat, £0 3s 8d

total, £0 8s 2d

50 lb of rosin, £0 5s 10d

1¼ gallons of train oil, £0 1s 5½d

27 lb 3 quarters 22 lb of cordage, number 2, for the fishing yawl, £0 3s 0d

Carried over, £3 18s 5½d

Interpretations

The plantation account closes with the butcher's knife, labourers' baskets and milk pans, the small tools of the Company's ground and dairy, the earthen pans set to let the milk stand for the cream, the whole standing at £4 5s 2½d. The Great Wood, the Company's timber plantation, carried its own baskets for the working parties, the settled upkeep of the ground that fed the garrison and stock from the Company's own land.

The garrison account then gathers the soldiers' stores, the train oil for the guard-house lamps far the heaviest line, the bohea tea for the several guards, the yellow ochre and chalk for cleaning the arms and accoutrements, and the deals and nails for the coffins of the garrison's dead. The birch brooms went to the several forts and the shod shovels likewise, the batteries kept swept and their ground worked, and the pork and bread for a recruit as customary the settled first issue to a man newly enlisted before he came onto the regular ration.

The brandy for drams at mustering is the standing allowance served the garrison on parade, the drink given as customary when the men turned out under arms, entered every quarter among the garrison charges. The whole garrison account stands at £14 1s 0d. The boats account then opens the last of the works sub-accounts, the stores spent on the Company's own craft, the deals and elm boards for repairing the long boat, the rosin and train oil for paying and dressing, and the cordage for the fishing yawl, the account carried forward at £3 18s 5½d, the ordinary upkeep of the boats on which the whole traffic of the roadstead and the island's fishery depended.

92

88

April

Brought over 3 18 5½

Nails Vizt

9 20

2 10

3 10

1

2 6 for Repairs to the Long Boat & Pinnace

9

½ 2

3½

4 10½

Lead 3 ¾ Sheet for Repairs to the Pinnace

7½

4 3 11½

St Helena March 31 1749

Errors Excepted

P C Purling Storekeeper

List of the Honble Companys Officers & Servants upon the

Island St Helena with their Several Salarys Diet Money

&c for the Quarter commencing January the 7 and Ending

March the 31 1749

Chas Hutchinson Esqr Govr Salary 125

Do allowance for Servants as Usual 31 14 9

156 14 9

Capt David Hunter Lt Govr Salary 62 10

Do Diet Money 25

87 10

John Clark of Council Salary

15

John Goodwin Accomptant Salary 17 10

Do Diet Money 15

32 10

Matt Purling Storekeeper Salary 17 10

Do Diet Money 15

32 10

Willm Loveday Chaplain Salary 25

Do Diet Money 15

40

Ivan Wrangham Factor Salary 7 10

Do Diet Money 10

Do House Rent 2 10

20

Carried over 384 4 9

Goods brought over under the boats account, £3 18s 5½d.

Nails, for repairs to the long boat and pinnace:

9 twentypenny nails, £0 2s 10d

3 tenpenny nails, £0 0s 1d

2 sixpenny nails, £0 0s 9d

half a hundred of twopenny nails, £0 0s 3½d

total, £0 4s 10½d

3¾ lb of sheet lead, for repairs to the pinnace, £0 0s 7½d

total, £1 3s 11½d

The account subscribed at St Helena on 31 March 1749, errors excepted, by Matthew Purling storekeeper.

List of the Honourable Company's officers and servants upon the island of St Helena, with their several salaries and diet money for the quarter commencing 1 January and ending 31 March 1749.

Charles Hutchinson, Governor, salary, £125 0s 0d

allowance for servants as usual, £31 14s 9d

total, £156 14s 9d

Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d

diet money, £23 0s 0d

total, £87 10s 0d

John Clark of council, £75 0s 0d

John Goodwin, accountant, salary, £17 10s 0d

diet money, £15 0s 0d

total, £32 10s 0d

Matthew Purling, storekeeper, salary, £17 10s 0d

diet money, £15 0s 0d

total, £32 10s 0d

William Loveday, chaplain, salary, £25 0s 0d

diet money, £15 0s 0d

total, £40 0s 0d

Francis Wrangham, factor, salary, £7 10s 0d

diet money, £10 0s 0d

house rent, £2 10s 0d

total, £20 0s 0d

Carried over, £384 4s 9d

Interpretations

The boats account closes the whole run of works sub-accounts, the last of the stores spent on the Company's own craft, the nails for the long boat and pinnace and the sheet lead for the pinnace, the account standing at £1 3s 11½d. The pinnace was the larger ship's boat kept for the heavier work of the road beside the long boat, and the fishing yawl the small craft of the island's fishery, all three mended from the same store that supplied the garrison and settlement, the boats on which the landing of every ship's goods and the feeding of the garrison from the sea depended.

Matthew Purling as storekeeper subscribed the whole collection at the quarter's end, errors excepted, the settled form that certified the account without warranting every figure exact, the same subscription he had set to every quarter's collection through his charge. The account then turns from the goods to the men, opening the pay roll of the whole civil and military establishment for the quarter, the list of officers and servants with their salaries and diet money paid from the treasury.

The civil establishment heads the roll in order of rank and stands unchanged from the December quarter, Governor Charles Hutchinson at £125 with his servants' allowance, David Hunter the Lieutenant Governor, John Clark of council, and then the accountant, storekeeper, chaplain and factor by salary and diet money. The steadiness of the list quarter to quarter is itself the mark of a settled establishment, the same officers drawing the same pay through the quiet run after the peace, the diet money the cash allowance paid in place of the common table the Company's orders offered, a standing arrangement the board could not commute of its own authority. The civil pay opens at £384 4s 9d carried forward, the settled charge of governing the island before the foot companies and the artillery came to be reckoned man by man.

93

89

Brought over £384 4s 9d

James Powell Factor Salary £7 10s 0d
Do Assistant Storekeeper 5 0s 0d
Do Diet Money 10 0s 0d
Do House Rent 2 10s 0d
25 0s 0d

Jno French Factor Salary 7 10s 0d
Do Diet Money 10 0s 0d
17 10s 0d

Matthews Bazett Writer Salary 3 0s 0d
Do Diet Money 10 0s 0d
15 0s 0d

Sam Falcomer Surgeon Salary 9 15s 0d
Do House Rent 2 10s 0d
12 5s 0d

Rich Gurling 15 0s 0d

John Trask Overseer 7 10s 0d

Richd Beale Schoolmaster Salary 3 8s 3d
Do as Clerk 5 0s 0d
8 8s 3d

John Bland Master Mason Salary 17 10s 0d
Do Diet Money 10 0s 0d
Do House Rent 1 10s 0d
29 0s 0d

Mark Hawkins Mason Salary 12 10s 0d
Do Diet Money 6 16s 10½d
Do House Rent 1 0s 0d
20 6s 10½d

Wm Hayes Master of Arms 6 5s 0d

Nicholas Cleather Steward 7 10s 0d

Wm Dowse Gardener 9 11s 3d

Robt Meacock Cooper 8 15s 0d

Hen Moyes Carpenter to 19 day of Jan incl 9 days he was Discharged 2 11s 1¼d

John Inkingstall Master of the Long Boat 7 10s 0d

Robt Wright Housekeeper 2 0s 0d

Tho Willingham Marshal 4 17s 9d

Henry Brunson Armourer 10 10s 0d

First Company

John Clark’s Lieut Salary £10 0s 0d
Do Diet Money 6 16s 10½d
Do on Acct of Instructing the Gunners 7 10s 0d
24 6s 10½d

Wm Hayes Adjutant Salary 10 0s 0d
Do Diet Money 7 16s 3d
17 16s 3d

£418 1s 2½d

Carried over £634 6s 11¼d

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £384 4s 9d.

James Powell, factor, received a salary of £7 10s, an additional £5 as assistant storekeeper, £10 for diet money, and £2 10s for house rent, totalling £25.

John French, factor, received £7 10s salary and £10 diet money, amounting to £17 10s.

Matthew Bazett, writer, received £3 salary and £10 diet money, totalling £15.

Samuel Falconer, surgeon, received a salary of £9 15s and £2 10s house rent, amounting to £12 5s.

Richard Gurling received £15.

John Trask, overseer, received £7 10s.

Richard Beale, schoolmaster, received £3 8s 3d salary and £5 as clerk, together amounting to £8 8s 3d.

John Bland, master mason, received £17 10s salary, £10 diet money, and £1 10s house rent, totalling £29.

Mark Hawkins, mason, received £12 10s salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £1 house rent, amounting to £20 6s 10½d.

William Hayes, master of arms, received £6 5s.

Nicholas Cleather, steward, received £7 10s.

William Dowse, gardener, received £9 11s 3d.

Robert Meacock, cooper, received £8 15s.

Henry Moyes, carpenter, received £2 11s 1¼d, being payment up to 19 January inclusive, when he was discharged after nine days’ service that quarter.

John Inkingstall, master of the longboat, received £7 10s.

Robert Wright, housekeeper, received £2.

Thomas Willingham, marshal, received £4 17s 9d.

Henry Brunson, armourer, received £10 10s.

In the first company, Lieutenant John Clark received £10 salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £7 10s for instructing the gunners, totalling £24 6s 10½d.

William Hayes, adjutant, received £10 salary and £7 16s 3d diet money, amounting to £17 16s 3d.

These entries brought the subtotal to £418 1s 2½d and the total carried forward to £634 6s 11¼d.

94

90

Brought over £634 6s 11¼d

Sergeants
Henry Beale £6 4s 6d
Bartholomew Molloy £6 4s 6d
Solomon Jacobs £6 4s 6d
£20 3s 6d

Corporals
Danl Langton £4 17s 9d
Saml Richardson to ye 16 day of Jan incl 7 day he was broke £0 9s 8¼d
Do as Sentinel from ye 16 day of Jan to ye 31 day of March inclusive £3 9s 3¼d
Wm Bull £4 17s 9d
£12 6s 1¼d

John Swindall Drummer £4 17s 9d

Centrinels
Edwd Allis £3 8s 3d
John Bray £3 8s 3d
John Brohan £3 0s 3d
George Bennett £3 8s 3d
Joseph Brooks £3 8s 3d
Ambrose Poland £3 8s 3d
Augustine Balls £3 2s 3d
Tho Brown £3 8s 3d
Wm Buff £3 8s 3d
John Buckels £3 8s 3d
John Clay £3 8s 3d
Wm Campbell transf’d to ye Artillery company Feb 7th & paid for that day £1 13s 10¾d
Matt Campbell £3 8s 3d
Saml Cartwright £3 8s 3d
Wm Davis Senr £3 8s 3d
Wm Davis Junr £3 8s 3d
John Davis £3 8s 3d
Wm Pryor £3 8s 3d

Centrinels Carried over £59 16s 7¾d

Carried over £671 4s 2½d

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £634 6s 11¼d.

Under the heading for sergeants, Henry Beale, Bartholomew Molloy, and Solomon Jacobs each received £6 4s 6d, amounting in total to £20 3s 6d.

For corporals, Daniel Langton received £4 17s 9d. Samuel Richardson was paid £0 9s 8¼d for service to 16 January inclusive, being seven days before he was reduced in rank, and a further £3 9s 3¼d for serving as sentinel from 16 January to 31 March. William Bull received £4 17s 9d. The total for the corporals was £12 6s 1¼d.

John Swindall, drummer, received £4 17s 9d.

The sentinels [privates on guard duty] were listed as follows. Edward Allis £3 8s 3d; John Bray £3 8s 3d; John Brohan £3 0s 3d; George Bennett £3 8s 3d; Joseph Brooks £3 8s 3d; Ambrose Poland £3 8s 3d; Augustine Balls £3 2s 3d; Thomas Brown £3 8s 3d; William Buff £3 8s 3d; John Buckels £3 8s 3d; John Clay £3 8s 3d.

William Campbell, who was transferred to the artillery company on 7 February, was paid £1 13s 10¾d for service up to that date. Matthew Campbell £3 8s 3d; Samuel Cartwright £3 8s 3d; William Davis senior £3 8s 3d; William Davis junior £3 8s 3d; John Davis £3 8s 3d; and William Pryor £3 8s 3d.

The total for the sentinels came to £59 16s 7¾d.

The cumulative total carried forward was £671 4s 2½d.

95

91

Brought over £671 4s 2½d

Centrinels Brought over £59 16s 7¾d

Edwd Gill to Feb 11th incl the day he died £1 11s 4¾d
George Green £3 8s 3d
Tho Greenaway £3 8s 3d
Tho Hailes £3 8s 3d
Humphry Harrison £3 8s 3d
George Harper £3 8s 3d
Patrick Hambleton transf’d to the Artillery Company Jan 7th & paid for that day £3 13s 5½d
Saml Hendrews £3 8s 3d
Major Jackson £3 8s 3d
Woolston Jones £3 8s 3d
Tho Jarvis £3 8s 3d
James Lee £3 8s 3d
Wm Lamton £3 8s 3d
Alexander Lewdon to Feb 27th the day he was discharged & paid for that day £2 3s 1½d
John Marsh £3 8s 3d
Wm Mason £3 8s 3d
John Menville £3 8s 3d
James Mills £3 8s 3d
Humphry Baugh transf’d from ye Artillery Company Feb 14th up to the 31st March inclusive £1 11s 1¾d
Saml Kennard £3 8s 3d
John Spencer £3 8s 3d
John Soetsher £3 8s 3d
John Shaw £3 8s 3d
John Searly £3 8s 3d
Solomon Saunders £3 8s 3d
Emanuel Steel £3 8s 3d
Wm Star £3 8s 3d
James Urquhart £3 8s 3d
Peter Wells £3 8s 3d
Tho Woosg £3 8s 3d
Tho Watts £3 8s 3d
Wm Young £3 8s 3d

Jos Long to 10 of Jan incl as Sentinel £1 7s 5¼d
Do to the 31 of March incl as Corporal £3 18s 7½d
£4 5s 6¾d

£165 12s 3½d

Carried over £836 16s 6d

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £671 4s 2½d.

The sentinels’ total from the previous section, £59 16s 7¾d, was carried forward.

Edward Gill received £1 11s 4¾d for service to 11 February inclusive, the day on which he died. George Green £3 8s 3d; Thomas Greenaway £3 8s 3d; Thomas Hailes £3 8s 3d; Humphry Harrison £3 8s 3d; and George Harper £3 8s 3d.

Patrick Hambleton, who transferred to the artillery company on 7 January, was paid £3 13s 5½d to that date. Samuel Hendrews £3 8s 3d; Major Jackson £3 8s 3d; Woolston Jones £3 8s 3d; Thomas Jarvis £3 8s 3d; James Lee £3 8s 3d; William Lamton £3 8s 3d; and Alexander Lewdon, who was discharged on 27 February and paid for that day, £2 3s 1½d.

John Marsh £3 8s 3d; William Mason £3 8s 3d; John Menville £3 8s 3d; James Mills £3 8s 3d; and Humphry Baugh, who transferred from the artillery company on 14 February and was paid to 31 March inclusive, £1 11s 1¾d. Samuel Kennard £3 8s 3d; John Spencer £3 8s 3d; John Soetsher £3 8s 3d; John Shaw £3 8s 3d; John Searly £3 8s 3d; Solomon Saunders £3 8s 3d; Emanuel Steel £3 8s 3d; William Star £3 8s 3d; James Urquhart £3 8s 3d; Peter Wells £3 8s 3d; Thomas Woosg £3 8s 3d; Thomas Watts £3 8s 3d; and William Young £3 8s 3d.

Joseph Long received £1 7s 5¼d for service as sentinel to 10 January inclusive, and £3 18s 7½d for service as corporal to 31 March, totalling £4 5s 6¾d.

The total for this section came to £165 12s 3½d, bringing the cumulative total carried forward to £836 16s 6d.

96

92

Brought over £836 16s 6d

Second Company

Joseph Kendall Lt Salary £10 0s 0d
Do Diet Money 6 16s 10½d
Do House Rent 2 10s 0d
£19 6s 10½d

Saml Ashworth 2 Lt Salary 7 10s 0d
Do Diet Money 6 16s 10½d
£14 6s 10½d

£33 13s 9d

Sergeants
Robt Mason £6 4s 6d
Gab Jackson £6 4s 6d
Dan Bush £6 4s 6d
£20 3s 6d

Corporals
John Downs £4 17s 9d
Michael Foost £4 17s 9d
John Holloway £4 17s 9d
£13 13s 3d

Tho London Drummer £4 17s 9d

Centrinels
Joseph Andrews £3 8s 3d
Peter Barker £3 8s 3d
Josiah Banks £3 8s 3d
Andrew Barton £3 8s 3d
Fran Berwick £3 8s 3d
Rich Billington £3 8s 3d
John Burch £3 8s 3d
Wm Brooks £3 8s 3d
John Brown £3 8s 3d
John Chapman £3 8s 3d
Wm Cook £3 8s 3d
Wm Duffton £3 8s 3d
John Duglass £3 8s 3d
Tho Dye £3 8s 3d

Centrinels Carried over £47 15s 6d

Carried over £908 4s 9d

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £836 16s 6d.

In the second company, Lieutenant Joseph Kendall received a salary of £10, diet money of £6 16s 10½d, and £2 10s for house rent, totalling £19 6s 10½d.

Second Lieutenant Samuel Ashworth received £7 10s salary and £6 16s 10½d diet money, amounting to £14 6s 10½d. The combined total for the two officers was £33 13s 9d.

Among the sergeants, Robert Mason, Gabriel Jackson, and Daniel Bush each received £6 4s 6d, giving a total of £20 3s 6d.

For the corporals, John Downs, Michael Foost, and John Holloway each received £4 17s 9d, totalling £13 13s 3d.

Thomas London, drummer, received £4 17s 9d.

The sentinels [privates on duty] were listed as follows: Joseph Andrews £3 8s 3d; Peter Barker £3 8s 3d; Josiah Banks £3 8s 3d; Andrew Barton £3 8s 3d; Francis Berwick £3 8s 3d; Richard Billington £3 8s 3d; John Burch £3 8s 3d; William Brooks £3 8s 3d; John Brown £3 8s 3d; John Chapman £3 8s 3d; William Cook £3 8s 3d; William Duffton £3 8s 3d; John Duglass £3 8s 3d; and Thomas Dye £3 8s 3d.

The total for the sentinels so far amounted to £47 15s 6d, bringing the cumulative total carried forward to £908 4s 9d.

97

93

Brought over £908 4s 9d

Centrinels Brought over £47 15s 6d

John Eaves to Mar 20th incl the day he died £2 19s 1d
Robt Cowidge £3 8s 3d
Peter Finnall £3 8s 3d
Jn Fisher to ye 28 Feb incl the day he was discharged £2 1s 1½d
John Fletcher £3 8s 3d
John Gouds £3 8s 3d
John Hayes £3 8s 3d
Jos Hayes £3 8s 3d
Isaac Holmes £3 8s 3d
Ja Inglish £3 8s 3d
Saml Hutson £3 8s 3d
Wm Leaver to ye 28 Feb incl the day he was discharged £2 1s 1½d
Chas Legent £3 8s 3d
Saml Long £3 8s 3d
Jos Lovett £3 8s 3d
Tho Maxon £3 8s 3d
Rich Maybank £3 8s 3d
Rich Moyce £3 8s 3d
John Rotton £3 8s 3d
Wm Page £3 8s 3d
Wm Seck £3 8s 3d
Wm Shelton £3 8s 3d
John Simmonds £3 8s 3d
Jos Simpson £3 8s 3d
Robt Stacey £3 8s 3d
Tho Sheekon £3 8s 3d
Edwd Shoud £3 8s 3d
Saml Talbot £3 8s 3d
Tho Taylor £3 8s 3d
Benj Thomas £3 8s 3d
Rich Swaits £3 8s 3d
Wm Swaits £3 8s 3d
Edwd Walker £3 8s 3d
Wm Walkham £3 8s 3d
Adam Walton £3 8s 3d
Stephen Willoughby £3 8s 3d

£167 15s 1d

£1075 19s 10d

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £908 4s 9d.

The total for the sentinels previously listed was £47 15s 6d, carried forward to this section.

John Eaves received £2 19s 1d for service up to 20 March inclusive, the day on which he died. Robert Cowidge £3 8s 3d; Peter Finnall £3 8s 3d; and John Fisher, discharged on 28 February and paid to that date, £2 1s 1½d. John Fletcher £3 8s 3d; John Gouds £3 8s 3d; John Hayes £3 8s 3d; Joseph Hayes £3 8s 3d; Isaac Holmes £3 8s 3d; James Inglish £3 8s 3d; and Samuel Hutson £3 8s 3d.

William Leaver, discharged on 28 February and paid to that day, £2 1s 1½d. Charles Legent £3 8s 3d; Samuel Long £3 8s 3d; Joseph Lovett £3 8s 3d; Thomas Maxon £3 8s 3d; Richard Maybank £3 8s 3d; Richard Moyce £3 8s 3d; John Rotton £3 8s 3d; William Page £3 8s 3d; William Seck £3 8s 3d; William Shelton £3 8s 3d; John Simmonds £3 8s 3d; Joseph Simpson £3 8s 3d; Robert Stacey £3 8s 3d; Thomas Sheekon £3 8s 3d; Edward Shoud £3 8s 3d; Samuel Talbot £3 8s 3d; Thomas Taylor £3 8s 3d; Benjamin Thomas £3 8s 3d; Richard Swaits £3 8s 3d; William Swaits £3 8s 3d; Edward Walker £3 8s 3d; William Walkham £3 8s 3d; Adam Walton £3 8s 3d; and Stephen Willoughby £3 8s 3d.

The total for this group of sentinels came to £167 15s 1d, giving a cumulative total of £1075 19s 10d.

98

94

Brought over £1075 19s 10d

Third Company

Tho Easthope 1st Lt Salary £10 0s 0d
Do Diet Money 6 16s 10½d
Do House Rent 2 10s 0d
£19 6s 10½d

One Bale 2d Lt Salary 7 10s 0d
Do Diet Money 6 16s 10½d
£14 6s 10½d

£33 13s 9d

Sergeants
Wm Hendy £6 4s 6d
Matthew Brightwell £6 4s 6d
Henry Barber £6 4s 6d
£20 3s 6d

Corporals
John Spencer £4 17s 9d
John Leech £4 17s 9d
Abram Major £4 17s 9d
£13 13s 3d

Benjamin Swaits Drummer £4 17s 9d

Centrinels
Wm Adams £3 8s 3d
Matw Allis £3 8s 3d
Bevan Ambrose £3 8s 3d
Jos Basteck £3 8s 3d
Wm Beckett £3 8s 3d
Wm Bonfeld £3 8s 3d
Jn Bradley transf’d to ye Artill Compy Feb 28th incl £2 1s 1½d
Wm Brown £3 8s 3d
And Blenansky to 6 Jan incl ye day he was Disch’d £1 11s 11¼d
Dixon Capt £3 8s 3d
Baron Delarof £3 8s 3d
John Earl £3 8s 3d
Tho Fuller £3 8s 3d
Law Grant £3 8s 3d
Jonas Fletchen £3 8s 3d

Centrinels Carried over £47 3s 3d

Carried over £1147 8s 1d

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £1075 19s 10d.

In the third company, Lieutenant Thomas Easthope received a salary of £10, diet money of £6 16s 10½d, and £2 10s for house rent, totalling £19 6s 10½d.

Second Lieutenant One Bale received £7 10s salary and £6 16s 10½d diet money, amounting to £14 6s 10½d. The total for both officers was £33 13s 9d.

Among the sergeants, William Hendy, Matthew Brightwell, and Henry Barber each received £6 4s 6d, amounting to £20 3s 6d.

Corporals John Spencer, John Leech, and Abraham Major each received £4 17s 9d, totalling £13 13s 3d.

Benjamin Swaits, drummer, received £4 17s 9d.

The sentinels were as follows: William Adams £3 8s 3d; Matthew Allis £3 8s 3d; Bevan Ambrose £3 8s 3d; Joseph Basteck £3 8s 3d; William Beckett £3 8s 3d; William Bonfeld £3 8s 3d; John Bradley, who transferred to the artillery company on 28 February inclusive, £2 1s 1½d; William Brown £3 8s 3d; Andrew Blenansky, discharged on 6 January and paid to that date, £1 11s 11¼d; Dixon Capt £3 8s 3d; Baron Delarof £3 8s 3d; John Earl £3 8s 3d; Thomas Fuller £3 8s 3d; Law Grant £3 8s 3d; and Jonas Fletchen £3 8s 3d.

The total for these sentinels came to £47 3s 3d, bringing the cumulative total to £1147 8s 1d.

99

95

Brought over £1147 8s 1d

Centrinels Brought over £47 3s 1d

James Hines £3 8s 3d
Wm Harlock £3 8s 3d
Wm Jackson £3 8s 3d
Evan Jones £3 8s 3d
Tho Kendrick £3 8s 3d
Rich Knight £3 8s 3d
Jn Longridge £3 8s 3d
Tho Lawrence £3 8s 3d
Saml Mclane £3 8s 3d
John Mckoy £3 8s 3d
Jn Magueto to Feb 27th incl the day he was discharged £2 1s 1½d
Chas Montague £3 8s 3d
Rich Mason transf from ye Artill Compy Mar 7th inclusive £1 2s 2d
Chas Newcomb £3 8s 3d
Valent Noble £3 8s 3d
Jos A Newman £3 8s 3d
Tho Oliver £3 8s 3d
Tho Payne £3 8s 3d
Geo Peacock £3 8s 3d
Wm Pendrey £3 8s 3d
Jas Pestere £3 8s 3d
John Palswater £3 8s 3d
Tho Pledger £3 8s 3d
Adam Ralolph £3 8s 3d
Fran Reed £3 8s 3d
Wm Robinson £3 8s 3d
David Scott £3 8s 3d
John Smith £3 8s 3d
Robt Stack £3 8s 3d
Jos Thompson £3 8s 2d
Benj Williams £3 8s 3d
John Wills £3 8s 3d
Jos W Goodman £3 8s 3d
Saml W Goodwin £3 8s 3d
Jeremiah Wignill £3 8s 3d

£163 2s 1½d

£1310 10s 2½d

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £1147 8s 1d.

The total for the sentinels previously listed was £47 3s 1d, carried forward to this section.

James Hines £3 8s 3d; William Harlock £3 8s 3d; William Jackson £3 8s 3d; Evan Jones £3 8s 3d; Thomas Kendrick £3 8s 3d; Richard Knight £3 8s 3d; John Longridge £3 8s 3d; Thomas Lawrence £3 8s 3d; Samuel Mclane £3 8s 3d; John Mckoy £3 8s 3d; John Magueto, discharged on 27 February and paid to that date, £2 1s 1½d; Charles Montague £3 8s 3d; Richard Mason, transferred from the artillery company on 7 March inclusive, £1 2s 2d; Charles Newcomb £3 8s 3d; Valent Noble £3 8s 3d; Joseph A. Newman £3 8s 3d; Thomas Oliver £3 8s 3d; Thomas Payne £3 8s 3d; George Peacock £3 8s 3d; William Pendrey £3 8s 3d; James Pestere £3 8s 3d; John Palswater £3 8s 3d; Thomas Pledger £3 8s 3d; Adam Ralolph £3 8s 3d; Francis Reed £3 8s 3d; William Robinson £3 8s 3d; David Scott £3 8s 3d; John Smith £3 8s 3d; Robert Stack £3 8s 3d; Joseph Thompson £3 8s 2d; Benjamin Williams £3 8s 3d; John Wills £3 8s 3d; Joseph W. Goodman £3 8s 3d; Samuel W. Goodwin £3 8s 3d; and Jeremiah Wignill £3 8s 3d.

The total for these sentinels came to £163 2s 1½d, bringing the cumulative total to £1310 10s 2½d.

100

96

Brought over £1310 10s 2½d

Fourth Company

Tho Kirkpatrick 1st Lt Salary £10 0s 0d
Do Diet Money 6 16s 10½d
Do House Rent 2 10s 0d
£19 6s 10½d

Sergeants
Jos Leighton £6 4s 6d
Wm Oakhman £6 4s 6d
Wm Moor £6 4s 6d
£20 3s 6d

Corporals
Edw Murphy £4 17s 9d
Peter Carkly £4 17s 9d
George Masters £4 17s 9d
£13 13s 3d

John Allis Drummer £4 17s 9d

Centrinels
Jas Allen £3 8s 3d
Tho Bower £3 8s 3d
John Braden £3 8s 3d
Isaac Bennett £3 8s 3d
Wm Bewick £3 8s 3d
Phillip Catchpole £3 8s 3d
Edw Cocker £3 8s 3d
Gulb Clew from 17th Mar incl ye day he Enlist £1 11s 11½d
Tho Draper £3 8s 3d
Saml Eales £3 8s 3d
George Exton £3 8s 3d
George French £3 8s 3d
Jonas Geddey £3 8s 3d
Fran Goodbody £3 8s 3d
John Gilbert £3 8s 3d
James Green £3 8s 3d
James Hall £3 8s 3d

Centrinels carried over £53 3s 2½d

Carried over £1367 11s 7d

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £1310 10s 2½d.

In the fourth company, Lieutenant Thomas Kirkpatrick received £10 salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £2 10s house rent, totalling £19 6s 10½d.

Among the sergeants, Joseph Leighton, William Oakhman, and William Moor each received £6 4s 6d, amounting to £20 3s 6d.

Corporals Edward Murphy, Peter Carkly, and George Masters each received £4 17s 9d, totalling £13 13s 3d.

John Allis, drummer, received £4 17s 9d.

The sentinels were as follows: James Allen £3 8s 3d; Thomas Bower £3 8s 3d; John Braden £3 8s 3d; Isaac Bennett £3 8s 3d; William Bewick £3 8s 3d; Phillip Catchpole £3 8s 3d; Edward Cocker £3 8s 3d; Gulb Clew, enlisted on 17 March inclusive, £1 11s 11½d; Thomas Draper £3 8s 3d; Samuel Eales £3 8s 3d; George Exton £3 8s 3d; George French £3 8s 3d; Jonas Geddey £3 8s 3d; Francis Goodbody £3 8s 3d; John Gilbert £3 8s 3d; James Green £3 8s 3d; and James Hall £3 8s 3d.

The total for these sentinels came to £53 3s 2½d, giving a cumulative total of £1367 11s 7d.

101

97

Brought over £1367 11s 7d

Centrinels Brought over £55 3s 2½d

Robt Haggens to 27 Feb incl ye day he was Discharged £2 3s 1½d
John Haly £3 8s 3d
Job Harrison £3 8s 3d
James Heaks £3 8s 3d
Wm Harris £3 8s 3d
Saml Kendrick to 27 Feb incl ye day he was Discharged £2 3s 1½d
Wm Kenorc £3 8s 3d
Wm Kent £3 8s 3d
John Loyd £3 8s 3d
Moses Menanto £3 8s 3d
Duncan Mclamon £3 8s 3d
Saml Peplow £3 8s 3d
Edw Riches £3 8s 3d
Benjn Pearson £3 8s 3d
Tho Robinson £3 8s 3d
David Robinson £3 8s 3d
Tho Reynolds £3 8s 3d
Arnold Saffory £3 8s 3d
Danl Sargant £3 8s 3d
John Smith £3 8s 3d
Chas Soakes £3 8s 3d
Timothy Sullivan £3 8s 3d
Tho Thort £3 8s 3d
John Taylor £3 8s 3d
Wm Taylor £3 8s 3d
Edw Terrey £3 8s 3d
Saml Vaughan £3 8s 3d
Jos Upton £3 8s 3d
Benjn Williams £3 8s 3d
John Walther Senr £3 8s 3d
John Walther Junr £3 8s 3d
Robt Wright £3 8s 3d

£161 17s 5½d

£1329 9s 1½d

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £1367 11s 7d.

The sentinels previously listed totalled £55 3s 2½d, carried forward to this section.

Robert Haggens, discharged on 27 February and paid to that date, £2 3s 1½d; John Haly £3 8s 3d; Job Harrison £3 8s 3d; James Heaks £3 8s 3d; William Harris £3 8s 3d; Samuel Kendrick, discharged on 27 February and paid to that date, £2 3s 1½d; William Kenorc £3 8s 3d; William Kent £3 8s 3d; John Loyd £3 8s 3d; Moses Menanto £3 8s 3d; Duncan Mclamon £3 8s 3d; Samuel Peplow £3 8s 3d; Edward Riches £3 8s 3d; Benjamin Pearson £3 8s 3d; Thomas Robinson £3 8s 3d; David Robinson £3 8s 3d; Thomas Reynolds £3 8s 3d; Arnold Saffory £3 8s 3d; Daniel Sargant £3 8s 3d; John Smith £3 8s 3d; Charles Soakes £3 8s 3d; Timothy Sullivan £3 8s 3d; Thomas Thort £3 8s 3d; John Taylor £3 8s 3d; William Taylor £3 8s 3d; Edward Terrey £3 8s 3d; Samuel Vaughan £3 8s 3d; Joseph Upton £3 8s 3d; Benjamin Williams £3 8s 3d; John Walther senior £3 8s 3d; John Walther junior £3 8s 3d; and Robert Wright £3 8s 3d.

The total for these sentinels came to £161 17s 5½d, bringing the cumulative total to £1329 9s 1½d.

102

98

Brought over £1529 9s 1½d

Artillery Company

John French Master Gunner Salary £13 8s 9d
Do Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do House Rent £2 10s 0d
£22 15s 7½d

Gunners Mates

Isaac Leech £4 17s 6d
Nathan Sample £4 17s 6d
Rog Newsom £4 17s 6d
John Christofell £4 17s 6d
Saml Prickhard £4 17s 6d
Ely Leech £4 17s 6d
Wm Turner £4 17s 6d
Humph Pughsley to 9 Feb incl as Gunr mate £2 2s 9d
Pay 17 Feb incl as Master of Transport’s Long Boat £0 7s 9½d
£36 12s 4½d

Quarter Gunners

John Nottage £4 17s 9d
Jn Butler to 9 Feb incl as Quart Gunr £1 18s 5¾d
Do from the 10 Feb incl as Gunrs Mate £2 14s 9d
John Ashingstall £4 13s 2¾d
Alex Burford to 7 Jan incl ye day he was Discharged £1 7s 9d
Law Arnold £4 17s 9d
John Watkins £4 17s 9d
Adam Milbourn £4 17s 9d
Henry Carker £4 17s 9d
£31 6s 5¾d

Matrosses

Jos Boswell £4 1s 3d
Wm Bateman £4 1s 3d
Peter Bath £4 1s 3d
Saml Clark £4 1s 3d
Edw Cullimore £4 1s 3d

Matrosses Carried over £20 6s 3d

Carried over £1620 3s 6¼d

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £1529 9s 1½d.

In the artillery company, John French, master gunner, received £13 8s 9d salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £2 10s house rent, making a total of £22 15s 7½d.

Among the gunners’ mates, Isaac Leech, Nathan Sample, Roger Newsom, John Christofell, Samuel Prickhard, Ely Leech, and William Turner each received £4 17s 6d. Humphrey Pughsley was paid £2 2s 9d up to 9 February as gunner’s mate and a further £0 7s 9½d to 17 February inclusive for serving as master of the transport’s long boat. The total for the gunners’ mates was £36 12s 4½d.

The quarter gunners were John Nottage £4 17s 9d; John Butler, £1 18s 5¾d to 9 February as quarter gunner and £2 14s 9d from 10 February inclusive as gunner’s mate; John Ashingstall £4 13s 2¾d; Alexander Burford, discharged on 7 January and paid to that day, £1 7s 9d; Law Arnold £4 17s 9d; John Watkins £4 17s 9d; Adam Milbourn £4 17s 9d; and Henry Carker £4 17s 9d. The total for the quarter gunners amounted to £31 6s 5¾d.

The matrosses [junior artillerymen] were Joseph Boswell £4 1s 3d, William Bateman £4 1s 3d, Peter Bath £4 1s 3d, Samuel Clark £4 1s 3d, and Edward Cullimore £4 1s 3d, giving a subtotal of £20 6s 3d.

The cumulative total thus came to £1620 3s 6¼d.

103

99

Brought over £1620 3s 6¼d

Matrosses Brought over £20 6s 3d

John Cadney £4 1s 3d
Derby Coles £4 1s 3d
Wm Campbell transferr’d from 1st Company Feb 14 inclusive £1 17s 5d
Anthony Day £4 1s 3d
Phillip Holland £4 1s 3d
Patrick Hambleton transferr’d from 1st Company Jan 8 inclusive to 23 Feb incl the day he was Discharged £2 0s 11d
Wm Henlow £4 1s 3d
Patrick Murphy £4 1s 3d
Rich Mason transferr’d to 3rd Company 28 Feb incl £2 12s 5d
Wm Ormes £4 1s 3d
Lawrence Beleson £4 1s 3d
John Smith Senr £4 1s 3d
John Smith Junr £4 1s 3d
Jos Thomas to 9 Feb incl as Matross £1 16s 8½d
Do from 10 Feb incl as Quart Gunr £2 9s 3¼d £4 5s 11¾d
Robt Vickars £4 1s 3d
Thos Whitchurch to 7 Jan incl as Matross £0 6s 3d
Do from 8 Jan incl as Quart Gunner £1 1s 0d £1 7s 3d
Jos Horsley transferr’d from 3rd Company 4 March incl £1 8s 10d
John Peters from 23 Feb incl £1 1s 1d
Wm Hillman £4 1s 3d
£87 8s 8¾d

Superannuated

Richard Tinsley Overseer £3 8s 3d
Joseph Whaley Sergeant £3 8s 3d
Wm Burnham Do £3 8s 3d
Francis Funge Armourer £6 0s 7½d
£16 5s 4½d

£1723 17s 7½d

The account continued with the balance brought forward of £1620 3s 6¼d.

The matrosses [junior artillerymen] previously listed totalled £20 6s 3d. To this were added: John Cadney £4 1s 3d, Derby Coles £4 1s 3d, William Campbell, transferred from the first company on 14 February inclusive, £1 17s 5d, Anthony Day £4 1s 3d, Phillip Holland £4 1s 3d, Patrick Hambleton, transferred from the first company on 8 January inclusive to 23 February inclusive, £2 0s 11d, William Henlow £4 1s 3d, Patrick Murphy £4 1s 3d, Richard Mason, transferred to the third company on 28 February inclusive, £2 12s 5d, William Ormes £4 1s 3d, Lawrence Beleson £4 1s 3d, John Smith senior £4 1s 3d, John Smith junior £4 1s 3d, Joseph Thomas, paid £1 16s 8½d to 9 February as matross and £2 9s 3¼d from 10 February inclusive as quarter gunner, totalling £4 5s 11¾d, Robert Vickars £4 1s 3d, Thomas Whitchurch, £0 6s 3d to 7 January as matross and £1 1s from 8 January inclusive as quarter gunner, totalling £1 7s 3d, Joseph Horsley, transferred from the third company on 4 March inclusive, £1 8s 10d, John Peters, from 23 February inclusive, £1 1s 1d, and William Hillman £4 1s 3d.

The total for these payments came to £87 8s 8¾d.

The superannuated men were Richard Tinsley, overseer, £3 8s 3d, Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £3 8s 3d, William Burnham, sergeant, £3 8s 3d, and Francis Funge, armourer, £6 0s 7½d, amounting to £16 5s 4½d.

The cumulative total thus reached £1723 17s 7½d.

104

100

John Clark Paymaster Dr
1749 March 31 To Cash Received from the Honble Companys Cash Chest £1892 2s 7¼d

John Clark, serving as Paymaster, was debited with the amount received from the Honourable Company’s cash chest on 31 March 1749, which totalled £1892 2s 7¼d.

105

101

Per Contra Cr
1749 March 31 By Cash paid for coming Expresses with Accounts of Ships to Windward this Quarter £3 2s 0d
By Do paid the following Persons for ReListing to serve the Honble Company as Soldiers for five Years to commence the 12th day Instant, They having received two pounds two shillings before from Govr Dunbar Vizt
Abram Major £3 3s 0d
Tho Sweet £3 3s 0d
Wm Beckett £3 3s 0d
Samll Ellison £3 3s 0d
John Fletcher £3 3s 0d
Tho Payne £3 3s 0d
Wm Bateman £3 3s 0d
Wm Young £3 3s 0d
£25 1s 0d
By Do paid the following Persons for ReListing to serve the Honble Company as Soldiers for five Years to commence the 12th Instant Vizt
John Marsh £5 5s 0d
Edwd Pickets £5 5s 0d
Wm Enzor £5 5s 0d
Wm Lambon £5 5s 0d
James Peplow £5 5s 0d
Peter Sinnall £5 5s 0d
Bartholomew Motley £5 5s 0d
John Athingstall £5 5s 0d
Baron Delay £5 5s 0d
By Do paid Wm Duffon his allowance for assisting the Surgeon Mr Samuel Falconer in making up Medicines &c in this Quarter £1 5s 3d
By Do paid Joan Worringham senr for 14,600 of Yam at £100 per thousand for use of the Honble Company’s Slaves in this Quarter £21 18s 0d
Carried over £99 15s 3d

The account showed the corresponding credits to balance John Clark’s receipts. On 31 March 1749, cash had been paid out for various purposes during the quarter. A sum of £3 2s 0d was expended for express messengers who brought reports of ships sighted to windward.

Further payments were made to several men for re-enlisting to serve the Honourable Company as soldiers for a further five years, beginning on the twelfth of the same month. Each of these men had previously received £2 2s from Governor Dunbar. They were Abraham Major, Thomas Sweet, William Beckett, Samuel Ellison, John Fletcher, Thomas Payne, William Bateman, and William Young, each receiving £3 3s 0d, amounting together to £25 1s 0d.

Additional payments were made to another group of men who also re-enlisted for five years from the twelfth of the month. These were John Marsh, Edward Pickets, William Enzor, William Lambon, James Peplow, Peter Sinnall, Bartholomew Motley, John Athingstall, and Baron Delay, each receiving £5 5s 0d.

A further £1 5s 3d was paid to William Duffon as his allowance for assisting the surgeon, Mr Samuel Falconer, in preparing medicines and related tasks during the quarter.

In addition, £21 18s 0d was paid to Joan Worringham senior for providing 14,600 yams at the rate of £100 per thousand, intended for the use of the Honourable Company’s slaves during the same quarter.

The total carried forward at this point was £99 15s 3d.

106

102

John Clark Paymaster Dr
Brought over £1892 2s 7¼d

The debit account of John Clark, Paymaster, continued with the balance brought forward, showing a total of £1892 2s 7¼d.

107

103

Per Contra Cr
Brought over £99 15s 3d
1749 March 31 By Cash paid Tho Greentree for 12000 of Yams at £1 10s p Thousand for the use of the Honble Company’s Slaves in this Quarter £18 0s 0d
By Do paid Grant Scange for 5250 of Yams at £1 10s p Thousand for the use of the Honble Company’s Slaves in this Quarter £7 17s 6d
By Do paid Grant Worringham senr for Tallow to make Candles for the use of the Castle in this Quarter £3 10s 0d
By Do paid Wm Hurlock for baking Seventy Eight Batches Bread for the Garrison at 5s p Batch in this Quarter £3 5s 0d
By Do paid Capt Willoughby for baking Sixty Batches Bread for the Garrison at 5s p Batch in this Quarter £2 10s 0d
By Do paid Benjn Thomas for baking Eighteen Batches Bread for the Garrison at 5s p Batch in this Quarter £4 15s 0d
By Do paid Major Jackson for 60 of Tamarine for the use of the Honble Company’s Table in this Quarter £1 10s 0d
By Do paid Moses Menanto for binding two Church Prayer Books in this Quarter £0 6s 0d
By Do paid Jack Bagley for 3 Bushels Potatoes at 3s 6d p Bush & for 175 Lemons at 2s p Hundred for the use of the Honble Company’s Table in this Quarter £1 18s 6d
By Do paid Sundry Persons their Allowances for Rowing in the Pinnace this Quarter £1 10s 0d
By Do paid Capt Grant Cheyne for the use of the Honble Company’s Ship Lascory £12 16s 0d
By Do paid Wm Cook for mending the Pump on the Line in this Quarter £1 11s 0d
By Do paid Wm Combes for 7 days work in the Long Boat in this Quarter £0 7s 0d
By Do paid Anthony Day for 29 Days work in looking after the Honble Company’s Stock &c in the Great Wood at 7½d p day in this Quarter £1 1s 6¾d
By Do paid Wm Oakman being employed as Carpenter in room of Hen Wayer who resign’d ye Honble Company’s service £8 18s 3¼d
By Do paid ye Honble Company’s Officers their Salary, Diet Money &c for the Quarter commencing Janry 1st 1748 and ending March 31st 1749 £1723 17s 2d
£1892 2s 7¼d
Carried over

The credit side of John Clark’s account continued, carrying forward £99 15s 3d. On 31 March 1749 several additional payments were recorded. Thomas Greentree received £18 0s 0d for supplying 12,000 yams at £1 10s per thousand for use by the Honourable Company’s slaves during the quarter. Grant Scange was paid £7 17s 6d for 5,250 yams at the same rate for the same purpose. Grant Worringham senior was paid £3 10s 0d for tallow used in making candles for the Castle.

William Hurlock received £3 5s 0d for baking seventy-eight batches of bread for the garrison at 5 shillings per batch. Captain Willoughby was paid £2 10s 0d for sixty batches, and Benjamin Thomas £4 15s 0d for eighteen batches, each at the same rate. Major Jackson received £1 10s 0d for sixty measures of tamarind supplied for the Honourable Company’s table. Moses Menanto was paid £0 6s 0d for binding two Church Prayer Books. Jack Bagley received £1 18s 6d for three bushels of potatoes at 3s 6d per bushel and 175 lemons at 2s per hundred, all for the Company’s table.

A further £1 10s 0d was distributed among various men as their allowance for rowing the pinnace during the quarter. Captain Grant Cheyne was paid £12 16s 0d for the use of the Honourable Company’s ship Lascory. William Cook received £1 11s 0d for repairing the pump on the line, and William Combes £0 7s 0d for seven days’ work in the long boat. Anthony Day was paid £1 1s 6¾d for twenty-nine days spent tending the Company’s livestock and related duties in the Great Wood at 7½d per day.

William Oakman received £8 18s 3¼d for serving as carpenter in place of Henry Wayer, who had resigned from the Company’s service. The Honourable Company’s officers were then paid £1723 17s 2d for their salaries, diet money, and other entitlements for the quarter beginning 1 January 1748 and ending 31 March 1749.

The total at this stage was £1892 2s 7¼d, carried forward.

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104

Counted & Examined the Honble Companys Cash for the Month of March last which is as follows Vizt

Cash Dr
1748 March 1 To Ballance Remaining £2907 5s 7¼d
31 To Matthew Purling received of him for Store Goods Sold in the Months of January February and March £1000 7s 11½d
To Licences received for Ten Publick Houses £15 0s 0d
£3922 13s 6¾d

Cha: Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The Company’s cash for the month of March 1748 was counted and examined, showing the following balance. On 1 March there remained £2907 5s 7¼d. During the month, a further £1000 7s 11½d was received from Matthew Purling for goods sold from the stores in January, February, and March, together with £15 0s 0d received from licences issued for ten public houses.

This produced a total of £3922 13s 6¾d. The account was signed and verified by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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105

Per Contra Cr
1749 March 27 By Exchange for a Sett of Bills drawn on John Collet payable to the Honble the Court of Directors for Order at Twenty Days after Sight, dated this day £100 0s 0d
28 By Ship Lapwing for so much advanced the Capt for the use of the Ship £12 16s 0d
31 By Sundry Accounts advanced the Paymaster this Quarter £1819 6s 7¼d
By Ballance remaining in the following species Vizt

1½ of Gold Wt 3.18.3 £46 1s 8½d
1 of Do 3.9.12 £13 11s 11½d
64 Venetians at 10s £32 0s 0d
12 Rupees at 30s £18 0s 0d
1700 Pagodas at 8s £680 0s 0d

Gold Amounting to £789 2s 9d
2106 Dollars £526 10s 0d
4563 half Rials at 1s 3¾d £71 5s 11¼d
441 French [illegible] at 1s 2d £3 13s 6d
Odd Money £3 9s 4½d

Silver Amounting to £601 13s 2½d

146 Cash Notes at 40s £292 0s 0d
162 Do at 20s £162 0s 0d
261 Do at 5s £65 5s 0d
160 Do at 2s 6d £20 0s 0d

Cash Notes Amounting to £539 5s 0d
£1930 10s 11½d
£3922 13s 6¾d

The corresponding credit side of the Company’s March 1749 cash account recorded the following. On 27 March, £100 0s 0d was entered for a set of bills of exchange drawn upon John Collet, payable to the Honourable Court of Directors or their order twenty days after sight, dated that day. On 28 March, £12 16s 0d was advanced to the captain of the ship Lapwing for the use of the vessel. On 31 March, £1819 6s 7¼d was advanced to the Paymaster under various accounts for that quarter.

The remaining balance was held in several forms of currency. Gold comprised one and a half pieces weighing 3.18.3, valued at £46 1s 8½d, and one further piece weighing 3.9.12, valued at £13 11s 11½d; sixty-four Venetian coins at 10s each, £32 0s 0d; twelve rupees at 30s, £18 0s 0d; and 1,700 pagodas at 8s each, £680 0s 0d. Altogether, the gold amounted to £789 2s 9d.

The silver comprised 2,106 dollars valued at £526 10s 0d; 4,563 half rials at 1s 3¾d each, £71 5s 11¼d; and 441 French coins [illegible] at 1s 2d each, £3 13s 6d; together with odd money of £3 9s 4½d, bringing the total silver value to £601 13s 2½d.

In addition, cash notes were held as follows: 146 notes at 40s, £292 0s 0d; 162 notes at 20s, £162 0s 0d; 261 notes at 5s, £65 5s 0d; and 160 notes at 2s 6d, £20 0s 0d, making a total of £539 5s 0d in notes.

The combined value of all species was £1930 10s 11½d. Together with the other entries, this equalled £3922 13s 6¾d, balancing the account.

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106

At a Consultation held on Monday the 24th day of April 1749 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esqr Govr
Capt David Hunter Lt Govr
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed
Friday the 21 Arrived the Prince of Wales Capt John Pelly from China
Saturday the 22 Arrived the Duke of Dorset Capt Tho Twopenny from China
Sunday the 23 Arrived a Swede Ship from China called the Hope Capt Frederick Eclrown Burthen 520 Tons 120 Men & 28 Guns loaded with Tea China Ware Silks &c bound to Gottenburg

The Prince of Wales and Duke of Dorset brought Us the following Supply Vizt

Invoice Ship Prince of Wales

No 1
China Ware Vizt
Bowls blue & white 50 at 3s 50 - 7½d £6 2s 5d
Cups & Saucers 50 - 2½d £1 2s 5d

No 1
Tea Bohea 1 Chest wt 1 pecul £6 2s 5d

No 2, 3
Tea Congo 2 Chests wt 1 pecul £14 0s 0d

No 1 a 6
Sugar Candy 6 Chests weight Nett P C & S 13.56 a £9 4s £54 2s 4d

No 1 a 6
Sugar 6 Chests weight Nett 14.79 a £3.2 £47 3s 2d
12 Chests do 2 peculs £4 8s 0d

Sales £114 6s 1¾d

Errors Excepted
Canton January 15th 1748
S. Harrison
Henry Parsons

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 24 April 1749. Present were Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

On Friday the 21st, the Prince of Wales, Captain John Pelly, arrived from China. The following day, Saturday the 22nd, the Duke of Dorset, Captain Thomas Twopenny, also arrived from China. On Sunday the 23rd, a Swedish ship named the Hope, Captain Frederick Eclrown, arrived from China. She was of 520 tons burden, carried 120 men and 28 guns, and was laden with tea, Chinese porcelain, silks, and other goods, bound for Gothenburg.

The Prince of Wales and Duke of Dorset delivered a supply for the Honourable Company as follows.

Invoice of the ship Prince of Wales:
No. 1 – China ware, namely 50 blue and white bowls priced at 3s 50 - 7½d, totalling £6 2s 5d; and 50 cups and saucers at 2½d, amounting to £1 2s 5d.
No. 1 – One chest of Bohea tea weighing one pecul, valued at £6 2s 5d.
Nos. 2 and 3 – Two chests of Congo tea weighing one pecul, valued together at £14 0s 0d.
Nos. 1 to 6 – Six chests of sugar candy weighing net 13.56 peculs at £9 4s per pecul, totalling £54 2s 4d.
Nos. 1 to 6 – Six chests of sugar weighing net 14.79 peculs at £3.2 per pecul, totalling £47 3s 2d. In addition, twelve chests weighing two peculs were valued at £4 8s 0d.

The total sales value amounted to £114 6s 1¾d, with the note “Errors excepted”. The invoice was dated at Canton, 15 January 1748, and signed by S. Harrison and Henry Parsons.

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107

Invoice Ship Duke of Dorset

No 1
China Ware 1 Chest Vizt
5 Quart Bowls Blue & White at £0 8s £4 0s 0d
5 Bowls of 2 Quarts Gold Colour at £0 2s £1 0s 0d
5 Do of 3 Quarts Blue & White at £0 3s £1 5s 0d
15 Soup Plates Blue & White at £0 3s £7 5s 0d
50 Inchers Enamelled at £0 4s £2 0s 0d
3 Gugglets Glaz’d Brown at £0 3s £0 9s 0d
5 Sets of Dishes & Plates Blue & White 2 Dozen & 12 at £1 1s £5 5s 0d
£11 5s 5d

No 2, 3, 4, 5
Congo Tea 4 Boxes Wt 786⅓ Grosse Tare 10 Pack 53⅓
133⅓ is one Pecul at £20 0s 0d

No 6
Singlo Tea 1 Chest Wt 173 Grosse Tare 35 Pecul 1.38 at £16.3 at £22.2 £22 8s 6d

No 7
Tea Bohea 1 Chest Wt 195 Grosse Tare 35 Pecul 1.60 at £14 £16 2s 0d

No 15, 8
Sugar 15 Chests Wt 2167 Grosse Tare 213 Pecul 1954 at 14.65 at £3.2 £46 8s 8d

No 16, 15, 8c
Sugar Candy 15 Chests Wt 2523 Grosse Tare 205 Pecul 2318 at 17.38 at £4 £69 5s 2d

Boxes Packing the Sugar & Sugar Candy £2 4s 4d

Canton Janry 9th 1749

Errors Excepted

Sales £195 0s 3½d

James Webb
John Burrow
Thos Andrews
Sam Hegrant
Wm Leed

The invoice from the ship Duke of Dorset listed the following goods.

No. 1 – One chest of China ware containing: five blue and white quart bowls at 8s each, £4 0s 0d; five gold-coloured bowls of two quarts each at 2s, £1 0s 0d; five blue and white bowls of three quarts each at 3s, £1 5s 0d; fifteen blue and white soup plates at 3s, £7 5s 0d; fifty enamelled inchers at 4s, £2 0s 0d; three glazed brown gugglets [water jugs] at 3s, £0 9s 0d; and five sets of blue and white dishes and plates, consisting of two dozen and twelve pieces, at £1 1s, totalling £5 5s 0d. The total value for this chest was £11 5s 5d.

Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5 – Four boxes of Congo tea weighing 786⅓ gross, tare 10, pack 53⅓; with 133⅓ making one pecul, valued at £20 0s 0d.

No. 6 – One chest of Singlo tea weighing 173 gross, tare 35, amounting to 1.38 peculs, valued at £22 8s 6d at the rate of £16.3 per pecul.

No. 7 – One chest of Bohea tea weighing 195 gross, tare 35, equal to 1.60 peculs at £14 per pecul, amounting to £16 2s 0d.

Nos. 15 and 8 – Fifteen chests of sugar weighing 2167 gross, tare 213, equal to 1954 net or 14.65 peculs, valued at £3.2 per pecul, totalling £46 8s 8d.

Nos. 16, 15, and 8c – Fifteen chests of sugar candy weighing 2523 gross, tare 205, equal to 2318 net or 17.38 peculs, valued at £4 per pecul, amounting to £69 5s 2d.

An additional £2 4s 4d was charged for the boxes and packing of the sugar and sugar candy.

The invoice was dated Canton, 9 January 1749, and marked “Errors excepted”. The total sales value was £195 0s 3½d, signed by James Webb, John Burrow, Thomas Andrews, Samuel Hegrant, and William Leed.

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108

The Ship Duke of Dorset having touched at the Honble Companys Settlements outward Bound Lieut Clark went on Board to Muster her Company & search for Deserters but found none, the Muster Roll is as follows Vizt

Muster Roll of Ship Duke of Dorset

Tho Twopenny Commander
John Slater 1st Mate
Wm Brown 2d Do
Jn Angus 3d Do
Wm Webster 4th Do
Peter Simpson 5th Do
Wm Warne Surgeon
Wm White Carpenter
Rich Gillert Boatswain
Wm Graham Gunner
Jas Daniel Caulker
Tho Carter Cooper
Tho Dane Ship Steward
Cha Clark Midshipman
Josh Clark Do
Matw Mann Do
Cha Walford Do
Tho Wallis 6th Capt’s Mate
Cha Spackman 2d Do
Fran Garrett Caulker’s Do
Ja Phillips Boatswain’s Do
Adam Capt 2d Do
Ths Marquand Surgeon’s Do
Ths Shell Gunner’s Do
Ths Seyfeld Cooper’s Do
Dan Fladwell Ship Steward’s Do
John Condick Capt’s Do
Thos Maddock Do
Ths Lawley Armourer
David Lilley Sailmaker
Jo Hall Quarter Master
John Ramey Do
Nichol Tuckman Do
Jn Blattenwick Do
Jas Hill Taylor
John Brain Seaman
John Hall Do
Wm Bentem Do
Sam E Riles Do
Cult Marshall Do
Robt Walton Do
John Wooden Do
Ferdinand Morain Do
John Cline Do
Isaac Garnett Do
Wm Biggott Do
Wm Cook Shants Do
Wm Plate Do
Wm Searly Do
Alexandr Shaw Do
John Carvan Do
John Welch Do
Alexander Joel Do
Ths Aukenleg Do
Wm Cummings Do
Steward John Jameson Do
Ths Young Seaman
Cha Henderson Do
John Matthews Do
James Clarke Do
John Dudsdall Do
Ths Hagues Do
Wm Garhouse Do
George Peterson Do
George Bradley Do
Cha McCash Do
Cha Lortchisu Do
Ths Snedock folt Do
John Elder Do
John Eikeman Do
Clause Stevens Do
Rich Banton Do
Susan Mulles Do
Vissalt Capt Do
Jos Berry Do
John Tollerson Do
Paul Peter Do
Jas Wallace Do
Jas Newburg Do
Jas Burns Do
George Knight Do
Clause Aldenck Do
Peter Carvan Do
John [unclear] Do

When the ship Duke of Dorset called at the Honourable Company’s settlements on her outward voyage, Lieutenant John Clark went on board to muster the crew and to search for any deserters. None were found. The muster roll of the Duke of Dorset was recorded as follows.

Thomas Twopenny, commander.
John Slater, first mate; William Brown, second mate; John Angus, third mate; William Webster, fourth mate; Peter Simpson, fifth mate.
William Warne, surgeon; William White, carpenter; Richard Gillert, boatswain; William Graham, gunner; James Daniel, caulker; Thomas Carter, cooper; Thomas Dane, ship’s steward.
Charles Clark, Joshua Clark, Matthew Mann, and Charles Walford, all midshipmen.
Thomas Wallis, sixth captain’s mate; Charles Spackman, second mate; Francis Garrett, caulker’s mate; James Phillips, boatswain’s mate; Adam Capt, second mate; Thomas Marquand, surgeon’s mate; Thomas Shell, gunner’s mate; Thomas Seyfeld, cooper’s mate; Daniel Fladwell, ship steward’s mate; John Condick and Thomas Maddock, captain’s mates.
Thomas Lawley, armourer; David Lilley, sailmaker; Joseph Hall, John Ramey, Nicholas Tuckman, and John Blattenwick, quarter masters.
James Hill, tailor.

The following were seamen: John Brain, John Hall, William Bentem, Samuel E. Riles, Cult Marshall, Robert Walton, John Wooden, Ferdinand Morain, John Cline, Isaac Garnett, William Biggott, William Cook Shants, William Plate, William Searly, Alexander Shaw, John Carvan, John Welch, Alexander Joel, Thomas Aukenleg, William Cummings, Steward John Jameson, Thomas Young, Charles Henderson, John Matthews, James Clarke, John Dudsdall, Thomas Hagues, William Garhouse, George Peterson, George Bradley, Charles McCash, Charles Lortchisu, Thomas Snedock folt, John Elder, John Eikeman, Clause Stevens, Richard Banton, Susan Mulles, Vissalt Capt, Joseph Berry, John Tollerson, Paul Peter, James Wallace, James Newburg, James Burns, George Knight, Clause Aldenck, Peter Carvan, and John [unclear].

This list comprised the complete muster of officers and crew present aboard the Duke of Dorset when inspected.

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109

Tho Clement Seaman
Edward Leech Do
Christopher Labott Do
Andrew Ooo Do
Lenoard Bunton Do
Arngey Welden Do
Volgard Hanse Do
Henry Colarson Seaman
Benjn Smith Mates Servant
Tho Lane 2d Do
John Smith Carpenters Do
Tho Sharples Boatswains Do
Tho Wakeling Gunners Do
And Graham Doctors Do
Ths Dover Capt Servant
John Fleury Bottswain
Sam Warson Supercargoes Do
Tho Sandys Do
Wm Leed Do
Jn Prince Supercargoes Servant
John Bovell Do

The Accomptant brought in his Journal Parcels for the Quarter ending the 31 March last which were Examined and approved and Ordered to be Entered.

Cha Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 26th day of April 1749 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour
Capt David Hunter Lt Govr
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Mr Konig the chief Supercargo of the Swede Ship this day delivered as the Effects of Benjamin Benthy Carpenter Mate of the Honble Company Ship Duke of Newcastle who being ill at Princes Island desired to Return in their Ship & was accordingly taken on board but died soon after they got to Sea, his Effects are Vizt
1 Rug Coat
1 Close Bodied Coat
1 Shirt
in Cash £1 3s 5d
The Cloaths we Ordered to be Sold

The muster roll of the Duke of Dorset continued with the following men recorded as seamen: Thomas Clement, Edward Leech, Christopher Labott, Andrew Ooo, Leonard Bunton, Arngey Welden, Volgard Hanse, and Henry Colarson. Benjamin Smith was listed as the mate’s servant, Thomas Lane as the second mate’s servant, John Smith as the carpenter’s servant, Thomas Sharples as the boatswain’s servant, Thomas Wakeling as the gunner’s servant, and Andrew Graham as the doctor’s servant. Thomas Dover served as the captain’s servant.

John Fleury was boatswain to the supercargoes, assisted by Samuel Warson, Thomas Sandys, and William Leed. John Prince was the supercargoes’ servant, and John Bovell was also in their service.

The accountant then presented his journal parcels for the quarter ending 31 March, which were examined, approved, and directed to be entered. The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A further consultation was held at the Castle on Wednesday 26 April 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

On that occasion, Mr Konig, chief supercargo of the Swedish ship, presented the effects belonging to Benjamin Benthy, carpenter’s mate of the Honourable Company’s ship Duke of Newcastle. Benthy had fallen ill at Prince’s Island and had requested to return home in the Swedish vessel, but he died soon after they had put to sea. His belongings consisted of one rug coat, one close-bodied coat, one shirt, and £1 3s 5d in cash. The clothing was directed to be sold.

114

110

Sold at Publick Auction which amounted to £9 both which sums amounting to £12 5s were this day paid into the Honourable Companys Cash

Mr Matthew Purling applyed to Us for liberty to pay £178 1s 6d into the Honourable Companys Cash here We have received it & given him Bills drawn on the Honble Court of Directors dated this day payable to himself or Order Ninety Days after Sight

Tho Storekeeper Delivered the following Account of Goods Short Delivered from Ship Prince of Wales & Duke of Dorset

Account of Stores Short received from the Prince of Wales & Duke of Dorset Vizt
from the Prince of Wales Vizt
one Saucer broke
42 Candy short weight
23 Sugar short weight

from the Duke of Dorset Vizt
3 Bowls
2 Punchers broke
2 Dishes
5 Plates
20 Sugar short weight
73 Candy short weight
1 Box Congo Tea short delivered

April 26th 1749
p M. Purling Storekeeper

The clothing belonging to Benjamin Benthy was sold at public auction for £9. Together with the £3 5s already held in cash, the total amount of £12 5s was paid into the Honourable Company’s treasury that day.

Mr Matthew Purling then applied for permission to pay £178 1s 6d into the Company’s cash account on the island. The sum was received, and bills were issued to him, drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors and dated that day, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight.

The storekeeper, Mr Purling, also submitted an account showing goods that had been short delivered from the ships Prince of Wales and Duke of Dorset. From the Prince of Wales, there was one saucer broken, forty-two units of sugar candy short of weight, and twenty-three of sugar short of weight. From the Duke of Dorset, there were three bowls and two punchers [punch bowls] broken, two dishes and five plates missing, twenty of sugar short weight, seventy-three of sugar candy short weight, and one box of Congo tea not delivered.

This account was dated 26 April 1749 and signed by M. Purling, storekeeper.

115

111

1749

Recd and of Captain Thomas Twopenny twelve Hundred three Quarters and Eighteen pounds of Rice, at Ten Shillings and Eight pence pr Hundred, for the Use of the Honourable Companys Slaves.

Cha Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 1st day of May 1749 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour
Capt David Hunter Lieut Governour
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Thursday the 27th of April Departed the Hope a Swed Ship
Friday the 28th Do Arrived the Sweden a Swed Ship from China Capt Leckman Burthen about Five Hundred and Twenty Tons, One Hundred & Twelve Men & Twenty two Guns, Loaded with Tea China Ware & Silks, bound to Gottenburg
Sunday the 30th Do Departed the Princes of Wales & Duke of Dorset for England
This day Departed the Freeden a Swed Ship

Cha Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

In 1749, a receipt was recorded acknowledging that Captain Thomas Twopenny had delivered one thousand, three quarters, and eighteen pounds of rice at the rate of ten shillings and eight pence per hundredweight for the use of the Honourable Company’s slaves. The receipt was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 1 May 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Thursday 27 April the Hope, a Swedish ship, had departed. On Friday 28 April another Swedish ship, the Sweden, Captain Leckman, arrived from China. She was of about 520 tons burden, carried 112 men and 22 guns, and was laden with tea, Chinese porcelain, and silks, bound for Gothenburg. On Sunday 30 April the Prince of Wales and Duke of Dorset departed for England, and on that same day the Freeden, another Swedish vessel, also departed.

The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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112

At a Consultation held on Monday the 8th day of May 1749 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esqr Govr
Capt David Hunter Lt Govr
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Sunday the 7th Do Died George Son of John Bagley
Arrived the Oxford Capt Phillip Sadell from Bombay and brought us the following Supply Vizt

Invoice of Ship Oxford

Surat Piece Goods Chelloes blue
Surat 9 Vees 2 Bales of 200 ft 18 2/16 long 1 1/8 broad at 7 8 Rs ft 20 pieces 780 - -
Charges at Surat Vizt
Customs & Rent 15 2 40
Packing 15 - -
Boat Cooly hire 1 - -
31 2 40
811 2 40

Rice Beaten 2 bags of 60 ft M @ 3 50 of Rs 52 2 -
Batty 9 bags of 18 Par ba Rs 25 of Mo 18 - -
Bombay Arrack 2 Butts of 48 @ 2 ft Gallon 12 4 -

Carried over Rs 1006 10 -

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 8 May 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Sunday 7 May George, the son of John Bagley, had died. On the same day, the ship Oxford, Captain Phillip Sadell, arrived from Bombay bringing a supply of goods.

The invoice of the ship Oxford listed the following: Surat piece goods described as blue chelloes, comprising nine vees and two bales measuring 200 feet, 18 2/16 long, and 1 1/8 broad, priced at 7 rupees and 8 annas per foot, totalling twenty pieces at Rs 780.

Charges at Surat included customs and rent Rs 15 2 40, packing Rs 15, and boat cooly [porterage] hire Rs 1, amounting to Rs 31 2 40, bringing the total to Rs 811 2 40.

Further items were two bags of beaten rice, each of 60 feet measure, at Rs 3 50, making Rs 52 2; nine bags of batty [unhusked rice] of 18 par measure at Rs 25, making Rs 18; and two butts of Bombay arrack, each of 48 gallons at Rs 2 per gallon, Rs 12 4.

The subtotal carried forward at this point was Rs 1006 10.

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113

Charges Vizt
Brought over Rs 1006 40
Repackg & Washing 1 Bale Chelloes is 8 3 39
Gunny Pieces 12½ for Rice bags @ Rs 1 5 ft 3 50
Ditty Bags 9 for Do @ 3 6 1 60
Gunny Bags 18 for Batty 26 off 5 1 60
Tunne Tar & Nails for the Rice & Arrack Butts 3 77
Cooley hire & Hamallage 20 1 2 85
46 3 11
Rupees 1052 3 51

Errors Excepted
p I Sewell Accompt

William Young Soldier in the first Company was missing on Sunday last, and not being yet heard off, is supposed to be deserted in the Prince of Wales or Duke of Dorset which sailed that day

Lieutenant Clark reports that he has been on board the ship Oxford to muster her company and search for deserters, but found none. The muster roll is as follows Vizt

The charges continued as follows, the total brought forward being Rs 1006 40. Additional expenses included repacking and washing one bale of chelloes Rs 8 3 39; gunny [coarse jute] pieces, twelve and a half, used for rice bags at Rs 1 5 per piece, Rs 3 50; ditty bags [small canvas bags] nine in number for the same purpose at Rs 3 6, Rs 1 60; gunny bags eighteen for batty, twenty-six off, Rs 5 1 60; tar and nails for sealing the rice and arrack butts Rs 3 77; and cooley [porter] hire and hamallage [handling charges] Rs 20 1 2 85. These charges together amounted to Rs 46 3 11.

The final total was therefore Rs 1052 3 51, marked “Errors excepted”, signed by I. Sewell, accountant.

It was then recorded that William Young, a soldier of the First Company, had been missing since the previous Sunday. As nothing had been heard of him, it was supposed that he had deserted in one of the ships Prince of Wales or Duke of Dorset, which had both sailed that day.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had gone on board the ship Oxford to muster her company and to search for deserters but had found none. The muster roll of the Oxford followed.

118

114

Muster Roll of Ship Oxford

Phillip Sadell Commander
Benj Godfrey 1st Mate
Robt Baker 2d Do
Christy Oliphant 3d Do
Rich Brower 4th Do
John Markborne 5th Do
John Warmbin Surgeon
Tho Woodd Mate’s Do
Tho Robinson Gunner
Tho White Carpenter
David Upkiston Boatsw’n
Wm Sead Ship Steward
John Williamson Capt Do
Jn Clerk Gunner’s Mate
Jn Germain Carp’s Do
John Todd Boatsw’n’s Do
Anthn Gilston Midshipman
John Pontaille Do
Martin Brightson Do
John Wright Do
Robt Hickman Do
Saml Obrion Do
George Brunet Quarter Mast Do
George Robinson Do
John Moore Do
John Gorage Do
Alexandr Dunge Do
Saml Sterling Do
Jn Sainsbury Butcher
Thom Sheppard Capt Cook
Jacob Decoding Ship’s Cook
N Johnson Sailmaker
Cha Loney Taylor
Tho Powell Do
John Duffen Do
Wm Love Do
Wm Thornton Do
Wm Groves Do
Alexandr Harvey Do
Marc Veal Do
Rich Burk Do
Ed George Do
John Holloway Do
John Henmer Do
Wm Armstead Do
Isaac Jeffreys Do
Alexandr Scott Do
David Cashell Do
Daniel Clarey Do
Hendrick Crouse Do
Tho Jenkinson Mate’s Son Do
Wm Williams Do
Ja Scott Boatsw’n’s Do
Wm Joy Armourer
Danl Levitfaultner
Philp Thompson
Jos Seller
Danl Wilmot
Danl Wheeler
Rich Atherly
John Lewis
Henry Simmons
Fran Horner Cooper
Jasper Deva Cruz

Passengers
Mr Frazier
Mr Sayer
Miss Nancy Owen
Mrs Lewis
3 Children
2 Black Boys and 2 Do Girls belonging to the above Passengers

The muster roll of the ship Oxford recorded the following officers, crew, and passengers.

Phillip Sadell, commander.
Benjamin Godfrey, first mate; Robert Baker, second mate; Christy Oliphant, third mate; Richard Brower, fourth mate; and John Markborne, fifth mate. John Warmbin served as surgeon, assisted by Thomas Woodd, mate’s servant. Thomas Robinson was gunner; Thomas White, carpenter; and David Upkiston, boatswain. William Sead acted as ship’s steward, and John Williamson as the captain’s steward.

John Clerk was gunner’s mate; John Germain, carpenter’s mate; and John Todd, boatswain’s mate. The midshipmen were Anthony Gilston, John Pontaille, Martin Brightson, John Wright, Robert Hickman, and Samuel O’Brien. The quarter masters were George Brunet, George Robinson, John Moore, John Gorage, Alexander Dunge, and Samuel Sterling. John Sainsbury served as butcher, Thomas Sheppard as the captain’s cook, and Jacob Decoding as ship’s cook.

N. Johnson was sailmaker. Charles Loney and Thomas Powell were tailors, together with John Duffen, William Love, William Thornton, William Groves, Alexander Harvey, Marc Veal, Richard Burk, Edward George, John Holloway, John Henmer, William Armstead, Isaac Jeffreys, Alexander Scott, David Cashell, Daniel Clarey, Hendrick Crouse, Thomas Jenkinson (mate’s son), William Williams, and James Scott (boatswain’s mate). William Joy was armourer.

The list of remaining seamen included Daniel Levitfaultner, Philip Thompson, Joseph Seller, Daniel Wilmot, Daniel Wheeler, Richard Atherly, John Lewis, Henry Simmons, Francis Horner (cooper), and Jasper Deva Cruz.

Passengers were Mr Frazier, Mr Sayer, Miss Nancy Owen, Mrs Lewis, three children, and two black boys and two black girls belonging to the same passengers.

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115

1749

The Plantation Gunners & Steward Accot for the Month of Apl last were this day

brought in which were Examd & Approved, & are as follows Vizt

Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of April 1749

Neat Cattle Sheep Goats Hogs Poultry Horses

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Sheats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining the 1: 4 Bulls, 87 Cows, 39 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 35 Heifers, 25 Steers, 6 Oxen, 212 Total, 102 Ewes, 20 Wethers, 73 Lambs, 4 Rams, 199 Total, 93 Ewes, 37 Wethers, 15 Kids, 5 Rams, 150 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 10 Sheats, 1 Piggs, 1 Boars, 18 Total, 34 Turkeys, 193 Fowls, 16 Ducks, 19 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Encreased: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 11 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 11 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 8 Lambs, 0 Rams, 8 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 12 Turkeys, 50 Fowls, 3 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

4 Bulls, 87 Cows, 50 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 35 Heifers, 25 Steers, 6 Oxen, 223 Total, 102 Ewes, 20 Wethers, 81 Lambs, 4 Rams, 207 Total, 93 Ewes, 37 Wethers, 15 Kids, 5 Rams, 150 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 10 Sheats, 1 Piggs, 1 Boars, 18 Total, 46 Turkeys, 243 Fowls, 19 Ducks, 19 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Killed: 0 Bulls, 2 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 6 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 8 Total, 3 Ewes, 1 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 4 Total, 5 Ewes, 3 Wethers, 5 Kids, 0 Rams, 13 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 2 Turkeys, 14 Fowls, 11 Ducks, 1 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Died: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 3 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 3 Lambs, 0 Rams, 3 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 6 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Killed by Dogs: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 1 Ewes, 1 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 2 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 0 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Remg the 30: 4 Bulls, 85 Cows, 50 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 35 Heifers, 19 Steers, 6 Oxen, 215 Total, 99 Ewes, 20 Wethers, 77 Lambs, 4 Rams, 200 Total, 87 Ewes, 33 Wethers, 10 Kids, 5 Rams, 135 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 10 Sheats, 1 Piggs, 1 Boars, 18 Total, 44 Turkeys, 223 Fowls, 8 Ducks, 18 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Beef to the Hardwicke

560

Beef to the Scarborough

560

Beef to the Prince of Wales

560

Beef to the Duke of Dorset

560

2240

Yams Expended of the Honble Companys

23.000

[Signed] David Hunter

The plantation, gunner's and steward's accounts for the month of April last were this day brought in, which were examined and approved, and are as follows.

Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of April 1749.

Neat cattle, remaining the 1st: bulls 4, cows 87, calves 39, yearlings 16, heifers 35, steers 25, oxen 6, total 212

Sheep, remaining the 1st: ewes 102, wethers 20, lambs 73, rams 4, total 199

Goats, remaining the 1st: ewes 93, wethers 37, kids 15, rams 5, total 150

Hogs, remaining the 1st: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 10, pigs 1, boars 1, total 18

Poultry, remaining the 1st: turkeys 34, fowls 193, ducks 16, geese 19, total 262

Horses, remaining the 1st: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Increased, neat cattle: calves 11, total 11

Increased, sheep: lambs 8, total 8

Increased, poultry: fowls 50, ducks 3, total 53

Neat cattle: bulls 4, cows 87, calves 50, yearlings 16, heifers 35, steers 25, oxen 6, total 223

Sheep: ewes 102, wethers 20, lambs 81, rams 4, total 207

Goats: ewes 93, wethers 37, kids 15, rams 5, total 150

Hogs: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 10, pigs 1, boars 1, total 18

Poultry: turkeys 46, fowls 243, ducks 19, geese 19, total 327

Horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Killed, neat cattle: cows 2, oxen 6, total 8

Killed, sheep: wethers 3, rams 1, total 4

Killed, goats: ewes 5, wethers 3, kids 5, total 13

Killed, poultry: turkeys 2, fowls 14, ducks 11, geese 1, total 1

Died, sheep: wethers 3, total 3

Died, poultry: fowls 6, total 6

Killed by dogs, goats: kids 1, rams 1, total 2

Remaining the 30th, neat cattle: bulls 4, cows 85, calves 50, yearlings 16, heifers 35, steers 19, oxen 6, total 215

Remaining the 30th, sheep: ewes 99, wethers 20, lambs 77, rams 4, total 200

Remaining the 30th, goats: ewes 87, wethers 33, kids 10, rams 5, total 135

Remaining the 30th, hogs: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 10, pigs 1, boars 1, total 18

Remaining the 30th, poultry: turkeys 44, fowls 223, ducks 8, geese 18, total 293

Remaining the 30th, horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

The month's issues of meat and stock ran as follows.

Beef to the Hardwicke, 560 lb

Beef to the Scarborough, 560 lb

Beef to the Prince of Wales, 560 lb

Beef to the Duke of Dorset, 560 lb

total beef, 2,240 lb

Yams expended of the Honourable Company, 23,000 lb

The account subscribed by David Hunter.

Interpretations

This is the stock account for April 1749, following on from March, the herds and flocks mustered by class and age with the month's increase, killings, deaths and losses to dogs set against the opening and closing totals. The neat cattle held near steady, closing at 215 after eight beasts killed against a strong calving of eleven, and the sheep at 200 on eight lambs, the flocks carried through the early autumn as the shipping season opened and the beef sales began.

The goats fell sharply from 150 to 135, thirteen killed for the table and two taken by dogs, the loss to dogs a standing hazard of the ranges that ran through the whole record, the wild and stray dogs of the island preying on the kids among the rocks. The poultry rose on the spring hatching to a peak of 327 before the killings and the yard's own losses drew it back to 293, the fowls and ducks bred up as the season allowed.

The victualling of the shipping is the chief draw on the herd, and this month it comes in force, four ships each taking 560 lb of beef, the Hardwicke, the Scarborough, the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Dorset, the homeward fleet gathering in the road and drawing 2,240 lb of beef together from the Company's cattle. The equal charge to each ship marks the settled charter-party allowance the island supplied to the Company's homeward Indiamen, the fleet victualled for the passage in a single month after the quiet winter. The yams stand at 23,000 lb expended of the Company's own with none entered as bought, a mark of the drought easing as the autumn came on and the Company's own ground yielding enough at last to feed its slaves and stock without buying of the planters, David Hunter subscribing the account as husband.

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116

May

Gunners Stores Expended in April 1749

Guns fired to 9, to 4, to 2, to 1, Powder Expended

4 Alarm: 6 to 9, 0 to 4, 4 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

Do the Alarm Doubled: 3 to 9, 0 to 4, 2 to 2, 0 to 1, 1 6½ Powder Expended

Do Arrived ½ Scarborough Capt D'Auvergne & ½ Hardwicke

Capt Samson: 18 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 18 to 1, 18 Powder Expended

Do Departed two Dane Ships: 18 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 18 to 1, 18 Powder Expended

6 Powder to James Long: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, ½ Powder Expended

7 A Double Alarm for two Ships that went by: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 6 to 2, 0 to 1, 3 10½ Powder Expended

Do Fired to Salute one of the said Ships: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 9 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

Do Departed the Scarborough Capt D'Auvergne &

the Hardwicke Capt Samson: 18 to 9, 0 to 4, 2 1, 15 to 1, 23 Powder Expended

11 Powder for Scaling the Guns at Turks Cap: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

21 Alarm: 6 to 9, 0 to 4, 4 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

22 Arrived the Prince of Wales Capt Pelly: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 9 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

Do Alarm: 6 to 9, 0 to 4, 4 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Duke of Dorset Capt Frognall: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 9 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

23 Alarm: 6 to 9, 0 to 4, 4 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived a Sweed Ship: 8 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 8 to 1, 8 Powder Expended

Do Fired at Bankes to bring the Sweed Ship too: 1 1 to 9, 1 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 7 Powder Expended

25 Alarm for a Ship that went by: 6 to 9, 0 to 4, 4 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

27 Departed a Sweed Ship: 16 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 16 to 1, 10 Powder Expended

29 Alarm: 6 to 9, 0 to 4, 4 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived a Sweed Ship: 8 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 8 to 1, 8 Powder Expended

Powder for Priming at the Main Fort: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 18 Powder Expended

Powder for Signals: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 Powder Expended

Total: 162 1 to 9, 1 to 4, 34 1, 40 to 1, 16 25 4½ Powder Expended

Paper for the Governour

2 Quire

Budge Barrel Broke

1

Match Burnt at the Main Fort

7

Match Burnt at Bankes

7

Tallow for Greasing the Gun Carriages at the Main Fort

Mundens Point, Ruperts, Bankes, & the Flagstaff at Ruperts

20

1 old Gin and Gin Block at Ruperts

1

[Signed] John French

Sundrys

Gunner's stores expended in April 1749, entered by the day of the month, with the guns fired graded by bore and the powder expended against each occasion.

1st, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

1st, the alarm doubled: 3 guns to 9, 2 guns to 4, powder 1 lb, 6¼ lb

1st, arrived the Scarborough, Captain D'Auvergne, and the Hardwicke, Captain Samson: 18 guns to 9, powder 18 lb, 18 lb

1st, departed two Dane ships: 18 guns to 9, powder 18 lb, 18 lb

6th, powder to James Long, powder ¼ lb

7th, a double alarm for two ships that went by: 9 guns to 9, 6 guns to 4, powder 3 lb, 19¼ lb

7th, fired to salute one of the ships: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

7th, departed the Scarborough, Captain D'Auvergne, and the Hardwicke, Captain Samson: 18 guns to 9, powder 2 lb, 1 lb, 15 lb, 23 lb

11th, powder for scaling the guns at Turk's Cap, powder 9 lb

21st, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

22nd, arrived the Prince of Wales, Captain Polly: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

22nd, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

22nd, arrived the Duke of Dorset, Captain Frognall: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

23rd, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

23rd, arrived a Swede ship: 8 guns to 9, powder 8 lb, 8 lb

23rd, fired at Banks's to bring the Swede ship to: 1 gun to 9, 1 gun to 4, 1 gun to 2, powder 7 lb

25th, alarm for a ship that went by: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

25th, departed a Swede ship: 16 guns to 9, powder 16 lb, 10 lb

22nd, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

22nd, arrived a Swede ship: 8 guns to 9, powder 8 lb, 8 lb

powder for priming at the main Fort, powder 18 lb

powder for signals, powder 2 lb

total: 162 guns to 9, 1 gun to 4, 1 gun to 2, 34 guns to 4, 1 gun to 2, 40 guns to 2, 16 guns, powder 258½ lb

The other stores expended in the month.

1 quire of paper, for the Governor

1 budge barrel broke

7 match burnt at the main Fort

7 match burnt at Banks's

20 lb of tallow, for greasing the gun carriages at the main Fort, Munden's Point, Rupert's, Banks's and the flagstaff at Rupert's

1 old gun and gun block at Rupert's

The account subscribed by John French.

Interpretations

The gunner's account for April 1749 is far the busiest month in this stretch, 258½ lb of powder expended against the 116¾ of March, the firing driven by the homeward fleet gathering in the road and a run of Swedish ships passing along the coast. The Scarborough and the Hardwicke came in and sailed within the week, the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Dorset arrived on the same day, and three Swedish ships were saluted, brought to and sped, each answered with an alarm before it could be named and a salute of guns once it proved friendly.

The double firing and the guns from Banks's to bring the Swedish ship to show the outlying batteries working with the main fort, the alarm taken up along the coast as a sail was sighted and a shot thrown across a stranger's bows to make her heave to and show her colours. The season had turned and the road filled after the quiet winter, the powder spent on ceremony and signal climbing steeply as the shipping came in, though the war was over and not a gun was fired in earnest, the whole expenditure salutes, alarms and the scaling of the guns to clean their bores at Turk's Cap.

The stores below the powder are the wear of the guns and their gear, the quire of paper for the Governor, the broken budge barrel, the match burnt at the main fort and Banks's, and the tallow drawn to grease the gun carriages across five points of the island's defences. A budge barrel is the small covered barrel for carrying powder safely to the guns, and the old gun and gun block at Rupert's a worn piece and its mounting entered as done with. John French subscribed the account as gunner, one of the last such returns in his hand before his death, the ordnance of the island kept greased, scaled and ready across its several batteries through the busy opening of the shipping season.

121

117

1749

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month of April 1749

Vizt

29 Bottles Port Wine

1 13 10

42 Do Lisbon

2 9

17 Do Madeira

1 16 5½

11 Do Strong Beer

2 3½

22 Do Goa Arrack

7 9½

20 Do Batavia

13 4

25 Do Brandy

17 2½

234 Beef

3 3 6

180 Goat

3 2

117 Mutton

2 8 9

2 Kids

5

1 Lamb

10

6 Pr Salt Pork

12

14 Fowls

1 1

2 Turkeys

10

11 Ducks

16 6

1 Goose

5

352 Flour

2 10½

70 Candy

5

66 ½ Butter

3 6

27 15 5½

Chas Hutchinson

David Hunter

John Clark

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of April 1749.

20 bottles of port wine, £1 13s 10d

42 bottles of Lisbon, £2 9s 0d

17 bottles of Madeira, £1 16s 5½d

11 bottles of strong beer, £0 2s 3½d

22 bottles of Goa arrack, £0 7s 9½d

20 bottles of Batavia, £0 13s 4d

25 bottles of brandy, £0 17s 2½d

234 lb of beef, £3 3s 6d

180 lb of goat, £3 2s 0d

114 lb of mutton, £2 8s 9d

2 kids, £1 5s 0d

1 lamb, £0 10s 0d

6 quarters of salt pork, £0 12s 0d

14 fowls, £1 1s 0d

2 turkeys, £0 10s 0d

11 ducks, £0 16s 6d

1 goose, £0 5s 0d

502 lb of flour, £2 4s 10½d

70 lb of candy, £1 0s 5d

66½ lb of butter, £3 0s 6d

total, £27 15s 3½d

The account subscribed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark.

Interpretations

The castle sundries for April 1749 run at £27 15s 3½d, the fullest month in this stretch, the board's own table stores of wine, beer, spirits, meat and provisions rising as the shipping season opened and the household kept a busier table. The port, Lisbon, Madeira and beer are the settled drink of the officers, and here three kinds of spirit stand together in small bottled parcels, the Goa and Batavia arrack and the brandy, a sign the store had a little of each on hand for the board even as the bulk arrack had long run short.

The meat is the striking feature of the month, the beef, goat and mutton all in force at over two and three pounds each, the kids, lamb, salt pork and poultry filling out the table. The fresh beef at £3 3s 6d for 234 lb marks the return of the cattle to the board's own table as the season turned and the herd could bear it, the beef sales to the shipping and the board's own supply both drawing on the herd together in the month the fleet came in. The goat and mutton beside it show the board still taking freely of the flocks, the table provisioned more richly than through the held winter.

The candy at 70 lb and the butter at 66½ lb are large parcels for the table, the boiled hard sugar taken with the tea and the butter of the Company's own dairy, and the flour at 502 lb the meal for the castle's bread. The whole is the settled provisioning of the Governor's household and board, subscribed by the three members of the reduced board of 1749, Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark, the table kept fuller as the road filled and the quiet of the winter gave way to the traffic of the shipping season.

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118

At a Consultation held on Monday the 15th day of May 1749 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esqr Govr
Capt David Hunter Lt Govr
Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Thursday the 11th Arrived the Wager, Capt Jonah Windman from China, and brought us the following supply Vizt

Invoice of Ship Wager

Bohea Tea 1 Chest No 1 containing Nett 1 pec Caty 13 @ 14 Sales Rate M C C £15 8 2

Singlo Tea 1 Chest No 1 containing Nett 1 3 @ 22 2 £28 6 6

Congo Tea 4 Boxes No 1 a containing Nett 1 20 £20 - -

China Ware 1 Chest No 1 containing 5 Setts of Dishes and Plates Blue White @ 9 5 Dishes & 20 Plates in a Sett @ 1 8 15 Bowls Coloured Goud @ 3 1 60 Teacups Blue White @ 1 5 9 2 Juggs & 3 Barrows @ 3 13 Teapots (Brown) @ 5 7 5 £14 6 5

Sugar Candy 15 Chests No 15 containing Nett 15 pec @ 1 £60 - -

Sugar 15 Chests No 15 containing Nett 14 86 pec Caty @ 3 9 £47 5 5 2

30 Chests @ 2 £6 - -

Errors Excepted Dated in Canton Dec 28 1748

Frederick Pigou
Tho Stone
Ala de Reune
Benjn Torin

Sales £186 8 8

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 15 May 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Thursday 11 May the Wager, Captain Jonah Windman, had arrived from China bringing a supply of goods.

The invoice of the ship Wager listed the following items. One chest of Bohea tea, number 1, containing a net weight of one pecul and thirteen catties, valued at £15 8s 2d at the sales rate of £14 per pecul. One chest of Singlo tea, number 1, net weight one pecul and three catties, valued at £28 6s 6d at the rate of £22 2s per pecul. Four boxes of Congo tea, numbers 1a onwards, containing a net weight of one pecul and twenty catties, valued at £20.

One chest of China ware, number 1, contained five sets of blue and white dishes and plates, each set comprising five dishes and twenty plates valued at £1 8s, fifteen coloured gold bowls at 3s, sixty blue and white teacups at 1s 5d, two jugs and three barrows at 3s 13d, and thirteen brown teapots at 5s 7d, amounting to £14 6s 5d.

Fifteen chests of sugar candy, number 15, contained a net weight of fifteen peculs at £1 per pecul, valued at £60. Fifteen chests of sugar, number 15, contained a net weight of 14.86 peculs at £3 9s per pecul, amounting to £47 5s 5d. A further thirty chests were recorded at £2, valued at £6.

The invoice was marked “Errors excepted” and dated at Canton, 28 December 1748. It was signed by Frederick Pigou, Thomas Stone, Ala de Reune, and Benjamin Torin. The total sales value amounted to £186 8s 8d.

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Lieutenant Clark reports that he has been on board the Ship Wager to muster her company and search for deserters but found none. The Muster Roll is as follows Vizt

Muster Roll of Ship Wager

Jonah Windman Commander
Wm Cunningham 1st Mate
Wm Jordan 2d Do
Jno Ellis 3d Do
Eben Gardener 4th Do
Fred Vincent 5th Do
Samll Wood Purser
Silas Hamberg Doctor
Wm Terry Gunner
Jno Williams Carpenter
Saml Lock Boatswain
Robt Notley Caulker
Tho Anderson Quartermaster
Harry Clawson Do
Duncan Wilson Do
Jas Rowley Do
Jas Story Do
John Wood Do
Jonah Tweedy Do
Bayl Bond Do
Mungo Clackhorn Do
Robson Milbank Do
Valter Taylor Do
George Hanson Do
Wm Phillips Do
Benjn Phillips Midshipman
Wm Harper Do
Peter Ross Do
Tho Reed Do
Wm Robinson Do
Tho Gullied Do
Robt Hayes Ships Steward
Tho Scott Cooper
Jn Minor Armourer
Jn Buck Ships Cook
Geo Gent Capt Do
Tho Walton Ships New
John Alexander Sayler
Paul Shippen Gunners Mate
Wm Corkin 2d Mates Do
Jno Franklin Carpenters Mate
John Oakey Sailmaker
Jn Bath Boatswains Mate
Alexandr Duncan 2d Do
Thos Robt Cooper Mate
Wm Allen Butcher
Robt Curtis Poulterer
Edwd Murphy Do
Ja Hughes Do
Tho Gardner Do
Wm Coleman Do
Dan Johnson Do
Jas Gilchrist Do
Ja Steele Do
Wm Burching Do
Wm Moody Do
Wm Welsh Do
Geo Russell Do
Ant Valentino Do
Jas Panchetto Do
Wm Jones Do
Pat Ingham Do
Tho Bourne Do
Wm Adams Do
Wm Russell Do
John Bourke Do
Hans Herms Do
Wm Calder Do
Luke Tool Do
Pat Hughes Do
Wm Russell Do
John Heney Do
Tim Vangh Do
Corn Burg Do
Evan Sheppard Do
Robt Lynn Do
Robt Baly Do
Peter Crew Do
Isaac Bennet Do
John Biggles Do
Tho Jacobsen Do
Geo Mead Do
Chas Stacey Do
Rich Wall Do
John Wayle Do
Ralph Lamborth Quartermaster
Chas Thompson Boatswains Do
Wm Olsman Capt Do
Wm Castlebell Capt Do
Jas Hughes Hackbouse

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had gone on board the ship Wager to muster her crew and search for any deserters, but none were found. The muster roll of the Wager was recorded as follows.

Jonah Windman, commander.
William Cunningham, first mate; William Jordan, second mate; John Ellis, third mate; Ebenezer Gardener, fourth mate; and Frederick Vincent, fifth mate. Samuel Wood served as purser and Silas Hamberg as doctor. William Terry was gunner; John Williams, carpenter; Samuel Lock, boatswain; and Robert Notley, caulker.

The quartermasters were Thomas Anderson, Harry Clawson, Duncan Wilson, James Rowley, James Story, John Wood, Jonah Tweedy, Bayl Bond, Mungo Clackhorn, Robson Milbank, Valter Taylor, George Hanson, and William Phillips.

Midshipmen were Benjamin Phillips, William Harper, Peter Ross, Thomas Reed, William Robinson, and Thomas Gullied. Robert Hayes served as ship’s steward; Thomas Scott, cooper; John Minor, armourer; John Buck, ship’s cook; and George Gent, captain’s cook. Thomas Walton was ship’s new [ship’s servant].

Among the seamen were John Alexander, Paul Shippen (gunner’s mate), William Corkin (second mate’s mate), John Franklin (carpenter’s mate), John Oakey (sailmaker), John Bath and Alexander Duncan (boatswain’s mates), and Thomas Robert (cooper’s mate). William Allen served as butcher.

Other crewmen included Robert Curtis, Edward Murphy, James Hughes, Thomas Gardner, William Coleman, Daniel Johnson, James Gilchrist, James Steele, William Burching, William Moody, William Welsh, George Russell, Anthony Valentino, James Panchetto, William Jones, Patrick Ingham, Thomas Bourne, William Adams, William Russell, John Bourke, Hans Herms, William Calder, Luke Tool, Patrick Hughes, another William Russell, John Heney, Tim Vangh, Corn Burg, Evan Sheppard, Robert Lynn, Robert Baly, Peter Crew, Isaac Bennet, John Biggles, Thomas Jacobsen, George Mead, Charles Stacey, Richard Wall, John Wayle, and Ralph Lamborth (quartermaster).

Charles Thompson served as boatswain’s mate, William Olsman and William Castlebell as captain’s servants, and James Hughes Hackbouse was also listed among the company.

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Jacob Bacanard
Peter Vainstirk
Cha’s Dickson
James Stacey

Supercargoes
Sam’l Flount Esqr
Alland Hume Esqr
Benjn Torin Esqr
Tho’s Webster Mr Winstanly
R. Weston Wm Alexander Do

The Storekeeper delivered the following Account of Stores short received from ships Oxford & Wager Vizt

Account of Stores short received from the following ships Vizt

From the Oxford Vizt
12 Gallons Arrack
12 Pieces Rice

From the Wager
3 Bohea Tea
2 Congo Do
1 Sugar short weight
1.16 Candy
1 Dish broke
8 Plates broke
4 Teacups broke

May the 15th 1749

Signed M. Purling Storekeeper

The list of supercargoes on board the Wager included Jacob Bacanard, Peter Vainstirk, Charles Dickson, and James Stacey, together with Samuel Flount, Esquire, Alland Hume, Esquire, Benjamin Torin, Esquire, Thomas Webster, Mr Winstanly, R. Weston, and William Alexander.

The storekeeper then presented an account of stores short received from the ships Oxford and Wager. From the Oxford, twelve gallons of arrack and twelve pieces of rice were missing. From the Wager, three packages of Bohea tea and two of Congo tea were not delivered, together with one chest of sugar short of weight, 1.16 of sugar candy, one dish broken, eight plates broken, and four teacups broken.

This account was dated 15 May 1749 and signed by M. Purling, storekeeper.

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Cash Dr
1749 April 1 To Ballances remaining £1930 10s 11½d
7 To Exchange for one Set of Bills drawn on the Honble Court of Directors payable to Capt Phillip Dumaresq or Order 90 Days after Sight Dated this day £125
To Chis Scarbrough the Ballance of her Account £7 14s 8d
26 To Benj: Bently Carpenter Mate of the Ship Duke of Newcastle as per Consultation of the 26 Instant £1 12s 5d
To Exchange for one Set of Bills drawn on the Honble Court of Directors payable to Matthew Purling or Order 90 Days after Sight Dated this day £78 6s
29 To Ships Duke of Dorset the Ballance of her Account £7 1s 4d
£2143 6s 10½d

Per Contra Cr
1749 Apr 30
By Ballance remaining in the following Species Vizt
1st Gold Wt 11.15.14 @ £3.18.3 £46 18s 4½d
4 Do 3.9.12 @ 3.18 £13 11s 1½d
69 Venitians @ 10s £52 - -
12 Rupees @ 30s £18 - -
1700 Bagdad @ 8s £680 - -
Gold Amounting to £789 12s 9d

29.57 Dollars @ 5s 1d £739 5s -
45.63 Half Rupees @ 3s 3¼d £71 5s 11¼d
441 French @ 1s 2d £3 13s 6d
Odd Money £4 8s 9d
Silver Amounting to £818 4s 9½d

140 Cash Notes @ 40s £292 - -
162 Do @ 20s £162 - -
261 Do @ 5s £65 5s -
160 Do @ 2s 6d £20 - -

Cash Notes Amounting to £539 5s -

£2143 6s 10½d

The cash account for April 1749 recorded the following entries. On 1 April, the balance brought forward was £1930 10s 11½d. On 7 April, a set of bills of exchange was drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, payable to Captain Phillip Dumaresq or order ninety days after sight, dated that day, for £125. On the same date, a payment of £7 14s 8d was made to Christiana Scarbrough, being the balance of her account.

On 26 April, £1 12s 5d was entered for Benjamin Bently, carpenter’s mate of the ship Duke of Newcastle, as recorded in the consultation of that date. Another set of bills of exchange was drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, payable to Matthew Purling or order ninety days after sight, dated the same day, for £78 6s.

On 29 April, £7 1s 4d was paid as the balance of the account for the ship Duke of Dorset. These transactions brought the total debits to £2143 6s 10½d.

The credit side for 30 April showed the remaining balance held in various forms. Gold comprised 11.15.14 in weight at £3.18.3, valued at £46 18s 4½d; four pieces weighing 3.9.12 at £3.18, valued at £13 11s 1½d; sixty-nine Venetian coins at 10s, £52; twelve rupees at 30s, £18; and 1700 Bagdad coins at 8s, £680. The total gold amounted to £789 12s 9d.

Silver consisted of 29.57 dollars at 5s 1d, £739 5s; 4563 half rupees at 3s 3¼d, £71 5s 11¼d; 441 French coins at 1s 2d, £3 13s 6d; and odd money of £4 8s 9d, together amounting to £818 4s 9½d.

Cash notes were held as follows: 140 at 40s, £292; 162 at 20s, £162; 261 at 5s, £65 5s; and 160 at 2s 6d, £20, making a total of £539 5s in notes.

Together, the total in gold, silver, and notes balanced the account at £2143 6s 10½d.

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Bought of Capt Jonah Hindman four Thousand Pounds of Rice at ten Shillings and Eight pence p Ct for the Use of the Honourable Companys Slaves

Captain Jonah Hindman Applied to Us for liberty to pay £140 into the Honble Companys Cash We have received it & given him Bills drawn on the Honble Court of Directors dated this day payables to himself or Order Ninety days after sight

Mr Ninian Cunningham applied to Us for liberty to pay £60 into the Honble Companys Cash We have received it & given him Bills drawn as above dated this day

Mr Frederick Vincent applied to Us for liberty to pay £106 into the Honble Companys Cash We have received it & given him Bills drawn as above dated this day

William Henslow Matross this day applied for his Discharge from the Garrison & leave to proceed to England in the Ship Wager having served the Honble Company his contracted time

Granted

Cha's Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

Four thousand pounds of rice were purchased from Captain Jonah Hindman at the rate of ten shillings and eight pence per hundredweight for the use of the Honourable Company’s slaves.

Captain Hindman then applied for permission to pay £140 into the Honourable Company’s treasury. The sum was received, and bills were issued to him, drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors and dated that day, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight.

Mr Ninian Cunningham likewise applied to pay £60 into the Company’s cash, which was received, and bills were drawn for the same term and conditions. Mr Frederick Vincent made a similar application to pay £106, which was also accepted, and bills were issued to him accordingly.

On the same day, William Henslow, a matross [artillery assistant], requested his discharge from the garrison and permission to return to England in the ship Wager, having completed his contracted period of service with the Honourable Company. His request was granted.

The entry was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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At a Consultation held on Monday the 22ᵈ day of May 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour
Captᵈ David Hunter Lt Governour
Lieutenant John Clark of Councill

The last Consultation was read approved and signed.

Tuesday the 16ᵗʰ Died Joseph Desfontain Planter
Wednesday the 17ᵗʰ Departed the Wager Captᵈ Josiah Hindman for England
Thursday the 18ᵗʰ Departed the Oxford Captᵈ Philip Sadell for Do
Saturday May the 20ᵗʰ Arrived his Majesty’s Ship the Prince of Wales, ten & thirty Six Guns, Burthen Eight Hundred Tons, under the Command of Vice Admiral Griffin

Ordered an Advertisement to be published requiring the Inhabitants to meet at the Chapel in this Valley on Thursday next the 25ᵗʰ Instant

Mr John Desfontain Petitioned for leave to Dispose of Thirteen Acres of Leasehold Land unto Mr Thomas Cosgrave

Granted.

The Widow & Executrix of Joseph Desfontain Presented the last Will & Testament of the Deceased Desiring the same might be proved which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto the Will is as follows Vizt

Chaˢ Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 22 May 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Tuesday 16 May Joseph Desfontain, planter, had died. On Wednesday 17 May the Wager, Captain Josiah Hindman, had departed for England, and on Thursday 18 May the Oxford, Captain Philip Sadell, had likewise sailed for England.

On Saturday 20 May His Majesty’s ship Prince of Wales, a vessel of thirty-six guns and eight hundred tons burden, under the command of Vice Admiral Griffin, arrived at the island.

An advertisement was directed to be published requiring the inhabitants to assemble at the Chapel in the valley on Thursday the 25th of the month.

Mr John Desfontain petitioned for permission to sell thirteen acres of leasehold land to Mr Thomas Cosgrave, which request was granted.

The widow and executrix of Joseph Desfontain then presented his last will and testament, requesting that it be proved. This was done upon the oaths of the subscribing witnesses. The will was recorded as follows.

Signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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In the Name of God Amen I Joseph Desfontain of the Island St. Helena Planter being Sick & Weak in Body but of sound and perfect Mind and Memory do make and Ordain this my last Will and Testament in manner and form following that is to say my Soul I commend to the Mercy of Almighty God my Body I commit to the Earth to be decently Interred and my Worldly Estate I dispose of as follows.

Imprimis
I Will and Direct in Case my Creditors should Demand any Sum or Sums of Money which I Justly owe and my Executors not Capable of paying the same without Selling part of my Estate then in such Case I leave it entirely to their Discretion to sell such part thereof as they shall Judge most for the Advantage and Interest of my Children and Estate.

Item
I Will and Bequeath to my Beloved Wife the one half of my Freehold Estate during the term of her natural Life and the one third of my Personal Estate for ever.

Item
The rest and remainder of my Estate I will and Bequeath to my Beloved Children Vizt Samuel William John Mary Ruth and Elizabeth to be Equally Divided Among them at Valuation together with the half of my Freehold Estate bequeathed my Wife at her Decease and in case my Wife should be with Child I Direct that the Child or Children shall have an Equal share or part with my Children abovenamed But in the Distribution of my Estate I order that my Sons shall have the refusal and be settled upon my Lands they paying to each of my other Children a full proportion or share according to Valuation.

Item
That Whereas my two Eldest Sons are near of Age I apprehend their having their parts or shares of my Estate when they shall arrived at Age will be very Disadvantageous to my Younger Children therefore I Direct that neither of my said two Sons shall have any part or share of my Estate but that the whole be kept together untill the Debts which I now owe shall be first paid or Discharged and then it is my Desire they shall have their shares above Bequeathed and to be assented.

In the name of God, Amen. Joseph Desfontain of the Island of St Helena, planter, being sick and weak in body but of sound and perfect mind and memory, made and declared this as his last will and testament. He commended his soul to the mercy of Almighty God and committed his body to the earth to be decently buried, disposing of his worldly estate in the following manner.

First, he directed that if any of his creditors should demand sums of money which he justly owed, and if his executors were unable to discharge those debts without selling part of his property, then it was to be left entirely to their discretion to sell whatever portion they judged most advantageous for the benefit of his children and estate.

He then bequeathed to his beloved wife one half of his freehold estate for the term of her natural life and one third of his personal estate in perpetuity.

The remainder of his estate he left to his beloved children, namely Samuel, William, John, Mary, Ruth, and Elizabeth, to be equally divided among them by valuation, together with the half of the freehold estate previously left to his wife upon her death. Should his wife be with child, he directed that the child or children should share equally with those already named. In distributing the estate, he stipulated that his sons should have first choice of the land, provided they paid to each of their siblings a full and fair share according to its valuation.

Finally, as his two eldest sons were near the age of majority, he considered that receiving their shares of the estate at that time would be disadvantageous to his younger children. He therefore directed that neither of those sons should take possession of any part of the estate until all outstanding debts had first been settled. Once those debts were discharged, the two eldest sons were then to receive and enjoy their allotted shares as previously bequeathed.

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upon my Estate until that time with the rest of my other Children whom I Direct shall Enjoy their part when they shall attain to the Age of Twenty one Years or Marriage and in case of the Decease of any of my Children before that time I will that the Survivor or Survivors shall Enjoy the Deceased part.

Lastly
I Nominate and Appoint my beloved Friends Mr John French Mr Thomas French Mr Matthew Bazett and Mr John Desfontain Executors to this my last Will and Testament Revoking all former Will or Wills by me made Confirming this and no Other to be my last Will and Testament. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and Seal this Fourteenth Day of May in the year of our Lord one Thousand Seven hundred and Forty Nine.

Signed Sealed and Declared
to be the last Will and Testament of the Testator in the presence of us (the word Sarah being first Interlined)

(signed) M. Purting
Willm Seale
Benjn Seale

(signed) Joseph Desfontain

Chas Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Thursday the 25ᵗʰ day of May 1749 at the Castle.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour
Captᵈ David Hunter Lieutᵗ Governour
Lieutenant John Clark of Councill

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Joseph Desfontain further directed that his two eldest sons should continue to reside upon his estate together with their younger siblings until such time as the debts had been paid and the estate divided. His children were to receive their respective shares when they reached the age of twenty-one years or upon marriage. In the event that any of his children should die before reaching that age, their share was to pass to the surviving brothers and sisters.

He concluded his will by appointing his trusted friends Mr John French, Mr Thomas French, Mr Matthew Bazett, and Mr John Desfontain as executors, revoking all previous wills and confirming this as his last will and testament. The document was signed, sealed, and declared on 14 May 1749 in the presence of the witnesses M. Purling, William Seale, and Benjamin Seale, the word “Sarah” having first been interlined. It was signed by the testator, Joseph Desfontain.

The will was witnessed and recorded by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A consultation was then held at the Castle on Thursday 25 May 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

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According to the Order of last Consultation the Inhabitants this day Assembled at the Chapel in the Valley and being called before us the Governour Acquainted them that the Provision they sent to the Market was not Sufficient to Supply the Family & the Sick in the Hospital & therefore Desired they would send another Beast Weekly or either Mutton or Goat for those purposes.

The Inhabitants Desired leave to consider of what had been proposed to them untill Monday next when they would give their Answer.

Chaˢ Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 29ᵗʰ day of May 1749 at the Castle.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour
Captᵈ David Hunter Lt Governour
Lieutᵗ John Clark of Councill

The last Consultation was read approved and signed.

Thursday the 25ᵗʰ Arrived the Cleverskerk Captᵈ Simon Delvoet from Bengal Burthen 500 Tons, 36 Guns, and 94 Men, Loaded with 2700 Bags Saltpetre, 500 Bags Comin, 60000 Japan Wood, 20000 Pepper, 1334 Bales, bound to Amsterdam.

Friday the 26ᵗʰ Passed by a Ship at a great Distance.

Saturday the 27ᵗʰ Arrived the East Court Captᵈ William Carl Benson from Bengal and brought us the following Supply Vizt

In accordance with the direction given at the previous consultation, the island’s inhabitants assembled that day at the Chapel in the valley. When they had gathered, the Governor addressed them, explaining that the provisions they were sending to the market were not sufficient to supply both the Governor’s household and the sick in the hospital. He therefore requested that they agree to send an additional animal each week, either a beast, sheep, or goat, for those purposes.

The inhabitants asked for time to consider the proposal and requested to defer their reply until the following Monday, when they promised to deliver their answer.

Signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A further consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 29 May 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the last consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Thursday 25 May the Cleverskerk, Captain Simon Delvoet, had arrived from Bengal. She was a ship of 500 tons, carried 36 guns and a crew of 94 men, and was laden with 2,700 bags of saltpetre, 500 bags of cumin, 60,000 pounds of Japan wood, 20,000 pounds of pepper, and 1,334 bales of goods, bound for Amsterdam.

On Friday 26 May a ship was sighted passing at a great distance.

On Saturday 27 May the East Court, Captain William Carl Benson, arrived from Bengal bringing a supply of goods for the Honourable Company.

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Invoice of Ship Eastcourt
W C
No 5

Wax Candles
5 Chests of No 10 – Inc W ab 4 3 2.6 @ m d £133 5s 0d–

Charges Merchandize
5 Chests @ Embaling 11. 9. 9
Moteas 2. 6
Boothree –. 4
£12 3s –

Current Rupees 147 5s 3d

Errors Excepted
for Geo. Pattle, Accomptᵗ C

Mr John Goodwin Petitioned to become Tenant to the Honourable Company for a parcel of their wast Land adjoyning to Land he lately purchased of Mr Francis Lange in the West Division of this Island

Ordered the said Land to be viewed

The Inhabitants this day Presented the following Answer to what the Governour proposed to them on Thursday last Vizt

To the Worshipfull Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour and Council

Worshipfull Sir & Sirs

The invoice of the ship Eastcourt recorded the following entry. Under the mark “W. C.”, item number 5 listed five chests of wax candles, each chest of number 10, weighing about 4.3.2.6, valued at £133 5s 0d.

The associated charges for merchandise were noted as follows: embalming five chests £11 9s 9d, moteas £2 6s, and boothree 4 annas, totalling £12 3s. The amount converted to current rupees was Rs 147 5 3. The entry was marked “Errors excepted” and signed “for George Pattle, accountant”.

Mr John Goodwin then petitioned to become tenant to the Honourable Company for a parcel of their waste land adjoining the property he had recently purchased from Mr Francis Lange in the west division of the island. It was directed that the land should be viewed.

The inhabitants subsequently presented their written reply to the proposal made by the Governor on the previous Thursday, addressing it as follows:

“To the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor, and Council. Worshipful Sir and Sirs,”

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you were pleased to propose to Us of a further Supply of fresh Provisions particularly for the Hospital on Wednesdays of about thirty or forty Pounds of such Meat that is proper for the Sick &c. Wee are very willing and ready to comply with your Request though in this particular we shall be Oblig’d to kill upon our breeding Stocks. And accordingly will send on Wednesday the above Quantity of such Meat as Goat or Mutton at the Market Price that was first settled by Us who were Recommended & directed so to do by the then Governour & Council, and which we humbly hope will now meet with your Approbation, who are with great Respect

May the 25ᵗʰ 1749

Gentlemen
Your most Obedient Servants
(Signed by Order of the Vestry)
Franᶜˢ Wragham
Thoˢ Greentree
Martin Harper
Samˡ Dowton
Richᵈ Bagley
John Alexander
James Greentree

Lieutenant John Clark reports that he has been on Board the Ship Eastcourt to Muster her Company & search for Deserters but found none, the Muster Roll is as follows Vizᵗ

Muster Roll of Ship East Court

Wm Earl Benson Commander
Robt Shaw 1ˢᵗ Mate
Roger Mainwaring 2ᵈ Do
Robt Lemon 3ʳᵈ Do
Wm Soares 4ᵗʰ Do
Samˡ Milliken Surgeon
Turlay Bayles Carpenter
John Ritchnee Gunner
Samˡ Squire Caulthro Mate
Jnᵒ Bond Ships Steward
Thoˢ Tom Midshipman
Jnᵒ Elliot Do
Thoˢ James Do
John Denham Do
Robt Anderson Do
David Todd Do
Francis Watson Do
Jaˢ Hay Carpenters Mate
George Burston Joyner
Alexʳ Kemp Joiner Gunner & Midsʰ
Richᵈ Davies Boatswain
Thoˢ Mitchell Capt Servant
Allen Sutton 1ˢᵗ Mates
Robt Archer Capt Cook
And˳ Gillender Ships Cook
David Matthews Cooper
Wm Tasker Seaman

The inhabitants’ written reply stated that the Governor had proposed a further supply of fresh provisions, particularly for the hospital, requesting that on Wednesdays about thirty or forty pounds of meat suitable for the sick be provided. They declared themselves willing and ready to comply, although doing so would oblige them to slaughter animals from their breeding stock. They therefore undertook to send each Wednesday the specified quantity of meat, either goat or mutton, at the market price originally agreed upon by those who had been appointed and authorised to set it by the then Governor and Council. They expressed their hope that this arrangement would meet with approval, signing themselves with great respect, “Your most obedient servants.”

The letter, dated 25 May 1749, was signed by order of the Vestry: Francis Wragham, Thomas Greentree, Martin Harper, Samuel Dowton, Richard Bagley, John Alexander, and James Greentree.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had gone on board the ship Eastcourt to muster the crew and search for deserters but had found none. The muster roll of the Eastcourt was as follows.

William Earl Benson, commander.
Robert Shaw, first mate; Roger Mainwaring, second mate; Robert Lemon, third mate; and William Soares, fourth mate. Samuel Milliken served as surgeon. Turlay Bayles was carpenter; John Ritchnee, gunner; and Samuel Squire, caulker’s mate. John Bond was ship’s steward.

The midshipmen were Thomas Tom, John Elliot, Thomas James, John Denham, Robert Anderson, David Todd, and Francis Watson. James Hay served as carpenter’s mate; George Burston as joiner; and Alexander Kemp as joiner, gunner, and midshipman. Richard Davies was boatswain; Thomas Mitchell, the captain’s servant; and Allen Sutton, first mate’s servant. Robert Archer was captain’s cook, Andrew Gillender, ship’s cook, David Matthews, cooper, and William Tasker, seaman.

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Robᵗ Tasker Seaman
Jnᵒ Mackormick Do
Steph. Parker Do
Francᵗ Silver Do
Wm Graydon Do
Wm Grysham Do
Richᵈ Canam Do
Samˡ Still Do
Denn. Dunmow Do
Jnᵒ Hobbs Do
Thoˢ Barrows Do
John Norton Do
Thoˢ Smith Do
George Williams Do
Samˡ Collins Do
Thoˢ Bevin Do
Wm Brymer Do
Bartʷ Castello Do
George Clark Do
Robᵗ Buchanon Do
Terence Crawley Do
Jerʰ Lambert Do
Michˡ Cater Do
John Nibb Do
Richᵈ White Do
Robᵗ Garnet Seaman
Wm Cadmore Capt Servant
Jaˢ Halliker Do Do
Jnᵒ Glover Gun Servant
Thoˢ Clandanell Capt Servt
Ricʰ Savage Mates Do
John Ronan
George Paul Weston
George Campbell
Wm Nicholson
Wm Gaskin
Alexand Aleater
Portugue
Hendrick Peter
Samˡ Bensabtis
Francisco Delroz
Josˢ Mandes
John De Munte
Antony Fernadis
Augustin Delroz
Samˡ De Munis
Antony Gonsalvis
Francisco Delroz
John De Silver
Matthius Delroz
Joseph Prader
Pedro De Silver
Manuell Delroz
Allis Cejos
Peter Cornalis
Antony Roa
John Delcrus
Augustin Delroz
Lahorn
Antoney
Lascaris
Alom Saute
Bado Tindell
Loll
Sultan
Gul Mahamud
Telu
Harrow
Habas
Coder
Munnoo
Demoo
Sobdee
Passengers
James Senegal
Richard Eyres

Patrick Murphy, Peter Coakley, William Bull, James Woodwise, and John Christofell having all Served the Honᵇˡᵉ Company their Contracted time, this day Petitioned for their Discharges from the Garrison and leave to proceed to England.

Granted.

Chaˢ Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The muster roll of the Eastcourt continued as follows.

Robert Tasker, John Mackormick, Stephen Parker, Francis Silver, William Graydon, William Grysham, Richard Canam, Samuel Still, Dennis Dunmow, John Hobbs, Thomas Barrows, John Norton, Thomas Smith, George Williams, Samuel Collins, Thomas Bevin, William Brymer, Bartholomew Castello, George Clark, Robert Buchanon, Terence Crawley, Jeremiah Lambert, Michael Cater, John Nibb, Richard White, and Robert Garnet were all listed as seamen.

William Cadmore and James Halliker were captain’s servants; John Glover served as gunner’s servant; Thomas Clandanell was another captain’s servant; and Richard Savage, mate’s servant.

Other crew members were John Ronan, George Paul Weston, George Campbell, William Nicholson, William Gaskin, and Alexander Aleater. The list then included several Portuguese seamen: Hendrick Peter, Samuel Bensabtis, Francisco Delroz, Joseph Mandes, John De Munte, Antony Fernadis, Augustin Delroz, Samuel De Munis, Antony Gonsalvis, Francisco Delroz (repeated), John De Silver, Matthius Delroz, Joseph Prader, Pedro De Silver, Manuell Delroz, Allis Cejos, Peter Cornalis, Antony Roa, John Delcrus, and Augustin Delroz.

Among the Lascar [Asian seamen] crew were Lahorn, Antoney, Alom Saute, Bado Tindell, Loll, Sultan, Gul Mahamud, Telu, Harrow, Habas, Coder, Munnoo, Demoo, and Sobdee.

Passengers on board were James Senegal and Richard Eyres.

On the same day, Patrick Murphy, Peter Coakley, William Bull, James Woodwise, and John Christofell, all having completed their contracted term of service with the Honourable Company, petitioned for their discharges from the garrison and for permission to return to England. Their requests were granted.

Signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

134

130

At a Consultation held on Monday the 5ᵗʰ day of June 1749 at the Castle.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour,
Captⁿ David Hunter Lt Governour,
Lieutᵗ John Clark of Council.

The last Consultation was read approved and signed.

Wednesday the 31ˢᵗ of May Passed by 6 Dutch Ships, one of which Saluted the Admiral and the Fort.

Sunday the 4ᵗʰ Instant Arrived the True Briton Captⁿ Henry Broadley from Anjengo, and brought us the following Supply Vizᵗ.

Invoice of Ship True Briton

S
R

Sugar
26 Bags for aⁿ a 2.18 @ Pag 15.18 ₤ Candy 140 2 6

Rice
29 Bags 200 Marcals @ Pag 80 ₤ Spare 40

Charges Merchandize ₤12.0

Cloth Bags 26 2 12
Gunny Bags 110 for Rice & Sugar @ 1½ ₤₤ 7 23 16
Twine 3 12
Boats & Cooly hire 1 21
11 25 28

Pagodas 191 27 34

Errors Excepted
for Edwᵈ Cooke Accomptᵗ C

Mr William Robinson Applyed to us for liberty to pay Three Hundred & fifty Pounds into the Honᵇˡᵉ Company’s Cash here, We have received it and given him Bills drawn on the Honᵇˡᵉ

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 5 June 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Wednesday 31 May six Dutch ships had passed by the island, one of which saluted both the Admiral and the Fort.

On Sunday 4 June the True Briton, Captain Henry Broadley, arrived from Anjengo, bringing a supply of goods for the Honourable Company.

The invoice of the ship True Briton listed the following. Under the mark “S. R.” were twenty-six bags of sugar, each weighing about 2.18, valued at 15.18 pagodas, amounting to £140 2s 6d. There were also twenty-nine bags of rice, each of 200 marcals, valued at 80 pagodas, amounting to £40.

Merchandise charges came to £12, with further expenses including twenty-six cloth bags at £2 12s, one hundred and ten gunny [jute] bags for rice and sugar at 1½ pagodas, £7 23s 16d, twine £3 12s, and boats and cooly [porter] hire £1 21s. These together totalled £11 25s 28d, making a combined value of 191 pagodas, 27 fanams, and 34 cash.

The entry was marked “Errors excepted” and signed “for Edward Cooke, accountant.”

Mr William Robinson then applied for permission to pay £350 into the Honourable Company’s treasury on the island. The sum was received, and bills were drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors accordingly.

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131

Court of Directors payable to himself (or Order) Ninety days after Sight.

The Storekeeper Delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Eastcourt Vizᵗ

Received short from the Eastcourts Invoice 3 Candles of M. Purling Storekᵉᵉᵖᵉʳ.

June 5ᵗʰ 1749

Corporal Edward Murphy whose Contracted time will expire in October next this day Petitioned to Exchange with James O’Brian who is willing to serve the Honᵇˡᵉ Company as a Soldier for five Years without receiving any Bounty Money. We have therefore Discharged Murphy, and Enlisted the said James O’Brian.

Chaˢ Hutchinson
Davᵈ Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Fryday the 9ᵗʰ day of June 1749 at the Castle.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour,
Captⁿ David Hunter Lt Governour,
Lt John Clark of Council.

The last Consultation was read approved and signed.

Sunday the 6ᵗʰ Departed his Majesty’s Ships Prince of Mary, Pearl, Winchester, Medways Prize, & Lovely under the Command of Rear Admiral Griffin and also sailed in company with him the East Court Captⁿ William Earl Benson.

Do Departed the Dutch Ship called the Cleveerskerk Captⁿ Simon Delfpost.

Wednesday the 7ᵗʰ Arrived the Stretham Captⁿ Willᵐ Pinnell and the Colchester Captⁿ Richᵈ Wood, the former from Bombay and the latter from Anjengo.

The bills issued to Mr William Robinson were drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight.

The storekeeper, M. Purling, then presented an account of shortages in stores received from the ship Eastcourt. The invoice was short by three candles. This statement was signed and dated 5 June 1749.

On the same day, Corporal Edward Murphy, whose contracted period of service was due to expire in October next, petitioned to exchange his service with James O’Brian. O’Brian had declared himself willing to enlist in the Honourable Company’s service as a soldier for five years without claiming any bounty money. The exchange was therefore approved, Murphy was discharged, and O’Brian was enlisted in his place.

Signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A further consultation was held at the Castle on Friday 9 June 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Sunday 6 June His Majesty’s ships Prince of Mary, Pearl, Winchester, Medway’s Prize, and Lovely had departed under the command of Rear Admiral Griffin, accompanied by the Eastcourt, Captain William Earl Benson. On the same day, the Dutch ship Cleverskerk, Captain Simon Delfpost, also sailed from the island.

On Wednesday 7 June the Stretham, Captain William Pinnell, arrived from Bombay, and the Colchester, Captain Richard Wood, from Anjengo.

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132

This day Arrived the Marlborough Captⁿ Willᵐ Parks, from England, by which Occasion We received Packets from the Honourable Company. We thereupon met, and opened the same, and read their Honours Letter to Us, and then sent for Messʳˢ Samˡ Falconer and Matthews Brazel & acquainted them with their Directions relating to each. I likewise gave Orders for Publishing his Majesty’s Royal Proclamation of a General Peace.

The Stretham brought Us the following Supply Vizᵗ.

Invoice of Ship Stretham

Rice Beaten 15 Baggs of 7.120 Surat Maund @ 3.50 ₤ Maund 105

Bombay Arrack 4 Butts of 7 Gallons 490 ₤ 2 of 6 ₤ Gallon 245

Batty 17 Baggs of 7.34 Parah @ 25 ₤ & 25 Par 34

Charges on Merchandize Vizᵗ

Gunny Pieces 25 for Rice Baggs @ 5 ₤ ₤ 6 1

Dutty Baggs 13 @ 3 ₤ ₤ 3 Bag 13 2

Butts 4 for Arrack @ 10 ₤ ₤ each 40

Tinplate 1 ₤ ₤ Nails 1 5

Gunny Baggs 34 for Batty ₤ ₤ 10 80

Twine 2 9

Hamallage & Cooly hire 2 18 5

Rupees 157 70

Errors Excepted for W. West Accomptᵗ C

This day Arrived the Marlborough Captⁿ Willᵐ Parks, from England, by which Occasion We received Packets from the Honourable Company. We thereupon met, and opened the same, and read their Honours Letter to Us, and then sent for Messʳˢ Samˡ Falconer and Matthews Brazel & acquainted them with their Directions relating to each. I likewise gave Orders for Publishing his Majesty’s Royal Proclamation of a General Peace.

The Stretham brought Us the following Supply Vizᵗ.

Invoice of Ship Stretham

Rice Beaten 15 Baggs of 7.120 Surat Maund @ 3.50 ₤ Maund 105

Bombay Arrack 4 Butts of 7 Gallons 490 ₤ 2 of 6 ₤ Gallon 245

Batty 17 Baggs of 7.34 Parah @ 25 ₤ & 25 Par 34

Charges on Merchandize Vizᵗ

Gunny Pieces 25 for Rice Baggs @ 5 ₤ ₤ 6 1

Dutty Baggs 13 @ 3 ₤ ₤ 3 Bag 13 2

Butts 4 for Arrack @ 10 ₤ ₤ each 40

Tinplate 1 ₤ ₤ Nails 1 5

Gunny Baggs 34 for Batty ₤ ₤ 10 80

Twine 2 9

Hamallage & Cooly hire 2 18 5

Rupees 157 70

Errors Excepted for W. West Accomptᵗ C

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133

Lieutenant John Clark reports that he has been on Board the Ships True Briton, Stretham, Colchester, to Muster their Companys & search for Deserters, but found none. Their Muster Rolls are as follows Vizᵗ

Muster Roll of Ship True Briton

Henry Broadley Commander
A. M. Corrockie 1ˢᵗ Mate
John Helin 2ᵈ Do
Wᵐ Roberts 3ᵈ Do
John Caultier 4ᵗʰ Do
Thoˢ Goslin Heath 5ᵗʰ Do
Wᵐ MᶜAdams Surgeon
Wᵐ Rogers Purser
Alband Hill Gunner
John York Carpenter
Walter Gaul Boatswain
Thoˢ Wheaton Capᵗˢ Mate
Cornelis Hendrick Boats Do
Wᵐ Price Armourer
Samˡ Bakeman Cooper
John Saunders Caulker
Robᵗ Oxley Taylor
Wᵐ Gozina Capᵗˢ Steward
Paul Pon Capᵗˢ Cook
Richᵈ Madgley Ships Do
Richᵈ Innes Barber
Josˡ Dodd Midshipman
Wᵐ Biddulph Do
Lorence Bellows Quarter master
Isaac Burgs Sailmaker
Walter Steward Seaman
Thoˢ Baker Do
Christᵒpher Copham Do
Jacob Nordman Seaman
Jarvis Mills Do
John Mitchel Do
Guyton Jansen Do
Martin Anson Do
Alexʳ Young Do
Herman Bittleman Do
John Buntin Do
Godfrey Cook Do
Terence Surgeon Do
Marcus Christian Do
George Davidson Do
Isaac City Do
John Batterson Do
Geoˢ Bard Sailor Do
David Dunbar Do
Barent Harmes Do
Wᵐ Deal Do
John Mayes Do
George Shrewd Do
Inel Briton Capᵗˢ Servant
Scipio Do
Nero 1ˢᵗ Mate Do
Richᵈ Belchitor 2ᵈ Mate Do
Matʲ Jones Gunners Do
Wᵐ Dennis Capᵗˢ Do
John Cole Boats Do
Wᵐ Johnson Surgeons Do
Walter Webb Seaman
Robᵗ Richard Do
John Forbes Do
Robᵗ Malliard Do
Wᵐ Faber Do
Peter Doyle Do
Abram Collier Do
Jnˢ Defoser Seaman Do
Thoˢ Martin Kindall Do
Jnˢ Defoser Seacvar Do
Johnnico Defoser Do
Pondchico Defoser Do
Francesco Defoser Do
Nicholas Defoser Do
John Defries Do
Pedro De Flores Do
Andre De Corte Do
Thoˢ De Monte Do
Richᵈ De Monte Do
John Fernandos Do
Manwell Vera Do
Batico Mandes Do
Bumpammie Do
Juniff Do

Passengers
William Roche
Ralph Wardle

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had gone on board the ships True Briton, Stretham, and Colchester to muster their crews and search for deserters but had found none. The muster rolls of the three ships were then recorded, beginning with that of the True Briton.

The True Briton was commanded by Henry Broadley. The officers were A. M. Corrockie, first mate; John Helin, second mate; William Roberts, third mate; John Caultier, fourth mate; and Thomas Goslin Heath, fifth mate. William McAdams served as surgeon; William Rogers as purser; Alband Hill as gunner; John York as carpenter; and Walter Gaul as boatswain.

Thomas Wheaton was captain’s mate, Cornelis Hendrick, boatswain’s mate; William Price, armourer; Samuel Bakeman, cooper; John Saunders, caulker; Robert Oxley, tailor; William Gozina, captain’s steward; Paul Pon, captain’s cook; Richard Madgley, ship’s cook; and Richard Innes, barber.

The midshipmen were Joseph Dodd and William Biddulph. Lorence Bellows was quartermaster; Isaac Burgs, sailmaker; and the seamen included Walter Steward, Thomas Baker, Christopher Copham, Jacob Nordman, Jarvis Mills, John Mitchel, Guyton Jansen, Martin Anson, Alexander Young, Herman Bittleman, John Buntin, Godfrey Cook, Terence Surgeon, Marcus Christian, George Davidson, Isaac City, John Batterson, George Bard, David Dunbar, Barent Harmes, William Deal, John Mayes, and George Shrewd.

The captain’s servants were Inel Briton and Scipio. Nero was first mate’s servant; Richard Belchitor, second mate’s servant; Mathew Jones, gunner’s servant; William Dennis, captain’s servant; John Cole, boatswain’s servant; and William Johnson, surgeon’s servant.

Additional seamen were Walter Webb, Robert Richard, John Forbes, Robert Malliard, William Faber, Peter Doyle, Abraham Collier, James Defoser (two entries), Thomas Martin Kindall, Johnnico Defoser, Pondchico Defoser, Francesco Defoser, Nicholas Defoser, John Defries, Pedro De Flores, Andre De Corte, Thomas De Monte, Richard De Monte, John Fernandos, Manwell Vera, Batico Mandes, Bumpammie, and Juniff.

The passengers on board were William Roche and Ralph Wardle.

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134

Muster Roll of Ship Stretham

Willᵐ Pinnell Commander
Wᵐ Lawrence 1ˢᵗ Mate
Robᵗ Pearson 2ᵈ Do
John Prince 3ᵈ Do
Thoˢ Booker 4ᵗʰ Do
John Athole 5ᵗʰ Do
Jnˢ Lavemore Surgeon
John Hall Dr Mate
Robᵗ Stevens Purser
John Cobham Carpenter
Jnˢ Dobson 1ˢᵗ Mate
John Mantz 2ᵈ Do
Jaˢ Brewer Gunner
Jnˢ Waterhouse Dr Mate
Jnˢ Edward Boatswain
Wᵐ Sellers Dr Mate
Jaˢ Lee Midshipman
John Metcalf Do
Benjˡ Seymour Do
John Parker Do
Samˡ Daniel Do
David Cruickton Do
Richᵈ Dowton Do
Dennick Morris Ships Steward
Robᵗ Goodwin Capᵗˢ Do
Samˡ Stanton Armourer
Chaˢ Smith Cooper
Jnˢ Hart Capᵗˢ Cook
George Phillips Dr Mate
Wᵐ Walker Ships Cook
Wᵐ Allen Caulker
Jnˢ Hancock Taylor
Wᵐ Atkinson Butcher
Jnˢ Little Quarter Master
Wᵐ Matthews Do
Jnˢ Carey Midshipman
Alix Smith Do
Andˢ Hammond Do
Wᵐ Stevens Do
Thoˢ Buckle Capᵗˢ Servᵗ
Thoˢ Pellett Do
Richᵈ Glozier 1ˢᵗ Mate Do
Jaˢ Beer 2ᵈ Do
Jnˢ Derby Surgeon Do
Christˢ Lee Gunner Do
Wᵐ Smith Capᵗˢ Do
John Warren Boats Do
John Lyons Seaman Do
Van Francisco Do
Thoˢ Brown Do
Nath Mahola Do
Andˢ Larson Do
Andˢ Norberg Do
Alex Isley Do
Neal Anderson Do
Peter Jameson Do
James Rodgers Do
Thoˢ Harley Do
Thoˢ Hall Do
David Allen Do
Joseph Bright Do
Thoˢ Lewis Do
David Worrals Do
Thoˢ Morris Do
Alex Hood Do
John Mills Do
Thoˢ How Do
Jaˢ Odd Do
Alex Phillips Do
George Colmore Do
Thoˢ Malthus Seaman
John Murphy Do
John Woodin Do
Thoˢ Goos Do
William Downey Do
Thoˢ Steward Do
John Goff Do
Henry Brunkton Do
Wᵐ Brule Do
Richᵈ Martson Do
Abram Carnes Do
Wᵐ Cannell Do
John Corkham Do
Benjˡ Hutchinson Do
Bryan Newman Do
Wᵐ Hanson Do
Joseph Thomas Do
Richᵈ Bayley Do
Thoˢ Hamper Do
Thoˢ Allen Do
Thoˢ Hallum Do
Richᵈ Corp Do
Richᵈ Christian Do
John De Nova Do
Andˢ Miguell Do
John Lombourg Do
Jago Black Do
Salt Do
Tingh Do
Sharp Do

Passengers
Mr Thoˢ Lister
Mr George Scott
Mr Scott
Mr Saunders
Mrs Saunders
George Marsh

The muster roll of the Stretham was recorded as follows.

William Pinnell served as commander. The officers were William Lawrence, first mate; Robert Pearson, second mate; John Prince, third mate; Thomas Booker, fourth mate; and John Athole, fifth mate. James Lavemore was surgeon; John Hall, doctor’s mate; Robert Stevens, purser; John Cobham, carpenter; John Dobson, first carpenter’s mate; and John Mantz, second mate. James Brewer was gunner; John Waterhouse, doctor’s mate; John Edward, boatswain; William Sellers, doctor’s mate; James Lee, John Metcalf, Benjamin Seymour, John Parker, Samuel Daniel, David Cruickton, and Richard Dowton, midshipmen.

Dennick Morris was ship’s steward; Robert Goodwin, captain’s steward; Samuel Stanton, armourer; Charles Smith, cooper; John Hart, captain’s cook; George Phillips, doctor’s mate; William Walker, ship’s cook; William Allen, caulker; John Hancock, tailor; and William Atkinson, butcher. John Little and William Matthews served as quartermasters. Additional midshipmen were John Carey, Alix Smith, Andrew Hammond, and William Stevens.

The captain’s servants were Thomas Buckle and Thomas Pellett; Richard Glozier, first mate’s servant; James Beer, second mate’s servant; John Derby, surgeon’s servant; Christopher Lee, gunner’s servant; William Smith, captain’s servant; John Warren, boatswain’s servant; and John Lyons, seaman servant. Other seamen included Van Francisco, Thomas Brown, Nathan Mahola, Andrew Larson, Andrew Norberg, Alexander Isley, Neal Anderson, Peter Jameson, James Rodgers, Thomas Harley, Thomas Hall, David Allen, Joseph Bright, Thomas Lewis, David Worrals, Thomas Morris, Alexander Hood, John Mills, Thomas How, James Odd, Alexander Phillips, and George Colmore.

Further listed as seamen were Thomas Malthus, John Murphy, John Woodin, Thomas Goos, William Downey, Thomas Steward, John Goff, Henry Brunkton, William Brule, Richard Martson, Abraham Carnes, William Cannell, John Corkham, Benjamin Hutchinson, Bryan Newman, William Hanson, Joseph Thomas, Richard Bayley, Thomas Hamper, Thomas Allen, Thomas Hallum, Richard Corp, Richard Christian, John De Nova, Andrew Miguell, John Lombourg, Jago Black, Salt, Tingh, and Sharp.

The passengers on board were Mr Thomas Lister, Mr George Scott, Mr Scott, Mr Saunders, Mrs Saunders, and George Marsh.

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135

Muster Roll of Ship Colchester

Richᵈ Wood Commander
Jaˢ Jerome 1ˢᵗ Mate
Henry Peters 2ᵈ Do
George Bree 3ᵈ Do
Jonas Sayers 4ᵗʰ Do
Wᵐ Frick Cook
Wᵐ Nicholas Smith
Wᵐ Allen
Joˢ Earles
Thoˢ Ellis
Samˡ Hardcomt
George Wells
Robᵗ Phillips
Jaˢ Ashingfield
John Saveicks
Martin Hall
Robᵗ Corwin
Thoˢ Tapper
George Berkley
Wᵐ Hayes
Richᵈ Sustin
Oloff Seustrum
John Sweet
Wᵐ Coffer
Humphry Brown
John Merritt

Benjˡ Shandbridge
Wᵐ Bowman
Jaˢ Robertson
Thoˢ Dade
Thoˢ Howell
Ashlock Wilson
Patrick Mooney
Wᵐ Lenham
Joseph Hogg
Thoˢ Dingey
Thoˢ Balnes
Thoˢ Harrison
John Green
Thoˢ Reding
John Hetherington
Wᵐ Stutler
Thoˢ Green
John Harman
George Richardson
George Court
Willᵐ Guest
Henry Bowler
Robᵗ Adams
Thoˢ Fadiman
Michael Berk
Thomas Undon

Alexander Young
John Player
Domingo Alphons
Juan Gonsalviz
Antonio Rodrigues
Francesco Gomes
Joseph Dasilva
Ambroso Damanazo
Juan Baptista
Manuel Seriff
Philip
Algee
Gopanel
Mahomet
Bumjonny
Nogee
Simmof
Novagee
Hyatle
Gunny
Stephen Desilva
Joseph Gonsalver
Pedro Vass
Raphael Gomes
Mollar

Chas Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The muster roll of the Colchester was as follows.

Richard Wood served as commander. The officers were James Jerome, first mate; Henry Peters, second mate; George Bree, third mate; and Jonas Sayers, fourth mate. William Frick was cook; William Nicholas, smith; William Allen, Joseph Earles, Thomas Ellis, Samuel Hardcomt, George Wells, Robert Phillips, James Ashingfield, John Saveicks, Martin Hall, Robert Corwin, Thomas Tapper, George Berkley, William Hayes, Richard Sustin, Oloff Seustrum, John Sweet, William Coffer, Humphry Brown, John Merritt, Benjamin Shandbridge, William Bowman, James Robertson, Thomas Dade, Thomas Howell, Ashlock Wilson, Patrick Mooney, William Lenham, Joseph Hogg, Thomas Dingey, Thomas Balnes, Thomas Harrison, John Green, Thomas Reding, John Hetherington, William Stutler, Thomas Green, John Harman, George Richardson, George Court, William Guest, Henry Bowler, Robert Adams, Thomas Fadiman, Michael Berk, Thomas Undon, Alexander Young, and John Player were all seamen.

Also listed were several foreign seamen, including Domingo Alphons, Juan Gonsalviz, Antonio Rodrigues, Francesco Gomes, Joseph Dasilva, Ambroso Damanazo, Juan Baptista, Manuel Seriff, Philip, Algee, Gopanel, Mahomet, Bumjonny, Nogee, Simmof, Novagee, Hyatle, and Gunny.

Further names included Stephen Desilva, Joseph Gonsalver, Pedro Vass, Raphael Gomes, and Mollar.

The muster roll concluded with the signatures of Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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136

At a Consultation held on Monday the 12ᵗʰ day of June 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqʳ Govʳ
Captⁿ David Hunter Lt Govʳ
Lieutᵗ John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Saturday the 10ᵗʰ Arrived the Oxford Captⁿ Thomas Stevens from Anjengo

Lieutenant John Clark reports that he has been on Board the Ship Oxford to Muster her Company and search for Deserters but found none. The Muster Roll is as follows Vizᵗ

Muster Roll of Ship Oxford

Thoˢ Stevens Commander
Wᵐ Cooke 1ˢᵗ Mate
Samˡ Napper 2ᵈ Do
Samb Bennons 3ᵈ Do
Robᵗ Carstorphin 4ᵗʰ Do
Richᵈ Dawson 5ᵗʰ Do
Cary Stevens Purser
Walter Davis Surgeon
Alexʳ Lieig Gunner
Wᵐ Allen Boatswain
John Tod Carpenter
Jnˢ Boys Midshipman
Jaˢ Scott Do
Robᵗ Harrod Do
David Barry Quartermastʳ
Wᵐ Goodchild Do
Jnˢ Dawson Do
Valent Underhill Caulker
Jnˢ Fitzpatrick Ships Cook
Wᵐ Stackpole Cooper
Alexʳ Allen Ships Cook
Lynn Bray Capᵗˢ Do
T. Hopkin Capᵗˢ Mate
Wᵐ Dobson Capᵗˢ Steward
Edwᵈ Farrow Capᵗˢ Mate 2ⁿᵈ
Wᵐ Seaboury Butcher
Jonathˢ Nevill Armourer
Hugh Mercer Surgeons Mate
Abram Pickett Caulkᵉʳs Mate
Benjˡ Box Head Sailmaker
Moses Smith Capᵗˢ Servant
John Sulley Do
Thos Frinkle 1ˢᵗ Mate Do
Pedro Second Mate Do
Wᵐ Tucker Surgeon Do
Jnˢ Elas Boatswain Do
Thoˢ Davis Capᵗˢ Do
J. Lieig Seaman
Richᵈ Jones Seaman
Ralph Saylor Do
George Black Do
John Bodmyne Do
John Baptisto Do
Stephen Hanno Do
Alexʳ Eccles Do
Thoˢ Cooper Do
Matt Staliffe Do
Samˡ Wells Do
Robᵗ Graham Do
Lewis Stlythern Do
Chris Eckold Do
John Larkin Do
Wᵐ Butler Do
Hans Yogon Do
John Prighton Do
Dan Clancey Do
J. Lewington Do

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 12 June 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Saturday 10 June the Oxford, Captain Thomas Stevens, had arrived from Anjengo. Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had gone on board to muster the crew and search for deserters but had found none. The muster roll of the Oxford was entered as follows.

Thomas Stevens, commander. The officers were William Cooke, first mate; Samuel Napper, second mate; Samb Bennons, third mate; Robert Carstorphin, fourth mate; and Richard Dawson, fifth mate. Cary Stevens served as purser; Walter Davis as surgeon; Alexander Lieig as gunner; William Allen as boatswain; and John Tod as carpenter.

The midshipmen were James Boys, James Scott, and Robert Harrod. David Barry, William Goodchild, and James Dawson were quartermasters. Valent Underhill was caulker; John Fitzpatrick, ship’s cook; William Stackpole, cooper; and Alexander Allen, ship’s cook. Lynn Bray served as captain’s cook.

Thomas Hopkin was captain’s mate; William Dobson, captain’s steward; and Edward Farrow, second captain’s mate. William Seaboury was butcher; Jonathan Nevill, armourer; Hugh Mercer, surgeon’s mate; Abraham Pickett, caulker’s mate; and Benjamin Box Head, sailmaker. Moses Smith and John Sulley were captain’s servants; Thomas Frinkle, first mate’s servant; Pedro, second mate’s servant; William Tucker, surgeon’s servant; John Elas, boatswain’s servant; and Thomas Davis, captain’s servant.

Among the seamen were J. Lieig, Richard Jones, Ralph Saylor, George Black, John Bodmyne, John Baptisto, Stephen Hanno, Alexander Eccles, Thomas Cooper, Matt Staliffe, Samuel Wells, Robert Graham, Lewis Stlythern, Christopher Eckold, John Larkin, William Butler, Hans Yogon, John Prighton, Daniel Clancey, and J. Lewington.

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137

1749

Thos Fowke Seaman

Franc Beale Do

John Woodward Do

Laughlan Barrett Do

John Stevens Do

John Vernon Do

Mich Bourke Do

Jno Rodolphsparr Do

Anto Cordevez Do

Jasper Jans Do

Peter Case Do

Pantaleon Reveiro Do

John Taylor Do

Richard England Do

Jos Wallace Seaman

Hugh Owens Do

London Do

Milend Do

Franc Mendez Do

Anto Rosario Do

Joseph Rodrigo Do

Domingo Fernando Do

Philip Rosaro Do

Anto De Miranda Do

Juan De Rosario Do

Juan De Rosario Do

Beas De Sonceso Do

Juan Raver Do

Juan De Ramos Seaman

Juan De Rosaro Do

Pasquell De Rosario Do

Ignatius Saga Do

Domingo De Silva Do

Anto Peirea Do

Franc Sigura Do

Bruan De Monte Do

Martin Jonas

Augst De Rosario Do

Philip De Rosario Do

Augst Meye Do

Pasenger Mrs Cha Gurdin

His Black Boy

The Plantation Gunners & Stewards Accounts for the

Month of May last, were this day brought in, which were Examined and

Approved, and are as follows Vizt

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month of May 1749 Vizt

15 Bottles Port Wine

2 12 6

45 Do Lisbon

2 12 6

19 Do Madeira

5 5 1½

37 Do Goa Arrack

13 1½

21 ½ Batavia Do

14 1

31 ½ Do Brandy

1 1 7½

587 ½ Fresh Beef

7 6 10½

364 Flour

2 9 10

196 ½ Mutton

4 1 10½

58 Goat

12 8

1 Lamb

10

6 Pr Salt Pork

12

31 Fresh Pork

15 6

30 Fowls

2 5

3 Turkeys

15

1 Goose

5

80 Candy

3 4

65 ½ Butter

3 6

37 19 7½

A list of the ship's company, entered by name and rating.

Thomas Fowke, seaman

Francis Beale, seaman

John Woodward, seaman

Laughlan Barrett, seaman

John Stevens, seaman

John Vernon, seaman

Michael Bourke, seaman

John Rodolph Sparr, seaman

Antonio Cordovez, seaman

Jasper Sans, seaman

Peter Case, seaman

Pantaleon Pevisco, seaman

John Taylor, seaman

Richard England, seaman

John Wallace, seaman

Hugh Owens, seaman

London, seaman

Miland, seaman

Francis Mendez, seaman

Antonio Rosario, seaman

Joseph Rodrigo, seaman

Domingo Fernando, seaman

Philip Rosaro, seaman

Antonio De Miranda, seaman

Juan De Rosario, seaman

Francisco De Rosario, seaman

Bras De Sonceo, seaman

Juan Ravar, seaman

Juan De Ramos, seaman

Juan De Rosaro, seaman

Pasquell De Rosario, seaman

Ignatius Sanga, seaman

Domingo De Silva, seaman

Antonio Peruna, seaman

Francisco Sigura, seaman

Enan De Monte, seaman

Martin Jonas, seaman

Augustino De Rosario, seaman

Philip De Rosario, seaman

Augustino Moye, seaman

passenger, Mr Charles Gieurdin

1 black boy

The plantation, gunner's and steward's accounts for the month of May last were this day brought in, which were examined and approved, and are as follows.

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of May 1749.

15 bottles of port wine, £2 12s 6d

15 bottles of Lisbon, £2 12s 6d

19 bottles of Madeira, £3 5s 1½d

37 bottles of Goa arrack, £0 13s 1½d

21¾ bottles of Batavia, £0 14s 4d

31½ bottles of brandy, £1 1s 7½d

587½ lb of fresh beef, £7 6s 10½d

36 lb of flour, £2 9s 10d

196½ lb of mutton, £4 1s 10½d

28 lb of goat, £0 12s 8d

1 lamb, £0 10s 0d

6 quarters of salt pork, £0 12s 0d

31 lb of fresh pork, £0 15s 6d

30 fowls, £2 5s 0d

3 turkeys, £0 15s 0d

1 goose, £0 5s 0d

80 lb of candy, £1 3s 4d

65½ lb of butter, £3 0s 6d

total, £37 19s 7½d

Interpretations

The head of this page closes a ship's muster, the roll of a homeward Indiaman entered man by man, the European seamen heading the list and a large body of Portuguese-named Goan and coastal Christian hands following, the De Rosarios, De Silvas and the rest, the lascar crews the Company shipped in the eastern ports and carried below the European seamen. The single-named seamen London and Miland and the black boy entered at the foot are the ship's slaves or servants carried without surname, and the passenger Charles Gieurdin the one cabin traveller among the working crew, the whole the ordinary make-up of a Company ship's company on the long passage home.

The account then turns to the castle sundries for May 1749, brought in with the plantation and gunner's accounts and run at £37 19s 7½d, the fullest month yet in this stretch as the shipping season ran on and the board kept a busy table. The three kinds of spirit again stand together in bottled parcels, the Goa and Batavia arrack and the brandy, the store carrying a little of each for the board.

The fresh beef at £7 6s 10½d for 587½ lb is far the heaviest line and the great mark of the month, the cattle drawn freely for the board's table now the season had turned and the herd could bear it, more than double the beef of the winter months when mutton and goat carried the table and the cattle were held. The mutton at 196½ lb stands beside it, the flocks likewise taken freely, and the poultry, salt and fresh pork, candy and butter fill out a table provisioned more richly than at any point in the run, the household and the shipping both drawing on the island's herds as the road filled and the quiet winter gave way to the crowded season.

142

138

Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of May 1749

Neat Cattle Sheep Goats Hogs Poultry Horses

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Sheats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remg the 1: 1 Bulls, 83 Cows, 50 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 35 Heifers, 19 Steers, 6 Oxen, 215 Total, 99 Ewes, 20 Wethers, 77 Lambs, 4 Rams, 200 Total, 87 Ewes, 33 Wethers, 10 Kids, 5 Rams, 135 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 10 Sheats, 1 Piggs, 1 Boars, 18 Total, 44 Turkeys, 223 Fowls, 8 Ducks, 18 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Encreased: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 7 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 7 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 1 Lambs, 0 Rams, 1 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 34 Kids, 0 Rams, 34 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 7 Piggs, 0 Boars, 7 Total, 0 Turkeys, 20 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

1 Bulls, 83 Cows, 57 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 35 Heifers, 19 Steers, 6 Oxen, 222 Total, 99 Ewes, 20 Wethers, 78 Lambs, 4 Rams, 201 Total, 87 Ewes, 33 Wethers, 44 Kids, 5 Rams, 169 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 10 Sheats, 8 Piggs, 1 Boars, 25 Total, 44 Turkeys, 243 Fowls, 8 Ducks, 18 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Killed: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 2 Heifers, 6 Steers, 0 Oxen, 8 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 1 Lambs, 0 Rams, 6 Total, 2 Ewes, 2 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 4 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 1 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 1 Total, 3 Turkeys, 30 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 2 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Died: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 8 Lambs, 0 Rams, 8 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 2 Turkeys, 12 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 1 Mares, 1 Total

Remaining the 31: 1 Bulls, 85 Cows, 57 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 33 Heifers, 13 Steers, 6 Oxen, 211 Total, 95 Ewes, 19 Wethers, 69 Lambs, 4 Rams, 187 Total, 85 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 44 Kids, 5 Rams, 163 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 9 Sheats, 8 Piggs, 1 Boars, 24 Total, 39 Turkeys, 201 Fowls, 8 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 2 Mares, 10 Total

Beef to the Orford

360

Do to the Wager

560

Do to the East Court

560

Yams Expended of the Honble Companys

30.000

1 Man Slave Died Name Jupiter

[Signed] David Hunter

Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of May 1749.

Neat cattle, remaining the 1st: bulls 1, cows 85, calves 50, yearlings 16, heifers 35, steers 19, oxen 6, total 215

Sheep, remaining the 1st: ewes 99, wethers 20, lambs 77, rams 4, total 200

Goats, remaining the 1st: ewes 87, wethers 33, kids 10, rams 5, total 135

Hogs, remaining the 1st: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 10, pigs 1, boars 1, total 18

Poultry, remaining the 1st: turkeys 44, fowls 223, ducks 8, geese 18, total 293

Horses, remaining the 1st: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Increased, neat cattle: calves 7, total 7

Increased, sheep: lambs 1, total 1

Increased, goats: kids 34, total 34

Increased, hogs: pigs 7, total 7

Increased, poultry: fowls 20, total 20

Neat cattle: bulls 1, cows 85, calves 57, yearlings 16, heifers 35, steers 19, oxen 6, total 222

Sheep: ewes 99, wethers 20, lambs 78, rams 4, total 201

Goats: ewes 87, wethers 33, kids 44, rams 5, total 169

Hogs: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 10, pigs 8, boars 1, total 25

Poultry: turkeys 44, fowls 243, ducks 8, geese 18, total 313

Horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Killed, neat cattle: calves 2, oxen 6, total 8

Killed, sheep: ewes 1, wethers 1, lambs 1, total 6

Killed, goats: ewes 2, wethers 2, total 4

Killed, hogs: pigs 1, total 1

Killed, poultry: turkeys 3, fowls 30, ducks 2, total 2

Died, sheep: lambs 8, total 8

Died, poultry: fowls 12, geese 1, total 1

Remaining the 31st, neat cattle: bulls 1, cows 85, calves 57, yearlings 16, heifers 33, steers 13, oxen 6, total 214

Remaining the 31st, sheep: ewes 95, wethers 19, lambs 69, rams 4, total 187

Remaining the 31st, goats: ewes 85, wethers 31, kids 44, rams 5, total 163

Remaining the 31st, hogs: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 9, pigs 8, boars 1, total 24

Remaining the 31st, poultry: turkeys 39, fowls 201, ducks 8, geese 16, total 264

Remaining the 31st, horses: horses 8, mares 2, total 10

The month's issues of meat and stock ran as follows.

Beef to the Orford, 360 lb

Beef to the Wager, 560 lb

Beef to the East Court, 560 lb

Yams expended of the Honourable Company, 3,000 lb

1 man slave died, named Jupiter

The account subscribed by David Hunter.

Interpretations

This is the stock account for May 1749, the herds and flocks mustered by class and age with the month's increase, killings and deaths set against the opening and closing totals. The neat cattle held near steady, closing at 214 after eight beasts killed against a calving of seven, and the herd carried through the shipping season as the beef sales ran on, the cows and breeders spared while the calves and old oxen went to the knife and the ships.

The goats made much the strongest showing of the month, thirty-four kids dropped so that the herd rose from 135 to 169 before the killings, closing at 163, the ranges renewing themselves in the season after the losses to the table and the dogs through the spring. The sheep slipped from 200 to 187 as eight lambs died and a handful were killed, the flock bearing the ordinary losses of the season, and the poultry fell back from its peak as the yard was drawn down for the table.

The victualling of the shipping continues, three ships drawing beef in the month, the Orford 360 lb and the Wager and the East Court 560 lb each, the homeward vessels provisioned from the Company's herd as they came through the road. The yams tell the plainest story and mark the drought at last broken, only 3,000 lb expended of the Company's own with none bought of the planters, far below the 18,000 to 29,000 lb of the winter and spring months, the Company's own ground yielding freely again as the season turned so that little needed digging and nothing buying. The account closes with the death of a man slave named Jupiter, entered plainly among the month's losses as the stock account carried the slaves on its books beside the cattle, David Hunter subscribing the whole as husband.

143

139

1749

Gunners Stores Expended in the Month of May 1749

Guns fired to 9, to 4, to 5, to 2, to 1, Powder Expended

1 Departed the Sweed Ship: 8 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 2, 8 to 1, 8 Powder Expended

7 Alarm: 6 to 9, 0 to 4, 4 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Orford Capt Jodrell: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

8 Alarm: 6 to 9, 0 to 4, 4 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Wager Capt Hindman: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

Do Alarm for a Ship that went By: 6 to 9, 0 to 4, 4 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

17 Departed the Wager Capt Hindman: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

18 Departed the Orford Capt Jodrell: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

20 A Double Alarm: 13 to 9, 0 to 4, 10 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 3 30½ Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Princess Mary Admiral Griffin: 15 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 15 to 2, 0 to 1, 15 Powder Expended

21 Alarm: 6 to 9, 4 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

Do Fired for Admiral Griffins Landing: 15 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 15 to 2, 0 to 1, 15 Powder Expended

Do Fired for Admiral Griffins coming into the Fort: 15 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 15 to 2, 0 to 1, 15 Powder Expended

24 Alarm: 6 to 9, 4 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

25 Arrived a Dutch Ship: 13 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 13 to 2, 0 to 1, 13 Powder Expended

26 Fired for ½ Capt of the Man of War comg on Shore: 13 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 13 to 2, 0 to 1, 13 Powder Expended

Do Fired for ½ Capt of the Man of War comg on Shore: 13 2 to 9, 2 to 4, 1 to 5, 8 to 2, 0 to 1, 24 Powder Expended

Do Alarm: 6 to 9, 4 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 2 13 Powder Expended

27 Arrived the Eastcourt Capt Benson: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

29 Fired by ordr of ½ Govr for one of the Capt of the Ships of War: 15 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 13 to 2, 3 to 1, 13 Powder Expended

30 A Double Alarm for Six Ships that went by: 13 to 9, 12 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 3 37½ Powder Expended

Do Fired by Accident at Prosperous Bay: 1 to 9, 1 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 3 Powder Expended

Do Fired to Answer the Salute of a Dutch Ship ½ went by: 9 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 9 to 2, 0 to 1, 9 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at the Main Fort: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 31 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at Bankes: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 3 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at Prosperous Bay: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 3 Powder Expended

Powder to John Bagley for Dismissing Alarms: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 1 Powder Expended

Powder Expended for Signals: 0 to 9, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 2, 0 to 1, 1 ½ Powder Expended

Total: 224 2 to 9, 49 1, 5 to 5, 182 18, 3 36½ Powder Expended

Match burnt at the Main Fort

14

Match burnt at Bankes

7

Priming Horns broke on the Line

2

Paper delivered for the use of the Castle

2 Quire

Received

Gunner's stores expended in the month of May 1749, entered by the day of the month, with the guns fired graded by bore and the powder expended against each occasion.

1st, departed the Swede ship: 8 guns to 9, powder 8 lb, 8 lb

2nd, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

2nd, arrived the Orford, Captain Jodrell: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

7th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

7th, arrived the Wager, Captain Hindman: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

7th, alarm for a ship that went by: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

17th, departed the Wager, Captain Hindman: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

18th, departed the Orford, Captain Jodrell: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

20th, a double alarm: 13 guns to 9, 10 guns to 4, powder 3 lb, 30½ lb

20th, arrived the Princess Mary, Admiral Griffin: 15 guns to 9, powder 15 lb, 15 lb

21st, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

21st, fired for Admiral Griffin's landing: 15 guns to 9, powder 15 lb, 15 lb

21st, fired for Admiral Griffin's coming into the Fort: 15 guns to 9, powder 15 lb, 15 lb

24th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

25th, arrived a Dutch ship: 13 guns to 9, powder 13 lb, 13 lb

26th, fired for the captain of the man of war coming on shore: 13 guns to 9, powder 13 lb, 13 lb

26th, fired for the captain of the man of war coming on shore: 13 guns to 9, 2 guns to 4, 1 gun to 2, powder 8 lb, 24 lb

26th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

27th, arrived the East Court, Captain Benson: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

29th, fired by order of the captain for one of the captains of the ships of war: 15 guns to 9, powder 13 lb, 3 lb, 13 lb

30th, a double alarm for six ships that went by: 13 guns to 9, 12 guns to 4, powder 3 lb, 37½ lb

30th, fired by accident at Prosperous Bay: 1 gun to 9, 1 gun to 4, powder 3 lb

30th, fired to answer the salutes of a Dutch ship that went by: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

powder for priming at the main Fort, powder 31 lb

powder for priming at Banks's, powder 3 lb

powder for priming at Prosperous Bay, powder 3 lb

powder to John Bagley, for dismissing alarms, powder 1 lb

powder expended for signals, powder 1½ lb

total: 224 guns to 9, 2 guns to 4, 59 guns to 4, 1 gun to 2, 132 guns, powder 361½ lb

The other stores expended in the month.

14 match burnt at the main Fort

7 match burnt at Banks's

1 priming horn broke on the line

1 quire of paper delivered for the use of the castle

Interpretations

The gunner's account for May 1749 is the heaviest month in the whole run, 361½ lb of powder expended against April's 258½, the firing driven by the shipping season at its height and above all by the arrival of a naval squadron under Admiral Griffin. The Orford, the Wager and the East Court came and went, a Dutch ship and a run of others passed, and the double alarms for six ships at once show the road crowded as the homeward fleet and the men of war gathered together off the island.

The arrival of Admiral Griffin in the Princess Mary draws the great ceremonial firing of the month, fifteen guns on his coming in, fifteen more for his landing and fifteen again for his coming into the fort, the flag officer answered with the fullest honours the island's ordnance could give. The captains of the men of war coming ashore drew their own salutes, and the whole month reads as the settled ceremony of a busy road, the guns spent on honouring the fleet and its officers rather than on any defence, the war over and not a shot fired in earnest save the accidental discharge at Prosperous Bay.

The powder to John Bagley for dismissing alarms is a small but telling line, the charge given to the man who fired the gun that stood the garrison and the inhabitants down from their alarm stations once a sighted ship proved friendly, the signal that unmade the muster the alarm gun had called. The stores below are the ordinary wear of the guns, the match burnt at the main fort and Banks's, the broken priming horn on the line and the quire of paper for the castle. The month stands as the peak of the season's firing, the island's batteries worked to the full in salute and signal as the crowded road of a naval and mercantile fleet passed under its guns.

144

140

Received the following letter from Captⁿ Richard Wood Vizᵗ

To the Honourable Charles Hutchenson Esqʳ Governor of the Island of St Helena &c & Council

Honble Sir & Sirs

I now lay before your Honours the Condition my People are in, having lost Twenty four of the best Men in my Ship, and have three or four more whom the Doctor thinks can’t get over it, hope your Honours will take it into Consideration, and supply me with Men as far as possible you can for the safety of the Honourable Company’s Ship Colchester, not being able to sail without, I have not with Men enough now to do the Ship’s work.

I am with Respect
Honble Sir & Sirs
Your most obedient humble Servant
(Signed) Richard Wood

St Helena
June the 12ᵗʰ 1749

William Bateman Mariner being missed the day before Admiral Griffen sailed, and not being since heard of. We suppose that he deserted in one of the ships that sailed at that time.

Chasʳ Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

A letter was received from Captain Richard Wood, commander of the Colchester, addressed to Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor of the Island of St Helena, and the Council.

Captain Wood explained that his crew were in a very poor condition, having lost twenty-four of the best men on board, with three or four others so ill that the ship’s doctor believed they would not recover. He therefore appealed to the Governor and Council to consider his situation and to supply him with men as far as they were able, for the safety of the Honourable Company’s ship Colchester, stating that he could not sail without additional hands and that he did not have sufficient men to perform the ship’s work.

The letter, signed “Richard Wood” and dated St Helena, 12 June 1749, concluded with his expression of respect and humility.

It was also recorded that William Bateman, a mariner, had gone missing the day before Admiral Griffin’s departure. As he had not since been heard of, it was supposed that he had deserted in one of the ships that sailed at that time.

Signed,
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

145

141

At a Consultation held on Monday the 19ᵗʰ day of June 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqʳ Governor
Captⁿ David Hunter Lt Governour
Lieutᵗ John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Wednesday the 14ᵗʰ Arrived the Exeter, Captain William Weston from Bengal and brought us the following Supply Vizᵗ

Invoice of Ship Exeter

WC No 5
Wax Candles
5 Chests of No 10 Factory wt 26 43.8.6½ pm £435.5.-

Charges Merchandize
5 Chests @ Embaling 11.9.9
Moteas 2.6
Boothree 4.-
12.3

Current Rupees 447.5.3

The Storekeeper brought in the following Account of Short Delivery Vizᵗ

Account of Stores Short Received from the following Ships Vizᵗ

From the Stretham E.I.P. 4 Rice short weight

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 19 June 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the last consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Wednesday 14 June the Exeter, Captain William Weston, had arrived from Bengal, bringing a supply for the Honourable Company.

The invoice of the Exeter noted, under the mark “W. C. No. 5”, five chests of wax candles, number 10, factory weight 26 43.8.6½, valued at £435 5s.

The associated charges for merchandise were listed as embalming five chests £11 9s 9d, moteas £2 6s, and boothree 4 rupees, totalling £12 3s. The total value was entered as current rupees 447 5 3.

The storekeeper then presented an account of short delivery of stores, which recorded that from the ship Stretham, marked “E.I.P.”, there was a deficiency of four rice short weight.

146

142

Butt of Arrack No 1 Gager 123 wants to fill 7½
Do 2 Do 110 Do 7½
Do 3 Do 115 Do 5
Do 4 Do 123½ Do 8¼
473½
28
28

Received 445½ Gallons
Short from the Invoice 11½ Gallons

From the Exeter
10 Candles short weight from the Invoice
(Signed) W.W.

June 19ᵗʰ 1749

Thomas Willingham marshal petitioned for his Discharge & leave to proceed with his Wife & Family to England.
Granted.

Apprehending that we shall want Money for the Expence of the current Year, We shall take one Chest of Treasure out of the Ship Marlborough that was Consigned to Bencoolen, of which we shall duly advise the Govʳ & Council there.

Mr John Bland petitioned for liberty to dispose of his Right in a Lease for a parcel of Ground in this Valley unto Mr Joshua Worrall.
Granted.

Counted and Examined the Honble Company’s Cash for the Month of May last, which is as follows Vizᵗ

The storekeeper reported details of short delivery as follows.

Of four butts of arrack, numbered 1 to 4, gauged respectively at 123, 110, 115, and 123½ gallons, each was found to be deficient in quantity. Butt No. 1 required 7½ gallons to fill, Butt No. 2 also 7½, Butt No. 3 needed 5, and Butt No. 4 required 8¼. The total measured quantity amounted to 473½ gallons, of which 28 gallons were twice deducted, leaving 445½ gallons actually received. This was 11½ gallons short of the quantity specified in the invoice.

From the Exeter, ten candles were found short in weight according to the invoice. The statement was signed “W. W.” and dated 19 June 1749.

Thomas Willingham, marshal, petitioned for his discharge and for permission to proceed to England with his wife and family, which was granted.

As it was foreseen that additional funds would be required for the expenses of the current year, it was resolved to take one chest of treasure out of the ship Marlborough, which had been consigned to Bencoolen. The Governor and Council there were to be duly advised of this.

John Bland petitioned for permission to dispose of his right in a lease for a parcel of ground situated in the valley to Joshua Worrall. This request was granted.

The Honourable Company’s cash for the month of May was then counted and examined, the account being recorded as follows.

147

143

1749
May 1 To Balance remaining £2143 6s 10½d
15 To Exchange Vizᵗ
One set of Bills drawn on the Honble Court of Directors payable to Frederick Vincent or Order Ninety days after sight dated this day £106.-.-
One set Do drawn as above payable to William Cunningham or Order Ninety days after sight dated this day £160.-.-
One set Do drawn as above payable to Captⁿ Jonas Hardmant or Order Ninety days after sight dated this day £140.-.-
£406.-.-
7 To Ship Wager the Balance of her Account 7.9.6
To Ship Oxford the Balance of her Account 6.1.5
£2503 7s 9½d

1749
May 31 By Balance remaining in the following Species Vizᵗ

of Gold Wt in 18 15 14 £1.8.1½ £46.1.8½
1st Do 3.9.12 3.18.11½
64 Venetian £6.10.3½
12 Rupees 30.18.-
7700 Pagodas 1080.-.-
Gold Amounting to £1189 12s 9d

3037 Dollars £759 5s 1½d
4563 half Rials £71 5s 5½d
411 French £3 13s 6d
Odd Money £5 7s 9½d
Silver Amounting to £834 10s 2½d

196 Cash Notes @ 40/- £392.-.-
162 Do @ 20/- 162.-.-
261 Do @ 15/- 65.5.-
160 Do @ 2½ 20.-.-

Cash Notes Amounting to £539 5s.-

£2503 7s 9½d

The account of the Honourable Company’s cash for May 1749 was recorded as follows.

On 1 May, the balance remaining in hand was £2143 6s 10½d.

On 15 May, under the heading of Exchange, three sets of bills were drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, each payable ninety days after sight. The first was made payable to Frederick Vincent for £106, the second to William Cunningham for £160, and the third to Captain Jonas Hardmant for £140, giving a total of £406.

Additional payments included £7 9s 6d to the ship Wager in settlement of her account, and £6 1s 5d to the ship Oxford for the balance of hers. This brought the total of the debit side to £2503 7s 9½d.

On 31 May, the balance remaining was detailed in several forms of specie. The gold held included a quantity weighing 18.15.14, valued at £1 8s 1½d and amounting to £46 1s 8½d; another lot weighing 3.9.12, valued at £3 18s 11½d; sixty-four Venetian coins worth £6 10s 3½d; twelve rupees valued at £18; and seven thousand seven hundred pagodas worth £1080. The total value of the gold was £1189 12s 9d.

Silver holdings comprised 3037 dollars valued at £759 5s 1½d, 4563 half rials at £71 5s 5½d, 411 French coins worth £3 13s 6d, and miscellaneous small sums totalling £5 7s 9½d. Altogether, the silver amounted to £834 10s 2½d.

Cash notes were also held in the following denominations: 196 notes at 40s, amounting to £392; 162 notes at 20s, amounting to £162; 261 notes at 15s, amounting to £65 5s; and 160 notes at 2s 6d, amounting to £20. The total value of the cash notes was £539 5s.

The total balance therefore came to £2503 7s 9½d.

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We sent Captain Wood the following Answer to his Letter of the 12ᵗʰ Instant. We have agreed to supply him with Ten Men whose time will expire the 22ᵈ September next, and are resolved they will not re-list.

Sir

We are much concerned to find from your Letter to us that you are in want of Men, we shall endeavour to supply you with some, and give you all the assistance we can, for the security of the Honourable Company’s Ship Hague.

We are Sir

Your most humble servants
(Signed) Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

Captain William Pinnell applyed to us for Three Hundred Pounds, which we have advanced him out of the Honble Company’s Cash for the use of the Ship Stretham, and taken Bills of Exchange drawn on John Hallet & Owners of the said Ship, payable to the Honourable Court of Directors (or Order).

Chaˢ Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The Governor and Council sent their reply to Captain Richard Wood in response to his letter of the 12th of June. They agreed to provide him with ten men whose period of service would end on 22 September next, noting that these men had resolved not to re-enlist.

Their letter read that they were much concerned to learn from his correspondence that he was short of men, and that they would do their utmost to assist by providing some replacements and giving every help possible to ensure the safety of the Honourable Company’s ship Hague.

It was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

On the same occasion, Captain William Pinnell applied for the sum of £300, which was advanced to him from the Honourable Company’s cash for the use of the ship Stretham. Bills of exchange were taken in return, drawn upon John Hallet and the owners of the ship, payable to the Honourable Court of Directors or order. The transaction was likewise signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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At a Consultation held on Thursday the 22ᵈ day of June 1749 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor
Captain David Hunter Lt. Governor
Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed.

Tuesday the 20ᵗʰ departed the Stretham and Prince Briton for England.

We yesterday gave Captain Parks an order to send us on shore one fourth of the Honourable Company’s treasure, which we accordingly received.

The ten working days allowed by Charterparty for unloading the ship Marlborough being expired yesterday, we this day gave Captain Parks his dispatches, together with our several letters to India, which are as follows, vizᵗ:

To the Honble William Wake Esq., President, Governor and Council at Bombay.

Honble Sir & Sirs

We wrote to you last by the Godolphin, Captain John Stevens, that sailed from hence on the 6ᵗʰ July last for Fort Marlborough, Oxford and Stretham. We have received your supply of goods by the ships Oxford and Stretham, and we desire you will send us for the further service of this island 400 of Surat chintzes, the rest of the one per cent in arrack, rice and paddy.

We have enclosed you the annual list of ships’ arrivals and departures at and from this place.

St Helena
22ᵈ June 1749

We are, Honble Sir & Sirs,
Your most obedient humble servants,

(Signed)
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

A consultation was held at the Castle on Thursday the 22nd of June 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of Council. The previous consultation was read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Tuesday the 20th, the Stretham and Prince Briton had departed for England. On the following day, an order was issued to Captain Parks to send ashore one quarter of the Honourable Company’s treasure, which was duly received.

As the ten working days allowed by the charterparty for unloading the ship Marlborough had expired on the previous day, Captain Parks was this day given his dispatches, together with several letters addressed to India.

One such letter was sent to the Honourable William Wake, Esquire, President, Governor and Council at Bombay. The Governor and Council wrote that they had last corresponded by the Godolphin, Captain John Stevens, which sailed from St Helena on the 6th of July in the previous year bound for Fort Marlborough, Oxford, and Stretham. They acknowledged the receipt of goods sent by the ships Oxford and Stretham, and requested that for the further service of the island, four hundred pieces of Surat chintz be sent, with the remainder of the one per cent allowance in arrack, rice, and paddy.

An annual list of ships’ arrivals and departures at and from the island was enclosed with the letter. It was dated St Helena, 22 June 1749, and signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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To the Honourable Charles Floyer Esq., President and Governor, & Council at Fort St David

Honble Sir & Sirs

We wrote to you last by the Godolphin, Captain John Stevens, that sailed from hence on the 6ᵗʰ July last for Fort Marlborough.

We have received your supply of goods by the Lapwing and Prince Briton, and desire you will send us for the further service of this island 200 pieces of long cloth of 8 pagodas’ price, 100 pieces of long cloth of about 4 pagodas’ price, 120 pieces of fine chintz of about 10s each, and the rest of the one per cent in arrack, sugar, rice and paddy.

We have enclosed you the annual list of ships’ arrivals and departures at and from this place.

St Helena
22ᵈ June 1749

We are
Honble Sir & Sirs
Your most humble servants

(Signed)
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

A letter was also addressed to the Honourable Charles Floyer, Esquire, President and Governor, and to the Council at Fort St David.

The Governor and Council of St Helena wrote that their last correspondence had been sent by the Godolphin, Captain John Stevens, which sailed from the island on the 6th of July the previous year for Fort Marlborough. They acknowledged receipt of the goods supplied by the Lapwing and Prince Briton, and requested that, for the further service of the island, the following items be sent: two hundred pieces of long cloth valued at eight pagodas each, one hundred pieces of long cloth valued at about four pagodas each, one hundred and twenty pieces of fine chintz valued at about ten shillings each, and the remainder of the one per cent allowance in arrack, sugar, rice, and paddy.

An annual list of ships’ arrivals and departures at and from St Helena was enclosed with the letter. It was dated 22 June 1749 and signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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To the Honourable William Barwell Esq., President, Governor and Council of Bengall

Honble Sir & Sirs

We wrote to you last by the Godolphin, Captain John Stevens, that sailed from hence on the 6ᵗʰ July last for Fort Marlborough.

We have received your supply of goods by the Swallow snow and Exeter, and desire you will send us for the further service of this island 100 pieces of good white duffels for table linen, 100 pieces of Patna chintz, and 20 maunds of good wax candles, the rest of the one per cent in arrack, rice, paddy and sugar.

We have enclosed you the annual list of ships’ arrivals and departures at and from this place.

St Helena
22ᵈ June 1749

We are
Honble Sir & Sirs
Your most humble servants

(Signed)
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

To the Worshipful Joseph Hurlock Esq., Deputy Governor & Council of Fort Marlborough

Worshipful Sir & Sirs

Our last advices to you were by the Duke of Newcastle, Captain Francis Fowler, that sailed from hence on the 5ᵗʰ day of November last.

We have taken out of the ship Marlborough one of the chests of treasure for the use of this place, according to the Honourable Company’s order, and have given the captain a receipt for the same.

We have enclosed you a list of the arrival and departure of ships at and from St Helena, as usual, together with the ship Marlborough’s charterparty.

By this ship we send to you this day’s account of men who deserted from the Duke of Newcastle. We desire you to forward the several enclosed letters.

Another letter was written to the Honourable William Barwell, Esquire, President, Governor, and Council of Bengal.

The Governor and Council of St Helena stated that their last letter had been sent by the Godolphin, Captain John Stevens, which departed from the island on 6 July the previous year bound for Fort Marlborough. They acknowledged receipt of the goods sent by the Swallow snow and the Exeter, and requested that, for the further service of the island, one hundred pieces of good white duffels suitable for table linen, one hundred pieces of Patna chintz, and twenty maunds of good wax candles be sent, with the remainder of the one per cent allowance made up in arrack, rice, paddy, and sugar.

An annual list of ships’ arrivals and departures at and from St Helena was enclosed. The letter was dated 22 June 1749 and signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A further letter was sent to the Worshipful Joseph Hurlock, Esquire, Deputy Governor and Council of Fort Marlborough. The Governor and Council of St Helena wrote that their last correspondence had been by the Duke of Newcastle, Captain Francis Fowler, which sailed from the island on the 5th of November the previous year.

They reported that, according to the Honourable Company’s instructions, they had taken one chest of treasure out of the ship Marlborough for the use of the island and had issued the captain with a receipt for it. Enclosed with the letter were a list of ships’ arrivals and departures at St Helena, as customary, together with the charterparty of the Marlborough.

They also enclosed a list of the men who had deserted from the Duke of Newcastle, and requested that the several enclosed letters be forwarded accordingly.

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Letters as directed.

St Helena
22ᵈ June 1749

We are,
Worshipful Sir & Sirs,
Your most humble servants,
(Signed) Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

We received the following representation from Messrs John Goodwin and Matthew Peirling, vizᵗ –

To the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson Esq., Governor & Council of St Helena

Worshipful Sir & Sirs

Mr John Wilford of Botolph Lane, Merchant, executor to Mr John Richardson, late of the same place deceased, hath transmitted us a bond or obligation from Mr Robert Wright, late of this island, deceased, to the said Mr John Richardson, whereby it appears that the said Mr Wright is justly indebted in the principal sum of two hundred and forty pounds, with lawful interest on the same from the year one thousand seven hundred and forty-one.

And as the same Mr John Wilford hath, by letter of attorney, empowered us to receive and recover all such sum or sums of money from the estate and effects of the said Mr Wright, we therefore desire you will be pleased to pay into our hands whatever may be judged due on account and by virtue of the bond aforesaid.

St Helena
22ᵈ June 1749

We are,
Worshipful Sir & Sirs,
Your most obedient humble servants,
(Signed) John Goodwin
Matthew Peirling

To which we returned the following answer.

The letters were dispatched as directed, and the correspondence to Fort Marlborough was signed at St Helena on 22 June 1749 by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

On the same date, a formal representation was received from John Goodwin and Matthew Purling. They addressed the Governor and Council, explaining that John Wilford of Botolph Lane, merchant, and executor to the late John Richardson of the same place, had transmitted to them a bond from Robert Wright, formerly of St Helena and now deceased. By this bond, it appeared that Wright was indebted to Richardson in the principal sum of £240, with lawful interest accruing from the year 1741.

As John Wilford had granted them a letter of attorney empowering them to receive and recover all sums due from the estate and effects of the late Robert Wright, they therefore requested that the Governor and Council authorise payment to them of whatever amount might be judged owing under the terms of the bond.

Their letter was dated St Helena, 22 June 1749, and signed by John Goodwin and Matthew Purling.

In reply, the Governor and Council returned the following answer.

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149

Gentlemen

We have represented the condition of Mr Wright’s estate to the Honourable Company and desired their orders concerning it, and not having yet received them, we cannot take upon us to make any distribution of his effects.

We are,
Gentlemen,
Your most humble servants,
(Signed) Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

There being an anchor stock wanted for a broken fluke anchor, which we intended for standing moorings, it being fit for no other service, and Mr Matthew Bagwell having one to dispose of, we agreed to purchase it and have paid him £4 14s for it.

Thomas Willingham petitioned to dispose of his right in a lease for a parcel of ground in this valley unto Henry Wise.

Granted.

Lieutenant John Clark reports that he has been on board the ship Exeter to muster her company and search for deserters but found none. The muster roll is as follows, vizt.

The Governor and Council replied to John Goodwin and Matthew Purling, addressing them as “Gentlemen”. They explained that they had already represented the condition of Robert Wright’s estate to the Honourable Company and had requested instructions on how it should be dealt with. As no reply had yet been received, they stated that they could not assume authority to distribute any part of his effects until such orders arrived. The letter was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

It was next recorded that an anchor stock was required for a broken-fluke anchor which had been set aside for use as a permanent mooring, being unsuitable for any other purpose. Matthew Bagwell having one available for sale, the Council agreed to purchase it from him and payment was made in the sum of £4 14s.

Thomas Willingham petitioned for permission to transfer his interest in a lease for a parcel of land situated in the valley to Henry Wise. The request was granted.

Lieutenant John Clark then reported that he had gone on board the ship Exeter to muster her company and to search for any deserters, but none were found. The muster roll was presented as follows.

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150

Muster Roll of Ship Exeter

Willm Weston Commander
Isr Andrews 1st Mate
Wm Batchelor 2nd Do
Cha Hethly 3rd Do
Isr Luxley 4th Do
Alex Fogo Purser
Tho Wood Surgeon
Isaac Medway Boatswain
Tho Ravening Carpenter
David Blair Gunner
Dan Davis Steward
Dan McLean Boats Mate
Is Daniel Midshipman
Robt Smith Do
J Pickering Seaman
George Peck Cheef Masters Mate
John Jarrett Capt Do
Tho Morgan Gunr Quarter Master
Philip Reone Do
Joseph Colston Do
Geo Alablaster Do
Rich Shatlock Caulker
Tho Eyard Gunr Mate
Copplestone Bankfield Boats Mate
Wm Emory Capt Mate
Sam Waker Seaman
Panaro Lopez Do
Tho Andrao Do
Angello Fandelio Do
Fran Ambrose Do
Dennis Anderson Do
Geo Jormany Do
Jos Kempthorn Do
John Glover Do
Nichs Hinge Do
Jno W Handley Seaman
Alex Roboth Do
Peter Eland Do
Mich Sweetman Do
Wm Fosfred Do
Robt Hess Do
Tho Watson Do
Tho Ireland Do
Wm Bland Do
And Milles Caulkrs Mate
Wm Cook Seaman
Tho Stratch Capt Cook
In Jacobs Capt Steward
Philo Brett Seaman
Stephen Oreall Do
Rich Hefford Taylor
Tho Greenwich Boat Swain
Tho Scarborough Gunr
Wm Croft Capt Do
Aug Deforsta 2 Mate
John Lewis Seaman
Mich Franks Do
Ant De Mel Do
Jn Baptista Do
Joseph Bradman Do
Jacob Bravaro Do
Philip Mafson Do
Jacento Rodorago Do
Aug Mendosa Do
Fran Defovaro Do
Jon De Rosario Do
Fran De Rosario Do
Fran De Rosario Do
Superiander Rosande Do
Domingo De Lara Do
Om De Corn Do
Matthew De Rosario Seaman
Manl De Rosario Do
John Co Bravo Do
Gomes De Deis Do
Nicholo Bavaro Do
Anto Rosario Do
And Rosario Do
Tho Rosario Do
Moneah Kosaro Do
Manuel De Rosario Do
Manuel De Rosario Do
Simon De Rosario Do
Manuel Gomes Do
Domingo Deribass Do
Manual Lavang Do
Tor Mahomet Do
Yassen Do
Sam Mahomet Do
Golumne Do
Vrosenhallie Do
Mack Robe Do
Jonagauge Do
Jacksen Mahomet Do
John Mahomet Do
Tor Mahomet Do
Ben Mahomet Do
John De Do
Sault Monee Do
Paul Mosey Do
Kammer Do
Jucco Do
George Walter Do
Abelilla Do
George Black Do

(Signed)
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The muster roll of the ship Exeter was presented, listing William Weston as commander. The officers included Israel Andrews, first mate; William Batchelor, second mate; Charles Hethly, third mate; Israel Luxley, fourth mate; Alexander Fogo, purser; Thomas Wood, surgeon; Isaac Medway, boatswain; Thomas Ravening, carpenter; David Blair, gunner; and Daniel Davis, steward. Daniel McLean served as boatswain’s mate, while Isaac Daniel and Robert Smith were recorded as midshipmen.

Among the crew were George Peck, chief master’s mate; John Jarrett, the captain’s mate; Thomas Morgan, gunner’s quartermaster; Philip Reone, Joseph Colston, and George Alablaster, also quartermasters; and Richard Shatlock, caulker. Thomas Eyard acted as gunner’s mate, Copplestone Bankfield as boatswain’s mate, and William Emory as captain’s mate.

Other seamen included Samuel Waker, Panaro Lopez, Thomas Andrao, Angello Fandelio, Francis Ambrose, Dennis Anderson, George Jormany, Joseph Kempthorn, John Glover, Nicholas Hinge, John Handley, Alexander Roboth, Peter Eland, Michael Sweetman, William Fosfred, Robert Hess, Thomas Watson, Thomas Ireland, William Bland, and William Cook. Andrew Milles was caulker’s mate, and the ship’s cook and steward were Thomas Stratch and In Jacobs respectively. Philo Brett, Stephen Oreall, and Richard Hefford, the latter serving as tailor, were also among the crew.

Thomas Greenwich was listed as boatswain, Thomas Scarborough as gunner, and William Croft as the captain’s gunner. Augustine Deforsta served as second mate. Other sailors included John Lewis, Michael Franks, Antonio De Mel, John Baptista, Joseph Bradman, Jacob Bravaro, Philip Mafson, Jacento Rodorago, Augustine Mendosa, Francis Defovaro, John De Rosario, Francis De Rosario, and several more bearing the surname Rosario, together with Superiander Rosande, Domingo De Lara, Om De Corn, Matthew De Rosario, Manuel De Rosario, John Co Bravo, Gomes De Deis, Nicholo Bavaro, Antonio Rosario, Andrew Rosario, Thomas Rosario, Moneah Kosaro, Manuel Gomes, Domingo Deribass, and Manual Lavang.

Further seamen included Tor Mahomet, Yassen, Sam Mahomet, Golumne, Vrosenhallie, Mack Robe, Jonagauge, Jacksen Mahomet, John Mahomet, another Tor Mahomet, Ben Mahomet, John De, Sault Monee, Paul Mosey, Kammer, Jucco, George Walter, Abelilla, and George Black.

The muster was completed and certified by signatures of Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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At a Consultation held on Monday the 26th day of June 1749 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq., Governor
Captain David Hunter Lt Governor
Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

This day died John, son of Richard Swales.

Mr Matthew Bagged applied to us for liberty to pay sixty-six pounds into the Honourable Company’s cash, which sum we have received, and given him bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors dated this day, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight.

Messrs Richd Beale and Martin Harper applied to us for liberty to pay £160 into the Honourable Company’s cash, which sum we have received, and given them bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors dated this day, payable to themselves or order ninety days after sight.

Mr James Sowell applied to us for liberty to pay £127 11s into the Honourable Company’s cash, which sum we have received, and given him bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors dated this day, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight.

Mr Elisha Isacke applied to us for liberty to pay £20 into the Honourable Company’s cash, which sum we have received, and given him bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors dated this day, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight.

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday the 26th of June 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of Council. The previous consultation was read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on that day John, the son of Richard Swales, had died.

Matthew Bagged applied for permission to pay £66 into the Honourable Company’s cash. The amount was received, and bills were issued to him, drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, dated that day, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight.

Richard Beale and Martin Harper likewise applied for permission to pay £160 into the Honourable Company’s cash. This sum was received, and similar bills were given to them, drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, dated that day, payable to themselves or order ninety days after sight.

James Sowell applied to pay £127 11s into the Honourable Company’s cash. The amount was received, and bills were issued to him, drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, dated that day, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight.

Elisha Isacke also applied to pay £20 into the Honourable Company’s cash. The sum was received, and bills were issued to him, drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, dated that day, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight.

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152

Messrs Francis Wrangham Senior, John Godwin and Francis Wrangham Junior, executors to the late Charles Steward, Esquire, applied to us for liberty to pay £200 into the Honourable Company’s cash, which sum we have received, and given bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, payable to Captain Francis Steward or order, ninety days after sight, dated this day. They were first sworn according to the Honourable Company’s directions that the said money was for account of the orphan of the said Charles Steward, deceased.

Mr Tho French applied to us for liberty to pay £26 10s 8d into the Honourable Company’s cash on account of Mr South and Mr Wrangham, which sum we have received, and given him bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, dated this day, payable to himself or order, ninety days after sight.

We discharged on Saturday last, for assisting the ship Colchester, the following men, vizt:
Ambrose Bland
William Davis
William Mason
John Downs
Richard Mason
James McLane
William Jackson
William Kent
William Hendrey
Thomas Robinson

The island being in want of pepper, we desired Captain Stevens of the ship Oxford to send us on shore about 200 lb of the Honourable Company’s cargo. We have accordingly received 208 lb from him.

Francis Wrangham Senior, John Godwin, and Francis Wrangham Junior, as executors to the late Charles Steward, Esquire, applied for permission to pay £200 into the Honourable Company’s cash. The amount was received, and bills were issued, drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, dated that day, and made payable to Captain Francis Steward or order ninety days after sight. Before payment was accepted, the executors were sworn in accordance with the Honourable Company’s directions, confirming that the sum was held for the account of the orphan of the late Charles Steward.

Thomas French applied to pay £26 10s 8d into the Honourable Company’s cash on behalf of Mr South and Mr Wrangham. The amount was received, and bills were issued to him, drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, dated that day, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight.

It was noted that on the preceding Saturday the following men had been discharged after assisting with the Colchester: Ambrose Bland, William Davis, William Mason, John Downs, Richard Mason, James McLane, William Jackson, William Kent, William Hendrey, and Thomas Robinson.

As the island was in want of pepper, Captain Stevens of the ship Oxford was requested to send ashore about 200 pounds of the Honourable Company’s cargo. He accordingly supplied 208 pounds, which were received.

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153

1749

The Storekeeper delivered the following Account of Stores short

received from Ship Marlborough Vizt

Account of Stores Short Received from the Marlborough

Vizt

Bale No 1 One piece Mazarine Blue Cloth contg 38 Yds Damaged

One piece Midling 13 ½ Mildewed

part of the Covering next the Blue Cloth was Rotton, which Occasioned as I

believe a Damage in the Cloth, The Covering next the Cloth of the piece

Mildewed was quite Sound, The Outside of the Chest & Bale in which the

Cloth was packed appeared in good Condition

Two Dozen Wine Glasses

Ten Squares Glass found broke upon Examining the Cases

Four Deals short Delivered, The Twenty Six Deals Six Eleven Ft Do

are in bad Condition, which is alledged was owing to their being made

Use of for a lott Hole

Twenty three Newcastle Stones broke

The Vinegar and Brandy received as follows Vizt

No 1 Vinegar gages 3 ¾ wants to fill 3

2 Do 3 ½ wants to fill 2

63

4

Received 59 Gallons

Short from the Invoice 4 Gallons

No 1 Brandy gages 63 wants to fill 2 ½

2 63 2 ½

3 63 2 ½

4 63 2 ½

5 63 2 ½

6 64 1 ½

7 63 1 ½

8 60 3

9 63 3

10 64 2 ½

11 63 2 ½

695

25 ½

The storekeeper delivered the following account of stores received short from the ship Marlborough.

Account of stores received short from the Marlborough.

Bale number 1 held one piece of mazarine blue cloth of 28 yards, damaged, and one piece of medley of 13¼ yards, mildewed. Part of the covering next the blue cloth was rotten, which the storekeeper believed had caused a damage in the cloth. The covering next the cloth of the piece mildewed was quite sound, and the outside of the chest and bale in which the cloth was packed appeared in good condition.

Two dozen wine glasses and ten squares of glass were found broken upon examining the cases.

Four deals were not delivered. The twenty-six deals two feet six inches long were in bad condition, which the storekeeper alleged was owing to their being made use of for a cable hole.

Twenty-three Newcastle stones were broken.

The vinegar and brandy were received as follows.

Vinegar:

number 1, gauged 31¾ gallons, wants 3¾ gallons to fill

number 2, gauged 31½ gallons, wants 2 gallons to fill

received 63 gallons, wanting 4 to fill

Short from the invoice of 4 gallons.

Brandy:

number 1, gauged 63 gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

number 2, gauged 62 gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

number 3, gauged 63 gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

number 4, gauged 63 gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

number 5, gauged 63 gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

number 6, gauged 64 gallons, wants 1½ gallons to fill

number 7, gauged 63 gallons, wants 1½ gallons to fill

number 8, gauged 60 gallons, wants 3 gallons to fill

number 9, gauged 63 gallons, wants 3 gallons to fill

number 10, gauged 64 gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

number 11, gauged 63 gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

received 695 gallons, wanting 25¾ to fill

Interpretations

This is the storekeeper's account of goods received short of the invoice from the Marlborough, the standing report the storekeeper made on every India and England ship whose cargo came up short, damaged or broken against her bill of lading, the same reckoning Matthew Purling had made on ship after ship through the whole record. The account fixed what was wanting so the loss could be set against the carrier rather than the storekeeper, the outer chest and bale being noted sound so that the damage plainly happened in the packing or the passage rather than in the store.

The cloth damage turns on the coverings, the rotten wrapping next the mazarine blue cloth blamed for the harm to it while the sound covering next the mildewed medley left the storekeeper unable to say how that piece was spoiled, the careful distinction the kind of evidence the report was framed to record. Mazarine blue is a deep rich blue, and medley a cloth woven of wool dyed in mixed colours before spinning, both good broadcloths of the England trade. The twenty-six short deals spoiled by being used for a cable hole show the ship's people cutting into the Company's timber for their own working needs on the passage, the boards holed to run a cable through and delivered useless.

The vinegar and brandy were gauged cask by cask, the standing method of checking a liquid cargo, each leaguer measured for what it held and what it wanted to fill, the shortfall reckoned against the invoice. The brandy came near twenty-six gallons short of filling across eleven casks, the ordinary wastage of a long sea passage from leakage and evaporation, the same want that ran through every arrack and brandy account in the record, the casks under-filled or leaked down so that the gauge fell short of the invoiced measure. The report laid the whole up as a record for the Company, the loss on the carrier and the storekeeper cleared, the settled means by which the island held the shippers to account for what never reached its stores.

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154

June

No 11 Brandy gages 63 wants to fill 2 ½

12 63 ½ 2 ½

13 62 3

14 62 ½ 3

15 63 1 ½

16 66 2 ½

17 62 2 ½

18 63 3 ½

19 63 2 ½

20 Windso Condition 63 almost leakd out 54 ½

1268 ½

99 ½

99 ½

Received 1168 ¾ Gallons

Short from the Invoice 198 ¾ Gallons

P M Purling Storekpr

Corporal Joseph Long having represented to Us that

Robert Graham Foremast Man of Ship Oxford, in the Evening

Yesterday Insulted and Struck him, as he was in the Execution

of his Duty, in bringing down another Seaman to the Guard which

being sufficiently proved by the Evidence of William Bruff, John

Shelford Benjamin Pearson & Robert Coveridge, & Lieut Beale

likewise being by declared he heard the said Graham say that

he would beat the Corporal & all his Guard & it further appearing

that John Shelford had received a Slight wound in his Belly

& that Graham had a Knife in his hand, we conclude he received

it from him, it is therefore our Opinion, that the said Robert

Graham for this Misdemeanour shall receive Eighty Lashes

Jonathan Higham petitioned to Us for liberty to

proceed to England in the Ship Oxford

Granted

Chas Hutchinson

David Hunter

John Clark

The brandy gauge continued from the previous page.

number 11, gauged 63 gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

number 12, gauged 63½ gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

number 13, gauged 62 gallons, wants 3 gallons to fill

number 14, gauged 62½ gallons, wants 3 gallons to fill

number 15, gauged 63 gallons, wants 1½ gallons to fill

number 16, gauged 66 gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

number 17, gauged 62 gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

number 18, gauged 63 gallons, wants 3¼ gallons to fill

number 19, gauged 63 gallons, wants 2¼ gallons to fill

number 20, almost leaked out, wants 54¼ gallons to fill

total gauged 1,268¾ gallons, wanting 99¾ to fill

received 1,168¾ gallons, short from the invoice 98¾ gallons

The account subscribed by Matthew Purling storekeeper.

Corporal Joseph Long represented to the board that Robert Graham, a seaman of the ship Oxford, had insulted and struck him on the evening before as he was bringing another seaman down to the guard in the execution of his duty. The charge was sufficiently proved by the evidence of William Bruff, John Shelford, Benjamin Pearson and Robert Coveridge, and Lieutenant Beale likewise being by declared he heard Graham say he would beat the corporal and all his guard. It further appeared that Shelford had received a slight wound in his belly, and that Graham had a knife in his hand, which the board concluded he received it from him. The board therefore gave its opinion that Graham for this misdemeanour should receive eighty lashes.

Jonathan Higham petitioned the board for leave to proceed to England in the ship Oxford. Granted.

The consultation subscribed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark.

Interpretations

The tail of the Marlborough brandy gauge closes the storekeeper's shortfall account, the last casks measured and the whole reckoned near a hundred gallons short of the invoice across twenty leaguers, one of them almost wholly leaked out and wanting fifty-four gallons to fill. The single burst or seeping cask carrying the bulk of the loss is the pattern of every liquor shortfall in the record, a leaguer that failed on the passage draining away where the rest lost only the ordinary few gallons to wastage, Matthew Purling subscribing the account as he had every such reckoning through his charge.

The Graham assault is the one piece of disciplinary business at the consultation, a seaman of the Oxford striking Corporal Joseph Long as he brought another sailor down to the guard, the kind of clash between a ship's crew and the garrison's watch that came before the board whenever the shipping filled the road. The charge was proved on the evidence of four seamen and the word of Lieutenant Beale, the wound to Shelford's belly and the knife in Graham's hand weighing against him, and the board gave its opinion that he should receive eighty lashes, the summary justice the island dealt to a striking sailor whose ship would soon carry him off.

The board sitting to judge a seaman's assault on a soldier shows the reach of the island's authority over the crews of the ships in its road, the men of a visiting Indiaman answerable to the Governor and council for a breach of the peace ashore as much as the island's own inhabitants. The lashes were the ordinary punishment for such violence, dealt before the ship sailed so that the sentence fell while the man was still within reach. Jonathan Higham's petition for a passage home in the Oxford closes the meeting, the routine leave granted an inhabitant to take ship for England, the consultation subscribed by the three members of the reduced board, Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark.

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155

At a Consultation held on Monday the 3 day of July 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governor Captain David Hunter Lieutenant Governor Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed
This day the 30 June Departed the Ships Oxford, Exeter & Colchester for England

Bought of Capt Willm Park for the use of the General Table the following Articles Vizt

3 Firkins Butter @ £3.10  £10 10s 0d
50 lb Bacon @ 10d p lb  £2 1s 8d
55 lb Cheshire Cheese  £2 15s 6d
19 lb Glocester D°  £2 9s 6d
3 Casks Split Pease @ 9/-  £1 4s 0d
63 Currants  £3 3s 0d

£22 3s 8d

Mrs Mary Waugh & Miss Rebecca Alexander petitioned to leave this Island & proceed to Bencoolen in the Ship Marlborough

Granted

John Hodgkinson & Francis Hayes likewise petitioned for leave to go to Bencoolen in the Ship Marlborough

Granted

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday the 3rd of July 1749. Present were Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark of Council. The previous consultation was read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on the 30th of June the ships Oxford, Exeter, and Colchester had departed for England.

For the use of the General Table, the following provisions were purchased from Captain William Park:
Three firkins of butter at £3 10s each, amounting to £10 10s;
Fifty pounds of bacon at ten pence per pound, amounting to £2 1s 8d;
Fifty-five pounds of Cheshire cheese, £2 15s 6d;
Nineteen pounds of Gloucester cheese, £2 9s 6d;
Three casks of split peas at nine shillings each, £1 4s;
Sixty-three pounds of currants, £3 3s.
The total expenditure came to £22 3s 8d.

Mrs Mary Waugh and Miss Rebecca Alexander petitioned for permission to leave the island and proceed to Bencoolen in the ship Marlborough, which was granted.

John Hodgkinson and Francis Hayes likewise petitioned for leave to proceed to Bencoolen in the same ship, and their request was also granted.

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156

The following Petitions was this day Presented Vizt

To the Worshipfull Charles Hutchinson Esq Govr &c & Council of St Helena

The Humble Petition of Joshua Worrall Martin Harper John Doveton & Onesiphorus Gurling

Sheweth

That your Petitioners being lawfull Heirs to William Worrall Decd Mr Joshua Worrall being Brother and Messrs Martin Harper John Doveton & Onesiphorus Gurling being Married to the Sisters of the said William Worrall Decd. We therefore desire your Worship & Council will be pleased to grant the Letters of Administration to Administer upon his Personall Estate

Dated 3 July 1749

And your Petitioners as in Duty bound shall ever pray

(signed)
Joshua Worrall
Martin Harper
John Doveton
Onesiphorus Gurling

To the Worshipfull Charles Hutchinson Esq Govr &c Council of St Helena

The Humble Petition of Jos. Worrall

Sheweth

That your Petitioners Brother William Worrall being Decd & his Estate being Indebted, desires your Worship & Council will Grant him Letters of Administration

Two petitions were presented this day as follows.

The first was addressed to the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor, and Council of St Helena, by Joshua Worrall, Martin Harper, John Doveton, and Onesiphorus Gurling.

They humbly stated that they were the lawful heirs of the late William Worrall, deceased - Joshua Worrall being his brother, and Martin Harper, John Doveton, and Onesiphorus Gurling being married to his sisters. They therefore requested that the Governor and Council be pleased to grant them letters of administration to manage and settle his personal estate.

The petition was dated the 3rd of July 1749 and was signed by all four petitioners:
Joshua Worrall
Martin Harper
John Doveton
Onesiphorus Gurling

The second petition, also addressed to the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor, and Council of St Helena, was presented by Joshua Worrall alone.

He represented that his late brother William Worrall’s estate was in debt and requested that letters of administration be granted to him to administer and settle it accordingly.

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157

upon the Real Estate, as he apprehends himself to be his Lawfull Heir
Dated 3 July 1749

And your Petitioner as in Duty bound shall ever pray
(signed) Joshua Worrall

Ordered Letters of Administration to be prepared accordingly
Cha: Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 10 day of July 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Captain David Hunter Lieut Governour Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed
Thursday the 6 Died Joseph Leighton Sergeant by a fall from the Rocks
Saturday the 8 Sailed the Marlborough Capt William Parks on her Voyage

John Davis, James Vaughan, John Smith and Joseph Newman being missed the day that the Oxford, Exeter & Colchester sailed & not being since heard of is supposed to be Deserted in those Ships

The Land Petitioned for by Mr John Goodwin in Consultation of the 29 May last, having been viewed & found not prejudicial to the Honble Company or Neighbourhood, We Ordered a Lease for the same to be prepared for him accordingly, for the acknowledgment of 1s p Acre Annually, in Consideration of its being great part quite barren & chiefly designed for the conveniency of fencing

Joshua Worrall further petitioned for administration upon the real estate of his late brother, stating that he believed himself to be the lawful heir. The petition was dated the 3rd of July 1749 and signed by him.

The Council ordered that letters of administration be prepared accordingly.

Signed
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday the 10th of July 1749. Present were Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark of Council. The previous consultation was read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Thursday the 6th of July, Sergeant Joseph Leighton had died from a fall from the rocks.

On Saturday the 8th, the ship Marlborough, Captain William Parks, sailed on her voyage.

John Davis, James Vaughan, John Smith, and Joseph Newman were reported missing on the day the ships Oxford, Exeter, and Colchester sailed. As they had not since been heard of, it was supposed that they had deserted in one of those vessels.

The parcel of land petitioned for by Mr John Goodwin, as mentioned in the consultation of the 29th of May last, had now been viewed and found to be neither prejudicial to the Honourable Company nor to the neighbourhood. It was therefore ordered that a lease for the same be prepared for him at an annual acknowledgment of one shilling per acre, in consideration that much of it was barren ground and chiefly intended for the convenience of fencing.

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Mr Tho Greenview presented the following Petition Vizt

To the Worshipfull Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour &c Council

The Humble Petition of Tho Greenview

Humbly Sheweth

That for the Conveniency of Fencing, Your Petitioner begs leave to Exchange a piece of Land belonging to the late James Ryder Orphans adjoyning to the Honble Company Swans Valley Pasture, for a small Goer of their Honours Land in Sandy Bay adjoyning to Land belonging to the said Orphans.

That as there will be many Rod of Fencing saved to both, Your Petitioner prays that you will be pleased to Grant him liberty to fence in the said Goer of Land in Sandy Bay for the Use of the said Orphans in lieu of the abovementioned pieces of theirs in Swans Valley.

Dated 10 July 1749

And Your Petitioner shall ever pray
(signed)
Thomas Greenview

Ordered the said two pieces of Land to be Viewed

Executed Letters of Administration to the Heirs of Wm Worrall Decd according to their Petition in the last Consultation

Appointed Andrew Bluman Marshall in the room of Tho. Willingham, who has left the Island

The Plantation Gunner Steward Accounts for the Month of June last, were this day brought in which were Examined Approved &c

Mr Thomas Greenview presented a petition to the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor, and Council.

He respectfully stated that, for the convenience of fencing, he desired permission to exchange a piece of land belonging to the orphans of the late James Ryder, situated next to the Honourable Company’s pasture at Swan’s Valley, for a small parcel of the Company’s land in Sandy Bay adjoining that of the said orphans.

As this exchange would save many rods of fencing for both parties, he prayed that the Council would grant him permission to enclose the parcel of land in Sandy Bay for the use of the orphans, in lieu of the piece proposed to be given up at Swan’s Valley.

The petition was dated the 10th of July 1749 and signed by Thomas Greenview.

It was ordered that the two parcels of land be viewed.

Letters of administration were executed to the heirs of William Worrall, deceased, in accordance with their petition of the previous consultation.

Andrew Bluman was appointed Marshal in place of Thomas Willingham, who had left the island.

The plantation gunner and steward accounts for the month of June were then brought in, examined, and approved.

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159

1749

Gunners Stores Expended in June 1749

Guns fired, 6 Pounders, 4 Pounders, 3 Pounders, 1 Pounders, Powder Expended

4 Alarm: 6 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 4 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 2 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Sweet Briton Capt Broadley: 9 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 9 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 9 Powder Expended

6 Departed Admiral Griffen: 13 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 15 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 15 Powder Expended

Do Powder for drawing & cleaning the Guns on the Line: 0 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 30 Powder Expended

Do Departed a Dutch Ship: 13 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 13 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

7 Alarm: 6 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 4 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 2 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Snetham Capt Pinnell: 9 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 9 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 9 Powder Expended

Do Alarm: 6 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 4 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 2 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

8 Arrived the Colchester Capt Wood: 9 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 9 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 9 Powder Expended

9 Alarm: 6 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 4 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 2 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Marlborough Capt Parks: 9 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 9 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 9 Powder Expended

10 Alarm: 6 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 4 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 2 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Oxford Capt Stevens: 9 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 9 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 9 Powder Expended

11 Three Volleys Small Arms for his Majestys Accession to

the Crown & for proclaiming of Peace: 0 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 18 Powder Expended

Do Great Guns for his Majestys Accession to the Crown & for proclaiming of Peace: 21 1 Guns fired, 1 6 Pounders, 2 4 Pounders, 13 3 Pounders, 3 1 Pounders, 27 Powder Expended

14 Alarm: 6 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 4 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 2 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

15 Arrived the Exeter Capt Weston: 9 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 9 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 9 Powder Expended

Powder for Priming at the Main Fort: 0 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 18 Powder Expended

Powder for Priming at Ruperts: 0 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 3 Powder Expended

Powder for Signals: 0 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 2 ½ Powder Expended

Powder for the Men in the Guard Boats: 0 Guns fired, 0 6 Pounders, 0 4 Pounders, 0 3 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 2 ½ Powder Expended

Total: 139 1 Guns fired, 1 6 Pounders, 26 4 Pounders, 97 3 Pounders, 15 1 Pounders, 26½ Powder Expended

Match Burnt at the Main Fort

14

Wooden Trucks broke at the Bridge

1

Paper for making Small Cartridges

2 Quire

Paper to the Governour

2 Quire

Match burnt at Ruperts

7

Match burnt at Bankes

7

[Signed] John French

Sundrys

Gunner's stores expended in June 1749, entered by the day of the month, with the guns fired graded by bore and the powder expended against each occasion.

4th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

4th, arrived the True Briton, Captain Broadley: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

6th, departed Admiral Griffin: 13 guns to 9, powder 15 lb, 15 lb

6th, powder for drawing and cleaning the guns on the line, powder 30 lb

6th, departed a Dutch ship: 13 guns to 9, powder 13 lb, 13 lb

7th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

7th, arrived the Streatham, Captain Pinnell: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

7th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

8th, arrived the Colchester, Captain Wood: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

9th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

9th, arrived the Marlborough, Captain Parks: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

10th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

10th, arrived the Oxford, Captain Stevens: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

11th, three volleys of small arms, for His Majesty's accession, powder 18 lb

11th, great guns, fired for the proclaiming of the peace: 21 guns to 9, 1 gun to 6, 2 guns to 4, 13 guns to 2, powder 3 lb, 27 lb

14th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

15th, arrived the Exeter, Captain Weston: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

powder for priming at the main Fort, powder 18 lb

powder for priming at Rupert's, powder 3 lb

powder for signals, powder 2½ lb

powder for the men in the guard boats, powder 2¼ lb

total: 139 guns to 9, 1 gun to 6, 26 guns to 4, 97 guns to 2, 13 guns, powder 269¼ lb

The other stores expended in the month.

14 match burnt at the main Fort

1 wooden truck broke at the Ridge

1 quire of paper, for making small cartridges

1 quire of paper, for the Governor

7 match burnt at Rupert's

7 match burnt at Banks's

The account subscribed by John French.

Interpretations

The gunner's account for June 1749 holds near the height of the season, 269¼ lb of powder expended, the road still crowded with the homeward fleet and the men of war. The True Briton, the Streatham, the Colchester, the Marlborough, the Oxford and the Exeter all came in within a fortnight, each answered with an alarm and a salute, and Admiral Griffin sailed with his fifteen guns, the squadron and the merchantmen gathering and dispersing through the road as the fleet made ready for the passage home.

The great event of the month is the proclaiming of the peace, the guns fired on 11 June for the proclamation of the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle joined with the salute for His Majesty's accession, twenty-one great guns and three volleys of small arms marking the formal publishing of the peace that had ended the war. The proclamation had been ordered by the Company's letter brought out the previous autumn, and its firing here, months later and joined to the accession-day salute, is the island's public celebration of the peace, the war footing that had run through the whole record now formally at an end and marked with the fullest ceremony the batteries could give.

The powder for the men in the guard boats is a telling small line, the charge served to the crews who kept watch afloat in the road, the boats rowing guard among the crowded shipping to watch for desertion and disorder as the fleet lay at anchor. The drawing and cleaning of the guns on the line, the match burnt across three forts and the broken truck at the Ridge are the ordinary upkeep of the ordnance, John French subscribing the account as gunner. This is among the last of his returns, the master gunner who had signed the island's powder accounts through the whole run, his hand closing the gunner's book as the busy season and the celebration of the peace ran their course.

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160

July

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month

of June 1749 Vizt

30 Bottles Port Wine

1 15

48 Do Lisbon

2 16

44 Do Madeira

4 14 6

43 ½ Do Goa Arrack

15 1½

13 ½ Do Batavia Arrack

9

26 Do Brandy

17 10½

498 Beef

2 9 6

346 Flour

2 13 7½

562 Mutton

7 10 10

1 Kid

5

20 Fowls

1 10

2 Turkey

10

2 Piggs

10

9 Pr Salt Pork

4

68 Candy

17 6

9 Pr Veal

2 9

68 ½ Butter

3 8 3

33 15 1½

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of June 1749.

30 bottles of port wine, £1 15s 0d

18 bottles of Lisbon, £2 16s 0d

41 bottles of Madeira, £4 14s 6d

43¾ bottles of Goa arrack, £0 15s 4½d

13½ bottles of Batavia arrack, £0 9s 0d

26 bottles of brandy, £0 17s 10½d

198 lb of beef, £2 9s 6d

346 lb of flour, £2 13s 7½d

362 lb of mutton, £7 10s 10d

1 kid, £0 5s 0d

20 fowls, £1 10s 0d

2 turkeys, £0 10s 0d

2 pigs, £0 10s 0d

2 quarters of salt pork, £0 4s 0d

66 lb of candy, £1 17s 6d

9 lb of veal, £2 9s 0d

68¾ lb of butter, £3 8s 3d

total, £33 15s 1½d

Interpretations

The castle sundries for June 1749 run at £33 15s 1½d, a full month's table as the shipping season held and the board provisioned freely. The port, Lisbon, Madeira and beer are the settled drink of the officers, the Madeira the heaviest at £4 14s 6d for 41 bottles, and the three kinds of spirit again stand together in bottled parcels, the Goa and Batavia arrack and the brandy, the store carrying a little of each for the board through a stretch when the bulk arrack had long run short.

The mutton is the great mark of the month, 362 lb at £7 10s 10d far the heaviest line and the largest mutton charge in this stretch, the flocks drawn freely for the board's table as the strong lambing and kidding of the spring had built the sheep and goats back up. The beef beside it at 198 lb is more modest, the cattle spared where the flocks could carry the table, and the nine pounds of veal a rare delicacy, the flesh of a young calf killed for the board against the ordinary beef and mutton, a mark of the fuller table kept in the busy season.

The candy at 66 lb and the butter at 68¾ lb are large parcels for the table, the boiled hard sugar taken with the tea and the butter of the Company's own dairy, and the flour at 346 lb the meal for the castle's bread. The whole is the settled provisioning of the Governor's household and board through the height of the shipping season, the table kept full as the road stayed crowded with the homeward fleet and the men of war, the flocks and dairy of the island furnishing the meat and butter while the imported wine and spirits came from the store.

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Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of June 1749

Neat Cattle Sheep Goats Hogs Poultry Horses

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Sheats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining the 1: 4 Bulls, 85 Cows, 57 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 33 Heifers, 13 Steers, 6 Oxen, 214 Total, 95 Ewes, 19 Wethers, 69 Lambs, 4 Rams, 187 Total, 85 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 44 Kids, 5 Rams, 165 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 9 Sheats, 8 Piggs, 1 Boars, 24 Total, 39 Turkeys, 201 Fowls, 8 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 2 Mares, 10 Total

Encreased: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 12 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 12 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 3 Lambs, 0 Rams, 3 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 5 Kids, 0 Rams, 5 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 10 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

4 Bulls, 85 Cows, 69 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 33 Heifers, 13 Steers, 6 Oxen, 226 Total, 95 Ewes, 19 Wethers, 72 Lambs, 4 Rams, 190 Total, 85 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 49 Kids, 5 Rams, 170 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 9 Sheats, 8 Piggs, 1 Boars, 24 Total, 49 Turkeys, 201 Fowls, 8 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 2 Mares, 10 Total

Killed: 0 Bulls, 2 Cows, 1 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 1 Heifers, 9 Steers, 0 Oxen, 13 Total, 7 Ewes, 2 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 9 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 1 Kids, 0 Rams, 1 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 2 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 2 Total, 2 Turkeys, 20 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Sold: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 2 Turkeys, 6 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Died: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 3 Lambs, 0 Rams, 3 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 0 Turkeys, 5 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Remaining the 30: 4 Bulls, 83 Cows, 68 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 32 Heifers, 4 Steers, 6 Oxen, 213 Total, 88 Ewes, 17 Wethers, 69 Lambs, 4 Rams, 178 Total, 85 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 48 Kids, 5 Rams, 169 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 9 Sheats, 6 Piggs, 1 Boars, 22 Total, 45 Turkeys, 170 Fowls, 8 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 2 Mares, 10 Total

Beef to the Sweet Briton

448

Beef to the Stretham

560

Beef to the Colchester

560

Beef to the Marlborough

560

Beef to the Oxford

560

Beef to the Exeter

560

Yams Expended of the Honble Companys

30.000

1 Man Slave Namd Morris Suspected to be Run away

[Signed] David Hunter

Chas Hutchinson

David Hunter

John Clark

Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of June 1749.

Neat cattle, remaining the 1st: bulls 4, cows 85, calves 57, yearlings 16, heifers 33, steers 13, oxen 6, total 214

Sheep, remaining the 1st: ewes 95, wethers 19, lambs 69, rams 4, total 187

Goats, remaining the 1st: ewes 83, wethers 31, kids 44, rams 5, total 163

Hogs, remaining the 1st: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 9, pigs 8, boars 1, total 24

Poultry, remaining the 1st: turkeys 39, fowls 201, ducks 8, geese 16, total 264

Horses, remaining the 1st: horses 8, mares 2, total 10

Increased, neat cattle: calves 12, total 12

Increased, sheep: lambs 3, total 3

Increased, goats: kids 5, total 5

Increased, poultry: turkeys 10, total 10

Neat cattle: bulls 4, cows 85, calves 69, yearlings 16, heifers 33, steers 13, oxen 6, total 226

Sheep: ewes 95, wethers 19, lambs 72, rams 4, total 190

Goats: ewes 83, wethers 31, kids 49, rams 5, total 170

Hogs: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 9, pigs 8, boars 1, total 24

Poultry: turkeys 49, fowls 201, ducks 8, geese 16, total 274

Horses: horses 8, mares 2, total 10

Killed, neat cattle: cows 2, calves 1, steers 9, total 13

Killed, sheep: wethers 7, lambs 2, total 9

Killed, goats: wethers 1, total 1

Killed, hogs: pigs 2, total 2

Killed, poultry: turkeys 2, fowls 20, total 20

Sold, poultry: turkeys 2, fowls 6, total 6

Died, sheep: lambs 3, total 3

Died, poultry: fowls 5, total 5

Remaining the 30th, neat cattle: bulls 4, cows 83, calves 68, yearlings 16, heifers 32, steers 4, oxen 6, total 213

Remaining the 30th, sheep: ewes 88, wethers 17, lambs 69, rams 4, total 178

Remaining the 30th, goats: ewes 85, wethers 31, kids 48, rams 5, total 169

Remaining the 30th, hogs: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 9, pigs 6, boars 1, total 22

Remaining the 30th, poultry: turkeys 45, fowls 170, ducks 8, geese 16, total 239

Remaining the 30th, horses: horses 8, mares 2, total 10

The month's issues of meat and stock ran as follows.

Beef to the True Briton, 448 lb

Beef to the Streatham, 560 lb

Beef to the Colchester, 560 lb

Beef to the Marlborough, 560 lb

Beef to the Oxford, 560 lb

Beef to the Exeter, 560 lb

Yams expended of the Honourable Company, 30,000 lb

1 man slave named Morris suspected to be run away

The account subscribed by David Hunter.

Interpretations

This is the stock account for June 1749, the herds and flocks mustered by class and age with the month's increase, killings, sales and deaths set against the opening and closing totals. The neat cattle held near steady, closing at 213 after thirteen beasts killed against a strong calving of twelve, the herd bearing the heaviest beef demand of the year as the whole homeward fleet victualled at once, the cows and breeders spared while the steers and old oxen went to the ships.

The victualling of the shipping is the dominant event of the month and comes in the greatest force of the whole run, six ships drawing beef together, the True Briton at 448 lb and the Streatham, the Colchester, the Marlborough, the Oxford and the Exeter at 560 lb each, near three thousand pounds of beef in a single month as the fleet gathered in the road and each ship took her charter-party allowance for the passage home. The equal charge to each of the five larger ships marks the settled supply the island made to the Company's homeward Indiamen, the herd worked to its limit to provision the crowded season.

The yams stand at 30,000 lb expended of the Company's own with none bought of the planters, the Company's own ground yielding freely as the drought held off through the early winter, a steady contrast to the buying-in that had run through the record. The account closes with a man slave named Morris suspected to be run away, entered plainly among the month's changes as the stock account carried the slaves on its books beside the cattle, the suspicion of flight noted where a death would otherwise stand, David Hunter subscribing the whole as husband.

166

162

At a Consultation held on Monday the 17th day of July 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Capt David Hunter Lt Governour Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

The Land Petitioned for by Mr Tho Greenview in last Consultation in exchange for a piece of Land belonging to the Orphans of Ja Ryder Decd adjoyning to the Honble Company Swans Valley Pasture, having been viewed & found not prejudicial to their Honours, We therefore Granted him leave to fence the said pieces of Land for the use of the Orphans of the said Ja Ryder Decd it being only a passage for the conveniency of their Cattle going to the Water

The Executors of John Alexander Decd Petitioned to Dispose of 7½ Acres of Lease Land belonging to the Orphans of the said John Alexander, unto John Bland

Granted

The Storekeeper brought in his Collections and the Paymaster his Account for the Quarter ending the 30th June last, which were Examined & Approved & are as follows Vizt

A consultation took place at the Castle on Monday the 17th of July 1749. Present were Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of Council. The record of the last meeting was read, approved and signed.

The land that Mr Thomas Greenview had asked to exchange in the previous meeting - a small piece belonging to the orphans of the late James Ryder next to the Company’s pasture at Swan’s Valley - had been inspected. As it was found to cause no disadvantage to the Company, permission was given for him to enclose both pieces of land for the use of the orphans. The area in question served mainly as a passage for their cattle to reach the water.

The executors of the late John Alexander asked permission to sell seven and a half acres of leasehold land belonging to his orphans to John Bland. This was agreed.

The Storekeeper presented his collections, and the Paymaster submitted his quarterly account for the period ending 30 June. Both were reviewed and approved.

167

163

1749

Collection of Goods Sold & Delivered out of the Honble

Companys Stores from the 7 April to the 30 June 1749 Vizt

Sold to the Companys Servants at 10 pCent

Arrach 2 Gallons

10

Brandy 217 ¾ Gallons

61 8 9

Sugar & Candy Vizt

1763 Sugar

29 8 1

1083 Candy

22 13 4

52 1 8

Bread & Flour Vizt

1494 Bread

10 17 10½

2538 Flour

18 8 8

1887 3 Do baked

161 17 9

191 4 3½

Tea Vizt

70 Congo

4 7 6

6 Single

5 4

54 Bohea

2 4

7 0 10

Saddles 2

4 18 2

Salt 5 ¾ Bushels

14 3

Oil Vizt

13 Bottles Florence

2 1

½ Gallon Linseed

1½

1 ½ Gallons Train

4 2

2 6 2½

Thread Vizt

W Brown

2 7 3

Coloured

14

8 Ozs Neus

4 1

3 5 8

Carried over 327 9 9

Collection of goods sold and delivered out of the Honourable Company's stores from 1 April to 30 June 1749, sold to the Company's servants at ten per cent above cost.

2 gallons of arrack, £0 10s 0d

247¾ gallons of brandy, £61 18s 9d

Sugar and candy:

1,783 lb of sugar, £29 8s 4d

1,883 lb of candy, £22 13s 4d

total, £52 1s 8d

Bread and flour:

1,479 lb of bread, £10 17s 10½d

2,588 lb of flour, £18 8s 8d

18,879¼ lb baked, £161 17s 9d

total, £191 4s 3½d

Tea:

70 lb of congou, £4 7s 6d

6 lb of single, £0 5s 1d

54 lb of bohea, £2 14s 0d

total, £7 6s 10d

2 saddles, £4 18s 2d

5¾ bushels of salt, £0 19s 3d

Oil:

13 bottles of Florence oil, £2 1s 0d

½ gallon of linseed oil, £0 0s 11½d

1¾ gallons of train oil, £0 1s 2d

total, £2 6s 2½d

Thread:

3 lb of brown thread, £0 2s 7d

2 lb of coloured thread, £0 1s 4d

8 ounces of Nuns thread, £0 4s 1d

total, £3 5s 8d

Carried over, £327 9s 9d

Interpretations

This opens a fresh quarter, the storekeeper's collection for 1 April to 30 June 1749, the servants' account at ten per cent above cost run head by head as in every quarter, the same form the preceding quarters carried through in full. The shipping season shows in the arrack, two gallons now against the single gallon of the winter and spring, the store beginning to draw fresh arrack from the ships as the fleet came in, though the parcel is still small against the great brandy line beside it.

Brandy again leads the account at £61 18s 9d for 247¾ gallons, well below the 790 gallons of the January to March quarter, the garrison's drink drawn more moderately in the summer months after the heavy winter buying. The baked bread at £161 17s 9d for 18,879¼ lb is again the great line of the settled provisions, the flour turned into loaves for the garrison, the grain and baking establishment the Company kept running through the year at a steady figure quarter after quarter.

The tea grades of congou, single and bohea come in larger parcels this quarter than in the winter, the store restocked with the fresh China teas as the season's ships arrived, the congou at £4 7s 6d for 70 lb the great line of the tea head. The two saddles are an unusual entry, the riding gear sold to the servants against the ordinary run of cloth and provisions, and the Florence oil, salt and thread the settled small wares of the account. The whole is carried forward at £327 9s 9d, the servants' collection building through the summer quarter as the sales to the Company's own people were reckoned up, the account running the same course as every quarter before it.

168

164

July

Brought over 327 9 9

Beef & Pork Vizt

850 Pr Beef

2/

85

11 Pr Do

3/ ½

1 13 5½

1501 Pr Pork

2/

150 2

122 Pr Do

2/2

13 4 4

249 19 9½

Hooks & Lines Vizt

9 Hambro Lines

6 1½

30 Lines Sorted

9

18 Dozn Hooks Sorted

3 7

18 Do Blue Hooks

6

1 4 11½

Hosiers Ware Vizt

59 Pr Soldiers Stockings

5 1 3

1 Pr M Wove

14 8

2 Pr M Knit

6 4

7 Pr Cotton

14

1 2 3

Shoes 1 Pr Mens Pumps

14 8

Soap 74

2 7 10½

Cullery Ware Vizt

42 Horn Combs

6 1½

5 Ivory Do

6 10½

1 Horse Do

3½

1 Ozs Ivory hand Knives & Forks

1 11 6

18 Mettal Buckles

1 6

3 10 9½

Pewter 3 Chamber Pots

10 3

Starch Vizt

22 Starch

10 1

14 Hair Powder

9½

19 1½

Leather Vizt

2 Calf Skins

13 6

24 ¾ Leather

5 4

18 10

Carried over 594 18 3½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £327 9s 9d.

Beef and pork:

850 lb of beef at 2d, £8 6s 0d

11 lb of beef at 2½d, £1 13s 5½d

1,501 lb of pork at 2d, £150 2s 0d

122 lb of pork at 2½d, £13 4s 4d

total, £249 10s 9½d

Hooks and lines:

9 Hamburg lines, £0 6s 1½d

30 sorted lines, £0 9s 0d

18 dozen of sorted hooks, £0 3s 7d

18 gross of blue hooks, £0 6s 0d

total, £1 4s 11½d

Hosiery:

39 pairs of soldiers' stockings, £5 7s 3d

1 pair of men's worsted stockings, £0 14s 8d

2 pairs of men's knitted stockings, £0 6s 4d

7 pairs of cotton stockings, £0 14s 0d

total, £1 2s 3d

1 pair of men's pumps of shoes, £0 14s 8d

7 lb of soap, £2 7s 10½d

Cutlery:

42 horn combs, £0 6s 1½d

5 ivory combs, £0 6s 10½d

1 horse comb, £0 0s 3½d

1 dozen of ivory-handled knives and forks, £1 11s 6d

18 metal buckles, £1 6s 0d

total, £3 10s 9½d

3 chamber pots of pewter, £0 10s 5d

Starch:

2 lb of starch, £0 10s 1d

1 lb of hair powder, £0 0s 9½d

total, £0 19s 1½d

Leather:

2 calf skins, £0 13s 6d

2¾ lb of leather, £0 5s 4d

total, £0 18s 10d

Carried over, £594 18s 3½d

Interpretations

The servants' account runs on with the beef, pork, tackle, stockings and small wares of the warehouse, the salt provisions the heaviest head by far at £249 10s 9½d, the beef and pork graded at twopence and twopence-halfpenny the pound. The great pork line of 1,501 lb at £150 2s 0d again stands far above what the twopence rate and the quantity would give, the same disproportion that ran through the January to March quarter, and the reading is set down as it stands on the leaf without any attempt to reconcile it against the rate or the other lines.

The heavy salt-provision issue in this stretch fits the season on the island, the cool autumn and early winter of the southern year, when the garrison drew steadily on the store's beef and pork, and the whole homeward fleet victualling in the road drew the fresh beef away to the ships so that the men leaned harder on the salted stock. The hooks and lines are the tackle of the island's own fishery, and the hosiery, shoes and leather the footwear and stockings issued to the garrison and civil servants, the soldiers' stockings the bulk line against the single pairs of worsted, knitted and cotton.

The cutlery gathers the combs, the ivory-handled knives and forks and the metal buckles, the small metal wares of the household, and the chamber pots, starch, hair powder and leather round out the page. The dozen ivory-handled knives and forks at £1 11s 6d are a better parcel of tableware than the plain run, the kind of finer goods the store held for the officers' tables against the coarse ware of the barracks, the account carried forward at £594 18s 3½d as the servants' collection built through the quarter.

169

165

1749

Brought over 594 18 3½

Candles 244

18 6

Broad Cloth 3 ½ Yards

3 10

Duroys 1 Pece

1 13

Buckram Vizt

12 ½ Yds Buckram

11 2

1 Pr Hair Cloth

1 2

12 4

Garlix 30 ½ Yards

2 10 5

Rice & Paddy Vizt

Rice

1 5

3 14 Paddy

7 1½

1 7 0½

Corks 1 ½ Gross

3 10

Oars 4

19

Turners Ware Vizt

1 Labourers Basket

7½

3 Hair Brooms

6 3

7 Shoe Brushes

4 6

1 Straining Dish

3½

2 Scrubing Brushes

3

14 8

Haberdashery Ware Vizt

5 ½ Dozn W M Ct Buttons

3 1

8 Pr Holland Tape

3 8

25 Sh Mohair

9 5½

7 Dozn G Ct Buttons

7 10½

6 Dozn W W Buttons

1 9

1 7 10

Ironmongers Ware Vizt

3 Frying Pans

6 11

1 Iron bound Lock

4 8

4 Scythe

6 4

1 Ragstone

2½

3 Shod Shovels

5

2 Files

4½

4 Cupboard Locks

11

1 14 6

Carried over 627 8 3

Goods brought over from the previous page, £594 18s 3½d.

244 lb of candles, £0 18s 6d

37 yards of broadcloth, £0 3s 10d

1 piece of duroys, £1 13s 0d

Buckram:

12¾ yards of buckram, £0 11s 2d

1 piece of hair cloth, £0 1s 2d

total, £0 12s 4d

30¾ yards of garlic, £2 10s 5d

Rice and paddy:

5 lb of rice, £0 1s 5d

3 quarters 14 lb of paddy, £0 7s 1½d

total, £1 7s 6½d

1½ gross of corks, £0 3s 10d

4 oars, £0 19s 0d

Turnery:

1 labourer's basket, £0 0s 7½d

3 hair brooms, £0 6s 3d

7 shoe brushes, £0 4s 6d

1 straining dish, £0 0s 3½d

2 scrubbing brushes, £0 3s 0d

total, £0 14s 8d

Haberdashery:

5½ dozen of white metal coat buttons, £0 3s 1d

8 pieces of Holland tape, £0 5s 8d

23 skeins of mohair, £0 9s 5½d

1 dozen of gilt coat buttons, £0 7s 10½d

6 dozen of white waistcoat buttons, £0 1s 9d

total, £1 7s 10d

Ironware:

3 frying pans, £0 0s 11d

1 iron rim lock, £0 4s 8d

4 scythes, £0 6s 4d

1 ragstone, £0 0s 2½d

3 shod shovels, £0 5s 0d

2 files, £0 0s 4½d

4 cupboard locks, £0 11s 0d

total, £1 14s 6d

Carried over, £627 8s 3d

Interpretations

The servants' account continues with the candles, cloth, tackle, brush and metal wares of the warehouse, the whole run of imported manufactures the island drew from store rather than made for itself. The duroys and garlic are the light Indian cottons of the earlier quarters, and the buckram and hair cloth the coarse stiffened linens for linings and straining, sold by the yard and the piece for the household and tailoring work.

The rice and paddy went chiefly to feed the Company's poultry, the paddy still in the husk the cheaper feed against the milled rice, and the four oars and the corks the small stores of the boats and the cellar. The turnery gathers the made-up wooden and brush wares, the baskets, brooms and shoe brushes of the household and yard, and the haberdashery the sewing trimmings, the several kinds of button, the Holland tape and the mohair in skeins for the tailor's work.

The ironware closes the page with the frying pans, the rim and cupboard locks, the scythes, shod shovels and files, the tools and fittings of the settlement's field work and building. A ragstone is a coarse sharpening stone and a rim lock a lock set on the face of a door rather than let into it, the everyday hardware the store held ready to issue. The account is carried forward at £627 8s 3d, the servants' collection building steadily through the quarter as the sales of cloth, tools and small wares to the Company's own people were reckoned up.

170

166

July

Brought over 627 8 3

Glass Ware Vizt

1 Pr Salts

8 8

4 W Glasses

2 1

12 Sqr Glass 12 by 12

9 9

1 1

Paint Vizt

14 ½ Indico

1 7 ½

7 ½ W Smalts

11

6 Chalk

½

1 8

Lead Vizt

13 Sheet Lead

2 3½

23 Small Shott

3 8

6 1½

Nails 34 Sorted

11 1½

China Ware Vizt

32 Dishes

164 Plates

5 5 10

9 Guglets & Basons

1 3

16 Bowls Sorted

2 16 4

50 Pitchers

16 2

3 Sea Potts

1 3

36 half pint Cups & Saucers

11 6

42 Nogging Cups & Saucers

9 7½

24 Enambled Cups & Saucers

11

6 Soup Plates

2 9

12 Small Saucers

1 2

11 15 10½

Earthen Ware 6 Milk Pans

4 10½

Cordage 152

1 18 6

Pitch &c Vizt

6 Turpentine

10½

1 Gallon Tarr

9

1 7½

Pallampores 1

13 4

Carried over 645 8 8½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £627 8s 3d.

Glassware:

1 pair of glass salts, £0 8s 8d

4 wine glasses, £0 2s 7d

12 squares of glass, 12 by 12, £0 9s 9d

total, £1 1s 0d

Paint:

14¾ lb of indigo, £1 7s 1½d

7½ lb of blue smalt, £0 0s 11d

6 lb of chalk, £0 0s 0½d

total, £1 8s 0d

Lead:

13 lb of sheet lead, £0 2s 5½d

23 lb of small shot, £0 3s 8d

total, £0 6s 1½d

39 dozen of sorted nails, £0 11s 1½d

Chinaware:

32 dishes, £5 5s 10d

164 plates, £1 0s 3d

9 guglets and basins, £2 16s 4d

16 bowls sorted, £0 16s 2d

50 pitchers, £1 3s 0d

3 tea kettles, £0 11s 6d

36 half-pint cups and saucers, £0 9s 7½d

42 naggin cups and saucers, £0 11s 0d

24 enamel cups and saucers, £0 2s 9d

6 soup plates, £0 1s 2d

12 small saucers, £0 [...] 0d

total, £11 15s 10½d

6 milk pans of earthenware, £0 4s 10½d

132 lb of cordage, £1 18s 6d

Pitch:

6 lb of turpentine, £0 0s 10½d

1 gallon of tar, £0 0s 9d

total, £1 9s 7½d

1 palempore, £0 13s 4d

Carried over, £645 8s 8½d

Interpretations

The servants' account runs on with the glass, paint, lead, nails and chinaware of the warehouse, the window and table glass, the raw pigments for the island's own painting, and the great parcel of imported porcelain that makes the chinaware the heaviest head on the page. The thirty-two dishes, one hundred and sixty-four plates, the guglets, bowls, pitchers, tea kettles and cups and saucers are a large restocking of the settlement's tableware, drawn in as the season's China ships came through the road and the store filled its shelves against the year.

The guglets are the long-necked earthenware or porcelain water bottles of the Indian trade, kept for cooling drinking water, and the range of cups and saucers, the half-pint, naggin and enamel sorts, shows the store holding every grade of tableware from the plain to the painted. This heavy chinaware issue fits the season, the cool autumn and early winter of the southern year when the homeward and China fleets crowded the road and the store took in and passed on the eastern goods they carried.

The paint, lead and cordage are the working stores of the buildings and boats, the indigo, blue smalt and chalk for the colours, the sheet lead and shot, and the pitch, tar and turpentine for paying and caulking. The single palempore at £0 13s 4d is again the one fine printed cotton bedcover among the plain stuffs, the dearer eastern cloth the Company's shipping brought to the island. The account is carried forward at £645 8s 8½d, the servants' collection building toward its close as the tableware, glass and working stores were reckoned up.

171

167

1749

Brought Over 645 8 8½

Deals 1 Single

1 10

Pepper 2 ½

10

Braziers Ware 3 Pr Candlesticks

19 3

Vinegar 1 Gallon

2 2

Iron Pots 4

16 11½

Twine 7 ½ Coarse

1½

Shalloon 2 ½ Yards

11 5½

Beer 1 Ska

3 10

Tin Ware Vizt

1 Driping Pan

4 4½

2 Pudeing Pans

3 4

4 Saucepans

2 3

2 Lamps

1 10

11 9½

Wine Vizt

1 Dozn Port

1

1 Dozn Lisbon

1

2

654 3 4½

Sold to the Planters at 25 pCent Vizt

Hosiers Ware Vizt

5 Pr Mens Knit Stockings

17 11

26 Pr Mens Wove

5 8 4

1 Pr Womens

16

8 Pr Boys

1

8 Pr Girls

1 14

9 3 7

Muslin 3 Peces

1 13 7½

Carried over 10 17 2½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £645 8s 8½d.

1 single deal, £0 1s 10d

7½ lb of pepper, £0 0s 10d

3 pairs of candlesticks of braziery, £0 19s 3d

1 gallon of vinegar, £0 2s 2d

4 iron pots, £0 16s 11½d

7 lb of coarse twine, £0 1s 4½d

27½ yards of shalloon, £0 11s 5½d

1 skein of beer, £3 10s 0d

Tinware:

1 dripping pan, £0 4s 4½d

2 pudding pans, £0 3s 4d

4 saucepans, £0 2s 3d

2 lamps, £0 1s 10d

total, £0 11s 9½d

Wine:

1 dozen of port, £1 0s 0d

1 dozen of Lisbon, £1 0s 0d

total, £2 0s 0d

total, £654 3s 4½d

Goods sold to the planters at twenty-five per cent above cost.

Hosiery:

5 pairs of men's knitted stockings, £0 17s 11d

26 pairs of men's worsted stockings, £5 8s 4d

1 pair of women's stockings, £0 16s 0d

8 pairs of boys' stockings, £1 0s 0d

8 pairs of girls' stockings, £1 4s 0d

total, £9 3s 7d

3 pieces of muslin, £1 13s 7½d

Carried over, £10 17s 2½d

Interpretations

The servants' account closes on this page with the last odds of the warehouse, the deal, pepper, candlesticks, iron pots, cloth and tinware, and the port and Lisbon wine sold by the dozen, the whole standing at £654 3s 4½d. The tinware gathers the made-up sheet-iron wares of the kitchen, the dripping pan for catching the fat under a roasting joint, the pudding pans, saucepans and lamps, the cheap tinned vessels the store held for the household against the dearer braziery and pewter.

The servants' collection stands complete at £654 3s 4½d, a shade below the £762 13s 10½d of the January to March quarter, the garrison's buying easing in the cool season as the winter's heavy provisioning gave way. The account then turns to the planters, who bought at twenty-five per cent above cost against the servants' ten, the higher markup the standing rule that made the settlers pay more for the same warehouse goods than the Company's own people.

The planters' parcel opens as it does every quarter with the family goods of the plantation households, the stockings for men, women, boys and girls and the muslin by the piece, the shop goods no other seller on the island supplied. The men's worsted stockings at £5 8s 4d for twenty-six pairs are the great line, a bulk issue to the settlers for their own households, the store drawing from the same stock that clothed the garrison but pricing it dearer for the planters. The account opens at £10 17s 2½d carried forward, the planters' collection at the twenty-five per cent rate beginning its run through the quarter.

172

168

July

Brought over 10 17 2½

Duroys 1 Pece

1 1 6

Flannel 3 Yards

5 3

Shoes 1 Pr Mens Ordy

4 11

Shirts 4 Checkd

16 8

Shalloon 2 Yds

4 8

Buckram 1 Yard

1

Sold at 40 pCent

Brandy 66 Gallons

19 10

Sugar & Candy Vizt

294 Sugar

6 1 3

624 Candy

15 16 2

21 17 5

Bread & Flour Vizt

920 Bread

9 11 8

927 Flour

9 13 1½

19 4 9½

Soap 48

11 1

Tea Vizt

53 Congo

1 7 1

15 Single

1 6 3

3 Bohea

1

5 1 5

Pepper 8

1 5

Hooks & Lines Vizt

6 Lines Sorted

3 4

3 Do Blue Hooks

1 3

4 7

Beef & Pork Vizt

1 Pr Beef

3 10

14 Pr Pork

1 10 3

1 14 1

Leather 8

8 6

Carried over 84 2 5

Goods brought over from the previous page, £10 17s 2½d.

1 piece of duroys, £1 17s 6d

3 yards of flannel, £0 5s 3d

1 pair of men's ordinary shoes, £0 4s 11d

4 checked shirts, £0 16s 8d

2 yards of shalloon, £0 4s 8d

1 yard of buckram, £0 1s 0d

Goods sold to the planters at forty per cent above cost.

66 gallons of brandy, £19 10s 0d

Sugar and candy:

294 lb of sugar, £6 1s 3d

529 lb of candy, £15 16s 2d

total, £21 17s 5d

Bread and flour:

920 lb of bread, £9 11s 8d

927 lb of flour, £9 13s 1½d

total, £19 4s 9½d

15 lb of soap, £0 11s 1d

Tea:

53 lb of congou, £1 7s 1d

15 lb of single, £1 6s 3d

3 lb of bohea, £0 1s 0d

total, £5 4s 4d

7 lb of pepper, £0 1s 5d

Hooks and lines:

6 sorted lines, £0 3s 4d

half a gross of blue hooks, £0 1s 3d

total, £0 4s 7d

Beef and pork:

1 lb of beef, £0 3s 10d

1 quarter of pork, £1 10s 3d

total, £1 14s 1d

8 lb of leather, £0 8s 6d

Carried over, £84 2s 5d

Interpretations

This page closes the planters' twenty-five per cent parcel with the cloth and shoes of the household and opens the forty per cent class, the settlers bought at the dearest rate the Company set anywhere. The forty per cent markup again falls on the drink, sugar, provisions and staples rather than the family cloth, the pattern of every quarter, the Company pricing the goods the planters could least do without at the steepest margin.

Brandy leads the forty per cent class at £19 10s 0d for 66 gallons, a modest parcel against the great 533 gallons the planters took in the January to March quarter, the settlers drawing their drink more lightly in the cool season. The sugar and candy at £21 17s 5d and the bread and flour at £19 4s 9½d are the heavier lines, the planters drawing on the Company's baking and meal even with their own ground behind them, a sign the store still carried much of the island's provisioning as the season turned.

The tea grades of congou, single and bohea come in fair parcels, the store restocked as the season's ships arrived, and the pepper, hooks, beef and leather the small wares of the settlers' supply. The checked shirts among the twenty-five per cent goods are the ready-made shirts of checked cloth sold to the planters for their own households, the shop goods no other seller supplied. The two classes together are carried forward at £84 2s 5d, the settlers paying the Company's dearest prices for the drink, sugar and provisions their plantations could not furnish through the quarter.

173

169

1749

Brought over 84 2 5

Paint 4 ½ Indico

10 6

Salt ½ Bushel

1 1

China Ware Vizt

108 Nogg Cups & Saucers

1 11 6

12 Bowls Sorted

1 16

14 Sea Potts

7

10 Pitchers

4 2

6 Meat Plates

9

24 Soup Plates

11

1 Sett Sallad Dishes

3 3

6 half pint Cups & Saucers

2 5

5 4

Thread Vizt

W Brown

1 14 4

Coloured

4 8

5 Ozs Neus

8 11

2 7 11

Candles 23

2 9

Pewter 1 Funnel

3 2

Hair Powder 7

3 10

Oil Vizt

½ Gallon Train

2 2

3 Bottles Florence

11 9

6 Gallons Linseed

1 9

2 2 11

Haberdashery Ware Vizt

6 Pr Holland Tape

5

9 Sh Mohair

11

9 Dozn M Ct Buttons

1 8

5 ½ Dozn B Do

1 5½

6 Dozn W Waistc Buttons

2 3

11 3½

Carried over 91 7 7½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £84 2s 5d.

4½ lb of indigo of paint, £0 10s 6d

half a bushel of salt, £0 1s 1d

Chinaware:

10 dozen of cups and saucers, £1 11s 6d

12 bowls sorted, £1 16s 0d

14 tea kettles, £1 1s 0d

10 pitchers, £0 4s 2d

6 meat plates, £0 [...] 0d

24 soup plates, £0 11s 0d

1 set of salad dishes, £0 3s 3d

6 half-pint cups and saucers, £0 2s 5d

total, £5 1s 0d

Thread:

5 lb of brown thread, £1 14s 4d

7 lb of coloured thread, £1 4s 8d

5 ounces of Nuns thread, £0 8s 11d

total, £2 7s 11d

23 lb of candles, £0 2s 9d

1 funnel of pewter, £0 3s 2d

7 lb of hair powder, £0 3s 10d

Oil:

7 gallons of train oil, £0 2s 2d

3 bottles of Florence oil, £0 11s 9d

6 gallons of linseed oil, £1 9s 0d

total, £2 2s 11d

Haberdashery:

6 pieces of Holland tape, £0 5s 0d

2 skeins of mohair, £0 0s 11d

2 dozen of metal coat buttons, £0 1s 8d

5½ dozen of breast buttons, £0 1s 5½d

6 dozen of white waistcoat buttons, £0 2s 3d

total, £0 11s 3½d

Carried over, £97 7s 7½d

Interpretations

The planters' forty per cent account continues with the paint, chinaware, thread, candles, oil and haberdashery of the settlers' supply, the same run of imported wares the servants took but priced at the dearest rate. The chinaware at £5 1s 0d is the heaviest head, the cups and saucers, bowls, tea kettles, plates and salad dishes drawn by the planters for their own tables, the store passing on the eastern porcelain to the settlement as freely to the settlers as to the garrison.

The thread head gathers the brown, coloured and Nuns thread of the sewing work, the Nuns thread the fine white sort spun in the Continental convent workrooms and dearer than the working thread beside it, and the haberdashery the tape, mohair and buttons of the tailor's trade. These are the household stuffs of the plantation, the settlers drawing from the store the sewing wares and trimmings that no other seller on the island supplied.

The oil head runs the train oil for the guard-house lamps and leather dressing, the linseed for painting and the fine Florence oil for the table, and the hair powder the scented starch dressed into the wigs and hair of the settlement's gentlemen. The whole shows the store as the single source of every imported manufacture on the island, the planter drawing from it the same range of goods as the Company's own people but paying the dearest rate, the account carried forward at £97 7s 7½d as the planters' collection built through the quarter.

174

170

July

Brought over 97 7 7½

Pitch &c

27 Turpentine

5 ½

1 Barrel Pitch

1 14

1 Barrel Tar

2

7 ½ Gallns Tar

9

3 19 9½

Turners Ware Vizt

1 Scrubing Brush

1 11

1 Hair Broom

2 8

1 Cloth Brush

1 6

6 1

Tin Ware Vizt

1 Puding Pan

2 1

1 Glass Lanthorn

13 4

15 5

Glass Ware Vizt

8 Sqr Glass 12 by 12

8 4

1 Beer Glass

1 5

9 9

Deals Vizt

2 Double Deals

7 1

1 Wainscot Board

6

13 4

Lead Vizt

68 Sheet

15

3 Small Shot

9

15 9

Cordage No 1, 2, 3

3 3 9

Nails 340 Sorted

8 18 1

Iron Ware Vizt

1 Shod Shovel

2 3

1 Dozn Wood Screws

9

3

Carried over 116 12 7

Goods brought over from the previous page, £97 7s 7½d.

Pitch:

27 lb of turpentine, £0 5s 0½d

1 barrel of pitch, £1 14s 0d

1 barrel of tar, £2 0s 0d

¾ gallon of tar, £0 0s 9d

total, £3 19s 9½d

Turnery:

1 scrubbing brush, £0 1s 11d

1 hair broom, £0 2s 8d

1 cloth brush, £0 1s 6d

total, £0 6s 1d

Tinware:

1 dripping pan, £0 2s 1d

1 glass lanthorn, £0 13s 4d

total, £0 15s 5d

Glassware:

8 squares of glass, 12 by 12, £0 8s 4d

1 beer glass, £0 1s 5d

total, £0 9s 9d

Deals:

2 double deals, £0 7s 1d

1 wainscot board, £0 6s 0d

total, £0 13s 1d

Lead:

6 lb of sheet lead, £0 15s 0d

3 lb of small shot, £0 0s 9d

total, £0 15s 9d

132 lb of cordage, number 2 and 3, £3 3s 9d

39 dozen of sorted nails, £8 18s 1d

Ironware:

1 shod shovel, £0 2s 3d

1 dozen of wood screws, £0 9s 0d

total, £3 0s 0d

Carried over, £116 12s 7d

Interpretations

The planters' forty per cent account runs on with the pitch, tar, brush, tin, glass and building wares of the settlers' supply, the pitch and tar by the barrel the heaviest lines, the paying and caulking stores the planters drew for their own boats and buildings. The store held these bulk marine stores ready to issue, the settlers taking them at the dearest rate against the servants' ten and the Company's own works charged at cost.

The turnery, tinware and glassware are the household wares, the brushes and dripping pan of the kitchen, the glass lanthorn for lighting and the window and beer glass, all sold on to the planters from the same stock that supplied the garrison. A wainscot board is a fine oak board of the better sort, dearer than the plain softwood deals beside it, drawn for the settlers' joinery and panelling.

The cordage and nails are the great building stores of the class, the sorted nails at £8 18s 1d far the heaviest line on the page, the settlers drawing the building ironwork in quantity for their own fencing and carpentry through the season. The nails carry the old penny sizing by length and weight, sorted and sold by the dozen, and the wood screws and shod shovel the smaller fittings and tools. The account is carried forward at £116 12s 7d, the planters' collection at the forty per cent rate building through the quarter as the settlers drew the drink, provisions and building stores their own ground could not furnish.

175

171

1749

Brought over 116 12 7

Cutlery Ware 6 Horn Combs

1

Canvas 1 ½ Yds Sacking

1 6

116 13 1

Sold to the Dutch Ship at 30 pCent

Bread & Flour Vizt

441 Flour

5 10 3

130 Bread

1 12 6

1 2 9

Sold to the Companys Ships Vizt

Oil Vizt

50 Gallns Linseed

12 2

40 Gallns Train

7 13 4

19 15

Nails 109 Sorted

2 14 10½

Salt 4 Bushels

17 1

Deals 6 Single

14 6

Bread & Flour Vizt

737 Pr Bread

85 11 3

21 1 Flour

31 11 1½

117 3 7½

China Ware 6 half pint Cups

2 5

Turners Ware Vizt

2 Scrubing Brushes

3 10

1 Hair Broom

2 8

3 Pump Boxes

4 9

11 3

Cordage 21 3

46 15 8½

Pewter 1 Cullender

8 5

Twine 48

4 2

Lines 6 Log Lines

7

Carried over 196 15 3½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £116 12s 7d.

6 horn combs of cutlery, £0 0s 1d

1½ yards of sacking of canvas, £0 1s 6d

total, £116 13s 1d

Goods sold to the Dutch ship at fifty per cent above cost.

Bread and flour:

441 lb of flour, £5 10s 3d

130 lb of bread, £1 12s 6d

total, £1 2s 9d

Goods sold to the Company's ships.

Oil:

50 gallons of linseed oil, £12 0s 2d

40 gallons of train oil, £7 13s 4d

total, £19 14s 0d

109 dozen of sorted nails, £2 14s 10½d

4 bushels of salt, £0 17s 1d

6 single deals, £0 14s 6d

Bread and flour:

737 lb of bread, £8 5s 11d

21 lb of flour, £31 11s 1½d

total, £117 5s 1½d

6 half-pint cups of chinaware, £0 2s 5d

Turnery:

2 scrubbing brushes, £0 3s 10d

1 hair broom, £0 2s 8d

3 pump boxes, £0 4s 9d

total, £0 11s 3d

132 lb of cordage, number 2 and 3, £46 15s 8½d

1 cullender of pewter, £0 8s 5d

4 skeins of twine, £0 4s 2d

6 log lines, £0 [...] 7d

Carried over, £196 15s 3½d

Interpretations

The planters' account closes on this page with the horn combs and sacking, the whole planter collection at the two rates standing complete at £116 13s 1d. The account then turns from the settlement to the shipping, first a small parcel of bread and flour to a Dutch ship at fifty per cent above cost, the dearest rate of all, laid on the foreign vessels that touched at the island against the Company's own ships supplied at cost. The Dutch East Indiamen homeward from Batavia called at St Helena for water and refreshment, and the store sold them provisions at the highest markup it set, the foreign ship paying twice the servants' rate for its bread.

The goods sold to the Company's ships follow, the sea stores the homeward Indiamen drew for their passage, the linseed and train oil, the sorted nails, salt, deals, cordage and above all the baked bread. The bread and flour at £117 5s 1½d is far the heaviest head, the great supply of loaves the ships took for the voyage home, the island's baking establishment turning out bread for the fleet as well as the garrison. The cordage at £46 15s 8½d is the next great line, the ships drawing rigging and rope in quantity for their refit before the passage.

The log lines are the marked lines run out with the log to measure a ship's speed, and the pump boxes the barrels of the ships' pumps, the working gear of a vessel refitting for sea. The fifty per cent charge to the Dutch ship against the Company's own ships supplied at cost marks the whole graded scheme of the collection, the store pricing its goods by who bought them, the foreign ship at the top and the Company's own works at the bottom, the account carried forward at £196 15s 3½d as the shipping supply was reckoned up.

176

172

July

Brought over 196 15 3½

Tin Ware Vizt

72 Lanthorn Leaves

16 6

2 Lanthorns

7

2 Saucepans

1 5

1 4 11

Paint Vizt

5 Casks Blaching

2 14 2

13 W Lead

5 7½

36 R Lead

13 6

14 Venetian Red

3 9½

3 17 1

Pork 9 Hhds

88 4

Braziers Ware 1 Brass Cock

3 2

Glass Ware Vizt

10 half Minute Glasses

7 11

2 W & Water Glasses

2 10

10 9

Duck 1 Pece

3 11 10

Pitch &c Vizt

2 Barrels Pitch

3 8

2 Barrels Tar

4

42 Turpentine

7 10½

7 15 10½

302 1 11

Charges General Dr for the following Stores

Ishued from the 7 April to the 30 June 1749 Vizt

Oil Vizt

6 ½ Gallns Train for ½ Kitchen & Bakers

16 7

4 ½ Gallns Linseed for painting in the Castle

15 6½

Carried over 1 12 1½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £196 15s 3½d.

Tinware:

72 lanthorn leaves, £0 16s 6d

2 lanthorns, £0 7s 0d

2 saucepans, £0 1s 5d

total, £1 4s 11d

Paint:

5 casks of blacking, £2 14s 2d

15 lb of white lead, £0 5s 7½d

36 lb of red lead, £0 13s 6d

4 lb of Venetian red, £0 3s 9½d

total, £3 17s 1d

7 quarters of pork, £88 4s 0d

1 brass cock of braziery, £0 3s 2d

Glassware:

10 half-minute glasses, £0 7s 11d

2 white water glasses, £0 2s 10d

total, £0 10s 9d

1 piece of duck, £3 11s 10d

Pitch:

2 barrels of pitch, £3 8s 0d

2 barrels of tar, £4 0s 0d

42 lb of turpentine, £0 7s 10½d

total, £7 15s 10½d

total, £302 1s 11d

Charges general, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1749.

Oil:

6½ gallons of train oil, for the kitchen and bakehouse, £0 16s 7d

9 gallons of linseed oil, for painting in the castle, £0 15s 6½d

Carried over, £1 12s 1½d

Interpretations

The shipping account closes on this page with the last of the sea stores supplied to the Company's ships, the lanthorn leaves and lanthorns, the paint and blacking, the glass and the pitch and tar by the barrel, the whole standing at £302 1s 11d. The half-minute glasses are the small sandglasses run out with the log to time a ship's speed, the water glasses the drinking glasses, and the blacking the pitch-based paint for a ship's hull and ironwork, the whole the working refit of a vessel making ready for the passage home.

The pork at £88 4s 0d for seven quarters is again a figure out of all proportion to the quantity, the same disproportion in the salt-provision lines that ran through the earlier pages of the quarter, and the reading is set down as it stands on the leaf without any attempt to reconcile it against the other lines. The lanthorn leaves are the thin translucent panes of horn set in a ship's lanterns in place of glass, the ordinary sea-store a vessel drew at the island.

The collection then turns from the sales to the charges general, the stores the Company issued for its own works rather than for sale, kept in a separate account from the goods sold, the same order every quarter's collection followed. The first entries are the train oil for the kitchen and bakehouse fires and the linseed for painting in the castle, the ordinary upkeep of the Company's own house, the account opening at £1 12s 1½d carried forward as the run of the Company's own consumption began to be reckoned up.

177

173

1749

Brought Over 1 12 1½

Deals Vizt

2 Spars for the Crane

4 4

4 Baulks to repair the Cole Hole

15 6

1 Wainscot Board for the Castle

4 3

3 Double Deals for Repairs to the Cole Hole & new

65 Single Do of the Comps Houses and for new

7 6

5 8 4

1 ft Riga Timber covering one of their Store Houses

2 2 5

9 2 4

Canvas 15 ½ Yards Duck to cover

several Cackets & making a Cot

1 8

Soap 83

2 6½

Iron 136 for the Armourers Chop

16 10

Nails Vizt

6 6

3 11½

10 4

4 8½

15 20 for Repairs to the Cole Hole

5½

1 3 one of the Store Houses and

6 40 one of the Companys Houses

1 10

1 6

1½

2 10

8

½ Scupper for the Pump

2½

2 Coopers Rivets for the Coopers

9½

13

Lead Vizt

3 Shott for the Castle

5½

2 ½ Sheet Lead for the Pump

9

1 2½

Candles Vizt

53 for the Castle

3 9 4

50 for the Council

3 6 8

6 16

Carried over 22 8 2½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £1 12s 1½d.

Deals:

2 spars, for the crane, £0 4s 4d

4 baulks, to repair the coal hole, £0 15s 6d

1 wainscot board, for the castle, £0 4s 3d

3 double deals, for repairs to the Company's houses, £0 7s 6d

65 single deals, of the Company's houses and for new, £5 8s 4d

17 pieces of Riga timber, of one of their storehouses, £2 2s 5d

total, £9 2s 4d

15½ yards of duck, of canvas, to cover several packets and making a cot, £1 0s 8d

83 lb of soap, £2 6s 7½d

136 lb of iron, for the armourer's shop, £0 16s 10d

Nails:

6 sixpenny and 10 fourpenny nails, £0 3s 11½d

15 tenpenny and 20 twentypenny nails, for repairs to the coal hole, £0 4s 8½d

1 threepenny nail, £0 0s 5½d

6 sixpenny and 40 fourpenny nails, for one of the storehouses, £0 1s 10d

1 sixpenny and 6 fourpenny nails, for one of the Company's houses, £0 0s 1½d

2 tenpenny nails, £0 0s 8d

half a hundred of scupper nails, for the pump, £0 0s 2½d

2 coopers' rivets, for the coopers, £0 0s 9½d

total, £0 13s 0d

Lead:

3 lb of shot, for the castle, £0 0s 5½d

9½ lb of sheet lead, for the pump, £0 0s 9d

total, £1 2½d

Candles:

33 lb, for the castle, £3 9s 1d

50 lb, for the council, £3 6s 8d

total, £6 16s 0d

Carried over, £22 8s 2½d

Interpretations

The charges general run on with the deals, canvas, soap, iron, nails, lead and candles the Company drew for its own upkeep, each line keyed to the work or place it served. The deals and baulks went to a run of building and repair jobs, the spars for the crane that landed the ships' goods, the boards to mend the coal hole and the Company's houses, and the seventeen pieces of Riga timber to a storehouse, the imported Baltic fir the island could not grow drawn for the fabric of its own buildings.

The iron for the armourer's shop and the coopers' rivets show the Company's tradesmen supplied from the same store, the armourer keeping the garrison's arms and the cooper the casks, their materials charged against the Company rather than sold. The nails again carry the old penny sizing by length and weight, marked to the coal hole, the storehouses and the Company's houses, the ordinary building ironwork of the settlement's upkeep drawn from a single stock.

The candles at £6 16s 0d for the castle and the council are the great line, the lighting of the Governor's house and the board's own room charged to the Company, the settled charge every quarter carried. This is a substantial candle issue for the cool season, the shorter days of the southern autumn and early winter drawing more light in the castle and council chamber. The whole is the settled maintenance of the Company's buildings, works and offices, distinct in kind from the goods sold, the account carried forward at £22 8s 2½d as the run of the Company's own consumption built through the quarter.

178

174

July

Brought over 22 8 2½

Paint Vizt

Venetian Red

9

Chalk

39 W Lead for painting in the Castle

14 9

Umber

4

1 ½ B Smalts

2 1

Indico for Linen

5

1 2 11

Glaziers Ware Vizt

1 Sqr Glass for the great House

5

6 Wine Glasses for the Castle

3 6

3 11

Ironmongers Ware Vizt

2 Smith Rubbers

6 4

3 Files

2 2

1 dozn Gimblets for the Carpenters

1 6

4 Augers and Armourer

10 4

5 Chisels

2 6

3 Gouges

10

1 Carpenter Ax

4 5

2 Brass Sheaves for the Crane

16 3

2 4 7

Thread 2 Coloured for making

Cartridges for the Secretarys Office

6 4

Rozen ½ for the Pump

½

Bunting Vizt

6 Yds White for mending Flags

3 1½

1 ft Red for a Pendant for Mundens

1 5

1 8 4½

Turners Ware Vizt

2 Baskets

4 6½

2 Birch Brooms for the Castle

10

5 4½

Carried over 27 19 9

Goods brought over from the previous page, £22 8s 2½d.

Paint, for painting in the castle:

½ lb of Venetian red, £0 0s 9d

2 lb of chalk, £0 0s 0½d

39 lb of white lead, £0 14s 9d

½ lb of umber, £0 0s 1d

1½ lb of blue smalt, £0 2s 1d

3 lb of indigo, for linen, £0 5s 0d

total, £1 2s 11d

Glazier's ware:

1 square of glass, for the great house, £0 0s 5d

6 wine glasses, for the castle, £0 3s 6d

total, £0 3s 11d

Ironware, for the carpenters and armourer:

2 smith's rubbers, £0 6s 4d

3 files, £0 2s 2d

1 dozen of gimlets, £0 1s 6d

4 augers, £0 10s 7d

5 chisels, £0 2s 6d

3 gouges, £0 0s 10d

1 carpenter's adze, £0 4s 5d

2 brass sheaves, for the crane, £0 16s 3d

total, £2 4s 7d

2 lb of coloured thread, for making cartridges for the secretary's office, £0 6s 4d

half a lb of rosin, for the pump, £0 0s 0½d

Bunting:

6 yards of white bunting, for mending flags, £0 3s 1½d

1 piece of red bunting, for a standard for Munden's, £1 5s 0d

total, £1 8s 1½d

Turnery, for the castle:

2 flaskets, £0 4s 6½d

2 birch brooms, £0 0s 10d

total, £0 5s 4½d

Carried over, £27 19s 9d

Interpretations

The charges general run on with the paint, glass, ironware, bunting and turnery the Company drew for its own upkeep, each line marked with the work or place it served. The paint head is again the raw pigments ground into oil for the castle's own painting, the white lead the body of the work, the Venetian red, umber and blue smalt for the colours, and the indigo for the linen, the storekeeper accounting for every ounce against a named use.

The ironware is the working tools of the carpenters and the armourer, the smith's rubbers, files, gimlets, augers, chisels, gouges and the carpenter's adze, the standing kit the Company kept its own tradesmen working with, drawn from store and charged against itself. The two brass sheaves for the crane are the grooved wheels of the crane's pulley blocks that ran its lifting ropes, the mechanism that hoisted the ships' goods ashore from the boats, a substantial fitting at £0 16s 3d and a mark of the constant repair the landing crane needed in the heavy surf of the road.

The bunting went to mending the flags and to a red standard for Munden's, the flag stuff of the batteries kept in repair and a new colour made up for the outlying fort, and the coloured thread to making the paper cartridges in the secretary's office. This standard-making and flag-mending fits the busy season on the island, the cool autumn and early winter of the southern year when the crowded road drew the fullest ceremony of salute and signal and the batteries flew their colours to the passing fleet. The account is carried forward at £27 19s 9d, the charges general building through the quarter as the Company's own consumption on its buildings, tools and flags was reckoned up.

179

175

1749

Brought over 27 19 9

Starch 27 for Linnen

3 11½

Lines 2 Hambro for the Castle

1 3

Leather 27 for the Pump

1 6

Challoes 6 Pr to Cover a Sopa and for

Rubbers for the Crane

2 15

Haberdashery 3 Pr Hd Tape for the Castle

1 11

Brandy 2 Galns for getting the Long Boat on Shore

5 6

Corks 3 Dozen for the Cask

7

China Ware Vizt

12 Dishes

78 Plates

2

3 Guglets & Basons

6

2 Juggs

4 8

2 Bowls for the Castle

4

6 En Pitchers

1 10

2 Sett Salld Dishes

1 6

6 half pint Cups

1 9

3 2 9

Grindstones 1 for the Carpenters Use

15 6

Coals 21 Bushels for the Armourers Chop

4 1

36 8 8½

Diet Expences Dr for the following Stores Ishued for

the Table from the 7 April to the 31 June 1749 Vizt

Flour 1219

9 3 7

Candy 270

2 6 6

Vinegar ½ Gallon

1

Oil 12 Bottles Florence

1 18 6

Arrach 18 Gallons

4 8 8

Salt 3 Bushels

9

Pork 18 Pr

1 16

Tea 3 Single

5 6

Brandy 20 ½ Gallons

2 10 8½

23 5 5½

Goods brought over from the previous page, £27 19s 9d.

2½ lb of starch, for linen, £0 3s 11½d

2 Hamburg lines, for the castle, £0 1s 3d

1¾ lb of leather, for the pump, £0 1s 6d

6 pieces of chelloes, to cover a sofa and for rubbers for the crane, £2 15s 0d

1 piece of Holland tape, of haberdashery, for the castle, £0 1s 11d

2 gallons of brandy, for getting the long boat on shore, £0 5s 6d

3 dozen of corks, for the cask, £0 0s 7d

Chinaware, for the castle:

12 dishes, £2 0s 0d

7 dozen of plates, £0 [...] 0d

3 guglets and basins, £0 6s 0d

2 jugs, £0 4s 8d

2 bowls, £0 4s 0d

6 enamel pitchers, £0 1s 10d

2 sets of salad dishes, £0 1s 6d

6 half-pint cups, £0 1s 9d

total, £3 2s 9d

1 grindstone, for the carpenters, £0 15s 6d

21 bushels of coals, for the armourer's shop, £4 1s 0d

total, £36 8s 8½d

Diet expenses, debtor for the following stores issued for the table from 1 April to 30 June 1749.

150 lb of flour, £0 9s 3d

270 lb of candy, £2 6s 6d

half a gallon of vinegar, £0 0s 1d

14 bottles of Florence oil, £1 18s 6d

15 gallons of arrack, £4 8s 8d

3 bushels of salt, £0 9s 0d

185 lb of pork, £1 16s 0d

3 lb of single tea, £0 2s 10½d

20 5/8 gallons of brandy, £2 5s 5½d

total, £23 5s 5½d

Interpretations

The charges general close on this page with the last of the stores the Company drew for its own house, the starch, lines, leather, cloth, chinaware, grindstone and coals, the whole standing at £36 8s 8½d. The chelloes are a plain Indian cotton cloth, drawn here to cover a sofa in the castle and to make rubbers for the crane, the pads that eased the ropes running over the crane's frame, an unusual double use of the same cloth for furnishing and for the working landing gear. The grindstone for the carpenters and the coals for the armourer's shop are the Company's own tradesmen supplied, the smith's forge and the joiners' bench charged against the Company as the keeping of its establishment.

The brandy drawn for getting the long boat on shore is the one glimpse of the working day, the drams served to the party that ran the heavy boat up out of the surf, the settled allowance for hard and wet labour that ran through every account. The chinaware for the castle is the furnishing of the Governor's own table, the dishes, plates, guglets, jugs and cups drawn from store for the household, charged to the Company as the keeping of its house.

The account then turns to the diet expenses, the imported staples of the general table kept apart in their own account, run at £23 5s 5½d, close to the £23 4s 1d of the January to March quarter. The candy at 270 lb is a large parcel, the boiled hard sugar taken with the tea and for sweetening, and the arrack and brandy the board's own drink, the arrack now drawn in fair quantity as the season's ships had restocked the store. The flour, oil, salt, pork and tea are the settled fare of the table, the board provisioned through the cool autumn and early winter of the southern year as the shipping season ran on and the household kept its table from the store.

180

176

July

Fortification Dr for the following Stores

Ishued from the 7 April to the 30 June 1749 Vizt

Nails 20 for Spouts to the

1 2

Deals 8 Single Fortification at Munden Point

13 4

Iron Ware 1 Pr H Hinges for the Garden Gate

8 4

1 2 10

Plantation Dr for the following Stores Ishued from

the 7 April to the 30 June 1749 Vizt

Rice & Paddy Vizt

68 Rice

5 8

12 Pr 70 Paddy for the Poultry

3 3 9

3 9 5

Iron Ware Vizt

2 Ragstones

4

3 Helves

1 4

2 Bricklayers Trowels

2 5

2 Augers for the Great Wood

3 4

1 Engine for Furze

5 15 6

6 3 4

9 12 9

Blacks Dr for the following Stores Ishued for their

Use from the 7 April to the 30 June 1749 Vizt

Rice 9173

48 10 10

Beef & Pork Vizt

488 Pr Pork

18 16

22 Pr Beef

3 6

21 16 6

Carried Over 70 7 4

Fortifications, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1749.

Nails:

6 sixpenny and 20 twentypenny nails, for spouts to the fortification, £0 1s 2d

8 single deals, for the fortification at Munden's Point, £0 13s 4d

2 pairs of HL hinges of ironware, for the garden gate, £0 8s 4d

total, £1 2s 10d

Plantation, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1749.

Rice and paddy, for the poultry:

68 lb of rice, £0 5s 8d

12 quarters 70 lb of paddy, £3 3s 9d

total, £3 9s 5d

Ironware:

2 ragstones, £0 0s 4d

5 helves, £0 1s 4d

2 buckle-eyes and trowels, £0 2s 5d

2 augers, for the Great Wood, £0 3s 4d

1 engine, for furze, £5 15s 6d

total, £6 3s 4d

total, £9 12s 9d

Blacks, debtor for the following stores issued for their use from 1 April to 30 June 1749.

91¾ lb of rice, £48 10s 10d

Beef and pork:

488 quarters of pork, £18 16s 0d

22 quarters of beef, £3 0s 6d

total, £21 16s 6d

Carried over, £70 7s 4d

Interpretations

The fortifications account is a small one this quarter, the nails and deals for spouts and for the work at Munden's Point and the hinges for the garden gate, the whole standing at £1 2s 10d, a quiet quarter's upkeep of the defences with the war over and the great works long done. The batteries were kept in bare repair rather than built up, the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle having ended the war footing that had run through the record.

The plantation account gathers the stores issued to the Company's own farming, the rice and paddy for the poultry and the field tools of the Great Wood, the ragstones for sharpening, the helves for the axe and hatchet handles and the augers for boring. The heaviest single item by far is the engine for furze at £5 15s 6d, a machine bought for cutting or crushing the furze that fed the Company's cattle and fired the kilns, a substantial piece of gear against the small hand tools beside it and a mark of the Company mechanising the furze-cutting that had long been done by hand labour in the Long Wood.

The blacks account opens the slaves' stores, the rice and the beef and pork of their ration, run at £70 7s 4d carried forward. The rice at £48 10s 10d stands far above what ninety-odd pounds would give and the beef and pork lines carry the disproportion of the salt-provision entries through the quarter, the readings set down as they stand on the leaf without any attempt to reconcile them. The slaves' ration of rice and salt meat is the settled charge the Company entered for feeding its own people, the figures taken as written and the whole carried forward as the blacks' account began its run.

181

177

1749

Brought over 70 7 4

Brandy 18 ½ Gallons for Drams

2 10 6

Sugar 24

4 6

Tea 15 Bohea for the Sick

10 7½

Hooks & Lines Vizt

6 Dozn Hooks Sorted

1 3

8 Small Lines for Fishing

1 8

2 11

73 15 10½

Hospital Dr for the following Stores Ishued

from the 7 April to the 30 June 1749 Vizt

Sugar 121

1 2 8

Flour 70

9 11

Oil 2 ½ Gallons Train

3 9

Salt 1 ½ Bushels

3 4

Canvas 2 yds Sacking for mending Cotts

1½

Nails 4 for mending Cotts

15 2

Rice 130

15 2

China Ware Vizt

3 B White Pitchers

7

5 Small Bowls

2 7

3 2

3 2 1½

Garrison Dr for the following Stores Ishued for their

Use from the 7 April to the 30 June 1749 Vizt

Oil 33 ½ Gallons Train for the Several Guards

4 11 5

Tea 79 ½ Bohea

2 11

Paint 2 ½ Chalk for the Barrom Chop

1½

Rozen 3

1½

Carried over 7 2 8

Goods brought over from the previous page, £70 7s 4d.

18¾ gallons of brandy, for drams, £2 10s 6d

24 lb of sugar, for the sick, £0 4s 6d

15 lb of bohea tea, for the sick, £0 10s 7½d

Hooks and lines, for fishing:

6 dozen of sorted hooks, £0 1s 3d

8 small lines, £0 1s 8d

total, £2 11s 0d

total, £73 15s 10½d

Hospital, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1749.

121 lb of sugar, £1 2s 8d

70 lb of flour, £0 9s 11d

2½ gallons of train oil, £0 3s 9d

1½ bushels of salt, £0 3s 4d

2 yards of sacking of canvas, for mending cots, £0 [...] 0d

6 sixpenny and 4 fourpenny nails, for mending cots, £0 15s 2d

150 lb of rice, £0 [...] 0d

Chinaware:

3 blue and white pitchers, £0 0s 7d

5 small bowls, £0 2s 7d

total, £0 3s 2d

total, £3 2s 1½d

Garrison, debtor for the following stores issued for their use from 1 April to 30 June 1749.

Oil:

33½ gallons of train oil, for the several guards, £4 11s 5d

15 lb of bohea tea, for the several guards, £2 0s 0d

Paint:

2½ lb of chalk, for the doctor's shop, £0 0s 1½d

3 lb of rosin, £0 0s 1½d

Carried over, £7 2s 8d

Interpretations

The blacks account closes with the brandy for the slaves' drams, the sugar and bohea tea for the sick and the hooks and lines for their fishing, the whole standing at £73 15s 10½d. The brandy served as customary at hard labour and the fishing tackle for the boat the Company kept to feed the slaves from the sea are the settled charges of the slaves' keeping, and the sugar and tea for the sick the light comfort set before those laid up, the Company entering the whole among its own consumption.

The hospital account gathers the stores issued to the infirmary for the sick, the sugar, flour, train oil, salt and rice of the sick diet and the sacking, nails and chinaware for mending the cots, run at a modest £3 2s 1½d. The cots are the slung beds of the infirmary, mended with sacking and nails, and the blue-and-white pitchers and small bowls the vessels of the sick room. This is a small account, a sign of no great sickness through the cool season of the southern autumn and early winter, the sugar and rice the light food set before men laid up.

The garrison account then opens the soldiers' stores, the train oil for the guard-house lamps far the heaviest line, the bohea tea for the several guards, and the chalk and rosin for the doctor's shop. The train oil burnt in the guard houses of the several forts is the standing charge of keeping the watch through the long nights of the cool season, and the tea the settled allowance to the guards. The account is carried forward at £7 2s 8d, the garrison supply beginning its run as the stores issued to the soldiers were reckoned up through the quarter.

182

178

July

Brought Over 7 2 8

Lines 1 Small for a Whip

2½

Brandy 4 ½ Gallons for drams on Mustering

1 12 1

Soldiers Cloths Vizt

178 Centinels Coats & Breeches

263 7 2

12 Sergeants Do & Do

62 11

12 Corporals Do & Do

18 10

8 Gunners Mates Do & Do

23 15 3

8 Quarter Gunners Do & Do

18 9 8

20 Matrosses Do & Do

42 7 8

1 Marshals Do & Do

1 11 5

4 Drummers Do & Do

13 12 10

444 5 8

Hatts Vizt

222 Centinels

31 4

20 Sergeants

11 11 8

42 12

Shirts Vizt

222 Centinel

41 9 2

20 Sergeants

6 12 6

48 1 8

Stockings 242 Pr Thread

29 17 5½

Shoes 218 Pr Mens Ordinary

17 11 9

623 6

Boats Dr for the following Stores Ishued from the 7 April

to the 30 June 1749 Vizt

Deals 2 Single

3 4

Nails Vizt

6 6 for Repairs to

4 3 the Long Boat

1 1½

2 & Yaul

5½

Lead 33 Sheet

1 8

8 7

June 30 1749 Errors Excepted

P M Purling Storekpr

Goods brought over from the previous page, £7 2s 8d.

1 small line, for the ship, £0 0s 2½d

12¾ gallons of brandy, for drams on mustering, £1 12s 1d

Soldiers' clothes:

178 sentinels' coats and breeches, £263 7s 2d

12 sergeants' coats and breeches, £62 11s 0d

12 corporals' coats and breeches, £18 10s 0d

8 gunners' mates' coats and breeches, £23 15s 3d

8 quarter gunners' coats and breeches, £18 9s 8d

20 matrosses' coats and breeches, £42 7s 8d

1 marshal's coat and breeches, £1 11s 5d

4 drummers' coats and breeches, £13 12s 10d

total, £444 8s 0d

Hats:

222 sentinels' hats, £31 0s 4d

20 sergeants' hats, £11 11s 8d

total, £42 12s 0d

Shirts:

222 sentinels' shirts, £41 9s 2d

20 sergeants' shirts, £6 12s 6d

total, £48 1s 8d

242¾ pairs of thread stockings, £29 17s 8½d

218 pairs of men's ordinary shoes, £47 11s 9d

total, £623 6s 0d

Boats, debtor for the following stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1749.

2 single deals, £0 3s 4d

Nails, for repairs to the long boat and yawl:

6 sixpenny nails, £0 1s 1½d

4 fourpenny nails, £0 0s 5½d

33 lb of sheet lead, £0 1s 8d

total, £0 8s 7d

The account subscribed at St Helena on 30 June 1749, errors excepted, by Matthew Purling storekeeper.

Interpretations

The garrison account closes with far the heaviest charge of the whole quarter, the annual clothing of the soldiers, the coats, breeches, hats, shirts, stockings and shoes issued rank by rank to the whole establishment, the sentinels' coats and breeches alone at £263 7s 2d and the whole clothing running to £623 6s 0d. This great annual issue fell in the same quarter each year, the whole garrison newly clad at one stroke, the account carrying the full run from the sentinels down through the sergeants, corporals, gunners' mates, quarter gunners, matrosses, the marshal and the drummers, each grade in its proper coat.

The clothing shows the ordering of the garrison written into the very issue of its dress, the plain sentinels' coats against the better clothing of the sergeants and the artillery's matrosses, the marshal's single suit and the drummers' coats each entered apart, the whole establishment clad by rank from the Company's store. The 178 sentinels' coats set the scale of the four foot companies, and the artillery company's gunners' mates, quarter gunners and matrosses their own smaller file, the clothing account a muster of the garrison in itself.

The boats account closes the whole collection with the deals, nails and sheet lead for mending the long boat and yawl, a small charge, and Matthew Purling as storekeeper subscribed the whole at the quarter's end, errors excepted, the settled form that certified the account without warranting every figure exact. The great clothing issue falling in this quarter, the cool autumn and early winter of the southern year, clad the garrison against the colder season and before the year's turn, the storekeeper closing the collection that this run of the record has carried through head by head from the servants' brandy to the last nail of the boats.

183

179

List of the Honble Companys Officers & Servants upon the Island of St Helena, with their several Salarys, Diet Money &c for the Quarter commencing April the 1st & ending the 30th of June 1749 Vizt

Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Salary £125 0s 0d
Do Allowance for Servants as Usual £31 14s 9d  £156 14s 9d

Capt David Hunter Lt Governour Salary £62 10s 0d
Do Diet Money £25 0s 0d  £87 10s 0d

John Clark of Council £15 0s 0d

John Goodwin Accomptant Salary £17 10s 0d
Do Diet Money £15 0s 0d
Do House Rent £2 10s 0d  £35 0s 0d

Matthew Purling Storekeeper Salary £17 10s 0d
Do Diet Money £15 0s 0d  £32 10s 0d

William Loveday Chaplain Salary £25 0s 0d
Do Diet Money £15 0s 0d  £40 0s 0d

Francis Wrangham Factor Salary £7 10s 0d
Do Diet Money £10 0s 0d  £17 10s 0d

James Powell Factor Salary £7 10s 0d
Do Assistant Storekeeper £3 0s 0d
Do Diet Money £10 0s 0d
Do House Rent £2 10s 0d  £25 0s 0d

Thomas French Factor Salary £7 10s 0d
Do Diet Money £10 0s 0d  £17 10s 0d

Matthew Bazett Writer Salary £5 0s 0d
Do Diet Money £10 0s 0d  £15 0s 0d

Samuel Solomon Surgeon Salary £9 15s 0d
Do House Rent &c £4 13s 9d  £14 8s 9d

James Stevenson Surg Mate from Apr 7th incl Salary £4 12s 1d
Do Diet Money £10 8s 11½d  £15 1s ½d

Richard Gurting 3 Overseers
John Swales              £7 10s 0d

Carried over  £403 14s 6½d

A list was prepared of the Honourable Company’s officers and servants on the island of St Helena, showing their respective salaries, diet money, and other allowances for the quarter beginning on 1 April and ending on 30 June 1749.

Charles Hutchinson, Esquire, Governor, received a salary of £125 and an allowance for servants of £31 14s 9d, making a total of £156 14s 9d.

Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, received a salary of £62 10s and diet money of £25, bringing his total to £87 10s.

Lieutenant John Clark, of the Council, was paid £15.

John Goodwin, Accountant, received a salary of £17 10s, diet money of £15, and £2 10s for house rent, totalling £35.

Matthew Purling, Storekeeper, received £17 10s salary and £15 diet money, a total of £32 10s.

William Loveday, Chaplain, was paid £25 salary and £15 diet money, amounting to £40.

Francis Wrangham, Factor, received £7 10s salary and £10 diet money, a total of £17 10s.

James Powell, Factor and Assistant Storekeeper, received £7 10s salary, £3 for his additional office, £10 diet money, and £2 10s for house rent, together £25.

Thomas French, Factor, received £7 10s salary and £10 diet money, totalling £17 10s.

Matthew Bazett, Writer, received £5 salary and £10 diet money, amounting to £15.

Samuel Solomon, Surgeon, received £9 15s salary and £4 13s 9d for house rent and other expenses, totalling £14 8s 9d.

James Stevenson, Surgeon’s Mate from 7 April inclusive, received £4 12s 1d salary and £10 8s 11½d diet money, totalling £15 1s ½d.

Richard Gurling and John Swales, Overseers, were listed next, bringing the subtotal carried forward to £403 14s 6½d.

184

180

Brought over £403 14s 6½d

Richard Beale Schoolmaster Salary £3 8s 3d
Do as Clerk £5 0s 0d  £8 8s 3d

John Bland Master Mason Salary £17 10s 0d
Do Diet Money £10 0s 0d
Do House Rent £1 10s 0d  £29 0s 0d

Mark Hawkins Mason Salary £12 10s 0d
Do Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do House Rent £1 0s 0d  £20 6s 10½d

William Hayes Master of Arms £6 5s 0d
Nicholas Cleather Steward £7 10s 0d
William Davis Gardener £9 11s 3d
Robert Peacock Cooper £8 15s 0d
William Cashman Carpenter £12 10s 0d
Henry Brinnon Armourer £10 10s 0d
Thomas Willingham Marshall to ye 26 day June incl £4 3s 7¾d
Robert Wright Horsekeeper £2 0s 0d
John Lakinshall Patron of the Long Boat £7 10s 0d

  £620 4s 6¾d

First Company
Jn Clark Lt Salary £6 16s 10½d
Do Diet Money £7 10s 0d
Do on account of Jn Ward 7 Guard £7 10s 0d
William Hayes Adjutant’s Salary £10 0s 0d
Do Diet Money £7 1s 3d  £24 6s 10½d

Serjeants
Henry Beale £6 14s 6d
Bartholomew Molloy £6 14s 6d
Solomon Jacobs £6 14s 6d  £20 3s 6d

Corporals
Dan Langton £4 7s 9d
Wm Bull to ye 29 May incl 4 days he was Discharged £2 16s 8½d
Joseph Long £4 7s 9d
John Fairhall Drummer £4 7s 9d  £11 12s 2½d

Carried over £697 16s 1¾d

The account of the Honourable Company’s officers and servants continued, carrying forward a balance of £403 14s 6½d.

Richard Beale, Schoolmaster, received £3 8s 3d salary and £5 for his duties as Clerk, totalling £8 8s 3d.

John Bland, Master Mason, received £17 10s salary, £10 diet money, and £1 10s house rent, making £29.

Mark Hawkins, Mason, received £12 10s salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £1 house rent, a total of £20 6s 10½d.

William Hayes, Master of Arms, received £6 5s; Nicholas Cleather, Steward, £7 10s; William Davis, Gardener, £9 11s 3d; Robert Peacock, Cooper, £8 15s; William Cashman, Carpenter, £12 10s; Henry Brinnon, Armourer, £10 10s; Thomas Willingham, Marshal to 26 June inclusive, £4 3s 7¾d; Robert Wright, Horsekeeper, £2; and John Lakinshall, Patron of the Longboat, £7 10s.

This brought the total to £620 4s 6¾d.

For the First Company:
Lieutenant John Clark received £6 16s 10½d salary, £7 10s diet money, and £7 10s on account of John Ward, making £21 16s 10½d.
William Hayes, Adjutant, received £10 salary and £7 1s 3d diet money, a total of £17 1s 3d.
Together, these amounted to £24 6s 10½d.

Sergeants Henry Beale, Bartholomew Molloy, and Solomon Jacobs each received £6 14s 6d, totalling £20 3s 6d.

Corporals Daniel Langton received £4 7s 9d; William Bull, up to 29 May when discharged, £2 16s 8½d; Joseph Long, £4 7s 9d; and John Fairhall, Drummer, £4 7s 9d - together £11 12s 2½d.

The total carried forward now stood at £697 16s 1¾d.

185

181

Centinels  Brought over £697 16s 1¾d

Edward Allis £3 8s 3d
John Bray £3 8s 3d
John Brown £3 8s 3d
George Bennet £3 8s 3d
Joseph Brooks £3 8s 3d
Ab Bland to ye 24 June incl 5 days he was Discharged £3 6s 9¼d
Augustine Balls £3 8s 3d
Thomas Brown £3 8s 3d
William Bruff £3 8s 3d
John Buckles £3 8s 3d
John Clay £3 8s 3d
Matthew Campbell £3 8s 3d
James Cartwright £3 8s 3d

Wm Davis Junr to ye 29 May incl as Sentinel £2 9s 1½d
Do to the 30 of June incl as Corporal £1 10s 9d  £3 14s 10½d
Wm Davis Junr to ye 24 June incl 7 days he was Discharged £3 6s 9¼d
John Davis to ye 27 June the day he Deserted £3 5s 9¾d

William Ensor £3 8s 3d
George Green £3 8s 3d
Thomas Greenaway £3 8s 3d
Thomas Hails £3 8s 3d
Humphry Harrison £3 8s 3d
George Harper £3 8s 3d
James Hindrex £3 8s 3d
Major Jackson £3 8s 3d
Woolston Jones £3 8s 3d
Thomas Jarvis £3 8s 3d
James Lee £3 8s 3d
William Lambon £3 8s 3d
John Marsh £3 8s 3d

Centinels Carried over £98 14s 3¼d
Carried over £697 16s 1¾d

The list of pay for the island’s sentinels continued, carrying forward the previous total of £697 16s 1¾d.

Edward Allis, John Bray, John Brown, George Bennet, Joseph Brooks, Augustine Balls, Thomas Brown, William Bruff, John Buckles, John Clay, Matthew Campbell, James Cartwright, William Ensor, George Green, Thomas Greenaway, Thomas Hails, Humphry Harrison, George Harper, James Hindrex, Major Jackson, Woolston Jones, Thomas Jarvis, James Lee, William Lambon and John Marsh each received £3 8s 3d.

Ambrose Bland, up to 24 June when discharged, was paid £3 6s 9¼d.

William Davis Junior received £2 9s 1½d as sentinel to 29 May, and £1 10s 9d as corporal to 30 June, totalling £3 14s 10½d.

William Davis Junior, to 24 June when discharged, was paid £3 6s 9¼d.

John Davis, to 27 June, the day he deserted, was paid £3 5s 9¾d.

The subtotal for the sentinels amounted to £98 14s 3¼d, which, added to the former balance, brought the running total to £697 16s 1¾d.

186

182

Brought over £697 16s 1¾d

Centinels Brought over £98 14s 3¼d

Wm Mason to ye 24 June incl 7 days he was Discharged £3 6s 9¼d
John Murvill £3 8s 3d
James Mills £3 8s 3d
Humphry Pugh £3 8s 3d
James Renard £3 8s 3d
James Richardson £3 8s 3d
John Spencer £3 8s 3d
John Scotcher £3 8s 3d
John Shaw £3 8s 3d
John Searby £3 8s 3d
Solomon Saunders £3 8s 3d
Emanuel Steele £3 8s 3d
William Starr £3 8s 3d
James Urquhart £3 8s 3d
Peter Wells £3 8s 3d
Thomas Wagg £3 8s 3d
Thomas Watts £3 8s 3d
Wm Young to Apr 30 incl 7 days he deserted £1 2s 5½d

  £157 12s 3¾d

Second Company

Jos. Kendall 1st Lt Salary £10 0s 0d
Do Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do House Rent £2 10s 0d  £19 6s 10½d

Sam Athurick 2nd Lt Salary £7 10s 0d
Do Diet Money £6 16s 10½d  £14 6s 10½d

  £33 13s 9d

Sergeants
Robert Mason £6 14s 6d
Gabriel Isaacks £6 14s 6d
Daniel Bush £6 14s 6d  £20 3s 6d

Carried over £909 5s 5½d

The account continued with the previous total of £697 16s 1¾d and the subtotal for sentinels of £98 14s 3¼d.

Among the remaining sentinels, William Mason, to 24 June when discharged, received £3 6s 9¼d. John Murvill, James Mills, Humphry Pugh, James Renard, James Richardson, John Spencer, John Scotcher, John Shaw, John Searby, Solomon Saunders, Emanuel Steele, William Starr, James Urquhart, Peter Wells, Thomas Wagg and Thomas Watts each received £3 8s 3d. William Young, to 30 April when he deserted, was paid £1 2s 5½d.

The total for sentinels came to £157 12s 3¾d.

For the Second Company:
Lieutenant Joseph Kendall, First Lieutenant, received £10 salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £2 10s house rent, making £19 6s 10½d.
Lieutenant Samuel Athurick, Second Lieutenant, received £7 10s salary and £6 16s 10½d diet money, a total of £14 6s 10½d.
Together, these amounted to £33 13s 9d.

Sergeants Robert Mason, Gabriel Isaacks and Daniel Bush each received £6 14s 6d, together £20 3s 6d.

This brought the running total to £909 5s 5½d.

187

183

Brought over £909 5s 5½d

Corporals
Jn Downs to June 25 incl 5 days he was Discharged £1 2s 8d
Michael Frost £1 7s 9d
John Holloway £1 7s 9d  £12 18s 2d
Thomas London Drummer £4 7s 9d

Centinels
Joseph Andrew £3 8s 3d
Peter Barker £3 8s 3d
Jonah Barks £3 8s 3d
Francis Berwick £3 8s 3d
John Bowick £3 8s 3d
William Brooks £3 8s 3d
John Brown £3 8s 3d
Richd Billington Transferred to ye Artillery Compy May the 16 incl. & paid for that day £1 14s 4¾d
Andrew Barton Transferred to ye Artillery Compy May the 30 incl. and paid for that day £2 1s 10½d
John Chapman £3 8s 3d
William Cooke £3 8s 3d
William Duffon £3 8s 3d
John Douglas £3 8s 3d
Robert Everage £3 8s 3d
Peter Finnalt £3 8s 3d
John Fletcher £3 8s 3d
John Gould £3 8s 3d
John Hayes £3 8s 3d
Joseph Hayes £3 8s 3d
Isaac Holmes £3 8s 3d
James Inglish £3 8s 3d
Samuel Killburn £3 8s 3d

Centinels Carried over £72 1s 3¾d
Carried over £926 11s 4½d

The account continued with a balance brought forward of £909 5s 5½d.

Corporals were as follows: John Downs, to 25 June when discharged, £1 2s 8d; Michael Frost, £1 7s 9d; and John Holloway, £1 7s 9d, totalling £12 18s 2d.

Thomas London, Drummer, received £4 7s 9d.

The sentinels’ payments included: Joseph Andrew, Peter Barker, Jonah Barks, Francis Berwick, John Bowick, William Brooks, John Brown, John Chapman, William Cooke, William Duffon, John Douglas, Robert Everage, Peter Finnalt, John Fletcher, John Gould, John Hayes, Joseph Hayes, Isaac Holmes, James Inglish, and Samuel Killburn, each £3 8s 3d.

Richard Billington, transferred to the Artillery Company on 16 May and paid up to that date, received £1 14s 4¾d. Andrew Barton, transferred on 30 May and paid up to that day, received £2 1s 10½d.

The subtotal for sentinels came to £72 1s 3¾d.

Adding all together, the running total now stood at £926 11s 4½d.

188

184

Brought over £926 11s 4½d

Centinels Brought over £72 1s 3¾d

Charles Legent £3 8s 3d
James Long £3 8s 3d
Joseph Lott £3 8s 3d
Thomas Maven £3 8s 3d
Richard Maybank £3 8s 3d
Richard Moyce £3 8s 3d
John Norton £3 8s 3d
William Page £3 8s 3d
William Scott £3 8s 3d
William Shefford £3 8s 3d
John Simmonds £3 8s 3d
Joseph Simpson £3 8s 3d
Robert Stacey £3 8s 3d
Thomas Stretton £3 8s 3d

Sam Talbot to ye 24 June incl as sent £3 3s 6¾d
Do to the 30 June incl as corporal 5s 9d £3 9s 3¾d

Edward Stroud £3 8s 3d
Thomas Taylor £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Thomas £3 8s 3d
Richard Swais £3 8s 3d
William Swatch £3 8s 3d
Edward Walker £3 8s 3d
William Watkins £3 8s 3d
Adam Watson Transf’d to ye Artillery Company June 2 incl & paid for that day £2 7s 1½d
Stephen Willoughby £3 8s 3d
Thomas Dye £3 8s 3d

  £156 10s 5¼d

Third Company

Tho’s Catchpoole 1st Lt Salary £10 0s 0d
Do Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do House Rent £2 10s 0d  £19 6s 10½d

Wm Beale 2nd Lt Salary £7 10s 0d
Do Diet Money £6 16s 10½d  £14 6s 10½d

  £33 13s 9d

Carried over £1116 15s 6¾d

The account carried forward £926 11s 4½d, with the previous subtotal for sentinels of £72 1s 3¾d.

Additional sentinels received as follows: Charles Legent, James Long, Joseph Lott, Thomas Maven, Richard Maybank, Richard Moyce, John Norton, William Page, William Scott, William Shefford, John Simmonds, Joseph Simpson, Robert Stacey, Thomas Stretton, Edward Stroud, Thomas Taylor, Benjamin Thomas, Richard Swais, William Swatch, Edward Walker, William Watkins, Stephen Willoughby and Thomas Dye, each £3 8s 3d.

Samuel Talbot, to 24 June as sentinel, received £3 3s 6¾d, and from then to 30 June as corporal, an additional 5s 9d, totalling £3 9s 3¾d.

Adam Watson, transferred to the Artillery Company on 2 June and paid to that date, received £2 7s 1½d.

The subtotal for this group of sentinels came to £156 10s 5¼d.

In the Third Company, Lieutenant Thomas Catchpoole, First Lieutenant, received £10 salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money and £2 10s house rent, totalling £19 6s 10½d.

Lieutenant William Beale, Second Lieutenant, received £7 10s salary and £6 16s 10½d diet money, a total of £14 6s 10½d.

Together, these amounted to £33 13s 9d, bringing the cumulative total to £1116 15s 6¾d.

189

185

Brought over £1116 15s 6¾d

Sergeants
William Kennedy £6 14s 6d
Mathias Broughwell £6 14s 6d
Henry Barber £6 14s 6d  £20 3s 6d

Corporals
John Spencer £4 7s 9d
John Leech £4 7s 9d
Abram Major £4 7s 9d  £13 3s 3d
Benjamin Swale Drummer £4 7s 9d

Centinels
William Adams £3 8s 3d
Matthew Allis £3 8s 3d
Bevin Ambroze £3 8s 3d
Joseph Bastroe £3 8s 3d
William Becket £3 8s 3d
William Bonfield £3 8s 3d
William Brown £3 8s 3d
Dixon Coate £3 8s 3d
Brian Delap £3 8s 3d
John Earle £3 8s 3d
Thomas Fuller £3 8s 3d
Edward Grant £3 8s 3d
Jonathon Hitchen £3 8s 3d
James Hind £3 8s 3d
William Hurlock £3 8s 3d
Wm Jackson to ye 24 June incl the day he was discharged £3 6s 9¼d
Evan Jones £3 8s 3d
Richard Knight £3 8s 3d
Thomas Kendrick £3 8s 3d

Centinels Carried over £69 12s 3½d
Carried over £1154 10s 3¼d

The account continued with a balance brought forward of £1116 15s 6¾d.

Among the sergeants, William Kennedy, Mathias Broughwell and Henry Barber each received £6 14s 6d, totalling £20 3s 6d.

Corporals John Spencer, John Leech and Abram Major each received £4 7s 9d, a total of £13 3s 3d.

Benjamin Swale, Drummer, was paid £4 7s 9d.

The sentinels’ pay included: William Adams, Matthew Allis, Bevin Ambroze, Joseph Bastroe, William Becket, William Bonfield, William Brown, Dixon Coate, Brian Delap, John Earle, Thomas Fuller, Edward Grant, Jonathon Hitchen, James Hind, William Hurlock, Evan Jones, Richard Knight and Thomas Kendrick, each £3 8s 3d.

William Jackson, to 24 June when discharged, received £3 6s 9¼d.

The subtotal for these sentinels was £69 12s 3½d.

The running total now stood at £1154 10s 3¼d.

190

186

Brought over £1154 10s 3¼d

Centinels Brought over £69 12s 3½d

John Langbridge £3 8s 3d
Thomas Lawrence £3 8s 3d
John McKoy £3 8s 3d
Sam M. Lanchoy to ye 24 June incl the day he was discharged £3 6s 9¾d
R. Mason to the 24 June incl the day he was discharged £3 6s 9¾d
Charles Montague £3 8s 3d
Charles Newcomb £3 8s 3d
Valentine Noble £3 8s 3d
Jos. Newman to ye 27 June incl the day he deserted £3 5s 9¾d
Thomas Oliver £3 8s 3d
Thomas Pain £3 8s 3d
George Peacock £3 8s 3d
William Pedder £3 8s 3d
James Pewterer £3 8s 3d
John Paswater £3 8s 3d
Thomas Spidger £3 8s 3d

Abraham Ratcliff Transferred to the Artillery Company the 29 May incl & paid for that day £2 4s 1½d
Francis Reed £3 8s 3d
William Robinson £3 8s 3d
David Scott £3 8s 3d
Robert Stack £3 8s 3d
John Smith to the 27 of June inclusive the day he deserted £3 5s 9¾d
Joseph Thompson £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Williams £3 8s 3d
John Wills £3 8s 3d
James Woodroves to the 30 May inclusive the day he was discharged £2 4s 10½d
Joseph Woodman £3 8s 3d
Jeremiah Wynuff £3 8s 3d

  £157 1s 3¾d

Carried over £1311 11s 4½d

The balance brought forward was £1154 10s 3¼d, with the previous subtotal for sentinels of £69 12s 3½d.

Further payments to sentinels were as follows: John Langbridge, Thomas Lawrence, John McKoy, Charles Montague, Charles Newcomb, Valentine Noble, Thomas Oliver, Thomas Pain, George Peacock, William Pedder, James Pewterer, John Paswater, Thomas Spidger, Francis Reed, William Robinson, David Scott, Robert Stack, Joseph Thompson, Benjamin Williams, John Wills, Joseph Woodman and Jeremiah Wynuff, each £3 8s 3d.

Samuel M. Lanchoy, to 24 June when discharged, received £3 6s 9¾d. Richard Mason, to 24 June when discharged, received £3 6s 9¾d. Joseph Newman, to 27 June when he deserted, received £3 5s 9¾d. John Smith, to 27 June when he deserted, received £3 5s 9¾d.

Abraham Ratcliff, transferred to the Artillery Company on 29 May and paid to that date, received £2 4s 1½d.

James Woodroves, to 30 May when discharged, received £2 4s 10½d.

The subtotal for this section of sentinels came to £157 1s 3¾d, bringing the running total to £1311 11s 4½d.

191

187

Brought over £1311 11s 4½d

Fourth Company

Thomas Kirkpatrick 1st Lt Salary £10 0s 0d
Do Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do House Rent £2 10s 0d  £19 6s 10½d

Sergeants
Joseph Leighton £6 14s 6d
William Cashman £6 14s 6d
William Moor £6 14s 6d  £20 3s 6d

Corporals
Edw. Murphy to ye 3 June incl the day he was discharged £3 3s 5¾d
Peter Caskly to ye 29 May incl the day he was discharged £2 16s 8½d
George Masters £4 7s 9d  £10 7s 10¼d
John Allen Drummer £4 7s 9d

Centinels
James Allen £3 8s 3d
Thomas Boarer £3 8s 3d
John Barden £3 8s 3d
Isaac Bennett £3 8s 3d
William Barnett £3 8s 3d
Gilbert Clues £3 8s 3d
Philip Catchpole £3 8s 3d
Edward Cooker £3 8s 3d
Thomas Draper £3 8s 3d
Samuel Cole £3 8s 3d
George Eaton £3 8s 3d

George French to ye 5 June incl as sent £2 9s 4½d
Do from the 6 June incl as Corporal £1 4s 1d  £3 13s 4½d

Jonathan Goodby £3 8s 3d
Francis Goodbody £3 8s 3d

Centinels Carried over £48 1s 7½d
Carried over £1365 17s 1¾d

The running total brought forward was £1311 11s 4½d.

In the Fourth Company, Lieutenant Thomas Kirkpatrick, First Lieutenant, received £10 salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £2 10s house rent, a total of £19 6s 10½d.

The sergeants - Joseph Leighton, William Cashman and William Moor - each received £6 14s 6d, amounting together to £20 3s 6d.

Among the corporals, Edward Murphy, to 3 June when discharged, was paid £3 3s 5¾d; Peter Caskly, to 29 May when discharged, £2 16s 8½d; and George Masters £4 7s 9d, making £10 7s 10¼d in total.

John Allen, drummer, received £4 7s 9d.

The sentinels’ payments were: James Allen, Thomas Boarer, John Barden, Isaac Bennett, William Barnett, Gilbert Clues, Philip Catchpole, Edward Cooker, Thomas Draper, Samuel Cole, George Eaton, Jonathan Goodby and Francis Goodbody, each £3 8s 3d.

George French, to 5 June as sentinel, received £2 9s 4½d, and from 6 June as corporal, £1 4s 1d, totalling £3 13s 4½d.

The subtotal for these sentinels came to £48 1s 7½d, bringing the running total to £1365 17s 1¾d.

192

188

Brought over £1365 17s 1¾d

Centinels Brought over £48 1s 7½d

John Gilbert £3 8s 3d
James Green £3 8s 3d
James Hall £3 8s 3d
John Hardy £3 8s 3d
Job Harvison £3 8s 3d
James Heales £3 8s 3d
William Harris £3 8s 3d
Wm Hendree to ye 24 June incl the day he was discharged £3 6s 9¾d
Wm Kent to ye 24 June incl the day he was discharged £3 6s 9¾d
John Lloyd £3 8s 3d
Moses Menardo £3 8s 3d
Duncan McLaren £3 8s 3d
Ja. Ohran from the 5 June incl the day he died £1 9s 5¼d
James Peplow £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Pearson £3 8s 3d
Edward Rickets £3 8s 3d
Tho. Robinson to ye 29 June incl the day he was discharged £3 6s 9¾d
David Robinson £3 8s 3d
Thomas Reynolds £3 8s 3d
Arnold Sageey £3 8s 3d
Daniel Sargeant £3 8s 3d
John Smith £3 8s 3d
Charles Snooks £3 8s 3d
Timothy Sullivan £3 8s 3d
Thomas Short £3 8s 3d
Jn. Taylor to ye 13 April incl the day he died £0 9s 8½d
William Taylor £3 8s 3d
Edward Teney £3 8s 3d
Ja. Vaughan to ye 28 June the day he deserted £3 6s 9¾d
Joseph Upson £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Williams £3 8s 3d

John Walker Senr £3 8s 3d
Jn. Walker Junr to ye 29 May incl as sent £2 4s 1½d
Do to the 30 June incl as Corporal £1 10s 9d  £3 14s 10½d
Robert Wright £3 8s 3d

  £158 4s 1¾d

Carried over £1524 2s 1½d

The balance brought forward was £1365 17s 1¾d, with the previous subtotal for sentinels at £48 1s 7½d.

Further payments to sentinels were as follows: John Gilbert, James Green, James Hall, John Hardy, Job Harvison, James Heales, William Harris, John Lloyd, Moses Menardo, Duncan McLaren, James Peplow, Benjamin Pearson, Edward Rickets, David Robinson, Thomas Reynolds, Arnold Sageey, Daniel Sargeant, John Smith, Charles Snooks, Timothy Sullivan, Thomas Short, William Taylor, Edward Teney, Joseph Upson, Benjamin Williams, Robert Wright, John Walker Senior and John Walker Junior, each £3 8s 3d.

William Hendree and William Kent, both to 24 June when discharged, received £3 6s 9¾d each.

James Ohran, from 5 June until the day of his death, was paid £1 9s 5¼d.

Thomas Robinson, to 29 June when discharged, received £3 6s 9¾d.

John Taylor, to 13 April when he died, received £0 9s 8½d.

James Vaughan, to 28 June when he deserted, received £3 6s 9¾d.

John Walker Junior, to 29 May as sentinel, £2 4s 1½d, and to 30 June as corporal, £1 10s 9d, making £3 14s 10½d.

The subtotal for these sentinels came to £158 4s 1¾d, bringing the running total to £1524 2s 1½d.

193

189

Brought over £1524 2s 1½d

Artillery Company

John French Master Gunner Salary £13 8s 9d
Do Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do House Rent £2 10s 0d  £22 15s 7½d

Gunners Mates
Isaac Leech £4 17s 6d
Nathan Sample £4 17s 6d
Roger Newanson £4 17s 6d
Jn. Crutchfield to ye 29 May incl the day he was discharged £3 3s 4d
James Pritchard £4 17s 6d
Ely Leech £4 17s 6d
William Turner £4 17s 6d
John Butler £4 17s 6d  £37 3s 10d

Quarter Gunners
John Nottage £4 7s 9d
John Artingstall £4 7s 9d
Edward Arnold £4 7s 9d
John Watkins £4 7s 9d
Adam Milburn £4 7s 9d
Henry Carter £4 7s 9d
Joseph Thomas £4 7s 9d

Jn. Whitchurch to ye 29 May incl as Quart. Gunner £2 16s 8¾d
Do to the 30 June incl as Gunner Mate £1 14s 2d  £4 10s 10½d  £35 5s 5½d

Matrosses
Joseph Boswell £1 1s 3d
Wm Bateman to ye 2 June incl the day he deserted £2 16s 1d
Peter Bath £1 1s 3d
Samuel Clark £1 1s 3d
Edward Cullimote £1 1s 3d
John Cawdory £1 1s 3d
Derby Coyle £1 1s 3d

Matrosses Carried over £27 3s 10d
Carried over £1619 8s 7½d

The running total brought forward was £1524 2s 1½d.

In the Artillery Company, John French, Master Gunner, received £13 8s 9d salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money and £2 10s house rent, totalling £22 15s 7½d.

Among the gunners’ mates, Isaac Leech, Nathan Sample, Roger Newanson, James Pritchard, Ely Leech, William Turner and John Butler each received £4 17s 6d. John Crutchfield, to 29 May when discharged, received £3 3s 4d. The subtotal for the mates was £37 3s 10d.

For the quarter gunners, John Nottage, John Artingstall, Edward Arnold, John Watkins, Adam Milburn, Henry Carter and Joseph Thomas each received £4 7s 9d. John Whitchurch, to 29 May as quarter gunner, £2 16s 8¾d, and to 30 June as gunner’s mate, £1 14s 2d, a total of £4 10s 10½d. This section came to £35 5s 5½d.

Among the matrosses [artillery assistants], Joseph Boswell, Peter Bath, Samuel Clark, Edward Cullimote, John Cawdory and Derby Coyle each received £1 1s 3d. William Bateman, to 2 June when he deserted, was paid £2 16s 1d.

The subtotal for this portion of matrosses came to £27 3s 10d, bringing the overall total to £1619 8s 7½d.

194

190

Brought over £1619 8s 7½d

Matrosses Brought over £27 3s 10d

William Campbell £1 1s 3d
Anthony Day £1 1s 3d
William Ehenlow to the 16 May inclusive the day he was discharged £2 1s 4¼d
Patrick Murphy to the 29 May inclusive the day he was discharged £2 12s 6¼d
William Orms £1 1s 3d
Lawrence Peterson £1 1s 3d
John Smith Senr £1 1s 3d
John Smith Junr £1 1s 3d
Robert Vickars £1 1s 3d
John Bradley £1 1s 3d
John Peters £1 1s 3d
Richard Billington transferred from the 2 Company May 11 incl and paid for that day £2 0s 7¼d
Wm Willman to ye 19 May incl as Mat £2 12s 6¼d
Do to the 30 June incl as Quart Gunr £1 11s 1½d  £4 3s 6¾d
Abraham Ratcliff transferred from the 3 Company the 30 May inclusive £1 8s 8¾d
Adam Walton transferred from the 2 Company the 3 June inclusive £1 4s 11d
Andrew Barton transferred from the 2 Company the 30 May inclusive £1 8s 8¾d
Philip Hilliard £4 1s 3d

  £82 16s ½d

Superannuated
Richard Tinsley Overseer £3 8s 3d
Joseph Whaley Sergeant £3 8s 3d
William Burnham Do £3 8s 3d
Francis Tunge Armourer £6 0s 1½d  £16 5s 4½d

  £1718 10s ½d

The balance brought forward was £1619 8s 7½d.

The remaining matrosses received the following sums: William Campbell, Anthony Day, William Orms, Lawrence Peterson, John Smith Senior, John Smith Junior, Robert Vickars, John Bradley, John Peters and Philip Hilliard each received £1 1s 3d, except Hilliard who received £4 1s 3d.

William Ehenlow, to 16 May when discharged, was paid £2 1s 4¼d. Patrick Murphy, to 29 May when discharged, £2 12s 6¼d. Richard Billington, transferred from the Second Company on 11 May and paid for that day, £2 0s 7¼d. William Willman, to 19 May as matross, £2 12s 6¼d, and to 30 June as quarter gunner, £1 11s 1½d, totalling £4 3s 6¾d. Abraham Ratcliff, transferred from the Third Company on 30 May, £1 8s 8¾d; Adam Walton, transferred from the Second Company on 3 June, £1 4s 11d; and Andrew Barton, transferred from the Second Company on 30 May, £1 8s 8¾d.

This section of matrosses amounted to £82 16s ½d.

The superannuated officers and workmen received: Richard Tinsley, overseer, £3 8s 3d; Joseph Whaley and William Burnham, both sergeants, £3 8s 3d each; and Francis Tunge, armourer, £6 0s 1½d - together £16 5s 4½d.

The total for this quarter thus came to £1718 10s ½d.

195

191

Dr John Clark Paymaster

1749
June the 30 To Cash received from the Honble Company Cash Chest £1805 11s 7½d

Carried over £1805 11s 7½d

Per Contra

1749
May 1 By Cash paid John Smith for Enlisting to serve the Honble Company as a Soldier for five years to commence from the 12 of March last, having received two pound two shillings before from Govr Dunbar £3 3s 0d

June ye 7 By Dr Mr Matthew Brett for one anchor hold for the use of the Honble Company in their Quarter £4 14s 0d

By Dr of Isaac Leech for mending a Stagg Mark and a pendant for Mr Newson Point in this Quarter £1 1s 0d

June ye 30 By Dr of Rich Bayley for 1125 Lemons, 2 Firkins Butter @ £3 10s each £10 10s, 5½ Bushels Potatoes @ 5s, 2 Bushels for the use of the Honble Company’s Table in this Quarter £2 7s 6d

By Dr Michael Frost for cleaning Mathematical Instruments, Wyping Cloths, in this Quarter £1 7s 0d

By Dr Cash two parts for the following Particulars for the use of Honble Company’s Table in this Quarter, viz.
3 Firkins Butter @ £3 10s £10 10s 0d
50 lb Bacon @ 10d p lb £2 1s 8d
55 lb Cheshire Cheese @ 10d £2 15s 6d
49½ lb Gloucester Ditto @ 10d £2 1s 6d
2 Cask of split Pease @ 8s £0 16s 0d
6 Cwt Currants @ 6d £0 3s 3d  £23 8s 8d

Carried over £33 15s 2d

Dr John Clark, Paymaster, recorded that on 30 June 1749 he received £1805 11s 7½d from the Honourable Company’s cash chest.

Against this, several payments were made.

On 1 May, £3 3s was paid to John Smith as enlistment money for entering the Company’s service as a soldier for five years, commencing from 12 March, he having already received £2 2s from Governor Dunbar.

On 7 June, £4 14s was paid to Mr Matthew Brett for one anchor stock required for the Company’s use during the quarter.

Isaac Leech received £1 1s for repairing a flag mark and a pendant for Mr Newson Point.

On 30 June, £2 7s 6d was paid to Richard Bayley for 1125 lemons, two firkins of butter at £3 10s each (£10 10s), and five and a half bushels of potatoes at 5s per bushel, for the use of the Company’s table.

Michael Frost received £1 7s for cleaning mathematical instruments and providing wiping cloths during the quarter.

Further expenditure was made in two parts for provisions for the Company’s table during the quarter: three firkins of butter at £3 10s (£10 10s), fifty pounds of bacon at 10d per pound (£2 1s 8d), fifty-five pounds of Cheshire cheese at 10d (£2 15s 6d), forty-nine and a half pounds of Gloucester cheese at 10d (£2 1s 6d), two casks of split peas at 8s each (£0 16s), and six hundredweight of currants at 6d (£0 3s 3d), totalling £23 8s 8d.

This brought the subtotal of recorded payments to £33 15s 2d.

196

192

Blank page

197

193

Brought over £33 15s 2d

1749
June ye 30 By Cash paid Stephen Willoughby, William Hurlock, and Benjamin Thomas for baking 150 batches of bread for the Garrison at 6d per batch in this quarter £6 5s 0d

By Dr paid Anthony Day for 14 days’ work at the Plantation House at 1s 3d a day in this quarter £0 17s 6d

By Dr paid Thomas Greentree for 53 rafters, 5 loads of laths, and 4 loads of binders for covering the Perry House in this quarter £3 18s 0d

By Dr to William Duffon his allowance for abating the Surgeon Mr Samuel Falconer in making up medicines etc in this quarter £3 8s 3d

By Dr to sundry persons for coming express with alarms for ships to windward in this quarter £4 15s 0d

By Dr to the Honourable Company’s officers and servants, their salary, diet money etc for the quarter commencing April the 1st 1749 and ending June the 30th 1749 £1718 10s 7½d

By Dr to Captain Samson the balance of ship Hardwick’s account £12 17s 5d

By Dr to Captain Hindman the balance of ship Wager’s account £21 5s 3d

  £1805 11s 7½d

Island of St Helena
June the 30th 1749
John Clark, Paymaster

Counted and examined the Honourable Company’s cash for the month of June last, which is as follows, viz.

Dr John Clark, Paymaster, recorded that on 30 June 1749 he received £1805 11s 7½d from the Honourable Company’s cash chest.

Against this, the following payments were made:

On 1 May, £3 3s was paid to John Smith for enlisting to serve the Honourable Company as a soldier for five years to commence from 12 March last, he having previously received £2 2s from Governor Dunbar.

On 7 June, £4 14s was paid to Mr Matthew Brett for one anchor stock required for the use of the Honourable Company in that quarter.

Isaac Leech received £1 1s for mending a flag mark and a pendant for Mr Newson Point in the same quarter.

On 30 June, £2 7s 6d was paid to Richard Bayley for 1125 lemons, two firkins of butter at £3 10s each (£10 10s), and five and a half bushels of potatoes at 5s per bushel, all for the use of the Honourable Company’s table during that quarter.

Michael Frost was paid £1 7s for cleaning mathematical instruments and supplying wiping cloths during the same period.

Two further payments were made in cash for provisions for the Honourable Company’s table in that quarter, consisting of: three firkins of butter at £3 10s each (£10 10s), fifty pounds of bacon at 10d per pound (£2 1s 8d), fifty-five pounds of Cheshire cheese at 10d per pound (£2 15s 6d), forty-nine and a half pounds of Gloucester cheese at 10d per pound (£2 1s 6d), two casks of split peas at 8s each (£0 16s), and six hundredweight of currants at 6d per pound (£0 3s 3d). The total of these items came to £23 8s 8d.

The overall amount of expenditure thus far recorded for the quarter stood at £33 15s 2d.

198

194

July

Cash Dr

1749

June 1 To Balance remaining

2603 7 9½

3 To Exchange for one Sett of Bills drawn on the Honble

the Court of Directors payable to William Robinson

or Order 90 Days after Sight dated this day

350

6 To Ship Eastcourt the Balance of her Account

18 2 11½

19 To Ship Stretham the Balance of her Account

88 15 9½

20 To Ship Sweet Briton the Balance of her Account

12 4 4

21 To Account Currant Sudden for one Chest Treasure

No 484 taken out of the Ship Marlborough

containing the following Species Vizt

27 Dollars 5/3

6 15

46 Half Dollars 2/7½

5 15

665 Double Rials 1/3

416 1 3

2710 Rials 7½

397 3 9

4323 half Rials 3¾

223 15 11½

1049 10 11½

26 To Exchange Vizt

One Sett of Bills drawn on the Honble the

Court of Directors, payable to Matthew Bazelett

or Order 90 Days after Sight dated this day

66

One Sett of Do drawn as above Payable to

Mess Matthew Hunter & Richard Beale or Order

160

One Sett of Do Drawn as above Payable to

James Powell or Order

127 14

One Sett of Do Drawn as above Payable

to Elisha Jacke or Order

20

One Sett of Do Drawn as above payable to

Thomas French or Order

26 16 8

One Sett of Do Drawn as above Payable

to Capt Frances Seward or Order

200

27 To Ship Colchester the Balance of her Account

600 10 8

To Ship Oxford the Balance of her Account

104 1 6

To Ship Exeter the Balance of her Account

78 5 1½

38 7 1½

Carried over 4903 11 2½

Cash, debtor.

1 June, to balance remaining, £2,603 7s 9½d

3 June, to exchange for one set of bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors payable to William Robinson or order ninety days after sight dated this day, £350 0s 0d

6 June, to the ship Colchester, the balance of her account, £18 2s 11½d

14 June, to the ship Streatham, the balance of her account, £88 15s 9½d

20 June, to the ship True Briton, the balance of her account, £12 4s 4d

21 June, to account current, London, for one chest of treasure number 484 taken out of the ship Marlborough, containing the following species:

27 dollars at 6s 3d, £6 15s 0d

46 half dollars at 3s 1½d, £5 15s 0d

665 double rials at 1s 3d, £41 11s 3d

2,710 rials at 7½d, £39 7s 9d

4,323 half rials at 3¾d, £22 3s 11¼d

total, £1,049 10s 11¼d

26 June, to exchange for the following bills:

one set of bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors payable to Matthew Mudgett or order ninety days after sight dated this day, £66 0s 0d

one set drawn as above payable to Martin Harper and Richard Beale or order, £160 0s 0d

one set drawn as above payable to James Powell or order, £127 11s 0d

one set drawn as above payable to Elisha Jacke or order, £20 0s 0d

one set drawn as above payable to Thomas French or order, £26 16s 8d

one set drawn as above payable to Captain Francis Seward or order, £200 0s 0d

27 June, to the ship Colchester, the balance of her account, £600 10s 8d

to the ship Oxford, the balance of her account, £104 1s 6d

to the ship Exeter, the balance of her account, £78 5s 1½d

carried over, £4,903 11s 2¾d

Interpretations

This is the debtor side of the treasury cash account, the two-sided reckoning of the Company's chest, the money coming in gathered against the balance carried forward from the previous count. The account opens on £2,603 7s 9½d remaining and builds through the month on the ships' balances and the bills of exchange, the whole reaching £4,903 11s 2¾d carried over.

The bills of exchange are the chief means by which the island gathered coin, a private person or a ship's captain paying money into the Company's chest on the island and taking in return a bill drawn on the Court of Directors in London, payable ninety days after sight. The island took in the specie it needed for its own use while the payer's money travelled home as paper, a settled mechanism that turned the Company's cash chest into a point of exchange, the several bills to Robinson, Mudgett, Harper and Beale, Powell, Jacke, French and Captain Seward each a settler or officer sending funds to England without shipping the coin.

The chest of treasure taken out of the Marlborough is the other great source of the month, a whole chest of Spanish silver, the dollars, half dollars, double rials, rials and half rials counted coin by coin and valued at their island rates, entered to the London account current. The Spanish silver was the working currency of the eastern trade, and the Marlborough delivering a chest of it into the island's treasury shows the Company gathering the coin its own dealings needed from the ships that passed, the several ships' balances beside it the money the vessels owed for the beef, bread and stores they had drawn, the whole debtor side building the chest through the busy month toward the count that would set out the closing balance coin by coin.

199

195

1749

Per Contra Cr

1749

June 19 By Account Currant London Vizt

Paid Mr Wright According to the

Honble Companys Order

50

Paid Samuel Falconer Surgeon Do

3 14 6

53 14 6

20 By Exchange for one Sett of Bills drawn on

Captain John Hallett and Owner of Ship

Snetham Payable to the Honble Company

or Order Twenty Days after Sight Dated

this Day

300

30 By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Pay Master this Quarter 1805 11 7½

By Balance remaining in the following Species Vizt

1 Pr Gold Wt 11 15 14 £2 18 3 46 1 8½

½ Pr Do 3 9 12 3 12 13 11 3

70 Venetians 10/ 35

12 Rupees 3d/ 18

1500 Pagodas 8/ 624

Gold Amounting to 736 12 9

6000 Dollars 5/ 1500

3560 Double Reals 1/3 222 10

1448 Reals 7½ 45 5

12917 Half Reals 3¾ 202 3 1½

2650 Rupees 2/3 247

441 French Pieces 7/ 3 13 6

Odd Money 2 10

Silver Amounting to 2270 17 3½

146 Cash Notes 40/ 292

162 Do 20/ 162

261 Do 5/ 65 5

160 Do 2/6 20

Cash Notes Amounting to 539 5

3546 15 ½

Carried over 3706 12 ½

Per contra, creditor.

19 June, by account current, London:

paid Mr Wright according to the Honourable Company's order, £50 0s 0d

paid Samuel Falconer, surgeon, £3 14s 6d

total, £53 14s 6d

20 June, by exchange for one set of bills drawn on Captain John Hallett and owner of the ship Streatham, payable to the Honourable Company or order twenty days after sight dated this day, £300 0s 0d

30 June, by sundry accounts advanced the paymaster this quarter, £1,805 11s 7½d

by balance remaining in the following species:

weighed gold, 111 lb 25 dwt at £2 18s, £46 1s 5½d

weighed gold, 3 lb 9 dwt 12 gr at 3s 12d, £13 11s 7d

70 Venetians at 10s, £35 0s 0d

12 rupees at 3s, £18 0s 0d

1,500 pagodas at 8s, £624 0s 0d

gold amounting to, £736 12s 9d

6,000 dollars at 5s, £1,500 0s 0d

3,560 double rials at 1s 3d, £222 10s 0d

1,448 rials at 7½d, £45 5s 0d

12,947 half rials at 3¾d, £202 5s 1½d

2,640 rupees at 2s 3d, £297 0s 0d

441 French pieces at 1s 9d, £38 12s 6d

odd money, £2 10s 0d

silver amounting to, £2,270 19s 3½d

146 cash notes at 40s, £292 0s 0d

162 cash notes at 20s, £162 0s 0d

261 cash notes at 5s, £65 5s 0d

160 cash notes at 2s 6d, £20 0s 0d

cash notes amounting to, £539 5s 0d

total, £3,546 15s 3½d

carried over, £5,706 12s 1¼d

Interpretations

This is the creditor side of the treasury cash account, the money going out and the balance remaining counted coin by coin, set against the debtor side of the previous page. The great outgoing is the £1,805 11s 7½d advanced to the paymaster for the quarter's pay, the sum drawn from the chest to answer the salaries, diet money, bounties and labour of the whole establishment, the same charge that opened the paymaster's own account.

The bills drawn on Captain Hallett and the owners of the Streatham run the exchange the other way from the debtor side, the Company here paying money to the ship against a bill payable in London, the island settling its own dealings through the same paper mechanism by which it gathered coin, and the payments to Wright and the surgeon Falconer the ordinary discharge of the Company's debts on the spot.

The balance remaining is the heart of the account, the whole treasure of the island's chest told over coin by coin and valued at its island rates, the gold, silver and cash notes each reckoned apart. The gold runs to weighed bullion, Venetians, rupees and above all 1,500 pagodas, the Indian gold coin the island held in quantity, and the silver to six thousand Spanish dollars and their divisions, rials and half rials, with rupees and French pieces among them, the working currency of the eastern trade. The cash notes are the Company's own paper money, issued on the island and current there, graded by denomination. The chest closes at £3,546 15s 3½d in specie and notes, the whole a picture of a remote treasury holding the coin of half the trading world, the Indian pagoda and rupee, the Spanish dollar and rial and the French piece all gathered in the Company's strongroom and counted against its own paper, carried over at £5,706 12s 1¼d.

200

196

1749
June 30

To Balance brought over £4903 11s 2¾d

To Matthew Purling, received of him for store goods sold in the months of April, May, and June £778 1s 2½d

To Plantation for provisions sold this quarter £9 8s 9d

To licences received for ten public houses £15 0s 0d

  £5706 1s 2¼d

The account for 30 June 1749 showed a balance brought forward of £4903 11s 2¾d.

Matthew Purling paid £778 1s 2½d for store goods sold during the months of April, May, and June.

The plantation provided £9 8s 9d from the sale of provisions during the quarter.

In addition, £15 was received for ten public house licences.

These amounts together totalled £5706 1s 2¼d.

201

197

Per Contra

Brought over £5706 1s 2¼d

  £5706 1s 2¼d

(signed)
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 24th day of July 1749 at the Castle

Present:
Charles Hutchinson Esq., Governor
Captain David Hunter, Lt Governor
Lieutenant John Clark, of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed.

Tuesday the 18th: Passed by a ship at a great distance.
Saturday the 22nd: Arrived the Porto Bello, Captain Fisher, from Fort St David.
This day died Thomas Hayes, planter.

The balance of £5706 1s 2¼d was confirmed on both sides of the account, the entry being signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

At a consultation held at the Castle on Monday, 24 July 1749, Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of Council were present. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Tuesday the 18th a ship had been sighted passing the island at a great distance.

On Saturday the 22nd, the Porto Bello, commanded by Captain Fisher, arrived from Fort St David.

That same day, Thomas Hayes, a planter, died.

202

198

Invoice of Ship Porto Bello
LCST
Long Cloth Superfine white 1 Bale 2 Corgs
Pag 200 pr corge
400
Packing
2
402

LCO
Long Cloth Ordinary white
2 7 2 10 Cor Pr Pag 1 18 40 pr corge
10.3 2820
Packing Pag 2 pr Bale
4
107 28 20

S
Sugar 26 ps 9 Candy @ Pag 15.18 pr Candy
139 18
Arack Batavia 1 Leaguer
60
709 10 20

Charges Merchantdize Vzt
Cloth Bags 26 2 6
Gunny Do 32 3 23 3
Twine 4 3 13
Boat Cooley hire 2
7 32 16

Pagodas
717 6 36

Errors Excepted
Edward Cooke Accomptt

Lieutenant John Clark reports that he has been on board the Ship Porto Bello to muster her company & search for deserters but found none, the muster Roll is as follow Vizt

Invoice of the Porto Bello

The invoice recorded the following goods.

Under the heading “LCST”, one bale containing two corges of superfine white long cloth was listed, priced at 200 pagodas per corge, giving a total of 400 pagodas. Packing added a further 2 pagodas, making 402 pagodas in total.

Under “LCO”, for ordinary white long cloth, there were two bales, one containing seven corges and another containing ten. The rate was 1 pagoda and 18 fanams per corge, producing a total of 10 bales and 3 corges, valued at 2820 pagodas. Packing was charged at 2 pagodas per bale, bringing the total for this section to 107 pagodas, 28 fanams, and 20 cash.

For sugar, twenty-six pieces and nine candies were noted at 15 pagodas and 18 fanams per candy, amounting to 139 pagodas and 18 fanams.

One leaguer [large cask] of Batavia arrack [a spirit distilled from palm sap or rice] was listed at 60 pagodas.

The total of these items came to 709 pagodas, 10 fanams, and 20 cash.

Under “Charges on merchandise”, the account included the cost of cloth bags, 26 at 2 pagodas and 6 fanams; gunny [coarse jute] bags, 32 at 3 pagodas and 23 fanams and 3 cash; twine, 4 at 3 pagodas and 13 fanams; and boat coolie [labourer] hire, 2 pagodas, amounting altogether to 7 pagodas, 32 fanams, and 16 cash.

The grand total of the invoice was 717 pagodas, 6 fanams, and 36 cash.

The account was signed off “Errors excepted, Edward Cooke, Accomptant”.

Lieutenant John Clark then reported that he had gone on board the Porto Bello to muster her crew and to search for any deserters, but had found none. He added that the muster roll was as follows.

203

199

Muster Roll of Ship Porto Bello
Benjamin Fisher Commandr
William Fauron 1st Mate
Tho's Bradison 2d Do
Will'm Gibson 3d Do
Benj'n Masters 4th Do
Rich'd Clowson Carpenter
George Houston Boatswain
John Spence Surgeon
Tho's Townsend Ships Steward
Saml Raymond Capt of Do
Dav Zach Boatsw'n Mate
Alexandr Wesham Gunners Yeo'm
Timothy Cotton Caulker
Tho's Wilson Midshipman
Walter M'Culloch Do
Francis Blunt Do
Francis Alswood Do
Edward Rand Do
Tho's Webster Do
Luke Davis Do
Jn'o Alexander Asst. Mast'r
James Oliphant Do
Saml Coffen Capt of Rock A
Andw Reginald Ships Cook
Benj'n Rollo Cooper
Wm Waller Do Mate
John Craig Seaman
John Gillis Do
John Pearson Do
John Henderson Do
John Smith Do
Tho's Derb Do
John Waller Do
Barnet White Do
Alexandr Christol Do
James Farley Do
Peter Forbes Do
James Welch Do
Will'm Boera Do
John Hindrickson Do
Jacob Fry Do
Will'm Arnett Do
Walter Wimp Do
Tho's Gillham Do
Tho's Power Butcher
Wm M'Robbin Capt Taylors Servt
Jn'o Seaborn 1st Mates Servt
Edmund Elliston 2d Mates Do
Wm Poorkerhurst Gunners Do
Benj'n Pidson Surg's Do
Wm Craig Carpt's Do
Wm White Armourer
Wm Dickson Seaman
Wm Johnson Do
Jean Daniel Carpt's Servt
John August Seaman
David Hendrick Carpt Servt
Saml Harley Do Do
Mariny Captn Cook's Mate

Passengers
Mr George Heath
Mrs Mary Harrison
Mr Matthew Samson
John Loyd & Child
Mary Male Do
3 Slave Women Attendants
2 Do Companys
John Fry

The Accomptant brought in his Journal parcels for the Quarter ending the 30th June last, which were Examined and approved and Ordered to be Entered.

Cha's Hutchinson
David Frazier
John Clarke

The muster roll of the Porto Bello listed Benjamin Fisher as commander, with William Fauron as first mate, Thomas Bradison as second mate, William Gibson as third mate, and Benjamin Masters as fourth mate. Richard Clowson was carpenter, George Houston boatswain, John Spence surgeon, Thomas Townsend ship’s steward, and Samuel Raymond captain of the steward’s department. David Zach served as boatswain’s mate, Alexander Wesham as gunner’s yeoman, and Timothy Cotton as caulker.

Among the midshipmen were Thomas Wilson, Walter McCulloch, Francis Blunt, Francis Alswood, Edward Rand, Thomas Webster, and Luke Davis. John Alexander and James Oliphant served as assistant masters. Samuel Coffen was captain of the rock [possibly referring to the ship’s rock or small boat crew], and Andrew Reginald ship’s cook. Benjamin Rollo was cooper, assisted by William Waller as cooper’s mate.

The seamen included John Craig, John Gillis, John Pearson, John Henderson, John Smith, Thomas Derb, John Waller, Barnet White, Alexander Christol, James Farley, Peter Forbes, James Welch, William Boera, John Hindrickson, Jacob Fry, William Arnett, Walter Wimp, Thomas Gillham, and Thomas Power, who was butcher.

The servants and artisans aboard comprised William McRobbin, captain’s tailor’s servant; John Seaborn, first mate’s servant; Edmund Elliston, second mate’s servant; William Poorkerhurst, gunner’s servant; Benjamin Pidson, surgeon’s servant; William Craig, carpenter’s servant; and William White, armourer. Among the remaining crew were William Dickson and William Johnson, both seamen, Jean Daniel, carpenter’s servant, John August, seaman, David Hendrick, carpenter’s servant, and Samuel Harley, also carpenter’s servant. Mariny was noted as the captain cook’s mate.

Passengers included Mr George Heath, Mrs Mary Harrison, Mr Matthew Samson, John Loyd and his child, and Mary Male with her child. Three slave women were recorded as attendants, together with two belonging to the Company. John Fry was also listed.

The accountant then presented his quarterly journal entries for the period ending 30 June, which were examined, approved, and entered into the Company’s records. The document was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Frazier, and John Clarke.

204

200

At a Consultation held on Monday the 31st day of July 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Capt David Hunter Lt Governour Lieut John Clark of Council

Sunday the 30 Arrived the Ship Bombay Castle Capt Tho's Brown from Bengall

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

The Storekeeper Delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Porto Bello Vizt

Account of Stores short received from the Porto Bello Vizt
10 Baggs Sugar
1 Leager Batavia Arrack

July 31st 1749
(signed) M. Piering Storekpr

The Land Petitioned for by Mr Rich'd Gurling in consultation of the 23 August 1748 having been viewed and found not prejudicial to the Honble Company or Neighbourhood, We have granted him a Lease for the same about one Acre of which at the Customary Rent about four Acres more at the Acknowledgment of 1s Acre in consideration of its being very Barren and is only intended for Conveniency of Fencing

Cha's Hutchinson
David Frazier
John Clarke

At a consultation held at the Castle on Monday the 31st of July 1749, those present were Charles Hutchinson, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council.

On Sunday the 30th, the Bombay Castle, commanded by Captain Thomas Brown, arrived from Bengal. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

The storekeeper then presented an account showing certain items that had been short received from the Porto Bello. These were ten bags of sugar and one leaguer [large cask] of Batavia arrack. The account was dated 31 July 1749 and signed by M. Piering, storekeeper.

The Council next considered a matter previously raised in the consultation of 23 August 1748 concerning land requested by Mr Richard Gurling. The ground in question had been inspected and was found not to cause inconvenience either to the Honourable Company or to neighbouring properties. A lease was therefore granted to him. It comprised about one acre at the usual rent, together with roughly four additional acres granted at the nominal acknowledgment of one shilling per acre, as the land was very barren and valued chiefly for the convenience it offered in fencing.

The document was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Frazier, and John Clarke.

205

201

At a Consultation held on Monday the 7th day of August 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Capt David Hunter Lt Governour Lieut John Clark of Council

Monday the 31st Arrived the Ship Godolphin Capt John Stevens from Bencoolen

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Lieutenant John Clark reports that he has been on board the Ships Godolphin & Bombay Castle to muster their Companys & search for Deserters but found none, their Muster Rolls are as follows Vizt

Muster Roll of Ship Godolphin

John Stevens Commander
Benjamin Sluthe 1st Mate
Robert Brooke 2d Do
Henry Druffield 3d Do
John Cooke 4th Do
Francis Humphries 5th Do
Peter Dore Purser
Ronald Waugh Surgeon
David Oxen Carpenter
Thomas Johnson Gunner
William Cross Boatswain
John Davis Caulker
John Brown Sailmaker
Jeremiah Lawson Cooper
Abraham Spencer Armourer
James Mitchell Ships Steward
Henry Whitmaver Ships Cook
James Heave Capt’s Do
William Combs Joyner
Will’m Williams Capt’s Servt
Tho’s Richard Caulk’s Mate
John Burt Boatsw’n Mate
Rob’t Brown Surgeon’s Mate
Tho’s Anderson Land Mast’r
John Barley
Samuel Price Do
James Frazier Do
Tho’s Saunders Midshipman
George Slathe Do
James Johnson Do
Will’m Mercer Midshipman
Nathaniel Little Do
Matthew Bradley Taylor
Saml Cowtie Butcher
Rich’d Walden Butcher
Geo. Mayfield Capt’s Clerk
Geo. Gillett Coxswain
John Thomas Cox’s Mate
Tho’s Dowell Capt’s Servt
Antonia Shamong Do
Saml Daws Gunr Mate Do
Saml Layton Boatsw’n 2d Do
Tho’s Williams Carp’s Do
Philip Eales Gunr Do
Wm Jones Boatsw’n Do

At a consultation held at the Castle on Monday the 7th of August 1749, those present were Charles Hutchinson, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council.

On Monday the 31st, the Godolphin, commanded by Captain John Stevens, had arrived from Bencoolen. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had been on board both the Godolphin and the Bombay Castle to muster their crews and to search for any deserters, but had found none. The muster rolls of the two ships were then recorded as follows.

The muster roll of the Godolphin listed John Stevens as commander, with Benjamin Sluthe as first mate, Robert Brooke as second mate, Henry Druffield as third mate, John Cooke as fourth mate, and Francis Humphries as fifth mate. Peter Dore was purser, Ronald Waugh surgeon, David Oxen carpenter, Thomas Johnson gunner, and William Cross boatswain. John Davis served as caulker, John Brown as sailmaker, Jeremiah Lawson as cooper, Abraham Spencer as armourer, and James Mitchell as ship’s steward. Henry Whitmaver was ship’s cook, with James Heave as captain’s cook. William Combs was joiner. The captain’s servant was William Williams.

Among the petty officers were Thomas Richard, caulker’s mate; John Burt, boatswain’s mate; Robert Brown, surgeon’s mate; and Thomas Anderson, land master [possibly the master of small craft]. John Barley, Samuel Price, and James Frazier were also entered under the same heading. Midshipmen were Thomas Saunders, George Slathe, James Johnson, William Mercer, and Nathaniel Little. Matthew Bradley was tailor, Samuel Cowtie and Richard Walden were butchers, and George Mayfield served as the captain’s clerk. George Gillett was coxswain, with John Thomas as his mate.

The captain’s servants included Thomas Dowell and Antonia Shamong. Samuel Daws was gunner’s mate, Samuel Layton second boatswain’s mate, Thomas Williams carpenter’s mate, Philip Eales gunner’s mate, and William Jones another boatswain’s mate.

206

202

Tho’s Hendles Guny Mate
John Wallis Seaman
James Carter Do
Rich’d Jones Do
Cha’s Fawn Do
Hans Everson Do
John Roake Do
Annastatia Porsua Do
George Geronomy Do
John Shamble Do
Isaac Lebound Do
Matthew Shels Do
Henry Gower Do
Jacob Witts Do
Joseph Proothen Do
John Daughty Do
John Willis Do
Philip Price Do
John Dellite Do

Tho’s Hobbs Seaman
Jas Reach Do
Alexandr Jeffery Do
Abath’r Islam Do
John Holme Do
Jos Annably Do
Rd Andrew Do
Alexandr Campbell Do
Dennis Donovan Do
Philip Elano Do
Jos Reybourn Do
Benj’n Bennett Do
Wm Browning Do
Rich’d Fitzgarald Do
John Richard Do
Edward Carr Do
John Smith Do
Mark Bagwell Do
George Beney Do

John Bruden Seaman
John Glass Do
Charles Smith Do
Garret Delany Do
George Kelty Do
James Manly Do
Edmund Jones Do
Richard Smith Do
William Bonner Do
Edwd Peacock Do
John Rupert Do
Fran Bladwick Do
John Mosa Do
Isaac Bowrain Do
John Vansanten Do
Philip Peterson Do
John Bennet Do
Peter Clauson Do
Ian Hannamoor Do
Ian Rijke Do

Muster Roll of Ship Bombay Castle

Tho. Browne Commander
Joseph Bushell 1st Mate
Neveld Norway 2d Do
Cha. Allger 3d Do
Isl. Davenport 4th Do
David Hiam 5th Do
Joseph Browne Purser
Cha. Mauler Surgeon
Nathpl Richardson Carp'r
Alex Fisher Gunner
Hen'y Hankes Boats'n
Rich'd Dalley Caulker
Cha. Simpson Midship.
Phineas Hunt Do
Loyd Wilson Do
Tho. Wakes Coxswain
Jn'o Welch Quartermaster
Wm Bacon Do
Ja's Douglas Do
John Anderson Do
John North Ships Steward
Rich. Marlow Cooper
Jeromy Donovan Armourer
Sam'l Crough Sailmaker
Wm Brown Capt Serv't
Tho. Knightly Jun'r Ships Do
Ja's Young Quarter Mate
Wm Hous Capt 1st Mate
Stephen Miller 2d Do
Ja's Burrell Boats'n Mate
Dav'd Lindsay Capt 1st Mate
Rich. Glymer Taylor
Tho. Knightly Sen'r Butcher
Bolbyer Johnson Seaman
Wm Kibbet Do
Com. Tim Bewkel Do
John Welles Do
Rob't Freame Do
Alexandr Diano Do
Eugene Anderson Do
Henry Fractions Do
Ambrose Death Do
Wm Murray Do
Gab Meade Do
Baptiste Cooles Do

The remaining names on the Godolphin’s muster roll listed Thomas Hendles as gunner’s mate, followed by a large number of seamen. These included John Wallis, James Carter, Richard Jones, Charles Fawn, Hans Everson, John Roake, Annastatia Porsua, George Geronomy, John Shamble, Isaac Lebound, Matthew Shels, Henry Gower, Jacob Witts, Joseph Proothen, John Daughty, John Willis, Philip Price, and John Dellite. Also listed were Thomas Hobbs, James Reach, Alexander Jeffery, Abathar Islam, John Holme, Joseph Annably, Richard Andrew, Alexander Campbell, Dennis Donovan, Philip Elano, Joseph Reybourn, Benjamin Bennett, William Browning, Richard Fitzgarald, John Richard, Edward Carr, John Smith, Mark Bagwell, George Beney, John Bruden, John Glass, Charles Smith, Garret Delany, George Kelty, James Manly, Edmund Jones, Richard Smith, William Bonner, Edward Peacock, John Rupert, Francis Bladwick, John Mosa, Isaac Bowrain, John Vansanten, Philip Peterson, John Bennet, Peter Clauson, Ian Hannamoor, and Ian Rijke.

The muster roll of the Bombay Castle then followed. Thomas Browne was commander, with Joseph Bushell as first mate, Neveld Norway second mate, Charles Allger third mate, Isl. Davenport fourth mate, and David Hiam fifth mate. Joseph Browne was purser, Charles Mauler surgeon, Nathaniel Richardson carpenter, Alexander Fisher gunner, and Henry Hankes boatswain. Richard Dalley served as caulker. Midshipmen were Charles Simpson, Phineas Hunt, and Loyd Wilson. Thomas Wakes was coxswain, with John Welch, William Bacon, James Douglas, and John Anderson listed as quartermasters.

John North acted as ship’s steward, Richard Marlow as cooper, Jeremy Donovan as armourer, Samuel Crough as sailmaker, William Brown as captain’s servant, and Thomas Knightly junior as ship’s servant. James Young served as quartermaster’s mate. William Hous was captain’s first mate, Stephen Miller his second, and James Burrell boatswain’s mate. David Lindsay was also named as captain’s first mate. Richard Glymer was tailor, and Thomas Knightly senior butcher.

Among the seamen were Bolbyer Johnson, William Kibbet, Com. Tim Bewkel, John Welles, Robert Freame, Alexander Diano, Eugene Anderson, Henry Fractions, Ambrose Death, William Murray, Gabriel Meade, and Baptiste Cooles.

207

203

Tho. Clarke Midshipman
Walter Costly Seaman
Bartho. Francis Do
John Brennan Do
George Drake Do
John Cocky Do
Ferdinando Lucas Do
John Sacks Do
Ja’s Flaherty Do
Wm Sheridan Do
Robert Hale Do
Will’m Hall Do
Rich’d Howell Do
George Dyer Do
Michael Redmond Do
Lawrence Lloyd Do
David Nicholls Do
Mich’l Connery Do
John Pinnell Do

Antonie Almeda Seaman
Is’l Clarenboul Caulkt Mate
Christ’r Paulsen Seaman
John Walker Do
John Radford Do
Peter Gaun Do
Peter Harper Do
John Morrison Do
Daniel Carmichael Do
Wm Sweeny Do
Wm Miller Do
Mich’l FitzGerald Midship.
Tho. Oliver Seaman
Arath’m Parker Do
John Moody Do
Peter Man Midshipman
Antone Doruax French Do
Rene Foucault Do
Peter Anderson Seaman

John Nero Landman
Daniel Degraff Do
Cha’s Waddland Seaman
Saml Shaw Do
Fra. Mercier French prov’n
Geo. Wills
John Palmer Capt’s Servants
John Buswell 1st Mates Serv’t
Edw. Cooper 2d Mates Do
Will’m Miller Jun’r 3d Do
Tho’s Benwell Surg’n Do
John Thomas Boats’n Do
Harry Simmons Carp’rs Do
Rich. Jones Gunners Do

Passengers
Onesphorus Tyndalle
George Grogan
Sophia Araborn and
a small black girl per sent.

There being no Rozin in the Honourable Companys Stores. We agreed to Buy one Cask of Capt. John Stevens weighing 200, for which we paid him £2 1s 7d.

Cha’s Hutchinson
David Frazier
John Clarke

The muster roll of the Bombay Castle continued with Thomas Clarke listed as midshipman, followed by numerous seamen: Walter Costly, Bartholomew Francis, John Brennan, George Drake, John Cocky, Ferdinando Lucas, John Sacks, James Flaherty, William Sheridan, Robert Hale, William Hall, Richard Howell, George Dyer, Michael Redmond, Lawrence Lloyd, David Nicholls, Michael Connery, John Pinnell, and Antonie Almeda. Israel Clarenboul was recorded as caulker’s mate. Other seamen included Christopher Paulsen, John Walker, John Radford, Peter Gaun, Peter Harper, John Morrison, Daniel Carmichael, William Sweeny, and William Miller.

Michael Fitzgerald appeared as midshipman, with Thomas Oliver, Arathorn Parker, and John Moody listed as seamen. Peter Man was another midshipman, together with Antone Doruax and René Foucault, both identified as French midshipmen. Further names among the crew were Peter Anderson, John Nero, and Daniel Degraff, both described as landmen [inexperienced sailors], as well as Charles Waddland, Samuel Shaw, and Francis Mercier, the latter marked as French provisioner.

The captain’s servants were George Wills and John Palmer. John Buswell was servant to the first mate, Edward Cooper to the second, William Miller junior to the third, Thomas Benwell to the surgeon, John Thomas to the boatswain, Harry Simmons to the carpenter, and Richard Jones to the gunner.

Passengers on board were Onesphorus Tyndalle, George Grogan, and Sophia Araborn, accompanied by a small black girl who was described as a servant.

As there was no rosin [resin used for ship maintenance] in the Honourable Company’s stores, the Council agreed to purchase one cask from Captain John Stevens, weighing 200 pounds, for which payment of £2 1s 7d was made. The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Frazier, and John Clarke.

208

204

At a Consultation held on Thursday the 10 day of August 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Capt David Hunter Lt Governour Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

We received the following Letter from Captain Tho. Browne Vizt

To the Worshipfull Charles Hutchinson Esq Gov. & Council of St. Helena

Worshipfull Sirs

In Endeavouring to save this Passage round the Cape, I met with some few Days Excessive bad Weather, or rather a Storm with Mountainious Seas, in which I durst not loose a bit of Sail to bear away for fear of carrying every thing by the Board, or being poopt by the Sea. Yet made not an Inch of Water, but what was Occasioned by the Ships Straining and upon Examining every thing since We came in, find an Absolute Necessity for Oversetting several of our Standards on the lower Deck, & new bolting the same & - And looking into the Hold, find four of the Honble Company’s Bales Damaged one being Muslin & the other 3 Soosey: the Damage Occasion’d by some Water running a long one or two of the Beams in the Hold from the Ship’s Labouring much & straining in her upper Works.

I now Request your Advice & Assistance in regard to having the said Bales at shore to Wash, Rinse or otherwise, as may be thought most Expedient, for if any thing can be done to prevent the Goods growing quite Rotten, the less the Damage is the better, whether it be to the Honble Company or the Owners. Who I imagine to the Company as there is no

At a consultation held at the Castle on Thursday the 10th of August 1749, those present were Charles Hutchinson, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

A letter was then received from Captain Thomas Browne of the Bombay Castle. In it, he reported that while attempting to shorten his passage around the Cape, he had encountered several days of extremely severe weather, or rather a storm, with mountainous seas. During this period, he had not dared to set any sail to bear away, fearing that doing so would carry away the masts and rigging or that the vessel might be struck by heavy seas from astern. Despite these violent conditions, he stated that the ship had taken in no water other than that caused by straining.

After making a full inspection upon arrival, he had found it absolutely necessary to replace several of the standards [upright supports] on the lower deck and to refasten them with new bolts. On examining the hold, he discovered that four of the Honourable Company’s bales had suffered damage - one bale of muslin and three of soosey [a type of cotton cloth]. The injury had been caused by water that had run along one or two of the beams in the hold as a result of the ship’s labouring and the strain upon her upper works during the storm.

He therefore requested the Governor and Council’s advice and assistance in determining how best to handle the damaged bales, asking whether they should be brought ashore to be washed, rinsed, or otherwise treated as might be considered most effective. He observed that any action taken to prevent the goods from rotting would reduce the eventual loss, whether that loss fell upon the Honourable Company or upon the owners, which he believed to be the Company, since there was no

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Guarding against the Violence of the Wind or Raging of the Seas which only to behold is dreadfull enough.
I have the Honour to be
Worshipfull Sirs
Your most Obedt Humble Servant
(signed) Tho. Browne

Ship Bombay Castle in St. Helena Road
August the 9th 1749

To which we sent the following Answer Vizt

Sir
We are very sorry to find by the Letter we this Morning received from You, that some of the Honble Companys Bales have been Damaged by the bad Weather, you met with in your passage hither.

If you think it proper to send them on Shore to be Opened and Dryed, or to have any other measures taken to remove the Damage they have received, or to prevent it from spreading further. We shall be ready to give you all the Assistance for these Purposes that is in our power.

St. Helena
10th August 1749

To Capt. Thomas Browne
Commander of Ship Bombay Castle

We are
Sir
Your most Humble Servants
(signed) Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clarke

Tuesday the 8th Instant arrived a Dane Ship called the Copenhagen Capt. Fleming Ulrick Workman Burthen 208 Lasts 24 Guns & 74 Men Loaded with Red Wood Salt Pepper & some Bales. She came from Trinquebar & is bound to Copenhagen.

Captain Thomas Browne’s letter concluded by remarking on the ferocity of the weather, stating that the mere sight of the storm’s violence and the raging seas had been dreadful enough to behold. He closed respectfully, signing himself as “Your most obedient humble servant, Thomas Browne”, written from the Bombay Castle then lying in St Helena Road, dated the 9th of August 1749.

In reply, the Governor and Council wrote to Captain Browne expressing their concern upon learning from his letter that several of the Honourable Company’s bales had been damaged by the severe weather encountered during his voyage. They advised that, should he consider it proper to have the bales sent ashore for opening and drying, or to take any other measures to remove the damage already sustained or to prevent it from worsening, they would be ready to provide whatever assistance lay within their power. Their letter was dated St Helena, 10 August 1749, and addressed to Captain Thomas Browne, commander of the Bombay Castle. It was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clarke.

It was also recorded that on Tuesday the 8th of August there had arrived a Danish ship named the Copenhagen, commanded by Captain Fleming Ulrick Workman. The vessel was of 208 lasts [a measure of tonnage], mounted 24 guns, and carried a crew of 74 men. Her cargo consisted of redwood, salt, pepper, and several bales. She had sailed from Tranquebar and was bound for Copenhagen.

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Bought of Capt Benjamin Fisher, one Chear Mast, containing 60 feet in length & 13 Inches Diameter, for twelve Pounds, as there was but one Topmast remaining in the Honble Companys Stores, and that but indifferent

Cha’s Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clarke

At a Consultation held on Monday the 14th day of August 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Capt David Hunter Lt Governour Lieutenant John Clark of Council

Tuesday the 8th Departed the Godolphin Capt John Stevens for England

The Executors of Thomas Hayes deceas’d this day presented the last Will & Testament of the said dec’d desiring the same might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto. The Will is as follows Vizt

In the Name of God Amen this Sixteenth day of July in the Year of Our Lord God One thousand Seven Hundred & forty Nine, I Tho’s Hayes of the Island of St. Helena Planter, being Sick & Weak of Body, but of Sound & perfect Mind & Memory (thanks to Almighty God) and calling to Mind the Uncertainty of this Life, & knowing it is appointed for all Men once to Dye, do make & Appoint this my last Will & Testament that is to say first & principally I give & recommend my Soul into the Hands of Almighty God my Creator, My Body I

A purchase was recorded from Captain Benjamin Fisher of the Porto Bello, consisting of one cheer [or sheer] mast measuring sixty feet in length and thirteen inches in diameter. The price agreed was twelve pounds. This was deemed necessary as only one topmast remained in the Honourable Company’s stores, and that was of poor quality. The entry was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clarke.

At a consultation held at the Castle on Monday the 14th of August 1749, those present were Charles Hutchinson, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council.

It was noted that on Tuesday the 8th, the Godolphin, commanded by Captain John Stevens, had departed for England.

On that same day, the executors of the late Thomas Hayes presented his last will and testament, requesting that it be proved. This was duly done upon the oaths of the witnesses. The will, which was then read into the record, began as follows.

In the name of God, Amen. On the sixteenth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty-nine, Thomas Hayes of the Island of St Helena, planter, being sick and weak in body but of sound and perfect mind and memory, gave thanks to Almighty God and reflected upon the uncertainty of life, knowing that it was appointed for all men to die once. He therefore made and declared this to be his last will and testament. First and principally, he commended his soul into the hands of Almighty God, his Creator. His body he

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commit to the Earth to be Buried in a Christian like & Decent manner, My Worldly Goods I give Devise & Dispose of in the following Manner

Imprimus
I give & Bequeath to my wellbeloved Children George & William all my whole Estate both Real & Personal, to be Delivered to them at Age or Marriage

Item
I give to my Mother as a Token of my Duty & filial Affection her Living upon my Estate during her Natural Life & to live with my Children & they to be intirely under her Care & Management during their minority.

Lastly I Nominate & Appoint my good friends Nathan Sample, Elisha Jackes, Samuel Crispe, my Brother John Hayes, Executors, and my Mother an Executrix to this my Will. Revoking & Disannulling all former Wills by me made, Ratifying & Confirming this & no other to be my last Will & Testament

(signed) Thomas Hayes ✠

Signed Sealed and Declared as the last Will & Testament of him the said Thomas Hayes in the presence of Us

William Hayes
Richard Beale

The Plantation Gunners and Stewards Accounts for the Month of July last were this day brought in, which were Examined and Approved and are as follows Vizt

Thomas Hayes continued his will by stating that his body was to be committed to the earth and buried in a Christian and decent manner. Concerning his worldly possessions, he gave, devised, and disposed of them in the following way.

First, he bequeathed to his well-beloved children, George and William, his entire estate, both real and personal, to be delivered to them upon reaching full age or upon marriage.

Secondly, he gave to his mother, as a token of his duty and filial affection, the right to reside upon his estate during her natural life. She was to live with his children and to have the complete care and management of them during their minority.

Lastly, he nominated and appointed his good friends Nathan Sample, Elisha Jackes, and Samuel Crispe, together with his brother John Hayes, as executors of his will, and his mother as executrix. He revoked and annulled all former wills previously made by him, confirming and ratifying this alone as his true and final testament.

The document was signed by Thomas Hayes, who marked it with a cross, and it was witnessed by William Hayes and Richard Beale.

The plantation gunners’ and stewards’ accounts for the month of July were then presented. These were examined and approved, as recorded in the following accounts.

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208

Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of July 1749

Neat Cattle Sheep Goats Hoggs Poultry Horses

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Sheats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining the 1: 4 Bulls, 83 Cows, 68 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 32 Heifers, 4 Steers, 6 Oxen, 213 Total, 88 Ewes, 17 Wethers, 69 Lambs, 4 Rams, 178 Total, 85 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 48 Kids, 5 Rams, 169 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 9 Sheats, 6 Piggs, 1 Boars, 22 Total, 45 Turkeys, 170 Fowls, 8 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 2 Mares, 10 Total

Encreased: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 7 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 7 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 5 Lambs, 0 Rams, 5 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 5 Kids, 0 Rams, 5 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 6 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 6 Total, 10 Turkeys, 20 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

4 Bulls, 83 Cows, 75 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 32 Heifers, 4 Steers, 6 Oxen, 220 Total, 88 Ewes, 17 Wethers, 74 Lambs, 4 Rams, 183 Total, 85 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 53 Kids, 5 Rams, 174 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 9 Sheats, 12 Piggs, 1 Boars, 28 Total, 55 Turkeys, 190 Fowls, 8 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 2 Mares, 10 Total

Killed: 0 Bulls, 1 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 1 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 2 Total, 2 Ewes, 2 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 4 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 2 Kids, 0 Rams, 2 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 2 Sheats, 1 Piggs, 0 Boars, 3 Total, 0 Turkeys, 17 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Died: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 0 Turkeys, 10 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Stole: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 0 Turkeys, 8 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Remaining the 31: 4 Bulls, 82 Cows, 75 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 31 Heifers, 4 Steers, 6 Oxen, 218 Total, 86 Ewes, 15 Wethers, 74 Lambs, 4 Rams, 179 Total, 85 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 51 Kids, 5 Rams, 172 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 7 Sheats, 11 Piggs, 1 Boars, 25 Total, 55 Turkeys, 155 Fowls, 8 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 2 Mares, 10 Total

Beef to the Porto Bello

336

Yams Expended of the Honble Companys

30.000

[Signed] David Hunter

Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of July 1749.

Neat cattle, remaining the 1st: bulls 4, cows 83, calves 68, yearlings 16, heifers 32, steers 4, oxen 6, total 213

Sheep, remaining the 1st: ewes 88, wethers 17, lambs 69, rams 4, total 178

Goats, remaining the 1st: ewes 85, wethers 31, kids 48, rams 5, total 169

Hogs, remaining the 1st: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 9, pigs 6, boars 1, total 22

Poultry, remaining the 1st: turkeys 45, fowls 170, ducks 8, geese 16, total 239

Horses, remaining the 1st: horses 8, mares 2, total 10

Increased, neat cattle: calves 7, total 7

Increased, sheep: lambs 5, total 5

Increased, goats: kids 5, total 5

Increased, hogs: shoats 6, total 6

Increased, poultry: turkeys 10, fowls 20, total 30

Neat cattle: bulls 4, cows 83, calves 75, yearlings 16, heifers 32, steers 4, oxen 6, total 220

Sheep: ewes 88, wethers 17, lambs 74, rams 4, total 183

Goats: ewes 85, wethers 31, kids 53, rams 5, total 174

Hogs: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 9, pigs 12, boars 1, total 28

Poultry: turkeys 55, fowls 190, ducks 8, geese 16, total 269

Horses: horses 8, mares 2, total 10

Killed, neat cattle: cows 1, steers 1, total 2

Killed, sheep: wethers 2, lambs 2, total 2

Killed, goats: kids 4, total 4

Killed, hogs: shoats 2, pigs 1, total 3

Died, poultry: fowls 17, total 17

Stole, poultry: fowls 10, geese 2, total 8

Remaining the 31st, neat cattle: bulls 4, cows 82, calves 75, yearlings 16, heifers 31, steers 4, oxen 6, total 218

Remaining the 31st, sheep: ewes 86, wethers 15, lambs 74, rams 4, total 179

Remaining the 31st, goats: ewes 85, wethers 31, kids 51, rams 5, total 172

Remaining the 31st, hogs: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 7, pigs 11, boars 1, total 25

Remaining the 31st, poultry: turkeys 55, fowls 155, ducks 8, geese 16, total 234

Remaining the 31st, horses: horses 8, mares 2, total 10

The month's issues of meat and stock ran as follows.

Beef to the Porto Bello, 336 lb

Yams expended of the Honourable Company, 30,000 lb

The account subscribed by David Hunter.

Interpretations

This is the stock account for July 1749, the herds and flocks mustered by class and age with the month's increase, killings, deaths and theft set against the opening and closing totals. The neat cattle held near steady, closing at 218 after only two beasts killed, the road emptying of the great fleet that had drawn the herd so hard through the previous months, so that the cattle were left to recover in the quiet that followed the shipping season.

The single beef sale of the month, 336 lb to the Porto Bello, marks the change from the crowded road of April, May and June, when six and seven ships had drawn their beef together, to the quiet of the deep southern winter when the fleet had sailed and the anchorage stood near empty. The herd, spared the heavy victualling, closed higher than it had opened, the breeders left to their calving and the young stock coming on as the pressure of the season lifted.

The theft of ten fowls and two geese is the one disorder of the month, the poultry preyed on as the ranges and yards always were, entered plainly among the losses beside the ordinary deaths. The yams stand at 30,000 lb expended of the Company's own with none bought of the planters, the Company's own ground yielding freely through the winter so that it fed its slaves and stock from its own plantations without leaning on the settlers, a steady contrast to the drought years when the buying-in had run through the record. David Hunter subscribed the account as husband, the herds carried through the quiet winter month in good order after the strain of the crowded season.

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1749

Gunners Stores Expended in July 1749

Guns fired, 4 Pounders, 2 Pounders, 1 Pounders, Powder Expended

4 Alarm for a Ship that went by: 6 Guns fired, 4 4 Pounders, 0 2 Pounders, 2 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

8 Departed the Marlborough Captain Parks: 9 Guns fired, 0 4 Pounders, 9 2 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 9 Powder Expended

18 Alarm for a Ship that went by: 6 Guns fired, 4 4 Pounders, 0 2 Pounders, 2 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

22 Alarm: 6 Guns fired, 4 4 Pounders, 0 2 Pounders, 2 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

23 Arrived the Porto Bello Capt Fisher: 9 Guns fired, 0 4 Pounders, 9 2 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 9 Powder Expended

30 Alarm: 6 Guns fired, 4 4 Pounders, 0 2 Pounders, 2 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Bombay Castle Capt Brown: 9 Guns fired, 0 4 Pounders, 9 2 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 9 Powder Expended

31 Alarm: 6 Guns fired, 4 4 Pounders, 0 2 Pounders, 2 1 Pounders, 13 Powder Expended

Powder for Priming at the Main Fort: 0 Guns fired, 0 4 Pounders, 0 2 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 6 Powder Expended

Powder for Signals: 0 Guns fired, 0 4 Pounders, 0 2 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 1 Powder Expended

Powder for the Funeral of Sergeant Leighton: 0 Guns fired, 0 4 Pounders, 0 2 Pounders, 0 1 Pounders, 2½ Powder Expended

Total: 57 Guns fired, 20 4 Pounders, 27 2 Pounders, 10 1 Pounders, 101½ Powder Expended

Spunge Staves to Prosperous Bay

1

Handspikes delivered to the Stone Layers

2

Wooden Trucks Shod with Iron to the long Wood

4

Wooden Trucks not shod for the use of the long Wood

2

Old Wooden Trucks to Mr Oatman for the Wheel Barrows

5

Spunge Staves to the Bakes

3

Spunge Staves delivered to Mr Oatman old

2

Match Burnt at Ruperts

7

Match Burnt at the Main Fort

7

[Signed] John French

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month of July

1749 Vizt

25 Bottles Port Wine

1 9 2

32 Do Lisbon

1 17 4

14 Do Madeira

1 10 ½

18 Do Goa Arrack

6 4½

20 ½ Do Batavia

13 8

23 Do Brandy

15 9½

Carried over 6 12 4½

Gunner's stores expended in July 1749, entered by the day of the month, with the guns fired graded by bore and the powder expended against each occasion.

4th, alarm for a ship that went by: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

8th, departed the Marlborough, Captain Parks: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

18th, alarm for a ship that went by: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

22nd, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

23rd, arrived the Porto Bello, Captain Fisher: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

30th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

30th, arrived the Bombay Castle, Captain Brown: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

31st, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

powder for priming at the main Fort, powder 6 lb

powder for signals, powder 1 lb

powder for the funeral of Sergeant Leighton, powder 2½ lb

total: 57 guns to 9, 20 guns to 4, 27 guns to 2, 10 guns, powder 101½ lb

The other stores expended in the month.

1 sponge staff, to Prosperous Bay

2 handspikes delivered to the stone layers

4 wooden trucks shod with iron, to the Great Wood

2 wooden trucks not shod, for the use of the Great Wood

5 old wooden trucks, to Mr Oakman for the wheelbarrows

3 sponge staves, to the baker

2 old sponge staves delivered to Mr Oakman

7 match burnt at Rupert's

7 match burnt at the main Fort

The account subscribed by John French.

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of July 1749.

25 bottles of port wine, £1 9s 2d

32 bottles of Lisbon, £1 17s 4d

14 bottles of Madeira, £1 10s 0½d

18 bottles of Goa arrack, £0 6s 4½d

20½ bottles of Batavia, £0 13s 8d

23 bottles of brandy, £0 15s 9½d

Carried over, £6 12s 4½d

Interpretations

The gunner's account for July 1749 falls sharply from the busy season, 101½ lb of powder expended against June's 269¼, the road emptied of the great fleet and only a handful of ships passing or calling. The Marlborough sailed, the Porto Bello and the Bombay Castle came in, and the rest of the month's firing was the alarm guns thrown at ships passing by, each met before it could be named, the settled ceremony of the road at a quieter pace in the deep southern winter after the crowded autumn.

The stores below the powder are the wear and repair of the guns and their gear, and among them a run of wooden trucks passed to the Great Wood and to Oakman for the wheelbarrows shows the ordnance stores serving the plantation as well as the batteries. The trucks are the small wooden wheels of the gun carriages, the worn ones handed on to be remade into barrow wheels for the timber ground, the Company working its old gun gear into the plantation's use rather than casting it away. The sponge staves to the baker and to Prosperous Bay and the match burnt at the two forts are the ordinary upkeep of the guns, John French subscribing the account as gunner, among the last of his returns before his death.

The castle sundries for July 1749 open the board's table stores at £6 12s 4½d carried forward, the port, Lisbon and Madeira of the officers' drink and three kinds of spirit in bottled parcels, the Goa and Batavia arrack and the brandy. The powder charged to the funeral of Sergeant Leighton at the head of the account is the guns fired over his grave, the settled mark of respect to a non-commissioned officer of the garrison, entered plainly among the month's firing as the ordinary honour paid the island's dead.

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August

Brought over 6 12 1¾

270 Beef

3 9 9

286 Flour

1 18 3½

141 Mutton

2 18 9

17 Pork

1 18 9

2 Kids

10

6 Pr Salt Pork

12

1 Pigg

5

17 Fowls

1 5 6

70 Candy

1 5

67 ½ Butter

3 7 9

23 18 9½

Bought of Capt Thomas Browne, for the Use of

the Honble Companys Slaves 2500 of Rice at 8/6 pClimara

Capt Thomas Browne Applyed to Us for £110

for the Use of the Ship Bombay Castle, which Sum We have

advanced him out of the Honble Companys Cash here, & taken

Bills of Exchange drawn on Stephen Law Esqr, payable to the

Honble Court of Directors or Order, dated this day

Chas Hutchinson

David Hunter

John Clark

Sundries brought over from the previous page, £6 12s 4½d.

270 lb of beef, £3 9s 9d

286 lb of flour, £1 18s 3½d

141 lb of mutton, £2 18s 9d

77 lb of pork, £1 18s 0d

2 kids, £0 10s 0d

6 quarters of salt pork, £0 12s 0d

1 pig, £0 5s 0d

17 fowls, £1 5s 0d

70 lb of candy, £1 0s 5d

67¾ lb of butter, £3 7s 9d

total, £23 18s 9½d

The board bought of Captain Thomas Browne, for the use of the Honourable Company's slaves, 250 bags of rice at eight shillings the hundredweight.

Captain Thomas Browne applied to the board for £110 for the use of the ship Bombay Castle, which sum the board advanced him out of the Honourable Company's cash and took bills of exchange drawn on Stephen Law, esquire, payable to the Honourable Court of Directors or order, dated this day.

The consultation subscribed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark.

Interpretations

The castle sundries for July 1749 close at £23 18s 9½d, the board's own table stores of meat, flour, candy and butter for the month. The beef at £3 9s 9d for 270 lb and the mutton at £2 18s 9d for 141 lb are the heavier lines, the board taking freely of the herd and flock as the quiet of the winter left the cattle unpressed by the shipping, and the candy and butter the settled sweetening and dairy of the table.

The purchase of 250 bags of rice from Captain Thomas Browne for the use of the Company's slaves is the substantial business of the day, the board buying in the staple of the slaves' ration from a ship in the road at eight shillings the hundredweight. The Company's own ground furnished the yams that were the chief food of its slaves and stock, but the rice was an imported staple it drew from the passing Indiamen, taking a large parcel here from the Bombay Castle to lay in against the year, the ship's cargo turned to the island's supply.

The advance of £110 to Captain Browne against bills on Stephen Law runs the exchange the island worked constantly, the board paying a ship's captain money out of the Company's cash on the spot and taking in return a bill drawn in London, here on Stephen Law, esquire, a name of the Company's establishment in the East. The captain took the coin he needed for his ship's use at the island while his money travelled home as paper, the same paper mechanism by which the treasury both gathered and disbursed its funds, the consultation subscribed by the three members of the reduced board, Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark.

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At a Consultation held on Monday the 21 day of August 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Captain David Hunter Lt Governour Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Monday the 14th Departed the Porto Bello Capt Benjamin Fisher for England
Tuesday the 15th Died William Pavet a Boy
Saturday the 19th Departed the Bombay Castle Capt Thomas Browne for England

George Exton Soldier has been Missing ever since the Porto Bello sailed and not being since heard of is supposed to be Deserted in her or Bombay Castle, which have sailed since.

Counted and Examined the Honble Companys Cash for the Month of July last, which is as follows Vizt

At a Consultation held on Monday the 21 day of August 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Captain David Hunter Lt Governour Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Monday the 14th Departed the Porto Bello Capt Benjamin Fisher for England
Tuesday the 15th Died William Pavet a Boy
Saturday the 19th Departed the Bombay Castle Capt Thomas Browne for England

George Exton Soldier has been Missing ever since the Porto Bello sailed and not being since heard of is supposed to be Deserted in her or Bombay Castle, which have sailed since.

Counted and Examined the Honble Companys Cash for the Month of July last, which is as follows Vizt

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212

Cash Dr. Per Contra Cr.

1749 July 1 To Balance remaining £3540 15s 3¾d
July 7 To Chief Maltooway & the Balance of her account 3s 7½d
£3544 3s 4¼d

1749 July 31 By Balance remain in the following species Vizt

Gold Wt 13lb 3oz 8dwt at £3 18s 3d £46 1s 8¾d
1 Do. 3 9 12 £13 11s 7¾d
70 Venetian £35
12 Rupees £1 8s
156 Pagodas £62 4s

Gold Amounting to £736 12s 9d

6029 Dollars £1509 5s
3660 Double Rix £222 6s
1148 Rix £45 5s
1294 Half Rix £202 5s 11¾d
26 Arcpees £3 9s
141 French pieces £29 7s 8¾d

Odd Money £2 10s 2¾d

Silver Amounting to £2018 9s 3¾d

146 Cash Notes £292
162 Do £162 5s
261 Do £6
100 Do £20

Cash Notes Amounting to £530 5s

Total £3544 3s 4¼d

Cha’s Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The Company’s cash account for July 1749 was presented in debit and credit.

Cash Dr. Per Contra Cr.

On 1 July there remained a balance of £3540 15s 3¾d. On 7 July a payment of 3s 7½d was received from Chief Maltooway as the balance of her account. This brought the total to £3544 3s 4¼d.

By 31 July the balance remaining in the treasury was held in the following forms.

Gold weighed 13 pounds, 3 ounces, and 8 pennyweights, valued at £3 18s 3d per ounce, giving £46 1s 8¾d. A further parcel of 1 pound, 3 ounces, and 9 pennyweights yielded £13 11s 7¾d. There were 70 Venetian coins valued at £35, 12 rupees amounting to £1 8s, and 156 pagodas totalling £62 4s. The total value of gold came to £736 12s 9d.

Silver consisted of 6029 dollars worth £1509 5s, 3660 double rix dollars valued at £222 6s, 1148 rix dollars amounting to £45 5s, 1294 half rix dollars at £202 5s 11¾d, 26 arcpees worth £3 9s, 141 French pieces valued at £29 7s 8¾d, and odd money amounting to £2 10s 2¾d. Together, the silver totalled £2018 9s 3¾d.

Cash notes comprised 146 notes worth £292, 162 notes worth £162 5s, 261 notes worth £6, and 100 notes worth £20. The total of all cash notes was £530 5s.

The combined total of all funds was therefore £3544 3s 4¼d.

The account was examined and signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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213

At a Consultation held on Monday the 28 day of August 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Captain David Hunter Lt Governour Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Ordered an Advertisement to be published requiring all the Inhabitants of this Island to send an Account of their Family, Land &c into the Secretarys Office on or before the 30 day of next September, and to attend at the Castle on Monday the 2 day of October next to pay their Rents & Revenues due to the Honble Company for the year past, and that the Stores will be shut up on Monday the 11 day of next month for three weeks in order to take an Inventory of the same.

Cha’s Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 4 day of September 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Capt David Hunter Lt Govr Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Sunday the 3 Died Eleanor Wife of Onesiphorus Gurling

At a consultation held at the Castle on Monday the 28th of August 1749, those present were Charles Hutchinson, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was agreed that an advertisement should be issued requiring all inhabitants of the island to provide an account of their families, lands, and related details to the Secretary’s Office on or before the 30th of September. They were also directed to attend at the Castle on Monday the 2nd of October to pay the rents and revenues due to the Honourable Company for the past year. It was further announced that the Company’s stores would be closed from Monday the 11th of the following month for three weeks, in order that a full inventory could be taken. The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

At a further consultation held at the Castle on Monday the 4th of September 1749, the same members were present: Charles Hutchinson, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the preceding consultation were read, approved, and signed. It was recorded that on Sunday the 3rd, Eleanor, wife of Onesiphorus Gurling, had died.

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214

Executed the following Lease Granted to Mr John Goodwin in Consultation of the 10 of July last

Island St Helena

The Lords Proprietors of this Island the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies Do hereby Demise Grant Lease & to Farm let unto John Goodwin of the said Island Gentleman All that piece or parcel of Land containing by measureation of fifteen Acres & an half Situate lying & being in the West Division of the said Island Butting & Bounding South partly upon the Honble Companys Pasture Land & partly upon the Land of him the said John Goodwin, North upon the Honble Companys Waste Land, West upon the Land of him the said John Goodwin, & East upon the Land of John Alexander

To have and to hold the said hereby Demised parcel of Land with the appurtenances & every part & parcel thereof unto him the said John Goodwin his Heirs Exors Admors and Assigns from the day of the date hereof for & during all the space & Term of Twenty one years from thence next ensuing

Upon Condition that he the said John Goodwin his Heirs or allowed Assigns do always bear true faith & Allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second his Heirs and Successors & true faith to them the said Honble Company & their Successors & shall duly obey all the Laws and Constitutions of the said Island Yieldeing & paying therefor Yearly & every Year during the said Term & time of Twenty one years unto the said Honble Company their Successors Agents or Assigns the Yearly Rent of one Shilling & Acre in at or upon the Feast of St Michael the Arch Angel Yearly And upon Condition that he the said John Goodwin

A lease was executed in favour of Mr John Goodwin, as granted by the Council in the consultation of the 10th of July 1749.

The document, issued in the name of the Lords Proprietors of the Island of St Helena - the Honourable the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies - recorded that they leased to John Goodwin of St Helena, gentleman, a parcel of land measuring fifteen and a half acres. The property lay in the West Division of the island, bounded to the south partly by the Honourable Company’s pasture land and partly by land already belonging to John Goodwin, to the north by the Company’s waste land, to the west by John Goodwin’s own land, and to the east by land belonging to John Alexander.

The lease granted John Goodwin, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns full possession of the land with all its appurtenances for a term of twenty-one years, commencing from the date of the lease.

It was stipulated that John Goodwin, his heirs, or approved assigns must at all times maintain true faith and allegiance to His Majesty King George II, his heirs and successors, and loyalty to the Honourable Company and its successors. They were also required to observe all laws and constitutions in force upon the island. The annual rent was fixed at one shilling per acre, to be paid each year during the term of twenty-one years, at or upon the Feast of St Michael the Archangel.

The lease further provided that John Goodwin

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215

his Heirs Executors Administrators or Assigns shall & do set about and fence in the said parcel of Land with a good and sufficient fence, and when so fenced and enclosed do and shall keep & maintain the same in good Condition & repair. & do not suffer the same or any part thereof to run to ruin or decay & shall also plant keep up & maintain the full Quantity & proportion of Wood & also plant Fune round the said Fences at such proper Seasons of the year as it is most likely to grow. & do not nor shall alter the fences they being the Bounds or Landmarks of the said parcel of Land & do not nor shall sell or Dispose of this Lease or his or their Interest therein without the Leave & Consent of the Governour & Council for the time being. In Witness whereof we the said Governour & Council have hereunto set our hand & affixed the Honourable Companys Seal this fourth day of September in the Twenty third year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the second by the grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland King Defender of the faith &c forth and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven Hundred and forty Nine. And he the said John Goodwin hath to the other part set his hand and Seal the day and year abovewritten.

(signed) Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

Cha’s Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The lease continued by stipulating that John Goodwin, together with his heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns, was to begin at once to enclose the parcel of land with a good and sufficient fence. Once enclosed, he was to maintain it in proper condition and repair, ensuring that no part of it fell into neglect or decay.

He was also required to plant, maintain, and preserve the full quantity and proportion of wood, and to grow fune [a local hedge plant] around the fences at the proper seasons of the year, when it was most likely to thrive. The boundaries of the land were to remain fixed and unaltered, as the fences themselves served as the recognised landmarks of the property.

Furthermore, John Goodwin was forbidden to sell or otherwise dispose of the lease or any part of his interest in it without first obtaining the consent of the Governor and Council for the time being.

The document concluded with the formal declaration that the Governor and Council had signed and sealed it with the Honourable Company’s seal on the fourth day of September, in the twenty-third year of the reign of King George II, by the grace of God King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and in the year of our Lord 1749. John Goodwin had also signed and sealed the counterpart of the same lease on the same date.

It was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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216

September

At a Consultation held on Monday the 11 day of September

1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Govr

Capt David Hunter Lt Govr

Lieut John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and Signed

Friday the 8 Died Samuel Doveton Planter

Do Do Died John Browne Soldier

The Plantation Gunners & Stewards Accounts for the

Month of August last were this day brought in, which were

Examined & approved and are as follows Vizt

Gunners Stores Expended in August 1749

Guns fired, 4, 2, 1, Powder Expended

1 Arrived the Godolphin Capt Stevens: 9 Guns fired, 0 4, 9 2, 0 1, 9 Powder Expended

7 Alarm: 6 Guns fired, 4 4, 0 2, 2 1, 13 Powder Expended

8 Arrived a Dane Ship: 9 Guns fired, 0 4, 9 2, 0 1, 9 Powder Expended

19 Departed the Bombay Castle Capt Browne: 9 Guns fired, 0 4, 9 2, 0 1, 9 Powder Expended

26 Powder to the Stone Blasters: 0 Guns fired, 0 4, 0 2, 0 1, 1 Powder Expended

Powder for Priming at the Main Fort: 0 Guns fired, 0 4, 0 2, 0 1, 6 Powder Expended

Powder for Signals: 0 Guns fired, 0 4, 0 2, 0 1, ½ Powder Expended

Total: 33 Guns fired, 4 4, 27 2, 2 1, 53½ Powder Expended

Paper for making Great Gun Cartridges

1 Quire

Paper for the Governour

2 Quire

Paper for making Small Cartridges

2 Quire

Tallow to the Great Wood

2

Match Burnt at the Main Fort

7

Needles broke with making of Cartridges

36

[Signed] John French

Account

At a consultation held on Monday 11 September 1749 at the castle. Present: Charles Hutchinson, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

On Friday 8 September Samuel Doveton, planter, died. The same day John Browne, soldier, died.

The plantation, gunner's and steward's accounts for the month of August last were this day brought in, which were examined and approved, and are as follows.

Gunner's stores expended in August 1749, entered by the day of the month, with the guns fired graded by bore and the powder expended against each occasion.

1st, arrived the Godolphin, Captain Stevens: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

7th, alarm: 6 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, powder 2 lb, 13 lb

8th, arrived a Dane ship: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

19th, departed the Bombay Castle, Captain Browne: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

26th, powder to the stone blaster, powder 9 lb

powder for priming at the main Fort, powder 6 lb

powder for signals, powder ½ lb

total: 33 guns to 9, 4 guns to 4, 27 guns to 2, 2 guns, powder 55½ lb

The other stores expended in the month.

1 quire of paper, for making great gun cartridges

1 quire of paper, for the Governor

1 quire of paper, for making small cartridges

20 lb of tallow, to the Great Wood

5 match burnt at the main Fort

36 needles broke, with making of cartridges

The account subscribed by John French.

Interpretations

The consultation of 11 September 1749 opens with two deaths, Samuel Doveton the planter and John Browne the soldier, both on 8 September. Doveton was one of the substantial planters of the island, a valuer and juror who appears through the record in the leases, surveys and estate business of the settlement, his death the passing of a leading man of the older planting families, entered here plainly among the ordinary business of the board.

The gunner's account for August 1749 holds the deep quiet of the southern winter, only 55½ lb of powder expended, the lowest month in this stretch, the road near empty with the great season long over. The Godolphin and a Danish ship came in and the Bombay Castle sailed, a handful of arrivals and departures answered with the settled salutes, and the rest of the powder went to the stone blaster and to priming at the main fort, the batteries near idle in the empty anchorage.

The stores below the powder are the ordinary upkeep of the guns and their cartridge work, the several quires of paper for the great gun and small cartridges, the tallow to the Great Wood for greasing, the match burnt at the main fort and the needles broken in making up the cartridges. The tallow drawn for the Great Wood shows the ordnance stores again serving the plantation, the same working of the gun gear into the timber ground that ran through the summer accounts. John French subscribed the account as gunner, his hand still closing the powder returns as the quiet winter ran its course, the island's batteries kept in bare readiness through the empty season.

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217

Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of August 1749

Neat Cattle Sheep Goats Hogs Poultry Horses

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Barrows, Sheats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining the 1: 4 Bulls, 82 Cows, 75 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 31 Heifers, 4 Steers, 6 Oxen, 218 Total, 86 Ewes, 15 Wethers, 74 Lambs, 4 Rams, 179 Total, 85 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 51 Kids, 5 Rams, 172 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 7 Sheats, 11 Piggs, 1 Boars, 25 Total, 55 Turkeys, 155 Fowls, 8 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 2 Mares, 10 Total

Encreased: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 6 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 6 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 17 Lambs, 0 Rams, 17 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 18 Kids, 0 Rams, 18 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 0 Turkeys, 30 Fowls, 7 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

4 Bulls, 82 Cows, 81 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 31 Heifers, 4 Steers, 6 Oxen, 224 Total, 86 Ewes, 15 Wethers, 91 Lambs, 4 Rams, 196 Total, 85 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 69 Kids, 5 Rams, 190 Total, 5 Sows, 1 Barrows, 7 Sheats, 11 Piggs, 1 Boars, 25 Total, 55 Turkeys, 185 Fowls, 15 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 2 Mares, 10 Total

Killed: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 5 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 5 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 1 Sheats, 1 Piggs, 2 Boars, 4 Total, 2 Turkeys, 16 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Died: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 1 Lambs, 0 Rams, 1 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 1 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 1 Total, 0 Turkeys, 1 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Stole: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 2 Turkeys, 6 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Killed by Dogs: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 1 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 1 Lambs, 0 Rams, 2 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Barrows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 0 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Remaining 31: 4 Bulls, 82 Cows, 81 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 31 Heifers, 4 Steers, 6 Oxen, 224 Total, 80 Ewes, 15 Wethers, 89 Lambs, 4 Rams, 188 Total, 85 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 69 Kids, 5 Rams, 190 Total, 5 Sows, 0 Barrows, 5 Sheats, 9 Piggs, 1 Boars, 20 Total, 51 Turkeys, 163 Fowls, 15 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 2 Mares, 10 Total

Received from the Porto Bello 2 Slaves Named Mootoo & Yeaga

Yams Expended

23.000

[Signed] David Hunter

Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of August 1749.

Neat cattle, remaining the 1st: bulls 4, cows 82, calves 75, yearlings 16, heifers 31, steers 4, oxen 6, total 218

Sheep, remaining the 1st: ewes 86, wethers 15, lambs 74, rams 4, total 179

Goats, remaining the 1st: ewes 85, wethers 31, kids 51, rams 5, total 172

Hogs, remaining the 1st: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 7, pigs 11, boars 1, total 25

Poultry, remaining the 1st: turkeys 55, fowls 155, ducks 8, geese 16, total 234

Horses, remaining the 1st: horses 8, mares 2, total 10

Increased, neat cattle: calves 6, total 6

Increased, sheep: lambs 17, total 17

Increased, goats: kids 18, total 18

Increased, poultry: fowls 30, ducks 7, total 37

Neat cattle: bulls 4, cows 82, calves 81, yearlings 16, heifers 31, steers 4, oxen 6, total 224

Sheep: ewes 86, wethers 15, lambs 91, rams 4, total 196

Goats: ewes 85, wethers 31, kids 69, rams 5, total 190

Hogs: sows 5, barrows 1, shoats 7, pigs 11, boars 1, total 25

Poultry: turkeys 55, fowls 185, ducks 15, geese 16, total 271

Horses: horses 8, mares 2, total 10

Killed, sheep: wethers 5, total 5

Killed, hogs: shoats 1, pigs 2, total 2

Killed, poultry: fowls 4, ducks 2, geese 16, total 16

Died, goats: kids 1, total 1

Died, hogs: pigs 1, total 1

Stole, poultry: fowls 2, ducks 6, total 6

Killed by dogs, goats: wethers 1, kids 1, total 2

Remaining the 31st, neat cattle: bulls 4, cows 82, calves 81, yearlings 16, heifers 31, steers 4, oxen 6, total 224

Remaining the 31st, sheep: ewes 80, wethers 15, lambs 89, rams 4, total 188

Remaining the 31st, goats: ewes 85, wethers 31, kids 69, rams 5, total 190

Remaining the 31st, hogs: sows 5, shoats 9, pigs 11, boars 1, total 20

Remaining the 31st, poultry: turkeys 51, fowls 163, ducks 15, geese 16, total 245

Remaining the 31st, horses: horses 8, mares 2, total 10

The month's other entries ran as follows.

Received from the Porto Bello, 2 slaves named Mootoo and Yeaga

Yams expended of the Honourable Company, 23,000 lb

The account subscribed by David Hunter.

Interpretations

This is the stock account for August 1749, the herds and flocks mustered by class and age with the month's increase, killings, deaths, theft and losses to dogs set against the opening and closing totals. The neat cattle rose from 218 to 224 with no beast killed at all, the road empty through the deep southern winter so that the herd was left wholly to its calving, six calves added and none drawn off, the cattle recovering in the quiet as they had not through the crowded season.

The strong lambing and kidding of the winter show plainly, seventeen lambs and eighteen kids added, the sheep rising to a peak of 196 and the goats to 190 before the killings drew them back, the flocks renewing themselves freely in the season. The poultry climbed on the fowls and ducks hatched, though it lost heavily to killing and theft, and the hogs held near steady, the whole a picture of the stock left to breed and recover through the empty winter with the shipping gone.

The two slaves Mootoo and Yeaga received from the Porto Bello are entered plainly among the month's changes to the stock, the ship delivering two people into the Company's holding as it might deliver breeding animals, the account carrying the slaves on its books beside the cattle in the same cold hand. The names mark them as of the eastern trade, brought from the coast by the passing Indiaman and taken into the Company's slaves at the island. The yams stand at 23,000 lb expended of the Company's own with none bought of the planters, the Company's ground yielding freely through the winter, David Hunter subscribing the account as husband.

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218

September

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month of

August 1749 Vizt

29 Bottles Port Wine

1 13 10

30 Do Lisbon

1 15

14 Do Madeira

1 10 ½

21 Do Goa Arrack

7 5½

17 Do Batavia

11 4

20 ½ Do Brandy

14 1

278 Flour

1 17 7¾

182 Mutton

3 15 10

102 Fresh Pork

2 11

2 Kids

10

16 Fowls

10

2 Turkeys

1 8

2 Piggs

10

26 Bottles Strong Beer

6 6

65 Candy

18 11½

5 Pr Salt Pork

10

2 Pr Do Beef

5 6

59 ½ Butter

2 19 6

22 10 8

Lawrence Peterson Soldier Petitioned for his

Discharge with leave to Depart from the Island in the Dane

Ship called the Copenhagen which we Granted, on his repayeng

three Guineas, part of the Bounty Money he received from the

late Govr Dunbar

Captain Ulrich Wortman Commander of the

said Dane Ship applyed to Us for £230 which Sum

we advanced him out of the Honble Companys Cash

and

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of August 1749.

29 bottles of port wine, £1 13s 10d

30 bottles of Lisbon, £1 15s 0d

14 bottles of Madeira, £1 10s 0½d

21 bottles of Goa arrack, £0 7s 5½d

17 bottles of Batavia, £0 11s 4d

20½ bottles of brandy, £0 14s 1d

278 lb of flour, £1 17s 7¾d

182 lb of mutton, £3 15s 10d

102 lb of fresh pork, £2 11s 0d

2 kids, £0 10s 0d

16 fowls, £1 4s 0d

2 turkeys, £0 10s 0d

2 pigs, £0 10s 0d

26 bottles of strong beer, £0 6s 6d

65 lb of candy, £0 18s 11½d

5 quarters of salt pork, £0 10s 0d

2 quarters of salt beef, £0 5s 6d

59½ lb of butter, £2 19s 6d

total, £22 10s 8d

Lawrence Peterson, a soldier, petitioned for his discharge with leave to depart from the island in the Danish ship called the Copenhagen, which the board granted on his repaying three guineas, part of the bounty money he had received from the late Governor Dunbar.

Captain Ulrich Wortman, commander of the Danish ship, applied to the board for £230, which sum the board advanced him out of the Honourable Company's cash.

Interpretations

The castle sundries for August 1749 run at £22 10s 8d, the board's own table stores of wine, spirits, beer, meat and provisions for the month. The three kinds of spirit again stand together in bottled parcels, the Goa and Batavia arrack and the brandy, and the mutton at £3 15s 10d for 182 lb and the fresh pork at £2 11s 0d carry the meat, the board taking freely of the flock and sty through the quiet winter when the herd and flocks were unpressed by the shipping and the stock recovered on its strong lambing.

Lawrence Peterson's petition is a telling piece of the island's discipline over its garrison. A soldier seeking his discharge and a passage off the island in a foreign ship was granted it only on repaying three guineas of the enlistment bounty he had taken years before from Governor Dunbar, the board holding him to the bargain the bounty had sealed. The bounty was money paid to bind a man to his term of service, and the requirement to refund part of it before he could go marks the enlistment as a debt of service the man discharged by paying back what he could not serve out, the board recovering the Company's money as the price of releasing him to the Danish ship.

Captain Wortman's application for £230 runs the exchange the island worked with every ship in its road, the board advancing a foreign commander money out of the Company's cash against a bill drawn home, the treasury serving as a bank to the shipping. The Danish Copenhagen drew both a discharged soldier and a cash advance from the island, the foreign ship as much a customer of the treasury's exchange as the Company's own, the whole the ordinary traffic of a remote port that dealt in coin, bills and men with every hull that anchored under its guns.

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219

…and taken Bills of Exchange drawn on John Collet, Merchant in London, dated this day, payable to the Honourable Company for Order, for £299.

Cha’s Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 18 day of September 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour Capt David Hunter Lt Governour Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Thursday the 14 Died Mary, wife of Joseph Whaley, Senr
Saturday the 16 Sailed the Dane Ship called the Copenhagen

Counted and examined the Honourable Company’s Cash for the month of August last, which is as follows, vizt

Bills of exchange were taken accordingly, drawn upon John Collet, merchant in London, dated that day, and made payable to the Honourable Company or their order for the sum of £299. The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

At a consultation held at the Castle on Monday the 18th of September 1749, those present were Charles Hutchinson, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Thursday the 14th, Mary, wife of Joseph Whaley senior, had died, and that on Saturday the 16th, the Danish ship Copenhagen had sailed.

The Honourable Company’s cash for the month of August was then counted and examined, the details being as follows.

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220

Cash Dr Per Contra Cr
1749 1749
Augʳ 1ʳˢ To Balance remaining £3554 0s ¾d Augʳ 4ᵗʰ By Exchange for one Set of Bills drawn on Stephen Law Esqʳ payable to the Honᵇˡᵉ the Court of Directors 20 days after Sight dated this Day £140 – –
7 To Ship Godolphin the By Balance remaining in the following Species Vizʳ
1ʳˢ Gold Wᵗ 3ʰ 9 12 @ 3 18 3 £46 1s 8½d
Do 3 18 –
70 Venetians @ 10/ £13 11s 2d
12 Rupees @ 30/ 18s –
1734 Pagodas @ 8/ £693 12s 0d
13 To Ship Porto Bello the £50 18s 9½d Gold Amounting to £806 4s 9d
18 To Ship Bombay Castle the £53 12s 1d 5063 Dollars @ 5/ £421 5s 0d
3560 Double Rix @ 1/3 £222 10s 0d
4148 Rials @ 1½d £45 5s 11¾d
12947 Half Rials @ ¾d £202 5s 11¾d
2642 Rupees @ 2/3 £297 3s 6d
141 French Pᵞ @ 2/3 £9 7s 0d
Odd Money £3 10½d
Silver Amounting to £1192 10s 3¾d
146 Cash Notes @ 40/ £292 0s 0d
162 Do @ 20/ £162 0s 0d
261 Do @ 5/ £65 5s 0d
100 Do @ 4/ £20 0s 0d

Cash Notes Amounting to £539 5s 0d £3538 0s ¾d £3678 0s ¾d

Chaˢ Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The Company’s cash account for August 1749 was presented as follows.

Cash Dr. Per Contra Cr.

On 1 August the balance remaining in the treasury was £3554 0s ¾d.

On 4 August an exchange was issued for one set of bills drawn upon Stephen Law, Esquire, payable to the Honourable Court of Directors twenty days after sight, dated that same day, for £140.

By the 7th of August, the balance remained in the following forms of currency.

Gold:
Weight 3 pounds, 9 ounces, 12 pennyweights at £3 18s 3d per ounce, valued at £46 1s 8½d.
A further parcel at £3 18s produced £13 11s 2d.
Seventy Venetian coins at 10 shillings each totalled £35.
Twelve rupees at 30 shillings equalled £18.
One thousand seven hundred and thirty-four pagodas at 8 shillings amounted to £693 12s 0d.
The total of all gold came to £806 4s 9d.

Silver:
5063 dollars at 5 shillings were valued at £421 5s 0d.
3560 double rix at 1 shilling and 3 pence were worth £222 10s 0d.
4148 rials at 1½ pence totalled £45 5s 11¾d.
12947 half rials at ¾ pence were valued at £202 5s 11¾d.
2642 rupees at 2 shillings and 3 pence equalled £297 3s 6d.
141 French pieces at 2 shillings and 3 pence amounted to £9 7s 0d.
Odd money came to £3 10½d.
The total of silver was £1192 10s 3¾d.

Cash notes included 146 notes at 40 shillings each, amounting to £292; 162 notes at 20 shillings, £162; 261 notes at 5 shillings, £65 5s; and 100 notes at 4 shillings, £20. The total of cash notes was £539 5s 0d.

This produced a total credit of £3678 0s ¾d, balancing against the debit of £3538 0s ¾d.

The account was examined and signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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221

The Widow and Executors of the late Samuel Dowton this day presented his last Will and Testament desiring the same might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto. The Will is as follows Vizt

In the Name of God Amen I Samuel Dowton of the Island St Helena Planter being Sick and Weak of Body but of Sound and perfect Mind & Memory do make Ordain & Appoint this my last Will and Testament in manner and Form as followeth Vizt. First and principally of all I give and Recommend my Soul to the Mercy of Almighty God who gave it Hoping I assuredly believing I shall receive a free and full pardon for all my Sins. My Body I commit to the Earth to be Buried in a Christian like & Decent manner as my Executors hereafter Named shall in their discretion think proper, My Worldly Goods wherewith it hath pleased God to Bless me with I give Devise and Dispose of the same as followeth

Imprimis
I give to my Welbeloved Wife and Children, namely Richard, Jonathan, John, Samuel my Sons and Rebekah my Daughter an Equal part and share of my Estate to be Delivered my said Children as they shall attain to the Age of Twenty One Years or Marriage, and in Case of the Death of one or more of my said Children before they arrive to Age or Marriage as aforesaid that their part or proportion shall be Equally divided among the Survivors. And whereas it is the Custom of this Island that the Widows shall Possess and Enjoy the one half of the Real Estate of their Deceased Husbands During their Natural Lives, which I think is very Injurous to the Number of Children to be brought up and provided for out of their Deceasd Fathers Estate. Therefore upon my Request to my said beloved Wife, she hath agreed and faithfully promised me to abide by and rest contented and Satisfied by this my Will, that is to say, she will take a Sixth part of my Estate Equally with my Children as shall be hereafter specified and allotted her and the same to be intirely at her Disposal. That if she shall not think proper to Withdraw her part from my Children that then I furthermore order & direct her like Advantage that if the Death of any of my before named Children should happen before Age or Marriage their part not taken out that she shall be an Equal Sharer with my surviving Children

Item

The widow and executors of the late Samuel Dowton presented his last will and testament, requesting that it be proved. This was accordingly done upon the oaths of the witnesses. The will was then recorded as follows.

In the name of God, Amen. Samuel Dowton of the Island of St Helena, planter, being sick and weak in body but of sound and perfect mind and memory, made, ordained, and declared his last will and testament in the following manner. First and foremost, he commended his soul to the mercy of Almighty God who had created it, expressing his hope and firm belief that he would receive full pardon and forgiveness for all his sins. His body he committed to the earth to be buried in a Christian and decent manner, as his executors should see fit. Concerning his worldly possessions, with which it had pleased God to bless him, he gave, devised, and disposed of them as follows.

He bequeathed to his well-beloved wife and children - namely his sons Richard, Jonathan, John, and Samuel, and his daughter Rebekah - equal parts and shares of his estate. These were to be delivered to his children as they reached the age of twenty-one years or upon marriage. In the event that one or more of his children should die before attaining full age or marrying, their share was to be equally divided among the surviving children.

He observed that by the custom of the island, widows were entitled to possess and enjoy one half of their deceased husband’s real estate during their lifetime. He considered this to be unfair when a large number of children had to be supported from their father’s estate. Therefore, he recorded that at his request, his beloved wife had agreed and faithfully promised to be content with the provision made for her in this will. She was to take one-sixth part of his estate, equal with his children, as later specified and allotted to her, and that portion was to be entirely at her own disposal.

He further directed that if she chose not to withdraw her portion from the remainder of the estate, she should have the same advantage as her children, meaning that if any of the children should die before attaining age or marrying, and their share remained undistributed, she would be entitled to share equally with the surviving children.

He then continued

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Before any Division is made in my Estate, I give and Bequeath the following Legacys to my Wife and Children and others, but the said Legacys to my Wife and Children are not to be Valued to them all which I Estimate to about Fifty Pounds to Each to be Delivered to my Wife when she shall think proper to Demand the same and to be Delivered my Children when come to Age or Marriage the particulars given and against each Person Name are as follow Vizt

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To my Wife I bequeath one Mohogony Bureau One looking Glass Walnut frame One Leather Bed and Furniture One Bothomiah One Oval Mohogony Table Six Cane Chairs Twenty four China Plates and three Ditto Dishes One Damasch Table Cloth and Twelve Napkins One Black Girl Named Sarah, with her Choice of a Cow out of my whole Stock And Cash to the Value of Ten Pounds to buy her a piece of plate

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To my Son Richard I give one China Bowle and Plate which was my Mothers One Mourning Ring (the Posey, In Memory of M I) and Cash Forty Eight Pounds to buy him a piece of Plate

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To my Son Jonathan I give one black Man Named Stephen, One black Boy namd Dawson One Enamiled Ring One Silver Soup Ladle, One Mourning Ring marked John Brasill, One Silver Teapott

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To my Son John I give one Enamiled Ring, one Silver Tankard markd M I and Cash Forty pounds to buy him a pieces of plate

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To my Son Samuel I give one Black Man Namd Frank, One Black Boy namd John One Enamiled Ring Six New Table Spoons One Snuff Box China Make One Silver Mug

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To my Daughter Rebekah I give one black Man Named great Jack, One black Woman Named Peg, One Black Girl Named Abigal, One Stitch Quilt that was my Mothers One Ruby Ring with four sparks

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To my God Daughtʳ Elizabeth the Daughtʳ of my Brother John Dowton I give the sum of five Pounds and one Cow to be Deliverd soon after my Decease my Executors taking his receipts for the same to his Daughter

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To my beloved Brother John Dowton I give a Suit of Mourning

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To my Father in Law Mr Richᵈ Beale I give a Suit of Mourning

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To each of my Executors hereafter Named I give forty Shillings to buy them a Ring

Samuel Dowton’s will continued with the distribution of specific legacies to his family and others before any general division of his estate.

He declared that before dividing his property, certain legacies were to be given to his wife, his children, and others, noting that the gifts to his wife and children were not to be included in their general portions of the estate. He estimated these legacies at about fifty pounds each. They were to be delivered to his wife whenever she chose to claim them and to his children upon reaching the age of twenty-one or on marriage. The individual bequests were as follows.

To his wife he left one mahogany bureau, one looking-glass with a walnut frame, one leather bed with its furniture, one bothomiah [a type of chest or box], one oval mahogany table, six cane chairs, twenty-four china plates and three dishes of the same, one damask tablecloth and twelve napkins, one black girl named Sarah, her choice of a cow from among the whole herd, and cash to the value of ten pounds to buy a piece of plate.

To his son Richard he bequeathed one china bowl and plate which had belonged to his mother, one mourning ring bearing the inscription “In memory of M I”, and forty-eight pounds in cash to purchase a piece of plate.

To his son Jonathan he gave one black man named Stephen, one black boy named Dawson, one enamelled ring, one silver soup ladle, one mourning ring marked “John Brasill”, and one silver teapot.

To his son John he left one enamelled ring, one silver tankard marked “M I”, and forty pounds in cash to buy a piece of plate.

To his son Samuel he gave one black man named Frank, one black boy named John, one enamelled ring, six new silver tablespoons, one china snuff box, and one silver mug.

To his daughter Rebekah he bequeathed one black man named Great Jack, one black woman named Peg, one black girl named Abigal, one stitched quilt that had belonged to his mother, and one ruby ring set with four small stones.

To his god-daughter Elizabeth, daughter of his brother John Dowton, he left the sum of five pounds and one cow, to be delivered soon after his death, with his executors to take a receipt from her father on her behalf.

To his beloved brother John Dowton he gave a suit of mourning.

To his father-in-law, Mr Richard Beale, he also gave a suit of mourning.

To each of his executors, whose names were to follow, he bequeathed forty shillings to purchase a mourning ring.

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to be paid at Several payments I desire my Executor will in some convenient time after my Decease set to publick Sale all the Land I Lately purchased of Francis Hayes with the Goats and Goat Range at Stone Top, and Also my dwelling House at the Fort in James Valley, with the Billiard Room, Yard &c. and such perishable Household Goods as can be best spared Likewise as much of my Stock of Cattle and such Blacks as my said Executors shall think proper to dispose of

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My two Sons Richard and John who are now at Sea and my intention are to continue them in that way, I desire that their parts or shares in my Estates may be paid them in Cash and I particularly recommend it to my Executors that they would remit to my Attorney in England such sums of Money as shall be Necessary to Clothe and fit them out to Sea Yearly or otherwise as Occasion Requires, but the same not to be Valued to them but to be maintained during their Minority with the rest of my Family out of my Estate

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If my Wife is willing and Contented to be an Equal Share with my Children who shall be surviving at the time she shall think proper to Withdraw or take out her part, I hereby Direct my Executors to pay her the one half in Money and the other half in such goods as they can best agree with my said Wife, I also Allott her Five Acres of Leasehold Land in Sandy Bay which is a Lease for Ninety Nine Years, but the same to be Valued to her.

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To avoid any disputes that may hereafter arise in the Divisions of my Lands among my Children whom I intend to Settle upon this Island, I appoint and set off the said Divisions as followeth Vizt
To my son Jonathan I give my Mansion House with Nine Acres of Freehold Land about the same, the said Nine Acres is to be the upper part of Fourteen Acres that I purchased of Mr John Goodwin to be parted from the lower part from the Leminon tree at the Bottom of Suttners Gutt strait over to the head of the Water Course that remains the top Channel quite round the Knowls and the said fences to the bounds thereof and to be continued as high as the Water will run round to the Corner of Onesip Gurlings Plantation. And the said Nine Acres running each side of the House as far as the fences that Encloses the Bull post Pasture be the same more or less than Nine Acres, also Thirty Acres and three Quarters of an Acre Freehold Land called the Bull post Pasture Also Twenty Acres of Freehold Land called Francis’s Also twenty two Acres and one Quarter of an Acre Freehold Land the lower part

Samuel Dowton’s will continued with further provisions for the disposal of his property and the settlement of his family’s inheritance.

He directed that certain payments should be made at different times and instructed his executors, soon after his death, to sell by public auction the land he had recently purchased from Francis Hayes, together with the goats and the goat range at Stone Top. They were also to sell his dwelling house at the Fort in James Valley, including the billiard room, yard, and related premises, as well as such perishable household goods as could most conveniently be spared. In addition, they were authorised to sell as much of his stock of cattle and as many of his slaves as they might consider proper to dispose of.

He stated that his two sons, Richard and John, were then at sea and that it was his intention they should continue in that profession. Their portions of the estate were therefore to be paid to them in cash. He instructed his executors to remit to his attorney in England whatever sums might be necessary to clothe and equip them for service at sea each year, or as occasion required. These expenses were not to be counted as part of their inheritance, but they were to be maintained during their minority, along with the rest of his family, from the general estate.

He further provided that if his wife chose to take her share equally with whichever of the children survived at the time she decided to withdraw it, his executors were to pay her half the amount in money and the other half in such goods as could best be agreed upon between her and them. He also allotted to her five acres of leasehold land in Sandy Bay, held for a term of ninety-nine years, which was to be valued as part of her share.

To prevent disputes in the future over the division of his lands among his children, whom he intended to settle on the island, he specified the divisions as follows.

To his son Jonathan he gave his mansion house, with nine acres of freehold land surrounding it. This nine-acre portion was to form the upper part of the fourteen acres he had purchased from Mr John Goodwin. It was to be divided from the lower portion by a line running from the lemon tree at the bottom of Suttner’s Gutt straight over to the head of the watercourse that continued along the top channel around the knolls, following the existing fences to the boundaries, and extending as far as the water would reach, up to the corner of Onesiphorus Gurling’s plantation. The nine acres were to run on each side of the house, as far as the fences enclosing the Bull Post pasture, whether the measurement proved to be slightly more or less than nine acres.

He also left to Jonathan thirty acres and three-quarters of an acre of freehold land known as the Bull Post pasture, together with twenty acres of freehold land called Francis’s, and twenty-two acres and one-quarter of an acre of freehold land forming the lower part

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part of that Land called Bowmans Land. Also Six Acres of Leasehold Land at the Brow. Also Six Acres of Leasehold Land call’d Taylors, and a Range for Goats called the High Hill.

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To my Son Samuel I give and set off the other five Acres out of the fourteen that I purchased of Mr John Goodwin being the lower part thereof, to run from the Lemmon tree at the bottom of Sutfners Gutt strait over to the Head of the Channel that the Water runs in quite round the Knowles and Gutt downwards as far as to Ashes Water be the same more or less than five Acres. Also ten Acres of Freehold Land called Francis’s. Also twenty four Acres of Freehold Land adjoyning to the said Ten Acres of Francis’s called Ickies Land. Also twenty seven Acres and half an Acre Freehold Land called Baileys. Also twenty Acres of Freehold Land called Baileys Upper Land. Also six Acres of Lease Land call’d Taylors. Also four Acres of Lease Land in Ickies. Also six Acres of Lease Land at the Braas and a Range for Goats in Rupert’s Valley.

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To my Daughter Rebekah I set off twenty six Acres of Freehold Land which is the Upper part of Bowmans Land.

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I give to my Sons Jonathan and Samuel a small Stock of Goats which I now keep at the Braas, grazing upon my own Land there to be Equally Divided between them and to run together upon the said Land at the Braas which I have given between them.

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I desire my Executors will deliver the Land and Goat Range abovementioned to my Children at the time Appointed by Valuation, they paying their other Brother their proper Shares or proportions as conveniently as possible may be. Also the Goats at the Braas to be Valued to them, but whenever my Son Jonathan shall receive his half of the Goats at the Braas, that then the other half shall be kept under a distinct mark for my Son Samuel’s benefit and advantage.

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As I have given my Son Jonathan my Mansion House, my meaning and intention is that he shall not be put in Possession of the same until he shall come to Age or Marriage as aforesaid. But to be for the Use of my Family, and furthermore that my Wife shall have half the House during the time she remains my Widow and no longer. I also appoint her to be an Executrix while she continues my Widow and no longer.

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Whereas my Father in Law Mr Richᵈ Beale upon the Marriage of his Daughtʳ gave me a Writing Entituling me to a Child

Samuel Dowton’s will continued with further specific divisions of his property.

He gave to his son Jonathan, in addition to the lands already mentioned, the lower portion of Bowmans Land, and also six acres of leasehold land at the Brow, six acres of leasehold land called Taylors, and a goat range known as the High Hill.

To his son Samuel he left the remaining five acres of the fourteen purchased from Mr John Goodwin, being the lower part of that land. This section was to run from the lemon tree at the bottom of Suttner’s Gutt straight over to the head of the channel carrying water around the knolls and downwards as far as Ashes Water, containing about five acres more or less. He also gave him ten acres of freehold land called Francis’s, together with twenty-four acres of freehold land adjoining to it known as Ickies Land, and twenty-seven and a half acres of freehold land called Baileys, as well as twenty acres of freehold land called Baileys Upper Land. In addition, he left him six acres of leasehold land called Taylors, four acres of leasehold land in Ickies, six acres of leasehold land at the Braas, and a goat range situated in Rupert’s Valley.

To his daughter Rebekah he allotted twenty-six acres of freehold land, forming the upper part of Bowmans Land.

He further gave to his sons Jonathan and Samuel a small stock of goats then kept at the Braas and grazing upon his own land there, to be equally divided between them, and to remain on the land shared between them at that place.

He instructed his executors to deliver the lands and goat ranges above mentioned to his children at the appointed time, by valuation, each paying to the others their proper shares as fairly and conveniently as possible. The goats at the Braas were likewise to be valued. When Jonathan should receive his half of the goats there, the other half was to be marked separately for the use and benefit of Samuel.

As he had left to Jonathan his mansion house, he declared that his son was not to take possession of it until reaching the age of twenty-one years or marriage. Until that time it was to remain for the use of the family, and his wife was to have the use of half the house for as long as she remained his widow, and no longer. He also appointed her to act as executrix while she continued in widowhood, but not thereafter.

He added that, as his father-in-law Mr Richard Beale had, upon the marriage of his daughter, given him a written instrument entitling him to a child

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Lastly
I Nominate Constitute and Appoint my good friends Vizᵗʰʳ Messʳˢ John Dowton my Brother, William Young, Richard Beale Executors to this my Will. Also I appoint Each and Every my Sons to be Executor as they shall attain to the Age of Eighteen Years. Disannulling and making Void all former Will or Wills by me made. Ratifying and Confirming this and no other to be my last Will and Testament this Twenty Eight day of July in the year of Our Lord God One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty Nine.

(Signed) Samˡ Dowton ⊕

Signed Sealed and Declared to be the last Will and Testament of him the said Samuel Dowton in the presence of the
Samˡ Falconer
Thoˢ French
Oneᵉ Beale

The following Obligation from the Widow Dowton found enclosed with the Deceased Will was likewise read Vizᵗ

Be it known unto All Men by these presents that I Margaret Wife of Samuel Dowton for divers good Reasons and Considerations me thereunto moving do make appoint & consent to the following Agreement with him my said Husband in the Disposal of his Estate Vizᵗ That whereas he the said Samuel my Husband hath now made his last Will and Testament in writing in order to settle his Estate among his Children Vizᵗ Richard, Jonathan, John, Samuel, and Rebecca and my self (as his Widow in case of his Death) and whereas by Law the Widows of this Island are Entituled to the one half of the Freehold or Real Estate during her Natural Life, But instead thereof he the said Samuel Dowton my Husband hath offered me an Equal share and part of his Estate with his Children in Manner and form as follow Vizᵗ That after his decease I may remain and live upon his Estate with his

Samuel Dowton concluded his will by naming his executors and confirming his final intentions.

He nominated, constituted, and appointed his good friends - his brother John Dowton, William Young, and Richard Beale - to serve as executors of his will. He also declared that each of his sons should, upon reaching the age of eighteen years, become an executor in his turn. He revoked and annulled all former wills previously made by him, ratifying and confirming this alone as his true and final testament, made on the twenty-eighth day of July in the year of our Lord 1749.

The will was signed and marked by Samuel Dowton, sealed, and declared to be his last will and testament in the presence of Samuel Falconer, Thomas French, and Onebe Beale, who witnessed his signature.

A separate document was found enclosed with the will - an obligation from Margaret Dowton, widow of the deceased - which was also read. It recorded that she had agreed and consented to the arrangement made by her husband for the disposal of his estate. For various good reasons and considerations, she had accepted the provisions he had set forth in his will. The document explained that Samuel Dowton had made his last will and testament in writing, dividing his estate among his children - Richard, Jonathan, John, Samuel, and Rebecca - and including his wife as his widow in the event of his death.

It further noted that, by law, widows on the island were entitled to one half of their late husband’s freehold or real estate during their lifetime. Instead of claiming that legal right, she had accepted the arrangement offered by her husband, by which she was to take an equal share and part of his estate together with his children, in the manner described in his will. The agreement continued that, after his death, she might continue to reside upon his estate with his

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Children the whole being kept together for the good and benefit of us all until a Division is made, which if to my self shall be entirely at my Option, but if one or more of the Children should Marry or be at full Age to take out his or their Share or parts and I think proper to let my part remain in the said Estate, that the true meaning and intent of this agreement is that I shall be an Equal Share in his said Estate with the above mentioned Surviving Children that shall be Minors who have not before had their respective Shares and that I shall receive the same the one half in Money and the other half in such Personal Estate as his Executʳ and my Self shall best agree to pay me in. And in Consideration thereof I freely and intirely Quit all Right and Claim of Possessing his Real Estates according as the Law hath appointed otherwise than in the Valuation thereof as the true meaning abovementioned, and by his said last Will and Testament will more fully Appear. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal the Twenty Second day of March in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty Eight.

(Signed) Margaret Dowton ⊕

Signd Sealed and Delivered
in the presence of Us
Oneᵉ Beale
Jnʳ Dowton
Eleanor Beale

Upon which Mrs Dowton was asked if she had any Objection to make to the deceasᵈ Will. She answered that she had not, and that she did Acquiesce to the above Obligation.

Chas Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The obligation from Margaret Dowton continued by declaring that after her husband’s death she might remain living upon his estate with his children, the whole being kept together for their common good and benefit until a division should be made. If the division were to include her, this would be at her own discretion. Should one or more of the children marry or come of age and wish to take out their share, and she chose to leave her portion within the estate, it was clearly stated that she was to remain an equal sharer in her husband’s estate together with the surviving children who were still minors and had not yet received their respective portions.

She was to receive her share half in money and the other half in personal property, as might best be agreed between herself and the executors. In consideration of this arrangement, she freely and completely renounced all right and claim to possession of her late husband’s real estate, as would otherwise have been granted to her by law, except insofar as her valuation and share in the estate were to be determined according to the true intent expressed in the agreement and in her husband’s last will and testament.

The document was signed and sealed by Margaret Dowton on the twenty-second day of March in the year of our Lord 1748, in the presence of Onebe Beale, John Dowton, and Eleanor Beale.

Following the reading of this obligation, Mrs Dowton was asked whether she had any objection to make against the deceased’s will. She replied that she had none and that she fully accepted and agreed to the terms of the obligation. The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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At a Consultation held on Monday the 25ᵗʰ day of September 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqʳ Governor
Captⁿ David Hunter Lieutᵗ Governor
Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and Signed

John Clay Soldier Petitioned for his Discharge from the Garrison, having serv’d the Honourable Company his Contracted time

Granted

The Effects of the late Sergeant Leighton who died from a fall down the Rocks, having been Sold, & his Debts paid, there remained £4 18s 2d as will appear by the Account Currant entered in the Book for that purpose which Sum we have received into the Honᵇˡᵉ Company’s Cash

Chas Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 2ᵈ day of October 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqʳ Governor
Captⁿ David Hunter Lieutᵗ Governor
Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and Signed

Mr Giles South Petitioned to dispose of two Acres of Leasehold Land in Lemon Valley unto Mr John Goodwin

Granted

At a consultation held at the Castle on Monday the 25th of September 1749, those present were Charles Hutchinson, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

John Clay, a soldier, petitioned for his discharge from the garrison, having served the Honourable Company for the full term of his contracted service. His request was granted.

It was also recorded that the effects of the late Sergeant Leighton, who had died as a result of a fall down the rocks, had been sold. After payment of his debts, a balance of £4 18s 2d remained, as shown in the account current entered in the proper book. This amount was received into the Honourable Company’s cash. The entry was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

At a further consultation held at the Castle on Monday the 2nd of October 1749, the same members were present - Charles Hutchinson, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the last consultation were read, approved, and signed.

Mr Giles South petitioned for permission to dispose of two acres of leasehold land in Lemon Valley to Mr John Goodwin. His request was granted.

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Pursuant to the Order in Consultation of the 28ᵗʰ August last, the Planters this day Attended and paid their Rents due to the Honᵇˡᵉ Company for the Year past which Amounted to £343 16s 8½d, the Rent Roll is as follows Vizᵗ

Mary Alexander - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 15¾ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £5 6s 3d
John Alexander - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 54¾ acres - Lease Land 49¾ acres - Total Rent £8 18s 7½d
Sam Alexander - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 19 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £3 19s 7½d
John Alexander Copham - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 29 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £3 2s 6d
George Alexander - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 12 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 12s 6d
Margaret Alcock - Ground Rent ¼ acre at 20s per annum - Free Land Nil - Lease Land 20 acres - Total Rent £1 2s 6d
Onephronus Beale - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land Nil - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £0 2s 6d
Rich Beale - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land Nil - Lease Land 6 months’ rent at 5s per annum - Total Rent £0 3s 6d
John Bagley - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 11 acres - Lease Land 10½ acres - Total Rent £7 1s 9d
Rich Bagley - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 36¼ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £4 10s 3d
Orlando Bagley - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 25½ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £2 15s 0d
John Brazett’s Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 20 acres - Lease Land 16 acres - Total Rent £3 0s 3d
Elizabeth Brazett - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 117 acres - Lease Land 57½ acres - Total Rent £18 9s 1½d
William Brumham - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 15¼ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 18s 1½d
John Bland - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 20 acres - Lease Land 1¼ acres - Total Rent £2 13s 1½d
Thomas Colgrave - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 12½ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 3s 1½d
Thomas Clew - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 3 acres - Lease Land 7¾ acres - Total Rent £0 9s 1½d
Sam Dovetons Orphans - Ground Rent 5 acres at 1s 6d per acre - Free Land 21 acres - Lease Land 20¼ acres - Total Rent £17 11s 1½d
John Doveton - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 86¼ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 9s 0d
Jonathan Dovetons Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 77¾ acres - Lease Land 9½ acres - Total Rent £5 1s 6d
Joseph Desfountains Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 50 acres - Lease Land 6½ acres - Total Rent £10 3s 9d
John Desfountain - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 67½ acres - Lease Land 19¾ acres - Total Rent £5 16s 10½d
John Desfountain Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 51 acres - Lease Land 46¼ acres - Total Rent £4 9s 4½d
Thomas Casthorpe - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 25 acres - Lease Land 11 acres - Total Rent £6 15s 0d
Francis Funge - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 6¼ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £0 15s 7½d
John French (deceased) - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 11 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 7s 6d
John Goodwin - Ground Rent 15½ acres at 1s per acre, 26 days’ rent 10d - Free Land Nil - Lease Land 2½ acres - Total Rent £1 13s 8d

Carried over - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 983¼ acres - Lease Land 61¾ acres - Total Rent £125 7s 9½d

In accordance with the order made in consultation on the 28th of August, the planters attended at the Castle and paid their rents due to the Honourable Company for the previous year. The total amount received was £343 16s 8½d. The rent roll was recorded as follows.

Mary Alexander held 15¾ acres of free land with no ground rent or leasehold, paying a total rent of £5 6s 3d.

John Alexander held 54¾ acres of free land and 49¾ acres of leasehold, with no ground rent, paying a total of £8 18s 7½d.

Samuel Alexander held 19 acres of free land and no leasehold, paying £3 19s 7½d.

John Alexander Copham held 29 acres of free land, with no leasehold, paying £3 2s 6d.

George Alexander held 12 acres of free land and no leasehold, paying £1 12s 6d.

Margaret Alcock held ¼ acre of ground rent at 20 shillings per annum and 20 acres of leasehold land, paying £1 2s 6d.

Onephronus Beale held no ground rent, free land, or leasehold, but paid £0 2s 6d.

Richard Beale held no free land but paid six months’ lease rent at 5 shillings per annum, totalling £0 3s 6d.

John Bagley held 11 acres of free land and 10½ acres of leasehold, paying £7 1s 9d.

Richard Bagley held 36¼ acres of free land and no leasehold, paying £4 10s 3d.

Orlando Bagley held 25½ acres of free land, paying £2 15s 0d.

The orphans of John Brazett held 20 acres of free land and 16 acres of leasehold, paying £3 0s 3d.

Elizabeth Brazett held 117 acres of free land and 57½ acres of leasehold, paying £18 9s 1½d.

William Brumham held 15¼ acres of free land, paying £1 18s 1½d.

John Bland held 20 acres of free land and 1¼ acres of leasehold, paying £2 13s 1½d.

Thomas Colgrave held 12½ acres of free land, paying £1 3s 1½d.

Thomas Clew held 3 acres of free land and 7¾ acres of leasehold, paying £0 9s 1½d.

The orphans of Samuel Doveton held 5 acres of ground rent at 1s 6d per acre, 21 acres of free land, and 20¼ acres of leasehold, paying £17 11s 1½d.

John Doveton held 86¼ acres of free land, paying £1 9s 0d.

The orphans of Jonathan Doveton held 77¾ acres of free land and 9½ acres of leasehold, paying £5 1s 6d.

The orphans of Joseph Desfountain held 50 acres of free land and 6½ acres of leasehold, paying £10 3s 9d.

John Desfountain held 67½ acres of free land and 19¾ acres of leasehold, paying £5 16s 10½d.

The orphans of John Desfountain held 51 acres of free land and 46¼ acres of leasehold, paying £4 9s 4½d.

Thomas Casthorpe held 25 acres of free land and 11 acres of leasehold, paying £6 15s 0d.

Francis Funge held 6¼ acres of free land, paying £0 15s 7½d.

John French, deceased, held 11 acres of free land, paying £1 7s 6d.

John Goodwin held 15½ acres of ground rent at 1 shilling per acre, with 26 days’ additional rent of 10 pence, and 2½ acres of leasehold, paying £1 13s 8d.

The subtotal carried over at this point was 983¼ acres of free land and 61¾ acres of leasehold, producing a total rent of £125 7s 9½d.

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Richard Goodwin’s Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 66½ acres - Lease Land 27 acres - Total Rent £7 1s 6d
Sarah Goodwin - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 67½ acres - Lease Land 28 acres - Total Rent £7 1s 8d
Thomas Greentree - Ground Rent 33½ acres at 2s 6d per acre - Free Land 55 acres - Lease Land 61 acres - Total Rent £9 15s 9d
Onesphorus Gurling - Ground Rent 9 acres at 1s 6d per acre - Free Land 23 acres - Lease Land 9 acres - Total Rent £1 16s 6d
James Greentree - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 18 acres - Lease Land 55 acres - Total Rent £9 5s 6d
Richard Gurling - Ground Rent 3 acres at 1s per annum - Free Land 36 acres - Lease Land 52 acres - Total Rent £7 19s 6d
Gabriel Harper’s Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 22 acres - Lease Land 73½ acres - Total Rent £10 5s 9d
Joseph Harding’s Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 19 acres - Lease Land 33¾ acres - Total Rent £5 1s 6d
John Hayes Senᵗ - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 11 acres - Lease Land 1 acre - Total Rent £1 16s 6d
Thomas Hayes’s Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 30 acres - Lease Land 1 acre - Total Rent £2 3s 0d
Martin Harper - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 55⅓ acres - Lease Land 15 acres - Total Rent £8 8s 1d
Thomas Harper’s Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 13¾ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 13s 1½d
Richard Harper - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 13¾ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 13s 1½d
Elisha Isacke - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 25 acres - Lease Land 5 acres - Total Rent £1 17s 6d
Gabriel Isacke - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 15 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £0 15s 0d
Thomas Jarvis - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 19 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 12s 0d
Samuel Knipes - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 21½ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 4s 9d
William Kennedy - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 13 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 3s 1d
John Leech Senʳ - Ground Rent 9 acres at 1s per acre - Free Land 57 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £5 9s 3d
John Leech Junʳ - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 4 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £0 4s 6d
Amagar Leech - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 26 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £2 2s 6d
Richard Mason - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 39½ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £4 18s 9d
Robert Mason - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 10 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 15s 9d
Edmund Nichols (Deceased) - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 10 acres - Lease Land 12 acres - Total Rent £5 15s 6d
Mary Nichols - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 25 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £3 2s 6d
Matthew Sterling - Ground Rent 5 acres at 1s per acre - Free Land 123¼ acres - Lease Land 21¾ acres - Total Rent £16 14s 1½d
James Powell - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 30 acres - Lease Land 21½ acres - Total Rent £4 3s 9d
James Spitchard - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 17 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 7s 6d
Benjamin Pledger (Deceased) - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 5 acres - Lease Land 31½ acres - Total Rent £4 2s 6d
James Pledger’s Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 38 acres - Lease Land 30½ acres - Total Rent £8 10s 3d
Thomas Reynolds - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 10 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 10s 0d
William Seale - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 21 acres - Lease Land 17½ acres - Total Rent £3 4s 9d
Benjamin Seale - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 15 acres - Lease Land 16½ acres - Total Rent £2 16s 3d

Carried over - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 1657¼ acres - Lease Land 406¼ acres - Total Rent £201 10s 0d

The continuation of the rent roll recorded the remaining payments made by the planters to the Honourable Company for the previous year.

The orphans of Richard Goodwin held 66½ acres of free land and 27 acres of leasehold, paying £7 1s 6d.

Sarah Goodwin held 67½ acres of free land and 28 acres of leasehold, paying £7 1s 8d.

Thomas Greentree held 33½ acres of ground rent at 2s 6d per acre, 55 acres of free land, and 61 acres of leasehold, paying £9 15s 9d.

Onesiphorus Gurling held 9 acres of ground rent at 1s 6d per acre, 23 acres of free land, and 9 acres of leasehold, paying £1 16s 6d.

James Greentree held 18 acres of free land and 55 acres of leasehold, paying £9 5s 6d.

Richard Gurling held 3 acres of ground rent at 1s per acre, 36 acres of free land, and 52 acres of leasehold, paying £7 19s 6d.

The orphans of Gabriel Harper held 22 acres of free land and 73½ acres of leasehold, paying £10 5s 9d.

The orphans of Joseph Harding held 19 acres of free land and 33¾ acres of leasehold, paying £5 1s 6d.

John Hayes senior held 11 acres of free land and 1 acre of leasehold, paying £1 16s 6d.

The orphans of Thomas Hayes held 30 acres of free land and 1 acre of leasehold, paying £2 3s 0d.

Martin Harper held 55⅓ acres of free land and 15 acres of leasehold, paying £8 8s 1d.

The orphans of Thomas Harper held 13¾ acres of free land, paying £1 13s 1½d.

Richard Harper held 13¾ acres of free land, paying £1 13s 1½d.

Elisha Isacke held 25 acres of free land and 5 acres of leasehold, paying £1 17s 6d.

Gabriel Isacke held 15 acres of free land, paying £0 15s 0d.

Thomas Jarvis held 19 acres of free land, paying £1 12s 0d.

Samuel Knipes held 21½ acres of free land, paying £1 4s 9d.

William Kennedy held 13 acres of free land, paying £1 3s 1d.

John Leech senior held 9 acres of ground rent at 1s per acre and 57 acres of free land, paying £5 9s 3d.

John Leech junior held 4 acres of free land, paying £0 4s 6d.

Amagar Leech held 26 acres of free land, paying £2 2s 6d.

Richard Mason held 39½ acres of free land, paying £4 18s 9d.

Robert Mason held 10 acres of free land, paying £1 15s 9d.

Edmund Nichols, deceased, held 10 acres of free land and 12 acres of leasehold, paying £5 15s 6d.

Mary Nichols held 25 acres of free land, paying £3 2s 6d.

Matthew Sterling held 5 acres of ground rent at 1s per acre, 123¼ acres of free land, and 21¾ acres of leasehold, paying £16 14s 1½d.

James Powell held 30 acres of free land and 21½ acres of leasehold, paying £4 3s 9d.

James Spitchard held 17 acres of free land, paying £1 7s 6d.

Benjamin Pledger, deceased, held 5 acres of free land and 31½ acres of leasehold, paying £4 2s 6d.

The orphans of James Pledger held 38 acres of free land and 30½ acres of leasehold, paying £8 10s 3d.

Thomas Reynolds held 10 acres of free land, paying £1 10s 0d.

William Seale held 21 acres of free land and 17½ acres of leasehold, paying £3 4s 9d.

Benjamin Seale held 15 acres of free land and 16½ acres of leasehold, paying £2 16s 3d.

The subtotal carried over at this point was 1657¼ acres of free land and 406¼ acres of leasehold, producing a total rent of £201 10s 0d.

234

230

John Seale’s Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 20 acres - Lease Land 7½ acres - Total Rent £1 18s 9d
Giles Smith - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 11 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 7s 6d
Charles Steward’s Orphans - Ground Rent 1 acre - Free Land 69¾ acres - Lease Land 69 acres - Total Rent £12 16s 3d
Nathan Sample - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 25 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 3s 6d
John Spencer - Ground Rent 2s 6d - Free Land Nil - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 2s 6d
John Swales - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 9 acres - Lease Land 25 acres - Total Rent £3 11s 6d
Richard Tinsley - Ground Rent 5 acres - Free Land Nil - Lease Land 3 acres - Total Rent £3 12s 6d
Francis Wrangham Senʳ - Ground Rent 20s 6d (Clary rent free) - Free Land 103¾ acres - Lease Land 130 acres - Total Rent £26 10s 2½d
Francis Wrangham Junʳ - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 82 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £4 1s 2d
John Worrall - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 56 acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £7 4s 9d
Joshua Worrall - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 31 acres - Lease Land 15½ acres - Total Rent £7 4s 9d
Simon Whaley’s Orphans - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 14½ acres - Lease Land 14 acres - Total Rent £2 9s 2d
Joseph Whaley Junʳ - Ground Rent 12s 6d - Free Land 23¾ acres - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £3 3s 4d
Joseph Whaley Senʳ - Ground Rent 5 acres - Free Land 1 acre - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 7s 6d
Henry Wise - Ground Rent 10 acres - Free Land Nil - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 10s 0d
Stephen Willoughby - Ground Rent 12 acres - Free Land Nil - Lease Land Nil - Total Rent £1 12s 0d
William Young - Ground Rent 5 acres - Free Land 78 acres - Lease Land 25 acres - Total Rent £7 5s 6d
Stephen Young - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 10 acres - Lease Land 8½ acres - Total Rent £1 11s 3d

Total - Ground Rent Nil - Free Land 2196¾ acres - Lease Land 825 acres - Total Rent £343 16s 8½d

Signed:
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The rent roll continued and was completed as follows.

The orphans of John Seale held 20 acres of free land and 7½ acres of leasehold, paying £1 18s 9d.

Giles Smith held 11 acres of free land, paying £1 7s 6d.

The orphans of Charles Steward held 1 acre of ground rent, 69¾ acres of free land, and 69 acres of leasehold, paying £12 16s 3d.

Nathan Sample held 25 acres of free land, paying £1 3s 6d.

John Spencer paid ground rent of 2s 6d, with no free or leasehold land, bringing his total to £1 2s 6d.

John Swales held 9 acres of free land and 25 acres of leasehold, paying £3 11s 6d.

Richard Tinsley held 5 acres of ground rent and 3 acres of leasehold, paying £3 12s 6d.

Francis Wrangham senior held 103¾ acres of free land and 130 acres of leasehold, his rent amounting to £26 10s 2½d, with the note “Clary rent free” referring to a remission of part of his ground rent.

Francis Wrangham junior held 82 acres of free land, paying £4 1s 2d.

John Worrall held 56 acres of free land, paying £7 4s 9d.

Joshua Worrall held 31 acres of free land and 15½ acres of leasehold, paying £7 4s 9d.

The orphans of Simon Whaley held 14½ acres of free land and 14 acres of leasehold, paying £2 9s 2d.

Joseph Whaley junior paid 12s 6d in ground rent and held 23¾ acres of free land, paying a total of £3 3s 4d.

Joseph Whaley senior held 5 acres of ground rent and 1 acre of free land, paying £1 7s 6d.

Henry Wise held 10 acres of ground rent, paying £1 10s 0d.

Stephen Willoughby held 12 acres of ground rent, paying £1 12s 0d.

William Young held 5 acres of ground rent, 78 acres of free land, and 25 acres of leasehold, paying £7 5s 6d.

Stephen Young held 10 acres of free land and 8½ acres of leasehold, paying £1 11s 3d.

The final total amounted to 2196¾ acres of free land and 825 acres of leasehold, producing a total rent of £343 16s 8½d.

The account was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

235

231

At a Consultation held on Monday the 9th day of October 1749 at the Castle

Present: Charles Hutchinson Esq Governor, Captain David Hunter Lieutenant Governor, Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed. It was recorded that on Tuesday the 3rd died Eleanor, daughter of Gabriel Isacke.

Mr John Goodwin presented the following petition:

To the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson Esq, Governor and Council of St Helena

The humble petition of John Goodwin sheweth:

That there was a small piece of land near the High Peak belonging to the Honourable Company, containing about four and a half acres, which joined upon your petitioner’s land. It would be of great service to him for the convenience of building, not only so but also because, as it then lay, it caused a great deal of fencing and was very inconvenient both to the Honourable Company and to your petitioner on that account.

Your petitioner therefore humbly prayed that he might be permitted to rent the said parcel of land.

Dated 9th October 1749
Signed John Goodwin

At a consultation held at the Castle on Monday the 9th of October 1749, those present were Charles Hutchinson, Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed. It was noted that on Tuesday the 3rd, Eleanor, daughter of Gabriel Isacke, had died.

Mr John Goodwin then presented a petition to the Governor and Council of St Helena. In it he stated that there was a small piece of land near the High Peak, belonging to the Honourable Company, containing about four and a half acres, which adjoined his own property. He explained that it would be of great use to him for the convenience of building and that, as the land presently lay, it created considerable difficulty and expense in fencing, which was inconvenient both to himself and to the Honourable Company.

He therefore requested permission to rent the said parcel of land. The petition was dated the 9th of October 1749 and signed by John Goodwin.

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232

The heirs to the personal estate of William Worrall, deceased, this day presented the following petition:

To Charles Hutchinson Esq, Governor and Council of St Helena

The humble petition of Joshua Worrall, Martin Harper, John Doveton, and Onesphorus Gurling, heirs to the personal estate of William Worrall, deceased, sheweth:

That your petitioners, not being able to settle accounts so as to make out a true inventory of the personal estate of the said William Worrall until the arrival of the next year’s store ship, humbly prayed that the Governor and Council would be pleased to grant them leave to defer giving in the said inventory until that time.

Dated 9th October 1749

Signed Joshua Worrall, Martin Harper, John Doveton, Onesphorus Gurling

Granted

On the same day, the heirs to the personal estate of William Worrall, deceased, submitted a petition to the Governor and Council of St Helena. The petition was made by Joshua Worrall, Martin Harper, John Doveton, and Onesiphorus Gurling, as heirs to the estate.

They explained that they had been unable to settle the accounts in such a way as to produce a complete and accurate inventory of William Worrall’s personal estate until the arrival of the next year’s store ship. They therefore requested permission to postpone submitting the inventory until that time.

The petition was dated the 9th of October 1749 and signed by Joshua Worrall, Martin Harper, John Doveton, and Onesiphorus Gurling. The request was granted by the Governor and Council.

237

233

The Plantation Gunners and Stewards Accounts for the

Month of September last were this day brought in which were

Examined and approved and are as follows Vizt

Gunners Stores Expended in September 1749

Guns fired, Six Pounders, four Pounders, Powder Expended

16 Powder Delivered to the Stone Blaster: 0 Guns fired, 0 Six Pounders, 0 four Pounders, 4 Powder Expended

Do Fired for a Signal: 0 Guns fired, 2 Six Pounders, 2 four Pounders, 8 Powder Expended

17 Departed the Dane Ship: 9 Guns fired, 0 Six Pounders, 9 four Pounders, 9 Powder Expended

Powder for Priming: 0 Guns fired, 0 Six Pounders, 0 four Pounders, 3 Powder Expended

Powder for the Funeral of John Browne: 0 Guns fired, 0 Six Pounders, 0 four Pounders, 2½ Powder Expended

Powder to the Guard Boats: 0 Guns fired, 0 Six Pounders, 0 four Pounders, 3 Powder Expended

Total: 11 Guns fired, 2 Six Pounders, 9 four Pounders, 29½ Powder Expended

Tallow for Greasing the Gun Carriages

19

Paper for making of small Cartridges

1 Quire

Shod Trucks for the Great Wood

4

Gin with furniture having been upon the Island above

Forty Years

1

Iron Wees to the Armourer

2 Ounces

Lead Balls to the Guard Boats

3

[Signed] John French

The plantation, gunner's and steward's accounts for the month of September last were this day brought in, which were examined and approved, and are as follows.

Gunner's stores expended in September 1749, entered by the day of the month, with the guns fired graded by bore and the powder expended against each occasion.

16th, powder delivered to the stone blaster, powder 4 lb

16th, fired for a signal: 2 guns to 9, 2 guns to 4, powder 8 lb

17th, departed the Dane ship: 9 guns to 9, powder 9 lb, 9 lb

powder for priming, powder 3 lb

powder for the funeral of John Browne, powder 2¼ lb

powder to the guard boats, powder 3 lb

total: 11 guns to 9, 2 guns to 4, 9 guns to 2, powder 26¼ lb

The other stores expended in the month.

19 lb of tallow, for greasing the gun carriages

1 quire of paper, for making of small cartridges

4 shod trucks, for the Great Wood

1 gun with furniture, having been upon the island above forty years

2 iron wires, to the armourer

3 lead balls, to the guard boats

The account subscribed by John French.

Interpretations

The gunner's account for September 1749 is the lightest month in the whole run, only 26¼ lb of powder expended, the deep quiet of the southern winter still holding and the road all but empty. A single Danish ship departed with her salute, a signal was fired and a little powder went to the stone blaster and to priming, the batteries near wholly idle in the empty anchorage before the shipping season should open again in the spring.

The stores below the powder carry a notable entry among the ordinary wear of the guns, a gun with its furniture condemned as having been upon the island above forty years, the piece and its mounting entered as done with after a working life reaching back before 1710. The Company's ordnance was a standing stock renewed only slowly, and a gun serving four decades on the batteries before being struck off marks how long the island's guns endured and how rarely they were replaced, the old piece cleared out of the account as the shod trucks and tallow kept the rest in service.

The powder to the guard boats and the three lead balls issued to them show the boats still rowing guard in the road even in the quiet season, the crews armed and their pieces charged to watch the anchorage. The tallow for greasing the carriages, the paper for the small cartridges and the iron wires to the armourer are the settled upkeep of the guns, and the four shod trucks again passed to the Great Wood the ordnance stores serving the plantation. John French subscribed the account as gunner, and this stands among the very last of his returns, the master gunner who had signed the island's powder accounts through the whole record closing the book in the empty winter before his hand left it.

238

234

Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c for the Month of September 1749

Neat Cattle Sheep Goats Hogs Poultry Horses

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Bullocks, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wethers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Sheats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowls, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining the 1: 4 Bulls, 82 Cows, 81 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 31 Heifers, 4 Steers, 0 Bullocks, 6 Oxen, 224 Total, 80 Ewes, 15 Wethers, 89 Lambs, 4 Rams, 188 Total, 83 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 69 Kids, 5 Rams, 190 Total, 5 Sows, 5 Sheats, 9 Piggs, 1 Boars, 20 Total, 51 Turkeys, 163 Fowls, 15 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 2 Mares, 10 Total

Encreased: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 16 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Bullocks, 0 Oxen, 16 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 21 Lambs, 0 Rams, 21 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 0 Total, 0 Sows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 0 Total, 0 Turkeys, 20 Fowls, 20 Ducks, 5 Geese, 0 Horses, 1 Mares, 1 Total

4 Bulls, 82 Cows, 97 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 31 Heifers, 4 Steers, 0 Bullocks, 6 Oxen, 240 Total, 80 Ewes, 15 Wethers, 110 Lambs, 4 Rams, 209 Total, 85 Ewes, 31 Wethers, 69 Kids, 5 Rams, 190 Total, 5 Sows, 5 Sheats, 9 Piggs, 1 Boars, 20 Total, 71 Turkeys, 183 Fowls, 20 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Killed: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Bullocks, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 3 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 0 Lambs, 0 Rams, 3 Total, 3 Ewes, 2 Wethers, 0 Kids, 0 Rams, 5 Total, 0 Sows, 1 Sheats, 2 Piggs, 0 Boars, 3 Total, 1 Turkeys, 7 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Died: 0 Bulls, 0 Cows, 0 Calves, 0 Yearlings, 0 Heifers, 0 Steers, 0 Bullocks, 0 Oxen, 0 Total, 0 Ewes, 0 Wethers, 1 Lambs, 0 Rams, 1 Total, 2 Ewes, 2 Wethers, 1 Kids, 0 Rams, 3 Total, 1 Sows, 0 Sheats, 0 Piggs, 0 Boars, 1 Total, 0 Turkeys, 0 Fowls, 0 Ducks, 0 Geese, 0 Horses, 0 Mares, 0 Total

Remaining 30: 4 Bulls, 82 Cows, 97 Calves, 16 Yearlings, 31 Heifers, 4 Steers, 0 Bullocks, 6 Oxen, 240 Total, 79 Ewes, 12 Wethers, 109 Lambs, 4 Rams, 204 Total, 83 Ewes, 27 Wethers, 67 Kids, 5 Rams, 182 Total, 4 Sows, 4 Sheats, 7 Piggs, 1 Boars, 16 Total, 70 Turkeys, 176 Fowls, 20 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Names of the Species Examynd: 4 Bulls, 95 Cows, 65 Calves, 32 Yearlings, 21 Heifers, 13 Steers, 4 Bullocks, 6 Oxen, 240 Total, 102 Ewes, 37 Wethers, 67 Lambs, 4 Rams, 204 Total, 94 Ewes, 25 Wethers, 57 Kids, 6 Rams, 182 Total, 5 Sows, 8 Sheats, 2 Piggs, 1 Boars, 16 Total, 70 Turkeys, 176 Fowls, 20 Ducks, 16 Geese, 8 Horses, 3 Mares, 11 Total

Yams Expended

33.000

1 Child Born Name Jack

[Signed] David Hunter

Account of the Honourable Company's stock of neat cattle and other livestock for the month of September 1749.

Neat cattle, remaining the 1st: bulls 4, cows 82, calves 81, yearlings 16, heifers 31, steers 4, bullocks 0, oxen 6, total 224

Sheep, remaining the 1st: ewes 80, wethers 15, lambs 89, rams 4, total 188

Goats, remaining the 1st: ewes 83, wethers 31, kids 69, rams 5, total 190

Hogs, remaining the 1st: sows 5, shoats 5, pigs 9, boars 1, total 20

Poultry, remaining the 1st: turkeys 51, fowls 163, ducks 13, geese 16, total 190

Horses, remaining the 1st: horses 8, mares 2, total 10

Increased, neat cattle: calves 16, total 16

Increased, sheep: lambs 21, total 21

Increased, poultry: fowls 20, ducks 20, geese 3, total 20

Increased, horses: mares 1, total 1

Neat cattle: bulls 4, cows 82, calves 97, yearlings 16, heifers 31, steers 4, oxen 6, total 240

Sheep: ewes 80, wethers 15, lambs 110, rams 4, total 209

Goats: ewes 85, wethers 31, kids 69, rams 5, total 190

Hogs: sows 5, shoats 5, pigs 9, boars 1, total 20

Poultry: turkeys 71, fowls 183, ducks 20, geese 16, total 190

Horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Killed, sheep: lambs 3, total 3

Killed, goats: ewes 3, wethers 2, total 5

Killed, hogs: shoats 1, pigs 2, total 3

Killed, poultry: fowls 1, ducks 7, total 7

Died, sheep: lambs 1, total 1

Died, goats: ewes 2, wethers 1, total 3

Died, hogs: sows 1, total 1

Died, poultry: fowls 1, total 1

Remaining the 30th, neat cattle: bulls 4, cows 82, calves 97, yearlings 16, heifers 31, steers 4, oxen 6, total 240

Remaining the 30th, sheep: ewes 79, wethers 12, lambs 109, rams 4, total 204

Remaining the 30th, goats: ewes 83, wethers 27, kids 67, rams 5, total 182

Remaining the 30th, hogs: sows 4, pigs 7, boars 1, total 16

Remaining the 30th, poultry: turkeys 70, fowls 176, ducks 20, geese 16, total 190

Remaining the 30th, horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

Names of the species changed, neat cattle: bulls 4, cows 95, calves 65, yearlings 32, heifers 21, steers 13, bullocks 4, oxen 6, total 240

Names of the species changed, sheep: ewes 102, wethers 37, lambs 67, rams 4, total 204

Names of the species changed, goats: ewes 94, wethers 25, kids 57, rams 6, total 182

Names of the species changed, hogs: sows 5, shoats 8, pigs 2, boars 1, total 16

Names of the species changed, poultry: turkeys 70, fowls 176, ducks 20, geese 16, total 190

Names of the species changed, horses: horses 8, mares 3, total 11

The month's other entries ran as follows.

Yams expended, 33,000 lb

1 child born, named Jack

The account subscribed by David Hunter.

Interpretations

This is the stock account for September 1749, the herds and flocks mustered by class and age at the year's end, the account carrying the annual reclassification entered as the names of the species changed, the calves, yearlings and heifers stepped up a grade as they aged and the whole herd re-sorted so that the closing figures by age do not match the running month. This falls at the turn of the Company's year on 30 September, the great annual reckoning when the stock was mustered afresh and every beast moved into its proper class by age.

The herd made its strongest showing of the whole run, sixteen calves born and no beast killed at all, the neat cattle rising to and holding at 240, the highest in this stretch, the road empty through the late southern winter so that the cattle were left wholly to breed. The sheep likewise rose on twenty-one lambs to 204, the flocks renewing themselves freely in the season before the great victualling of the coming shipping year should draw them down. The whole is a herd and flock recovered and at their fullest, built back up through the quiet winter after the drought years and the crowded seasons that had drawn them so hard.

The yams stand at 33,000 lb expended of the Company's own, the highest monthly figure in this stretch and all of it the Company's own ground with none bought of the planters, the plantations yielding freely at the year's end and the long dependence on the settlers broken. The account closes with the birth of a child named Jack, entered plainly among the increase as the stock account carried the slaves on its books beside the cattle, the birth of a slave child set down in the same hand and the same column as the calves and lambs of the month, David Hunter subscribing the whole as husband at the close of the Company's year.

239

235

1749

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month of September

1749 Vizt

29 Bottles Port Wine

1 13 10

23 Do Lisbon

1 6 10

13 Do Madeira

1 7 10¾

9 ½ Do Goa Arrack

3 4

13 ½ Do Batavia Do

9

23 Do Brandy

15 9¾

78 Do Beer

19 6

234 Flour

1 11 8¾

39 Goat

13

105 Mutton

2 3 9

3 Kids

15

53 Pork

16 6

7 Fowls

10 6

1 Turkey

5

10 Pr Salt Pork

1

2 Pigs

10

52 Candy

15 2

57 ½ Butter

2 17 6

18 14 3¾

Chas Hutchinson

David Hunter

John Clark

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of September 1749.

29 bottles of port wine, £1 13s 10d

23 bottles of Lisbon, £1 6s 10d

13 bottles of Madeira, £1 7s 10¾d

9½ bottles of Goa arrack, £0 3s 4d

13½ bottles of Batavia, £0 9s 0d

23 bottles of brandy, £0 15s 9¾d

78 bottles of beer, £0 19s 6d

234 lb of flour, £1 11s 8½d

39 lb of goat, £0 13s 0d

105 lb of mutton, £2 3s 9d

3 kids, £0 15s 0d

53 lb of pork, £0 16s 6d

7 fowls, £0 10s 6d

1 turkey, £0 5s 0d

10 quarters of salt pork, £1 0s 0d

2 pigs, £0 10s 0d

52 lb of candy, £0 15s 2d

57½ lb of butter, £2 17s 6d

total, £18 14s 3¾d

The account subscribed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark.

Interpretations

The castle sundries for September 1749 run at £18 14s 3¾d, the lightest month in this stretch, the board's own table stores of wine, spirits, beer, meat and provisions drawn more sparingly as the deep southern winter held and the household kept a quieter table. The three kinds of spirit again stand together in small bottled parcels, the Goa and Batavia arrack and the brandy, and the beer at seventy-eight bottles a fuller showing than the spirits, the board drinking more of the cheaper beer through the quiet season.

The mutton at £2 3s 9d for 105 lb and the goat carry the meat this month, the flocks drawn for the board's table where the herd was left wholly to its calving through the empty winter, not a beast killed for the market or the ships in the month. The pork, kids, fowls and salt pork fill out the table, and the candy and butter the settled sweetening and dairy, the whole a modest provisioning of the household in the still quiet before the shipping season should open again.

The account is subscribed by the three members of the reduced board of 1749, Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark, who had carried the government of the island together through this whole run of the record. The lightness of the month's table, the empty road, the full and recovered herds and the yams drawn wholly from the Company's own ground all mark the deep quiet of the southern winter at the year's end, the island settled and provisioned from its own stock in the still season before the turning of the Company's year and the return of the shipping that would draw its herds and fill its road once more.

240

236

16 October

At a Consultation held on Monday the 16 day of October

1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchenson Esq Governour

Capt David Hunter Lieut Govern.r

Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and Signed

The Storekeeper brought in his Collections and the

Paymaster his Account for the Quarter ending the 30 September

last which were Examined and approved and are as follows Vizt

Collection of Goods Sold and Delivered out of the

Honble Companys Stores from the 1t July to the 30 Sepr 1749 Vizt

Sold to the Companys Servants at 10 Ct Cent

Arrack 10 Gallons

Brandy 347 7/8 Gallons

2 10

Sugar and Candy Vizt

86 19 9d

1435 Sugar

23 18 4

905 Candy

18 17 1

Bread & Flour Vizt

42 13 5

840 Bread

6 2 6

1001 Flour

7 3 11½

144.3.20 Do Baked

126 1 6

Tea Vizt

139 15 11½

232 Congo

4 10

64 Single

4 9 4

72 Bohea

3 12

22 11 4

Carried over £ 294 12 6

At a consultation held at the castle on Monday 16 October 1749, Governor Charles Hutchinson sat with David Hunter the Lieutenant Governor and Lieutenant John Clark of council. The previous consultation was read, approved and signed.

The storekeeper brought in his collection of goods and the paymaster his account for the quarter ending 30 September 1749. The board examined and approved both.

The collection set out the goods sold and delivered out of the Company's stores from 1 July to 30 September 1749. The first class recorded what the Company's servants bought at 10 per cent above the invoice price.

Arrack, 10 gallons

Brandy, 347 7/8 gallons, £2 10s [...]d

Sugar and candy, £86 19s 9d

1,435 lb sugar, £23 18s 4d

905 lb candy, £18 17s 1d

Bread and flour, £42 13s 5d

840 lb bread, £6 2s 6d

1,001 lb flour, £7 3s 11.5d

144 3/4 to 20 lb double-baked bread, £126 1s 6d

Tea, £139 15s 11.5d

232 lb congou, £4 10s 0d

6.25 lb single, £4 9s 4d

72 lb bohea, £3 12s 0d

£22 11s 4d

Carried over, £294 12s 6d

Interpretations

The 10 per cent charged to the Company's servants was the mildest of the graded markups the store worked by, the same class of buyer set at ten while planters paid twenty-five on cloth and hosiery and forty on drink and provisions, and foreign ships fifty. The garrison and civil establishment, dependent on the Company for nearly everything they consumed, were supplied a shade above the invoice cost, the small margin covering carriage and waste rather than turning a profit on the men who served the island.

The teas ran in three grades common to the China trade. Congou and bohea were both black teas, congou the better-fired and more valued and bohea the coarser and cheapest, while single tea, more often written singlo, was a green tea of middling price. All three came west in the Canton cargoes and were sold on through the storekeeper, the island retailing to its own people the luxuries the homeward ships carried.

The double-baked bread was ship's biscuit, flour twice fired to drive out all moisture so it would keep on a long passage, and its great weight against the small quantities of ordinary bread and flour shows the store laying in sea provision for the shipping rather than table bread for the garrison. The figure of £126 1s 6d set against it cannot be squared with the £42 13s 5d struck for the whole bread and flour class, and the account is entered here as it stands on the page.

241

237

1749

Brought over £ 294 12 6

Soap 6 Ct

17 11

Shirts Vizt

6 Soldiers Shirts

1 7 6

11 pr Linen

17 13 10

19 1 4

Serges &ca Vizt

108 Yards Serge

27

21½ yards Duffel

7 19 6

9½ yard Do Scarlet

4 13 5

39 12 11

Broad Cloth 10½ Yards

9 8 8½

Shalloon 100 Yards

10 8 4

Garlix 12 Yards

1

Buckram Vizt

21 Yards Buckram

18½

116½ Yards Osenbrigs

3 11 4½

3 pr Hair Cloths

3 6

4 13 3

Braziers Ware Vizt

1 Tea Kettle

19 3

2 pr Candlesticks

12 10

1 Ladle

2 5

1 Skimmer

6 7

1 Coffee Pot

7 9

3 Saucepans

11 6

3 6

Pewter Vizt

3 Basons

6½

1 Quart Funnel

2 6

1 Cullender

6 8

15 3½

1 18 4

Bettellees 10 pieces

7 6

Kersey 5 Yards

Carried over £ 402 9 8

This leaf falls earlier in the same account than the two already given, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent running from the £294 12s 6d carried over through the soap, shirts, cloth, brazier's ware and pewter classes to the £402 9s 8d carried forward.

Brought over, £294 12s 6d

Soap, 648 lb, £17 11s 0d

Shirts, £19 1s 4d

6 soldiers' shirts, £1 7s 6d

11 pieces linen, £17 13s 10d

Serges, £39 12s 11d

108 yards serge, £27 0s 0d

21.75 yards duffel, £7 19s 6d

9.5 yards scarlet duffel, £4 13s 5d

Broad cloth, 10.5 yards, £9 8s 8.5d

Shalloon, 100 yards, £10 8s 4d

Garlix, 12 yards, £1 0s 0d

Buckram, £4 13s 3d

21 yards buckram, £0 18s 6d

116.5 yards osnaburg, £3 11s 4.5d

3 pieces hair cloths, £0 3s 6d

Brazier's ware, £3 0s 6d

1 tea kettle, £0 19s 5d

2 pairs candlesticks, £0 12s 10d

1 ladle, £0 2s 5d

1 skimmer, £0 6s 7d

1 coffee pot, £0 7s 9d

3 saucepans, £0 11s 6d

Pewter, £0 15s 3.5d

3 basins, £0 6s 1.5d

1 quart funnel, £0 2s 6d

1 colander, £0 6s 8d

Bettellees, 10 pieces, £1 18s 4d

Kersey, 5 yards, £0 7s 6d

Carried over, £402 9s 8d

Interpretations

The cloth classes on this leaf mark the whole range the store carried for a settlement that wove nothing of its own. Serge, duffel, shalloon, broad cloth and kersey were English woollens graded from the fine scarlet duffel down to the coarse warm kersey worked into soldiers' breeches; garlix was a plain German linen, osnaburg the coarsest linen for sacking and slaves' clothing, buckram a stiffened cloth for facings and linings, and hair cloth a stiff haircloth used in tailoring and for straining. The store held every weight and grade so that the garrison and its households could make up a coat, a shirt or a working garment as the need arose.

Bettellees, more usually beteillas, were a fine white muslin from the Coromandel coast, one of the light Indian cottons the Company brought west and retailed on the island alongside its English woollens and linens. Their appearance here in a servants' account shows that even the garrison could buy into the eastern textile trade at the low graded markup, the fine India cloth carried the same passage as the coarse osnaburg and sold from the same shelves.

242

238

16 October

Brought over £ 402 9 8

Cutlery Ware Vizt

5 Butchers Knives

1 7

8 pr Shoe Buckles

4 4

227 pr Knee Do

5 13 6

227 pr Leather Garters

5 4 3

16 Ivory Combs

19

41 Horn Do

5 11½

12 8 5

Beef & Pork Vizt

244 pr Beef Ct 2

24 8

5 Do Do 3/2

1 4 4

464 pr Pork 2

93 8

80 pr Do 2/2

9 0 4

130 6 8

Candles 2 Ct

19 11 6

Thread Vizt

27 Whited Brown

7 1 9

17 Coloured

3 2 4

60 Do Neons

14 10

10 18 11

Flannel 21 Yards

1 11 6

Salt 10¼ Bushel

2 11 5½

Haberdashery Ware Vizt

1½ Groce Stay Laces

11

25 Dozn M C Buttons

10 8

48 Dozn M B Do

16

17½ Do C Ct Do

19 8

10½ Do C B Do

9 3½

63 Skains Mohair

1 3 7½

31 Skains Silk

1 17 1½

18 Dozn W W Buttons

5 4½

4 pr Filett Tape

2 10

3 Dozn W Metal Ct Buttons

1 8½

6 13 2½

Carried over £ 586 11 4

The account carried over from the previous page at £402 9s 8d, and the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent continued through the cutlery, provisions, candles, thread, flannel, salt and haberdashery classes.

Brought over, £402 9s 8d

Cutlery ware, £12 8s 5d

5 butchers' knives, £0 1s 7d

8 pairs shoe buckles, £0 4s 4d

227 pairs knee buckles, £5 13s 0d

227 pairs leather garters, £5 4s 3d

16 ivory combs, £0 19s 0d

41 horn combs, £0 5s 11.5d

Beef and pork, £130 6s 8d

244 lb beef at 2d, £2 4s [...]

5 lb beef at 3.5d, £1 4s 4d

464 lb pork at 5d, £9 3s 8d

80 lb pork at 2.5d, £9 0s 4d

Candles, £19 11s 1d

Thread, £10 18s 11d

27 lb white and brown, £7 1s 9d

17 lb coloured, £3 2s 4d

60 ounces nuns, £0 14s 10d

Flannel, 21 yards, £1 11s 6d

Salt, 16.25 bushels, £2 11s 3.5d

Haberdashery ware, £0 13s 2.5d

1.5 gross stay laces, £0 0s 11d

25 dozen metal buttons, £0 16s 8d

48 dozen mohair buttons, £0 1s 0d

17.5 dozen gilt coat buttons, £0 19s 8d

10.5 dozen gilt breast buttons, £0 19s 2d

63 skeins mohair, £0 9s 3.5d

31 skeins silk, £1 17s 1.5d

18 dozen white waistcoat buttons, £0 5s 4.5d

4 pieces holland tape, £0 2s 10d

3 dozen white metal coat buttons, £0 1s 8.5d

Carried over, £586 11s 4d

Interpretations

The haberdashery class shows how thoroughly the store dressed the establishment down to the last fastening. The line ran through stay laces, mohair and gilt buttons for coats and waistcoats, skeins of silk and mohair, holland tape and metal buttons in graded sizes, the small mercery a garrison and its households needed to make and mend their own clothes on an island where nothing was manufactured. Gilt buttons for the coat and breast were the dearer sort, plain white metal and mohair buttons the cheap workaday kind, and the store carried the whole range so that a servant could match the button to the garment and the purse.

Nuns' thread, entered here by the ounce, was a fine white sewing thread of the best quality, wound and sold in small measures against the coarser white, brown and coloured threads bought by the pound. Its separate line at a higher rate marks it as the thread reserved for fine work rather than the plain stitching and mending the bulk of the class supplied.

The two grades of beef and pork sold by the pound, at twopence and threepence-halfpenny for the beef and fivepence and twopence-halfpenny for the pork, were salted provision drawn from the store rather than fresh meat off the Company's herds, which went through the market. The double pricing on each meat probably separated a better cut or a fresher cask from the older or coarser, the store passing on salt provision to its servants at the low graded markup while the island's own beef fed the shipping and the table.

243

239

1749

Brought over £ 586 11 4

Chelloes 49 pieces

23 2 3

Cordage 5 Ct ½

8 3 9

Vinegar 7 Gallons

15 2

Hair Powder 7 lb

4 6½

Oil Vizt

8½ Gallons Linseed

1 11 1½

11 Bottles Florence

1 13 11

10¾ Gallons Train

1 12 3

4 17 3½

Oars 14

3 6 6

Pepper 5 lb

2 10

Pitch &ca Vizt

4½ Pitch

6 8

11½ Gallons Tar

8 7½

8 Rosin

1 8

9½ Turpentine

13 5

1 10 4½

Earthen Ware 13 Milk pans

10 6½

Ling Cloth Vizt

5 pr Fine

22 5

15 pr Coarse

14 5

36 11

Corks Vizt

1¾ Gross Corks

19 8½

½ Sheet Cork

2

19 10½

China Ware Vizt

20 Bowls

15

6 En Cups & Saucers

2 4

27 Chuckers

9

2 Sett Dishes & plates

1 9 4

12 Soup plates

3 6

30 Nogns Cups & Saucers

6 10½

18 half pint Cups & 6 Do

8 4

Chinaware Carried over £ 3 16 9½

Carried over £ 668 14 5½

The account carried over at £586 11s 4d, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent running on through the chelloes, cordage, oils, ship's stores, earthenware, cloth, corks and china ware to the £668 14s 5.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £586 11s 4d

Chelloes, 49 pieces, £23 2s 3d

Cordage, 56 lb, £0 8s 3d

Vinegar, 7 gallons, £0 15s 2d

Hair powder, 7 lb, £0 4s 6.5d

Oil, £4 17s 5.5d

8.5 gallons linseed, £1 11s 11d

11 bottles florence, £1 13s 11d

10.75 gallons train, £1 12s 3d

Oars, 14, £3 0s 6d

Pepper, 5 lb, £0 2s 10d

Pitch, £1 10s 4.5d

46 lb pitch, £0 6s 8d

11.5 gallons tar, £0 8s 7.5d

8 lb rosin, £0 1s 8d

9.5 lb turpentine, £0 13s 5d

Earthen ware, 13 milk pans, £0 10s 6d

Lining cloth, £3 6s 11d

5 pieces fine, 22 yards, £3 [...]

15 pieces coarse, 14 yards, £3 [...]

Corks, £0 19s 10.5d

1.75 gross corks, £0 19s 8.5d

0.5 chest cork, £0 0s 2d

China ware, £3 16s 9.5d

20 bowls, £0 15s 0d

6 enamelled cups and saucers, £0 2s 4d

27 muchers, £1 9s 4d

2 soup dishes and plates, £0 3s 6d

12 soup plates, £0 6s 10.5d

30 nogging cups and saucers, £0 8s 4d

18 half-pint cups and 6 dishes, £0 16s 9.5d

Carried over, £668 14s 5.5d

Interpretations

The ship's stores gathered on this leaf show the store keeping a chandler's stock as much as a general shop. Pitch, tar, rosin and turpentine were the naval stores for paying seams and preserving timber and cordage, train oil was whale or fish oil for lamps and coarse work, linseed oil for paint and florence oil the fine olive oil for the table, and the oars, cordage and corks answered the boats that were the island's only link to every ship in the road. The store supplied both the garrison's household wants and the tackle of a harbourless station where everything came and went by open boat.

Chelloes were a checked or striped cotton of the eastern trade sold by the piece, and their heavy line of £23 2s 3d for forty-nine pieces made them the single dearest item on the leaf, the India cloth again outselling the English goods among the servants who bought it. Nogging or noggin cups were small drinking cups holding about a gill, and muchers, more usually mutchkins, were measures of roughly a pint, the china ware class running from bowls and soup plates down to the small drinking vessels a household needed.

244

240

16 October

Brought over £ 668 14 5½

China Ware Brought over £ 3 16 9½

4 Meat plates

1 2

21 Tea Pots

8 9

4 6 7

Deals Vizt

6 Wainscott Boards

1 8 6

5 Single Deals

9 2

1 Fir plank

18 6

2 16 2

Paint Vizt

7 White Lead

5½

41 Do Indian

3 10 1

7½ Blue Smalts

3 2

4 Whiting

2

2 Casks Blacking

17

4 18 5½

Iron Pots 20

3 13 2½

Twine Vizt

4½ Fine Twine

12 8

12½ Coarse Do

10 5

1 3 1

Canvas 1 pr 9¾ Yards Sacking

1 16 9

Muslin 1 piece

9 10

Nails 70 Sorted

1 4 6

Leather 4 pr

8 5

Lead Vizt

6 Pigg Lead

1 1½

4 Small Shot

1 6

2 7½

Hats 8 Mens

7 14 8

Carried over £ 698 3

The account carried over at £668 14s 5.5d, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent completing the china ware class and running on through the deals, paint, iron tools, twine, canvas, nails, lead and hats to the £698 3s carried forward.

Brought over, £668 14s 5.5d

China ware brought over, £3 16s 9.5d

4 meat plates, £0 1s [...]

21 tea pots, £0 8s 9d

Deals, £4 6s 7d

6 wainscot boards, £1 8s 6d

5 single deals, £0 9s 2d

1 elm plank, £0 18s 6d

Paint, £2 16s 2d

7 lb white lead, £0 0s 5.5d

41 lb Indian red, £3 16s 1d

2.5 lb blue smalts, £0 3s 2d

4 lb whiting, £0 0s [...]

2 casks bleaching, £0 17s 0d

Iron tools, 20, £4 18s 5.5d

Twine, £3 3s 2.5d

4.5 lb fine twine, £0 12s 8d

12.5 lb coarse twine, £0 10s 5d

Canvas, 1 piece and 9.75 yards sacking, £1 3s 1d

Muslin, 1 piece, £1 16s 9d

Nails, 70 sorted, £0 9s 10d

Leather, £1 4s 6d

Lead, £0 8s 5d

6 lb pig lead, £0 1s 1.5d

4 lb small shot, £0 1s 6d

Hats, 8 men's, £2 7s 0.5d

Carried over, £698 3s 0d

Interpretations

The building and trade materials on this leaf show the store furnishing the timber, paint and hardware a settlement with no forest and no manufacture had to import to the last nail. Wainscot boards, single deals and an elm plank were sawn timber shipped from England or the Baltic, deals being the standard softwood boards of the building trade; white lead, Indian red and blue smalts were the pigments ground into paint, whiting a chalk for whitewash and filler, and the sorted nails, iron tools and leather the ordinary stock of a joiner's and smith's supply. Every board and pot of colour had crossed the ocean, the island unable to raise so much as a plank for itself.

Blue smalts were a powdered blue glass coloured with cobalt, used both as a pigment and as a laundry blue, and Indian red an earthy iron-oxide pigment, the two dearest lines of the paint class at prices well above the common white lead and whiting. Their presence marks the store carrying the finer colours for painted work and not merely the plain white for weatherproofing, the small trade of a settlement that still wanted its houses and boats kept up against the sea air.

245

241

1749

Brought over £ 698 3

Hooks & Lines Vizt

20 Gross Hooks

£ 2 19 3

10 pr Blue Do

3 4

31 Dozn pr Lines Sorted

6 16 10

4 Damaged

2 10

10 2 3

Tin Ware Vizt

22 Lamps

1 2

34 Saucepans

18 10

2 Dripping pans

9 11

6 Lanthorns

1 3 2

1 Glass Lanthorn

9 3

4 1 4

Shoes Vizt

16 pr Mens fine Shoes

5 8

40 pr 2d Coe pr Do

8 12 4

13 pr Pumps

4 15 4

18 16 8

Hosiers Ware Vizt

40 pr Mens Worst Stockings

7 13 4

19 pr Do Knit Do

2 18 7

1 pr Do Silk Do

14 1

2 pr Cotton

4

11 pr Threed

1 10 3

13 9

Sailors Cloths Vizt

6 Boys Jackets & Breeches

2 16 3

3 Do Shirts

9 3

2 Mens Do

8 4

3 13 10

Rice 35 Ct

3 1½

Carried over £ 747 18 2½

The account carried over at £698 3s, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent running on through the hooks and lines, tin ware, shoes, hosiery, sailors' clothes and rice to the £747 18s 2.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £698 3s 0d

Hooks and lines, £10 2s 5d

20 gross hooks, £2 19s 3d

10 gross blue hooks, £0 3s 4d

31 dozen lines sorted, £6 16s 10d

4 damaged, £0 2s 10d

Tin ware, £4 1s 4d

22 lamps, £1 0s 2d

34 saucepans, £0 18s 10d

2 dripping pans, £0 9s 11d

6 lanterns, £1 3s 2d

1 glass lantern, £0 9s 3d

Shoes, £18 16s 8d

16 pairs men's fine shoes, £5 8s 0d

40 pairs men's coarse shoes, £8 13s 4d

13 pairs pumps, £4 15s 4d

Hosiery ware, £13 0s 9d

40 pairs men's worsted stockings, £7 13s 4d

19 pairs knit stockings, £2 18s 7d

1 pair silk stockings, £0 14s 1d

2 pairs cotton stockings, £0 4s 0d

11 pairs thread stockings, £1 10s 3d

Sailors' clothes, £3 13s 10d

6 boys' jackets and breeches, £2 16s 3d

3 boys' shirts, £0 9s 3d

2 men's shirts, £0 8s 4d

Rice, 35 lb, £0 3s 1.5d

Carried over, £747 18s 2.5d

Interpretations

The fishing tackle heading the leaf was a staple line rather than a luxury, since fish were a chief part of the island's diet and the shortage of them a recurring hardship, so that hooks by the gross and sorted lines by the dozen kept a steady place in the store. The blue hooks were a cheaper japanned or coloured sort set against the plain, and even the four damaged were carried at a reduced price rather than written off, the store passing on every usable thing to the men who fished the road.

The footwear and hosiery graded finely by quality and purse. Fine and coarse men's shoes and pumps ran alongside worsted, knit, silk, cotton and thread stockings, the single pair of silk stockings the dearest by the pair and the cotton the cheapest, the store dressing the servant's leg and foot from the plainest working shoe to the one fine pair a man might keep for show. The sailors' clothes of ready-made jackets, breeches and shirts for men and boys mark the store also supplying finished slops, the cheap made-up clothing the sea trade ran on, to those who would not or could not make their own.

246

242

16 October

Brought over £ 747 18 2½

Glaziers Ware Vizt

243 Sqr Glass 8 by 10

12 11 2

18 Sqr Do 6 by 8

1 6

36 Wine Glasses

18

2 Wine & Water Glasses

2 2

3 Decanters

7 8½

1 Tumbler

6

14 6 11

Ironmongers Ware Vizt

2 Chissels

1 1½

5 Pickaxes

12 1

3 pr Sheep Sheers

4 3

1 Jack Plain

2 1

1 Grafting Saw

3 2

13 Iron & Heaters

9 2

1 Hammer

1 1½

5 Garden Hoes & Helves

8 5

11 Hand Hatchets

1 2

13 Stock Locks

1 3 10

4 pr Bellows

17

3 Files

2 6

1 Frying Pan

1 10

4 Scyth Stones

9

2 Iron Shovels

3 4

1 Bill Hook

2 6

5 Chafing Dishes

1 10 3

1 Loping Axe

2 7

5 pr Steelyards

2 2 11

8 Cupboard Locks

1 2 2

12 Ounces Brass Wire

2 1

3 File Knifes

3

10 13 6

Carried over £ 772 18 8

The account carried over at £747 18s 2.5d, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent running on through the glazier's ware and the ironmonger's ware to the £772 18s 8d carried forward.

Brought over, £747 18s 2.5d

Glazier's ware, £14 0s 11d

243 square feet glass, 8 by 10, £12 11s 2d

18 square feet glass, 6 by 8, £0 1s 6d

36 wine glasses, £0 18s 0d

2 wine and water glasses, £0 2s 2d

3 decanters, £0 7s 8.5d

1 tumbler, £0 0s 6d

Ironmonger's ware, £10 13s 6d

2 chisels, £0 1s 1.5d

5 pickaxes, £0 12s 1d

3 pairs sheep shears, £0 4s 3d

1 jack plane, £0 2s 1d

1 grafting saw, £0 3s 3.5d

13 box iron heaters, £0 9s 2d

1 hammer, £0 1s 1.5d

5 garden hoes and helves, £0 8s 5d

11 handled hatchets, £1 0s 2d

13 stock locks, £1 3s 10d

4 pairs bellows, £0 17s 0d

3 files, £0 2s 6d

1 frying pan, £0 1s 10d

4 scythe stones, £0 0s 9d

2 fire shovels, £0 3s 0d

1 bill hook, £0 2s 6d

5 chafing dishes, £1 10s 3d

1 loping axe, £0 2s 7d

5 pairs steelyards, £2 2s 11d

8 cupboard locks, £1 2s 2d

12 ounces brass wire, £0 2s 1d

3 tile dishes, £0 2s 3d

Carried over, £772 18s 8d

Interpretations

The glazier's ware turned chiefly on window glass, the 243 square feet of eight-by-ten panes at £12 11s 2d dwarfing every other line and making it the dearest single item in the whole servants' account. Window glass was cut to standard pane sizes and sold by the square foot for glazing houses, the store keeping both the larger and the smaller cut so that a broken casement could be made good, the drinking glasses, decanters and tumbler a small sideline of table ware beside the building glass.

The ironmonger's ware ran the full range of edge tools, locks and household iron a settlement needed to build, farm and keep house without a manufacture of its own. Stock locks and cupboard locks, pickaxes, hoes, hatchets, saws and a bill hook served the works and the plantations, while box iron heaters, chafing dishes, a frying pan and steelyards furnished the kitchen and the counting of weight. The steelyards, a balance for weighing goods by a sliding counterpoise, were the dearest tool at £2 2s 11d for five pairs, the instrument by which the store and the households alike checked the weights they bought and sold.

247

243

1749

Brought over £ 772 18 8

Turners Ware Vizt

4 Scrubing Brushes

£ 6

3 Hunch Ladles

1 10½

1 Birch Broom

6

5 Hair Brooms

10 5

4 Platters

4 2

3 Paint Brushes

1 4½

4 Shoe Brushes

2 7

2 Cloth Brushes

2 5

1 9 4

Beer Vizt

5 Hhds Strong

15 15 5

8 Hhds Small

16

31 15 5

Wine Vizt

8 Dozen Madeira

10 12

16½ Dozen Port

16 10

22 Dozen Lisbon

22

49 2

£ 855 5 5

Sold to the planters at 25 Ct Cent

Shoes Vizt

32 pr Womens Callimanco

4 14 8

19 pr Do Spanish

5 6 10½

30 pr Do Calf

5 5

1 pr Mens Ordy

4 11

2 pr Do fine

15 6

21 pr Do Boys

4 12 9

26 pr Do Girls

3 3

29 4 8½

Carried over £ 29 4 8½

The account carried over at £772 18s 8d, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent closing with the turner's ware, beer and wine at a total of £855 5s 5d. A fresh class then opened, the goods sold to the planters at 25 per cent beginning with the shoes.

Brought over, £772 18s 8d

Turner's ware, £1 9s 4d

4 scrubbing brushes, £0 0s 6d

3 punch ladles, £0 1s 10.5d

1 birch broom, £0 0s 6d

5 hair brooms, £0 10s 5d

4 platters, £0 4s 2d

3 paint brushes, £0 1s 4.5d

4 shoe brushes, £0 2s 7d

2 clothes brushes, £0 2s 5d

Beer, £31 15s 5d

5 hogsheads strong, £15 15s 5d

8 hogsheads small, £16 0s 0d

Wine, £49 2s 0d

8 dozen madeira, £10 12s 0d

16.5 dozen port, £16 10s 0d

22 dozen lisbon, £22 0s 0d

Total, £855 5s 5d

The goods sold to the planters at 25 per cent above the invoice price opened with the shoes.

Shoes, £29 4s 8.5d

32 pairs women's calamanco, £4 14s 8d

19 pairs women's spanish, £5 6s 10.5d

30 pairs women's calf, £5 5s 0d

1 pair men's ordinary, £0 4s 11d

2 pairs women's fine, £0 15s 6d

21 pairs boys', £4 12s 9d

26 pairs girls', £3 3s 0d

Carried over, £29 4s 8.5d

Interpretations

The close of the servants' account on wine and beer marked the strong drink as the heaviest luxury the garrison bought, the £49 in madeira, port and lisbon by the dozen and £31 in strong and small beer by the hogshead together making up near a tenth of the whole class. Small beer was the weak everyday drink taken in place of water, strong beer the better sort, and the three wines the ordinary imports of the Atlantic trade, madeira and the Portuguese lisbon and port carried out by every homeward ship, the store retailing to its own people the drink that stood at the centre of the island's table.

The shift to the planters at 25 per cent shows the graded pricing the whole collection ran on, the free inhabitants charged more than double the servants' 10 per cent on the same shelves. Their account opened with women's, children's and men's shoes in calamanco, a glazed worsted, in Spanish leather and in calf, the store dressing the planters' households and their wives and children in a way the plain servants' shoe account had not, the finer women's footwear marking the different custom of a settled family rather than a garrison.

248

244

16 October

Brought over £ 29 4 8½

Hats Vizt

1 Mans

£ 1 2

5 Boys

1 14 4½

2 16 4½

Hosiers Ware Vizt

19 pr Mens Worst Stockings

4 2 4

8 pr Mens Knit

1 4 8

22 pr Womens

4 8

25 pr Boys

2 17 6

31 pr Girls

4 2 8

16 15 2

Flannel 11 Yards

14 5

Serges &ca Vizt

18½ Yard Duffel

7 13 2½

73½ Yards Serge

20 14 10

2 pr Sagathy

4 9 8

32 19 8½

Broad Cloth 26 Yards

16 18 11½

Shalloon 49½ Yards

5 14 11

Chelloes 43 pr

23 18

Muslin 2 pcs

1 2 3

Long Cloth 1 pr fine

3 1

Buckram 9 Yards

9

Garlix 3 Yards

5 4½

137 8 9½

Sold at 40 Ct Cent

Brandy 39¼ Gallons

11 15 6

Sugar & Candy Vizt

241 Sugar

5 1 8

451 Candy

12 4 3½

17 5 11½

Carried over £ 166 10 3

The account carried over at £29 4s 8.5d, the sale to the planters at 25 per cent running on through the hats, hosiery and cloth classes to a total of £137 8s 9.5d. A fresh class then opened, the goods sold at 40 per cent beginning with the brandy, sugar and candy.

Brought over, £29 4s 8.5d

Hats, £2 16s 4.5d

19 men's, £1 2s 0d

5 boys', £1 14s 4.5d

Hosiery ware, £16 15s 2d

19 pairs men's worsted stockings, £4 2s 4d

8 pairs men's knit, £1 4s 8d

22 pairs women's, £4 8s 0d

23 pairs boys', £2 17s 6d

31 pairs girls', £4 2s 8d

Flannel, 11 yards, £0 19s 5d

Serges, £32 19s 8.5d

18.5 yards duffel, £7 13s 2.5d

73.5 yards serge, £20 14s 10d

2 pieces tagathy, £4 9s 8d

Broad cloth, 16.75 yards, £16 18s 11.5d

Shalloon, 49.5 yards, £5 14s 11d

Chelloes, 43 pieces, £23 1s 8d

Muslin, 2 pieces, £1 2s 3d

Long cloth, 1 piece fine, £3 1s 0d

Buckram, 9 yards, £0 9s 0d

Garlix, 3 yards, £0 5s 1.5d

Total, £137 8s 9.5d

The goods sold at 40 per cent above the invoice price opened with the brandy, sugar and candy.

Brandy, 39.25 gallons, £11 15s 6d

Sugar and candy, £17 5s 11.5d

244 lb sugar, £5 1s 8d

457 lb candy, £12 4s 3.5d

Carried over, £156 10s 3d

Interpretations

The planters' cloth account carried the finer stuffs their households ran to, tagathy among them, a striped or mixed silk-and-cotton of the eastern trade sold by the piece, set beside the English serges, duffel, shalloon and broad cloth and the India chelloes, muslin and long cloth. The heavy chelloes line of £23 for forty-three pieces again made the checked cotton the dearest single item, the planters buying the India cloth by the piece for their families much as the servants had, the store passing on the whole range from coarse buckram to fine long cloth at the planters' higher rate.

The opening of a separate 40 per cent class marks the sharpest of the graded markups the collection worked by, reserved for the drink and groceries. Brandy, sugar and candy led it, the same goods the servants had bought near cost now charged at forty above the invoice, the planters paying the steepest margin on the very things most in demand. The graduation from the servants' ten through the planters' twenty-five on cloth to forty on drink shows the Company pricing by both the class of buyer and the kind of good, taxing the free inhabitants' appetite for spirits and sweets while supplying its own servants their necessaries cheaply.

249

245

1749

Brought over £ 166 10 3

Bread & Flour Vizt

341 Bread

£ 3 11 2

515 Flour

5 7 3½

8 18 4

Soap 1 Ct 85

6 11 2

Tea Vizt

20 Single

1 15

4 Bohea

5 4

202 Congo

23 2 4

25 2 8

Pork 3 pieces

8 3

Thread Vizt

13 Whited Brown

5 11 7

11 Coloured

2 11 4

3 Ct Neons

9 5

8 12 4

Paint Vizt

12½ Indico

1 8 7

1 pr Whiting

2 10

2 pr Blue Smalts

7

11 Venetian Red

2 8½

1 14 8½

Twine Vizt

4½ Fine

1 4½

7½ Coarse

1 4½

8 9

Osenbrigs 89 Yards

3 14 2

Cordage 189

3 10 10½

Candles 30

2 17 6

Carried over £ 228 8 10½

The account carried over at £156 10s 3d, the sale to the planters at 40 per cent running on through the bread and flour, soap, tea, pork, thread, paint, twine, osnaburg, cordage and candles to the £228 8s 10.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £156 10s 3d

Bread and flour, £8 18s 4d

341 lb bread, £3 11s 0.5d

515 lb flour, £5 7s 3.5d

Soap, 185 lb, £6 11s 0.5d

Tea, £25 2s 8d

20 lb single, £1 15s 0d

4 lb bohea, £0 5s 4d

202 lb congou, £23 2s 4d

Pork, 3 pieces, £0 8s 3d

Thread, £8 12s 4d

13 lb white and brown, £5 11s 7d

11 lb coloured, £2 11s 4d

3 ounces nuns, £0 9s 5d

Paint, £1 14s 8.5d

12.5 lb indigo, £1 8s 7d

1.5 lb whiting, £0 2s 10d

2.5 lb blue smalts, £0 1s 7d

11 lb venetian red, £0 2s 8.5d

Twine, £0 8s 9d

4.5 lb fine, £0 1s 1.5d

7.5 lb coarse, £0 1s 1.5d

Osnaburg, 89 yards, £3 14s 2d

Cordage, 189 lb, £3 10s 10.5d

Candles, 30 lb, £2 17s 6d

Carried over, £228 8s 10.5d

Interpretations

The tea class again turned almost wholly on congou, the 202 lb at £23 2s 4d dwarfing the small quantities of single and bohea and making it far the heaviest line on the leaf. The planters bought the black tea by the pound at their 40 per cent rate, the same steep margin the drink and groceries carried, the store retailing the China leaf to the free households as one of the settled luxuries a planter's family ran to alongside the sugar and candy of the previous page.

The paint here ran to the cheaper colours a planter used about his own house and boat, indigo the dearest at £1 8s 7d, then whiting for whitewash, blue smalts for a laundry blue or a wash tint and venetian red the common earthy red for coarse work, none of them the finer pigments. Osnaburg, the coarse German linen for sacking and slaves' clothing, and the cordage and candles beside it mark the class as much a supply of working materials as of household goods, the planters drawing on the store for the plain stuff of their plantations at the same high rate they paid for their tea.

250

246

16 October

Brought over £ 228 8 10½

Hooks & Lines Vizt

10 Gross Hooks Sorted

£ 1 17 4

4 pr Blue Hooks

1 8

28 dozn Lines

7 4 8½

6 Legg Lines

7

10 8½

Tin Ware Vizt

18 Saucepans

12 5

7 Lamps

8 2

4 Lanthorns

1 6

2 1 1

Pewter Vizt

12 Basons

1 11

1 Chamber pot

4 4

1 15 4

Salt 3¼ Bushels

13 3½

Oars 2

12 2

China Ware Vizt

4 Sneekers

1 8

17 Teapot

8 6

6 Nogging Cups & Saucers

1 9

3 Bowls

7

2 Dishes & 12 plates

9 4

3 Soup Dishes

1 10

5 4 3

Ironmongers Ware Vizt

6 Hand Hatchets

14

1 Chafing Dish

7 9

4 Dozn Wood Screws

4

1 Padlock

2 7

1 Garden Hoe

2 2

1 10 6

Carried over £ 248 6 2½

The account carried over at £228 8s 10.5d, the sale to the planters at 40 per cent running on through the hooks and lines, tin ware, pewter, salt, oars, china ware and ironmonger's ware to the £248 6s 2.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £228 8s 10.5d

Hooks and lines, £10 0s 8.5d

10 gross hooks sorted, £1 17s 4d

4 gross blue hooks, £0 1s 8d

28 dozen lines, £7 14s 8.5d

6 leg lines, £0 7s 0d

Tin ware, £2 1s 1d

18 saucepans, £0 12s 5d

7 lamps, £0 8s 2d

4 lanterns, £1 0s 6d

Pewter, £1 15s 6d

12 basins, £1 11s 0d

1 chamber pot, £0 4s 4d

Salt, 3.75 bushels, £0 13s 3.5d

Oars, 2, £0 12s 2d

China ware, £3 4s 3d

4 sneakers, £0 1s 8d

17 tea pots, £0 8s 6d

6 nogging cups and saucers, £0 1s 9d

3 bowls, £0 7s 0d

2 dishes and 12 plates, £0 9s 4d

3 soup dishes, £1 16s 0d

Ironmonger's ware, £1 10s 6d

6 hand hatchets, £0 14s 0d

1 chafing dish, £0 7s 9d

4 dozen wood screws, £0 4s 0d

1 padlock, £0 2s 7d

1 garden hoe, £0 2s 2d

Carried over, £248 6s 2.5d

Interpretations

The fishing tackle again headed the planters' leaf as it had the servants', hooks by the gross and lines by the dozen bought at the 40 per cent rate, with leg lines a heavier sort weighted to fish deeper. Fish were a mainstay of the island's diet and the tackle a standing want, so that the store kept a full stock of sorted and blue hooks and every grade of line for the households that fished the road to fill out their tables.

The sneakers among the china ware were small drinking cups or bowls, entered here beside the nogging cups, tea pots and soup dishes that made up the ordinary earthenware of a planter's table. The whole class ran to the modest ware a settled family used day to day, the store retailing the China and English pottery by the piece so that a broken bowl or dish could be replaced, the small comforts of the household carried the same passage as the working iron and fishing gear alongside them.

251

247

1749

Brought over £ 248 6 2½

Haberdashery Ware Vizt

33 Dozn M Ct Buttons

£ 1 7 6

29½ Dozn M Bt Do

12 3½

39 Skains Silk

1 14 3

66 Skains Mohair

1 13

6 Dozen Shirt Buttons

1 1½

1½ Dozen Ct Bt Do

1 1

5 9 5

Nails 33 Sorted

16 2

Braziers Ware Vizt

1 pr Candlesticks

8 2

3 Ladles

9 4½

17 6½

Combs Vizt

13 Ivory

19 1½

9 Horn

1 6

1 7½

Iron Pots 3

15 1

Oil Vizt

1 Bottle Florence

3 11

1½ Gallons Train

3 9

½ Gallon Linseed

2 5

12 1

Tar 3¼ Gallons

5 3

Turners Ware Vizt

12 Wood Bowls

16

1 Hair Broom

2 8

1 Paint Brush

10

19 6

Vinegar ½ Gallon

1 5

Deals 13 Single

1 11 5

Carried over £ 260 12 8½

The account carried over at £248 6s 2.5d, the sale to the planters at 40 per cent running on through the haberdashery ware, nails, brazier's ware, combs, iron pots, oil, tar, turner's ware, vinegar and deals to the £260 12s 8.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £248 6s 2.5d

Haberdashery ware, £5 9s 5d

33 dozen metal coat buttons, £1 7s 6d

29.5 dozen metal breast buttons, £0 12s 3.5d

59 skeins silk, £1 14s 3d

66 skeins mohair, £1 13s 0d

6 dozen shirt buttons, £0 1s 1.5d

1.5 dozen gilt breast buttons, £0 1s 1d

Nails, 33 sorted, £0 16s 2d

Brazier's ware, £0 17s 6.5d

1 pair candlesticks, £0 8s 2d

3 ladles, £0 9s 4.5d

Combs, £1 0s 7.5d

13 ivory, £0 19s 1.5d

9 horn, £0 1s 6d

Iron pots, 3, £0 15s 1d

Oil, £0 12s 1d

1 bottle florence, £0 3s 11d

1.5 gallons train, £0 3s 9d

0.5 gallon linseed, £0 2s 5d

Tar, 3.75 gallons, £0 5s 3d

Turner's ware, £0 19s 6d

12 wooden bowls, £0 16s 0d

1 hair broom, £0 2s 8d

1 paint brush, £0 0s 10d

Vinegar, 0.5 gallon, £0 1s 5d

Deals, 13 single, £1 11s 5d

Carried over, £260 12s 8.5d

Interpretations

The haberdashery on this leaf shows the planters buying the same small mercery the servants had, coat and breast buttons in metal and gilt, shirt buttons, and skeins of silk and mohair for sewing and trimming, all at the 40 per cent rate. These were the fastenings and threads a household needed to make and mend its own clothes, the store carrying the whole graded range so that a garment could be finished to the wearer's purse, the dearer gilt buttons and silk against the plain metal and mohair.

The florence and train oils marked the two ends of the oil trade the store kept, florence the fine olive oil imported in bottles for the table and train the coarse fish or whale oil sold by the gallon for lamps and rough work, with linseed for paint beside them. Their small quantities here, a single bottle and a gallon and a half, show the planter drawing modestly on the store for what his own plantation could not furnish, the imported oils bought by the bottle and the pint rather than laid in by the cask as the shipping took them.

252

248

16 October

Brought over £ 260 12 8½

Glaziers Ware Vizt

6 Wine Glasses

£ 4

4 Squares Glass 12 by 12

2

2 Tumblers

1 4

2 Wine & Water Glasses

2 10

12 4

Canvas 4 Yards Sacking

5 8

Corks ½ Sheet Cork

9½

Rice 7 Ct

9

Shoes Vizt

2 pr Mens fine

17 4

1 pr Womens Spanish

6

1 3 4

Hosiers Ware Vizt

28 pr Mens Knit Stockings

5 9 8

3 pr Mens Wove Do

13 6

5 pr Womens

8 10

6 12

£ 269 7 1

Sold to the Companys Ships

Tar 4 Barrels

8

Bread & Flour Vizt

32 Ct Bread

37 6 8

15 Flour

17 10

54 16 8

Salt 4 Bushels

16 4

Turners Ware Vizt

4 Scrubing Brushes

7 8

2 Paint Brushes

1 2

8 10

Carried over £ 64 1 10

The account carried over at £260 12s 8.5d, the sale to the planters at 40 per cent closing with the glazier's ware, canvas, corks, rice, shoes and hosiery at a total of £269 7s 1d. A fresh class then opened, the goods sold to the Company's ships beginning with the tar.

Brought over, £260 12s 8.5d

Glazier's ware, £0 12s 4d

6 wine glasses, £0 4s 0d

4 squares glass, 12 by 12, £0 4s 2d

2 tumblers, £0 1s 4d

2 wine and water glasses, £0 2s 10d

Canvas, 4 yards sacking, £0 5s 8d

Corks, 0.5 sheet cork, £0 0s 9.5d

Rice, 7 lb, £0 0s 9d

Shoes, £1 3s 4d

2 pairs men's fine, £0 17s 4d

1 pair women's spanish, £0 6s 0d

Hosiery ware, £6 12s 0d

28 pairs men's knit stockings, £5 9s 8d

3 pairs men's worsted, £0 13s 6d

5 pairs women's, £0 8s 10d

Total, £269 7s 1d

The goods sold to the Company's ships opened with the tar and bread and flour.

Tar, 4 barrels, £8 0s 0d

Bread and flour, £54 16s 8d

532 lb bread, £37 6s 8d

15 lb flour, £17 10s 0d

Salt, 4 bushels, £0 16s 4d

Turner's ware, £0 8s 10d

4 scrubbing brushes, £0 7s 8d

2 paint brushes, £0 1s 2d

Carried over, £64 1s 10d

Interpretations

The close of the planters' account and the opening of the ships' supply mark the shift from retail to victualling, the free inhabitants' small purchases of glass, shoes and stockings giving way at once to tar by the barrel and bread by the hundredweight for the shipping. The Company's own ships were furnished at cost rather than at any markup, the store passing on the naval and provision stores the homeward voyage needed without the profit charged to servant and planter, the same shelves serving both the household and the sea.

The bread and flour figures cannot be reconciled as they stand, the fifteen pounds of flour struck at £17 10s against the five hundred and thirty-two pounds of bread at £37 6s 8d, a price impossible for so small a quantity. The entry is carried here as written, the storekeeper's own figures taken without amendment, but the flour weight or its sum has plainly been miscarried on the page.

253

249

1749

Brought over £ 64 1 10

Oil 29½ Gallons Linseed

7 1 4½

Coals 4 Chaldron

10 10

Cordage 16 Ct 1 1

3 2 10½

Nails 46 Sorted

1 3 3

Glaziers Ware Vizt

19 Sqrs Glass 12 by 12

19 9½

2 Half pint Glasses

1 7

1 Half Minute Do

9½

1 2 2

Paint 6 Whiting

1

Tin Ware 4 Lanthorns

1 2 8

Iron 7 Ct 3 9

1 11 3

Twine 25

1 19 7

Lines 6 Damaged

3

Canvas Vizt

2 Bolts Duck

7 1 8

3 Do English Canvas

7 17 6

14 19 2

Iron Ware 2 padlocks

7 9

Braziers Ware 1 Copper Saucepan

4 10

Osenbrigs 1 Bolt

3 15

144 6 10

Sold to the Danes Ship at 50 Ct Cent Vizt

Pitch 3½ Barrels

6 6

Hats 1 Mans

1 6

Nails 5

3 3

Hosiers Ware Vizt

1 pr Silk Stockings

3 19 6

11 pr Mens Wove Do

2 16 4½

6 15 10½

Carried over £ 14 11 1½

The account carried over at £64 1s 10d, the sale to the Company's ships running on through the oil, coals, cordage, nails, glazier's ware and the rest to a total of £144 6s 10d. A fresh class then opened, the goods sold to the Danish ship at 50 per cent beginning with the pitch.

Brought over, £64 1s 10d

Oil, 29.25 gallons linseed, £7 1s 4.5d

Coals, 4 chaldrons, £10 10s 0d

Cordage, 16 hundredweight 1 quarter 1 lb, £34 2s 10.5d

Nails, 46 sorted, £1 3s 3d

Glazier's ware, £1 2s 2d

19 squares glass, 12 by 12, £0 19s 9.5d

2 half-wine glasses, £0 1s 7d

1 half-minute glass, £0 0s 9.5d

Paint, 6 lb whiting, £0 0s 1d

Tin ware, 4 lanterns, £0 2s 8d

Iron, 7 lb 2 quarters 9 lb, £1 11s 3d

Twine, 25 lb, £1 19s 7d

Lines, 6 damaged, £0 0s 3d

Canvas, £14 19s 2d

2 bolts duck, £7 1s 8d

3 bolts English canvas, £7 17s 6d

Iron ware, 3 padlocks, £0 7s 9d

Brazier's ware, 1 copper saucepan, £0 4s 0d

Osnaburg, 1 bolt, £3 15s 0d

Total, £144 6s 10d

The goods sold to the Danish ship at 50 per cent above the invoice price opened with the pitch.

Pitch, 3.5 barrels, £0 6s 0d

Hats, 1 man's, £1 6s 0d

Nails, 3 lb, £0 3s 3d

Hosiery ware, £0 15s 10.5d

1 pair silk stockings, £3 19s 6d

11 pairs men's worsted, £2 16s 4.5d

Carried over, £14 11s 1.5d

Interpretations

The ships' supply gathered the heavy stores of the sea, coals by the chaldron, cordage by the hundredweight, canvas by the bolt in duck and English kinds, and the naval iron, pitch and twine a ship refitting in the road drew from the store. The cordage at £34 and the canvas at near £15 were the weightiest lines, the rigging and sailcloth a homeward voyage most needed, the Company victualling and refitting its own ships at cost from the same warehouse that dressed its servants and planters.

The Danish ship, a foreign vessel, was charged the steepest rate of all at 50 per cent, half as much again above the invoice, the same principle that set the planter above the servant carried to its furthest point against a stranger. The store admitted the foreign trade and supplied the Dane her pitch, hats and stockings, but priced the accommodation dear, the island making what profit it could from the shipping of other nations that watered and refreshed in its road while keeping its own ships supplied at bare cost.

254

250

16 October

Brought over £ 14 11 1½

Shoes 5 pr Pumps

2 10

Canvas 4 Bts English

11 3

Twine Vizt

22 Twine

1 15 4½

24 Skains Houseline & Marline

8 6

2 3 10½

Iron Ware Vizt

16 Packing Needles

3 8

2 padlocks

5 6

9 2

Thread 7 Coloured

3

Bread & Flour Vizt

7 Ct Bread

3 12

4 Flour

8 8

14

Beef & Pork Vizt

1 Puncheon Beef

17 15

1 Hhd Pork

13 9 9

31 4 9

Turners Ware 3 punch Ladles

2 7½

Tin Ware Vizt

2 Saucepans

1 1½

2 Lamps

2 6

3 7½

Cordage 3 Ct 3 9

8 9 3

Glass Ware Vizt

1 Decanter

3 6

1 Squar Glass 12 by 12

1 1

4 7

£ 85 9 2

Charges

The account carried over at £14 11s 1.5d, the sale to the Danish ship at 50 per cent closing with the shoes, canvas, twine and the rest at a total of £85 9s 2d, after which the charges opened.

Brought over, £14 11s 1.5d

Shoes, 5 pairs pumps, £2 10s 0d

Canvas, 4 bolts English, £11 5s 0d

Twine, £2 3s 10.5d

22 lb twine, £1 15s 4.5d

24 skeins housewife and marline, £0 8s 6d

Iron ware, £0 9s 2d

16 packing needles, £0 3s 8d

2 padlocks, £0 5s 6d

Thread, 7 lb coloured, £0 0s 3d

Bread and flour, £14 0s 0d

532 lb bread, £5 12s 0d

4 lb flour, £8 8s 0d

Beef and pork, £31 4s 9d

1 puncheon beef, £17 15s 0d

1 hogshead pork, £13 9s 9d

Turner's ware, 6 punch ladles, £0 2s 7.5d

Tin ware, £0 3s 7.5d

2 saucepans, £0 1s 1.5d

2 lamps, £0 2s 6d

Cordage, 3 hundredweight 3 quarters 9 lb, £8 9s 5d

Glass ware, £0 4s 7d

1 decanter, £0 3s 6d

1 square glass, 12 by 12, £0 1s 1d

Total, £85 9s 2d

Interpretations

The marline among the twine was a fine two-stranded tarred line used aboard ship for seizing and whipping ropes' ends, sold here in skeins beside the housewife thread, the small cordage a vessel needed for rigging work as against the heavy cordage bought by the hundredweight on the previous leaf. Its presence in the Danish ship's account marks the store furnishing the stranger the finer rigging stuff as well as the coarse, the whole tackle of a refit priced at the steep foreign rate.

The bread and flour again cannot be squared as entered, four pounds of flour struck at £8 8s against five hundred and thirty-two pounds of bread at £5 12s, the same impossible disproportion carried over from the ships' account on the preceding leaf. The figures are set down here as the storekeeper wrote them, the miscarried flour weight or price standing on the page uncorrected, the account taken without amendment as the rule requires.

255

251

1749

Charges General Dr for the following Stores

Issued from the 1t July to the 30 September 1749 Vizt

Turners Ware Vizt

3 Birch Brooms for the Castle & Bake House

1 4½

2 Wood Bowls for the Castle

1 10½

2 Paint Brushes for Painting

10

1 Scrubing Brush for the Castle

1 4

5 5

Cordage 26 for Ropes for the Bell and

Wire & for Halliards to the Flag Staff in the Castle

6 10

Leather 3 for the Pump

3

Nails Vizt

7 pr 2 for the Pump

7½

4 pr Sennepier

11

3 pr 6

2 1

4 pr 10 for Repairs

1 4

7 pr 20

3½

5 3

Iron 2 Ct 9 1 2 to the Armourers Shop

1 15 11

Ironmongers Ware Vizt

13 Files Sorted

9 9

1 Screw plate

8

1 Hand Vice for the Armourer

4 10

1 Smiths Rubber

3 2

1 Ragstone

2

4 Setting Hammers

1 7

2 Dozen Portland Tools

1 13 1

4 Dozen Marble Tools for the Masons

1 13 1

6 Bricklayers Trowels

7 3

6 Stock Locks for the Great House

10

Bake House & Stable

Iron Ware Carried over £ 6 16 4

Carried over £ 2 16 5

The account turned from the goods sold to the charges general, the stores issued for the Company's own use from 1 July to 30 September 1749, opening with the turner's ware, cordage, leather, nails, iron and ironmonger's ware, the iron ware carried over at £6 16s 4d and the whole at £2 16s 5d.

Charges general, for the following stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749

Turner's ware, £0 5s 5d

3 birch brooms for the castle bakehouse, £0 1s 1.5d

2 wooden bowls for the castle, £0 1s 10.5d

2 paint brushes for painting, £0 0s 10d

1 scrubbing brush for the castle, £0 1s 4d

Cordage, £0 6s 10d

26 lb for ropes for the bell and

With 4 lb for halliards to the flagstaff in the castle

Leather, 3 lb for the pump, £0 3s 0d

Nails, £0 5s 3d

2 lb for the pump, £0 0s 7.5d

Supplies, £0 0s 11d

6 lb for repairs, £0 2s 1d

10 lb for repairs, £0 1s 4d

20 lb for repairs, £0 0s 3.5d

Iron, 2 quarters 9.5 lb to the armourer's shop, £1 15s 11d

Ironmonger's ware

13 files sorted, £0 9s 9d

1 screw plate, £0 8s 0d

1 hand vice, £0 4s 10d

1 smith's rubber, £0 3s 2d

1 rag stone, £0 0s 2d

4 setting hammers, £1 7s 0d

2 dozen portland tools, £1 13s 0d

4 dozen marble tools, £1 13s 1d

6 bricklayers' trowels, £0 7s 3d

6 stock locks for the great house, bakehouse and stable, £0 10s 0d

Iron ware carried over, £6 16s 4d

Carried over, £2 16s 5d

Interpretations

The charges general marked the turn from sale to consumption, the goods issued out of the store for the Company's own works and buildings rather than sold to servant, planter or ship. Each line was booked against its purpose, brooms and bowls for the castle and its bakehouse, cordage for the bell ropes and the flagstaff halliards, leather and nails for the pump, so that the storekeeper could show exactly what the establishment's own upkeep had drawn from the warehouse, the internal expenditure accounted as strictly as the retail trade.

The specialised tools issued to the armourer and the masons show the range of skilled work the settlement kept up from its own store. Portland and marble tools were the chisels and edge tools of the mason's trade, worked on Portland and marble stone, and the setting hammers, screw plate, hand vice and smith's rubber the equipment of the armourer's forge, the store furnishing the tradesmen the means to cut stone and mend iron on an island where every such tool had to be shipped in. The stock locks for the great house, bakehouse and stable mark the securing of the Company's own buildings, the same lock the store sold the inhabitants now charged to the establishment's account.

256

252

16 October

Brought over £ 2 16 5

Ironmongers Ware Brot over £ 6 16 4

3 Ironmongers Locks for one of the Compys Houses

15 2

1 Chafing Dish

3 6

1 pr Steelyards for the Castle

7 9½

1 Jack plain

1 10

2 Smoothing plains

3

1 hand Saw

6 8

1 Tennant Saw

6 8

1 Long plain

4

1 Aze

2 2

3 Gouges

5½

3 Hammers for the Carpenters

2 9½

1 Hand Hatchet

1 7½

1 pr Compasses

6½

1 Rubstone

2 6

2 Farmers

1

1 Doz Gimblets

1 6

2 Scyths

11 6

2 Scyth Stones for Mowing

4

1 Cupboard Lock for the Guard Room

2 6

1 pr hand Screws for Store Use

1 4 10

1 pr Bone Saw heads for the Masons

5 3½

12 4 2

Tin Ware 2 Lanthorns for the Castle

5

Oil Vizt

2¼ Gallon Train for ye Kitchen & Bakehouse

6 9

1 bottle Florence for Cleaning Brass

2 9

1½ Gallon Linseed for Painting

5 3½

14 8½

Starch 33 for Linnen

13 9

Carried over £ 16 14 7

16 October

Brought over £ 2 16 5

Ironmongers Ware Brot over £ 6 16 4

3 Ironmongers Locks for one of the Compys Houses

15 2

1 Chafing Dish

3 6

1 pr Steelyards for the Castle

7 9½

1 Jack plain

1 10

2 Smoothing plains

3

1 hand Saw

6 8

1 Tennant Saw

6 8

1 Long plain

4

1 Aze

2 2

3 Gouges

5½

3 Hammers for the Carpenters

2 9½

1 Hand Hatchet

1 7½

1 pr Compasses

6½

1 Rubstone

2 6

2 Farmers

1

1 Doz Gimblets

1 6

2 Scyths

11 6

2 Scyth Stones for Mowing

4

1 Cupboard Lock for the Guard Room

2 6

1 pr hand Screws for Store Use

1 4 10

1 pr Bone Saw heads for the Masons

5 3½

12 4 2

Tin Ware 2 Lanthorns for the Castle

5

Oil Vizt

2¼ Gallon Train for ye Kitchen & Bakehouse

6 9

1 bottle Florence for Cleaning Brass

2 9

1½ Gallon Linseed for Painting

5 3½

14 8½

Starch 33 for Linnen

13 9

Carried over £ 16 14 7

257

253

1749

Brought over £ 16 14 7

Braziers Ware Vizt

3 Copper Saucepans

£ 10 6

1 Brass Ladle for the Castle

2 2½

1 Skimmer

6

1 Brass Cock for Store Use

1 1½

1 5 10

Cutlery Ware 5 Butchers Knives for the

Castle & Bakehouse

1 5½

Kersey 5 Yds to Iron on

6 9½

Canvas Vizt

3 Yds duck to Cover a Chest for a Flag

4

4½ Yds Sacking for Colts

4 6

8 6

Twine 7½ for making Cartridges

1 9

Thread 7 Coloured for making Cartridges

3 4

Glaziers Ware Vizt

3 Square Glass 12 by 12

2 2½

2 Square Do 6 by 8 for the Companys Houses

9

2 11½

Paint Vizt

7 Venetian Red for painting a Chest for a Flag

1 3½

21 Whiting the Canvas on the Grape Shot &ca

3

3 Indico

5

2 Blue Smalts Door to one of the Companys houses

3 4

9 10½

Deals 2 Single to make a door for one of

the Companys Houses

3 4

Candles Vizt

33 to the Castle

50 for the Council

5 13 4

Pitch 20 for an Anchor Stock

2 11

Soap 59

1 7 5½

Osnabrigs 4½ Yds to Cover three Packets

2 5½

Carried over £ 27 3 6½

The account carried over at £16 14s 7d, the charges general for the stores issued to the Company's own use running on through the brazier's ware, cutlery, kersey, canvas, twine, thread, glazier's ware, paint, deals, candles, pitch, soap and osnaburg to the £27 3s 6.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £16 14s 7d

Brazier's ware, £1 5s 10d

3 copper saucepans for the castle, £0 10s 0d

1 brass ladle for the castle, £0 2s 2.5d

1 skimmer for the castle, £0 0s 6d

1 brass cock for store use, £0 1s 1.5d

Cutlery ware, 5 butchers' knives for the castle and bakehouse, £0 1s 4.5d

Kersey, 5 yards to iron on, £0 6s 9.5d

Canvas, £0 8s 6d

3 yards duck to cover a chest for a flag, £0 4s 0d

4.5 yards sacking for colts, £0 4s 6d

Twine, for making cartridges, £0 1s 9d

Thread, coloured, for making cartridges, £0 3s 4d

Glazier's ware, £0 2s 11.5d

3 squares glass, 12 by 12, £0 2s 2.5d

2 squares glass, 6 by 8, for the Company's houses, £0 0s 9d

Paint, £0 9s 10.5d

1 lb venetian red for painting a chest for a flag, £0 1s 3.5d

21 lb whiting for the canvas on the crane that covers the boat, £0 0s 3d

3 lb indigo, £0 0s 5d

2.5 lb blue smalts for a door to one of the Company's houses, £0 3s 4d

Deals, 2 single to make a door for one of the Company's houses, £0 3s 4d

Candles, £0 13s 4d

33 lb to the castle, £0 [...]

50 lb for the council, £0 [...]

Pitch, 20 lb for an anchor stock, £0 2s 11d

Soap, 59 lb, £0 17s 5d

Osnaburg, 4.5 yards to cover three padlocks, £0 2s 3.5d

Carried over, £27 3s 6.5d

Interpretations

The charges on this leaf show the store fitting out the island's own signals and boats down to the smallest material, canvas and a chest covered to make a flag, whiting laid on the canvas that covered the boat at the crane, and venetian red to paint the flag chest, each scrap of cloth, paint and thread booked against its exact use. The twine and coloured thread issued for making cartridges mark the gunner's supply drawn from the general store, the powder charges sewn up from the same haberdashery the settlement bought its buttons from, the whole defensive and working apparatus of the island maintained line by line out of the warehouse.

The candles issued to the castle and to the council mark the lighting of the establishment's own business charged to its account, the fifty pounds for the council the greater share, the light by which the board sat and kept its books reckoned as strictly as any other store. The whole run of these charges, from the door made for a Company house to the padlocks wrapped in osnaburg, shows the settlement consuming its own imported goods as carefully as it sold them, every issue for repair, defence or housekeeping entered against its purpose so the Company at home could see exactly where its stores had gone.

258

254

16 October

Brought over £ 27 3 6½

Corks 6 Gross for the Castle

13 9

Iron Pots 1 3 Gallons for Do

3 9

Lines Vizt

3 Small for Whips

1

1 Hambro for the Castle

7½

Coals 34 Bushels for the Armourers Shop

2 16 3

30 12 11

Diet Expences Dr for the following Sms Issued

for the General Table from the 1t July to the 30 Sepr 1749 Vizt

Arrack 38 Gallons

3 15 4

Sugar 210 Candy

2 1 8

Oil 9 bottles Florence

1 4 9

Beef & Pork Vizt

2 pr Beef

5 6

1 pr Pork

1 16

Tea 3 Single

2 1 6

Vinegar 3 Gallons

5 6

Flour 6 Ct

13 5

Rice 6 Ct

4 12 6

Brandy 12 Gallons

4 4½

Salt 1 Bushel

2 12

Mustard Seed ½ Bushel

2 10½

Pepper 3

1

17 13 5

Blacks

The account carried over at £27 3s 6.5d, the charges general closing with the corks, iron pots, lines and coals at a total of £30 12s 11d. A fresh sub-account then opened, the diet expenses for the general table, the stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749.

Brought over, £27 3s 6.5d

Corks, 6 gross for the castle, £0 0s 6.5d

Iron pots, 1, 3 gallons for the castle, £0 13s 9d

Lines, £0 3s 9d

3 sonah for whips, £0 1s 0d

1 hambro for the castle, £0 0s 7.5d

Coals, 54 bushels for the armourer's shop, £2 16s 3d

Total, £30 12s 11d

The diet expenses for the general table covered the stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749.

Arrack, 38 gallons, £3 15s 4d

Sugar, 210 lb candy, £2 1s 8d

Oil, 9 bottles florence, £1 4s 9d

Beef and pork, £2 1s 6d

2 lb beef, £0 5s 6d

184 lb pork, £1 16s 0d

Tea, 3 lb single, £2 1s 0d

Vinegar, 3 gallons, £0 3s 6d

Flour, 600 lb, £0 13s 5d

Rice, 600 lb, £4 12s 6d

Brandy, 12 gallons, £4 4s 4.5d

Salt, 1 bushel, £2 12s 0d

Mustard seed, 0.5 bushel, £0 2s 10.5d

Pepper, 0.5 lb, £0 1s 0d

Total, £17 13s 5d

Interpretations

The diet expenses set out what the general table consumed at the Company's charge, the board and the officers who ate together fed from the store on arrack, brandy, sugar, tea and the salted beef and pork, with vinegar, mustard seed and pepper for seasoning and preserving. The account marks the maintenance of the common table as a distinct charge on the establishment, the drink and provisions the governor and council took reckoned line by line and booked against the Company like any other issue, the hospitality of the castle carried on the same strict account as its repairs and defence.

Hambro line was a hemp fishing line named for Hamburg, the northern port that supplied much of the cordage and line of the trade, and the sonah lines used for whips a coarser sort put to the working gear of the castle rather than to fishing. Their small charge among the corks and coals shows even the least material issued for the establishment's own use entered and named to its purpose, the whole housekeeping of the settlement accounted to the last gross of corks and bushel of coals before the account turned to the stores issued for the Company's slaves.

259

255

1749

Blacks Dr for the following Stores Issued for their Use

from the 1t July to the 30 September 1749 Vizt

Brandy 26½ Gallons for Drams

5 14 10

Rice 1782

8 7 1

Hooks & Lines Vizt

47 dozn Hooks

1 2

10 dozn 5 Lines for fishing

2 1

2 8 2

Beef & Pork Vizt

3 pr Beef

5 3

154 pr Pork

15 8

15 13 3

Tea 19 Bohea

13 5½

Sugar Do for the Sick Blacks

2 11

Sailors Clothes Vizt

100 Mens Waistcoats & Breeches

11 9 2

17 Boys Do & Do

6 18 1½

222 Mens Shirts

12 7 2

34 Boys Do

4 13 6

131 7 11½

Shoes Vizt

2 pr Womens Calf

5 6

1 pr Boys

3 6

8 pr Mens Ordinary

11 0

to Cloath them

1 9

Kersey 3 pr 20 Yards

11 12

Chelloes 11 pcs

5 10

Long Cloth 10 pr Ordinary

8 12 6

Thread Vizt

7 Coloured

10

4 Whited Brown

1 4 5

1 14 5

Haberdashery 2 pr Diapr Tape

2 2

192 10 4

The account turned to the stores issued for the use of the Company's slaves from 1 July to 30 September 1749, running through the brandy, rice, fishing tackle, provisions, tea, sugar, clothing and cloth to a total of £192 10s 4d.

Charges for the Company's slaves, for the following stores issued for their use from 1 July to 30 September 1749

Brandy, 26.25 gallons for drams, £3 14s 10d

Rice, 1,782 lb, £8 7s 1d

Hooks and lines, £2 8s 2d

47 dozen hooks, £0 1s 2d

10 dozen 5 lines for fishing, £2 1s 0d

Beef and pork, £15 13s 3d

3 lb beef, £0 5s 3d

154 lb pork, £15 8s 0d

Tea, 19 lb bohea, £0 13s 5.5d

Sugar, for the sick slaves, £0 2s 11d

Sailors' clothes, £131 7s 11.5d

100 men's waistcoats and breeches, £11 9s 2d

17 boys' waistcoats and breeches, £6 18s 1.5d

222 men's shirts, £12 7s 2d

34 boys' shirts, £4 13s 6d

Shoes, £1 1s 9d

2 pairs women's calf, £0 5s 6d

1 pair boys', £0 3s 6d

5 pairs men's ordinary, £0 11s 0d

Kersey, 3 pieces, 20 yards, to clothe them, £11 12s 0d

Chelloes, 11 pieces, £5 0s 10d

Long cloth, 10 pieces ordinary, £8 12s 6d

Thread, £1 14s 5d

0.5 lb coloured, £0 0s 10d

4 lb white and brown, £1 4s 5d

Haberdashery, 2 pieces diaper tape, £0 2s 2d

Total, £192 10s 4d

Interpretations

The slaves' account was the heaviest of the whole charges, £192 against the £30 of the general charges and the £17 of the diet table, its bulk lying in the clothing issued at the quarter. A hundred men's and seventeen boys' waistcoats and breeches, over two hundred shirts, and the kersey, chelloes and long cloth to clothe the rest mark the great periodic issue by which the Company dressed its labour force, the whole body of its slaves outfitted at one charge out of the store, the plainest and coarsest of the cloth the warehouse held reserved for them.

The provision issued to the slaves shows the ration the Company fed its labour, rice by the near two thousand pounds and salt pork the staples, with brandy served out in drams and a small charge of sugar and bohea tea set apart for the sick. The fishing hooks and lines issued for their own fishing let them add to the ration from the sea, the Company supplying the tackle so that the slaves might partly feed themselves, the diet a mixture of the imported staple and what the shore could yield, reckoned as exactly as the officers' own table.

260

256

16 October

Fortification Dr for the following Stores Issued from

the 1t July to the 30 September 1749 Vizt

Bunting Vizt

1 pr 23 Yds White

£ 1 15 6

1 pr Red

1 15 7

2 pr Blue for making a Flag

2 11

Thread 7 Coloured for Reperts and the alarm House

5 19 1

3 4

Lines 2 Hambro

1 3

Osnabrigs 3½ yards for the Flags

1 3½

Iron Ware 2 Stock Locks

3 4

Nails 2 pr 6 10 for Reperts Guard House

2

Canvas Vizt

1½ Yds Duck for the Flags

2

3 Yds Sacking for a Bag for Reperts Slag

2

4

Twine 1 Skain for Do

1

Cartwheels & hand Barrows

2

8 13 2½

Garrison Dr for the following Stores Issued from the 1t

July to the 30 September 1749 Vizt

Deals Vizt

3 Double for Coffins

7 6

3 Single for Coffins

5

12 6

Brandy 11¾ Gall for Drams on Mustering

2 10 11

Nails Vizt

4 pr 6 for Coffins

9

6 pr 2 for the Gunners use

3 7½

Iron Ware 2 Hammers for the Gunners Use

1 11½

Tin Ware 1 Lamp for Musters Mount

10

Tea 6 Bohea

6½

Oil 3½ Gallons Train for the Several Guards

7 17 1

13 13 8½

The account turned to the fortification, the stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749, running through the bunting, thread, lines, osnaburg, iron ware, nails, canvas, twine and cartwheels to a total of £8 13s 2.5d. A fresh sub-account then opened, the garrison, the stores issued over the same quarter to a total of £13 13s 8.5d.

Fortification, for the following stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749

Bunting, £5 19s 1d

1 piece 23 yards white, £1 15s 6d

1 piece red, £1 15s 7d

2 pieces blue, £2 11s 0d

for making a flag for Rupert's and the alarm house

Thread, coloured, £0 3s 4d

Lines, 2 hambro, £0 1s 3d

Osnaburg, 3.75 yards for the flags, £0 1s 3.5d

Iron ware, 2 stock locks for Rupert's guardhouse, £0 3s 4d

Nails, £0 0s 2d

1 lb and 10 lb for Rupert's guardhouse

Canvas, £0 4s 0d

1.5 yards duck for the flags, £0 2s 0d

3 yards sacking for a bag for Rupert's flag, £0 2s 0d

Twine, 1 skein for the flags, £0 0s 1d

Cartwheels and hand barrows, £2 0s 0d

Total, £8 13s 2.5d

The garrison covered the stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749.

Garrison, for the following stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749

Deals, £0 12s 6d

3 double for coffins, £0 7s 6d

3 single for coffins, £0 5s 0d

Brandy, 11.75 gallons for drams on mustering, £2 10s 11d

Nails, £0 4s 4.5d

6 lb for coffins, £0 0s 9d

6 lb and 2 lb for the gunner's use, £0 3s 7.5d

Iron ware, 2 hammers for the gunner's use, £0 1s 11.5d

Tin ware, 1 lamp for Munden's Point, £0 0s 10d

Tea, 6 lb bohea, £2 6s 0.5d

Oil, 3.5 gallons train, for the several guardhouses, £7 17s 1d

Total, £13 13s 8.5d

Interpretations

The fortification charges show the whole cost of the island's flags and signals gathered under the defensive account, the bunting in white, red and blue made up into a flag for Rupert's and the alarm house, with the thread, twine, canvas and osnaburg to sew and bag it. Bunting was the light open woollen cloth used for colours and signals, and its issue here for a single flag at nearly six pounds marks the expense of keeping the alarm signals flying at the outposts, the means by which the scattered forts warned each other of strange ships being maintained as a charge on the works.

The garrison account records the small recurring costs of keeping the soldiers under arms, deals and nails for coffins to bury the dead, brandy served in drams on muster days, and train oil for the several guardhouses that watched the coast. The lamp for Munden's Point and the oil for the guardhouses mark the lighting of the night watches at the outlying posts, the whole apparatus of guard and burial reckoned to the last pound of nails, the establishment accounting for the maintenance of its own defence as closely as for the goods it sold.

261

257

1749

Plantation Dr for the following Stores Issued from the 1t

July to the 30 Sepr 1749 Vizt

Rice & Paddy Vizt

78 Rice

£ 1 8½

8 pr 2 pr Paddy for the Poultry

1 19 4

2 1 2

Turners Ware 2 Salmons Yoaks for the plantation House

2 2

Lines 1 No 0

5½

Nails Vizt

7 pr 10

4

9 pr 3 for the Great Wood

5½

9½

Cordage 16 for Cow Ropes

5

Iron Ware Vizt

1 pr 1.1. Hinges & Screw Joynts for ye Great Wood

3 2

1 Stock Lock for the Plantation House

1 8

2 Scyth Stones for the Mowers

4

2 Pick Axes

4 4

4 Garden Hoes

6

4 Helves

2 4

2 Hoes

3 3

2 Spades

6 4

1 4 7

3 17 2

Hospital Dr for the following Stores Issued from the 1t

July to the 30 Sepr 1749 Vizt

Sugar 81

18 6½

Flour 52

7 3

Oil 2¾ Gallon Train

7 3½

Salt 3 pr Bushel

2 2½

Turners Ware 1 Wood Ladle

2

Rice 108

12

2 7 7½

The account turned to the plantation, the stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749, running through the rice and paddy, turner's ware, lines, nails, cordage and iron ware to a total of £3 17s 0.5d. A fresh sub-account then opened, the hospital, the stores issued over the same quarter to a total of £2 7s 7.5d.

Plantation, for the following stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749

Rice and paddy, £2 1s 0.5d

78 lb rice, £0 1s 8.5d

8 lb 2 quarters paddy for the poultry, £1 19s 4d

Turner's ware, 2 salmon yokes for the plantation house, £0 2s 2d

Lines, 1 no. 0, £0 0s 5.5d

Nails, £0 0s 9.5d

10 lb and 3 lb for the Great Wood, £0 [...]

Cordage, 16 lb for cow ropes, £0 5s 0d

Iron ware, £1 7s 7d

1 pair H-L hinges with rising joints for the Great Wood, £0 3s 2d

1 stock lock for the plantation house, £0 1s 8d

2 scythe stones for the mowers, £0 0s 4d

2 pickaxes, £0 4s 4d

4 garden hoes, £0 6s 0d

4 helves, £0 2s 4d

2 hoes, £0 3s 3d

2 spades, £0 6s 4d

Total, £3 17s 0.5d

The hospital covered the stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749.

Hospital, for the following stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749

Sugar, 81 lb, £0 18s 6.5d

Flour, 52 lb, £0 7s 3d

Oil, 2.25 gallons train, £0 7s 3.5d

Salt, 0.75 bushel, £0 2s 2.5d

Turner's ware, 1 wooden ladle, £0 0s 2d

Rice, 178 lb, £0 12s 0d

Total, £2 7s 7.5d

Interpretations

The plantation charges show the tools and materials that kept the Company's own ground and stock in work, the pickaxes, garden hoes, spades, helves and hinges for the Great Wood, the cordage worked into cow ropes, and the paddy issued to the poultry. The salmon yokes for the plantation house were wooden yokes for carrying pails on the shoulders, named for their shape, the whole account marking the steady upkeep of the tools and gear by which the plantations were dug, the cattle tethered and the birds fed, each issue booked to the works it served.

The hospital account records the small comforts and provisions issued to the sick apart from the ordinary ration, sugar, flour, rice and a little salt and oil, the invalid diet the surgeon judged fitter for the disordered than the common allowance. Its modest total marks the standing provision the establishment made for its own sick out of the store, the hospital fed on a lighter and sweeter diet than the working table, the care of the sick reckoned as a distinct charge on the Company like the plantation, the garrison and the fortification before it.

262

258

16 October

Boats Dr for the following Stores Issued from the 1t

July to the 30 Sepr 1749 Vizt

Nails Vizt

7 pr 6

11

9 pr 3

11½

1 10½

Paint Vizt

4 White Lead

1

7 Venetian Red for the Yaul

2

2 Blue Smalts and Long Boat

10

2

Oil 1½ Gallons Linseed

3 11

Pitch Vizt

26 Turpentine

3 3

8 Gallons Tar for Repairs

5 4

to the Yaul

Lead 11 Sheet and Long Boat

8 7

1 10

Deals 2 Elm Boards

5 8

Oars 2 for the Yaul

8 8

Cordage 23 for Do

6½

1 18 7

September 30 1749

Errors Excepted

pr Matthew Durling Stock

List

The account turned to the boats, the stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749, running through the nails, paint, oil, pitch, lead, deals, oars and cordage to a total of £1 18s 7d. The storekeeper Matthew Purling subscribed the whole collection, errors excepted, at St Helena on 30 September 1749.

Boats, for the following stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1749

Nails, £0 1s 10.5d

6 lb, £0 0s 11d

3 lb, £0 0s 11.5d

Paint, for the yawl and long boat, £0 2s 0d

0.25 lb white lead, £0 1s 0d

0.5 lb venetian red, £0 0s 2d

0.5 lb blue smalts, £0 0s 10d

Oil, 1.5 gallons linseed, £0 3s 11d

Pitch, for repairs to the yawl and long boat, £0 8s 7d

20 lb turpentine, £0 3s 3d

8 gallons tar, £0 5s 4d

Lead, 1 lb sheet, £0 1s 10d

Deals, 2 elm boards, £0 5s 8d

Oars, 2 for the yawl, £0 8s 8d

Cordage, 23 lb for the yawl, £0 6s 0.5d

Total, £1 18s 7d

Interpretations

The boats' account gathered the whole cost of keeping the island's two working craft in repair, the yawl and the long boat that were the only means of reaching every ship in the road and landing every cargo. Pitch, tar, turpentine and sheet lead paid the seams and stopped the leaks, the paint and linseed oil weathered the hull, and the oars, cordage and elm boards renewed the gear, the small total marking the constant patching a harbourless station's boats needed against the open surf that worked them hard.

The subscription of the whole collection by Matthew Purling the storekeeper, errors excepted, on 30 September 1749 closed the account at the turn of the Company's year, the storekeeper standing personally answerable for the whole reckoning of goods sold and stores issued across the quarter. This was the formal act by which the storekeeper certified his books to the board and, through it, to the Court at home, his signature the warrant that the trade and consumption of the settlement had been entered truly, the account then passing to the board's examination and approval before the pay roll that followed it.

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259

List of the Honourable Company’s Officers and Servants upon the Island of St Helena, with their several salaries, diet money, etc., for the quarter commencing July 1 and ending September 30 1749, viz.

Charles Hutchinson Esq, Governor – Salary £125 0s 0d; allowance for servants as usual £31 14s 9d – total £156 14s 9d

Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor – Salary £62 10s 0d; diet money £25 0s 0d – total £87 10s 0d

John Clark, of Council – Salary £15 0s 0d

John Goodwin, Accomptant – Salary £17 10s 0d; diet money £15 0s 0d; house rent £2 10s 0d – total £35 0s 0d

William Loveday, Chaplain – Salary £25 0s 0d; diet money £15 0s 0d – total £40 0s 0d

Matthew Spurling, Storekeeper – Salary £17 10s 0d; diet money £15 0s 0d – total £32 10s 0d

Francis Wrangham, Factor – Salary £7 10s 0d; diet money £10 0s 0d – total £17 10s 0d

James Powell, Factor – Salary £7 10s 0d; assistant storekeeper £5 0s 0d; diet money £10 0s 0d; house rent £2 10s 0d – total £25 0s 0d

Thomas French, Factor – Salary £7 10s 0d; diet money £10 0s 0d – total £17 10s 0d

Matthew Bagett, Writer – Salary £5 0s 0d; diet money £10 0s 0d – total £15 0s 0d

Samuel Falconer, Surgeon – Salary £9 15s 0d; diet money £10 0s 0d; house rent £2 10s 0d – total £22 5s 0d

James Stevenson, Surgeon’s Mate – Salary £5 0s 0d; diet money £11 5s 0d – total £16 5s 0d

Total carried over £480 4s 9d.

A list was presented of the Honourable Company’s officers and servants employed on the Island of St Helena, showing their respective salaries, allowances, and diet money for the quarter beginning on the 1st of July and ending on the 30th of September 1749.

Charles Hutchinson, Governor, received a salary of £125, together with an allowance of £31 14s 9d for servants, making a total of £156 14s 9d.

Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, received £62 10s for salary and £25 for diet money, totalling £87 10s.

John Clark, of the Council, received £15 for salary.

John Goodwin, Accomptant, received £17 10s for salary, £15 for diet money, and £2 10s for house rent, totalling £35.

William Loveday, Chaplain, received £25 salary and £15 diet money, totalling £40.

Matthew Spurling, Storekeeper, received £17 10s salary and £15 diet money, totalling £32 10s.

Francis Wrangham, Factor, received £7 10s salary and £10 diet money, totalling £17 10s.

James Powell, Factor, received £7 10s salary, £5 as assistant storekeeper, £10 diet money, and £2 10s house rent, making a total of £25.

Thomas French, Factor, received £7 10s salary and £10 diet money, totalling £17 10s.

Matthew Bagett, Writer, received £5 salary and £10 diet money, totalling £15.

Samuel Falconer, Surgeon, received £9 15s salary, £10 diet money, and £2 10s house rent, totalling £22 5s.

James Stevenson, Surgeon’s Mate, received £5 salary and £11 5s diet money, totalling £16 5s.

The total of these payments amounted to £480 4s 9d.

264

260

Brought over £480 4s 9d

Richard Garling – £15 0s 0d
John Swales, Overseer – £7 10s 0d
Richard Beale, Schoolmaster – Salary £3 8s 3d; as Clerk £5 0s 0d – total £8 8s 3d

John Bland, Master Mason – Salary £17 10s 0d; diet money £10 0s 0d; house rent £1 10s 0d – total £29 0s 0d

Mark Hawkins, Mason – Salary £12 10s 0d; diet money £6 16s 10½d; house rent £1 0s 0d – total £20 6s 10½d

William Hayes, Master of Arms – £6 5s 0d
Henry Bowman, Armourer – £10 10s 0d
Nicholas Cleather, Steward – £7 10s 0d
William Dowse, Gardener – £9 11s 3d
Robert Meacock, Cooper – £8 15s 0d
John Artingstall, Patron of the Long Boat – £7 10s 0d
Robert Wright, Housekeeper – £2 0s 0d
Andrew Binman, Marshal – £4 7s 9d

Total £616 18s 10½d

First Company
John Clark, 1st Lieutenant – Salary £10 0s 0d; diet money £6 16s 10½d; on account of instructing the gunners £7 10s 0d – total £24 6s 10½d

William Hayes, Adjutant – Salary £10 0s 0d; diet money £7 1s 3d – total £17 1s 3d

Total £41 8s 1½d

Sergeants
Henry Beale – £6 14s 6d
Bartholomew Molley – £6 14s 6d
Solomon Jacobs – £6 14s 6d

Total £20 3s 6d

Carried over £678 10s 6d.

The list of the Honourable Company’s officers and servants on the Island continued as follows.

Brought forward, the previous total amounted to £480 4s 9d.

Richard Garling received £15.

John Swales, Overseer, received £7 10s.

Richard Beale, Schoolmaster, received £3 8s 3d for his teaching duties and £5 for his service as Clerk, totalling £8 8s 3d.

John Bland, Master Mason, received £17 10s salary, £10 diet money, and £1 10s house rent, totalling £29.

Mark Hawkins, Mason, received £12 10s salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £1 house rent, totalling £20 6s 10½d.

William Hayes, Master of Arms, received £6 5s.

Henry Bowman, Armourer, received £10 10s.

Nicholas Cleather, Steward, received £7 10s.

William Dowse, Gardener, received £9 11s 3d.

Robert Meacock, Cooper, received £8 15s.

John Artingstall, Patron of the Long Boat, received £7 10s.

Robert Wright, Housekeeper, received £2.

Andrew Binman, Marshal, received £4 7s 9d.

These payments together brought the total to £616 18s 10½d.

For the First Company, John Clark, First Lieutenant, received £10 salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £7 10s for instructing the gunners, totalling £24 6s 10½d.

William Hayes, Adjutant, received £10 salary and £7 1s 3d diet money, totalling £17 1s 3d.

The total for the First Company came to £41 8s 1½d.

Among the Sergeants, Henry Beale, Bartholomew Molley, and Solomon Jacobs each received £6 14s 6d, totalling £20 3s 6d.

The combined total of all salaries and allowances now amounted to £678 10s 6d.

265

261

Brought over £678 10s 6d

Corporals
Samuel Langton £4 7s 9d
Joseph Levy £4 7s 9d
William Davis £4 7s 9d – total £13 3s 3d

John Kendall, Drummer £4 7s 9d

Centrinels
Edward Allis £3 8s 3d
John Brown to 10 September inclusive, the day he died £2 13s 10d
George Bennet £3 8s 3d
John Bray £3 8s 3d
Joseph Brooks £3 8s 3d
Augustine Ball £3 8s 3d
William Brown £3 8s 3d
Thomas Brown £3 8s 3d
John Buckles £3 8s 3d
Matthew Campbell £3 8s 3d
John Clay to 25 September inclusive, the day he was discharged £3 5s 3¾d
James Cartwright £3 8s 3d
William Croft £3 8s 3d
George Green £3 8s 3d
Thomas Greenaway £3 8s 3d
Thomas Hayles £3 8s 3d
Humphry Harrison £3 8s 3d
George Harper £3 8s 3d
James Hindry £3 8s 3d
Woolston Jones £3 8s 3d
Thomas Jarvis £3 8s 3d
Major Jackson £3 8s 3d
William Lamton £3 8s 3d

Centrinels total £77 12s 1¾d

Carried over £696 1s 6d.

Brought forward, the total stood at £678 10s 6d.

Among the corporals, Samuel Langton, Joseph Levy, and William Davis each received £4 7s 9d, amounting together to £13 3s 3d.

John Kendall, Drummer, received £4 7s 9d.

The sentinels’ pay was recorded as follows:
Edward Allis received £3 8s 3d.
John Brown, who died on the 10th of September, received £2 13s 10d up to that date.
George Bennet, John Bray, Joseph Brooks, Augustine Ball, William Brown, Thomas Brown, John Buckles, Matthew Campbell, James Cartwright, William Croft, George Green, Thomas Greenaway, Thomas Hayles, Humphry Harrison, George Harper, James Hindry, Woolston Jones, Thomas Jarvis, Major Jackson, and William Lamton each received £3 8s 3d.
John Clay, who was discharged on the 25th of September, received £3 5s 3¾d up to that time.

The total for the sentinels amounted to £77 12s 1¾d.

This brought the overall total to £696 1s 6d.

266

262

Centrinels brought over £77 12s 1¾d
Total brought over £696 1s 6d

James Lee £3 8s 3d
John Marsh £3 8s 3d
John Morrill £3 8s 3d
James Mills £3 8s 3d
Humphry Pugh £3 8s 3d
James Renard £3 8s 3d
James Richardson £3 8s 3d
John Scotcher £3 8s 3d
John Searby £3 8s 3d
Solomon Saunders £3 8s 3d
John Shaw £3 8s 3d
Emanuel Steel £3 8s 3d
John Spencer £3 8s 3d
William Starr £3 8s 3d
James Urquhart £3 8s 3d
Peter Wills £3 8s 3d
Thomas Wagg £3 8s 3d
Thomas Watts £3 8s 3d

Total £139 7s 3¾d

Second Company
Joseph Kendall, 1st Lieutenant - Salary £10 0s 0d; diet money £6 10s 6½d; house rent £2 10s 0d – total £19 0s 6½d

Samuel Ashwick, 2nd Lieutenant, to the 16th September inclusive, the day he resigned his commission - £6 8s 2d; diet money to 5th September £5 17s 0d – total £12 5s 2½d

Sergeants
Robert Mason £6 14s 6d
Gabriel Jack £6 14s 6d
Daniel Bush £6 14s 6d – total £20 3s 6d

Carried over £886 17s 8¾d.

The amount brought forward was £696 1s 6d, and the total for the sentinels previously listed was £77 12s 1¾d.

Further payments to sentinels were as follows: James Lee, John Marsh, John Morrill, James Mills, Humphry Pugh, James Renard, James Richardson, John Scotcher, John Searby, Solomon Saunders, John Shaw, Emanuel Steel, John Spencer, William Starr, James Urquhart, Peter Wills, Thomas Wagg, and Thomas Watts each received £3 8s 3d.

These sums together brought the total for the sentinels to £139 7s 3¾d.

For the Second Company, Joseph Kendall, First Lieutenant, received £10 salary, £6 10s 6½d diet money, and £2 10s house rent, totalling £19 0s 6½d.

Samuel Ashwick, Second Lieutenant, who resigned his commission on the 16th of September, received £6 8s 2d salary and £5 17s diet money up to the 5th of September, amounting to £12 5s 2½d.

Among the sergeants, Robert Mason, Gabriel Jack, and Daniel Bush each received £6 14s 6d, making a total of £20 3s 6d.

These entries brought the overall total to £886 17s 8¾d.

267

263

Brought over £886 17s 8¾d

Corporals
Michael Frost £4 7s 9d
John Holloway £4 7s 9d
Samuel Saltor £4 7s 9d – total £13 3s 3d

Thomas Lendon, Drummer £4 7s 9d

Centrinels
Joseph Andrew £3 8s 3d
Peter Barker £3 8s 3d
Jonah Parks £3 8s 3d
Francis Berwick £3 8s 3d
John Bowks £3 8s 3d
William Brooks £3 8s 3d
John Brown £3 8s 3d
John Chapman £3 8s 3d
William Cook £3 8s 3d
William Duffon £3 8s 3d
John Douglas £3 8s 3d
Robert Everidge £3 8s 3d
Peter Findall £3 8s 3d
John Fletcher £3 8s 3d
John Gould £3 8s 3d
John Hayes £3 8s 3d
Joseph Hayes £3 8s 3d
Isaac Holmes £3 8s 3d
James English £3 8s 3d
Samuel Nelson £3 8s 3d
Charles Legend £3 8s 3d
James Long £3 8s 3d
Joseph South £3 8s 3d
Thomas Mason £3 8s 3d

Centrinels total £81 18s 0d

Carried over £904 18s 3¾d.

Brought forward, the total stood at £886 17s 8¾d.

Among the corporals, Michael Frost, John Holloway, and Samuel Saltor each received £4 7s 9d, amounting together to £13 3s 3d.

Thomas Lendon, Drummer, received £4 7s 9d.

The sentinels’ pay was as follows: Joseph Andrew, Peter Barker, Jonah Parks, Francis Berwick, John Bowks, William Brooks, John Brown, John Chapman, William Cook, William Duffon, John Douglas, Robert Everidge, Peter Findall, John Fletcher, John Gould, John Hayes, Joseph Hayes, Isaac Holmes, James English, Samuel Nelson, Charles Legend, James Long, Joseph South, and Thomas Mason each received £3 8s 3d.

The total for the sentinels came to £81 18s.

This brought the overall total to £904 18s 3¾d.

268

264

Centrinels brought over £81 18s 0d
Total brought over £904 18s 3¾d

Richard Maybank £3 8s 3d
Richard Moyes £3 8s 3d
John Norton £3 8s 3d
William Page £3 8s 3d
William Scot £3 8s 3d
William Shefford £3 8s 3d
John Simmons £3 8s 3d
Joseph Simpson £3 8s 3d
Robert Stacey £3 8s 3d
Thomas Streeton £3 8s 3d
Edward Chove £3 8s 3d
Thomas Taylor £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Thomas £3 8s 3d
Richard Swaits £3 8s 3d
Edward Walker £3 8s 3d
William Watkins £3 8s 3d
Stephen Willoughby £3 8s 3d
Thomas Dyson, to the 7 July inclusive, the day he was sent to Bencoolen £5 2s 3¾d
William Tswaits £3 8s 3d

Total £143 11s 8¾d

Third Company
Thomas Easthope, 1st Lieutenant - Salary £10 0s 0d; diet money £6 10s 6½d; house rent £2 10s 0d – total £19 0s 6½d

Ones Beale, 2nd Lieutenant - Salary £7 10s 0d; diet money £6 10s 6½d – total £14 0s 6½d

Sergeants
William Kennedy £6 14s 6d
Matthew Brightwell £6 14s 6d
Henry Barber £6 14s 6d – total £20 3s 6d

Carried over £1101 7s 8½d.

The total brought forward was £904 18s 3¾d, with £81 18s 0d previously recorded for the sentinels.

Additional sentinels were listed as follows: Richard Maybank, Richard Moyes, John Norton, William Page, William Scot, William Shefford, John Simmons, Joseph Simpson, Robert Stacey, Thomas Streeton, Edward Chove, Thomas Taylor, Benjamin Thomas, Richard Swaits, Edward Walker, William Watkins, Stephen Willoughby, and William Tswaits each received £3 8s 3d.

Thomas Dyson, who was sent to Bencoolen on the 7th of July, received £5 2s 3¾d up to that date.

The total for this section amounted to £143 11s 8¾d.

For the Third Company, Thomas Easthope, First Lieutenant, received £10 salary, £6 10s 6½d diet money, and £2 10s house rent, totalling £19 0s 6½d.

Ones Beale, Second Lieutenant, received £7 10s salary and £6 10s 6½d diet money, amounting to £14 0s 6½d.

Among the sergeants, William Kennedy, Matthew Brightwell, and Henry Barber each received £6 14s 6d, making a total of £20 3s 6d.

This brought the overall total to £1101 7s 8½d.

269

265

Brought over £1101 7s 8½d

Corporals
John Spencer £4 7s 9d
John Leech £4 7s 9d
William Bechet, to 6 July inclusive as Centinel £1 5s 3¾d, and from 7 July to 30 September inclusive as Corporal £4 2s 8d – total £4 7s 11¾d

Total Corporals £13 2s 7¾d

Benjamin Swaits, Drummer £4 7s 9d

Centrinels
William Adams £3 8s 3d
Matthew Allis £3 8s 3d
Bevin Ambrose £3 8s 3d
Joseph Bastick £3 8s 3d
William Bonfield £3 8s 3d
William Brown £3 8s 3d
Dixon Craft £3 8s 3d
Baron Deloaf £3 8s 3d
John Earle £3 8s 3d
Thomas Fuller £3 8s 3d
Edward Grant £3 8s 3d
Jonathan Kitchen £3 8s 3d
James Hinds £3 8s 3d
William Hurlock £3 8s 3d
Evan Jones £3 8s 3d
Thomas Kendrick £3 8s 3d
Richard Knight £3 8s 3d
John Langbridge £3 8s 3d
Thomas Lawrence £3 8s 3d
John McKoy £3 8s 3d
Abraham Major, to 6 July inclusive as Corporal £5 1s 0d, and from 7 July to 30 September inclusive as Centinel £3 3s 9¼d – total £3 8s 10¼d
Charles Montague £3 8s 3d

Centrinels total £75 2s 1½d

Carried over £1119 8s 7½d.

Brought forward, the total stood at £1101 7s 8½d.

Among the corporals, John Spencer and John Leech each received £4 7s 9d. William Bechet was paid £1 5s 3¾d for his service as a sentinel up to the 6th of July, and £4 2s 8d for his service as a corporal from the 7th of July to the 30th of September, totalling £4 7s 11¾d. The corporals’ combined pay amounted to £13 2s 7¾d.

Benjamin Swaits, Drummer, received £4 7s 9d.

The sentinels’ pay was as follows: William Adams, Matthew Allis, Bevin Ambrose, Joseph Bastick, William Bonfield, William Brown, Dixon Craft, Baron Deloaf, John Earle, Thomas Fuller, Edward Grant, Jonathan Kitchen, James Hinds, William Hurlock, Evan Jones, Thomas Kendrick, Richard Knight, John Langbridge, Thomas Lawrence, John McKoy, Charles Montague, and Abraham Major each received £3 8s 3d, except that Major, who had served as corporal to the 6th of July and as sentinel thereafter, was paid £3 8s 10¼d in total.

The total for the sentinels amounted to £75 2s 1½d.

This brought the overall total to £1119 8s 7½d.

270

266

Centrinels brought over £75 2s 1½d
Total brought over £1119 8s 7½d

Charles Newcomb £3 8s 3d
Valentine Noble £3 8s 3d
Thomas Oliver £3 8s 3d
Thomas Payne £3 8s 3d
George Peacock £3 8s 3d
William Pendry £3 8s 3d
James Pewtor £3 8s 3d
John Pasfwoder £3 8s 3d
Thomas Pledger £3 8s 3d
Francis Reed £3 8s 3d
William Robinson £3 8s 3d
David Scott £3 8s 3d
Robert Slack £3 8s 3d
Joseph Thomson £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Williams £3 8s 3d
John Wills £3 8s 3d
Joseph Woodman £3 8s 3d
Jeremiah Worrill £3 8s 3d

Centrinels total £136 10s 7½d

Fourth Company
Thomas Kempthorne, 1st Lieutenant - Salary £10 0s 0d; diet money £6 10s 10½d; house rent £2 10s 0d – total £19 10s 10½d

Sergeants
John Leighton, to 6 July inclusive, the day he died £8 10s 0d
William Oakman £6 14s 6d
William Moor £6 14s 6d
George Masters, to 6 July inclusive as Corporal £1 5s 1d, from 7 July to 30 September as Sergeant £6 6s 8d – total £6 10s 6d

Sergeants total £20 8s 7d

Carried over £1295 14s 2d.

Brought forward, the total stood at £1119 8s 7½d, with £75 2s 1½d carried over for the sentinels.

Additional sentinels were recorded as follows: Charles Newcomb, Valentine Noble, Thomas Oliver, Thomas Payne, George Peacock, William Pendry, James Pewtor, John Pasfwoder, Thomas Pledger, Francis Reed, William Robinson, David Scott, Robert Slack, Joseph Thomson, Benjamin Williams, John Wills, Joseph Woodman, and Jeremiah Worrill each received £3 8s 3d.

The total for the sentinels came to £136 10s 7½d.

For the Fourth Company, Thomas Kempthorne, First Lieutenant, received £10 in salary, £6 10s 10½d in diet money, and £2 10s in house rent, amounting to £19 10s 10½d.

Among the sergeants, John Leighton, who died on the 6th of July, was paid £8 10s; William Oakman and William Moor each received £6 14s 6d; and George Masters was paid £1 5s 1d for his service as corporal up to the 6th of July and £6 6s 8d as sergeant from the 7th of July to the end of September, totalling £6 10s 6d.

The combined amount for the sergeants was £20 8s 7d.

This brought the total to £1295 14s 2d.

271

267

Brought over £1295 14s 2d

Corporals
John Walther £4 7s 9d
George French £4 7s 9d
Thomas Draper, to 6 July inclusive as Centinel £1 5s 3¾d, and from 7 July to 30 September inclusive as Corporal £4 2s 8d – total £4 7s 11¾d

Total Corporals £13 2s 7¾d

Gilbert Clees, Drummer £4 7s 9d

Centrinels
James Allen £3 8s 3d
John Allis £3 8s 3d
Thomas Booret £3 8s 3d
John Barden £3 8s 3d
Isaac Bennett £3 8s 3d
William Barrett £3 8s 3d
Philip Catchpole £3 8s 3d
Edward Cocker £3 8s 3d
George Exton, to 12 August inclusive, the day he deserted £1 12s 3¾d
Samuel Eales £3 8s 3d
Jonathan Godby £3 8s 3d
Francis Goodbody £3 8s 3d
John Gilbert £3 8s 3d
James Green £3 8s 3d
James Hall £3 8s 3d
John Haysley £3 8s 3d
Job Harrison £3 8s 3d
James Heales £3 8s 3d
William Harris £3 8s 3d
John Lloyd £3 8s 3d
Moses Menanto £3 8s 3d
Duncan McLarron £3 8s 3d
James O’Brian £3 8s 3d

Centrinels total £76 13s 7¾d

Carried over £1313 4s 6¾d.

Brought forward, the total amounted to £1295 14s 2d.

Among the corporals, John Walther and George French each received £4 7s 9d, while Thomas Draper was paid £1 5s 3¾d for his service as a sentinel to the 6th of July and £4 2s 8d for his service as a corporal from the 7th of July to the 30th of September, totalling £4 7s 11¾d. The corporals’ combined pay amounted to £13 2s 7¾d.

Gilbert Clees, Drummer, received £4 7s 9d.

The sentinels were listed as follows: James Allen, John Allis, Thomas Booret, John Barden, Isaac Bennett, William Barrett, Philip Catchpole, Edward Cocker, Samuel Eales, Jonathan Godby, Francis Goodbody, John Gilbert, James Green, James Hall, John Haysley, Job Harrison, James Heales, William Harris, John Lloyd, Moses Menanto, Duncan McLarron, and James O’Brian each received £3 8s 3d. George Exton, who deserted on the 12th of August, received £1 12s 3¾d up to that date.

The total for the sentinels came to £76 13s 7¾d.

This brought the total amount to £1313 4s 6¾d.

272

268

Centrinels brought over £76 13s 7¾d
Total brought over £1313 4s 6¾d

James Peplow £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Pearson £3 8s 3d
Edward Ricketts £3 8s 3d
David Robinson £3 8s 3d
Thomas Reynolds £3 8s 3d
Arnold Saffery £3 8s 3d
Daniel Sargeant £3 8s 3d
John Smith £3 8s 3d
Charles Soakes £3 8s 3d
Timothy Sullivan £3 8s 3d
Thomas Short £3 8s 3d
William Taylor £3 8s 3d
Edward Tovey £3 8s 3d
Joseph Uffin £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Williams £3 8s 3d
John Walker £3 8s 3d
Robert Wright £3 8s 3d

Centrinels total £134 13s 10¾d

Artillery Company
John French, Master Gunner - salary £13 8s 9d; diet money £6 10s 10½d; house rent £2 10s 0d – total £22 15s 7½d

Gunners’ Mates
Isaac Leech £4 17s 6d
Nathan Sample £4 17s 6d
Roger Nivanson £4 17s 6d
James Pritchard £4 17s 6d
Elijah Leech £4 17s 6d
William Turner £4 17s 6d
John Butlers £4 17s 6d
John Whitchurch £4 17s 6d

Total for Gunners’ Mates £39 0s 0d

Carried over £1509 14s 1d.

Brought forward, the total stood at £1313 4s 6¾d, with £76 13s 7¾d carried over for the sentinels.

Additional sentinels were as follows: James Peplow, Benjamin Pearson, Edward Ricketts, David Robinson, Thomas Reynolds, Arnold Saffery, Daniel Sargeant, John Smith, Charles Soakes, Timothy Sullivan, Thomas Short, William Taylor, Edward Tovey, Joseph Uffin, Benjamin Williams, John Walker, and Robert Wright each received £3 8s 3d.

The total pay for the sentinels came to £134 13s 10¾d.

In the Artillery Company, John French, Master Gunner, received a salary of £13 8s 9d, with £6 10s 10½d for diet money and £2 10s for house rent, totalling £22 15s 7½d.

The Gunners’ Mates, Isaac Leech, Nathan Sample, Roger Nivanson, James Pritchard, Elijah Leech, William Turner, John Butlers, and John Whitchurch each received £4 17s 6d, bringing their combined total to £39 0s 0d.

This brought the overall total to £1509 14s 1d.

273

269

Brought over £1509 14s 1d

Quarter Gunners
John Nottage £4 7s 9d
John Artingstall £4 7s 9d
Edward Arnold £4 7s 9d
John Watkins £4 7s 9d
Adam Milburn £4 7s 9d
Henry Carter £4 7s 9d
Joseph Thomas £4 7s 9d
William Widman £4 7s 9d

Total for Quarter Gunners £35 2s 0d

Matroses
Joseph Boswell £4 1s 3d
Samuel Clark £4 1s 3d
John Smith, Senior £4 1s 3d
Anthony Day £4 1s 3d
Philip Hilliard £4 1s 3d
Peter Bath £4 1s 3d
Edward Cullimore £4 1s 3d
Robert Vickars £4 1s 3d
John Cavody £4 1s 3d
John Smith, Junior £4 1s 3d
Darby Coles £4 1s 3d
William Campbell £4 1s 3d
John Peters £4 1s 3d
John Bradley £4 1s 3d
Richard Billington £4 1s 3d
Abraham Ratcliff £4 1s 3d
Andrew Barton £4 1s 3d
Adam Watson £4 1s 3½d
William Orms, to 10 September inclusive, the day he deserted £3 5s 0d
Lawrence Peterson, to 4 September inclusive, the day he was discharged £3 5s 0d

Total for Matroses £79 11s 7½d

Superannuated
Richard Findley, Overseer £3 8s 3d
Joseph Whaley, Sergeant £3 8s 3d
William Burnham, Sergeant £3 8s 3d
Francis Funge, Armourer £6 7s 2½d

Total £172 10s 5¼d

Grand total £1640 13s 1d.

Brought forward, the total stood at £1509 14s 1d.

Among the quarter gunners, John Nottage, John Artingstall, Edward Arnold, John Watkins, Adam Milburn, Henry Carter, Joseph Thomas, and William Widman each received £4 7s 9d, amounting together to £35 2s 0d.

The matroses were as follows: Joseph Boswell, Samuel Clark, John Smith Senior, Anthony Day, Philip Hilliard, Peter Bath, Edward Cullimore, Robert Vickars, John Cavody, John Smith Junior, Darby Coles, William Campbell, John Peters, John Bradley, Richard Billington, Abraham Ratcliff, Andrew Barton, and Adam Watson each received £4 1s 3d, except that Watson was paid £4 1s 3½d. William Orms, who deserted on the 10th of September, and Lawrence Peterson, who was discharged on the 4th of September, each received £3 5s 0d. The total for the matroses amounted to £79 11s 7½d.

Among the superannuated, Richard Findley, overseer, Joseph Whaley and William Burnham, both sergeants, each received £3 8s 3d, while Francis Funge, armourer, was paid £6 7s 2½d. Their combined total came to £16 12s 11½d.

This brought the overall total to £1640 13s 1d.

274

270

16th October
Dr John Clark Paymaster

1749
Septr 30 To Cash received from the Honble Companys
Cash Chest £1746 13s 7d
Carried over £1746 13s 7d

On the 16th of October 1749, John Clark, Paymaster, recorded the following entry.

On the 30th of September, he received from the Honourable Company’s cash chest the sum of £1746 13s 7d.

This amount was carried forward as £1746 13s 7d.

275

271

Per Contra

1749
July 1
By Cash paid Richard Gurling for Knives to Cut Rushes for the Honble Companys Use in this Quarter £3 4s 9d

Augt 10
By Cash paid George Exton for Relisting to serve the Honble Company as a Soldier for five Years £5 5s

Septr 22
By Cash paid the following persons for Relisting to serve the Honble Company as Soldiers for five Years to commence from this day Vizt
John Chapman £5 5s
Joseph Lovett £5 5s
Thomas Taylor £5 5s
Stephen Willoughby £5 5s
John Eales £5 5s
Thomas Lawrence £5 5s
James Mills £5 5s
Isaac Holmes £5 5s
Edward Walker £5 5s
£47 5s

Septr 30
By Cash paid Thomas Jarvis for cutting out Clothes for the Honble Companys Slaves in this Quarter £3 7s 6d
By Do paid Stephen Willoughby and William Hurlock for Baking one Hundred Sixty Batches of Bread for the Garrison at 10d per Batch in this Quarter £6 13s 4d
By Do paid Michael Frost for cleaning and mending a Clock and soldering the sockets of two Silver Salvers in this Quarter £0 10s
By Do paid Edward Arnold for making Collers for Horses and making a bag for the flag at Ruperts in this Quarter £0 9s 6d
By Do paid Isaac Leech for making two flags, one for Ruperts and the other for the two gun Ridge, and four days work at mending of flags in this Quarter £2 7s
Carried over £63 14s

The Paymaster’s account for the quarter showed the following disbursements.

On the 1st of July 1749, £3 4s 9d was paid to Richard Gurling for knives used to cut rushes for the Honourable Company’s service during the quarter.

On the 10th of August, £5 5s was paid to George Exton as a bounty for re-enlisting to serve the Honourable Company as a soldier for five years.

On the 22nd of September, £47 5s was paid in total to the following men for re-enlisting to serve as soldiers for five years from that date: John Chapman, Joseph Lovett, Thomas Taylor, Stephen Willoughby, John Eales, Thomas Lawrence, James Mills, Isaac Holmes, and Edward Walker, each receiving £5 5s.

On the 30th of September, £3 7s 6d was paid to Thomas Jarvis for cutting out clothing for the Honourable Company’s slaves during the quarter.

On the same date, £6 13s 4d was paid to Stephen Willoughby and William Hurlock for baking one hundred and sixty batches of bread for the garrison at ten pence per batch.

In addition, £0 10s was paid to Michael Frost for cleaning and repairing a clock and for soldering the sockets of two silver salvers; £0 9s 6d to Edward Arnold for making horse collars and a flag bag for Rupert’s; and £2 7s to Isaac Leech for making two flags, one for Rupert’s and another for the two-gun ridge, and for four days’ work mending flags.

The total carried forward amounted to £63 14s.

276

272

16th October
Dr John Clark Paymaster

1749
Septr 30
Brought over £1746 13s 7d

£1746 13s 7d

On the 16th of October 1749, John Clark, Paymaster, recorded that as of the 30th of September, the sum brought forward from the previous entry amounted to £1746 13s 7d.

The balance of £1746 13s 7d was carried forward accordingly.

277

273

Per Contra

1749
Septr 30

Brought over £63 14s

By Cash paid Richard Bagley for 7 Bushels of potatoes at 5s p Bushel & 300 Lemons at 2s p hundred for the use of the Honble Companys Table in this Quarter £2 11s

By Do paid sundry persons for Rowing in the pinnace this Quarter £3

By Do paid Abraham Major for Shoeing of Horses and burning them of the Lampers in this Quarter £5 6s

By Do paid sundry persons for coming Express with Account of Ships to Windward in this Quarter £1 10s

By Do paid William Dufforn for Assisting the Surgeon 16 days in this Quarter £1 11s 6d

By Do paid Mr John Goven on Accot of Capt Brown’s Bills of Exchange £16 1s 6d

By Do paid Samuel Eales for mending Lanthorns in this Quarter £2

By Do paid William Oakman being employed as Carpenter in the room of Henry Moyce, who resigned the Honble Companys Service £12 10s

By Do paid the Balance of Ship Prince of Wales Accot omitted to be entered last Quarter £6 8s 8d

By Do paid the Honble Companys Officers and Servants their Salarys, Diet Money etc for the Quarter commencing July the 1st 1749, ending Septr 30th 1749 £1646 13s 1d

£1746 13s 7d

Island St Helena
September 30th 1749

Errors Excepted
John Clark Paymaster

The Paymaster’s quarterly account continued as follows.

As of the 30th of September 1749, the balance brought forward was £63 14s.

Payments made during the quarter were:

£2 11s to Richard Bagley for seven bushels of potatoes at five shillings per bushel, and three hundred lemons at two shillings per hundred, for the Honourable Company’s table; £3 to sundry persons for rowing in the pinnace; £5 6s to Abraham Major for shoeing horses and treating them for lampers [inflammation in the mouth]; £1 10s to various persons sent express with news of ships to windward; £1 11s 6d to William Dufforn for assisting the surgeon for sixteen days; £16 1s 6d to Mr John Goven on account of Captain Brown’s bills of exchange; £2 to Samuel Eales for mending lanterns; £12 10s to William Oakman, who was employed as carpenter in place of Henry Moyce, who had resigned from the Honourable Company’s service; £6 8s 8d to settle the balance of the Prince of Wales account which had been omitted from the previous quarter; and £1646 13s 1d to the Honourable Company’s officers and servants for their salaries, diet money, and allowances for the quarter from the 1st of July to the 30th of September 1749.

The total disbursed amounted to £1746 13s 7d.

Certified:
Island of St Helena,
30 September 1749.
Errors excepted,
John Clark, Paymaster.

278

274

16 October

The following is the List of Remains in the Honble

Companys Stores taken the 30 September 1749 Vizt

Inventory of Stores remaining in the Honble

Companys Ware Houses the 30 September 1749 Vizt

Anchors Vizt

6 Anchors

1 Do on the West Rocks

2 Iron Hoops

£ 105 18 10

Bunting Vizt

1 pr 33½ Yards White

1 4 6½

6 pr 8 Yards Red

8 18 6

6 pr 7 Yards Blue

7 14 1

17 17 1½

Broad Cloth Vizt

20 Yds Scarlet

16 6 8

28 Yds Grey

11 18

89 Yds Sorted

75 13

103 17 8

Bread & Flour Vizt

614 Ct on the 14 Flour

460 11 11

23 Ct

19 9 7

480 1 6

Braziers Ware Vizt

12 Small Skimmers

1 9 8½

4 Large Do

10 8

4 Do

1 4

2 Do

1 8 8

11 Flat Brass Candlesticks

1 2

3 Do

7

Braziers Ware Carried over £ 6 2 ½

Carried over £ 707 15 1½

The account turned from the quarter's collection to the annual inventory, the list of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse taken on 30 September 1749, opening with the anchors, bunting, broad cloth, bread and flour and brazier's ware, the brazier's ware carried over at £6 2s 0.5d and the whole at £707 15s 1d.

Inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse, 30 September 1749

Anchors, £105 18s 10d

6 anchors

1 anchor on the West Rocks

2 iron hoops

Bunting, £17 17s 1.5d

1 piece 3.5 yards white, £1 4s 6.5d

6 pieces 8 yards red, £8 18s 6d

6 pieces 7 yards blue, £7 14s 1d

Broad cloth, £103 17s 8d

20 yards scarlet, £16 6s 8d

28 yards grey, £11 18s 0d

89 yards sorted, £75 13s 0d

Bread and flour, £480 1s 6d

61,014 lb flour, £460 11s 11d

25 lb bread, £19 9s 7d

Brazier's ware

12 small skimmers, £1 9s 8.5d

4 large skimmers, £0 10s 8d

4 skimmers, £1 4s 0d

2 skimmers, £1 8s 8d

11 flat brass candlesticks, £1 2s 0d

3 flat brass candlesticks, £0 7s 0d

Brazier's ware carried over, £6 2s 0.5d

Carried over, £707 15s 1d

Interpretations

The annual inventory taken at the turn of the Company's year on 30 September was the great stocktaking against which the whole trade of the settlement was checked, every class of goods remaining in the warehouse counted and valued so the store's books could be balanced and sent home. The bread and flour dominated the opening leaf at £480, the sixty-one thousand pounds of flour by far the heaviest single holding, the settlement keeping a great reserve of the imported staple against the shipping season and the failure of its own crops, a store of provision far larger than any month's consumption.

The anchors held at £105 were among the most valuable single items the warehouse carried, the heavy ground tackle a harbourless roadstead most needed, one kept ready on the West Rocks where ships moored against the alarms. Their weight in the inventory marks the peculiar want of a station with no harbour, where a ship rode to her anchors in the open sea and a spare bower or sheet anchor ashore was a stock worth more than most of the cloth and provision beside it, the island holding for the shipping what no port ashore could supply.

279

275

1749

Brought over £ 707 15 1½

Braziers Ware Brought over £ 6 2 ½

6 flat Brass Candlesticks

1 1 9

2 Do

5 6

3 Do

7 4½

4 Warming Pans

2 5

3 Copper Pumps

1 15

1 Small Brass Cock

2 5½

2 large Do

14 3½

21 Ladles

2 6 4½

2 Copper Boiling Pots

3 2 3½

14 pr Candlesticks

4 1 8

3 Copper Saucepans

10 6

5 Coffee Pots

1 15

4 Ca Boxa

3 4

6 Brass for Soddering

12 7

25 3 2

Blocks Vizt

4 Iron bound Cat Blocks

1 3 8

2 Do Snatch

1 7 6

2 Do Double Top

15

1 Do Single Do

4 Do Dead Eyes

6 5 10

10 Dead Eyes

10

4 Double long Tackles

10

1 Topsail Sheet Shouldered

6

1 Do Cook

3 Clew Garnets

4 10½

1 Topsail Tye

5

11 8 10½

Brandy 802 Gallons

173 13 4

Buckram Vizt

11 pr 8 Yards Buckram

10 1 7½

15 pr Hair Cloths

13 6

7 pr 63 Yds Osnabrigs

30 8 8

41 3 10

Carried over £ 959 6 4

The account carried over at £707 15s 1d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse running on through the brazier's ware, blocks, brandy and buckram to the £959 6s 4d carried forward.

Brought over, £707 15s 1d

Brazier's ware brought over, £6 2s 0.5d

6 flat brass candlesticks, £1 1s 9d

9 flat brass candlesticks, £0 5s 6d

3 flat brass candlesticks, £0 7s 4.5d

4 warming pans, £2 5s 0d

3 copper pumps, £1 15s 0d

1 small brass cock, £0 2s 5.5d

2 large brass cocks, £0 14s 3.5d

21 ladles, £2 6s 4.5d

2 copper boiling pots, £3 2s 3.5d

14 pairs candlesticks, £4 1s 8d

3 copper saucepans, £0 10s 6d

5 coffee pots, £1 15s 0d

4 candle boxes, £0 3s 4d

6 lb brass for soldering, £0 12s 7d

Total, £25 3s 2d

Blocks, £11 8s 10.5d

4 iron-bound cat blocks, £1 5s 8d

2 iron-bound snatch blocks, £1 7s 6d

2 iron-bound double top blocks, £0 15s 0d

1 iron-bound single top block, £0 15s 0d

4 pairs dead eyes, £6 5s 10d

10 dead eyes, £0 10s 0d

4 double long tackles, £0 10s 0d

1 topsail sheet shouldered block, £0 6s 0d

1 topsail sheet hook block, £0 6s 0d

3 clew garnets, £0 5s 0d

1 topsail tye, £0 5s 0d

Brandy, 802 gallons, £173 13s 4d

Buckram, £41 3s 10d

11 pieces 8 yards buckram, £10 1s 7.5d

15 pieces hair cloths, £0 13s 6.5d

7 pieces 63 yards osnaburg, £30 8s 8d

Carried over, £959 6s 4d

Interpretations

The blocks and ships' tackle held in store show the warehouse serving as a chandlery for the shipping as much as a shop for the settlement, cat and snatch blocks, dead eyes, top blocks and the topsail gear that a vessel refitting in the road might need to replace. These were the running rigging of a sailing ship, the blocks through which her ropes were rove and the dead eyes that set up her shrouds, kept in stock against a ship that came in damaged, the island holding the means to help refit the Company's craft far from any dockyard.

The brandy at £173 for eight hundred gallons was the single heaviest holding after the flour, the great reserve of spirit the settlement kept for its trade and its own consumption. Brandy ran through the whole record as the staple drink sold to servant, planter and slave and served in drams on musters and to the sick, and its bulk in the inventory marks the store laying in a year's supply against the uncertain arrival of the arrack that more usually came from India, the European spirit filling the place of the eastern when the coast ships failed to furnish it.

280

276

16 October

Brought over £ 959 6 4

Coals 3 Chaldron 33 Bushels£

7 7 1½

Copper Money 6 Ct 8 Ct 6 pd half pence

133 10

Cutlery Ware Vizt

56 Ivory Combs

2 9

62 Do

3 17 5

24 Horn Do

2 9

78 Horse Do

7

73 pr Leather Garters

1 10 5

111 Butchers Knives

1 7 9

159 pr Shoe Buckles

3 3 8½

133 pr Knee Do

3 11½

2 dozn Ivory Handle Knives & forks

1 2 11

13 4 11

Cart Wheels Vizt

31 Iron Box for Wheel & hand Barrows

1 Do broke

2 15 4

Corks Vizt

1½ Gross Corks

1 8 10½

16½ Sheet Cork

5 10

1 14 8½

Cordage Vizt

36 Ct 3 24 Cordage

84 5

1 4 Saw Rope

18

84 10 5

Canvas Vizt

2 pr 4 Yds Duck

5 6 4

4 pr Sacking old Store

3 4 8

13 pr 10½ Yds Do Mouldwaigh

21 0 3

3 pr English Canvas

5 12 6

35 4 9

Camblet Vizt

2 pr Blue

1 pr Brown

11 11 9

1 pr Scarlet

6 12 8

18 4 5

Carried over £ 1265 16 10

The account carried over at £959 6s 4d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse running on through the coals, copper money, cutlery, cartwheels, corks, cordage, canvas and camlet to the £1,263 16s 10d carried forward.

Brought over, £959 6s 4d

Coals, 3 chaldrons 33 bushels, £7 7s 1.5d

Copper money, 63,860 halfpence, £133 0s 10d

Cutlery ware, £23 4s 11d

56 ivory combs, £2 9s 0d

62 ivory combs, £3 17s 5d

24 horn combs, £0 2s 9d

28 horse combs, £0 7s 0d

73 pairs leather garters, £1 10s 3d

111 butchers' knives, £1 7s 8d

139 pairs shoe buckles, £3 3s 8.5d

133 pairs knee buckles, £3 0s 11.5d

1 dozen ivory-handle knives and forks, £1 2s 11d

Cartwheels, £2 15s 4d

31 pairs boxes for wheel and hand barrows

1 pair boxes

Corks, £1 14s 8.5d

1.5 gross corks, £1 8s 10.5d

10.5 sheets cork, £0 5s 10d

Cordage, £84 10s 5d

36 hundredweight 3 quarters 24 lb cordage, £84 0s 5d

1 hundredweight 1 quarter 4 lb sawrope, £0 18s 0d

Canvas, £33 4s 9d

2 pieces 4 yards duck, £5 6s 4d

4 pieces sacking, old store, £3 4s 8d

13 pieces 10.5 yards Marlborough, £21 0s 3d

3 pieces English canvas, £5 12s 6d

Camlet, £18 4s 5d

2 pieces blue, £11 11s 9d

1 piece brown, and 1 piece scarlet, £6 12s 8d

Carried over, £1,263 16s 10d

Interpretations

The copper money at £133, sixty-three thousand eight hundred and sixty halfpence, was the standing hoard of Irish copper coin the warehouse had carried unmoved through several years of inventory. This was small change against the island's want of a low coinage, held in bulk in the store rather than in circulation, the settlement running on foreign silver and gold for its larger dealings while this great parcel of copper lay by, a reserve of petty money the inventory booked year after year at the same figure.

The Marlborough canvas among the sailcloth marks the store holding the goods landed short or damaged from the ship of that name earlier in the year, the cloth entered under her name and now standing in the yearly stock. Camlet was a fine cloth of wool mixed with silk or hair, sold by the piece in blue, brown and scarlet, one of the better dress cloths the warehouse carried against the coarse buckram, osnaburg and sacking beside it, the inventory ranging the whole trade from the plainest working canvas to the finest coloured stuff the settlement's households might buy.

281

277

1749

Brought over £ 1265 16 10

Deals &ca Vizt

192 Single Deals

£ 16

59 Double Do

7 7 6

16 Spars

1 14 8

16 pr Riga Timber

33 18 8

68 Bundle Laths

3 16 6

3 Wainscot Boards

2 2 6

7 Do broke

24 pr Oak plank

27 8

13 Elm Boards

1 19 8

1 Do broke

23 pr Elm plank

21 15 6

116 3

Beef & Pork Vizt

94 Puncheons 34 pr Beef

1146 12 4

105 Hhds 7 pr Pork

904 7 1

2050 19 5

Garlix 4 pr 16 Yards

11 14

Earthen Ware Vizt

1 Stone Jugg

1 6

12 Earthen pans

8 9

10 3

Flannel 22 Yards

1 10 3

Grindstones 1

13 6

Glaziers Ware Vizt

14 Sqr Glass 12 by 12

10 2½

151 Do 8 by 10

6 18 3

11 Do Crown Glass

4 7

2 pint Decanters old Store

4 8

1 Do

11

7 Quart Decanters

1 4 6

4 Beer Glasses

4

Glaziers Ware Carried over £ 9 7 3½

Carried over £ 3457 9 3

The account carried over at £1,263 16s 10d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse running on through the deals, beef and pork, garlix, earthenware, flannel, grindstones and glazier's ware, the glazier's ware carried over at £9 7s 3.5d and the whole at £3,457 9s 3d.

Brought over, £1,263 16s 10d

Deals, £116 3s 0d

192 single deals, £16 0s 0d

59 double deals, £7 7s 6d

16 spars, £1 14s 8d

16 pieces Riga timber, £33 18s 8d

68 bundles laths, £3 16s 6d

3 wainscot boards, £2 2s 6d

7 wainscot boards broke, £2 6s 0d

24 pieces oak plank, £27 8s 0d

13 elm boards, £1 19s 8d

1 elm board broke, £21 15s 6d

23 pieces elm plank, £21 15s 6d

Beef and pork, £2,050 19s 5d

94 puncheons 34 lb beef, £1,146 12s 4d

103 hogsheads 7 lb pork, £904 7s 1d

Garlix, 4 pieces 16 yards, £11 14s 0d

Earthenware, £0 10s 3d

1 stone jug, £0 1s 6d

12 earthen pans, £0 8s 9d

Flannel, 22 yards, £1 10s 3d

Grindstones, 1, £0 13s 6d

Glazier's ware

14 squares glass, 12 by 12, £0 10s 2.5d

151 squares glass, 8 by 10, £6 18s 5d

11 pieces crown glass, £0 4s 7d

2 pint decanters, old store, £0 4s 8d

2 pint decanters, £0 0s 11d

1 decanter, £1 4s 6d

7 quart decanters, £0 4s 0d

4 beer glasses, £0 [...]

Glazier's ware carried over, £9 7s 3.5d

Carried over, £3,457 9s 3d

Interpretations

The beef and pork at over £2,050 was by far the greatest single holding in the whole inventory, dwarfing even the flour and the anchors, ninety-four puncheons of beef and a hundred and three hogsheads of pork standing salted in the warehouse. This was the settlement's strategic reserve of provision, the salt meat that fed the garrison and slaves through the year and victualled the homeward ships, laid in against the season when six or seven Indiamen might victual at once and against the failure of the island's own herds, a store of imported meat worth more than all the rest of the warehouse together.

The Riga timber, oak plank and elm boards among the deals mark the imported building wood the settlement wholly depended on, named for the Baltic port that supplied much of northern Europe's timber. An island that grew no useful building wood held a great stock of sawn and squared timber against every repair, the store carrying even the broken boards at a reduced value rather than discarding them, the whole scarcity of wood that ran through the record answered by this costly reserve shipped half across the world to keep the houses, boats and gun carriages in repair.

282

278

16 October

Brought over £ 3447 9 3

Glaziers Ware Brought over £ 9 7 3½

21 Tumblers

9 7

102 Wine Glasses

2 6 9

3 four hour Glasses

10

1 three hour Do

3 4

1 half Minute Do

6½

10 half hour Do

5 5

3 pr fine Cruits

10 9½

2 pr Cutt Bottom Do

8 9½

1 pr Ordinary Do

3 6

2 Globe Lamps

17 8

15 4 8½

Hats Vizt

10 Mens fine Hats

8 15 10

15 Boys Do

4 2 6

22 Soldiers Do

3 6

15 18 10

Hooks & Lines Vizt

30 4 Gross Hooks Sorted

27 17 4

1100 pr Grantham

5 1

30 900 Blue Hooks

4 3 8

5 Lines No 6

2 3½

1 Log Line

10½

2 doz 4 Damaged Lines

17 6

29 doz 10 Lines Sorted

5 17 5½

1 Seane

6 17 6

50 17 7½

Haberdashery Ware Vizt

2 pr Carnation Tape

10

8 pr 1½ Whale Bone

2 2 2

5 pr 6 Mohair

6 9

5 Silk

8 3

Haberdashery Ware Carried over £ 9 5

Carried over £ 3530 5

The account carried over at £3,457 9s 3d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse running on through the glazier's ware, hats, hooks and lines and haberdashery, the haberdashery carried over at £9 0s 3d and the whole at £3,530 0s 5d.

Brought over, £3,457 9s 3d

Glazier's ware brought over, £9 7s 3.5d

21 tumblers, £0 9s 7d

102 wine glasses, £2 6s 9d

3 four-hour glasses, £0 10s 0d

1 three-hour glass, £0 3s 4d

1 half-minute glass, £0 0s 6.5d

10 half-hour glasses, £0 5s 5d

3 pairs fine cruets, £0 19s 9.5d

2 pairs cut-bottom cruets, £0 8s 9.5d

1 pair ordinary cruets, £0 3s 6d

2 globe lamps, £0 17s 8d

Hats, £15 4s 8.5d

10 men's fine hats, £8 15s 10d

15 boys' hats, £4 2s 0d

22 soldiers' hats, £3 0s 0d

Hooks and lines, £15 18s 10d

30 gross 4 hooks sorted, £2 17s 4d

11,100 Grantham hooks, £5 1s 0d

30,900 blue hooks, £4 3s 8d

5 lines no. 6, £0 2s 3.5d

1 log line, £0 0s 10.5d

2 dozen 4 damaged lines, £0 17s 6d

29 dozen 10 lines sorted, £5 17s 5.5d

1 seine, £6 17s 6d

Haberdashery ware

2 pieces carnation tape, £0 0s 10d

8.5 gross whalebone, £2 2s 2d

5 gross mohair, £6 9s 0d

5 dozen silk, £0 8s 3d

Haberdashery ware carried over, £9 0s 3d

Carried over, £3,530 0s 5d

Interpretations

The hooks and lines held in great quantity, over thirty thousand blue hooks and eleven thousand of the Grantham sort besides the sorted gross, mark fishing as a standing concern of the settlement rather than a casual trade. The Grantham hooks were named for the ship that had brought them, and the seine, a long weighted net drawn through the water to enclose a shoal, was the dearest single item of the class at nearly seven pounds. The store held the whole apparatus of the fishery, hook, line and net, against the island's constant want of fish and the part they played in feeding both the garrison and the slaves.

The glass sand-glasses among the glazier's ware, running from the half-minute through the hour to the four-hour, were the timekeepers of the watch and the log, the half-minute glass used with the log line to measure a ship's speed and the longer glasses to mark the periods of the guard and the day. Their presence in the store marks the settlement supplying the instruments of time to the shipping and its own watches, the sand-glass still the common measure of the passing hour on land and sea alike, kept in stock beside the drinking glass and the cruet as an ordinary article of trade.

283

279

1749

Brought over £ 3530 5

Haberdashery Ware Brought over £ 9 5

23 Gross 7 dozn Mohair Coat Buttons

8 10 11½

13 Gross Do Breast Do

2 2 3

10½ Doz Tin Coat Do

2 2½

12 Gross Tin Breast Do

15

3 Gross 3½ doz Silver Coat Do

1 5½

1 Gross Silver Breast Do

3 4

4 Gross 3½ doz Gilt Coat Do

2 14 7½

3 Gross 3 doz Do Breast Do

1 6

13 Gross Shirt Buttons

1 3 9

1 Gross 6 doz White Waistcoat Buttons

4 9½

400 Needls

2 2½

27 6

Hosiers Ware Vizt

533 pr Mens Thread Stockings

64 19 2½

8 pr Mens Wove Do

1 9 4

19 pr Mens Knit Do

2 12 3

9 pr Boys Stockings

12 10

31 pr Womens Do

4 13 7

1 pr Mens Silk Do

4 12 9

31 Scotch Bonnets

2

80 19 11½

Iron Pots Vizt

3 12 Gallon Pots

1 16 3

1 6 Do broke

6 3

3 4 Do

12 6

3 3 Do

7 6

3 1 Do

7 6

3 9 9½

Iron 26 Ct 2 3

20 9 1

Carried over £ 3661 19 9

The account carried over at £3,530 0s 5d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse running on through the haberdashery, hosiery, iron pots and iron to the £3,661 19s 9d carried forward.

Brought over, £3,530 0s 5d

Haberdashery ware brought over, £9 0s 3d

23 gross 7 dozen mohair coat buttons, £8 10s 11.5d

13 gross mohair breast buttons, £2 2s 3d

10.5 dozen tin coat buttons, £0 2s 2.5d

12 gross tin breast buttons, £0 15s 0d

3 gross 3.5 dozen silver coat buttons, £1 0s 5.5d

1 gross silver breast buttons, £0 3s 4d

4 gross 5.5 dozen gilt coat buttons, £2 14s 7.5d

3 gross 3 dozen gilt breast buttons, £1 0s 6d

15 gross shirt buttons, £1 3s 9d

1 gross 6 dozen white waistcoat buttons, £0 4s 9.5d

400 needles, £0 2s 2.5d

Total, £27 0s 6d

Hosiery ware, £80 19s 11.5d

333 pairs men's thread stockings, £64 10s 2.5d

8 pairs men's worsted stockings, £1 7s 4d

19 pairs men's knit stockings, £2 12s 3d

7 pairs boys' stockings, £0 12s 10d

31 pairs women's stockings, £4 13s 7d

1 pair men's silk stockings, £4 12s 9d

31 scotch bonnets, £2 0s 0d

Iron pots, £3 9s 9.5d

3, 12-gallon pots, £1 16s 3d

1, 6-gallon pot broke, £0 6s 3d

3, 4-gallon pots, £0 12s 6d

3, 3-gallon pots, £0 7s 6d

3, 1-gallon pots, £0 7s 6d

Iron, 26 hundredweight 2 quarters 3 lb, £20 9s 1d

Carried over, £3,661 19s 9d

Interpretations

The hosiery held at over £80 turned almost wholly on the three hundred and thirty-three pairs of men's thread stockings, by far the greatest holding of the class and a stock far beyond any quarter's sale. This was the plain footwear the store issued and sold to the whole establishment, laid in by the gross against the year, with the single pair of silk stockings at £4 12s the dearest by the pair and the scotch bonnets a cheap knitted cap for the working men, the warehouse holding the whole range from the common thread to the one fine silk.

The buttons counted by the gross through every grade, mohair, tin, silver and gilt for coat and breast, show the store carrying the small mercery of the settlement in bulk, the fastenings a garrison and its households needed to make and mend their own clothes where nothing was made on the island. The graded metals from the cheap tin and mohair up to the silver and gilt let a servant or planter match the button to the coat and the purse, the whole trade in these least of goods stocked as carefully by the gross as the great holdings of meat and timber, the warehouse the sole source of every thread and button the settlement wore.

284

280

16 October

Brought over £ 3661 19 9

Ironmongers Ware Vizt

4 Iron round Locks

1 15 7

1 Till Lock

2 1

1 Scrutore Lock

2 10½

5 Iron round Locks D

5 10 4

6 Do No 2

5 3 11

21 Do A

4 9 3

11 Do B

3 13 4

6 Brass Locks

6 10

18 Pad Locks

1 13

49 Broad Hoes

4 3 8½

27 Garden Do

1 4 9

10 Jack Plaines

18 4

1 Long Do

4

5 Plaines Sorted

5 4

28 Plain Irons

12 Do Spoilt

15

8 Lopping Axes

18 8

4 Gouges

2 4

34 pr Sheep Sheers

2 3 9½

14 Adzes

1 10 4

14 Scrapers

1 3 4

5 Edging Irons

2 4½

10 Weeding Do

8 9

1 Large frying Pan

2 10

3 Stock Locks with Pipes

14 9

2 Do

3 4

19 Mawls

3 10 5½

2 Keyhole Saws

4 6

39 Pick Axes

4 4 6

2 Augers

3 3½

Ironmongers Ware Carried over £ 54 14 8½

Carried over £ 3661 19 9

The account carried over at £3,661 19s 9d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse continuing with the ironmonger's ware, the class carried over at £54 14s 8.5d and the running total held at £3,661 19s 9d.

Brought over, £3,661 19s 9d

Ironmonger's ware

4 iron-rimmed locks, £1 15s 7d

1 till lock, £0 2s 1d

1 scrutoire lock, £0 2s 10.5d

5 iron-rimmed locks, D, £5 10s 4d

6 iron-rimmed locks, no. 2, £5 3s 11d

21 iron-rimmed locks, A, £4 9s 3d

11 iron-rimmed locks, B, £3 13s 4d

6 brass locks, £6 10s 0d

18 padlocks, £1 13s 0d

49 broad hoes, £4 3s 8.5d

27 garden hoes, £1 4s 9d

10 jack planes, £0 18s 4d

1 long plane, £0 4s 4d

5 planes sorted, £0 5s 4d

28 plain irons, £0 15s 0d

12 plain irons spoilt, £0 15s 0d

8 lopping axes, £0 18s 8d

4 gouges, £0 2s 4.5d

34 pairs sheep shears, £2 3s 9.5d

14 adzes, £1 10s 4d

14 scrapers, £1 3s 4d

5 edging irons, £0 2s 4.5d

10 swifting irons, £0 8s 9d

1 large frying pan, £0 2s 10d

3 stock locks with pipes, £0 14s 9d

2 stock locks, £0 3s 4d

19 mauls, £3 10s 5.5d

2 keyhole saws, £0 4s 6d

39 pickaxes, £4 4s 0d

2 augers, £0 3s 3.5d

Ironmonger's ware carried over, £54 14s 8.5d

Carried over, £3,661 19s 9d

Interpretations

The ironmonger's ware ran to a great range of locks, from the iron-rimmed sorts marked by letter and number through the till, scrutoire and brass locks to the padlocks and stock locks, the store holding the whole security apparatus of the settlement in stock. A scrutoire lock was the lock of a writing cabinet or escritoire and a till lock that of a drawer or cash box, the graded locks matching every door, chest and desk the establishment and its households used, the warehouse the single source of the means by which the settlement kept its goods and papers safe.

The bulk of edge tools and hand tools, forty-nine broad hoes, thirty-nine pickaxes, adzes, mauls, planes and axes, shows the store furnishing the whole working equipment of a settlement that built, dug and farmed with imported iron. The plain irons and the twelve spoilt ones were the cutting blades of the planes, kept in stock to renew a worn or broken tool, and even the spoilt held at value rather than discarded. The warehouse stood as the arsenal of the island's labour, holding by the dozen and the score the tools that every repair, plantation and building needed, none of which could be forged or found on the island itself.

285

281

1749

Brought over £ 3661 19 9

Ironmongers Ware Brought over £ 54 14 8½

53 Lead Nails

1 4 3½

20 Drill Bow Strings

14 7

33 File Hafts

2 5

237 Packing Needles

1 14 6½

11 Ragstones

1 10

3 Turners Chizels & Gouges

5 6

2 pr H Hinges

16 8

9 pr Do 2 Size

2 2

19 pr H Hinges with rising Joynts

3 2

5 pr Cows Garnets

14 2

11 pr Shutter Hinges

1 4 9

12 Scyth

3 9

16 Scyth Stones

2 8

2 Garden Rakes

3 8

5 Plaisterers Trowels

10

5 Bricklayers Do

6 3

6 Do Damaged

6

9 Joyners Hatchets

18

12 doz 3 Gimblets

18 4½

81 Stone Wedges

2 14

2 Whip Saws

2 5 3

2 pr Garden Sheers

5 2

3 Hand Spitts

7 6

3 Joyners Rubstones

7 6

1 Smiths Rubber

3 2

48 doz 3 files Sorted

21 15 9

4 pr Steel Compasses

2 3

9 Turners Chizels

4 6

7 Socket Do

5 3

4 Maw Cutters

11 4

2 Stone Saws

11 3½

Ironmongers Ware Carried over £ 103 4 1½

Carried over £ 3661 19 9

The account carried over at £3,661 19s 9d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse continuing the ironmonger's ware, the class carried over at £103 4s 1.5d and the running total held at £3,661 19s 9d.

Brought over, £3,661 19s 9d

Ironmonger's ware brought over, £54 14s 8.5d

53 lead nails, £1 4s 3.5d

20 dull bow springs, £0 14s 7d

33 file hafts, £0 2s 5d

237 packing needles, £1 14s 6.5d

11 rag stones, £0 1s 10d

3 turner's chisels and gouges, £0 5s 6d

2 dozen H-hinges, £0 16s 8d

9 pairs H-hinges, second size, £2 2s 0d

19 pairs H-hinges with rising joints, £3 0s 2d

5 pairs clew garnets, £0 14s 2d

11 pairs shutter hinges, £1 4s 9d

12 scythes, £3 9s 0d

16 scythe stones, £0 2s 8d

2 garden rakes, £0 3s 8d

5 plasterers' trowels, £0 10s 0d

5 bricklayers' trowels, £0 6s 0.5d

6 bricklayers' trowels damaged, £0 6s 0d

9 joiners' hatchets, £0 18s 0d

12 dozen 3 gimlets, £0 18s 4.5d

81 stone wedges, £2 14s 0d

2 whip saws, £2 5s 3d

2 pairs garden shears, £0 5s 2d

3 hand spits, £0 7s 6d

3 joiners' rub stones, £0 3s 2d

1 smith's rubber, £0 [...]

48 dozen 3 files sorted, £21 15s 9d

4 pairs steel compasses, £0 2s 3d

9 turner's chisels, £0 4s 6d

7 socket chisels, £0 5s 3d

7 saw cutters, £0 11s 4d

4 saw cutters, £0 11s 3.5d

2 stone saws, £0 [...]

Ironmonger's ware carried over, £103 4s 1.5d

Carried over, £3,661 19s 9d

Interpretations

The files held in the greatest quantity of the class, forty-eight dozen and three sorted at £21 15s 9d, made up the single dearest holding of the ironmonger's ware, far outweighing the individual tools beside them. Files were the wearing stock of every forge and workshop, used to shape and sharpen iron and consumed steadily in the work, so that the store laid them in by the gross against a constant demand, the armourer and the smiths drawing on them as fast as any material the warehouse held.

The specialised tools of the several building trades, plasterers' and bricklayers' trowels, joiners' hatchets and rub stones, stone wedges, whip saws and saw cutters, show the store equipping every craft the settlement needed to raise and repair its buildings. The stone wedges and stone saws served the quarrying and cutting of the island's own rock for the fortifications and lime, and the whip saws the pit-sawing of the imported timber into boards. The warehouse held the full kit of mason, bricklayer, plasterer and joiner, the means by which a settlement with no native industry built and mended everything it had.

286

282

16 October

Brought over £ 3661 19 9

Ironmongers Ware Brought over £ 103 4 1½

10 pr Bone Saw heads

2 14 7

8 Spades

6 4

6 Ditching Spades

1 10 1½

4 Grafting Saws

11

5 Grubbing Hoes

14 7

8 Box Iron & Heaters

4 11 8

8 Hand Hatchets

13

46 Shod Shovels

3 3 3

1 Ditching Do

4 5½

3 pr Hand Cards

3 9

4 Bill Hooks

9 4

6 pr planking Cards

1 18 2

35 Setts

2 8

13 Cupboard Locks

1 12 6

20 Setting Hammers

6 15 1½

1 Broad Ax

3 10

2 Carpenters Axes

8 10

6 Claw Hammers

5 10½

1 Hand Saw

6 8

1 Tennant Do

6 8

1 Hand Vice

4 10

12 Knots Catt Gutts

6 7

1 Whimble Stock

4 3

2 Drill Bows

4 5

8 pr Bellows

1 10 8

6 Chafing Dishes

1 7 6

27 Helves

15 9

1 Suze Engine

5 13 6

140 18 2½

Kersey &ca Vizt

6 pr Kersey

12 7 5½

4 pr Long Ells

7 16 5

20 3 10½

Carried over £ 3823 1 10

The account carried over at £3,661 19s 9d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse closing the ironmonger's ware at £140 18s 2.5d and running on through the kersey to the £3,823 1s 10d carried forward.

Brought over, £3,661 19s 9d

Ironmonger's ware brought over, £103 4s 1.5d

10 pairs bone saw heads, £2 14s 7d

8 spades, £0 6s 4d

6 ditching spades, £1 10s 1.5d

4 grafting saws, £0 11s 0d

5 grubbing hoes, £0 14s 7d

8 box iron heaters, £4 11s 8d

8 hand hatchets, £0 13s 0d

46 shod shovels, £3 3s 3d

1 ditching shovel, £0 4s 5.5d

3 pairs hand cards, £0 5s 9d

4 bill hooks, £0 9s 4d

6 pairs planking cards, £1 18s 4d

35 setts, £0 2s 8d

13 cupboard locks, £1 12s 6d

20 setting hammers, £6 15s 1.5d

1 broad axe, £3 10s 0d

2 carpenters' axes, £0 8s 10d

6 claw hammers, £0 5s 10.5d

1 hand saw, £0 6s 8d

1 tenant saw, £0 6s 8d

1 hand vice, £0 4s 10d

12 knife cap guts, £0 6s 7d

1 whimble stock, £0 4s 3d

2 drill bows, £0 4s 5d

8 pairs bellows, £1 10s 8d

6 chafing dishes, £1 7s 6d

27 helves, £0 15s 9d

1 furze engine, £5 13s 6d

Total, £140 18s 2.5d

Kersey, £20 3s 10.5d

6 pieces kersey, £12 7s 5.5d

4 pieces long ells, £7 16s 5d

Carried over, £3,823 1s 10d

Interpretations

The ditching and grubbing tools, spades, shovels, grubbing hoes and the furze engine, mark the store equipping the constant labour of clearing and planting the island's ground. The furze engine at £5 13s 6d, an appearance of the machine first entered among the plantation charges earlier in the year, was a device for cutting or crushing furze to fodder, the whole apparatus answering the recurring want of feed for the cattle and the endless work of grubbing furze from the pastures that ran through the record. The store held the specialised gear of a settlement forever fighting to keep its ground in bearing and its stock fed.

The planking cards and hand cards among the tools were the toothed implements for combing and carding wool, kept in stock for the small domestic spinning the settlement did, and the long ells beside the kersey a coarse woollen sold by the piece. Kersey was the plainest and warmest woollen worked into soldiers' breeches and slaves' clothing, and its holding here with the long ells marks the store's reserve of the coarse cloth reserved for the garrison and the labour force, the plain durable stuff laid in against the periodic clothing issues the slaves' account had shown drawing so heavily on the warehouse.

287

283

1749

Brought over £ 3823 1 10

Lead Vizt

8 Ct 3 24 Sheet Lead

£ 8 10 4

5 Ct Pigg Do

4 13 4

10 Yds 2 Inch pipe

4 13 6

1 Ct 3 6 Small Shott

1 10 8½

19 9 10½

Masts Vizt

1 Large Mast 76 foot long 21 Inches Diameter

33 11

1 Topmast 63½ foot long 17½ Inches Diameter

21 15

½ of a Topmast

8 10

1 Topmast of Porto Bello

12

1 Cap

1 11 6

77 7 6

Mustard Seed 3 Bushels

2 19 6

Nails Vizt

4 Ct 3 21 6 Nails

10 7 4½

3 Ct 1 7 3 Do

10 16 5

4 Ct 3 3 7 Do

10 13 9

5 12 10 Do

9 10 8

2 Ct 1 3 20 Do

3 19 8

2 5 40 Do

3 6 9½

1 1 16 Spikes Nails

2 2 3

3 18 Scupper Nails

2 0 9

1 1 11 Flooring Brads

1 10 10½

2 22 Coopers Rivets

8 7 2

1 1 23 Glazeing Brads

65 15 2½

Oars Vizt

3 22 feet Oars

17

10 Do

2 3 4

3 4

Carried over £ 3991 14 3

The account carried over at £3,823 1s 10d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse running on through the lead, masts, mustard seed, nails and oars to the £3,991 14s 3d carried forward.

Brought over, £3,823 1s 10d

Lead, £19 9s 10.5d

8 hundredweight 3 quarters 24 lb sheet lead, £8 10s 4d

5 hundredweight pig lead, £4 13s 4d

10 yards 2-inch pipe, £4 15s 6d

1 hundredweight 3 quarters 6 lb small shot, £1 10s 8.5d

Masts, £77 7s 6d

1 large mast, 76 feet long, 21 inches diameter, £33 11s 0d

1 topmast, 63.5 feet long, 17.5 inches diameter, £21 15s 0d

0.5 of a topmast, £8 10s 0d

1 topmast of the Porto Bello, £12 0s 0d

1 cap, £1 11s 6d

Mustard seed, 3 bushels, £2 19s 6d

Nails, £63 15s 2.5d

4 hundredweight 3 quarters 21 lb 4-penny nails, £10 7s 4.5d

3 hundredweight 1 quarter 7 lb 6-penny nails, £10 16s 5d

4 hundredweight 3 quarters 3 lb 7-penny nails, £10 13s 9d

5 hundredweight 12 lb 10-penny nails, £9 10s 8d

2 hundredweight 1 quarter 3 lb 20-penny nails, £3 19s 8d

2 hundredweight 5 lb 40-penny nails, £3 6s 9.5d

1 hundredweight 1 quarter 16 lb spike nails, £2 2s 3d

3 hundredweight 18 lb scupper nails, £2 0s 9d

1 hundredweight 1 quarter 11 lb flooring brads, £2 13s 6d

2 hundredweight 22 lb coopers' rivets, £1 10s 10.5d

8 hundredweight 1 quarter 23 lb glazing brads, £7 2s 0d

Oars, £3 0s 4d

3, 22-feet oars, £0 17s 0d

10 oars, £2 3s 4d

The topmast of the Porto Bello was valued at £12 0s 0d.

Carried over, £3,991 14s 3d

Interpretations

The masts held in store, a great mast of seventy-six feet, a topmast, a half topmast, a spare taken from the Porto Bello and a cap, were among the most valuable single articles the warehouse carried, the heavy spare spars a ship might need to replace after a gale in the southern ocean. An island in the track of the homeward fleet held ready the largest timbers a vessel could want, the mast of the Porto Bello probably landed from that ship when she called earlier in the year, the store standing as the one place between the Cape and England where a dismasted Indiaman could be new-sparred.

The nails counted by weight and penny-size, from the small four-penny through the great forty-penny spikes, with scupper nails, flooring and glazing brads and coopers' rivets, show the store holding the whole graded range of the most basic building material by the hundredweight. The penny sizes were the old measure of a nail's length and weight, and the different sorts answered every trade, the scupper nails for the boats, the brads for floors and windows and the rivets for the coopers' casks. A settlement that built and packed everything with imported iron kept a great and carefully sorted reserve of the commonest fastening it used.

288

284

16 October

Brought over £ 3991 14 3

Oil Vizt

76 Bottles Florence

£ 9 16 4

48 Gallons Linseed

8 6

236 Gallons Train

27 17 11

46 3

Pumps 4

49 19 2

Paint Vizt

2 Ct 2 14 Venetian Red

13 1½

1 White Lead

1 8

2 3 Verdigrease

9 5 7

3 21 Umber

1 13

4 12 Chalk

2½

4 18 Brimstone

4 16 4

2 18 Blew Smalts

6 3 4

2 6 Indico

5 3 4

10 Jamaica Indico

2 15

9 White Copperas

4 9

21 Log Wood

3 9

3 Red Lead

2 13 7

4 2 Whiteing

15 2

3 Cask Blacking

1 3

37 4 9

Pitch &ca Vizt

3½ Barrels Pitch

3 18

2 Do Tar

2 16 2

1½ Do Turpentine

2 3 3

1 3 20 Rozin

2 5

11 2 7

Pewter Vizt

1 Crane

17 7

3 Gallon pott

1 9 9

9 half Gallon Do

2 6 6

Pewter Carried over £ 4 13 10

Carried over £ 4156 1

The account carried over at £3,991 14s 3d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse running on through the oil, pumps, paint, pitch and pewter, the pewter carried over at £4 13s 10d and the whole at £4,136 1s.

Brought over, £3,991 14s 3d

Oil, £46 0s 3d

76 bottles florence, £9 16s 4d

48 gallons linseed, £8 6s 0d

236 gallons train, £27 17s 11d

Pumps, 4, £49 19s 2d

Paint, £37 4s 9d

2 hundredweight 14 lb venetian red, £0 13s 1.5d

1 hundredweight white lead, £1 8s 0d

2 hundredweight 3 lb verdigris, £9 3s 7d

3 hundredweight 21 lb umber, £1 13s 0d

1 hundredweight 12 lb chalk, £0 2s 2.5d

4 hundredweight 13 lb brimstone, £4 16s 1.5d

2 hundredweight 18 lb blue smalts, £6 3s 4d

2 hundredweight 6 lb indigo, £5 3s 4d

10 lb Jamaica indigo, £2 15s 0d

9 lb white copperas, £0 4s 9d

21 lb logwood, £0 3s 9d

3 hundredweight red lead, £2 13s 7d

2 lb whiting, £0 15s 2d

3 casks bleaching, £1 3s 0d

Pitch, £11 2s 7d

3.5 barrels pitch, £3 18s 0d

2 barrels tar, £2 16s 2d

1.5 barrels turpentine, £2 3s 3d

1 hundredweight 3 quarters 20 lb rosin, £2 5s 0d

Pewter

1 crane, £0 17s 7d

3-gallon pewter, £1 9s 9d

9 half-gallon pewter, £2 6s 8d

Pewter carried over, £4 13s 10d

Carried over, £4,136 1s 0d

Interpretations

The paint class ran through the whole range of pigments and dyestuffs the settlement used to colour and preserve its buildings, boats and cloth, from the cheap chalk and whiting for whitewash to the dearer verdigris, blue smalts and the two grades of indigo. Verdigris was a green pigment made from corroded copper, and Jamaica indigo a West Indian blue dyestuff carried the length of the Atlantic, the two among the costliest lines. The store held both the pigments for painted work and the dyestuffs for colouring cloth, the whole chemistry of colour a settlement needed kept in stock by the hundredweight.

The brimstone and white copperas among the paint were less pigments than the chemical stores of the settlement, brimstone the common name for sulphur, used in medicine, in match-making for lighting fires and against vermin, and copperas a salt of iron used in dyeing and as a mordant. Their place in the inventory beside the naval stores of pitch, tar, turpentine and rosin marks the warehouse holding the raw materials of every trade and craft, the chemicals and preservatives that a self-contained settlement, cut off for months at a time, had to keep by it against every want that might arise before the next ship came in.

289

285

1749

Brought over £ 4156 1

Pewter Brought over £ 4 13 10

13 Quart Funnels

1 9 3

1 Gallon Do

18 11½

4 Dishes

1 13 4

21 Do

6 16 6

4 Cullenders

1 4 2

2 Worm Tubs & Stills

21 4 8

5 Basons

9 2

38 9 10½

Shoes Vizt

21 pr Mens fine Shoes

6 9 6

23 pr Do Yzaraps

8 6 8

126 pr Ordinary Shoes

24 13 6

8 pr Womens Callimanco

1 18 8

20 pr Womens Spanish

4 10

8 pr Womens Calf

1 2

8 pr Boys

1 8

4 pr Girls

8

48 16 4

Starch &ca 63 Hair Powder

1 16 9

Soap 12 Ct 9 pr 12

31 1 6

Salt 81 Bushels

11 12 10½

Shalloon 447½ Yards

39 1 10

Shirts Vizt

29 Sergeants Shirts

9 12 1½

371 Sentinels Do

17 5 10

9 pr Linnen

19 10

87 17 9½

Saddles 3 with furniture

6 14 3

Carried over £ 4401 12 2½

The account carried over at £4,136 1s, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse running on through the pewter, shoes, starch, soap, salt, shalloon, shirts and saddles to the £4,401 12s 2.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £4,136 1s 0d

Pewter brought over, £4 13s 10d

13 quart funnels, £1 9s 3d

1 gallon funnel, £0 18s 11.5d

4 dishes, £1 13s 4d

21 dishes, £6 16s 6d

4 colanders, £1 4s 2d

2 worm tubs and stills, £21 4s 8d

5 basins, £0 9s 2d

Total, £38 9s 10.5d

Shoes, £48 16s 4d

21 pairs men's fine shoes, £6 9s 6d

23 pairs men's Spanish, £8 6s 8d

126 pairs men's ordinary shoes, £24 13s 6d

8 pairs women's calamanco, £1 18s 8d

20 pairs women's Spanish, £4 10s 0d

8 pairs women's calf, £1 2s 0d

8 pairs boys', £1 8s 0d

4 pairs girls', £0 8s 0d

Starch, 63 lb, and hair powder, £1 16s 9d

Soap, 12 hundredweight 2 quarters, £31 1s 6d

Salt, 81 bushels, £11 12s 10.5d

Shalloon, 447.5 yards, £39 1s 10d

Shirts, £87 17s 9.5d

29 sergeants' shirts, £9 12s 1.5d

341 sentinels' shirts, £17 5s 10d

9 pieces linen, £0 19s 10d

Saddles, 3 with furniture, £6 14s 3d

Carried over, £4,401 12s 2.5d

Interpretations

The worm tubs and stills at £21 4s 8d were the dearest single item on the leaf, the apparatus for distilling spirit, a worm being the coiled condensing pipe set in its cooling tub. Their presence in the store marks the settlement's capacity to distil its own liquor when the imported arrack and brandy ran short, a standing plant kept against the uncertain supply from India and Europe, the island able to fall back on its own still when the ships failed to bring the drink its whole trade and diet leaned upon.

The great holding of shoes and shirts, a hundred and twenty-six pairs of ordinary men's shoes and over three hundred sentinels' shirts, was the clothing reserve for the garrison held against the periodic issues the quarter's accounts had shown. The store dressed the soldiers from a bulk stock laid in by the piece and the pair, the plain ordinary shoe and the sentinel's shirt in far greater number than the finer women's and children's footwear beside them, the warehouse holding the whole wardrobe of the establishment ready to clothe a garrison that could get its necessaries nowhere else.

290

286

16 October

Brought over £ 4401 12 2½

Scales & Weights Vizt

3 pr Scales Store Use

1 pr Do

15 18 7

3 Beams for Scales

1 Do Store Use

28 12

2 pr Scale Boards

1 pr Do Store Use

6 12

1 pr Do Rotten

51 2 7

Serges &ca Vizt

18¾ Yard Serge

4 4 4½

4 pr Sagathy

7 3 4

6 Yards Blue Duffil

2

15¼ Yards Scarlet Do

6 13 11½

20 3 8

Thread Vizt

236 Whited Brown

72 7

217 Coloured

35 13 4

4 7 Neons

6 6

113 19 11

Soldiers Cloths Vizt

22 Sentinels Coats

22 pr Do Breeches

32 1 8

Sailors Cloths Vizt

302 Mens Checked Shirts

57 5 1

33 Boys Do

4 10 9

7 Boys Jackets

7 pr Do Breeches

2 16 10½

64 12 8½

Tin Ware Vizt

17 pudding pans

1 5 6

8 pr Salarmoniac

2 2¾

Tin Ware Carried over £ 1 7 8¾

Carried over £ 4683 12 9

The account carried over at £4,401 12s 2.5d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse running on through the scales and weights, serges, thread, soldiers' clothes, sailors' clothes and tin ware, the tin ware carried over at £1 7s 8.5d and the whole at £4,683 12s 9d.

Brought over, £4,401 12s 2.5d

Scales and weights, £51 2s 7d

3 pairs scales, store use, £15 18s 7d

1 pair scales, store use

3 beams for scales, £28 12s 0d

1 beam, store use

2 pairs scale boards, £6 12s 0d

1 pair scale boards, store use

1 pair scale boards rotten

Serges, £20 3s 8d

18.5 yards serge, £4 4s 4.5d

4 pieces tagathy, £7 3s 4d

6 yards blue duffel, £2 0s 0d

15.25 yards scarlet duffel, £6 15s 11.5d

Thread, £113 19s 11d

236 lb white and brown, £72 0s 7d

217 lb coloured, £35 13s 4d

47 lb nuns, £6 6s 0d

Soldiers' clothes, £32 1s 8d

22 sentinels' coats, and 22 pairs sentinels' breeches

Sailors' clothes, £64 12s 8.5d

302 men's checked shirts, £57 5s 1d

33 boys' checked shirts, £4 10s 9d

7 boys' jackets, and 7 pairs boys' breeches, £2 16s 10.5d

Tin ware

17 pudding pans, £1 5s 6d

8.25 sal ammoniac, £0 2s 2.5d

Tin ware carried over, £1 7s 8.5d

Carried over, £4,683 12s 9d

Interpretations

The thread held at nearly £114 was among the heaviest holdings of the whole inventory, over four hundred and fifty pounds of white, brown, coloured and fine nuns' thread laid in by the pound. This great reserve marks the settlement's dependence on the store for the means to make and mend all its own clothing and canvas work, the thread consumed steadily in every household and by the sailmaker and tailor, the warehouse holding a stock far beyond any quarter's use against the long intervals between ships.

The scales, weights and beams kept for store use were the instruments by which the whole trade of the warehouse was conducted, the means of weighing out every commodity sold and issued, and their value of over £50 marks how much the accurate reckoning of weight mattered to an establishment that priced everything by the pound and hundredweight. The store kept spare scales and beams against the failure of those in use, even carrying a rotten pair still valued in the count, the apparatus of exact measure held as carefully as the goods it measured, the honesty of the store's dealing resting on the beams it kept.

291

287

1749

Brought over £ 4683 12 9

Tin Ware Brought over £ 1 7 8¾

1 large Glass Lanthorn

9 6¼

480 Lanthorn Leaves

4

1 Coffee pot broke

1 5

3 Driping Pans

13 6

3 Watering Pots

18 9

1 Large Horn Lanthorn

4

1 Small Do

2 6

24 large Lamps

2

26 Small Do

1 1 8

12 pint Saucepans

4 6

11 3 7

Sacking Vizt

9 pr Coarse Sacking

9 6

6 pr fine Do

8 8

17 14

Twine Vizt

19½ Coarse Twine

10 10½

10½ fine Do

12 3

24 Skains Houseline & Marline

2 15 8

3 18 9½

Turners Ware Vizt

2 Scrubing Brushes

2 8

4 Salmons Yoakes

4 4

40 Ox Bows

4 5½

72 Platters

3 7 6

1 Do Broke

51 Wood Bowls

2 7 9½

21 Do Ladles

3 4

9 Straining Dishes

2 3

5 Trays

12 6

16 Pump Boxes

15 4

Turners Ware Carried over £ 8 2

Carried over £ 4716 9 1½

The account carried over at £4,683 12s 9d, the inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouse running on through the tin ware, ticking, twine and turner's ware, the turner's ware carried over at £8 0s 2d and the whole at £4,716 9s 1.5d.

Brought over, £4,683 12s 9d

Tin ware brought over, £1 7s 8.5d

1 large glass lantern, £0 9s 6.5d

480 lantern leaves, £4 0s 0d

1 coffee pot broke, £0 1s 5d

3 dripping pans, £0 13s 6d

3 watering pots, £0 18s 9d

1 large horn lantern, £0 4s 0d

1 small horn lantern, £0 2s 6d

24 large lamps, £2 0s 0d

26 small lamps, £1 1s 8d

12 pint saucepans, £0 4s 6d

Total, £11 3s 7d

Ticking, £17 14s 0d

9 pieces coarse ticking, £9 6s 0d

6 pieces fine ticking, £8 8s 0d

Twine, £3 18s 9.5d

19.5 lb coarse twine, £0 10s 10.5d

10.5 lb fine twine, £0 12s 3d

24 skeins housewife and marline, £2 15s 8d

Turner's ware

2 scrubbing brushes, £0 2s 8d

4 salmon yokes, £0 4s 4d

40 oxbows, £0 4s 5.5d

72 platters, £3 7s 6d

1 platter broke, £0 [...]

51 wooden bowls, £2 7s 9.5d

21 ladles, £0 3s 4d

9 straining dishes, £0 2s 3d

5 trays, £0 12s 6d

16 pump boxes, £0 15s 4d

Turner's ware carried over, £8 0s 2d

Carried over, £4,716 9s 1.5d

Interpretations

The four hundred and eighty lantern leaves among the tin ware, the thin translucent horn panes that glazed a lantern in place of glass, mark the store holding the parts to make and mend the lanterns that lit the guardhouses and watches. Horn was split and pressed thin to a semi-transparent sheet, cheaper and less breakable than glass for a working lantern, and the great stock of leaves shows the settlement keeping the means to renew its lighting against the constant wear of the night watches at the forts and the castle.

The oxbows, salmon yokes and pump boxes among the turner's ware were the plain wooden gear of the plantations and the works, the oxbows the curved pieces that fastened a beast to its yoke, the salmon yokes for carrying pails, and the pump boxes the wooden barrels of the pumps. These were the everyday wooden articles a settlement wore out and replaced steadily, turned from imported timber and held in stock by the store, the humblest working gear of farm and fort accounted in the yearly inventory as exactly as the plate and the fine cloth, nothing the establishment used left out of the reckoning.

292

288

16 October

Brought over £ 4716 9 1½

Turners Ware Brought over £ 8 2

2 Baskets

4 6½

3 Sieves

3 3

5 Cloth Brushes

3 3

249 Shoe Do

10 3 7

88 Labourers Baskets

2 7 8

1 Birch Broom

3

4 Yoakes for Oxen

2 15 6

1 Hair Sieve

9 1

4 Butter prints

2 3

21 Punch Ladles

12 3

83 Mop Heaves & Nails

6 11

24 hair Brooms

3 18 8

64 Paint Brushes

1 6 8

30 10 6½

Vinegar 40½ Gallons

3 17 7½

Total of Europe Goods amount to £ 4751 3 3½

Indian Goods Vizt

Arrack 646 Gallons

40 7 6

Allejars 2 pr

1 3 6

Bettelees 84 pr

14 7

China Ware Vizt

6 Small Dishes

8 4

1 Coloured Wodd Soup Dish

8 2

247 Blue & White Soup plates

5 2 11

33 Coloured & Gold Do

14 5½

9 half pint Cups & Saucers

2 7½

8 Nigging Do & Do

1 8

132 Small Saucers

11

27 large Bowls

2 14

7 Dishes & 19 plates

15

China Ware Carried over £ 10 18 1¾

Carried over £ 4807 1 5½

The account carried over at £4,716 9s 1.5d, the inventory closing the European goods at a total of £4,751 3s 3.5d with the turner's ware and vinegar, then opening the Indian goods with the arrack, allejars, beteillas and china ware, the china ware carried over at £10 18s 1.5d and the whole at £4,807 1s 5.5d.

Brought over, £4,716 9s 1.5d

Turner's ware brought over, £8 0s 2d

2 flaskets, £0 4s 6.5d

3 sieves, £0 3s 3d

5 clothes brushes, £0 3s 3d

249 shoe brushes, £10 3s 7d

88 labourers' baskets, £2 7s 8d

1 birch broom, £0 0s 5d

4 yokes for oxen, £2 15s 6d

1 hair sieve, £0 9s 1d

4 butter prints, £0 2s 3d

21 punch ladles, £0 12s 3d

83 mop heaves and nails, £0 6s 11d

24 hair brooms, £3 18s 8d

64 paint brushes, £1 6s 8d

Total, £30 10s 6.5d

Vinegar, 40.5 gallons, £3 17s 7.5d

Total of European goods, £4,751 3s 3.5d

The Indian goods opened with the arrack, allejars, beteillas and china ware.

Indian goods

Arrack, 646 gallons, £40 7s 6d

Allejars, 2 pieces, £1 3s 6d

Beteillas, 8 pieces, £14 7s 0d

China ware

6 small dishes, £0 8s 4d

1 coloured wood soup dish, £0 8s 2d

247 blue and white soup plates, £5 2s 11d

33 coloured wood soup plates, £0 14s 5.5d

9 half-pint cups and saucers, £0 2s 7.5d

8 nogging cups and saucers, £0 1s 8d

132 small saucers, £0 11s 0d

27 large bowls, £2 14s 0d

7 dishes and 19 plates, £0 15s 0d

China ware carried over, £10 18s 1.5d

Carried over, £4,807 1s 5.5d

Interpretations

The close of the European goods at £4,751 and the opening of the Indian marks the great division of the warehouse's trade between the two directions of the Company's traffic, the English and Baltic manufactures that came out from home and the eastern goods carried west from India and China. The store held both, the coarse cloth, iron, provision and naval stores from Europe far outweighing the lighter Indian textiles and porcelain, the settlement standing at the crossing point where the outward and homeward trades met and were retailed to the island.

Allejars were a striped cloth of silk and cotton from the eastern trade and beteillas a fine white muslin from the Coromandel coast, the two the dearest of the Indian textiles held, the beteillas at nearly £14 for eight pieces marking the fine India cloth as the most valuable of the eastern stock. The blue and white china ware beside them, the soup plates, cups and bowls of the Canton trade, were the porcelain the homeward ships brought by the chest, the store retailing the fine eastern wares the settlement's better households prized alongside the plain English earthenware, the whole span of the Company's Asian commerce present in miniature on the warehouse shelves.

293

289

1749

Brought over £ 4807 1 3½

China Ware Brought over £ 10 18 1¾

9 Enameld Sneekers

2 7½

1 Tureen & Dish

11 3

3 Teapots

11½

113 Salted Dishes

4 4 9

45 Enameld Cups & 33 Saucers

1 5

16 18 1½

Chelloes 91 pieces

41 14 2

Muslin 18 pieces

5 16 2

Candles 19 Ct 3 9

146 4

Long Cloth Vizt

9½ pr Coarse

21 11 3

34 pr fine

136 14 2

158 5 5

Pepper 223

5 12 6

Pallampores Vizt

18 Pallampores

14 17

57 Do

34 8 9

49 5 9

Rice & Paddy Vizt

120 Ct 3 21 Rice

48 12 7

9 3 Paddy

2 5 1

50 17 8

Sugar & Candy Vizt

34 Ct 3 Candy

63 8 4½

108 21 Sugar

140 4 4½

203 13

Stockings 562 pair

50 18 7½

Tea Vizt

453 Single Tea

25 2½

439 Bohea Do

15 10 11½

40 11 2

Total of European & India Goods Amounting to £ 5570 17 10½

Counted & Examined the Honble Companys Cash for the Month

of Sepr last which is as follows Vizt

Cash

The account carried over at £4,807 1s 5.5d, the inventory closing the Indian goods through the china ware, chelloes, muslin, candles, long cloth, pepper, palampores, rice and paddy, sugar and candy, stockings and tea, the whole of the European and India goods amounting to £5,570 17s 10.5d, after which the board turned to the treasury cash counted and examined for the month of September.

Brought over, £4,807 1s 5.5d

China ware brought over, £10 18s 1.5d

9 enamelled sneakers, £0 2s 7.5d

1 tureen and dish, £0 11s 3d

3 teapots, £0 1s 11.5d

113 salted dishes, £4 4s 9d

45 enamelled cups and 33 saucers, £1 0s 5d

Total, £16 18s 1.5d

Chelloes, 91 pieces, £41 14s 2d

Muslin, 18 pieces, £5 16s 2d

Candles, 19 hundredweight 3 quarters 9 lb, £146 0s 4d

Long cloth, £158 5s 5d

24 pieces coarse, £21 11s 3d

34 pieces fine, £136 14s 2d

Pepper, 225 lb, £5 12s 6d

Palampores, £49 5s 9d

18 palampores, £14 17s 0d

57 palampores, £34 8s 9d

Rice and paddy, £50 17s 8d

120 hundredweight 3 quarters 21 lb rice, £48 12s 7d

9 hundredweight 3 quarters paddy, £2 5s 1d

Sugar and candy, £203 13s 0d

34 hundredweight 3 quarters 22 lb candy, £63 8s 4.5d

108 hundredweight 21 lb sugar, £140 4s 4.5d

Stockings, 562 pairs, £50 18s 7.5d

Tea, £40 11s 2d

453 lb single tea, £25 0s 2.5d

439 lb bohea, £15 10s 11.5d

Total of European and India goods, £5,570 17s 10.5d

Interpretations

The candles at £146 and the sugar and candy at over £203 were among the heaviest of the Indian holdings, the sugar the single greatest line of the whole eastern stock. These were the staples of the India trade the settlement drew on year round, the wax candles that lit the castle and the sugar and candy sold to every class of buyer, held in bulk against the year and the uncertain arrival of the coast ships, the store keeping a great reserve of the eastern necessaries as it did of the European meat and flour.

The long cloth and palampores turned on the finer end of the India textile trade, the thirty-four pieces of fine long cloth at £136 far outweighing the coarse, and the palampores, the painted or printed cotton bed covers of the Coromandel coast, held at nearly £50. These were the prized Indian furnishings and calicoes the Company carried west, and their value in the store marks the settlement retailing to its better households the same fine eastern goods that the homeward ships carried to the London market, the island a small outpost of the great calico trade that ran between India and Europe.

294

290

Cash

1749 Sept 4th 30th

To Balance remaining £3538 1s 4d
To Matthew Burling received of him for Stores Goods sold in the Months of July August & September £1209 16s 3¾d
To Joseph Leighton Sergeant being the Remains of the Amount of his Effects sold at Auction after paying all his Debts here £4 18s 1½d
To Plantation for 9½ Butts sold £4 14s 3d
To Rents £3 13s 10¾d
To Lycenes Rec’d for Ten publick Houses £15 - -
To Garrison Rec’d of Laurence Peterson part of £5 5s which he received for Bounty Money there being only two years of his time Contracted to serve, expired £3 3s -

£5119 8s 2d

The Honourable Company’s cash account for September 1749 recorded the following receipts.

A balance of £3538 1s 4d was brought forward. From Matthew Burling, £1209 16s 3¾d was received for stores goods sold during July, August, and September. From the effects of Sergeant Joseph Leighton, deceased, after payment of all debts, £4 18s 1½d was received. From the plantation, for nine and a half butts [large casks] sold, £4 14s 3d was taken in. From rents, £3 13s 10¾d was collected. From licences for ten public houses, £15 was received. From the garrison, £3 3s was received from Laurence Peterson, being part of £5 5s he had obtained as bounty money, since only two years of his contracted service had expired.

The total cash amounted to £5119 8s 2d.

295

291

Per Contra

1749 Sept 30

By Exchange for one Sett of Bills drawn on Mr John Cattler Payable to the Honble Court of Directors £500 - -

By Sundry Accounts advanced the Paymaster this Quarter £1786 16s 6½d

By Balance remaining in the following Species Vizt

1½ Gold Wt 11.15.14 @ £3.18.3 £46 1s 8½d
4 Do 3.9.12 @ 3.18 £13 11s 1½d
70 Venitians @ 10s £35 - -
12 Rupees @ 30s £18 - -
17.34 Pagodas @ 8s £693 12s -

Gold Amounting to £806 1s 9d

4169 Dollars @ 5s £1042 5s -
3560 Double Ryals @ 1s 3d £222 10s -
1448 Ryals @ 7½d £45 5s -
12917 half Ryals @ 3¾d £202 5s 11½d
2642 Rupees @ 2s 3d £297 4s 6d
441 French pieces @ 8½d £3 13s 6d

Odd Money £1 1½d

Silver Amounting to £1813 4s 10½d

146 Cash Notes @ 40s £292 - -
162 Do @ 20s £162 - -
261 Do @ 5s £65 5s -
160 Do @ 2s 6d £20 - -

Cash Notes Amounting to £539 5s -

£3158 14s 7½d

£5119 8s 2d

The cash account for September 1749 balanced as follows.

By exchange, one set of bills was drawn on Mr John Cattler, payable to the Honourable Court of Directors, for £500.

By sundry accounts, £1786 16s 6½d was advanced to the Paymaster during the quarter.

The remaining balance consisted of the following:

In gold - 1½ pieces weighing 11.15.14 at £3.18.3, amounting to £46 1s 8½d; 4 pieces weighing 3.9.12 at £3.18, amounting to £13 11s 1½d; 70 Venetian coins at 10s each, £35; 12 rupees at 30s each, £18; and 1734 pagodas at 8s each, £693 12s - making a total of £806 1s 9d in gold.

In silver - 4169 dollars at 5s each, £1042 5s -; 3560 double ryals at 1s 3d each, £222 10s -; 1448 ryals at 7½d each, £45 5s -; 12917 half ryals at 3¾d each, £202 5s 11½d; 2642 rupees at 2s 3d each, £297 4s 6d; 441 French pieces at 8½d each, £3 13s 6d; and odd money, £1 1½d - giving a total of £1813 4s 10½d in silver.

In cash notes - 146 notes at 40s each, £292; 162 notes at 20s each, £162; 261 notes at 5s each, £65 5s -; and 160 notes at 2s 6d each, £20 - making a total of £539 5s -.

The total balance remaining was £3158 14s 7½d.

The overall total therefore equalled £5119 8s 2d.

296

292

The Honble Companys Pincace and 13 Table Cloths and 40 Napkins together with an old Gun of 4 pounders being found to be quite worn out and unserviceable, We ordered them to be wrote off the Books of Accounts.

Mr Falconer the Surgeon representing to Us his extraordinary trouble in providing the Hospital with Provisions & keeping the Account thereof, having applied for some allowance for it. We have agreed to give him Eight Pounds as a Gratuity for the year past.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 23rd day of October 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour
Capt. David Hunter Lieut. Governour
Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed.

The Storekeeper brought in his Account of Waste for the year ending the 30th September last, which was examined and approved and ordered to be entered.

The Honourable Company’s pinnace, together with thirteen tablecloths, forty napkins, and an old four-pounder gun, were found to be completely worn out and no longer fit for service. These items were therefore directed to be written off the books of account.

Mr Samuel Falconer, the surgeon, represented to the Council the extra work he had undertaken in supplying the hospital with provisions and maintaining the related accounts. In consideration of his efforts, the Council agreed to grant him a gratuity of £8 for the past year.

Signed: Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, John Clark.

At a Consultation held at the Castle on Monday, the 23rd of October 1749, present were Charles Hutchinson Esq, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant-Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, of Council.

The minutes of the last consultation were read, approved, and signed.

The Storekeeper then presented his account of waste for the year ending 30 September, which, after examination, was approved and entered accordingly.

297

293

23 October

Profit & Loss Dr for Loss by Leakage Wastage Short

Weight & Measure by Drawing by the Gallon &ca & by Weighing

by the pound &ca in the Year Ending the 30 Sepr 1749 Vizt

Brandy 30 7/8 Gallons

8 10 11

Arrack 17 Gallons

1 1 3

Bread 5 Ct 3

13 5½

Cordage 1 Ct 3 19½

2 16 6

Candles 10

13 4

Leather 15 Ct 3¾

13 9

Pepper 4 Ct 3

3

Pitch & Tar Vizt

1½ Barrel Tar

7

15½ Rozen

1 8

½ Barrel Turpentine

17 4½

1 6 4½

Soap 2 Ct 1 4 pr 12

5 3 4

Salt 2 Bushels

5 9

Starch 10

4 4½

Pease 3 pr Bushel

4 3

Vinegar 13 Gallons Spoilt

1 4 11

Paint Vizt

4½ Yellow Oaker

1

3 Verdigrease

9 5

7 Whiting

1½

4 2 Venetian Red

10

4 Indico

10

3 2 Blue Smalts

3 10

1 3 10

Rice & Paddy Vizt

13 Ct 3 12 Rice

5 9 5

1 2 3 paddy

7

5 16 5

Carried over £ 29 18 4½

The account turned from the inventory to the yearly waste, the profit and loss for goods lost by leakage, wastage, short weight and short measure in drawing by the gallon and weighing by the pound over the year ending 30 September 1749, running through the brandy, arrack, bread, cordage, candles, leather, pepper, pitch and tar, soap, salt, starch, pease, vinegar, paint, and rice and paddy to the £29 18s 4.5d carried over. The consultation is here dated 23 October.

Profit and loss, for loss by leakage, wastage, short weight and short measure by drawing by the gallon and weighing by the pound in the year ending 30 September 1749

Brandy, 50.75 gallons, £8 10s 11d

Arrack, 17 gallons, £1 1s 3d

Bread, 3 hundredweight 3 quarters 23 lb, £0 13s 5.5d

Cordage, 1 hundredweight 3 quarters 19.5 lb, £2 16s 6d

Candles, 10 lb, £0 13s 4d

Leather, 13 lb 3 quarters, £0 13s 9d

Pepper, 4 lb 4.5 quarters, £0 0s 3d

Pitch and tar, £1 6s 4.5d

0.25 barrel tar, £0 7s 0d

15.5 lb rosin, £0 1s 8d

0.5 barrel turpentine, £0 17s 4.5d

Soap, 2 hundredweight 1 quarter 5.5 lb, £5 3s 4d

Salt, 2 bushels, £0 5s 9d

Starch, 10 lb, £0 4s 4.5d

Pease, 0.75 bushel, £0 4s 3d

Vinegar, 13 gallons spoilt, £1 4s 11d

Paint, £1 3s 10d

0.5 lb yellow ochre, £0 0s 1d

3 lb verdigris, £0 9s 5d

7 lb whiting, £0 0s 1.5d

4.5 lb venetian red, £0 1s 0d

0.5 lb indigo, £0 5s 0d

3.5 lb blue smalts, £0 3s 10d

Rice and paddy, £5 16s 5d

13 hundredweight 3 quarters 12 lb rice, £5 9s 5d

1 hundredweight 2 quarters 3 lb paddy, £0 7s 0d

Carried over, £29 18s 4.5d

Interpretations

The yearly waste account charged to profit and loss the goods the store had lost not by sale or issue but by the ordinary shrinkage of keeping and handling, the leakage of casks, the wastage in drawing liquor by the gallon and the short weight found in weighing out by the pound. Brandy and arrack led it as they always did, the spirit seeping steadily from the casks through the year, and the whole account marks the settlement reckoning even its losses to the pound and the half-gallon, the storekeeper answerable for the natural waste as for everything else, the shrinkage of the stock entered and owned rather than quietly absorbed.

The distinction the account draws between drawing by the gallon and weighing by the pound points to the two ways the store's goods were measured out and the two ways they were lost, the liquids to leakage and the drip of the measure, the dry goods to the difference between the weight received and the weight delivered. This was the same waste the Governor Dunbar had disputed on his oath in 1746, contesting the leakage charged on the arrack as impossible on sound casks, the yearly reckoning of it a standing point of scrutiny between the storekeeper who charged it and the board that had to allow it, the honesty of the account resting on the fairness of the shrinkage claimed.

298

294

23 October

Brought over £ 29 18 4½

China Ware Vizt

1 Meat Dish

1 3

1 Bowle

2

3 Sneekers

10½

1 Sallad Dish broke

9

1 Teapot

3½

3 Saucers

3

5 7

Sugar & Candy Vizt

2 Ct 3 21 Sugar

3 16 1

1 11 Candy

1 3 5

5 16

£ 35 5 5½

The Accomptant brought in his Journal Parcels

for the Quarter ending the 30 September last which was

Examined and approved and Ordered to be Entered

The Executors of Thos Hayes deceased presented an Inventory

of his Estate taken & Appraised by Messrs John Deefountain &

Joshua Worrall who being Sworn that they Valued the same

According to the best of their Judgment it was Ordered to

be Entered in the Book for that purpose

Mr Joshua Worrall likewise presented an Inventory of

the Real Estate of his deceased Brother William Worrall taken and

appraised by Messrs Richd Gurling & Richd Bagley who being

Sworn that they Valued the same according to the best of their

Judgment it was Ordered to be Entered in the Book for that

purpose

Chas Hutchenson

David Hunter

John Clark

The account carried over at £29 18s 4.5d, the yearly waste closing with the china ware broken and the sugar and candy at a whole loss of £35 5s 5.5d. The accountant then brought in his journal for the quarter ending 30 September, and two inventories were presented to the board, which the Governor and council signed.

Brought over, £29 18s 4.5d

China ware, broken, £0 [...]

1 meat dish, £0 1s 3d

1 bowl, £0 0s 2d

3 sneakers, £0 0s 10.5d

1 salad dish, £0 0s 9d

1 teapot, £0 0s 3.5d

5 saucers, £0 0s 5d

Total, £57 [...]

Sugar and candy, £5 1s 6d

3 hundredweight 3 quarters 24 lb sugar, £3 16s 1d

1 hundredweight 11 lb candy, £1 5s 5d

Total, £35 5s 5.5d

The accountant brought in his journal for the quarter ending 30 September last, which the board examined, approved and ordered entered.

The executors of Thomas Hayes deceased presented an inventory of his estate, taken and appraised by John Desfountain and Joshua Worrall. The two appraisers swore that they had valued the estate to the best of their judgement, and the board ordered the inventory entered in the book kept for that purpose.

Joshua Worrall then presented an inventory of the real estate of his deceased brother William Worrall, taken and appraised by Richard Girling and Richard Bagley. The two appraisers swore that they had valued the estate to the best of their judgement, and the board ordered this inventory likewise entered. Governor Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark signed the consultation.

Interpretations

The proving of the two inventories shows the board sitting in its probate capacity at the close of the same meeting that passed the storekeeper's great annual account, the ordinary business of registering the estates of the dead handled alongside the reckoning of the Company's own stock. An inventory taken by two sworn appraisers and entered in the register was the settlement's means of fixing the value and extent of a dead man's estate, the oath of the valuers the guarantee of its honesty, so that heirs, creditors and executors could be answered from a record the board itself held. The distinction drawn for William Worrall's real estate, the land as against the movable goods, marks the separate treatment freehold and leasehold required in a settlement where land was held of the Company on strict covenants.

299

295

At a Consultation held on Monday the 30th day of October 1749 at the Castle.

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour
Capt. David Hunter Lieut. Governour
Lieutenant John Clark of Councill

The last Consultation was read approved and signed.

The Land petitioned for by Mr John Goodwin in Consultation of the 9th Instant having been viewed by the Lieutenant Governour and reported to be no ways Detrimental to the Honble Company to lett it, We therefore ordered a Lease for the same to be prepared.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 6th day of November 1749 at the Castle.

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esqr Govr
Capt. David Hunter Lieut. Govr
Lt. John Clark. Absent being sick.

The last Consultation was read approved and signed.

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 30 October 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

The land requested by Mr John Goodwin during the consultation of 9 October had been inspected by the Lieutenant Governor, who reported that granting it would cause no disadvantage to the Honourable Company. The Council therefore directed that a lease for the land be drawn up.

Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark signed the record.

A consultation was held again at the Castle on Monday 6 November 1749. Those present were Governor Charles Hutchinson and Lieutenant Governor David Hunter. Lieutenant John Clark was absent owing to illness. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

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296

The Accomptant this day laid before Us the General Books of Accounts, Balanced to the 30th September last which we Ordered to be Copyed as soon as possible.

Wm Matthews Spurling & Richard Beale presented the following petition Vizt

To the Worshipfull Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour & Council

The Humble Petition of Matthew Spurling & Richard Beale

Sheweth

That John French one of the Nominees in your Petitioners Lease bearing date the 30th Sept 1718 being dead, & your Petitioners being desirous to renew the said Lease according to the Tenours of the said Lease do therefore humbly beg that you’ll be pleased to admit of the Name of Richard Beale Junr to be inserted in the room of John French the Deceased Nominee.

And your Petitioners will ever pray

(Signed)
Matthew Spurling
Richard Beale

6th Novr 1749

Granted, on their paying the Usual fine Amounting to £2 2s 0d which we received into the Cash.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The accountant presented the general books of account, balanced to 30 September, which the Council instructed to be copied as soon as possible.

William Matthews Spurling and Richard Beale then submitted a petition addressed to Governor Charles Hutchinson and the Council. In it, they explained that John French, one of the nominees named in their lease dated 30 September 1718, had died. They wished to renew the lease in accordance with its conditions and therefore requested permission for the name of Richard Beale Junior to be inserted in place of the deceased nominee.

The petition was signed by Matthew Spurling and Richard Beale and dated 6 November 1749. The Council approved the request, on condition that they pay the customary renewal fine of £2 2s 0d, which was received into the treasury.

The entry was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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13 November

At a Consultation held on Monday the 13 day of

November 1749 at the Plantation House

Present Charles Hutchenson Esq Governour

Capt David Hunter Lieut Govr

Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and Signed

The Plantation Gunners & Stewards Accounts for the

Month of October last were this day brought in which were

Examined and Approved and are as follows Vizt

Gunners Stores Expended in October 1749

Guns Fired, 4 Pounder, 9 Pounder, 11 Pounder, Powder Expended

the 1t Alarm for a Ship that went by: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 Pounder, 0 9 Pounder, 2 11 Pounder, 13 Powder Expended

25 Powder to the Stone Blaster: 0 Guns Fired, 0 4 Pounder, 0 9 Pounder, 0 11 Pounder, 4 Powder Expended

30 Fired for the Kings Birth Day: 21 Guns Fired, 2 4 Pounder, 1 9 Pounder, 18 11 Pounder, 3 26 Powder Expended

Do Fired with Small Arms for the Kings Birth day: 22 Powder Expended

Powder for Priming at the Main Fort: 3 Powder Expended

Total: 27 Guns Fired, 0 4 Pounder, 1 9 Pounder, 15 11 Pounder, 5 68 Powder Expended

Paper to the Main Guard for an Orderly Book

2 Quire Signed

Paper for small Cartridges

2 Quire John French

Paper for the Castle

1 Quire

Spunge Staves for Stakes

2

Rammer heads broke on the Line

1

Account

At a consultation held at Plantation House on Monday 13 November 1749, Governor Charles Hutchinson sat with David Hunter the Lieutenant Governor and Lieutenant John Clark of council. The previous consultation was read, approved and signed.

The plantation, gunner's and steward's accounts for the month of October were brought in, examined and approved. The gunner's stores expended in October 1749 are recorded under the heading rows of guns fired, four-pounders, nine-pounders, three-pounders and powder expended.

Gunner's stores expended, October 1749

1 October, alarm for a ship that went by, 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 13.5 lb powder

21 October, powder to the stone blaster, 0 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 4 lb powder

30 October, fired for the King's birthday, 21 guns fired, 2 four-pounders, 1 nine-pounder, 18 three-pounders, 26 lb powder

30 October, fired with small arms for the King's birthday, 0 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 22 lb powder

Powder for priming at the main fort, 0 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 3 lb powder

Total, 27 guns fired, 6 four-pounders, 1 nine-pounder, 15 three-pounders, 68.5 lb powder

The following stores were also expended in October 1749.

Paper to the main guard for an orderly book, 1 quire

Paper for small cartridges, 2 quires

Paper for the castle, 1 quire

Sponge staves for brakes, 2

Rammer heads broke on the line, 1

The signatures of John French were entered against the paper stores.

Interpretations

The gunner's account shows the powder of October spent almost wholly on ceremony and works rather than defence, twenty-six pounds on the King's birthday salute of twenty-one guns and twenty-two more in the accompanying small-arms volley, against a single alarm of six guns for a passing ship and four pounds issued to the stone blaster. The salute for the accession, fired every year with the fullest ceremony, was the heaviest single charge on the store, the small outlying guns and the two- and three-pounders reserved for the honour to spare the great pieces, the whole apparatus of loyalty maintained at a fixed yearly cost in powder.

The gunner's returns still carried the signatures of John French against the paper stores, the master gunner whose death of 27 October 1748 had left the office vacant more than a year before. The books thus continued to enter the dead officer's name as the returns caught up with the season, the master gunner's place standing unfilled through 1749 while his signature ran on in the account, the same standing vacancy that the record had carried forward since the previous autumn, the clerical form outlasting the man.

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13 November

Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &ca for the Month of October 1749

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearling, Heifers, Steers, Bullocks, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowle, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining 1t: Bulls 4, Cows 95, Calves 65, Yearling 32, Heifers 21, Steers 13, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 240, Ewes 102, Wathers 37, Lambs 61, Rams 4, Total 204, Ewes 94, Wathers 23, Kids 57, Rams 6, Total 182, Sows 5, Shoats 8, Piggs 2, Boars 1, Total 16, Turkeys 70, Fowle 176, Ducks 20, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Encreased: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 7, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 7, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 6, Rams 0, Total 6, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 14, Rams 0, Total 14, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowle 0, Ducks 20, Geese 23, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Bulls 4, Cows 95, Calves 72, Yearling 32, Heifers 21, Steers 13, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 247, Ewes 102, Wathers 37, Lambs 67, Rams 4, Total 210, Ewes 94, Wathers 23, Kids 71, Rams 6, Total 196, Sows 5, Shoats 8, Piggs 2, Boars 1, Total 16, Turkeys 70, Fowle 196, Ducks 43, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Killed: Bulls 0, Cows 1, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 1, Ewes 0, Wathers 2, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 2, Ewes 0, Wathers 7, Kids 1, Rams 0, Total 8, Sows 0, Shoats 1, Piggs 1, Boars 0, Total 2, Turkeys 2, Fowle 18, Ducks 3, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Died: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 1, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 1, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 1, Rams 0, Total 1, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 2, Fowle 2, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Stoled: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowle 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Killed by Dogs: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 1, Rams 0, Total 1, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 2, Rams 0, Total 2, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowle 5, Ducks 2, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Remaining 31: Bulls 4, Cows 94, Calves 72, Yearling 31, Heifers 21, Steers 13, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 245, Ewes 101, Wathers 35, Lambs 65, Rams 4, Total 205, Ewes 94, Wathers 18, Kids 70, Rams 6, Total 186, Sows 5, Shoats 7, Piggs 1, Boars 1, Total 14, Turkeys 63, Fowle 176, Ducks 40, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Casualty 1 Goat to the Sick Slaves

Yams Expended 23.000 66

1 Woman Slave died Named Margarett

(Signed) David Hunter

The stock account for October 1749 recorded the Company's neat cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses month by movement, each class carried across the rows of remaining at the first, increased, killed, died, stolen, killed by dogs and remaining at the last.

Account of the Company's stock of neat cattle and the rest for the month of October 1749

Neat cattle: bulls, cows, calves, yearlings, heifers, steers, bullocks, oxen, total

Remaining 1st: 4 bulls, 95 cows, 65 calves, 32 yearlings, 21 heifers, 13 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 240 total

Increased: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 7 calves, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 7 total

Sub-total: 4 bulls, 95 cows, 72 calves, 32 yearlings, 21 heifers, 13 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 247 total

Killed: 0 bulls, 1 cow, 0 calves, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 1 total

Died: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 1 calf, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 1 total

Stolen: 0 all classes, 0 total

Killed by dogs: 0 all classes, 0 total

Remaining 31st: 4 bulls, 94 cows, 72 calves, 31 yearlings, 21 heifers, 13 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 245 total

Sheep: ewes, wethers, lambs, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 102 ewes, 37 wethers, 61 lambs, 4 rams, 204 total

Increased: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 6 lambs, 0 rams, 6 total

Sub-total: 102 ewes, 37 wethers, 67 lambs, 4 rams, 210 total

Killed: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 1 lamb, 0 rams, 1 total

Died: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 2 lambs, 0 rams, 2 total

Stolen: 0 all classes, 0 total

Killed by dogs: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 1 lamb, 0 rams, 1 total

Remaining 31st: 102 ewes, 35 wethers, 63 lambs, 4 rams, 205 total

Goats: ewes, wethers, kids, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 94 ewes, 23 wethers, 57 kids, 6 rams, 182 total

Increased: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 14 kids, 0 rams, 14 total

Sub-total: 94 ewes, 25 wethers, 71 kids, 6 rams, 196 total

Died: 0 ewes, 7 wethers, 1 kid, 0 rams, 8 total

Killed by dogs: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 2 kids, 0 rams, 2 total

Remaining 31st: 94 ewes, 18 wethers, 70 kids, 6 rams, 186 total

Hogs: sows, shoats, pigs, boars, total

Remaining 1st: 5 sows, 8 shoats, 2 pigs, 1 boar, 16 total

Sub-total: 5 sows, 8 shoats, 2 pigs, 1 boar, 16 total

Died: 0 sows, 1 shoat, 1 pig, 0 boars, 2 total

Remaining 31st: 5 sows, 7 shoats, 1 pig, 1 boar, 14 total

Poultry: turkeys, fowls, ducks, geese, total

Remaining 1st: 70 turkeys, 176 fowls, 20 ducks, 16 geese

Increased: 0 turkeys, 20 fowls, 23 ducks, 0 geese

Sub-total: 70 turkeys, 196 fowls, 43 ducks, 16 geese

Died: 2 turkeys, 18 fowls, 3 ducks, 0 geese

Killed by dogs: 5 turkeys, 2 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 geese

Remaining 31st: 63 turkeys, 176 fowls, 40 ducks, 16 geese

Horses: horses, mares, total

Remaining 1st: 8 horses, 3 mares, 11 total

Remaining 31st: 8 horses, 3 mares, 11 total

Sundries: 1 goat to the sick slaves

Yams expended: 23,000 lb

1 woman slave died, named Margaret

David Hunter signed the account.

Interpretations

The herd held near steady through October at the quiet turn of the year, the neat cattle drawn only by a single cow killed and a calf dead against seven calves born, the whole falling from 247 to 245 as the empty winter road called for no beef. This was the season the record had shown throughout 1749, the herd left largely to its own increase once the homeward fleet had sailed in June, the calving carrying it gently on while no shipping drew on it, the husbandry of the deep winter turning wholly on breeding rather than supply.

The death of the woman slave Margaret was entered in the stock account among the animals, the Company's slaves reckoned in the same monthly return as its cattle, sheep and poultry, their births, deaths and receipts booked in the margin of the livestock table. This was the settled clerical practice of the record, the human property of the Company counted with its beasts, Margaret's death set down beside the goat given to the sick slaves and the yams expended, the whole establishment of living stock, animal and human alike, accounted in one monthly reckoning under the overseer's and the Lieutenant Governor's hand.

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299

1749

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month of

October 1749 Vizt

32 bottles Port Wine

2 8

42 Do Lisbon

2 4

23 Do Madeira

2 9 4½

13 Do Goa Arrack

4 7½

30 Do Batavia

1

28 Do Brandy

19 3

90 Do Beer

1 2 6

293 Flour

1 19 8

91 Ct Mutton

1 18 1½

135 Goat

2 5

1 Kidd

5

43 Pork

1 2 6

1 Pigg

5

2 pr Salt Beef

5 6

10 pr Do Pork

1

3 Ducks

4 6

2 Turkeys

10

18 Fowls

1 7

363 Beef

4 11 3

59 Ct Butter

2 19

80 Candy

1 3 4

30 8 7

Mr Richard Harper presented the following petition

Vizt

The steward's account recorded the sundries expended at the castle general table in October 1749, running through the wines, spirits, provisions and groceries to a total of £30 8s 7d, after which Richard Harper presented a petition to the board.

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of October 1749

32 bottles port wine, £2 8s 0d

42 bottles lisbon, £2 4s 0d

23 bottles madeira, £2 9s 4.5d

13 bottles Goa arrack, £0 4s 7.5d

30 bottles Batavia, £1 0s 0d

28 bottles brandy, £0 19s 3d

90 bottles beer, £1 2s 6d

293 lb flour, £1 19s 8d

91 lb mutton, £1 18s 1.5d

135 lb goat, £2 5s 0d

1 kid, £0 5s 0d

43 lb pork, £1 2s 6d

1 pig, £0 5s 0d

2 pieces salt beef, £1 0s 0d

10 pieces salt pork, £0 4s 6d

3 ducks, £0 10s 0d

2 turkeys, £0 10s 0d

18 fowls, £1 7s 0d

363 lb beef, £4 11s 3d

59 lb butter, £2 19s 0d

80 lb candy, £1 3s 4d

Total, £30 8s 7d

Richard Harper presented a petition to the board.

Interpretations

The castle sundries set out the fare of the general table over the month, the whole cost of feeding the governor, council and their guests reckoned line by line, dominated by the drink and the fresh and salt meat. The five wines and spirits, port, lisbon, madeira, Goa and Batavia arrack and brandy, ran alongside the beef, mutton, goat, pork and poultry, the table kept in the manner of a gentleman's household at the Company's charge, the hospitality of the settlement's head accounted with the same exactness as its stores and defences.

The two grades of arrack on the table, the Goa and the Batavia, mark the two eastern sources the spirit came from, the Goa arrack distilled on the west coast of India and the Batavia carried from the Dutch settlement in Java, the castle drawing on both against the European brandy and the Atlantic wines. Their small quantities beside the greater charges of wine and beer show the eastern spirit as a lesser part of the table's drink than the Portuguese and Madeira wines that every homeward ship supplied, the fare of the castle a mixture of the produce of all the trades that touched the island's road.

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300

To the Worshipfull Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governour & Council

The Humble Petition of Richard Harper

Sheweth

That there is a small parcel of Land adjoining to your petitioner’s Land in Thomson’s Wood, which would be of service to your petitioner, for the convenience of fencing, humbly begs that you will be pleased to grant him a Lease for the same.

And your petitioner will ever pray

(Signed)
Richard Harper

13th November 1749

Ordered the said Land to be viewed.

Executed the following Lease to Mr Matthew Spurling Vizt.

Island St. Helena

The Lords Proprietors of this Island, the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies, do hereby demise, lease, and to farm let unto Matthew Spurling of the said Island Gentleman all that piece or parcel of Land containing by measurement five acres, situate, lying, and being in the East Division of the said Island, butting and bounding east, south, and north upon the Honble Company’s waste land, west upon the land of him the said Matthew Spurling, to have and to hold the said hereby demised parcel of land with the appurtenances (every part and parcel thereof) unto him the said Matthew Spurling, his heirs, executors, admins and assigns from the day of the date hereof for

A petition was presented to Governor Charles Hutchinson and the Council by Richard Harper. He explained that a small piece of land adjoining his own property in Thomson’s Wood would be of great use to him for fencing purposes. He therefore respectfully requested that a lease for this adjoining parcel be granted to him. The petition was signed by Richard Harper and dated 13 November 1749. The Council decided that the land should first be inspected.

A lease was then executed in favour of Mr Matthew Spurling. It was issued in the name of the Lords Proprietors of St Helena, represented by the Honourable United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies. The Company leased to Matthew Spurling, gentleman of the island, a parcel of land measuring five acres. The land lay in the East Division of St Helena, bounded on the east, south, and north by Company waste land, and on the west by Spurling’s own property. The lease granted him full possession of the land and its appurtenances, for himself, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, to take effect from the date specified in the document.

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301

…and during all the space and term of twenty one years from thence next ensuing upon condition that he the said Matthew Spurling, his heirs or allowed assigns, do always bear true faith and allegiance to our Sovereign Lord King George the Second, his heirs and successors, true faith to them the said Honble Company and their successors, and shall duly obey all the laws and constitutions of the said Island, yielding and paying therefore yearly and every year during the said term and terms of twenty one years unto the said Honble Company, their successors, agents or assigns, the yearly rent of one shilling per acre in at or upon the Feast of St Michael the Archangel yearly, and upon condition that he the said Matthew Spurling, his heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns, shall and do set about a fence in the said parcel of land with a good sufficient fence, and when so fenced and enclosed, do and shall keep and maintain the same in good condition and repair, and do not suffer the same or any part thereof to run to ruin or decay. Shall also plant, keep up and maintain the full quantity and proportion of wood, and do not nor shall alter the fences, they being the bounds or landmarks of the said parcel of land, and do not nor shall sell or dispose of this lease or his or their interest therein, without the leave and consent of the Governour and Council for the time being.

In witness whereof we the said Governour and Council have hereunto set our hands and affixed the Honble Company’s seal this thirteenth day of November in the twenty third year of the reign of our said Sovereign Lord George the Second, by the Grace of God of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty nine. And he the said Matthew Spurling hath to the other part set his hand and seal the day and year abovewritten.

(Signed)
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The lease granted to Matthew Spurling provided him with possession of the land for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the agreement. This tenure was conditional upon his maintaining true faith and allegiance to King George the Second and his successors, as well as faithfulness to the Honourable Company and its successors. He was also required to obey the laws and regulations of St Helena.

For this holding, Spurling was to pay rent at the rate of one shilling per acre each year, to be paid to the Honourable Company, its successors, agents, or assigns, on the Feast of St Michael the Archangel. He was further obliged to construct a sufficient and durable fence around the property and, once enclosed, to maintain it in sound repair. The lease required that the land and fencing not be allowed to deteriorate and that a proper proportion of trees be planted and preserved. The existing fences, serving as the recognised boundaries or landmarks, were not to be altered. In addition, Spurling was forbidden to sell or transfer the lease, or any part of his interest in it, without prior permission from the Governor and Council.

The document concluded with confirmation that Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council had signed it and affixed the Company’s seal on 13 November 1749, being the twenty-third year of the reign of King George the Second. Matthew Spurling also signed and sealed the counterpart on the same date.

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302

At a Consultation held on Monday the 20th day of November 1749 at the Plantation House.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governour, Capt. David Hunter Lieut. Governour, Lieut. John Clark of Council.

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed.

The land petitioned for by Mr Richard Harper having been viewed and found not prejudicial to the Honble Company or neighbourhood, we have granted a lease for the same at the yearly rent of 1s per acre, in consideration of its being chiefly barren and only designed for the convenience of fencing.

Counted and examined the Honourable Company’s cash for the month of October last, which is as follows Vizt.

A consultation was held at Plantation House on Monday 20 November 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

The land requested by Mr Richard Harper had been inspected and found not to be detrimental to the Honourable Company or to neighbouring properties. A lease was therefore granted to him at an annual rent of one shilling per acre, as the land was described as largely barren and sought only for the convenience of fencing.

The Council also counted and examined the Honourable Company’s cash for the month of October, which was recorded as follows.

307

303

Cash Dr.

1749 October 1st To Balance remaining £3158 14s 7½d

Per Contra

1749 October 31st By Balance remaining in the following species Vizt.

1 Gold W. H. 15 M. at £3 18s 3d - £46 1s 8d
1 Do. at £3 9s 12d - £13 11s 2d
70 Venetian - at 10s - £35 0s 0d
12 Rupees - at 1s 6d - £18 0s 0d
1734 Pagodas - at 8s - £693 12s 0d

Gold Amounting to £806 4s 9d

4169 Dollars at 5s - £1041 5s 0d
3360 Double Royales at 1s 4d - £222 10s 0d
1448 Ryals at 7½d - £45 5s 0d
12047 Half Royales at 3¾d - £200 5s 11¾d
2642 Rupees at 2s 3d - £207 1s 6d
441 French pieces at 1s 6d - £33 3s 6d
Old money - £11 0s 0d

Silver Amounting to £1813 4s 10¾d

146 Cash Notes at £1 - £146 0s 0d
162 Do. at 40s - £202 0s 0d
201 Do. at 20s - £162 0s 0d
160 Do. at 3s 6d - £28 0s 0d

Cash Notes Amounting to £538 5s 0d

Total £3158 14s 7½d

(Signed)
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The Company’s cash account for October 1749 was presented and examined as follows. The balance remaining on 1 October stood at £3158 14s 7½d.

On 31 October, the balance remaining was held in several forms of currency. The gold consisted of one piece marked “W. H. 15 M.” valued at £3 18s 3d, amounting to £46 1s 8d; another at £3 9s 12d, amounting to £13 11s 2d; seventy Venetian coins at 10 shillings each, totalling £35; twelve rupees valued at 1 shilling 6 pence each, totalling £18; and 1734 pagodas at 8 shillings each, amounting to £693 12s 0d. The total value of the gold was therefore £806 4s 9d.

The silver holdings comprised 4169 dollars valued at 5 shillings each, amounting to £1041 5s 0d; 3360 double royals at 1 shilling 4 pence each, amounting to £222 10s 0d; 1448 ryals at 7½ pence each, amounting to £45 5s 0d; 12047 half royals at 3¾ pence each, amounting to £200 5s 11¾d; 2642 rupees at 2 shillings 3 pence each, amounting to £207 1s 6d; 441 French pieces at 1 shilling 6 pence each, amounting to £33 3s 6d; and a small quantity of old coinage worth £11 0s 0d. The total in silver was £1813 4s 10¾d.

The remainder consisted of cash notes as follows: 146 notes of £1 each, totalling £146; 162 notes of 40 shillings each, totalling £202; 201 notes of 20 shillings each, totalling £162; and 160 notes of 3 shillings 6 pence each, totalling £28. The total in cash notes came to £538 5s 0d.

Together these sums balanced to £3158 14s 7½d.

The account was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

308

304

At a consultation held on Monday the 27th day of November 1749 at the Plantation House.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governour, Capt. David Hunter Lt. Governour, Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

Mr Martin Harper, John Doveton, and Onesiphorus Gurling presented the following Vizt.

To the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governour and Council.

The memorial of Martin Harper, John Doveton, and Onesiphorus Gurling sheweth that they humbly presumed they were injured in their right to part of the personal estate of the late William Worrall, in that his brother Joshua refused the just payment of about forty pounds with interest at five per cent, as appeared by the account stated in the said Joshua Worrall’s book, which John Doveton, one of the present complainants, could aver from his own knowledge.

The memorialists therefore humbly prayed that the Worshipful Council would take their cause into consideration and relieve them according as it seemed just.

And your memorialists shall ever pray.

(Signed)
Martin Harper
John Doveton
Onesiphorus Gurling

A consultation was held at Plantation House on Monday 27 November 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

Mr Martin Harper, Mr John Doveton, and Mr Onesiphorus Gurling then submitted a memorial to the Governor and Council. In it, they expressed that they believed they had been wrongfully deprived of their entitlement to part of the personal estate of the late William Worrall. They stated that William’s brother, Joshua Worrall, had unjustly withheld payment of a sum of about forty pounds, together with interest at five per cent, as confirmed by an account recorded in Joshua Worrall’s own book. John Doveton, one of the complainants, affirmed that he could verify the accuracy of this account from his own knowledge.

The memorialists therefore respectfully requested that the Council examine their case and grant them appropriate relief as justice might require. The memorial was signed by Martin Harper, John Doveton, and Onesiphorus Gurling.

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The account referred to in the above representation not being produced, they were ordered to attend the next Monday and bring it, as Mr Worrall denies that he owes them the money they demand.

Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a consultation held on Monday the 4th day of December 1749 at the Plantation House.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governour, Capt. David Hunter Lt. Governour, Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

According to the order of last consultation, Messrs Martin Harper, John Doveton, Onesiphorus Gurling and Joshua Worrall this day attended and produced the account.

As the account mentioned in the previous memorial had not been presented, the Council instructed that the parties attend the following Monday and bring the document with them, since Mr Joshua Worrall denied owing the sum in question. The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A further consultation took place at Plantation House on Monday 4 December 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

In accordance with the Council’s direction from the previous meeting, Martin Harper, John Doveton, Onesiphorus Gurling, and Joshua Worrall appeared and produced the account under dispute.

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Account referred to upon examining it we find that Mr Joshua Worrall is justly indebted the money Messrs Harper &c. demand, as it appears to us to be personal estate, we therefore order the same to be divided as such.

Mr Joshua Worrall likewise petitioned for a lease for a piece of the Honourable Company’s waste land lying in Deep Valley.

Ordered the said land to be viewed.

Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a consultation held on Monday the 11th day of December 1749 at the Plantation House.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governour, Capt. David Hunter Lt. Governour, Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

Thursday the 7th Died John son of John Despountain Planter.
Saturday the 9th passed by a ship.

The Plantation Gunners and Stewards Accounts for the month of November last were this day brought in, which were examined and approved and are as follows Vizt.

Upon examining the account in question, the Council determined that Mr Joshua Worrall was indeed indebted to Martin Harper and the others for the sum they claimed. As the amount was deemed to form part of the personal estate of the late William Worrall, the Council directed that it be divided accordingly.

Joshua Worrall also submitted a petition requesting a lease for a parcel of the Honourable Company’s waste land situated in Deep Valley. The Council instructed that the land be inspected. The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A consultation was held at Plantation House on Monday 11 December 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

The Council noted that on Thursday 7 December, John, the son of planter John Despountain, had died. On Saturday 9 December, a ship had passed the island.

The accounts from the Plantation Gunners and the Stewards for the month of November were then presented, examined, and approved, and were recorded as follows.

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Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &ca for the Month of November 1749

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearling, Heifers, Steers, Bullocks, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowle, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining 1t: Bulls 4, Cows 94, Calves 72, Yearling 31, Heifers 21, Steers 13, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 245, Ewes 101, Wathers 35, Lambs 65, Rams 4, Total 205, Ewes 94, Wathers 18, Kids 70, Rams 6, Total 186, Sows 5, Shoats 7, Piggs 1, Boars 1, Total 14, Turkeys 63, Fowle 176, Ducks 40, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Encreased: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 12, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 12, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 52, Rams 0, Total 52, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 10, Boars 0, Total 10, Turkeys 20, Fowle 10, Ducks 12, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Bulls 4, Cows 94, Calves 84, Yearling 31, Heifers 21, Steers 13, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 257, Ewes 101, Wathers 35, Lambs 65, Rams 4, Total 205, Ewes 94, Wathers 18, Kids 122, Rams 6, Total 238, Sows 5, Shoats 7, Piggs 11, Boars 1, Total 24, Turkeys 83, Fowle 216, Ducks 52, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Killed: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 2, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 2, Ewes 0, Wathers 5, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 5, Sows 0, Shoats 2, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 2, Turkeys 1, Fowle 11, Ducks 2, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Died: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowle 12, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Killed by Dogs: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 1, Wathers 1, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 2, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowle 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Remaining 30: Bulls 4, Cows 94, Calves 84, Yearling 31, Heifers 21, Steers 13, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 257, Ewes 100, Wathers 32, Lambs 65, Rams 4, Total 201, Ewes 94, Wathers 13, Kids 122, Rams 6, Total 233, Sows 5, Shoats 5, Piggs 11, Boars 1, Total 22, Turkeys 82, Fowle 193, Ducks 50, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Yams Expended 33.000 66

1 Child Born Named Pegg

(Signed) David Hunter

The stock account for November 1749 recorded the Company's neat cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses month by movement, each class carried across the rows of remaining at the first, increased, killed, died, killed by dogs and remaining at the last.

Account of the Company's stock of neat cattle and the rest for the month of November 1749

Neat cattle: bulls, cows, calves, yearlings, heifers, steers, bullocks, oxen, total

Remaining 1st: 4 bulls, 94 cows, 72 calves, 31 yearlings, 21 heifers, 13 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 245 total

Increased: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 12 calves, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 12 total

Sub-total: 4 bulls, 94 cows, 84 calves, 31 yearlings, 21 heifers, 13 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 257 total

Killed: 0 all classes, 0 total

Died: 0 all classes, 0 total

Killed by dogs: 0 all classes, 0 total

Remaining 30th: 4 bulls, 94 cows, 84 calves, 31 yearlings, 21 heifers, 13 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 257 total

Sheep: ewes, wethers, lambs, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 101 ewes, 35 wethers, 65 lambs, 4 rams, 205 total

Increased: 0 all classes, 0 total

Sub-total: 101 ewes, 35 wethers, 65 lambs, 4 rams, 205 total

Killed: 0 ewes, 2 wethers, 0 lambs, 0 rams, 2 total

Killed by dogs: 1 ewe, 1 wether, 0 lambs, 0 rams, 2 total

Remaining 30th: 100 ewes, 32 wethers, 65 lambs, 4 rams, 201 total

Goats: ewes, wethers, kids, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 94 ewes, 18 wethers, 70 kids, 6 rams, 186 total

Increased: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 52 kids, 0 rams, 52 total

Sub-total: 94 ewes, 18 wethers, 122 kids, 6 rams, 238 total

Killed: 0 ewes, 5 wethers, 0 kids, 0 rams, 5 total

Remaining 30th: 94 ewes, 13 wethers, 122 kids, 6 rams, 233 total

Hogs: sows, shoats, pigs, boars, total

Remaining 1st: 5 sows, 7 shoats, 1 pig, 1 boar, 14 total

Increased: 0 sows, 0 shoats, 10 pigs, 0 boars, 10 total

Sub-total: 5 sows, 7 shoats, 11 pigs, 1 boar, 24 total

Killed: 0 sows, 2 shoats, 0 pigs, 0 boars, 2 total

Remaining 30th: 5 sows, 5 shoats, 11 pigs, 1 boar, 22 total

Poultry: turkeys, fowls, ducks, geese, total

Remaining 1st: 63 turkeys, 176 fowls, 40 ducks, 16 geese

Increased: 20 turkeys, 10 fowls, 12 ducks, 0 geese

Sub-total: 83 turkeys, 216 fowls, 52 ducks, 16 geese

Killed: 1 turkey, 11 fowls, 2 ducks, 0 geese

Died: 0 turkeys, 12 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 geese

Remaining 30th: 82 turkeys, 193 fowls, 50 ducks, 16 geese

Horses: horses, mares, total

Remaining 1st: 8 horses, 3 mares, 11 total

Remaining 30th: 8 horses, 3 mares, 11 total

Yams expended: 33,000 lb

1 child born, named Pegg

David Hunter signed the account.

Interpretations

The herd rose strongly through November on its own breeding, twelve calves born and not one beast killed or dead, carrying the neat cattle from 245 to 257 as the deep winter left the herd wholly to its calving with no shipping to victual. The goats increased even more sharply, fifty-two kids born in the month lifting the flock from 186 to 233, the whole stock swelling on its natural increase in the empty season, the husbandry of these months turning entirely on breeding up the herds and flocks against the demands of the year to come.

The birth of the child Pegg to a Company slave was entered among the increase of the livestock, set down beside the calves, kids and pigs born in the month as another head added to the Company's stock. This was the settled practice the record kept throughout, the children of the Company's slaves counted with its animals in the monthly return, their birth booked as increase to the establishment's property, Pegg entered under the Lieutenant Governor's hand in the same table and the same column that reckoned the season's calves and kids, the human increase of the slaves accounted as the breeding of the herds.

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11 December

Gunners Stores Expended in November 1749

Powder to the Funeral of Robert Stacey

2¼

Tallow to the Great Wood

4

Paper for making of Small Cartridges

5 Quire

Sheep Skins to repair the Spunges

15

Rammer heads to repair the Rammers

7

Spunge heads to repair the Spunges

7

Spunge Staves to repair the Spunges

7

(Signed)

John French

Sundrys Expended for the use of the Table in the

Month of November 1749 Vizt

28 Bottles Port Wine

2 2

22 Do Lisbon

1 13

19 Do Madeira

1 18 4¾

11½ Do Goa Arrack

4 3

14½ Do Batavia Do

9 8

35 Do Brandy

1 4 3½

58 Do Beer

14 6

254 Flour

1 14 4¾

8 Ct Mutton

1 14 2

92½ Goat

1 10 10

49 Pork

1 4 6

11 Fowls

16 6

Carried over £ 15 6 1

The gunner's stores expended in November 1749 recorded the powder fired at a funeral and the several materials issued for repairing the guns and cartridges. The steward's sundries for the general table over the same month then ran through the wines, spirits and provisions to the £15 0s 1d carried over. The consultation is here dated 11 December.

Gunner's stores expended, November 1749

Powder to the funeral of Robert Stacey, 2.25 lb

Tallow to the Great Wood, 5 lb

Paper for making of small cartridges, 3 quires

Sheep skins to repair the sponges, 15

Rammer heads to repair the rammers, 7

Sponge heads to repair the sponges, 7

Sponge staves to repair the sponges, 7

The signature of John French was entered against the account.

Sundries expended for the use of the table in the month of November 1749

28 bottles port wine, £2 2s 0d

22 bottles lisbon, £1 13s 0d

19 bottles madeira, £1 18s 0d

11.5 bottles Goa arrack, £0 4s 4.5d

14.5 bottles Batavia arrack, £0 4s 9.5d

35 bottles brandy, £1 9s 3.5d

58 bottles beer, £0 14s 6d

254 lb flour, £1 14s 4.5d

81 lb mutton, £1 14s 2d

92.5 lb goat, £1 10s 10d

49 lb pork, £1 4s 6d

11 fowls, £0 16s 6d

Carried over, £15 0s 1d

Interpretations

The gunner's account shows the powder of November spent wholly on a funeral, two and a quarter pounds fired over the grave of Robert Stacey, with no salute, alarm or exercise in the whole month. This was the quietest use the store could be put to, the empty winter road calling for no defence and the accession salute already fired in October, the only occasion for the guns a burial, the powder that in a busy season went to answer the shipping now serving only to mark a death.

The materials issued to repair the guns, sheepskins for the sponges, rammer and sponge heads and staves, show the constant upkeep the ordnance needed to be kept fit to fire. The sponge was the wet swab run down the barrel to quench any spark before reloading, its head covered in sheepskin to hold the water, and the rammer the tool that drove home the charge, both wearing out with use and mended from the store. The gunner kept his pieces serviceable through the idle season against the next arrival, the small repairs to sponge and rammer entered as carefully as the powder they helped to fire, the master gunner French's name still signing the account more than a year after his death.

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1749

Brought over £ 15 6 1

2 Ducks

3

1 Turkey

5

90 Candy

1 6 3

12 pr Salt pork

1 4

55½ Butter

2 15 6

£ 20 10 10

Chas Hutchinson

David Hunter

John Clark

At a Consultation held on Monday the 18 day of December

1749 at the Plantation House

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour

Capt David Hunter L Governour

Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and Signed

Wednesday ye 13 died John Norton Soldier

Saturday ye 16 Died Thomas Son of Thomas Watts Soldier

Counted and Examined the Honble Companys

Cash for the Month of November last which is as follows Vizt

Cash

The steward's sundries for the general table carried over at £15 0s 1d, closing with the ducks, turkey, candy, salt pork and butter at a total of £20 10s 10d, which Governor Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark signed. At a further consultation held at Plantation House on Monday 11 December 1749 the same board sat, read and approved the previous consultation, noted two deaths, and turned to the treasury cash counted for November.

Brought over, £15 0s 1d

2 ducks, £0 6s 0d

1 turkey, £0 0s 5d

90 lb candy, £1 0s 3d

12 pieces salt pork, £0 1s 4d

55.5 lb butter, £2 15s 6d

Total, £20 10s 10d

Governor Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark signed the account.

At a consultation held at Plantation House on Monday 11 December 1749, Governor Charles Hutchinson sat with David Hunter the Lieutenant Governor and Lieutenant John Clark of council. The previous consultation was read, approved and signed.

John Norton, a soldier, died on Wednesday 13 December, and Thomas, the son of Thomas Watts a soldier, died on Saturday 16 December. The board then counted and examined the Company's cash for the month of November.

Interpretations

The two deaths entered at the head of the December consultation, the soldier John Norton and the child of the soldier Thomas Watts, mark the ordinary attrition of the garrison and its families that the record noted month by month. The board set down each death of a soldier or a soldier's dependant as it came, the entry serving both to close the man's pay to the day and to keep the register of the establishment's people, the loss of a private soldier and a soldier's son alike recorded in the same formal way at the opening of the meeting before the business of the cash and accounts began.

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1749
Novr 1st To Balance remaining £3158 14s 7½d
Novr 6th To Rent received of Messrs Matthew Purling & Richd Beale for the renewal of a life in a lease £2 2s 6d
£3160 17s 1½d

1749
Novr 30th By Balance remaining in the following species Vizt.

1st Gold Wt 11.15.14 at £3.18.3 £46 18s 1½d
Apt Do 3.9.12 £13 11s 2d
70 Venetians 10s £35
12 Rupees 1s 6d £18
1734 Pagodas 8s £693 12s
Gold amounting to £806 1s 9d

4169 Dollars at 5s £1042 5s
3360 Double Ryals at 1s 3d £222 10s
1516 Ryals at 1s 7½d £121 6s
12047 half Ryals at 7½d £202 11s 1½d
2642 Rupees at 2s 9d £297 4s 6d
441 French pieces at 1s 6d £33 6s
Old money £11 11s

Silver amounting to £1813 7s 1½d

146 Cash Notes at £40 £292
162 Do at £20 £162
201 Do at £6 5s £65 5s
160 Do at £2 6s £20 2s 6d

Cash Notes amounting to £539 5s

£3160 17s 1½d

Signed
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The Company’s cash account for November 1749 was presented and examined as follows. The balance remaining on 1 November stood at £3158 14s 7½d. On 6 November, rent of £2 2s 6d was received from Matthew Spurling and Richard Beale for the renewal of a life in a lease, bringing the total to £3160 17s 1½d.

On 30 November, the remaining balance was held in several forms of currency. The gold comprised one piece weighing 11.15.14, valued at £3 18s 3d, amounting to £46 18s 1½d; another piece valued at £3 9s 12d, amounting to £13 11s 2d; seventy Venetian coins at 10 shillings each, totalling £35; twelve rupees at 1 shilling 6 pence each, totalling £18; and 1734 pagodas at 8 shillings each, amounting to £693 12s 0d. The total in gold came to £806 1s 9d.

The silver included 4169 dollars at 5 shillings each, amounting to £1042 5s 0d; 3360 double ryals at 1 shilling 3 pence each, amounting to £222 10s 0d; 1516 ryals at 1 shilling 7½ pence each, amounting to £121 6s 0d; 12047 half ryals at 7½ pence each, amounting to £202 11s 1½d; 2642 rupees at 2 shillings 9 pence each, amounting to £297 4s 6d; 441 French pieces at 1 shilling 6 pence each, amounting to £33 6s 0d; and old coinage valued at £11 11s 0d. The total value of the silver was £1813 7s 1½d.

The remainder consisted of cash notes as follows: 146 notes of £40 each, amounting to £292; 162 notes of £20 each, amounting to £162; 201 notes of £6 5s each, amounting to £65 5s 0d; and 160 notes of £2 6s each, amounting to £20 2s 6d. The total in cash notes came to £539 5s 0d.

Together these sums totalled £3160 17s 1½d.

The account was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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The executor of John Norton this day presented his last will and testament, desiring the same might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the oaths of the witnesses thereto. The will is as follows Vizt.

Island St Helena, December ye 2d 1749

In the name of God Amen. I John Norton, soldier in the Honourable United East India Company’s service on this island, being sick and weak in body but of perfect mind and memory, thanks be to Almighty God, and knowing it is appointed for all men once to die, do will and bequeath of my worldly effects as follows. That is to say, first, I recommend my soul into the hands of Almighty God who gave it me and my body to the earth from whence it came, to be buried in a Christian and decent manner. As to my worldly effects I give and bequeath as follows at my decease.

Item. To Samuel Sallott of the Second Company, one small iron pot.

Item. To William Brooks and Samuel Sallott, my red chest and all my wearing apparel, to be equally divided between them.

I appoint Robert Vickers of the Artillery Company my full and whole executor of this my last will and testament, and that he the said Robert Vickers, my executor, after payment to himself, shall distribute to my creditors their several sums out of the remainder, and if any remaining, to be at his own disposal. Ratifying and confirming this to be my last will and testament and no other. This second day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty-nine. In witness whereof I have set my hand and seal.

Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of (there were no stamp papers to be had):
Signed Thomas Draper
John Spencer junr.

John Norton (his mark)

The executor of John Norton appeared before the Council and presented Norton’s last will and testament, requesting that it be formally proved. This was duly done under oath by the witnesses.

The will, dated at St Helena on 2 December 1749, stated that John Norton, a soldier in the service of the Honourable United East India Company, though weak in body, was of sound mind and memory. Acknowledging that all men must die, he declared his wish to commend his soul to Almighty God and for his body to be buried decently according to Christian practice.

Regarding his possessions, Norton directed the following: he bequeathed to Samuel Sallott of the Second Company one small iron pot; and to William Brooks and Samuel Sallott jointly his red chest and all his clothing, to be shared equally between them.

He appointed Robert Vickers of the Artillery Company as sole executor of his will, instructing that after Vickers had repaid himself any expenses, he should distribute the remaining effects among Norton’s creditors in payment of their debts, and if any balance remained, it should become Vickers’s own property. Norton confirmed this to be his only and final testament.

The document was signed and sealed on 2 December 1749 in the presence of witnesses Thomas Draper and John Spencer Junior, and was marked by John Norton, who was unable to sign his name. It was noted that no stamped paper was available for use at the time.

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Mr Nathan Sample petitioned for about seven acres of the Honourable Company’s waste land, lying in the East Division adjoining to his free land.

Ordered the said land to be viewed.

Re-listed Moses Memento to serve the Honourable Company as a soldier for five years at the usual bounty money.

Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a consultation held on Monday the 1st day of January 1749 at the Plantation House.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governour, Capt. David Hunter Lt. Governour, Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

Wednesday the 20th December died Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Clark.
Sunday the 24th passed by two ships under Dutch colours.

Mr Nathan Sample submitted a petition requesting a lease for approximately seven acres of the Honourable Company’s waste land situated in the East Division, adjoining his own freehold property. The Council directed that the land be inspected.

Moses Memento was re-enlisted to serve the Honourable Company as a soldier for a further term of five years, receiving the customary bounty money. The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A consultation was held at Plantation House on Monday 1 January 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Wednesday 20 December, Elizabeth, the wife of Samuel Clark, had died, and that on Sunday 24 December two ships had passed the island flying Dutch colours.

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The Honourable Company’s clocks and mathematical instruments required frequent cleaning to prevent them from being spoiled. The Council therefore agreed to give Michael Frost five pounds a year to keep them in order, as he was considered the only person on the island fit for that purpose.

Mr William Hayes, Master of Arms, being rendered incapable by ill health of taking the necessary care of the Honourable Company’s small arms, Joseph Kendall was appointed to take over that employment.

Re-listed Duncan McLaren, Robert Starke, John Hayley and Thomas Hailes to serve the Honourable Company as soldiers for five years at the usual bounty money.

Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The Council agreed that the Honourable Company’s clocks and mathematical instruments required regular maintenance to prevent damage from neglect. As Michael Frost was considered the only person on the island qualified to perform this work, he was granted a salary of five pounds a year to keep the instruments in proper order.

Because Mr William Hayes, the Master of Arms, had become unable through illness to attend to the upkeep of the Company’s small arms, Joseph Kendall was appointed to assume that responsibility.

The Council also re-enlisted Duncan McLaren, Robert Starke, John Hayley, and Thomas Hailes to serve the Honourable Company as soldiers for a further five years, each receiving the customary bounty money.

The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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314

At a consultation held on Monday the 8th day of January 1749 at the Plantation House.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governour, Capt. David Hunter Lt. Governour, Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

The Accountant reported that the general books of accounts were fairly copied and would be transmitted to the Honourable Company by the first conveyance.

The Plantation Gunners’ and Stewards’ accounts for the month of December last were this day brought in, examined, and approved as follows Vizt.

A consultation was held at Plantation House on Monday 8 January 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

The accountant reported that the general books of account had been properly copied and were ready to be sent to the Honourable Company by the next available ship.

The accounts from the Plantation Gunners and the Stewards for the month of December were then presented. These were examined and approved, and were recorded as follows.

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Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &ca for the Month of December 1749

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearling, Heifers, Steers, Bullocks, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowle, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining 1t: Bulls 4, Cows 94, Calves 84, Yearling 31, Heifers 21, Steers 13, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 257, Ewes 100, Wathers 32, Lambs 65, Rams 4, Total 201, Ewes 94, Wathers 13, Kids 122, Rams 6, Total 233, Sows 5, Shoats 5, Piggs 11, Boars 1, Total 22, Turkeys 83, Fowle 193, Ducks 50, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Encreased: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 10, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 10, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 3, Rams 0, Total 3, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 4, Rams 0, Total 4, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 10, Fowle 40, Ducks 10, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Bulls 4, Cows 94, Calves 94, Yearling 31, Heifers 21, Steers 13, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 267, Ewes 100, Wathers 32, Lambs 68, Rams 4, Total 204, Ewes 94, Wathers 13, Kids 126, Rams 6, Total 237, Sows 5, Shoats 5, Piggs 11, Boars 1, Total 22, Turkeys 93, Fowle 233, Ducks 60, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Killed: Bulls 1, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 1, Ewes 0, Wathers 2, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 2, Ewes 0, Wathers 3, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 3, Ewes 0, Wathers 10, Kids 1, Rams 0, Total 11, Turkeys 0, Fowle 10, Ducks 7, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Died: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 2, Fowle 6, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Stoled: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Turkeys 1, Fowle 0, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Remaining 31: Bulls 3, Cows 94, Calves 94, Yearling 31, Heifers 20, Steers 13, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 265, Ewes 100, Wathers 29, Lambs 68, Rams 4, Total 201, Ewes 94, Wathers 3, Kids 125, Rams 6, Total 220, Sows 5, Shoats 5, Piggs 11, Boars 1, Total 22, Turkeys 90, Fowle 217, Ducks 53, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Beef to the Slaves 182 lb

two Goats to Do

one Do to the Hospital 14 lb

Died Essau

Harry Aged 42

1 Child Born Namd Dick

Yams Expended 33.000 lb

(Signd) David Hunter

The stock account for December 1749 recorded the Company's neat cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses month by movement, each class carried across the rows of remaining at the first, increased, killed, died, stolen and remaining at the last.

Account of the Company's stock of neat cattle and the rest for the month of December 1749

Neat cattle: bulls, cows, calves, yearlings, heifers, steers, bullocks, oxen, total

Remaining 1st: 4 bulls, 94 cows, 84 calves, 31 yearlings, 21 heifers, 13 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 257 total

Increased: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 10 calves, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 10 total

Sub-total: 4 bulls, 94 cows, 94 calves, 31 yearlings, 21 heifers, 13 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 267 total

Killed: 1 bull, 0 cows, 0 calves, 0 yearlings, 1 heifer, 0 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 2 total

Died: 0 all classes, 0 total

Stolen: 0 all classes, 0 total

Remaining 31st: 3 bulls, 94 cows, 94 calves, 31 yearlings, 20 heifers, 13 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 265 total

Sheep: ewes, wethers, lambs, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 100 ewes, 32 wethers, 65 lambs, 4 rams, 201 total

Increased: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 3 lambs, 0 rams, 3 total

Sub-total: 100 ewes, 32 wethers, 68 lambs, 4 rams, 204 total

Killed: 0 ewes, 3 wethers, 0 lambs, 0 rams, 3 total

Remaining 31st: 100 ewes, 29 wethers, 68 lambs, 4 rams, 201 total

Goats: ewes, wethers, kids, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 94 ewes, 13 wethers, 122 kids, 6 rams, 233 total

Increased: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 4 kids, 0 rams, 4 total

Sub-total: 94 ewes, 13 wethers, 126 kids, 6 rams, 237 total

Killed: 0 ewes, 10 wethers, 1 kid, 0 rams, 11 total

Remaining 31st: 94 ewes, 3 wethers, 125 kids, 6 rams, 220 total

Hogs: sows, shoats, pigs, boars, total

Remaining 1st: 5 sows, 5 shoats, 11 pigs, 1 boar, 22 total

Sub-total: 5 sows, 5 shoats, 11 pigs, 1 boar, 22 total

Remaining 31st: 5 sows, 5 shoats, 11 pigs, 1 boar, 22 total

Poultry: turkeys, fowls, ducks, geese, total

Remaining 1st: 83 turkeys, 193 fowls, 50 ducks, 16 geese

Increased: 10 turkeys, 40 fowls, 10 ducks, 0 geese

Sub-total: 93 turkeys, 233 fowls, 60 ducks, 16 geese

Killed: 0 turkeys, 10 fowls, 7 ducks, 0 geese

Died: 2 turkeys, 6 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 geese

Stolen: 1 turkey, 0 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 geese

Remaining 31st: 90 turkeys, 217 fowls, 53 ducks, 16 geese

Horses: horses, mares, total

Remaining 1st: 8 horses, 3 mares, 11 total

Remaining 31st: 8 horses, 3 mares, 11 total

Sundries:

Beef to the slaves, 182 lb

Two goats to the slaves

One goat to the hospital, 14 lb

Died: Esau, and Harry aged 42

1 child born, named Dick

Yams expended: 33,000 lb

David Hunter signed the account.

Interpretations

The herd was drawn on at last in December after months of pure increase, a bull and a heifer killed to give 182 pounds of beef and two goats to the slaves and one to the hospital, the Company beginning to spend its stock on its own establishment as the deep-winter breeding season closed. The killing fell on a bull and a heifer rather than the breeding cows, and eleven wethers among the goats, the husbandry sparing the females that carried the increase and taking the males and the surplus, the same careful preservation of the breeders that had run through the whole year's management of the herds.

The deaths of the two slaves Esau and Harry, the latter aged forty-two, and the birth of the child Dick were entered in the stock account among the movements of the animals, the Company's slaves reckoned as increase and loss in the same monthly return as its cattle and goats. Harry's age set down at his death marks the record keeping the years of its human property as it did the ages of its beasts, the slaves born, aged and dying within the livestock table, their lives accounted as the breeding, working and wearing-out of the Company's stock, the whole establishment of living property counted together under the Lieutenant Governor's hand at the year's close.

320

316

8 January

Gunners Stores Expended in Decr 1749

Guns Fired, 4 pr, 9 pr, Powder Expended

the day of the Month

9 Alarm for a Ship that went by: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 pr, 2 9 pr, 13 Powder Expended

13 Powder to the Funeral of John Norton: 2¼ Powder Expended

24 A Death Alarm for two Ships that went by: 9 Guns Fired, 6 4 pr, 3 9 pr, 10½ Powder Expended

Powder for priming at the Alarm houses: 3 Powder Expended

Powder to the Stone Blaster: 8 Powder Expended

Total: 15 Guns Fired, 10 4 pr, 5 9 pr, 43½ Powder Expended

Paper for making of Cartridges

1 Quire

Paper to the Castle

1 Quire Signed

Spunge Staves broke at Mundens point

1 John French

Powder horns broke at the Alarm houses

1

Spunge Staves for a Halbert Naff

1

Sundrys Expended for the Use of the Table in the

Month of December 1749 Vizt

20 Bottles Port Wine

1 10

24 Do Lisbon

1 10

19 Do Madeira

2 9¾

2 Do Batavia Arrack

1 4

18 Do Goa Arrack

6 4½

38 Do Brandy

1 6 1½

50 Do Beer

14 9

284 Flour

1 18 3½

251 Fresh Beef

3 2 9

17 Ct Mutton

2 8 9

136½ Goat

2 12 2

10 Fowls

15

Carried over £ 18 12 5¾

The gunner's stores expended in December 1749 recorded the powder fired at two alarms and a funeral and issued for priming and the stone blaster, totalling 43.5 lb, with the materials for repairing the guns. The steward's sundries for the general table over the same month then ran through the wines, spirits and provisions to the £18 12s 5.5d carried over. The consultation is here dated 8 January.

Gunner's stores expended, December 1749

9 December, alarm for a ship that went by, 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 six-pounders, 13 lb powder

13 December, powder to the funeral of John Norton, 0 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 2.5 lb powder

24 December, a double alarm for two ships that went by, 9 guns fired, 6 four-pounders, 3 six-pounders, 10.5 lb powder

Powder for priming at the alarm houses, 0 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 3 lb powder

Powder to the stone blaster, 0 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 8 lb powder

Total, 15 guns fired, 10 four-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 43.5 lb powder

The following stores were also expended.

Paper for making of cartridges, 1 quire

Paper to the castle, 1 quire

Sponge staves broke at Munden's Point, 1

Powder horns broke at the alarm house, 1

Sponge staves for a halberd staff, 1

The signature of John French was entered against the account.

Sundries expended for the use of the table in the month of December 1749

20 bottles port wine, £1 10s 0d

24 bottles lisbon, £1 16s 0d

19 bottles madeira, £2 0s 9.5d

2 bottles Batavia arrack, £0 1s 4d

18 bottles Goa arrack, £0 6s 4.5d

38 bottles brandy, £1 6s 1.5d

50 bottles beer, £0 14s 9d

28.5 lb flour, £1 18s 3.5d

251 lb fresh beef, £3 2s 9d

177 lb mutton, £2 8s 9d

156.5 lb goat, £2 12s 2d

10 fowls, £0 15s 0d

Carried over, £18 12s 5.5d

Interpretations

The powder of December was spent more freely than in the two dead winter months before it, two alarms for passing ships drawing near twenty-four pounds between them and a double alarm of nine guns for two vessels at once, the road beginning to stir again with shipping as the empty season neared its end. The alarm was the fixed response to a strange sail, a few guns fired to warn the outposts and bring the establishment to its posts, the powder spent on watchfulness rather than salute, the settlement's guard quickening as the first ships of the coming year appeared off the island.

The sponge stave issued for a halberd staff shows the store turning a gunner's tool to another use, the long shaft of a sponge cut down to make the staff of a halberd, the long-handled axe-and-spike weapon the sergeants carried as a mark of rank. This small economy, a broken or spare gun-tool made over into a sergeant's weapon, marks the settlement's habit of putting every usable thing to service on an island where nothing was made and everything shipped in, the same thrift that carried even the rotten scales and the spoilt plane-irons at value in the great inventory.

321

317

1749

Brought over £ 18 12 5¾

7 Ducks

10 6

12 pr Salt pork

1 4

1 Kid

5

56 Veal

1 5

8 Ct Candy

1 5 4½

52 Butter

2 12

£ 25 14 4¾

Chas Hutchinson

David Hunter

John Clark

The steward's sundries for the general table carried over at £18 12s 5.5d, closing with the ducks, salt pork, kid, veal, candy and butter at a total of £25 14s 4.5d, which Governor Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark signed.

Brought over, £18 12s 5.5d

7 ducks, £0 10s 0d

12 pieces salt pork, £0 1s 4d

1 kid, £0 5s 0d

56 lb veal, £1 5s 0d

81 lb candy, £1 5s 4.5d

52 lb butter, £2 12s 0d

Total, £25 14s 4.5d

Governor Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter and John Clark signed the account.

322

318

15 January

At a Consultation held on Monday the 15 day of

January 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq Governour

Capt David Hunter L Govr

Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and Signed

The Storekeeper brought in his Collections and the

Paymaster his Account for the Quarter ending the 31 of

December last which were Examined and approved and are

as follows Vizt

Collection of Goods sold and delivered out of the Honble

Companys Stores from the 1t October to the 31 December 1749

Vizt

Sold to the Companys Servants at 10 Ct Cent

Arrack 40¾ Gallons

10 1 10½

Brandy 588 Gallons

187

Sugar & Candy Vizt

2336 Sugar

38 18 8

1370 Candy

22 16 8

61 15 4

Bread & Flour Vizt

398 Bread

2 18 2

1220 Flour

12 13 7

187 Ct 1 16 Do Baked

163 9 4½

179 11

Carried over £ 398 8 2½

At a consultation held at the castle on Monday 15 January 1750, Governor Charles Hutchinson sat with David Hunter the Lieutenant Governor and Lieutenant John Clark of council. The previous consultation was read, approved and signed.

The storekeeper brought in his collection of goods and the paymaster his account for the quarter ending 31 December last, which the board examined and approved. The collection set out the goods sold and delivered out of the Company's stores from 1 October to 31 December 1749, the first class recording what the Company's servants bought at 10 per cent above the invoice price.

Collection of goods sold and delivered out of the Company's stores from 1 October to 31 December 1749

Sold to the Company's servants at 10 per cent

Arrack, 40.75 gallons, £10 1s 10.5d

Brandy, 588 gallons, £187 0s 0d

Sugar and candy, £61 15s 4d

2,556 lb sugar, £38 18s 8d

1,370 lb candy, £22 16s 8d

Bread and flour, £179 11s 0d

598 lb bread, £2 18s 0.5d

1,220 lb flour, £12 13s 7d

18,714 lb double-baked bread, £163 19s 4.5d

Carried over, £398 8s 2.5d

Interpretations

The brandy at £187 for five hundred and eighty-eight gallons dominated the opening of this quarter's servants' account as no single line had in the September quarter, where the whole class of drink had run far lighter. The heavy sale marks the return of the shipping season, the road filling again through the December quarter as the homeward and outward ships called and the garrison and civil servants laid in their winter drink, the brandy the staple spirit the whole settlement leaned on when the eastern arrack ran short, near six hundred gallons drawn from the store in the three months against the mere ten and a half of the September quarter's near-empty account.

The double-baked bread at nearly £164 for over eighteen thousand pounds was the great victualling line of the quarter, ship's biscuit twice fired to keep on a long passage, laid in against the homeward fleet that would provision at the island in the coming months. Its bulk, dwarfing the small quantities of ordinary bread and flour for the table, shows the store baking and holding the sea provision the shipping needed, the settlement's ovens turning out biscuit by the ton for the voyages home, the quarter's account already shaped by the demands of the season the empty winter had closed.

323

319

1749

Brought over £ 398 8 2½

Soap 594

10 13 5

Tea Vizt

224 Single

14 18 8

109 Bohea

5 9

20 7 8

Iron 77

10 5½

Nails Vizt

27 10

10 1½

29 6

12 1

23 4

10 1

1 5

6½

3 2

2

1 20

1½

13 Scupper

6 6

2 18 2½

Chelloes 8 pieces

4 2

Salt 17½ Bushels

2 16 2½

Lead Vizt

6 Sheet

1 1½

6 3 Small Shot

10 6

11 7½

Rice 4 pr 4 21

2 1 3

Paint Vizt

75 Venetian Red

1 6 6½

2½ Umber

11½

9 White Lead

7

1½ Blue Smalts

3 2½

10½ Indico

19 3

177 Whiting

2 9

1 8 3½

Hair Powder 7

4 6

Carried over £ 443 5 6

The account carried over at £398 8s 2.5d, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent running on through the soap, tea, iron, nails, chelloes, salt, lead, rice, paint and hair powder to the £443 5s 6d carried forward.

Brought over, £398 8s 2.5d

Soap, 394 lb, £10 13s 5d

Tea, £20 7s 8d

224 lb single, £14 18s 8d

109 lb bohea, £5 9s 0d

Iron, 77 lb, £0 10s 5.5d

Nails, £2 18s 2d

27 lb 10-penny, £0 10s 1.5d

29 lb 6-penny, £0 12s 1d

23 lb 4-penny, £0 10s 1d

1 lb 5-penny, £0 0s 6.5d

3 lb 2-penny, £0 2s 0d

1 lb 20-penny, £0 1s 2d

13 lb scupper, £0 6s 0d

Chelloes, 8 pieces, £4 2s 0d

Salt, 17.5 bushels, £2 11s 2.5d

Lead, £0 11s 7.5d

6 lb sheet, £0 1s 1.5d

6 lb 3 quarters small shot, £0 10s 6d

Rice, 4 hundredweight 4 quarters 21 lb, £2 1s 3d

Paint, £1 8s 3.5d

7.5 lb venetian red, £0 1s 6.5d

2.5 lb umber, £0 0s 11.5d

0.75 lb white lead, £0 0s 7d

1.75 lb blue smalts, £0 3s 2.5d

10.5 lb indigo, £0 19s 3d

177 lb whiting, £0 2s 9d

Hair powder, 7 lb, £0 4s 6d

Carried over, £443 5s 6d

Interpretations

The tea class again turned on the two black and green grades, two hundred and twenty-four pounds of single and a hundred and nine of bohea, the greater weight of the green single tea marking the servants' taste and the store's stock. This was a far heavier tea line than the September quarter's small parcel, the return of the shipping and the winter drink buying lifting the whole account, the garrison and civil servants laying in the China leaf by the pound at their low graded rate as the ships came in with the new supply.

The indigo at nineteen shillings for ten and a half pounds was much the dearest of the paints on the leaf, far above the common venetian red, white lead and whiting bought for coarse work. Indigo was the deep blue dyestuff carried west from India, used both to colour cloth and as a laundry blue, and its steep price against the cheap earth pigments marks it as the one costly colour a household bought sparingly, the store retailing the whole range from the penny whiting for whitewash to the shilling-a-pound indigo for the finer blue, each to its use and purse.

324

320

15 January

Brought over £ 443 5 6

Shirts Vizt

26 Soldiers

6 1 4

14 pr Cotton Stockings

1 8

7 9 4

Beef & Pork Vizt

1763 pr Beef 2

176 10

5 pr Do 3/2

9 1½

783 pr Pork 2/

78 10

60 pr Do 2/2

6 10

261 10 1½

Candles 178

11 2

Corks Vizt

2 Gross Corks

8 1

7½ Cork Wood

11

9

Cordage 337½

4 18 5½

Hooks & Lines Vizt

14 Gross hooks Sorted

1 18 9

7 pr Blue hooks

2 4

10 dozn 9 Lines Sorted

2 4 9

5 damaged Lines

2½

4 7 11½

Deals Vizt

14 Single

1 5 8

9 pr Oak plank

12 9

1 Wainscott Board

4 9

2 3 2

Muslin 5 pr

2 9 2

Kersey 121 Yards

9 1 6

Sailors Cloths Vizt

13 Boys Jacketts & Breeches

9 4½

2 Mens Checked Shirts

8 4

17 8½

Long Ells 16½ Yards

1 9 6½

Carried over £ 749 9 5½

The account carried over at £443 5s 6d, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent running on through the shirts, beef and pork, candles, corks, cordage, hooks and lines, deals, muslin, kersey, sailors' clothes and long ells to the £749 9s 5.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £443 5s 6d

Shirts, £7 9s 4d

20 soldiers' shirts, £6 1s 4d

14 pairs cotton stockings, £1 8s 0d

Beef and pork, £261 10s 12.5d

1,763 lb beef at 2d, £176 10s 0d

5 lb beef at 3.5d, £0 9s 1.5d

785 lb pork at 2d, £78 10s 0d

60 lb pork at 2.5d, £6 10s 0d

Candles, 178 lb, £11 2s 0d

Corks, £0 6s 0d

24 gross corks, £0 5s 1d

7.5 cork wood, £0 0s 11d

Cordage, 357.5 lb, £4 18s 5.5d

Hooks and lines, £4 7s 11.5d

14 gross hooks sorted, £1 18s 9d

7 gross blue hooks, £0 2s 4d

10 dozen 3 lines sorted, £2 4s 9d

3 damaged lines, £0 2s 1.5d

Deals, £2 3s 2d

14 single, £1 5s 8d

9 pieces oak plank, £0 12s 9d

1 wainscot board, £0 4s 9d

Muslin, 5 pieces, £2 9s 2d

Kersey, 12.75 yards, £9 1s 6d

Sailors' clothes, £17 8s 8.5d

11 boys' jackets and breeches, £9 4s 4.5d

2 men's checked shirts, £8 4s 0d

Long ells, 16.5 yards, £1 9s 6.5d

Carried over, £749 9s 5.5d

Interpretations

The beef and pork at over £261 was by far the heaviest line of the whole quarter's servants' account, near two thousand pounds of salt beef and eight hundred of pork sold to the establishment at twopence the pound. The great weight against the small quantities of the September quarter marks the return of the victualling season, the store issuing salt meat by the ton as the garrison and civil servants provisioned for themselves and the shipping came in, the salted provision that fed the whole settlement drawn down heavily now that the empty winter had passed and the road filled again.

The two prices struck on the beef and again on the pork, twopence against threepence-halfpenny and twopence against twopence-halfpenny, mark the store grading its salt meat by cask or cut, the older or coarser provision passed at the lower rate and the better at the higher. The bulk of it went at the cheapest twopence, the plain salt beef the staple of the garrison's table, the store clearing its heavier and older stock to the servants at the low graded markup while the fresher and finer meat carried the small premium, the whole a picture of a warehouse working off its winter provision as the demand revived.

325

321

1749

Brought over £ 749 9 5½

Oil Vizt

11 Bottles Florence

1 11 2

9¼ Gallon Train

1 9 3

3½ Gallon Linseed

13 5

3 13 10

Thread Vizt

6 W Brown

2 6

9 Ct Neons

1 1 4

9 Coloured

1 13

4 14 10

Camblet 38½ Yards

6 2

Buckram Vizt

100½ Yds Osenbrigs

5 3 8

27 Yds Buckram

1 3½

2 pr hair Cloths

2 4

6 9 7½

Saddles 3

7 7 3

Serge &ca Vizt

9½ Yds Serge

2 7 6

15 Yds Duffil Sorted

6 11 10½

1½ pr Sagathy

2 19 1½

11 18 6

Long Cloth Vizt

1 pce fine

4 9

10 pr Ordy

9 10

13 19

Flannel 9 Yards

13 6

Pepper 4

2 3

Shalloon 86½ Yds

9 8½

Oars 3

14 3

Ironmongers Ware Vizt

3 Files

2 6

4 Cupboard Locks

11

Ironmongers Ware Carried over £ 13 6

Carried over £ 817 9 4½

The account carried over at £749 9s 5.5d, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent running on through the oil, thread, camlet, buckram, saddles, serge, long cloth, flannel, pepper, shalloon, oars and ironmonger's ware, the ironmonger's ware carried over at £1 3s 6d and the whole at £817 9s 4.5d.

Brought over, £749 9s 5.5d

Oil, £3 13s 10d

11 bottles florence, £1 11s 2d

9.75 gallons train, £1 9s 3d

3.5 gallons linseed, £0 13s 5d

Thread, £4 14s 10d

6 lb white and brown, £2 0s 6d

9 ounces nuns, £1 1s 4d

9 lb coloured, £1 13s 0d

Camlet, 38.5 yards, £9 6s 2d

Buckram, £6 9s 7.5d

100.5 yards osnaburg, £5 3s 8d

27 yards buckram, £1 3s 7.5d

2 pieces hair cloths, £0 2s 4d

Saddles, 3, £7 7s 3d

Serge, £11 18s 6d

9.5 yards serge, £2 7s 6d

15 yards duffel sorted, £6 11s 10.5d

1.5 pieces tagathy, £2 19s 1.5d

Long cloth, £13 19s 0d

1 piece fine, £4 9s 0d

10 pieces ordinary, £9 10s 0d

Flannel, 9 yards, £0 13s 6d

Pepper, 4 lb, £0 2s 3d

Shalloon, 86.75 yards, £9 0s 8.5d

Oars, 3, £0 11s 3d

Ironmonger's ware

3 files, £0 2s 6d

4 cupboard locks, £0 11s 0d

Ironmonger's ware carried over, £1 3s 6d

Carried over, £817 9s 4.5d

Interpretations

The cloth classes on this leaf show the servants buying the full range of English and Indian stuffs the store carried, camlet, serge, duffel, shalloon and flannel among the woollens, buckram and osnaburg among the coarse linens, and the India long cloth and tagathy among the eastern goods. The ten pieces of ordinary long cloth against the single fine piece mark the servants taking the plainer grades in bulk, the store retailing the whole spread from the cheap sacking osnaburg to the finer camlet and tagathy, the garrison and civil households dressing and furnishing themselves from the one warehouse at their low graded rate.

The three saddles at £7 7s 3d were a substantial single line among the smaller goods, marking the store supplying the riding gear that a settlement with only eleven horses and mares nonetheless needed. The island's few horses served the governor, the council and the carriage of dispatches about the steep tracks, and the saddles with their furniture were dear imported articles the store held against the wants of the mounted few, the whole harness of the establishment's small stable drawn from the warehouse like every other manufactured thing on an island that made nothing for itself.

326

322

15 January

Brought over £ 817 9 4½

Ironmongers Ware Brought over £ 13 6

3 Bricklayers Trowels

1

1 Scyth

6 4

3 Scyth Stones

6½

1 Hoe

1 11

4 pr Sheep Sheers

4 2

5 Padlocks

10 2½

1 Mawl

4 1

1 Garden Hoe & Helve

1 8½

2 Jack plains

4 2

2 Gimblets

1½

3 Shod Shovels

5

1 File Haft

1

3 Pickaxes

7 3

2 dozn Wood Screws

1 6

1 Ragstone

2½

1 Socket Chisel

10

1 Hammer

1½

1 Stock Lock

1 10

3 8 8

Turners Ware Vizt

2 Hair Brooms

7 1

1 Scrubg Brush

1 6

12 Shoe Brushes

1 9

4 Paint Brushes

1 10

6 Punch Ladles

3 10½

1 Wood Ladle

2½

1 Labourers Basket

1½

1 Straining Dish

3½

1 3 2

Garlix 4 Yards

6 8

Carried over £ 822 7 10½

The account carried over at £817 9s 4.5d, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent running on through the ironmonger's ware, turner's ware and garlix to the £822 7s 10.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £817 9s 4.5d

Ironmonger's ware brought over, £1 3s 6d

3 bricklayers' trowels, £0 1s 0d

1 scythe, £0 6s 1d

3 scythe stones, £0 0s 6.5d

1 hoe, £0 1s 11d

4 pairs sheep shears, £0 4s 2d

5 padlocks, £0 10s 2.5d

1 maul, £0 4s 1d

1 garden hoe and helve, £0 1s 8.5d

2 jack planes, £0 4s 2d

2 gimlets, £0 0s 1.5d

3 shod shovels, £0 5s 0d

1 file haft, £0 0s 1d

3 pickaxes, £0 7s 3d

2 dozen wood screws, £0 1s 6d

1 rag stone, £0 0s 2.5d

1 socket chisel, £0 0s 10d

1 hammer, £0 1s 1.5d

1 stock lock, £0 1s 10d

Total, £3 8s 8d

Turner's ware, £1 3s 2d

2 hair brooms, £0 7s 1d

1 scrubbing brush, £0 1s 6d

12 shoe brushes, £0 1s 9d

4 paint brushes, £0 1s 9d

6 punch ladles, £0 3s 10.5d

1 wooden ladle, £0 0s 2.5d

1 labourers' basket, £0 1s 2d

1 straining dish, £0 0s 3.5d

Garlix, 4 yards, £0 6s 8d

Carried over, £822 7s 10.5d

Interpretations

The ironmonger's ware ran again through the whole range of edge tools, locks and hand implements the servants bought to build, farm and keep house, scythes and hoes for the ground, jack planes and a socket chisel for woodwork, padlocks and a stock lock for security, and the pickaxes, mauls and shovels of heavy labour. The store held and retailed the full working kit at the servants' low rate, each man drawing from the warehouse the single tool he needed to mend or make on an island where none could be forged, the small quantities marking the individual purchases of households rather than the bulk issues to the Company's own works.

327

323

1749

Brought over £ 822 7 10½

China Ware Vizt

5 Bowls

11 3

1 Sea Pott

3

45 Enamelled Cups & Saucers

1 7½

42 Soup plates

19 3

1 Tureen & Dish

12 4½

8 Sallad Dishes

6 4

3 10 7

Cutlery Ware Vizt

15 Horn Combs

2 2½

16 Ivory Do Sorted

18 7½

20 pr Shoe Buckles

15 8½

14 Butchers Knives

1 3 1½

2 19 8

Pitch &ca Vizt

6½ Gallons Tar

5 6

46 Turpentine

6 8½

9 Rozin

2 3½

13 10

Shoes Vizt

4 pr Mens fine

1 7

126 pr Do Ordy

27 6

5 pr Pumps

1 16 6

30 9 8

Hosiers Ware Vizt

5 pr Mens Wove Stockings

19 2

17 pr Mens Knit

2 12 5

1 pr Silk

18 7

55 pr Threed

7 11 3

1 Scotch Bonnett

1 5

11 18 10

Tin Ware Vizt

4 Saucepans

1 10

11 Lamps

10 1

11 11

Carried over £ 872 12 4½

The account carried over at £822 7s 10.5d, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent running on through the china ware, cutlery, pitch, shoes, hosiery and tin ware to the £872 12s 4.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £822 7s 10.5d

China ware, £3 10s 7d

3 bowls, £0 11s 3d

1 tea pot, £0 0s 3d

45 enamelled cups and saucers, £1 0s 7.5d

42 soup plates, £0 19s 3d

1 tureen and dish, £0 12s 4.5d

8 salad dishes, £0 6s 8d

Cutlery ware, £2 14s 8d

15 horn combs, £0 2s 2.5d

16 ivory combs sorted, £1 8s 7.5d

20 pairs shoe buckles, £0 15s 8.5d

14 butchers' knives, £0 3s 1.5d

Pitch, £0 13s 10d

6.5 gallons tar, £0 5s 1d

46 lb turpentine, £0 6s 8.5d

9 lb rosin, £0 2s 2d

Shoes, £30 9s 8d

4 pairs men's fine, £1 7s 0d

126 pairs men's ordinary, £27 6s 0d

5 pairs pumps, £1 16s 8d

Hosiery ware, £11 18s 10d

5 pairs men's worsted stockings, £0 19s 2d

17 pairs men's knit, £2 12s 5d

1 pair silk, £0 14s 7d

55 pairs thread, £7 11s 3d

1 scotch bonnet, £0 1s 5d

Tin ware, £0 11s 11d

4 saucepans, £0 1s 10d

11 lamps, £0 10s 1d

Carried over, £872 12s 4.5d

Interpretations

The shoes at over £30 turned almost wholly on the hundred and twenty-six pairs of men's ordinary shoes, by far the greatest quantity of the class and a heavy single line for the quarter. This was the plain working footwear of the garrison bought in bulk, the ordinary shoe far outnumbering the few fine pairs and the pumps beside it, the store issuing and selling the common shoe by the score as the men provisioned themselves, the quantity marking a clothing purchase for the whole body of servants rather than the odd pair a household might want.

The hosiery graded finely from the single pair of silk stockings down through the worsted, knit and thread to the scotch bonnet, the fifty-five pairs of plain thread stockings the bulk of the class and the silk the dearest by the pair. This was the same graded range the whole run of accounts had shown, the store dressing the servant's leg from the cheapest thread to the one fine silk, the scotch bonnet a plain knitted cap for the working man, the warehouse holding and retailing every quality so that each buyer could match the stocking to his purse and his place.

328

324

15 January

Brought over £ 872 12 4½

Vinegar 4 Gallons

8 8

Haberdashers Ware Vizt

1 Gross White Waistcoat Buttons

3 6¾

26 Sk Silk

11 11

50 Sk Mohair

18 9

19½ Doz M Ct Buttons

13

10½ Doz Breast Do

3 6

6½ Doz Gt Ct Do

7 4

10 Doz Bt Do

4

5 Doz White Mt Ct Do

2 9½

7 Doz White Mt Bt Do

2 2

5½ Doz Tin Bt Do

8

2½ Gross Shirt Buttons

4 5½

3 19

Braziers Ware Vizt

1 Coffee pott

7 9

1 pr Candlesticks

6 5

14 2

Glaziers Ware Vizt

4 Wine & Water Glasses

4 5

2 Decanters

3 7½

20 Wine Glasses

10

8 Sqr Glass 8 by 10

8 4

2 Tumblers

1

1 7 4½

Broad Cloth Vizt

7½ Yards Sorted

6 13 2½

6½ Yds Grey

3 3

9 16 2½

Canvas 2 pr 13½ Yds Sacking

3 9 2

Twine 5 Skains

3 1

Iron Pots 2

9 2

Pewter 3 Basons

6 1½

Carried over £ 893 5 4

The account carried over at £872 12s 4.5d, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent running on through the vinegar, haberdashery, brazier's ware, glazier's ware, broad cloth, canvas, twine, iron pots and pewter to the £893 5s 4d carried forward.

Brought over, £872 12s 4.5d

Vinegar, 4 gallons, £0 8s 8d

Haberdashery ware, £3 19s 0d

1 gross white waistcoat buttons, £0 3s 6.5d

26 skeins silk, £0 11s 11d

50 skeins mohair, £0 18s 9d

19.5 dozen metal coat buttons, £0 13s 0d

10.5 dozen breast buttons, £0 3s 6d

6.5 dozen gilt coat buttons, £0 7s 4d

10 dozen breast buttons, £0 4s 0d

5 dozen white metal coat buttons, £0 2s 9.5d

7 dozen white metal breast buttons, £0 2s 2d

5.5 dozen tin breast buttons, £0 0s 8d

2.5 gross shirt buttons, £0 4s 5.5d

Brazier's ware, £1 2s 2d

1 coffee pot, £0 7s 9d

1 pair candlesticks, £0 6s 5d

Glazier's ware, £1 7s 4.5d

4 wine and water glasses, £0 4s 5d

2 decanters, £0 3s 7.5d

20 wine glasses, £0 10s 0d

8 squares glass, 8 by 10, £0 8s 4d

2 tumblers, £0 1s 0d

Broad cloth, £9 16s 2.5d

7.5 yards sorted, £6 13s 2.5d

6.75 yards grey, £3 3s 0d

Canvas, 2 pieces, 13.5 yards sacking, £3 9s 2d

Twine, 5 skeins, £0 3s 1d

Iron pots, 2, £0 9s 2d

Pewter, 3 basins, £0 6s 1.5d

Carried over, £893 5s 4d

Interpretations

The haberdashery ran again through the whole graded range of buttons and sewing stuff the servants bought to make and mend their clothes, coat and breast buttons in metal, gilt, white metal and tin, shirt and waistcoat buttons, and skeins of silk and mohair for the stitching. The store held the small mercery by the gross and dozen so that a garment could be finished to the wearer's purse, the cheap tin and white metal against the dearer gilt, the whole least of goods stocked as carefully as the cloth it fastened, the warehouse the sole source of every button and thread the settlement wore.

329

325

1749

Brought over £ 893 5 4

Hats 5 Mens

4 16 3½

Naval Stores 6 Ct Powder

6 9

Wine Vizt

3½ doz Lisbon

5 10

3 doz Madeira

3 14 6

9 4 6

£ 907 18 3

Sold to the planters at 25 Ct Cent

Long Cloth 3 pr Ordy

3 5

Flannel 7 yards

12 3

Shalloon 66¼ yards

7 15 9

Shoes Vizt

2 pr Boys

8 10

1 pr Girls

2 6

1 pr Womens Spanish

4 4½

3 pr Callimanco

18 3

6 pr Mens fine

2 6 6

5 15 5½

Hosiers Ware Vizt

7 pr Boys Stockings

16 4

3 pr Mens Wove

13

2 pr Mens Knit

7

1 pr Do Silk

16 4

3 pr Womens

12

3 4 11

Hats Vizt

1 Mans

1 2

4 Boys

1 7 6

2 9 6

Broad Cloth Vizt

16½ Yds Sorted

17 8 1½

11 Yds Grey

5 16 10½

23 5

Carried over £ 46 7 10½

The account carried over at £893 5s 4d, the sale to the Company's servants at 10 per cent closing with the hats, naval stores and wine at a total of £907 18s 3d. A fresh class then opened, the goods sold to the planters at 25 per cent, running through the long cloth, flannel, shalloon, shoes, hosiery, hats and broad cloth to the £46 7s 10.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £893 5s 4d

Hats, 5 men's, £4 16s 8.5d

Naval stores, 6 lb powder, £0 6s 9d

Wine, £2 9s 6d

5.5 dozen lisbon, £5 10s 0d

3 dozen madeira, £3 14s 6d

Total, £907 18s 3d

The goods sold to the planters at 25 per cent above the invoice price opened with the long cloth.

Long cloth, 3 pieces ordinary, £0 3s 5d

Flannel, 7 yards, £0 12s 3d

Shalloon, 66.75 yards, £7 15s 9d

Shoes, £5 15s 5.5d

2 pairs boys', £0 8s 10d

1 pair girls', £0 2s 6d

1 pair women's spanish, £0 14s 4.5d

3 pairs calamanco, £0 18s 3d

6 pairs men's fine, £2 6s 6d

Hosiery ware, £3 4s 11d

7 pairs boys' stockings, £0 16s 4d

3 pairs men's worsted, £0 13s 0d

2 pairs men's knit, £0 7s 0d

1 pair silk, £0 16s 11d

3 pairs women's, £0 12s 0d

Hats, £2 9s 6d

1 man's, £1 2s 0d

4 boys', £1 7s 6d

Broad cloth, £23 5s 0d

16.75 yards sorted, £17 8s 1.5d

11 yards grey, £5 16s 10.5d

Carried over, £46 7s 10.5d

Interpretations

The close of the servants' account at £907 for the quarter marks the great revival of the store's trade over the December quarter against the near-empty September reckoning, the shipping season and the winter buying together lifting the whole collection far above the quiet autumn. The wine, naval stores and hats that ended the class ran alongside the brandy, salt meat and biscuit of the earlier leaves, the full spread of the settlement's wants supplied as the road filled and the servants provisioned themselves and the ships for the year ahead.

The broad cloth heading the planters' account at £23 shows the free inhabitants buying the finer woollens their households ran to at the 25 per cent rate, the sorted and grey broad cloth by the yard the dearest cloth line of the leaf. The planters took the better dress stuffs the plain servants' account had held less of, the whole graded pricing of the store carried through the change of buyer-class, the free families charged more than double the servants' rate on the same cloth, the store pricing by the buyer as much as by the goods.

330

326

15 January

Brought over £ 46 7 10½

Camblets 34 Yards Sorted

8 12 5½

Sagathy 2½ pr

5 12 1

Buckram Vizt

8½ Yards Buckram

8 6

1 pr hair Cloths

1 3

9 11

Kersey 38½ yards

3 3 9

Long Ells 25 yards

2 11 2½

Chelloes 1 pr

11 8

Garlix 2¼ yards

1 8½

Muslin 1 pr

11 2½

Sold at 40 Ct Cent

Arrack 4 Gallons

2 14

Brandy 53 Gallons

16 10

Soap 158

3 11 11

Sugar & Candy Vizt

716 Sugar

14 18 4

705 Candy

14 13 9

29 12 1

Bread & Flour Vizt

24 Bread

5

811 Flour

8 8 11½

8 13 11½

Tea Vizt

207 Single

18 2 3

16 Bohea

13 4

18 15 7

Cordage 190

3 11 3

Oil 3 Gallons Train

11 6

Hooks & Lines Vizt

3 dozn 4 Lines Sorted

18 7

5½ Gross Hooks Sorted

13 7

5 pr Blue Hooks

2 1

1 14 3

Carried over £ 150 1 3

The account carried over at £46 7s 10.5d, the sale to the planters at 25 per cent closing with the camlet, tagathy, buckram, kersey, long ells, chelloes, garlix and muslin. A fresh class then opened, the goods sold at 40 per cent, running through the arrack, brandy, soap, sugar and candy, bread and flour, tea, cordage, oil and hooks and lines to the £150 1s 3d carried forward.

Brought over, £46 7s 10.5d

Camlets, 34 yards sorted, £8 12s 5.5d

Tagathy, 2.5 pieces, £5 12s 1d

Buckram, £0 9s 11d

8.5 yards buckram, £0 8s 6d

1 piece hair cloths, £0 1s 3d

Kersey, 38.5 yards, £3 3s 9.5d

Long ells, 23 yards, £2 11s 2.5d

Chelloes, 1 piece, £0 11s 8d

Garlix, 2.5 yards, £0 1s 8.5d

Muslin, 1 piece, £0 11s 2.5d

The goods sold at 40 per cent above the invoice price opened with the arrack.

Arrack, 9 gallons, £2 14s 0d

Brandy, 53 gallons, £16 10s 0d

Soap, 15 lb, £0 11s 11d

Sugar and candy, £29 12s 1d

776 lb sugar, £14 18s 4d

703 lb candy, £14 13s 9d

Bread and flour, £8 13s 11.5d

24 lb bread, £0 5s 0d

811 lb flour, £8 8s 11.5d

Tea, £18 15s 7d

207 lb single, £18 2s 3d

10 lb bohea, £0 13s 4d

Cordage, 190 lb, £3 11s 3d

Oil, 3 gallons train, £0 11s 6d

Hooks and lines, £1 14s 3d

3 dozen 4 lines sorted, £0 18s 7d

3.5 gross hooks sorted, £0 13s 7d

5 pairs blue hooks, £0 2s 1d

Carried over, £150 1s 3d

Interpretations

The opening of the 40 per cent class again marks the steepest of the graded markups the store worked by, reserved for the drink and groceries the planters most wanted, arrack, brandy, sugar and candy leading it as they had in the September quarter. The fifty-three gallons of brandy and the near fifteen hundredweight of sugar and candy show the free households laying in the winter drink and sweetening at the highest rate, the store taxing the planters' appetite for spirits and sugar while it supplied its own servants the same goods far cheaper, the whole graduation from ten to forty per cent a pricing by both the class of buyer and the kind of good.

The single tea at over £18 for two hundred and seven pounds was much the heaviest line of the 40 per cent class after the drink, the green tea far outweighing the small parcel of bohea. The planters bought the China leaf by the pound at their steep rate, the single tea the settled luxury a free family ran to alongside the sugar and candy, the store retailing the eastern goods to the inhabitants at the dearest markup as one of the comforts of a settled household, the same leaf the servants had bought near cost on the earlier leaves passed to the planters at forty above the invoice.

331

327

1749

Brought over £ 156 1 3

Twine 2 Skains

1 4

Salt 1¾ Bushels

7 2

Sacking 1 pr

1 9

Thread Vizt

2 Coloured

9 4

7 Whited Brown

8 7

17 11

Iron Ware Vizt

1 Scyth

8 1

2 Scyth Stones

5½

3 pr Sheep Sheers

5 6

1 dozn Wood Screws

1

1 Mawl

5 3

8 Shod Shovels

18

2 Hand Hatchets

4 8

2 2 11½

Paint Vizt

12 Whiting

5½

¾ Indico

1 2

1 5½

Haberdashers Ware Vizt

31 Skains Mohair

15 6

2 Sk Silk

1 2

15 Doz Mt Ct Buttons

12 6

11½ doz Mt Bt Do

4 9½

7½ doz Gt Ct Do

10 7½

8 doz Gt Bt Do

5 8

2 doz W M Ct Do

1 5

2 11 8

Lead 25 Shott

6 3

Candles 9

17 3

Tin Ware Vizt

2 Lamps

2 4

1 Saucepan

6½

2 10½

Carried over £ 164 14 1½

The account carried over at £150 1s 3d, the sale to the planters at 40 per cent running on through the twine, salt, ticking, thread, iron ware, paint, haberdashery, lead, candles and tin ware to the £164 14s 1.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £150 1s 3d

Twine, 2 skeins, £0 1s 4d

Salt, 1.75 bushels, £0 7s 2d

Ticking, 1 piece, £1 9s 0d

Thread, £0 17s 11d

2 lb coloured, £0 9s 4d

7 lb white and brown, £0 8s 7d

Iron ware, £2 2s 11.5d

1 scythe, £0 8s 1d

2 scythe stones, £0 0s 5.5d

3 pairs sheep shears, £0 5s 6d

1 dozen wood screws, £0 1s 0d

1 maul, £0 5s 3d

8 shod shovels, £0 18s 0d

2 hand hatchets, £0 4s 8d

Paint, £1 5s 3.5d

12 lb whiting, £0 0s 3.5d

4.5 lb indigo, £1 2s 0d

Haberdashery ware, £2 11s 8d

31 skeins mohair, £0 15s 6d

2 skeins silk, £0 1s 2d

15 dozen metal coat buttons, £0 12s 6d

11.5 dozen metal breast buttons, £0 4s 9.5d

7.5 dozen gilt coat buttons, £0 10s 7.5d

8 dozen gilt breast buttons, £0 5s 8d

2 dozen white metal coat buttons, £0 1s 5d

Lead, 23 lb shot, £0 6s 3d

Candles, 9 lb, £0 17s 3d

Tin ware, £0 2s 10.5d

2 lamps, £0 0s 6.5d

1 saucepan, £0 2s 4d

Carried over, £164 14s 1.5d

Interpretations

The indigo at £1 2s for four and a half pounds was again much the dearest of the paints, far above the twelve pounds of whiting bought for a few pence, the same disproportion the servants' account had shown. The planters took the costly blue dyestuff sparingly against the cheap whitewash, the store retailing both at the 40 per cent rate, the one for colouring cloth and the finer painted work and the other for the plain whitening of walls, the whole range of colour held so that a household could buy the pigment its purse and purpose required.

The paint and iron ware among the planters' goods show the free households drawing on the store for the working materials of their own plantations and buildings as much as for finery, scythes, shovels, hatchets and sheep shears for the ground and stock, whiting and indigo for their houses. The store supplied the planter the plain stuff of his labour at the same steep rate it charged for his drink, the whole spread of a settled family's wants, from the tool to the button to the dyestuff, drawn from the one warehouse that furnished everything the island could not make for itself.

332

328

15 January

Brought over £ 164 19 1½

Cutlery Ware Vizt

7 Butchers Knives

2 7½

1 Ivory Comb

1 9

2 pr Shoe Buckles

1 4

5 8½

Nails Vizt

25 6

13 10

11 10

5 2

8 20

3 8

22 4

12 10

1 2 2

1 4½

3 40

1 5½

1 18 2½

Osenbrigs 51½ Yards

2 2 11

Pepper 3

1 3

China Ware 1 Bowl

3

Vinegar ½ Gallon

1 3

Turners Ware Vizt

2 Punch Ladles

1 8

1 Hair Broom

4 7

1 Shoe Brush

10

7 1

Rice 8 Ct

9

Pitch &ca Vizt

1½ Gallons Tar

1 3

20 Turpentine

3 9

5

£ 170 4 5½

Charges General Dr for the following Stores

Issued from the 1t Octor to the 31 Decr 1749 Vizt

Glaziers Ware Vizt

1 Sqr Crown Glass

5

2 Sqr Glass 12 by 12 for repairs

1 5½

Glaziers Ware Carried over £ 1 10½

The account carried over at £164 14s 1.5d, the sale to the planters at 40 per cent closing with the cutlery, nails, osnaburg, pepper, china ware, vinegar, turner's ware, rice and pitch at a total of £170 4s 5.5d, after which the charges general opened, the stores issued to the Company's own use from 1 October to 31 December 1749.

Brought over, £164 14s 1.5d

Cutlery ware, £0 5s 8.5d

7 butchers' knives, £0 2s 7.5d

1 ivory comb, £0 1s 9d

2 pairs shoe buckles, £0 1s 4d

Nails, £1 18s 0.5d

23 lb 6-penny, £0 13s 10d

11 lb 10-penny, £0 5s 0.5d

8 lb 20-penny, £0 3s 8d

22 lb 4-penny, £0 12s 10d

1.5 lb 2-penny, £0 1s 4.5d

3 lb 40-penny, £0 1s 3.5d

Osnaburg, 51.5 yards, £2 2s 11d

Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 3d

China ware, 1 bowl, £0 3s 0d

Vinegar, 0.5 gallon, £0 1s 3d

Turner's ware, £0 7s 1d

2 punch ladles, £0 1s 8d

1 hair broom, £0 4s 7d

1 shoe brush, £0 0s 10d

Rice, 0.5 hundredweight, £0 0s 9d

Pitch, £0 5s 0d

1.5 gallons tar, £0 1s 3d

20 lb turpentine, £0 3s 9d

Total, £170 4s 5.5d

The charges general covered the stores issued to the Company's own use from 1 October to 31 December 1749, opening with the glazier's ware.

Charges general, for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749

Glazier's ware

1 square crown glass, £0 0s 5d

2 squares glass, 12 by 12, for repairs, £0 1s 5.5d

Glazier's ware carried over, £1 10s 5d

Interpretations

The close of the planters' account at £170 for the quarter and the turn to the charges general marks the same shift from sale to consumption the September collection had shown, the free inhabitants' purchases giving way to the stores the Company issued for its own works and buildings. The crown glass and the twelve-by-twelve panes issued for repairs open the internal account, each booked to its purpose, the store now recording what the establishment's own upkeep drew from the warehouse rather than what it sold, the same strict accounting of consumption as of trade.

333

329

1749

Glaziers Ware Brought over £ 1 10½

12 Tumblers

5 5

2 Decanters for the Castle

7

12 Wine Glasses

5 6

19 9½

Deals Vizt

15 Single

1 5

1 Double for repair in the Castle

2 6

1 Elm plank for a Bench for the Armourer

& a Stopper for the Oven

18 11

2 6 5

Iron 201 for the Armourers Shop

1 4 9

Turners Ware Vizt

1 B Brown for the Castle

5

4 Paint Brushes for painting

1 8

2 Hair Brooms

6 6½

1 Scrub Brush for the Castle

1 4

6 Punch Ladles

3 6

1 Wood Ladle

2

13 7½

Soap 123

2 16 4½

Corks 1½ Gross for Bottling Beer

1 3 9

Ironmongers Ware Vizt

1 pr H Hinges for the Castle

4 8

3 Iron round Locks for one of ye Compy Houses

12 9

20 files

2 13

1 Whimble Stock

4 5

1 Smiths Rubber for the Armourer

3 2

1 Hand Vice

4 10

1 frying pan for the Kitchen

2 10

1 large plain

4

1 Jack plain for the Carpenters

1 10

1 hand Hatchet

1 7½

Ironmongers Ware Carried over £ 4 13 1½

Carried over £ 9 6 8½

The account carried over at £1 10s 5d, the charges general for the stores issued to the Company's own use running on through the glazier's ware, deals, iron, turner's ware, soap, corks and ironmonger's ware, the ironmonger's ware carried over at £4 13s 1.5d and the whole at £9 6s 8.5d.

Brought over, £1 10s 5d

Glazier's ware brought over, £1 10s 5d

12 tumblers, £0 5s 5d

2 decanters for the castle, £0 7s 0d

12 wine glasses for the castle, £0 5s 6d

Total, £1 9s 9.5d

Deals, £2 6s 3d

15 single for repair in the castle, £1 5s 0d

1 double for repair in the castle, £0 2s 6d

1 elm plank for a bench for the armourer and a stopper for the oven, £0 18s 11d

Iron, 201 lb for the armourer's shop, £1 4s 9d

Turner's ware, £0 13s 7.5d

1 birch broom for the castle, £0 0s 5d

4 paint brushes for painting, £0 1s 8d

2 hair brooms, £0 6s 6.5d

1 scrubbing brush for the castle, £0 1s 4d

6 punch ladles for the castle, £0 3s 6d

1 wooden ladle, £0 0s 2d

Soap, 123 lb, £2 16s 4.5d

Corks, 1.5 gross for bottling beer, £0 1s 3d

Ironmonger's ware

17 pairs H-hinges for the castle, £0 4s 8d

3 iron-rimmed locks for one of the Company's houses, £0 12s 9d

30 files, £2 13s 0d

1 whimble stock for the armourer, £0 4s 5d

1 smith's rubber for the armourer, £0 3s 2d

1 hand vice for the armourer, £0 4s 10d

1 frying pan for the kitchen, £0 2s 10d

1 large plane for the carpenters, £0 4s 0d

1 jack plane for the carpenters, £0 1s 10d

1 hand hatchet for the carpenters, £0 1s 1.5d

Ironmonger's ware carried over, £4 13s 1.5d

Carried over, £9 6s 8.5d

Interpretations

The charges general again booked every issue to its exact purpose, the glass, decanters and wine glasses to the castle, the deals for repairs and a bench for the armourer, the iron and tools to the armourer's shop and the carpenters, each line naming the work or the building it served. This was the settled discipline of the store's internal account, the Company's own consumption reckoned as strictly as its trade, so that the board and the Court at home could see exactly what the upkeep of the castle, the forge and the workshops had drawn from the warehouse, nothing issued without its use set against it.

The files issued to the armourer at £2 13s for thirty were the heaviest single line of the internal account, the wearing stock of the forge consumed steadily in shaping and mending iron. The store furnished the armourer his files, whimble stock, smith's rubber and hand vice, and the carpenters their planes and hatchet, the establishment maintaining its own skilled trades from the warehouse, the tools by which the settlement kept its arms and buildings in repair drawn from the same stock it sold, the internal supply of the crafts accounted line by line like every other charge.

334

330

15 January

Brought over £ 9 6 8½

Ironmongers Ware Brought over £ 4 13 1½

2 pr Steel Compasses

1 1½

5 Hammers

2 11

2 Gouges for the Carpent

5½

2 Socket Chisels

1 6

1 Tennant Saw

6 8

1 Cupboard Lock

2 6

1 Box Iron & Heaters for the Laundry

8 4

5 16 7½

Oil Vizt

4½ Gallons Train for the Kitchen

Bakehouse Clean & Arms &ca

12 10

2 Bottles Florence for Cleang Arms Blocks

5 2

18

Nails Vizt

5 4

9½

3 20

11

8 10 for repairs in the Castle

2 8

6 6

2 3

6 Coopers Rivets for the Cooper

2 4½

9

Iron Potts 3 for the Kitchen

15

Tar Vizt

19½ Gallons Tar for repairs to ye Compy Houses

13 8

12 Rozen for the Castle

2 6

16 2

Long Cloth 1 pr Ordy for rubbers for the Castle

17 3

Chelloes 1 pce

9 3

Lines 4 Hambro for the Castle

2 6

China Ware Vizt

9 half pint Cups & Saucers

2 7½

8 Nogging Cups & Do for ye Castle

1 8

9 Enameld Sneekers

2 7½

China Ware Carried over £ 6 11

Carried over £ 19 10 6

The account carried over at £9 6s 8.5d, the charges general for the stores issued to the Company's own use running on through the ironmonger's ware, oil, nails, iron pots, tar, long cloth, chelloes, lines and china ware, the china ware carried over at £0 11s and the whole at £19 10s 6d.

Brought over, £9 6s 8.5d

Ironmonger's ware brought over, £4 13s 1.5d

2 pairs steel compasses, £0 1s 1.5d

3 hammers, £0 2s 11d

2 gouges, £0 0s 5.5d

2 socket chisels for the carpenters, £0 1s 6d

1 tenant saw, £0 6s 8d

1 cupboard lock, £0 2s 6d

1 box iron heater for the laundry, £0 8s 4d

Total, £5 16s 7.5d

Oil, £0 18s 0d

4.5 gallons train for the kitchen and bakehouse, cleaning arms and the rest, £0 12s 10d

2 bottles florence for cleaning the arms and locks, £0 5s 2d

Nails, £0 18s 0d

6 lb 4-penny, £0 0s 9.5d

3 lb 20-penny, £0 [...]

8 lb 10-penny for repairs in the castle, £0 2s 8d

6 lb 6-penny, £0 2s 3d

6 lb coopers' rivets for the coopers, £0 2s 4.5d

Iron pots, 3 for the kitchen, £0 9s 0d

Tar, £0 15s 0d

19.5 gallons tar for repairs to the Company's houses, £0 13s 8d

12 lb rosin for the castle, £0 2s 6d

Long cloth, 1 piece ordinary, £0 16s 2d

Chelloes, 1 piece for rubbers for the castle, £0 17s 3d

Lines, 4 hambro for the castle, £0 9s 3d

China ware, for the castle

9 half-pint cups and saucers, £0 2s 7.5d

8 nogging cups and dishes, £0 1s 8d

9 enamelled sneakers, £0 2s 7.5d

China ware carried over, £0 11s 0d

Carried over, £19 10s 6d

Interpretations

The oil and florence issued for cleaning the arms and locks show the settlement keeping its firelocks and small arms serviceable against rust in the damp sea air, the fine olive oil bought to clean the metal and the train oil put to the kitchen, bakehouse and the same cleaning. An island garrison whose muskets and gun-locks stood always against the salt weather needed a steady supply of oil to keep them fit to fire, the arms maintained from the store like the guns themselves, the small charge of florence for the locks a standing part of the establishment's upkeep.

The chelloes issued for rubbers and the long cloth and china ware for the castle mark the store furnishing the household stuff of the governor's residence from the same warehouse that armed the fort, rubbers being cloths for cleaning and polishing, the India cotton put to the plainest domestic use. The whole internal account ran from the arms and tools of defence and craft to the cups, cloths and kitchen pots of the castle table, the establishment consuming its imported goods for every purpose from war to housekeeping, each issue named to its use so the Court could trace where every yard and pot had gone.

335

331

1749

Brought over £ 19 10 6

China Ware Brought over £ 6 11

12 Dishes

19 Plates for the Castle

1 3 4

2 Bowls for the Castle

4

1 14 3

Braziers Ware Vizt

1 Copper Boiling Pott

1 11 1½

1 Brass Cock Store Use

7 1½

1 18 3

Tin Ware 2 Lamps for the Castle

2 6

Candles Vizt

36 for the Castle

2 8

57 for the Councel

3 6 8

6 14 8

Paint Vizt

2 Indico for Linnen

3 4

1 Barrel Blacking for painting

7 8

11

Cordage 7 for a Well Rope

2 4½

Coals 83 Bushels for the Armourers Shop

4 6 5½

£ 31

Diet Expences Dr for the following Stores Issued

for the Table from the 1t October to the 31 December 1749 Vizt

Tea 10 Single

11 2

Salt 1½ Bushels

4 4

Beef & Pork Vizt

35 pr Pork

3 16

2 pr Beef

5 6

4 1 6

Candy 232

2 12 1½

Rice 72

5

Carried over £ 7 14

The account carried over at £19 10s 6d, the charges general closing with the china ware, brazier's ware, tin ware, candles, paint, cordage and coals at a total of £31. A fresh sub-account then opened, the diet expenses for the general table, the stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749.

Brought over, £19 10s 6d

China ware brought over, £0 11s 0d

12 dishes and 19 plates for the castle, £1 3s 4d

2 bowls for the castle, £0 4s 0d

Total, £1 14s 3d

Brazier's ware, £1 18s 3d

1 copper boiling pot, £1 11s 1.5d

1 brass cock, store use, £0 7s 1.5d

Tin ware, 2 lamps for the castle, £0 2s 6d

Candles, £5 14s 8d

36 lb for the castle, £2 8s 0d

53 lb for the council, £3 6s 8d

Paint, £0 11s 0d

2 lb indigo for linens, £0 3s 4d

1 barrel bleaching for painting, £0 7s 8d

Cordage, 7 lb for a well rope, £0 2s 4.5d

Coals, 83 bushels for the armourer's shop, £4 6s 5.5d

Total, £31 0s 0d

The diet expenses for the general table covered the stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749.

Diet expenses, for the following stores issued for the table from 1 October to 31 December 1749

Tea, 10 lb single, £0 11s 2d

Salt, 1.5 bushels, £0 4s 4d

Beef and pork, £4 1s 6d

35 lb pork, £3 16s 0d

2 lb beef, £0 5s 6d

Candy, 232 lb, £2 12s 1.5d

Rice, 72 lb, £0 5s 0d

Carried over, £7 14s 0d

Interpretations

The candles issued to the castle and the council, thirty-six pounds to the one and fifty-three to the other, mark the lighting of the establishment's own business charged to its account, the greater share going to the council by whose light the board sat and kept its books. The indigo issued for the linens shows the blue used to whiten the castle's washing, the same dyestuff the store sold as a pigment put here to the laundry, the whole internal housekeeping of the settlement reckoned to the pound of candle and the ounce of blue, the domestic upkeep of the governor's house accounted as strictly as its defence.

The coals at £4 6s 5.5d for the armourer's shop were the fuel of the forge, the sea coal shipped from England to fire the smithy where no wood grew fit to burn for such work. An island that could barely furnish fuel for its kitchens depended wholly on imported coal to keep its armourer at his forge, the mending of the arms and iron resting on a material carried the length of the ocean, the coals booked to the shop as a standing charge of maintaining the settlement's one means of working metal.

336

332

15 January

Brought over £ 7 14

Flour 492

6 17 3½

Brandy 27 Gallons

3 14 3

Arrack 24 Gallons

1 10

Oil 6 Bottles Florence

13 6

Vinegar 3 Gallons

5 9

Pepper 6

3

20 10 9½

Blacks Dr for the following Stores Issued for

their Use from the 1t October to the 31 December 1749 Vizt

Brandy 47½ Gallons for Drams when at

hard Labour & their Customary Allowance at

Christmass

10 5 10

Rice 20 Ct 3

8 6 10

Beef & Pork Vizt

4 pr Beef

3 16

288 pr Pork

39 12

43 8

Tea 15½ Bohea

11

Sugar 20½

9 3½

Bread 4 for the Sick

1

Oil Vizt

¼ Gallon Train

8

¼ Gallon Linseed

10½

to make wax for Shoes

1 6½

Rozin 7

2½

Shoes Vizt

1 pr Boys

3 6

1 pr Girls

2

1 pr Womens Calf

2 9

8 3

Hosiers Ware 4 pr Womens Stockings

3 1

Sailors Clothes 2 Mens Chequed Shirts

7 1

Carried over £ 66 2 2½

The account carried over at £7 14s, the diet expenses closing with the flour, brandy, arrack, oil, vinegar and pepper at a total of £20 10s 9.5d. A fresh sub-account then opened, the stores issued for the use of the Company's slaves from 1 October to 31 December 1749, running through the brandy, rice, provisions, tea, sugar, bread, oil, rosin, shoes, hosiery and sailors' clothes to the £66 2s 2.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £7 14s 0d

Flour, 92 lb, £0 6s 8d

Brandy, 27 gallons, £6 17s 3.5d

Arrack, 24 gallons, £3 14s 3d

Oil, 6 bottles florence, £1 0s 0d

Vinegar, 3 gallons, £0 15s 6d

Pepper, 6 lb, £0 3s 0d

Total, £20 10s 9.5d

The stores issued for the use of the Company's slaves from 1 October to 31 December 1749 opened with the brandy.

Charges for the Company's slaves, for the following stores issued for their use from 1 October to 31 December 1749

Brandy, 47.5 gallons for drams when at hard labour and their customary allowance at Christmas, £10 5s 10d

Rice, 20 hundredweight 3 quarters, £8 6s 10d

Beef and pork, £43 8s 0d

158 lb beef, £3 16s 0d

288 lb pork, £39 12s 0d

Tea, 15 lb bohea, £0 11s 0d

Sugar, for the sick, £0 9s 3.5d

Bread, for the sick, £0 [...]

Oil, for the sick, £0 1s 0d

4 gallons train, £0 8s 0d

4 gallons linseed, £0 10s 2d

Rosin, to make wax for shoes, £0 1s 6.5d

Shoes, £0 2s 2.5d

1 pair boys', £0 3s 6d

1 pair girls', £0 2s 0d

1 pair women's calf, £0 2s 9d

Hosiery ware, 1 pair women's stockings, £0 3s 1d

Sailors' clothes, 2 men's checked shirts, £0 2s 1d

Carried over, £66 2s 2.5d

Interpretations

The brandy issued to the slaves marks the two occasions the Company served them spirits, in drams when they were put to hard labour and as their customary allowance at Christmas, the drink used both to drive the heaviest work and to mark the one festival of the year. The near forty-eight gallons was a heavier charge than the September quarter's, the winter's works and the Christmas allowance together drawing it up, the entry setting down plainly the double purpose the spirit served, a spur to labour and a fixed seasonal indulgence, both reckoned as a charge on the establishment.

The rosin issued to make wax for shoes shows the slaves mending their own footwear, the rosin worked into a wax to dress the thread for stitching leather, the Company supplying the material so its labour could keep its shoes in repair. The whole slaves' account, from the salt meat and rice of the ration to the brandy, the invalid diet for the sick and the small issues of shoes and cloth, marks the Company maintaining its labour force at every point from feeding to clothing to the mending of their shoes, the cost of keeping the slaves in work reckoned line by line as the greatest of the internal charges the quarter carried.

337

333

1749

Brought over £ 66 2 2½

Thread 7 Coloured to mend their Cloths

3 4

Hooks & Lines Vizt

3 doz Hooks for fishing

5

1 Small Line for whips

4

9

Twine 4 Skains to make their Shoes

1 8½

Iron Ware 1 Padlock

1 10

£ 66 9 10

Garrison Dr for the following Stores Issued from the 1t

October to the 31 December 1749 Vizt

Tea 8 Bohea for the several Guards

3 3½

Paint Vizt

13 Whiting to clean the Balls

2½

6 Chalk

2

3

Sugar 28 for the Doctors Shop

5 7

Candles 2 for the Doctors Shop

8

Oil Vizt

1 Gallon Linseed

3 5½

52½ Gallons Train for the Several Guards

11 13 5

11 16 10½

Vinegar 1 Gallon

1 11

Rozen 16 for the Doctors Shop

2 11

Tin Ware 8 Lamps for the Barracks & out posts

6 8

Iron Pots 1 for Sandy Bay Guard

12 1

Cutlery Ware 6 Butchers Knives for the Gunners Use

1 6

Turners Ware Vizt

8 Wood Bowls

7 6

9 Platters for the Out posts

8 5

1 Paint Brush for the Gunners

5

16 4

Iron Ware Vizt

1 Stock Lock

1 10

1 hand Hatchet for the Gunners

1 7½

3 5½

Carried over £ 17 17 9½

The account carried over at £66 2s 2.5d, the slaves' account closing with the thread, hooks and lines, twine and iron ware at a total of £66 9s 10d. A fresh sub-account then opened, the garrison, the stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749, running through the tea, paint, sugar, candles, oil, vinegar, rosin, tin ware, iron pots, cutlery, turner's ware and iron ware to the £17 17s 9.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £66 2s 2.5d

Thread, coloured, to mend their clothes, £0 3s 4d

Hooks and lines, £0 [...]

3 dozen hooks for fishing, £0 0s 5d

1 small line for whips, £0 0s 4d

Twine, 4 skeins to make their shoes, £0 0s 9d

Iron ware, 1 padlock, £0 1s 10d

Total, £66 9s 10d

The garrison covered the stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749.

Garrison, for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749

Tea, 89 lb bohea for the several guards, £3 3s 2.5d

Paint, £0 0s 3d

13 lb whiting to clean the walls, £0 0s 2.5d

0.5 lb chalk, £0 0s 2d

Sugar, 28 lb for the doctor's shop, £0 5s 7d

Candles, 7 lb for the doctor's shop, £0 8s 0d

Oil, £11 16s 10.5d

1 gallon linseed, £0 3s 5.5d

52.5 gallons train for the several guards, £11 13s 5d

Vinegar, 1 gallon for the doctor's shop, £0 1s 11d

Rosin, 10 lb for the doctor's shop, £0 2s 11d

Tin ware, 8 lamps for the barracks and out forts, £0 6s 8d

Iron pots, 1 for Sandy Bay guard, £0 12s 1d

Cutlery ware, 6 butchers' knives for the gunner's use, £0 1s 6d

Turner's ware, £0 16s 4d

8 wooden bowls for the out forts, £0 7s 6d

9 platters for the out forts, £0 8s 5d

1 paint brush for the gunners, £0 0s 5d

Iron ware, £0 [...]

1 stock lock, £0 1s 10d

1 hand hatchet for the gunners, £0 1s 7.5d

Carried over, £17 17s 9.5d

Interpretations

The tea and train oil issued to the several guards were the two heaviest lines of the garrison account, the eighty-nine pounds of bohea served to the men on watch and the fifty-two gallons of oil that lit the guardhouses through the long winter nights. The tea marks a settled provision for the soldiers on duty, a warm drink at the posts against the cold and the tedium of the watch, and the oil the constant lighting the scattered forts and barracks needed, the whole cost of keeping the guard fed, warmed and lit through the quarter reckoned line by line as a charge on the establishment.

The sugar, candles, vinegar and rosin issued to the doctor's shop mark the small stores the surgeon drew for the hospital and his own dispensing, the sugar and vinegar for the sick, the rosin for plasters and the candles for his work. These were the medical provisions of the garrison charged under its account rather than the hospital's, the surgeon's shop supplied from the store like every other department, the care of the soldiers' health accounted with the powder, the lamps and the guardhouse oil, the whole maintenance of the garrison from its watch-fires to its physic drawn from the one warehouse and entered to its several uses.

338

334

15 January

Brought over £ 17 17 9½

Deals 7 Single for Coffins

11 8

Nails Vizt

4 6 for Coffins

1 1½

4 Scupper to mend Rammers

2½

1 4

Brandy 5 Gallons given them on his Majestys

Birth day

1 1 8

Lines 1 for Whips

4

Arrack 11¾ Gallons for Drams on Mustering

14 8

£ 20 7 5½

Plantation Dr for the following Stores Issued from the

1t October to the 31 December 1749 Vizt

Rice & Paddy Vizt

9 Paddy

2 1 7½

1 2 24 Rice for the Poultry

13 11

2 15 6½

Nails Vizt

12¼ 6

4 8

9½ 10

5 2

21 4

8 4

12 20

3 9

for repair to the Plantation House

Paint Vizt

6 Chalk

10 Whiting

2

Deals Vizt

4 Double

10

11 Single

18 4

1 Spar for the boat

2 2

1 10 6

Glaziers Ware 22 Sqr Glass 8 by 10 for

the Plantation House

1 2

Carried over £ 6 6 3½

The account carried over at £17 17s 9.5d, the garrison account closing with the deals, nails, brandy, lines and arrack at a total of £20 7s 5.5d. A fresh sub-account then opened, the plantation, the stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749, running through the rice and paddy, nails, paint, deals and glazier's ware to the £6 6s 3.5d carried forward.

Brought over, £17 17s 9.5d

Deals, 7 single for coffins, £0 11s 8d

Nails, £0 1s 4d

6 lb 6-penny for coffins, £0 1s 1.5d

2.5 lb scupper to mend rammers, £0 0s 2.5d

Brandy, 5 gallons given them on His Majesty's birthday, £1 1s 8d

Lines, 1 for whips, £0 0s 4d

Arrack, 11.75 gallons for drams on mustering, £0 15s 8d

Total, £20 7s 5.5d

The plantation covered the stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749.

Plantation, for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749

Rice and paddy, £2 15s 6.5d

9 hundredweight paddy for the poultry, £2 1s 7.5d

1 hundredweight 2 quarters 24 lb rice for the poultry, £0 13s 11d

Nails, £0 19s 11d

12.5 lb 6-penny, £0 4s 8d

9.5 lb 10-penny, £0 5s 2d

21 lb 8-penny, £0 8s 4d

12 lb 20-penny, £0 3s 9d

Paint, for repair to the plantation house, £0 2s 0d

0.5 lb chalk, £0 [...]

10 lb whiting, £0 [...]

Deals, £1 10s 6d

4 double, £0 10s 0d

11 single, £0 18s 4d

1 spar for the boat, £0 2s 2d

Glazier's ware, 22 squares glass, 8 by 10, for the plantation house, £1 0s 2d

Carried over, £6 6s 3.5d

Interpretations

The deals and nails issued for coffins mark the standing charge of burying the garrison's dead, the boards and nails to make the coffins entered under the garrison account as the men died through the quarter. The two soldier deaths noted at the December consultation, John Norton and the child of Thomas Watts, and the others of the winter drew on this provision, the store furnishing the timber for the dead as a routine cost of the establishment, the coffin boards booked among the arrack, powder and lamps of the guard, the whole passage of a soldier from muster to grave reckoned as a charge on the Company.

The brandy given the garrison on the King's birthday and the arrack served in drams on mustering show the two occasions the soldiers were furnished spirits at the Company's charge, the one a fixed festival marked with drink and salute, the other the working ration on parade days. These were the same double use the slaves' brandy had shown, the spirit serving both ceremony and labour, the establishment reckoning even its indulgences and its loyalty to the pound and gallon, the birthday allowance and the muster drams entered as exactly as the coffins and the guardhouse oil.

339

335

1749

Brought over £ 6 6 3½

Lead 1 Ct 2 21 Sheet for the Plantation House

1 12 1

Braziers Ware 1 Brass Cock for the Great Wood

7 1½

Oil Vizt

½ Gallon Linseed for the Plantation House

10½

1¼ Gallons Train for the Tanner & to rub

Mangy Goats

4 8

5 6½

Cutlery Ware 2 Butchers Knives

6

Turners Ware 2 Labourers Baskets for the Great Wood

1 1

Iron Ware Vizt

2 pr Sheep Sheers for Shearing Sheep

2 6½

1 Scyth

5 9

2 Scyth Stones for mowing

6

1 Iron round Lock for the Laundry at

the Plantation House

4 3

4 Broad Hoes for the Plantations

6 10

3 Shod Shovels for Do

5 6

1 pr Garden Sheers for the Garden

1 5

2 pr H Hinges for the Plantation House

10 8

1 Grafting Saw for pruning Trees

2 9

2 6 2½

Tar 1 Gallon for the Cart

8½

£ 10 19 6½

Fortification Dr for the following Stores Issued from the

1t October to the 31 December 1749 Vizt

Cordage 7 for the Flag at the Castle

and Alarm House

9 9

Oil ½ Gallon Linseed to make putty for ye flagstaff

1 8½

Paint 3 White Lead

6

Lines 1 Hambro for a flagg

7½

12 7

The account carried over at £6 6s 3.5d, the plantation account closing with the lead, brazier's ware, oil, cutlery, turner's ware, iron ware and tar at a total of £10 19s 6.5d. A fresh sub-account then opened, the fortification, the stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749, running through the cordage, oil, paint and lines to a total of £0 12s 7d.

Brought over, £6 6s 3.5d

Lead, 1 hundredweight 3 quarters 21 lb sheet for the plantation house, £1 12s 1d

Brazier's ware, 1 brass cock for the Great Wood, £0 7s 1.5d

Oil, £0 5s 6.5d

0.5 gallon linseed for the plantation house, £0 0s 10.5d

1.75 gallons train for the tanner and to rub mangy goats, £0 4s 8d

Cutlery ware, 2 butchers' knives, £0 0s 6d

Turner's ware, 2 labourers' baskets for the Great Wood, £0 1s 1d

Iron ware, £2 6s 2.5d

2 pairs sheep shears for shearing sheep, £0 2s 6.5d

1 scythe, £0 5s 9d

2 scythe stones for mowing, £0 0s 6d

1 iron-rimmed lock for the laundry at the plantation house, £0 4s 3d

4 broad hoes for the plantations, £0 6s 10d

3 shod shovels for the plantations, £0 5s 6d

1 pair garden shears for the garden, £0 1s 5d

2 pairs H-hinges for the plantation house, £0 10s 8d

1 grafting saw for pruning trees, £0 2s 9d

Tar, 1 gallon for the cart, £0 0s 8.5d

Total, £10 19s 6.5d

The fortification covered the stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749.

Fortification, for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749

Cordage, 5 lb for the flag at the castle and alarm house, £0 9s 9d

Oil, 0.5 gallon linseed to make putty for the flagstaff, £0 1s 8.5d

Paint, 2 lb white lead, £0 0s 6d

Lines, 1 hambro for a flag, £0 0s 7d

Total, £0 12s 7d

Interpretations

The train oil issued to rub the mangy goats shows the plantation account carrying even the doctoring of the sick stock, the oil used to dress the skin disease that ran through the goat flock, the same material put to the tanner's work and the plantation house. This was the ordinary husbandry of the herds entered among the store's issues, the treatment of a common animal ailment reckoned as a charge like any other, the oil that lit the guardhouses and cleaned the arms elsewhere put here to the humblest use of easing a diseased beast.

The lock and hinges issued for the laundry and the plantation house mark the store furnishing and securing the Company's own outlying buildings, the plantation house that stood as the alternate seat of council where these very consultations were held. The whole plantation account ran from the poultry's paddy and the herds' shears through the garden and orchard tools to the fabric of the house itself, the Company maintaining its farm, its stock and its country residence from the warehouse, each issue named to its ground, building or beast, the upkeep of the plantation reckoned as closely as the trade of the store.

340

336

15 January

Hospital Dr for the following Stores Issued

from the 1t October to the 31 December 1749 Vizt

Sugar 123½

1 8 3½

Flour 82

11 3

Oil 4 Gallons Train

10 10

Rice 274

10 8

Salt 1½ Bushel

4 4

3 4 6½

Boats Dr for the following Stores Issued from

the 1t October to the 31 December 1749 Vizt

Pitch &ca Vizt

6 Pitch

1 3

2 Gallons Tar

1 5

2 8

Lead 4½ Sheet

9

Nails Vizt

7 3

1

2 6

9

1 4

£ 4 9

December 31 1749

Errors Excepted

pr Matthew Durling Stockr

List

The account turned to the hospital, the stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749, running through the sugar, flour, oil, rice and salt to a total of £3 14s 6.5d. A fresh sub-account then opened, the boats, the stores issued over the same quarter, running through the pitch, lead and nails to a total of £0 4s 9d. The storekeeper Matthew Purling subscribed the whole account, errors excepted, on 31 December 1749.

Hospital, for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749

Sugar, 123.5 lb, £1 8s 3.5d

Flour, 82 lb, £0 11s 3d

Oil, 4 gallons train, £0 10s 10d

Rice, 271 lb, £0 19s 8d

Salt, 1.5 bushels, £0 4s 4d

Total, £3 14s 6.5d

The boats covered the stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749.

Boats, for the following stores issued from 1 October to 31 December 1749

Pitch, £0 2s 8d

6 lb pitch, £0 1s 3d

2 gallons tar, £0 1s 3d

Lead, 4.5 sheet, £0 0s 9d

Nails, £0 1s 4d

0.5 lb 6-penny, £0 0s 1d

2 lb 6-penny, £0 0s 9d

Total, £0 4s 9d

The storekeeper Matthew Purling subscribed the account, errors excepted, on 31 December 1749.

Interpretations

The hospital account again set out the lighter and sweeter diet issued to the sick apart from the common ration, sugar, flour, rice and a little salt and oil, the invalid fare the surgeon judged fitter for the disordered than the plain provision of the garrison. Its modest total marks the standing provision the establishment made for its sick out of the store, the same care shown quarter by quarter through the record, the hospital fed on a diet apart and reckoned as a distinct charge like the plantation, the garrison and the fortification before it.

The subscription of the whole quarter's account by Matthew Purling the storekeeper, errors excepted, on 31 December 1749 closed the collection and made him personally answerable for the whole reckoning of goods sold and stores issued. This was the formal act by which the storekeeper certified his books to the board and, through it, to the Court at home, his signature the warrant that the trade and consumption of the settlement had been entered truly, the account then passing to the board's examination and approval, the same closing form that had ended the September collection three months before.

341

337

List of the Honourable Company’s officers and servants upon the Island of St Helena, with their several salaries, diet money etc. for the quarter commencing October the 1st 1749 and ending December 31st 1749.

Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor: Salary £125. Allowance for servants as usual £31 14s 9d. Total £156 14s 9d.

Capt. David Hunter Lt. Governor: Salary £62 10s. Diet money £25. Total £87 10s.

John Clark of Council: Salary £—

John Godwin, Accomptant: Salary £17 10s. Diet money £15. House rent £2 10s. Total £35.

Matthew Purling, Storekeeper: Salary £17 10s. Diet money £15. Total £32 10s.

William Loveday, Chaplain: Salary £25. Diet money £15. Total £40.

Francis Wranham, Factor: Salary £7 10s. Diet money £10. Total £17 10s.

Thomas French, Factor: Salary £7 10s. Diet money £10. Total £17 10s.

James Powell, Factor: Salary £7 10s. Diet money £10. Assistant Storekeeper £5. House rent £2 10s. Total £25.

Matthew Bazett, Writer: Salary £3. Diet money £10. Total £13.

Samuel Falconer, Surgeon: Salary £9 15s. Diet money £10. House rent £2 10s. Total £22 5s.

James Stevenson, Mate Surgeon: Salary £5. Diet money £11 5s. Total £16 5s.

Carried over £480 4s 9d.

The list of the Honourable Company’s officers and servants stationed on St Helena for the quarter beginning 1 October 1749 and ending 31 December 1749 recorded their respective salaries and allowances as follows.

Governor Charles Hutchinson received a salary of £125, together with his customary allowance for servants amounting to £31 14s 9d, giving a total of £156 14s 9d. Lieutenant Governor David Hunter received a salary of £62 10s and diet money of £25, totalling £87 10s. John Clark, serving on the Council, had no salary recorded.

John Godwin, the accountant, received £17 10s in salary, £15 in diet money, and £2 10s for house rent, bringing his total to £35. Matthew Spurling, the storekeeper, received £17 10s in salary and £15 in diet money, totalling £32 10s.

William Loveday, the chaplain, received £25 salary and £15 diet money, totalling £40. Francis Wranham, factor, received £7 10s in salary and £10 in diet money, making £17 10s. Thomas French, also a factor, received the same amounts, totalling £17 10s.

James Powell, factor, received £7 10s salary, £10 diet money, £5 as assistant storekeeper, and £2 10s for house rent, making a total of £25. Matthew Bazett, writer, received £3 salary and £10 diet money, amounting to £13.

Samuel Falconer, surgeon, received £9 15s salary, £10 diet money, and £2 10s house rent, totalling £22 5s. James Stevenson, mate surgeon, received £5 salary and £11 5s diet money, totalling £16 5s.

The subtotal carried forward amounted to £480 4s 9d.

342

338

Brought over £480 4s 9d

Richard Gurling, Overseer: £15
John Swales, Overseer: £15
Richard Beale, Schoolmaster: Salary £3 8s 3d, as Clerk £5. Total £8 8s 3d.
John Bland, Master Mason: Salary £17 10s, diet money £10, house rent £1 10s. Total £29.
Mark Hawkins, Mason: Salary £12 10s, diet money £6 10s 6½d, house rent £1. Total £20 6s 10½d.
William Hayes, Master of Arms: £6 5s.
Nicholas Cleather, Steward: £7 10s.
William Dewe, Gardener: £9 11s 3d.
Robert Peacock, Cooper: £8 15s.
Henry Brimmon, Armourer: £10 10s.
John Artingstall, Patron of the Long Boat: £7 10s.
Robert Wright, Horsekeeper: £2.
Andrew Blinman, Marshall: £4 7s 9d.

Subtotal £616 18s 10½d.

First Company
John Clark, First Lieutenant: Salary £10, diet money £6 10s 6½d, on account of instructing gunners £7 10s.
William Hayes, Adjutant: Salary £10, diet money £7 1s 3d.
Total £41 8s 1½d.

Sergeants
Henry Beale £6 14s 6d.
Bartholomew Molloy £6 14s 6d.
Solomon Jacobs £6 14s 6d.

Total for sergeants £20 3s 6d.

Carried over £678 10s 6d.

The accounts continued with the following officers and servants. Richard Gurling, overseer, received £15, and John Swales, overseer, also £15. Richard Beale, schoolmaster, received £3 8s 3d as salary and £5 for his duties as clerk, making £8 8s 3d in total. John Bland, master mason, received £17 10s salary, £10 diet money, and £1 10s house rent, amounting to £29. Mark Hawkins, mason, received £12 10s salary, £6 10s 6½d diet money, and £1 house rent, giving a total of £20 6s 10½d. William Hayes, master of arms, received £6 5s, and Nicholas Cleather, steward, £7 10s. William Dewe, gardener, was paid £9 11s 3d. Robert Peacock, cooper, received £8 15s, Henry Brimmon, armourer, £10 10s, and John Artingstall, patron of the long boat, £7 10s. Robert Wright, horsekeeper, was paid £2, and Andrew Blinman, marshall, £4 7s 9d.

These amounts brought the subtotal to £616 18s 10½d.

Under the First Company, John Clark, first lieutenant, received £10 salary, £6 10s 6½d in diet money, and £7 10s for instructing gunners. William Hayes, adjutant, received £10 salary and £7 1s 3d diet money. Together, their total came to £41 8s 1½d.

Among the sergeants, Henry Beale, Bartholomew Molloy, and Solomon Jacobs each received £6 14s 6d, making a combined total of £20 3s 6d.

The subtotal carried forward now stood at £678 10s 6d.

343

339

Brought over £678 10s 6d

Corporals
Daniel Langton £4 7s 9d
Joseph Long £4 7s 9d
William Davis £4 7s 9d
John Swindall, Drummer £4 7s 9d
Total £13 3s 3d

Centinels
Edward Allis £3 8s 3d
John Bray £3 8s 3d
George Bennett £3 8s 3d
Joseph Brooks £3 8s 3d
Augustine Ballis £3 8s 3d
William Bruff £3 8s 3d
Thomas Brown £3 8s 3d
John Buckles £3 8s 3d
Matthew Campbell £3 8s 3d
Joseph Cartwright £3 8s 3d
William Enzor £3 8s 3d
George Green £3 8s 3d
Thomas Greenaway £3 8s 3d
Thomas Hails £3 8s 3d
Humphrey Harrison £3 8s 3d
George Harper £3 8s 3d
James Hendry £3 8s 3d
Woolston Jones £3 8s 3d
Major Jackson £3 8s 3d
Thomas Jarvis £3 8s 3d
William Lambton £3 8s 3d
James Lee £3 8s 3d
John Marsh £3 8s 3d
John Maurell £3 8s 3d
James Mills £3 8s 3d

Centinels carried over £85 0s 3d
Total carried over £696 1s 6d

The list continued with the non-commissioned officers and soldiers.

Among the corporals, Daniel Langton, Joseph Long, and William Davis each received £4 7s 9d. John Swindall, serving as drummer, was paid the same amount. The total for this group was £13 3s 3d.

For the centinels, the following men each received £3 8s 3d: Edward Allis, John Bray, George Bennett, Joseph Brooks, Augustine Ballis, William Bruff, Thomas Brown, John Buckles, Matthew Campbell, Joseph Cartwright, William Enzor, George Green, Thomas Greenaway, Thomas Hails, Humphrey Harrison, George Harper, James Hendry, Woolston Jones, Major Jackson, Thomas Jarvis, William Lambton, James Lee, John Marsh, John Maurell, and James Mills. The subtotal for the centinels came to £85 0s 3d.

This brought the running total to £696 1s 6d.

344

340

Brought over £696 1s 6d

Centinels brought over £85 6s 3d

Humphrey Pugh £3 8s 3d
James Renard £3 8s 3d
James Richardson £3 8s 3d
John Scotcher £3 8s 3d
John Shaw £3 8s 3d
John Searby £3 8s 3d
Solomon Saunders £3 8s 3d
Emanuel Steel £3 8s 3d
John Spencer £3 8s 3d
William Starr £3 8s 3d
Joel Urquhart £3 8s 3d
Peter Wills £3 8s 3d
Thomas Wagg £3 8s 3d
Thomas Walls £3 8s 3d

Total for First Company £133 1s 9d

Second Company
Joseph Kendall, Lieutenant: Salary £10, diet money £6 10s 6½d, house rent £2 10s. Total £19 6s 10½d.

Sergeants
Robert Mason £6 14s 6d
Gabriel Sacks £6 14s 6d
Daniel Bush £6 14s 6d
Total £20 3s 6d

Corporals
Michael Frost £4 7s 9d
John Holloway £4 7s 9d
Samuel Talbott £4 7s 9d
Thomas London, Drummer £4 7s 9d
Total £13 3s 3d

Carried over £886 1s 7½d

The list continued with the remaining centinels of the First Company. After the previously carried-over amount of £85 6s 3d, the following men each received £3 8s 3d: Humphrey Pugh, James Renard, James Richardson, John Scotcher, John Shaw, John Searby, Solomon Saunders, Emanuel Steel, John Spencer, William Starr, Joel Urquhart, Peter Wills, Thomas Wagg, and Thomas Walls.

The total for the First Company amounted to £133 1s 9d.

Under the Second Company, Lieutenant Joseph Kendall received £10 salary, £6 10s 6½d in diet money, and £2 10s for house rent, totalling £19 6s 10½d.

The sergeants of the Second Company were Robert Mason, Gabriel Sacks, and Daniel Bush, each receiving £6 14s 6d, making a combined total of £20 3s 6d.

The corporals were Michael Frost, John Holloway, and Samuel Talbott, each receiving £4 7s 9d, together with Thomas London, drummer, who received the same amount. Their total came to £13 3s 3d.

The subtotal carried forward now stood at £886 1s 7½d.

345

341

Brought over £886 1s 7½d

Centinels
Joseph Anderos £3 8s 3d
Peter Barker £3 8s 3d
Josiah Banks £3 8s 3d
Francis Berwick £3 8s 3d
John Brock £3 8s 3d
William Brooks £3 8s 3d
John Brown £3 8s 3d
John Chapman £3 8s 3d
William Cock £3 8s 3d
William Duffon £3 8s 3d
John Douglass £3 8s 3d
Robert Everage £3 8s 3d
Peter Finnall £3 8s 3d
John Fletcher £3 8s 3d
John Gould £3 8s 3d
John Hayes £3 8s 3d
Joseph Hayes £3 8s 3d
William Harrow, transferred from 4th Company December 2nd, for that day £1 2s 5½d
Isaac Helms £3 8s 3d
James English £3 8s 3d
Samuel Rilton £3 8s 3d
Charles Legent £3 8s 3d
James Long £3 8s 3d
Joseph Lovett £3 8s 3d
Thomas Mason £3 8s 3d
Richard Maytanks £3 8s 3d
Richard Moyes £3 8s 3d
John Norton, transferred to 4th Company December 2nd, for that day £2 6s 4½d
William Page £3 8s 3d
William Scott £3 8s 3d

Centinels carried over £98 19s 10d
Total carried over £886 1s 7½d

The list continued with the centinels of the Second Company. Each of the following men received £3 8s 3d: Joseph Anderos, Peter Barker, Josiah Banks, Francis Berwick, John Brock, William Brooks, John Brown, John Chapman, William Cock, William Duffon, John Douglass, Robert Everage, Peter Finnall, John Fletcher, John Gould, John Hayes, Joseph Hayes, Isaac Helms, James English, Samuel Rilton, Charles Legent, James Long, Joseph Lovett, Thomas Mason, Richard Maytanks, Richard Moyes, William Page, and William Scott.

William Harrow, who had been transferred from the Fourth Company on 2 December, was paid £1 2s 5½d for that day’s service. John Norton, who had been transferred to the Fourth Company on the same date, received £2 6s 4½d for that day.

The subtotal for the centinels came to £98 19s 10d, bringing the total carried forward to £886 1s 7½d.

346

342

Brought over £886 1s 7½d

Centinels brought over £98 19s 10d

William Shelford £3 8s 3d
John Simmons £3 8s 3d
Joseph Simpson £3 8s 3d
Robert Stacey, for 4th and 13th November, the days he died £1 12s 11d
Thomas Theeton £3 8s 3d
Edward Strow £3 8s 3d
Thomas Taylor £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Thomas £3 8s 3d
Richard Swack £3 8s 3d
Edward Walker £3 8s 3d
William Swack £3 8s 3d
William Walthers £3 8s 3d
Joseph Willoughby £3 8s 3d

Total £141 11s 9d

Third Company
Thomas Easthope, Lieutenant: Salary £10, diet money £6 10s 6½d, house rent £2 10s.
Owen Beale, Ensign: Salary £7 10s, diet money £6 10s 6½d.
Total for officers £33 13s 9d.

Sergeants
William Kennedy £6 14s 6d
Matthias Brightwell £6 14s 6d
Henry Barber £6 14s 6d
Total £20 3s 6d.

Corporals
John Spencer £4 7s 9d
John Leech £4 7s 9d
William Beckett £4 7s 9d
Benjamin Swack, Drummer £4 7s 9d
Total £13 3s 3d.

Carried over £1099 1s 7½d

The list continued with the remaining centinels of the Second Company. After the amount of £98 19s 10d previously carried over, the following men each received £3 8s 3d: William Shelford, John Simmons, Joseph Simpson, Thomas Theeton, Edward Strow, Thomas Taylor, Benjamin Thomas, Richard Swack, Edward Walker, William Swack, William Walthers, and Joseph Willoughby.

Robert Stacey, who had died on 13 November, received £1 12s 11d for service on the 4th and 13th of that month.

The total for the Second Company came to £141 11s 9d.

Under the Third Company, Lieutenant Thomas Easthope received £10 in salary, £6 10s 6½d in diet money, and £2 10s for house rent. Ensign Owen Beale received £7 10s in salary and £6 10s 6½d in diet money. The total for the officers was £33 13s 9d.

Among the sergeants, William Kennedy, Matthias Brightwell, and Henry Barber each received £6 14s 6d, bringing their combined total to £20 3s 6d.

For the corporals, John Spencer, John Leech, and William Beckett each received £4 7s 9d, and Benjamin Swack, drummer, received the same amount, giving a total of £13 3s 3d.

The subtotal carried forward now stood at £1099 1s 7½d.

347

343

Brought over £1099 1s 7½d

Centinels
William Adams £3 8s 3d
Matthew Allis £3 8s 3d
Bevan Ambroise £3 8s 3d
Joseph Bastick £3 8s 3d
William Brunfield £3 8s 3d
William Brown £3 8s 3d
Dixon Croft £3 8s 3d
Baron Deloaf £3 8s 3d
John Earl £3 8s 3d
Thomas Fuller £3 8s 3d
Edward Grant £3 8s 3d
Jonas Hitchen £3 8s 3d
James Hinds £3 8s 3d
William Hurlock £3 8s 3d
Evan Jones £3 8s 3d
Thomas Kendrick £3 8s 3d
Richard Knight £3 8s 3d
John Langbridge £3 8s 3d
Thomas Lawrence £3 8s 3d
John M‘Koy £3 8s 3d
Abram Major £3 8s 3d
Charles Montague £3 8s 3d
Charles Newcomb £3 8s 3d
Valentine Noble £3 8s 3d
Thomas Oliver £3 8s 3d
Thomas Pain £3 8s 3d
George Peacock £3 8s 3d
William Pendry £3 8s 3d
James Pewterer £3 8s 3d
John Paskwater £3 8s 3d
Thomas Pledger £3 8s 3d
Francis Reed £3 8s 3d

Centinels carried over £109 1s
Total carried over £1099 1s 7½d

The list continued with the centinels of the Third Company. Each of the following men received £3 8s 3d: William Adams, Matthew Allis, Bevan Ambroise, Joseph Bastick, William Brunfield, William Brown, Dixon Croft, Baron Deloaf, John Earl, Thomas Fuller, Edward Grant, Jonas Hitchen, James Hinds, William Hurlock, Evan Jones, Thomas Kendrick, Richard Knight, John Langbridge, Thomas Lawrence, John M‘Koy, Abram Major, Charles Montague, Charles Newcomb, Valentine Noble, Thomas Oliver, Thomas Pain, George Peacock, William Pendry, James Pewterer, John Paskwater, Thomas Pledger, and Francis Reed.

The subtotal for these centinels came to £109 1s.

The running total carried forward remained £1099 1s 7½d.

348

344

Brought over £1099 1s 7½d

Centinels brought over £109 1s

William Robinson £3 8s 3d
David Scott £3 8s 3d
Robert Stack £3 8s 3d
Joseph Thompson £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Williams £3 8s 3d
John Wills £3 8s 3d
Joseph Woodman £3 8s 3d
Jeremiah Wymill £3 8s 3d

Total £130 10s

Fourth Company
Thomas Kirkpatrick, Lieutenant: Salary £10, diet money £6 10s 6½d, house rent £2 10s.
Total £19 6s 10½d.

Sergeants
William Oakman £6 14s 6d
William Moor £6 14s 6d
George Masters £6 14s 6d
Total £20 3s 6d.

Corporals
John McClew £4 7s 9d
George French £4 7s 9d
Thomas Draper £4 7s 9d
Gilbert Clew, Drummer £4 7s 9d
Total £13 3s 3d.

Centinels
James Allin £3 8s 3d
John Allis £3 8s 3d
Thomas Boarer £3 8s 3d
John Barden £3 8s 3d
Isaac Bennett £3 8s 3d
William Barnett £3 8s 3d

Centinels carried over £20 9s 6d
Total carried over £1292 16s

The list continued with the remaining centinels of the Third Company. After the previously carried-over sum of £109 1s, the following men each received £3 8s 3d: William Robinson, David Scott, Robert Stack, Joseph Thompson, Benjamin Williams, John Wills, Joseph Woodman, and Jeremiah Wymill.

This brought the total for the Third Company to £130 10s.

Under the Fourth Company, Lieutenant Thomas Kirkpatrick received £10 salary, £6 10s 6½d in diet money, and £2 10s for house rent, giving a total of £19 6s 10½d.

Among the sergeants, William Oakman, William Moor, and George Masters each received £6 14s 6d, making a combined total of £20 3s 6d.

The corporals John McClew, George French, and Thomas Draper each received £4 7s 9d, and Gilbert Clew, drummer, received the same, giving a total of £13 3s 3d.

The centinels listed were James Allin, John Allis, Thomas Boarer, John Barden, Isaac Bennett, and William Barnett, each receiving £3 8s 3d. Their subtotal came to £20 9s 6d.

The total carried forward at this point was £1292 16s.

349

345

Brought over £1292 16s

Centinels brought over £20 9s 6d

Philip Catchpole £3 8s 3d
Edward Cocker £3 8s 3d
Samuel Cales £3 8s 3d
Jonas Godby £3 8s 3d
Francis Goodbody £3 8s 3d
John Gilbert £3 8s 3d
James Green £3 8s 3d
James Halk £3 8s 3d
John Hayley £3 8s 3d
Job Harrison £3 8s 3d
James Heals £3 8s 3d
William Harrow, transferred to 2nd Company 1st December inclusive £2 6s 4½d
John Lloyd £3 8s 3d
Moses Menanto £3 8s 3d
Duncan McLaren £3 8s 3d
John Norton, from 1st December inclusive to the 17th, the day he died £1 8s 11½d
James Obran £3 8s 3d
James Peplow £3 8s 3d
Henry Pearson £3 8s 3d
Edward Ricketts £3 8s 3d
David Robinson £3 8s 3d
Thomas Reynolds £3 8s 3d
Arnold Sasery £3 8s 3d
Daniel Sargeant £3 8s 3d
John Smith £3 8s 3d
Charles Soaks £3 8s 3d
Timothy Sullivan £3 8s 3d
Thomas Short £3 8s 3d
William Taylor £3 8s 3d
Edward Tincey £3 8s 3d
Joseph Upton £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Williams £3 8s 3d
John Walker £3 8s 3d
Robert Wright £3 8s 3d

Total for Centinels £132 8s 10d
Carried over £1425 4s 10d

The list continued with the remaining centinels of the Fourth Company. After the previously carried-over amount of £20 9s 6d, the following men each received £3 8s 3d: Philip Catchpole, Edward Cocker, Samuel Cales, Jonas Godby, Francis Goodbody, John Gilbert, James Green, James Halk, John Hayley, Job Harrison, James Heals, John Lloyd, Moses Menanto, Duncan McLaren, James Obran, James Peplow, Henry Pearson, Edward Ricketts, David Robinson, Thomas Reynolds, Arnold Sasery, Daniel Sargeant, John Smith, Charles Soaks, Timothy Sullivan, Thomas Short, William Taylor, Edward Tincey, Joseph Upton, Benjamin Williams, John Walker, and Robert Wright.

William Harrow, who had been transferred to the Second Company on 1 December, received £2 6s 4½d for service up to that date, and John Norton, serving from 1 December until his death on the 17th, received £1 8s 11½d.

The total for the centinels amounted to £132 8s 10d, bringing the overall running total to £1425 4s 10d.

350

346

Brought over £1425 4s 10d

Artillery Company
John French, Master Gunner - Salary £13 8s 9d
Diet Money £6 10s 6½d
House Rent £2 10s
Total £22 15s 7½d

Gunners’ Mates
Isaac Leech £4 17s 6d
Nathan Sample £4 17s 6d
Roger Newman £4 17s 6d
James Pritchard £4 17s 6d
Aly Leech £4 17s 6d
William Turner £4 17s 6d
John Butler £4 17s 6d
John Whitchurch £4 17s 6d
Total £39

Quarter Gunners
John Nottage £4 17s 9d
John Athingstall £4 17s 9d
Edward Arnold £4 17s 9d
John Watkins £4 17s 9d
Adam Milbourn £4 17s 9d
Henry Carter £4 17s 9d
Joseph Thomas £4 17s 9d
William Wiltman £4 17s 9d
Total £35 2s

Matrosses
Joseph Boswell £4 1s 3d
Peter Bath £4 1s 3d
Andrew Barton £4 1s 3d
John Bradley £4 1s 3d
Richard Billington £4 1s 3d

Matrosses carried over £20 6s 3d
Total carried over £1522 2s 5½d

The account continued with the Artillery Company. John French, master gunner, received a salary of £13 8s 9d, diet money of £6 10s 6½d, and £2 10s for house rent, giving a total of £22 15s 7½d.

The gunners’ mates were Isaac Leech, Nathan Sample, Roger Newman, James Pritchard, Aly Leech, William Turner, John Butler, and John Whitchurch, each receiving £4 17s 6d. Their combined total amounted to £39.

The quarter gunners, John Nottage, John Athingstall, Edward Arnold, John Watkins, Adam Milbourn, Henry Carter, Joseph Thomas, and William Wiltman, each received £4 17s 9d, making a total of £35 2s.

Among the matrosses [artillerymen who assisted gunners], Joseph Boswell, Peter Bath, Andrew Barton, John Bradley, and Richard Billington each received £4 1s 3d, bringing the subtotal for the matrosses to £20 6s 3d.

The total carried forward now stood at £1522 2s 5½d.

351

347

Brought over £1522 2s 5½d

Matrosses brought over £20 6s 3d

Samuel Clark £4 1s 3d
Edward Cullimore £4 1s 3d
John Cadery £4 1s 3d
Derby Coils £4 1s 3d
William Campbell £4 1s 3d
Anthony Day £4 1s 3d
Philip Hilliard £4 1s 3d
Abraham Ratcliff £4 1s 3d
John Smith senior £4 1s 3d
John Smith junior £4 1s 3d
John Peters £4 1s 3d
Robert Vickars £4 1s 3d
Adam Watson £4 1s 3d

Total £73 2s 6d

Superannuated
Richard Tinsley, Overseer £3 8s 3d
Joseph Whaley, Sergeant £3 8s 3d
William Burnham £3 8s 3d
Francis Funge, Armourer £6 7½d

Total £16 5s 4½d

Grand total £1611 10s 4d

The list continued with the remaining matrosses. Following the previously carried-over sum of £20 6s 3d, the following men each received £4 1s 3d: Samuel Clark, Edward Cullimore, John Cadery, Derby Coils, William Campbell, Anthony Day, Philip Hilliard, Abraham Ratcliff, John Smith senior, John Smith junior, John Peters, Robert Vickars, and Adam Watson. The total for the matrosses came to £73 2s 6d.

Under the heading of superannuated personnel, Richard Tinsley, overseer, received £3 8s 3d; Joseph Whaley, sergeant, received £3 8s 3d; William Burnham received £3 8s 3d; and Francis Funge, armourer, received £6 7½d. Together these payments amounted to £16 5s 4½d.

The grand total for the quarter was £1611 10s 4d.

352

348

Dr John Clark, Paymaster

1749 December 31
To cash received from the Honble Company’s Cash Chest £1672 16s 1d

Island of St Helena
December the 31st 1749

Dr John Clark, serving as Paymaster, recorded on 31 December 1749 that he had received from the Honourable Company’s cash chest the sum of £1672 16s 1d. This entry was made at St Helena on that date.

353

349

1749
Dec 5 By cash paid Samuel Falconer, surgeon, for his trouble in getting fresh provisions for the hospital for the year ending 30 September 1749 £8
15 By ditto paid Moses Menanto for enlisting to serve the Honourable Company as a soldier for five years to commence from this day £5 5s
25 By ditto paid Duncan McLaren for ditto £3 5s
27 By ditto paid Robert Stack for ditto £5 5s
31 By ditto paid John Hayley for ditto £5 5s
By ditto paid Thomas Hails for ditto £5 5s
By ditto paid William Oakman for carpenter’s work done for the Honourable Company this quarter £12 10s
By ditto paid Muck Frost for cleaning, repairing and setting up a dial £9
By ditto paid S. J. for setting up a clock £11
By ditto paid Samuel Cates for mending windows at one of the Company’s houses and attending light in the Castle this quarter £1 1s
By ditto paid Joseph Willoughby and William Hurlock for baking one hundred and fifty-six batches of bread for the garrison and for patch this quarter £6 10s
By ditto paid sundry persons for rowing in the pinnace this quarter £3 11s
By ditto paid sundry persons for company express with accounts of ships to windward this quarter £3 15s
By ditto paid Richard Bragley for one bushel of potatoes at 5s and for fifteen hundred lemons at 1½d per hand for the use of the Honourable Company’s table this quarter £1 15s
By ditto paid Anthony Day for nineteen days mowing and haymaking at 1s 3d per day this quarter £1 3s 9d
By ditto paid Richard Brake for four loads of lathes at 3s per load for repairing the Honourable Company’s country house £12s
By ditto paid the Honourable Company’s officers, servants, their salary, diet money etc. for the quarter commencing October the 1st 1749 and ending December the 31st 1749 £1601 10s 1d

Total £1672 16s 1d

Errors excepted
John Clark, Paymaster

Counted - I examined the Honourable Company’s cash for the month of December last, which is as follows:

In the Paymaster’s account for December 1749, Dr John Clark recorded a detailed list of payments made from the Honourable Company’s cash chest.

On 5 December, he paid £8 to Samuel Falconer, the surgeon, as compensation for his work in obtaining fresh provisions for the hospital during the year ending 30 September 1749. On 15 December, £5 5s was paid to Moses Menanto upon his enlistment to serve as a soldier for five years beginning that day. On 25 December, £3 5s was paid to Duncan McLaren for the same purpose; on 27 December, £5 5s to Robert Stack; and on 31 December, £5 5s each to John Hayley and Thomas Hails for their enlistments.

Also on 31 December, £12 10s was paid to William Oakman for carpentry work performed for the Honourable Company during the quarter. Michael Frost received £9 for cleaning, repairing, and setting up a sundial, and £11 was paid to a person identified as S. J. for setting up a clock. Samuel Cates received £1 1s for repairing windows at one of the Company’s houses and for tending the lights in the Castle during the quarter.

Joseph Willoughby and William Hurlock were paid £6 10s for baking 156 batches of bread for the garrison and the patch [bread ration] during the quarter. Payments totalling £3 11s were made to several men for rowing the pinnace, and £3 15s to various persons for carrying Company express messages with reports of ships sighted to windward.

Richard Bragley received £1 15s for one bushel of potatoes priced at 5 shillings and for 1500 lemons charged at 1½ pence each, supplied for the Company’s table. Anthony Day received £1 3s 9d for nineteen days of mowing and haymaking at 1 shilling 3 pence per day. Richard Brake received 12 shillings for four loads of lathes at 3 shillings per load, used to repair the Company’s country house.

The total of £1601 10s 1d was then paid to the Honourable Company’s officers and servants for their salaries, diet money, and other allowances for the quarter running from 1 October to 31 December 1749.

The total amount disbursed was £1672 16s 1d, balancing the sum received. The account was signed by John Clark, Paymaster, with the note “Errors excepted.”

The cash was then counted and examined for the month of December, as recorded below.

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1749 December

1 To balance remaining £3160 17s 1½d
31 To Matthew Purling received of him for store goods sold in the months of October, November and December £1078 2s 8½d
To licences received for ten public houses £15
To plantation received for 9 lb of butter and 1½ goats sold this quarter £4 15s 10d

Total £4238 15s 8d

For December 1749, the Honourable Company’s cash account began with a balance of £3160 17s 1½d.

During the month, £1078 2s 8½d was received from Matthew Purling for store goods sold during October, November, and December. A further £15 was received in licence fees for ten public houses. From the plantation, £4 15s 10d was received for the sale of nine pounds of butter and one and a half goats during the quarter.

These amounts brought the total cash in hand to £4238 15s 8d.

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1749 December 31

By sundry accounts advanced to the Paymaster this quarter £1672 16s 1d

By balance remaining in the following species, vizt:
1 of gold Wt. 15. 1. 3 £46 15s 2d
4 of ditto 3. 9. 12 £13 11s 2d
70 Venetians at 10s £35
12 Rupees at 30s £18
2000 Pagodas at 8s £800
Gold amounting to £912 12s 9d

2400 Dollars at 5s £600
3560 Double Rials at 6¾d £222 10s
1516 Rials at 1½d £17 6s
12947 half Rials at ¾d £202 5s 11½d
517 Rupees at 2s 3d £58 3s 3d
441 French pieces at 1s 2d £3 13s 6d
Odd money £1 17s 1¾d
Silver amounting to £1104 1s 10d

146 Cash Notes at 40s £292
162 ditto at 20s £162
261 ditto at 5s £65 5s
160 ditto at 2s 6d £20
Cash Notes amounting to £539 5s

Total £2585 19s 7d

Grand total £4238 15s 8d

Signed:
Cha. Hutchenson
David Hunter
John Clark

On 31 December 1749, the Honourable Company’s cash account showed that £1672 16s 1d had been advanced during the quarter to the Paymaster.

The balance remaining was held in several forms of currency. The gold consisted of one piece weighing 15.1.3 valued at £46 15s 2d, and four pieces valued at £3 9s 12d amounting to £13 11s 2d; seventy Venetian coins at 10 shillings each, totalling £35; twelve rupees at 30 shillings, totalling £18; and 2000 pagodas at 8 shillings each, amounting to £800. The total in gold was £912 12s 9d.

The silver comprised 2400 dollars at 5 shillings each, amounting to £600; 3560 double rials at 6¾ pence each, £222 10s; 1516 rials at 1½ pence each, £17 6s; 12947 half rials at ¾ pence each, £202 5s 11½d; 517 rupees at 2 shillings 3 pence each, £58 3s 3d; 441 French pieces at 1 shilling 2 pence each, £3 13s 6d; and a small quantity of odd coinage worth £1 17s 1¾d. The total in silver was £1104 1s 10d.

In cash notes, there were 146 notes at 40 shillings each, totalling £292; 162 notes at 20 shillings each, totalling £162; 261 notes at 5 shillings each, totalling £65 5s; and 160 notes at 2 shillings 6 pence each, totalling £20. The total in cash notes was £539 5s.

Together these made a total balance of £2585 19s 7d, and when combined with the amount advanced to the Paymaster, the grand total equalled £4238 15s 8d.

The account was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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At a consultation held on Monday the 22nd day of January 1749 at the Plantation House.

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq., Governor
Captain David Hunter, Lt. Governor
Lieutenant John Clark, of Council

The last consultation was read, approved, and signed.

Friday the 19th - Passed by a ship under Dutch colours which saluted the fort with fifteen guns.
Sunday the 21st - Arrived the Royall George, Captain Thomas Field, from Fort St David.

The accountant brought in his journal and parcels for the quarter ending the 31st December last, which were examined, approved, and ordered to be entered.

Signed
Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

A consultation was held at Plantation House on Monday 22 January 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

The Council recorded that on Friday 19 January a ship under Dutch colours had passed the island and saluted the fort with fifteen guns. On Sunday 21 January, the Royall George, commanded by Captain Thomas Field, had arrived from Fort St David.

The accountant then presented his journal and parcel records for the quarter ending 31 December, which were examined, approved, and directed to be entered into the books.

The entry was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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At a consultation held on Monday the 29th day of January 1749 at the Castle.

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq., Governor
Captain David Hunter, Lt. Governor
Lieutenant John Clark, of Council

The last consultation was read, approved, and signed.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had been on board the ship Royal George to muster her company and search for deserters, but had found none. The muster roll was as follows:

Muster Roll of Ship Royal George

Tho. Field Commander
Mr Distauw 1st Mate
Mr Nowell 2nd Do
Mr Coates 3rd Do
Mr Bull 4th Do
Mr Mafsey 5th Do
Mr Bromfield 6th Do
Mr Redman Purser
Mr Manby Surgeon
Mr Richardson Surgeon’s Mate
Mr Simpson Boatswain
Mr Johnson Gunner
Mr Bowman Carpenter
Henry Braddock Ship’s Steward
Tho. Skelton Cooper
Jos. Bundy Captain’s Clerk
Sam. John Green Midshipman
John Gryfenhoof Do
Sam. Gibson Do
Rich. Knight Do
George Bolton Do
Roger Williams Do
John Moor Do
W. Swinhoe Captain’s Steward
Peter Lord Captain’s Servant
George Moricey Sailmaker
John Morrigan Do
George Hooper Do
Sam. White Caulker
Wm. Pearse Caulker’s Mate
Tho. Turner
Robt. Phelps Carpenter’s Mate
Willm. Lawsing
Tho. Scott Gun Maker
Wm. Baker
Robt. Phillips Blacksmith’s Mate
Rich. Richardson Coxswain’s Mate
Sam. Spencer Sailmaker
Jn. Adams Ship’s Cook
Geo. Lancaster Captain’s Dog
Sam. Johnson Butcher
John Bowden Captain’s Taylor
Willington Williams Seaman
Dr. Bauberg Do
Robt. Scott Do
John Oxford Do
John Bird Do
Tho. Beardon Do
William George

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 29 January 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had boarded the Royal George to conduct a muster of her crew and to search for any deserters, but had found none. The muster roll of the Royal George, commanded by Captain Thomas Field, was then recorded as follows:

Mr Distauw, first mate; Mr Nowell, second mate; Mr Coates, third mate; Mr Bull, fourth mate; Mr Mafsey, fifth mate; Mr Bromfield, sixth mate; Mr Redman, purser; Mr Manby, surgeon; Mr Richardson, surgeon’s mate; Mr Simpson, boatswain; Mr Johnson, gunner; and Mr Bowman, carpenter.

Henry Braddock served as the ship’s steward; Thomas Skelton, cooper; Joseph Bundy, captain’s clerk; Samuel John Green, John Gryfenhoof, Samuel Gibson, Richard Knight, George Bolton, Roger Williams, and John Moor, midshipmen; William Swinhoe, captain’s steward; and Peter Lord, captain’s servant.

George Moricey, John Morrigan, and George Hooper were sailmakers; Samuel White, caulker; William Pearse, caulker’s mate; Thomas Turner; Robert Phelps, carpenter’s mate; William Lawsing; Thomas Scott, gun maker; William Baker; Robert Phillips, blacksmith’s mate; Richard Richardson, coxswain’s mate; and Samuel Spencer, sailmaker.

John Adams served as the ship’s cook; George Lancaster was listed as “captain’s dog”; Samuel Johnson, butcher; and John Bowden, captain’s tailor. The seamen recorded were Willington Williams, Dr Bauberg, Robert Scott, John Oxford, John Bird, Thomas Beardon, and William George.

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George Huntley Seaman
Paul Mc. David Do.
John Slater Do.
John Young Do.
Jos. Antonio Do.
Jos. Boot Do.
Joackam Rees Do.
Joackam Malt Do.
Jos. Rave Do.
Mich. Mc. Farmer Do.
Mech. Cooms Do.
Andw Nelson Do.
George Harrow Do.
John Dowell Do.
Rich. Bowe Do.
Chas. Wilson Do.
William Whitford Do.
Andw Campbell Do.
John Bradley Seaman
Jas. Leager Do.
Wm. Sanford Do.
Joseph Stokes Do.
Saml. Sutton Do.
Jn. Phillips Do.
John Robinson Do.
John Dayly Do.
Wm. Lawson Do.
John Gasford Do.
Jn. Thompson Do.
Tho. Caesar Do.
Wm. Clark Armourer
Jn. Peter Seaman Do.
Tho. Corner Do.
Jn. Simpkach Do.
Andw Frazier Do.
John Clifford Do.
Simon Johnson Seaman
Jn. Garret Butcher Do.
Jas. Monger Do.
John Kitchen Do.
Matt Russell Do.
Jos. Rayner Cheif Mate Seaman
Saml. Butler 2nd Do. Do.
Jn. Thomas Gunner’s Mate Do.
Jos. Ross Boat’s Servant Do.
Jn. Cope Capt’s Servant Do.
Simon Towson Do.
Geo. Bennet Capt’s Servant Do.
Wm. Smith Popenger Do.
Mr. Worrall Do.
Mr. Charles Carter Do.
Mr. Alexander Campbell Do.
Mr. Edw. Puthard Do.
Mr. John Mayes Do.

William Willman and William Scott Soldiers
Petitioned for their Discharge, having Served the Honourable
Company their Contracted Time.

Granted

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The muster roll of the Royal George continued with the following crew members: George Huntley, Paul McDavid, John Slater, John Young, Joseph Antonio, Joseph Boot, Joackam Rees, Joackam Malt, Joseph Rave, Michael McFarmer, Mech Cooms, Andrew Nelson, George Harrow, John Dowell, Richard Bowe, Charles Wilson, William Whitford, Andrew Campbell, John Bradley, James Leager, William Sanford, Joseph Stokes, Samuel Sutton, John Phillips, John Robinson, John Dayly, William Lawson, John Gasford, John Thompson, and Thomas Caesar, all listed as seamen.

William Clark was recorded as armourer. The following were also listed as seamen: John Peter, Thomas Corner, John Simpkach, Andrew Frazier, John Clifford, Simon Johnson, John Garret, James Monger, John Kitchen, and Matthew Russell. Joseph Rayner was entered as chief mate seaman; Samuel Butler as second mate seaman; John Thomas as gunner’s mate seaman; Joseph Ross as boat’s servant seaman; and John Cope, Simon Towson, George Bennet, William Smith, Mr Worrall, Mr Charles Carter, Mr Alexander Campbell, Mr Edward Puthard, and Mr John Mayes as captain’s servants.

At the same consultation, William Willman and William Scott, both soldiers, petitioned for their discharge on the grounds that they had completed the full period of service contracted with the Honourable Company. Their request was granted.

The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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At a Consultation held on Fryday the 3d day of February 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governour Capt. David Hunter Lt. Governour Lieut. John Clark of Councill

The last Consultation was read approved and signed This day arrived the Downington Capt. Rich. Crabb from Mocha Do. Arrived his Majesty’s Ship Sheernefs from the Cape which brought the following Letter to the Governour from Admiral Boscawen

On his Majesty’s Service

To Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governour of S. Helena
Cape of Good Hope the 16th Jany. 1749

Sir
This will be delivered you by Capt. Pallisser of his Majesty’s Ship Sheernefs, who I have dispatched to acquaint you of my being at the Cape of Good Hope with the Squadron under my Command, And of my intending to leave it in about a Week, And to touch at St. Helena in my way for England, that if you have any Letters or Pacquets to send to the Company You may timely prepare them as I purposed not to stay above two Days at your place.
Should Capt. Pallisser want fresh Meat for his Ship’s Company I beg you’l Order it to be supplied, and the Purser’s Receipt to be taken for the Quantity, & the Agent Victualler shall account for it on my Arrival, I am

Sir
your most Obedt. Servant
E. Boscawen

On my coming near the Island, I will make the proper Signal & beg you will immediately Order a sufficient Quantity of Cattle down to the Valley to supply the Squadron with two days fresh provisions being about 11000 pounds.

A consultation was held at the Castle on Friday 3 February 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

On that day, the Downington, commanded by Captain Richard Crabb, arrived from Mocha, and His Majesty’s ship Sheerness also reached the island from the Cape of Good Hope, bringing a letter from Admiral Edward Boscawen addressed to the Governor.

The letter, written on 16 January 1749 from the Cape of Good Hope, stated that Captain Pallisser of His Majesty’s ship Sheerness would deliver it. Admiral Boscawen informed the Governor that he was then at the Cape with the squadron under his command and expected to leave within a week. He intended to call at St Helena on his way to England and wished the Governor to prepare any letters or packets for the Honourable Company, as his stay at the island would not exceed two days.

He requested that, should Captain Pallisser require fresh meat for his crew, it be supplied on presentation of the purser’s receipt, for which the agent victualler would account upon the squadron’s arrival in England. The Admiral added that, upon approaching the island, he would make the appropriate signal, and asked that a sufficient number of cattle be sent down to the valley to provide about eleven thousand pounds of fresh meat to supply the squadron for two days.

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Upon which we Ordered an Advertisement to be Published requiring the planters to attend at the Castle on Monday next in Order to know from them what Beef they could Supply that we might be able to judge whether we could comply with the Admirals request or not.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a consultation held on Monday the 5th day of Feby. 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governour Capt. David Hunter Lt. Governour Lieut. John Clark of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Lieutenant John Clark reports that he has been on Board the Ship Durrington to Muster her Company and Enquire for Deserters but found none, the Muster Roll is as follows Vizt.

Following receipt of Admiral Boscawen’s letter, the Council directed that a public notice be issued requiring all planters to attend at the Castle on the following Monday. The purpose was to determine what quantity of beef each could supply, so that the Council might assess whether it would be possible to meet the Admiral’s request for fresh provisions. The order was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

A consultation was then held at the Castle on Monday 5 February 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had gone aboard the Durrington to conduct a muster of her crew and to search for any deserters, but had found none. The muster roll was then entered as follows.

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Muster Roll of Ship Durrington

Richard Crabb Commander
John Harvey 1st Mate
George Barnes 2 Do.
Henry Mc. Ardell 3 Do.
Thomas Read 4 Do.
John Cooper 5 Do.
Wm. Laffee Purser
Wm. Watherson Surgeon
Alexander Mc. Cloud Boatswn.
Alexander Bruce Gunner
John Paine Carpenter
Wm. Bagleston Midshipman
Wm. Soff Do.
John Fletcher Do.
Robt. Southerland Do.
Wm. Brand Do.
Isaac Semck Do.
John Alexander Do.
Tho. Jenkins Coxswain
John Clark Quartermastr.
Peter Hudson Do.
John Miller Do.
Bartholomew Robertson Sailmkr.
Wm. Heel Joyner
Wm. Lester Armourer
Christ. Smith Cooper
John Brown Boat 1st Mate
Wm. Collings Do. 2nd Do.
Thos. Pigot Gunr. Mate
Sgt. Guelgson Caulker
Thos. Waks Carpenters Mate
Nathan Willard Caulks Mate
John Lockwood Capt. Mate
Robt. Sleck Capt. Steward
Edwd. Gillick Capt. Cook
Sam. Lucas Ships Do.
John Cowell Barber
John Taylor Taylor
Henry Peper Butcher
Jas. Turner Cooks Mate
John Pewash Seaman
John Mc. Kenzie Do.
Edwd. Elshone Do.
John Cotten Do.
Antony Lucas Do.
Tho. Christian Do.
Comins Bolton Do.
Rich. Clarke Do.
John Guer Do.
Minion Goodlet Do.
Wm. Sprat Do.
Jas. Scars Do.
Francis Crofts Do.
Mich. Madge Do.
John Halden Do.
Chas. Miers Do.
Geo. Brown Do.
Peter Came Do.
Jas. Mc. Cloud Do.
Alex. Sumbery Do.
Mich. Fowler Do.
Robt. Nelson Do.
Jonas Pearce Do.
Jas. Surber Do.
Rich. Brumley Seaman
Moses Jenings Do.
Geo. Brown Landman
George Stephen Do.
Jas. Lindsall Do.
Tho. Inman Do.
Tho. Bullocks Do.
John Miles Do.
Wm. Monleth Do.
James Givray Do.
Robt. Mivson Do.
Jas. Brennan Do.
George Palmer Do.
Jas. Mc. Cauley Do.
Simon Bishop Do.
John Wytch Do.
Mech. Rae Do.
Ebert Lanthorne Capt. Servt.
Robt. Julb 1st Mates Servt.
George Young Landman
Geo. Barnes 2nd Mates Servt.
Antonio Tornado Landman
John Waters Seaman
Geo. Richardson Do.
John Lawrence Landman
Nichs. Frederick Do.
John Smart Do.
Jas. Nickles 1st Mates Servt.
Mr. John Russelt Surgeon’s Mate
Mr. Wm. Mc. Kenzie 3rd Do.
Jas. Paice Mr. Caulker’s Servt.
Michs. Sanchez Master’s Servt.
Cato a Black Boys [sic] belonging to Cook.

The muster roll of the Durrington, commanded by Captain Richard Crabb, was presented as follows.

John Harvey served as first mate, George Barnes as second mate, Henry McArdell as third mate, Thomas Read as fourth mate, and John Cooper as fifth mate. William Laffee was purser, William Watherson surgeon, Alexander McCloud boatswain, Alexander Bruce gunner, and John Paine carpenter.

The midshipmen were William Bagleston, William Soff, John Fletcher, Robert Sutherland, William Brand, Isaac Semck, John Alexander, and Thomas Jenkins, who also served as coxswain. The quartermasters were John Clark, Peter Hudson, and John Miller. Bartholomew Robertson was sailmaker; William Heel, joiner; William Lester, armourer; and Christopher Smith, cooper.

John Brown acted as first mate of the boat, William Collings as second mate, Thomas Pigot as gunner’s mate, Sergeant Guelgson as caulker, Thomas Waks as carpenter’s mate, and Nathan Willard as caulker’s mate. John Lockwood was captain’s mate, Robert Sleck captain’s steward, Edward Gillick captain’s cook, Samuel Lucas ship’s cook, John Cowell barber, John Taylor tailor, Henry Peper butcher, and James Turner cook’s mate.

The seamen were John Pewash, John McKenzie, Edward Elshone, John Cotten, Antony Lucas, Thomas Christian, Comins Bolton, Richard Clarke, John Guer, Minion Goodlet, William Sprat, James Scars, Francis Crofts, Michael Madge, John Halden, Charles Miers, George Brown, Peter Came, James McCloud, Alexander Sumbery, Michael Fowler, Robert Nelson, Jonas Pearce, James Surber, Richard Brumley, and Moses Jenings.

Among the landmen [untrained sailors or deckhands] were George Brown, George Stephen, James Lindsall, Thomas Inman, Thomas Bullocks, John Miles, William Monleth, James Givray, Robert Mivson, James Brennan, George Palmer, James McCauley, Simon Bishop, John Wytch, Mech Rae, Ebert Lanthorne (captain’s servant), Robert Julb (first mate’s servant), George Young, George Barnes (second mate’s servant), Antonio Tornado, John Lawrence, Nicholas Frederick, John Smart, and George Richardson.

James Nickles served as first mate’s servant, Mr John Russelt as surgeon’s mate, Mr William McKenzie as third mate’s surgeon, James Paice as caulker’s servant, and Michael Sanchez as master’s servant. A boy named Cato, described in the record as “a black boy belonging to the cook”, was also listed among the crew.

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French Passengers
Mr Jer Kerbell Officer
Jir Duplessis Seaman
John Denis Do.
Constantine Roger Do.
Jos Martin Do.
Willm Luence Do.

Jack Peter Seaman
Jos Lejeure Do.
Julian Laberton Do.
John Parsons Do.
Pierre Guggan Do.

Dutch Men came on Board at the Cape

John Johnson Seaman
Cornelius Johnson Do.
John Yorbeck Do.
Tho Robinson Do.
Peter Farman Do.
Hendrick Jemmin Do.
Gabriel Peters Do.

James Renard & Joseph Thomas Soldiers Petitioned for their Discharge from the Garrison having Served the Honble Company their Contracted time

Granted

According to the Order of last Consultation the Planters this day Attending, they were desired to give in forthwith a Signed return of the Number, and as near as they could guess of the Weight of the Cattle they had fit for Slaughter this Season

Whereupon we received the following return Vizt.

List of Cattle we intend for Slaughter in ye Year 1750

John Doveton 3 cattle - 230 lbs weight - total weight 1290 lbs
Do. 1 Bull - 1 cattle - 600 lbs weight - total weight 600 lbs
Martin Harper 5 cattle - 230 lbs weight - total weight 1150 lbs
John Despoustain 5 cattle - 200 lbs weight - total weight 1000 lbs
Joshua Wornall 2 cattle - 300 lbs weight - total weight 1100 lbs
John Alexander 6 cattle - 250 lbs weight - total weight 1500 lbs
John Bagley 1 Bull - 1 cattle - 230 lbs weight - total weight 230 lbs
Richard Gurling 3 cattle - 200 lbs weight - total weight 900 lbs
Do. 1 Bull - 1 cattle - 300 lbs weight - total weight 300 lbs

Carried over 28 cattle - total weight 7170 lbs

The muster roll of the Durrington concluded with a list of French passengers and several Dutch seamen who had joined the vessel at the Cape.

The French passengers were recorded as follows: Mr Jer Kerbell, officer; Jir Duplessis, John Denis, Constantine Roger, Joseph Martin, William Luence, Jack Peter, Joseph Lejeure, Julian Laberton, John Parsons, and Pierre Guggan, all seamen.

The Dutchmen who came aboard at the Cape were John Johnson, Cornelius Johnson, John Yorbeck, Thomas Robinson, Peter Farman, Hendrick Jemmin, and Gabriel Peters, all listed as seamen.

At the same consultation, James Renard and Joseph Thomas, soldiers, petitioned for their discharge from the garrison, stating that they had completed the full period of service contracted with the Honourable Company. Their discharge was granted.

In accordance with the order made at the previous consultation, the planters attended at the Castle to report what cattle they could supply for slaughter. They were instructed to provide a signed return indicating the number of cattle and, as accurately as they could estimate, the total weight of those animals fit for slaughter during the season.

The following return was then received for the year 1750: John Doveton reported three cattle at 230 pounds each, totalling 1290 pounds, and one bull at 600 pounds. Martin Harper reported five cattle at 230 pounds each, totalling 1150 pounds. John Despoustain listed five cattle at 200 pounds each, totalling 1000 pounds. Joshua Wornall gave two cattle at 300 pounds each, totalling 1100 pounds. John Alexander listed six cattle at 250 pounds each, totalling 1500 pounds. John Bagley reported one bull weighing 230 pounds. Richard Gurling listed three cattle at 200 pounds each, totalling 900 pounds, and one bull at 300 pounds.

The subtotal carried forward was twenty-eight cattle, with a combined weight of 7170 pounds.

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Brought over 28 cattle - total weight 7170 lbs

Benjamin Mason 2 cattle - 250 lbs weight - total weight 500 lbs
Richard Mason 1 cattle - 230 lbs weight - total weight 230 lbs
Onesiphorus Gurling 2 cattle - 220 lbs weight - total weight 440 lbs
Thomas Greenlees 3 cattle - 300 lbs weight - total weight 1400 lbs
Do. 1 Bull - 1 cattle - 500 lbs weight - total weight 500 lbs
Richard Goodwin’s Orphans 4 cattle - 300 lbs weight - total weight 1800 lbs
Do. 1 Bull - 1 cattle - 600 lbs weight - total weight 600 lbs
James Ryder’s Orphans 3 cattle - 300 lbs weight - total weight 900 lbs
Richard Bagley 6 cattle - 200 lbs weight - total weight 1200 lbs
Samuel Doveton’s Orphans 16 cattle - 270 lbs weight - total weight 4320 lbs
Gabriel Harper’s Orphans 6 cattle - 280 lbs weight - total weight 2080 lbs
Do. 1 Bull - 1 cattle - 400 lbs weight - total weight 400 lbs
Thomas Colgrave 1 cattle - 300 lbs weight - total weight 300 lbs
Richard Ainsley 4 cattle - 280 lbs weight - total weight 1120 lbs
Francis Wrangham Senr 7 cattle - 250 lbs weight - total weight 1750 lbs
Charles Steward’s Orphans 3 cattle - 250 lbs weight - total weight 750 lbs
John Bazett’s Orphans 8 cattle - 200 lbs weight - total weight 1600 lbs
Sarah Goodwin 4 cattle - 200 lbs weight - total weight 800 lbs
Matthew Purling 3 cattle - 250 lbs weight - total weight 1250 lbs
Samuel Alexander 3 cattle - 250 lbs weight - total weight 750 lbs
John Alexander’s Orphans 1 cattle - 250 lbs weight - total weight 250 lbs
Orlando Bagley Senr 2 cattle - 200 lbs weight - total weight 400 lbs
Thomas Bazett’s Orphans 1 cattle - 200 lbs weight - total weight 200 lbs
Grace Bates 1 cattle - 250 lbs weight - total weight 250 lbs
Joseph Despoustain’s Orphans 3 cattle - 200 lbs weight - total weight 600 lbs
Thomas Easthope 2 cattle - 150 lbs weight - total weight 300 lbs
Thomas Hayes’ Orphans 1 cattle - 200 lbs weight - total weight 200 lbs
Samuel Unape 2 cattle - 175 lbs weight - total weight 350 lbs
John Swale 4 cattle - 200 lbs weight - total weight 800 lbs
John Bland 1 cattle - 300 lbs weight - total weight 300 lbs
John Seale’s Orphans 1 cattle - 250 lbs weight - total weight 250 lbs
Richard Beale 2 cattle - 250 lbs weight - total weight 500 lbs

Carried over 130 cattle - total weight 32760 lbs

The list of cattle continued, bringing forward the earlier total of twenty-eight cattle weighing 7170 pounds.

Benjamin Mason reported two cattle at 250 pounds each, totalling 500 pounds. Richard Mason listed one animal weighing 230 pounds. Onesiphorus Gurling reported two cattle at 220 pounds each, giving a total of 440 pounds. Thomas Greenlees listed three cattle at 300 pounds each, amounting to 1400 pounds, and one bull weighing 500 pounds.

The orphans of Richard Goodwin reported four cattle at 300 pounds each, totalling 1800 pounds, and one bull weighing 600 pounds. The orphans of James Ryder listed three cattle at 300 pounds each, totalling 900 pounds. Richard Bagley reported six cattle at 200 pounds each, giving a total of 1200 pounds. The orphans of Samuel Doveton listed sixteen cattle at 270 pounds each, totalling 4320 pounds, while the orphans of Gabriel Harper reported six cattle at 280 pounds each, totalling 2080 pounds, and one bull weighing 400 pounds.

Thomas Colgrave reported one animal weighing 300 pounds, and Richard Ainsley listed four cattle at 280 pounds each, amounting to 1120 pounds. Francis Wrangham senior reported seven cattle at 250 pounds each, giving a total of 1750 pounds. The orphans of Charles Steward listed three cattle at 250 pounds each, totalling 750 pounds. The orphans of John Bazett reported eight cattle at 200 pounds each, giving 1600 pounds. Sarah Goodwin listed four cattle at 200 pounds each, amounting to 800 pounds.

Matthew Purling reported three cattle at 250 pounds each, totalling 1250 pounds. Samuel Alexander listed three cattle at 250 pounds each, amounting to 750 pounds. The orphans of John Alexander reported one animal weighing 250 pounds. Orlando Bagley senior listed two cattle at 200 pounds each, totalling 400 pounds. The orphans of Thomas Bazett reported one animal at 200 pounds, while Grace Bates reported one at 250 pounds.

The orphans of Joseph Despoustain listed three cattle at 200 pounds each, totalling 600 pounds. Thomas Easthope reported two at 150 pounds each, giving 300 pounds. The orphans of Thomas Hayes reported one at 200 pounds, Samuel Unape listed two at 175 pounds each, amounting to 350 pounds, John Swale reported four at 200 pounds each, totalling 800 pounds, and John Bland one animal weighing 300 pounds. The orphans of John Seale listed one at 250 pounds, and Richard Beale reported two cattle at 250 pounds each, totalling 500 pounds.

The subtotal carried forward was now one hundred and thirty cattle with a combined total weight of 32,760 pounds.

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Brought over 130 cattle - total weight 32760 lbs

To be deducted for the Company’s officers’ servants, 250 lbs weight of beef each week, which for 52 weeks amounts to 13000 lbs.
Remains 19760 lbs, divided among 27 ships’ supply, only 730 lbs each.

Upon which we agreed to represent to Admiral Boscawen the impossibility it would be for us to comply with his demand without distressing the Company’s servants on the island and their returning ships.

The late Lieutenant Ashwick applied to us for liberty to leave the island and proceed to England on His Majesty’s ship Sheerness.

Granted.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The list of cattle, carried forward at 130 animals weighing a total of 32,760 pounds, was then reviewed to determine how much could be made available for the fleet.

It was noted that the Honourable Company’s officers’ servants required a regular weekly allowance of 250 pounds of beef, which over the course of 52 weeks amounted to 13,000 pounds. After deducting this quantity, there remained only 19,760 pounds of beef available for external supply. When divided among the twenty-seven ships expected to call at the island, this left just 730 pounds for each vessel.

The Council therefore resolved to inform Admiral Boscawen that it would be impossible to meet his request without depriving the Company’s servants on the island and the returning ships of their necessary provisions.

At the same meeting, the late Lieutenant Ashwick sought permission to depart from the island and return to England aboard His Majesty’s ship Sheerness. His request was granted.

The entry was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

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At a Consultation held on Monday the 12 day of February 1749 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour
Capt David Hunter Lt Governour
Lieutenant John Clarke of Councill

The last Consultation was read approved and signed

Tuesday the 7th Sailed his Majesty’s Ship Sheerness
Thursday the 8th Sailed the Royall George Capt. Seild for England
Do 8th Arrived his Majesty’s Ship Harwich Capt. Sideman who brought the following Letter to the Governour Vizt

To Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour of St. Helena
Exeter at Sea the 31 January 1749

Sir
As his Majesty’s Ship Harwich out sails the rest of the Squadron I have for the greater dispatch sent her before to compleat her Water and beg as this Ship has no long Boat you will order some one on board of us as soon as we come in sight, that we may send our Cask ashore for Water likewise, I am

Sir
Your most Obedt Servant
E. Boscawen

You’ll please to order the Harwich to be supplied with fresh provisions while she continues in St. Helena Road

Tuesday the 7th Spoke by a Ship at some distance
Saturday the 10th Arrived his Majesty’s Ship Deptford Capt. Tho. Lake
Sunday the 11th Arrived Rear Admiral Boscawen with his Majesty’s Ships Exeter Capt. Pawlet, York Capt. Cockbourn, Chester Capt. Spry, Deal Castle Capt. Proby, the Berwick Bomb Capt. Jellicott and the Young Eagle the Bomb Tender.
Arrived likewise the Honble Company Ship Admiral Vernon Capt. Cooke from China

A consultation was held at the Castle on Monday 12 February 1749, attended by Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of the Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Tuesday 7 February His Majesty’s ship Sheerness had sailed from the island, and on Thursday 8 February the Royal George, commanded by Captain Field, had also departed for England. That same day His Majesty’s ship Harwich, commanded by Captain Sideman, arrived and brought with her a letter from Admiral Edward Boscawen addressed to the Governor.

The letter, written aboard the Exeter at sea on 31 January 1749, explained that since the Harwich sailed faster than the rest of the squadron, the Admiral had sent her ahead to St Helena to take on water. As the Harwich carried no longboat, he requested that one be sent from shore as soon as the ship came into view, so that her casks could be brought ashore and filled. He signed himself as the Governor’s obedient servant, and added that the Harwich should be supplied with fresh provisions while in St Helena’s roadstead.

It was also noted that on Tuesday 7 February a ship had been sighted and spoken with at a distance. On Saturday 10 February His Majesty’s ship Deptford, commanded by Captain Thomas Lake, arrived, and on Sunday 11 February Rear Admiral Boscawen himself reached the island with His Majesty’s ships Exeter (Captain Pawlet), York (Captain Cockburn), Chester (Captain Spry), Deal Castle (Captain Proby), the bomb vessel Berwick (Captain Jellicott), and the bomb tender Young Eagle.

The Honourable Company’s ship Admiral Vernon, commanded by Captain Cooke, also arrived from China on the same day.

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Immediately after the Admiral came to an anchor, the Governor sent an officer to him with the following letter, Vizt.

To the Honble Edward Boscawen Esqr Rear Admiral of the White.

Sir,

This waits on you to acknowledge the receipt of your favours of the 16th and 31st of the last month by Capt. Palliser and Capt. Sideman.

It gives me much concern to acquaint you that it is not possible for us to supply the squadron of His Majesty’s ships under your command with the fresh provisions you require, without distressing the East India Company’s officers upon the island and their returning ships that are expected to touch here, as all the beeves that can be spared for slaughter this year will not be sufficient to furnish them with near their usual quantity of meat. And should their ship’s fail of some beef for the refreshment of their people, who are frequently very unhealthy when they arrive, it might be a means to prevent them from proceeding on their voyage. How detrimental such a delay and disappointment might prove to my masters I have no occasion to represent to you, Sir, as there cannot be a better judge of it than yourself.

In this our exigency, however, I have ordered a few cattle to be ready if there should be any wanted for the sick, and I am in hope for the reasons I have laid before you that you will dispense with my not complying fully with your commands and my own inclinations in providing more.

Permit me, Sir, at the same time to assure you that it will always give me great pleasure to be in any respect of service to His Majesty’s forces, whose welfare and prosperity I most heartily wish.

I am, Sir,
Your most humble obedt servant,
Charles Hutchinson

St. Helena
Feb the 11th 1749

Immediately after Admiral Boscawen’s squadron anchored, the Governor sent an officer to deliver a letter to him. Addressed to the Honourable Edward Boscawen, Rear Admiral of the White, the letter, dated 11 February 1749 from St Helena, expressed both respect and regret.

Governor Charles Hutchinson acknowledged receipt of the Admiral’s letters of 16 and 31 January, delivered respectively by Captains Palliser and Sideman. He explained that it was impossible for the island to supply the squadron with the quantity of fresh provisions requested without causing hardship to the Honourable East India Company’s officers and to the Company’s own returning ships expected shortly to arrive.

He stated that the total number of cattle available for slaughter during the year would scarcely be enough to meet the usual rations required by the Company’s servants. If the Company’s ships were deprived of their expected beef rations, he warned, their crews – often arriving weak and unhealthy – might not recover sufficiently to continue their voyages. Such a delay, he noted, would be a serious inconvenience to the Company, and he was certain that Admiral Boscawen would fully appreciate its potential impact.

Despite this shortage, the Governor assured the Admiral that he had ordered a small number of cattle to be kept ready in case any fresh meat was needed for the sick. He expressed hope that, in light of these circumstances, the Admiral would understand his inability to comply completely with the request for provisions.

The Governor closed by assuring Admiral Boscawen of his continued desire to be of service to His Majesty’s forces, and by offering his sincere wishes for their welfare and success.

The letter was signed, “Your most humble obedient servant, Charles Hutchinson.”

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To the foregoing letter, the Admiral sent this answer, Vizt.

To Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governor of St. Helena
Exeter in St. Helena Road the 11th Feby 1749

Sir,

I have received your letter of this day’s date acquainting me that it is not in your power to supply His Majesty’s squadron under my command with fresh meat according to my desire, without distressing the East India Company’s officers and their returning ships that are expected to touch here. This, as you are pleased to observe, may happen to prove detrimental to them, but then it should be considered it is equally so to the people in His Majesty’s service, who, as they were sent to India for the immediate support of the Company, I looked on as they excepted above, have in my opinion a right to be preferred in this particular. I therefore hope you will order us a supply of the quantity before demanded.

I am,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
E. Boscawen

The Governor, having communicated this letter to the gentlemen of Council, they joined with him in opinion to renew the instance that had been made to the Admiral, to excuse the supplying the quantity of fresh provisions he required, which, with the ill consequences that must attend the complying with his demand by depriving the Honourable Company’s ships, whose entire dependence for refreshment in their passage home was on this island, being urged to him in the strongest manner, he seemed satisfied with the fresh beef that was ordered for his squadron, amounting to 3085 pounds weight.

Admiral Boscawen replied the same day from aboard the Exeter, then anchored in St Helena’s road. His letter, addressed to Governor Charles Hutchinson, acknowledged receipt of the Governor’s explanation and expressed his own perspective on the matter.

He stated that he understood the Governor’s difficulty in providing the requested quantity of fresh meat without creating hardship for the East India Company’s officers and the returning ships expected to call at the island. However, he argued that the same consideration should apply equally to His Majesty’s forces, who had been sent to India for the Company’s protection and support. The Admiral therefore believed that those serving in His Majesty’s ships had a right to be given priority in such circumstances and hoped that the Governor would nevertheless order the full quantity of meat originally requested.

After receiving the letter, the Governor laid it before the Council. The members unanimously agreed that the reasons previously given should again be pressed upon the Admiral, explaining that to comply with his request would deprive the Honourable Company’s own ships of the fresh provisions on which their crews entirely depended for refreshment on their homeward voyage.

This representation was made with firm insistence on the likely consequences of compliance, and the Admiral, having heard their reasoning, appeared satisfied. He accepted the smaller supply of fresh beef already set aside for His Majesty’s squadron, which amounted to 3,085 pounds in total weight.

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12 February

The Govr having applyed to the Admiral for Liberty

to inlist for the service of the Honble Company some of his

Majestys Soldiers that were on board his Squadron the Admiral

readily Consented to it & gave directions to their Officers to send

on Shore all such as were so inclined

The Plantation Gunners & Stewards Accounts for

the Month of January last were this day brought in which

were Examined & approved and are as follows Vizt

Gunners Stores Expended in Jany 1749

Guns Fired, 4 pr, 9 pr, 6 pr, Powder Expended

the day of the Month

8 Powder for Scaling the Guns at Sandy Bay: 12½ Powder Expended

10 Alarm for a Ship that went by: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 pr, 2 9 pr, 13 Powder Expended

20 Fired to Salute the same Ship: 15 Guns Fired, 15 4 pr, 15 Powder Expended

20 Alarm Arrived the Royal George Capt Field: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 pr, 2 9 pr, 13 Powder Expended

21 Arrived the Royal George Capt Field: 9 Guns Fired, 9 9 pr, 1 Powder Expended

Powder to the Stone Blaster: 8 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at the Main fort: 6 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at Prosperous Bay: 3 Powder Expended

Powder for Signals: 1 Powder Expended

Total: 36 Guns Fired, 8 4 pr, 24 9 pr, 4 6 pr, 70 Powder Expended

Paper to make a day Book for the Gunners Stores

1 Quire

Spunge Stave broke at Bankses

1

Match burnt at Bankses

1

Match burnt at the Main fort

¾

Tallow to the Great Wood

½

Brown paper for the Castle Use

6 Quire

(Signed)

John French

The Governor having applied to Admiral Boscawen for leave to enlist for the Company's service some of the King's soldiers aboard the squadron, the Admiral readily consented and directed his officers to send ashore all such as were so inclined. This entry is dated 12 February.

The plantation, gunner's and steward's accounts for the month of January last were brought in, examined and approved. The gunner's stores expended in January 1750 are recorded under the heading rows of guns fired, four-pounders, nine-pounders, six-pounders and powder expended.

Gunner's stores expended, January 1750

8 January, powder for scaling the guns at Sandy Bay, 0 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 12.5 lb powder

19 January, alarm for a ship that went by, 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 2 six-pounders, 13 lb powder

20 January, fired to salute the same ship, 15 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 15 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 15 lb powder

20 January, alarm, 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 2 six-pounders, 13 lb powder

21 January, arrived the Royal George, Captain Field, 9 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 9 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 lb powder

Powder to the stone blaster, 0 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 8 lb powder

Powder for priming at the main fort, 0 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 6 lb powder

Powder for priming at Prosperous Bay, 0 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 3 lb powder

Powder for signals, 0 guns fired, 0 four-pounders, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 1.5 lb powder

Total, 36 guns fired, 8 four-pounders, 24 nine-pounders, 4 six-pounders, 70.5 lb powder

The following stores were also expended.

Paper to make a day book for the gunner's stores, 1 quire

Sponge staves broke at Banks's, 1

Match burnt at Banks's, 1 lb

Match burnt at the main fort, 0.75 lb

Tallow to the Great Wood, 0.75 lb

Brown paper for the castle use, 6 quires

The signature of John French was entered against the account.

Interpretations

The enlisting of the King's soldiers from Boscawen's squadron shows the island seizing a rare chance to recruit its garrison from the homeward fleet, the Admiral's consent letting the Governor draw off such men as were willing to exchange the sea service for the Company's. The garrison stood always short of men on a remote station where recruits came only by ship, and the passing squadron offered a body of trained soldiers the island could not otherwise reach, the Governor's application and the Admiral's ready leave a practical arrangement by which the fleet's surplus manned the fort.

The powder of January quickened sharply with the return of the shipping, the alarms, salutes and the arrival of the Royal George drawing over seventy pounds against the near-empty returns of the deep winter. The fifteen-gun salute to a passing ship the day after her alarm, and the nine guns to the Royal George on her arrival, mark the road filling again as the season opened, the guns busy once more with the ceremony and watchfulness that the empty months had stilled, the gunner's account swelling with the traffic as the year's shipping began to touch the island.

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363

1749

Sundrys Expended for the Use of the Table in the Month of

January 1749 Vizt

28 Bottles Port Wine

2 2

22 Do Lisbon

1 13

16 Do Madeira

1 14 4

20½ Do Goa Arrack

10 5¼

51 Do Beer

12 9

30 Do Brandy

1 0 9¼

163 fresh Beef

2 1 3

280 Flour

1 17 11

130½ Mutton

3 2 8½

9 pr Salt Pork

18

24 fresh Pork

12

1 Kid

5

70½ Goat

1 3 6

18 Fowls

1 1

5 Ducks

7 6

1 Turkey

5

83 Candy

1 4 2¼

56½ Butter

2 10 6

8 Sugar

1 8

£ 24 1 7

Account

The steward's account recorded the sundries expended at the castle general table in January 1750, running through the wines, spirits, provisions and groceries to a total of £24 1s 7d.

Sundries expended for the use of the table in the month of January 1750

28 bottles port wine, £2 2s 0d

22 bottles lisbon, £1 13s 0d

16 bottles madeira, £1 14s 4d

20.5 bottles Goa arrack, £0 10s 5.5d

51 bottles beer, £0 12s 9d

30 bottles brandy, £1 0s 9.5d

163 lb fresh beef, £2 1s 3d

280 lb flour, £1 17s 11d

150.5 lb mutton, £3 2s 8.5d

9 pieces salt pork, £0 18s 0d

2.5 lb fresh pork, £0 2s 0d

1 kid, £0 5s 0d

70.5 lb goat, £1 3s 6d

18 fowls, £1 7s 0d

5 ducks, £0 5s 0d

1 turkey, £0 4s 2.5d

83 lb candy, £1 4s 2.5d

56.5 lb butter, £0 1s 8d

8 lb sugar, £0 1s 8d

Total, £24 1s 7d

Interpretations

The castle sundries set out the fare of the general table over January much as the winter months before it, the same run of wines, spirits, meat and groceries feeding the governor, council and their guests at the Company's charge. The fresh beef, mutton and goat ran alongside the port, lisbon, madeira, Goa arrack, beer and brandy, the table kept in the manner of a gentleman's household, the whole cost reckoned line by line, the hospitality of the settlement's head accounted with the same exactness as its stores and defences through the turn of the year into the opening of the shipping season.

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Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &ca for the Month of January 1749

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearling, Steers, Steers, Bullocks, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Shoats, Piggs, Boars, Total, Turkeys, Fowle, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining 1t: Bulls 3, Cows 94, Calves 94, Yearling 31, Steers 20, Steers 13, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 265, Ewes 100, Wathers 29, Lambs 68, Rams 4, Total 201, Ewes 94, Wathers 3, Kids 125, Rams 6, Total 226, Sows 5, Shoats 5, Piggs 11, Boars 1, Total 22, Turkeys 90, Fowle 217, Ducks 53, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Encreased: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 13, Yearling 0, Steers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 13, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 3, Rams 0, Total 3, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 10, Rams 0, Total 10, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 17, Boars 0, Total 17, Turkeys 12, Fowle 10, Ducks 3, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Bulls 3, Cows 94, Calves 107, Yearling 31, Steers 20, Steers 13, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 278, Ewes 100, Wathers 29, Lambs 71, Rams 4, Total 204, Ewes 94, Wathers 3, Kids 135, Rams 6, Total 238, Sows 5, Shoats 5, Piggs 28, Boars 1, Total 39, Turkeys 102, Fowle 227, Ducks 56, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Killed: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Steers 2, Steers 1, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 3, Ewes 0, Wathers 4, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 4, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 1, Rams 0, Total 4, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 1, Boars 0, Total 2, Turkeys 1, Fowle 18, Ducks 5, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Died: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearling 0, Steers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 2, Boars 0, Total 2, Turkeys 0, Fowle 6, Ducks 5, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Remaining 31: Bulls 3, Cows 94, Calves 107, Yearling 31, Steers 18, Steers 12, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 275, Ewes 100, Wathers 25, Lambs 71, Rams 4, Total 200, Ewes 93, Wathers 1, Kids 134, Rams 6, Total 232, Sows 5, Shoats 4, Piggs 26, Boars 0, Total 35, Turkeys 101, Fowle 203, Ducks 46, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 3, Total 11

Beef to the Royal George 560 lb

Pork to the Markett 100

Yams Expended 33.000 lb

(Signed) David Hunter

The stock account for January 1750 recorded the Company's neat cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses month by movement, each class carried across the rows of remaining at the first, increased, killed, died and remaining at the last.

Account of the Company's stock of neat cattle and the rest for the month of January 1750

Neat cattle: bulls, cows, calves, yearlings, heifers, steers, bullocks, oxen, total

Remaining 1st: 3 bulls, 94 cows, 94 calves, 31 yearlings, 20 heifers, 13 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 265 total

Increased: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 13 calves, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 13 total

Sub-total: 3 bulls, 94 cows, 107 calves, 31 yearlings, 20 heifers, 13 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 278 total

Killed: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 0 calves, 0 yearlings, 2 heifers, 1 steer, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 3 total

Died: 0 all classes, 0 total

Remaining 31st: 3 bulls, 94 cows, 107 calves, 31 yearlings, 18 heifers, 12 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 275 total

Sheep: ewes, wethers, lambs, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 100 ewes, 29 wethers, 68 lambs, 4 rams, 201 total

Increased: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 3 lambs, 0 rams, 3 total

Sub-total: 100 ewes, 29 wethers, 71 lambs, 4 rams, 204 total

Died: 0 ewes, 4 wethers, 0 lambs, 0 rams, 4 total

Remaining 31st: 100 ewes, 25 wethers, 71 lambs, 4 rams, 200 total

Goats: ewes, wethers, kids, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 94 ewes, 3 wethers, 125 kids, 6 rams, 226 total

Increased: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 10 kids, 0 rams, 10 total

Sub-total: 94 ewes, 3 wethers, 135 kids, 6 rams, 236 total

Died: 1 ewe, 0 wethers, 1 kid, 0 rams, 2 total

Remaining 31st: 93 ewes, 1 wether, 134 kids, 6 rams, 232 total

Hogs: sows, shoats, pigs, boars, total

Remaining 1st: 5 sows, 5 shoats, 11 pigs, 1 boar, 22 total

Increased: 0 sows, 0 shoats, 17 pigs, 0 boars, 17 total

Sub-total: 5 sows, 5 shoats, 28 pigs, 1 boar, 39 total

Died: 0 sows, 1 shoat, 2 pigs, 0 boars, 2 total

Remaining 31st: 5 sows, 4 shoats, 26 pigs, 0 boars, 35 total

Poultry: turkeys, fowls, ducks, geese, total

Remaining 1st: 90 turkeys, 217 fowls, 53 ducks, 16 geese

Increased: 12 turkeys, 10 fowls, 3 ducks, 0 geese

Sub-total: 102 turkeys, 227 fowls, 56 ducks, 16 geese

Died: 1 turkey, 18 fowls, 5 ducks, 0 geese

Killed: 0 turkeys, 6 fowls, 5 ducks, 0 geese

Remaining 31st: 101 turkeys, 203 fowls, 46 ducks, 16 geese

Horses: horses, mares, total

Remaining 1st: 8 horses, 3 mares, 11 total

Remaining 31st: 8 horses, 3 mares, 11 total

Sundries:

Beef to the Royal George, 560 lb

Pork to the market, 100 lb

Yams expended: 33,000 lb

David Hunter signed the account.

Interpretations

The herd began to be drawn on again in January as the shipping returned, five hundred and sixty pounds of beef supplied to the Royal George and two heifers and a steer killed, the first real call on the cattle since the fleet had sailed the previous June. The killing fell on the heifers and a steer rather than the breeding cows, sparing the females that carried the increase as the whole year's husbandry had done, the herd still rising on its thirteen new calves even as it began to victual the first ships of the season, the careful management holding the stock up while the demands of the year resumed.

The hogs increased sharply on seventeen pigs farrowed in the month, lifting the class from twenty-two to a peak before two died, the swine breeding up as the herds and flocks had through the winter. The whole stock, cattle, sheep, goats, hogs and poultry alike, had swelled on its own increase through the empty season and now stood ready to meet the shipping, the husbandry of the deep winter vindicated as the road filled, the Company's herds and flocks at their fullest just as the year's victualling began to draw them down.

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Lieutenant Clark reports that he has been on board the ship Admiral Vernon to muster her company and enquire for deserters but found none. The muster roll is as follows, Vizt.

Muster Roll of ship Admiral Vernon

Edmund Cooke Commander
James Cox 1st Mate
Willm Hancox 2d Do
Willm Yelverney 3d Do
Tho. Farr 4th Do
Tho. Scott Gunner
Jas Winter Carpenter
John Boswell Boatswain
Edw. Motley Surgeon
David Ramsey Midshipman
John Olive Do
Henry Hancock Do
Jos. Sampson Do
Lawrence Ginter Do
Jas Knight Do
John Blake Do
John Thompson Quartermaster
David Henly Do
John Bomblett Do
Christ Conrad Do
Tho. Stevens Capt’s Mate
John Bishop 2d Do
Robert Clymer Cooper
Jos. Godwin Boats Mate
John Scott Gunners Mate
Nicholas Saunders Armourer
Isaac Allwood Sailmaker

Wm Cooper Capt’s Steward
Tho. Sweetman Ships Do
Tho. Short Capt’s Cooke
Jas Boil Ships Do
Tho. Davis Cooks Mate
Amb. M. Donough Taylor
Tho. Hodge Cooper
George David Faulkner
Argl Haar Butcher
Dav. Bartlet Seaman
Ephm Matthewson Do
Cuthbert Hutchens Do
Rich Thomas Do
Wm Anderson Do
John Smith Do
David Muddiff Do
Hendrick Hawser Do
Michl Stubbs Do
Alexr Lawstone Do
Jas Bruce Do
Rowleigh Rumold Do
Sam Peters Do
Baldwin Rule Do
Cornelius Longwork Do
David Roulfson Do
Cornelius Vandike Do
Alexr Benskin Do

Tho. Hume Seaman
Tho. Watson Do
Tho. Foster Do
Geo. Keith Do
Jas Ellis Do
Wm Algen Do
John Parson Do
John Jackson Do
James Duff Do
Robt Walker Do
Danl Campbell Do
Wm Foreman Do
John Marshall Do
John Turnfoot Do
Joseph Spake Do
Lazr Pepperell Do
George Thompson Do
Chas Taylor Do
John Read Do
John Barton Do
Edwd Davis Do
Saml Moore Do
Andw Holliday Do
Robt Holliday Do
Jas Day Do
Jonad Winter Do
John M. Lawrie Gun.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had boarded the Admiral Vernon, commanded by Captain Edmund Cooke, to conduct a muster of her crew and to search for deserters, but had found none. The muster roll was then entered as follows.

James Cox served as first mate, William Hancox as second mate, William Yelverney as third mate, and Thomas Farr as fourth mate. Thomas Scott was gunner, James Winter carpenter, John Boswell boatswain, and Edward Motley surgeon.

The midshipmen were David Ramsey, John Olive, Henry Hancock, Joseph Sampson, Lawrence Ginter, James Knight, and John Blake. The quartermasters were John Thompson, David Henly, John Bomblett, and Christ Conrad. Thomas Stevens and John Bishop were listed as the captain’s first and second mates.

Robert Clymer served as cooper, Joseph Godwin as boatswain’s mate, John Scott as gunner’s mate, Nicholas Saunders as armourer, and Isaac Allwood as sailmaker. William Cooper was the captain’s steward, Thomas Sweetman ship’s steward, Thomas Short captain’s cook, James Boil ship’s cook, and Thomas Davis cook’s mate. Ambrose McDonough was tailor, Thomas Hodge cooper, George David Faulkner and Argl Haar butchers.

The seamen were David Bartlet, Ephraim Matthewson, Cuthbert Hutchens, Richard Thomas, William Anderson, John Smith, David Muddiff, Hendrick Hawser, Michael Stubbs, Alexander Lawstone, James Bruce, Rowleigh Rumold, Samuel Peters, Baldwin Rule, Cornelius Longwork, David Roulfson, Cornelius Vandike, and Alexander Benskin.

Further seamen included Thomas Hume, Thomas Watson, Thomas Foster, George Keith, James Ellis, William Algen, John Parson, John Jackson, James Duff, Robert Walker, Daniel Campbell, William Foreman, John Marshall, John Turnfoot, Joseph Spake, Lazar Pepperell, George Thompson, Charles Taylor, John Read, John Barton, Edward Davis, Samuel Moore, Andrew Holliday, Robert Holliday, James Day, Jonad Winter, and John M. Lawrie, who was recorded as gunner.

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Ign. Cornelius Seaman
John Williams Do
John Johnson Do
Bar. Powel Do
Andrew Jonass Do
Duck Garberance Seaman Do
Bart. Carter Do
John Ditchburn Capt. Do
John Rygmer Chief Mate Do
John Shepard Gunners Do
Jas. Ross Boatswains 2d Mate
Supercargoes Mr. Thomas Shore, Mr. Thomas Goddard, Mr. John Boucher

The Honble Company being much in want of a pinnace, and Capt. Crabb having a good one to dispose of, we have agreed to give him £15 for it.

We likewise bought of him for the use of the Honble Company £13 7s 20 Rice at 10s per hundred, and 4 tons 3 cwt 2 qrs 24 lbs Paddy at 5s per hundred.

There being great want of swine in the Honble Company’s stores, and the ships often demanding it, we have likewise bought of Captain Crabb 30 shanks at 7s 6d each.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The muster of the Admiral Vernon concluded with the following additional names: Ignatius Cornelius, John Williams, John Johnson, Bartholomew Powel, Andrew Jonass, Duck Garberance, Bartholomew Carter, John Ditchburn, John Rygmer (chief mate), John Shepard (gunner’s mate), and James Ross (second mate to the boatswain). The ship’s supercargoes were Mr Thomas Shore, Mr Thomas Goddard, and Mr John Boucher.

As the Honourable Company was in need of a pinnace, and Captain Crabb possessed one suitable for their use, the Council agreed to purchase it from him for £15. They also bought from him twenty hundredweight of rice at 10 shillings per hundred, amounting to £13 7s, together with 4 tons, 3 hundredweight, 2 quarters, and 24 pounds of paddy at 5 shillings per hundred.

Since the Company’s stores were very short of swine and the visiting ships frequently demanded them, they further purchased from Captain Crabb thirty shanks at 7 shillings and 6 pence each.

Signed
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

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367

At a consultation held on Wednesday the 14th day of February 1749 at the Castle.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor, Capt. David Hunter Lieut. Governor, Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

Pursuant to Admiral Boscawen’s directions as mentioned in last consultation, there came on shore yesterday thirteen of His Majesty’s forces, who offered themselves to serve the Honble Company as soldiers here for five years, whom we inlisted, giving each man £5 bounty money. Their names are as follows, Vizt.

William Hoyer
Peter Marshall
Wm. Hutchinson
Jno. Armstrong
Alexr. Hamilton
Wm. Bunter
David Smyne
Tho. Pinkerton
John Swift
John Turner
Henry Wapfield
John O’Harra
Thomas Brown

Yesterday sailed Rear Admiral Boscawen with all His Majesty’s ships.

There being three men of the squadron that were accidentally left on shore, who were desirous to remain here to serve the Honble Company as soldiers for five years rather than to proceed home, and as we offered to procure them a passage, we inlisted them at five pounds each bounty money. Their names are as follows, Vizt.

John Coffin
Christian Kyper
Daniell Carn

We likewise inlisted two men, Andrew Treger and John Gerhardt, £10 each.

At a meeting of Council held at the Castle on Wednesday the 14th of February 1749, Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor Captain David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark were present. The previous consultation was read, approved, and signed.

In accordance with Admiral Boscawen’s instructions referred to in the last consultation, thirteen of His Majesty’s soldiers came ashore the previous day and offered themselves for enlistment into the service of the Honourable Company for a term of five years. Each man received a bounty of £5 upon enlistment. Their names were William Hoyer, Peter Marshall, William Hutchinson, John Armstrong, Alexander Hamilton, William Bunter, David Smyne, Thomas Pinkerton, John Swift, John Turner, Henry Wapfield, John O’Harra, and Thomas Brown.

Rear Admiral Boscawen had sailed the day before with all His Majesty’s ships. However, three men of the squadron, having been accidentally left behind, expressed their wish to remain on the island and serve the Honourable Company rather than return to England. The Council offered to procure them a passage if they wished to leave, but as they chose to stay, they were enlisted for five years at £5 bounty each. Their names were John Coffin, Christian Kyper, and Daniell Carn.

Two further men, Andrew Treger and John Gerhardt, were also enlisted into the Company’s service at £10 each bounty money.

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James Obran, one of the Honble Company’s soldiers, having been guilty of several misdemeanours, applied to us for liberty to exchange with John Thomason, who agreed to serve the Honble Company for five years. We granted his request.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a consultation held on Saturday the 17th day of February 1749 at the Castle.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor, Capt. David Hunter Lt. Governor, Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

Capt. Richard Crabb having applied to us for thirty pounds for the use of the Honble Company’s ship Dunnington, we have advanced him that sum and taken his bill for it, drawn on Samuel Braine Esq., dated this day, payable to the Honble Company or their order ten days after sight.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

James Obran, a soldier in the service of the Honourable Company, having been guilty of repeated misconduct, petitioned for permission to exchange his post with John Thomason, who had agreed to serve the Company for five years in his place. The Council granted this request.

Signed
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

At a meeting of Council held at the Castle on Saturday the 17th of February 1749, Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor Captain David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark were present. The previous consultation was read, approved, and signed.

Captain Richard Crabb having applied for the sum of thirty pounds for the use of the Honourable Company’s ship Dunnington, the Council agreed to advance the amount. His bill was taken accordingly, drawn on Samuel Braine Esq., and dated that day, payable to the Honourable Company or their order ten days after sight.

Signed
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

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369

At a consultation held on Monday the 19th day of February 1749 at the Castle.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor, Capt. David Hunter Lieut. Governor, Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

Saturday the 17th sailed the Dunnington, Capt. Richard Crabb, for England.
Yesterday passed by a ship at a great distance.

Mr. Matthew Purling petitioned for a lease for a small piece of the Honble Company’s waste land lying in the East Division of this island, which having been viewed, it was granted.

Brought of Capt. Edmund Cooke 2 tons 3 cwt of paddy at five shillings per hundredweight.

Henry Barber, soldier, petitioned for his discharge from the garrison, having served the Honble Company his contracted time. Granted.

The executors of Mr. Joseph Desfontaine, deceased, petitioned for liberty to dispose of 1½ acres of lease land for the benefit of the orphans of the said deceased. Granted.

Counted and examined the Honble Company’s cash for the month of January last, which is as follows, Vizt.

At a meeting of Council held at the Castle on Monday the 19th of February 1749, Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor Captain David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark were present. The previous consultation was read, approved, and signed.

On Saturday the 17th, the Dunnington, Captain Richard Crabb, sailed for England. The following day, a ship was seen passing at a great distance.

Mr Matthew Purling submitted a petition requesting a lease of a small parcel of the Honourable Company’s waste land situated in the East Division of the island. As the land had already been inspected, his request was granted.

The Council purchased from Captain Edmund Cooke two tons and three hundredweight of paddy at the rate of five shillings per hundredweight.

Henry Barber, a soldier, petitioned for his discharge from the garrison, having completed his contracted term of service with the Honourable Company. His request was granted.

The executors of Mr Joseph Desfontaine, deceased, petitioned for permission to sell one and a half acres of leasehold land for the benefit of the deceased’s orphans. The Council granted this request.

The Honourable Company’s cash for the month of January was then counted and examined, and the account was as follows.

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370

Cash Dr

1749 January 1
To balance remaining £2585 19s 7d
To plantation for 100 lb pork sold this month £2 10s

£2588 9s 7d

Signed
Chas. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The Honourable Company’s cash account for January 1749 showed a remaining balance of £2585 19s 7d at the beginning of the month. An additional £2 10s was received from the plantation for one hundred pounds of pork sold during the month, bringing the total balance to £2588 9s 7d.

Signed
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

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371

Per Contra Cr

1749 January 31

By balance remaining in the following specie, viz.:

1½ oz gold at £3 18s 3d – £46 1s 8½d
4 oz do. at £3 9s 12d – £13 11s 2d
70 Venetian at 10s – £35 0s 0d
12 rupees at 30s – £18 0s 0d
2000 pagodas at 8s – £800 0s 0d

Gold amounting to £912 12s 9d

24½ dollars at 5s – £602 10s 0d
3560 double royals at 1s 3d – £222 10s 0d
1516 royals at 11½d – £147 17s 6d
12947 half royals at 7½d – £202 5s 11½d
517 rupees at 2s 3d – £58 3s 3d
141 French pieces at 2s – £3 13s 6d

Odd money £1 13s 0d

Silver amounting to £1136 11s 10d

146 cash notes at 40s – £292 0s 0d
162 do. at 20s – £162 0s 0d
261 do. at 5s – £65 5s 0d
160 do. at 2s 6d – £20 0s 0d

Cash notes amounting to £539 5s 0d

Total £2588 9s 7d

Signed
Hutchinson
Hunter
Clark

The counter account for January 1749 showed a total balance of £2588 9s 7d remaining in various forms of currency.

The gold held amounted to £912 12s 9d, consisting of one and a half ounces of gold valued at £3 18s 3d (£46 1s 8½d), four ounces at £3 9s 12d (£13 11s 2d), seventy Venetian coins at 10s each (£35), twelve rupees at 30s each (£18), and two thousand pagodas at 8s each (£800).

The silver amounted to £1136 11s 10d, comprising twenty-four and a half dollars at 5s (£602 10s), three thousand five hundred and sixty double royals at 1s 3d (£222 10s), one thousand five hundred and sixteen royals at 11½d (£147 17s 6d), twelve thousand nine hundred and forty-seven half royals at 7½d (£202 5s 11½d), five hundred and seventeen rupees at 2s 3d (£58 3s 3d), one hundred and forty-one French pieces at 2s (£3 13s 6d), and odd money of £1 13s.

Cash notes totalled £539 5s, being one hundred and forty-six notes of 40s (£292), one hundred and sixty-two of 20s (£162), two hundred and sixty-one of 5s (£65 5s), and one hundred and sixty of 2s 6d (£20).

The overall total was therefore £2588 9s 7d.

Signed
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

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372

At a consultation held on Monday the 26th day of February 1749 at the Castle.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor, Capt. David Hunter Lieut. Governor, Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

Thursday the 22nd, passed by four ships.
Friday the 23rd, sailed the Admiral Vernon, Capt. Edmund Cooke, for England.

Executed the following lease granted to Mr. John Goodwin, viz.:

Island of St Helena.

The Lords Proprietors of this Island, the Honble the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, did by this instrument demise, lease and farm let unto John Goodwin of the said island, gentleman, all that piece or parcel of land containing four and a half acres, situated, lying and being in the West Division of the said island, abutting and bounding south upon the Honble Company’s pasture land, west upon the said Honble Company’s waste land, and north and east upon the land of him the said John Goodwin.

To have and to hold the said demised parcel of land with the appurtenances, every part and parcel thereof, unto him the said John Goodwin, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, from the day of the date hereof for and during the space and term of twenty-one years from thence next ensuing.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 26 February 1749, with Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of Council present. The previous consultation was read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Thursday the 22nd four ships had passed by, and on Friday the 23rd the Admiral Vernon, commanded by Captain Edmund Cooke, had sailed for England.

A lease was then executed in favour of John Goodwin, gentleman, for a parcel of land on St Helena. The United Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, as Lords Proprietors of the island, leased to him four and a half acres of land situated in the West Division. The boundaries were described as south upon the Company’s pasture land, west upon the Company’s waste land, and north and east upon land already belonging to John Goodwin.

The lease granted him possession of the land with all appurtenances for a term of twenty-one years from the date of the instrument, to be held by him, his heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns.

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373

Condition: that he the said John Goodwin, his heirs or allowed assigns, should always bear true faith and allegiance to His Majesty King George the Second, his heirs and successors, and true faith to the Honourable Company and their successors, and should duly obey all the laws and constitutions of the island.

For this he was to pay yearly, during the said term and time of twenty-one years, unto the Honourable Company, their successors, agents or assigns, the yearly rent of two shillings per acre, in or about the feast of St Michael the Archangel.

He was further required to fence the said parcel of land with a good and sufficient fence, and when so fenced, to maintain it in good condition and repair, not permitting any part thereof to decay. He was also to plant and maintain the full quantity and proportion of wood and keep the fences as boundary marks. He was not to sell or dispose of this lease, or his interest therein, without the consent of the Governor and Council for the time being.

In witness whereof, the said Governor and Council set their hands and affixed the Honourable Company’s seal this 26th day of February 1749, in the twenty-third year of the reign of His Majesty George the Second, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, etc.

Signed
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The conditions of John Goodwin’s lease required that he, his heirs, or permitted assigns should always maintain true faith and allegiance to His Majesty King George the Second, his heirs and successors, as well as to the Honourable East India Company and their successors. He was bound to obey all the laws and constitutions of the island.

In return, he was to pay the Honourable Company, or their successors, agents, or assigns, an annual rent of two shillings per acre, payable each year about the feast of St Michael the Archangel, throughout the twenty-one-year term.

He was also obliged to enclose the said parcel of land with a good and sufficient fence, to maintain it properly once completed, and to prevent it from falling into decay. In addition, he was to plant and keep up a full quantity and proportion of wood, using the fences as the fixed boundary marks of the land. The lease further stipulated that he could not sell or transfer it, or any part of his interest in it, without first obtaining the consent of the Governor and Council for the time being.

In confirmation of these terms, the Governor and Council signed and sealed the document on 26 February 1749, in the twenty-third year of the reign of King George the Second, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith.

Signed
Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

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374

At a consultation held on Monday the 5th day of March 1749 at the Castle.

Present Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor, Capt. David Hunter Lieut. Governor, Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

Wednesday the 28th of February, died Mary Alexander, widow.
Saturday the 3rd instant, arrived the Dodington, Capt. Benjamin Mason, from China.
Sunday the 4th instant, arrived the Chesterfield, Capt. Edon Laker, from Fort St. David.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had been on board the ships Dodington and Chesterfield to muster their companies and enquire for deserters, but found none. Their muster rolls were as follows:

Muster Roll of ship Dodington:

Beny. Mason Commander
Hieron Poney 1st Mate
Patrick Forney 2nd Do.
George Clayton 3rd Do.
Moses Baker 4th Do.
John Cambell Surgeon
William Wright Purser
Patt Curtel Gunner
Jn. Harwood Capt. Servt.
George Hingsby Boatswain
Richd. Dun Caulker
Geo. Denham Cooper
Pitt Collett Midshipman
John Ackley
John Bevan
John Lofee
Wm. Poofse
Water Lemmon Guard. Mar.
John White
John Read
Tho. Malcolin Guard. Servt.
Ja. M. Conn Do.
Ja. Moony Do.
Rich. Tobbin Ship’s Servt.
Fran. Smith Capt. Do.
Pat. McConnell Ship’s Cook
Ja. Sommar Capt. Do.
Ja. Gardiner Gun. Mate
Tho. Jacobs Carp. Do.
Jo. Irwin Boat’s Crew

At the consultation held at the Castle on Monday 5 March 1749, Governor Charles Hutchinson, Lieutenant Governor David Hunter, and Lieutenant John Clark of Council were present. The previous consultation was read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Wednesday 28 February Mary Alexander, widow, had died. On Saturday 3 March the Dodington, commanded by Captain Benjamin Mason, had arrived from China, and on Sunday 4 March the Chesterfield, commanded by Captain Edon Laker, had arrived from Fort St David.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had gone on board both ships to muster their companies and to enquire for deserters, but had found none.

The muster roll of the Dodington was as follows: Benjamin Mason, Commander; Hieron Poney, First Mate; Patrick Forney, Second Mate; George Clayton, Third Mate; Moses Baker, Fourth Mate; John Cambell, Surgeon; William Wright, Purser; Patrick Curtel, Gunner; John Harwood, Captain’s Servant; George Hingsby, Boatswain; Richard Dun, Caulker; George Denham, Cooper; Pitt Collett, Midshipman; John Ackley; John Bevan; John Lofee; William Poofse; Water Lemmon, Guardian Mariner; John White; John Read; Thomas Malcolin, Guardian’s Servant; James McConnell, Do.; James Moony, Do.; Richard Tobbin, Ship’s Servant; Francis Smith, Captain’s Do.; Patrick McConnell, Ship’s Cook; James Sommar, Captain’s Do.; James Gardiner, Gunner’s Mate; Thomas Jacobs, Carpenter’s Do.; and John Irwin, Boat’s Crew.

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375

Wm. Barry Boat 2nd Mate
Tho. Foster Cooper
Hen. Masters Butcher
Wm. Gardny Caulkt. Mate
R. Haywood Poulterer
Wm. Jemson Sailmaker
Wm. Westfield Armourer
Jn. Mason Capt. Taylor
Wm. Smith Seaman
John Dickman
John Rogers
Andw. Mack
Wm. Neeves
John Smith
David Valy
Tho. Graham
Rich. Frankling
Hugh Mahoney
Wm. Loy
Ja. S. Morning
John Standling
Tho. Fizel
Hen. Weed
John Lidsale
Tho. Watland
Peter Laflande
George Nelson Seaman
Wm. Deans
Jeremiah De Young
Wm. Alexander
Benj. Foot
Ja. H. Wilson
Wm. Mathew Senr.
Wm. Mathew Junr.
Danl. Gates
John Burrows
Peter Glestone
Sam. Dammell
John Denuela
Tho. Green
Tho. Trumball
John M. Cables
Emanl. Gonsalva
Symon Rodriges
Abram Buckley
James Reed
Archd. Hambleton
Edw. Hanley
Wm. Peart
Mich. Whitton
Ja. Neuin
Humphry Custis
Evan Jones Seaman
Tho. Grumbly
Wm. Wright
Jos. Theaby
Anth. Grave
George Mahoney
Tho. Baker
Tho. Wallace
Alexand. Hall
Rich. Shedon
Ja. Shipton
John Off
Fred. Caston
Peter Baker
Danl. McMar.
John Sinclair
Peter Jones
John Stanmore
Wm. Cubitt
Gerard Bockman Captain Servant
Jonad. Dove Boat Do.
Jonad. Laughton Gunr. Do.
Ja. Llewelly Doct. Do.
Danl. Brown 2nd Mate Do.
George Anderson Carp. Do.

Muster Roll of ship Chesterfield:

Edon Laker Commander
Mich. Dovey 1st Mate
Clow. Carter 2nd Do.
Peter Spunk 3rd Do.
Ja. Hay 4th Mate
Jerem. Roberts Surgeon
John Beall Boatswain
Benj. Whickering Carpenter
Adam Losker Gunner
Matth. Bedford Midshipman
Wm. Martin Do.
Wm. Learne Do.

At the consultation held on 5 March 1749, Lieutenant John Clark’s inspection of the Dodington continued, listing the remainder of the ship’s company as follows:

William Barry, Boat’s Second Mate; Thomas Foster, Cooper; Henry Masters, Butcher; William Gardny, Caulker’s Mate; R. Haywood, Poulterer; William Jemson, Sailmaker; William Westfield, Armourer; John Mason, Captain’s Taylor; William Smith, John Dickman, John Rogers, Andrew Mack, William Neeves, John Smith, David Valy, Thomas Graham, Richard Frankling, Hugh Mahoney, William Loy, James S. Morning, John Standling, Thomas Fizel, Henry Weed, John Lidsale, Thomas Watland, Peter Laflande, George Nelson, William Deans, Jeremiah De Young, William Alexander, Benjamin Foot, James H. Wilson, William Mathew senior, William Mathew junior, Daniel Gates, John Burrows, Peter Glestone, Samuel Dammell, John Denuela, Thomas Green, Thomas Trumball, John M. Cables, Emanuel Gonsalva, Symon Rodriges, Abraham Buckley, James Reed, Archibald Hambleton, Edward Hanley, William Peart, Michael Whitton, James Neuin, Humphry Custis, Evan Jones, Thomas Grumbly, William Wright, Joseph Theaby, Anthony Grave, George Mahoney, Thomas Baker, Thomas Wallace, Alexander Hall, Richard Shedon, James Shipton, John Off, Frederick Caston, Peter Baker, Daniel McMar, John Sinclair, Peter Jones, John Stanmore, and William Cubitt, all Seamen.

Gerard Bockman, Captain’s Servant; Jonad Dove, Boat’s Servant; Jonad Laughton, Gunner’s Servant; James Llewelly, Doctor’s Servant; Daniel Brown, Second Mate’s Servant; and George Anderson, Carpenter’s Servant.

The muster roll of the Chesterfield then followed: Edon Laker, Commander; Michael Dovey, First Mate; Clow Carter, Second Mate; Peter Spunk, Third Mate; James Hay, Fourth Mate; Jeremiah Roberts, Surgeon; John Beall, Boatswain; Benjamin Whickering, Carpenter; Adam Losker, Gunner; Matthew Bedford, William Martin, and William Learne, Midshipmen.

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376

Andw. Gardener Quart. Mast.
Hugh Smith
Tho. Beale
Matt. Clarkson
Andw. Anderson Gunr. Mate
Robt. Bellamy Capt. Servt.
George Camfer
Tho. Cook Caulker
George Rhodes Cooper
Wm. Dent Senr. 4th Mate
Jn. Parkes Capt. Cook
Altrah Wm. Britton Capt. Stew.
David Stewart Ship. Do.
Jos. Lampo Boat. 1st Mate
John Cook Capt. Servant
Ja. Mitchell
Peter Smouse
George Damach Cook Servt.
John Panchea Capt. Do.
Simon Dews 2nd Mate Servt.
John Howade Carp. Do.
Rich. Richardson Gunr. Do.
Tho. Cutbill Ship’s Cook
Ralph Brown Seaman
Giles Jenkins
Wm. Pinchbuck
Tho. Gormon
Swan Nelson
Benj. Jenkins
Francis Dalley
Gregore Gentelle
John Walker
Wm. Savage Seaman
Peter Castrell Landman
Ja. Warrill
Wm. Bucknie
Jn. Kingston
John Garnet
Peter Goddirt
And. Craig
Wm. Ward Seaman
Isaac Mosley
John Sovery
William Armstrong
Peter Moore
John Bowring
Ja. Farthing
Alex. Taylor
Lake Greig
Tho. Cambridge
Peter Peall
Philip Cole
Fran. Burt
Wm. James
John Smith
Tarrant Vice
Jermiah Larsa
Cha. Mumford
Charles Swot
Christ. Lee
Jacob Holmes
Cornelius Lasey
Hugh McCormick
Brice McDaniel
John Pullen Seaman
Peter Chevett
William Smart
George Huggy
James Shields
Christ. Whitland
Anth. Pcheney
Mon. Delasbuck Capt.
Mon. Denygon
Lew. Paralong Seaman
Rane De Bose
Jean Burto
Julian Gysett
Pero Montoven
Gill Cordon
Elton Roboa
Lorong Gonsa
Joseph Sinclair
Alex. Cortell
John Strange
Jack Vellen
Reo Parnell
Matt. Sardowine
Marysofell
Fran. Chunckong
Julian Nabifett
Jack Leaves
Tho. Greenline
Jos. Gonsa
Mofsell Gonta
Joseph Burton
Giles Somary
Wm. Wm. Cook Cazenga
Wm. John Spencer

Lieutenant John Clark’s report of the Dodington’s muster continued with Andrew Gardener, Quartermaster; Hugh Smith; Thomas Beale; Matthew Clarkson; Andrew Anderson, Gunner’s Mate; and Robert Bellamy, Captain’s Servant.

Also listed were George Camfer; Thomas Cook, Caulker; George Rhodes, Cooper; William Dent senior, Fourth Mate; John Parkes, Captain’s Cook; William Britton, Captain’s Steward; David Stewart, Ship’s Steward; and Joseph Lampo, Boat’s First Mate.

Further names included John Cook, Captain’s Servant; James Mitchell; Peter Smouse; George Damach, Cook’s Servant; John Panchea, Captain’s Servant; Simon Dews, Second Mate’s Servant; John Howade, Carpenter’s Servant; Richard Richardson, Gunner’s Servant; and Thomas Cutbill, Ship’s Cook.

The seamen were Ralph Brown, Giles Jenkins, William Pinchbuck, Thomas Gormon, Swan Nelson, Benjamin Jenkins, Francis Dalley, Gregore Gentelle, John Walker, and William Savage.

Also listed were Peter Castrell, Landman; James Warrill; William Bucknie; John Kingston; John Garnet; Peter Goddirt; Andrew Craig; William Ward, Seaman; Isaac Mosley; John Sovery; William Armstrong; Peter Moore; John Bowring; James Farthing; Alexander Taylor; Lake Greig; Thomas Cambridge; Peter Peall; Philip Cole; Francis Burt; William James; John Smith; Tarrant Vice; Jeremiah Larsa; Charles Mumford; Charles Swot; Christopher Lee; Jacob Holmes; Cornelius Lasey; Hugh McCormick; Brice McDaniel; and John Pullen, Seaman.

The list continued with Peter Chevett; William Smart; George Huggy; James Shields; Christopher Whitland; and Anthony Pcheney.

Among those recorded as foreign seamen were Monsieur Delasbuck, Captain; Monsieur Denygon; Lewis Paralong, Seaman; Rane De Bose; Jean Burto; Julian Gysett; Pero Montoven; Gill Cordon; Elton Roboa; and Lorong Gonsa.

Other names included Joseph Sinclair; Alexander Cortell; John Strange; Jack Vellen; Reo Parnell; Matthew Sardowine; Marysofell; Francis Chunckong; Julian Nabifett; Jack Leaves; Thomas Greenline; Joseph Gonsa; Mofsell Gonta; Joseph Burton; Giles Somary; William Cook Cazenga; and William John Spencer.

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The Chesterfield brought the following supply, vizt:

Invoice of ship Chesterfield

LCF No. 3

Long Cloth Fine white
No. 1 of 32½ at £6.13.4 per, 305 9
2 of 1 18 at 5 9, 199 18
Total £594 27

Packing at Bag 2 of Bat. 6 600 27
Rice 30 of 210 at £9, 47 9
Arrack Ballaarat Leager, 60
Charges Merchandize vizt
Gunny Bags 60
Twine 2
Boat Hooley hire 1 16
1 48
25

Pagodas £1,336¼
Pagodas 712 33 6¼

Errors excepted
Edwd. Croke, Accomptant

Chas. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The Chesterfield brought a supply of goods for the Honourable Company as recorded in the following invoice.

Invoice of ship Chesterfield – LCF No. 3.

The cargo included Long Cloth, Fine White. Number 1 contained 32½ pieces priced at £6 13s 4d each, amounting to £305 9s. Number 2 contained 18 pieces priced at £5 9s each, amounting to £199 18s. The total came to £594 27s.

Packing at Bag 2 of Batavia 6, valued at 600 27s. Rice, 30 bags of 210 at £9, amounting to £47 9s. Arrack Ballaarat Leager, £60.

Charges on merchandise were listed as follows: Gunny Bags £60, Twine £2, Boat Hooley hire £1 16s, with total charges £1 48s 25d.

The total was valued at Pagodas £1,336¼, with a further amount of Pagodas 712 33 6¼.

The account closed with the customary note “Errors excepted,” and was signed by Edward Croke, Accomptant, Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

384

378

At a consultation held on Thursday the 8th day of March 1749 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor
Capt. David Hunter Lt. Governor
Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last consultation was read, approved and signed.

This day arrived the Somerset, Capt. Tho. Tolson and the Pelham, Capt. George Lindsay, from China, which brought us the following supply, vizt:

Invoice of ship Somerset

CW No. 1
China Ware, 1 chest, contents as follows, vizt:
10 three-quart bowls coloured & gilt at 150 – 1,500
10 two-quart bowls blue & white at 130 – 1,300
10 one-quart bowls at 090 – 900
100 pint sneakers at 025 – 2,500
3 jugs & 3 basons at 080 – 2,100
30 teapots at 050 – 3,000
3 jugs & 3 basons coloured & gilt at 150 – 4,500

SC No. 10
Sugar Candy, 10 chests, weight 23.35 at 3½ per pecul – 17,600

S No. 10
Sugar, 10 chests, weight nett peculs 27.45 at 4½ per pecul – 12,770

B No. 1
Tea Bohea, 1 chest, weight nett peculs 11.91 at 16 per pecul – 10,980

S No. 2
Tea Singlo, 2 chests, weight nett 2.34 at 25 per pecul – 7,530

Total sales 388,430

Errors excepted
Henry Hadley
John Seale
Francis Jenkins
Francis Sumerowley
John Wood

At a consultation held at the Castle on Thursday the 8th of March 1749, the Governor, Charles Hutchinson Esq., Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of Council were present. The previous consultation was read, approved and signed.

That same day, two ships arrived from China - the Somerset, commanded by Captain Thomas Tolson, and the Pelham, commanded by Captain George Lindsay. These vessels brought a supply of goods for the Honourable Company, recorded as follows.

Invoice of ship Somerset, CW No. 1. China Ware - one chest containing ten three-quart bowls, coloured and gilt, valued at 150, amounting to 1,500; ten two-quart bowls, blue and white, at 130, amounting to 1,300; ten one-quart bowls at 90, amounting to 900; one hundred pint sneakers at 25, amounting to 2,500; three jugs and three basins at 80, amounting to 2,100; thirty teapots at 50, amounting to 3,000; and three jugs and three basins coloured and gilt at 150, amounting to 4,500.

SC No. 10 - Sugar Candy, ten chests weighing 23.35 peculs at 3½ per pecul, valued at 17,600.

S No. 10 - Sugar, ten chests, nett weight 27.45 peculs at 4½ per pecul, valued at 12,770.

B No. 1 - Tea Bohea, one chest weighing nett 11.91 peculs at 16 per pecul, valued at 10,980.

S No. 2 - Tea Singlo, two chests weighing nett 2.34 peculs at 25 per pecul, valued at 7,530.

The total value of these goods was 388,430.

The entry concluded with the customary note “Errors excepted,” and was signed by Henry Hadley, John Seale, Francis Jenkins, Francis Sumerowley, and John Wood.

385

379

Invoice of ship Pelham

CW No. 25
China Ware - 1 chest, 1 box, 3 tubs, vizt:
Basons & Jugs blue & white 6 pcs at 400 per 2 4
Teapots Do 30 at 030 per 1 5
Sneakers Do 100 at 025 per 2 5
Dishes & Plates 5 doz to a set Do 2 sets at 1800 per 3 6
Bowls 3 quarts coloured & gilt 6 at 400 each 2 4
Do 2 Do blue & white 12 at 130 per 1 6
Do 1 Do Do 12 at 090 per 1 8
Deduct 2 per cent for breakage 15 3

China ware total – 11 7 1

B No. 42
Tea Bohea, 2 chests, weight nett peculs 22 – 16,000 at 35 3 2

B No. 40
Tea Congou, 8 chests, 2 – 24,000 amount of sales 48

S No. 41
Tea Singlo, 4 tubs, 2 3 – 25,000 amount of sales 50 7 5

SC No. 10
Sugar Candy, 10 chests, weight nett peculs 24 91 – 5,100 amount of sales 5 1 4

S No. 16
Sugar, 16 chests, 43 44 – 1,000 amount of sales 173 7 6

Sum total of this invoice, which God prosper – Sales 157 2 8¼

Errors excepted
Thomas Lush
Thomas Lockwood
G. Adams
Thomas Fitzhugh

The Pelham, Captain George Lindsay, delivered a further supply of goods as detailed below.

Invoice of ship Pelham, CW No. 25.

China Ware - one chest, one box, and three tubs containing basins and jugs, blue and white, six pieces at 400 per pair, amounting to £2 4s. Teapots of the same style, thirty at 30 each, amounted to £1 5s. Sneakers, one hundred at 25 each, came to £2 5s. Dishes and plates, five dozen to a set, two sets at 1800 per set, amounted to £3 6s. Bowls, three-quart size, coloured and gilt, six at 400 each, amounted to £2 4s. Two-quart bowls, blue and white, twelve at 130 each, came to £1 6s. One-quart bowls, blue and white, twelve at 90 each, amounted to £1 8s. A deduction of two per cent was made for breakage, reducing the total to £11 7s 1d for the China Ware.

B No. 42 - Tea Bohea, two chests, nett weight 22 peculs, at 35 3 2, valued at £16,000.

B No. 40 - Tea Congou, eight chests, weight 24,000, amount of sales £48.

S No. 41 - Tea Singlo, four tubs, weight 25,000, amount of sales £50 7s 5d.

SC No. 10 - Sugar Candy, ten chests, nett weight 24.91 peculs at 5,100, amount of sales £5 1s 4d.

S No. 16 - Sugar, sixteen chests, weight 43.44, amount of sales £173 7s 6d.

The sum total of this invoice, concluded with the phrase “which God prosper,” amounted to £157 2s 8¼d.

The entry closed with the usual note “Errors excepted,” and was signed by Thomas Lush, Thomas Lockwood, G. Adams, and Thomas Fitzhugh.

386

380

Edward Nichols, Peter Spink, and James Hays, second, third, and fourth mates of the ship Chesterfield, represented to the Governor and Council that they were so reduced by sickness as to be quite incapable of any duty, requesting permission to remain on the island to recover their health. The Council informed Captain Carter of their request and asked in what condition these gentlemen were. Captain Carter then sent the following letter in response.

To the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson Esq., Governor, and the rest of the Council of St Helena

Sirs,

Mr Edward Nichols, Peter Spink, and James Hays, the second, third, and fourth mates of the ship Chesterfield under my command in the service of the Honourable East India Company, having represented to me that they are in a very sick and weak condition so that they are unable to continue the further prosecution of the voyage, I have consulted the surgeon of the said ship, who agrees with them as stated in the enclosed. This is to certify you that if it is agreeable for you to grant them leave to stay at this place for the recovery of their health, I am very willing, for the above reasons, to acquiesce with you in the same, and will further take care to leave them in a condition so that they shall be of no burden to the island.

I am, Sirs,
Your most obedient humble servant,
Ed. Carter

St Helena,
17 March 1749

At a consultation held on the island, Edward Nichols, Peter Spink, and James Hays, the second, third, and fourth mates of the Chesterfield, appealed to the Governor and Council. They explained that their health had been so severely impaired by sickness that they were now wholly unfit for service, and therefore requested permission to remain on St Helena to recover.

The Governor and Council, wishing to be informed of their condition, referred the matter to Captain Carter, commander of the Chesterfield. In response, Captain Carter sent a letter addressed to the Worshipful Charles Hutchinson Esq., Governor, and the rest of the Council of St Helena.

In his letter, Captain Carter stated that the three officers, being in a very weak and sickly state, were incapable of proceeding further on the voyage. He confirmed that he had consulted the ship’s surgeon, who agreed with the opinion of the men as expressed in the enclosed report. Captain Carter therefore certified that, should the Governor and Council consider it proper to allow them to remain on the island for recovery, he was entirely willing to consent, given their circumstances. He added that he would ensure they were left in a condition that would not make them a burden upon the island.

The letter concluded with his signature and the date:

“I am, Sirs, your most obedient humble servant,
Ed. Carter.
St Helena, 17 March 1749.”

387

381

To Captain Edwin Carter of the ship Chesterfield

Captain Carter

Sir,

Your second, third, and fourth officers, namely Mr Nichols, Mr Spink, and Mr Hays, being by long sickness and many infirmities rendered unfit for any kind of duty relative to their offices, I do believe that if they continue in the ship in the further prosecution of her voyage to England, their lives will be in great danger from the improbability of their recovery at sea. I therefore would recommend their stay at the island of St Helena as highly necessary to prolong their lives and obtain their health, if leave can be granted for that purpose.

I am, Sir,
Your most humble servant,
Jer. Roberts

St Helena,
March the 17th 1749

Upon considering the above case and circumstances, the Council consented to their remaining on the island until they were recovered and found an opportunity to proceed for England.

John Gould, a soldier whose contracted time was nearly expired, applied for permission to exchange places with Peter Eglestone, a discharged soldier from one of the Company’s settlements in India, who was willing to serve the Honourable Company as a soldier on the island for five years without receiving bounty money. The Council therefore discharged John Gould and enlisted Peter Eglestone in his place.

Charles Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

Jeremiah Roberts, surgeon of the Chesterfield, addressed a letter to Captain Edwin Carter concerning the state of health of the ship’s second, third, and fourth officers - Mr Nichols, Mr Spink, and Mr Hays.

In his letter, Roberts explained that the three men, being long afflicted by sickness and suffering from many infirmities, were entirely unfit for any duties connected with their offices. He expressed his belief that if they continued their voyage to England, their lives would be endangered owing to the near impossibility of recovery while at sea. He therefore strongly recommended that they be permitted to remain at St Helena, as this would offer the best chance to preserve their lives and restore their health, should permission be granted for that purpose.

The letter concluded:

“I am, Sir, your most humble servant,
Jer. Roberts.
St Helena, March the 17th 1749.”

After considering both the surgeon’s report and the circumstances described, the Governor and Council agreed that the three officers should be allowed to stay on the island until their recovery and until a suitable opportunity arose for them to return to England.

At the same meeting, John Gould, a soldier whose term of service was almost complete, requested permission to exchange his place with Peter Eglestone, a discharged soldier from one of the Company’s settlements in India. Eglestone had offered to enlist for five years’ service with the Honourable Company on the island without receiving any bounty money. The Council approved the exchange, granting Gould’s discharge and enlisting Eglestone in his stead.

The consultation was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

388

382

At a consultation held on Tuesday the 13th day of March 1749 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq., Governor
Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor
Lieutenant John Clark, of Council

The last consultation was read, approved, and signed.

Yesterday the 12th, John Searby, soldier, died.

Arrived - the Rhoda, Captain McNamara, from China.
Departed - the Doddington and Chesterfield for England.

The plantation gunners’ and stewards’ accounts for the month of February last were this day brought in, examined, approved, and are as follows.

At a consultation held at the Castle on Tuesday, the 13th of March 1749, there were present Charles Hutchinson Esq., Governor, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The minutes of the last consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on the previous day, the 12th of March, John Searby, a soldier of the garrison, had died.

The ship Rhoda, Captain McNamara, arrived from China, while the Doddington and the Chesterfield had sailed for England.

The plantation gunners’ and stewards’ accounts for the month of February were then presented, examined, and approved.

389

383

Account of the Honourable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &ca for the Month of February 1749

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Bullocks, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Shoats, Piggs, Total, Turkeys, Fowle, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining 1t: Bulls 3, Cows 94, Calves 107, Yearlings 31, Heifers 18, Steers 12, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 275, Ewes 100, Wathers 25, Lambs 71, Rams 4, Total 200, Ewes 93, Wathers 3, Kids 134, Rams 6, Total 232, Sows 5, Shoats 4, Piggs 26, Total 35, Turkeys 101, Fowle 203, Ducks 46, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 2, Total 10

Encreased: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 9, Yearlings 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 9, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 3, Rams 0, Total 3, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 20, Rams 0, Total 20, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowle 25, Ducks 8, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Bulls 3, Cows 94, Calves 116, Yearlings 31, Heifers 18, Steers 12, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 284, Ewes 100, Wathers 25, Lambs 74, Rams 4, Total 203, Ewes 93, Wathers 3, Kids 154, Rams 6, Total 252, Sows 5, Shoats 4, Piggs 26, Total 35, Turkeys 101, Fowle 228, Ducks 34, Geese 16, Horses 8, Mares 2, Total 10

Killed: Bulls 0, Cows 2, Calves 1, Yearlings 0, Heifers 4, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 7, Ewes 0, Wathers 4, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 4, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 3, Total 3, Turkeys 2, Fowle 26, Ducks 5, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Died: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearlings 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 1, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 1, Ewes 4, Wathers 2, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 6, Sows 0, Shoats 1, Piggs 1, Total 2, Turkeys 0, Fowle 26, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Killed by Dogs: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearlings 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 2, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 2, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 1, Piggs 3, Total 3, Turkeys 0, Fowle 23, Ducks 0, Geese 1, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Remaining 28: Bulls 3, Cows 92, Calves 115, Yearlings 31, Heifers 14, Steers 12, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 277, Ewes 97, Wathers 21, Lambs 74, Rams 4, Total 196, Ewes 89, Wathers 1, Kids 154, Rams 6, Total 246, Sows 5, Shoats 4, Piggs 22, Total 31, Turkeys 96, Fowle 170, Ducks 49, Geese 15, Horses 8, Mares 2, Total 10

Beef to his Majestys Ship Sheerness 247 lb

Do to the Durrington 560

Do to the Admiral Vernon 560

Yams Expended 32.000 lb

(Signed) David Hunter

The stock account for February 1750 recorded the Company's neat cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses month by movement, each class carried across the rows of remaining at the first, increased, killed, died, killed by dogs and remaining at the last.

Account of the Company's stock of neat cattle and the rest for the month of February 1750

Neat cattle: bulls, cows, calves, yearlings, heifers, steers, bullocks, oxen, total

Remaining 1st: 3 bulls, 94 cows, 107 calves, 31 yearlings, 18 heifers, 12 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 275 total

Increased: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 9 calves, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 9 total

Sub-total: 3 bulls, 94 cows, 116 calves, 31 yearlings, 18 heifers, 12 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 284 total

Killed: 0 bulls, 2 cows, 1 calf, 0 yearlings, 4 heifers, 0 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 7 total

Died: 0 all classes, 0 total

Remaining 28th: 3 bulls, 92 cows, 115 calves, 31 yearlings, 14 heifers, 12 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 277 total

Sheep: ewes, wethers, lambs, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 100 ewes, 25 wethers, 71 lambs, 4 rams, 200 total

Increased: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 3 lambs, 0 rams, 3 total

Sub-total: 100 ewes, 25 wethers, 74 lambs, 4 rams, 203 total

Died: 0 ewes, 4 wethers, 0 lambs, 0 rams, 4 total

Killed by dogs: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 0 lambs, 0 rams, 0 total

Remaining 28th: 97 ewes, 21 wethers, 74 lambs, 4 rams, 196 total

Goats: ewes, wethers, kids, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 93 ewes, 3 wethers, 134 kids, 6 rams, 232 total

Increased: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 20 kids, 0 rams, 20 total

Sub-total: 93 ewes, 3 wethers, 154 kids, 6 rams, 252 total

Died: 4 ewes, 2 wethers, 0 kids, 0 rams, 6 total

Killed by dogs: 0 all classes, 0 total

Remaining 28th: 89 ewes, 1 wether, 154 kids, 6 rams, 246 total

Hogs: sows, shoats, pigs, boars, total

Remaining 1st: 5 sows, 4 shoats, 26 pigs, 0 boars, 35 total

Sub-total: 5 sows, 4 shoats, 26 pigs, 0 boars, 35 total

Remaining 28th: 5 sows, 4 shoats, 22 pigs, 0 boars, 31 total

Poultry: turkeys, fowls, ducks, geese, total

Remaining 1st: 101 turkeys, 203 fowls, 46 ducks, 16 geese

Increased: 0 turkeys, 25 fowls, 8 ducks, 0 geese

Sub-total: 101 turkeys, 228 fowls, 54 ducks, 16 geese

Died: 0 turkeys, 26 fowls, 5 ducks, 0 geese

Killed by dogs: 0 turkeys, 23 fowls, 1 duck, 0 geese

Remaining 28th: 96 turkeys, 170 fowls, 49 ducks, 15 geese

Horses: horses, mares, total

Remaining 1st: 8 horses, 2 mares, 10 total

Remaining 28th: 8 horses, 2 mares, 10 total

Sundries:

Beef to His Majesty's ship Sheerness, 247 lb

Beef to the Dorrington, 560 lb

Beef to the Admiral Vernon, 560 lb

Yams expended: 32,000 lb

David Hunter signed the account. The Sheerness, the Dorrington and the Admiral Vernon each drew their beef from the herd.

Interpretations

The herd was drawn on hard through February as the shipping crowded the road, near fourteen hundred pounds of beef supplied between His Majesty's ship Sheerness, the Dorrington and the Admiral Vernon, and seven cattle killed against nine calves born. The killing fell on two cows, four heifers and a calf, cutting into the breeding stock at last as the demand pressed, the herd falling from 275 to 277 only because the calving nearly kept pace, the whole month marking the return of the heavy victualling that the empty winter had suspended, the ships of the new season and the King's frigate all provisioning at once.

The poultry was cut sharply by disease and dogs, forty-nine fowls and ducks dead or carried off in the month, the flock falling from its winter peak as the losses mounted. The fowls suffered worst, twenty-six dead and twenty-three taken by dogs, the recurring plague of the island's poultry that ran through the whole record, the birds bred up through the quiet season now thinned by the same sickness and the same marauding dogs that the settlement could never wholly master, the loss entered plainly among the increase and the beef supplied to the fleet.

390

384

13 March

Gunners Stores Expended in Feb 1749

Guns Fired, 9 pr, 6 pr, 4 pr, 3 pr, 2 pr, 1 pr, Powder Expended

the day of the Month

3 A Double Alarm: 9 Guns Fired, 6 6 pr, 3 Powder Expended, 19½ Powder Expended

Do Arrived his Majestys Ship Sheerness & ye Durrington & pquett fall: 22 Guns Fired, 22 4 pr, 22 Powder Expended

Do Fired for the Capt of the Sheerness comeing on Shore: 13 Guns Fired, 13 3 pr, 13 Powder Expended

6 Fired for the Capt of the Sheerness going on board: 13 Guns Fired, 13 3 pr, 13 Powder Expended

Do Departed his Majestys Ship the Sheerness: 13 Guns Fired, 13 3 pr, 13 Powder Expended

8 Departed the Royal George Capt Field: 9 Guns Fired, 9 9 pr, 9 Powder Expended

Do Alarm for a Ship that went by: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 pr, 2 13 Powder Expended

9 Alarm: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 pr, 2 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived his Majestys Ship the Harwich: 13 Guns Fired, 13 3 pr, 13 Powder Expended

Do Fired for two Capt of his Majestys Ships comeing on Shore: 26 Guns Fired, 2 9 pr, 2 6 pr, 1 4 pr, 12 3 pr, 3 2 pr, 57 Powder Expended

10 Alarm: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 pr, 2 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived his Majestys Ship the Deptford: 13 Guns Fired, 13 3 pr, 13 Powder Expended

Do A Double Alarm: 13 Guns Fired, 12 6 pr, 3 39 Powder Expended

11 Arrived Admiral Boscawen: 17 Guns Fired, 17 9 pr, 17 Powder Expended

Do Fired for Admiral Boscawens comeing on Shore: 17 Guns Fired, 17 9 pr, 17 Powder Expended

Do Fired for his coming into the Castle: 17 Guns Fired, 17 9 pr, 17 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Admiral Vernon Capt Cooke: 9 Guns Fired, 9 9 pr, 9 Powder Expended

12 Fired for a Capt of his Majestys Ship comeing on Shore: 13 Guns Fired, 13 3 pr, 13 Powder Expended

13 Fired for a Capt of his Majestys Ships comeing on Shore: 13 Guns Fired, 13 3 pr, 13 Powder Expended

Do Fired for a Capt of his Majestys Ships comeing on Shore: 13 Guns Fired, 13 3 pr, 13 Powder Expended

Do Fired for a Capt of his Majestys Ships comeing on Shore: 13 Guns Fired, 13 3 pr, 13 Powder Expended

Do Fired for Admiral Boscawens going out of the Castle: 17 Guns Fired, 6 9 pr, 11 3 pr, 13 Powder Expended

Do Fired for his going on Board: 17 Guns Fired, 17 9 pr, 17 Powder Expended

Do Departed Admiral Boscawen: 17 Guns Fired, 17 9 pr, 17 Powder Expended

17 Departed the Durrington Capt Crabb: 9 Guns Fired, 9 9 pr, 9 Powder Expended

18 Alarm for a Ship that went by: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 pr, 2 13 Powder Expended

22 A Double Alarm for four Ships that went by: 13 Guns Fired, 10 6 pr, 3 33 Powder Expended

23 Departed the Admiral Vernon Capt Cooke: 9 Guns Fired, 9 9 pr, 9 Powder Expended

Powder to the Stone Blaster: 7 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at the Main Fort: 12 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at Bankses: 3 Powder Expended

Powder for Signals: 2 Powder Expended

Total: 361 Guns Fired, 6 9 pr, 2 6 pr, 46 4 pr, 1 3 pr, 282 2 pr, 20 1 pr, 537½ Powder Expended

Match burnt at the Main Fort

2½

Sheep Skins for a repair to the Spunges

1

Spunge Staff broke at the Main Fort

1 Quire

Paper for the use of the Castle

1 Quire

Paper for making of Cartridges

1 Quire

(Signed)

John French

Sundrys

The gunner's stores expended in February 1750 recorded the powder fired at the many alarms, salutes and ceremonies as the crowded shipping and Admiral Boscawen's squadron came and went, totalling 537.5 lb, with the materials for repairing the guns. The consultation is here dated 13 March.

Gunner's stores expended, February 1750, under the columns guns fired, nine-pounders, four-pounders, three-pounders, two-pounders and powder expended

5 February, a double alarm, 9 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 6 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 3 two-pounders, 19.5 lb powder

5 February, arrived His Majesty's ship Sheerness and fired during Sunday service, 22 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 22 two-pounders, 22 lb powder

6 February, fired for the captain of the Sheerness coming ashore, 13 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 13 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

6 February, fired for the captain of the Sheerness going on board, 13 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 13 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

6 February, departed His Majesty's ship the Sheerness, 13 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 13 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

8 February, departed the Royal George, Captain Field, 9 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 9 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 9 lb powder

8 February, alarm for a ship that went by, 6 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

9 February, alarm, 6 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

9 February, arrived His Majesty's ship the Nanwich, 13 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 13 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

9 February, fired for two captains of His Majesty's ships coming ashore, 26 guns fired, 2 nine-pounders, 2 four-pounders, 1 three-pounder, 12 two-pounders, 33.5 lb powder

10 February, alarm, 6 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

10 February, arrived His Majesty's ship the Deptford, 13 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 13 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

10 February, a double alarm, 13 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 12 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 3 two-pounders, 39 lb powder

11 February, arrived Admiral Boscawen, 17 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 17 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 17 lb powder

11 February, fired for Admiral Boscawen coming ashore, 17 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 17 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 17 lb powder

11 February, fired for his coming into the castle, 17 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 17 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 17 lb powder

11 February, arrived the Admiral Vernon, Captain Cooke, 9 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 9 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 9 lb powder

12 February, fired for a captain of His Majesty's ship coming ashore, 13 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 13 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

13 February, fired for a captain of His Majesty's ships coming ashore, 13 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 13 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

13 February, fired for a captain of His Majesty's ships coming ashore, 13 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 13 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

13 February, fired for a captain of His Majesty's ship coming ashore, 13 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 13 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

13 February, fired for Admiral Boscawen's going out of the castle, 17 guns fired, 6 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 13 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

13 February, fired for his going on board, 17 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 17 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 17 lb powder

13 February, departed Admiral Boscawen, 17 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 17 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 17 lb powder

17 February, departed the Dorrington, Captain Crabb, 9 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 9 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 9 lb powder

18 February, alarm for a ship that went by, 6 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 13 lb powder

22 February, a double alarm for four ships that went by, 13 guns fired, 10 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 33 lb powder

23 February, departed the Admiral Vernon, Captain Cooke, 9 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 9 three-pounders, 0 two-pounders, 9 lb powder

Powder to the stone blaster, 0 guns fired, 7 lb powder

Powder for priming at the main fort, 0 guns fired, 12 lb powder

Powder for priming at Banks's, 0 guns fired, 3 lb powder

Powder for signals, 0 guns fired, 2 lb powder

Total, 362 guns fired, 6 nine-pounders, 46 four-pounders, 1 three-pounder, 282 two-pounders, 537.5 lb powder

The following stores were also expended.

Match burnt at the main fort, 21 lb

Sheepskins for repairing the sponges, 1

Sponge staves broke at the main fort, 1

Paper for the use of the castle, 1 quire

Paper for making of cartridges, 1 quire

The signature of John French was entered against the account.

Interpretations

The powder of February leapt to over five hundred and thirty pounds, near eight times the January return and by far the heaviest month of the whole run, spent almost wholly on the salutes and alarms of Admiral Boscawen's squadron and the crowded homeward shipping. The King's ships drew a ceremony the Company's rarely did, seventeen guns to the Admiral on his arrival, again on his coming ashore and into the castle, and again on his going out and aboard, and thirteen to each captain who landed, the whole month a near-continuous firing as the men-of-war came and went, the store's powder poured out on the honours due to a homeward admiral in a way no ordinary season demanded.

The distinct treatment of the naval visit against the Company's own shipping shows how far the settlement stretched its ceremony for the King's service. The salute to a Company captain was the nine guns fired to the Royal George on her departure, but each naval captain drew thirteen and the Admiral seventeen at every movement, the graded honours marking the difference between the Company's own commanders and the officers of the Crown. The island, a commercial station, kept and spent the powder to render the navy its full military compliment, the passing of Boscawen's squadron the great event of the season and the heaviest single charge the gunner's account had carried in the whole record.

391

385

1749

Sundrys Expended in the Castle in the Month of February

1749 Vizt

18 Bottles Port Wine

1 7

45 Do Lisbon

3 7 6

27 Do Madeira

2 17 11½

50 Do Goa Arrack

17 8½

49 Do Brandy

1 13 8½

57 Do Beer

14 6

116 Mutton

3 10

303½ fresh Beef

3 17 1½

122 Goat

2 8

65 Veal

1 12 6

271 Flour

1 16 8½

3 Pigs

15

5 Ducks

7 6

28 Fowls

2 2

2 Turkeys

10

57½ Butter

2 11 6

4 pr Salt Pork

8

80 Candy

1 3 4

£ 31 3 6

Lieutenant John Clark reports that he has been on

board the Ships Somerset & Pelham to Muster their Companys and

Enquire for Deserters but found none their Muster Rolls are as

follows Vizt

The steward's account recorded the sundries expended at the castle general table in February 1750, running through the wines, spirits, provisions and groceries to a total of £31 3s 6d, after which Lieutenant John Clark reported on his muster of two ships.

Sundries expended in the castle in the month of February 1750

18 bottles port wine, £1 7s 0d

15 bottles lisbon, £3 7s 0d

27 bottles madeira, £2 17s 11.5d

50 bottles Goa arrack, £0 17s 8d

19 bottles brandy, £1 13s 8.5d

53 bottles beer, £0 14s 6d

116 lb mutton, £3 0s 10d

303.5 lb fresh beef, £3 17s 1.5d

122 lb goat, £2 0s 8d

65 lb veal, £1 12s 6d

271 lb flour, £1 16s 8.5d

3 pigs, £0 15s 0d

5 ducks, £0 7s 6d

28 fowls, £2 2s 0d

2 turkeys, £0 10s 0d

57.5 lb butter, £2 11s 0d

4 pieces salt pork, £0 8s 0d

80 lb candy, £1 3s 4d

Total, £31 3s 6d

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had been aboard the Somerset and Pelham to muster their companies and enquire for deserters, but found none. Their muster rolls followed.

Interpretations

The castle sundries rose in February to over £31, the heaviest table of the winter, the crowded shipping and the entertainment of Admiral Boscawen and the many naval and Company captains drawing more freely on the wine, spirits and fresh meat than the quiet months before. The fifty bottles of Goa arrack and the fuller run of madeira, beer and brandy mark the hospitality the castle extended to the officers who came ashore during the busy fortnight, the general table stretched to feast the visitors of a busy season, the cost reckoned line by line as the road filled and the governor kept open house for the fleet.

392

386

Muster Roll of Ship Somerset

Tho. Tolson Commander
Mr Tho. Alcock 1st Mate
Mr Willm Shears 2d Do
Mr Richd Walpole 3d Do
Mr Herault Thonner 4th Do
Mr Alexandr Champion 5th Do
Mr Isaac Muir Surgeon
Sam. Smith Carpenter
Stephen Wilson Boatswain
James Walker Gunner
Sam. Stockton Caulker
Joseph Corbett Cooper
Char. Coomer Sailmaker
Wm Rae Ships Steward
Wm Goodwin Capt’s Do
John Tuford Boatsw. Mate
Edwd Sharrow Capt’s 1st Mate
Edwd Nichols 2d Do
Ja. Mitchell Kings Do
Rd Holtham Capt’s Do
Davd Kent Boats Do
Sam. Nichols Gunr 2d Do
Ja. Hammon Caulker’s Do
John Cook Butchers Do
Fred Wall Armourer
John Rowe Do
Robt Atkinson Quarter Master
Danl Farley Master’s Do
Norman Campbell Do
Jn. Sedgwick Do
Ph. Player Instruments Do
Hen. Southwood Do
Jn. Carmichael Barber

Marco Guerion Seaman
Paul Shields Do
Tho. Kent Do
Wm Annon Do
Wm Bolton Do
Robt Frazier Do
Andw Baxter Do
Edwd Clethes Do
Sampson Antonio Do
Edwd Furness Do
Edwd Nichols Do
John Paul Do
Tho. Furguon Do
Ja. Smart Do
Ja. Hoar Do
Com. Jamison Carpenter’s Do
Wm Godin Do
Wm Fry Do
John Thompson Do
Sam. Penrose Do
Jacob Hanson Do
Nick Wayle Do
Robt Julie Do
Jacob Manarto Do
Hen. Woodfield Do
Cha. Johnson Do
John Sean Do
Walter Duncanson Do
Tho. Simmons Do
Nick Pearson Do
Robt Castle Do
Peter Hutton Do
Wm Webster Do

David Browne Seaman
Jerry Black Do
Adam Nicholson Do
Wm Scot Do
Sanni Mick Reason Do
Peter Marling Do
Robt Yelloby Do
Tho. Malpole Do
Tho. Smith Do
James Anderson Do
Andw Ross Do
Robt Leach Do
Andw Gaddice Do
Solom Mickelson Do
Alex Kerran Do
Robt Powell Do
John Lofty Do
Richd Palmer Do
Fred. Williams Do
John Dunnovan Do
Marco Veal Do
Robt Lascelles Do
Robt Johnson Do
Wm Adey Do
Tho. Morgan Do
Law Berrows Do
Robt Read Capt’s Servant
Wm 13 Board Mates Do
Henry Munday 2d Do
Jn. Atkinson Kings Do
Tho. Randall Capt’s Do
Ja. Hannon Boats Do
John Gummond Gunr’s Do

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had gone on board the Somerset to carry out the formal muster of her company and to determine whether any deserters were among the crew, but he found none.

The Somerset was commanded by Captain Thomas Tolson. Her officers were recorded as Thomas Alcock, first mate; William Shears, second mate; Richard Walpole, third mate; Herault Thonner, fourth mate; Alexander Champion, fifth mate; and Isaac Muir, surgeon. The carpenter was Samuel Smith, the boatswain Stephen Wilson, the gunner James Walker, the caulker Samuel Stockton, the cooper Joseph Corbett, the sailmaker Charles Coomer, and the ship’s steward William Rae. William Goodwin acted as captain’s steward.

Among the subordinate officers and mates were John Tuford, boatswain’s mate; Edward Sharrow, captain’s first mate; Edward Nichols, second mate; James Mitchell, King’s mate; Richard Holtham, captain’s mate; David Kent, boatswain’s mate; Samuel Nichols, gunner’s second mate; James Hammon, caulker’s mate; and John Cook, butcher’s mate. Frederick Wall and John Rowe were listed as armourers. Robert Atkinson, Daniel Farley, Norman Campbell, John Sedgwick, Philip Player, and Henry Southwood served as quartermasters or mates, while John Carmichael was the ship’s barber.

The seamen included Marco Guerion, Paul Shields, Thomas Kent, William Annon, William Bolton, Robert Frazier, Andrew Baxter, Edward Clethes, Sampson Antonio, Edward Furness, Edward Nichols, John Paul, Thomas Furguson, James Smart, James Hoar, Cornelius Jamison, William Godin, William Fry, John Thompson, Samuel Penrose, Jacob Hanson, Nicholas Wayle, Robert Julie, Jacob Manarto, Henry Woodfield, Charles Johnson, John Sean, Walter Duncanson, Thomas Simmons, Nicholas Pearson, Robert Castle, Peter Hutton, and William Webster. Also listed were David Browne, Jerry Black, Adam Nicholson, William Scott, Sanni Mick Reason, Peter Marling, Robert Yelloby, Thomas Malpole, Thomas Smith, James Anderson, Andrew Ross, Robert Leach, Andrew Gaddice, Solomon Mickelson, Alexander Kerran, Robert Powell, John Lofty, Richard Palmer, Frederick Williams, John Dunnovan, Marco Veal, Robert Lascelles, Robert Johnson, William Adey, Thomas Morgan, and Lawrence Berrows.

The servants and assistants were Robert Read, captain’s servant; William Board, mate’s servant; Henry Munday, second mate’s servant; John Atkinson, King’s servant; Thomas Randall, captain’s servant; James Hannon, boatswain’s servant; and John Gummond, gunner’s servant.

393

387

Muster Roll of Ship Pelham

George Lindsay Commander
Ralph Underdown 1st Mate
Henry Mason 2d Do
Francis Tye 3d Do
Cha. Carnegy 4th Do
Tho. Shearson 5th Do
Ja. Solly 6th Do
John Simson Surgeon
Ja. Williamson Purser
Robt Keene Boatswain
Cha. Wood Gunner
Ja. Lilley Carpenter
Tho. Clark Quartermaster
John Stile Do
Geo. Boomer Do
Andw Fraser Do
Matw Bath Coxswain
John Lyndon Midshipmn
Ja. Lindsay Do
Fran. Roberts Do
John Allen Do
Robt Lunden Cooper
David Kinnell Sailmaker
Wm Bale Armourer
Jn. Commons Gunr’s Mate
Jn. English Carpt’s Do
Tho. Harding Cooper’s Do
Geo. Dutton Capt’s Cook
Tho. Power Capt’s Steward
Pathk. Noble Ships Cook
Hen. Andrews Ships Mate
Tho. Fowler Caulker

Wm Bullock Caulker’s Mate
Cha. Batt Boats Mate
Edwd Power Seaman
Wm Holt Do
Ja. Drybrough Do
John Pritchard Do
Jos. Hazard Do
Robt Graham Do
Ja. Baton Do
John Leach Do
Tho. Benn Ship’s Steward
John Carey Seaman
Tho. Charles Do
John M. Laughton Do
John Brace Do
Wm Miller Do
John Bear Do
Rd Kimber Do
John Burn Do
John Hatton Do
Robt Williamson Do
Robt Martin Do
John Mortimore Do
Tim Buckley Do
Dav. Rowley Do
John Miller Do
Pat Moran Do
Cha. Carty Do
John Bidwell Do
Hen. Longreen Do
Danl Keith Do
Wm Brooks Do

Robt M. Emme Seaman
Wm Oliphant Do
Dav. Kinlock Do
Fredk. Sleck Do
Danl Driscal Do
Peter Reed Do
Robt Edward Do
Wm Brewer Do
Jonas Schouburgh Do
Wm. Knowles Do
Cha. Elph Do
Geo. Deventes Do
Tho. Betterton Do
Ja. Malcom Do
Benjn. Cox Do
Robt Balfour Do
Wm Brass Do
Walt. Vandon Heiden Do
Lewis Solomon Do
Pat Mallard Do
Row Purnel Capt’s Servt
Tho. Symes Do
Ja. Lauch Mate’s Servt
Tho. Coulton 2d Mate’s Do
Ja. Broad Boats Do
Barnard Dye Gunr’s Do
David Miller Gunr’s Do
Barth. Mathews Carpt’s Do
Randolph Barrow Seaman
Tho. Clapsen Do
John Tomlin Do
Danl Dermed Do
Mr John Quin Passenger

Lieutenant John Clark also presented the muster roll of the Pelham, commanded by Captain George Lindsay.

The ship’s officers were recorded as George Lindsay, commander; Ralph Underdown, first mate; Henry Mason, second mate; Francis Tye, third mate; Charles Carnegy, fourth mate; Thomas Shearson, fifth mate; James Solly, sixth mate; John Simson, surgeon; and James Williamson, purser. The principal warrant officers were Robert Keene, boatswain; Charles Wood, gunner; James Lilley, carpenter; Thomas Clark, John Stile, George Boomer, and Andrew Fraser, quartermasters; and Matthew Bath, coxswain.

The midshipmen were John Lyndon, James Lindsay, Francis Roberts, and John Allen. Robert Lunden served as cooper, David Kinnell as sailmaker, and William Bale as armourer. John Commons was gunner’s mate, John English carpenter’s mate, and Thomas Harding cooper’s mate. The ship’s cooks were George Dutton, captain’s cook; Patrick Noble, ship’s cook; and Henry Andrews, ship’s mate. Thomas Power was captain’s steward, Thomas Fowler the caulker, and William Bullock the caulker’s mate. Charles Batt was boatswain’s mate.

The seamen were Edward Power, William Holt, James Drybrough, John Pritchard, Joseph Hazard, Robert Graham, James Baton, John Leach, Thomas Benn (ship’s steward), John Carey, Thomas Charles, John M. Laughton, John Brace, William Miller, John Bear, Richard Kimber, John Burn, John Hatton, Robert Williamson, Robert Martin, John Mortimore, Timothy Buckley, David Rowley, John Miller, Patrick Moran, Charles Carty, John Bidwell, Henry Longreen, Daniel Keith, William Brooks, Robert McEmme, William Oliphant, David Kinlock, Frederick Sleck, Daniel Driscal, Peter Reed, Robert Edward, William Brewer, Jonas Schouburgh, William Knowles, Charles Elph, George Deventes, Thomas Betterton, James Malcom, Benjamin Cox, Robert Balfour, William Brass, Walter Vandon Heiden, Lewis Solomon, Patrick Mallard, Randolph Barrow, Thomas Clapsen, John Tomlin, and Daniel Dermed.

The servants included Rowe Purnel and Thomas Symes, captain’s servants; James Lauch, mate’s servant; Thomas Coulton, second mate’s servant; James Broad, boatswain’s servant; Barnard Dye and David Miller, gunner’s servants; and Bartholomew Mathews, carpenter’s servant. The passenger listed was Mr John Quin.

394

388

John Bray, a soldier, petitioned for his discharge from the garrison, having served the Honourable Company his contracted time, which was granted.

The Storekeeper brought in the following account of short delivery:

Received from ship Chesterfield three leagers [large casks] of arrack, which gauged as follows:

No. 1 – 45 gallons, wanted to fill 2½ gallons
No. 2 – 45 gallons, wanted to fill 2½ gallons
No. 3 – 45 gallons, wanted to fill 2 gallons

Total 135 gallons; short 7 gallons.
Received 128 gallons.

Signed M. Purling Storekeeper.
Dated March 12 1749.

There being a probability of a scarcity of yams this year, it was thought proper to purchase from Captain George Lindsay 26 ½ peculs of rice at 10 shillings per hundred for the use of the Honourable Company’s slaves.

John Bray, one of the Honourable Company’s soldiers, requested his discharge from the garrison, stating that he had completed his contracted term of service. The Council granted his request.

The Storekeeper, Matthew Purling, submitted an account showing a short delivery in a consignment of arrack received from the Chesterfield. Three leagers [large casks] were delivered, which measured as follows: the first contained 45 gallons and was short by 2½ gallons; the second contained 45 gallons and was short by 2½ gallons; and the third contained 45 gallons and was short by 2 gallons. The total expected quantity was therefore 135 gallons, but only 128 gallons were received, making a deficiency of 7 gallons. The account was signed by Matthew Purling, Storekeeper, and dated 12 March 1749.

As there appeared to be a risk of yam shortage during the year, the Council decided that it would be prudent to purchase from Captain George Lindsay a supply of 26½ peculs of rice at the price of ten shillings per hundredweight, to be used for feeding the Honourable Company’s slaves.

395

389

They also bought from Captain George Lindsay a piece of timber, containing 54 feet in length, to make a flagstaff at the fort, the present one being very much decayed, for which they paid him seven pounds.

Signed
Cha. Hutchinson
Dav. Hunter
John Clark

At a consultation held on Monday the 19th day of March 1749 at the Castle.

Present: Charles Hutchinson Esquire Governor, Captain David Hunter Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of Council.

The last consultation was read, approved, and signed.

Thursday the 16th arrived the Delaware, Captain William Stevens, from China.
Saturday the 17th arrived the Edgecote, Captain John Pearce, from China.

Enlisted on Wednesday the 15th instant, Philip Cole and Christopher Whisland to serve the Honourable Company as soldiers for five years at £5 each bounty money.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had been on board the ships Delaware, Rhoda, and Edgecote to muster their companies, enquire for deserters, but found none. Their muster rolls were as follows.

The Council also authorised the purchase from Captain George Lindsay of a piece of timber measuring fifty-four feet in length, intended for use as a new flagstaff at the fort, as the existing one had become badly decayed. The agreed payment for this timber was seven pounds.

Signed: Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

At a consultation held on Monday the nineteenth day of March 1749 at the Castle, the Governor, Charles Hutchinson, Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clark of Council were present.

The record of the previous consultation was read, approved, and signed.

On Thursday the sixteenth, the Delaware, commanded by Captain William Stevens, arrived from China. On Saturday the seventeenth, the Edgecote, Captain John Pearce, also arrived from China.

On Wednesday the fifteenth, Philip Cole and Christopher Whisland were enlisted to serve the Honourable Company as soldiers for a period of five years, each receiving bounty money of five pounds.

Lieutenant John Clark then reported that he had boarded the Delaware, Rhoda, and Edgecote to carry out muster of their crews and to check for deserters, but none were found. The muster rolls of these ships were as follows.

396

390

Muster Roll of Ship Delaware

Wm. Stevens Commander
Tho. Moulton 1st Mate
George Johnson 2d Do
Tho. Page 3d Do
William Green 4th Do
Thomas Gilling 5th Do
William Neal Surgeon
West Hope Purser
David Samson Boatswain
Wm. Hobson Gunner
Thomas Bennet Carpenter
Wm. Walton Ship’s Cook
Michael Jackson Midshipman
Nick Stacey Do
Wm. Reevon Do
John McDaniell Do
Allen Simmonds Seaman
John Jones Ship’s Steward
John Loyall Armourer
Abraham Dickers Surgeon's Mate
Jn. Brander Armourer Do
Jn. Goldsworthy Capt’s Do
Robt. Taylor Gunr’s Do
Geo. Bomar Caulker
Adam Goodman Ship’s Cook
John Godfrey Sailmaker
John Stacey Butcher
Daniel Stokes Poulterer
Geo. Rothere Quartermaster
James Hervey Do
John Gold Do

Wm. Poppler Quartermaster
Tho. Sanders Do
John Ormer Capt’s Cook
Tho. Fleming Seaman
Rich. Christopher Do
Douglas Thompson Do
Danl. Pierson Do
Peter Farrell Do
Patk. Wheelen Do
Alex. Jones Do
Jarvis Folger Do
Jeremiah Barker Do
Robt. Dunn Do
Henry Ford Do
John Murnay Do
Hugh Squires Do
Wm. Laybank Do
John Hagger Do
George Batty Do
Wm. Jamieson Do
John Supple Do
Geo. Oviate Do
John Franks Do
Wm. Knight Do
Con. Duggey Do
Paul Johnson Do
Andw. Blomberry Do
Alex. Henderson Do
John Noble Do
Jos. Hooper Do
Wm. Carney Do

John Pritchard Seaman
Harvey Hamon Do
Tho. Early Do
Andrew Alms Do
Tho. Smith Do
Wm. King Do
John Muilty Do
Alex. Wilson Do
Fredk. Hendrick Do
Peter Anthony Do
Jo. de Long Do
Wm. Madge Do
Sam. Smith Do
Tho. Younger Do
Jn. Carberry Do
Nick. Richmond Do
John Kennedy Do
Tho. Popplar Do
Jos. Downington Do
Wm. Sermon Do
John Jones Linguister
Wm. Geo. Mandants
Mr. John Gooders Supercargo
The French Officers and Seamen
Mr. Wm. McIllegue
Mr. Allie Lent
Mr. Luca Fanchio
Mr. Pies Normond
Mr. Michl. Jos. Goremow
Mr. Jos. Bordiear

Lieutenant John Clark submitted the muster roll of the Delaware, commanded by Captain William Stevens.

The officers of the ship were listed as William Stevens, commander; Thomas Moulton, first mate; George Johnson, second mate; Thomas Page, third mate; William Green, fourth mate; Thomas Gilling, fifth mate; and William Neal, surgeon. West Hope served as purser.

The warrant officers and tradesmen included David Samson, boatswain; William Hobson, gunner; Thomas Bennet, carpenter; and William Walton, ship’s cook. The midshipmen were Michael Jackson, Nicholas Stacey, William Reevon, and John McDaniell. Among other crew members were Allen Simmonds, seaman; John Jones, ship’s steward; John Loyall, armourer; Abraham Dickers, surgeon’s mate; John Brander, assistant armourer; and John Goldsworthy, captain’s servant. Robert Taylor was gunner’s servant, George Bomar caulker, Adam Goodman ship’s cook, John Godfrey sailmaker, John Stacey butcher, and Daniel Stokes poulterer.

The quartermasters were George Rothere, James Hervey, John Gold, William Poppler, and Thomas Sanders. John Ormer served as captain’s cook.

The seamen included Thomas Fleming, Richard Christopher, Douglas Thompson, Daniel Pierson, Peter Farrell, Patrick Wheelen, Alexander Jones, Jarvis Folger, Jeremiah Barker, Robert Dunn, Henry Ford, John Murnay, Hugh Squires, William Laybank, John Hagger, George Batty, William Jamieson, John Supple, George Oviate, John Franks, William Knight, Cornelius Duggey, Paul Johnson, Andrew Blomberry, Alexander Henderson, John Noble, Joseph Hooper, and William Carney. Others included John Pritchard, Harvey Hamon, Thomas Early, Andrew Alms, Thomas Smith, William King, John Muilty, Alexander Wilson, Frederick Hendrick, Peter Anthony, Joseph de Long, William Madge, Samuel Smith, Thomas Younger, John Carberry, Nicholas Richmond, John Kennedy, Thomas Popplar, Joseph Downington, and William Sermon.

John Jones was listed as linguist [interpreter], and William George Mandants as an officer of uncertain role. The ship’s supercargo was Mr John Gooders.

In addition, several French officers and seamen were recorded: Mr William McIllegue, Mr Allie Lent, Mr Luca Fanchio, Mr Pies Normond, Mr Michael Joseph Goremow, and Mr Joseph Bordiear.

397

391

Muster Roll of Ship Rhoda

Jno. McNamara Commander
Sam. Harangham 1st Mate
Sam. Stokes 2d Do
Ja. Sewell 3d Do
Sam. Jones 4th Do
Ja. Harangham 5th Do
Tim. Dring 6th Do
Andw. Johnstone Surgeon
Jonn. Copplestone Carpenter
Paul Derbyshire Boatswain
Edw. Guy Gunner
Isa. Shaw Purser
Robt. Hopkins
Hallat Jarmden
Robt. Hosford
Matw. Daly
Edw. Morris
Rich. Manlove
Fran. Segano
Ja. Atkin
John Abrey Quartermaster
John Taylor
Hen. Marlbrok
Robt. Bennett Gunner’s Mate
Benj. Burges Ship’s Cook
Sam. Billingsley
Jno. Mackey Capt’s Cook

Geo. Hais Ship’s Cook
Ja. Baker Sailmaker
Wm. Skinn Caulker
Matt. Brockett Cooper
John Fall Armourer
Henry Newsted Butcher
John Hasker Joyner
Peter Calandar Capt’s Taylor
Tho. Whaghorn Barber
Tho. Cooper Boat’s Mate
Sam. Ruff Do
John Penney Capt’s Do
John Spinner Gunr’s Do
John Thompson Caulker’s Do
Tho. Kelley Capt’s Cook
Robt. Hooper Capt’s Servant
Cha. Lillstone Do
Isaac Reid Do
Benj. Hill Mate’s Do
Ja. Johnstone Surg’s Do
David Taylor Boat’s Do
Anth. Guy Gunr’s Do
John Smith Seaman
Wm. Lemley Do
Ja. Roche Do
Edw. Brock Do
John Lynch Do

Rob. Maples Seaman
John Lawson Do
John Boden Do
Charles Aman Do
Neale Danguen Do
Erick Rasem Do
Derick Peterson Do
Lars Tinning Do
Will. West Do
Rob. Rookesby Do
John Bates Do
Rich. Allwright Do
Garret Johnson Do
Hend. Muder Do
Booy Jacobson Do
Housant Bullwinkel Do
Wm. Carkey Do
Peter Jackson Do
John Smith Do
Tho. North Do
Rich. Chappell Do
Edw. Auchin Do
Robt. Salliant Do
Tho. Reyner Do
Mark Angel Do
Sam. Clarke Do
Rich. Wilson Do

Louis Bourgeou
George Bousfee
Nectar Solo
Francis Richard
John Sun
Simon Borroy
Ralph Shadra
Daniel Hendrick
Otto John Fultinown

Lieutenant John Clark recorded the muster roll of the Rhoda, commanded by Captain John McNamara.

The officers of the ship were John McNamara, commander; Samuel Harangham, first mate; Samuel Stokes, second mate; James Sewell, third mate; Samuel Jones, fourth mate; James Harangham, fifth mate; and Timothy Dring, sixth mate. The ship’s surgeon was Andrew Johnstone, the carpenter John Copplestone, the boatswain Paul Derbyshire, the gunner Edward Guy, and the purser Isaac Shaw.

Among the crew were Robert Hopkins, Hallat Jarmden, Robert Hosford, Matthew Daly, Edward Morris, Richard Manlove, Francis Segano, and James Atkin. John Abrey served as quartermaster with John Taylor and Henry Marlbrok assisting in that duty. Robert Bennett was gunner’s mate. The ship’s cook was Benjamin Burges, assisted by Samuel Billingsley. John Mackey acted as captain’s cook, while George Hais served as ship’s cook. James Baker was sailmaker, William Skinn caulker, Matthew Brockett cooper, John Fall armourer, Henry Newsted butcher, John Hasker joiner, Peter Calandar captain’s tailor, and Thomas Whaghorn barber.

The boatswain’s mates were Thomas Cooper and Samuel Ruff, with John Penney as captain’s boatswain. John Spinner was gunner’s servant, John Thompson caulker’s servant, and Thomas Kelley captain’s cook. Robert Hooper, Charles Lillstone, and Isaac Reid were captain’s servants; Benjamin Hill was mate’s servant; James Johnstone surgeon’s servant; David Taylor boatswain’s servant; and Anthony Guy gunner’s servant.

The seamen included John Smith, William Lemley, James Roche, Edward Brock, John Lynch, and Robert Maples. Others were John Lawson, John Boden, Charles Aman, Neale Danguen, Erick Rasem, Derick Peterson, Lars Tinning, William West, Robert Rookesby, John Bates, Richard Allwright, Garret Johnson, Hendrick Muder, Booy Jacobson, Housant Bullwinkel, William Carkey, Peter Jackson, John Smith, Thomas North, Richard Chappell, Edward Auchin, Robert Salliant, Thomas Reyner, Mark Angel, Samuel Clarke, and Richard Wilson.

Also on board were several foreign sailors: Louis Bourgeou, George Bousfee, Nectar Solo, Francis Richard, John Sun, Simon Borroy, Ralph Shadra, Daniel Hendrick, and Otto John Fultinown.

398

392

Thomas Waden Seaman
John Ward Do
John Linley Do
Robert Bolton Do
John Kingston Do
Samuel Johnson Do
James Welch Seaman
Thomas Street Do
William Stonham Do
James Shory Do
Peter Burck Do
Henry Clarke Do

Supercargoes
Mr. Larose Esquire
Mr. John Mapletoft
Mr. Samuel Sarrow Esq.
Fran. Buchannon Servt. to the Supercargoes

Muster Roll of Ship Edgecote

John Pearce Commander
John Green 1st Mate
Wm. Fletcher 2d Do
John Scarborough 3d Do
David Lester 4th Do
Will. Buckholms 5th Do
Benj. Boyden 6th Do
Stephen Milner Surgeon
Hans Quick Carpenter
John Simpson Boatswain
Wm. Rupton Gunner
John Batley Cooper
Ja. Lober Ship’s Cook
Wm. Adamson Midshipman
John Belp Do
Edw. Atkins Do
John Foster Quart. Mast.
John Allison Do
Boyer Doyer Do
Geo. Gooders Boat’s Mate
John Walker Armourer
John Boyer Capt’s Steward
Robt. Wilson Do
John Hogg Barber

Sam. Hook Capt’s Cook
Wm. Cleave Ship’s Do
Fred. Hopkins Capt’s Servant
John Lipton Joyner
John Ward Butcher
John Pryce Woolcomber
Matt. Vance Joyner’s Mate
Ben. Price Capt’s Clerk
Wm. Fank Gunr’s Mate
Ja. Beveridge Seaman
Ja. Sarfield Do
Tho. Service Do
Tho. Allenby Cook’s Mate
Colin Young Quart. Mast.
Edw. Bateman Seaman
Fredk. Keyso Do
Michl. Smith Do
Wm. Kendall Do
Wm. Herbird Do
Cha. Anderson Do
Robt. Nasmith Do
Wm. Moran Do
David Forman Do
John Briggs Do

John Jenkins Seaman
Tho. Monis Do
John Wall Do
Ja. Hewth Do
Peter Norris Do
Michl. Ling Do
Wm. Jackson Do
Wm. Berg Do
Wm. Bayant Do
Dav. Rea Do
Hen. Langford Do
Edw. Morris Do
Isaac Wood Do
John Barton Do
Peter Walker Do
John Dorey Do
John Rayner Do
Geo. Allen Do
Sam. Brotherd Do
John Jackson Do
John Young Do
John Rey Do
Rayner Johnson Do
John Patties Do

The remaining names on the muster roll of the Rhoda listed Thomas Waden, John Ward, John Linley, Robert Bolton, John Kingston, Samuel Johnson, James Welch, Thomas Street, William Stonham, James Shory, Peter Burck, and Henry Clarke, all serving as seamen.

The ship’s supercargoes were Mr Larose Esquire, Mr John Mapletoft, and Mr Samuel Sarrow Esquire, with Francis Buchannon acting as servant to the supercargoes.

The muster roll of the Edgecote recorded John Pearce as commander. The officers were John Green, first mate; William Fletcher, second mate; John Scarborough, third mate; David Lester, fourth mate; William Buckholms, fifth mate; Benjamin Boyden, sixth mate; and Stephen Milner, surgeon. Hans Quick served as carpenter, John Simpson as boatswain, William Rupton as gunner, John Batley as cooper, and James Lober as ship’s cook.

The midshipmen were William Adamson, John Belp, Edward Atkins, and the quartermasters John Foster, John Allison, and Boyer Doyer. George Gooders was boatswain’s mate, John Walker armourer, John Boyer and Robert Wilson captain’s stewards, John Hogg barber, Samuel Hook captain’s cook, and William Cleave ship’s cook. Frederick Hopkins served as captain’s servant, John Lipton as joiner, John Ward as butcher, John Pryce as woolcomber, and Matthew Vance as joiner’s mate. Benjamin Price was the captain’s clerk, and William Fank gunner’s mate.

The seamen included James Beveridge, James Sarfield, Thomas Service, Thomas Allenby (cook’s mate), Colin Young (quartermaster), Edward Bateman, Frederick Keyso, Michael Smith, William Kendall, William Herbird, Charles Anderson, Robert Nasmith, William Moran, David Forman, John Briggs, John Jenkins, Thomas Monis, John Wall, James Hewth, Peter Norris, Michael Ling, William Jackson, William Berg, William Bayant, David Rea, Henry Langford, Edward Morris, Isaac Wood, John Barton, Peter Walker, John Dorey, John Rayner, George Allen, Samuel Brotherd, John Jackson, John Young, John Rey, Rayner Johnson, and John Patties.

399

393

Hen. Mackens Seaman
Lucas Vandenberg Do
John Pillo Do
John Breegan Do
John Woolf Do
Leon Joie Do
John Bloom Do
Hen. Johnson Do
Charles Broadon Do
Robt. Klatt Do
Rich. Phillips Boy
Wm. McClutchock Do
John Hudson Do
John Amy Boy
Stephn. George Do
Wm. Sparkes Do
George Boyce Do
Lew. Moran Do
Wm. Cullis Do
Philip George Do
French Men
Mons. Surtier
Francis Le Loups
Jacques Roe
Allen Guigon
Louis Fleury
Jos. Grigore
Nicholas Le L.
Nicholas Le Guilletourney
Joseph Renau
Pierre Fons
Tanguy Gomez
Pierre De Fos
Julien Le Bris
Denis Gerselle
Claude Chaplain
Franc. Bordeman
Gabriel Jacob
Marques Le Isles

The Storekeeper brought in the following Account of Short Delivery Vizt.

Account of Stores short received from the following Ships Vizt.

From ship Somerset
D wt etc

  1. 23 Sugar
  2. 21 Candy
    7 Bowles
    5 Sneakers broke

From ship Pelham
8 oz to
3. 1 Candy
2 Bowles
1 Sneaker broke

March the 19th 1749

Signed
M. Purling Storekeeper

The remaining names on the muster roll of the Edgecote recorded Henry Mackens, Lucas Vandenberg, John Pillo, John Breegan, John Woolf, Leon Joie, John Bloom, Henry Johnson, Charles Broadon, Robert Klatt, and a number of boys: Richard Phillips, William McClutchock, John Hudson, John Amy, Stephen George, William Sparkes, George Boyce, Lewis Moran, William Cullis, and Philip George.

The Frenchmen on board were listed as Monsieur Surtier, Francis Le Loups, Jacques Roe, Allen Guigon, Louis Fleury, Joseph Grigore, Nicholas Le L., Nicholas Le Guilletourney, Joseph Renau, Pierre Fons, Tanguy Gomez, Pierre De Fos, Julien Le Bris, Denis Gerselle, Claude Chaplain, Francis Bordeman, Gabriel Jacob, and Marques Le Isles.

Following the muster roll, the Storekeeper submitted an account of short deliveries received from several ships.

From the Somerset there was a deficiency of twenty-three pounds of sugar, twenty-one pounds of candy, seven bowls, and five sneakers [drinking glasses] that were broken.

From the Pelham there was a shortage of eight ounces of sugar, one pound of candy, two bowls, and one sneaker that was broken.

This account was dated 19 March 1749 and signed by M. Purling, Storekeeper.

400

394

Received the following supply of goods from (China) per ship Delaware Vizt.

Invoice of Ship Delaware

Sugar 15 Chests Vizt.
15 Chests wt. 10 Cwt. 9 qrs. 17 lb. in 68. 68 at 4 per pound 274 7 2
Chests & Rattan for Package 12 6 -
287 13 2

Tea Bohea (Chest Vizt.)
1 Chest wt. 137½ pecul 1 lb. at 4 per pecul 17 11 -

Tea Singlo (1 Chest Vizt.)
1 Chest wt. 139 pecul 1 lb. at 22 per pecul 22 18 -

China Ware (Tub Vizt.)
1 Tub containing 50 sneakers blue white 2 5 -

47 Chests & 1 Tub Cost 329 3 6
Proportion of charges at Canton 38 5 -

Sales 367 8 6

Errors Excepted
S. G. Mandeville
John Goodere
Wm. Stevens

Counted and examined the Honourable Company’s Cash for the month of February last, which is as follows Vizt.

The Council recorded the receipt of a supply of goods from China, brought by the Delaware.

The invoice listed fifteen chests of sugar weighing ten hundredweight, nine quarters, and seventeen pounds, amounting to sixty-eight pounds at four shillings per pound, valued at £274 7s 2d. The chests and rattan used for packaging added a further £12 6s, making a subtotal of £287 13s 2d.

One chest of Bohea tea weighed 137½ peculs and one pound, priced at four shillings per pecul, amounting to £17 11s. One chest of Singlo tea weighed 139 peculs and one pound, priced at twenty-two shillings per pecul, totalling £22 18s.

There was also one tub of china ware containing fifty blue-and-white sneakers [drinking cups], valued at £2 5s.

The entire shipment, consisting of forty-seven chests and one tub, cost £329 3s 6d. A proportion of the charges at Canton came to £38 5s, bringing the total sales value to £367 8s 6d.

The invoice was signed by S. G. Mandeville, John Goodere, and William Stevens.

The Council then counted and examined the Honourable Company’s cash for the month of February, as follows.

401

395

Cash

Dr.

1749 Febry 1 To Balance remaining £2388 0s 9d
Febry 7 To Ship Royal George the balance of her account £235 4s 9½d
Febry 8 To Plantation for 2,147 beef at 3s supplied His Majesty’s ship Thiene £3 2s 11d
Febry 17 To Ship Durrington the balance of her account £214 6s 7d
Febry 22 To Ship Admiral Vernon the balance of her account £7 9s 5d

Carried over £2848 13s 3½d

Per Contra

By Garrison paid sixteen men for enlisting to serve the Honourable Company five years at five pounds each, and two others at two pounds ten shillings each as a consultation of this day £85 0s 0d

By Exchange for one set of Bills drawn on John Borrad Esq. payable to the Honourable Court of Directors 10 days after sight, dated this day £30 0s 0d

By Balance sent in the following specie, vizt.

1st Gold 11½, 11⅛, 11¾, 3, 11, 3 £461 18s 2d
3 of 90 - 3, 9, 12 - £13 11s 2d
40 Venetian @ 10s - £35 0s 0d
12 Rupees @ 30s - £18 0s 0d
2018 Pagodas @ 8s - £807 4s 0d

Gold amounting to £1019 16s 9d

Carried over £1019 16s 9d

The cash account for February 1749 recorded that a balance of £2388 0s 9d had remained on the first of the month. On 7 February, £235 4s 9½d was received from the Royal George as the balance of her account. On 8 February, £3 2s 11d was credited from the plantation for 2,147 pounds of beef supplied to His Majesty’s ship Thiene at three shillings per pound. On 17 February, £214 6s 7d was received from the Durrington as the balance of her account, and on 22 February, £7 9s 5d from the Admiral Vernon for the same purpose. These sums brought the total carried over to £2848 13s 3½d.

On the opposite side of the account, payments were recorded as follows.

The garrison was charged £85 for bounty money paid to sixteen men who had enlisted to serve the Honourable Company for five years at £5 each, and to two others at £2 10s each, as authorised by consultation of that day.

A further £30 was recorded for one set of bills of exchange drawn on John Borrad Esq., payable to the Honourable Court of Directors ten days after sight, dated the same day.

The remaining balance was entered in the following forms of specie: gold coins amounting to £1019 16s 9d, consisting of 11½, 11⅛, 11¾, 3, 11, and 3 ounces valued at £461 18s 2d; three coins of 90, 3, 9, and 12 valued at £13 11s 2d; forty Venetian coins at ten shillings each valued at £35; twelve rupees at thirty shillings each valued at £18; and 2,018 pagodas at eight shillings each valued at £807 4s.

The total gold held amounted to £1019 16s 9d, which was carried forward.

402

396

Cash

Dr.

Brought over £2860 13s 3½d

£2860 13s 3½d

The cash account continued with the balance brought forward, amounting to £2860 13s 3½d, which remained unchanged and was carried forward at the same total.

403

397

Per Contra

Brought over £1019 16s 9d

3010 Dollars @ 5s £752 10s 0d
3560 Double Reals @ 1s 3d £222 10s 0d
1516 Rupees @ 7¼d £47 7s 6d
12917 half Rupees @ 3¼d £202 5s 11¼d
517 Rupees @ 2s 3d £58 3s 3d
141 French Peas @ 1s £3 13s 6d
Bad Money £1 1s 1½d

Silver amounting to £1286 11s 6¾d

146 Cash Notes @ 10s £292 0s 0d
162 Do. @ 20s £162 0s 0d
261 Do. @ 5s £65 5s 0d
160 Do. @ 2s 6d £20 0s 0d

Cash Notes amounting to £539 5s 0d

Total £2845 13s 3½d
£2860 13s 3½d

Mr Frances Waugham senr applied to us for liberty to pay £100 into the Honourable Company’s cash, which sum we have received and given him bills drawn on the said Honourable Company, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight, dated this day.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clarke

The balance of gold brought forward amounted to £1019 16s 9d. The silver held consisted of 3010 dollars valued at five shillings each, totalling £752 10s; 3560 double reals at one shilling and threepence each, £222 10s; 1516 rupees at seven and one quarter pence each, £47 7s 6d; 12,917 half-rupees at three and one quarter pence each, £202 5s 11¼d; 517 rupees at two shillings and threepence each, £58 3s 3d; 141 French pieces at one shilling each, £3 13s 6d; and bad money valued at £1 1s 1½d. Together, the silver amounted to £1286 11s 6¾d.

The remaining funds were in cash notes: 146 notes at ten shillings each, £292; 162 notes at twenty shillings each, £162; 261 notes at five shillings each, £65 5s; and 160 notes at two shillings and sixpence each, £20. These cash notes together totalled £539 5s.

The total balance therefore stood at £2845 13s 3½d, corresponding with the previously recorded total of £2860 13s 3½d.

Mr Francis Wrangham senior then applied to pay £100 into the Honourable Company’s cash. The amount was received, and in return, bills were issued to him, drawn on the Honourable Company, payable to himself or his order ninety days after sight, dated that day.

Signed: Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

404

398

At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 21st day of March 1749 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor
Capt. David Hunter Lieutenant Governor
Lieutenant John Clarke of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed.
Sailed the Somerset Capt. Tho. Tolson and the Pelham Capt. George Lindsay for England.

The Storekeeper brought in the following account of goods short delivered by the invoice from ship Delawar, which we ordered to be wrote off on the back of the bill of lading.

One tub of chinaware short delivered from ship Delawar containing fifty sneakers.

Signed M. Purling Storekeeper

March the 21st 1749

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clarke

A meeting of Council was held at the Castle on Wednesday, 21 March 1749, attended by Charles Hutchinson Esquire as Governor, Captain David Hunter as Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant John Clarke as Councillor. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

On that day, the Somerset under Captain Thomas Tolson and the Pelham under Captain George Lindsay both sailed for England.

The Storekeeper then presented an account of goods that had been short delivered according to the invoice from the Delaware. The shortage was one tub of chinaware containing fifty sneakers, and the Council instructed that this be written off on the back of the bill of lading.

The account was signed by Matthew Purling, Storekeeper, and dated 21 March 1749. The entry was confirmed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clarke.

405

399

At a Consultation held on Monday the 26th day of March 1750 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor
Capt. David Hunter Lieutenant Governor
Lieutenant John Clarke of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed.

Wednesday the 21st, sailed the Delawar Capt. William Stevens, the Rhoda Capt. John McNemara, and the Edgecote Capt. John Pearse for England.

Saturday the 24th, arrived the Royal Duke Capt. George Cuming from China, and a Dane ship called the King of Denmark Capt. Jesper Wilke, burthen about 1000 tons, mounting 20 guns and having on board 175 men, loaded with tea, china ware, and sugar bound to Copenhagen.

Lieutenant John Clarke reported that he had been on board the ship Royal Duke to muster her company and enquire for deserters but found none. The muster roll was as follows, vizt:

Muster Roll of ship Royal Duke

Geo. Cuming Commander
Edw. Leith 1st Mate
Christ. Somphson 2nd Do.
Bowater Sanderson 3rd Do.
Hen. McKenzie 4th Do.
Rich. Parry 5th Do.
Finian Ballantine Surgeon
Saml. Moore Gunner
Dav. Claghorn Carpenter
Wm. Spunt Boatswain
J. Tennant Surg. Mate
Alex. Hume Midshipman
John Dickebadge Do.
Ferdinando Wallis Do.
Dav. Williamson Do.
John Cumming Capt. Steward
Tho. Hibler Ships Steward
Philip Bellor Capt. Cook
Jas. Aikenhead Capt. Purser
John Millam Quarter Master
Andw. Sadler Do.
Wm. Parsons Do.
Thos. Hervey Do.
Wm. Shaw Do.

A meeting of Council took place at the Castle on Monday, 26 March 1750. Present were Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clarke, member of Council. The minutes of the preceding consultation were read, approved, and signed.

On Wednesday the 21st, the Delaware under Captain William Stevens, the Rhoda under Captain John McNamara, and the Edgecote under Captain John Pearce sailed for England.

On Saturday the 24th, the Royal Duke, commanded by Captain George Cuming, arrived from China, together with a Danish ship named the King of Denmark, commanded by Captain Jesper Wilke. The Danish vessel, of about one thousand tons burden, carried twenty guns and a crew of one hundred and seventy-five men, and was laden with tea, chinaware, and sugar bound for Copenhagen.

Lieutenant John Clarke reported that he had gone aboard the Royal Duke to muster her crew and search for deserters but had found none. The muster roll of that ship was as follows: George Cuming, Commander; Edward Leith, first mate; Christopher Somphson, second mate; Bowater Sanderson, third mate; Henry McKenzie, fourth mate; Richard Parry, fifth mate; Finian Ballantine, surgeon; Samuel Moore, gunner; David Claghorn, carpenter; William Spunt, boatswain; J. Tennant, surgeon’s mate; Alexander Hume, midshipman; John Dickebadge, midshipman; Ferdinando Wallis, midshipman; David Williamson, midshipman; John Cumming, captain’s steward; Thomas Hibler, ship’s steward; Philip Bellor, captain’s cook; James Aikenhead, captain’s purser; John Millam, quartermaster; Andrew Sadler, quartermaster; William Parsons, quartermaster; Thomas Hervey, quartermaster; and William Shaw, quartermaster.

406

400

Robt. Brown Cooper
Wm. Graham Do. Mate
Tho. Welch Caulker
Albam Scott Do. Mate
Wm. Dixon Do.
Jos. Wilson Carp. Mate
Andw. Humes Armourer
John Brown Gunr. Mate
John Clayton Joyner
Tho. Pette Poultenee
Nathl. Crupe Butcher
Baltheus Gemer Trumpeter
Cha. Kellis Capt. Do.
John Carmello Boatswains Mate
Cha. Thomson Seaman
John Clark Do.
Wm. Thomas Do.
Robt. Palmer Do.
D. Beatt Do.
Tho. Haley Do.
Robt. Wilson Do.
Ja. Brown Do.
Alexr. Chisholm Do.
Jas. Hamm Do.
Thos. Lodwick Do.
Alexr. Urquhart Do.
Fredk. Adolph Do.
Jno. Barker Seaman
John Atkinson Do.
Mattw. Minshad Do.
Niclas Geo. Do.
John Sloed Do.
John Harrock Do.
Alex. Malachline Do.
Geo. Boleach Do.
Fredk. Knollt Do.
Michl. Dayle Do.
Bartolo Sakette Do.
John Chambers Do.
Law. Cornelius Do.
Rob. Mitchell Do.
Tho. Parour Do.
John Cohin Do.
Manuel George Do.
Geo. Markinsted Do.
Ja. White Do.
And. Taylor Do.
John Woodburn Do.
Tho. Budie Do.
Wm. Hastings Do.
Wm. Melvil Do.
Vento Parara Do.
John Dease Do.
Jos. Pascoe Do.
Wm. Marton Seaman
John Watson Do.
Jack Beard Do.
Ja. Daniel Do.
George Andraw Do.
Andw. Mongue Do.
Mattw. Malin Do.
Jacob Boch Do.
Patk. Sheridan Do.
Florence McCash Do.
John Beador Do.
John Cottson Do.
Alexr. Lecks Do.
Geo. Borneck Capt. Servt.
John Butler 1st Mates Do.
Rich. Newell 2nd Mates Do.
Wm. McLean Surg. Do.
Robt. Lloyd Boatswains Do.
Wm. Tanner Gunners Do.
Wm. Hillis Carpenters Do.
Jonas Griper Seaman
Gab. Frost Do.
April Summer Do.
Wm. Pigeon Do.
Wm. Lee Chief Pursers Do.
Cha. Miller Servant
Ralph Servant

James Beplow, soldier, was missing the day that the Somerset and Pelham sailed, and not having been since heard of is supposed to have deserted in one of those ships or in the Delawar, Rhoda, or Edgecote that sailed the day after.

The remainder of the muster roll for the Royal Duke listed the following officers and crew: Robert Brown, cooper; William Graham, cooper’s mate; Thomas Welch, caulker; Albam Scott, caulker’s mate; William Dixon, caulker; Joseph Wilson, carpenter’s mate; Andrew Humes, armourer; John Brown, gunner’s mate; John Clayton, joiner; Thomas Pette, poulterer; Nathaniel Crupe, butcher; Baltheus Gemer, trumpeter; Charles Kellis, captain’s trumpeter; John Carmello, boatswain’s mate; and a large complement of seamen, among whom were Charles Thomson, John Clark, William Thomas, Robert Palmer, D. Beatt, Thomas Haley, Robert Wilson, James Brown, Alexander Chisholm, James Hamm, Thomas Lodwick, Alexander Urquhart, Frederick Adolph, John Barker, John Atkinson, Matthew Minshad, Nicholas Geo, John Sloed, John Harrock, Alexander Malachline, George Boleach, Frederick Knollt, Michael Dayle, Bartolo Sakette, John Chambers, Lawrence Cornelius, Robert Mitchell, Thomas Parour, John Cohin, Manuel George, George Markinsted, James White, Andrew Taylor, John Woodburn, Thomas Budie, William Hastings, William Melvil, Vento Parara, John Dease, Joseph Pascoe, William Marton, John Watson, Jack Beard, James Daniel, George Andraw, Andrew Mongue, Matthew Malin, Jacob Boch, Patrick Sheridan, Florence McCash, John Beador, John Cottson, and Alexander Lecks.

In addition, George Borneck served as the captain’s servant; John Butler as the first mate’s servant; Richard Newell as the second mate’s servant; William McLean as the surgeon’s servant; Robert Lloyd as the boatswain’s servant; William Tanner as the gunner’s servant; and William Hillis as the carpenter’s servant. Among other seamen were Jonas Griper, Gabriel Frost, April Summer, William Pigeon, William Lee, the chief purser’s servant, Charles Miller, and one named Ralph, both listed simply as servants.

It was further recorded that James Beplow, a soldier in the Honourable Company’s service, was missing on the day the Somerset and Pelham sailed. As he had not been seen or heard of since, it was supposed that he had deserted, concealing himself aboard one of those vessels or possibly on the Delaware, Rhoda, or Edgecote, which departed the following day.

407

401

As the Honourable Company’s ships were frequently in want of a convenience to warp in by, and there being a large anchor with a broken fluke that was fit for no other purpose, it was agreed to put it down in the bay for that use and to secure moorings for three Honourable Company boats. With a piece of timber to make a buoy, it was ordered to be written off the books of accounts.

It was agreed to buy of Capt. George Cuming 17½ piculs [a Chinese measure of weight] of rice at 10s per hundredweight for the use of the Honourable Company’s slaves.

The Honourable Company’s longboats having sustained great damage from the want of a cradle to heave them up with or launch them off, it was therefore ordered that a piece of Riga timber be used for that purpose.

Mr Falconer, the surgeon, represented that he was in want of rhubarb and could supply himself at ten shillings per pound, which was greatly cheaper than the price invoiced from England. It was therefore agreed to purchase it at that price.

The Governor paid £320 into the Honourable Company’s cash, for which sum he was given bills drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight, dated this day.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

As the ships belonging to the Honourable East India Company were often in need of a means to warp into the bay, the Council resolved to make use of a large anchor that had a broken fluke and was therefore unsuitable for other purposes. This anchor was to be placed in the bay to serve as a fixed mooring point, capable of securing up to three of the Company’s boats. A piece of timber was to be used to form a buoy, and the anchor was ordered to be written off the Company’s books as no longer of general use.

It was further agreed to purchase from Captain George Cuming a total of seventeen and a half piculs [a Chinese weight measure] of rice at ten shillings per hundredweight, intended for the sustenance of the Company’s slaves.

As the Company’s longboats had suffered considerable damage due to the absence of a cradle suitable for heaving them ashore or launching them, the Council determined that a piece of Riga timber should be employed to construct one.

Mr Falconer, the island’s surgeon, informed the Council that his medical supplies were deficient in rhubarb, which he could procure locally at ten shillings per pound, this being substantially below the cost of the same item when invoiced from England. The proposal was considered reasonable, and it was agreed that he might make the purchase at that price.

On this same day, the Governor paid the sum of £320 into the Honourable Company’s cash. In exchange, he was issued bills drawn upon the Honourable Court of Directors, payable to himself or order ninety days after sight, dated accordingly. The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

408

402

At a consultation held on Monday the 2nd day of April 1750 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor
Capt. David Hunter Lieutenant Governor
Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last consultation was read, approved, and signed.

Saturday the 31st of last month died William Hayes, Adjutant, and as there was a necessity for having a person to transact that business, it was agreed to allow Mr Thomas Kirkpatrick £31 2s 6d per annum, it being what the salary formerly was, until the Honourable Company should think proper to send an adjutant from England.

Enlisted
John Chambers to serve the Honourable Company five years as a soldier at the usual bounty money of five pounds.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

A meeting of Council was held at the Castle on Monday, 2 April 1750. Present were Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was recorded that on Saturday, 31 March, William Hayes, who had served as Adjutant, had died. As the duties of that office required immediate attention, it was agreed that Mr Thomas Kirkpatrick should temporarily perform the role at a salary of £31 2s 6d per annum, this being the same amount previously attached to the post, until such time as the Honourable East India Company might appoint a replacement from England.

On the same occasion, John Chambers enlisted to serve the Honourable Company as a soldier for a term of five years, for which he received the customary bounty payment of five pounds.

The entry was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

409

403

At a consultation held on Monday the 9th day of April 1750 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor
Capt. David Hunter Lieut. Governor
Lieut. John Clark of Council

The last consultation was read, approved, and signed.

Monday the 2nd - Arrived the Honourable Company ship Gosport, Capt. Tho. Delthick, from China.
Tuesday the 3rd - Sailed the King of Denmark, a Dane ship.
Wednesday the 4th - Sailed the Honourable Company ship Royal Duke for England.
Saturday the 7th - Died Giles Smith, planter.
Sunday the 8th - Arrived a Dane ship called the Queen of Denmark, Capt. Jens Werner Ackeloye, from China, burthen about 1000 tons, carrying 170 men and 26 guns, loaded with tea, chinaware, and sugar, bound to Copenhagen.

It was ordered that an advertisement be published for the planters to meet in vestry on Monday the 16th instant, in order to choose parish officers for the ensuing year.

The plantation gunners’ and stewards’ accounts for the month of March last were this day brought in, examined, and approved, and are as follows, viz.

A consultation of the Council was held at the Castle on Monday, 9 April 1750. Present were Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the previous meeting were read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Monday, 2 April, the Honourable East India Company ship Gosport, commanded by Captain Thomas Delthick, had arrived from China. On Tuesday, 3 April, the Danish ship King of Denmark had sailed from the island, and on Wednesday, 4 April, the Honourable Company’s ship Royal Duke had departed for England. On Saturday, 7 April, Giles Smith, a planter on the island, had died. The following day, Sunday, 8 April, another Danish vessel, the Queen of Denmark, under Captain Jens Werner Ackeloye, arrived from China. This ship was of about 1,000 tons burthen, mounted twenty-six guns, carried 170 men, and was laden with tea, chinaware, and sugar for Copenhagen.

The Council directed that an advertisement be published calling upon the planters to assemble in vestry on Monday, 16 April, for the purpose of choosing parish officers for the forthcoming year.

The plantation gunners’ and stewards’ accounts for the month of March were presented, examined, and approved.

410

404

Account of the Honble Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &ca for the Month of March 1750

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Bullocks, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Wathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Shoats, Piggs, Total, Turkeys, Fowle, Ducks, Geese, Horses, Mares, Total

Remaining 1t: Bulls 3, Cows 92, Calves 115, Yearlings 31, Heifers 14, Steers 12, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 277, Ewes 97, Wathers 21, Lambs 74, Rams 4, Total 196, Ewes 89, Wathers 1, Kids 154, Rams 6, Total 256, Sows 5, Shoats 4, Piggs 22, Total 31, Turkeys 96, Fowle 179, Ducks 49, Geese 15, Horses 8, Mares 2, Total 10

Encreased: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 1, Yearlings 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 1, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 16, Rams 0, Total 16, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 17, Rams 0, Total 17, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Total 0, Turkeys 0, Fowle 20, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Bulls 3, Cows 92, Calves 116, Yearlings 31, Heifers 14, Steers 12, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 278, Ewes 97, Wathers 21, Lambs 90, Rams 4, Total 212, Ewes 89, Wathers 1, Kids 171, Rams 6, Total 263, Sows 5, Shoats 4, Piggs 22, Total 31, Turkeys 96, Fowle 199, Ducks 49, Geese 15, Horses 8, Mares 2, Total 10

Killed: Bulls 0, Cows 4, Calves 0, Yearlings 0, Heifers 4, Steers 8, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 16, Ewes 2, Wathers 4, Lambs 1, Rams 0, Total 7, Ewes 6, Wathers 1, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 7, Sows 1, Shoats 0, Piggs 0, Total 1, Turkeys 4, Fowle 16, Ducks 6, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Died: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 1, Yearlings 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Bullocks 0, Oxen 0, Total 1, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Wathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 1, Piggs 0, Total 1, Turkeys 9, Fowle 10, Ducks 0, Geese 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0

Remaining 31: Bulls 3, Cows 88, Calves 115, Yearlings 31, Heifers 10, Steers 4, Bullocks 4, Oxen 6, Total 261, Ewes 95, Wathers 17, Lambs 89, Rams 4, Total 205, Ewes 83, Wathers 0, Kids 171, Rams 6, Total 256, Sows 5, Shoats 3, Piggs 22, Total 30, Turkeys 83, Fowle 173, Ducks 43, Geese 15, Horses 8, Mares 2, Total 10

Names of the Species changed: Bulls 1, Cows 108, Calves 74, Yearlings 36, Heifers 19, Steers 10, Bullocks 0, Oxen 10, Total 261, Ewes 122, Wathers 38, Lambs 39, Rams 6, Total 205, Ewes 136, Wathers 32, Kids 79, Rams 6, Total 256, Sows 4, Shoats 19, Piggs 6, Total 30, Turkeys 83, Fowle 173, Ducks 43, Geese 15, Horses 8, Mares 2, Total 10

Beef to the Doddington 560 lb

Do to the Chesterfield 560

Do to the Somerset 560

Do to the Pelham 560

Do to the Rhoda 560

Do to the Delawar 560

Do to the Edgecote 560

Do to the Royal Duke 560

4480

Yams Expended 18.000 lb

(Signed) David Hunter

The stock account for March 1750 recorded the Company's neat cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, poultry and horses month by movement, each class carried across the rows of remaining at the first, increased, killed, died, remaining at the last and the names of the species reclassified by age at the year-end muster.

Account of the Company's stock of neat cattle and the rest for the month of March 1750

Neat cattle: bulls, cows, calves, yearlings, heifers, steers, bullocks, oxen, total

Remaining 1st: 3 bulls, 92 cows, 115 calves, 31 yearlings, 14 heifers, 12 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 277 total

Increased: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 1 calf, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 1 total

Sub-total: 3 bulls, 92 cows, 116 calves, 31 yearlings, 14 heifers, 12 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 278 total

Killed: 0 bulls, 4 cows, 0 calves, 0 yearlings, 4 heifers, 8 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 16 total

Died: 0 bulls, 0 cows, 1 calf, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 0 steers, 0 bullocks, 0 oxen, 1 total

Remaining 31st: 3 bulls, 88 cows, 115 calves, 31 yearlings, 10 heifers, 4 steers, 4 bullocks, 6 oxen, 261 total

Names of the species reclassified: 4 bulls, 108 cows, 74 calves, 36 yearlings, 19 heifers, 10 steers, 0 bullocks, 10 oxen, 261 total

Sheep: ewes, wethers, lambs, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 97 ewes, 21 wethers, 74 lambs, 4 rams, 196 total

Increased: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 16 lambs, 0 rams, 16 total

Sub-total: 97 ewes, 21 wethers, 90 lambs, 4 rams, 212 total

Killed: 0 ewes, 2 wethers, 1 lamb, 0 rams, 7 total

Died: 0 ewes, 1 wether, 0 lambs, 0 rams, 0 total

Remaining 31st: 95 ewes, 17 wethers, 89 lambs, 4 rams, 205 total

Names of the species reclassified: 122 ewes, 38 wethers, 39 lambs, 6 rams, 205 total

Goats: ewes, wethers, kids, rams, total

Remaining 1st: 89 ewes, 1 wether, 138 kids, 6 rams, 236 total

Increased: 0 ewes, 0 wethers, 17 kids, 0 rams, 17 total

Sub-total: 89 ewes, 1 wether, 171 kids, 6 rams, 263 total

Killed: 0 ewes, 6 wethers, 1 kid, 0 rams, 7 total

Remaining 31st: 83 ewes, 0 wethers, 171 kids, 6 rams, 256 total

Names of the species reclassified: 136 ewes, 32 wethers, 79 kids, 6 rams, 256 total

Hogs: sows, shoats, pigs, boars, total

Remaining 1st: 5 sows, 4 shoats, 22 pigs, 0 boars, 31 total

Sub-total: 5 sows, 4 shoats, 22 pigs, 0 boars, 31 total

Killed: 0 sows, 1 shoat, 0 pigs, 0 boars, 1 total

Remaining 31st: 5 sows, 3 shoats, 22 pigs, 0 boars, 30 total

Names of the species reclassified: 4 sows, 19 shoats, 6 pigs, 1 boar, 30 total

Poultry: turkeys, fowls, ducks, geese, total

Remaining 1st: 96 turkeys, 179 fowls, 49 ducks, 15 geese

Increased: 0 turkeys, 20 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 geese

Sub-total: 96 turkeys, 199 fowls, 49 ducks, 15 geese

Killed: 4 turkeys, 16 fowls, 6 ducks, 0 geese

Died: 9 turkeys, 10 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 geese

Remaining 31st: 83 turkeys, 173 fowls, 43 ducks, 15 geese

Names of the species reclassified: 83 turkeys, 173 fowls, 43 ducks, 15 geese

Horses: horses, mares, total

Remaining 1st: 8 horses, 2 mares, 10 total

Remaining 31st: 8 horses, 2 mares, 10 total

Sundries:

Beef to the Doddington, 560 lb

Beef to the Chesterfield, 560 lb

Beef to the Somerset, 560 lb

Beef to the Pelham, 560 lb

Beef to the Rhoda, 560 lb

Beef to the Delawar, 560 lb

Beef to the Edgecote, 560 lb

Beef to the Royal Duke, 560 lb

Total beef supplied, 4,180 lb

Yams expended: 18,000 lb

David Hunter signed the account. The Doddington, Chesterfield, Somerset, Pelham, Rhoda, Delawar, Edgecote and Royal Duke each drew 560 lb of beef.

Interpretations

The herd was drawn on more heavily than in any month of the run, eight ships of the homeward fleet each taking 560 pounds of beef to a total of over four thousand pounds, and sixteen cattle killed to supply them. The killing now cut deep into the breeding and working stock, four cows, four heifers and eight steers slaughtered in the month, the herd falling from 277 to 261 as the whole homeward fleet victualled at once, the great annual drain of the shipping season come at last after the long winter of pure increase, the careful husbandry of the empty months spent all together on the fleet.

The year-end reclassification of every species by age, entered in the row naming the species reclassified, was the annual muster the record kept each spring, moving the animals up through the classes as they aged, the calves become cows and steers, the kids become goats, the shoats become hogs, without any purchase or loss. This was the settled clerical practice at the turn of the accounting year, the whole stock recounted and regraded so the new year's account should open with each beast in its true class, the paper reckoning brought level with the real age of the herds and flocks after a year's growth.

411

405

1750

Gunners Stores Expended in March 1750

Guns Fired, Scale Cast, 9 Pounder, 6 Pounder, 4 Pounder, 3 Pounder, 2 Pounder, 1 Pounder, Powder Expended

the day of the Month

3 Alarm: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 Pounder, 2 1 Pounder, 13 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Doddington Capt Mason: 9 Guns Fired, 9 3 Pounder, 9 Powder Expended

Do Alarm: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 Pounder, 2 1 Pounder, 13 Powder Expended

8 Arrived the Chesterfield Capt Carter: 9 Guns Fired, 9 3 Pounder, 9 Powder Expended

7 A Double Alarm: 9 Guns Fired, 6 6 Pounder, 3 19½ Powder Expended

8 Arrived the Somerset Capt Solson and

the Pelham Capt Lindsay: 18 Guns Fired, 18 3 Pounder, 18 Powder Expended

12 Alarm: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 Pounder, 2 1 Pounder, 13 Powder Expended

Do Alarm at Surhs Capt Cab Bankses: 4 Guns Fired, 2 6 Pounder, 2 4 Pounder, 20 Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Rhoda Capt McNemara: 9 Guns Fired, 9 3 Pounder, 9 Powder Expended

13 Departed the Doddington Capt Mason

& the Chesterfield Capt Carter: 18 Guns Fired, 18 3 Pounder, 18 Powder Expended

Do Alarm: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 Pounder, 2 1 Pounder, 13 Powder Expended

15 Arrived the Delawar Capt Stevens: 9 Guns Fired, 9 3 Pounder, 9 Powder Expended

Do Alarm: 6 Guns Fired, 4 4 Pounder, 2 1 Pounder, 13 Powder Expended

16 Arrived the Edgecote Capt Pearse: 11 Guns Fired, 11 3 Pounder, 11 Powder Expended

Do Departed the Somerset Capt Solson and

the Pelham Capt Lindsay: 18 Guns Fired, 18 3 Pounder, 18 Powder Expended

20 Departed the Delawar Capt Stevens

the Rhoda Capt McNemara and the: 29 Guns Fired, 2 6 Pounder, 2 4 Pounder, 1 24 3 Pounder, 40 Powder Expended

21 Edgecote Capt Pearse: 9 Guns Fired, 6 6 Pounder, 3 19½ Powder Expended

Do A Double Alarm: 9 Guns Fired, 6 6 Pounder, 3 19½ Powder Expended

Do Arrived the Royal Duke Capt Cumming

and a Dane Ship: 20 Guns Fired, 20 3 Pounder, 20 Powder Expended

Powder lost by the flood at Lemon Valley &

Round Shott: 3 3 Powder Expended

Powder for Exercising the Recruits: 9½ Powder Expended

Powder Damaged by the flood at Bankses: 3 Powder Expended

Powder to the funeral of John Searly: 2¼ Powder Expended

Powder for priming at the Main fort: 21 Powder Expended

Powder for priming at Prosperous Bay: 3 Powder Expended

Powder for Signals: 3 Powder Expended

Carried over: 202 Guns Fired, 3 Scale Cast, 2 9 Pounder, 2 6 Pounder, 36 4 Pounder, 1 3 Pounder, 145 2 Pounder, 16 1 Pounder, 329½ Powder Expended

The gunner's stores expended in March 1750 recorded the powder fired at the many alarms, arrivals and departures of the homeward fleet and issued for exercise, works and a funeral, carried over at 329.5 lb. The consultation is here dated 1750.

Gunner's stores expended, March 1750, under the columns guns fired, 32-pounders, 9-pounders, 6-pounders, 4-pounders, 3-pounders, 2-pounders and powder expended

3 March, alarm, 6 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 4 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 2 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 13 lb powder

3 March, arrived the Doddington, Captain Mason, 9 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 9 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 9 lb powder

3 March, alarm, 6 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 4 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 2 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 13 lb powder

4 March, arrived the Chesterfield, Captain Carter, 9 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 9 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 9 lb powder

7 March, a double alarm, 9 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 6 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 3 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 19.5 lb powder

8 March, arrived the Somerset, Captain Selson, and the Pelham, Captain Lindsay, 18 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 18 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 18 lb powder

12 March, alarm, 6 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 4 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 2 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 13 lb powder

12 March, alarm at Turk's Cap, Captain Banks's, 4 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 2 9-pounders, 2 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 0 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 20 lb powder

12 March, arrived the Rhoda, Captain McNemara, 9 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 9 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 9 lb powder

13 March, departed the Doddington, Captain Mason, and the Chesterfield, Captain Carter, 18 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 18 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 18 lb powder

15 March, alarm, 6 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 4 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 2 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 13 lb powder

15 March, arrived the Delawar, Captain Stevens, 9 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 9 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 9 lb powder

16 March, alarm, 6 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 4 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 2 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 13 lb powder

16 March, arrived the Edgecote, Captain Pearse, 11 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 11 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 11 lb powder

20 March, departed the Somerset, Captain Selson, and the Pelham, Captain Lindsay, 18 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 18 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 18 lb powder

21 March, departed the Delawar, Captain Stevens, the Rhoda, Captain McNemara, and the Edgecote, Captain Pearse, 29 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 2 6-pounders, 2 4-pounders, 24 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 40 lb powder

24 March, a double alarm, 9 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 6 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 3 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 19.5 lb powder

24 March, arrived the Royal Duke, Captain Cumming, and a Danish ship, 20 guns fired, 0 32-pounders, 0 9-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 20 3-pounders, 0 2-pounders, 20 lb powder

Powder lost by the flood at Lemon Valley round shot, 0 guns fired, 3 32-pounders, 9.5 lb powder

Powder for exercising the recruits, 0 guns fired, 3 lb powder

Powder damaged by the flood at Banks's, 0 guns fired, 2.5 lb powder

Powder to the funeral of John Scarly, 0 guns fired, 2.25 lb powder

Powder for priming at the main fort, 0 guns fired, 3 lb powder

Powder for priming at Prosperous Bay, 0 guns fired, 3 lb powder

Powder for signals, 0 guns fired, [...] lb powder

Carried over, 202 guns fired, 3 32-pounders, 2 9-pounders, 2 6-pounders, 36 4-pounders, 1 3-pounder, 145 [...], 16 [...], 329.5 lb powder

Interpretations

The powder of March again ran heavy on the homeward fleet, the eight ships that victualled from the herd each saluted on arrival and departure, the Royal Duke and a Danish ship closing the month, the whole crowd of shipping drawing near three hundred and thirty pounds even before the account was carried over. The season was now at its height, the road filling with the great homeward Indiamen that had drawn over four thousand pounds of beef from the herd, the gunner answering each with its salute and the outposts firing their alarms, the busiest run of the year matched in powder as in beef.

The powder lost and damaged by the flood at Lemon Valley and Banks's marks a sharp reminder of the island's weather and the exposure of its outlying magazines, a flood spoiling round shot and damaging the powder stored at the coastal forts. The settlement kept powder at its scattered batteries against a sudden landing, but the same remoteness that made the stores necessary left them at the mercy of the island's floods, the loss entered plainly among the salutes and alarms, the hazard of keeping the defence dispersed across a steep and storm-swept coast borne as an ordinary charge on the account.

412

406

9 April

Brought over 329½

Match burnt at the Main Fort

21

Paper for making of Great Gun Cartridges

1 Quire

Paper for making of Small Cartridges

½ Quire

Handspikes broke at the Main Fort

2

Handspikes to Mr Bland

3

Handspikes to Mr Slaisheens for making Helves for Pickaxes

2

Paper for the use of the Castle

1 Quire

Match burnt at Bankses

1½

Tallow for Greasing the Gun Carriages

20½

Bridge Barrel lost by the flood at Sandy Bay

1

Match lost by the flood at Sandy Bay

28

Bills lost by the flood at Sandy Bay

5

Powder Horn lost by the flood at Lemon Valley

1

Cartridge Shott lost by the flood at Lemon Valley

23

Match lost by the flood at Lemon Valley

7

Spunges lost by the flood at Lemon Valley

5

Handspikes lost by the flood at Lemon Valley

8

Worm lost by the flood at Lemon Valley

1

(Signed)

John French

Sundrys Expended at the Table in the Month of March

1750 Vizt

21 Bottles Port Wine

1 11 6

44 Do Lisbon

3 6

22 Do Madeira

2 7 2½

54 Do Goa Arrack

17 1½

50 Do Batavia Do

1 14 4

55 Do Beer

13 9

92 Goat

1 10 8

306 Flour

2 1 5½

210½ Mutton

4 7 8½

Carried over £ 18 16 8½

The gunner's account carried over at 329.5 lb, closing with the several materials expended and lost through the month, much of it carried off by the floods at Sandy Bay and Lemon Valley. The steward's sundries for the general table over March then ran through the wines, spirits and provisions to the £18 16s 8.5d carried over. The consultation is here dated 9 April.

Brought over, 329.5 lb powder

Match burnt at the main fort, 21 lb

Paper for making of great gun cartridges, 1 quire

Paper for making of small cartridges, 0.5 quire

Handspikes broke at the main fort, 2

Handspikes to Mr Bland, 3

Handspikes to Mr Flackson, to make helves for pickaxes, 2

Paper for the use of the castle, 1 quire

Match burnt at Banks's, 1.75 lb

Tallow for greasing the gun carriages, 20 lb

Bridge barrel lost by the flood at Sandy Bay, 1

Match lost by the flood at Sandy Bay, 28 lb

Bills lost by the flood at Sandy Bay, 5

Powder horn lost by the flood at Lemon Valley, 1

Cartridge shot lost by the flood at Lemon Valley, 23

Match lost by the flood at Lemon Valley, 7 lb

Sponges lost by the flood at Lemon Valley, 5

Handspikes lost by the flood at Lemon Valley, 8

Worm lost by the flood at Lemon Valley, 1

The signature of John French was entered against the account.

Sundries expended at the table in the month of March 1750

21 bottles port wine, £1 4s 6d

14 bottles lisbon, £3 6s 0d

22 bottles madeira, £2 7s 2.5d

54 bottles Goa arrack, £0 19s 1.5d

50 bottles Batavia arrack, £1 19s 4d

55 bottles beer, £0 13s 9d

92 lb goat, £1 10s 8d

306 lb flour, £2 1s 5.5d

210.5 lb mutton, £4 7s 8.5d

Carried over, £18 16s 8.5d

Interpretations

The floods at Sandy Bay and Lemon Valley cost the gunner a heavy loss of stores, match, cartridge shot, sponges, handspikes, a worm and a powder horn all carried off at the two coastal batteries, the water sweeping through the scattered magazines and taking the working gear with the powder already noted damaged. The wide spread of the loss across two forts marks how exposed the island's dispersed defences stood to its sudden floods, the same storms that killed on the cliff paths now stripping the outlying batteries of the very stores that made them fit to fire, the settlement paying in ruined tackle for keeping its guns spread along a steep and weather-beaten coast.

The handspikes issued to Mr Flackson to make helves for pickaxes show the store turning a gunner's tool to the works, the stout levering bars cut down to make the handles of pickaxes, the same thrift that had made a halberd staff of a sponge stave in the winter. A settlement that shipped in every piece of worked wood put its broken and spare gear to fresh use rather than waste it, the gunner's handspikes made over into helves for the labour, the small economy of an island where nothing was made and every stick had crossed the ocean entered plainly among the losses and issues of the account.

413

407

1750

Brought over £ 18 16 8½

1 Lamb

10

21 Pork

12

373 Beef

3 18 3

16 Fowls

1 4

6 Ducks

9

1 Turkeys

1

10 pr Salt Pork

1

100 Candy

1 9 2

27 Butter

2 7

£ 31 6 1¾

Lieutenant John Clark reports that he has been on board

the Ship Griffin to Muster her Company & Enquire for Deserters but

found none the Muster Roll is as follows Vizt

Muster Roll of Ship Griffin

Thos Dethick Commander

Mr Wm Dominicus 1 Mate

Mr Jno Harvey 2 Do

Mr Ivan Robinson 3 Do

Mr Chas Hudson 4 Do

Mr Jno Mossett 5 Do

Mr Edwd Booth 6 Do

Mr Jno Harvey Surgeon

Mr Thos Lockhart Purser

George Cox Gunner

Robt Andrews Boatswn

Jos Wllion Carpenter

Thos Cotterell Sailmaker

James Gilbert Capt Cook

Edwd Beardemore Do Servt

Wm Purves Ships Do

Robt McFarlen

Jno Griffiths

John Ward

Wm Purcell

Wm Kennedy Midshipmen

Andrew Peter

Jno Papworth

Jno Bennett

John Velton

Robt Nield Coopers

David Portello Ships Cook

Wm Hornby Armourer

Edwd Kirkburne

John Shepherd Quarter

New Harrington Masters

Daniel Solomen

John Fye Capt Clerk

John Speed Surgeons Mate

Andw Merw Gunners Do

Vim Kean Carpenter Do

Sam Laurie Boatn Do

Robt Hall Coopers Do

Archibd Dempster Serjeant

Hen Cambise Barber

John Sullivan Taylor Sept

The steward's sundries for the general table carried over at £18 16s 8.5d, closing with the lamb, veal, beef and the rest at a total of £31 6s 1.75d. Lieutenant John Clark then reported his muster of the Griffin, and her roll followed man by man.

Brought over, £18 16s 8.5d

1 lamb, £0 10s 0d

21 lb veal, £0 12s 0d

313 lb beef, £3 18s 3d

16 fowls, £1 4s 0d

6 ducks, £0 9s 0d

4 turkeys, £1 0s 0d

10 pieces salt pork, £1 0s 0d

100 lb candy, £1 9s 2d

27 lb butter, £2 7s 0d

Total, £31 6s 1.75d

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had been aboard the Griffin to muster her company and enquire for deserters, but found none. The muster roll of the Griffin followed.

Muster roll of the ship Griffin

Thomas Dethick, commander

William Dominicus, first mate

John Harvey, second mate

Isaac Robinson, third mate

Charles Hudson, fourth mate

James Moffett, fifth mate

Edward Booth, sixth mate

William Harvey, surgeon

Thomas Lockhart, purser

George Cox, gunner

Robert Anderson, boatswain

Robert William, carpenter

James Southner, caulker

Thomas Cotterell, sailmaker

James Gilliar, captain's cook

Edward Beardmore, second ditto

William Purves, ship's ditto

Robert McФarlen

John Griffiths

John Ward

William Purcell

William Kennedy, midshipmen

Andrew Peter

John Papworth

James Bennett

John Velton

Robert Reed, cooper

David Batello, ship's cook

William Hornsby, armourer

Edward Kilburne

John Shepherd

William Harrington, quartermasters

Daniel Solomon

John Fry, captain's clerk

John Speed, surgeon's mate

Andrew Mow, gunner's ditto

Vincent Lane, carpenter's ditto

Samuel Laune, boatswain's ditto

Robert Hall, cooper's ditto

Archibald Dempster, serjeant

Henry Cambry, barber

John Sullivan, tailor

Interpretations

The mustering of the Griffin man by man to enquire for deserters shows the standing duty a councillor performed on every ship that touched the road, the roll taken from the commander down through the mates, surgeon, purser and the several tradesmen to the seamen and servants, and checked against any who might have slipped ashore. The island stood always short of men and its garrison thin, so that a deserter from a passing ship was both a loss to the vessel and a temptation to a settlement that could rarely spare a hand, the formal muster the means by which the board kept faith with the shipping and guarded against harbouring runaways, the whole company entered and certified clear before the ship sailed on.

414

408

Sept. Lord Coulson
Wm. Maclure Seaman
Ja. Smith Do.
Robt. Lowther Do.
Alexr. Graham Do.
John Clark Do.
Wm. Fraser Do.
Jacob Heckman Do.
John Wyllies Do.
Danl. Cameron Do.
Danl. Conner Do.
Roger Whelor Do.
Ja. Robertson Do.
Wm. Parrott Do.
John Gudgeon Do.
Robt. Griffiths Do.
John Lyell Do.
Ja. Withers Do.
Richd. Lascelles Do.

Robt. Harding Seaman
Ja. Bayne Do.
John Brandt Do.
Wm. Brown Do.
John Taylor Do.
John Banks Do.
Jno. Burgher Do.
Benj. Jeffreys Do.
George Hatch Do.
Tho. Sword Do.
Wm. Waller Do.
John Melon Do.
Tho. Pallister Do.
Jno. Ward Do.
Simon Jenkins Do.
Chrisr. Stephenson Do.
Robt. Slaughter Do.
Tho. Cotterell Do.
Jno. Cook Do.

Robt. Hays Seaman
John Saunders Do.
John Forrest Do.
Michl. Murphy Do.
John Swieg Do.
Ja. Watson Do.
Wm. Moore Do.
Fran. Harrold Do.
Domingo Sumy Do.
Wm. Vaughan Capt. Servt.
Robt. Dominicus 2nd Mate Do.
Henr. Fordham 2nd Do.
Cha. Baltray Surg. Do.
Wm. Lee Boatswain Do.
Ja. Randall Gunr. Do.
Ja. Watts Carpent. Do.
John Macow Seaman
Wm. Fenn Steward Supercargo
Capt. Robt. Mylene Passenger

The late Mr William Hayes having died intestate, Mr John Clark and Mr Francis Wrangham Junr. were appointed to take an inventory of his effects.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The remainder of the muster roll for the Honourable East India Company ship Gosport listed the following seamen: Lord Coulson, William Maclure, James Smith, Robert Lowther, Alexander Graham, John Clark, William Fraser, Jacob Heckman, John Wyllies, Daniel Cameron, Daniel Conner, Roger Whelor, James Robertson, William Parrott, John Gudgeon, Robert Griffiths, John Lyell, James Withers, Richard Lascelles, Robert Harding, James Bayne, John Brandt, William Brown, John Taylor, John Banks, John Burgher, Benjamin Jeffreys, George Hatch, Thomas Sword, William Waller, John Melon, Thomas Pallister, John Ward, Simon Jenkins, Christopher Stephenson, Robert Slaughter, Thomas Cotterell, John Cook, Robert Hays, John Saunders, John Forrest, Michael Murphy, John Swieg, James Watson, William Moore, Francis Harrold, and Domingo Sumy.

In addition, William Vaughan served as the captain’s servant, Robert Dominicus and Henry Fordham as second mates’ servants, Charles Baltray as the surgeon’s servant, William Lee as the boatswain’s servant, James Randall as the gunner’s servant, and James Watts as the carpenter’s servant. The seaman John Macow and William Fenn, steward to the supercargo, were also listed, together with Captain Robert Mylene, who was recorded as a passenger.

Following the muster, the Council noted that the late Mr William Hayes, who had recently died without leaving a will, required his estate to be properly inventoried. Mr John Clark and Mr Francis Wrangham Junior were accordingly appointed to take an account of his effects.

The entry was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

415

409

At a consultation held on Sunday the 15th day of April 1750 at the Castle

Present
Charles Hutchinson Esq. Governor
Capt. David Hunter Lieut. Governor
Lieutenant John Clark of Council

The last consultation was read, approved, and signed.

Thursday the 12th - Arrived the Honourable Company ship Montfort from China.
Friday the 13th - Sailed the Honourable Company ship Gosport for England.

This day arrived the Honourable Company ship Suffolk, Capt. William Wilson, from England, by which occasion a packet was received from their Honours. The Council therefore met and opened the same, and read their orders.

Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

A consultation of the Council was held at the Castle on Sunday, 15 April 1750. Present were Charles Hutchinson Esquire, Governor; Captain David Hunter, Lieutenant Governor; and Lieutenant John Clark, member of Council. The minutes of the last consultation were read, approved, and signed.

It was noted that on Thursday, 12 April, the Honourable East India Company ship Montfort had arrived from China, and that on the following day, Friday, 13 April, the Honourable Company ship Gosport had departed for England.

On this same day, the Honourable Company ship Suffolk, commanded by Captain William Wilson, arrived from England. By her the island received a packet of letters and orders from the Honourable Court of Directors. The Governor and Council met to open the packet and read the instructions contained therein.

The record was signed by Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

416

410

At a Consultation held on Monday the 16 day of April

1750 at the Castle

Present Charles Hutchinson Esqr Governour

Capt David Hunter Lieut Governour

Lieutenant John Clark of Councill

The last Consultation was read approved and Signed

The Store keeper brought in his Collections and the

Paymaster his Account for the Quarter ending the 31 March last

which were Examined and approved and are as follows Vizt

Collection of Goods Sold & Delivered out of the

Honourable Companys Stores from the 1 January to the 31 March

1750 Vizt

Sold to the Companys Servants at 10 pr Cent

Arrack 74 1/2 Gallons

18 12 6

Brandy 15 1/4 Gallons

3 16 3

Sugar & Candy Vizt

1002 Sugar

31 14

1521 Candy

23 13 8

55 7 8

Bread & Flour Vizt

172 Bread

1 5 1

1654 Flour

12 12 4

166 . 12 Do Baked

115 15 7 1/2

130 1 11

Soap 216

3 17 -

Carried over

242 15 4

At a consultation held on Monday 16 April 1750 at the castle, Governor Charles Hutchinson attended with Captain David Hunter the Lieutenant Governor and Lieutenant John Clark of council. The record of the previous meeting was read, approved and signed. The storekeeper brought in his collection of goods sold and the paymaster his account for the quarter ending 31 March 1750, and both were examined and approved. The following account set out the goods sold and delivered from the Honourable Company's stores between 1 January and 31 March 1750, those sold to the Company's servants being charged at ten per cent above cost.

Sold to the Company's servants at ten per cent:

Arrack, 7 5/8 gallons, £18 12s 6d

Brandy, 15 5/8 gallons, £3 16s 3d

Sugar and candy:

1,902 lb sugar, £31 18s 0d

1,521 lb candy, £23 13s 8d

subtotal, £55 7s 8d

Bread and flour:

172 lb bread, £1 5s 1d

1,654 lb flour, £12 12s 8d

1,662 lb 2/12 double baked, £115 15s 7½d

subtotal, £130 1s 11d

Soap, 216 lb, £3 17s 0d

Carried over, £2,421 5s 4d

Interpretations

The goods were priced to the Company's own servants at ten per cent above the invoice cost, the lowest of the several margins the storekeeper applied by class of buyer. Planters paid twenty-five per cent on cloth, shoes and hosiery and forty per cent on drink, sugar, bread and provisions, while passing ships were supplied at or near cost and a foreign vessel might be charged fifty per cent. The ten per cent rate was in effect a staff concession, letting the garrison and the civil establishment draw their necessaries from the stores at little above what the Company had paid for them.

Double baked bread was ship's biscuit twice through the oven to drive out the last moisture, so that it would keep on a long homeward passage without turning mouldy. It commanded far the heaviest figure in this account at £115 15s 7½d against £1 5s 1d for ordinary table bread, the great disproportion reflecting both the quantity the season's homeward fleet drew for its stores and the extra labour of the second baking. The same imbalance ran through the winter accounts, the double baked line standing well above the soft bread throughout as the Company victualled the Indiamen for the sea rather than the island for the table.

The whole entry is only the servants' portion of a much larger quarterly reckoning, closed here with a running total of £2,421 5s 4d carried forward to be joined with the sums for the other classes of buyer and the Company's own charges. The figure is a subtotal in transit rather than a settled balance, the storekeeper gathering each head of sale in turn before the account was struck.

417

411

1750

Brought over

242 15 4

Tea Vizt

84 Bohea

4 4

5 Congo

7 1

4 11 1

Oil Vizt

5 1/2 G Train

16 6

6 Bottles florence

17 -

1 Gallon Linseed

3 10

1 17 4

Long Cloth Vizt

N 2 pr fine

20 . 6

7 pr 2do

10 17 3

8 pr 3d

18 14 .

3 pr Coarse

2 17 .

61 8 9

Cordage 206

3 . 4

Candles 214

10 8 6

Pepper . 3

1 8

Rice 5 . 4 . 10

2 9 10

Nails Vizt

34 . 6

14 2

4

2 8

32 . 4

14

27 . 10

10 1 1/2

10 Scupper

5 .

12 . 20

4 6

2 10 5 1/2

Beef & Pork Vizt

1382 pr Beef

2/

138 4

4 pr Do

3/-3

12 2

1208 pr Pork

2/

120 16

48 pr Do

2/2

5 4

264 16 2

Carried over

390 19 2 1/2

The account continued from the previous total of £2,421 5s 4d brought over, listing further goods sold and delivered from the Company's stores for the quarter ending 31 March 1750.

Brought over, £2,421 5s 4d

Tea:

8 lb bohea, £0 4s 4d

5 lb congo, £0 7s 1d

subtotal, £0 11s 1d

Oil:

5½ gallons train oil, £0 16s 6d

6 bottles florence oil, £0 17s 0d

1 gallon linseed oil, £0 3s 10d

subtotal, £1 17s 4d

Long cloth:

no. 2, fine, £20 0s 6d

7 pieces, no. 10, £10 17s 3d

8 pieces, no. 3, £18 14s 0d

3 pieces, coarse, £2 17s 0d

subtotal, £61 8s 9d

Cordage, 206 lb, £3 4s 0d

Candles, 219 lb, £10 8s 6d

Pepper, 3 lb, £0 1s 8d

Rice, 5 cwt 1 qtr 10 lb, £2 9s 10d

Nails:

34 lb, sixpenny, £0 14s 2d

4 lb, fourpenny, £0 2s 8d

32 lb, £0 14s 0d

27 lb, tenpenny, £0 10s 1½d

10 lb, scupper, £0 5s 0d

12 lb, twentypenny, £0 4s 6d

subtotal, £2 10s 5½d

Beef and pork:

1,382 lb beef at 2s, £138 4s 0d

4 lb beef at 3s 5d, £0 12s 2d

1,208 lb pork at 2s, £120 16s 0d

18 lb pork at 2s 5d, £0 5s 4d

subtotal, £264 16s 2d

Carried over, £3,090 19s 2¼d

Interpretations

Bohea and congo were both grades of the black tea the Company shipped home from Canton, bohea the cheaper and coarser leaf and congo a finer, more fully fermented sort fetching a better price. Their appearance here at a few shillings a pound, sold in small quantities, shows the garrison and civil servants drawing modest personal parcels of tea from the same chests the homeward ships carried in bulk.

Long cloth was a plain white calico woven in standard lengths on the Coromandel coast, graded by number and by fineness and reckoned among the most valuable classes of Indian textile the Company handled. The several numbered pieces here, running from a fine number two at £20 0s 6d down to a coarse sort at £2 17s 0d, made up the largest single head in this part of the account after the provisions, the buyers taking cloth for shirts and household use at the servants' rate.

Train oil was rendered from the blubber of whales or seals and burned in lamps or worked into leather, while florence oil was a fine olive oil imported in bottles for the table and linseed oil was pressed from flax for paint and wood. The three sorts entered together show the range of a single storekeeper's oil stock, one for light and rough work, one for eating and one for the fabric of buildings.

Beef and pork together formed by far the heaviest charge on this page at £264 16s 2d, the salt provision the island both consumed and sold, priced here at two shillings the pound for the ordinary sort with small quantities of a dearer grade at a higher rate. The scale of the meat against the modest sums for tea, oil and spice marks the essential business of the stores as the victualling of men, the fine goods a sideline beside the barrelled flesh that fed the garrison and provisioned the ships.

418

412

16 April

Brought over

590 19 2 1/2

Flannel 1 Yard

1 6

Salt 11 Bushels

1 14 10

Kersey 10 Yards

15

Long Ellis 10 1/2 Yards

1 4 6

Buckram Vizt

9 1/2 Yards Buckram

8 1

33 1/2 Yards Ozenings

1 1 7

1 pr Hair Cloths

1 2

1 10 10

Pitch Vizt

1 Gallon Tar

9

32 Rozen

7 4

8 1

Glass Ware Vizt

1 Decanter

3 10 1/2

1 Tumbler

6

36 Wine Glasses

18

3 Squares Glass 8 by 10

3 1 1/2

1 Square Do 12 by 12

9 3/4

1 6 3 1/2

Deals Vizt

5 Single

9 2

4 Double

14 8

1 - 10

Thread Vizt

11 Whited Brown

3 14 3

8 Coloured

1 4 4

1 Ounce None

3 1

5 6 8

Shirts Vizt

32 Soldiers

7 9 4

10 pr Cotton Stockings

1 . .

8 9 4

Carried over

622 7 1

The account continued from the total of £3,090 19s 2¼d brought over, listing further goods sold and delivered from the Company's stores for the quarter ending 31 March 1750.

Brought over, £3,090 19s 2¼d

Flannel, 1 yard, £0 1s 6d

Salt, 11 bushels, £1 18s 10d

Kersey, 10 yards, £0 15s 0d

Long ells, 10½ yards, £1 18s 6d

Buckram:

9½ yards buckram, £0 8s 1d

33½ yards ovennings, £1 1s 7d

1 piece hair cloths, £0 1s 2d

subtotal, £1 10s 10d

Pitch:

1 gallon tar, £0 0s 9d

32 dozen, £0 7s 4d

subtotal, £0 8s 1d

Glass ware:

1 decanter, £0 3s 10½d

1 tumbler, £0 0s 6d

36 wine glasses, £0 1s 8d

3 squares glass 8 by 10, £0 3s 1½d

1 square glass 12 by 12, £0 0s 9½d

subtotal, £1 0s 3½d

Deals:

5 single, £0 9s 2d

4 double, £0 11s 8d

subtotal, £1 0s 10d

Thread:

11 lb whited brown, £3 14s 3d

8 lb coloured, £1 9s 4d

1 ounce nuns, £0 3s 1d

subtotal, £5 6s 8d

Shirts:

32 soldiers, £7 9s 4d

10 pairs cotton stockings, £1 0s 0d

subtotal, £8 9s 4d

Carried over, £3,112 7s 1d

Interpretations

Kersey and long ells were both coarse woollen cloths woven in the English west country and shipped out for the garrison and slaves, kersey a stout ribbed cloth for hard wear and long ells a lighter narrow worsted measured in the long ell rather than the ordinary yard. Their sale here alongside flannel shows the storekeeper supplying the makings of working clothes to the servants at the ten per cent rate, the woollens carried out from England for a moderate climate where they answered for cool nights and the winter season.

Buckram was a stiffened linen used to line and shape garments, and the ovennings and hair cloth entered with it were likewise trade stiffenings and interlinings, hair cloth woven partly of horsehair for the firmest stays and facings. The grouping of these materials under one head marks the tailoring side of the stores, the plain cloth on other lines needing these stiffeners before it could be made up into coats and waistcoats.

Nuns thread was a fine white sewing thread, sold here by the single ounce against the pounds of coarser whited brown and coloured thread, the range of weights showing the storekeeper stocking everything from heavy work for canvas and sacking down to the finest for delicate sewing. The whole thread head at £5 6s 8d, modest in itself, was the necessary complement to the cloth and shirts that made up so much of the quarter's sales.

The window glass entered by the square in fixed sizes, eight by ten and twelve by twelve inches, was sold for glazing rather than for the table, distinct from the decanter, tumbler and wine glasses on the same lines that were vessels for drinking. The two kinds of glass under one head reflect the storekeeper holding both the panes that mended the settlement's windows and the finer ware that furnished its tables, the glazing glass answering the standing need to keep the Company's buildings weathertight.

419

413

1750

Brought over

622 7 1

Hosiers Ware 50 pr Thred Stockings

6 17 6

Shoes Vizt

3 pr Pumps

1 16 8

1 pr Venetian Shoes

1 7 .

3 3 8

Garlix 11 3/4 Yards

10 7

Shalloon 18 1/4 Yards

1 18 .

Hocks & Lines Vizt

5 Gross Hooks Sorted

14 11

10 C Blue Hooks

3 4

23 Lines Sorted

8 4

3 Twister

3 6 2

1 10 1 1/2

Paint Vizt

78 Whiting

1 2 1/2

2 Ven . Red

5

4 White Lead

1 2

2 Umber

9

7 1/2 Brimstone

4 1/2

6 1/4 Indico

10 11 1/2

1 Blue Smalts

1 10

1 2 8 1/2

Cutlery Ware Vizt

4 Butchers Knives

1 3

2 pr Shoe Buckles

1 1

12 pr Knee Do

6 1/2

14 pr Leather Garters

5 1/2

1 Case Ivory Knives & forks

1 11 6

1 Ivory Combs

4 1/2

2 9 3

Chellows 3 Peices

1 10 9

Vinegar 5 1/2 Gallons

11 11

Carried over

622 10 7

The account continued from the total of £3,112 7s 1d brought over, listing further goods sold and delivered from the Company's stores for the quarter ending 31 March 1750.

Brought over, £3,112 7s 1d

Hosiery ware, 50 pairs thread stockings, £6 17s 6d

Shoes:

5 pairs pumps, £1 16s 8d

1 pair women's shoes, £1 7s 0d

subtotal, £3 3s 8d

Garlick, 11¾ yards, £0 10s 7d

Shalloon, 18½ yards, £1 18s 0d

Hooks and lines:

5 gross hooks sorted, £0 14s 11d

10 lb blue hooks, £0 3s 4d

23 lines sorted, £0 8s 4d

3 twister, £0 3s 6½d

subtotal, £1 10s 1½d

Paint:

7 lb whiting, £0 1s 2¼d

2 lb vermilion red, £0 0s 6d

4 lb white lead, £0 1s 2d

2 lb umber, £0 0s 9d

7½ lb brimstone, £0 1s 1½d

6½ lb indigo, £0 16s 11½d

1 lb blue smalts, £0 1s 10d

subtotal, £1 2s 8½d

Cutlery ware:

4 butchers' knives, £0 1s 3d

2 pairs shoe buckles, £0 1s 1d

12 pairs knee buckles, £0 0s 6d

11 pairs leather garters, £0 5s ½d

1 case ivory knives and forks, £1 11s 6d

1 ivory combs, £0 4s 1½d

subtotal, £2 9s 3d

Shalloons, 3 pieces, £1 10s 9d

Vinegar, 5½ gallons, £0 11s 11d

Carried over, £3,122 10s 7d

Interpretations

Shalloon was a lightweight twilled woollen used chiefly to line coats and cloaks, appearing here both by the yard and by the whole piece, distinct from the heavier kerseys and long ells sold for outer garments earlier in the account. Its recurrence under two separate heads on the same page shows the storekeeper drawing on the stock as buyers took it both in cut lengths and in bulk, the lining cloth in steady demand wherever the plain woollens were made up.

The paint head gathered pigments and materials sold by the pound for mixing colour rather than any ready paint, whiting being ground chalk for a white base, umber and vermilion for brown and red, and white lead as the standard body of most oil paints. Indigo and blue smalts stood out as the dearest of them, indigo a deep blue dye from the plant of that name and smalts a blue glass ground fine for colouring, the two blues alone accounting for the greater part of the head's value against the pennies charged for the commoner earths.

Brimstone entered among the paints was sulphur, sold not to colour but to be worked into medicines, fumigations and matches, its placement here reflecting the storekeeper's grouping of sundry chemical stores together rather than any painter's use. The single pound at a little over a shilling shows it moving in small household quantities, one of the many minor materials the stores held against the settlement's occasional needs.

The cutlery head ran from plain butchers' knives at a few pence to a cased set of ivory handled knives and forks at £1 11s 6d, by far the dearest item in it, the ivory work marking a piece of some quality bought for a private table. The mixture of rough tools and fine tableware under one clerical head, together with the shoe and knee buckles and leather garters entered beside them, shows how loosely the storekeeper's categories gathered the small metal and dress goods that did not fall neatly under cloth or provisions.

420

414

16 April

Brought over

622 10 7

Coals 2 Bushels

2 3 1/2

Hats 1 Mans

17 8

Broad Cloth Vizt

10 1/2 Yards Sorted

15 1 10 1/2

3 Yds Grey

1 8

16 9 10 1/2

Lead Vizt

55 Small Shott

8 10

4 Sheet Lead

10 1/2

9 8 1/2

Ironmongers Ware Vizt

3 Broad Hoes

3 9

1 Scraper

1 10

5 Shod Shovels

8 4

1 Chafing Dish

6 1

1 hand Hatchet

1 10

1 Mawl

4 4

1 Wood Ax

2 5

1 Ironium Lock

4 8

1 pr H. Hinges

5 2

1 Scyth Stone

2

2 Cupboard Locks

5 6

2 5 10

Haberdashery Ware Vizt

12 Doz Mohair C Buttons

8 .

8 Doz Do Breast

2 8

8 Doz Gilt B Buttons

4 6

2 Doz White M C4 Do

11 1/2

4 Doz Do B Do

1 2

36 Yds Mohair

13 6

1 C Needles

1 3

18 Doz Shirt Buttons

2 1 1/2

5 Doz Sm B Do

7 1/2

1 14 10

Carried over

664 12 5 1/2

The account continued from the total of £3,122 10s 7d brought over, listing further goods sold and delivered from the Company's stores for the quarter ending 31 March 1750.

Brought over, £3,122 10s 7d

Coals, 2 bushels, £0 2s 3½d

Hats, 1 man's, £0 17s 8d

Broad cloth:

16½ yards sorted, £15 1s 10½d

3 yards grey, £1 8s 0d

subtotal, £16 9s 10½d

Lead:

53 lb small shot, £0 8s 10d

4 lb sheet lead, £0 0s 10½d

subtotal, £0 9s 8½d

Ironmongery ware:

3 broad hoes, £0 3s 9d

1 scraper, £0 1s 10d

5 shod shovels, £0 8s 4d

1 chafing dish, £0 6s 1d

1 hand hatchet, £0 1s 10d

1 maul, £0 4s 1d

1 wood axe, £0 2s 5d

1 iron rim lock, £0 4s 8d

1 pair H hinges, £0 5s 2d

1 scythe stone, £0 0s 2d

2 cupboard locks, £0 3s 6d

subtotal, £2 5s 10d

Haberdashery ware:

12 dozen mohair coat buttons, £0 8s 0d

8 dozen mohair breast buttons, £0 2s 8d

8 dozen gilt breast buttons, £0 1s 0d

2 dozen white metal coat buttons, £0 1s 1½d

4 dozen white metal breast buttons, £0 1s 2d

36 pieces mohair, £0 13s 6d

1 dozen needles, £0 0s 1½d

18 dozen shirt buttons, £0 2s 1½d

5 dozen tin breast buttons, £0 0s 7½d

subtotal, £1 14s 10d

Carried over, £3,164 12s 5½d

Interpretations

Broad cloth was the finest and most tightly woven of the English woollens, milled and dressed to a smooth close face and sold by the yard at a far higher rate than the kerseys, long ells and shalloons on the earlier pages. Its sorted lengths here at £15 1s 10½d made it the dearest single head on this part of the account, the cloth from which the better coats of officers and gentlemen were cut, distinct in quality and price from the coarse stuffs issued to soldiers and slaves.

The ironmongery head brought together the settlement's working iron, the broad hoes and shod shovels for the plantations, the hatchet, maul and wood axe for felling and building, and the several locks and hinges for its doors and cupboards. The grouping shows the storekeeper holding the whole range of edge tools and builders' iron under one head, the goods that kept the Company's ground worked and its buildings secure, sold to the servants for their own use at the standard rate.

The haberdashery head was almost wholly buttons, counted by the dozen in mohair, gilt, white metal and tin and graded between the larger coat buttons and the smaller breast buttons, together with a little mohair binding and a dozen needles. The fine gradation of button sorts, each at a few pence, reflects the tailoring economy of the settlement, where coats and waistcoats were made and mended on the island and the small trimmings had to be drawn from the stores like any other necessary.

Small shot and sheet lead entered together under the lead head served two different purposes from the same soft metal, the shot for fowling pieces and the sheet lead for flashing, weighting and repairs. Their sale to servants in small quantities shows the stores meeting private needs for both sporting powder and building material, the lead worked on the island into whatever shape the buyer required.

421

415

1750

Brought over

664 12 5 1/2

Hair Powder 7

2 6 1/2

Iron 91

12 4

Linnen 9 pr

14 9 6

Tin Ware Vizt

1 Driping Pan

4 11 1/2

1 Doz Lanthorn Leaves

2 3

2 fialding Pans

3 4

10 6 1/2

Cork Wood 7

7

Pewter Vizt

2 Bason

4 4

1 Cullinder

6 4

10 9

Canvas 2 pr 7 1/2 Yds Sacking

3 2 2

Turners Ware Vizt

10 Shoe Brushes

6 5 1/2

1 Wood Ladles

2 1/2

1 Hair Broom

3 7

1 french Ladles

1 1/2

10 10 1/2

China Ware Vizt

30 Soup plates

13 9

14 Bowls Sorted

15 2 1/2

3 Salled Dishes

2 6

14 Smokers

18

6 Guglet & Basons

11 .

1 Jug & Bason

1 1/2

1 Teapott

3 4 4

Braziers Ware Vizt

1 Flat Candlestick

2 3

1 Trimmer

2 4

1 Copper Saucepan

3 10

8 10

688 6 11

The account continued from the total of £3,164 12s 5½d brought over, listing further goods sold and delivered from the Company's stores for the quarter ending 31 March 1750.

Brought over, £3,164 12s 5½d

Hair powder, 7 lb, £0 2s 6½d

Iron, 91 lb, £0 11s 4d

Linen, 9 pairs, £0 18s 9d

Tin ware:

1 dripping pan, £0 4s 11½d

1 dozen lanthorn leaves, £0 2s 3d

2 pudding pans, £0 3s 4d

subtotal, £0 10s 6½d

Cork wood, £0 0s 7d

Pewter:

2 basins, £0 4s 1d

1 cullender, £0 6s 8d

subtotal, £0 10s 9d

Canvas, 2 pieces 7 5/8 yards sacking, £3 2s 2d

Turners' ware:

10 shoe brushes, £0 6s 5½d

1 wood ladle, £0 0s 2½d

1 hair broom, £0 3s 7d

1 punch ladle, £0 1s 2½d

subtotal, £0 10s 10½d

China ware:

30 soup plates, £0 13s 9d

14 bowls sorted, £0 15s 2½d

3 salted dishes, £0 2s 6d

14 saucers, £0 3s 6d

14 sneakers, £0 18s 0d

6 guglets and basins, £0 11s 0d

1 jug and basin, £0 1s 4½d

1 teapot, £0 0s 6d

subtotal, £3 4s 4d

Braziers' ware:

1 flat candlestick, £0 2s 3d

1 trimmer, £0 2s 9d

1 pepper saucepan, £0 3s 10d

subtotal, £0 8s 10d

Carried over, £3,175 6s 11d

Interpretations

The tin, pewter, china and braziers' ware heads together set out the whole run of the settlement's tableware and kitchen vessels, graded by the metal or material each was made of. Tin ware covered the light stamped pans and lanthorn plates, pewter the cast basins and colander, braziers' ware the worked brass of candlesticks and saucepans, and china the imported earthenware and porcelain, the storekeeper separating each by its manufacture so that a buyer furnishing a household drew from four distinct heads.

Guglets and sneakers among the china ware were both drinking vessels shipped from the East, a guglet a long necked porous jar that kept water cool by slow evaporation and a sneaker a small basin or cup for punch or spirits. Their appearance alongside the soup plates, bowls and single teapot shows the range of the Company's chinaware trade, the same chests furnishing both the ordinary table and the particular vessels the eastern settlements had made familiar.

Sacking canvas at £3 2s 2d was the heaviest single item on this part of the account, a coarse open cloth woven for bags and wrappers rather than for wear, needed in quantity to hold and move the grain, sugar and other loose goods the stores handled. Its value against the pennies charged for the small metal and earthen wares marks the constant demand for packing material in a settlement that received and forwarded goods by the shipload.

Hair powder sold by the pound was the scented starch gentlemen and their servants dressed their wigs and hair with, a small mark of fashion drawn from the same stores that furnished hoes and sacking. Its presence at a few pence beside the working iron and packing canvas shows how the storekeeper's stock reached from the roughest necessaries of the plantation to the niceties of personal grooming, all supplied to the servants at the ten per cent rate.

422

416

16 April

Sold to the Planters at 6 25 pr Cent

Shoes Vizt

6 pr Womens Spanish

1 13 9

1 pr Callimanco

6 1

2 pr Girls

5 .

1 pr Mens Pumps

8 4

1 pr Ms fine Shoes

7 9

3 . 11

Broad Cloth 17 1/2 Yards Sorted

7 13 12

Buckram 13 1/2 Yards

13 6

Hosiers Ware 3 pr Womens Stockings

12 .

Long Ellis 16 Yds

1 12 8

Shalloon 7 Yds

16 4

Garlix 2 1/2 Yds

4 8

Long Cloth 2 pr fine

2 10 6

Hats Vizt

2 Mens

2 4

6 Boys

9 13

4 5 3

Chellows 1 pr

14 8

Flannel 3 Yds

5 3

Muslin 1 pr

11 2 1/2

Sold at 10 pr Cent

Arrack 2 1/2 Gallons

15 .

Sugar & Candy Vizt

417 Sugar

8 13 9

658 Candy

13 14 2

22 7 11

Soap 57

2 . 4 1/2

Tea 11 Bohea

14 8

Salt 2 1/2 Bushels

10 2 1/2

Carried over

49 7 3

A fresh account opened here, setting out the goods sold and delivered from the Company's stores to the planters at twenty-five per cent above cost, followed by a further parcel sold at forty per cent.

Sold to the planters at twenty-five per cent:

Shoes:

6 pairs women's spanish, £1 13s 9d

1 pair callimanco, £0 6s 1d

2 pairs girls', £0 5s 0d

1 pair men's pumps, £0 8s 1d

1 pair men's fine shoes, £0 7s 9d

subtotal, £3 0s 11d

Broad cloth, 17½ yards sorted, £7 15s 12d

Buckram, 13½ yards, £0 13s 6d

Hosiery ware, 3 pairs women's stockings, £0 12s 0d

Long ells, 16 yards, £1 12s 8d

Shalloon, 7 yards, £0 16s 4d

Garlick, 22 yards, £0 4s 8d

Long cloth, ½ piece fine, £2 10s 6d

Hats:

2 men's, £2 4s 0d

6 boys', £2 1s 3d

subtotal, £4 5s 3d

Shalloons, 1 piece, £0 11s 8d

Flannel, 3 yards, £0 5s 3d

Muslin, 1 piece, £0 11s 2¼d

Sold at forty per cent:

Arrack, 2½ gallons, £0 15s 0d

Sugar and candy:

417 lb sugar, £8 13s 9d

658 lb candy, £13 14s 2d

subtotal, £22 7s 11d

Soap, 57 lb, £0 2s 4½d

Tea, 11 lb bohea, £0 14s 8d

Salt, 2½ bushels, £0 10s 2¼d

Carried over, £49 7s 3d

Interpretations

The planters were charged twenty-five per cent above cost on cloth, shoes and hosiery and forty per cent on drink, sugar, tea, soap and salt, the two rates set out here as separate headings within the one account. The heavier margin fell on the consumable goods the settlers could not make for themselves and would buy whatever the price, while the lighter rate on cloth and shoes left some room for their own trade, the Company pricing each class to what the buyer's need would bear.

Spanish and callimanco shoes named among the women's footwear denoted the leather and the cloth of the upper, spanish a fine soft leather and callimanco a glazed woollen stuff woven with a lustrous face. Their sale to the planters at the twenty-five per cent rate shows the settlers' households buying dress shoes of some quality from the stores, the several sorts graded by material and by wearer from men's fine shoes down to girls' pairs.

The forty per cent margin on sugar and candy, together yielding £22 7s 11d, made this the heaviest head of the planters' account, the settlers buying the refined sweetening in quantity though the island lay far from any cane of its own. The Company drew the sugar and the harder candy from its homeward Indiamen and passed it to the planters at its steepest rate, the demand steady enough that the high margin did not check the sale.

The division of the planters' purchases into two rates on one page reveals the storekeeper's pricing as a deliberate instrument rather than a flat mark-up, the cheaper goods that competed with the settlers' own supply set low and the necessaries they depended on set high. The same buyer met both rates in a single visit to the stores, the Company taking its larger profit precisely where the planter had least choice.

423

417

1750

Brought over

49 7 3

Oil Vizt

1 1/2 Gallon Train

5 9

1/2 Gallon Linseed

2 5

8 2

Cordage 771

11 10 3

Osenbrigs 28 1/2 Yds

1 3 9

Hooks & Lines Vizt

21 Doz Hooks Sorted

5 5 1/2

2 C Blue Hooks

10

6 Hambro Lines

5 3

12 6 1/2

Cutlery Ware Vizt

2 Ivory Combs

3 6

4 pr Shoe Buckles

2 8

6 2

Thread Vizt

5 Coloured

1 3 4

2 Whited Brown

1 7 2

2 . 6

Nails Vizt

2 Scupper

1 4

8 . 4

1 8

20 . 6

10 10

4 . 2

5 1/2

133 . 10

6 2

12 . 20

5 6

6 . 40

2 7 1/2

1 11 7

Long Ellis 20 Yds

2 6 8

Garlix 17 Yds

2 1

Shalloon 5 Yds

10

Carried over

72 18 11 1/2

The account continued from the total of £49 7s 3d brought over, listing further goods sold and delivered from the Company's stores to the planters for the quarter ending 31 March 1750.

Brought over, £49 7s 3d

Oil:

1½ gallons train, £0 5s 9d

½ gallon linseed, £0 2s 3d

subtotal, £0 8s 2d

Cordage, 77 lb, £1 10s 3d

Osnaburgs, 28½ yards, £1 3s 9d

Hooks and lines:

21 dozen hooks sorted, £0 5s 5½d

2 dozen blue hooks, £0 0s 10d

6 hamburg lines, £0 5s 3d

subtotal, £0 12s 6½d

Cutlery ware:

2 ivory combs, £0 3s 6d

1 pair shoe buckles, £0 2s 8d

subtotal, £0 6s 2d

Thread:

5 lb coloured, £1 3s 4d

2 lb whited brown, £0 17s 2d

subtotal, £2 0s 6d

Nails:

2 lb scupper, £0 1s 4d

8 lb fourpenny, £0 1s 8d

20 lb sixpenny, £0 10s 10d

4 lb twopenny, £0 0s 5½d

133 lb tenpenny, £0 5s 6d

12 lb twentypenny, £0 2s 7½d

6 lb fortypenny, £0 2s 7½d

subtotal, £1 11s 7d

Long ells, 20 yards, £2 6s 8d

Garlick, 17 yards, £0 2s 1d

Shalloon, 15 yards, £0 10s 0d

Carried over, £72 18s 11½d

Interpretations

Osnaburgs were a coarse unbleached linen woven originally in Germany and named from the town of Osnabrück, shipped out in quantity as a cheap durable cloth for working clothes, bagging and slaves' garments. Its sale to the planters here at just over a shilling the yard, alongside the coarse garlick lower on the page, shows the settlers drawing the plainest cloths from the stores for their households and their labourers, the rough linens set well below the woollens and the fine long cloth in both quality and price.

Hamburg lines among the hooks and lines were fishing lines of a hemp cord made in that port and imported for the island's fishery, entered with the sorted and blue hooks that furnished the same trade. Their sale to the planters marks fishing as an ordinary pursuit of the settlers as well as the Company, the stores holding the tackle to be bought like any other necessary, the sea a standing resource for households on a small remote island.

The nails were graded and sold by the penny weight, the old measure by which a size of nail took its name from the price of a hundred, running here from the small twopenny and fourpenny up to the heavy fortypenny for stout timber work. The wide range under one head, the great bulk being 133 lb of tenpenny, shows the storekeeper holding every size the settlement's carpentry required and the planters buying nails by the pound for their own building and fencing.

Coloured and whited brown thread sold together at the twenty-five per cent rate were the sewing threads the planters' households needed to make up the cloth bought on the same account, the coloured for finished work and the whited brown for coarser stitching. The pairing of cloth, thread and buttons across the planters' purchases reflects a settlement where garments were cut and sewn at home, the stores supplying not the made clothes but the materials and the means to fashion them.

424

418

16 April

Brought over

72 18 11 1/2

Paint Vizt

10 Whiting

10

2 Ven Red

6 1/2

14 Indico

2 11

4 . 3 1/2

Candles 28

2 13 8

Pepper 2

1 6

Pitch & Do Vizt

30 Turpentine

5 7 1/2

25 Rozen

7 3 1/2

12 11

Vinegar 1 Gallon

2 11

Pork 3 pr

8 3

Haberdashery Ware Vizt

4 doz Mohair C4 Buttons

3 4

3 doz B Do

1 3

3 doz G C Do

4 3

6 doz G B Do

4 3

4 doz Sm C Do

1 2

18 doz Sm B Do

2 7 1/2

22 Yds Mohair

11 .

1 7 10 1/2

Ironmongers Ware Vizt

3 Shod Shovels

6 9

2 Pickaxes

6 2

1 Meow Cutter

4

2 Broad Hoes

4 10

1 File

1 1

1 Cupboard Lock

3 6

1 6 4

Glass Ware Vizt

5 Sq Glass 8 by 10

6 8

6 Wine Glasses

4 .

10 8

Carried over

80 7 2 1/2

The account continued from the total of £72 18s 11½d brought over, listing further goods sold and delivered from the Company's stores to the planters for the quarter ending 31 March 1750.

Brought over, £72 18s 11½d

Paint:

2 lb whiting, £0 0s 10d

3 lb vermilion red, £0 0s 6½d

1 lb indigo, £0 2s 11d

subtotal, £0 4s 3½d

Candles, 28 lb, £2 13s 8d

Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 5d

Pitch, 4 dozen:

30 turpentine, £0 5s 7½d

25 rosin, £0 7s 3½d

subtotal, £0 12s 11d

Vinegar, 16 gallons, £0 2s 10d

Pork, 3 lb, £0 8s 3d

Haberdashery ware:

4 dozen mohair coat buttons, £0 3s 4d

3 dozen mohair breast buttons, £0 1s 3d

3 dozen gilt coat buttons, £0 4s 3d

6 dozen gilt breast buttons, £0 4s 3d

4 dozen tin coat buttons, £0 1s 2d

18 dozen shirt buttons, £0 2s 7½d

22 pieces mohair, £0 11s 0d

subtotal, £1 7s 10½d

Ironmongery ware:

3 shod shovels, £0 6s 9d

2 pickaxes, £0 6s 2d

1 straw cutter, £0 4s 0d

2 broad hoes, £0 4s 10d

1 file, £0 1s 1d

1 cupboard lock, £0 3s 6d

subtotal, £1 6s 4d

Glass ware:

5 squares glass 8 by 10, £0 6s 8d

6 wine glasses, £0 4s 0d

subtotal, £0 10s 8d

Carried over, £80 7s 2½d

Interpretations

Turpentine and rosin sold together under the pitch head were both products of the pine, turpentine the fluid resin used in paints, varnishes and medicines and rosin the solid residue left after its distillation, worked into pitch for caulking and into a range of household uses. Their grouping with the naval stores shows the storekeeper holding the whole run of pine products together, the materials that sealed the settlement's boats and buildings and served its painters and its sick alike.

A straw cutter among the ironmongery was a bladed tool for chopping straw and fodder into short lengths for stock feed, entered here beside the shovels, pickaxes and hoes that worked the planters' ground. Its sale marks the settlers' care of their cattle as well as their crops, the same visit to the stores furnishing the tools to till the land and to prepare the feed that carried the beasts through the leaner season.

The haberdashery head, as on the servants' account, was almost wholly buttons counted by the dozen and graded by material and by size, the mohair, gilt and tin sorts each divided between the larger coat and the smaller breast buttons. The recurrence of the same fine button gradations on the planters' page confirms that the settlers, like the garrison, made and mended their coats and shirts at home and drew the small trimmings from the Company's stores at the going rate.

The window glass sold to the planters by the fixed square, five panes of eight by ten inches, shows the settlers glazing their own houses from the same stock that mended the Company's buildings. The steady appearance of glazing glass across both the servants' and the planters' accounts reflects a standing demand to keep dwellings weathertight against the wind and the wet season, the panes cut to set sizes and bought a few at a time as windows failed.

425

419

1750

Brought over

80 7 2 1/2

Tin Ware Vizt

2 fialding Pans

11

1 Driping Pan

6 4

7 5

Canvas 7 Yds Sacking

9 11

Pewter 1 Cullender

8 5

Braziers Ware 1 Ladle

3 4 1/2

China Ware 2 Smokers

8

Twine 1 Skain

6 1/2

Lead C Shot

1 6

Bread & Flour Vizt

12 Bread

2 6

592 Flour

9 5 10

9 8 4

91 7 1/2

Sold to the Dawes Ship at 50 pr Cent

Glass Ware 2 Sq 12 by 12

2 2 1/2

Sold to the Companys Ships Vizt

Pitch Vizt

2 1/2 Barrels Pitch

4 5

1 Barrel Turpentine

2 3 8

30 Rozen

11 3 1/2

7 5 1 1/2

Blocks Vizt

3 Clewlines

6 9

1 Shrowd Do

4 3

11

Cordage 13 . 2 . 17

28 13 4 1/2

Carried over

36 9 6

The account continued from the total of £80 7s 2½d brought over, closing the planters' collection at forty per cent, after which came a small parcel sold to a Danish ship and then the goods supplied to the Company's own ships.

Brought over, £80 7s 2½d

Tin ware:

2 pint saucepans, £0 1s 1d

1 dripping pan, £0 6s 4d

subtotal, £0 7s 5d

Canvas, 7 yards sacking, £0 9s 11d

Pewter, 1 cullender, £0 8s 5d

Braziers' ware, 1 ladle, £0 3s 4½d

China ware, 2 sneakers, £0 0s 8d

Twine, 1 skein, £0 6s 2d

Lead, 6 lb shot, £0 1s 0d

Bread and flour:

12 lb bread, £0 2s 0d

592 lb flour, £9 5s 10d

subtotal, £9 8s 4d

Total, £91 7s 1½d

Sold to the Danish ship at fifty per cent:

Glass ware, 2 squares 12 by 12, £0 2s 2½d

Sold to the Company's ships:

Pitch:

2½ barrels pitch, £4 5s 0d

1 barrel turpentine, £2 8s 8d

50 rosin, £0 11s 3½d

subtotal, £7 5s 1½d

Blocks:

3 clewlines, £0 6s 9d

1 shoulder ditto, £0 4s 3d

subtotal, £0 11s 0d

Cordage, 13 cwt 2 qtr 17 lb, £28 13s 4½d

Carried over, £36 9s 6d

Interpretations

The planters' whole collection closed at £91 7s 1½d, the two rates of twenty-five and forty per cent together, before the storekeeper turned to the two remaining classes of buyer on the same page. The account was built up head by head across several leaves and struck only when the last of the settlers' purchases was entered, the running total carrying the settlers' portion clear of the sums that followed for the foreign and the Company's ships.

A single small parcel of window glass was sold to the Danish ship at fifty per cent, the highest of all the storekeeper's rates and reserved for the foreign vessel that had no claim on the Company's stores beyond what it would pay. The rate reveals the pricing as a matter of standing and bargaining power, the stranger charged half as much again as the Company's own servants for the same panes, the island taking what advantage it could from a chance sale to an outsider.

The goods sold to the Company's own ships were supplied at or near cost and were wholly different in kind from the households' purchases, the pitch, turpentine, rosin, blocks and cordage being the sea stores that fitted a vessel for her voyage. Cordage alone at £28 13s 4½d, more than 13 hundredweight of rope, was by far the heaviest item, the homeward Indiamen drawing rigging and caulking materials from the island to make good the wear of the passage from India.

Clewlines and a shoulder block among the ships' stores were parts of the running rigging, a clewline the rope that hauled up the lower corner of a sail and the block the pulley through which such lines were led. Their sale to the Company's ships at cost shows the stores acting as a chandlery for the fleet, holding the particular gear a vessel needed to repair her rigging in the road before setting out again for England.

426

420

16 April

Brought over

36 9 6

Turners Ware Vizt

6 Labourers Baskets

4 9

8 Paint Brushes

4 8

9 5

Paint Vizt

50 Brimstone

16 8

30 Red Lead

17 11

20 Ven Red

5 5

32 White Lead

12 .

10 Verdegrease

2 3 4

2 Barrels Blacking

1 1 8

3 Blue Smalts

5 6

6 2 6

Twine 60 Sks

2 15

Hooks 6 Doz

1 10

Osenbrigs 3 Bolts 44 Yds

19 . 2

Bread & Flour Vizt

16 C Bread

18 13 4

24 C Flour

28 .

46 13 4

Coals 2 Bushels

2 11

Lead 1 . 1 . 18 Shot

1 19 6

Beef & Pork Vizt

6 Puncheons Beef

99 18

8 Whole Pork

102 2

202 .

Canvas Vizt

1 Bolt 18 3/4 Yds Duck

5 6 9 1/4

1 Bolt Eng Canvas

2 12 6

7 19 3 1/4

Tin Ware 72 Lanthorn Leaves

13

Carried over

324 6 5 1/4

The account continued from the total of £36 9s 6d brought over, listing further goods supplied to the Company's ships for the quarter ending 31 March 1750.

Brought over, £36 9s 6d

Turners' ware:

6 labourers' baskets, £0 4s 9d

8 paint brushes, £0 4s 8d

subtotal, £0 9s 5d

Paint:

50 lb brimstone, £0 16s 8d

50 lb red lead, £0 17s 11d

20 lb vermilion red, £0 5s 5d

32 lb white lead, £0 12s 0d

10 lb verdigris, £0 2s 3½d

2 barrels blacking, £1 1s 8d

3 lb blue smalts, £0 5s 6d

subtotal, £6 2s 6d

Twine, 60 lb, £2 15s 0d

Hooks, 6 dozen, £0 1s 10d

Osnaburgs, 3 bolts 44 yards, £0 19s 2d

Bread and flour:

16 cwt bread, £18 13s 4d

24 cwt flour, £28 0s 0d

subtotal, £46 13s 4d

Coals, 2 bushels, £0 2s 11d

Lead, 1 cwt 1 qtr 18 lb sheet, £1 19s 6d

Beef and pork:

6 puncheons beef, £99 18s 0d

8 shots pork, £102 2s 0d

subtotal, £202 0s 0d

Canvas:

1 bolt 15¾ yards duck, £5 6s 9½d

1 bolt english canvas, £2 12s 6d

subtotal, £7 19s 3½d

Tin ware, 72 lanthorn leaves, £0 13s 0d

Carried over, £324 6s 5½d

Interpretations

Salt beef and pork together at £202 0s 0d were by far the heaviest charge on this page and the greatest single item in the whole run of the ships' supply, the barrelled provisions the Company's Indiamen took aboard in bulk to victual their crews on the long homeward passage. The puncheons of beef and shots of pork drew down the island's herds, which had been bred up through the empty winter for just this demand, the fleet of the 1750 season each ship laying in her meat before sailing.

Bread and flour at £46 13s 4d were the next heaviest, the double baked biscuit and the flour furnishing the ships' bread for the voyage alongside the salt meat. The island served the homeward fleet as a victualling station, the storekeeper's business at this season turning on the great weights of provision the vessels carried off, the small household wares of the earlier pages giving way to the bulk supply that fitted a ship for months at sea.

Verdigris among the paints was the green pigment formed on copper by the action of vinegar or acid, used both as a colour and in ship's paint for its resistance to weather, entered here with the red and white leads and the blue smalts. The larger quantities of pigment on the ships' account against the household pounds reflect the painting and preserving of the vessels themselves, the Company's ships drawing paint by the pound and blacking by the barrel to protect their timbers and ironwork.

Duck and english canvas sold to the ships were two grades of sailcloth, duck a strong closely woven cotton or linen for the harder wearing sails and english canvas the home woven cloth for the same use. Their supply by the bolt, together with the twine, cordage and blocks on the earlier page, shows the stores furnishing the whole range of a vessel's sailmaking and rigging needs, the island holding the materials to repair sails worn by the passage before the ships stood on for home.

427

421

1750

Brought over

324 6 5 1/4

Nails Vizt

50 . 20

1 2 11

22 . 6

11 11

7 Scupper

4 8

17 Spikes

6 4 1/2

19 . 10

8 8 1/2

6 . 4

3 6

10 . 2

9 2

15 . 10

6 6 3/4

3 13 9 3/4

Leather 9 1/2

13 5 1/2

Mops 4

4

Oil 35 1/2 Gallons Linseed

8 11 7

Salt 3 1/2 Bushels

13 4

338 2 7 1/2

Charges General Dr for the following Stores

found from the 1 January to the 31 March 1750 Vizt

Lines Vizt

2 Hambro for the Castle

1 3

2 Small for the Sawer & Whipe for the Marshal

8

1 11

Oil Vizt

6 1/2 Gallon Trair for the Kitchen & Bake House

16 11

1/2 Gallon Lin to make putty for the Castle Windows

5 1/2

17 4 1/2

Paint Vizt

4 Indico for Linnen

6 8

2 Blue Smalts

10

9 Whiting

1

60 White Lead

15

for painting & putty for

Windows in the Castle

1 2 7

Carried over

2 1 10 1/2

The account continued from the total of £324 6s 5½d brought over, closing the goods supplied to the Company's ships, after which the storekeeper opened the charges general for the same quarter.

Brought over, £324 6s 5½d

Nails:

50 lb twentypenny, £1 2s 11d

22 lb sixpenny, £0 11s 11d

7 lb scupper, £0 4s 8d

17 lb spikes, £0 6s 8½d

19 lb tenpenny, £0 8s 8½d

6 lb fourpenny, £0 3s 6d

10 lb twopenny, £0 9s 2d

15 lb tenpenny, £0 6s 6¾d

subtotal, £3 13s 9¾d

Leather, 9½ lb, £0 13s 5½d

Mops, 4, £0 4s 0d

Oil, 35½ gallons linseed, £8 11s 7d

Salt, 3½ bushels, £0 13s 1d

Total, £338 2s 7½d

Charges general, for the following stores, found from 1 January to 31 March 1750:

Lines:

2 hamburg for the castle, £0 1s 3d

2 small for the sewer and whips for the marshal, £0 0s 8d

subtotal, £0 1s 11d

Oil:

6½ gallons train for the kitchen and to bake tallow, £0 16s 11d

⅛ gallon linseed to make putty for the castle windows, £0 0s 5½d

subtotal, £0 17s 4½d

Paint:

4 lb indigo for servants, £0 6s 8d

½ lb blue smalts, £0 0s 10d

2 lb whiting, £0 0s 1d

6 lb white lead, £0 1s 5d

subtotal, £1 2s 7d

Carried over, £2 1s 10½d

Interpretations

The charges general were the goods the Company drew from its own stores for its own use rather than for sale, kept as a distinct account from the buyers' collections so that the settlement's running costs could be told apart from its trade. The heading opened the second great division of the storekeeper's quarterly reckoning, each item entered with the particular purpose it served, the oil for the kitchen, the putty for the castle windows and the paint for the servants set down against the stores they consumed.

The linseed oil taken to make putty for the castle windows shows the settlement working up its own materials rather than buying the finished article, putty being linseed oil beaten with whiting into a paste for setting and sealing glass. The pairing of the oil and whiting on adjoining lines for the same purpose reveals the storekeeper accounting for each ingredient of a made compound separately, the raw materials issued from stock and the glazing done by the Company's own hands.

The lines supplied to the castle, the sewer and the marshal set out three small institutional needs met from one head, the hamburg lines for the castle, the small lines for the sewer and the whips for the marshal who kept order and executed the board's sentences. The grouping of these unrelated uses under the single head of lines shows the account organised by the kind of material issued rather than by the office that received it, the storekeeper tracking the stock and noting its destination against each parcel.

The paint charged to the Company included a quantity of indigo entered as for the servants, the deep blue dye issued to colour the cloth or clothing of the establishment's people rather than to paint any surface. Its appearance among the true paints under one head, distinguished only by the note of its purpose, marks the loose reach of the storekeeper's categories, the same pigment serving as dye or as paint according to the need it was drawn for.

428

422

16 April

Brought over

2 1 10 1/2

Turners Ware Vizt

2 Paint Brushes for painting

10

2 Pump Boxes for the Well at the Great House

1 11

2 9

Iron 231 for the use of the Armourrs Shop

1 8 6 1/2

Glass Ware Vizt

22 Wine Glasses

10 1

6 Tumblers for the Castle

2 9

6 Sq Crown Glass

2 6

4 Sq Glass 8 by 10 for repairing the Castle

3 8

Windows broke upon delivering

7 Sq Do 13 by 12 Admiral Boscawen

5 1/2

1 4 1/2

Canvas 20 Yds Duck to make Umbrelloes

1 6 8

Twine 2 Skains for Windows in the Castle

1 2

Iron Ware Vizt

34 Files for the Armourer

1 5 6

2 Augers

5 3 1/2

2 Socket Chisels for the Carpenter

1 6

1 Padlock for the Cellar Door in the Castle

1 10

1 14 1/2

Nails Vizt

3 . 6

1 .

5 . 2 for Umbrelloes bottoming Chairs

1 2

4 . 6 making Rackets repairing

1 6

1 . 4 the Great House Slaughter

4 1/2

1 . 10 House Do

3 3 1/2

3 Coopers Rivets for the Coopers use

1 2 1/2

5 6 1/2

Deals Vizt

4 Single for bottoming Chairs

6 8

2 Double repairing the Slaughter

5

1 Spar House & Crane

2 2

1 Oak plank

1 2 10

1 10 8

Carried over

10 1 5 1/2

The account continued from the total of £2 1s 10½d brought over, listing further stores drawn by the Company under the charges general for the quarter ending 31 March 1750.

Brought over, £2 1s 10½d

Turners' ware:

2 paint brushes for painting, £0 0s 10d

2 pump boxes for the well at the great house, £0 1s 11d

subtotal, £0 2s 9d

Iron, 231 lb for the use of the armourer's shop, £1 8s 6½d

Glass ware:

22 wine glasses for the castle, £0 10s 1d

6 tumblers for the castle, £0 2s 9d

6 squares crown glass for repairing the castle windows, broke upon saluting Admiral Boscawen, £0 2s 6d

4 squares glass 8 by 10, £0 3s 8d

7 squares glass 13 by 12, £0 5s 1½d

subtotal, £1 4s 1½d

Canvas, 20 yards duck to make umbrellos, £1 0s 8d

Twine, 2 skeins for windows in the castle, £0 1s 2d

Iron ware:

34 files for the armourer, £1 5s 6d

2 augers, £0 3s 3½d

2 socket chisels for the carpenter, £0 1s 6d

1 padlock for the cellar door in the castle, £0 1s 10d

subtotal, £1 12s 1½d

Nails:

3 lb sixpenny, £0 0s 1d

5 lb twopenny, for umbrellos, bottoming chairs, £0 1s 2d

4 lb sixpenny, making rackets, repairing, £0 1s 6d

1 lb fourpenny, the great house slaughter, £0 0s 4½d

1 lb tenpenny, house ditto, £0 2s 3½d

3 coopers' rivets for the coopers' use, £0 1s 2¼d

subtotal, £0 5s 6½d

Deals:

4 single, for bottoming chairs, £0 6s 8d

2 double, repairing the slaughter, £0 5s 0d

1 spar, house and crane, £0 2s 2d

1 oak plank, £1 2s 10d

subtotal, £1 16s 8d

Carried over, £10 1s 5½d

Interpretations

The crown glass drawn to mend the castle windows was entered with the note that the panes had been broken by the concussion of the guns fired in saluting Admiral Boscawen, whose homeward squadron had passed in February 1750 and been honoured with the heaviest run of powder the record shows. The charge ties the storekeeper's small repair directly to the great naval ceremony of the season, the shock of seventeen guns to the Admiral at each movement shaking out the glass the Company then replaced from its own stores.

Crown glass was window glass made by spinning a blown globe into a flat disc, leaving a thicker knot at the centre, the ordinary glazing glass of the period sold and used by the square. Its appearance here beside the sized panes of eight by ten and thirteen by twelve inches shows the several forms in which the stores held glass for building, the crown sort cut from the disc and the others in fixed rectangles, all drawn to keep the castle weathertight.

The duck canvas taken to make umbrellos shows the settlement fashioning its own sunshades from sailcloth, the umbrello a large canopy carried or fixed against the sun rather than the smaller modern rain umbrella. The Company working 20 yards of ship's duck into these covers marks a practical use of its marine stores for shelter from the strong island sun, the same cloth that repaired sails turned to protecting men and windows from the glare.

The nails and deals were each entered with the particular repair they served, the bottoming of chairs, the mending of the slaughter house and the fitting of the great house and crane, the storekeeper noting the destination of every small parcel of building material. This close accounting of pennyworths of nails and single deals against named jobs reveals how minutely the Company tracked its own consumption, each stick and nail charged to the work it went into so that the running upkeep of the settlement could be told from the trade of the stores.

429

423

1750

Brought over

10 1 5 1/2

Soap C

1 7 6

Cutlery Ware 2 doz Ivory Knives & forks for the Table

2 17 2

Osenbrigs 8 Yds to Cover several Packets

4 8

Pitch Vizt

22 Pitch for repairing the Water Course

2 9

5 Rozen

1 3

4 .

Lead 36 for Do

6 2

China Ware 1 Soup Dish for the Table

8 2

Candles Vizt

66 for the Castle

4 .

56 for the Council

3 6 8

7 6 8

Arrack 1/2 Gallon

1 10 1/2

Tin Ware 1 Glass Lanthorn for the Castle

9 6 1/2

Coals 58 Bushels for the Armourrs Shop

3 . 5

26 7 7 1/2

Diet Expences Dr for the following Stores Issued

for the Table from the 1 Jan to the 31 March 1750 Vizt

Brandy 25 1/2 Gallon

3 10 1 1/2

Arrack 40 Gallon

5 3 0

Sugar & Candy Vizt

4 Sugar

1 8

270 Candy

2 10 3

2 17 11

Salt 2 3/4 Bushels

7 11

Rice 56

4 8

Pork 25 pr

2 10 .

Tea C Single

6 7 1/2

Flour 656

6 16 6

Oil 4 Bottles florence

10 4

Vinegar 10 Gallons

19 2

23 7 .

The account continued from the total of £10 1s 5½d brought over, closing the charges general for the quarter, after which the storekeeper opened the diet expenses for the same period.

Brought over, £10 1s 5½d

Soap, 6 lb, £0 1s 5½d

Cutlery ware, 2 dozen ivory knives and forks for the table, £1 7s 6d

Osnaburgs, 8 yards to cover several packets, £0 17s 2d

Pitch:

2½ lb pitch for repairing the water course, £0 2s 9d

6 rosin, £0 1s 3d

subtotal, £0 4s 8d

Lead, 36 lb for ditto, £0 6s 2d

China ware, 1 soup dish for the table, £0 8s 2d

Candles:

6 lb for the castle, £4 0s 0d

56 lb for the council, £3 6s 8d

subtotal, £7 6s 8d

Arrack, ½ gallon, £0 1s 10½d

Tin ware, 1 glass lanthorn for the castle, £0 9s 6½d

Coals, 58 bushels for the armourer's shop, £0 3s 5d

Total, £26 7s 7½d

Diet expenses, for the following stores issued for the table from 1 January to 31 March 1750:

Brandy, 25½ gallons, £3 10s 1½d

Arrack, 40 gallons, £5 3s 0d

Sugar and candy:

8 lb sugar, £0 1s 8d

270 lb candy, £2 10s 3d

subtotal, £2 17s 11d

Salt, 2¾ bushels, £0 7s 11d

Rice, 56 lb, £0 4s 8d

Pork, 25 lb, £0 2s 10d

Tea, 1 lb single, £0 6s 7½d

Flour, 386 lb, £6 16s 0d

Oil, 4 bottles florence, £0 10s 4d

Vinegar, 10 gallons, £0 19s 2d

Total, £23 7s 0d

Interpretations

The diet expenses were the stores drawn to furnish the general table where the Governor, council and Company servants were fed, kept as a separate account from both the sales and the charges general so that the cost of the establishment's board could be told on its own. The head opened the third division of the storekeeper's quarterly reckoning, the arrack, brandy, sugar, flour and provisions issued for the table entered against the weeks they served, the drink far the heaviest part of the whole.

Arrack and brandy together at over £8 made up the greater part of the diet account, the spirits served at the general table in far greater quantity than any solid provision, the arrack a distilled liquor of the East and the brandy the European sort. The weight of drink against the modest sums for rice, pork and tea reflects the custom of the table, where spirits were a staple of the daily allowance rather than an occasional indulgence, the Company finding the liquor from its own imported stores.

The candles charged to the castle and the council under the charges general show the cost of lighting the seat of government, the six pounds for the castle entered at the notably high figure of £4 0s 0d against the fifty-six pounds for the council at £3 6s 8d. The disproportion between the two lines, a few pounds costing more than ten times as many, points to a difference in the sort of candle drawn, the castle taking a finer wax light where the council was served with the commoner tallow.

Osnaburgs taken to cover several packets shows the coarse linen used as wrapping for the dispatches and parcels the settlement sent and received, the same cloth that clothed labourers and slaves serving here to protect papers in transit. The entry marks the island's place on the sea road between England and the East, the storekeeper finding from ordinary stock the material to make up the packets that carried the Company's correspondence onward by the ships in the road.

430

424

23 April

Blacks Dr for the following Stores Issued from the 1

Jan to the 31 March 1750 Vizt

Rice 578

22 16 6

Beef & Pork Vizt

173 Yds Beef

17 6 .

204 pr Pork

28 1 .

15 7 .

Tea 8 1/2 Bohea

5 8

Sugar 10 for the Sick

2 1

Brandy 9 Gallons

1 19 .

Arrack 6 Gallons for drams

1 2 6

Hooks Vizt

1 C Blue Hooks

3

1 doz Hooks Sorted for fishing

8

11

Shoes 1 pr Boy

3 6

Iron Ware 1 Cupboard Lock

2 6

Canvas 2 1/2 Yds Sacking

1 6

Deals 1 Double

2 6

Nails 2 Scupper

2 1/2

72 3 10 1/2

Fortification Dr for the following Stores Issued

from the 1 Jan to the 31 March 1750 Vizt

Tea 75 1/2 Bohea

2 13 6

Oil Vizt

70 1/2 Gallon Train for the Several Guards

9 10 11

2 Gallon Lin for making Putty to Glaze

5 1/2

the Wind in the Officers Guard Room

9 11 4 1/2

Iron Ware 1 Garden Hoe & Helve to clear the

Water Course at Lemon Valley

1 6

Carried over

12 6 4 1/2

The storekeeper opened the account of stores issued for the Company's slaves for the quarter ending 31 March 1750, followed by the stores drawn for the fortifications over the same period.

Blacks, for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1750:

Rice, 5 cwt 1 qtr 8 lb, £22 16s 6d

Beef and pork:

173 lb beef, £17 6s 0d

204 lb pork, £28 1s 0d

subtotal, £15 7s 0d

Tea, 8 lb bohea, £0 5s 8d

Sugar, 10 lb for the sick, £0 2s 1d

Brandy, 9 gallons, £1 19s 0d

Arrack, 6 gallons for drams, £1 2s 6d

Hooks:

1 lb blue hooks, £0 0s 3d

1 dozen hooks sorted for fishing, £0 0s 8d

subtotal, £0 0s 11d

Shoes, 1 pair boy's, £0 3s 6d

Iron ware, 1 cupboard lock, £0 2s 6d

Canvas, 2¼ yards sacking, £0 1s 6d

Deals, 1 double, £0 2s 6d

Nails, 2 lb scupper, £0 0s 2¼d

Total, £72 3s 10¼d

Fortification, for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1750:

Tea, 75 lb bohea, £2 13s 6d

Oil, for the several guards:

70½ gallons train, £9 10s 11d

⅛ gallon linseed for making putty to glaze the windows in the officers' guard room, £0 0s 5½d

subtotal, £9 11s 4½d

Iron ware, 1 garden hoe and helve to clear the water course at Lemon Valley, £0 1s 6d

Carried over, £12 6s 4½d

Interpretations

The stores issued for the slaves were kept as their own account, the rice, salt meat, sugar, brandy and arrack that fed and maintained the Company's labour force entered apart from the establishment's own table and its trade. Rice at £22 16s 6d was by far the heaviest item, the imported grain the staple of the slaves' diet alongside the island's yams, drawn here in quantity for the quarter, the sugar noted as for the sick and the arrack issued as drams marking the small comforts allowed within a spare provision.

The tea charged to the fortification and to the slaves was not for drinking but almost certainly a clerical entry for the coarse bohea issued to the men at the guards and the works, a cheap refreshment served to those on duty at the batteries. The large 75 lb charged to the fortification against the small quantities elsewhere reflects the numbers of men stationed about the coastal works, the leaf drawn from the same stock that furnished the table but issued here as a ration to the labouring and watching parties.

The garden hoe and helve drawn to clear the water course at Lemon Valley shows the fortification account carrying not only the building of the batteries but the upkeep of the works and their surroundings, the single tool charged to a named task at the valley where a six-gun battery had been built. The entry ties the quarter's account to the standing care of the coastal defences, the water course kept clear so that the guard and its guns were not fouled by the flow.

The train oil issued in quantity for the several guards was burned in the lamps that lit the batteries and guard rooms through the night, the 70½ gallons a measure of the watch kept along the coast in the season when the shipping filled the road. The scale of the lighting oil against the small linseed charge for glazing marks the difference between the standing cost of manning the works after dark and the occasional expense of keeping their windows sound, both drawn under the one head of fortification.

431

425

1750

Brought over

12 6 4 1/2

Tin Ware Vizt

4 Small Lamps for the out Forts

3 4

1 Large Do

1 8

1 Horn Lanthorn for the Main Guard

4

9

Turners Ware Vizt

6 Platters

5 7 1/2

5 Wood Bowls for the Out Forts

4 8

10 3 1/2

Glazier Ware 3 Sq Glass 8 by 10 to repair the Stores & Town

2 9

Vinegar 1 Gallon for the Doctors Shop

1 11

Arrack 1/2 Gallon for Drams for work at the Long Boat

1 10

Deals 3 Single

5

Nails 1 C for Coffins

5

Soldiers Cloths Vizt

3 Centinels Coats

4 7 6

3 pr Breeches

Hats 3 Centinels

8 3

Shirts 16 Soldiers

3 6 8

Hosiers Ware 16 pr Thread Stockings

1 19 .

25 7 2

Plantation Dr for the following Stores Issued from the

1 Jan to the 31 March 1750 Vizt

Rice & Paddy Vizt

2 Rice

18 8

8 Paddy for the Poultry

2 5 .

3 3 8

Nails Vizt

10 . 2

4 1/2

1 . 3 for repairs to the Plantation

2 3

6 . 6 House & Warehouse

1 8

5 . 10

4 3 1/2

Carried over

3 7 11 1/2

The account continued from the total of £12 6s 4½d brought over, closing the fortification stores for the quarter, after which the storekeeper opened the plantation account for the same period.

Brought over, £12 6s 4½d

Tin ware:

4 small lamps for the out forts, £0 3s 4d

1 large ditto, £0 1s 8d

1 horn lanthorn for the main guard, £0 4s 0d

subtotal, £0 9s 0d

Turners' ware:

6 platters, £0 5s 7½d

5 wood bowls for the out forts, £0 4s 8d

subtotal, £0 10s 3½d

Glazier's ware, 3 squares glass 8 by 10 to repair the officers' guard room, £0 2s 9d

Vinegar, 1 gallon for the officers' shop, £0 1s 11d

Arrack, ½ gallon for drams for men at the long boat, £0 1s 10d

Deals, 3 single, £0 0s 5d

Nails, 1 lb sixpenny for coffins, £0 0s 5d

Soldiers' clothes:

3 sentinels' coats, £4 7s 6d

3 pairs breeches, £0 8s 3d

subtotal, £4 7s 6d

Hats, 3 sentinels', £0 3s 6d

Shirts, 16 soldiers, £1 19s 0d

Hosiery ware, 16 pairs thread stockings, £0 8s 0d

Total, £25 7s 2d

Plantation, for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1750:

Rice and paddy:

2 lb rice, £0 18s 8d

8 lb paddy for the poultry, £2 5s 0d

subtotal, £3 3s 8d

Nails:

10 lb tenpenny, £0 0s 4½d

1 lb twentypenny, for repairs to the plantation, £0 2s 3d

6 lb sixpenny, £0 1s 8d

10 lb tenpenny, house and storehouse, £0 0s 5d

subtotal, £0 4s 3½d

Carried over, £3 7s 11½d

Interpretations

The soldiers' clothes charged to the fortification account were the coats, breeches, hats, shirts and stockings issued to the sentinels who manned the coastal works, the garrison's clothing entered here against the men on duty at the batteries rather than under a separate uniform head. The sentinels' coats at £4 7s 6d were the heaviest item, the annual issue of the garrison's outer clothing coming through the stores rank by rank, the men at the guards fitted out from the same account that lit and maintained the works they served.

A single pound of nails drawn for coffins shows the fortification account carrying the plainest offices of the garrison, the burial of the soldiers who died in service met from the same stores that built the batteries. The entry is a spare record of mortality among the men at the works, the storekeeper charging the few nails that made a coffin to the account of the establishment the dead man had served.

The plantation account was the stores drawn for the Company's own grounds and their stock, the rice and paddy for the poultry and the nails for the repairs to the plantation buildings entered apart from the other heads. The paddy at £2 5s 0d, the unhusked rice fed to the fowls, was the greater part of the small account, the Company keeping its poultry from imported grain and charging the feed to the ground that carried the birds.

The lamps, platters and wood bowls issued to the out forts furnished the men stationed at the outlying batteries with light and the plainest vessels for their food, the several small forts about the coast supplied from the central stores. The grouping of these humble necessaries under the fortification head shows the whole cost of keeping the distant guard posts in being, the men fed and lit at the Company's charge as they watched the seaward approaches from the lesser works.

432

426

16 April

Brought over

3 7 11 1/2

Paint 6 Ven Red for painting at the Plant House

1 1 1/2

Iron Ware Vizt

1 Wood Ax for the Great Wood

2 4

3 Shod Shovels

4 1/2

2 Pickaxes for the Plantations

4 4

1 Padlock for the Lime House door in Sandy Bay

1 10

12 7 1/2

Oil Vizt

7 Gallon Train for Thatching

2 1

1 Gallon Lin for Paint at the Plant House

3 5 1/2

3 6 1/2

Lines 1 Hambro

7 1/2

Deals 3 Single for a Door for Sandy Bay Lime House

5

Saw 1 Gallon for the Great Wood

8

Earthen Ware 6 Milk Pans for the Dairy

1 1/2

4 17 11

Boats Dr for the following Stores Issued from the

1 Jan to the 31 March 1750 Vizt

Deals Vizt

2 Elm Boards

5 8

10 Wainscott Do

4 3

3 Single Deals for repair of the Long Boats

5 4

1 Elm Plank

18 11

2 pr Piza Lime for a Cradle & moorings for Do

4 4 10

5 13 8

Nails Vizt

15 . 20

9 8

7 . 6

2 7 1/2

10 . 10 for repairs of the Long Boat

2 11

6 . 10

2

17 2 1/2

Carried over

6 15 10 1/2

The account continued from the total of £3 7s 11½d brought over, closing the plantation stores for the quarter, after which the storekeeper opened the boats account for the same period.

Brought over, £3 7s 11½d

Paint, 6 lb vermilion red for paint at the plantation house, £0 1s 1½d

Iron ware:

1 wood axe for the great wood, £0 2s 4d

3 shod shovels for the plantations, £0 4s 1½d

2 pickaxes for the plantations, £0 4s 4d

1 padlock for the lime house door in Sandy Bay, £0 1s 10d

subtotal, £0 12s 7½d

Oil:

7½ gallons train for thatching, £0 2s 1d

1 gallon linseed for paint at the plantation house, £0 3s 5½d

subtotal, £0 3s 6½d

Lines, 1 hamburg, £0 0s 7½d

Deals, 3 single for a door for Sandy Bay lime house, £0 5s 0d

Tar, 1 gallon for the great wood, £0 0s 8d

Earthen ware, 6 milk pans for the dairy, £0 1s 1½d

Total, £4 17s 11d

Boats, for the following stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1750:

Deals:

2 elm boards, £0 5s 8d

1 wainscot ditto, £0 4s 3d

3 single deals for repair of the long boat, £0 5s 5d

1 elm plank, £0 18s 11d

2 pieces prussia timber for a cradle and moorings for ditto, £4 4s 10d

subtotal, £5 13s 8d

Nails:

15 lb twentypenny, £0 9s 8d

7 lb sixpenny, £0 2s 7½d

10 lb tenpenny, for repairs of the long boat, £0 2s 11d

6 lb tenpenny, £0 2s 0d

subtotal, £0 17s 2¼d

Carried over, £6 15s 10½d

Interpretations

The boats account gathered the stores drawn to build and repair the Company's craft, the elm boards and planks, the prussia timber, the deals and nails entered against the long boat by name. Prussia timber, imported softwood from the Baltic, at £4 4s 10d was the heaviest item, worked into a cradle and moorings for the long boat, the vessel that carried lime, stores and men about the coast and was the settlement's chief working boat in the road.

The padlock and door drawn for the lime house at Sandy Bay show the plantation account carrying the upkeep of the works where lime was burned and stored, the material that bound the masonry of the batteries and buildings. The securing of the lime house marks the value the settlement set on its lime, kept under lock against a scarce and essential material, the same want of lime that governed the pace of the fortification works.

The train oil taken for thatching shows the traditional treatment of a thatched roof with oil to shed water and resist rot, the plantation buildings roofed in the island manner and maintained from the stores. The small charge for the oil, entered beside the linseed for painting the plantation house, marks the ordinary care of the Company's country buildings, the roofs dressed and the walls painted from stock as each fell due for attention.

The milk pans drawn for the dairy show the Company keeping its own dairy on the plantation, the earthen vessels in which milk was set for cream and butter charged to the plantation account. The entry marks the settlement's small husbandry alongside its cattle and poultry, the dairy furnishing the table with butter and the sick with milk, its plain earthenware replaced from the stores as the pans broke in use.

433

427

1750

Brought over

6 15 10 1/2

Pitch 1 Barrel

1 4

Oil 1 Gallon Train for repairs to the Long Boat

8

Cordage 51

14 3

Oars 3 for the Long Boat

17 .

Anchors 1 for a Warp for Ships to heave in by

& Secure Moorings for the Long Boat

15 2 10

24 14 1 1/2

Hospital Dr for the following Stores Issued for the

Sick in the Infirmary from the 1 Jan to the 31 March 1750 Vizt

Flour 63

8 8 1/2

Sugar 91

18 11 1/2

Oil 3 1/2 Gallons Train

8 9

Rice 2

18 8

Salt 1 Bushel

2 10

Canvas 6 1/2 Yds Sacking

6 7

Deals 1 Double for Pote

2 6

Nails 1 Scupper

5 1/2

3 7 8

March 31 1750

Errors Excepted

Matt Sterling Storekeeper

The account continued from the total of £6 15s 10½d brought over, closing the boats stores for the quarter, after which the storekeeper opened the hospital account for the same period and subscribed the whole collection.

Brought over, £6 15s 10½d

Pitch, 1 barrel, £1 4s 0d

Oil, 1 gallon train for repairs to the long boat, £0 0s 8d

Cordage, 54 lb for the long boat, £1 4s 3d

Oars, 3 for the long boat, £0 17s 0d

Anchors:

1 for a warp for ships to heave in by, £15 2s 10d

1 to secure moorings for the long boat, [see subtotal]

subtotal, £15 2s 10d

Total, £24 14s 7½d

Hospital, for the following stores issued for the sick in the infirmary from 1 January to 31 March 1750:

Flour, 63 lb, £0 8s 8½d

Sugar, 91 lb, £0 18s 11½d

Oil, 3½ gallons train, £0 8s 9d

Rice, 2 lb, £0 18s 8d

Salt, 1 bushel, £0 2s 10d

Canvas, 6¼ yards sacking for potts, £0 6s 7d

Deals, 1 double for potts, £0 2s 6d

Nails, 1 lb scupper, £0 0s 5½d

Total, £3 7s 8d

The storekeeper Matthew Purling subscribed the whole collection at St Helena on 31 March 1750, errors excepted.

Interpretations

The anchor supplied as a warp for ships to heave in by at £15 2s 10d was by far the heaviest single item in the boats account and one of the largest of the whole collection, a great anchor laid in the road to which arriving vessels could make fast and haul themselves into safe mooring. The charge answers the standing difficulty of the anchorage, where ships could not always spare an anchor to carry out, the Company laying a fixed one to the westward so that any vessel might send her cable and heave in with little trouble.

The hospital account was the smallest of the storekeeper's heads, the flour, sugar, oil, rice and salt issued for the sick in the infirmary entered apart as the diet of the establishment's patients. The sugar at nearly a pound for the quarter and the flour and rice mark the plain invalid fare of the period, the light and easily taken foods thought fit for the sick, drawn from the same stores that fed the whole settlement but reckoned to the infirmary alone.

The canvas and deal drawn for potts in the hospital account show materials worked into vessels or covers for the sick quarters, the sacking and board fashioned on the spot for the infirmary's use. The entry marks the settlement making up its own hospital furniture from ordinary stores rather than buying it ready, the storekeeper charging the cloth and timber to the sick as the last and least of the several accounts that divided the quarter's whole consumption.

The whole collection, subscribed by Matthew Purling as storekeeper on 31 March 1750, closed the quarterly reckoning of everything sold and everything the Company drew for its own use between the new year and the end of March. The division of the account into the sales by class of buyer and the several charges general, diet, blacks, fortification, plantation, boats and hospital gave the board a full view of both the trade and the running costs of the settlement, each head struck on its own before the storekeeper set his hand to the whole.

434

428

List of the Honble Company’s Officers & Servants upon the Island of St Helena with their Several Salarys Diet Money &c for the Quart commencing ye 1st Janry 1749 & Ending March the 31st 1750

Cha. Hutchinson Esq. Govr Salary £125
Do. Allowance for Servants as usual £31 14s 9d £156 14s 9d
David Hunter Esq. Lieut Govr Salary £62 10s
Do. Diet Money £25 £87 10s
John Clark of Council £15
John Goodwin Accomptant Salary £17 10s
Do. Diet Money £15
Do. House Rent £2 10s £35
Mattw Gurling Storekeeper Salary £17 10s
Do. Diet Money £15 £32 10s
Willm Loveday Chaplain Salary £25
Do. Diet Money £15 £40
Fran. Wrangham Factor Salary £7 10s
Do. Diet Money £10 £17 10s
Tho. French Factor Salary £7 10s
Do. Diet Money £10 £17 10s
Jas Powell Factor Salary £7 10s
Do. Diet Money £10 £17 10s
Do. Assistant Storekeeper £5
Do. House Rent £2 10s £25
Matthew Bayes Worker Salary £5
Do. Diet Money £10 £15
Samll Falconer Surgeon Salary £9 15s
Do. Diet Money £10
Do. House Rent £2 10s £22 5s
Jas Stevenson Surgeon’s Mate Salary £5
Do. Diet Money £11 5s £16 5s
Richd Gurling £15
John Isaack Governor £7 10s

Carried over £502 14s 9d

1․ A list was drawn up showing the Honourable Company’s officers and servants on the Island of St Helena, with the amount of salary, diet money, and other allowances due for the quarter beginning 1 January 1749 and ending 31 March 1750.

Charles Hutchinson Esquire, the Governor, received a salary of £125 together with his customary allowance for servants of £31 14s 9d, making a total of £156 14s 9d.

David Hunter Esquire, the Lieutenant Governor, was paid a salary of £62 10s and diet money of £25, totalling £87 10s.

John Clark, a member of Council, received £15.

John Goodwin, the Accountant, drew a salary of £17 10s, diet money of £15, and house rent of £2 10s, giving a total of £35.

Matthew Gurling, the Storekeeper, received £17 10s for salary and £15 for diet money, totalling £32 10s.

William Loveday, the Chaplain, was paid £25 for salary and £15 for diet money, giving a total of £40.

Francis Wrangham, a Factor, received £7 10s for salary and £10 for diet money, amounting to £17 10s.

Thomas French, also a Factor, had the same amounts – £7 10s salary and £10 diet money – totalling £17 10s.

James Powell, a Factor, was likewise paid £7 10s for salary and £10 for diet money, giving £17 10s in all. He also held the post of Assistant Storekeeper with £5 additional salary and received £2 10s house rent, bringing his total to £25.

Matthew Bayes, listed as a Worker, received £5 for salary and £10 for diet money, totalling £15.

Samuel Falconer, the Surgeon, was granted £9 15s as salary, £10 as diet money, and £2 10s for house rent, amounting to £22 5s.

James Stevenson, the Surgeon’s Mate, received £5 salary and £11 5s diet money, totalling £16 5s.

Richard Gurling was paid £15, and John Isaack Governor £7 10s.

The total of these entries carried forward amounted to £502 14s 9d.

435

429

Brought over £502 14s 9d

Richd Beale Schoolmaster Salary £3 8s 3d
Do. as Clerk £5 £8 8s 3d
John Bland Master Mason Salary £17 10s
Do. Diet Money £10
Do. House Rent £1 10s £29
Mark Hawkins Mason Salary £12 10s
Do. Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do. House Rent £1 £20 6s 10½d
Joseph Kendall Master of Arms £6 5s
Nicholas Cleather Steward £7 10s
William Dover Gardener £9 11s 3d
Robert Meacock Cooper £8 15s
Henry Brinnon Armourer £10 10s
William Davis Patron of the Long Boat £7 10s
Robert Wright Housekeeper £2
Michael Frost Clock & Instrument Cleaner £1 5s
Andrew Blinman Marshall £1 7s 9d

£618 3s 10½d

First Company
John Clark Lieut Salary £10
Do. Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do. on Acct of instructg & helpg £7 10s £24 6s 10½d
William Hayes Adjutant Salary £10
Do. Diet Money £7 1s 3d £17 1s 3d £41 8s 1½d

Sergeants
Henry Beale £6 14s 6d
Bartholomew Molloy £6 14s 6d
Solomon Jacobs £6 14s 6d £20 3s 6d

Corporals
Danl Langton £4 17s 9d
Joseph Ledy £4 17s 9d
William Davies £4 17s 9d £13 13s 3d

Carried over £692 18s 9d

Brought forward from the previous account was £502 14s 9d.

Richard Beale, the Schoolmaster, received £3 8s 3d as salary and £5 for his duties as Clerk, making £8 8s 3d in total.

John Bland, Master Mason, was paid £17 10s for salary, £10 for diet money, and £1 10s for house rent, totalling £29.

Mark Hawkins, Mason, received £12 10s as salary, £6 16s 10½d for diet money, and £1 for house rent, giving a total of £20 6s 10½d.

Joseph Kendall, Master of Arms, received £6 5s.

Nicholas Cleather, Steward, was paid £7 10s.

William Dover, Gardener, earned £9 11s 3d.

Robert Meacock, Cooper, received £8 15s.

Henry Brinnon, Armourer, received £10 10s.

William Davis, Patron of the Long Boat, was paid £7 10s.

Robert Wright, Housekeeper, received £2.

Michael Frost, who cleaned clocks and instruments, received £1 5s.

Andrew Blinman, Marshall, was paid £1 7s 9d.

These payments brought the running total to £618 3s 10½d.

In the section for the First Company, John Clark, Lieutenant, received £10 for salary, £6 16s 10½d for diet money, and £7 10s for instructing and assisting others, making £24 6s 10½d in total.

William Hayes, Adjutant, was paid £10 salary and £7 1s 3d diet money, giving £17 1s 3d. Together the two officers’ pay amounted to £41 8s 1½d.

The Sergeants were Henry Beale, Bartholomew Molloy, and Solomon Jacobs, each receiving £6 14s 6d, totalling £20 3s 6d.

Among the Corporals, Daniel Langton, Joseph Ledy, and William Davies each earned £4 17s 9d, making £13 13s 3d in total.

The account was then carried forward at £692 18s 9d.

436

430

Brought over £692 18s 9d

John Lancelott Drumr transferrd to ye 1st Compy Relieved £2 1s 2d
John Catton Drumr from ye 16 Feby incld 47 days backwards £2 3s 3d £4 7s 5d

Centinels
Edward Allis £3 8s 3d
Andw Armstrong from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1½d
John Bragg to 13 March incld 47 days he was struck £2 13s 10d
George Bennitt £3 8s 3d
John Brooks £3 8s 3d
Augustine Balls £3 8s 3d
Willm Bruff £3 8s 3d
Richd Brown Senr from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1½d
Thomas Brown Junr £3 8s 3d
John Buckles £3 8s 3d
Mattw Campbell £3 8s 3d
James Cartwright £3 8s 3d
Philip Cole from 14 March incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 3s 5½d
William Ensor £3 8s 3d
George Green £3 8s 3d
Thomas Greenaway £3 8s 3d
Thomas Hails £3 8s 3d
Humphry Harrison £3 8s 3d
George Harper £3 8s 3d
James Hendry £3 8s 3d
Wm Hutchinson from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1½d
Woolston Jones £3 8s 3d
Major Jackson £3 8s 3d
Thomas Jarvis £3 8s 3d
William Lamton £3 8s 3d
James Lee £3 8s 3d
John Marsh £3 8s 3d
John Murrill £3 8s 3d

Centinels carried over £87 2s 5½d

Carried over £697 6s 2½d

Brought forward was £692 18s 9d.

John Lancelott, Drummer, transferred to the First Company, was paid £2 1s 2d for the period relieved. John Catton, Drummer, received £2 3s 3d for forty-seven days’ service from 16 February inclusive and backwards, making £4 7s 5d in total for the two drummers.

Among the Centinels, Edward Allis received £3 8s 3d. Andrew Armstrong, enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, was paid £1 15s 1½d. John Bragg, whose service ended on 13 March inclusive after forty-seven days, received £2 13s 10d. George Bennitt, John Brooks, Augustine Balls, William Bruff, Thomas Brown junior, John Buckles, Matthew Campbell, James Cartwright, William Ensor, George Green, Thomas Greenaway, Thomas Hails, Humphrey Harrison, George Harper, James Hendry, Woolston Jones, Major Jackson, Thomas Jarvis, William Lamton, James Lee, John Marsh, and John Murrill each received £3 8s 3d.

Richard Brown senior, enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 15s 1½d, and Philip Cole, enlisted from 14 March inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 3s 5½d. William Hutchinson, also enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 15s 1½d.

The total for the Centinels came to £87 2s 5½d.

The overall amount was then carried forward to £697 6s 2½d.

437

431

Brought over £697 6s 2½d

Centinels brought over £87 2s 5¾d

James Mills £3 8s 3d
John Charras from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1¾d
Humphrey Pugh £3 8s 3d
Jas Renard to 5 Feby incld 47 days he was Discharged £1 6s 11d
James Richardson £3 8s 3d
John Scotcher £3 8s 3d
John Shaw £3 8s 3d
John Searby to the 12 March incld 47 days he Died £2 13s 1d
Solomon Saunders £3 8s 3d
Emanuel Skeel £3 8s 3d
John Spencer £3 8s 3d
William Starr £3 8s 3d
John Swift from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1¾d
James Urquhart £3 8s 3d
Peter Wells £3 8s 3d
Thomas Wagg £3 8s 3d
Thomas Willett £3 8s 3d
Andw Whiteland from 14 March incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 3s 5½d

£139 13s 5¾d

Second Company
Joseph Kendall Lieut Salary £10
Do. Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do. House Rent £2 10s £19 6s 10½d

Sergeants
Robert Mason £6 14s 6d
Gabriel Jack £6 14s 6d
Daniel Bush £6 14s 6d £20 3s 6d

Carried over £876 10s 9¼d

Brought forward was £697 6s 2½d.

The Centinels’ total brought forward was £87 2s 5¾d. James Mills received £3 8s 3d. John Charras, enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, was paid £1 15s 1¾d. Humphrey Pugh received £3 8s 3d. James Renard, discharged on 5 February inclusive after forty-seven days, received £1 6s 11d. James Richardson, John Scotcher, John Shaw, Solomon Saunders, Emanuel Skeel, John Spencer, William Starr, James Urquhart, Peter Wells, Thomas Wagg, and Thomas Willett each received £3 8s 3d.

John Searby, who died on 12 March inclusive after forty-seven days, was paid £2 13s 1d. John Swift, enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 15s 1¾d, and Andrew Whiteland, enlisted from 14 March inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 3s 5½d.

The total of these Centinels amounted to £139 13s 5¾d.

In the Second Company, Joseph Kendall, Lieutenant, received £10 salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £2 10s house rent, totalling £19 6s 10½d.

Among the Sergeants, Robert Mason, Gabriel Jack, and Daniel Bush each received £6 14s 6d, together amounting to £20 3s 6d.

The account was then carried forward at £876 10s 9¼d.

438

432

Brought over £876 10s 9¼d

Corporals
Michael Frost £4 17s 9d
John Holloway £4 17s 9d
Samuel Talbot £4 17s 9d £13 13s 3d
Thomas London Drummer £4 17s 9d

Centinels
Joseph Andrews £3 8s 3d
Peter Barker £3 8s 3d
Josiah Banks £3 8s 3d
Francis Berwick £3 8s 3d
John Buck £3 8s 3d
William Brooks £3 8s 3d
John Brown £3 8s 3d
Danl Carn from 16 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 12s 10½d
John Chapman £3 8s 3d
William Cook £3 8s 3d
William Duffon £3 8s 3d
John Dugglas £3 8s 3d
Robt Eglestone from 13 March incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 1s 2½d
Robert Everage £3 8s 3d
Peter Finsalt £3 8s 3d
John Fletcher £3 8s 3d
John Goud to 12 March incld 47 days he was Discharged £2 13s 1d
William Harris £3 8s 3d
John Hayes £3 8s 3d
Joseph Hayes £3 8s 3d
Isaac Holmes £3 8s 3d
James Inglish £3 8s 3d
Samuel Kelson £3 8s 3d
Charles Legent £3 8s 3d
James Long £3 8s 3d

Centinels carried over £80 1s 8¼d

Carried over £941 1s 3¼d

Brought forward was £876 10s 9¼d.

Among the Corporals, Michael Frost, John Holloway, and Samuel Talbot each received £4 17s 9d, amounting to £13 13s 3d in total. Thomas London, Drummer, was paid £4 17s 9d.

For the Centinels, Joseph Andrews, Peter Barker, Josiah Banks, Francis Berwick, John Buck, William Brooks, John Brown, John Chapman, William Cook, William Duffon, John Dugglas, Robert Everage, Peter Finsalt, John Fletcher, William Harris, John Hayes, Joseph Hayes, Isaac Holmes, James Inglish, Samuel Kelson, Charles Legent, and James Long each received £3 8s 3d.

Daniel Carn, enlisted from 16 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 12s 10½d. Robert Eglestone, enlisted from 13 March inclusive for forty-seven days, was paid £1 1s 2½d. John Goud, discharged on 12 March inclusive after forty-seven days, received £2 13s 1d.

The Centinels’ total came to £80 1s 8¼d.

The cumulative total was then carried forward at £941 1s 3¼d.

439

433

Brought over £941 1s 3¼d

Centinels carried over £80 1s 8¼d

Joseph Lenett £3 8s 3d
James Mason £3 8s 3d
Richard Moylebank £3 8s 3d
Richard Moyer £3 8s 3d
William Page £3 8s 3d
William Shelford £3 8s 3d
John Simmons £3 8s 3d
Joseph Simpson £3 8s 3d
Thomas Stratton £3 8s 3d
Edward Stroud £3 8s 3d
Wm Scott to 29 Janry incld 47 days he was Discharged £1 1s 8¾d
Thomas Taylor £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Thomas £3 8s 3d
John Turner from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1¾d
Richard Tovick £3 8s 3d
William Tovick £3 8s 3d
Wm Wakefield from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1¾d
Edward Walker £3 8s 3d
William Watkins £3 8s 3d
Stephen Willoughby £3 8s 3d

£142 13s 11d

Third Company
Tho. Easthope 1st Lieut Salary £10
Do. Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do. House Rent £2 10s £19 6s 10½d
Ones. P. Brath 2d Lieut Salary £7 10s
Do. Diet Money £6 16s 10½d £14 6s 10½d £33 13s 9d

Carried over £1070 8s 8¾d

Brought forward was £941 1s 3¼d.

The Centinels’ previous total of £80 1s 8¼d was carried forward. Joseph Lenett, James Mason, Richard Moylebank, Richard Moyer, William Page, William Shelford, John Simmons, Joseph Simpson, Thomas Stratton, Edward Stroud, Thomas Taylor, Benjamin Thomas, Richard Tovick, William Tovick, Edward Walker, William Watkins, and Stephen Willoughby each received £3 8s 3d.

William Scott, discharged on 29 January inclusive after forty-seven days, received £1 1s 8¾d. John Turner, enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 15s 1¾d, and William Wakefield, also enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received the same amount of £1 15s 1¾d.

The total for this group of Centinels came to £142 13s 11d.

In the Third Company, Thomas Easthope, First Lieutenant, received £10 salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £2 10s house rent, totalling £19 6s 10½d. Onesiphorus P. Brath, Second Lieutenant, was paid £7 10s salary and £6 16s 10½d diet money, giving a total of £14 6s 10½d. Together their combined amount came to £33 13s 9d.

The overall total was then carried forward at £1070 8s 8¾d.

440

434

Brought over £1070 8s 8¾d

Sergeants
William Kennedy £6 14s 9d
Matthias Brightswell £6 14s 9d
Hen Barber to 13 Feby incld 47 days he was broke £3 6s 3¾d
Do. to 17 Feby incld 47 days he was Discharged £3 8s 4¼d £16 19s 6¾d

Corporals
Jn Spencer to 14 Feby incld as Corpl £2 3s 3d
Do. to 31 March incld as Sergant £3 6s 3¾d £5 9s 6¾d
John Leech £4 17s 9d
William Bickett £4 17s 9d
Benjamin Soales Drummer £4 17s 9d £14 5s 9¾d

Centinels
William Adams £3 8s 3d
Matthew Allis £3 8s 3d
Beven Ambrose £3 8s 3d
Joseph Bartock £3 8s 3d
William Baron £3 8s 3d
William Bomfield £3 8s 3d
Dion Croft £3 8s 3d
Baron Debate £3 8s 3d
John Earle £3 8s 3d
Thomas Fuller £3 8s 3d
John Gerard from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1¾d
Edward Grant £3 8s 3d
James Reid £3 8s 3d
Jonathan Kitchen £3 8s 3d
William Warlock £3 8s 3d
Evan Jones £3 8s 3d
Thomas Hendrick £3 8s 3d
Richard Knight £3 8s 3d

Centinels carried over £59 15s 1¾d

Carried over £1106 1s 1d

Brought forward was £1070 8s 8¾d.

Among the Sergeants, William Kennedy and Matthias Brightswell each received £6 14s 9d. Henry Barber was paid £3 6s 3¾d up to 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days before being reduced in rank, and a further £3 8s 4¼d up to 17 February inclusive for forty-seven days before being discharged, bringing the total for the Sergeants to £16 19s 6¾d.

Among the Corporals, John Spencer received £2 3s 3d up to 14 February inclusive while serving as Corporal and £3 6s 3¾d up to 31 March inclusive while serving as Sergeant, totalling £5 9s 6¾d. John Leech and William Bickett each received £4 17s 9d, and Benjamin Soales, Drummer, was paid £4 17s 9d. The combined total for this section was £14 5s 9¾d.

For the Centinels, William Adams, Matthew Allis, Beven Ambrose, Joseph Bartock, William Baron, William Bomfield, Dion Croft, Baron Debate, John Earle, Thomas Fuller, Edward Grant, James Reid, Jonathan Kitchen, William Warlock, Evan Jones, Thomas Hendrick, and Richard Knight each received £3 8s 3d.

John Gerard, enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 15s 1¾d.

The total for these Centinels came to £59 15s 1¾d.

The overall account was then carried forward at £1106 1s 1d.

441

435

Brought over £1106 1s 1d

Centinels brought over £59 15s 1¾d

John Langbridge £3 8s 3d
Thomas Lawrence £3 8s 3d
John McCoy £3 8s 3d
Charles Montague £3 8s 3d
Wm Major to 14 Feby incld as Centinel £1 13s 7¾d
Do. to 31 March incld as Corporal £2 3s 3d £3 16s 10¾d
Charles Newcomb £3 8s 3d
Valentine Noble £3 8s 3d
Thomas Oliver £3 8s 3d
Thomas Payne £3 8s 3d
William Peedry £3 8s 3d
George Peacock £3 8s 3d
James Pevorer £3 8s 3d
John Paswater £3 8s 3d
Thomas Pledge £3 8s 3d
Francis Reed £3 8s 3d
William Robinson £3 8s 3d
David Scott £3 8s 3d
Robert Stack £3 8s 3d
Dav Smiley from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1¾d
Joseph Tompson £3 8s 3d
Christian Ryder from 16 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 12s 11¾d
John Wills £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Williams £3 8s 3d
Joseph Woodman £3 8s 3d
Jeremiah Wymill £3 8s 3d

£142 1s 10d

Fourth Company
Thomas Kirkpatrick Lieutenant Salary £10
Do. Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do. House Rent £2 10s £19 6s 10½d

Carried over £1207 9s 2½d

Brought forward was £1106 1s 1d.

The Centinels’ total brought forward was £59 15s 1¾d. John Langbridge, Thomas Lawrence, John McCoy, Charles Montague, Charles Newcomb, Valentine Noble, Thomas Oliver, Thomas Payne, William Peedry, George Peacock, James Pevorer, John Paswater, Thomas Pledge, Francis Reed, William Robinson, David Scott, Robert Stack, Joseph Tompson, John Wills, Benjamin Williams, Joseph Woodman, and Jeremiah Wymill each received £3 8s 3d.

William Major was paid £1 13s 7¾d up to 14 February inclusive while serving as Centinel, and £2 3s 3d up to 31 March inclusive while serving as Corporal, totalling £3 16s 10¾d.

David Smiley, enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 15s 1¾d, and Christian Ryder, enlisted from 16 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 12s 11¾d.

The total for this group of Centinels came to £142 1s 10d.

In the Fourth Company, Thomas Kirkpatrick, Lieutenant, received £10 salary, £6 16s 10½d diet money, and £2 10s for house rent, amounting to £19 6s 10½d.

The account was then carried forward at £1207 9s 2½d.

442

436

Brought over £1207 9s 2½d

Sergeants
William Cahnan £6 14s 6d
William Moore £6 14s 6d
George Masters £6 14s 6d £20 3s 6d

Corporals
John Walker £4 17s 9d
George French £4 17s 9d
Thomas Draper £4 17s 9d £13 13s 3d
Gilbert Clew Drummer £4 17s 9d

Centinels
James Allen £3 8s 3d
John Allis £3 8s 3d
Thomas Beaver £3 8s 3d
John Bardin £3 8s 3d
Isaac Bennett £3 8s 3d
William Barnett £3 8s 3d
Wm Bunting from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1¾d
Philip Catchpole £3 8s 3d
Edward Cocker £3 8s 3d
Samuel Coles £3 8s 3d
Andw Cooper from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1¾d
Jonathan Goby £3 8s 3d
Francis Goodbody £3 8s 3d
John Gilbert £3 8s 3d
James Green £3 8s 3d
James Hall £3 8s 3d
John Hayley £3 8s 3d
Job Harrison £3 8s 3d
James Hales £3 8s 3d
Alexr Hambleton from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1¾d

Centinels carried over £63 5s 8¾d

Carried over £1308 4s 3¼d

Brought forward was £1207 9s 2½d.

Among the Sergeants, William Cahnan, William Moore, and George Masters each received £6 14s 6d, amounting to £20 3s 6d in total.

Among the Corporals, John Walker, George French, and Thomas Draper each received £4 17s 9d, totalling £13 13s 3d. Gilbert Clew, Drummer, was paid £4 17s 9d.

For the Centinels, James Allen, John Allis, Thomas Beaver, John Bardin, Isaac Bennett, William Barnett, Philip Catchpole, Edward Cocker, Samuel Coles, Jonathan Goby, Francis Goodbody, John Gilbert, James Green, James Hall, John Hayley, Job Harrison, and James Hales each received £3 8s 3d.

William Bunting, enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 15s 1¾d. Andrew Cooper, enlisted from the same date, received £1 15s 1¾d, and Alexander Hambleton, likewise enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, was paid £1 15s 1¾d.

The Centinels’ total amounted to £63 5s 8¾d.

The cumulative total was then carried forward at £1308 4s 3¼d.

443

437

Brought over £1308 4s 3¼d

Centinels brought over £63 5s 8¾d

John Lloyd £3 8s 3d
Moses Menanto £3 8s 3d
Duncan McLaren £3 8s 3d
Jas O’Brian to 12 Feby incld the day he was Discharged £1 12s 1¼d
Benjamin Pearson £3 8s 3d
Tho. Pinkerton from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1¼d
Jas Nephew to 21 March incld 47 days he Deserted £2 19s 10d
Edward Riches £3 8s 3d
David Robinson £3 8s 3d
Thomas Reynolds £3 8s 3d
Andw Sargey £3 8s 3d
Daniel Sargeant £3 8s 3d
John Smith £3 8s 3d
Charles Soakes £3 8s 3d
Timothy Sullivan £3 8s 3d
Thomas Short £3 8s 3d
Jn Turnball from Feby 16 incld 47 days he was transferrd from ye 1st £1 12s 10¾d
William Taylor £3 8s 3d
Edward Teney £3 8s 3d
Wm Thomas from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £1 15s 1¾d
Joseph Uffen £3 8s 3d
Benjamin Williams £3 8s 3d
John Walker £3 8s 3d
Robert Wright £3 8s 3d

£137 17s 7¼d

Artillery Company
John French Master Gunner Salary £13 8s 9d
Do. Diet Money £6 16s 10½d
Do. House Rent £2 10s £22 15s 7½d

Carried over £1465 17s 6¾d

Brought forward was £1308 4s 3¼d.

The Centinels’ total brought forward was £63 5s 8¾d. John Lloyd, Moses Menanto, Duncan McLaren, Benjamin Pearson, Edward Riches, David Robinson, Thomas Reynolds, Andrew Sargey, Daniel Sargeant, John Smith, Charles Soakes, Timothy Sullivan, Thomas Short, William Taylor, Edward Teney, Joseph Uffen, Benjamin Williams, John Walker, and Robert Wright each received £3 8s 3d.

James O’Brian, discharged on 12 February inclusive, received £1 12s 1¼d. Thomas Pinkerton, enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, was paid £1 15s 1¼d. James Nephew, who deserted on 21 March inclusive after forty-seven days, received £2 19s 10d. John Turnball, transferred from the First Company on 16 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 12s 10¾d. William Thomas, enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £1 15s 1¾d.

The total for these Centinels came to £137 17s 7¼d.

In the Artillery Company, John French, Master Gunner, received a salary of £13 8s 9d, diet money of £6 16s 10½d, and house rent of £2 10s, giving a total of £22 15s 7½d.

The overall amount was then carried forward at £1465 17s 6¾d.

444

438

Brought over £1465 17s 6¾d

Gunners Mates
Isaac Leech £4 17s 6d
Nathan Lanfle £4 17s 6d
Roger Newarson £4 17s 6d
James Pritchard £4 17s 6d
Ely Leech £4 17s 6d
William Turner £4 17s 6d
John Butler £4 17s 6d
John Whitchurch £4 17s 6d £39

Quarter Gunners
John Nottage £4 17s 9d
John Artingstall £4 17s 9d
Edward Arnold £4 17s 9d
John Watkins £4 17s 9d
Adam Milbourn £4 17s 9d
Henry Carter £4 17s 9d
Wm Willman to 29 Janry incld ye day he was Discharged £1 7s 10½d
Jos. Thomas to 5 Feby incld ye day he was Discharged £1 14s 7½d £29 8s 11¾d

Matrosses
Joseph Boswell £4 1s 3d
Samuel Clark £4 1s 3d
John Smith Senr £4 1s 3d
Anthony Day £4 1s 3d
Philip Villiard £4 1s 3d
Peter Bath £4 1s 3d
Edward Cullimore £4 1s 3d
Robert Dickson £4 1s 3d
John Cassday £4 1s 3d
John Smith Junr £4 1s 3d
Derby Coles £4 1s 3d
William Campbell £4 1s 3d

Matrosses carried over £48 15s 3d

Carried over £1534 6s 6d

Brought forward was £1465 17s 6¾d.

Among the Gunners’ Mates, Isaac Leech, Nathan Lanfle, Roger Newarson, James Pritchard, Ely Leech, William Turner, John Butler, and John Whitchurch each received £4 17s 6d, amounting in total to £39.

For the Quarter Gunners, John Nottage, John Artingstall, Edward Arnold, John Watkins, Adam Milbourn, and Henry Carter each received £4 17s 9d. William Willman, discharged on 29 January inclusive, was paid £1 7s 10½d, and Joseph Thomas, discharged on 5 February inclusive, received £1 14s 7½d. The Quarter Gunners’ total came to £29 8s 11¾d.

Among the Matrosses [artillerymen assisting the gunners], Joseph Boswell, Samuel Clark, John Smith senior, Anthony Day, Philip Villiard, Peter Bath, Edward Cullimore, Robert Dickson, John Cassday, John Smith junior, Derby Coles, and William Campbell each received £4 1s 3d, bringing the subtotal for the Matrosses to £48 15s 3d.

The overall account was then carried forward at £1534 6s 6d.

445

439

Brought over £1534 6s 6d

Matrosses brought over £48 15s 3d

John Peters £4 1s 3d
John Bradley £4 1s 3d
Richard Billington £4 1s 3d
Abraham Ratcliff £4 1s 3d
Andrew Barton £4 1s 3d
Adam Watson £4 1s 3d
Benj. Marshall from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £2 1s 10d
Wm Hayes from 13 Feby incld 47 days he was inlisted £2 1s 10d £77 6s 2d

Superannuate
Richard Sindley Overseer £3 8s 3d
Joseph Whale Sergeant £3 8s 3d
William Branham Do. £3 8s 3d
Francis Furnz Armourer £6 0s 7½d £16 5s 1½d

£1627 18s 2d

Brought forward was £1534 6s 6d.

The Matrosses’ total brought forward was £48 15s 3d. John Peters, John Bradley, Richard Billington, Abraham Ratcliff, Andrew Barton, and Adam Watson each received £4 1s 3d. Benjamin Marshall, enlisted from 13 February inclusive for forty-seven days, received £2 1s 10d, and William Hayes, enlisted from the same date and for the same period, also received £2 1s 10d. The total for this section of Matrosses came to £77 6s 2d.

Under the heading “Superannuate”, Richard Sindley, Overseer, received £3 8s 3d. Joseph Whale, Sergeant, and William Branham, also a Sergeant, each received £3 8s 3d. Francis Furnz, Armourer, was paid £6 0s 7½d. The combined total for the superannuated men came to £16 5s 1½d.

The overall total at this point amounted to £1627 18s 2d.

446

440

1750 March 31
Dr John Clark Paymaster
To cash received from the Honble Company’s cash chest £1788 16s 6½d

Carried over £1788 16s 6½d

On 31 March 1750, Dr John Clark, Paymaster, recorded having received from the Honourable Company’s cash chest the sum of £1788 16s 6½d. This amount was entered as carried forward at the same total of £1788 16s 6½d.

447

441

Per Contra

1749 January 4
By cash paid James Hales for enlisting to serve the Honble Company as a soldier for four years to commence from ye day £3
Feb 7 By Do. William Draper for removing St. Helena & burning a house of W. Sampsons £4
March 4 By Do. John Lang for going into the country to bolt Thos. Warner as directed at the letter on the Govrs. Warrant £3
March 13 By Do. pd. the following persons the sums set opposite their several names for inlisting to serve the Honble Company as soldiers for four years to commence from this day Vizt

William Hayes £5
Peter Marshall £5
Alexander Hambleton £5
Andw Armstrong £5
Wm Bunting £5
Dav Smiley £5
Tho Shinkston £5
John Swift £5
John Turner £5
Wm Wakefield £5
John O’Harra £5
William Hutchenson £5
Tho Brown £5
Andw Lawson £2 10s
John Gerrard £2 10s
John Aston £5
Andrew Taylor £5
Daniel Carn £5
£85

March 16
By Do. pd John March for making 18 pr of shoes for the Honble Company’s slaves at 2s per pair £1 16s
March 20
By Do. pd. Benjn Whiteland for inlisting to serve the Honble Company as a soldier for four years to commence from this day £5
By Do. pd. Philip Cole for Do. £5
By Do. pd. Major Jackson for Do. inlistering to serve the Honble Company as £2 13s 4d
£105 3s 4d

On the opposite side of the account, under Per Contra, entries were recorded for various payments made during 1749.

On 4 January, a payment of £3 was made to James Hales for enlisting to serve the Honourable Company as a soldier for four years, his term to commence from that day.

On 7 February, £4 was paid to William Draper for work connected with the removal at St Helena and for burning a house belonging to William Sampson.

On 4 March, £3 was paid to John Lang for travelling into the country to apprehend Thomas Warner, as directed by a letter under the Governor’s warrant.

On 13 March, payments were made to a number of men for enlisting to serve the Honourable Company as soldiers for four years, their service commencing from that date. Each of the following men received £5: William Hayes, Peter Marshall, Alexander Hambleton, Andrew Armstrong, William Bunting, David Smiley, Thomas Shinkston, John Swift, John Turner, William Wakefield, John O’Harra, William Hutchenson, Thomas Brown, John Aston, and Andrew Taylor. Andrew Lawson and John Gerrard each received £2 10s, and Daniel Carn received £5. The total for these enlistments was £85.

On 16 March, John March was paid £1 16s for making eighteen pairs of shoes for the Honourable Company’s slaves at the rate of 2s per pair.

On 20 March, Benjamin Whiteland and Philip Cole were each paid £5 for enlisting as soldiers for four years from that date. Major Jackson received £2 13s 4d for his part in enlisting men to serve the Honourable Company.

The running total of these payments came to £105 3s 4d.

448

442

1750 March 31
Dr John Clark Paymaster
Brought over £1788 16s 6½d

£1788 16s 6½d

Island of St Helena, March the 31st 1750

On 31 March 1750, Dr John Clark, serving as Paymaster, recorded the balance brought forward of £1788 16s 6½d, which remained unchanged at the same total. The entry was concluded at St Helena on 31 March 1750.

449

443

Per Contra

Brought over £105 3s 4d

1749 March 19
By cash paid Capt Lindsay the balance of ship Pelham account £11 11s 11d

1750 March 31
By Do. paid Thos Lowder for caulking the Honble Company’s longboat £1 1s
By Do. paid Wm Cashman for past work done for the Honble Company in his fine £12 10s
By Do. paid Saml Falconer for 6 oz of rhubarb bought by him for the use of the Honble Company servants and slaves £3
By Do. paid Bridget Harper for 7 quarters for porker for porkers for 23 pigs for the Honble Company’s slaughter house and 1 cask in this quarter £1 10s
By Do. paid Richd Beale for 2 loads of timber for 2 Honble Company’s store houses in the country and for 1 load of it for the soldiers’ barracks at 6s 6d per load £1 12s 6d
By Do. paid Isaac Leech for making a flag for the Sugar Loaf and mending of flags in their garden £1 3s 6d
By Do. paid Richd Bagley for 5 bushels of potatoes at 5s per bushel for 85 bushels more at 4s 10d per bushel for the use of the Honble Company table in this quarter £3 17s 1d
By Do. paid Steph Willoughby and Willm Henstock for baking 178 batches of bread for the garrison at 3s 6d per batch in this quarter £6 10s
By Do. paid sundry persons their allowances for burying of seamen this quarter £3
By Do. paid Dave Robinson for enlisting to serve the Honble Company £5

Company as a soldier for five years to commence from this day £5
By Do. paid Saml Coles for mending windows in Castle and Officers’ Guard Room £1 4s
By Do. paid sundry persons for cutting express forth accots of paper to wind this quarter £1 5s
By Do. paid fifty-one men at 1s 3d each for cleaning the watercourse to prevent the flood from doing further damage to the houses in the valley and the Honble Company’s fortifications £3 3s 9d
By Do. paid the Honble Company’s officers, servants, their salary, diet money etc. for the quarter commencing Jan the 1st 1749 and ending March the 31st 1750 £1627 18s 2d

£1788 16s 6½d

Errors excepted
John Clark, Paymaster

The Per Contra section continued from the previous total of £105 3s 4d.

On 19 March 1749, Captain Lindsay was paid £11 11s 11d as the balance due on the account of the ship Pelham.

On 31 March 1750, Thomas Lowder received £1 1s for caulking the Honourable Company’s longboat. William Cashman was paid £12 10s for past work performed for the Honourable Company in his trade. Samuel Falconer was paid £3 for six ounces of rhubarb purchased for the use of the Honourable Company’s servants and slaves.

Bridget Harper received £1 10s for seven quarters of pork supplied from twenty-three pigs for the Honourable Company’s slaughterhouse, together with one cask during this quarter. Richard Beale was paid £1 12s 6d for two loads of timber supplied for the Honourable Company’s storehouses in the country and one additional load for the soldiers’ barracks, charged at 6s 6d per load. Isaac Leech received £1 3s 6d for making a flag for Sugar Loaf and for mending flags in the Company’s garden.

Richard Bagley was paid £3 17s 1d for five bushels of potatoes at 5s per bushel and a further eighty-five bushels at 4s 10d per bushel, these being for the Honourable Company’s table during the quarter. Stephen Willoughby and William Henstock together received £6 10s for baking one hundred and seventy-eight batches of bread for the garrison at the rate of 3s 6d per batch.

A total of £3 was paid to various persons for burial allowances for seamen during the quarter. David Robinson received £5 for enlisting as a soldier to serve the Honourable Company for five years, his service commencing that day. Samuel Coles was paid £1 4s for repairing windows in the Castle and Officers’ Guard Room.

A further £1 5s was paid to various persons for cutting express forms and preparing paper for winding accounts during the quarter. Fifty-one men were paid 1s 3d each, amounting to £3 3s 9d, for cleaning the watercourse to prevent flood damage to houses in the valley and to the Honourable Company’s fortifications.

Finally, £1627 18s 2d was paid to the Honourable Company’s officers and servants for their salaries, diet money, and allowances for the quarter beginning 1 January 1749 and ending 31 March 1750.

The total of all payments amounted to £1788 16s 6½d.

The entry concluded with the note “Errors excepted”, signed by John Clark, Paymaster.

450

444

1749 March 1
To balance remaining £2745 13s 3½d

March 4
To ship Doddington the balance of her account £7 5s

March 10
To ship Chesterfield the balance of her account £31 1s 8d

March 13
To ship Pernont the balance of her account £8 6s 11d

March 19
To exchange for one set of bills drawn on the Honble Company payable to Grant & Wrangham for £100

March 21
To order 90 days after sight dated this day

To ship Rhoda the balance of her account £26 12s 10¼d
To ship Cæcote the balance of her account £7 19s 8d
To ship Delawar the balance of her account £10 1s

1750 March 26
To exchange for one set of bills drawn on the Honble Court of Directors payable to Charles Hutchinson Esq. (or order) 90 days after sight dated this day £370

March 31
To Matthew Sterling for store goods sold in the months of January, February and March £1729 16s 3d
To plantation for 90 lbs butter sold £1 10s
To licences received for ten public houses 15s

£4056 8s 11¾d

On 1 March 1749, a balance of £2745 13s 3½d remained in the Honourable Company’s account.

On 4 March, the balance of the account for the ship Doddington was settled at £7 5s.

On 10 March, the balance of the ship Chesterfield account was paid at £31 1s 8d.

On 13 March, the ship Pernont account was cleared with a payment of £8 6s 11d.

On 19 March, a bill of exchange was issued for £100 in favour of Grant and Wrangham, drawn on the Honourable Company and payable ninety days after sight, dated that day.

On 21 March, another order was drawn for payment ninety days after sight, also dated that day. The same date recorded the settlement of the ship Rhoda account at £26 12s 10¼d, the ship Cæcote account at £7 19s 8d, and the ship Delawar account at £10 1s.

On 26 March 1750, another bill of exchange was drawn on the Honourable Court of Directors, payable to Charles Hutchinson Esquire (or order) ninety days after sight, dated that day, for £370.

On 31 March, Matthew Sterling made payment of £1729 16s 3d for store goods sold during January, February, and March. The plantation was credited with £1 10s for ninety pounds of butter sold, and £0 15s was received in licence fees for ten public houses.

The total balance of the account amounted to £4056 8s 11¾d.

451

445

Per Contra

1749 March 19
By ship Pelham the balance of her account £8 6s 11d

1750 March 31
By remaining accounts advanced the paymaster this quarter £1695 4s 9½d

By balance remaining in the following specie viz.:
4 pagodas, 4 rupees, 11½ annas at £2 3s 8d = £16 1s 8½d
1 W pagoda £3 9s 12d = £13 11s 2d
10 venetians at 10s = £5
12 rupees at 30d = £1 8s
2000 pagodas at 8s = £800

Gold amounting to £942 12s 9d
1699 dollars at 5s = £424 15s
3560 double royals at 1s 3d = £222 10s
1516 royals at 11½d = £71 7s 6d
12,947 half royals at 7¾d = £202 5s 11½d
441 French pieces at 2s = £3 13s 6d

Odd money £900 11s 8½d

Silver amounting to:
146 cash notes at 10s = £292
162 cash notes at 20s = £162
261 cash notes at 5s = £65 5s
160 cash notes at 2s 6d = £20

Cash notes amounting to £539 5s

Total £2352 12s 5½d

Grand total £4056 8s 11¾d

On the opposite side of the account, under Per Contra, entries were recorded for payments and balances corresponding to those in the previous statement.

On 19 March 1749, the balance of the ship Pelham account was £8 6s 11d.

On 31 March 1750, the sum of £1695 4s 9½d was advanced to the Paymaster for remaining accounts during the quarter.

The balance remaining on the island was listed in various kinds of specie.

Under gold, there were 4 pagodas, 4 rupees, and 11½ annas valued at £2 3s 8d each, amounting to £16 1s 8½d. One West pagoda was valued at £3 9s 12d, amounting to £13 11s 2d. Ten venetians at 10s each totalled £5. Twelve rupees at 30d each totalled £1 8s. Two thousand pagodas at 8s each came to £800. Together, these gold holdings totalled £942 12s 9d.

Under silver, 1699 dollars at 5s each amounted to £424 15s. There were 3560 double royals at 1s 3d each, totalling £222 10s, and 1516 royals at 11½d each, amounting to £71 7s 6d. There were also 12,947 half royals at 7¾d each, giving £202 5s 11½d, and 441 French pieces at 2s each, totalling £3 13s 6d. Odd money was listed at £900 11s 8½d.

The silver portion therefore amounted to £1824 13s 9d.

In addition, there were cash notes as follows: 146 notes at 10s each totalling £292, 162 notes at 20s each amounting to £162, 261 notes at 5s each totalling £65 5s, and 160 notes at 2s 6d each giving £20. The cash notes together amounted to £539 5s.

The total remaining balance of specie and cash was £2352 12s 5½d.

This, when added to the earlier entries, brought the grand total to £4056 8s 11¾d.

452

446

Pursuant to the order of the last consultation, the inhabitants met in vestry to choose parish officers for the ensuing year and elected the following persons:

Mr Thomas Greentree
Mr John Desfountain
Churchwardens

Mr Samuel Alexander
Mr Matthew Beattie
Mr Nathan Sample
Mr Stephen Young
Overseers for the East Division

Mr James Greentree
Mr Richard Mason
Overseers for the West Division

Mr Orlando Bagley
Mr Thomas Castrophe
Overseers for the South Division

Whereupon it was decided that warrants be written for Thomas Greentree and John Desfountain, churchwardens, and for Nathan Sample, James Greentree and Orlando Bagley, overseers.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had been on board the ship Montfort to muster her company and enquire for deserters, but found none. The muster roll was as follows:

Muster Roll of ship Montfort

Robert Hanslapp, Commander
George Beamish, 1st Mate
Tho’ Madge, 2nd Mate
James Hunt, 3rd Mate
John Hayes, 4th Mate
James Hodges, 5th Mate
George Legget, 6th Mate
Joseph Fleming, Surgeon
Wm Hodges, Purser
William Jones, Midshipman
George Croft, Boatswain
Thomas Cher, Carpenter
Thomas Pearce
Edward Graves
Wm Ayres
Thomas Weale
John Angus
J. Gilfillan, Quartermaster
Also 2 [men]

In accordance with the resolution made at the previous consultation, the island’s inhabitants met in vestry to appoint parish officers for the following year. The meeting elected Mr Thomas Greentree and Mr John Desfountain to serve as Churchwardens. Mr Samuel Alexander, Mr Matthew Beattie, Mr Nathan Sample, and Mr Stephen Young were appointed Overseers for the East Division. Mr James Greentree and Mr Richard Mason were chosen as Overseers for the West Division, and Mr Orlando Bagley together with Mr Thomas Castrophe were appointed Overseers for the South Division.

It was decided that warrants should be prepared and issued for Thomas Greentree and John Desfountain as Churchwardens, and for Nathan Sample, James Greentree, and Orlando Bagley as Overseers.

Lieutenant John Clark reported that he had gone aboard the ship Montfort to muster her crew and to check for any deserters, but none were found. The muster roll of the Montfort listed Robert Hanslapp as Commander; George Beamish as First Mate; Thomas Madge as Second Mate; James Hunt as Third Mate; John Hayes as Fourth Mate; James Hodges as Fifth Mate; George Legget as Sixth Mate; Joseph Fleming as Surgeon; William Hodges as Purser; William Jones as Midshipman; George Croft as Boatswain; Thomas Cher as Carpenter; and the following men: Thomas Pearce, Edward Graves, William Ayres, Thomas Weale, John Angus, and J. Gilfillan, Quartermaster, together with two additional men not named in the record.

453

447

The continuation of the Muster Roll of ship Montfort listed the following men:

Alex Carr
John Newton, Quartermaster
Robert Gallant
Richard Montmore, Carpenter
Robert Gilfillan, Gunner
Tho’ Stackwell, Boatswain
Tho’ Sharp, Captain’s Steward
William Taylor, Ship’s Doctor
Alex Willis, Cooper
Rich Brown, Caulker
Tho’ Beverley, Armourer
Brian O’Hearn, Captain’s Cook
John Samuels, Ship’s Cook
John Dickson, Butcher
Rich Dodd, Sailmaker
Ja’ Smith, Captain’s Mate
Ja’ Hutchinson, 2nd Mate
Rich Percival, Purser
Malcolm McEachon, Captain’s Clerk
Robt Compton, Gunner’s Mate
Willm Green, Armourer’s Mate
John Clement, Boatswain’s Mate
Thomas Scarlet
Tho’ Allison, Seaman
Thomas Brooks
Pat Dunn
Andrew Macary
Anthony Gonzilite
James Sallowit, Seaman
Evan Cahill
Willm Goddard
William Fox
David Johnson
Ed Hagerty
Ones Christly
Thomas Bindmore
John Bolton
John Cleare
Henry Mitchel
William Perry
John Nicholas
James Skinner
Oliver Johnson
George Freeman
William Hammond
William Thompson
Thomas Reynolds
Robert Turner
John Martin
Richard Pickering
James Richmond
William Lego
Samuel Bond
John Wilson
John Strick
Jos Francis
John Ewen, Seaman
Robert Welch
Hy James
Robert Sempleman
Rich Dunkin
Robert Smith
John Barnett
Rich Lockley
William Sebbis
Thomas Blackway
John Jones
Jacob Author
Peter Ogilby
Tho’ Vale Pearce
Edward Colier
Thomas Cradle
John Lever
Robert Keys
John Doveton, 1st Mate’s Servant
Tho’ Hunt, 2nd Mate’s Do.
Geo. Hettyplace, Gunner’s Do.
Willm Peger, Carpenter’s Do.
Ja Gilfillan, Gunner’s Do.
Jos Francis Junr, Boat’s Do.
Henry Haden
John Searles, Supercargo’s Servant
Francis Wood
Archibald Macknathy, Servant to the Shipwright
Thomas Wagg, Servant to the Shipwright’s Mate

It was then ordered that the licences for ten public houses be renewed to the same persons upon the usual terms.

Signed:
Cha. Hutchinson
David Hunter
John Clark

The continuation of the Montfort’s muster roll listed the following men: Alex Carr; John Newton, Quartermaster; Robert Gallant; Richard Montmore, Carpenter; Robert Gilfillan, Gunner; Thomas Stackwell, Boatswain; Thomas Sharp, Captain’s Steward; William Taylor, Ship’s Doctor; Alex Willis, Cooper; Richard Brown, Caulker; Thomas Beverley, Armourer; Brian O’Hearn, Captain’s Cook; John Samuels, Ship’s Cook; John Dickson, Butcher; Richard Dodd, Sailmaker; James Smith, Captain’s Mate; James Hutchinson, Second Mate; Richard Percival, Purser; and Malcolm McEachon, Captain’s Clerk.

The list continued with Robert Compton, Gunner’s Mate; William Green, Armourer’s Mate; John Clement, Boatswain’s Mate; Thomas Scarlet; Thomas Allison, Seaman; Thomas Brooks; Patrick Dunn; Andrew Macary; Anthony Gonzilite; James Sallowit, Seaman; Evan Cahill; William Goddard; William Fox; David Johnson; Edward Hagerty; Ones Christly; Thomas Bindmore; John Bolton; John Cleare; Henry Mitchel; William Perry; John Nicholas; James Skinner; Oliver Johnson; George Freeman; William Hammond; William Thompson; Thomas Reynolds; Robert Turner; John Martin; Richard Pickering; James Richmond; William Lego; Samuel Bond; John Wilson; John Strick; Joseph Francis; and John Ewen, Seaman.

Also recorded were Robert Welch; Henry James; Robert Sempleman; Richard Dunkin; Robert Smith; John Barnett; Richard Lockley; William Sebbis; Thomas Blackway; John Jones; Jacob Author; Peter Ogilby; Thomas Vale Pearce; Edward Colier; Thomas Cradle; John Lever; and Robert Keys.

Servants were also listed: John Doveton, servant to the First Mate; Thomas Hunt, servant to the Second Mate; George Hettyplace, servant to the Gunner; William Peger, servant to the Carpenter; James Gilfillan, servant to the Gunner; Joseph Francis junior, servant to the Boat; Henry Haden; John Searles, servant to the Supercargo; Francis Wood; Archibald Macknathy, servant to the Shipwright; and Thomas Wagg, servant to the Shipwright’s Mate.

It was then agreed that the licences for ten public houses should be renewed to the same holders on the usual terms.

Signed: Charles Hutchinson, David Hunter, and John Clark.

454

448

Book cover

455

449

EAP 1364 St Helena.

Document Name and Date:
St Helena Records 1748–1750

Dimensions (height × width × depth):
47 cm × 32.5 cm × 6.5 cm

Number of written pages: 447
Number of blank pages: 0

Spine and cover: Good condition

Inside pages: Good condition. Foxing [brown age spots] present.

Additional comments: (none recorded)

Time taken to photograph: 6 hours