Introduction: This is the 49th volume in the series of St Helena Records, which summarises the proceedings of official meetings held by the island’s Governor and Council, during which matters of government, defence, supplies, justice and discipline were discussed and recorded.
Source: Images of the original records can be viewed on the British Library’s website: https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP1364-1-1-49.
Referencing Text Locations: A dual numbering system has been adopted, combining the British Library film number with the manuscript’s original page number. These are presented in the format: British Library Film No. / Document Page No.
Text Inaccuracy: This transcription was produced by AI from handwritten document images held on the British Library's website, at about thirty pages per hour. Given the limitations described below, the text should be regarded as unreliable and used only as a search-and-find shortcut: once a relevant section has been located, it must always be checked against the source image via the hyperlinked Film Numbers listed in the main transcription table below.
Three specific problems affected the work. First, AI tends to prioritise meaning and readability at the expense of fidelity to the original, with a strong disposition to normalise spellings, expand abbreviations, and adjust grammar. It is particularly weak with unfamiliar surnames, and scrawled signatures often resist accurate transcription entirely. Transcriptions by eye of documents spanning four centuries have also shown that a single surname could be written in a wide variety of ways: the Crowie family name appears under six different spellings, and the Isaacs family name under sixteen. Searches for surnames are therefore hindered both by genuine variations in the originals and by mistranscriptions introduced by AI, and for this reason are best run phonetically. Second, the AI struggled with the late secretary hand, the script commonly used from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, in which the letter S appears in a form closely resembling a trailing L. Third, occasional passages in these volumes are written in a hand so obscure or poorly formed as to be difficult to read even by eye, sometimes compounded by heavy ink bleed-through from the reverse side or by the loss of sections of pages.
To mitigate these difficulties, a strict protocol was applied to each image, requiring the AI to rely solely on clearly visible ink strokes and to flag any uncertain reading, thereby reducing the risk of inferred or invented text. Two conventions are used. [...] marks text that could not be read with confidence; this may represent a single unreadable word, a full sentence, or occasionally an entire paragraph. Square brackets around letters or words indicate a conjectural reading supplied by the transcriber: brackets around a whole word, for example [Bazett], mean the entire word was unclear and a probable reading has been supplied, while brackets around individual letters within an otherwise readable word, for example B[a]z[e]tt, mean only those specific letters were unclear in the source and the unbracketed letters were legibly present.
Pagination: The pages are not numbered. Therefore, for reference purposes, the first page of the records on Film No. 8 is designated as page 1 (location 5/1), with numbering continuing sequentially through the end of the volume.
Dates: The previous volume, the 48th set of consultations, ended with a council meeting on 16 October 1769. This volume begins with a council meeting on 15 January 1770, so records are missing for the period mid-October to mid-January. The final meeting in this volume took place on 5 November of the same. All the sessions were convened during the administration of John Skottowe (1764-1782).
AI Generated Summary
The record comprises the storekeeper’s, paymaster’s, pay, treasury, artillery, table and livestock accounts, the muster rolls of Company ships and the weekly Council minutes of St Helena from the quarter ending 31 December 1769 to the Council meeting of 5 November 1770. Governor John Skottowe, Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling, written Burling in the closing pages, formed the Council at the Castle throughout. The storekeeper James Powell signed each quarter’s accounts “errors excepted” on 31 December 1769, 31 March 1770, 30 June 1770 and 30 September 1770. The Council passed the December accounts on 15 January 1770, with its minutes of 8 January 1770, and the March accounts with the pay list on 16 April 1770. The books record issue and price but seldom purpose, and no war or enemy is named. [Film No. 8, 48, 58, 158, 185, 308, 408, 431, 446]
The quarterly civil list was unchanged from the quarter to 30 September 1769, after the Court of Directors’ increase of May 1769. Skottowe drew £150 0s 0d with £31 14s 9d for servants, Corneille £87 10s 0d and Purling £80 0s 0d from salary, accountant’s pay, table allowance and a gratuity. The chaplain William Bearcroft drew £55 0s 0d and the secretary Matthew Bazett and the storekeeper £45 0s 0d each. William Wrangham, paymaster since Kirkpatrick’s dismissal in April 1769, drew £50 0s 0d as eldest factor (£15 0s 0d), assistant to the Governor and paymaster, with diet money and house rent. Jonathan Doveton drew £5 0s 0d as assistant storekeeper, Bartholomew (later entered Britannicus) Wright £12 10s 0d as collector of customs, equal to his factor’s salary, and George Bazett £6 16s 10½d as clerk of the works. Writers drew £7 10s 0d in salary against £10 0s 0d table allowance in December 1769 and £12 10s 0d in diet money and house rent by March 1770. Tradesmen ranged from £30 0s 0d for the master mason William Holbrook to £1 5s 0d for John Joyce as keeper of clocks and instruments, and the carpenter John Robinson and superintendent of works Thomas Bazett drew £25 0s 0d each without diet money or house rent. [Film No. 49–51, 186–188]
The Council met weekly and sent every minute home. On 5 February 1770 it approved the minutes of 29 January 1770 and adjourned for want of business. On 12 February 1770 it passed the monthly artillery and steward’s accounts. On 5 March 1770 it found no business, the Glatton having sailed on 24 February 1770. No one left the island without leave: Jonathan Doveton junior applied on 23 February 1770 to sail next day in the Glatton, commanded by Richard Doveton, and leave was granted at once. John Goodwin, whose writership expired on 21 March 1770, was made factor on 26 March 1770; the civil list names him John Gordon and splits his pay at 21 March 1770. [Film No. 83, 87, 108–109, 123, 186–187]
General expenses for the quarter to 31 December 1769 closed at £105 6s 0d, charging the Castle 12 pairs of brass candlesticks, two 5-quart tea kettles, two dozen ivory-handled knives and forks, glass, china, whiting and cloth for plate, from a store holding 14 pairs of candlesticks and 21 kettles on 30 September 1769. Candles for the Castle, Council, chaplain and doctor’s shop fell to 288 pounds from 482 pounds. The fishermen of both the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor drew hooks and lines, where only the latter’s boat had been supplied in the quarter before. [Film No. 27–30, 33]
In the quarter to 31 March 1770 general expenses came to £115 7s 6d. The Castle took 302 pounds of candles, the Council 120 pounds and the chaplain 30 pounds, with six pieces of Irish linen at £8 17s 3d, china over £11 including 40 octagonal meat plates and four tureens, lanterns and steel snuffers. Men in the stores and the doctor’s shop drew 119 gallons of arrack for £17 9s 3d, the groom and gardener drew sugar candy and tea, and canvas, a deal and brads made packet boxes for dispatches to the Court. In the quarter to 30 June 1770 the account rose to £192 15s 7d: arrack for the stores rose to 213¼ gallons while more than a dozen Company ships discharged, 676 pounds of cordage renewed the stores’ tackle and crane ropes, and candles held at 480 pounds. The Castle took seven pieces of Irish linen, 7 dozen wine glasses, four dozen green-handled knives and forks at £7 18s 4d and wool cards, and bushel, half-bushel and peck measures cost over £8. Carpenters received 12 adzes, four broad axes, a whipsaw, 24 claw hammers, over 100 chisels, 48 gimlets and 18 planes with 72 spare irons. In the quarter to 30 September 1770 the account closed at £177 18s 7d, with 98 gallons of arrack for the stores, 453 pounds of candles, new scales and weights at £4 6s 0d and a pewter crane and brass cock for the casks. [Film No. 168–171, 309–313, 418–421]
Repairs to the Lieutenant Governor’s house, ordered on 2 March 1767 and occupied by Corneille since May 1769, cost £44 2s 8d in the quarter to 31 December 1769. It and the Castle took rope for scaffolding, 67 double deals, 23 single deals, 10 baulks, over 220 pounds of nails, 74 pounds of blue paint for £8 3s 5d and 139 pounds of chalk. The paymaster also paid for repainting the Castle portico. In the quarter to 31 March 1770 repairs cost £21 5s 10d, with 385 pounds of dry white lead, 25¼ gallons of linseed oil, 9 pounds of verdigris at £1 15s 3d and 6 ounces of Prussian blue for the Castle and the house, whose painters drew 4 gallons of arrack; it also took scaffold cordage, large panes, a key, screws and solder, and the chaplain’s house timber and nails. In the quarter to 30 June 1770 repairs cost £23 17s 8d: 102 single and 20 double deals made a new cellar in the stores, and the chaplain’s house was repainted in white lead, stone ochre, Prussian blue and chocolate colour. In the quarter to 30 September 1770 they cost £25 5s 10d. The chaplain’s house took 136 pounds of paint and 4½ gallons of linseed oil, the plantation house, adjutant’s house and Lieutenant Governor’s house glass, nails, sheet lead, hinges and locks, and Riga timber covered the cellar. Day labour repaired the Lieutenant Governor’s house at Longwood and Plantation House, built a bath house and cleared the Ladder Hill path. [Film No. 31–33, 74, 76, 171–173, 313–314, 421–422, 466, 468]
The Governor’s table drew £60 2s 4d in stores in the quarter to 31 December 1769: 93 gallons of arrack against 84 and 52 gallons in the quarters to 30 September and 30 June 1769, and 42 pieces of salt beef and 72 of pork against 12 and 42. The Castle bought 631¾ pounds of fresh beef for £13 3s 3d at the planters’ price of 5d a pound. The Company’s table cost £39 10s 9½d in September 1769 and £32 12s 1½d in January 1770, when it drew 46 bottles of Lisbon wine, 25½ gallons of arrack and eight lambs. It cost £30 0s 11¼d in February 1770 and £31 1s 3d in March 1770, butter falling from 14 pounds to 7¾ pounds and sugar candy rising to 217 pounds. The diet account for the quarter to 31 March 1770 came to £57 7s 1d, with 1,369 pounds of flour, 48 pieces each of salt beef and pork, 72 gallons of arrack and 530 pounds of sugar candy at £11 0s 10d. The paymaster bought island fowls at 2s 6d and eggs at 1s 6d a dozen, with soy, ginger and curry ingredients. Spirits were bought on 7 February 1770 from the Society, the arrack society in which Purling held a three-eighths share, at 4s 5d a gallon, and Corneille took £3 0s 0d in place of his mutton allowance. [Film No. 30, 33, 72, 89, 111, 146, 173, 208, 210, 222]
The table cost £27 7s 11¾d in April 1770, mutton at 232 pounds being its largest item. May cost £44 8s 4½d while Harry Verelst was entertained for 13 days and Charles Bourchier from 22 May 1770, with Madeira, 39 gallons of arrack, eight lambs and three kids. June cost £40 11s 11¼d, with port for the first time, 198 pounds of sugar candy and 228½ pounds of beef. Stores for the quarter came to £72 2s 10d: 1,577 pounds of flour, 91 gallons of arrack and 1,058 pounds of sugar and candy, including 258 pounds of superfine candy. The paymaster bought a pipe of Madeira for £40 0s 0d and, on 31 May and 12 June 1770, 13 firkins of butter for £52 0s 0d, hams, Gloucester cheeses, pickles at £2 10s 0d a case, jams and dried fruit, with island fowls, turkeys, eggs, pigs, 19 partridges, the Lieutenant Governor’s mutton and a cream ewer at £2 2s 0d. July cost £33 9s 9d, August £36 10s 0½d and September £33 10s 0¾d, with mutton at 244 to 265 pounds a month and almost no poultry. Stores for the quarter to 30 September 1770 came to £60 4s 11d, including 1,484 pounds of flour, 75 gallons of arrack and 524 pounds of candy, and the Lieutenant Governor supplied mutton for £3 0s 0d. [Film No. 239, 270, 292, 314–315, 350, 352, 354, 384, 394, 407, 422, 462]
On 9 April 1770 the Council summoned all inhabitants to a vestry at the chapel in the valley on Monday 16 April 1770 to elect parish officers, choose a constable and nominate three residents for sheriff. The vestry nominated James Grantree, Jonathan Doveton and Benjamin Mason, returned John Seale as constable and put forward two candidates for each churchwardenship and overseership. The Council chose Grantree, second lieutenant of the Fourth Company, as sheriff, and as churchwardens Solomon St Maurice and its secretary Matthew Bazett, passing over Orlando Bagley and Richard Beale. It took the first name returned for overseer of each division: Stephen Young (East), Simon Whaley (West) and John Scott (South). The officers were sworn on 14 May 1770. The Company bought the constable’s staff and a coat for the porter of the court of blue serge lined with shalloon, with gilt buttons, buckram and a fine hat, paying John Moyse £1 0s 0d to make it. [Film No. 149, 224, 241, 312–313, 352]
The British King and Harcourt arrived from England on 8 and 9 May 1770, and the Court’s packets were opened on 9 May 1770. The Council told Wrangham, James Desfountain, William Webber Doveton, the surgeon Robert Barclay, his mate John Pritchard, Nathan Sampell, Thomas Leach and the second lieutenants the Court’s ruling in each case, without entering the rulings. From 9 May 1770 James Tippet was paid as engineer at £200 a year with £10 house rent, John Congreve as judge advocate and schoolmaster and James Carmichael as gardener. Holbrook’s mate John Preston was entered as mason at £20 0s 0d. Barclay’s pay rose from £9 15s 0d to £19 15s 0d a quarter, Pritchard’s from £6 5s 0d to £13 15s 0d and the second lieutenants’ by 1s a day to the first lieutenants’ £27 7s 6d, all backdated to 6 May 1769. On 14 May 1770 the paymaster paid arrears of £159 6s 0d to 10 second lieutenants and £63 5s 10d to the two surgeons. By the quarter to 30 September 1770 Wrangham drew a single paymaster’s salary of £27 10s 0d with £15 0s 0d diet money, £55 0s 0d in all; Tippet drew £50 0s 0d as engineer and £59 6s 3d as captain of artillery, Congreve £22 10s 0d and Carmichael £10 0s 0d. In the quarter to 30 June 1770 Tippet had drawn £34 9s 0d as captain of artillery from 9 May 1770. [Film No. 236, 329–331, 350, 446–448]
On 22 May 1770 the Council wrote to Fort William, Fort St George, Bombay, Fort Marlborough and the Canton supercargoes with lists of ships that had called. It complained to John Cartier at Fort William that his letters were again addressed to the Deputy Governor of St Helena. The British King and Harcourt, their 10 working days for unloading over, received sailing orders that day for Fort Marlborough, and Richard Wyatt was asked to forward the India letters from Bencoolen. [Film No. 249–252]
On 31 May 1770 Captain Robert Boss of the Britannia offered the barrel of salute powder that the Court and owners required each ship to land, saying he had lacked a boat. The Council’s reply, addressed to “Captain Rous”, refused it: a ship had to be dispatched on the day she was reported ready to avoid demurrage under her charter party, her account and packet were closed and Boss had never asked for a boat. [Film No. 260, 264–265]
On 16 June 1770 the Council put Lieutenant Michael Frost, half blind after 26 years’ service, the last 11 commissioned, on the same half pay as Lieutenant Nathan Sampell, £13 15s 11d a quarter, his commission being his only support. On 18 June 1770 Tippet, captain of artillery and acting engineer, protested at being put on the infantry captains’ roster and asked for the horse and Company slave his predecessor Mitchell had had. The Council replied that only three other captains served, that the works lay near James’s Valley where the captain of the week did duty and that engineers of the King’s service did regimental duty in garrison, and it promised relief when the works required. It did not answer the request for a horse and slave. On 2 July 1770, on Thomas Bazett’s reminder, it granted him £30 0s 0d for 11 months in charge of the artillery after Mitchell left. It had judged the artillery’s senior lieutenant Thomas Leech unfit to command in a letter of 1769 and had promised Bazett a reward. The paymaster entered the payment under 30 June 1770. [Film No. 278–279, 282–283, 288, 356]
On 30 July 1770 Philip Mahony, clerk of the peace at £30 0s 0d a quarter, petitioned to be paid as a subaltern. He had given up his military connection on that understanding and been raised to £110 a year, but the Court’s later rise for officers had left him behind, and his fees had come to 18s in a year. The Council entered the petition without a decision, and his pay was unchanged at 30 September 1770. On 27 August 1770 it ordered every householder to send the secretary by 20 September 1770 a signed account of family, land and cattle and of cattle lost since 1 January 1770, and planters to attend on 1 October 1770 to pay the year’s rents. The stores closed from 1 September to 1 October 1770 while Purling took stock. [Film No. 371–372, 389–390, 446–448]
On 29 October 1770 Purling reported the general books balanced to 30 September 1770 and was told to have fair copies made. The Council wrote off the old values of fortifications being rebuilt to new designs, replacing them with the cost of the new work, and brought the Lieutenant Governor’s house and the hospital into the books for the first time. [Film No. 473]
The pay list for the quarter to 31 December 1769 covered four companies of foot, an artillery company and four pensioners. A private drew 10d a day (£3 16s 8d for 92 days), a corporal or drummer 14d, a sergeant 20d and a matross 1s. Captains drew £59 6s 3d, first lieutenants £27 7s 6d and second lieutenants £22 16s 3d in salary, a first lieutenant reaching £36 14s 4½d with table allowance and house rent. Wages totalled £3,463 15s 3½d, against £3,469 8s 7d in the quarter to 30 September 1769. In the quarter to 31 March 1770 a private drew £3 15s 0d, a corporal or drummer £5 5s 0d and a sergeant £7 10s 0d, while the artillery paid £4 10s 0d to a matross, £6 0s 0d to a gunner, £6 15s 0d to a corporal or bombardier and £9 0s 0d to a sergeant. Sergeant James Goudy of the Third Company alone drew a daily 2s 8d, £12 0s 0d, and Robert Gibson, second lieutenant of artillery, half pay until restored to full pay on 8 May 1770. The establishment cost £3,405 13s 10d in the quarter to 31 March 1770, £3,725 10s 4d in the 91-day quarter to 30 June 1770, when a private drew £3 15s 10d, and £3,911 7s 5d in the 92-day quarter to 30 September 1770. [Film No. 58–70, 189, 193, 196, 203–204, 331–332, 344, 446–448, 460]
The First Company kept the sergeants and corporals raised in late July 1769, George Seale, Thomas Moore, Henry Clarke and Andrew Alexander, while George Roe and Thomas Townsend, the sergeants then reduced, served as privates. James Sullivan, one of 13 invalids sent from Madras in the Thames, enlisted on 13 October 1769 for five years with a £5 0s 0d bounty and died on 12 January 1770. Robert Richard Grosvenor, a deserter from Bombay handed over by Captain Abercromby of the Grenville and held on 17 August 1769 to a five-year engagement, drew a full quarter’s pay in the Second Company. Mark Batts re-enlisted for £10 0s 0d on 9 October 1769 and passed from the Third to the First Company on 10 October 1769, and Robert Stack re-enlisted for £10 0s 0d on 31 December 1769. Jacob Brown died on 7 November 1769, and Abraham Clarke, enlisted on 1 April 1769, on 4 December 1769. Six privates had died within two months of the quarter to 30 June 1769. [Film No. 8, 51–57, 60, 62]
Four foot non-commissioned officers were reduced between 27 October and 28 November 1769: Corporal Thomas Ferris of the Fourth Company on 27 October, replaced that day by George Wood, and in the Third Company Sergeant Thomas Taylor on 30 October after five months in the rank, Corporal Richard Ashford on 13 November and Corporal George Towns on 28 November. Thomas Hedges, William Hamilton, Thomas Nash and George Short filled the places within a day of each loss. Joseph West, Samuel Packer and Thomas Palmer, reduced in June, July and September 1769, served as privates. The artillery, under Thomas Bazett since June 1769, broke Bombardier John Dobson to matross on 6 October 1769 and Bombardier William Stapleford, re-enlisted for £10 0s 0d in May 1769, on 16 October 1769. John Carfoot and Benjamin Holmes rose to bombardier the next day in each case, and William Pink and William Crabb from matross to gunner. Francis Harding left the First Company for the artillery on 8 November 1769 and Dobson entered it next day as a private on 10d, from a bombardier’s 18d. On 10 November 1769 William Brown went to the Fourth Company for Robert Nichols, entered there as Robert Mitchell, the deserter given up by Captain Hayter of the York and enlisted with a bounty on 27 June 1769. [Film No. 53–54, 58–69]
On 2 October 1769 the Council enlisted three island-born boys as drummers and fifers, Benjamin Seale, George Watts and Hayes (Thomas in the minutes, John in the pay list), at a bounty of £2 2s 0d each and a private’s 10d a day, one in each of the first three companies. Three grown drummers, among them John Campton, went into the ranks, and James Moyce moved from the Third Company to the Fourth Company’s drum. The drum major drew £1 0s 0d a quarter for teaching the young drummers. A fourth boy, Edward Hayes, was enlisted as a drummer on 22 January 1770 with a £2 0s 0d bounty. The fife major was paid £6 17s 6d for teaching young fifers for 273 days to 31 March 1770 and £2 5s 6d at 6d a day in the quarter to 30 June 1770, when Benjamin Seale took the drum, Patrick Etherington returned to the ranks and Watts also drew drummer’s pay. [Film No. 51, 55, 58, 61, 63, 72, 82, 188, 201, 210, 212, 334–335, 338, 354]
James Goudy, the sergeant major, took over copying the regimental courts martial at £10 0s 0d a year after the Council told the nearly blind Richard Beale senior on 4 September 1769 to find a copyist. He was paid £3 6s 8d for four months on 31 December 1769 and £2 10s 0d in each of the quarters to March and June 1770. From the quarter to 30 September 1770 he drew an ordinary sergeant’s £7 13s 4d, Congreve having taken over the courts martial. [Film No. 59, 72, 210, 354, 457]
The artillery return for January 1770 recorded 37 guns fired and 163 pounds 9 ounces of powder. Alarms on 13 January 1770 brought two 18-pounders into action at Purling’s Battery and six small guns at Prosperous Bay. The Ponsborne was saluted with nine guns on arrival on 13 January 1770 and departure on 28 January 1770, and on 27 January 1770 the gunners fired 11 guns for her by mistake, losing 16 pounds 8 ounces of powder. Powder also went to blasting at the quarry and Munden’s Point, scaling the guns at Lemon Valley, shooting goats and the funerals of James Donnavan on 9 January 1770 and Sullivan on 12 January 1770, and 12 gallons of vinegar for cooling and sponging guns were written off. February 1770 used 160 guns and 352 pounds 6 ounces of powder and March 1770 134 guns and 485 pounds 2 ounces. Every sail sighted set off alarm guns at Purling’s Battery, Prosperous Bay and Turk’s Cap, and each Indiaman arriving or departing received nine guns from the main fort. Powder was also issued for signals, the longboat crews and the Governor’s use. General Richard Smith received 15 guns on landing from the Hampshire on 15 February 1770 and on re-embarking on 22 February 1770. Priming laid for Major Hill of the Ankerwyke on 11 February 1770 and for an expected salute from the Speaker on 20 March 1770 was not fired. A Swedish ship received eight guns on 13 March 1770, and the Danish and French ships 24 together on 28 March 1770. [Film No. 88, 110, 145–146]
The April 1770 return recorded 129 guns and 312 pounds 11 ounces, including 36 guns when four Indiamen sailed on 7 April 1770 and a double alarm of 10 guns on 18 April 1770 for three passing ships, entered in the minutes as four ships thought Dutch. Powder also went to blasting at the Line and Lemon Valley. Bazett signed the April return and Tippet that of May, which recorded 298 guns and 576 pounds 1 ounce. Verelst, late Governor of Bengal, received 19 guns on landing on 5 May 1770 and on boarding the Lioness on 18 May 1770, and Bourchier, late Governor of Madras, the same on landing on 22 May 1770 and leaving on 1 June 1770. Alarms were fired at Prosperous Bay and Purling’s Battery on 13 days in May, and the page totals carried 150 guns forward but brought 159 forward. June used 153 guns and 385 pounds 10 ounces, including a royal salute of 21 guns for the King’s birthday on 4 June 1770. The British King was saluted on leaving on 12 June 1770, and the Harcourt sailed on 13 June 1770 without a salute. The artillery bought 40 white hoops for budge barrels. July used 177 pounds 5 ounces, 82 pounds of it for blasting at the slaughterhouse and barracks and 8 pounds for stone for the school, and over half a ton of junk for wads. August used 236 pounds 5 ounces, 146 pounds of it for the stone blowers at Munden’s Point and the barracks and 12 pounds for the school, and a 24-pounder bar shot broke at Munden’s Point. Each military funeral took 2 pounds 4 ounces for the volley. [Film No. 225, 238, 268–269, 277, 291, 383, 393–394, 406]
The discharges of January to March 1770 included the matross William Hodges on 22 January 1770, John Dobson on 25 January 1770 and Silvanus Relf or Rolph on 21 February 1770 by the minutes and 19 February 1770 by the pay list. Captain Payne of the Ponsborne was paid £10 0s 0d in January 1770 for the passage of two discharged soldiers, and Captain John Waddell £5 0s 0d on 26 February 1770 for Rolph’s, with 1s 6d for three days’ food. James Donnavan died on 7 January 1770, James Trelevan on 11 January 1770 and William Brown on 23 January 1770. William Allen moved from the Fourth Company to the artillery on 22 January 1770, entered as a matross with a blank surname. In the Fourth Company Sergeant John Hilliard was reduced to private on 6 February 1770, halving his pay, Corporal Thomas Williams replaced him next day and Benjamin Garrard rose from private to corporal. George Wills left the drum on 21 January 1770 and John Harper took it next day. The drummers John Martin and John Swaks exchanged between the First and Third Companies, dated 8 March 1770 on one roll and 9 March 1770 on the other. [Film No. 72, 74, 82, 106, 189–206, 208, 210]
A whole intake’s five-year terms expired between 12 February and 23 March 1770. The minutes record 16 men discharged between 20 March 1770 and 2 April 1770, among them Sergeant Robert Hopkinson of the Second Company on 20 March 1770, a matross and a drummer, but record no bounties, whereas in May 1769 the Council had kept 12 such men with £10 0s 0d bounties. The paymaster’s account shows 44 time-expired men re-enlisting at £10 0s 0d each, £440 0s 0d in all, 37 of them between 20 and 23 March 1770, including Bombardier Charles Abraham, Sergeant Thomas Williams, Corporal Thomas Kyloch, two drummers and several matrosses. The pay list shows about 17 men leaving the companies, most on or about 20 March 1770. On 23 March 1770 Joseph Whaley rose to sergeant and Charles Holloway to corporal in the Second Company. Eight privates enlisted, from Edward Hayes to Richard Wallace on 21 March 1770, with the matross John White from 23 March 1770. Benjamin Courtney received £4 0s 0d and James Brown £5 0s 0d, against £2 10s 0d to £5 0s 0d for recruits in 1769. Six men enlisted between 15 March 1770 and 6 April 1770 at £6 0s 0d to £10 0s 0d: John Wilson and John Colwison or Coulson received £10 0s 0d each on 15 March 1770 by the minutes and 16 March 1770 by the paymaster, and Wallace £6 0s 0d by the minutes and £7 0s 0d by the paymaster. New enlistments in the quarter cost £56 0s 0d. Nicholas Godfrey, enlisted on 6 April 1770, left the Pigot’s crew with her commander’s consent. The invalids Benjamin Poole and Thomas Mills were sent home in the Speaker on 20 March 1770 for £10 0s 0d. Private John Long died on 10 April 1770 and was buried next day. [Film No. 115, 119, 121, 123, 133, 135, 140, 150, 190–206, 210, 218, 220, 222, 231]
On the night of 17 April 1770 Private Jeremiah Whorrill and Matross Robert Frankish, who had re-enlisted for £10 0s 0d on 23 and 20 March 1770, put to sea in a Company longboat. The nearest land lay more than 1,000 miles away, and on 23 April 1770 the Council recorded them as presumed drowned. The pay list entered them as deserters from 17 April 1770, forfeiting their arrears. On 4 May 1770 a gale drove an old Company longboat out to sea from alongside the Royal Charlotte, and the Council recalled the other boats. [Film No. 220, 222, 229, 230–231, 343–344, 347]
The British King landed 48 recruits on the night of 8 May 1770 and the Harcourt 47 the next morning. Their surgeons, Robert Wigram and John Silvester Hay, were paid 5s a head, £23 15s 0d, on 6 June 1770. Each recruit’s pay ran from his landing. The Second Company took 18, including Thomas Ashworth senior and junior, and three came as sergeants: Thomas Pearce, James Elgin and John Clacks. On landing they received 95 pieces of salt meat, 482 pounds of flour and arrack at Company expense. On 7 May 1770 the Council paid £10 0s 0d to the Royal Charlotte’s armourer Boyce, named Robert by the paymaster and James on the Fourth Company’s roll. In the quarter to 30 June 1770 bounties of £6 0s 0d went to Godfrey, Nicholas Dennis, William Rankin and Christopher Smith and £3 0s 0d to John Harrison, and four discharged soldiers re-enlisted for £10 0s 0d. Rankin enlisted on 24 May 1770 for five years, served 11 days in the Third Company and became a matross on 3 June 1770. Corporal John Springthorp was serving as a private. [Film No. 235, 241, 258, 317, 331–335, 337–338, 340, 342, 347, 352, 356]
Bombardier John Carfoot was discharged on 7 May 1770, and Ringrose rose to bombardier on 9 May 1770. Corporal Adam Smith was reduced to matross on 16 May 1770, and Sedgwick Witherall and James Waller moved up next day. Gunner William Hassell died on 30 April 1770 by the pay list and 1 May 1770 by the minutes, and George King, a Bencoolen cadet left on the island by accident from the Duke of Albany in 1769, who had served out John Osborne’s contract as a gunner, was discharged on 21 May 1770 to continue his voyage. John Fox, who had re-enlisted on 20 March 1770, William Stapleford, George Washington and Philip Connaway rose from matross to gunner. Matross Matthew Dunhill was released on 15 May 1770 on finding Stephen Swartsen to serve his remaining three years and eight months. Privates William Griffin and Daniel Masterson died on 13 May 1770 and were buried together on 14 May 1770, and James Swanson died on 18 May 1770. Privates Samuel Perry and John Pluck were discharged on 28 May 1770. Private Thomas Rutherford of the Fourth Company, paid to 10 June 1770, was found dead on 11 June 1770, “supposed” to have hanged himself; his pay was not forfeited, and the coroner was paid £1 5s 0d for the inquest. In the quarter to 30 June 1770, 21 discharged soldiers awaiting passage drew 6d a day for 243 days between them. [Film No. 237–238, 242, 244–245, 267–268, 287, 343–347, 352, 354]
Sergeant Adam Watson of the artillery was found dead on 2 July 1770 in the Water Run, apparently fallen over its wall in the dark, and was buried that day. Sergeant Nicholas Heeton of the artillery was discharged on 9 July 1770 and Private Robert Allum, the Company’s groom, on 23 July 1770. Between 1 a.m. and daybreak on 28 July 1770 seven men deserted in a Company longboat. From the artillery went Thomas Tyler, newly made sergeant (corporal in the minutes), Gunner George Washington and the matrosses Patrick Mahony and John Criswell, coxswain of the longboats, who had taken a £10 0s 0d re-enlistment bounty on 26 July 1770. With them went Privates John Hammond, William Conquest and William Richardson. They took a privately owned male slave, seven muskets, bayonets, a sword, a silver watch with 20s, clothes, 55 pieces of salt meat, water, a pocket compass and a quadrant, and broke open Corporal Witherall’s chest. They cut the rigging of the other longboat and were last seen 3 leagues off; the Council concluded they were making for Brazil. Each was paid to 28 July 1770 and entered as a deserter. On 6 August 1770 the Council bought a longboat with mast, sails and oars from Captain Mitchell of the Fox for £30 0s 0d, and on 20 August 1770 it appointed James Miller coxswain at £30 0s 0d a year. [Film No. 287, 289, 368, 373–374, 378, 380–381, 386, 448–452, 458–459, 464]
The artillery’s losses brought promotions through every rank in the quarter to 30 September 1770. James Parfett, Tyler and Thomas Jones rose to sergeant, four bombardiers to corporal, four gunners to bombardier and five matrosses to gunner, while Charles Abraham was promoted and reduced within the quarter. John Eustone, John Miller and George Sheets came from the infantry as matrosses on 6 August 1770, and John Lawson enlisted that day for £6 0s 0d; Thomas Withers and John Mann had enlisted on 9 July 1770. William Crabb, a bombardier, became groom. In the Fourth Company Thomas Kyloch became sergeant and William Sharp corporal on 7 July 1770, and on 11 September 1770 Corporal Francis Flynn was reduced and George Smith came from the Third Company in his place, Sharp and Smith being entered among the privates with split pay. The invalids Thomas Matthews, Abraham Harding, Richard Wallace and Josiah Johnson were discharged in early August 1770, Captain Mitchell being paid £20 0s 0d on 9 August 1770 for their passage. Privates Henry Pinchen died on 29 July 1770, Robert Bond on 1 August 1770 and James Culcher on 13 September 1770, and John Price was paid as sexton for four soldiers’ graves. John Slade, Thomas Hunt (31 July 1770, £6 0s 0d) and William Dowsing (£6 0s 0d, paid from 2 August 1770, bounty dated 8 August 1770) enlisted singly. Thomas Pendry or Penrea, an Englishman, swam ashore from the Dutch Westfriesland on 7 September 1770, placed himself under the Council’s protection and was enlisted that day for £4 0s 0d. Emanuel Bonner re-enlisted on 3 August 1770 for £10 0s 0d. On 2 October 1770 the boy William Gipson enlisted as a fifer for £2 0s 0d. [Film No. 369, 375, 378, 380–381, 383, 393, 396, 404, 448–460, 462, 464]
The garrison account for the quarter to 31 December 1769 closed at £82 1s 3d. Its largest item was 279 pieces of pork for an invalid and to make good short weight in the soldiers’ salt meat, against 237 pieces in the quarter before. The guards and barracks burned 142 gallons of train oil, against about 60 gallons of oil, from nearly 500 gallons of train oil in store at 30 September 1769. The outlying guards drew 73 pounds of bohea tea against 47 pounds, 19 gallons of arrack went in drams at muster, deals, canvas and nails made cots and coffins and 24 lines were issued for whips. In the quarter to 31 March 1770 the account closed at £124 9s 3d, with 243 pieces of pork at £32 8s 0d; recruits received eight soldiers’ suits, two drummers’ suits, shoes, stockings, hair stocks and fine blankets free. The guards burned 113 gallons of train oil and drew 72 pounds of tea, an hourglass and a watch coat for the main guard, 98 deals and baulks with four pieces of canvas went into cots, bedsteads and coffins and 12 lines were issued for whips. [Film No. 34–35, 174–175]
The garrison account for the quarter to 30 June 1770 came to £1,568 2s 7d through the annual clothing issue. Suits cost £845 4s 8d, among them 331 soldiers’, 64 matrosses’ and 19 sergeants’. The issue also included 439 shirts and hats, 462 pairs each of shoes and stockings, 30 gold-laced officers’ hats, 290 hair stocks, 300 cockades and 101 blankets, with 89 yards of scarlet and 26 yards of blue broadcloth and 75 dozen gilt buttons for officers’ regimentals. The guards burned 99½ gallons of train oil and drew 72½ pounds of tea, 204 pieces of pork made good short weight, about 100 deals made guard beds and coffins and 24 lines were issued for whips. Linseed oil and paint marked blankets with the Company’s sign. In the quarter to 30 September 1770 the account closed at £165 1s 2d, with 204 new blankets marked in oil paint and, for the outguards and barracks, 11 watch coats, 26 hatchets, 32 frying pans, five iron pots, 57 bowls, 60 platters and 24 lamps. Single recruits received old coats and breeches, 158 pieces of pork made good short weight and six lines were issued for whips. Soldiers running express from the lookouts were paid £5 0s 0d in the quarter to 31 March 1770 and £5 15s 0d for 23 expresses in the quarter to 30 June 1770, and expresses were paid for six alarms in the quarter to 30 September 1770. [Film No. 216, 315–318, 356, 422–423, 464]
At Munden’s Point a falling ledge of rock killed Daniel Armin, who had taken a £10 0s 0d bounty six months before, on 5 October 1769. On 13 October 1769 the Council abandoned the magazine excavated in the rock for one wholly of masonry on the battery. In the quarter to 31 December 1769 stores there cost £32 13s 3d, including 575 pounds of cordage against 4 pounds in the quarter before, 231 pounds of iron and 30 pounds of steel for drills and wedges, 60 deals and flooring and glazier’s brads; labourers worked 3,093½ days and stone blowers 193¾. Work on the east bastion in James’s Valley, ordered in October 1769 after Thomas Bazett reported its old wall pulled down, took masons’ tools, crowbars, brimstone and rosin for setting iron cramps, 2,601¾ days of labour and 244½ of stonecutting. Lime burners worked 45 days at both works, and Lemon Valley took 192 days of labour. The Mount, the signal post above James Town, received timber for rails and blue bunting. Carpenters and smiths set up gun carriages, completing the remounting of guns brought down from Longwood and Plantation House, and made rails for the rampart and the Mount. Robert Cunningham was paid £2 10s 0d on 4 December 1769 for three flags for Banks’s Battery, Rupert’s and Lemon Valley. Labourers mended the Ladder Hill path, and the planter John Bagley supplied island rafters at 1s each and laths to repair the Blockhouse. The paymaster’s non-wage payments totalled £555 12s 3d. [Film No. 44, 46–47, 63, 71–72, 76, 78]
Lemon Valley received red and white bunting for a flag and paint for its gun carriages and new platforms in the quarter to 31 December 1769. At Sandy Bay 239 pounds of cordage raised sheer legs to lift guns, as at Banks’s in the quarter to 30 June 1769, and the quarry received mauls and tools. The artillery laboratory was glazed with 17 panes. The general fortifications account fell to £20 14s 1d from £117 11s 9d and £122 3s 8d in the quarters to 30 June and 30 September 1769, almost wholly because coal for burning lime, £67 18s 6d in the September quarter, was no longer bought. Only 16 chaldrons remained on 30 September 1769, and ships had been refused more than one chaldron each. [Film No. 45, 47–48]
On 12 February 1770 Bazett reported Munden’s Point finished as far as the stone allowed for laying platforms. He had moved to the demi-bastion in James’s Valley, whose stone was cut at the Sandy Bay quarry and brought round by boat. The Council ordered every workman onto the demi-bastion and, if it was finished before the store ship arrived, onto walling the east and west sides of Lemon Valley. That order reopened the work of the late engineer Captain Mitchell. Skottowe and Purling had viewed it with him and found that an enemy could go round the hill on either side into the battery. Mitchell had agreed that joining walls would help but deferred them until the leeward valleys were walled. The Council admitted that its general letter of 13 March 1769 had called the fortification finished without mentioning the walls. Corneille added that it had been planned while he was in England and that he had found it very defective on his return. The flanking banks rose above the work, an easy slope led up from the beach by the old watering place on the west and loose stony ground on the east would fall without a revetment. He proposed a wall from each flank to the rock and scarping of the western bank, referring the Court to the plan in London. [Film No. 85–87]
In the quarter to 31 March 1770 Munden’s Point took £18 19s 1d in stores: 48 double deals, bricklayers’ trowels, cross garnet hinges, four locks, flooring and glazing brads, plaster, paint and two pieces of blue and white bunting. The general fortifications account closed at £18 16s 1d, with 393 pounds of iron, saws for the quarry, 39 skeins of twine to mend lime bags, about 157 pounds of pigment and 11 gallons of linseed oil for gun carriages and five pieces of red, white and blue bunting with osnaburg and thread for flags. James’s Valley took £14 13s 7d, including 435 pounds of cordage, boasters, beech mallets and 18 labourers’ baskets, and Lemon Valley shovels, pickaxes, wheelbarrows and six oars. The February stores account entered 13 carriages for 32-pounders, six for 9-pounders, 2,897 sandbags and 7,620 trunk nails as used. The paymaster charged the demi-bastion £199 0s 0d, including 2,018 labourer-days and 268½ days of stonecutting, Munden’s Battery £111 9s 6d, including 1,841¼ labourer-days, Lemon Valley £14 8s 3d and a lime house £6 17s 0d. Labourers earned 1s to 1s 4¾d a day, and smiths, carpenters and painters spent 93½ days setting up gun carriages. In March 1770, 100 pounds of powder went on blasting at the quarry. [Film No. 111, 145, 181–185, 212, 214, 216]
On 2 April 1770 Bazett reported Munden’s Point finished as far as he could take it and the demi-bastion lacking only its gun platforms, both stalled for want of platform stone. His men had also prepared materials at Lemon Valley, repaired Company buildings, quarried stone for the interior line and west bastion and built a lime house. The Council ordered him to press on with Lemon Valley and finish the rest when the store ship came. On 18 May 1770 Tippet, captain of artillery, reported 38 iron guns unfit for service: 25 9-pounders, 11 6-pounders and two 3-pounders. Captain Nathaniel Paul of the Harcourt offered that day to carry home unserviceable guns freight free as ballast. On 11 June 1770 the Council asked Governor Thomas Hodges of Bombay for 34 carriages, among them 14 for the 32-pounders on the Line across the mouth of James’s Valley, called field carriages in the indent. [Film No. 134, 238, 246, 269, 272–273]
In the quarter to 30 June 1770 Munden’s Point took £32 10s 4d in stores, including 1,197 pounds of cordage, masons’ finishing tools, hinges, 72 panes and paint, while general fortifications fell to £4 12s 0d, Lemon Valley, which drew iron and steel for re-edging tools, to £5 19s 1d and James’s Valley to £2 10s 0d. Stonecutters worked 234½ days and stone blowers 97 days at 1s 6d on the demi-bastion. The paymaster’s account to 30 June 1770 charged Lemon Valley £145 4s 1½d, with 2,483½ labourer-days and almost 142 days of blasting, James’s Valley £101 10s 1½d and Munden’s Battery £32 2s 7½d. Coxswains appear on the Lemon Valley and Munden’s accounts, and the barracks first appear with 141¼ labourer-days of clearing. On 25 June 1770 the Council recorded Lemon Valley and the east bastion complete apart from clearing the Lemon Valley watercourse and laying the bastion’s platforms, and expected Munden’s Point to be finished in the next quarter. Altering the west bastion and walling the gullies would complete the leeward defences. On 2 July 1770 Tippet reported his men at work on embrasure stones at Lemon Valley, Munden’s Point and the quarry, and was told to finish Munden’s Point and level ground for barracks. [Film No. 286–288, 325–328, 356, 358]
On 25 June 1770 the Council postponed the remaining defences to enlarge the barracks. These held only 200 men and could not have housed two-thirds of the garrison without the men on the works sleeping out, and the May recruits had landed with more expected. Tippet was ordered to add a second square holding 500 men in all, with quarters for eight officers, on Mr Hutchinson’s old plan, whose carpentry had lain in store for years. On 2 July 1770 the Council resolved unanimously to build at once. On 16 July 1770 Corneille dissented from the site: the range nearest the watercourse needed foundation walls raised more than 16 feet out of a hollow and costly filling. He proposed taking in part of the Maldivia walk against the hill and bringing the range forward 30 feet, saving £300 to £400. The Council viewed the ground that afternoon and asked Tippet’s opinion. Tippet’s letter of 17 July 1770 estimated that Corneille’s plan would save about £300 and building 24 feet inside the first line about £200, sparing the trees. On 23 July 1770 the Governor wished to set the wall back 18 or 20 feet and keep the walk as an ornament and perhaps good for the health of inhabitants and passengers. Purling, who had seen the problem on 11 July 1770, would take in as little of the hollow as possible and give up the walk, made by the Company over 30 years before, only as a last resort, a parade as wide as Governor Hutchinson’s being sufficient. Purling and the Governor carried the 24-foot line; Corneille held that a parade 88 feet by 250 feet would be wholly insufficient even for the garrison at its lowest. [Film No. 286, 364–368]
In the quarter to 30 September 1770 Munden’s Battery took £24 11s 3d in stores, including Riga timber, oak plank, plate iron, dragon’s blood for staining wood and two topmasts, and £95 1s 0d in labour, including 1,402 labourer-days. The demi-bastion cost £52 0s 6d in labour and Lemon Valley £12 2s 6d. The barracks had their own account for the first time, £9 3s 8d in stores and £171 16s 9d in labour, including 2,806¾ labourer-days and 237½ days of stone blowing to cut down the ground. The new slaughterhouse took 14 pickaxes, seven shovels, 120 single deals, Riga timber and oak plank, and £75 10s 0d in labour, including 1,223½ labourer-days. The fortifications account rose to £131 2s 10d with £112 13s 4d of coal for lime, and the Sandy Bay quarry had its own saws. Tippet reported Lemon Valley and Munden’s Point finished, a slaughterhouse built, the Line repaired and embrasure stones prepared, in a letter dated 7 October 1770 but minuted on 1 October 1770, when the Council ordered him to press on with the barracks. [Film No. 400, 418–421, 429–431, 464, 466]
The plantation account for the quarter to 31 December 1769 closed at £31 16s 5d. It fed 4,928 pounds of paddy and 640 pounds of rice to the overseers, poultry and horses. Haymakers received scythe stones, ragstones, sugar and 3½ gallons of arrack, and the dairy 12 milk pans and two skimming dishes, with ox yokes, ox bows and cordage for the oxen. The Plantation House garden received rakes, wheelbarrows and some of nine rat traps issued, and a padlock secured Horse Point. Officials bought a plough with fittings for £4 0s 5d, four scythes, 22 scythe stones and 10 pairs of sheep shears to the planters’ three. The Company paid £10 0s 0d for 8 bushels of garden seeds on 13 October 1769, and the constable £1 5s 0½d for rats and mice destroyed. The Company’s flock had fallen from 690 head in July 1769 to 635 at the end of September 1769. [Film No. 12–13, 24, 40–41, 74, 76, 78, 93]
On 22 January 1770 the Council gave Henry Bazett leave to pass his ground-rent plot in James’s Valley to Julio Fabriano. John Worrall objected to John Desfountain junior’s application for waste land beside his house, sown with grass at public expense, asking that it stay common for grazing or that he receive the part next to his own. The executors of the Harper orphans had made the same objection to Margaret Alcock in October 1769, and in both cases the Council ordered the ground viewed. Wrangham had paid £4 12s 6d on 4 December 1769 to renew one life in two leases. [Film No. 79, 81–82]
Commanders sold Cape stock to the Company. Captain Andrew Ross of the Ankerwyke brought 50 Cape sheep, certified on 14 February 1770 at 15s each, £37 10s 0d. Captain William Tryon of the Deptford, in an account dated at the Cape on 1 March 1770, charged 12 cattle at 12 rixdollars and 55 sheep at 2 rixdollars, with hay and barley. On 20 March 1770 Captain Scott of the Speaker sold seven ewes at 14s and 12 pounds of garden seed at 5s a pound, and on 2 April 1770 Captain Smalwood of the Granby six bullocks at £4 0s 0d and 25 sheep at 13s. [Film No. 93, 117–120, 135]
From 1 January 1770 to 31 March 1770 cattle fell from 450 to 445 and goats from 292 to 258, while sheep rose from 628 to 639. The Company killed 16 steers, 90 sheep and 27 goats, against five cattle killed in the quarter to 30 September 1769, and 18 cattle, 31 sheep and 20 goats died. Imports were entered as 17 cattle and 132 sheep, against 18 and 137 in the commanders’ accounts. The plantation account for the quarter came to £18 13s 0d. The Company’s farms had an overseer, a steward, stables, carts, a dairy, poultry yards and gardens, including the Fort garden below the Castle. Horses and poultry ate 5,519 pounds of paddy, 77 pounds of cordage tied arbours, nails and iron dogs repaired the pasture gates and the butchers received six knives. Servants bought scythe stones and a sickle, and the constable was paid 15s for rats and mice. [Film No. 144, 159, 178–179, 212]
From 1 April to 30 June 1770 cattle fell from 445 to 362: 30 were killed, 22 of them steers, and 74 died, including 28 calves and 29 yearlings. Sheep fell from 639 to 596 despite 101 lambs, with 87 killed and 47 dead, and wethers halved from 194 to 97; Bourchier received 10 wethers. Goats fell from 258 to 229 and hogs from 21 to 16. Corneille signed the account as manager of the Company’s farms. The plantation account rose to £28 18s 3d. Horses and poultry ate 6,416 pounds of paddy and 672 pounds of rice. The plantations and gardens took 12 mousetraps and eight spring rat traps, and the constable was paid £1 0s 5½d on 5 June 1770 for rats and mice. Ox yokes, ox bows, girths and bridles cost £3 11s 0d. Nails went to the Fort garden and Longwood, a key to the Maldivia garden and verdigris to paint the garden chairs. Thomas Jordan was paid for 17 days’ mowing at Longwood and Private Augustine Hitchcock for six weeks in the Company’s garden at 6s a week. Thomas Harper received leave on 25 June 1770 to sell his house, and Captain Richard Beale’s expired lease of a James’s Valley plot, 82 feet by 14 feet at 5s a year, was renewed on 9 July 1770. [Film No. 284, 289–290, 321–322, 350, 352, 354, 396]
From 1 July to 30 September 1770 cattle rose from 362 to 370, with six killed, 17 dead and 31 calves born. Sheep fell from 596 to 521, with 82 killed, and goats from 229 to 158, with 57 killed and 38 dead, goat wethers falling from 41 to five. The plantation account came to £29 7s 3d. Horses and poultry ate 45 cwt 3 qr of paddy, bush cutters received scythe stones and a rubstone, and a case of fleams was bought for bleeding cattle. Oak plank and 66 pounds of iron went to the pasture gates and elm plank to the carts. Jordan was paid for 61 days’ mowing at Longwood at 1s a day. [Film No. 405, 426–427, 462]
The Council guarded the Company’s waste land. On 30 July 1770 it refused the trustees of Martha Jacks a lease of a strip 6½ feet wide beside her house, allowing the passage on sufferance only. It had the ground sought by Samuel Knipe in the East Division on 13 August 1770 and by Roderick Merchant on 17 September 1770 inspected before setting rent. On 17 September 1770 it refused Lieutenant John Shelley a house plot between the new burial ground and the hospital, as the ground might be useful to the Company. On 27 August 1770 it renewed leases of 9 acres to John Alexander and 8 acres to Benjamin Mason in the West Division at 5s an acre, 17½ acres in Pine Top Valley to Matthew Bazett and 12 and 2 acres in the East Division to Thomas Burnham, executor of William Burnham. On 17 September 1770 the chaplain received 6 acres in the West Division, paying 3s 9d for half a month’s rent. [Film No. 363, 373, 382, 385–386, 389, 395–396, 398]
The rent roll entered on 1 October 1770 recorded 2,205½ acres of freehold and 2,261¾ of leasehold and rents of £620 7s 3½d, of which the minutes enter £267 3s 0d as paid that day. Freehold owed quit-rent, leasehold a rent per acre and town plots ground rent. Richard Bagley paid £53 4s 2d, Purling £36 6s 8d on 205 acres of freehold and 108½ of leasehold, James Grantree £35 18s 6d and Wrangham £30 12s 0d, and the arrack society 3s 2d ground rent for 9½ months at 4s a year. The roll charged Mason and Bazett 1s 6d an acre on their renewed parcels. [Film No. 400–403]
On 22 October 1770 the Council gave Elizabeth Desfountain leave to sell 25½ acres of freehold at auction, John Bazett signing her petition. On 29 October 1770 Robert Leech and Ann McKown renewed a lease of a plot 26 feet square in James’s Valley at 2s 6d a year. On 5 November 1770 John Seale asked for 2 acres of waste between his new Sandy Bay plantation and Richard Bagley’s to fence out trespassing animals, and the Council ordered the ground inspected. [Film No. 471, 473–474]
On 13 October 1769 Corneille told the Council that the planters’ price for fresh beef lay beyond any private soldier, and proposed a monthly issue from the Company’s herd to the garrison, which the Council resolved to give from 1770. The surgeon Robert Barclay drew £22 5s 0d and his mate John Pritchard £18 15s 0d in the quarter to 31 December 1769, and Barclay was paid £8 0s 0d for fresh provisions for the sick and £13 11s 5d for hospital necessaries. The hospital drew 418 pounds each of sugar, flour and rice in that quarter, against 291 pounds in the quarter before, and the doctor’s shop shared 105 gallons of arrack with the men in the stores. In the quarter to 31 March 1770 it drew 359 pounds of each, with 35 pounds of tea and 8¾ gallons of train oil and no salt meat, for £12 10s 3d. In the quarter to 30 June 1770 it drew 315 pounds of each, with 12 blankets, 12 of flannel and canvas for cots, for £19 11s 10d, and in the quarter to 30 September 1770 245 pounds of each, with four pewter close-stool pans, 24 sneakers and 24 yards of canvas, for £14 17s 4d. William Jenkins, a matross, baked 117 batches of garrison bread for £9 15s 0d in the quarter to 31 December 1769, 39 batches for £9 15s 0d in the quarter to 31 March 1770, 131 for £10 18s 4d in the quarter to 30 June 1770 and 143 for £11 18s 4d in the quarter to 30 September 1770. [Film No. 27, 42, 50, 72, 74, 78, 179, 210, 322–323, 350, 356, 427–428, 459, 462]
The Ankerwyke arrived from Bengal on 11 February 1770 and the Hampshire on 15 February 1770, each with 60 bags of rice, 15 of paddy, 10 of sugar, four chests of wax candles and two leaguers of Batavia arrack, invoiced at Calcutta by L. Darell junior, as the Shrewsbury and Thames had brought in 1769. Powell found the Ankerwyke’s rice 6 cwt 2 qr 21 lb short and her arrack 18 gallons short of 300, and the Hampshire’s rice 2 cwt and her arrack 13½ gallons short. He recorded the packages as sound, so the loss fell on the Company as wastage. The Plassey arrived from China on 18 February 1770 and the Glatton on 20 February 1770, each with six boxes of blue and white porcelain and 10 chests of Chinchew sugar candy. The invoices, signed by the 12 supercargoes at Canton on 29 November 1769, matched to the candareen, with the candy chests numbered 1 to 10 and 11 to 20. An octagonal dinner service of 35 pieces cost 3 taels 9 mace, about £1 6s 0d at 6s 8d a tael, and the candy 7 taels 8 mace a picul of 133⅓ pounds, about 4¾d a pound. Each consignment included 150 pint sneakers, though the warehouse had held more than 400 octagonal soup plates in September 1769. Powell found 72 pieces broken from the Plassey on 21 February 1770 and 49 from the Glatton on 23 February 1770, mostly plates from tall stacks, against a breakage deduction of 2 per cent, about 1 tael 9 mace an invoice. The Plassey’s invoice first carried the allowance forward as an addition, but its total shows it deducted. [Film No. 84, 90, 92, 94–96, 98–99, 105, 107]
The Speaker and Deptford each brought from Bombay in March 1770 45 bags of fine beaten rice and 32 bags of batty invoiced at 508 rupees 0 quarters 10 reas, matching the Grenville and Essex consignments of August 1769 to the rea. Powell found the Deptford’s rice 3 cwt 3 qr 22 lb short on 22 March 1770. Between 29 March and 10 April 1770 the Nottingham and Pigot landed 39 chests of second-sort Chinchew candy at 7 taels 8 mace a picul, and the Speke, Triton and Earl of Lincoln 60 chests of plain sugar at 4 taels 5 mace. The Earl of Lincoln added four chests of superfine candy at 9 taels 5 mace, invoiced at Canton on 7 January 1770. The chests ran in numbered series across the ships, and the Earl of Ashburnham landed sugar chests 61 to 84 on 14 May 1770 at the same price. The Hector and Earl of Lincoln each brought about 1,500 pounds of bohea, congou and singlo tea. On 9 April 1770 Powell warned that the store ship was due and the warehouse lacked room, and the Council ordered the gap between two storerooms in the square roofed over. [Film No. 113, 119, 121, 125–128, 141, 147, 150–151, 156, 242]
The Council bought salt meat from commanders at 2s a piece: 124 pieces from Captain Smalwood of the Granby on 2 April 1770 (4 April 1770 by the paymaster), 2,349 from Captains Stoakes, Jackson and White on 6 April 1770, including 546 from the Nottingham, and 718 from Captain Hardwicke on 14 April 1770, including 424 pieces of beef taken on 11 April 1770. Only Stoakes was paid in cash, the rest receiving certificates payable by the Company in London. Captain Peter Hardwicke of the Earl of Lincoln claimed on 10 April 1770 the full allowance of fresh beef fixed by his charter party, having received a third on his two previous voyages and been offered a small quantity at a higher price this time. The Council replied on 11 April 1770 that it shared beef among all ships as its herds allowed and that his sailing orders told him to provision at the Cape, which he had done. [Film No. 135, 140, 153–154, 318, 350]
Three Bengal ships, the Royal Charlotte, Lioness and Duke of Grafton, brought identical consignments in April and May 1770: 120 maunds of rice, 22½ of paddy, 20 of sugar, eight of candles and two leaguers of Batavia arrack. Rice cost 3 rupees a maund in the Royal Charlotte, 4 rupees 6 annas in the Lioness and about 4 rupees 5 annas in the Duke of Grafton, while other items held their price, in the year of the great Bengal famine. The Royal Charlotte’s rice total of 388 rupees 12 annas 9 pice does not match its rate and repeats the arrack figure. Sloop hire down the Hooghly cost up to 135 rupees a cargo. Powell found the Royal Charlotte’s rice more than 87 cwt short on 5 May 1770, partly in bags never delivered, without any demand on her commander John Clements, and the Lioness’s 3 cwt 1 qr 6 lb short on 14 May 1770. Each arrack leaguer arrived 7 to 9 gallons short. The Duke of Grafton brought six pipes of Madeira on 21 May 1770 at 348 rupees a pipe, 2,088 rupees, more than the rest of her cargo. On 2 June 1770 her rice and paddy were each five bags short and her arrack 22 gallons, five pipes arrived 19½ gallons short and the sixth never came ashore. The Britannia landed rice, paddy, sugar, candles and arrack on 28 May 1770 without an invoice. [Film No. 230–231, 233, 239, 248, 258, 261, 264]
On 22 May 1770 the Council told Fort William to send only the three pipes of Madeira a year the Court allowed. Recent candles having been poor, it asked for eight maunds of the best wax candles by each ship, with arrack, rice and paddy instead of sugar, Bengal sugar costing more than Chinese. It asked Fort St George for 120 pieces of long cloth in five grades from 10 to 2½ pagodas a piece, Bombay for 100 pieces of Surat chelloes and Canton for 18 piculs of bohea, up from 12, and two chests of the finest hyson in 2-pound canisters. [Film No. 249–252]
On 11 June 1770 Powell listed the damage in the British King and Harcourt’s English cargoes, charging short delivery of casks, timber, iron and coal to the ship, breakage inside sound packages to the London packers and rot and wastage to the Company. The Harcourt lacked 39 single deals, nine double deals and six wainscot boards, 103 panes arrived broken, 63 of them of the 11 by 17 inch size, and a sound package lacked 12 dozen ivory combs. The British King’s losses included hops, 12 slaves’ frocks rotten and 34 Dutch galley tiles and 11 milk pans broken. On 18 June 1770 the stores held no coarse long cloth for the Company’s women slaves, and the Council bought 20 pieces of Anjengo long cloth at 30s a piece from Purling, as Wrangham’s account shows, against about 20s for the coarsest Madras cloth. Servants had bought 102 yards of osnaburg and 17 pieces of chelloe in the quarter to 30 June 1770 against 37 yards and none in the quarter before. [Film No. 274–275, 280, 294, 319, 356]
Between April and June 1770 the Company’s ships drew over 20 cwt of rice, 14 cwt of paddy, 8 bushels of pease and galley coal, with eight barrels each of pitch and tar and 484 pounds of rosin. The Anson landed the standard Bengal consignment on 29 July 1770, invoiced at 1,894 rupees 8 annas 9 pice and signed by the Bengal sub-accountant although she came from Madras. Rice at 11 seers a rupee came to about 3 rupees 10 annas a maund, and Powell found it 7 cwt 3 qr 22 lb short and the arrack 17 gallons short. Her Madras invoice, signed by George Stratton, sent long cloth worth 591 pagodas 22 fanams 10 cash, 50 pieces of superfine at 132 pagodas a corge of 20, 30 fine and 30 middling, with stockings and none of the coarse grades. The Fox brought from Bombay 45 bags of beaten rice, 16 of batty and eight bales of Surat chelloes, invoiced at 1,295 rupees 1 quarter 15 reas. On 6 August 1770 the Council bought 1,215 pieces of salt meat from Captain Mitchell for £121 10s 0d, paid on 8 August 1770. The paymaster’s account to 30 June 1770 charged labour for the new cellar, cots for the recruits and 11½ days spinning cables. [Film No. 306–307, 360, 369–371, 376, 378, 381, 462]
The Company’s ships bought £48 8s 11d of stores in the quarter to 31 December 1769, against £213 15s 2d and £228 15s 7d in the quarters to 30 September and 30 June 1769: pitch, tar, twine, paint, eight log lines, a hogshead of pork and 1,076 pounds of flour. The longboats under John Criswell cost £38 7s 8d, against £94 15s 6d in the quarter to 30 June 1769, with 439 pounds of cordage against 3,764 pounds, canvas, elm boards for planking below the waterline, Venetian red, leather for the oars and 10½ gallons of arrack for the men launching and hauling them. Carpenters spent 77 days repairing the old longboat. Soldiers were paid £1 7s 0d for 27 days moving goods from the Thames and Talbot. [Film No. 25–26, 42–43, 78]
Each Company ship sent a boat ahead to Banks’s on the windward coast. The Ponsborne, from China by the Cape, sent hers at 8.30 a.m. on 12 January 1770; she arrived on 13 January 1770 by the artillery’s salute (12 January 1770 by another reckoning) and sailed on 27 January 1770 by the minutes and 28 January 1770 by the artillery. The Ankerwyke, from Bengal by the Cape, arrived on 11 February 1770 and sailed on 17 February 1770. The Hampshire, Plassey, Cruttenden (entered Cullenden in the minutes) and Glatton followed between 15 and 20 February 1770, and the first three sailed together on 23 February 1770. A Dutch ship passed on 11 February 1770. The Glatton’s commander signed R. Doveton, though her roll’s heading names him Dowton. On 21 February 1770 the Council bought a longboat with mast, oars and fittings from Captain John Waddell of the Plassey for £25 0s 0d. [Film No. 8, 51, 79–80, 83–84, 88, 90, 94, 98, 102, 106–107]
The muster rolls of January and February 1770 list the seamen Schroeder, Ullbrick, Hendrick and Conrad in the Ankerwyke, Holmstrom, Ahlstrom, John Pedro and Paslin Cano in the Plassey and Lindstrom and Hans Holm in the Cruttenden. The Plassey carried seven mates and the Cruttenden seven midshipmen. The Glatton’s purser Thomas Wozencraft sailed with a midshipman J. Wozencraft, and James Hepburn senior and junior served before the mast in the Ankerwyke. Passengers included General Richard Smith, late commander of the Company’s army in Bengal, in the Hampshire, Major Douglas Hill in the Ankerwyke and Miss Jane Samways, travelling alone from China in the Ponsborne. [Film No. 80–81, 91–92, 100–104]
The Speaker’s boat landed at Banks’s at 3.30 a.m. on 17 March 1770 and the Pigot’s at midnight on 29 March 1770. The Speaker and Deptford arrived from Bombay on 17 and 18 March 1770, seven China ships between 29 March and 5 April 1770 and the Earl of Lincoln on 10 April 1770, all the others having sailed by 9 April 1770. The minutes report the Hector and Ravensworth arriving on 31 March 1770, but the artillery return names the Hector and Havannah, and no Ravensworth was mustered. The Nottingham’s commander appears as Peter Hoaker and signed as Peter Stoakes, and the Granby’s as Thomas Sandwood and signed as T. Smalwood. The Swedish Adolph Frederick, of 1,300 tons, 26 guns and 140 men, called from China between 13 and 16 March 1770, and the Swedish Rickenshender, of about 1,300 tons, 32 guns and 140 men, between 2 and 6 April 1770. The French Duc de Praslin, from Bengal for Port L’Orient with 20 guns and 164 men, and the Danish Queen Sophia Magdalena, from China for Copenhagen with 26 guns and 160 men, arrived on 28 March 1770. Four Dutch ships passed on 19 March 1770. [Film No. 112, 115, 120, 122, 124–125, 129–131, 137, 141–142, 145, 150, 152]
The Deptford sailed on 22 March 1770 with Colonel Brewer, Mrs Clough, a Mr Stephenson with a child named Edward and George and Mary Gouldsbury. The Granby took a French passenger, Mr Yard, on 4 April 1770. Two Canton supercargoes went home in the fleet whose cargoes they had invoiced, William Rous in the Havannah on 8 April 1770 and Henry Revell in the Earl of Lincoln. The Honourable John Cochrane, a Scottish peer’s son, was fifth mate of the Triton under William Elphinstone, Charles Richardson fourth mate of the Pigot under George Richardson, and the Granby’s boatswain Robert Moodie had his son entered as yeoman. The Deptford’s captain kept his own tailor and clothier, and the Granby’s had five servants on the books. [Film No. 117–118, 130–132, 139, 141–142, 153]
Between 27 April and 22 May 1770 the Royal Charlotte, Lioness and Duke of Grafton came from Bengal, the Osterley, Earl of Ashburnham, Neptune and Norfolk from China, the Duke of Albany from Bencoolen and the Britannia from Madras by Mauritius. The Spanish frigate Venus, from Manila for Spain under Captain Manuel Gonzales de Guzmal with 28 guns and 270 men, arrived on 20 May 1770. The Spanish frigate Santa Rosa, under Don John Isoa with 20 guns and 180 men, and the Dutch Maria Jacoba, of 800 tons, 20 guns and 100 men, from Batavia with spices, arrived on 22 May 1770. The Earl of Ashburnham carried home Hillary Torriano, a Canton supercargo. The Osterley’s crew included Domingo Gonsalves, Antonio Fernando and John De Silva, and the Neptune’s Claus and Henrick Johnson. [Film No. 225, 230–235, 241–242, 247, 253–257]
The Earl of Ashburnham and Osterley sailed on 25 May 1770. The Devonshire arrived from China on 29 May 1770 and sailed on 17 June 1770. The Venus and Santa Rosa left on 31 May 1770, the Britannia and Norfolk on 1 June 1770, the Duke of Grafton and Neptune on 4 June 1770 and the Duke of Albany on 13 June 1770. The British King and Harcourt carried the Council’s letter to Bombay by way of Bencoolen. A Dutch ship lay in the road from 22 May to 2 June 1770. The Danish Countess of Moltke, Captain Nyrup, of 700 tons, 22 guns and 60 men, came on 3 June 1770 from Tranquebar with Bengal goods for Copenhagen and sailed on 12 June 1770. The Britannia’s passengers, listed on 28 May 1770, were Bourchier, Governor of Fort St George until early 1770, to whose successor Josias Du Pré the Council had written on 22 May 1770, John Call, late chief engineer at Madras, two colonels and 33 invalid soldiers. The Duke of Grafton carried 14 midshipmen, including two Fenwicks and two Sweets, and the Devonshire’s commander Matthew Hore had a Thomas Hore among his servants. Crews included Francisco Broa, John De Rozario, Antonio Geredet and Juan Ignatie, and the Norfolk’s commander was entered as James Baggin and signed as James Buggin. [Film No. 258–263, 266, 269, 272, 277–278, 280, 291]
The Company’s ships took £67 3s 3d of stores in the quarter to 31 March 1770, including 647 pounds of cordage, 40 gallons of linseed oil, pitch, tar, 107 yards of Tecklenburg canvas, 18 log lines, three deep-sea lines, vermilion and Prussian blue. The landing boats under Criswell as coxswain cost £47 16s 0d, including 872 pounds of cordage at £13 12s 6d, elm boards, 77 pounds of brimstone melted with pitch, tar and rosin for their bottoms, three pieces of English canvas, leather for oars and 14 gallons of arrack. Soldiers earned £5 7s 3d carrying stores up from the crane from six ships. In the quarter to 30 June 1770 ships took £124 16s 7d, including a topmast 56 feet long and 15 inches across at £12 0s 6d, wainscot boards, escutcheon pins and glass. Soldiers carried up goods from the Hector, Triton, Pigot, Speke, Nottingham, Royal Charlotte and Lioness, and unloading the two recruit ships cost £47 10s 0d. The boats cost £90 18s 9d, including 2,183 pounds of cordage, six pieces of English canvas, 509 pounds of iron, 300 pounds of turpentine and two grapnels at £1 17s 8d, and longboat repairs took £11 7s 7½d of the paymaster’s account. The Company bought a yawl from the Speke on 2 April 1770 for £7 10s 0d, a boat from the Neptune on 2 June 1770 for £6 10s 0d, a large four-oared yawl and six longboat oars from Captain Stewart on 11 June 1770 for £18 0s 0d and a yawl from the Duke of Albany on 12 June 1770 for £9 0s 0d. [Film No. 166–167, 180–181, 188, 212, 273, 308, 323–325, 350, 352, 354, 360]
Few ships called between July and October 1770. The Anson came from Madras by Mauritius on 29 July 1770 with 43 invalid soldiers and passengers including Captain and Mrs Calvert, and sailed on 5 August 1770. The Fox came from Bombay on 2 August 1770 and sailed on 10 August 1770 (11 August 1770 by the artillery). Ships passed far out on 19 July, 30 July and 7 September 1770. The Dutch Westfriesland, of about 700 tons, 28 guns and 90 men, arrived from Batavia with sugar, coffee and pepper on 1 September 1770. Purling’s Battery fired a shot at her as she came in, and she was saluted with 15 guns on arrival and on departure on 13 September 1770. Company ships drew £12 18s 8d of stores in the quarter. The boats cost £67 16s 6d in stores, including 876 pounds of cordage, seven pieces of elm plank at £11 16s 10d, two grapnels, four pieces of canvas and new blocks, with 94¾ days of carpentry and 27½ of sailmaking. [Film No. 365, 369, 375, 377, 379, 382, 391, 393, 396, 406, 416–417, 428–429, 462, 466]
Economy, Finance and Accounting
The warehouse priced by buyer. Servants paid 10 per cent above cost and planters 25 per cent or 40 per cent; in the quarter to 31 December 1769 blankets, shalloon, baize and broadcloth appeared on both planters’ schedules, whereas in the quarter to 30 September 1769 cloth had gone at 25 per cent and food and hardware at 40 per cent. A planter paid nearly £2 more than an official for 12½ yards of dark brown broadcloth. In the quarter to 31 March 1770 planters paid 25 per cent, unnamed buyers 40 per cent and one barrel of tar went at 50 per cent, £1 13s 0d against £1 11s 0d at 40 per cent. A first-size glass lantern cost a servant 5s 7d and a 40 per cent buyer 7s 1¾d, and long cloth cost a planter £3 8s 11d against a servant’s £3 0s 9d. The 40 per cent buyers took flour, rice, candles, an iron pot, sail needles, an oar and cordage. Salt meat sold to servants at cost, 2s a piece. [Film No. 9–10, 19–21, 161, 163–167, 155–157]
Servants’ purchases totalled £1,774 10s 0d in the quarter to 31 December 1769, against £1,949 7s 9d in the quarter before, and the planters’ schedule just over £132. Servants bought 409 cwt 1 qr of flour as baked bread for £381 19s 4d, against 263 cwt, and 5,566 pieces of salt meat for £556 12s 0d, against 4,026. Tea sales fell below 300 pounds from over 1,000, with about 10 cwt in store on 30 September 1769. Servants also bought 385 pairs of men’s ordinary shoes, 147 soldiers’ shirts, 197 pairs of thread stockings, over 700 pounds of paint, including 29 pounds of blue at over 2s a pound, about 376 pounds of nails, 223 panes of window glass, deals, oak plank, hinges and rim locks. Damaged stock was auctioned for £4 16s 6d, 42 sailors’ jackets fetching £3 14s 6d against an inventory value of £12 6s 3d. [Film No. 9–17, 19, 24]
In the quarter to 31 March 1770 servants bought £1,418 10s 7d, against £55 7s 2d from buyers at the higher rates. Salt meat, 4,525 pieces, made £452 10s 0d, flour £340 16s 4d and sugar and candy £160 17s 3d. Rice sold at about 1d a pound, paddy about ½d and candles 2s 6d, and 73¼ gallons of train oil were sold. Servants bought 149 pounds of tea, bohea at about 9d a pound and congou and singlo at about 1s 4½d, against marginal rates of 1s 6d and 1s 8d on the Earl of Lincoln’s invoice. They bought 359 pairs of men’s shoes, 166 pairs of thread stockings, 132 soldiers’ shirts, 163 panes of 8 by 10 inch sash glass, about 400 pounds of nails, nearly 2,000 fish hooks, over 250 fishing lines and a teak topmast at £7 14s 0d, the dearest single article. [Film No. 150, 155–166]
In the quarter to 30 June 1770 servants bought £1,744 1s 0d and planters and 40 per cent buyers £149 1s 9d. Servants’ tea rose to 297 pounds of bohea, 217 of congou and 185 of singlo, from 97, 36 and 16 pounds. Baked flour rose from about 330 to 369 cwt, rice and paddy fell, candles rose from 250 to 340 pounds and train oil fell to under 48 gallons. All 179 gallons of mountain wine from the British King and Harcourt sold, with 297 gallons of Lisbon and 119½ of port, for £202 4s 5d, and salt meat sold 4,469 pieces. Buyers at 40 per cent took 685 pounds of cordage, pitch, tar, log lines, three minute glasses, vermilion and red lead. In the quarter to 30 September 1770 servants bought £1,714 13s 7d and planters and 40 per cent buyers £59 3s 9d, together equal to the £1,773 17s 4d Powell paid into the treasury. Servants bought 169 cwt of rice, against 95 cwt, 293 cwt of baked flour, 3,911 pieces of salt meat, 326 gallons of beer, 331 pairs of men’s shoes, 182 soldiers’ shirts, 178 pairs of stockings, 143 yards of gold lace for over £25 and 42 yards of blue duffle. The 40 per cent buyers took 144 pounds of congou and 465 pounds of cordage. [Film No. 293–306, 408–409, 412, 414–417, 469]
The treasury held £12,121 13s 10½d on 1 December 1769. December receipts were £1,906 18s 11d from Powell for stores sold, £60 16s 6d for plantation provisions, £12 10s 0d for public-house licences, small sums from the auction and lease fines and £1 1s 4½d customs on 85½ gallons of arrack, no India ship having called since October 1769. After the paymaster’s £4,019 7s 6½d the balance on 31 December 1769 was £10,093 2s 1½d: £539 15s 0d in cash notes, a figure unchanged throughout 1770, and £9,553 7s 1½d in coin, against £12,078 in August and £11,321 in September 1769. In January 1770 the treasury received only £40 16s 1d, paid by the Ponsborne on 26 January 1770, and coin stood at £9,594 3s 2½d. It held £10,133 18s 2½d on 1 February 1770 and £10,535 16s 10½d on 28 February 1770, of which £9,996 1s 10½d was coin, after five Indiamen paid £62 8s 8d and Captain Ross £339 10s 0d on 16 February 1770 for bills on the Court at 90 days’ sight. No payments were made in February. [Film No. 71, 79, 93, 97, 114]
The March 1770 count added £1,473 17s 9d from warehouse sales, £49 14s 1d from plantation produce, £12 10s 0d in licences and £76 2s 4½d duty on 6,089½ gallons of arrack at 3d a gallon. Wrangham drew £4,432 14s 6d on 31 March 1770, accounting for £3,405 13s 10d of pay and £1,027 0s 8d of other payments, and coin fell to £7,190 9s 4d. In April 1770 bills on the Court raised £2,758 11s 3d. On 2 April 1770 Purling remitted £1,226 5s 0d, £1,000 0s 0d to John Purling and £226 5s 0d to Captain Fasham Nairne, Corneille £599 10s 0d to John Lewin Smith and John Barnes, a private discharged on 26 March 1770, £20 0s 0d. Captain Jeffery Jackson paid £700 0s 0d in coin for bills to himself on 6 April 1770, and Corneille £212 16s 3d on 23 April 1770, payable to Alexander Tod. Nine ships paid £110 0s 11d, and coin reached £10,059 1s 6d on 30 April 1770. [Film No. 136, 140, 206–207, 209–223, 229, 243]
May 1770 opened at £10,598 0s 3d and recorded no payments. Six ships paid £7 5s 0d to £13 15s 3d each, Purling paid £307 17s 4d on 28 May 1770 for a bill to William Alexander, and coin stood at £10,423 4s 10d on 31 May 1770. On 5 June 1770 the Governor took £557 0s 0d payable to Robert Wood, Corneille drew three sets, one of £126 6s 0d payable to Bourchier, and Richard Bagley sent £566 3s 3d to Captain Thomas Kirkpatrick (£566 3s 10d in the cash account). On 11 June 1770 Jonathan Doveton paid £63 0s 0d to Captain Richard Doveton and Richard Goodwin £126 14s 6d to Captain Tryon. The June count received £1,893 2s 9d from warehouse sales, £39 17s 8d from the plantation, £12 10s 0d in licences, £51 2s 1½d duty on 4,088½ gallons of spirits and £1,765 1s 3d from 10 sets of bills. Wrangham drew £4,835 16s 11½d on 30 June 1770, £3,725 10s 4d for pay and £1,110 6s 7½d for other payments, leaving £9,451 7s 8d in coin. [Film No. 258, 266–267, 276, 279, 281, 348–349, 360–362]
Coin rose to £10,380 4s 8d on 31 July 1770 and £11,303 14s 7d on 31 August 1770 with no pay drawn. On 30 July 1770 Purling sent £400 0s 0d more to John Purling. The minutes and cash account disagree on Wrangham’s bill to John Morgan (£272 10s 0d and £222 10s 0d), Jonathan Doveton’s to Captain Richard Doveton (£467 0s 0d and £407 0s 0d) and Bearcroft’s of 4 August 1770 to Charles Storey (£300 0s 0d and £40 0s 0d). On 6 August 1770 John Whitchurch, attorney for the orphans of John Bland, remitted £313 6s 6d to Roger Green in England. The August cash recorded £5 14s 11d from the effects of George Crudge, caulker of the Duke of Grafton, who died at the island. On 24 September 1770 Captain Henry Bazett, treasurer of the Widows’ Fund, registered a mortgage bond held by the fund. The September count opened at £11,843 9s 7d. It took £591 0s 0d on 10 September 1770 from Captain Martin Pieterz (Paletz) Mooy of the Westfriesland for bills on the Court, the year’s rents, £12 10s 0d in licences and £51 6s 1½d duty on 4,104½ gallons of spirits. The paymaster drew £4,653 3s 6d on 30 September 1770, £741 16s 1d of it for day labour and other charges, and the chest closed with £9,733 14s 0d in coin. [Film No. 374–375, 378, 381, 387, 397, 399, 461, 468–469]
Bengal invoices ran in current rupees of 16 annas of 12 pice, weighing in maunds of 40 seers; Bombay in rupees, quarters and reas; Canton in taels, mace, candareens and cash, each a tenth of the one above, weighing in piculs and catties; and Madras in pagodas, fanams and cash. Tryon’s Cape account converted 308 rixdollars into 616 rupees. The island kept sterling, and rupees brought by soldiers and sailors from India circulated there. [Film No. 72, 84, 90, 95–96, 113, 120, 125, 150, 248, 370]
The ledgers carry small slips. In the quarter to 31 December 1769 the servants’ total was carried forward at £1,668 10s 9d and brought forward at £1,666 10s 9d, with similar mismatches in the planters’, ships’ and pay schedules. In the quarter to 31 March 1770 the servants’ £602 18s 0d was brought forward as £602 16s 0d. The repairs account left a page total blank before resuming at £19 9s 10d, and pay-list totals shifted from £975 7s 8d to £976 7s 8d, £1,658 17s 0½d to £1,663 17s 0½d and £2,208 12s 6d to £2,208 17s 3d. The paymaster carried £109 18s 0d and £453 19s 6d forward but brought forward £109 16s 0d and £468 19s 6d, though his account balanced. In the quarter to 30 June 1770 £753 14s 4d was brought forward as £755 14s 4d. In the quarter to 30 September 1770 the planters’ £12 7s 9d was brought forward as £10 7s 9d and a paymaster’s subtotal moved from £722 4s 1½d to £722 11s 10d. [Film No. 15–17, 19–22, 25–26, 54–55, 157, 172–173, 188–189, 192–193, 198–199, 209–222, 294–295, 302, 306, 415–416, 466]
Purling’s inventory of 30 September 1770, signed by him alone, valued the stores at £13,554 7s 0d. Salt beef and pork in over 400 casks were worth £4,533 12s 8d and 459 casks of flour £1,119 5s 3d. The stock included 416 cwt of cordage worth £705 12s 4d, anchors worth £292 4s 7d, 218 cwt of sugar candy, 914 cwt of rice and 53,960 copper halfpence worth £112 8s 4d. For building it held 1,075 double deals, 635 single deals, 114 pickaxes, 134 spades, 106 iron shovels, 72 wheelbarrows, 59 cwt of sheet lead, nails worth £217 19s 5d and 575 pieces of church timber worth £161 10s 2d. It also held 1,232 pairs of men’s shoes, 817 soldiers’ shirts, 184 spare soldiers’ suits, sailors’ slops, some 81,800 fish hooks in 13 sizes, spare masts, four corn mills, a pewter still and £508 8s 2d of candles. On 22 October 1770 the Council wrote off £83 9s 0d of waste for the year, including rice at £25 13s 7d, sugar at £17 3s 6d and £8 13s 1d of leather and broken china and glass, releasing Powell from liability. Damaged goods were ordered sold at the Market House for cash only, under a notice signed by John Bazett as secretary. [Film No. 432–447, 470–472]
Judiciary, Crime and Punishment
The coroner was paid £1 5s 0d for each of the inquests on Daniel Armin on 5 October 1769 and Mary Leech on 13 October 1769, with fees to the clerk of arraignments and the apparitor of the court. John Price, publican, marshal and gaoler at £7 10s 0d a quarter, received 12s 6d on 12 October 1769 for five committals. On 13 November 1769 William Coppen, a private of the First Company, received £12 0s 0d for informing against men who had coined false rupees, under a notice of 7 November 1769. The clerk of arraignments and the apparitor received 12s 6d on 28 February 1770, and the pound-keeper Robert Hardy 5s on 16 March 1770 for recovering a Company hog. [Film No. 50–51, 72, 188, 210]
On 12 March 1770 the Council registered the inventory of Elizabeth Greentree, who died on 16 May 1769, sworn by the appraisers Matthew Bazett and Wrangham and by her executors, among them Purling. Her will freed her slaves Lucy and Margaret. William Holbrook, the master mason, died on 20 March 1770, the same day as Orlando Bagley senior. His will of 25 August 1769, commending his soul to God and trusting in Christ for pardon, was proved on 22 March 1770 on the witnesses’ oaths. It directed the estate sold and the proceeds sent to his daughter Martha, wife of William Hyde, a ropemaker of Back Lane near St George’s in the East, London, with John Price as executor. The pay list credited Holbrook with £23 19s 6d “to 1 April”. Price’s account of 9 April 1770 showed £23 10s 6d from the auction of 4 April 1770 and £25 19s 5d for 79 days’ unpaid salary. Debts and funeral costs took £33 1s 10½d, leaving £16 8s 0½d. Price’s own bill of £15 17s 0d for drink and board, paid first, was the largest debt and “free Sarah” was owed £4 4s 0d. Wine and punch for the mourners cost £1 0s 0d and the Reverend Mr Bearcroft received 6s 0d for the burial. The creditors included Lieutenant St Maurice, Sergeant John Whitchurch and John Lemmon. [Film No. 112, 120, 122–123, 147–148, 186, 188–189, 203, 206]
The Council proved Orlando Bagley senior’s will of 10 November 1769 on 23 April 1770. His widow Martha received a third of his personal estate, a quarter of his land, the use of his house for life while she stayed a widow, the slave girl Doll and the goat range at High Hill for life, her share shrinking if she remarried. His sons took whole holdings at a valuation or fixed price, John paying £700 0s 0d for land in Peak Gut, part of which had come from James Grantree, and any son selling had to offer the land to his brothers in order of age. Lifetime gifts of £100 0s 0d to John and £166 10s 6d to his son-in-law Simon Whaley counted against their shares, and the executors, among them Wrangham and Benjamin Mason, might advance Whaley money to clear his debts. The will left sums for the education of four sons and three daughters, including £5 0s 0d for his daughter Elizabeth. On 14 May 1770 Richard Bagley, Orlando’s brother and executor, had a copy of the will of Mary Hunt of Bengal, brought by the Lioness, registered. On 21 May 1770 Wrangham obtained leave to auction 10 acres of leased land in Peak Gut that had belonged to David Alcock, from whom Bagley had also bought. On 30 July 1770 the Council registered Bagley’s inventory, valued on oath by Richard Goodwin, John Alexander and Henry Bazett. [Film No. 225–229, 237, 245, 373]
The sheriff’s account for Richard Goodwin’s year, presented on 14 May 1770 and paid by the paymaster, totalled £13 10s 0d. The crier Thomas Jones proclaimed the quarterly courts in July and October 1769 and January 1770 and April 1770, each with a jury and paid bailiffs. Bailiffs searched for goats stolen from John Whitchurch, helped arrest men named only as Tom and Peter, attended the committal of Tom and Cupid and received £1 10s 0d at Cupid’s execution after the October 1769 court. A flying party was raised by proclamation, and a bailiff was sent to kill dogs that had killed sheep. [Film No. 240, 341, 356]
John Desfountain died on 29 April 1770, and his will of 25 October 1768 was proved on 11 June 1770. Isaac Knipe died on 15 June 1770, and his will of 3 May 1770 was proved on 25 June 1770. In the quarter to 30 June 1770 the Company paid £5 0s 0d, a third of the reward, for taking three slaves who had run beyond the period an advertisement allowed. Powell, as coroner, was paid £1 5s 0d for an inquest on three Danish sailors drowned in the road between 3 and 12 June 1770. On 2 July 1770 the widow and executors of Richard Beale senior produced an inventory valued on oath by Richard Bagley and Benjamin Mason, the widow swearing she had produced every item, and the Council ordered it registered. [Film No. 270, 272, 277, 284, 286–287, 313, 352, 354]
On 16 July 1770 the Council cut the reward for taking slaves absent more than 14 days, fixed at £5 0s 0d by an advertisement of 19 September 1768, to £3 0s 0d, the owner paying 10s, the Company 25s and the parish 25s. William Phelps was paid £1 5s 0d under it for taking a slave woman who had run from her master for more than a fortnight. William Jenkins’s house was set on fire on the night of 4 August 1770, and on 6 August 1770 the Council offered £20 0s 0d to anyone who discovered the arsonists, with the same reward and a pardon for an informing accomplice who had not lit the fire himself. On 20 August 1770 it allowed Wrangham and Henry Bazett, guardians of John Tibbets’s children, to sell the children’s 17½ acres in the South Division. In the quarter to 30 September 1770 Price was paid 1s 3d each for 12 floggings, and the coroner £1 5s 0d for each inquest, on Watson and on Juba. [Film No. 363–364, 380–381, 388, 423, 458, 462, 464]
The Company’s slaves were charged £645 3s 2d in stores in the quarter to 31 December 1769: 14,976 pounds of rice against 9,395 pounds in the quarter before, 3,220 pieces of salt meat against under 2,000, 427 gallons of arrack against 277 and 232 pounds of bohea. Craftsmen and women received 99 pairs of men’s shoes and 25 pairs of women’s calfskin shoes, and the craftsmen canvas aprons for the forge, bench and mortar. A sick woman was issued a lamp, a saucepan and half a piece of long cloth. The Governor’s servants received scarlet shalloon, serge, fustian and holland for livery, and two Castle servants fine hats at 17s 6d each. Hugh Jones drew £10 0s 0d a quarter as superintendent of the slaves. Pork and rice were issued for planters’ slaves working at Munden’s Point, and pork, rice and arrack under the general fortifications account, with no hire payment entered. Powell was paid £9 19s 0d for 199 days’ work by his own slaves at Munden’s Battery, at 1s a day, the rate paid to Holbrook for 76 days by his apprentice. [Film No. 36–37, 44, 47, 50, 74, 76, 188]
The muster rolls of January and February 1770 entered Captain Ross’s servants as Ankerwyke and Prince George, a seaman of the Ponsborne as Andrew Ponsborne and General Smith’s servant as Socca; the Shrewsbury had carried boys named Ganges and Liverpool in 1769. Those of March and April 1770 list the seamen Pompey in the Nottingham, Peter Friday in the Havannah and Jack Hyder Alley in the Earl of Lincoln. In January 1770 John Robinson supplied 75 rafters to repair the slaves’ house at Maldivia Garden. [Film No. 80–81, 92, 101, 130, 139, 153, 208]
The Company’s slaves ate 55,205 yams from 1 January 1770 to 31 March 1770, against 9,993 in the quarter to 30 September 1769, and its stock 14,140. A slave boy, Darwood, was entered among the plantation’s increase. The slaves were charged £524 3s 0d in the quarter, with 14,381 pounds of rice, 574 pieces of salt beef, 2,350 of pork and 317½ gallons of arrack. The Angola slaves received pepper, salt and soap separately. Timber and nails went to a slave hospital, on which labourers spent 35 days, and an iron pot to the Black Square. Livery for the Governor’s household slaves, of shoes, serge, canvas, chelloe, scarlet and pompadour shalloon, buttons and silk, was charged to the slaves’ account. [Film No. 144, 176–177, 216]
In the quarter to 30 June 1770 the slaves were charged £779 9s 4d, with 17,851 pounds of rice, 1,062 pieces of salt beef, 1,440 of pork and 319 gallons of arrack. Working slaves received shoes for the first time, 49 pairs for men and 15 for women, and the slave fishermen 264 lines and 1,050 hooks. The women received 16½ pieces of brown long cloth, 65 pieces of chelloe, kersey, 101 yards of canvas, thread and tape. The men and boys received sailors’ slops, including 64 worn jackets, 103 pairs of breeches, 205 shirts and 64 Dutch caps, with new duffle jackets, canvas trousers and shirts, for £169 14s 6d. The Governor’s household slaves wore green serge livery with scarlet trimming, gilt buttons and worsted lace, and 51 blankets were issued. The plantation account recorded the births of Jacob and Tilla and the death of Cain. [Film No. 290, 318–320]
Desfountain’s will left his land whole to his son James at 21, who was to pay his sisters Mary and Elizabeth their shares in money. His slaves, 15 named, were divided equally and “not to be valued”, four to each child, two boys and two women or girls apiece. His widow Sarah received Jack and Mercy, formerly James Rider’s, to dispose of as she wished, and the boy George to serve her for life and then be freed. Knipe’s will left 11 slaves among five children: Frank and Doll to Samuel, Tom and Billy to Richard, Christian and Fanny to Mary, Prance, Patt and Nancy to Kitty and Pegg and Kitty to Flora. The legacies were to be valued and evened out from the residue, and the sons had first refusal of the land with its yam grounds at a valuation. [Film No. 271, 285]
The slaves ate 77,152 pounds of yams between July and September 1770 and the stock 12,450 pounds, and a slave girl, Nanny, was entered with the calves and lambs. The slaves were charged £378 8s 7d in the quarter, with 82 cwt of rice, 1,068 pieces of beef, 549 of pork and 230 gallons of arrack. Artificers and Castle servants received 65 pairs of shoes, 28 pairs of stockings and canvas aprons, and the women 19 pairs of shoes and 11 of stockings. Women lying in received half a piece of long cloth, and the Angola slaves again drew pepper, salt and a cooking pot. Rafters, laths and binders repaired the Black Square, the Maldivia house and the wood house, and cordage thatched the slaves’ house. [Film No. 405, 424, 462, 464]
The Company’s Malays were charged £22 19s 1d in the quarter to 31 December 1769, against £8 7s 10d in the quarter before, including blue and scarlet broadcloth, gilt coat buttons, scarlet shalloon, fine shoes, worsted stockings, wine glasses, china and coffee. Daughtlock Roballam had petitioned on 31 July 1769 to leave the island, and the Council had refused and referred his case to the Court. Their headmen, Noqueda Soocolum (entered Pasqueda Porcelane in December 1769) and Massapunge (Mafungo), each drew £1 12s 6d allowance and £1 0s 0d house rent a quarter, and Soocolum £1 6s 0d in place of 13 pieces of salt meat. Nakhoda is the Malay title of a ship’s master. The Malays’ account was £10 19s 0d in the quarter to 31 March 1770, adding coffee, sugar, flour, candles, soap, Florence oil, tea and a pair of fine pumps to rice, salt beef and arrack. It was £11 9s 7d in the quarter to 30 June 1770, including 6 yards of ticking, and £38 14s 9d in the quarter to 30 September 1770, including blue and scarlet broadcloth, long cloth, a tea kettle, wine and beer glasses, china and four pairs of fine shoes. [Film No. 38–39, 74, 76, 177–178, 212, 320–321, 354, 424–426, 462]
Servants bought 79½ yards of gold lace worth over £11 in the quarter to 31 December 1769, against 48 yards, and 12 yards of black broadcloth, after the deaths of Richard Beale senior on 7 October 1769, Lieutenant Welch in August 1769 and the children Mary and Richard Goodwin and Edward Statham in August and September 1769. Planters bought 1,045 pounds of flour to bake, 82 pounds of candles for £13 3s 1d, 11½ gallons of train oil, 26 pounds of tea, a 3-quart kettle, four minute glasses and two hourglasses. A servant bought a hogshead of beer for £3 16s 9d, and servants took 11 punch ladles, decanters, glasses and dripping pans; three kettles sold against 21 in store. Eleanor, daughter of the secretary Matthew Bazett, died on 24 January 1770. [Film No. 15–18, 20–24, 83]
In the quarter to 31 March 1770 servants bought four sets of octagonal dishes and plates, 66 cups and saucers, guglets, china chamber pots, 14 buckling combs, gold garters and broadcloth in scarlet, blue, brown and lead colour. Planters took black and pompadour broadcloth and a man’s fine hat. The paymaster’s account to 31 March 1770 recorded Solomon St Maurice receiving £12 3s 8d, half the cost of a wall he built along the watercourse for travellers’ safety, and James Gillman making Union flags for Munden’s Battery and the main fort. In the quarter to 30 June 1770 women bought 74 pairs of calamanco shoes against two, and men 34 pairs of fine shoes and 36 pairs of pumps, with 21½ yards of gold lace, nine box irons, a case of fleams, over 1,500 corks and much black broadcloth. On 5 June 1770 St Maurice sent £30 0s 0d to Mrs Ann Barne, and on 16 June 1770 Captain Richard Beale sent £20 0s 0d to the Reverend William Lee and Captain Henry Bazett £60 0s 0d to Mrs Mary Bazett. In the quarter to 30 September 1770 servants bought nearly £50 of broadcloth in scarlet, green, blue, buff and greys, a roasting jack with chain and weight for £3 7s 6d and two saddles for £7 4s 0d. [Film No. 158, 161–163, 208, 212, 216, 267, 279, 294–302, 411–413]
Desfountain’s will gave his widow a third of his land, house and personal estate for life and kept his sister Rebecca in food, drink, washing and lodging while she remained single. He named as executors his wife, Lieutenant Samuel Desfountain, Orlando Bagley junior and his son James on reaching 19. Deaths among the inhabitants included the widow Susannah Pledger on 28 July 1770, Jane, wife of the chaplain, on 31 July 1770, William, son of Thomas Harper, on 14 August 1770, Margaret, daughter of Captain Richard Beale, on 21 August 1770 and Sarah, wife of the planter James Easthope, on 13 October 1770. [Film No. 272, 369, 375, 385, 389, 407]
Servants bought two Books of Common Prayer, a hornbook, three spelling books and a large Bible in the quarter to 31 December 1769, and a planter a Prayer Book for 7s. The Company issued a folio Prayer Book for the reading desk at £2 9s 6d and 30 pounds of candles to the chaplain. Thomas Yates (Yate) drew £5 0s 0d a quarter as clerk of the church. Richard Beale senior, judge advocate and schoolmaster for 45 years, died on 7 October 1769. On 4 September 1769 the Council had promised to continue his salary until the Court answered his petition for a pension, and it paid him £1 10s 8d to his death. His posts stayed vacant until 9 May 1770, and the vestry planned a new school with a schoolmaster from England. Captain Richard Beale of the Third Company, who drew a full quarter’s pay, was his son. Mary Beale’s pension of £7 10s 0d a quarter continued, as did Elizabeth Kennedy’s, in a pension list of £32 4s 2d. Only a Book of Common Prayer and two spelling books sold in the quarter to 31 March 1770. [Film No. 14, 24, 27, 30, 50–51, 58, 70, 162, 188, 206]
The vestry met on 18 May 1770 and appointed a committee to build a school in James’s Valley. On 21 May 1770 the churchwardens, with Richard Goodwin, Henry Bazett, Richard Beale and Wrangham, asked the Council for the slaughterhouse site and timber from the Company’s stores, and the Council deferred its answer. On 18 June 1770 it granted the site by deed for £2 0s 0d, ordered the slaughterhouse moved and asked for an estimate of timber. Purchasers bought a hornbook, two spelling books, two Books of Common Prayer and a small Bible between April and June 1770. On 3 September 1770 the committee asked for timber and about 300 double deals estimated by the carpenter George Bird, having got only six pieces of timber from the ships, five used to repair the collapsing workhouse. It also asked for the soldier carpenters John Thistlewood and Henry Gray, saying there were no others on the island. The Council granted two pieces of Riga timber, two oak planks, four baulks and 100 each of double and single deals, and did not answer the request for the men. The managers paid for the site on 17 September 1770, its bounds measuring 112 feet along the watercourse, 133 along Mary Hooks’s garden, 136 along the road and 88 along Bird’s house. A spelling book, a primer and a Bible sold in the quarter to 30 September 1770. [Film No. 227–228, 244–245, 282, 299, 391–392, 398, 411–413]
Five Bazetts held office: besides the civil posts of Matthew, George and Thomas, Thomas was a lieutenant in the Third Company, Henry captain and John second lieutenant of the Second Company. Corneille also captained the First Company. Solomon St Maurice was first lieutenant of the First Company and master at arms. John Joyce, keeper of clocks, was also a private, and a Thomas Yates served as gunner. John Beale was a sergeant, and Samuel Desfountain and Robert Purling held lieutenancies in the Fourth Company. Jonathan Doveton was a factor, William Webber Doveton a writer and Isaac Doveton a planter, and the orphans of John Doveton stood on the rent roll. Among the Canton supercargoes of 29 November 1769 was the naturalist John Bradby Blake, who sent Chinese plants and seeds home. [Film No. 49–51, 55–56, 96, 104–105, 186–189, 192–205, 330, 334–337, 343, 346]
The record leaves several matters unresolved: the offences behind the reductions of 1769 and 1770, the coiners’ identity and punishment, the Court’s rulings of 9 May 1770, the verdict on Rutherford, the outcome of the arson reward and the fate of the deserters of 28 July 1770 and the slave they took. [Film No. 8–474]
Film No | Page No. | OCR Transcription | Modern Interpretation and analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
| The record sheet for the Endangered Archives Programme project EAP 1364, St Helena, described the volume as follows. Document name and date: St Helena Records 1769 Dimensions: 47 centimetres high, 32 centimetres wide, 7 centimetres deep Written pages: 417 Blank pages: 0 Spine and cover: good condition, with slight insect boring on the covers Inside pages: good condition, with slightly frayed edges on some pages and foxing throughout Additional comments: the pages are not numbered Time taken to photograph: 4 hours | ||
| Book cover | ||
| Blank page | ||
| Blank page | ||
| Blank page | ||
| Blank page | ||
| Blank page | ||
1 | [End of the opening line at the right-hand edge partly cut off at the edge of the image.] Island St. Helena At a Consultation held on Monday the 15th day of January 1770 at the Ca[...] Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 8 January 1770 Friday the 12 Died James Trullivan Private This day arrived the Ponsborne's Boat at Banks's at half an Hour past 8 o'Clock in the Morning do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Ponsborne from China (last from the Cape) The Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter commencing the 1st of October and ending the 31st day of December 1769 which were examined and approved and are as follow viz. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 15 January 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 8 January 1770 were read, approved and signed. James Sullivan, a private, died on Friday 12 January 1770. That day, at half past eight in the morning, a boat from the Ponsborne came in at Banks's. The Company's ship Ponsborne arrived the same day from China, having called last at the Cape. The storekeeper presented his collections, and the paymaster his accounts, for the quarter from 1 October to 31 December 1769. The Council examined and approved them, and they read as follows. Interpretations James Sullivan had come to the island in the Thames in October 1769 as one of 13 invalids being sent home from Madras. On 13 October the Council chose to enlist him for five years with a bounty of £5, judging him a good man and a trained soldier. He died three months later. The voyage had evidently given only a passing recovery from whatever had broken his health in India. The Council's choice to keep him had been sound in principle, since seasoned soldiers were scarce, but taking on a man already discharged as unfit carried exactly this risk. His bounty and three months' pay were lost with him. | |
2 | 15th January Collection of Goods sold and delivered out of the Honble. Companys Ware Houses from 1st of October to the 31st December 1769 Sold to the Honble. Companys Servants at 10 p Cent Sugar and Candy viz. 7122 lb Sugar 103 17 3 1427 lb Candy 32 14 136 11 3 Flour viz. 3518 lb 29 6 4 Cwt. qrs. 409 1 Baked 381 19 4 411 5 8 Tea viz. 133 1/2 lb Bohea 7 3 3 96 Congo 6 10 8 66 lb Single 4 10 9 18 6 8 Rice and Paddy viz. Cwt. qrs. lb. 67 1 26 Rice 29 14 10 19 2 7 Paddy 4 8 10 34 3 8 Soap 188 lb 6 1 3 Salt 22 3/4 Bushells 3 13 9 Pepper 33 lb 19 8 Candles 397 lb 49 12 6 Ticking 4 Yards 13 9 Challows 23 Ps. 10 8 11 Arrack 13 Gall. 3 15 Starch 33 lb 1 1 4 Lead 24 lb Shott 5 Oars 8 1 4 4 Coffee 33 lb 1 12 1 Cordage 506 1/2 lb 8 18 6 Carried Over £ 688 15 1 | The storekeeper's collection listed the goods sold and delivered from the Company's warehouses between 1 October and 31 December 1769. The first schedule covered sales to the Company's servants at 10 per cent above cost. Sugar and sugar candy 7,122 pounds of sugar, £103 17s 3d 1,427 pounds of sugar candy, £32 14s 0d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £136 11s 3d Flour 3,518 pounds of flour, £29 6s 4d 409 hundredweight 1 quarter of flour, baked, £381 19s 4d Total for flour, £411 5s 8d Tea 137½ pounds of bohea tea, £7 3s 3d 96 pounds of congou tea, £6 10s 8d 66 pounds of singlo tea, £4 10s 9d Total for tea, £18 6s 8d Rice and paddy 67 hundredweight 1 quarter 26 pounds of rice, £29 14s 10d 19 hundredweight 2 quarters 7 pounds of paddy, £4 8s 10d Total for rice and paddy, £34 3s 8d 128 pounds of soap, £6 1s 3d 22¾ bushels of salt, £3 13s 9d 33 pounds of pepper, £0 19s 8d 397 pounds of candles, £49 12s 6d 4 yards of ticking, £0 13s 9d 23 pieces of chelloes, £10 8s 11d 13 gallons of arrack, £3 15s 0d 33 pounds of starch, £1 1s 4d 24 pounds of lead shot, £0 5s 0d 8 oars, £1 4s 4d 33 pounds of coffee, £1 12s 1d 506½ pounds of cordage, £8 18s 6d Carried forward, £688 15s 1d Interpretations The Company's servants took 409 hundredweight of flour as baked bread in the quarter to December 1769, against 263 hundredweight in the quarter to September. That was over 20 tons of bread in three months. The rise came as the southern-hemisphere spring brought the first ships of the new season, and households laid in more for entertaining. It also suggests the Company's bakehouse had become the regular bakery for every official family in James Town. The flour was baked from the Company's stock, so the servants paid only 10 per cent over the cost of flour and baking together, far less than a planter could bake his own bread for. Tea sales fell sharply, to under 300 pounds from over 1,000 pounds in the previous quarter. The tea counted in the warehouse at the end of September stood at about 10 hundredweight. The China ships of the new season had not yet arrived to restock it, and the storekeeper was evidently rationing what remained until the Ponsborne and others came in from Canton. | |
3 | 1770 Brought Over £ 688 15 1 Oil viz. 49 1/2 Gall. Train 8 17 4 55 1/4 do. Linseed 12 2 9 1/4 do. Oil of Turpentine 7 3 3 Bottles Florence 14 7 22 1 11 Shalloon viz. 73 1/2 Yds. Colord 7 11 10 10 do. Scarlet 1 7 6 8 19 4 Hats viz. 3 Mens 2 17 9 1 Boys 6 7 3 4 4 Twine viz. 33 Skeins Twine 1 0 7 1/2 Cotton wick 1 7 1 2 2 Canvas viz. 67 1/4 Yards English 4 16 8 44 1/2 do. Osnabrigs 1 18 6 6 15 2 Leather viz. 199 lb Sole Leather 10 15 7 6 Calf Skins 2 17 3 13 12 10 Blankets 11 Fine 6 7 3 Long Ells 41 1/4 Yards Blue 4 1 7 Flannel 2 Yards 3 9 Beef and Pork viz. 2387 Ps. Beef 238 14 3179 Ps. Pork 317 18 556 12 Bunting 3 Yards Blue 3 3 Carried over £ 1311 18 10 | The sales to the Company's servants continued from a running total of £688 15s 1d. Brought forward, £688 15s 1d Oil 49½ gallons of train oil, £8 17s 4d 55¾ gallons of linseed oil, £12 2s 9d 1¼ gallons of oil of turpentine, £0 7s 3d 3 bottles of Florence oil, £0 14s 7d Total for oil, £22 1s 11d Shalloon 73½ yards of coloured shalloon, £7 11s 10d 10 yards of scarlet shalloon, £1 7s 6d Total for shalloon, £8 19s 4d Hats 3 men's hats, £2 17s 9d 1 boy's hat, £0 6s 7d Total for hats, £3 4s 4d Twine 33 skeins of twine, £1 0s 7d ½ pound of cotton wick, £0 1s 7d Total for twine, £1 2s 2d Canvas 67¼ yards of English canvas, £4 16s 8d 44½ yards of osnaburg, £1 18s 6d Total for canvas, £6 15s 2d Leather 199 pounds of sole leather, £10 15s 7d 6 calfskins, £2 17s 3d Total for leather, £13 12s 10d 11 fine blankets, £6 7s 3d 41¼ yards of blue long ells, £4 1s 7d 2 yards of flannel, £0 3s 9d Beef and pork 2,387 pieces of beef, £238 14s 0d 3,179 pieces of pork, £317 18s 0d Total for beef and pork, £556 12s 0d 3 yards of blue bunting, £0 3s 3d Carried forward, £1,311 18s 10d Interpretations The Company's servants bought 5,566 pieces of salt beef and pork in the quarter to December 1769, for £556 12s 0d. In the quarter to September they had taken 4,026 pieces. Both beef and pork went at exactly 2s a piece, the rate the Council paid commanders, so the servants' 10 per cent mark-up did not apply to salt meat at all. Pork outsold beef by a third this quarter. The inventory of 30 September had shown nearly equal stocks of each, and the servants were drawing more heavily on the pork, perhaps because the beef was being kept for the garrison and the ships of the new season. The 11 fine blankets and the increased sales of linseed oil, canvas and leather point to households preparing for the spring and the arrival of the shipping season, when houses were painted, sails and awnings renewed and visitors lodged. | |
4 | 15th January Brought over £ 1311 18 10 Grind stones 2 6 1 Pease 1/16 Bushell 8 Hooks and Lines viz. 225 No. 1 250 9 275 14 50 15 630 16 30 10 23 12 25 8 Hooks 1 10 1 90 2 42 3 48 4 6 Log 6 Hambro Lines 4 1 1 5 11 6 Paint viz. 52 1/2 Ven. Red mixed 1 8 5 32 Indico 3 15 3/4 Verdigrease 2 19 3 1/2 147 1/4 Stone Color 4 2 9 20 Olive do. 1 19 2 270 White Lead dry 4 13 7 1/2 7 1/2 Blue Smalts 14 3/4 108 Whiting 4 6 23 Red Lead 6 2 3/4 13 Barrels Blacking 8 9 Paint Carried Over £ 19 18 9 1/2 Carried over £ 1317 17 1 | The sales to the Company's servants continued from a running total of £1,311 18s 10d. Brought forward, £1,311 18s 10d 2 grindstones, £0 6s 1d ½ bushel of peas, £0 0s 8d Hooks and lines 225 number 1 hooks 250 number 9 hooks 275 number 14 hooks 50 number 15 hooks 630 number 16 hooks 30 number 10 hooks 25 number 12 hooks 25 number 8 hooks Total for hooks, £1 10s 1d 90 number 2 lines 42 number 3 lines 48 number 4 lines 6 log lines 6 hambro lines Total for lines, £4 1s 1d Total for hooks and lines, £5 11s 6d Paint 52½ pounds of Venetian red, mixed, £1 8s 5d 32 pounds of indigo, £3 0s 0d 15¾ pounds of verdigris, £2 19s 3½d 147¼ pounds of stone colour, £4 2s 9d 20 pounds of olive colour, £1 19s 2d 270 pounds of white lead, dry, £4 10s 7½d 7½ pounds of blue smalt, £0 14s 0¾d 108 pounds of whiting, £0 4s 6d 23 pounds of red lead, £0 6s 2¾d 13 pounds of blacking in barrels, £0 8s 9d Paint carried forward, £19 18s 9½d Carried forward, £1,317 17s 1d Interpretations The servants bought nearly 700 pounds of paint in the quarter to December 1769, far more than in the winter quarter before. White lead, stone colour and olive colour, the materials for painting walls, doors and shutters, made up most of it. October to December was spring at St Helena. The drier, milder weather was the season for outdoor painting, before the homeward ships arrived and households turned to entertaining their officers and passengers. The olive and verdigris greens were for doors and shutters, the colours most favoured for the town's houses. | |
5 | 1770 Brought over £ 1317 17 1 Paint Brought over £ 19 18 9 1/2 17 lb Chalk 8 1/2 4 Pearl Color 1 10 2 1/2 Copperas 2 8 1/2 9 lb Log Wood 2 3/4 6 Brimstone 1 4 1/2 2 1/4 Ven. Red dry 3 1/2 29 Blue paint 3 10 8 1/4 11 3/4 Yellow Oaker dry 3 3 2 Blue Black 1 3 1/2 1/4 Umber 1 24 3 5 Long Cloth viz. 1/2 Ps. No. 6 4 11 8 do. 3 24 6 28 Ps. 9 40 9 8 10 Ps. 10 12 5 3 1/2 Ps. D 25 11 6 1/4 Ps. L 1 6 11 104 4 Iron Ware viz. 7 Chest Locks 1 3 9 1/4 3 Cupboard do. 9 4 1/2 3 Splinter do. 1 2 1/2 3 Pad do. 3 3 3/4 10 Blank Keys 6 10 1/2 2 Mouse Traps 1 4 1 Spring Rat do. 1 7 3/4 1 Wire do. 6 3/4 2 Coffee Mills 16 4 4 Scythes 1 3 6 22 Scythe stones 4 7 Iron Ware Carr. over £ 3 4 3 1/2 Carried over £ 1446 4 6 | The sales to the Company's servants continued from a running total of £1,317 17s 1d. Brought forward, £1,317 17s 1d Paint brought forward, £19 18s 9½d 17 pounds of chalk, £0 0s 8½d 4 pounds of pearl colour, £0 1s 10d 2½ pounds of copperas, £0 2s 8½d 9 pounds of logwood, £0 2s 0¾d 6 pounds of brimstone, £0 1s 4½d 2¼ pounds of Venetian red, dry, £0 0s 3½d 29 pounds of blue paint, £3 10s 8¼d 11¾ pounds of yellow ochre, dry, £0 3s 3d 2 pounds of blue black, £0 1s 3½d ¼ pound of umber, £0 0s 1d Total for paint, £24 3s 5d Long cloth ½ piece of number 6, £0 4s 11d 8 pieces of number 3, £24 6s 0d 28 pieces of number 9, £40 9s 8d 10 pieces of number 10, £12 5s 0d 3½ pieces of grade D, £25 11s 6d ½ piece of grade L, £1 6s 11d Total for long cloth, £104 4s 0d Ironmongery 7 chest locks, £1 3s 9¼d 3 cupboard locks, £0 9s 4½d 3 spring locks, £0 1s 2½d 3 padlocks, £0 3s 3¾d 10 blank keys, £0 6s 10½d 2 mousetraps, £0 1s 4d 1 spring rat trap, £0 1s 3¾d 1 wire rat trap, £0 6s 3¾d 2 coffee mills, £0 16s 4d 4 scythes, £1 3s 6d 22 scythe stones, £0 4s 7d Ironmongery carried forward, £3 4s 8½d Carried forward, £1,446 4s 6d Interpretations The servants bought four scythes and 22 scythe stones in the quarter to December 1769, against none in the winter quarter. The grass on the island's upland pastures grew fast in the spring months, and officials who held land cut it for hay to carry their horses and cattle through the drier season. The purchases followed the farming year as closely as the paint and candles followed the weather. Blue paint, at 29 pounds, cost £3 10s 8¼d, over 2s a pound and the dearest of the house paints bought. Blue was the costliest colour to make in oil, since its pigments came from cobalt glass or the new Prussian blue. An official who chose blue for his doors and shutters was choosing the most expensive finish the warehouse could offer. | |
6 | [Foot of the page partly cut off at the lower edge of the image.] 15th January Brought over £ 1446 4 6 Iron Ware Brought over £ 3 4 3 1/2 1 Rag stone 4 3/4 1 Garden Hoe 1 3 1/4 1 Broad do. 2 4 3/4 6 Ash Helves 3 10 1/2 6 do. for Garden Hoes 4 4 1/2 10 Pr. Sheep Shears 16 8 3 Large Frying pans 13 8 1/4 1 Small do. 2 3 1/2 2 lb Tinnd Tacks 3 2 Plaistr. Trowels 3 8 3 Pick Axes 19 3/4 4 Iron Shovels 19 9 1 Axletree and Winch 4 8 1/4 14 Pr. dove Tail Hinges 4 8 10 Pr. Barrack do. 18 4 1 Pr. Cross Garnet do. 8 3 3/4 2 Pr. Large Steelyards 1 2 3 1 Pr. Small do. 6 3 4 Hand Hatchets 7 7 1 Wood Ax 3 1 1/2 1 1/2 Brass Chair Nails 4 1 1/2 3 Sail Needles 3 2 Sheets Sandpaper 2 1/2 2 Pr. Hand Bellows 8 2 Gimblets 10 2 Spike do. 10 1 Plow with Furniture 4 0 5 11 doz. Wood Screws 4 1 1/2 1 Claw Hammer 1 8 1/2 1 Iron rimd Lock B 1 3 2 1/2 10 do. with Brass Knobs 3 7 8 1/2 3 Stock Locks 13 23 19 4 Carried over £ 1470 [...] | The sales to the Company's servants continued from a running total of £1,446 4s 6d. Brought forward, £1,446 4s 6d Ironmongery brought forward, £5 4s 8½d 1 ragstone, £0 0s 4¾d 1 garden hoe, £0 1s 3¼d 1 broad hoe, £0 2s 4¾d 6 ash handles, £0 3s 10½d 6 handles for garden hoes, £0 4s 4½d 10 pairs of sheep shears, £0 16s 8d 3 large frying pans, £0 13s 8¼d 1 small frying pan, £0 2s 3½d 2 pounds of tinned tacks, £0 3s 0d 2 plasterer's trowels, £0 3s 3d 5 pickaxes, £0 19s 0¾d 4 iron shovels, £0 19s 9d 1 axletree and winch, £0 4s 8¼d 14 pairs of dovetail hinges, £0 4s 8d 10 pairs of barrack hinges, £0 18s 4d 1 pair of cross garnet hinges, £0 8s 3¾d 2 pairs of large steelyards, £1 2s 3d 1 pair of small steelyards, £0 6s 3d 4 hand hatchets, £0 7s 7d 1 wood axe, £0 3s 1½d 1½ thousand brass chair nails, £0 4s 1½d 3 sail needles, £0 0s 3d 2 sheets of sandpaper, £0 0s 2½d 2 pairs of hand bellows, £0 8s 0d 2 gimlets, £0 0s 10d 2 spike gimlets, £0 0s 10d 1 plough with its fittings, £4 0s 5d 11 dozen wood screws, £0 4s 1½d 1 claw hammer, £0 1s 8½d 1 iron rim lock, size B, £1 3s 2½d 10 iron rim locks with brass knobs, £3 7s 8½d 3 stock locks, £0 13s 0d Ironmongery carried forward, £23 19s 4d Carried forward, £1,470 3s 10d Interpretations A servant bought a plough with its fittings for £4 0s 5d in the quarter to December 1769. Ploughs were rare on St Helena, where most ground was broken by hoe and pickaxe because the fields were small, steep and stony. A plough drawn by oxen could only work the few broader stretches of upland, such as the plains around Longwood and Deadwood. Its purchase marks an official with enough level land to till on an English pattern, at a time when the Company's own plantation relied on hand labour by slaves. The 10 pairs of barrack hinges and 10 rim locks with brass knobs suggest a house being fitted out or rebuilt, with new doors hung throughout. The servants' discount let an official build or improve a house at far less cost than a planter, which may explain the many small purchases of locks, hinges and glass across the quarter. | |
7 | 1770 Brought over £ 1470 3 10 Books viz. 2 Common Prayer 10 11 1 Horn 1 1/2 3 Speling 2 9 1 Large Bible 1 10 3 1/2 2 4 1 Deals viz. 5 Double Deals 17 2 1/4 5 Single do. 10 10 3 Baulks 1 9 3 1 Elm Board 4 5 1 1/2 Ps. Oak plank 3 1 7 1/2 6 3 4 Shoes viz. 385 Pr. Mens Ordinary Shoes 97 1 3 do. do. do. Fine 13 2 1/4 8 do. do. fine Pumps 2 4 2 do. do. Channel do. 14 2 1/2 3 do. Boys Shoes 10 6 7 do. Womens Calimanco 1 9 7 1/4 1 do. do. Spanish 4 2 3/4 11 do. do. Calf 1 11 4 3/4 1 do. Girls Calimanco 3 3 3/4 5 do. do. Calf 11 3/4 105 7 6 Shirts viz. 147 Soldiers Shirts 35 18 10 1/2 35 Yards Brown Holland 3 10 8 1/4 4 1/2 do. Huckaback 4 11 1/4 2 Ps. Irish Linnen 3 5 42 19 7 Carried over £ 1626 18 4 | The sales to the Company's servants continued from a running total of £1,470 3s 10d. Brought forward, £1,470 3s 10d Books 2 Books of Common Prayer, £0 10s 11d 1 hornbook, £0 0s 1½d 3 spelling books, £0 2s 9d 1 large Bible, £1 10s 3½d Total for books, £2 4s 1d Timber 5 double deals, £0 17s 2¼d 5 single deals, £0 10s 10d 3 baulks of timber, £1 9s 3d 1 elm board, £0 4s 5d 1½ pieces of oak plank, £3 1s 7¾d Total for timber, £6 3s 4d Shoes 385 pairs of men's ordinary shoes, £97 1s 0d 3 pairs of men's fine shoes, £0 13s 2¼d 8 pairs of men's fine pumps, £2 4s 0d 2 pairs of men's channel pumps, £0 14s 2½d 3 pairs of boys' shoes, £0 10s 6d 7 pairs of women's calamanco shoes, £1 9s 7¼d 1 pair of women's Spanish leather shoes, £0 4s 2¾d 11 pairs of women's calfskin shoes, £1 11s 4½d 1 pair of girls' calamanco shoes, £0 3s 3¾d 5 pairs of girls' calfskin shoes, £0 11s 3½d Total for shoes, £105 7s 6d Shirts and linen 147 soldiers' shirts, £35 18s 10½d 33 yards of brown holland, £3 10s 8¼d 4½ yards of huckaback, £0 4s 11¾d 2 pieces of Irish linen, £3 5s 0d Total for shirts and linen, £42 19s 7d Carried forward, £1,626 18s 4d Interpretations The Company's servants bought 385 pairs of men's ordinary shoes and 147 soldiers' shirts in the quarter to December 1769. The garrison's yearly issue had been made in the spring, and by the end of the year many soldiers needed replacements. Several servants held captaincies and lieutenancies in the companies. They bought soldiers' shoes and shirts at 10 per cent over cost and supplied them to their men, charging the cost against the men's pay. In the quarter to September they had taken 149 shirts and 133 pairs of stockings. The scale now was larger still. The officers' discount had become the channel through which the garrison was clothed between the Company's own general issues. | |
8 | 15th January Brought over £ 1626 18 4 Iron Pots 12 Wt. 495 1/2 lb 5 2 9 Earthen ware 3 Milkpans 7 5 Haberdashery viz. 64 Skeins Silk 1 17 4 23 do. Mohair 11 6 13 1/4 Yards White Buckram 16 4 1/2 4 Pr. Gold Garters 1 12 6 9 doz. Mohair Ct. Buttons 6 9 13 1/2 doz. do. Bt. do. 3 9 3/4 1 1/2 Whale Bone 10 7 3/4 39 1/2 Yds. Broad Gold Lace 7 13 3/4 40 do. Narrow do. do. 5 14 2 1 3/4 Gro. Shirt Buttons 4 4 1/2 1/4 do. White Waistcoat do. 7 1/2 9 Ps. Tape 3 7 1/2 2 1/2 Gro. Horn Moulds 6 3/4 20 4 10 Thread viz. 11 lb Whited Brown 4 2 3 1/2 10 Colord 1 14 4 1/2 3 Card Nuns No. 36 11 3 1/2 2 Card do. 38 2 10 1/2 6 11 Serge viz. 3 Yards Blue Serge 17 6 3 3/4 do. Scarlet do. 1 7 4 6 do. Green Sagathy 17 3 1 10 Beer 1 Hhd. 3 16 9 Kersey 4 Yards Baize 7 10 Carried Over £ 1668 10 9 | The sales to the Company's servants continued from a running total of £1,626 18s 4d. Brought forward, £1,626 18s 4d 12 iron pots, weighing 493½ pounds, £5 2s 9d 5 earthenware milk pans, £0 7s 5d Sewing goods 64 skeins of silk, £1 17s 4d 23 skeins of mohair, £0 11s 6d 13¼ yards of white buckram, £0 16s 4½d 4 pairs of gold garters, £1 12s 6d 9 dozen mohair coat buttons, £0 6s 9d 13½ dozen mohair breast buttons, £0 3s 9¾d 1½ pounds of whalebone, £0 10s 7¾d 39½ yards of broad gold lace, £7 13s 0¾d 40 yards of narrow gold lace, £3 14s 2d 1¾ gross of shirt buttons, £0 4s 4½d ¼ gross of white waistcoat buttons, £0 0s 7½d 9 pieces of tape, £0 3s 7½d 2½ gross of horn button moulds, £0 6s 0¾d Total for sewing goods, £20 4s 10d Thread 11 pounds of whited brown thread, £4 2s 5½d 10 pounds of coloured thread, £1 14s 4½d 3 cards of number 36 nuns' thread, £0 11s 3½d 2 cards of number 38 nuns' thread, £0 2s 10½d Total for thread, £6 11s 0d Serge and woollens 3 yards of blue serge, £0 17s 6d 3½ yards of scarlet serge, £1 7s 4d 6 yards of green sagathy, £0 17s 0d Total for serge and woollens, £3 1s 10d 1 hogshead of beer, £3 16s 9d 4 yards of baize, £0 7s 10d Carried forward, £1,668 10s 9d Interpretations The servants bought nearly 80 yards of gold lace in the quarter to December 1769, worth over £11, on top of 48 yards in the quarter to September. Gold lace edged the coats and hats of the garrison's officers. Several new officers had been commissioned during the year, among them Charles Ross Stewart, William Caldwell, John Bazett, Thomas Statham, Robert Gosling and Richard Mason. Each needed a full dress uniform laced to his rank. The lace in the warehouse let them dress as officers on the island, at Company prices, without ordering from a London tailor and waiting a year for it to arrive. The hogshead of beer, at £3 16s 9d, held about 54 gallons. Beer did not keep well on the long voyage through the tropics, and most of what reached St Helena was strong porter or bottled ale. A whole hogshead bought by a single servant was probably for a household's Christmas, which fell at the height of the island's summer. | |
9 | 1770 Brought over £ 1666 10 9 Turners Ware viz. 22 paint Brushes 11 6 Plaistr. do. 6 1 1/2 5 Shoe do. 3 7 3/4 3 Buckle do. 1 1 Scouring do. 2 6 2 Skiming Dishes 9 3 Brooms 7 6 3 Flaskets 7 6 2 Wood Bowls 2 4 11 Punch Ladles 7 1 1/4 1 Labr. Basket 1 3 1/2 2 10 9 Pitch and Tar viz. 28 lb Pitch 3 6 13 3/4 Gall. Tar 11 5 67 Rozen 11 2 1 6 1 Nails viz. 17 lb 2 16 3 1/2 11 3 9 2 88 4 3 0 6 109 6 3 8 1 1/2 40 10 1 0 10 35 20 15 3 1/4 18 40 9 6 Glazg. Brads 11 52 Flooring do. 1 9 3 1/4 11 19 6 Pewter viz. 2 Basons 8 7 4 Chamb. pots 12 10 1 1 5 Carried over £ 1683 8 6 | The sales to the Company's servants continued from a running total of £1,666 10s 9d. Brought forward, £1,666 10s 9d Turned goods and brushes 22 paint brushes, £0 11s 0d 6 plasterer's brushes, £0 6s 1½d 5 shoe brushes, £0 3s 7¾d 3 buckle brushes, £0 1s 0d 1 scrubbing brush, £0 2s 6d 2 skimming dishes, £0 0s 9d 3 brooms, £0 7s 6d 3 flaskets, £0 7s 6d 2 wooden bowls, £0 2s 4d 11 punch ladles, £0 7s 1¼d 1 labourer's basket, £0 1s 3½d Total for turned goods and brushes, £2 10s 9d Pitch and tar 28 pounds of pitch, £0 3s 6d 13¾ gallons of tar, £0 11s 5d 67 pounds of rosin, £0 11s 2d Total for pitch and tar, £1 6s 1d Nails 17 pounds of twopenny nails, £0 16s 3½d 11 pounds of threepenny nails, £0 9s 2d 88 pounds of fourpenny nails, £3 0s 6d 109 pounds of sixpenny nails, £3 8s 1½d 40 pounds of tenpenny nails, £1 0s 10d 35 pounds of twentypenny nails, £0 15s 3¼d 18 pounds of fortypenny nails, £0 9s 0d 6 pounds of glazier's brads, £0 11s 0d 52 pounds of flooring brads, £1 9s 3¼d Total for nails, £11 19s 6d Pewter 2 basins, £0 8s 7d 4 chamber pots, £0 12s 10d Total for pewter, £1 1s 5d Carried forward, £1,683 3s 5d Interpretations The servants bought nearly 380 pounds of nails in the quarter to December 1769, three times what they had taken in the winter quarter. Flooring brads alone came to 52 pounds, enough to lay the boards of several rooms. With the hinges, locks, deals, oak plank and paint bought in the same months, the purchases point to building and refitting houses in the spring. Several officials were evidently putting up new rooms or whole houses, using the Company's stores at 10 per cent over cost to do it. The 11 punch ladles sold in the quarter matched the rise in the Governor's table's arrack and sugar candy. December brought the first homeward ships of the new season and the island's Christmas, and punch was the drink of every gathering. | |
10 | 15th January Brought Over £ 1683 8 6 Broad Cloth viz. Yds. 2 7/8 Blue 2 12 3/4 12 Black 10 11 6 6 5/8 Scarlet 7 5 9 1 Green 18 2 13 Lead Color 12 7 2 7/8 Pompadour 3 0 10 1/4 1 1/2 Dark Brown 1 8 6 38 3 10 Hosiers Ware viz. 197 Pr. Mens Ordinary thread Stockings 32 0 3 4 Pr. do. Wove do. 13 10 3 Pr. Boys do. 6 6 4 Pr. Girls do. 8 8 2 Pr. Black Worsted Breeches 19 6 34 10 9 Glass Ware viz. 113 Squares 6 by 8 2 9 2 80 8 by 10 2 18 8 17 10 by 12 1 0 6 1/2 5 10 by 13 6 9 1/4 2 10 by 16 2 9 7 12 by 22 11 8 1 11 1/2 by 19 1 6 3/4 2 Quart Decanters 3 2 2 pint do. 3 10 1/2 2 Candle shades 14 8 2 Tumblers 1 7 4 Beer Glasses 3 10 3 Wine Glasses 1 4 1/2 1 Hour Glass 9 1/2 1 Minute do. 9 8 16 2 Carr. Over £ 1764 19 3 | The sales to the Company's servants continued from a running total of £1,683 8s 6d. Brought forward, £1,683 8s 6d Broadcloth 2½ yards of blue broadcloth, £2 12s 0¾d 12 yards of black broadcloth, £10 11s 6d 6½ yards of scarlet broadcloth, £7 5s 9d 1 yard of green broadcloth, £0 18s 2d 13 yards of lead-coloured broadcloth, £12 7s 0d 2½ yards of pompadour broadcloth, £3 0s 10¼d 1½ yards of dark brown broadcloth, £1 8s 6d Total for broadcloth, £38 3s 10d Hosiery 197 pairs of men's ordinary thread stockings, £32 0s 3d 4 pairs of men's worsted stockings, £0 13s 10d 3 pairs of boys' stockings, £0 6s 6d 4 pairs of girls' stockings, £0 8s 8d 2 pairs of black worsted breeches, £0 19s 6d Total for hosiery, £34 10s 9d Glass 113 panes of window glass, 6 by 8 inches, £2 9s 2d 80 panes of window glass, 8 by 10 inches, £2 18s 8d 17 panes of window glass, 10 by 12 inches, £1 0s 6½d 3 panes of window glass, 10 by 13 inches, £0 6s 9¼d 2 panes of window glass, 10 by 16 inches, £0 2s 9d 7 panes of window glass, 12 by 22 inches, £0 11s 8d 1 pane of window glass, 11½ by 19 inches, £0 1s 6¾d 2 quart decanters, £0 5s 2d 2 pint decanters, £0 3s 10½d 2 candle shades, £0 14s 8d 2 tumblers, £0 1s 7d 4 beer glasses, £0 3s 10d 3 wine glasses, £0 1s 4½d 1 hourglass, £0 0s 9½d 1 minute glass, £0 0s 9d Total for glass, £8 16s 2d Carried forward, £1,764 19s 3d Interpretations The servants bought 12 yards of black broadcloth in the quarter to December 1769, the largest single colour on the list. Black was the colour of mourning. Richard Beale, judge advocate and schoolmaster for 45 years, died on 7 October 1769, and his family stood among the island's leading households. Black cloth was also worn for the deaths of Lieutenant Welch in August and of the Goodwin and Statham children in August and September. Twelve yards would make mourning coats for several men of a family and its connections. The 223 panes of window glass sold in the quarter, most of them in the small standard sizes, matched the nails, hinges and locks bought in the same months. Several houses were being built or reglazed during the spring, and the Company's stores supplied every pane at 10 per cent over cost. | |
11 | 1770 Brought over £ 1764 19 3 Tin Ware viz. 11 Lamps 10 1 6 Quart Saucepans 3 1 1/2 1 Pint do. 4 1 Gall. do. 3 1 3 Horn Lanthorns 9 9 1/4 2 Quart Funnels 1 1/2 5 Dripping Pans 10 1 1/4 1 17 7 Cutlery viz. 13 Pr. Leather Garters 8 11 1/4 16 Buckling Combs 3 4 20 Horn do. 3 1/2 3 Fine Ivory do. 9 1 1/2 1 doz. Stag Horn hand. Knives and Forks 11 1 1/2 7 Shoe Knives 2 9 1/2 2 2 4 Braziers Ware viz. 1 five Quart Tea Kettle 18 5 1/2 2 three do. do. 1 7 2 1/4 Brass Wire 10 1 Flat Candlestick 5 8 1/2 2 12 2 China Ware viz. 21 Saucers 7 3 1/2 3 Bowls 3 10 1/2 4 Sallad Dishes 2 5 9 Bakg. do. 8 3 3 Octagon Mt. do. 7 3 1/2 China Ware Carried over £ 1 9 3 1/2 Carried over £ 1771 11 4 | The sales to the Company's servants continued from a running total of £1,764 19s 3d. Brought forward, £1,764 19s 3d Tinware 11 lamps, £0 10s 1d 6 quart saucepans, £0 3s 1½d 1 pint saucepan, £0 0s 4d 1 gallon saucepan, £0 3s 1d 3 horn lanterns, £0 9s 9½d 2 quart funnels, £0 1s 0½d 3 dripping pans, £0 10s 1½d Total for tinware, £1 17s 7d Cutlery and combs 13 pairs of leather garters, £0 8s 11½d 16 buckling combs, £0 3s 4d 22 horn combs, £0 3s 0½d 3 fine ivory combs, £0 9s 1½d 1 dozen stag-horn-handled knives and forks, £0 11s 1½d 7 shoe knives, £0 2s 9½d Total for cutlery and combs, £2 2s 4d Brass and copper ware 1 tea kettle holding 5 quarts, £0 18s 5½d 2 tea kettles holding 3 quarts, £1 7s 2d ¼ pound of brass wire, £0 0s 10d 1 flat candlestick, £0 5s 8½d Total for brass and copper ware, £2 12s 2d China 21 saucers, £0 7s 3½d 3 bowls, £0 3s 10½d 4 salad dishes, £0 2s 5d 9 baking dishes, £0 8s 3d 3 octagonal meat dishes, £0 7s 3½d China carried forward, £1 9s 3½d Carried forward, £1,771 11s 4d Interpretations The servants bought three tea kettles in the quarter to December 1769, against one in the quarter to September. The warehouse had counted 21 kettles in store at the end of September, so this rate of sale would take seven years to clear the stock. Tea kettles of brass or copper were bought once and lasted a lifetime with occasional retinning. The Company had shipped out far more than the island's small official class could ever use. Household goods of this kind sat in the warehouse year after year, their value carried forward in every inventory as an asset that was in practice almost unsaleable. Dripping pans were set beneath meat roasting on a spit to catch the fat as it ran off. With the jack wheels and jack chains in store, they show that officials' kitchens roasted their meat before an open fire in the English manner, not stewed or boiled it as the island's planters and slaves more commonly did. | |
12 | 15th January Brought over £ 1771 11 4 China Ware brought over £ 1 9 3 1/2 1 Tea Pot 9 12 Octagon Soup plates 6 5 1 Milk Ewer 1 1 1/4 6 Half Pint Cups and Saucers 3 3 1/4 2 0 10 Corks viz. 2 Gro. Corks 6 7 1/2 1 Shut do. 10 1/2 7 6 Sailors Cloaths viz. 1 Pr. Boys Breeches 2 11 1/2 2 Boys Shirts 7 4 1/2 10 4 £ 1774 10 Sold to the Planters at 25 p Cent Blankets 6 Fine 3 18 9 Leather viz. 8 Sole Leather 9 10 2 Calf Skins 1 1 8 1 11 6 Canvas viz. 6 Yards English 9 9 25 do. Osenbrigs 1 5 1 14 9 Carried Over £ 7 5 | The sales to the Company's servants closed at £1,774 10s 0d. A second schedule then listed the goods sold to the planters at 25 per cent above cost. Brought forward, £1,771 11s 4d China brought forward, £1 9s 3½d 1 teapot, £0 0s 9d 12 octagonal soup plates, £0 6s 5d 1 milk jug, £0 1s 1¼d 6 half-pint cups and saucers, £0 3s 3¼d Total for china, £2 0s 10d Corks 2 gross of corks, £0 6s 7½d 1 sheet of cork, £0 0s 10½d Total for corks, £0 7s 6d Sailors' clothing 1 pair of boys' breeches, £0 2s 11½d 2 boys' shirts, £0 7s 4½d Total for sailors' clothing, £0 10s 4d Total sold to the Company's servants, £1,774 10s 0d Sold to the planters at 25 per cent above cost 6 fine blankets, £3 13s 9d Leather 8 pounds of sole leather, £0 9s 10d 2 calfskins, £1 1s 8d Total for leather, £1 11s 6d Canvas 6 yards of English canvas, £0 9s 9d 23 yards of osnaburg, £1 5s 0d Total for canvas, £1 14s 9d Carried forward, £7 0s 0d Interpretations The Company's servants bought £1,774 10s 0d of goods in the quarter to December 1769, close to the £1,949 7s 9d of the quarter before. Salt meat alone took £556, and baked bread £382. The servants' purchases ran at nearly £7,500 a year, more than twice the Company's whole wage bill for its civil and military establishment combined. Much of it must have passed to slaves, soldiers and households beyond the officials' own families. The 10 per cent rate made the official class the warehouse's principal customers and the main channel through which its goods reached the rest of the island. | |
13 | 1770 Brought over £ 7 5 Long Ells viz. 9 Yds. Blue 1 0 3 4 do. Scarlet 13 4 1 13 7 Shalloon viz. 2 1/2 Yards Colord 5 8 3/4 3 1/2 do. Scarlet 9 9 1/4 15 6 Kersey 9 Yards Baize 1 0 6 Hats 5 Mens 5 9 4 Thread viz. 1/2 Whited Brown 4 3 2 lb Colord 7 10 12 1 Long Cloth viz. 1 Ps. No. 8 3 8 11 1 Ps. 9 1 12 10 1 Ps. 10 1 7 10 6 9 7 Broad Cloth viz. 1 1/2 Green 1 3 2 1/2 12 1/2 Dark Brown 13 4 11 2 1/4 Lead Color 2 16 8 1/2 17 4 10 Shoes viz. 3 Pr. Mens Ordin. 1 8 7 1/4 3 Pr. do. Fine 1 0 7 1/4 3 Pr. do. Channel pumps 1 17 6 6 Pr. Fine do. 1 17 6 1 Pr. Girls Calimanco Shoes 3 9 6 8 Carried over £ 46 13 | The sales to the planters at 25 per cent above cost continued from a running total of £7 5s 0d. Brought forward, £7 5s 0d Long ells 9 yards of blue long ells, £1 0s 3d 4 yards of scarlet long ells, £0 13s 4d Total for long ells, £1 13s 7d Shalloon 2½ yards of coloured shalloon, £0 5s 8¾d 3½ yards of scarlet shalloon, £0 9s 9¼d Total for shalloon, £0 15s 6d 9 yards of baize, £1 0s 6d 3 men's hats, £3 9s 4d Thread ½ pound of whited brown thread, £0 4s 3d 2 pounds of coloured thread, £0 7s 10d Total for thread, £0 12s 1d Long cloth 1 piece of number 3, £3 8s 11d 1 piece of number 9, £1 12s 10d 1 piece of number 10, £1 7s 10d Total for long cloth, £6 9s 7d Broadcloth 1½ yards of green broadcloth, £1 3s 2½d 12½ yards of dark brown broadcloth, £13 4s 11d 2½ yards of lead-coloured broadcloth, £2 16s 8½d Total for broadcloth, £17 4s 10d Shoes 3 pairs of men's ordinary shoes, £1 2s 7¾d 3 pairs of men's fine shoes, £1 0s 7¼d 3 pairs of men's channel pumps, £1 1s 6d 6 pairs of men's fine pumps, £1 17s 6d 1 pair of girls' calamanco shoes, £0 3s 9d Total for shoes, £6 8s 0d Carried forward, £46 13s 0d Interpretations The planters bought 12½ yards of dark brown broadcloth in the quarter to December 1769, enough for four men's coats. Dark brown was the colour of a farmer's or tradesman's best coat in England, sober and hard-wearing, and the planters chose it again as they had in the quarter before. The Company's servants, by contrast, took black for mourning, lead colour, scarlet and blue. The cloth each group bought reflected the place it held: officials dressed for office and command, settlers for church and market. The planters paid 25 per cent over cost for their cloth and shoes, against the servants' 10. On 12½ yards of broadcloth, a settler paid nearly £2 more than an official would have for the same length. | |
14 | 15th January Brought over £ 46 13 Shirts 3 Yards Brown Holland 6 10 Haberdashery viz. 23 Skeins Silk 18 9 24 do. Mohair 14 1/4 Whale Bone 2 1 1/4 4 doz. Mohair Ct. Buttons 4 11 1/2 doz. do. Bt. do. 3 9 3/4 Yard white Buckram 1 1 1/4 2 5 9 Hosiers Ware viz. 1 Pr. Womens Stockings 3 3 1/2 4 Pr. Mens Ordinary Thd. Stockings 14 9 7 Pr. do. Wove do. 1 11 6 1/2 2 9 9 Sold at 40 p Cent Blankets 4 fine 2 19 4 Shalloon 15 Yards Colord 1 18 9 Kersey 12 Yards Baize 1 10 3 Haberdashery 1/4 gro. Narr. Worst. Lace 4 4 Broad Cloth viz. 2 7/8 Yards Dark Brown 3 6 6 3 1/2 do. Black 3 18 9 7 5 3 Serge 7 3/4 Yards Scarlet 3 12 Sugar and Candy viz. 243 Sugar 5 2 1 6 Candy 3 6 5 5 7 Flour 1043 lb 13 1 3 Carried Over £ 87 17 1 | The sales to the planters continued from a running total of £46 13s 0d, followed by a further list of goods sold to them at 40 per cent above cost. Brought forward, £46 13s 0d 3 yards of brown holland for shirts, £0 6s 10d Sewing goods 25 skeins of silk, £0 18s 9d 24 skeins of mohair, £0 14s 0d ¼ pound of whalebone, £0 2s 1¼d 4 dozen mohair coat buttons, £0 4s 0d 11½ dozen mohair breast buttons, £0 3s 9d ¾ yard of white buckram, £0 1s 1¼d Total for sewing goods, £2 3s 9d Hosiery 1 pair of women's stockings, £0 3s 3½d 4 pairs of men's ordinary thread stockings, £0 14s 9d 7 pairs of men's worsted stockings, £1 11s 6½d Total for hosiery, £2 9s 9d Sold to the planters at 40 per cent above cost 4 fine blankets, £2 19s 4d 15 yards of coloured shalloon, £1 18s 9d 12 yards of baize, £1 10s 3d ¼ gross of narrow worsted lace, £0 4s 4d Broadcloth 2¾ yards of dark brown broadcloth, £3 6s 6d 3½ yards of black broadcloth, £3 18s 9d Total for broadcloth, £7 5s 3d 7¾ yards of scarlet serge, £3 12s 0d Sugar and sugar candy 245 pounds of sugar, £5 2s 1d 6 pounds of sugar candy, £0 3s 6d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £5 5s 7d 1,045 pounds of flour, £13 1s 3d Carried forward, £87 17s 7d Interpretations The planters' purchases now ran at two mark-ups on the same goods. Blankets, shalloon, baize and broadcloth appeared at 25 per cent on the previous page and again here at 40 per cent. In the quarter to September, cloth had been sold to the planters at 25 per cent and food and hardware at 40. The doubling of the same goods under both rates suggests the warehouse charged the higher mark-up on stock from older shipments or on goods in short supply, while fresh stock went at the lower rate. A planter could pay very different prices for the same cloth depending on which bale it was cut from. The planters bought 1,045 pounds of flour at 40 per cent over cost. The Company's servants took over 20 tons as baked bread at 10 per cent in the same quarter. A settler's household on the island's farms baked its own bread, if it ate bread at all, while officials in James Town bought theirs ready baked from the Company's ovens. | |
15 | 1770 Brought over £ 87 17 1 Tea viz. 12 lb Bohea 12 6 5 lb Single 8 9 11 lb Congo 19 3 2 0 6 Rice Cwt. qrs. lb. 1 2 19 19 1 Salt 3 Bushells 12 9 Soap 14 lb 11 8 Candles 82 lb 13 3 1 Oil viz. 11 1/2 Gall. Train 2 12 8 1/2 9 3/4 do. Linseed 2 14 1/2 1/2 do. Oil of Turpentine 4 2 4 Bottles Florence 14 11 6 6 4 Grindstones 1 3 11 Starch 1 lb 10 Twine 3 Skeins 4 2 Cordage 30 lb 14 4 Coffee 22 lb 1 5 8 Pepper 1 lb 9 Tar 1/4 3 Paint viz. 4 Indico 9 0 9 Ven. Red mixed 6 6 1/2 63 White Lead dry 1 11 1 1/2 3 Barrl. Blacking 2 3 1/4 3 Yellow Oaker dry 1 3 1/4 Copperas 1 3/4 14 Stone Color 10 6 4 Olive do. 10 5 7 Red Lead 2 9 7 Whiting 4 1/2 3 16 4 Carried over £ 117 16 9 | The sales to the planters at 40 per cent above cost continued from a running total of £87 17s 1d. Brought forward, £87 17s 1d Tea 12 pounds of bohea tea, £0 12s 6d 3 pounds of singlo tea, £0 8s 9d 11 pounds of congou tea, £0 19s 3d Total for tea, £2 0s 6d 1 hundredweight 2 quarters 19 pounds of rice, £0 19s 1d 3 bushels of salt, £0 12s 9d 14 pounds of soap, £0 11s 8d 82 pounds of candles, £13 3s 1d Oil 11½ gallons of train oil, £2 12s 8½d 9¼ gallons of linseed oil, £2 14s 0½d ½ gallon of oil of turpentine, £0 4s 7d 4 bottles of Florence oil, £0 14s 11d Total for oil, £6 6s 4d 1 grindstone, £0 3s 11d 7 pounds of starch, £0 0s 10d 3 skeins of twine, £0 4s 7d 30 pounds of cordage, £0 14s 4d 22 pounds of coffee, £1 3s 8d 1 pound of pepper, £0 0s 9d ½ gallon of tar, £0 0s 3d Paint 4 pounds of indigo, £0 9s 9d 9 pounds of Venetian red, mixed, £0 6s 6¾d 63 pounds of white lead, dry, £1 11s 1¾d 3 pounds of blacking in barrels, £0 2s 3¾d 3 pounds of yellow ochre, dry, £0 1s 3d ¾ pound of copperas, £0 1s 0¾d 14 pounds of stone colour, £0 10s 6d 4 pounds of olive colour, £0 10s 5d 7 pounds of red lead, £0 2s 9d 7 pounds of whiting, £0 0s 0¾d Total for paint, £3 16s 4d Carried forward, £117 16s 9d Interpretations The planters bought 82 pounds of candles in the quarter, at 40 per cent over cost, for £13 3s 1d. That came to over 3s a pound, a high price for light on a farm. Most settlers lit their houses with train oil burned in simple lamps, as the 11½ gallons bought alongside show. Candles were kept for evenings when guests came, for church and for reading. A planter's household could not afford to burn tallow every night, while the Company's servants drew the same candles at little more than cost. The paint the planters bought, including white lead, stone colour and olive, matched the servants' purchases in kind but not in quantity. Settlers painted their houses less often and in smaller amounts, and only the frames, doors and shutters most exposed to the weather. | |
16 | 15th January Brought over £ 117 16 9 Cutlery Ware viz. 6 Buckling Combs 2 9 3 Horn do. 10 1/2 3 Fine Ivory do. 11 9 1 Shoe Knife 3 1/2 15 10 Glass Ware viz. 20 Squares 8 by 10 16 8 13 10 12 1 0 7 3 6 8 1 7 1/2 6 Tumblers 6 3 4 Minute Glasses 3 10 2 Hour do. 1 10 1/2 2 10 10 Deals 3 Baulks 1 17 3 Earthen Ware 2 Milkpans 3 10 China Ware viz. 12 Saucers 5 9 2 Bowls 3 4 9 1 Nails viz. 2 lb 2 2 6 1/2 3 6 2 3 1/4 2 10 1 5 1 20 4 1/4 6 11 Hooks and Lines viz. 150 No. 1 30 14 50 15 30 10 200 16 25 9 Hooks 16 7 1/2 Carried over £ 124 17 1 1/2 | The sales to the planters at 40 per cent above cost continued from a running total of £117 16s 9d. Brought forward, £117 16s 9d Cutlery and combs 6 buckling combs, £0 2s 9d 3 horn combs, £0 0s 10½d 3 fine ivory combs, £0 11s 9d 1 shoe knife, £0 0s 5½d Total for cutlery and combs, £0 15s 10d Glass 20 panes of window glass, 8 by 10 inches, £0 16s 8d 15 panes of window glass, 10 by 12 inches, £1 0s 7d 3 panes of window glass, 6 by 8 inches, £0 1s 7½d 6 tumblers, £0 6s 3d 4 minute glasses, £0 3s 10d 2 hourglasses, £0 1s 10½d Total for glass, £2 10s 10d 3 baulks of timber, £1 17s 3d 2 earthenware milk pans, £0 3s 10d China 12 saucers, £0 5s 9d 2 bowls, £0 3s 4d Total for china, £0 9s 1d Nails 2 pounds of twopenny nails, £0 2s 6½d 3 pounds of sixpenny nails, £0 2s 3¼d 2 pounds of tenpenny nails, £0 1s 5d 1 pound of twentypenny nails, £0 0s 4½d Total for nails, £0 6s 11d Hooks 150 number 1 hooks 30 number 14 hooks 30 number 15 hooks 30 number 10 hooks 200 number 16 hooks 25 number 9 hooks Total for hooks, £0 16s 7½d Carried forward, £124 17s 1½d Interpretations The planters bought four minute glasses and two hourglasses in the quarter. A minute glass timed the log line at sea, but on land it had other uses. On a farm, hourglasses measured the working day for hired labour and slaves, and timed tasks such as boiling and brewing. On an island where few planters owned a clock or a watch, a sandglass was the only measure of time between the sound of the Castle's bell and the noon gun. The fish hooks bought by the planters, 465 in all, were a fraction of the thousands taken by the Company's slaves and servants. Settlers living inland, on the uplands far from the sea, fished less than the households of James Town, whose slaves could go down to the rocks each day. | |
17 | 1770 Brought over £ 124 17 1 1/2 30 No. 2 30 3 1 Hambro Lines 1 8 9 1/2 Iron Ware viz. 1/4 Tinnd Tacks 9 1/2 1 Pad Lock 2 2 3 Scythe stones 9 3/4 3 Pr. Sheep Shears 6 6 1 Brick Layers Trowel 1 11 1/4 4 Bitts for a dowling Stock 1 10 12 Sail Needles 1 6 2 Drill Bows 6 4 1 Large Frying Pan 3 9 1/4 1 Claw Hammer 2 2 1/2 1 Iron rimd Lock with Brass Knobs 8 7 3/4 1 Pr. Dove Tail Hinges 3 1/2 1 19 Pewter viz. 2 Basons 10 11 1/2 1 Pt. Pot 2 9 1/2 13 9 Turners Ware viz. 6 Paint Brushes 4 1 1/2 1 Skimming Dish 3 1/2 4 7 Tin Ware viz. 3 Horn Lanthorns 12 7 1/2 1 Lamp 1 2 1 Pt. Saucepan 3 1/2 3 Glass Lanthorns 3d. size 1 1 5 1 do. do. do. 2 5 5 2 1 4 Braziers Ware Three Qt. Tea Kettle 17 4 Books 1 Common Prayer 7 £ 132 8 11 | The sales to the planters at 40 per cent above cost continued from a running total of £124 17s 1½d. Brought forward, £124 17s 1½d Lines 30 number 2 lines 30 number 3 lines 1 hambro line Total for lines, £1 8s 9½d Ironmongery ¼ pound of tinned tacks, £0 0s 9½d 1 padlock, £0 2s 2d 3 scythe stones, £0 0s 9¾d 3 pairs of sheep shears, £0 6s 6d 1 bricklayer's trowel, £0 1s 11¾d 4 bits for a dowelling stock, £0 1s 10d 12 sail needles, £0 1s 6d 2 drill bows, £0 6s 4d 1 large frying pan, £0 3s 9¾d 1 claw hammer, £0 2s 2½d 1 iron rim lock with a brass knob, £0 8s 7¾d 1 pair of dovetail hinges, £0 0s 3½d Total for ironmongery, £1 19s 0d Pewter 2 basins, £0 10s 11½d 1 pair of salts, £0 2s 9½d Total for pewter, £0 13s 9d Turned goods 6 paint brushes, £0 4s 1½d 1 skimming dish, £0 0s 3½d Total for turned goods, £0 4s 7d Tinware 3 horn lanterns, £0 12s 7½d 1 lamp, £0 1s 2d 1 pint saucepan, £0 0s 3½d 3 glass lanterns, £1 1s 5d 1 glass lantern, £0 3s 3d Total for tinware, £2 1s 4d 1 tea kettle holding 3 quarts, £0 17s 4d 1 Book of Common Prayer, £0 7s 0d Carried forward, £132 8s 11d Interpretations A planter bought a three-quart tea kettle in the quarter, at 40 per cent over cost. Tea had become a settled habit among the island's farming families as well as its officials, and a kettle was the first piece of equipment a household needed to make it. The planters bought 26 pounds of tea in the quarter, enough for a few households to drink it daily. In England at this date, tea was spreading fast among farmers and labourers despite its cost, and St Helena's settlers followed the same habit at Company prices. The three pairs of sheep shears matched the 10 pairs bought by the servants. The southern-hemisphere spring was shearing time, when the fleeces were at their heaviest before the summer heat. | |
18 | 15th January Damaged Goods Sold at Auction viz. Sailors Cloaths viz. 42 Mens Jackets 3 14 6 2 Pr. Boys Breeches 4 6 3 19 Hosiers Ware 2 Pr. Buff Wor. Breeches 14 3 Soldiers Cloaths 1 Pr. Drumrs. do. 3 3 17 6 £ 4 16 6 Sold to the Honble. Companys Ships from the 1st of Octr. to the 31st December 1769 Twine 60 Skeins 2 17 9 Pitch and Tar viz. 4 Barrls. Pitch 6 4 8 1 do. Tar 1 11 7 15 8 Paint viz. 22 Barrls. Blacking 16 11 28 lb Red Lead 11 1 1 lb Vermillion 7 10 1 15 10 Turners Ware viz. 4 Paint Brushes 3 4 2 Punch Ladles 1 8 5 China Ware 30 Octagon soup plates 1 1 5 Carried over £ 13 15 6 | A further schedule recorded the damaged goods sold at auction, and another the stores sold to the Company's ships between 1 October and 31 December 1769. Damaged goods sold at auction Sailors' clothing 42 men's jackets, £3 14s 6d 2 pairs of boys' breeches, £0 4s 6d Total for sailors' clothing, £3 19s 0d 2 pairs of buff worsted breeches, £0 14s 3d 1 pair of drummers' breeches, £0 3s 3d Total for hosiery and soldiers' clothing, £0 17s 6d Total for damaged goods, £4 16s 6d Sold to the Company's ships 66 skeins of twine, £2 17s 9d Pitch and tar 4 barrels of pitch, £6 4s 8d 1 barrel of tar, £1 11s 0d Total for pitch and tar, £7 15s 8d Paint 22 pounds of blacking in barrels, £0 16s 11d 28 pounds of red lead, £0 11s 1d 1 pound of vermilion, £0 7s 10d Total for paint, £1 15s 10d Turned goods 4 paint brushes, £0 3s 4d 2 punch ladles, £0 1s 8d Total for turned goods, £0 5s 0d 30 octagonal soup plates, £1 1s 5d Carried forward, £13 15s 6d Interpretations The 42 sailors' jackets, 2 pairs of boys' breeches, 2 pairs of buff breeches and 1 pair of drummers' breeches sold at auction were the very items the inventory of 30 September 1769 had marked as damaged. Damaged stock could not be issued to the garrison or slaves, nor sold to servants at the fixed mark-up, since no one would pay full price for it. The Council put it up at public auction instead, where buyers set the price. The 42 jackets fetched £3 14s 6d, against £12 6s 3d in the inventory valuation, a loss of two-thirds. The auction cleared useless stock from the books and turned it into whatever cash it would bring. The Company's ships bought little in the quarter to December 1769: pitch, tar, twine and paint for running repairs. The homeward season had barely begun, and the first China ship, the Ponsborne, did not arrive until January 1770. | |
19 | 1770 Brought Over £ 13 15 8 Lines 8 Log 12 Steel 4 3/4 lb 2 5 Iron Ware viz. 30 Sail Needles 3 2 2 Bitts for a dowling stock 11 4 1 Oil 8 Gallons Linseed 2 4 8 Nails viz. 4 lb 6d. 10 4 16 20 1 Glazing Brads 3 Coopers Rivets 1 5 6 Glass Ware 12 Squares 10 by 12 19 Pork 1 Hhd. 14 14 2 Flour 1076 lb 14 11 5 £ 48 8 11 | The stores sold to the Company's ships continued from a running total of £13 15s 8d and closed at £48 8s 11d. Brought forward, £13 15s 8d 8 log lines, £0 12s 0d 4¾ pounds of steel, £0 2s 5d Ironmongery 30 sail needles, £0 3s 2d 2 bits for a dowelling stock, £0 0s 11d Total for ironmongery, £0 4s 1d 8 gallons of linseed oil, £2 4s 8d Nails 4 pounds of sixpenny nails 10 pounds of fourpenny nails 16 pounds of twentypenny nails 1 pound of glazier's brads 3 pounds of cooper's rivets Total for nails, £1 5s 6d 12 panes of window glass, 10 by 12 inches, £0 19s 0d 1 hogshead of pork, £14 14s 2d 1,076 pounds of flour, £14 11s 5d Total sold to the Company's ships, £48 8s 11d Interpretations The Company's ships bought only £48 8s 11d of stores in the quarter to December 1769, against £213 15s 2d in the quarter to September and £228 15s 7d in the quarter to June. The homeward season had not yet begun, and most of the ships that called were outward bound, fully provisioned from England. Their wants were small: flour, a hogshead of pork, oil, nails and glass for running repairs. The warehouse earned most from passing ships in the months between April and September, when Indiamen arrived from the East short of stores after long passages. The 8 log lines bought in one quarter show how fast this small gear wore out. The log line ran out over the stern every two hours, day and night, to measure the ship's speed. Salt water, friction and the drag of the log chip frayed it until the knots marking each measured length could no longer be trusted. | |
20 | 15th January Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of Octr. to the 31st of Decem. 1769 Coals 113 Bushels for the Smiths Shop 6 0 1 Arrack 103 Gall. for Sundrys Doctors Shop and Men employed in the stores 15 8 5 Challows 2 Ps. for Rubb. for the Castle 16 6 Candles viz. 25 lb Doctors Shop 30 Chaplain 123 Castle 100 Council 38 12 1 Soap 150 lb for Linnen 4 7 6 Starch 23 lb do. 7 1 Nails viz. 2 lb 3 3 4 12 Coopers Rivets for the Carpr. Shop 1 8 1/2 3 6 6 1/2 13 3 Paint viz. 16 lb Whiting for clean. Castle plate 4 8 Blue Smalts 12 Indico for Linnen 13 6 1 0 3 1 14 1 Haberdashery 1 Sk. Silk for the Trade 6 Iron Ware viz. 24 Masons Hammr. Helves 2 Axes do. 36 Files for the Smiths Shop 7 4 8 13 9 Iron Ware Carried over £ 1 7 5 Carried over £ 68 0 0 | The Company's general expense account was charged with the stores issued for its own use between 1 October and 31 December 1769. 113 bushels of coal for the smiths' shop, £6 0s 1d 105 gallons of arrack for the doctor's shop and the men working in the stores, £15 8s 5d 2 pieces of chelloes for rubbing cloths for the Castle, £0 16s 6d Candles 25 pounds for the doctor's shop 30 pounds for the chaplain 133 pounds for the Castle 100 pounds for the Council Total for candles, £38 12s 1d 150 pounds of soap for washing linen, £4 7s 6d 23 pounds of starch, £0 7s 1d Nails for the carpenters' shop 2 pounds of threepenny nails, £0 1s 8½d 3 pounds of fourpenny nails, £0 3s 0d 12 pounds of cooper's rivets, £0 6s 6½d Total for nails, £0 11s 3d Paint 16 pounds of whiting for cleaning the Castle plate, £0 4s 0d 8 pounds of blue smalt for linen, £0 13s 6d 12 pounds of indigo for linen, £1 0s 3d Total for paint, £1 17s 9d 1 skein of silk for the [...], £0 0s 6d Ironmongery for the smiths' shop 24 masons' hammer handles, £0 7s 0d 2 axes, £0 4s 8d 36 files, £0 13s 9d Ironmongery carried forward, £1 5s 5d Carried forward, £68 0s 0d Interpretations The whiting issued for cleaning the Castle plate shows that the Governor's table was set with silver or plated ware that had to be kept bright. Whiting, finely ground chalk, was mixed into a paste and rubbed on with a soft cloth to polish silver without scratching it. The chelloes issued for rubbing cloths served the same purpose. The plated candlesticks and ivory-handled cutlery charged to the Castle earlier in the year belonged to the same display. A gleaming table for visiting commanders and passengers was part of how the Governor upheld the Company's standing at its most visited station. The candles burned in the quarter to December 1769 fell to 288 pounds, from 482 pounds in the quarter to September. The southern-hemisphere spring brought longer days, and the Castle and the Council needed far fewer hours of candlelight. The arrack issued to the doctor's shop and the stores rose again, to 105 gallons, as the men worked harder to receive and stow the first cargoes of the new season. | |
21 | 1770 Brought Over £ 68 Iron Ware Brought Over £ 1 7 5 1 Maul 6 Rubber Files 2 Farriers Rasps 1/4 Borax 2 Hand Bench Hammrs. 2 Sheets sand paper 1 Blue Casting Pot for ye Smiths Shop 9 7 1/4 1 12 1 10 3 6 1/4 3 11 1/2 2 9 1/2 2 Joiners Rubstones 1 Hand Saw 1 Tenon do. for ye Carpr. Shop 3 3 1/2 7 5 7 4 2 Coopers Vices 1 Rag stone for the Coopers Shop 1 1 1/2 4 1/4 1 Mouse Trap 1 Pr. Hand Bellows for the Castle 7 1/4 3 8 5 3 3 Twine viz. 4 Skeins Twine Store Use 2 1 1 Cotton wick Castle 2 10 4 11 Canvas viz. 1 1/2 Yards Ticklenburgs 4 1/2 do. Osnabrigs for Packets 1 3 1/4 3 2 27 do. English Canvas for Hose for the Crane and Castle 1 14 10 1/4 1 19 4 Long Cloth 1 Ps. No. 9 for Rubbers 1 6 3 Oil viz. 1/2 Gall. Linseed 19 do. Train for ye Castle and Lieut. Govr. House 6 3 1 9 3 Bottles Florence Smiths Shop 7 11 3 10 2 Carried over £ 80 5 11 | The Company's general expense account continued from a running total of £68 0s 0d. Brought forward, £68 0s 0d Ironmongery brought forward, £1 7s 5d For the smiths' shop 1 maul, £0 9s 7¼d 6 rubber files, £1 12s 0d 2 farrier's rasps, £0 1s 10d ¼ pound of borax, £0 3s 6¼d 2 hand bench hammers, £0 3s 11½d 2 sheets of sandpaper, £0 0s 2d 1 blue casting pot, £0 0s 9½d For the carpenters' shop 2 joiners' rubstones, £0 5s 5½d 1 hand saw, £0 7s 5d 1 tenon saw, £0 7s 4d For the coopers' shop 2 cooper's vices, £0 1s 1½d 1 ragstone, £0 0s 4¼d For the Castle 1 mousetrap, £0 0s 7¼d 1 pair of hand bellows, £0 3s 8d Total for ironmongery, £5 3s 3d Twine 4 skeins of twine for the stores, £0 2s 1d 1 pound of cotton wick for the Castle, £0 2s 10d Total for twine, £0 4s 11d Canvas 1½ yards of ticklenburg for the packets, £0 1s 3¾d 4½ yards of osnaburg for the packets, £0 3s 2d 27 yards of English canvas for a hose for the crane and for the Castle, £1 14s 10¼d Total for canvas, £1 19s 4d 1 piece of number 9 long cloth for rubbing cloths, £1 6s 3d Oil ½ gallon of linseed oil for the Castle, £0 0s 6d 19 gallons of train oil for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, £3 1s 9d 3 bottles of Florence oil for the smiths' shop, £0 7s 11d Total for oil, £3 10s 2d Carried forward, £80 5s 11d Interpretations Canvas was issued to make a hose for the crane. The crane at the landing place in James Town lifted stores and casks from the boats onto the wharf. Its hose was a canvas sleeve sewn around the rope where it ran over the jib, which stopped the hemp chafing through against the iron. Canvas cost far less than new rope, and the crane drew 133 pounds of cordage in the quarter to September. Protecting the working rope saved the Company more than the canvas cost. The 27 yards of English canvas also went to the Castle, probably for awnings or window blinds against the stronger sun of the coming summer. A whole piece of long cloth was cut into rubbing cloths for the Castle in addition to the two pieces of chelloes. Polishing the Governor's plate, brass and furniture for visiting commanders used cloth by the bolt. | |
22 | 15th January Brought over £ 80 5 11 Glass Ware viz. 13 Wine Glasses 12 Beer do. 1 Qt. Decanter for the Castle 7 6 10 3 2 4 1 0 1 China Ware viz. 4 Bowls 6 Saucers 6 Baking Dishes 6 Half Pt. Cups and Saucers Castle 4 8 1 10 1/2 5 2 11 1/2 14 6 Tin Ware viz. 3 Quart Saucepans 1 Pt. do. 1 Large Glass Lanthorn Castle 1 4 1/2 3 1/2 3 0 3/4 4 Solder 1/2 Salammoniac Tinng. Castle Furnitr. 3 8 1 6 1/4 11 11 Pewter 2 Basons for the Castle 7 10 Tea 7 lb Bohea for the Groom and Gardr. 4 10 Candy 56 lb do. Dr. Shop 1 15 10 Braziers Ware viz. 1 Pr. Candlesticks 2 Pr. do. 17/6 9 Pr. do. 8/10 2 five Qt. Tea Kettles Castle 11 6 1 15 3 19 6 1 13 7 7 19 7 Iron 77 lb for the Smiths Shop 14 5 Iron Pots 1 Wt. 28 lb for the Castle 5 3 Carried over £ 94 0 2 | The Company's general expense account continued from a running total of £80 5s 11d. Brought forward, £80 5s 11d Glass for the Castle 18 wine glasses, £0 7s 6d 12 beer glasses, £0 10s 3d 1 quart decanter, £0 2s 4d Total for glass, £1 0s 1d China for the Castle 4 bowls, £0 4s 8d 6 saucers, £0 1s 10½d 6 baking dishes, £0 5s 0d 6 half-pint cups and saucers, £0 2s 11½d Total for china, £0 14s 6d Tinware 3 quart saucepans for the Castle, £0 1s 4½d 1 pint saucepan for the Castle, £0 0s 3½d 1 large glass lantern for the Castle, £0 5s 0¾d 4 pounds of solder for retinning the Castle's kitchenware, £0 3s 8d ½ pound of sal ammoniac for retinning the Castle's kitchenware, £0 1s 6¾d Total for tinware, £0 11s 11d 2 pewter basins for the Castle, £0 7s 10d 7 pounds of bohea tea for the groom and the gardener, £0 4s 10d 86 pounds of sugar candy for the groom, the gardener and the doctor's shop, £1 15s 10d Brass ware for the Castle 1 pair of candlesticks, £0 11s 6d 2 pairs of candlesticks at 17s 6d a pair, £1 15s 0d 9 pairs of candlesticks at 8s 10d a pair, £3 19s 6d 2 tea kettles holding 5 quarts, £1 13s 7d Total for brass ware, £7 19s 7d 77 pounds of iron for the smiths' shop, £0 14s 5d 1 iron pot, weighing 28 pounds, for the Castle, £0 5s 3d Carried forward, £94 0s 2d Interpretations The Castle took 12 pairs of brass candlesticks and two large tea kettles in the quarter to December 1769, worth nearly £8 together. In the quarter to September, the warehouse had counted 14 pairs of candlesticks and 21 tea kettles in store, goods that sold to servants and planters only one or two at a time. Issuing a large part of that stock to the Castle cleared slow-moving goods from the warehouse and charged them to the Company's own expense account. The Governor's household received a new set of candlesticks for its rooms, ahead of the season when the Castle would be full of guests from the homeward ships. | |
23 | 1770 Brought over £ 94 0 2 Books 1 Folio Common Prayer for ye Church 2 9 6 Corks viz. 1 1/2 Gro. for the Castle 4 6 1/2 Shut for the doctors Shop 5 4 11 Lead 6 lb Shot for the Castle 1 2 Turners Ware viz. 3 Scrubing Brushes 3 Hair Brooms 13 Mops 2 Flaskets 2 Labr. Baskets 3 Birch Brooms 2 Shoe Brushes 6 Punch Ladles Castle 6 9 1/4 6 9 1/4 16 9 1/2 4 6 1/2 2 3 2 1 1 3 1/2 3 6 2 4 1 Thread 12 Card No. 36 do. 1 5 Cutlery Ware 2 doz. Ivory Hand. Knives and Forks 2 19 8 Hooks and Lines viz. 36 No. 2 1 3 2 Log 125 No. 1 Hooks 150 16 25 10 25 15 for the Govr. and Lieut. Govern. Fishermen 10 6 4 1/2 2 6 4 1/2 9 1/2 3 2 1/2 1 0 8 Cart Wheels 2 Wheel Barrows 1 0 10 £ 105 6 | The Company's general expense account continued from a running total of £94 0s 2d and closed at £105 6s 0d. Brought forward, £94 0s 2d 1 folio Book of Common Prayer for the church, £2 9s 6d Corks 1½ gross of corks for the Castle, £0 4s 6d ½ sheet of cork for the doctor's shop, £0 0s 5d Total for corks, £0 4s 11d 6 pounds of lead shot for the Castle, £0 1s 2d Turned goods for the Castle 3 scrubbing brushes, £0 6s 9¼d 3 hair brooms, £0 6s 9¼d 13 mops, £0 16s 9½d 2 flaskets, £0 4s 6½d 2 labourers' baskets, £0 2s 3d 3 birch brooms, £0 2s 1d 2 shoe brushes, £0 1s 3½d 6 punch ladles, £0 3s 6d Total for turned goods, £2 4s 1d 12 cards of number 36 nuns' thread, £1 5s 0d 2 dozen ivory-handled knives and forks, £2 19s 7d Hooks and lines for the fishermen of the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor 36 number 2 lines, £0 10s 6d 1 number 3 line, £0 0s 4½d 2 log lines, £0 2s 0d 125 number 1 hooks, £0 6s 4½d 150 number 16 hooks, £0 0s 9½d 25 number 10 hooks, £0 0s 5d 25 number 15 hooks, £0 0s 2½d Total for hooks and lines, £1 0s 8d 2 wheelbarrows, £1 0s 10d Total for general expenses, £105 6s 0d Interpretations The fishermen of both the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor drew new tackle in the quarter to December 1769. In the winter quarter only the Lieutenant Governor's boat had been supplied. Spring brought calmer seas around the island and the return of the fish to the inshore grounds. Both boats went out again, and the Company's general account bore the cost of their lines and hooks, as it had done for the Governor's table since the spring of 1769. The folio Book of Common Prayer for the church was the large edition for the reading desk, from which the chaplain led the services. It cost £2 9s 6d, the price of half a year's pay for a labourer in England. The Company furnished the church at its own expense, as it did the Castle, the hospital and the prison. Two dozen ivory-handled knives and forks were issued to the Castle in the same quarter, ready for the dinners of the coming season. | |
24 | 15th January Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st of December 1769 Cordage 41 lb for making Scaffolds for the Lieut. Govr. House 12 10 Candles 4 lb for the Castle 9 1 Twine 1 Skein Ticking 1 Yard do. 6 3 2 Coals 2 Bushels for casting Lead 2 2 Arrack 1/2 Gall. for Kill. Colors 5 Deals viz. 61 Double Deals 23 Single do. 10 Baulks 2 Euffers 1/2 Wainscot Board Castle and Lieut. Govr. House 9 10 7 1/2 2 5 1/2 4 8 4 6 6 3 4 16 13 10 Nails viz. 26 lb 2 47 3 32 4 32 6 23 10 23 20 21 40 6 Spikes 3 1/2 Glazg. Brads 10 Flooring do. for the Castle 1 1 4 1/4 1 15 3 1 18 10 6 1/2 9 1 1 2 3 3/4 1 10 1/2 3 10 3 7 9 3 Oil 17 Gall. Linseed for the Castle and Lieut. Govr. House 3 7 4 Carried over £ 28 18 7 | The repairs account was charged with the stores issued for repairs between 1 October and 31 December 1769. 41 pounds of cordage for making scaffolds at the Lieutenant Governor's house, £0 12s 10d 4 pounds of candles for the Castle, £0 9s 1d 1 skein of twine for the Castle, £0 0s 6d 1 yard of ticking for the Castle, £0 3s 2d 2 bushels of coal for casting lead, £0 2s 2d ½ gallon of arrack for the [...], £0 0s 5d Timber for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house 67 double deals, £9 10s 7½d 23 single deals, £2 5s 0½d 10 baulks of timber, £4 8s 4d 2 [...], £0 6s 6d ½ wainscot board, £0 3s 4d Total for timber, £16 13s 10d Nails for the Castle 26 pounds of twopenny nails, £1 1s 4¼d 47 pounds of threepenny nails, £1 15s 3d 32 pounds of fourpenny nails, £1 0s 0d 32 pounds of sixpenny nails, £0 18s 0d 23 pounds of tenpenny nails, £0 10s 6½d 23 pounds of twentypenny nails, £0 9s 1d 21 pounds of fortypenny nails, £1 2s 3¾d 6 pounds of spike nails, £0 1s 10½d 3½ pounds of glazier's brads, £0 3s 10d 10 pounds of flooring brads, £0 3s 0d Total for nails, £7 9s 3d 17 gallons of linseed oil for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, £3 7s 4d Carried forward, £28 18s 7d Interpretations The Lieutenant Governor's house drew rope for scaffolding and, with the Castle, 90 deals and 10 baulks of timber in the quarter. Its repairs had been under way since the order of 2 March 1767, and they continued every quarter through 1769, with sheet lead, hinges, sash line and now heavy framing timber. Scaffolding meant work high on the walls or roof. Together with the large issue of nails and flooring brads, the timber points to the upper storey or roof of the house being rebuilt, not merely patched. Daniel Corneille had lived in it since May 1769, and the Company was meeting the whole cost of making it fit for him. | |
25 | 1770 Brought over £ 28 18 7 Lines viz. 6 No. 4 1 Hambro for the Castle 2 3 1 6 3 9 Glass Ware viz. 1 Square 14 1/4 by 13 3 do. 8 by 10 Castle 1 4 1 9 3 1 Iron Ware viz. 2 Stock Locks 1 Lathing Hammer 4 Plaistr. Trowels 4 Pr. Dove Tail Hinges 1/4 Brass pins for Escutt. 1 Iron rimd Lock A 1 doz. Wood Screws for the Castle and Lieut. Govr. House 5 5 1 8 6 8 1 2 1 1 1/4 1 0 2 1/2 4 1/2 1 16 7 Paint viz. 6 lb Verdigrease 143 White Lead dry 1 Umber 46 Whiting 74 Blue paint 18 Ven. Red mixd. 139 Chalk 1/2 Copperas 3 Barrels Blacking do. 1 3 6 2 4 8 1/2 2 11 1/2 8 3 5 8 7 1/2 3 4 6 1 6 1/2 12 6 9 Pitch and Tar 6 lb Rozin Castle 11 Tin Ware 1 double Sheet Tin do. 8 Carried Over £ 43 10 4 | The repairs account continued from a running total of £28 18s 7d. Brought forward, £28 18s 7d Lines for the Castle 6 number 4 lines, £0 2s 3d 1 hambro line, £0 1s 6d Total for lines, £0 3s 9d Glass for the Castle 1 pane of window glass, 14¼ by 13 inches, £0 1s 4d 3 panes of window glass, 8 by 10 inches, £0 1s 9d Total for glass, £0 3s 1d Ironmongery for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house 2 stock locks, £0 5s 5d 1 lathing hammer, £0 1s 8d 4 plasterer's trowels, £0 6s 8d 4 pairs of dovetail hinges, £0 1s 2d ¼ pound of brass pins for escutcheons, £0 1s 1¼d 1 iron rim lock, size A, £1 0s 2½d 1 dozen wood screws, £0 0s 4½d Total for ironmongery, £1 16s 7d Paint for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house 6 pounds of verdigris, £1 3s 6d 143 pounds of white lead, dry, £2 4s 8½d 1 pound of umber, £0 0s 2d 46 pounds of whiting, £0 0s 11½d 74 pounds of blue paint, £8 3s 5d 18 pounds of Venetian red, mixed, £0 8s 7½d 139 pounds of chalk, £0 3s 4d ½ pound of copperas, £0 0s 6d 3 pounds of blacking in barrels, £0 1s 6½d Total for paint, £12 6s 9d 6 pounds of rosin for the Castle, £0 0s 11d 1 double sheet of tin for the Castle, £0 0s 8d Carried forward, £43 10s 4d Interpretations The Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house took 74 pounds of blue paint in the quarter, at a cost of £8 3s 5d. Blue was the dearest colour in the warehouse, and this one issue cost more than all the other paints together. The officials buying paint for their own houses that quarter had taken only 29 pounds of blue between them. Painting the doors, shutters or rooms of the two senior residences in blue was a deliberate display of the Company's wealth and the standing of its Governor and Lieutenant Governor. Both houses were being finished for the season when commanders and passengers would call. The 139 pounds of chalk issued with the paint was for mixing distemper, a cheap wash of chalk, size and water used on interior walls and ceilings. Expensive oil paint went on woodwork exposed to the weather, while plaster indoors took the chalk wash. | |
26 | 15th January Brought Over £ 43 10 4 Turners Ware viz. 22 paint Brushes 2 Plaistr. do. 1 Large Hair sieve Castle and Lieut. Govr. House 9 7 1/2 1 10 10 1/2 12 4 £ 44 2 8 Diet Expences Dr. for the following stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st of December 1769 Salt 2 1/2 Bushells 7 6 Pepper 10 lb 5 Pease 1 1/2 Bushell 14 3 Flour 1333 lb 11 5 8 Arrack 93 Gallons 13 19 1 Coffee 30 lb 1 5 Rice 387 lb 1 12 Sugar and Candy viz. 400 Sugar 5 7 6 263 Candy 5 10 5 10 17 11 Beef and Pork viz. 42 Ps. Beef 7 11 4 72 Ps. Pork 9 12 17 3 4 Tea viz. 7 lb Single 10 16 lb Bohea 11 1 1 Oil 12 Bottles Florence 1 4 9 £ 60 3 4 | The repairs account closed at £44 2s 8d. A new account then charged the Company's table with the provisions issued to it between 1 October and 31 December 1769. Brought forward, £43 10s 4d Turned goods for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house 22 paint brushes, £0 9s 7½d 2 plasterer's brushes, £0 1s 10d 1 large hair sieve, £0 0s 10½d Total for turned goods, £0 12s 4d Total for repairs, £44 2s 8d Diet expenses 2½ bushels of salt, £0 7s 6d 10 pounds of pepper, £0 5s 0d ½ bushel of peas, £0 14s 3d 1,333 pounds of flour, £11 5s 6d 93 gallons of arrack, £13 19s 1d 30 pounds of coffee, £1 5s 0d 487 pounds of rice, £1 12s 0d Sugar and sugar candy 400 pounds of sugar, £5 7s 6d 263 pounds of sugar candy, £5 10s 5d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £10 17s 11d Beef and pork 42 pieces of beef, £7 11s 4d 72 pieces of pork, £9 12s 0d Total for beef and pork, £17 3s 4d Tea 7 pounds of singlo tea, £0 10s 0d 16 pounds of bohea tea, £0 11s 0d Total for tea, £1 1s 0d 12 bottles of Florence oil, £1 4s 9d Total for diet expenses, £60 2s 4d Interpretations The Governor's table drew 93 gallons of arrack in the quarter to December 1769, against 84 in the quarter to September and 52 in the quarter to June. The rise over the year was steady. Christmas and the first ships of the homeward season fell in December, and punch was the drink of every dinner at the Castle. The table also took 42 pieces of salt beef and 72 of pork, far more than the 12 and 42 of the previous quarter. Fresh meat from the island's herds was being saved for the garrison's new monthly allowance, which the Council had resolved on 13 October 1769 to begin in the coming year. The Governor's own table fell back on salt provisions to spare the cattle. | |
27 | 1770 Garrison Dr. for the following stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st of December 1769 Arrack 19 Gall. for Muster Drams 2 13 10 Candles 42 lb for the Officers when on Duty 4 13 4 Oil viz. 142 Gall. Train for the sevl. Guards and Barr. 23 1 6 1 1/2 do. Linseed for markg. Blankets 5 11 1/4 1/2 do. Oil of Olives for clean. Small Arms 3 5 3/4 23 10 11 Paint viz. 10 lb Stone Color 2 lb Blue Black for paint. Sentry Boxes 3 1 2 10 Whiting 3 Log Wood for clean. Accoutr. and Hats 2 1/2 1 0 1/2 7 9 Pork 219 Ps. for and Invalid and defic. in weight in serving the Garrison 37 4 Iron Ware viz. 1 Small Frying pan for Banks Guard 2 1 24 Sheets sand paper for clean. Arms 2 4 Hand Hatchets 2 Iron Shovels 1 Pick Ax 1 Ash Helve for Lemon Valley and Sandy Bay Guard 6 10 9 1 3 6 7 1 4 1 Braziers Ware 1/4 lb Brass Wire for drums 9 Lines 24 No. 2 for Whips 7 Deals viz. 4 Double 22 Single for Cotts and Coffins 12 6 2 3 1 2 15 7 Carried over £ 73 0 11 | The garrison account was charged with the stores issued to it between 1 October and 31 December 1769. 19 gallons of arrack for drams at muster, £2 13s 10d 42 pounds of candles for officers on duty, £4 13s 4d Oil 142 gallons of train oil for the several guards and the barracks, £23 1s 6d ½ gallon of linseed oil for marking blankets, £0 3s 11¼d ½ gallon of olive oil for cleaning small arms, £0 3s 5¾d Total for oil, £23 10s 11d Paint 10 pounds of stone colour for painting sentry boxes, £0 3s 0d 2 pounds of blue black for painting sentry boxes, £0 1s 2d 10 pounds of whiting for cleaning accoutrements and hats, £0 0s 2½d 3 pounds of logwood for cleaning accoutrements and hats, £0 1s 0½d Total for paint, £0 5s 5d 279 pieces of pork for an invalid and to make good the short weight in serving the garrison, £37 4s 0d Ironmongery 1 small frying pan for the barrack guard, £0 2s 1d 24 sheets of sandpaper for cleaning arms, £0 2s 0d 4 hand hatchets for the Lemon Valley and Sandy Bay guards, £0 6s 10d 2 iron shovels for the Lemon Valley and Sandy Bay guards, £0 9s 1d 1 pickaxe for the Lemon Valley and Sandy Bay guards, £0 3s 6d 1 ash handle for the Lemon Valley and Sandy Bay guards, £0 0s 7d Total for ironmongery, £1 4s 1d ¼ pound of brass wire for the drums, £0 0s 9d 24 number 2 lines for whips, £0 7s 0d Timber for cots and coffins 4 double deals, £0 12s 6d 22 single deals, £2 3s 1d Total for timber, £2 15s 7d Carried forward, £73 0s 11d Interpretations The guards and barracks burned 142 gallons of train oil in the quarter to December 1769, against about 60 gallons of oil in the quarter to September. The difference was striking given that the spring nights were shorter. The Company had evidently switched its guard posts from the dearer purchased oil to train oil, which cost less than half as much a gallon, and the larger quantity reflected the change of fuel. Train oil burned with more smoke and smell, but it was plentiful in the warehouse, where nearly 500 gallons were counted at the end of September. The 279 pieces of pork made good the short weight of salt meat served to the garrison, as 237 pieces had in the quarter before. The shortfall recurred every quarter because the meat shrank in the cask, and the Company met it in full each time. Logwood and whiting were used together to clean the soldiers' accoutrements and hats. Whiting scoured the buff leather of belts and pouches. Logwood boiled in water gave a black dye that was rubbed into the hats and black leatherwork to restore their colour. | |
28 | 15th January Brought Over £ 73 0 11 Turners Ware viz. 1 Paint Brush for markg. Blankt. 3/4 1 Wood Bowl 1 Platter for Bucks cap Guard 1 0 1/4 1 1 2 7 Canvas 21 Yds. English for Cotts 1 7 1 Nails viz. 6 lb 3 1 4 6 6 4 20 for makg. Cotts and Coffins 4 6 7 1/2 3 4 1/2 1 10 1/4 Glazg. Brads for Barr. Windows 5 10 9 Twine 2 Skeins for Cotts 1 Tea 73 Bohea for the sevl. Guards 2 11 7 Iron Pots 2 Wt. 42 do. 7 11 Soldiers Cloaths 1 Coat and Breeches 1 9 1 Glass Ware viz. 1 Square 8 by 10 30 do. 6 by 8 for the Barr. 7 18 9 1 Hour Glass for Banks's Guard 3 1 0 0 Shoes 1 Pr. Mens Ord. for a Recruit 4 7 Hosiers Ware 1 Pr. do. thread Stockg. do. 2 11 Shirts 1 for a Recruit 4 6 Hatts 1 for do. 2 4 Blankets 1 Fine for do. 10 6 Tin Ware viz. 3 Lamps 1 Horn Lanthorn for the Mn. Guard 2 6 1/2 2 11 1/2 5 6 £ 82 1 3 | The garrison account continued from a running total of £73 0s 11d and closed at £82 1s 3d. Brought forward, £73 0s 11d Turned goods 1 paint brush for marking blankets, £0 0s 3¼d 1 wooden bowl for the [...] guard, £0 1s 0¾d 1 platter for the [...] guard, £0 1s 1d Total for turned goods, £0 2s 7d 21 yards of English canvas for cots, £1 7s 1d Nails for making cots and coffins 6 pounds of threepenny nails, £0 4s 6d 1 pound of fourpenny nails, £0 0s 7½d 6 pounds of sixpenny nails, £0 3s 4½d 4 pounds of tenpenny nails, £0 1s 10d ½ pound of glazier's brads for the barrack windows, £0 0s 9d Total for nails, £0 10s 9d 2 skeins of twine for cots, £0 1s 0d 73 pounds of bohea tea for the several guards, £2 11s 7d 2 iron pots, weighing 42 pounds, £0 7s 11d 1 soldier's coat and breeches, £1 9s 1d Glass 1 pane of window glass, 8 by 10 inches, for the barracks, £0 0s 7d 50 panes of window glass, 6 by 8 inches, for the barracks, £0 18s 9d 1 hourglass for Banks's guard, £0 0s 8d Total for glass, £1 0s 0d For a recruit 1 pair of men's ordinary shoes, £0 4s 7d 1 pair of thread stockings, £0 2s 11d 1 shirt, £0 4s 6d 1 hat, £0 2s 4d 1 fine blanket, £0 10s 6d Tinware for the [...] guard 3 lamps, £0 2s 6½d 1 horn lantern, £0 2s 11½d Total for tinware, £0 5s 6d Total for the garrison, £82 1s 3d Interpretations The barracks took 51 panes of window glass in the quarter, nearly all in the small 6 by 8 inch size. Broken windows were a constant charge on a building full of soldiers, and the barracks stood in James's Valley where the trade wind funnelled down from the heights. Small panes cost little to replace and broke less easily than large ones, which is why the barracks were glazed with them. A single recruit received a full kit of shoes, stockings, shirt, hat and blanket during the quarter. He had joined between the yearly clothing issues, and the Company fitted him out at once from stock so that he could go on duty. The blanket issued to him was a fine one, at 10s 6d, not the ordinary barrack blanket. The warehouse may simply have run short of the cheaper kind after the large winter issue. The guards drew 73 pounds of bohea tea, more than the 47 pounds of the previous quarter. Tea had become a regular part of the soldier's issue at the outlying posts, a cheap comfort that kept the men warm and sober on night watches. | |
29 | 1770 Blacks Dr. for the following stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st of December 1769 Rice 14976 lb 53 10 Arrack 427 Gall. 62 14 4 Beef and Pork viz. 1067 Ps. Beef 192 5 8 2153 Ps. Pork 287 14 8 480 0 4 Oil 3 Gall. Train for the sick Sugar and Candy viz. 343 Sugar 6 15 9 1 Candy for the Any. Blacks 3 6 16 2 Pepper 6 lb for do. 3 Tea 232 Bohea 7 19 6 Salt 1/2 Bushel 1 6 Shalloon 4 Yds. Scarlet for the Gov. Servants 1 0 0 Flour 6 lb for the Any. Blacks 1 Shoes viz. 99 Pr. Mens Ordin. 25 Pr. Womens Calf for the hand. Men and Women 22 13 9 3 4 7 25 18 4 Tin Ware viz. 1 Lamp 1 Pt. Saucepan for a sick Woman 10 3 1/2 2 Quart Funnels 1 1 1/2 2 3 Hosiers Ware 12 Pr. Womens stockings 5 6 Long Cloth 1/2 Ps. No. 5 for a sick Woman 1 0 7 Thread 1 lb Colord for the Women 3 2 Carried over £ 640 11 11 | A new account charged the Company's slaves with the stores issued to them between 1 October and 31 December 1769. 14,976 pounds of rice, £53 10s 0d 427 gallons of arrack, £62 14s 4d Beef and pork 1,067 pieces of beef, £192 5s 8d 2,153 pieces of pork, £287 14s 8d Total for beef and pork, £480 0s 4d 3 gallons of train oil for the sick, [...] Sugar and sugar candy 343 pounds of sugar, £6 15s 9d 1 pound of sugar candy for the [...] slaves, £0 0s 3d Total for oil, sugar and sugar candy, £6 16s 2d 6 pounds of pepper, £0 3s 0d 232 pounds of bohea tea, £7 19s 6d ½ bushel of salt, £0 1s 6d 4 yards of scarlet shalloon for the Governor's servants, £1 0s 0d 6 pounds of flour for the [...] slaves, £0 1s 0d Shoes for the craftsmen and the women 99 pairs of men's ordinary shoes, £22 13s 9d 25 pairs of women's calfskin shoes, £3 4s 7d Total for shoes, £25 18s 4d Tinware 1 lamp for a sick woman, £0 0s 10d 1 pint saucepan for a sick woman, £0 0s 3½d 2 quart funnels, £0 0s 11½d Total for tinware, £0 2s 3d 12 pairs of women's stockings, £0 5s 6d ½ piece of number 5 long cloth for a sick woman, £1 0s 7d 1 pound of coloured thread for the women, £0 3s 2d Carried forward, £640 11s 11d Interpretations The Company's slaves received 14,976 pounds of rice in the quarter to December 1769, against 9,395 pounds in the quarter to September. Their salt meat also rose, to 3,220 pieces from under 2,000. The spring quarter brought heavier work, with planting at the plantation, building at Munden's Point and the bastion, and the first cargoes of the new season to land. The yams that had carried the slaves through the winter were also running low before the new crop came in. Their arrack ration rose to 427 gallons from 277. The Company provided a sick woman with a lamp, a saucepan and half a piece of long cloth. These were issued to her personally, not to the hospital. Female slaves who fell ill were evidently nursed in their own quarters rather than in the garrison hospital, which served the soldiers. The issue of a lamp and a cooking pot let her be tended at night and given food prepared for the sick. | |
30 | 15th January Brought over £ 640 11 11 Serge viz. 1/4 Ps. Fustain 1/2 Yd. Scarlet for the Govr. Servants 9 3 4 12 4 Iron Ware viz. 2 Stock Locks 5 5 1 Pr. Small Steelyards 5 8 1 Small Frying Pan 2 1 13 2 Haberdashery viz. 2 doz. Mohair Bt. Buttons 2 Skeins do. Govr. Servt. 8 11 1 7 Iron Pots 1 Wt. 16 lb 3 Shirts 4 Yds. Brown Holl. Govr. Serv. 7 4 Turners Ware 6 Birch Brooms for the Blacks Square 2 6 Soap 8 lb for ye Lieut. Govr. Servants 4 8 Canvas 9 Yds. English Aprons for the Artificers 11 8 Hats 2 Mens fine for the Castle Serv. 1 15 £ 645 3 2 | The account for the Company's slaves continued from a running total of £640 11s 11d and closed at £645 3s 2d. Brought forward, £640 11s 11d Serge and woollens for the Governor's servants ¼ piece of fustian, £0 9s 0d ½ yard of scarlet serge, £0 3s 4d Total for serge and woollens, £0 12s 4d Ironmongery 2 stock locks, £0 5s 5d 1 pair of small steelyards, £0 3s 8d 1 small frying pan, £0 2s 1d Total for ironmongery, £0 13s 2d Sewing goods for the Governor's servants 2 dozen mohair breast buttons, £0 0s 8d 2 skeins of mohair, £0 0s 11d Total for sewing goods, £0 1s 7d 1 iron pot, weighing 16 pounds, £0 3s 0d 4 yards of brown holland for shirts for the Governor's servants, £0 7s 4d 6 birch brooms for the slaves' square, £0 2s 6d 8 pounds of soap for the Lieutenant Governor's servants, £0 4s 8d 9 yards of English canvas for aprons for the craftsmen, £0 11s 8d 2 men's fine hats for the Castle servants, £1 15s 0d Total for the Company's slaves, £645 3s 2d Interpretations The Company issued two men's fine hats to the slaves who served at the Castle, at 17s 6d each. That was more than the yearly cost of feeding many field slaves on rice. The Castle servants were the Governor's household, dressed in scarlet livery to wait at table and attend at the door. A fine hat completed the uniform. Their dress was charged to the slaves' account, and its cost showed how the Company valued the appearance of the Governor's household above the comfort of its labourers. The canvas aprons for the craftsmen were for the slave smiths, carpenters and masons working in the Company's shops and on the fortifications. A heavy canvas apron protected the worker from sparks, chips and wet mortar. Shoes for the same craftsmen and women had been issued earlier in the quarter. The skilled slaves were equipped for their trades in a way the field labourers were not. | |
31 | 1770 Mallays Dr. for the following stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st December 1769 Arrack 12 Gall. 1 15 3 Beef 18 Ps. 3 4 10 Soap 16 lb 9 4 Coffee 2 lb 1 8 Candles 18 lb 2 0 11 Sugar 88 lb 1 2 Rice 372 lb 1 6 6 Tea 8 lb Bohea 5 6 Flour 24 lb 4 Blankets 1 fine 10 6 Broad Cloth viz. 2 1/2 Yards Blue 2 5 2 do. Scarlet 2 4 5 Long Cloth viz. 1/2 Ps. D 2 2 3 1 Ps. No. 10 1 2 3 3 4 6 Thread viz. 1 lb Whited Brown 6 9 3/4 1 lb Colord 3 5 1/4 10 3 Paint 1 lb Indico 1 8 China Ware viz. 6 Round Soup plates 2 10 6 Saucers 1 10 1/2 2 Bowls 2 4 2 Soup Dishes 11 10 1 Tea Pot 8 1/2 19 7 Carried over £ 20 1 6 | The account for the Company's Malays was charged with the stores issued to them between 1 October and 31 December 1769. 12 gallons of arrack, £1 15s 3d 18 pieces of beef, £3 4s 10d 16 pounds of soap, £0 9s 4d 2 pounds of coffee, £0 1s 8d 12 pounds of candles, £2 0s 11d 88 pounds of sugar, £1 2s 0d 372 pounds of rice, £1 6s 6d 8 pounds of bohea tea, £0 5s 6d 24 pounds of flour, £0 4s 0d 1 fine blanket, £0 10s 6d Broadcloth 2½ yards of blue broadcloth, £2 3s 0d 2 yards of scarlet broadcloth, £2 0s 0d Total for broadcloth, £4 3s 0d Long cloth ½ piece of grade D, £2 2s 3d 1 piece of number 10, £1 2s 3d Total for long cloth, £3 4s 6d Thread 1 pound of whited brown thread, £0 6s 9¾d 1 pound of coloured thread, £0 3s 5¼d Total for thread, £0 10s 3d 1 pound of indigo, £0 1s 8d China 6 round soup plates, £0 2s 10d 6 saucers, £0 1s 10½d 2 bowls, £0 2s 4d 2 soup dishes, £0 11s 10d 1 teapot, £0 0s 2½d Total for china, £0 19s 7d Carried forward, £20 1s 6d Interpretations The Malays' account rose again in the quarter to December 1769, after falling to £8 7s 10d in the winter quarter. Blue and scarlet broadcloth, fine long cloth, a blanket, coffee and table china reappeared, much as they had in the quarter to June. Daughtlock Roballam had petitioned on 31 July 1769 to be allowed to leave the island, and the Council had refused, referring the case to the Court of Directors. Whatever the Court decided, no answer could arrive before the following year. The renewed issues of good cloth and china suggest the Council was keeping its political prisoner in the style his rank required while he waited, so that he had no fresh grievance to add to his petition. | |
32 | 15th January Brought over £ 20 1 6 Iron Pots 1 Wt. 12 lb 2 3 Glass ware 2 Wine Glasses 10 Shoes 2 Pr. Mens fine 11 Iron ware 1 Small Frying Pan 2 1 Shalloon viz. 3 Yards Scarlet 7 6 3 do. Colord 5 6 13 Haberdashery viz. 4 Skeins Silk 2 4 do. Mohair 1 10 2 1/2 doz. Gilt Ct. Buttons 3 4 2 1/2 doz. Mohair Ct. do. 1 8 8 10 Oil 2 Bottles Florence 5 3 Hosiers Ware 4 Pr. Mens Wove Stockings 14 4 £ 22 19 1 | The account for the Company's Malays continued from a running total of £20 1s 6d and closed at £22 19s 1d. Brought forward, £20 1s 6d 1 iron pot, weighing 12 pounds, £0 2s 3d 2 wine glasses, £0 0s 10d 2 pairs of men's fine shoes, £0 11s 0d 1 small frying pan, £0 2s 1d Shalloon 3 yards of scarlet shalloon, £0 7s 6d 3 yards of coloured shalloon, £0 5s 6d Total for shalloon, £0 13s 0d Sewing goods 4 skeins of silk, £0 2s 0d 4 skeins of mohair, £0 1s 10d 2½ dozen gilt coat buttons, £0 3s 4d 2½ dozen mohair coat buttons, £0 1s 8d Total for sewing goods, £0 8s 10d 2 bottles of Florence oil, £0 5s 3d 4 pairs of men's worsted stockings, £0 14s 4d Total for the Malays, £22 19s 1d Interpretations The Malays received gilt coat buttons, scarlet shalloon, fine shoes, worsted stockings and wine glasses in the quarter to December 1769. Gilt buttons and scarlet lining were the trimmings of a gentleman's coat, not the plain mohair buttons issued to soldiers and slaves. Combined with the broadcloth on the previous page, the issue was enough to make a full suit of good clothes. The account matched the one for the quarter to June in its quality and value. A man of rank among the Malays was being dressed and furnished as a minor gentleman of the island, at the Company's expense. | |
33 | 1770 Plantation Dr. for the following stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st of December 1769 Rice and Paddy viz. 640 lb Rice 4928 Paddy for the Overseers Poult. and Horses 2 6 9 0 7 11 6 7 Beef 16 Ps. for the Overseers 2 17 8 Twine 6 Skeins for tying the Arbor 3 2 Long Cloth 1/2 Ps. No. 9 for the dairy 13 2 Iron 80 lb to make Pickaxes and for the Ston. Cart 15 Nails viz. 8 lb 4 8 dog for the fruit Garden and pasture Gate 5 5 2 10 2 Iron Ware viz. 1 Claw Hammer 1 Gimblet 4 Wire Rat Traps 6 Garden Hoes 24 Ash Helves 8 Spades Gardens and Pastures 1 6 1/2 4 1/2 1 4 7 9 14 1 10 1 Pad Lock for Horse Point 1 6 1/2 2 Rag stones 18 Scythe do. for the Hay Makers 8 1/2 3 4 1/2 33 Rolld Iron for the Carts 12 4 1/2 1 Sheet sand paper 1 do. Emery do. for the Stables 1 1 1/2 3 Spring Rat Traps 6 Garden Rakes Plant. House Garden 7 3 13 11 5 17 2 Carried over £ 22 2 11 | The plantation account was charged with the stores issued to it between 1 October and 31 December 1769. Rice and paddy for the overseers, the poultry and the horses 640 pounds of rice, £2 6s 0d 4,928 pounds of paddy, £9 0s 7d Total for rice and paddy, £11 6s 7d 16 pieces of beef for the overseers, £2 17s 8d 6 skeins of twine for tying up the arbour, £0 3s 2d ½ piece of number 9 long cloth for the dairy, £0 13s 2d 80 pounds of iron to make pickaxes and for the stone cart, £0 15s 0d Nails for the fruit garden and the pasture gate 8 pounds of fourpenny nails, £0 5s 0d 8 pounds of dog nails, £0 5s 2d Total for nails, £0 10s 2d Ironmongery for the gardens and pastures 1 claw hammer, £0 1s 6½d 1 gimlet, £0 0s 2½d 4 wire rat traps, £1 4s 0d 6 garden hoes, £0 7s 9d 24 ash handles, £0 14s 0d 8 spades, £1 10s 0d 1 padlock for Horse Point, £0 1s 6½d 2 ragstones for the haymakers, £0 0s 8½d 18 scythe stones for the haymakers, £0 3s 4½d 33 pounds of rolled iron for the carts, £0 12s 4½d 1 sheet of sandpaper for the stables, £0 0s 1d 1 sheet of emery paper for the stables, £0 0s 1½d 5 spring rat traps for the Plantation House garden, £0 7s 3d 6 garden rakes for the Plantation House garden, £0 13s 11d Total for ironmongery, £5 17s 2d Carried forward, £22 2s 11d Interpretations The plantation issued scythe stones and ragstones to its haymakers in the quarter to December 1769. Hay was cut on the Company's pastures in the spring, when the grass was at its best, and stored to feed the horses and cattle through the drier months. The 4,928 pounds of paddy fed to the horses and poultry in the same quarter show that the island's own grass could not support its livestock alone. The Company was cutting what hay it could while still importing grain from India for its animals. Rats were a constant plague on St Helena, brought ashore from every ship. The plantation took nine rat traps in the quarter, four of them costly wire traps, besides the constable's bounty paid for every rat and mouse killed. The Plantation House garden and its stores of seed and grain were the main targets. Horse Point lay on the island's north-eastern coast, near the Longwood plain, where the Company kept horses at pasture. The padlock secured a gate or a store there, keeping the stock from straying and from theft. | |
34 | 15th January Brought over £ 22 2 11 Cordage 53 lb for Oxen 17 2 Arrack 3 1/2 Gall. Arrack for Haym. 10 3 Deals 2 double for repairg. Carts 6 3 Tin Ware 8 Watering Pots for the Gardens 1 10 8 Turners Ware viz. 2 Skiming Dishes for the dairy 7 1/2 4 Labourers Baskets for the Fr. Gardn. 4 6 2 Flaskets for Long Wood 4 6 1/2 2 Yokes for Oxen 1 7 2 Ox Bows 2 4 1 19 Earthen Ware 12 Milk pans for ye dairy 16 Tar 2 Gall. for the Carts 1 6 Paint viz. 2 Red Lead 6 Stone Color to paint a Cart 3 1/2 3 1/2 3 6 Oil viz. 1/2 Gall. Train 1/4 do. Oil of Turpentine for the Stables 1 7 1/2 1 4 1/2 3 Lines 2 Hambro for the Haymak. 3 Sugar 3 lb for do. 1 6 Cart Wheels 4 Wheel Barrows for the Plantation House Gardn. 3 1 8 £ 31 16 5 | The plantation account continued from a running total of £22 2s 11d and closed at £31 16s 5d. Brought forward, £22 2s 11d 55 pounds of cordage for the oxen, £0 17s 2d 3½ gallons of arrack for the haymakers, £0 10s 6d 2 double deals for repairing the carts, £0 6s 3d 8 watering pots for the gardens, £1 10s 8d Turned goods 2 skimming dishes for the dairy, £0 0s 7½d 4 labourers' baskets for the fruit garden, £0 4s 6d 2 flaskets for Longwood, £0 4s 6½d 2 ox yokes, £1 7s 0d 2 ox bows, £0 2s 4d Total for turned goods, £1 19s 0d 12 earthenware milk pans for the dairy, £0 16s 0d 2 gallons of tar for the carts, £0 1s 6d Paint to paint a cart 2 pounds of red lead, £0 0s 3½d 6 pounds of stone colour, £0 3s 0½d Total for paint, £0 3s 6d Oil for the stables ½ gallon of train oil, £0 1s 7½d ¼ gallon of oil of turpentine, £0 1s 4½d Total for oil, £0 3s 0d 2 hambro lines for the haymakers, £0 3s 0d 2 pounds of sugar for the haymakers, £0 1s 6d 4 wheelbarrows for the Plantation House garden, £3 1s 8d Total for the plantation, £31 16s 5d Interpretations The plantation's haymakers received 3½ gallons of arrack and two pounds of sugar during the quarter. Haymaking was hot, hard work done against the weather, and in England farmers commonly supplied their mowers with beer or cider in the field. At St Helena the Company gave arrack and sugar to mix as punch, the island's equivalent. The haymakers were probably the Company's own slaves, whose usual arrack ration came from the slaves' account. The extra allowance charged to the plantation rewarded the heavy seasonal labour. The dairy took 12 earthenware milk pans and two skimming dishes in the quarter. Milk was poured into the wide, shallow pans and left to stand until the cream rose, then skimmed off with the dishes to make butter. With spring grazing, the Company's cows gave more milk, and the dairy needed more pans to set it. Butter shipped from England went rancid on the voyage, and fresh butter from the plantation was worth producing for the Governor's table. | |
35 | 1770 Hospital Dr. for the following stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st of December 1769 Sugar 418 lb 5 4 6 Flour 418 lb 3 9 2 Rice 418 lb 1 10 Salt 3 1/2 Bushells 10 6 Kersey 4 Yards 4 10 Oil 12 Gall. Train 1 19 Tea 42 Bohea 1 13 Turners Ware 1 Birch Broom 5 China Ware 6 Saucers 1 11 £ 14 19 10 Boats Dr. for the following stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st of December 1769 Canvas Ps. Yds. 3 31 English Twine 27 Skeins for the Lg. Boats 9 11 2 14 Pitch and Tar viz. 2 Barrels Pitch 2 do. 2 Gall. Tar 12 Rozin do. 2 4 8 2 5 6 1 9 4 11 11 Arrack 13 1/2 Gall. for Men Employed Haulg. up and Launchg. Lg. Boats 1 19 8 Carrd. over £ 16 16 9 | The hospital account was charged with the stores issued to it between 1 October and 31 December 1769, and the boats account with their stores for the same quarter. Hospital 418 pounds of sugar, £5 4s 6d 418 pounds of flour, £3 9s 2d 418 pounds of rice, £1 10s 0d 3½ bushels of salt, £0 10s 6d 4 yards of kersey, £0 4s 10d 12 gallons of train oil, £1 19s 0d 43 pounds of bohea tea, £1 13s 0d 1 birch broom, £0 0s 5d 6 china saucers, £0 1s 11d Total for the hospital, £14 19s 10d Boats 3 pieces 31 yards of English canvas for the longboats, £9 11s 2d 27 skeins of twine for the longboats, £0 14s 0d Pitch and tar 2 barrels of pitch, £2 4s 8d 2 barrels and 2 gallons of tar, £2 3s 6d 12 pounds of rosin, £0 1s 9d Total for pitch and tar, £4 11s 11d 10½ gallons of arrack for the men launching and hauling up the longboats, £1 19s 8d Carried forward, £16 16s 9d Interpretations The hospital drew 418 pounds each of sugar, flour and rice in the quarter to December 1769, against 291 pounds of each in the quarter to September. The fixed sick diet, issued in equal weights of each, now fed more patients. The deaths in the garrison during the year had clustered in April and May, as recruits landed weak from the voyage. The first ships of the new season were arriving, and with them came sick men put ashore, invalids from India such as James Sullivan, and recruits needing nursing. The rise in the hospital's stores shows the season turning before the deaths themselves began to be recorded. The longboats drew over three pieces of English canvas, enough for a new suit of sails. Their refit through the quiet winter months was being completed, and the boats were being made ready for the busy landing season that began with the Ponsborne in January 1770. | |
36 | 15th January Brought over £ 16 16 9 Cordage 439 lb for Long Boats 7 12 10 Oars 3 Leather 14 lb Iron 43 lb for do. 13 9 13 9 8 1 Paint viz. 43 Ven. Red dry 1 Barrl. Blacking for do. 8 6 6 9 Nails viz. 3 lb 2 18 4 34 6 29 10 1 3 for do. 4 3/4 11 3 19 1 1/2 13 3 1/2 8 3/4 2 8 8 Deals viz. 4 Single 9 double 12 Elm Boards 4 Baulks for do. 7 10 1 8 1 1/2 2 8 1 15 4 1/2 5 19 4 Lines 1 deep Sea do. 4 10 Oil 12 3/4 Gall. Train do. 2 1 5 Turners Ware 4 Birch Brooms do. 1 8 Tin Ware 1 Single sheet Tin do. 4 Iron Ware viz. 1 Stock Lock 16 Rolld Iron 1 Hand Saw 1/2 Tinnd Tacks for do. 2 2 1/2 6 7 5 1 1 1/2 17 3 £ 38 7 8 | The boats account continued from a running total of £16 16s 9d and closed at £38 7s 8d. Brought forward, £16 16s 9d 439 pounds of cordage for the longboats, £7 12s 10d 3 oars for the longboats, £0 13s 9d 14 pounds of leather for the longboats, £0 13s 9d 43 pounds of iron for the longboats, £0 8s 1d Paint for the longboats 43 pounds of Venetian red, dry, £0 8s 6d 1 pound of blacking in barrels, £0 0s 6d Total for paint, £0 9s 0d Nails for the longboats 5 pounds of twopenny nails, £0 4s 3¾d 18 pounds of fourpenny nails, £0 11s 3d 34 pounds of sixpenny nails, £0 19s 1½d 29 pounds of tenpenny nails, £0 13s 3½d 1 pound of threepenny nails, £0 0s 8¾d Total for nails, £2 8s 8d Timber for the longboats 4 single deals, £0 7s 10d 9 double deals, £1 8s 1½d 12 elm boards, £2 8s 0d 4 baulks of timber, £1 15s 4½d Total for timber, £5 19s 4d 1 deep-sea line for the longboats, £0 4s 10d 12¾ gallons of train oil for the longboats, £2 1s 5d 4 birch brooms for the longboats, £0 1s 8d 1 single sheet of tin for the longboats, £0 0s 4d Ironmongery for the longboats 1 stock lock, £0 2s 2½d 16 pounds of rolled iron, £0 6s 0d 1 hand saw, £0 7s 5d ½ pound of tinned tacks, £0 1s 1½d Total for ironmongery, £0 17s 3d Total for the boats, £38 7s 8d Interpretations The boats account came to £38 7s 8d in the quarter to December 1769, against £94 15s 6d in the quarter to June. Nearly all of this quarter's spending went on materials for repair and refit, with only 439 pounds of cordage against 3,764 pounds in the busy spring. Twelve elm boards were the main timber issued. Elm was preferred for planking below the waterline because it did not rot when kept constantly wet. The longboats lay hauled up and were being replanked, reroped and freshly painted in Venetian red before the shipping season began. The 14 pounds of leather was for leathering the oars and lining the rowlocks, where the oars wore against the gunwale. | |
37 | 1770 Mundens Point Dr. for the following stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st of December 1769 Iron Ware viz. 44 Ash Helves 1 5 8 6 Iron Shovels 1 7 3 6 Brick Layers Trowels 1 4 2 14 3 Deals viz. 36 Single Deals 3 10 6 24 Double 3 15 4 Baulks 1 15 4 9 0 10 Lines 12 No. 4 6 9 Iron and Steel 231 lb Iron 2 3 4 30 Steel 16 8 3 0 0 Cordage 575 lb 8 19 7 Pork 23 Ps. Rice 207 lb Planters Slaves 3 1 4 15 Tar 1 Gall. 9 Cart Wheels 4 Wheel Barrows 3 1 8 Tin Ware 1 Watering Pot 3 10 Paint 8 lb Chalk 2 Nails viz. 14 lb 6 7 10 1/2 12 10 5 6 1/2 20 20 7 4 12 Flooring Brads 6 1 Glazg. do. 1 3 1 9 £ 32 13 3 | The account for Munden's Point was charged with the stores issued for it between 1 October and 31 December 1769. Ironmongery 44 ash handles, £1 5s 8d 6 iron shovels, £1 7s 3d 6 bricklayer's trowels, £0 1s 4d Total for ironmongery, £2 14s 3d Timber 36 single deals, £3 10s 6d 24 double deals, £3 15s 0d 4 baulks of timber, £1 15s 4d Total for timber, £9 0s 10d 12 number 4 lines, £0 6s 9d Iron and steel 231 pounds of iron, £2 3s 4d 30 pounds of steel, £0 16s 8d Total for iron and steel, £3 0s 0d 575 pounds of cordage, £8 19s 7d 23 pieces of pork for the planters' slaves, £3 1s 4d 207 pounds of rice for the planters' slaves, £0 15s 0d 1 gallon of tar, £0 0s 9d 4 wheelbarrows, £3 1s 8d 1 watering pot, £0 3s 10d 8 pounds of chalk, £0 0s 2d Nails 14 pounds of sixpenny nails, £0 7s 10½d 12 pounds of tenpenny nails, £0 5s 6½d 20 pounds of twentypenny nails, £0 7s 4d 12 pounds of flooring brads, £0 6s 0d 1 pound of glazier's brads, £0 1s 8d Total for nails, £1 9s 0d Total for Munden's Point, £32 13s 3d Interpretations Cordage at Munden's Point rose again to 575 pounds in the quarter to December 1769, after only 4 pounds in the quarter to September. Heavy hauling had resumed on the headland. The Council had resolved on 13 October 1769 to abandon the excavated magazine and build one entirely of masonry on the battery. Stone for the new walls had to be hoisted up the cliff from the boats or the quarry below, and the shattered rock above the old excavation was being blasted away and cleared. The 231 pounds of iron and 30 pounds of steel went to the smith for drills, wedges and the edges of the picks used in the blasting. The flooring brads and glazier's brads point to a building with a boarded floor and glazed windows. That was probably a guardroom or store at the battery, built with the 60 deals issued in the same quarter. | |
38 | 15th January Lemon Valley Dr. for the following stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st of December 1769 Cordage 18 lb 5 8 Turners Ware viz. 1 Hair Broom 2 3 8 Labour. Baskets 9 11 3 Nails viz. 6 lb 2 3 1 1/2 6 4 3 9 4 40 1 9 7 Spikes 2 2 1/2 12 10 Oil viz. 1 1/2 Gall. Linseed 5 6 1 do. Train 3 3 8 9 Paint viz. 18 1/2 Stone Color 9 3 1 1/2 Blue Black 10 1/2 4 lb Wt. Lead dry 1 3 1/2 4 Whiting 1 11 6 Deals viz. 1 double 3 1 1/2 1 Single 1 11 1/2 5 1 Iron Ware 3 Stock Locks 8 1 Canvas 2 Yds. Osenbrugs 1 7 Thread 1 Colord 3 2 Bunting viz. 1 Ps. White 1 2 1 Ps. Red 1 11 2 2 13 2 £ 6 1 1 | The account for the fortification at Lemon Valley was charged with the stores issued for it between 1 October and 31 December 1769. 18 pounds of cordage, £0 5s 8d Turned goods and baskets 1 hair broom, £0 2s 3d 8 labourers' baskets, £0 9s 0d Total for turned goods and baskets, £0 11s 3d Nails 6 pounds of twopenny nails, £0 5s 1½d 6 pounds of fourpenny nails, £0 3s 9d 4 pounds of fortypenny nails, £0 1s 9d 7 pounds of spike nails, £0 2s 2½d Total for nails, £0 12s 10d Oil 1½ gallons of linseed oil, £0 5s 6d 1 gallon of train oil, £0 3s 3d Total for oil, £0 8s 9d Paint 18½ pounds of stone colour, £0 9s 3d 1½ pounds of blue black, £0 0s 10½d 4 pounds of white lead, dry, £0 1s 3½d 4 pounds of whiting, £0 0s 1d Total for paint, £0 11s 6d Timber 1 double deal, £0 3s 1½d 1 single deal, £0 1s 11½d Total for timber, £0 5s 1d 3 stock locks, £0 8s 1d 2 yards of osnaburg, £0 1s 7d 1 pound of coloured thread, £0 3s 2d Bunting 1 piece of white bunting, £1 2s 0d 1 piece of red bunting, £1 11s 2d Total for bunting, £2 13s 2d Total for Lemon Valley, £6 1s 1d Interpretations The battery at Lemon Valley drew a piece each of red and white bunting, with osnaburg and thread, in the quarter to December 1769. These were the materials for a flag. The main fort had been given a new flag in the quarter to June, made from twelve pieces of red, white and blue bunting. Lemon Valley was a lesser battery, and its flag was smaller and made only of red and white, probably the striped ensign of the East India Company. A flag over each battery let a ship approaching the island see at once which posts were manned and under whose colours. The stone colour and blue black were for the gun carriages and the new platforms, laid with the oak and Riga timber issued in the quarter before. | |
39 | 1770 James's Valley Dr. for the following stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st of December 1769 Iron 70 lb for the Mount 13 2 Candles 1 lb for do. 2 3 Iron Ware viz. 1 Two Ft. Rule 1 1 1/2 1 Gouge 1 10 12 Masons Inch and Point Tools 13 6 4 Iron Crows 2 0 5 2 Iron Shovels 9 1 1 Pick Ax 3 6 1/2 1 Ash Helve 7 3 12 1 Paint viz. 6 lb Chalk 1 6 lb Brimstone 1 3 1 4 Nails 6 lb 6d. 3 4 Cordage 12 lb for fixing Scaffolds 3 9 Bunting 1 Yd. Blue for the Mount 7 Rozin 4 lb do. 7 Deals viz. 2 Single 3 11 12 Double 1 17 6 3 Euffers 9 9 1 Baulk 8 10 3 0 0 £ 7 7 1 | The account for James's Valley was charged with the stores issued for its works between 1 October and 31 December 1769. 70 pounds of iron for the Mount, £0 13s 2d 1 pound of candles for the Mount, £0 2s 3d Ironmongery 1 two-foot rule, £0 1s 1½d 1 gouge, £0 1s 10d 12 masons' inch and point tools, £0 13s 6d 4 iron crowbars, £2 0s 5d 2 iron shovels, £0 9s 1d 1 pickaxe, £0 3s 6½d 1 ash handle, £0 0s 7d Total for ironmongery, £3 12s 1d Paint 6 pounds of chalk, £0 0s 1d 6 pounds of brimstone, £0 1s 3d Total for paint, £0 1s 4d 6 pounds of sixpenny nails, £0 3s 4d 12 pounds of cordage for fixing scaffolds, £0 3s 9d 1 yard of blue bunting for the Mount, £0 0s 7d 4 pounds of rosin, £0 0s 7d Timber 2 single deals, £0 3s 11d 12 double deals, £1 17s 6d 3 [...], £0 9s 9d 1 baulk of timber, £0 8s 10d Total for timber, £3 0s 0d Total for James's Valley, £7 17s 1d Interpretations The Mount was the signal post on the heights above James Town, from which approaching ships were first sighted and their arrival signalled to the Castle. Iron was issued there for rails, and blue bunting for a signal flag. The Council had ordered work on the east bastion in James's Valley in October 1769, after Thomas Bazett's report that its old wall had been pulled down and the rubble cleared for a new foundation. The masons' tools, iron crows and scaffolding cordage issued here belonged to that rebuilding. Brimstone mixed with rosin made a cement for fixing iron bars and cramps into holes cut in the stone, used to bind the courses of a wall together. | |
40 | 15th January Fortifications Dr. for the following stores Issued from the 1st of October to the 31st of December 1769 Pork 43 Ps. for the Plant. Slaves 6 Rice 403 lb for do. 1 9 Arrack 3 Gall. for do. 4 8 Cordage 239 lb for Raisg. Sheers at Sandy Bay 4 1 Candles 2 lb for the Artill. Use 4 6 Deals viz. 3 Elm Boards 12 2 double Deals for the Magazine 6 3 8 Single do. do. 15 8 6 Baulks for makg. Rails on ye Mt. 2 15 4 8 11 Nails viz. 2 lb 4 14 6 2 10 10 20 6 40 2 dog 1/2 Glazg. for the Mount Magazine and Wheel Barrows 1 3 7 10 1/2 11 3 11 1/2 2 7 1/2 1 3 1/2 10 18 9 Glass Ware viz. 7 Squares 8 by 10 10 do. 6 by 8 ye Laboratory 4 1 3 9 7 10 Carried over £ 18 2 8 | The fortifications account was charged with the stores issued for them between 1 October and 31 December 1769. 45 pieces of pork for the planters' slaves, £6 0s 0d 403 pounds of rice for the planters' slaves, £1 9s 0d 3 gallons of arrack for the planters' slaves, £0 4s 8d 239 pounds of cordage for raising sheer legs at Sandy Bay, £4 1s 0d 2 pounds of candles for the artillery, £0 4s 6d Timber 3 elm boards, £0 12s 0d 2 double deals for the magazine, £0 6s 3d 8 single deals for the magazine, £0 15s 8d 6 baulks of timber for making rails on the Mount, £2 15s 0d Total for timber, £4 8s 11d Nails for the Mount, the magazine and wheelbarrows 2 pounds of fourpenny nails, £0 1s 3d 14 pounds of sixpenny nails, £0 7s 10½d 2 pounds of tenpenny nails, £0 0s 11d 10 pounds of twentypenny nails, £0 3s 11½d 6 pounds of fortypenny nails, £0 2s 7½d 2 pounds of dog nails, £0 1s 3½d ½ pound of glazier's brads, £0 0s 10d Total for nails, £0 18s 9d Glass for the laboratory 7 panes of window glass, 8 by 10 inches, £0 4s 1d 10 panes of window glass, 6 by 8 inches, £0 3s 9d Total for glass, £0 7s 10d Carried forward, £18 2s 8d Interpretations The artillery's laboratory was glazed with 17 panes during the quarter. In military usage, a laboratory was the building where gunners made up cartridges, filled shells, prepared fuses and mixed fireworks for signals. The work involved loose powder, so the room had to be dry and well lit by daylight. Candles and lamps were kept out of it as far as possible, and windows let the gunners see to work without a flame. Glazing the laboratory made it safe to use through the year. Cordage was issued for raising sheer legs at Sandy Bay, as it had been at Banks's in the quarter to June 1769. Guns were being lifted onto the batteries on the south coast, where an enemy might attempt a landing. The Council was strengthening each of the island's possible landing places in turn. | |
41 | 1770 Brought over £ 18 2 8 Paint 6 lb Whiting for the Laboratory 2 Oil viz. 1 1/2 Gall. Train for Sandy Bay 4 10 1/2 1/4 Linseed for the Laboratory 1 1/2 5 11 Iron Ware viz. 1 Pad Lock for the Lime House 1 6 1/4 3 Mauls 6 Ash Helves for Sandy Bay Quarry 9 7 1/4 3 6 1 Hand Hatchet 1 Iron Shovel for do. 1 8 1/2 4 7 19 11 Turners Ware viz. 7 Labr. Baskets for ye Quarry 7 10 12 Birch Brooms Artillery use 5 12 10 Thread 1 lb Colord for mendg. Lime Bags 3 2 Twine 18 Skeins for do. 9 5 £ 20 14 1 St. Helena December the 31st 1769 E. Excepted (Signed) p James Powell Storekeeper | The fortifications account continued from a running total of £18 2s 8d and closed at £20 14s 1d. James Powell, the storekeeper, signed the collection at St Helena on 31 December 1769, errors excepted. Brought forward, £18 2s 8d 6 pounds of whiting for the laboratory, £0 0s 2d Oil 1½ gallons of train oil for Sandy Bay, £0 4s 10½d ¼ gallon of linseed oil for the laboratory, £0 1s 0½d Total for oil, £0 5s 11d Ironmongery 1 padlock for the lime house, £0 1s 6¾d 3 mauls for the Sandy Bay quarry, £0 9s 7¼d 6 ash handles for the Sandy Bay quarry, £0 3s 6d 1 hand hatchet for the Sandy Bay quarry, £0 1s 8½d 1 iron shovel for the Sandy Bay quarry, £0 4s 7d Total for ironmongery, £0 19s 11d Turned goods 7 labourers' baskets for the quarry, £0 7s 10d 12 birch brooms for the artillery, £0 5s 0d Total for turned goods, £0 12s 10d 1 pound of coloured thread for mending lime bags, £0 3s 2d 13 skeins of twine for mending lime bags, £0 9s 5d Total for the fortifications, £20 14s 1d Signed by James Powell, storekeeper, at St Helena on 31 December 1769, errors excepted Interpretations The general fortifications account came to only £20 14s 1d for the quarter to December 1769, against £117 11s 9d in the quarter to June and £122 3s 8d in the quarter to September. The difference lay almost entirely in coal for burning lime, which had cost £67 18s 6d in the September quarter alone and was absent now. The warehouse had held only 16 chaldrons at the end of September, and the Council had already refused ships more than one chaldron each. The lime kilns had evidently stopped for want of fuel. Building on the island's defences depended on a single imported commodity, and when it ran low, the works slowed until the next store ship came. The Sandy Bay quarry received mauls, handles, a hatchet and a shovel. Stone was still being cut there for the batteries on the south coast, even without lime to set it. | |
42 | 15th January List of the Honble. Company's Officers and Servants upon the Island St. Helena with their several Salary's Diet Money etc. for the Quarter ending the 31st Decr. 1769 viz. John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Saly. 150 do. Allowance for Servants 31 14 9 181 14 9 Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. 62 10 do. diet Money 25 87 10 Mattw. Purling of Council Saly. 32 10 do. Accountant 17 10 do. diet Money 15 do. Gratuity 15 80 William Bearcroft Chaplain 40 do. diet Money 15 55 Matthew Bazett Secretary 27 10 do. diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 James Powell Storekeeper 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 William Wrangham Eldest Factor 15 do. diet Money 10 do. Assistant to the Govr. 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. as Paymaster 12 10 50 Jonathan Doveton Factor 12 10 do. diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Assistant Storekeeper 5 30 Carried over £ 574 4 9 | The list of the Company's officers and servants set out their salaries, table allowances and other payments for the quarter ending 31 December 1769. John Skottowe, Governor Salary, £150 0s 0d Allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d Total for John Skottowe, £181 14s 9d Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor Salary, £62 10s 0d Table allowance, £25 0s 0d Total for Daniel Corneille, £87 10s 0d Matthew Purling, member of Council Salary, £32 10s 0d Pay as accountant, £17 10s 0d Table allowance, £15 0s 0d Gratuity, £15 0s 0d Total for Matthew Purling, £80 0s 0d William Beacroft, chaplain Salary, £40 0s 0d Table allowance, £15 0s 0d Total for William Beacroft, £55 0s 0d Matthew Bazett, secretary Salary, £27 10s 0d Table allowance, £15 0s 0d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Matthew Bazett, £45 0s 0d James Powell, storekeeper Salary, £27 10s 0d Table allowance, £15 0s 0d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Powell, £45 0s 0d William Wrangham, senior factor Salary, £15 0s 0d Table allowance, £10 0s 0d Pay as assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d House rent, £2 10s 0d Pay as paymaster, £12 10s 0d Total for William Wrangham, £50 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, factor Salary, £12 10s 0d Table allowance, £10 0s 0d House rent, £2 10s 0d Pay as assistant to the storekeeper, £5 0s 0d Total for Jonathan Doveton, £30 0s 0d Carried forward, £574 4s 9d Interpretations The senior officers' pay for the quarter to December 1769 matched the quarter to September exactly. Once the Court's increase of May 1769 had been absorbed into the salaries, each post carried a fixed quarterly sum that did not change from one quarter to the next. The pay list of senior servants had become a settled establishment, and the Council no longer had to calculate broken periods or separate increases for them. William Wrangham's pay as paymaster now appeared as a regular part of his salary, confirming that the office he had carried on since Kirkpatrick's dismissal in April 1769 was his on a permanent footing. | |
43 | 1770 Brought Over £ 574 4 9 Britannicus Wright Factor 12 10 do. diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Collector of the Customs 12 10 37 10 John Goodwin Writer 7 10 do. diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 20 George Bazett Writer 7 10 do. diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Clerk of the Works 6 16 10 1/2 26 16 10 1/2 James Desfountain Writer 7 10 do. diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 20 William Doveton Writer 7 10 do. diet Money 10 17 10 Robert Barclay Surgeon 9 15 do. diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 22 5 John Pritchard Surgeon Mate 6 5 do. diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 18 15 Richd. Beale Judge Advocate to 7th Octr. the day he died 19 2 do. School Master to do. 11 6 1 10 8 Philip Mahony Clerk of the Peace 27 10 do. House Rent 2 10 30 Thomas Bazett Super. of the Works 25 Hugh Jones do. of the Blacks 10 Carried over £ 803 12 3 1/2 | The list of officers and servants continued from a running total of £574 4s 9d. Brought forward, £574 4s 9d Bartholomew Wright, factor Salary, £12 10s 0d Table allowance, £10 0s 0d House rent, £2 10s 0d Pay as collector of customs, £12 10s 0d Total for Bartholomew Wright, £37 10s 0d John Goodwin, writer Salary, £7 10s 0d Table allowance, £10 0s 0d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Goodwin, £20 0s 0d George Bazett, writer Salary, £7 10s 0d Table allowance, £10 0s 0d House rent, £2 10s 0d Pay as clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d Total for George Bazett, £26 16s 10½d James Desfountain, writer Salary, £7 10s 0d Table allowance, £10 0s 0d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Desfountain, £20 0s 0d William Doveton, writer Salary, £7 10s 0d Table allowance, £10 0s 0d Total for William Doveton, £17 10s 0d Robert Barclay, surgeon Salary, £9 15s 0d Table allowance, £10 0s 0d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Barclay, £22 5s 0d John Pritchard, surgeon's mate Salary, £6 5s 0d Table allowance, £10 0s 0d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Pritchard, £18 15s 0d Richard Beale Salary as judge advocate to 7 October, the day he died, £0 19s 2d Pay as schoolmaster to the same day, £0 11s 6d Total for Richard Beale, £1 10s 8d Philip Mahony, clerk of the peace Salary, £27 10s 0d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Philip Mahony, £30 0s 0d Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d Carried forward, £803 12s 3½d Interpretations Richard Beale was paid to 7 October 1769, the day he died, and his salary as judge advocate and schoolmaster stopped there. The Council had promised on 4 September 1769 to continue his salary until the Court decided on a pension, and it kept that promise to the day of his death. It paid nothing beyond it. No allowance was entered for his widow or family, and none could be granted until the Court answered his petition, which he had not lived to see. The posts of judge advocate and schoolmaster now stood empty, with no salary drawn for them for the rest of the quarter. The vestry's plans for a new school and a schoolmaster from England had become the only provision for teaching the island's children. | |
44 | 15th January Brought over £ 803 12 3 1/2 Samuel Alexander John Worrall Overseers 7 10 15 William Holbrook Master Mason 30 John Preston do. Mate 20 John Robinson Carpenter 25 James Hogg do. Mate 12 10 John Drawater Cooper 15 John Robins Armourer 15 Solomon St. Maurice Mast. at Arms 6 5 Robert Leech Steward 7 10 Thomas Yates Clerk of the Church 5 John Joyce Clock and Instrument Cleaner 1 5 Robert Allum Groom 2 John Crosswell Patron of the Lg. Boats 7 10 John Price Marshal and Goaler 7 10 To the Drum Major for Instructg. the Young Drumrs. 1 First Company viz. Daniel Corneille Captain 59 6 3 Solomon St. Maurice 1 Lieut. 27 7 6 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 34 4 4 1/2 Charles Ross Stewart 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. Adjutant 18 5 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 47 18 1 1/2 William Cauldwell 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 William Roberts Town Adjutant 32 3 1 1/2 Carried over £ 1187 7 3 1/2 | The list of officers and servants continued from a running total of £803 12s 3½d with the tradesmen and the First Company. Brought forward, £803 12s 3½d Samuel Alexander, overseer, £7 10s 0d John Worrall, overseer, £15 0s 0d William Holbrook, master mason, £30 0s 0d John Preston, mason's mate, £20 0s 0d John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d James Hogg, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d John Drawater, cooper, £15 0s 0d John Robins, armourer, £15 0s 0d Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d Robert Leech, steward, £7 10s 0d Thomas Yates, clerk of the church, £5 0s 0d John Joyce, keeper and cleaner of clocks and instruments, £1 5s 0d Robert Allum, groom, £2 0s 0d John Creswell, master of the longboats, £7 10s 0d John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d The drum major, for teaching the young drummers, £1 0s 0d First Company Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d Solomon St Maurice, first lieutenant Salary, £27 7s 6d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d Total for Solomon St Maurice, £34 4s 4½d Charles Ross Stewart, second lieutenant Salary, £22 16s 3d Pay as adjutant, £18 5s 0d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d Total for Charles Ross Stewart, £47 18s 1½d William Caldwell, second lieutenant Salary, £22 16s 3d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Caldwell, £32 3s 1½d William Roberts, town adjutant, £32 3s 1½d Carried forward, £1,187 7s 3½d Interpretations The drum major continued to draw £1 a quarter for teaching the young drummers. On 2 October 1769, the Council had enlisted three boys born on the island, two as drummers and one as a fifer, and moved three grown drummers into the ranks. The boys needed teaching, and the drum major's fee was the cost of turning island children into the garrison's musicians. Drums and fifes beat the calls that ordered every part of a soldier's day, from reveille to the night watch, and the boys had to learn each call by heart. | |
45 | 1770 Brought over £ 1187 7 3 1/2 Sergeants viz. Henry Howell 7 13 4 John Allman 7 13 4 George Seale 7 13 4 Thomas Mears 7 13 4 30 13 4 Corporals viz. John Springthorpe 5 7 4 Abraham Jarvis 5 7 4 Henry Clarke 5 7 4 Andrew Alexander 5 7 4 21 9 4 Drummers viz. John Martin 5 7 4 Richard Platfoot 5 7 4 Joseph Beauchamp 5 7 4 16 2 Private viz. James Avery 3 16 8 James Armstrong 3 16 8 John Beauchamp 3 16 8 Joseph Biffin 3 16 8 John Britt 3 16 8 John Barnes 3 16 8 Timothy Bryen 3 16 8 Emanuel Bunner 3 16 8 William Benson 3 16 8 Benjamin Barclay 3 16 8 Richard Brown 3 16 8 Thomas Berwick 3 16 8 Private Carried over £ 46 Carried over £ 1255 11 11 1/2 | The First Company's pay list continued from a running total of £1,187 7s 3½d. Brought forward, £1,187 7s 3½d Sergeants Henry Howell, £7 13s 4d John Allman, £7 13s 4d George Seale, £7 13s 4d Thomas Moore, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £30 13s 4d Corporals John Springthorpe, £5 7s 4d Abraham Travis, £5 7s 4d Henry Clarke, £5 7s 4d Andrew Alexander, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £21 9s 4d Drummers John Martin, £5 7s 4d Richard Pitfoot, £5 7s 4d Joseph Becham, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £16 2s 0d Privates James Avery, £3 16s 8d James Armstrong, £3 16s 8d John Brechmans, £3 16s 8d Moses Biffin, £3 16s 8d John Britt, £3 16s 8d John Barnes, £3 16s 8d Timothy Bryen, £3 16s 8d Emanuel Banner, £3 16s 8d William Benson, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Barclay, £3 16s 8d Richard Brown, £3 16s 8d Thomas Berwick, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £46 0s 0d Carried forward, £1,253 11s 11½d Interpretations The First Company's sergeants and corporals held their ranks through the whole quarter to December 1769, after the run of reductions and promotions in late July. George Seale, Thomas Moore, Henry Clarke and Andrew Alexander, all raised in that week, kept the places they had gained. Every non-commissioned officer drew a full quarter's pay at his rank. The company's chain of command had settled after the summer's disturbance, and the quiet spring months passed without a single change of rank among them. | |
46 | 15th January Brought over £ 1255 11 11 1/2 Private brought over £ 46 Mark Batts Ent. from 3 Comy. 10th Octr. 3 8 4 Edward Corker 3 16 8 William Clissold 3 16 8 Patrick Conner 3 16 8 John Charlton 3 16 8 William Coppen 3 16 8 Abraham Clarke to 4th Decr. died 2 14 2 Anthony Clarke 3 16 8 Arundel Carnes 3 16 8 John Davis 3 16 8 John Dove 3 16 8 James Drake 3 16 8 John Dobson Ent. from Artillery Comp. the 9th Novr. 2 3 4 Adam Evans 3 16 8 Henry Earlston 3 16 8 William French 3 16 8 William Fisher 3 16 8 William Greenwood 3 16 8 John Grainger 3 16 8 William Henderson 3 16 8 John Houston 3 16 8 Edward Haddock 3 16 8 Philip Hayes 3 16 8 John Hammond 3 16 8 John Hill 3 16 8 Thomas Houching 3 16 8 Private Carr. Over £ 142 9 2 Carried Over £ 1255 11 11 1/2 | The privates of the First Company continued from a running total of £46 0s 0d. Brought forward, £1,253 11s 11½d Privates brought forward, £46 0s 0d Mark Batts, transferred from the Third Company on 10 October, £3 8s 4d Edward Corker, £3 16s 8d William Clissold, £3 16s 8d Patrick Conner, £3 16s 8d John Chelton, £3 16s 8d William Coppen, £3 16s 8d Abraham Clarke, to 4 December, when he died, £2 14s 2d Anthony Clarke, £3 16s 8d Arundel Carnes, £3 16s 8d John Davis, £3 16s 8d John Dow, £3 16s 8d James Drake, £3 16s 8d John Dobson, transferred from the artillery company on 9 November, £2 3s 4d Adam Evans, £3 16s 8d Henry Eckstein, £3 16s 8d William French, £3 16s 8d William Fisher, £3 16s 8d William Greenwood, £3 16s 8d John Grainger, £3 16s 8d William Henderson, £3 16s 8d John Houston, £3 16s 8d Edward Haddock, £3 16s 8d Philip Hayes, £3 16s 8d John Hammond, £3 16s 8d John Hitt, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hutchings, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £142 9s 2d Carried forward, £1,253 11s 11½d Interpretations John Dobson came into the First Company as a private on 9 November 1769. In the quarter to September he had been a bombardier in the artillery, at 18d a day. As a private of foot he drew 10d. Men usually moved from the infantry to the guns for the higher pay, and it was unusual to go the other way. A bombardier who left the artillery for the ranks of a company of foot had almost certainly been broken for some offence, and he lost nearly half his daily pay as a result. The pay list records only the transfer and its date. Abraham Clarke died on 4 December 1769. He had enlisted on 1 April, probably as one of the recruits landed from the Duke of Albany, and he had served for only eight months. | |
47 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1255 11 11 1/2 Private brought Over 142 9 2 Francis Harding transf. to the Artill. Comp. the 6th Novemr. 1 14 2 William Jones 3 16 8 Thomas Love 3 16 8 Duncan McClaron 3 16 8 William Mumford 3 16 8 John McAllister 3 16 8 James Miller 3 16 8 William Mudge 3 16 8 Patrick Nowland 3 16 8 William Page 3 16 8 William Robinson 3 16 8 Silvanus Ross 3 16 8 Thomas Rogers 3 16 8 Anthony Reynolds 3 16 8 George Roe 3 16 8 William Swaby 3 16 8 John Shuns 3 16 8 John Stewart 3 16 8 Edward Stevenson 3 16 8 James Swanson 3 16 8 Joseph Stacy 3 16 8 James Snell 3 16 8 William Smelt 3 16 8 William Tipper 3 16 8 John Tanton 3 16 8 Thomas Townsend 3 16 8 Joseph Valentine 3 16 8 Private Carr. Over £ 243 16 8 Carried over £ 1255 11 11 1/2 | The privates of the First Company continued from a running total of £142 9s 2d. Brought forward, £1,253 11s 11½d Privates brought forward, £142 9s 2d Francis Harding, to 8 November, then transferred to the artillery company, £1 14s 2d William Jones, £3 16s 8d Thomas Love, £3 16s 8d Duncan McLaren, £3 16s 8d William Mumford, £3 16s 8d John McAllister, £3 16s 8d James Miller, £3 16s 8d William Mudge, £3 16s 8d Patrick Newland, £3 16s 8d William Page, £3 16s 8d William Robinson, £3 16s 8d Silvanus Relf, £3 16s 8d Thomas Rogers, £3 16s 8d Anthony Reynolds, £3 16s 8d George Roe, £3 16s 8d William Swaby, £3 16s 8d John Shuns, £3 16s 8d John Stewart, £3 16s 8d Edward Stevenson, £3 16s 8d James Swanson, £3 16s 8d Joseph Stacy, £3 16s 8d James Snell, £3 16s 8d William Smelt, £3 16s 8d William Tipper, £3 16s 8d John Tanton, £3 16s 8d Thomas Townsend, £3 16s 8d Joseph Valentine, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £243 16s 8d Carried forward, £1,253 11s 11½d Interpretations Francis Harding left the First Company for the artillery on 8 November 1769. John Dobson came the other way the next day, broken from bombardier to private. As with the earlier exchanges between companies, the two moves kept the First Company's numbers level. Here the swap also replaced a disgraced artilleryman with a willing volunteer. Harding gained 2d a day as a matross, while the guns lost a man who could no longer be trusted with a bombardier's work. George Roe and Thomas Townsend, the two sergeants reduced to the ranks in late July 1769, served the whole quarter as privates. Neither had won back his stripes after five months. | |
48 | 15th January Brought Over £ 1255 11 11 1/2 Private brought over 243 16 8 John Wittendale 3 16 8 Benjamin Wise 3 16 8 Thomas Windall 3 16 8 George Wall 3 16 8 Bartholomew Welch 3 16 8 George Watts Ent. from 2 Octr. 3 15 10 266 15 10 Second Company viz. Henry Bazett Capt. Saly. 59 6 3 Michael Frost 1 Lieut. 27 7 6 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4 1/2 Thomas Lambert 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 John Bazett 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Sergeants viz. Robert Hopkinson 7 13 4 John Salisbury 7 13 4 William Merrick 7 13 4 Francis Seale 7 13 4 30 13 4 Corporals viz. Joseph Whaley 5 7 4 Joseph McAtney 5 7 4 Corpl. Carr. over £ 10 14 8 Carr. over £ 1713 8 | The First Company's privates closed at £266 15s 10d, and the pay list of the Second Company followed. Brought forward, £1,255 11s 11½d Privates brought forward, £243 16s 8d John Whittingdale, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Wise, £3 16s 8d Thomas Windall, £3 16s 8d George Wall, £3 16s 8d Bartholomew Welsh, £3 16s 8d George Watts, enlisted from 2 October, £3 15s 10d Total for the First Company's privates, £266 15s 10d Second Company Henry Bazett, captain, salary, £59 6s 3d Michael Frost, first lieutenant Salary, £27 7s 6d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Michael Frost, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Lambert, second lieutenant Salary, £22 16s 3d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Lambert, £32 3s 1½d John Bazett, second lieutenant Salary, £22 16s 3d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Bazett, £32 3s 1½d Sergeants Robert Hopkinson, £7 13s 4d John Salisbury, £7 13s 4d William Merrick, £7 13s 4d Francis Seale, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £30 13s 4d Corporals Joseph Whaley, £5 7s 4d Joseph McAtteny, £5 7s 4d Corporals carried forward, £10 14s 8d Carried forward, £1,713 8s 0d Interpretations George Watts was one of the three island-born boys enlisted on 2 October 1769, taken on to serve as a drummer. He was paid as a private, at 10d a day, not at the drummer's 14d drawn by John Martin and the other grown drummers in the same company. To make way for the boys, the Council had sent three of its drummers into the ranks. The Company thus gained three trained men for the line and filled their places with boys on lower pay, who would learn the calls under the drum major. The arrangement added to the garrison's strength and cut its wage bill in the same stroke. | |
49 | 1770 Brought over £ 1713 8 Corporals brought over £ 10 14 8 William Harris 5 7 4 William Jones 5 7 4 21 9 4 Drummers viz. John Brown 5 7 4 Patrick Edington 5 7 4 10 14 8 Private viz. Robert Allum 3 16 8 William Birch 3 16 8 William Brooks 3 16 8 Daniel Bye 3 16 8 Jacob Brown to 7th Novr. died 1 11 8 Henry Batchelor 3 16 8 John Blavin 3 16 8 William Congreve 3 16 8 John Crawley 3 16 8 William Carfoe 3 16 8 William Carter 3 16 8 John Cunningham 3 16 8 William Drinnan 3 16 8 John Dailey 3 16 8 Peter Ellum 3 16 8 John Forbes 3 16 8 William Fullwood 3 16 8 John Goodsole 3 16 8 John Gray 3 16 8 Robert Green 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 74 3 4 Carr. over £ 1745 12 | The Second Company's pay list continued from a running total of £1,713 8s 0d. Brought forward, £1,713 8s 0d Corporals brought forward, £10 14s 8d William Harris, £5 7s 4d William Jones, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £21 9s 4d Drummers John Brown, £5 7s 4d Patrick Edington, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Privates Robert Allum, £3 16s 8d William Birch, £3 16s 8d William Brooks, £3 16s 8d Daniel Bye, £3 16s 8d Jacob Brown, to 7 November, when he died, £1 11s 8d Henry Batchelor, £3 16s 8d John Blain, £3 16s 8d William Congreve, £3 16s 8d John Crawley, £3 16s 8d William Carfoe, £3 16s 8d William Carter, £3 16s 8d John Cunningham, £3 16s 8d William Drinnan, £3 16s 8d John Dailey, £3 16s 8d Peter Ellum, £3 16s 8d John Forbes, £3 16s 8d William Fullerd, £3 16s 8d John Goodsole, £3 16s 8d John Grey, £3 16s 8d Robert Green, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £74 3s 4d Carried forward, £1,745 12s 0d Interpretations Jacob Brown died on 7 November 1769, and Abraham Clarke of the First Company on 4 December. In the quarter to June, six privates had died within two months, most of them in April and May. The spring quarter of October to December saw far fewer deaths so far. The worst months for the garrison were those that followed the arrival of recruits landed weak from long voyages, not the months of milder weather on the island itself. | |
50 | 15th January Brought Over £ 1745 12 Private brought over £ 74 3 4 Philip Gleason 3 16 8 Robt. Richd. Grosvenor 3 16 8 William Harris 3 16 8 Abraham Harding 3 16 8 Samuel Hikes 3 16 8 John Holbrook 3 16 8 James Hudson 3 16 8 Thomas Hayles 3 16 8 John Ham 3 16 8 William Hunt 3 16 8 Augustine Hitchcock 3 16 8 Charles Holloway 3 16 8 Thomas Hart 3 16 8 Robert Hardy 3 16 8 Samuel Inston 3 16 8 William Johnson 3 16 8 John James 3 16 8 Francis Jackson 3 16 8 John Jacobs 3 16 8 Samuel Kitson 3 16 8 Henry Kirkham 3 16 8 John King 3 16 8 William Kingscott 3 16 8 Thomas Little 3 16 8 Henry Miller 3 16 8 John Morris 3 16 8 John McCullen 3 16 8 William McBeath 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 181 15 Carr. over £ 1745 12 | The privates of the Second Company continued from a running total of £74 3s 4d. Brought forward, £1,745 12s 0d Privates brought forward, £74 3s 4d Philip Gleason, £3 16s 8d Robert Richard Grosvenor, £3 16s 8d William Harris, £3 16s 8d Abraham Harding, £3 16s 8d Samuel Hiles, £3 16s 8d John Holbrook, £3 16s 8d James Hudson, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hayles, £3 16s 8d John Ham, £3 16s 8d William Hunt, £3 16s 8d Augustine Hitchcock, £3 16s 8d Charles Holloway, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hart, £3 16s 8d Robert Hardie, £3 16s 8d Samuel Jordan, £3 16s 8d William Johnson, £3 16s 8d John James, £3 16s 8d Francis Jackson, £3 16s 8d John Jacobs, £3 16s 8d Samuel Kitson, £3 16s 8d Henry Kirkham, £3 16s 8d John King, £3 16s 8d William Kingsford, £3 16s 8d Thomas Little, £3 16s 8d Henry Miller, £3 16s 8d John Morris, £3 16s 8d John McCullen, £3 16s 8d William McBeth, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £181 15s 0d Carried forward, £1,745 12s 0d Interpretations Robert Richard Grosvenor, the deserter from Bombay handed over by Captain Abercromby of the Grenville, drew his first full quarter's pay as a private of the Second Company. The Council had decided on 17 August 1769 to hold him to his five-year engagement in the St Helena garrison rather than send him back to India. Four months later he stood on the roll beside the volunteers. No mark of his desertion appeared in his pay. | |
51 | 1770 Brought over £ 1745 12 Private brought over £ 181 15 Thomas Matthews 3 16 8 Thomas Morgan 3 16 8 Reeves Osborne 3 16 8 George Oliver 3 16 8 Samuel Perry 3 16 8 John Pavey 3 16 8 Stephen Piper 3 16 8 Jacob Peters 3 16 8 Samuel Packer 3 16 8 Thomas Palmer 3 16 8 William Richardson 3 16 8 John Christian Rose 3 16 8 Thomas Powers 3 16 8 Gregory Southwood 3 16 8 Frederick Shaffer 3 16 8 George Short 3 16 8 John Sabourin 3 16 8 Benjamin Seale Ent. 2 Octr. 3 15 10 John Tucker 3 16 8 John Vaughan 3 16 8 Francis Venable 3 16 8 John Wyett 3 16 8 266 0 10 Third Company viz. Richard Beale Capt. 59 6 3 Thos. Bazett 1st Lieut. 27 7 6 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4 1/2 Carried over £ 2107 13 5 1/2 | The Second Company's privates closed at £266 0s 10d, and the pay list of the Third Company followed. Brought forward, £1,745 12s 0d Privates brought forward, £181 15s 0d Thomas Matthews, £3 16s 8d Thomas Morgan, £3 16s 8d Reeves Osborne, £3 16s 8d George Oliver, £3 16s 8d Samuel Perry, £3 16s 8d John Pavey, £3 16s 8d Stephen Price, £3 16s 8d Jacob Peters, £3 16s 8d Samuel Packer, £3 16s 8d Thomas Palmer, £3 16s 8d William Richardson, £3 16s 8d John Christian Rose, £3 16s 8d Thomas Towers, £3 16s 8d Gregory Southwood, £3 16s 8d Frederick Shaffer, £3 16s 8d George Street, £3 16s 8d John Sabourin, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Seale, enlisted 2 October, £3 15s 10d John Tucker, £3 16s 8d John Vaughan, £3 16s 8d Francis Venable, £3 16s 8d John Wyatt, £3 16s 8d Total for the Second Company's privates, £266 0s 10d Third Company Richard Beale, captain, salary, £59 6s 3d Thomas Bazett, first lieutenant Salary, £27 7s 6d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Carried forward, £2,107 13s 8½d Interpretations Richard Beale drew a full quarter's pay as captain of the Third Company to 31 December 1769. The Richard Beale who served as judge advocate and schoolmaster had his pay stopped at his death on 7 October. The captain was therefore a different man, Richard Beale junior, who had sat in the vestry in September. The elderly petitioner of 4 September was his father. The captaincy had not been a sinecure held by a man of 73, as an earlier reading of the pay lists suggested, but the active command of the son. Samuel Packer and Thomas Palmer served the quarter as privates. Packer had been reduced from sergeant in July and Palmer from corporal in September, and neither regained his rank. Benjamin Seale, one of the island-born boys enlisted on 2 October, drew a private's pay, as George Watts did in the First Company. | |
52 | 15th January Brought over £ 2107 13 5 1/2 Thomas Statham 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Richard Mason 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Sergeants viz. James Goudy at 2/8 p day 12 5 4 David Scott 7 13 4 William Clifton 7 13 4 Thomas Hodges as Corporal 30 days £ 1 10 do. as Sergeant 62 days 5 3 4 6 13 4 34 10 4 Corporals viz. William Hill William Hamilton private 30 days £ 1 5 do. Corporal 62 days 3 12 4 4 17 4 Thomas Nash private 44 days £ 1 16 8 do. Corporal 48 do. 2 16 4 12 8 George Short private 38 days £ 2 8 4 do. Corporal 54 do. 1 19 2 4 8 19 5 4 Drummers viz. John Swaits 5 7 4 George Varney 5 7 4 10 14 8 Carried over £ 2236 10 1/2 | The Third Company's pay list continued from a running total of £2,107 13s 8½d. Brought forward, £2,107 13s 8½d Thomas Statham, second lieutenant Salary, £22 16s 3d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Statham, £32 3s 1½d Richard Mason, second lieutenant Salary, £22 16s 3d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Richard Mason, £32 3s 1½d Sergeants James Goudy, sergeant major, at 2s 8d a day, £12 5s 4d David Scott, £7 13s 4d William Clifton, £7 13s 4d Thomas Hedges, 30 days as corporal, £1 15s 0d, and 62 days as sergeant, £5 3s 4d, £6 18s 4d Total for sergeants, £34 10s 4d Corporals William Hill, £5 7s 4d William Hamilton, 30 days as private, £1 5s 0d, and 62 days as corporal, £3 12s 4d, £4 17s 4d Thomas Nash, 44 days as private, £1 16s 8d, and 48 days as corporal, £2 16s 0d, £4 12s 8d George Short, 58 days as private, £2 8s 4d, and 34 days as corporal, £1 19s 8d, £4 8s 0d Total for corporals, £19 5s 4d Drummers John Twaits, £5 7s 4d George Varney, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Carried forward, £2,236 10s 0½d Interpretations The Third Company lost three of its non-commissioned officers during the quarter. Thomas Taylor, a sergeant, no longer appeared on the roll, and the corporals Richard Ashford and George Towns had gone. Thomas Hedges rose to sergeant at the end of October. William Hamilton took his corporal's place the same day, and Thomas Nash and George Short followed in mid and late November. The pay list does not say whether the men who left were discharged, transferred or reduced. The company again filled every vacancy from below, so that by December it had its full complement of sergeants and corporals, three of them newly made. Richard Mason, the cadet commissioned on 28 August 1769 in place of the late Lieutenant Welch, drew his first full quarter as a second lieutenant, at exactly the same pay as Thomas Statham. | |
53 | 1770 Brought over £ 2236 10 1/2 Private viz. Richd. Ashford Corporal 44 days £ 2 11 4 do. Private 48 do. 2 4 11 4 James Anderson 3 16 8 Jacob Butt 3 16 8 John Blenheim 3 16 8 Frederick William Beard 3 16 8 Mark Batts to 9th Octr. transf. to 1 Company 7 6 Abel Bagnel 3 16 8 John Cork 3 16 8 Robert Court 3 16 8 Thomas Connell 3 16 8 Philip Cork 3 16 8 Edward Dudley 3 16 8 James Donnavan 3 16 8 William Edwards 3 16 8 Charles Egells 3 16 8 William Foster 3 16 8 Archibald Grayham 3 16 8 William Gunnup 3 16 8 William Griffin 3 16 8 Felix Hyder 3 16 8 William Hopkins 3 16 8 Thomas Hilcock 3 16 8 Joseph Holloway 3 16 8 Mainard Hayes 3 16 8 Peter Higgins 3 16 8 Edward Hazell 3 16 8 John Hilliard 3 16 8 Private Carried over £ 100 15 6 Carried over £ 2236 10 1/2 | The Third Company's privates were listed from a running total of £2,236 10s 0½d. Brought forward, £2,236 10s 0½d Privates Richard Ashford, 44 days as corporal, £2 11s 4d, and 48 days as private, £2 0s 0d, £4 11s 4d James Anderson, £3 16s 8d Jacob Butt, £3 16s 8d John Blackburn, £3 16s 8d Frederick William Beard, £3 16s 8d Mark Batts, to 9 October, then transferred to the First Company, £0 7s 6d Abel Bagnel, £3 16s 8d John Cook, £3 16s 8d Robert Court, £3 16s 8d Thomas Connel, £3 16s 8d Philip Cook, £3 16s 8d Edward Dudley, £3 16s 8d James Donnavan, £3 16s 8d William Edwards, £3 16s 8d Charles Egells, £3 16s 8d William Foster, £3 16s 8d Archibald Grayham, £3 16s 8d William Gunnup, £3 16s 8d William Griffin, £3 16s 8d Felix Hyder, £3 16s 8d William Hopkins, £3 16s 8d Thomas Kilcock, £3 16s 8d Joseph Holloway, £3 16s 8d Maynard Hayes, £3 16s 8d Peter Higgins, £3 16s 8d Edward Hazell, £3 16s 8d John Hilliard, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £100 15s 6d Carried forward, £2,236 10s 0½d Interpretations Richard Ashford served 44 days as a corporal and was then reduced to private on 13 November 1769. Thomas Nash took his place the next day, as the corporals' list on the previous page recorded. Ashford had held his stripes since before April 1769 without a break. His reduction, like the others in the garrison that year, was entered only as a change of pay on a fixed day, with nothing to show the offence that caused it. | |
54 | 15th January Brought over £ 2236 10 1/2 Private brought over £ 100 15 6 Josiah Johnson 3 16 8 John Hayes Entd. 2 Oct. 3 15 10 Robert Johnston 3 16 8 Richard Johnson 3 16 8 William Johnson 3 16 8 Samuel Johnson 3 16 8 James Kemp 3 16 8 John Long 3 16 8 Edward Lamburn 3 16 8 Bryan Lynch 3 16 8 George Littleton 3 16 8 Richard Moyce 3 16 8 Thomas Morriss 3 16 8 John Miller 3 16 8 Abraham Major 3 16 8 Thomas Matthews 3 16 8 Daniel Masterson 3 16 8 Joseph Martin 3 16 8 William Medcalf 3 16 8 Charles Morriss 3 16 8 John Merrall 3 16 8 Abraham Miller 3 16 8 James Mannington 3 16 8 James Moyce transf. to the 4th Comp. the 1 Octr. 10 Thomas Perry 3 16 8 Henry Pinchon 3 16 8 William Perkins 3 16 8 David Patton 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 204 3 6 Carried over £ 2236 10 1/2 | The privates of the Third Company continued from a running total of £100 15s 6d. Brought forward, £2,236 10s 0½d Privates brought forward, £100 15s 6d Josiah Johnson, £3 16s 8d John Hayes, enlisted 2 October, £3 15s 10d Robert Johnston, £3 16s 8d Richard Johnson, £3 16s 8d William Johnson, £3 16s 8d Samuel Johnson, £3 16s 8d James Kemp, £3 16s 8d John Long, £3 16s 8d Edward Lambert, £3 16s 8d Bryan Lynch, £3 16s 8d George Littleton, £3 16s 8d Richard Moyce, £3 16s 8d Thomas Morris, £3 16s 8d John Miller, £3 16s 8d Abraham Major, £3 16s 8d Thomas Matthews, £3 16s 8d Daniel Masterson, £3 16s 8d Joseph Martin, £3 16s 8d William Metcalf, £3 16s 8d Charles Morris, £3 16s 8d John Merritt, £3 16s 8d Abraham Miller, £3 16s 8d James Mannington, £3 16s 8d James Moyce, to 1 October, then transferred to the Fourth Company, £0 0s 10d Thomas Perry, £3 16s 8d Henry Pincheon, £3 16s 8d William Perkins, £3 16s 8d David Patton, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £204 5s 6d Carried forward, £2,236 10s 0½d Interpretations John Hayes, enlisted on 2 October 1769, was the third of the island-born boys taken on that day, entered in the Council's minutes as Thomas Hayes and engaged to serve as a fifer. Like George Watts and Benjamin Seale, he drew a private's pay of 10d a day. The three boys were placed one in each of the First, Second and Third Companies, so that each company gained a young musician to train. James Moyce left the Third Company on the first day of the quarter for the Fourth, drawing a single day's pay of 10d. | |
55 | 1770 Brought Over £ 2236 10 1/2 Private brought over £ 204 3 6 James Proctor 3 16 8 Richard Penny 3 16 8 Robert Stack 3 16 8 Adam Scott 3 16 8 Arthur Scott 3 16 8 William Smith 3 16 8 John Shorland 3 16 8 George Smith 3 16 8 Richard Slater 3 16 8 John Thompson 3 16 8 James Trulivan Entd. 13th Octr. 3 6 8 Thomas Taylor Sergt. 30 days £ 2 10 do. Private 62 do. 2 11 8 5 1 8 George Towns Corporal 38 days 3 6 8 do. Private 54 do. 1 8 4 4 15 Thomas Ward 3 16 8 Hutton Waller 3 16 8 James York 3 16 8 267 5 6 Fourth Company viz. John Howard Captain 59 6 3 Samuel Desfountain 1 Lieut. 27 7 6 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4 1/2 James Greentree 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Carried over £ 2631 19 3 1/2 | The Third Company's privates closed at £267 5s 6d, and the pay list of the Fourth Company followed. Brought forward, £2,236 10s 0½d Privates brought forward, £204 5s 6d James Proctor, £3 16s 8d Richard Penny, £3 16s 8d Robert Stack, £3 16s 8d Adam Scott, £3 16s 8d Arthur Shell, £3 16s 8d William Smith, £3 16s 8d John Shotland, £3 16s 8d George Smith, £3 16s 8d Richard Slater, £3 16s 8d John Thompson, £3 16s 8d James Sullivan, enlisted 13 October, £3 6s 8d Thomas Taylor, 30 days as sergeant, £2 10s 0d, and 62 days as private, £2 11s 8d, £5 1s 8d George Towns, 58 days as corporal, £3 6s 8d, and 34 days as private, £1 8s 4d, £4 15s 0d Thomas Ward, £3 16s 8d Hutton Walter, £3 16s 8d James York, £3 16s 8d Total for the Third Company's privates, £267 5s 6d Fourth Company John Howard, captain, £59 6s 3d Samuel Desfountain, first lieutenant Salary, £27 7s 6d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Samuel Desfountain, £36 14s 4½d James Greentree, second lieutenant Salary, £22 16s 3d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Greentree, £32 3s 1½d Carried forward, £2,631 19s 3½d Interpretations Thomas Taylor and George Towns had not left the Third Company, as their absence from the sergeants' and corporals' lists suggested. Both were reduced to the ranks. Taylor lost his sergeant's place on 30 October 1769 after only five months in it, and Thomas Hedges replaced him the next day. Towns lost his corporal's stripes on 28 November, and George Short rose in his place on 29 November. With Richard Ashford's reduction on 13 November, three non-commissioned officers of the same company were broken within a month. The pattern was the same as in the First Company in July, a cluster of reductions in a few weeks, which points to a single episode of misconduct or a new and stricter commander. James Sullivan, the invalid from Madras enlisted on 13 October 1769 with a £5 bounty, drew 80 days' pay in the Third Company. He died on 12 January 1770. | |
56 | 15th January Brought over £ 2631 19 3 1/2 Robert Gulding 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Sergeants viz. John Moir 7 13 4 John Deal 7 13 4 John Terry 7 13 4 Thomas Hilliard 7 13 4 30 13 4 Corporals viz. Thomas Williams 5 7 4 Thomas Kylock 5 7 4 Francis Flynn 5 7 4 Thomas Ferris 26th Octr. broke £ 1 10 4 do. Private from 27 do. 2 15 4 5 4 20 7 4 Drummers viz. George Wills 5 7 4 John Campton 1 day Drummr. £ 1 2 do. Private 91 days 3 15 10 3 17 James Moyce Ent. from 2 Comp. 2 Octr. 5 6 2 14 10 6 Private viz. John Allen 3 16 8 William Allen 3 16 8 Daniel Armin to 5th Octr. died 4 2 Private Carr. over £ 7 17 6 Carried over £ 2729 13 7 | The Fourth Company's pay list continued from a running total of £2,631 19s 3½d. Brought forward, £2,631 19s 3½d Robert Gosling, second lieutenant Salary, £22 16s 3d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Gosling, £32 3s 1½d Sergeants John Moir, £7 13s 4d John Deal, £7 13s 4d John Terry, £7 13s 4d Thomas Pillard, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £30 13s 4d Corporals Thomas Williams, £5 7s 4d Thomas Kyloch, £5 7s 4d Francis Flower, £5 7s 4d Thomas Ferris, as corporal to 26 October, £1 10s 4d, and as private from 27 October, £2 15s 0d, £4 5s 4d Total for corporals, £20 7s 4d Drummers George Wills, £5 7s 4d John Campton, 1 day as drummer, £0 1s 2d, and 91 days as private, £3 15s 10d, £3 17s 0d James Moyce, transferred from the Third Company on 2 October, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £14 10s 6d Privates John Allen, £3 16s 8d William Allen, £3 16s 8d Daniel Armin, to 5 October, when he died, £0 4s 2d Privates carried forward, £7 17s 6d Carried forward, £2,729 13s 7d Interpretations John Campton served a single day as drummer and went into the ranks on 2 October 1769, the day the Council enlisted three island boys and moved three grown drummers to be privates. The other three companies each received a boy in place of the drummer they lost. The Fourth Company received none. James Moyce, a grown soldier who had re-enlisted for £10 in June, came across from the Third Company the same day and drew a drummer's full pay of 14d. The Council evidently had only three boys to place and filled the fourth company's drum with a trained man. Daniel Armin was paid to 5 October 1769, the day the ledge of rock fell on him at Munden's Point. His four days' pay of 4s 2d was the last entry for a soldier who had taken a £10 bounty to serve five more years only six months before. Thomas Ferris, raised to corporal in June, was reduced on 27 October, the third non-commissioned officer broken in the garrison within a fortnight that autumn. | |
57 | 1770 Brought over £ 2729 13 7 Private brought over £ 7 17 6 William Brown Ent. from Artill. Comp. 10th Novr. 2 3 4 George Bennett 3 16 8 John Bowler 3 16 8 William Blackman 3 16 8 Joseph Blackwell 3 16 8 Thomas Bailey 3 16 8 Richard Bickerstaff 3 16 8 William Cockray 3 16 8 Duncan Cameron 3 16 8 James Culshaw 3 16 8 Richard Close 3 16 8 Josiah Cummings 3 16 8 John Cleman 3 16 8 Thomas Christian 3 16 8 John Custon 3 16 8 Charles Field 3 16 8 Henry Friendly 3 16 8 George Green 3 16 8 John Gillmore 3 16 8 Benjamin Garrard 3 16 8 Edward Gorman 3 16 8 Henry Hemingway 3 16 8 Roger Haydon 3 16 8 John Harper 3 16 8 Henry Hamilton 3 16 8 Christian Johnson 3 16 8 John Joyce 3 16 8 James Jordon 3 16 8 Private Carried over £ 113 10 10 Carried over £ 2729 13 7 | The privates of the Fourth Company continued from a running total of £7 17s 6d. Brought forward, £2,729 13s 7d Privates brought forward, £7 17s 6d William Brown, transferred from the artillery company on 10 November, £2 3s 4d George Bennett, £3 16s 8d John Bowler, £3 16s 8d William Blackman, £3 16s 8d Joseph Blackwell, £3 16s 8d Thomas Bailey, £3 16s 8d Richard Bickerstaff, £3 16s 8d William Cocksey, £3 16s 8d Duncan Cameron, £3 16s 8d James Culshew, £3 16s 8d Richard Close, £3 16s 8d Josiah Cummings, £3 16s 8d John Coleman, £3 16s 8d Thomas Christian, £3 16s 8d John Euston, £3 16s 8d Charles Field, £3 16s 8d Henry Friendly, £3 16s 8d George Green, £3 16s 8d John Gillmore, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Garrard, £3 16s 8d Edward Gorman, £3 16s 8d Henry Honeyburg, £3 16s 8d Roger Hayden, £3 16s 8d John Harper, £3 16s 8d Henry Hamilton, £3 16s 8d Christian Johnson, £3 16s 8d John Joyce, £3 16s 8d James Jordan, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £113 10s 10d Carried forward, £2,729 13s 7d Interpretations William Brown, a matross of the artillery, joined the Fourth Company as a private on 10 November 1769. John Dobson had left the guns for the First Company the day before, and Francis Harding had gone the other way on 8 November. When two artillerymen were sent back to the infantry on consecutive days and a volunteer from the infantry was taken in to replace them, the likeliest explanation is that the artillery's commander was weeding out men he no longer wanted. Thomas Bazett had held that command since June 1769. A matross who returned to the line lost 2d a day, and a bombardier like Dobson lost 8d. | |
58 | 15th January Brought over £ 2729 13 7 Private brought over £ 113 10 10 Richard Kempton 3 16 8 Thomas Lyne 3 16 8 Charles Lewellen 3 16 8 Murdock McCloud 3 16 8 Thomas McDearman 3 16 8 John Meyer 3 16 8 Robert May 3 16 8 William Morgan 3 16 8 Jonathan Mallet 3 16 8 John Moyce 3 16 8 John Newton 3 16 8 James Newport 3 16 8 Robert Nichols Transf. to Artillery Compy. 10th Novr. 1 13 4 John Oswald 3 16 8 Daniel Patrick 3 16 8 John Pluck 3 16 8 William Parker 3 16 8 Thomas Pritchard 3 16 8 John Pink 3 16 8 Benjamin Pool 3 16 8 James Richardson 3 16 8 Thomas Rutherford 3 16 8 John Shaw 3 16 8 William Scotman 3 16 8 John Slade 3 16 8 James Sax 3 16 8 William Steadman 3 16 8 William Sharp 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 218 14 2 Carried over £ 2729 13 7 | The privates of the Fourth Company continued from a running total of £113 10s 10d. Brought forward, £2,729 13s 7d Privates brought forward, £113 10s 10d Richard Kempton, £3 16s 8d Thomas Lyne, £3 16s 8d Charles Lewellen, £3 16s 8d Murdo McLeod, £3 16s 8d Thomas McDearman, £3 16s 8d John Moyer, £3 16s 8d Robert May, £3 16s 8d William Morgan, £3 16s 8d Jonathan Mallett, £3 16s 8d John Moyce, £3 16s 8d John Newton, £3 16s 8d James Newport, £3 16s 8d Robert Mitchell, to 10 November, then transferred to the artillery company, £1 13s 4d John Oswald, £3 16s 8d Daniel Patrick, £3 16s 8d John Pluck, £3 16s 8d William Parker, £3 16s 8d Thomas Pritchard, £3 16s 8d John Pink, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Pearle, £3 16s 8d James Richardson, £3 16s 8d Thomas Rutherford, £3 16s 8d John Shaw, £3 16s 8d William Seltman, £3 16s 8d John Slade, £3 16s 8d James Sax, £3 16s 8d William Steadman, £3 16s 8d William Sharpe, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £218 14s 2d Carried forward, £2,729 13s 7d Interpretations Robert Mitchell left the Fourth Company for the artillery on 10 November 1769, the same day William Brown came the other way. Francis Harding and John Dobson had changed places between the First Company and the artillery a day earlier. The November moves were therefore two straight exchanges, one man for another, not a one-sided clearing out of the gun crews. Each company kept its numbers, and the artillery swapped two of its men for two volunteers from the infantry. Dobson's loss of a bombardier's rank still marks him as a man the guns wanted rid of. Brown's move may have been his own choice, or simply the price of making room for Mitchell. | |
59 | 1770 Brought over £ 2729 13 7 Private brought over £ 218 14 2 John Tollingdale 3 16 8 Stephen Vanderhorst 3 16 8 Jeremiah Wherritt 3 16 8 William West 3 16 8 Thomas Watts 3 16 8 James Wilson 3 16 8 Samuel Wilson 3 16 8 Peter White 3 16 8 John Woods 3 16 8 John Woods 3 16 8 George Wood to 26th advancd. £ 1 1 8 do. Corpl. from 27th 3 17 4 18 8 Joseph West 3 16 8 Thomas Johnson 3 16 8 269 12 10 Artillery Company viz. Thomas Leech 1 Lieut. 27 7 6 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4 1/2 John Shirley 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Robert Gibson 2 Lieut. upon half pay 13 13 9 do. diet Money 3 8 5 1/2 do. House Rent 1 5 18 7 2 1/2 Carried over £ 3086 11 1 1/2 | The Fourth Company's privates closed at £269 12s 10d, and the pay list of the artillery company followed. Brought forward, £2,729 13s 7d Privates brought forward, £218 14s 2d John Tottendall, £3 16s 8d Stephen Vanderhorst, £3 16s 8d Jeremiah Sherrell, £3 16s 8d William West, £3 16s 8d Thomas Watts, £3 16s 8d James Wilson, £3 16s 8d Samuel Wilson, £3 16s 8d Peter White, £3 16s 8d John Woods, £3 16s 8d John Woods, £3 16s 8d George Wood, as private to 26 October before promotion, £1 1s 8d, and as corporal from 27 October, £3 17s 0d, £4 18s 8d Joseph West, £3 16s 8d Thomas Johnson, £3 16s 8d Total for the Fourth Company's privates, £269 12s 10d Artillery company Thomas Leech, first lieutenant Salary, £27 7s 6d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Leech, £36 14s 4½d John Kirtley, second lieutenant Salary, £22 16s 3d Table allowance, £6 16s 10½d House rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Kirtley, £32 3s 1½d Robert Gibson, second lieutenant, on half pay Salary, £13 13s 9d Table allowance, £3 8s 5¼d House rent, £1 5s 0d Total for Robert Gibson, £18 7s 2¼d Carried forward, £3,086 11s 1½d Interpretations George Wood rose from private to corporal on 27 October 1769, the day Thomas Ferris lost the rank. The Fourth Company followed the same rule as the others and filled the vacancy at once from the ranks. The promotion was entered among the privates, with the corporal's pay carried in the same line, so the rise could be read in the arithmetic of a single entry. Joseph West, reduced from sergeant in June 1769, served the whole quarter as a private and had not regained his stripes. | |
60 | 15th January Brought over £ 3086 11 1 1/2 Sergeants viz. John Whitchurch 9 4 Adam Watson 9 4 Nicholas Haughton 9 4 John Turner 9 4 36 16 Corporals viz. James Parfitt 6 18 Thomas Syle 6 18 Samuel Smith 6 18 Thomas Jones 6 18 27 12 Bombardiers viz. William Stapleford 16 days £ 1 4 do. Matross 76 do. 3 16 5 Sedgwick Weatherall 6 18 John Dobson 6 days 9 do. Matross 34 do. 1 14 2 3 Charles Abraham 6 18 20 19 Gunners viz. John Smith 6 2 8 John Carfoot 6 days £ 8 do. Bomb. 86 do. 6 9 6 17 Benjamin Holmes to 16th Gunr. £ 1 5 4 do. Bombar. from 17th 5 14 6 19 Thomas Yates 6 2 8 William Hadell 6 2 8 Gunners Carr. over £ 32 4 Carr. over £ 3171 18 1 1/2 | The artillery company's pay list continued from a running total of £3,086 11s 1½d. Brought forward, £3,086 11s 1½d Sergeants John Whitchurch, £9 4s 0d Adam Watson, £9 4s 0d Nicholas Houghton, £9 4s 0d John Turner, £9 4s 0d Total for sergeants, £36 16s 0d Corporals James Parfit, £6 18s 0d Thomas Syle, £6 18s 0d Samuel Smith, £6 18s 0d Thomas Jones, £6 18s 0d Total for corporals, £27 12s 0d Bombardiers William Stapleford, 16 days as bombardier, £1 4s 0d, and 76 days as matross, £3 16s 0d, £5 0s 0d Sedgwick Hetherall, £6 18s 0d John Dobson, 6 days as bombardier, £0 9s 0d, and 34 days as matross, £1 14s 0d, £2 3s 0d Charles Abraham, £6 18s 0d Total for bombardiers, £20 19s 0d Gunners John Smith, £6 2s 8d John Carfoot, 6 days as gunner, £0 8s 0d, and 86 days as bombardier, £6 9s 0d, £6 17s 0d Benjamin Holmes, as gunner to 16 October, £1 1s 4d, and as bombardier from 17 October, £5 14s 0d, £6 15s 4d Thomas Yates, £6 2s 8d William Hadfield, £6 2s 8d Gunners carried forward, £32 0s 4d Carried forward, £3,171 18s 1½d Interpretations Two of the artillery's four bombardiers were broken to matross within ten days in October 1769. John Dobson lost the rank on 6 October and William Stapleford on 16 October. John Carfoot and Benjamin Holmes, both gunners, were raised to bombardier on the day after each reduction. Dobson was then sent out of the artillery altogether on 9 November, into the First Company as a private. Stapleford had taken a £10 bounty to re-enlist only in May. The reductions confirm what the November transfers suggested: the artillery's new commander was dealing hard with men he judged unfit for the trust a bombardier carried, who handled the powder and fuses for the mortars. The swift promotions from among the gunners kept the company at full strength while he did so. | |
61 | 1770 Brought over £ 3171 18 1 1/2 Gunners brought over £ 32 0 4 Samuel Ringrose 6 2 8 George King 6 2 8 James Waller 6 2 8 50 8 4 Drummers viz. George Charriott 5 7 4 Joseph Purdie 5 7 4 10 14 8 Matrosses viz. Benjamin Burton 4 12 William Brown to 9th Novemr. transf. 2 William Blavin 4 12 John Cope 4 12 John Cripwell 4 12 Philip Connaway 4 12 Matthew Charlton 4 12 Robert Cunningham 4 12 William Crabb to 16th advanced £ 16 do. from 17th as Gunner 5 1 4 5 17 4 John Coleman 4 12 William Durham 4 12 James Dunn 4 12 Robert Franklish 4 12 John Fox 4 12 Christian Greenwald 4 12 Thomas Gerrall 4 12 Matthew Dunhill 4 12 Matrosses Carried over £ 76 17 4 Carried over £ 3233 1 1 1/2 | The artillery company's pay list continued from a running total of £3,171 18s 1½d. Brought forward, £3,171 18s 1½d Gunners brought forward, £32 0s 4d Samuel Ringrose, £6 2s 8d George King, £6 2s 8d James Walter, £6 2s 8d Total for gunners, £50 8s 4d Drummers George Chariott, £5 7s 4d Joseph Purdie, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Matrosses Benjamin Burton, £4 12s 0d William Brown, to 9 November, then transferred, £2 0s 0d William Blain, £4 12s 0d John Cope, £4 12s 0d John Cripwell, £4 12s 0d Philip Connaway, £4 12s 0d Matthew Charlton, £4 12s 0d Robert Cunningham, £4 12s 0d William Crabb, as matross to 16 October, £0 16s 0d, and as gunner from 17 October, £5 1s 4d, £5 17s 4d John Coleman, £4 12s 0d William Durham, £4 12s 0d James Dunn, £4 12s 0d Robert Frankish, £4 12s 0d John Fox, £4 12s 0d Christian Greenvale, £4 12s 0d Thomas Gerrill, £4 12s 0d Matthew Dunhill, £4 12s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £76 17s 4d Carried forward, £3,233 1s 1½d Interpretations William Crabb rose from matross to gunner on 17 October 1769, the day Benjamin Holmes left the gunners to replace William Stapleford as bombardier. A single reduction at the top again moved men at every rank below. Stapleford fell from bombardier to matross, Holmes climbed from gunner to bombardier and Crabb from matross to gunner, all within a day. Matthew Dunhill, reduced from gunner in July, remained a matross through the quarter. The artillery thus held three men broken in rank during 1769, Dunhill, Stapleford and Dobson, alongside the volunteers who had come over from the infantry for the higher pay. | |
62 | 15th January Brought over £ 3233 1 1 1/2 Matrosses brought over £ 76 17 4 Thomas Green 4 12 John Glenny 4 12 James Gilmore 4 12 William Hedges 4 12 William Harper 4 12 Owen Howard 4 12 Alexander Henderson 4 12 Francis Harding from 10th Novr. 4 12 William Jenkins 4 12 George Marshall 4 12 John Moore 4 12 Patrick Mahony 4 12 Thomas Nimble 4 12 Esau Nowland 4 12 Robert Nichols from 10th Novr. 2 12 William Phillips 4 12 William Pink to 6th Octr. £ 6 do. Gunner from 7th do. 5 14 8 6 0 8 James Peacock 4 12 William Robinson 4 12 William Stone 4 12 Andrew Schooner 4 12 Godfrey Smith 4 12 Andrew Sedrick 4 12 Richard Waterhouse 4 12 John Wilson 4 12 George Washington 4 12 Samuel Wood 4 12 198 10 Carr. over £ 3431 11 1 1/2 | The artillery matrosses continued from a running total of £76 17s 4d. Brought forward, £3,233 1s 1½d Matrosses brought forward, £76 17s 4d Thomas Green, £4 12s 0d John Glenny, £4 12s 0d James Gilmore, £4 12s 0d William Hedges, £4 12s 0d William Harper, £4 12s 0d Owen Hazard, £4 12s 0d Alexander Henderson, £4 12s 0d Francis Harding, from 10 November, £4 12s 0d William Jenkins, £4 12s 0d George Marshall, £4 12s 0d John Moore, £4 12s 0d Patrick Mahony, £4 12s 0d Thomas Nimble, £4 12s 0d Esau Nowland, £4 12s 0d Robert Nichols, from 10 November, £2 12s 0d William Phillips, £4 12s 0d William Pink, as matross to 6 October, £0 6s 0d, and as gunner from 7 October, £5 14s 8d, £6 0s 8d James Peacock, £4 12s 0d William Robinson, £4 12s 0d William Stone, £4 12s 0d Andrew Schooner, £4 12s 0d Godfrey Smith, £4 12s 0d Andrew Sedrick, £4 12s 0d Richard Waterhouse, £4 12s 0d John Wilson, £4 12s 0d George Washington, £4 12s 0d Samuel Wood, £4 12s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £198 10s 0d Carried forward, £3,431 11s 1½d Interpretations The man who came into the artillery from the Fourth Company on 10 November 1769 was Robert Nichols, not Robert Mitchell as the Fourth Company's entry appeared to read. Nichols was the deserter given up by Captain Hayter of the York and enlisted with a bounty on 27 June 1769. Within five months he had been chosen for the guns, at 2d a day more than a private of foot. The Council's decision to enlist a recovered deserter rather than punish him had produced a soldier whom the artillery's commander was willing to take on in the same weeks that he was turning other men out. William Pink, a recruit of April 1769, became a gunner on 7 October, the day John Carfoot moved up to bombardier in place of John Dobson. Francis Harding's entry carried a full quarter's pay of £4 12s 0d from 10 November, though he had served only seven weeks in the company. | |
63 | 1770 Brought over £ 3431 11 1 1/2 Pensioners viz. Nathan Sampell 13 15 11 Mary Beale 7 10 Elizabeth Kennedy 7 10 John Lemon 3 8 3 32 4 2 £ 3463 15 3 1/2 | The pay list closed with the pensioners and a grand total for the quarter of £3,463 15s 3½d. Brought forward, £3,431 11s 1½d Pensioners Nathan Sample, £13 15s 11d Mary Beale, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Kennedy, £7 10s 0d John Lemon, £3 8s 3d Total for pensioners, £32 4s 2d Total for the quarter, £3,463 15s 3½d Interpretations The wage bill for the quarter to December 1769 came to £3,463 15s 3½d, almost the same as the £3,469 8s 7d of the quarter to September. Pay rates had not changed since the Court's increase of May 1769, and the garrison's numbers held steady. Deaths, discharges and reductions in rank were balanced by the three island boys, recovered deserters and invalids taken into the ranks. The Company's cost of holding St Helena had settled at about £13,900 a year in wages alone, before clothing, provisions and the works. Mary Beale's pension continued unchanged after Richard Beale senior died on 7 October 1769. She had drawn the same £7 10s 0d a quarter while he was alive, so her pension did not arise from his death. No new pension was entered for his family, and none could be until the Court of Directors answered the petition he had not lived to see decided. | |
64 | 15th January Dr. William Wrangham 1769 Decr. 31st To Cash from the Chest £ 4019 7 6 1/2 Carried over £ 4019 7 6 1/2 | The paymaster's account for the quarter charged William Wrangham with the cash he received from the treasury chest. 31 December 1769, cash received from the treasury chest, £4,019 7s 6½d Carried forward, £4,019 7s 6½d Interpretations Wrangham drew £4,019 7s 6½d for the quarter to December 1769, against £4,409 1s 1d in the quarter to September. The wage bill was almost the same in both quarters, so the fall of nearly £390 came from the paymaster's other payments. The September quarter had carried heavy charges for soldiers' labour on the works, especially the 5,467 days at Munden's Point, and for planters' slaves hired to the batteries. With the lime kilns idle for want of coal and the rock magazine abandoned in October, far less labour was paid for on the fortifications in the spring. | |
65 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1769 Octr. 2 By Cash paid Benjamin Seale George Watts and Thomas Hayes £ 2 2 each for Enlistg. to serve the Honble. Company 5 Years as Soldiers to commence this day 6 6 3 By do. pd. the Coroner for an Inquest on the Body of Danl. Armin decd. 1 5 By do. pd. the Clerk of Arraignments 7 6 By do. pd. the Parator of the Court of Justice 5 9th By do. pd. Mark Batts for Relisting to serve the Honble. Company 3 Years longer as a Soldier to commce. this day 10 12th By do. pd. John Price Goaler for 3 Commitmts. and 2 Punishmt. 12 6 13th By do. pd. for 8 Baskets Garden Seeds at £ 1 5 each 10 By do. pd. James Trulivan for Enlisting to serve the Honble. Company 3 Years as a Sold. to commence this day 5 By do. pd. the Coroner for an Inquest held on the Body of Mary Leech decd. 1 5 Novr. 13th By do. pd. William Coppen for informing of the Persons who had Coined false Rupees According to the Advertiz. published last Tuesday 12 Decr. 4th By do. pd. Robt. Cunningham for makg. three Flags for Banks's Battery, Ruperts and Lemon Valley Fortifications 2 10 31 By do. pd. James Goudy for Writing the Courts Martial 4 Months at £ 10 p Ann. 3 6 8 By do. pd. William Jenkins for Baking 117 Batches of Bread 9 15 By do. pd. Willm. French for makg. 63 Sackings for Cotts for the Garrison at 5 1/2 each 1 1 3 By do. pd. Robt. Barclay Surgeon for his trouble in Supplyg. the Sick with fresh Provisions 8 Carried over £ 71 13 4 | The paymaster's payments for the quarter to December 1769 began as follows. 2 October 1769, bounties to Benjamin Seale, George Watts and Thomas Hayes for enlisting as soldiers for five years from that day, at £2 2s 0d each, £6 6s 0d 5 October 1769, the coroner, for an inquest on the body of Daniel Armin, £1 5s 0d 5 October 1769, the clerk of arraignments, £0 7s 6d 5 October 1769, the apparitor of the court of justice, £0 5s 0d 9 October 1769, Mark Batts, bounty for re-enlisting as a soldier for five more years from that day, £10 0s 0d 12 October 1769, John Price, gaoler, for 5 committals to prison, £0 12s 6d 13 October 1769, 8 bushels of garden seeds at £1 5s 0d a bushel, £10 0s 0d 13 October 1769, James Sullivan, bounty for enlisting as a soldier for five years from that day, £5 0s 0d 13 October 1769, the coroner, for an inquest on the body of Mary Leech, £1 5s 0d 13 November 1769, William Coppen, reward for informing against the persons who had coined false rupees, as offered in the notice published the previous Tuesday, £12 0s 0d 4 December 1769, Robert Cunningham, for making three flags for Banks's Battery, Rupert's and the Lemon Valley fortifications, £2 10s 0d 31 December 1769, James Goudy, for writing up the courts martial for four months at £10 a year, £3 6s 8d 31 December 1769, William Jenkins, for baking 117 batches of bread, £9 15s 0d 31 December 1769, William French, for making 63 sackings for the garrison's cots, £1 1s 3d 31 December 1769, Robert Barclay, surgeon, for his trouble in supplying the sick with fresh provisions, £8 0s 0d Carried forward, £71 13s 11d Interpretations William Coppen, a private of the First Company, received £12 for informing against men who had been coining false rupees. The Council had published a notice offering the reward only the Tuesday before. Rupees came to St Helena in the pay of soldiers and sailors returning from India and in the private trade of ships' officers, and they passed alongside sterling in the island's dealings. Counterfeit silver threatened the Company's own treasury, which took in coin for bills on the Court. The reward of £12 was more than three quarters of a private's pay. The Council set it high enough to break the loyalty of the coiners' comrades, and Coppen claimed it within days. James Goudy, the sergeant major, was paid £10 a year for writing up the courts martial from September 1769. On 4 September the Council had told Richard Beale senior, failing and nearly blind, that he must find someone to copy the regimental courts martial while his salary continued. Goudy evidently took up that clerical duty, and after Beale's death in October the Council kept him in it at its own charge. The three island boys received a bounty of £2 2s 0d each, half what grown recruits were paid in June, which matched the lower pay they drew as boys. The inquest on Daniel Armin followed the rock fall at Munden's Point. Robert Barclay was paid £8 for supplying the sick with fresh provisions, a step toward the fresh-meat ration that Corneille had urged for the whole garrison in October. | |
66 | 15th January Dr. William Wrangham 1769 Decr. 31st Brought over £ 4019 7 6 1/2 Carried over £ 4019 7 6 1/2 | The debit side of William Wrangham's account carried the cash charged to him, unchanged, onto a further page. Brought forward, £4,019 7s 6½d Carried forward, £4,019 7s 6½d | |
67 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. Brought over £ 71 13 4 1769 Decr. 31 By Cash paid for the following for the Honble. Compy. Table 23 Fowls£ 1 14 6 6 Pigs 1 10 23 doz. Eggs 1 14 6 10 lb Pork 5 2 doz. Empty Bottles 3 5 7 By do. pd. Daniel Corneille Esqr. his Allowance for Mutton 3 By do. pd. Noqueda Porcelain instead of 13 Ps. Salt Meat 1 6 By do. pd. do. his Allowance 1 12 6 By do. pd. do. his House Rent 1 By do. pd. Maufunga his Allowance 1 12 6 By do. pd. do. his House Rent 1 By do. pd. William Holbrooke for 76 days Work of his apprentice at 1/ p day 3 16 By do. pd. Robert Stack for Relisting to serve the Honble. Compy. 5 Years longer as a Soldier to commence this day 10 By do. pd. James Powell for 199 days Labourers Work of his Slaves at Mundens Battery 9 19 By do. pd. for 631 3/4 lb Beef for the Castle 13 3 3 By do. pd. for 12 lb Veal for do. 6 By do. pd. the Constable for Rats and Mice destroyed this Quarter 1 5 1/2 By do. pd. for the following Work in repairing the Lieut. Governors House 32 days Carpenters Work at 1/6 2 8 6 do. Sawyers do. at 1/6 9 109 do. Labourers do. at 1/ 5 9 Carried over £ 133 7 2 1/2 | The paymaster's payments continued from a running total of £71 13s 11d. Brought forward, £71 13s 11d 31 December 1769, provisions for the Company's table 23 fowls, £1 14s 6d 6 pigs, £1 10s 0d 23 dozen eggs, £1 14s 6d 10 pounds of pork, £0 5s 0d 2 dozen empty bottles, £0 3s 0d Total for provisions, £5 7s 0d 31 December 1769, Daniel Corneille, his allowance for mutton, £3 0s 0d 31 December 1769, Pasqueda Porcelane, cash in place of 13 pieces of salt meat, £1 6s 0d 31 December 1769, Pasqueda Porcelane, his allowance, £1 12s 6d 31 December 1769, Pasqueda Porcelane, his house rent, £1 0s 0d 31 December 1769, Mafungo, his allowance, £1 12s 6d 31 December 1769, Mafungo, his house rent, £1 0s 0d 31 December 1769, William Holbrook, for 76 days' work by his apprentice at 1s a day, £3 16s 0d 31 December 1769, Robert Stack, bounty for re-enlisting as a soldier for five more years from that day, £10 0s 0d 31 December 1769, James Powell, for 199 days of labourers' work by his slaves at Munden's Battery, £9 19s 0d 31 December 1769, 631¾ pounds of beef for the Castle, £13 3s 3d 31 December 1769, 12 pounds of veal for the Castle, £0 6s 0d 31 December 1769, the constable, for rats and mice destroyed in the quarter, £1 5s 0½d 31 December 1769, repairs to the Lieutenant Governor's house 32 days of carpenters' work at 1s 6d a day, £2 8s 0d 6 days of sawyers' work at 1s 6d a day, £0 9s 0d 109 days of labourers' work at 1s a day, £5 9s 0d Carried forward, £133 7s 2½d Interpretations The Castle bought 631¾ pounds of fresh beef in the quarter for £13 3s 3d, at 5d a pound. That was the price the planters charged, which Daniel Corneille told the Council on 13 October 1769 was beyond the reach of any private soldier. The Governor's table ate fresh beef bought from the settlers at that rate, while the garrison went the whole year on salt provisions. Corneille's proposal for a monthly issue of fresh meat to the soldiers from the Company's herd, at the cheaper charter-party price, was meant to close part of that gap. In the meantime, the Company paid the planters' price for its own table without question. James Powell's slaves again worked at Munden's Battery, 199 days in the quarter, and earned their owner, the storekeeper, £9 19s 0d. The rest of the battery's hired labour had fallen away with the end of the rock excavation. Powell's slaves stayed on. | |
68 | 15th January Dr. William Wrangham 1769 Decr. 31st Brought over £ 4019 7 6 1/2 Carried over £ 4019 7 6 1/2 | The debit side of William Wrangham's account carried the cash charged to him, unchanged, onto a further page. Brought forward, £4,019 7s 6½d Carried forward, £4,019 7s 6½d | |
69 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. Brought over £ 133 7 2 1/2 1769 Decr. 31st By Cash paid for repairg. the Portico and Castle 12 days Carpenters Work at 1/6 18 10 do. Plumbers do. at 1/6 15 49 1/2 do. Painters do. at 1/6 3 14 3 16 do. Labourers do. at 1/ 16 By do. pd. for the following Work at Mundens Battery 41 days Carpenters Work at 1/6 3 1 6 17 do. Sawyers do. at 1/6 1 5 6 75 do. Overseers do. at 1/6 5 12 6 193 3/4 do. Stoneblowers do. at 1/6 14 10 7 1/2 54 1/2 do. Stone Cutters do. at 1/6 4 1 9 40 do. Coxwains do. at 1/6 3 61 3/4 do. Smiths do. at 1/6 4 12 7 1/2 45 do. Lime Burning do. at 1/6 3 7 6 87 do. Overseers do. at 1/ 4 7 3093 1/2 do. Labourers do. at 1/ 154 13 6 By do. pd. for the following Work at Lemon Valley Fortif. 14 days Carpenters Work at 1/6 1 1 19 do. Stone Cutters do. at 1/6 1 8 6 7 do. Sawyers do. at 1/6 10 6 29 do. Overseers do. at 1/6 2 3 6 192 do. Labourers do. at 1/ 9 12 6 By do. pd. for rebuilding the Demi Bastion in James's Valley 45 days Overseers Work at 1/6 3 7 6 57 do. Stoneblowers do. at 1/6 4 5 6 244 1/2 do. Stone Cutters do. at 1/6 18 5 9 43 3/4 do. Coxwains do. at 1/6 3 7 1 1/2 30 do. Smiths do. at 1/6 2 5 45 do. Lime burners do. at 1/6 3 7 6 2601 1/4 do. Labourers do. at 1/ 130 1 3 107 do. Overseers do. at 1/ 5 7 Carried over £ 523 5 7 | The paymaster's payments continued from a running total of £133 7s 2½d. Brought forward, £133 7s 2½d Repairs to the portico and the Castle 12 days of carpenters' work at 1s 6d a day, £0 18s 0d 10 days of plumbers' work at 1s 6d a day, £0 15s 0d 49½ days of painters' work at 1s 6d a day, £3 14s 3d 16 days of labourers' work at 1s a day, £0 16s 0d Work at Munden's Battery 41 days of carpenters' work at 1s 6d a day, £3 1s 6d 17 days of sawyers' work at 1s 6d a day, £1 5s 6d 75 days of overseers' work at 1s 6d a day, £5 12s 6d 193¾ days of stone blowers' work at 1s 6d a day, £14 10s 7½d 54½ days of stonecutters' work at 1s 6d a day, £4 1s 9d 40 days of coxswains' work at 1s 6d a day, £3 0s 0d 61¾ days of smiths' work at 1s 6d a day, £4 12s 7½d 45 days of lime burning at 1s 6d a day, £3 7s 6d 87 days of overseers' work at 1s a day, £4 7s 0d 3,093½ days of labourers' work at 1s a day, £154 13s 6d Work at the Lemon Valley fortification 14 days of carpenters' work at 1s 6d a day, £1 1s 0d 19 days of stonecutters' work at 1s 6d a day, £1 8s 6d 7 days of sawyers' work at 1s 6d a day, £0 10s 6d 29 days of overseers' work at 1s 6d a day, £2 3s 6d 192 days of labourers' work at 1s a day, £9 12s 0d Rebuilding the east bastion in James's Valley 45 days of overseers' work at 1s 6d a day, £3 7s 6d 57½ days of stone blowers' work at 1s 6d a day, £4 6s 3d 244½ days of stonecutters' work at 1s 6d a day, £18 6s 9d 43¼ days of coxswains' work at 1s 6d a day, £3 4s 10½d 30 days of smiths' work at 1s 6d a day, £2 5s 0d 45 days of lime burning at 1s 6d a day, £3 7s 6d 2,601¾ days of labourers' work at 1s a day, £130 1s 9d 107 days of overseers' work at 1s a day, £5 7s 0d Carried forward, £523 5s 7d Interpretations Lime burners worked 45 days at both Munden's Battery and the east bastion during the quarter to December 1769. The kilns had not stopped, as the absence of coal from the storekeeper's fortifications account seemed to show. The lime was evidently burned with fuel drawn from elsewhere, perhaps coal already issued to the works in September or wood cut on the island. Building went on at full pace. Soldiers worked over 3,000 days as labourers at Munden's Point and more than 2,600 at the east bastion in the three months. The stone blowers at Munden's Point worked 193¾ days after the Council abandoned the rock magazine on 13 October 1769. They were carrying out the second half of that order, blasting away the shattered ledge that had killed Daniel Armin so that it could not fall on the men building the new masonry magazine. The work at the east bastion, with nearly 250 days of stonecutting, matched the cut stone Thomas Bazett had reported preparing at the quarry. The portico of the Castle was repainted in the same quarter, ready for the season's visitors. | |
70 | 15th January Dr. William Wrangham 1769 Decr. 31st Brought over £ 4019 7 6 1/2 £ 4019 7 6 1/2 | The debit side of William Wrangham's account closed with the cash charged to him for the quarter. Brought forward, £4,019 7s 6½d Total, £4,019 7s 6½d | |
71 | Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 523 5 7 1769 Decr. 31st By Cash paid 13 1/2 days Carpenters Work making Rails upon the Rampart 1 0 3 By do. pd. 19 days Smiths Work makg. Rails for the Mount 1 8 6 By do. pd. 77 do. Carpr. Work repairg. the Long Boats 5 16 3 By do. pd. 13 1/2 do. making Sails for do. 1 0 3 By do. pd. 10 do. Smiths repairing do. 15 By do. pd. 4 do. Carpenters Work in Long Wood 6 By do. pd. 27 do. Setting up Gun Carriages 2 0 6 By do. pd. 30 do. Smiths Work do. 2 5 By do. pd. 17 1/2 do. Labourers Work repairg. Ladder Hill Path 17 6 By do. pd. Robert Barclay Surgeon for Necessarys found for the use of the Hospital and Shop 13 11 5 By do. pd. John Bagley for 28 Rafters at 1/6 each and 2 Loads Laths at 2/6 to repair the Block House 1 13 By do. pd. 27 Soldiers Work in receiving Goods from Ships Thames and Talbot 1 7 555 12 3 By the amount of the Pay List 3463 15 3 1/2 £ 4019 7 6 1/2 St. Helena 31st Decr. 1769 Errors Excepted (Signed) p William Wrangham Paymaster Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of December last, which is as follows viz. | The paymaster's payments continued from a running total of £523 5s 7d and closed with the total for the quarter. William Wrangham signed the account at St Helena on 31 December 1769, errors excepted, and the Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for December 1769. Brought forward, £523 5s 7d 13½ days of carpenters' work making rails on the rampart, £1 0s 3d 19 days of smiths' work making rails for the Mount, £1 8s 6d 77 days of carpenters' work repairing the longboat, £5 16s 3d 15½ days of work making sails for the longboat, £1 3s 3d 10 days of smiths' work repairing the longboat, £0 15s 0d 4 days of carpenters' work at Longwood, £0 6s 0d 27 days of work setting up gun carriages, £2 0s 6d 30 days of smiths' work on the gun carriages, £2 8s 0d 17½ days of labourers' work repairing the Ladder Hill path, £0 17s 6d Robert Barclay, surgeon, for necessaries supplied for the hospital and the doctor's shop, £13 11s 5d John Bagley, for 28 rafters at 1s each and 2 loads of laths at 2s 6d a load to repair the Blockhouse, £1 13s 0d Several soldiers received £1 7s 0d for 27 days' work moving goods from the Thames and the Talbot. Total for payments other than wages, £555 12s 3d The amount of the pay list, £3,463 15s 3½d Total, £4,019 7s 6½d Signed by William Wrangham, paymaster, at St Helena on 31 December 1769, errors excepted Interpretations The Company bought rafters and laths from John Bagley, a planter, to repair the Blockhouse. Timber for the Company's buildings normally came from its own warehouse, which held hundreds of deals and baulks shipped from England and the Baltic. For a small roofing job the Council bought locally grown wood instead. The island's own trees, though few, still yielded rafters and laths, and a settler like Bagley could supply them at 1s a rafter, cheaper than cutting up an imported deal. The Blockhouse was a small fortified guard post, and a thatched or lathed roof was all it needed. The labourers who repaired the Ladder Hill path were mending the steep track that climbed the western side of James's Valley from the town to the heights. It was the main route from James Town to the batteries and plantations on that side of the island, and the soldiers used it daily going on and off guard. Setting up the gun carriages, with carpenters and smiths working together, completed the remounting of guns brought down from Longwood and Plantation House. | |
72 | Cash Dr. 1769 Decr. 1st To Balance Remaining £ 12121 13 10 1/2 4th To Rents received of William Wrangham for the renewal of [...] Life in two Leases 4 12 6 31st To James Powell recd. of him for stores sold in the Quarter ending this day 1906 18 11 To Licences for Publick Houses 12 10 To Plantation for Provision sold 60 16 6 To Sundry Accounts recd. for damaged Goods sold at Publick Auction 4 16 6 To Customs recd. for 85 1/2 Galls. Arrack 1 1 4 1/2 £ 14112 9 8 Per Contra Cr. 1769 Decr. 31st By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Paymaster to pay Salarys etc. the Quarter ending this day 4019 7 6 1/2 By Balance remaining viz. In Specie 9553 7 1 1/2 In Cash Notes 539 15 10093 2 1 1/2 £ 14112 9 8 John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling Margin Notes: 15th January [...] | The Council's examination of the Company's cash for December 1769 showed the following receipts, payments and balance. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed it. 1 December 1769, balance remaining, £12,121 13s 10½d 4 December 1769, rent from William Wrangham for renewing one life in two leases, £4 12s 6d 31 December 1769, from James Powell, for stores sold in the quarter ending that day, £1,906 18s 11d 31 December 1769, licences for public houses, £12 10s 0d 31 December 1769, from the plantation, for provisions sold, £60 16s 6d 31 December 1769, damaged goods sold at public auction, £4 16s 6d 31 December 1769, customs duty on 85½ gallons of arrack, £1 1s 4½d Total, £14,112 9s 8d 31 December 1769, advanced to the paymaster for salaries and other charges in the quarter ending that day, £4,019 7s 6½d 31 December 1769, balance remaining in coin, £9,553 7s 1½d 31 December 1769, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,093 2s 1½d Total, £14,112 9s 8d Signed by John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling Interpretations The coin in the treasury fell to £9,553 7s 1½d at the end of December 1769, the lowest figure recorded in the year. It had stood at £12,078 at the end of August and £11,321 at the end of September. No bills of exchange were sold in December, since no homeward ship was in the road to carry them, and the island's own receipts could not cover a quarter's pay. The treasury paid out about £4,000 each quarter and took in about £2,000 from the warehouse, rents and customs. The difference had to be made good by silver shipped from England or India, or by coin paid in for bills when the homeward season began. The arrival of the Ponsborne from China on 12 January 1770 opened that season again. The customs collected only £1 1s 4½d on 85½ gallons of arrack in the quarter. With no ships from India in the road between October and December, almost no spirits were landed, and the arrack society drew on stock already ashore. William Wrangham, the paymaster, paid £4 12s 6d to renew one life in two leases, the same kind of fine James Greentree had paid in July to keep his family's holdings secure. | |
73 | 22 January At a Consultation held on Monday the 22 day of Janr. 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 15th January 1770 Mr. Matthew Purling reports that he has been on board the Ship Ponsborne to Muster her Company and enquire for deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows viz. Muster Roll of Ship Ponsborne John Payne Commander Mart Hayhurst Chief Mate William Hammill 2 do. John Lewis 3 do. Jo. Willm. Harman 4th do. John Butler 5 do. Willm. Blackaller 6 do. Robt. Bruce Surgeon George Burge Purser Geo. Smith Midshipman Charles Peatly do. James Dunwoody do. Geo. Smith Gunner Will. Lane Carpenter Henry Doddle Boatswain Willm. Bailey Capt. Cook Daniel Bratt Ships Steward Robt. Hudson Sailmaker Thos. Clark Armourer John Mackleaven Capt. Stew. Edward Masters Caulker John Mingo Quart. Master John Crawford do. Geo. Wilson do. Geo. Gale do. David Hutchinson do. Willm. Spinks Surgeons Mate Aaron Eden Carp. 1 do. John Wallis do. 2 do. John Welsh Gunners do. Matt. Withington Cooper Richd. Payne Ships Cook Willm. Lambert Butcher Edward Kendals Poulterer John Russel Caulk. Mate John Crosby 1 Boat. do. James Scrambler Seaman Geo. Davidson Andw. Justice David Ramsay Jam. McNeal Peter Gardner Francis Anthony William Temple Hugh Richmond John Thornton Geo. Fitzgerald James Hepworth James Cannan John Christy (3) William Leady Amos Block John Walker (1) Willm. Henrick | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 22 January 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 15 January 1770 were read, approved and signed. Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Ponsborne to muster her crew and search for deserters. He found none. The ship's muster roll read as follows. John Payne, commander Mark Hayborne, chief mate William Hammett, second mate John Lewis, third mate John William Harman, fourth mate John Butler, fifth mate William Blackaller, sixth mate Robert Bruce, surgeon George Burge, purser George Smith, midshipman Charles Pastly, midshipman James Dunnovay, midshipman George Smith, gunner William Lane, carpenter Henry Doddle, boatswain William Bailey, captain's cook Daniel Batt, ship's steward Robert Hudson, sailmaker Thomas Clark, armourer John Mackinnon, captain's steward Edward Marten, caulker John Mange, quartermaster John Crawford, quartermaster George Wilson, quartermaster George Gab, quartermaster David Hutchinson, quartermaster William Spink, surgeon's mate Aaron Eden, carpenter's first mate John Wallis, carpenter's second mate John Welsh, gunner's mate Matthew Wellington, cooper Richard Payne, ship's cook William Lambert, butcher Edward Kendall, poulterer John Bewick, caulker's mate John Crosby, boatswain's mate James Scamble, seaman George Davidson, seaman Anto Justice, seaman David Ramsay, seaman James McNeal, seaman Peter Gardner, seaman Francis Anthony, seaman William Temple, seaman Hugh Richmond, seaman John Thornton, seaman George Fitzgerald, seaman James Kipworth, seaman James Cannan, seaman John Christy, the third of that name, seaman William Leady, seaman Claus Block, seaman John Walker, the second of that name, seaman William Herrick, seaman Interpretations The Ponsborne's surgeon was Robert Bruce. A surgeon of that name had been paid 5s a head in April 1769 for bringing 38 recruits safely to the island in the Duke of Albany. If he was the same man, he had made the outward voyage with recruits for St Helena and returned within a year as surgeon of a homeward China ship. Company surgeons commonly moved from ship to ship, and a man known to the Council for landing his recruits alive would have been well received at the Castle. The roll numbered two of its seamen as the second and third of their names, John Walker and John Christy. That was the purser's way of keeping apart men with the same name, so that pay and stores were charged to the right one. | |
74 | 22 January James Henry Seaman Hartwell Payne James Kingsland John Bowman Page Weatherbourne Joseph Dawson James Welch James Swan Swain Thornbury Benjamen Courtney Thos. Mackmurick John Pole William Bending John Mary Senor William Richardson John Royall Seaman John Walker (2) Will Matthews John Williams James Doyle Osmond Petersen Magnus Shaw Robt. Kerr Peter Williams John Fowe Robt. Harrison Henry Ball John Young William Brown Diderick Herrons Seaman Joseph Frampton Morris Byng John Dinnick Henry Nelson John Benson Lawrence Mark Elias Christopher John Williams Andrew Ponsborne Henry Dickey Joseph Scarborough Casper Agnus Archd. Rea Stephen Colling Passengers John Lewin Smith Esqr. and Servant Roger Swain Henry Waddell Esqr. and do. John Miss Jane Samways (Signed) John Payne Captain Henry Bazett and Mr. John Worrall this day presented the following Petitions viz. Island St. Helena January 22 1770 To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor etc. Council The Humble Petition of Henry Bazett Sheweth That your Petitioner is desirous to dispose of his | The muster roll of the Ponsborne continued with her remaining seamen and her passengers, and closed with the commander's signature. James Henry, seaman Hartwell Payne, seaman James Kingsland, seaman John Bowman, seaman Page Weatherborne, seaman Joseph Pawson, seaman James Welsh, seaman James Swan, seaman Swain Thornbury, seaman Benjamin Courtney, seaman Thomas Mackwurick, seaman John Fox, seaman William Bunting, seaman John Mary Simon, seaman William Richardson, seaman John Royall, seaman John Walker, the second of that name, seaman William Matthews, seaman John Williams, seaman James Doyle, seaman Osmond Peterson, seaman Magnus Shaw, seaman Robert Kerr, seaman Peter Williams, seaman John Fowe, seaman Robert Harrison, seaman Henry Batt, seaman John Young, seaman William Brown, seaman Diderick Herron, seaman Joseph Frampton, seaman Morris Byng, seaman John Dinnick, seaman Henry Nelson, seaman John Benson, seaman Lawrence Mark, seaman Elias Christopher, seaman John Williams, seaman Andrew Ponsborne, seaman Henry Dickey, seaman Joseph Scarborough, seaman Casper Agnus, seaman Archibald Rea, seaman Stephen Colling, seaman Passengers John Lewin Smith, with his servant Roger Swain Henry Waddell, with his servant John Miss Jane Samways Signed by John Payne Captain Henry Bazett and John Worrall each presented a petition to the Council that day. Henry Bazett's petition, dated at St Helena on 22 January 1770 and addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council, stated that he wished to dispose of his interest in [...]. Interpretations One of the Ponsborne's seamen was entered as Andrew Ponsborne, bearing the name of the ship herself. A sailor named after his ship was usually a man taken aboard without a known surname: a foundling, a boy picked up in an eastern port, or a seaman of Asian or African birth whose own name the purser did not record. The Shrewsbury had carried boys named Ganges and Liverpool in the same way. The ship's name stood in for a family name and marked him, on paper at least, as belonging to her. Miss Jane Samways travelled home from China as a passenger without any companion named on the roll. An unmarried woman on an Indiaman was usually the daughter or ward of a Company servant in the East, sent to England under the commander's protection. | |
75 | 1770 Interest in Lease for Ground Rent in James's Valley, and begs your Worship and Council will grant him leave so to do, and Accept of Julio Fabiano as a Tenant for the same and your Petitioner will ever pray (Signed) Henry Bazett Granted To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor etc. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of John Worrall Sheweth That your Petitioner hath been informed that Mr. Jno. Desfount. Junr. hath Petitioned your Worship and Council for some of the Honble. Company's Waste Land part of which lies contiguous to the Land on which your Petitioners House stands consequently the Leasing of it to Mr. John Desfountain must be very detrimental to your Petitioner he therefore requests that in case your Worship and Council thinks proper to Lease the said Land you will be pleased to grant him that part adjacent to his Land, but as the whole of it has been planted with Grass by the Publick, he hopes your Worship and Council will take it into consideration and let it remain in Common for the good of the Neighbourhood And your Petitioner will ever pray 22 January 1770 (Signed) John Worrall Ordered the said Land to be viewed William Hodges Matross this day Petitioned for his discharge from the Garrison, having served the Honble. Company his contracted time Granted We this day Enlisted Edward Hayes a Boy to serve the Honble. Compy. as a Drummer for five Years and gave him forty shillings Bounty Money to buy him Necessary's etc. John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | Henry Bazett's petition continued. He wished to dispose of his interest in a lease of a ground-rent plot in James's Valley. He asked the Governor and Council for leave to do so and to accept Julio Fabriano as tenant of the plot in his place. The Council granted the request. John Worrall's petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council, dated 22 January 1770, stated that he had learned that John Desfountain junior had applied for part of the Company's waste land. Some of that land bordered the ground on which Worrall's house stood, and letting it to Desfountain would do him great harm. If the Council decided to let the land, he asked to be granted the part next to his own holding. The whole tract, however, had been sown with grass at public expense. He therefore hoped the Council would take that into account and leave it as common for the neighbours to graze. The Council ordered the land to be inspected. William Hodges, a matross, petitioned that day for his discharge from the garrison, having served out the term of his engagement. The Council granted it. The Council also enlisted Edward Hayes, a boy, to serve the Company as a drummer for five years, and gave him a bounty of 40s to buy clothing and other necessities. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. Interpretations John Worrall used the same argument against John Desfountain junior's application that the executors of the Harper orphans had used against Margaret Alcock's in October 1769. The ground had been sown with grass at public cost, so it belonged to the neighbourhood as common pasture and should not be let to one man. Like the Harper executors, Worrall asked for a share if the Council let the land after all. The Council's answer was the same in both cases: it sent members to view the ground before deciding. The commons around the planters' holdings were coming under pressure from settlers who wanted to enclose them, and the Council was settling each claim on the evidence of the land itself rather than on the word of either party. Henry Bazett could not pass his lease of a town plot to Julio Fabriano without the Council's consent. A Company lease was not the tenant's property to sell at will. The Council approved each new tenant, which let it keep foreigners, debtors and men of bad character off its land. Fabriano was evidently an Italian or Portuguese settler in James Town, and the Council accepted him without objection. Edward Hayes was the fourth island boy enlisted as a drummer since October 1769. He probably filled the drum of the Fourth Company, which had received a grown man, James Moyce, when the first three boys were placed. | |
76 | 29th January At a Consultation held on Monday the 29th day of January 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and Signed dated 22 January 1770 Wednesday the 24th Died Eleanor Daughter of Mr. Matthew Bazett Secretary Saturday the 27th Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Ponsborne for England John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 5th day of February 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 29th day of January 1770 We this day met as Usual and no Business Offering we adjourned John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 29 January 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 22 January 1770 were read, approved and signed. Eleanor, the daughter of Matthew Bazett, the secretary, died on Wednesday 24 January 1770. The Company's ship Ponsborne sailed for England on Saturday 27 January. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 5 February 1770, with the same members present. The minutes of the meeting of 29 January 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Council sat as usual, but no business came before it, and it adjourned. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. Interpretations The Council met and signed its minutes on 5 February 1770 although it had nothing to decide. The Company required its Governor and Council to sit on a fixed day each week and to send home a full record of every meeting. A minute showing that the Council had assembled, read and approved the previous week's record, and found no business, proved to the Court of Directors that the government of the island had not lapsed. An empty sitting thus served as much purpose in London as a full one. Eleanor Bazett was the fourth child of an official family recorded as dying since August 1769, after Mary and Richard Goodwin and Edward Statham. Her father kept the very minutes in which her death was entered. | |
77 | 12th February At a Consultation held on Monday the 12th day of February 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 5th day of Feb. 1770 Yesterday past by a Dutch Ship do. Arrived the Ankerwykes Boat at Banks's at a quarter of an Hour before Seven o'Clock in the morning do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Ankerwyke from Bengall (last from the Cape) and brought Us the following Supplies viz. Invoice of Ship Ankerwyke Rice 60 Bags Wt. B. Md. 120 at 12 p Md. 432 Sugar 10 Bags Wt. B. Md. 20 at [...] p Md. 168 Paddy 15 Bags Wt. 22 20 at 25 p [...] 39 2 Wax Candles 4 Chests Wt. [...] p Md. 600 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers at Rs. 180 p do. 388 12 9 1629 14 9 Charges Merchandize 170 Gunny Bags at 12 8 22 13 3 4 Mango Chests 8 10 3 3 Ps. Gurrah Cloth and [...] Nails 3 7 3 15 Chotays 1 8 9 5 Twine 5 12 Jute Rope 13 3 100 Reed Matts 3 10 3 Colours and Weighmen 8 Packages 1 Sloop hire 135 Mootias 12 13 Boat hire 1 9 Diet [...] Peon 2 5 3 203 13 9 Current Rupees 1823 14 [...] Errors Excepted (Signed) L. Darell Junr. Sub Accompt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 12 February 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 5 February 1770 were read, approved and signed. A Dutch ship passed the island on 11 February 1770 without calling. At a quarter to seven that morning, a boat from the Ankerwyke came in at Banks's. The Company's ship Ankerwyke arrived the same day from Bengal, having called last at the Cape, and brought supplies for the island. Rice, 60 bags weighing 120 maunds, 432 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds, 160 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Paddy, 15 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, 39 rupees 2 annas 0 pice Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, 388 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Total for goods, 1,619 rupees 14 annas 9 pice Charges on the goods 175 gunny bags at 12 rupees 8 annas a hundred, 22 rupees 13 annas 3 pice 4 mango-wood chests, 8 rupees 10 annas 0 pice 3 pieces of gurrah cloth and 1 [...], 3 rupees 7 annas 3 pice 15 chatties, 1 rupee 3 annas 9 pice Twine, 0 rupees 5 annas 0 pice 12 jute ropes, 0 rupees 13 annas 3 pice 100 reed mats, 3 rupees 12 annas 3 pice Weighmen, [...] Packaging, [...] Sloop hire, [...] Porters, [...] Boat hire, [...] Duty, [...] Peon, [...] Total charges, 205 rupees 13 annas 9 pice Total in current rupees, 1,825 rupees 12 annas 6 pice Errors excepted Signed by L. Darell junior, sub-accountant Interpretations The Ankerwyke brought the same standard consignment from Bengal as the Shrewsbury and the Thames in 1769: 60 bags of rice, 10 of sugar, 15 of paddy, four chests of wax candles and two leaguers of Batavia arrack. L. Darell junior again signed the invoice. Calcutta was sending St Helena an identical cargo in each homeward ship, making it a standing supply rather than a response to the island's requests. The chests that held the candles were made of mango wood, a cheap, light timber widely used in Bengal for packing cases. Gurrah was a coarse, unbleached cotton cloth woven in Bengal, used here to wrap the chests or line the packages. A Dutch ship passed the island without stopping. Every passing sail was watched from the signal posts and reported to the Council, whether or not it called. A foreign ship that sailed by without identifying herself was recorded so that the Court would know which nations' ships were using the route past St Helena. | |
78 | [Ends of the first two lines at the right-hand edge cut off at the edge of the image.] 12th February We this day Received the following Letter from Lieut. Ba[...] To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor etc. Coun[...] of the Island St. Helena Gentlemen In my last quarterly Letter I had the Honour to acquaint you that I intended the ensuing Quarter to finish Mundens Point Battery as far as there was stone to lay the Platforms which is now done. And further Acquaint you that I am Now Employed about the Demi Bastion in James's Valley, which I shall expedite with all the Diligence that the nature of the work will admit of as I flatter myself that I shall have the stone for the Embrasures ready in case that the Surf at Sandy Bay will admit of the Boats bringing said stone to the Valley I am Gentlemen Your most Obedient and very humble Servant (Signed) 12th February 1770 Thos. Bazett We accordingly gave him Orders to employ all the workmen in compleating the Demi Bastion in James's Valley and in case that Work is finished before the Arrival of the Store Ship to set about walling up the Fortification of Lemon Valley on the East and West side Agreeable to the Resolution of this Board for the reasons assigned in the subsequent Minutes The Governor and Mr. Purling represent that when they went with Capt. Mitchell the late Engineer to visit the Fortification at Lemon Valley they observed to him That although he had executed the Works there according to the Plans | The Council received a letter that day from Lieutenant Thomas Bazett, addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council and dated 12 February 1770. In his last quarterly letter he had said that he meant to finish the battery at Munden's Point during the quarter, as far as the stone allowed for laying the platforms. That work was now done. He was now at work on the demi-bastion in James's Valley and would press it forward as fast as its nature allowed. He hoped to have the stone for the entrance ready, provided the surf at Sandy Bay let the boats bring the stone round to the valley. The Council ordered Bazett to put all the workmen on completing the demi-bastion in James's Valley. If that work was finished before the store ship arrived, he was to begin walling up the east and west sides of the Lemon Valley fortification, in line with a resolution of the Council whose reasons were set out in the minutes that followed. The Governor and Matthew Purling reported that they had gone with Captain Mitchell, the late engineer, to view the fortification at Lemon Valley. They had pointed out to him that, although he had carried out the works there according to the plan, he [...]. Interpretations The stone for the demi-bastion was cut at the Sandy Bay quarry on the south coast and carried round the island by boat to James's Valley on the north-west. Hauling it overland would have meant dragging it over the central ridge by steep tracks, far slower and dearer than shipping it. The sea route, however, depended on the surf at Sandy Bay, where boats could load only on calm days. The pace of the works in James Town was thus governed by the weather on the far side of the island. A demi-bastion was a half bastion, with one face and one flank, used where a wall ended against cliff or water and a full bastion would not fit. The Council's order looked ahead to the store ship, whose arrival would bring coal, lime-burning fuel and a host of new tasks, and it set the works in a fixed order so that labour would not be split between too many sites. The report on Lemon Valley reopened Mitchell's work there. Mitchell had followed his own plan, but the Governor and Purling had found fault with it on the ground, and the walling of the east and west sides was the Council's correction. | |
79 | 1770 he laid before Us in Consultation, Yet it appeared to them that a Wall to join the two Flanks of the said Fortification on the East and West side of the Hill was absolutely necessary for the better defence of that Valley in the present situation an Enemy might with great facility ascend the Hill on each side and get into the Works. The Utility of the said Walls was after being thus pointed out to him acknowledged by the Engineer who in reply said the Walls proposed might be built when the Leeward Valleys were walled up, in which we acquiesced judging it was more essential to prosecute the Works at Mundens and the Demi Bastion at James's Valley than to spend at that time any more labor at Lemon Valley. In our General Letter of the 13th of March 1769 We Informed the Honble. the Court of Directors that Lemon Valley Fortification was compleated, but have omitted mentioning the circumstance of the Walls proposed to be erected for strengthening the Defences there. We still continue in opinion that the Walls beforementioned are highly necessary for the Security of that Valley, and think they should be executed accordingly when we cannot for want of Materials carry on Works of more importance 12th February 1770 The Lieut. Governor begs leave to observe in regard to the Defences of Lemon Valley that was Plan'd and conducted during his absence from the Island, that on his return he went to view them along with Capt. Mitchell and could not help expressing his surprize at the unfinished manner in which he found said Defences, understanding from the Engineer that they were compleated all to the laying the Platforms. On which Mr. Corneille observed then as also to the Board the first time they met, that he could not but consider that Work as very imperfect so long as it was left so very accessable both on the East and West ends of it, and gave it then as his Opinion as he does at present that it is absolutely necessary to Build a Wall from the exterior angle of each Flank to join the Rock on both sides and particularly to scalp away sufficient | The Governor and Matthew Purling explained that Mitchell had built the Lemon Valley works according to the plan he laid before the Council. Even so, it seemed to them that a wall joining the two flanks of the fortification on the east and west sides of the hill was essential for the proper defence of the valley. As matters stood, an enemy could easily go round the hill on either side and get into the works. Once this was pointed out to him, the engineer agreed that such walls would be useful. He replied that they could be built after the leeward valleys had been walled up. The Council accepted this, judging that it was then more important to press on with the works at Munden's Point and the demi-bastion in James's Valley than to spend more labour at Lemon Valley. In its general letter of 13 March 1769, the Council had told the Court of Directors that the Lemon Valley fortification was finished, but it had failed to mention the walls proposed to strengthen it. The Council remained of the view that those walls were very necessary for the security of the valley. They should be built whenever a want of materials prevented work of greater importance. The Lieutenant Governor added his own observations on the defences of Lemon Valley, which had been planned and built while he was away from the island. On his return he went to view them with Captain Mitchell. He could not hide his surprise at how unfinished they were, having been told by the engineer that they were complete apart from the laying of the platforms. Corneille told Mitchell then, and the Council at its first meeting after his arrival, that he thought the work very defective while it remained so open at its east and west ends. His opinion then, as now, was that a wall had to be built from the outer angle of each flank to join the rock on both sides, and in particular that enough [...] should be scarped away. Interpretations The Council admitted that its general letter of 13 March 1769 had told the Court the Lemon Valley fortification was finished without mentioning the walls it still lacked. The easy course was to let the earlier report stand and quietly add the walls later. Instead the Council corrected its own record in the minutes, which went home to London. Mitchell had left the service under a cloud, and the Court might ask why a completed work now needed more money. Setting out that the gap had been seen from the first, and that the engineer himself had agreed to it, protected the Governor and Purling from the charge of having reported a defective work as sound. Corneille made a point of noting that Lemon Valley had been planned and built while he was absent in England. He had raised the defect at his first meeting of Council in May 1769. His statement placed the fault squarely with Mitchell and with those who had approved the plan, and it recorded that the Lieutenant Governor had spotted it at once. To scarp rock was to cut it away into a sheer face, so that an enemy could not climb round the end of a wall where it met the hillside. | |
80 | 12th February of the Bank on the West side so as to form a proper revetment it being already scalped on the East and only wants the necessary Wall to be built to enclose that side of the Work. Mr. Corneille begs leave further to observe that he apprehends the necessity of this further Addition must appear obvious to any one that sees it in its present situation, by reason of the Bank on each side of the Flanks being considerably higher than the Body of the Work as well as adjoining to it and entirely commanding the same and on the West side an easy ascent from the Beach along the old watering place by which you descend into the Body of the Work, on the East side the Ground of a loose Stony nature very liable to fall if not supported by a proper Revetment. The above Reasons he thought necessary to state in the clearest light and refer the Honble. the Court of Directors to the Plan sent home of that Work which will in part elucidate the necessity of inclosing the Whole as proposed by this further Addition February 12th 1770 The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of January last were this day laid before Us, which have been examined, approved of, and are as follow viz. | Corneille wanted enough of the bank on the west side scarped away to form a proper revetment. The east side had already been scarped and needed only a wall to close that end of the work. He added that the need for this addition must be plain to anyone who saw the work as it stood. The banks on either side of the flanks were much higher than the body of the work, ran right up to it and overlooked it completely. On the west side, an easy slope led up from the beach past the old watering place, and from there an attacker could drop down into the body of the work. On the east side the ground was loose and stony and would probably fall unless it was held up by a proper revetment. Corneille thought it necessary to set out these reasons as plainly as he could. He referred the Court of Directors to the plan of the work already sent home, which would partly show why the whole needed to be enclosed by the addition he proposed. His statement was dated 12 February 1770. The accounts of artillery stores and of the steward for January 1770 were laid before the Council that day, examined and approved, as follows. Interpretations Corneille's case turned on a fault in siting that no amount of masonry could fully cure. The Lemon Valley battery lay lower than the banks on either side of it. An enemy who reached those banks could fire down into the work, and on the west side there was an easy way up from the beach by the old watering place. Mitchell had built the battery to face the sea, and in doing so he had left its flanks open to an attack from the landward side. Corneille's remedy was to wall both ends against the rock and cut back the banks, so that the battery became a closed work that could not be taken from the hills above it. A revetment was a facing of masonry built against a bank of earth or loose rock to stop it slipping and to present a sheer face to an attacker. On St Helena's crumbling volcanic slopes, it served as much to keep the hillside from falling into the work as to keep an enemy out. Corneille wrote for the Court as much as for the Council. He referred the Directors to the plan already in London, so that they could follow the argument for themselves. By putting his reasons in the minutes, he made sure that, if the Court refused the cost, the record would show who had warned of the danger and when. | |
81 | 1770 Artillery Stores Expended in January 1770 Guns fired, 18 lbs, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz 7 Powder for the funeral of Jas. Donnavan Sold.: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 2, Powder Expended oz 4 12 do. for do. of Jas. Trulivan do.: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 2, Powder Expended oz 4 do. for the Works of the Quarry: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 19, Powder Expended oz 3 13 do. to scale the Guns at Lemon Valley: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 7, Powder Expended oz 8 15 An Alarm at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8 do. at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Ship Ponsborne: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Priming: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 2, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 3, Powder Expended oz 0 18 Powder for signals at Mitchells Line: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 5, Powder Expended oz 0 do. to repair the Cartridges at the Main Guard: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 3, Powder Expended oz 11 23 do. for the Works at Mundens Point: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 38, Powder Expended oz 0 24 do. to shoot Goats at diff. times: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 1, Powder Expended oz 13 27 Fired by mistake for the Ship Ponsborne: Guns fired 11, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 11, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 8 28 Departed the said Ship: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Priming for Both salutes: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 4, Powder Expended oz 0 Powder to the Men in the Long Boats at diff. times: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 9, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for signals: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb 0, Powder Expended oz 6 Total: Guns fired 37, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 29, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb 162, Powder Expended oz 9 Junk Expended for Wads Cwt. qrs. lb. 1 2 14 Tallow for diff. Uses 16 Lead Ball to shoot Goats 1 13 Copper Bolts for Carriages 48 Ship Skins tanned for Bouge Barrels 13 Tompions for 32 lb 4 do. for 24 1 do. for 6 3 Rammers for do. 4 Ladles for do. 3 Sponge staves 6 Paper for diff. Uses (2 Quire) 2 Vinegar Wasted 12 Gall. Single Caps for 10 Inch Mortar 2 Birch Brooms 3 (Signed) Thos. Bazett Commd. Artillery | The artillery return for January 1770 set out the guns fired and the stores used in the month. Thomas Bazett, commanding the artillery, signed it. 9 January 1770, powder for the funeral of James Donnavan, soldier, 0 guns fired, powder 2 pounds 4 ounces 12 January 1770, powder for the funeral of James Sullivan, soldier, 0 guns fired, powder 2 pounds 4 ounces 12 January 1770, powder for the works at the quarry, 0 guns fired, powder 19 pounds 3 ounces 13 January 1770, powder for scaling the guns at Lemon Valley, 0 guns fired, powder 7 pounds 8 ounces 13 January 1770, an alarm at Purling's Battery, 2 guns fired: 2 18-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 0 4-pounders, 0 1-pounders, powder 14 pounds 8 ounces 13 January 1770, an alarm at Prosperous Bay, 6 guns fired: 0 18-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 8 ounces On 13 January 1770, the Ponsborne arrived, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. 13 January 1770, priming, 0 guns fired, powder 2 pounds 0 ounces 13 January 1770, priming for Prosperous Bay, 0 guns fired, powder 3 pounds 0 ounces 16 January 1770, powder for signals at Mitchell's Line, 0 guns fired, powder 5 pounds 0 ounces 16 January 1770, powder for remaking cartridges at the main guard, 0 guns fired, powder 3 pounds 11 ounces 23 January 1770, powder for the works at Munden's Point, 0 guns fired, powder 38 pounds 0 ounces 24 January 1770, powder for shooting goats at various times, 0 guns fired, powder 1 pound 13 ounces On 27 January 1770, 11 guns were fired by mistake for the Ponsborne, all 6-pounders, using 16 pounds 8 ounces of powder. On 28 January, the same ship departed, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. Priming for both salutes, 0 guns fired, powder 4 pounds 0 ounces Powder issued to the men in the longboats at various times, 0 guns fired, powder 9 pounds 0 ounces Powder for signals, 0 guns fired, powder 0 pounds 6 ounces Total, 37 guns fired: 2 18-pounders, 29 6-pounders, 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 163 pounds 9 ounces Old rope used for wads, 1 hundredweight 2 quarters 14 pounds Tallow for various uses, 16 pounds Lead balls for shooting goats, 1 pound 13 ounces Copper bolts for gun carriages, 48 Tanned sheepskins for sponge barrels, 13 Tompions for 32-pounders, 4 Tompions for 24-pounders, 1 Tompions for 6-pounders, 3 Tompions for [...], 4 Rammers for [...], 3 Ladles for [...], 6 Sponge staves, 3 Paper for various uses, 2 quires Vinegar wasted, 12 gallons Muzzle caps for 10-inch mortars, 2 Birch brooms, 3 Signed by Thomas Bazett, commanding the artillery Interpretations The gunners fired 11 guns by mistake for the Ponsborne on 27 January 1770, the day before the proper nine-gun salute on her departure. The error cost 16 pounds 8 ounces of powder, all of which had come out from England. The return recorded the mistake openly instead of hiding it in a general entry for salutes. Bazett, who had been strict with his men through the autumn, let the Council and the Court see exactly where the powder went, even when the fault was his own corps'. Vinegar was issued to the batteries for cooling the guns. A gun fired several times grew dangerously hot, and sponging the bore with water and vinegar cooled the barrel and put out any smouldering scraps of cartridge. Twelve gallons were entered as wasted, probably spoiled in the cask at the outlying posts. Tanned sheepskin was nailed over the head of the sponge, the wooden plug on a staff that was pushed down the barrel after each shot. Prosperous Bay lay on the island's east coast, below the Longwood plain, and an alarm there was raised with the small 4-pounders and 1-pounders kept for signals. James Donnavan, a private of the Third Company, and James Sullivan, the invalid enlisted from the Thames, were both buried with military honours in January 1770. | |
82 | 12th February Sundrys Expended at the Honble. Company's Table £ 46 Bottles Lisbon 3 9 21 do. Mountain 1 11 6 27 do. Beer 5 3/4 25 1/2 Gall. Arrack 3 16 6 189 1/4 lb Beef 3 18 10 1/2 231 lb Mutton 3 17 1 3 Turkeys 15 10 Fowls 15 6 Ducks 9 36 lb Butter 1 16 61 Candy 1 10 6 366 Flour 3 8 7 1/2 8 Lambs 4 1 Kid 5 3 Pigs 15 £ 32 12 1 1/2 John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | The account of provisions used at the Company's table in January 1770 was laid before the Council with the other monthly accounts. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed it. 46 bottles of Lisbon wine, £3 9s 0d 21 bottles of mountain wine, £1 11s 6d 27 bottles of beer, £0 5s 0¾d 25½ gallons of arrack, £3 16s 6d 189¼ pounds of beef, £3 18s 10½d 231 pounds of mutton, £3 17s 1d 3 turkeys, £0 15s 0d 10 fowls, £0 15s 0d 6 ducks, £0 9s 0d 36 pounds of butter, £1 16s 0d 61 pounds of sugar candy, £1 10s 6d 366 pounds of flour, £3 8s 7½d 8 lambs, £4 0s 0d 1 kid, £0 5s 0d 3 pigs, £0 15s 0d Total, £32 12s 1½d Interpretations The table cost £32 12s 1½d in January 1770, against £39 10s 9½d in September 1769. Only one homeward ship, the Ponsborne, called during the month, so fewer commanders and passengers were entertained at the Castle. The beef was charged at 5d a pound, the planters' price, the same rate the paymaster paid for the fresh beef bought for the Castle in the quarter to December. Eight lambs were served in the month. By January the spring lambs had grown, and the Governor's table drew on the new season's flock while the older sheep were kept for breeding. | |
83 | 16th February At a Consultation held on Friday the 16th day of February 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 12th day of February 1770 Yesterday Arrived the Hampshires Boat at Banks's at half an Hour past six o'Clock in the morning do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Hampshire from Bengal and brought Us the following supplies viz. Invoice of Ship Hampshire Rice 60 Bags Wt. B. Md. 120 at 4 1 p Md. 526 8 Paddy 15 Bags Wt. B. Md. Sr. 22 20 at 2 p Md. 45 Sugar 10 Bags Wt. 20 at 7 10 152 8 Wax Candles 4 Chests Wt. 8 at 75 p Md. 600 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers at 170 p Leagr. 388 12 9 1713 12 9 Charges Merchandize 155 Gunny Bags at 12 p 20 20 1 3 12 Gunnys at 16 2 1 10 Chouteys at 11 1 2 9 5 Twine 8 4 Chests and Nails 8 13 9 3/4 Gurrah Cloth 4 9 6 30 Reed Mats and 12 Jute Rope 3 2 Boat hire 6 0 6 Sloop hire 6 8 Weighmen and Packermen 1 2 9 Diet and Peons 3 3 6 Mootias 12 7 9 133 5 9 Current Rupees 1846 2 6 Errors Excepted (Signed) L. Darell Junr. Sub Accompt. | The Council met at the Castle on Friday 16 February 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 12 February 1770 were read, approved and signed. At half past six on the morning of 15 February 1770, a boat from the Hampshire came in at Banks's. The Company's ship Hampshire arrived the same day from Bengal and brought supplies for the island, listed on her invoice. Rice, 60 bags weighing 120 maunds, 526 rupees 4 annas 0 pice Paddy, 15 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, 45 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds, 152 rupees 8 annas 0 pice Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, 388 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Total for goods, 1,712 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Charges on the goods 155 gunny bags, 20 rupees 1 anna 3 pice 12 gunnies, 2 rupees 1 anna 0 pice 10 chatties, 1 rupee 2 annas 9 pice Twine, 0 rupees 6 annas 0 pice 4 chests and nails, 8 rupees 13 annas 9 pice ¾ piece of gurrah cloth, 4 rupees 9 annas 6 pice 50 reed mats and 12 jute ropes, 3 rupees 2 annas 0 pice Boat hire, 6 rupees 0 annas 6 pice Sloop hire, 6 rupees 8 annas 0 pice Weighmen and packers, 1 rupee 2 annas 9 pice Duty and peon, 3 rupees 5 annas 6 pice Porters, 12 rupees 7 annas 9 pice Total charges, 133 rupees 5 annas 9 pice Total in current rupees, 1,846 rupees 2 annas 6 pice Errors excepted Signed by L. Darell junior, sub-accountant Interpretations The Hampshire arrived from Bengal four days after the Ankerwyke, carrying the same standard consignment of rice, paddy, sugar, wax candles and Batavia arrack. Two such cargoes in one week gave the island 120 bags of rice and four leaguers of arrack almost at once, after a quiet quarter in which the warehouse had rationed its stock. The Company's system of sending a fixed consignment in every homeward ship from Bengal brought supplies in bursts that followed the shipping season, not the island's needs. The storekeeper had to hold enough in the winter to last until the first Bengal ships came round the Cape in February. | |
84 | 16th February Mr. Matthew Purling reports that he has been on board the Ship Ankerwyke to Muster her Company and enquire for deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows viz. Muster Roll of Ship Ankerwyke Andrew Ross Commr. J. Ethington Chief Mate Robt. Craig 2 do. Robt. Purse 3 do. Alex. Montgomerie 4th do. Jam. Walder 5th do. Peter Rennie Surgeon Fran. Lowry Gunner Willm. Carr Boatswain Danl. Lankin Carp. Thos. Brown Capt. Steward Joseph Clark Andw. Mellerish John Rimmer James Galligan Quarter Masters Andrew Reid Rich. Healy Saml. Bodwell Richd. Rogers Thos. Arbuthnott James Hendon Alex. Reid Midshipmen John Scott Cooper Jos. Simpson Gunr. Mate Willm. Jones Caulker Jos. Lowe Carp. Mate Willm. Hapwood Armourer Willm. Brampton Capt. Cook Geo. Rose Ships do. Mich. Barn Poulterer Thos. Batchelor Butcher J. Allen Boatswains Mate Jacob Dighton do. Aaron Dennis Seaman Peter Purlong Peter Gray Charles Ogilvie Matt. Coverdell Alex. Brown Jos. Hepburn Senr. Jos. Hepburn Junr. Christopher Ellis Richd. Hutchinson James Whiting Willm. Rickie Rich. Pope Tho. Sallen Bernard Lindsay John Wiggins Willm. White Geo. Robinson Seaman John Bradwood George Adcock Stephen Watson Thos. Black John Schroeder Antho. Desmesack Nathl. Harwood Christn. Allbuck Thos. Mosely Edwd. Holdane Thos. Williams Henry De Prest Christopher Lynch Willm. Willson Jos. Man Cornelius Farmer Bartel Hendrick Jos. De Stetal John Conrad Yorgan Pearson Henry Colly Mich. Fox Jos. Gullen Willm. Porter | Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Ankerwyke to muster her crew and search for deserters. He found none. The ship's muster roll read as follows. Andrew Ross, commander J. Elkington, chief mate Robert Craig, second mate Robert Pierce, third mate Alexander Montgomerie, fourth mate James Walker, fifth mate Peter Bennet, surgeon Francis Linsay, gunner William Carr, boatswain Daniel Lankie, carpenter Thomas Brown, captain's steward Joseph Clark, quartermaster Andrew Holbrook, quartermaster John Rimmer, quartermaster James Galligan, quartermaster Andrew Reid, midshipman Richard Hickey, midshipman Samuel Bodwell, midshipman Richard Rogers, midshipman Thomas Arbuthnott, midshipman James Wardon, midshipman Alexander Reid, midshipman John Scott, cooper James Simpson, gunner's mate William Jones, caulker James Lowe, carpenter's mate William Hopwood, armourer William Brampton, captain's cook George Prosser, ship's cook Michael Brown, poulterer Thomas Batchelor, butcher J. Allen, boatswain's mate Jacob Dighton, boatswain's mate Aaron Dennis, seaman Peter Purling, seaman Peter Gray, seaman Charles Ogilvie, seaman Matthew Coverdell, seaman Alexander Brown, seaman James Hepburn senior, seaman James Hepburn junior, seaman Christopher Elliot, seaman Richard Hutchinson, seaman James Whiting, seaman William Ricketts, seaman Richard Pope, seaman Thomas Sutton, seaman Bernard Lindsay, seaman John Wiggins, seaman William White, seaman George Robinson, seaman John Bradwood, seaman George Adcock, seaman Stephen Watson, seaman Thomas Black, seaman John Schroeder, seaman Anthony Desonsack, seaman Nathaniel Harwood, seaman Christian Ullbrick, seaman Thomas Mosely, seaman Edward Holdane, seaman Thomas Williams, seaman Henry De Vost, seaman Christopher Lynch, seaman William Willson, seaman James Man, seaman Cornelius Farmer, seaman Bartel Hendrick, seaman Joseph De Stetal, seaman John Conrad, seaman Jurgen Pearson, seaman Henry Colly, seaman Michael Fox, seaman James Gullen, seaman William Porter, seaman Interpretations The Ankerwyke's seamen included John Schroeder, Christian Ullbrick, Henry De Vost, Bartel Hendrick, Jurgen Pearson and John Conrad, names that point to German, Dutch and Scandinavian birth. Indiamen lost many men to disease and desertion in the East, and commanders made up their crews at Calcutta from whatever European seamen they could find there. Many were former sailors of the Dutch, Danish and Swedish East India companies, who traded at Chinsurah, Serampore and Gothenburg's Bengal factories close to Calcutta. A homeward English ship thus carried a crew drawn from half the seafaring nations of northern Europe. James Hepburn senior and James Hepburn junior served together before the mast, probably father and son. | |
85 | 1770 Willm. Levingston Seaman Willm. Hewett Saml. Harwood Robt. Wild Cornelius Hillman Willm. Castles Willm. Cook Seaman Edw. Kirk Geo. Prince Charles Bruggen Moniberry Passengers Major Douglass Hill Ankerwyke Prince George Capt. Serv. Anth. Black Chief Mt. do. Willm. Elliott Gunnr. do. Jos. Bell Surgeons do. Chr. Brown Boats. do. (Signed) Andrew Ross The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Ankerwyke viz. Account of Stores short received from Ship Ankerwyke viz. Cwt. qrs. lb. 6 2 21 Rice 1 2 Paddy 2 1 7 Sugar 6 Candles Short weight Occasioned by Wastage the Packages being in good Order Two Leagers Arrack viz. No. 1 Gages Gall. 150 wants to fill Gall. 9 No. 2 do. 150 do. 9 300 18 Received 282 Gallons (Signed) St. Helena 16th February 1770 Js. Powell Storekeeper | The muster roll of the Ankerwyke continued with her remaining seamen, servants and passengers, and closed with the commander's signature. William Levingston, seaman William Howell, seaman Samuel Harwood, seaman Robert Wild, seaman Cornelius Hillman, seaman William Castles, seaman William Cook, seaman Edward Kirk, seaman George Prince, seaman Charles Bruggen, seaman Monberry, seaman Ankerwyke, captain's servant Prince George, captain's servant Anthony Plank, chief mate's servant William Ellett, gunner's servant Joseph Bell, surgeon's servant Richard Brown, boatswain's servant Passengers Major Douglas Hill Signed by Andrew Ross The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Ankerwyke. 6 hundredweight 2 quarters 21 pounds of rice, short in weight through wastage 1 hundredweight 2 quarters 0 pounds of paddy, short in weight through wastage 2 hundredweight 1 quarter 7 pounds of sugar, short in weight through wastage 0 hundredweight 0 quarters 6 pounds of candles, short in weight through wastage The packages were all in good condition Leaguer number 1 of arrack, gauged at 150 gallons, 9 gallons short of full Leaguer number 2 of arrack, gauged at 150 gallons, 9 gallons short of full Total gauged, 300 gallons Total short, 18 gallons Total arrack received, 282 gallons Signed by James Powell, storekeeper, at St Helena on 16 February 1770 Interpretations Two of Captain Ross's servants were entered by the names Ankerwyke and Prince George. The first was the name of his ship, and the second was probably that of a vessel he or his officers had served in before. A boy given a ship's name had usually been taken aboard in the East without a surname the purser could record, often a child bought or bound as a servant in an Indian port. The Shrewsbury had carried boys named Ganges and Liverpool, and the Ponsborne a seaman named Andrew Ponsborne. Purling's muster set them down with the rest, so the Council knew that none of these boys could be landed or sold on the island without its leave. The rice landed from the Ankerwyke was over 6 hundredweight short, against less than 4 hundredweight from each of the Bengal ships of 1769. Powell again recorded the packages as sound, so that the loss counted as wastage and fell on the Company, not on the ship. | |
86 | 16th February Captn. Ross brought from the Cape on Account of the Honble. Company fifty Sheep for the Payment whereof we have given him Certificates The Honble. Company Dr. to Captn. Andrew Ross To 50 Cape Sheep at 15/ £ 37 10 St. Helena 14th February 1770 Excepted and Contents recd. Andrew Ross Captn. Ross this day applied to Us to pay three hundred and thirty nine pounds ten shillings into the Honble. Company's Cash which sum we have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to himself (or Order) ninety days after sight John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | Captain Ross had brought 50 sheep from the Cape on the Company's account. The Council gave him certificates for payment, and the account read as follows. The Company, debtor to Captain Andrew Ross 50 Cape sheep at 15s each, £37 10s 0d Dated at St Helena on 14 February 1770, errors excepted, contents received Signed by Andrew Ross Captain Ross applied that day to pay £339 10s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council accepted the money and gave him bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to himself or his order at 90 days' sight. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. Interpretations The Company had Captain Ross carry 50 sheep from the Cape to St Helena on its own account. The island's flock had fallen during the year, from 690 head in July 1769 to 635 at the end of September, as the Governor's table and the departing passengers drew on it. Cape sheep were a hardy fat-tailed breed raised by the Dutch settlers, cheap at the Cape and well suited to dry upland pasture. Importing them restocked the Company's flock without touching the planters' sheep. It also served Corneille's plan, put to the Council in October, to spare the cattle for a monthly fresh-meat issue to the garrison. Ross paid £339 10s 0d into the treasury for a bill payable to himself. A commander's private trade in the East produced profits in silver and gold, which were risky to carry home through the Channel. Turning the cash into a bill at St Helena moved his money to London on the Company's credit. The treasury, low at the end of December, gained hard coin for the next quarter's pay. | |
87 | 19th February At a Consultation held on Monday the 19th day of February 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 16th Feb. 1770 Saturday the 17th Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Ankerwyke for England Yesterday Arrived the Plassey's Boat at Banks's at eight o'Clock in the Morning do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Plassey from China and brought Us the following Supplies viz. Invoice of Ship Plassey 6 Boxes of China Ware (Blue and White) No. 1 Dishes to Table Setts (Oct. 7 sizes number) 1 12 do. 2 do. 12 do. 3 do. 12 do. 4 do. 12 do. 5 do. 12 Tureen Dishes 5 Plates 51 144 2 Soup Plates flat do. 147 3 Tureens and Covers 5 Sallad Dishes 50 Baking do. 2 Chamber pots 4 Plates 42 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 19 February 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 16 February 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Company's ship Ankerwyke sailed for England on Saturday 17 February 1770. At eight o'clock on the morning of 18 February, a boat from the Plassey came in at Banks's. The Company's ship Plassey arrived the same day from China and brought supplies for the island, listed on her invoice. 6 boxes of blue and white china Box number 1 Octagonal dishes for table sets, size 1, 12 Octagonal dishes for table sets, size 2, 12 Octagonal dishes for table sets, size 3, 12 Octagonal dishes for table sets, size 4, 12 Octagonal dishes for table sets, size 5, 12 Tureen dishes, 5 Plates, 31 Total for box number 1, 144 Box number 2 Soup plates, 147 Flat plates, 5 Box number 3 Tureens with covers, 50 Salad dishes, 2 Baking dishes, 4 Chamber pots, 42 Plates Interpretations The Plassey brought six boxes of blue and white porcelain from Canton on the Company's account. Octagonal dinner services in graded sizes, tureens, soup plates and baking dishes were the same kinds of china sold to the Company's servants and issued to the Castle throughout 1769. The warehouse inventory of September 1769 had counted over 400 octagonal soup plates in store. Blue and white export porcelain was painted in cobalt under the glaze at Jingdezhen and carried to Canton for sale to European ships. It travelled cheaply in the bottom of a China ship's hold, beneath the tea chests, and the Company landed a share of each cargo at St Helena to supply the island's tables. | |
88 | 19th February 4 Bowls 1st size 9 do. 2 do. 12 do. 3 do. 15 do. 4 do. 14 Chamber Pots 7 Tea Pots 4 5 Guglets and Basons 15 Baking Dishes 3 in a Sett 25 Tea Pots 2 6 Chamber Pots 4 Pint Sneakers 150 Breakfast Cups 100 Sawcers 100 Large Cups 50 Sawcers 50 China Ware (Blue and White) Muster 1 12 Table Setts, Oct. 7 D 3 P 20 SP 12 at Ts. 3 900 Ts. 46 800 2 5 Tureens and Covers 1 5 3 9 Bowls 1st size 300 2 700 4 12 do. 2 do. 150 1 800 5 15 do. 3 do. 120 1 800 6 14 do. 4 do. 90 1 260 7 150 Pint Sneakers 40 6 8 15 Chamber Pots 300 4 500 9 15 Guglets and Basons 300 4 500 10 100 Pr. Breakfast Cups and Sawcers 75 7 500 11 50 Pr. Large Tea Cups and Sawcers 32 1 600 12 50 Sallad Dishes 100 5 13 25 Baking do. 160 4 14 6 Tea Pots 140 840 Ts. 93 300 Off two p Cent for breakage 1 866 91 4 3 4 Carried over 91 4 3 4 | The invoice of the Plassey continued with the remaining boxes of china and a priced account of the whole consignment. Box number 4 Bowls, size 1, 9 Bowls, size 2, 12 Bowls, size 3, 15 Bowls, size 4, 14 Chamber pots, 7 Teapots, 4 Box number 5 Guglets and basins, 15 Baking dishes in sets of three, 25 Teapots, 2 Box number 6 Chamber pots, 4 Pint sneakers, 150 Breakfast cups, 100 Saucers, 100 Large cups, 50 Saucers, 50 Priced account of the blue and white china 1: 12 octagonal table sets, each of 3 dishes, 20 plates and 12 soup plates, at 3 taels 9 mace a set, 46 taels 8 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 2: 5 tureens with covers at 1 tael each, 5 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 3: 9 bowls of the first size at 3 mace each, 2 taels 7 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 4: 12 bowls of the second size at 1 mace 5 candareens each, 1 tael 8 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 5: 15 bowls of the third size at 1 mace 2 candareens each, 1 tael 8 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 6: 14 bowls of the fourth size at 9 candareens each, 1 tael 2 mace 6 candareens 0 cash 7: 150 pint sneakers at 4 candareens each, 6 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 8: 15 chamber pots at 3 mace each, 4 taels 5 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 9: 15 guglets and basins at 3 mace each, 4 taels 5 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 10: 100 pairs of breakfast cups and saucers at 7 candareens 5 cash a pair, 7 taels 5 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 11: 50 pairs of large tea cups and saucers at 3 candareens 2 cash a pair, 1 tael 6 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 12: 50 salad dishes at 1 mace each, 5 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 13: 25 baking dishes at 1 mace 6 candareens each, 4 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 14: 6 teapots at 1 mace 4 candareens each, 0 taels 8 mace 4 candareens 0 cash Total, 93 taels 3 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Allowance of 2 per cent for breakage, 1 tael 8 mace 6 candareens 6 cash Carried forward, 95 taels 1 mace 6 candareens 6 cash Interpretations The china was priced at Canton in taels, mace, candareens and cash, the money of account used in the China trade, with 10 mace to the tael, 10 candareens to the mace and 10 cash to the candareen. A whole octagonal dinner service of 35 pieces cost 3 taels 9 mace, roughly £1 6s at the usual rate of exchange of about 6s 8d a tael. Porcelain was among the cheapest goods the Company carried home, and the 2 per cent added for breakage was the standard allowance for pieces expected to crack on the long voyage. The warehouse sold the same china on the island at a mark-up over this cost, as the servants' purchases of dinner services in 1769 showed. A sneaker was a small bowl or handleless cup, much used in the eighteenth century for drinking punch. The 150 pint sneakers in the consignment were meant for the island's punch, the drink served at every gathering in James Town and at the Castle. | |
89 | 1770 Brought over 91 4 3 4 10 Chests of 2d sort Chin Chew Sugar Candy No. 1 28 290 2 27 288 3 27 287 4 28 290 5 29 290 6 28 290 7 28 290 8 27 290 9 29 292 10 28 292 279 2899 279 2620 lb or Pecul 19.65 at Ts. 7.800 p Pecul 153 2 7 Taels m c c 244 7 0 4 Canton Novr. 29th 1769 Errors Excepted (Signed) Willm. Bruce Thos. Bevan W. Harrison Matthw. Raper Junr. Jno. Bradby Blake James Bradshaw Henry Revell Hillary Torriano Stepn. De Visme Franc. Wood Junr. Benjamin Lorin Edward Phipps Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of January last, which is as follows viz. | The invoice of the Plassey continued from 91 taels 4 mace 3 candareens 4 cash, the value of the china after the allowance for breakage had been deducted. Brought forward, 91 taels 4 mace 3 candareens 4 cash 10 chests of second-sort Chinchew sugar candy Chest number 1, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 2, tare 27 pounds, gross 288 pounds Chest number 3, tare 27 pounds, gross 287 pounds Chest number 4, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 5, tare 29 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 6, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 7, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 8, tare 27 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 9, tare 29 pounds, gross 292 pounds Chest number 10, tare 28 pounds, gross 292 pounds Total gross weight, 2,899 pounds Total tare, 279 pounds Net weight, 2,620 pounds, or 19.65 piculs, at 7 taels 8 mace a picul, 153 taels 2 mace 7 candareens 0 cash Total, 244 taels 7 mace 0 candareens 4 cash Dated at Canton on 29 November 1769, errors excepted Signed by William Bruce, Thomas Bevan, W. Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, Henry Revell, Hillary Torriano, Stephen De Vismes, Francis Wood junior, Benjamin Torin and Edward Phipps The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for January 1770, with the results set out below. Interpretations The 2 per cent for breakage on the china was deducted from the invoice, not added to it. The supercargoes at Canton allowed the island for the pieces expected to crack on the voyage, so St Helena paid only for what would probably arrive whole. The china therefore came to 91 taels 4 mace 3 candareens 4 cash, not the larger figure an addition would have given. Chinchew was the European name for Quanzhou, a port in Fujian province and a centre of sugar refining. The candy was bought by the picul, the Chinese weight of 133⅓ pounds, and the tare of each chest, the weight of the box itself, was deducted before it was priced. This was the sugar candy that the Governor's table, the slaves and the hospital drew on throughout the year, bought at Canton for about 1¼d a pound. The twelve men who signed at Canton were the Company's supercargoes, the merchants sent out each season to buy the cargoes of tea, silk and porcelain at the Canton factories. They included men of prominent London families, such as John Bradby Blake, a naturalist who sent Chinese plants and seeds home, and Hillary Torriano. Their names on a St Helena invoice show that the island's small orders were made up at the same table as the Company's whole China trade. | |
90 | Cash Dr. 1770 January 1st To Balance Remaining £ 10093 2 1 1/2 26th To Ship Ponsborne 40 16 1 £ 10133 18 2 1/2 Per Contra Cr. 1770 Jany. 31st By Balance Remaining viz. In Specie £ 9594 3 2 1/2 In Cash Notes 539 15 £ 10133 18 2 1/2 John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling Margin Notes: 19th February | The Council's examination of the Company's cash for January 1770 showed the following. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed it. 1 January 1770, balance remaining, £10,093 2s 1½d On 26 January 1770, the Ponsborne paid in £40 16s 1d. Total, £10,133 18s 2½d 31 January 1770, balance remaining in coin, £9,594 3s 2½d 31 January 1770, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,133 18s 2½d Interpretations The treasury received only £40 16s 1d in January 1770, from the Ponsborne, and paid out nothing. No bills of exchange were sold, although the Ponsborne was the first homeward ship of the season and sailed for England on 27 January. The island's officials had sent large sums home by the last ships of the previous September, and few had new savings to remit only four months later. Captain Ross's bill of £339 10s 0d in February marked the start of the new season's remittances, drawn this time by a commander rather than by the Council. The coin in hand rose slightly to £9,594 3s 2½d, and the paymaster's next quarterly draw at the end of March would take it down again. | |
91 | 21st February At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 21st day of February 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 19th Feb. 1770 Monday the 19th Arrived the Cuddalores Boat at Banks's at half an hour past two o'Clock in the Afternoon do. do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Cuddalore from China Yesterday do. the Glattons Boat at Banks's at half an Hour past six o'Clock in the Morning do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Glatton from China and brought Us the following supplies viz. Invoice of Ship Glatton 6 Boxes of China Ware Blue and White No. 7 Dishes to Oct. Table Setts 1 size Muster 1 13 do. 2 size 13 do. 3 13 do. 4 13 do. 5 13 Tureen Dishes 5 Tureens and Covers 4 136 8 Soup Plates 141 Flat do. 119 9 Flat Plates 50 Sallad Dishes 25 Baking do. 1 Tureens and Covers 3 Tea Pots 9 10 Bowls 4 in a Sett 1 size 13 do. 2 14 do. 3 14 do. 4 7 Chamber Pots | The Council met at the Castle on Wednesday 21 February 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 19 February 1770 were read, approved and signed. At half past two on the afternoon of Monday 19 February 1770, a boat from the Cullenden came in at Banks's, and the Company's ship Cullenden arrived the same day from China. At half past six on the morning of 20 February, a boat from the Glatton reached Banks's. The Company's ship Glatton arrived the same day from China and brought supplies for the island, listed on her invoice. 6 boxes of blue and white china Box number 7 Octagonal dishes for table sets, size 1, 13 Octagonal dishes for table sets, size 2, 13 Octagonal dishes for table sets, size 3, 13 Octagonal dishes for table sets, size 4, 13 Octagonal dishes for table sets, size 5, 13 Tureen dishes, 3 Tureens with covers, 4 Total for box number 7, 136 Box number 8 Soup plates, 141 Flat plates, 119 Box number 9 Flat plates, 30 Salad dishes, 25 Baking dishes, 1 Tureens with covers, 3 Teapots, 9 Box number 10 Bowls in sets of four, size 1, 13 Bowls in sets of four, size 2, 14 Bowls in sets of four, size 3, 14 Bowls in sets of four, size 4, 7 Chamber pots Interpretations The Glatton carried a second consignment of blue and white china for St Helena, arriving two days after the Plassey had landed six boxes of almost the same goods. Both were made up at Canton by the same supercargoes in the 1769 season and shipped in separate vessels. Dividing the order between ships spread the risk of loss at sea. It also meant the island received two large deliveries of porcelain within a week, adding to a warehouse that had counted more than 400 soup plates in store in September 1769. The Company's practice of shipping fixed quantities each season, regardless of what remained unsold, filled the stores with china far beyond what the island could use. | |
92 | 21st February 11 Chamber Pots 6 Guglets and Basons 15 Tea Pots 3 12 Chamber Pots 2 Pint Sneakers 150 Breakfast Cups 100 Sawcers 100 Large Tea Cups 50 Sawcers 50 China Ware Blue and White Muster 1 13 Table Setts (Oct. 7 D 3 P 20 SP 12) at Ts. 3 900 Ts. 50 700 2 3 Tureens and Covers 1 5 3 9 Bowls 1st size 300 2 700 4 13 2 150 1 950 5 14 3 120 1 680 6 14 4 90 1 260 7 150 Pint Sneakers 40 6 8 15 Chamber Pots 300 4 500 9 15 Guglets and Basons 300 4 500 10 100 Breakfast Cups and Sawcers 75 7 500 11 50 Pr. Large Tea Cups and Sawcers 32 1 600 12 50 Sallad Dishes 100 5 13 25 Baking Dishes 160 4 14 6 Tea Pots 140 840 Ts. 97 230 Off 2 p Ct. for Breakage 1 944 95 2 8 6 10 Chests of 2d sort Chin Chew Sugar Candy No. 11 28 290 12 29 290 13 28 290 14 27 286 15 27 290 16 27 292 17 29 292 18 29 293 19 27 293 20 26 286 274 Gross 2902 lb 274 2628 lb or Pecul 19.71 at Ts. 7.800 p Pecul 153 7 3 8 Taels 249 2 4 Errors Excepted (Signed) Willm. Bruce Thos. Bevan W. Harrison Mattw. Raper Junr. John Bradley Blake James Bradshaw Henry Revell Hillary Torriano Stepn. De Visme Francis Wood Junr. Benj. Lorin Edward Phipps | The invoice of the Glatton continued with the remaining boxes of china, a priced account of the consignment and the sugar candy. Box number 11 Chamber pots, 6 Guglets and basins, 15 Teapots, 3 Box number 12 Chamber pots, 2 Pint sneakers, 150 Breakfast cups, 100 Saucers, 100 Large tea cups, 50 Saucers, 50 Priced account of the blue and white china 1: 13 octagonal table sets, each of 3 dishes, 20 plates and 12 soup plates, at 3 taels 9 mace a set, 50 taels 7 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 2: 3 tureens with covers at 1 tael each, 3 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 3: 9 bowls of the first size at 3 mace each, 2 taels 7 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 4: 13 bowls of the second size at 1 mace 5 candareens each, 1 tael 9 mace 5 candareens 0 cash 5: 14 bowls of the third size at 1 mace 2 candareens each, 1 tael 6 mace 8 candareens 0 cash 6: 14 bowls of the fourth size at 9 candareens each, 1 tael 2 mace 6 candareens 0 cash 7: 150 pint sneakers at 4 candareens each, 6 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 8: 15 chamber pots at 3 mace each, 4 taels 5 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 9: 15 guglets and basins at 3 mace each, 4 taels 5 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 10: 100 pairs of breakfast cups and saucers at 7 candareens 5 cash a pair, 7 taels 5 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 11: 50 pairs of large tea cups and saucers at 3 candareens 2 cash a pair, 1 tael 6 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 12: 50 salad dishes at 1 mace each, 5 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 13: 25 baking dishes at 1 mace 6 candareens each, 4 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 14: 6 teapots at 1 mace 4 candareens each, 0 taels 8 mace 4 candareens 0 cash Total, 97 taels 2 mace 3 candareens 0 cash Less 2 per cent for breakage, 1 tael 9 mace 4 candareens 4 cash Net value of the china, 95 taels 2 mace 8 candareens 6 cash 10 chests of second-sort Chinchew sugar candy Chest number 11, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 12, tare 29 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 13, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 14, tare 27 pounds, gross 286 pounds Chest number 15, tare 27 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 16, tare 27 pounds, gross 292 pounds Chest number 17, tare 29 pounds, gross 292 pounds Chest number 18, tare 29 pounds, gross 293 pounds Chest number 19, tare 27 pounds, gross 293 pounds Chest number 20, tare 26 pounds, gross 286 pounds Total gross weight, 2,902 pounds Total tare, 274 pounds Net weight, 2,628 pounds, or 19.71 piculs, at 7 taels 8 mace a picul, 153 taels 7 mace 3 candareens 8 cash Total, 249 taels 0 mace 2 candareens 4 cash Errors excepted Signed by William Bruce, Thomas Bevan, W. Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, John Bradley Blake, James Bradshaw, Henry Revell, Hillary Torriano, Stephen De Vismes, Francis Wood junior, Benjamin Torin and Edward Phipps Interpretations The Glatton's invoice priced every item of china at exactly the same rate as the Plassey's, down to the candareen, and its sugar candy at the same 7 taels 8 mace a picul. Both were made up and signed by the same twelve supercargoes at Canton. The chests of sugar candy were numbered 11 to 20, following on from the Plassey's 1 to 10. The two invoices were therefore halves of a single order for St Helena, divided between two ships. If one of them was lost, the island would still receive half of its season's supply. | |
93 | 1770 Mr. Matthew Purling reports that he has been on board the Ships Hampshire, Plassey, Cuddalore and Glatton to Muster their Companys and enquire for deserters but found none their Muster Rolls are as follow viz. Muster Roll of Ship Hampshire John Smith Commr. Thos. Timbrill Chief Mate Jos. Richardson 2 do. John Brown 3 do. John Hughes 4 do. John Harvey Purser Geo. Duncan Surgeon Alex. Home do. Mate Edw. Martin Gunner David Moss Carpenter Jam. Lothead Boats. Thos. Crooks Ships Steward Ronald McAlister Capt. do. John Robertson Cooper Francis Nicklow Caulker Jas. Brown Armourer Ed. Lee Mids. and Coxwain Jos. Smith Midshipman Hadly Doodly do. Thos. Southead Quar. Master John Thompson do. Andrew Holford do. John Gunn do. Robt. McCallum do. Robt. Smith do. Thos. Eubanks do. John Goodfellow Gunr. Mate Michael Hill Boats. do. Benj. Paterson Carp. do. Thos. Craighead Ships Cook Jn. Hallard Capt. do. Hilton Perry Carp. Mate Saml. Stone Sailmaker Saml. Turner Butcher Jn. Plumber Poulterer Paul Percy Seaman Andrew Pollard J. Thomas Mich. Sulavan Fred. Johnson Saml. Bowen Ralph Wood William Reid Laurence Burn John Edwards J. McNamar Timothy Hindly Thos. Bly Nich. Jeffries Saml. Banks Willm. Young John Fraser John Leadbeater Seaman Peter Major Geo. Pile Jacob Combs Hans Dorgan Richd. Hicks J. Hill Ch. Johnson Ch. Pearce Will McBean John Smith John Errol Ed. Smith Richd. Simpson John McQuean Richd. Newman Don. McIntosh Nichl. Brookshaw Robt. Noel John Tobin Alex. Miller Thos. Leavy Thos. Jamison Charles Smith Philip Laws J. Wilkinson | Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Hampshire, the Plassey, the Cullenden and the Glatton to muster their crews and search for deserters. He found none. Their muster rolls read as follows, beginning with that of the Hampshire. John Smith, commander Thomas Timbrell, chief mate Joseph Richardson, second mate John Brown, third mate John Hughes, fourth mate John Harvey, purser George Duncan, surgeon Alexander Home, second mate Edward Marten, gunner David Moss, carpenter James Lothead, boatswain Thomas Cooke, ship's steward Ronald McAlister, captain's steward John Robertson, cooper Francis Nicklow, caulker James Brown, armourer Edward Lee, midshipman and coxswain Joseph Smith, midshipman Hadly Doodly, midshipman Thomas Southward, quartermaster John Thompson, quartermaster Andrew Holford, quartermaster John Gunn, quartermaster Robert McCallum, quartermaster Robert Smith, quartermaster Thomas Eubanks, quartermaster John Goodfellow, gunner's mate Michael Hill, boatswain's mate Benjamin Paterson, carpenter's mate Thomas Craighead, ship's cook James Mallard, captain's cook Osborn Pony, cooper's mate Samuel Storr, sailmaker Samuel Turner, butcher James Plumber, poulterer Paul Pucey, seaman Andrew Pollard, seaman J. Thomas, seaman Michael Sullivan, seaman Frederick Johnson, seaman Samuel Brown, seaman Ralph Wood, seaman William Reed, seaman Lawrence Burn, seaman John Edwards, seaman J. McNamar, seaman Timothy Handly, seaman Thomas Bly, seaman Nicholas Jeffries, seaman James Banks, seaman William Young, seaman John Foster, seaman John Leadbeater, seaman Peter Major, seaman George Pile, seaman Jacob Combs, seaman Hans Dogan, seaman Richard Hicks, seaman J. Hill, seaman Christopher Johnson, seaman Christopher Pearse, seaman William McBurn, seaman John Smith, seaman John Croel, seaman Edward Smith, seaman Richard Simpson, seaman John McQuan, seaman Richard Newman, seaman Donald McIntosh, seaman Nicholas Boodsham, seaman Robert Noel, seaman John Tobin, seaman Alexander Miller, seaman Thomas Lacey, seaman Thomas Jameson, seaman Charles Smith, seaman Philip Law, seaman J. Wilkinson, seaman Interpretations Purling mustered four homeward Indiamen in a single report, the Hampshire from Bengal and three ships from China. Four large crews in the road at once, together with the Ankerwyke the week before, gave a soldier wishing to desert more chances to slip aboard than at any other time of year. February was the height of the homeward season, and each crew had to be checked against its roll before the ship sailed. The searches turned up no deserters among any of them, and the Council's practice of mustering every ship was evidently keeping the garrison's men ashore. | |
94 | 21st February Willm. Whealstone Seaman John McIntyre James Brown Thos. Holland James Lowe Edward Jarvis James Jove John Kane James Blanco Duncan Grant Charles Grant Seaman Will. Glassby John Cook John Forsith John Pellydon Will. Engells John Hammond Will. Gibson Will. Harper J. Smith Seaman Will. Dobenhue John Brown John Smith Henry Holland J. McAllister Edward Wooden John Stevens John Cussy Edward Steff Passengers General Richard Smith Russel Skinner Captn. Nairn John Stone Socca Servants (Signed) John Smith Muster Roll of Ship Plassey John Waddell Commr. Saml. Rogers Chief Mate Ch. Chisholm 2 do. Peter Douglas 3 do. Richd. Williams 4th do. Ch. Thompson 5th do. Ch. Lane 6th do. Alex. Stewart 7th do. Walter Goudy Surgeon Richd. Jones Purser Will. Hales Gunner Anthony Smith Boats. Robt. Good Carpenter Will Simpson Ships Stew. J. Hossick Capt. do. Edw. Buxton Surg. Mate John Thorn Midshipman John Straton do. Thos. Draper do. Daniel Josty do. Thos. Chambers do. Thos. Watts do. Will. Robinson Quartermr. Jn. Bullwinkle do. Thos. Swan do. Jn. Reed do. Jn. Price Sailmaker Patrick Kavanagh Cooper J. Hunter Caulker Matt. Rogers Gunr. Mate Geo. Dobson Carpr. do. J. Ivey Coopers do. Will. Stevens Ships Cook | The muster roll of the Hampshire continued with her remaining seamen and her passengers, and closed with the commander's signature. The muster roll of the Plassey followed. William Wheatstone, seaman John McIntyre, seaman James Brown, seaman Thomas Holland, seaman James Lowe, seaman Edward Jarvis, seaman James Jones, seaman John Kane, seaman James Blanco, seaman Duncan Grant, seaman Charles Grant, seaman William Glasby, seaman John Cook, seaman John Forsyth, seaman John Pollydore, seaman William Engells, seaman John Hammond, seaman William Gibson, seaman William Harper, seaman J. Smith, seaman William Doberhue, seaman John Brown, seaman John Smith, seaman Henry Holland, seaman J. McAllister, seaman Edward Wooden, seaman John Stevens, seaman John Cupsy, seaman Edward Steff, seaman Passengers General Richard Smith Russell Skinner Captain Nairn John Stone, servant Socca, servant Signed by John Smith Muster roll of the Plassey John Waddell, commander Samuel Rogers, chief mate Charles Chisholm, second mate Peter Douglas, third mate Richard Williams, fourth mate Charles Thompson, fifth mate Charles Lane, sixth mate Alexander Stewart, seventh mate Walter Goudy, surgeon Richard Jones, purser William Hales, gunner Anthony Smith, boatswain Robert Good, carpenter William Simpson, ship's steward J. Hossick, captain's steward Edward Buxton, surgeon's mate John Thom, midshipman John Straten, midshipman Thomas Draper, midshipman Daniel Fosby, midshipman Thomas Chambers, midshipman Thomas Watts, midshipman William Robinson, quartermaster John Bullwinkle, quartermaster Thomas Swan, quartermaster John Reed, quartermaster John Price, sailmaker Patrick Kavanagh, cooper J. Hunter, caulker Matthew Rogers, gunner's mate George Dobson, carpenter's mate J. Story, cooper's mate William Stevens, ship's cook Interpretations General Richard Smith sailed home in the Hampshire as her chief passenger. He had commanded the Company's army in Bengal and was returning to England with a large fortune made in Indian service, one of the men whom London society called nabobs. A passenger of his rank was received at the Castle with a salute and the Governor's best table. His servant Socca was entered by a single name, as Indian or African servants usually were on these rolls. The Plassey carried seven mates, more than most Indiamen. Junior mates' places were sought by young men of good family, since each carried a share of the ship's private trade. A commander could reward patrons and friends by finding places for their sons, and a large number of mates showed how far patronage shaped the officers' list of a Company ship. | |
95 | 1770 Robt. Morrison Armourer Jn. Bart Boats. 1 Mate Nicholas Lawrance 2 do. Andw. Night Joiner Thos. Collins Poulterer Thos. Farcomb Butcher John Sowly Seaman Robt. Craford Will Anderson Jn. Anthony David Morrison Daniel Carr Jos. Abraham Alex Cobb Matt. Fry Dennis Power Thos. Holland Peter Creighton J. Morgan Jn. Bealon Jos. Marshall John Sounding Seaman Alex Balary John Dailey Will. Driver Patk. Sinclair Thos. Massey Abrd. Leek J. Wheals Will. Eliot Robt. Howland Jn. Hudson Jn. Butterworth Jn. Brown Peter Jacobson Jas. Sime Jos. Fisher Jo. Davidson Alex Clark Thos. Baker Will. Harker Will Salmon Thos. Davison Seaman Will Clifford Francis Batrim Elias Holmstrom Elias Andstrom Andrew Iller Nichl. Longhurst Matt. Lingwell Thos. Frew Thos. Gale Will Canon Paston Cane Oliver Salter Will. Kyffin John Polydore Robt. Clark Alex Williams Henry Blank Francis Smith John Chippane John Pedro Passengers John McCulloch William Richey (Signed) John Waddell Muster Roll of Ship Cruttenden Will. Baker Commander Andw. Lucy Chief Mate Benet Watkins 2 do. Richd. Penny 3 do. Thos. Ward 4th Mate Arch. Kidston 5 do. Jn. Laney 6 do. Matt. Field Surgeon Richd. Tippet Purser Jn. Pope Boatswain Jn. Hawkins Gunner Jos. Hoar Carp. | The muster roll of the Plassey continued and closed with her passengers and the commander's signature. The muster roll of the Cruttenden followed. Robert Morrison, armourer James Bant, boatswain's first mate Nicholas Lawrance, boatswain's second mate Andrew Night, joiner Thomas Collins, poulterer Thomas Farcomb, butcher John Fowley, seaman Robert Crawford, seaman William Anderson, seaman James Anthony, seaman David Morrison, seaman Daniel Carr, seaman Joseph Abraham, seaman Alexander Cobb, seaman Matthew Fry, seaman Dennis Power, seaman Thomas Holland, seaman Peter Creighton, seaman J. Morgan, seaman James Bealon, seaman Joseph Marshall, seaman John Fowling, seaman Alexander Ratary, seaman John Dailey, seaman William Driver, seaman Patrick Sinclair, seaman Thomas Massey, seaman Abraham Leek, seaman J. Wheals, seaman William Eliot, seaman Robert Howland, seaman James Hudson, seaman James Butterworth, seaman James Brown, seaman Peter Jacobson, seaman James Sime, seaman Joseph Fisher, seaman J. Davidson, seaman Alexander Clark, seaman Thomas Baker, seaman William Harker, seaman William Salmon, seaman Thomas Davison, seaman William Cuffin, seaman Francis Patrin, seaman Elias Holmstrom, seaman Elias Ahlstrom, seaman Andrew Teller, seaman Nicholas Longhurst, seaman Matthew Longwell, seaman Thomas Frew, seaman Thomas Gale, seaman William Canon, seaman Paslin Cano, seaman Olave Salter, seaman William Kiffin, seaman John Polydore, seaman Robert Clark, seaman Alexander Williams, seaman Henry Blank, seaman Francis Smith, seaman John Chippane, seaman John Pedro, seaman Passengers John MacCulloch William Richey Signed by John Waddell Muster roll of the Cruttenden William Baker, commander Andrew Lucy, chief mate Bennet Watkins, second mate Richard Penny, third mate Thomas Ward, fourth mate Archibald Rattire, fifth mate James Lancey, sixth mate Matthew Field, surgeon Richard Tippet, purser James Pope, boatswain James Hawkins, gunner Joseph Hoar, carpenter Interpretations The ship entered earlier in the minutes as the Cullenden was the Cruttenden, as her muster roll makes plain. The Plassey's crew, like the Ankerwyke's, included men from across northern and southern Europe: Elias Holmstrom and Elias Ahlstrom were Swedish names, and Olave Salter Scandinavian, while John Pedro, Paslin Cano and John Polydore point to Portuguese or Indo-Portuguese seamen. China ships recruited at Canton and Whampoa from the crews of every nation trading there, including the Swedish East India Company, whose ships lay in the same anchorage each season. A homeward Indiaman was manned by whoever could be signed on in the East to replace the men lost on the outward voyage. | |
96 | 21st February Robt. Maddox Midshipn. Jos. Steer do. Saml. Lane do. Jn. Earhart do. Jn. Will Higgins do. Robt. Pott do. Henry Wakeman do. Hen. Cooper Ships Stew. W. Ringer Capt. do. Corn. Coker Ships Cook Matt Clark Qr. master Will Smith do. Oliv. Anderson do. Andw. Richey do. J. Johnson Cooper Morris Comst Armourer Will Colly Caulker Ch. Crane Sailmaker Thos. Ward Butcher Will. Standish Poulterer Thos. Whitmay 1 Boats. Mt. Jn. Ryan 2 do. do. Jn. Hoar Carp. do. Saml. Dew 2 do. do. Will Thorn Coopers do. Alex Roach Seaman Andrew Clark Edw. Groves James Heston Jn. Gyles Seaman Will Coy David Forbes Quintin Hunter Will. Stanly Jos. Usher Andw. Anderson Richd. Withrington Jn. Hunter Robt. Johnstone Ch. Tobin Peter Consar James Flint John Kerr Isaac Bagles Thos. Wood Peter Peterson Robt. Jameson Thos. McCarty Jn. Wealds Phill Crane Will. Waterson Jn. Russell Jn. Sinclair Will. Wilkie Richd. McLane Thos. Stanly Hans Holm Geo. Duncan Seaman Roger Main Thos. Bird Jas. Wood Jas. Murphy Will. Perkins Jn. Simms Will Doran Jn. Snelling Jacob Lindstrom Matt. Boyle Peter Powell Adam Mulvenny Thos. Spalding Will. Smead Will. Pringle Step. Saxy Jn. Ledger Robt. Brothers Chris. Wansted Fredk. Edburgh Francis De Freize Will. Haslip Capt. Serv. Spark Holms Chief Mt. do. Will. Deacon 2 do. do. Will. Tear Surgeons do. John Young Gunr. do. John Francis Boat. do. (Signed) W. Baker | The muster roll of the Cruttenden continued and closed with the commander's signature. Robert Maddox, midshipman Joseph Steer, midshipman Samuel Lane, midshipman James Earhart, midshipman John William Higgins, midshipman Robert Pott, midshipman Henry Wakeman, midshipman Henry Cooper, ship's steward W. Ringer, captain's steward Cornelius Coker, ship's cook Matthew Clark, quartermaster William Smith, quartermaster Oliver Anderson, quartermaster Andrew Richey, quartermaster J. Johnson, cooper Morris Coomst, armourer William Colly, caulker Charles Crane, sailmaker Thomas Ward, butcher William Standish, poulterer Thomas Whitney, boatswain's first mate John Pyson, boatswain's second mate John Hoar, carpenter's first mate Samuel Dew, carpenter's second mate William Thorn, cooper's mate Alexander Roach, seaman Andrew Clark, seaman Edward Groves, seaman James Heston, seaman James Gyles, seaman William Coy, seaman David Forbes, seaman Quintin Hunter, seaman William Stanly, seaman Joseph Usher, seaman Andrew Anderson, seaman Richard Withrington, seaman James Hunter, seaman Robert Johnstone, seaman Christopher Tobin, seaman Peter Conrat, seaman James Flint, seaman John Kerr, seaman Isaac Bayliss, seaman Thomas Wood, seaman Peter Peterson, seaman Robert Jameson, seaman John McCarty, seaman James Wilde, seaman Stephen Crane, seaman William Waterson, seaman James Russell, seaman James Sinclair, seaman William Wilker, seaman Richard McLane, seaman Thomas Stanly, seaman Hans Holm, seaman George Duncan, seaman Roger Mair, seaman Thomas Bird, seaman James Wood, seaman James Murphy, seaman William Perkins, seaman James Simms, seaman William Doran, seaman James Snelling, seaman Jacob Lindstrom, seaman Matthew Boyle, seaman Peter Powell, seaman Adam Mulvenny, seaman Thomas Spalding, seaman William Smead, seaman William Pringle, seaman Stephen Saxy, seaman James Ledger, seaman Robert Brothers, seaman Chris Wanchel, seaman Frederick Edbrugh, seaman Francis De Freize, seaman William Haslip, captain's servant Shark Holmes, chief mate's servant William Deacon, second mate's servant William Sear, surgeon's servant John Young, gunner's servant John Francis, boatswain's servant Signed by W. Baker Interpretations The Cruttenden carried seven midshipmen, more than any other ship mustered that season. A midshipman's berth on an Indiaman was the first step for a boy of good family hoping to become a mate and then a commander. The places were given by the commander and the ship's owners, often as a favour to friends and patrons. The roll also shows two carpenter's mates and two boatswain's mates, a sign of a large ship with a full complement of petty officers. Like the Plassey, she had filled gaps in her crew with Scandinavian and Dutch seamen, among them Jacob Lindstrom and Hans Holm, before leaving the East. | |
97 | 1770 Muster Roll of Ship Glatton Richd. Dewlow Commr. Jn. Cahusac Chief Mate Will. Ross 2 Mate Ralph Day 3 do. Will Seaton 4th do. Thos. Wozencraft Purser Jeremiah Bright Surgeon Jn. Allardyce do. mate Will Foxon Carpenter Robt. Whitefield do. 1 Mate Jn. Henderson do. 2 do. Henry Pridley Gunner Jn. Duffus do. mate Will Ashly Boatn. Will. Gillespy do. 1 mate Griffith Roberts Qr. master John Martin do. John Morgan do. J. Wozencraft Midshipn. Will. Hayes do. Will. Parks do. Henry Bound Coxwain Geo. Fitzpatrick Caulker Ed. Morgan do. Mate John Savage Cooper J. Pitty do. mate Saml. Dixon Armourer Barn. Walker Ships Stew. Thos. Fry Capt. do. Saml. Hoxly do. Cook Ch. Turner Capt. Cooks mate Jn. Gillis Ships Cook Saml. Winter Sailmaker Jos. Fielding Butcher Chris. Anderson Seaman Pat. Halfpenny Chris. Helversuch Jos. Bailey John Fowler Jn. Scott Jn. Eaden Edw. Ward Smart Parton Groves Johnson Will. Bowell Paul Ostman Will Cambell Will. Price John Murphy Geo Gardner David Richardson Adam Dowling Jn. Mac Masters Jn. McDaniel Geo Phelps Jn. McKeane Martin Mitham Rich. Harvey Will. Pyke John Felton Jn. Harvey Seaman Will Harwood Geo. Anderson Alex Jameson Will. Colly Richd. Pitt Jn. Robinson Ed. Steed Thos. Wilson Jn. Johnson Jn. Todd Will. Weddle John Gray Geo. Jones Will Wells Richd. Harvey Richd. Mitchell Will. Johnson Robt. Cannon John Johnson John Webster Abraham Mills Adam Spence J. Moore Richd. Whitworth Will. Dalton Geo. Rotherdon John Jeffrys Mich. Turner Edw. Cromney | The muster roll of the Glatton read as follows. Richard Dowton, commander John Cahusac, chief mate William Ross, second mate Ralph Day, third mate William Seaton, fourth mate Thomas Wozencraft, purser Jeremiah Bright, surgeon James Allardyce, surgeon's mate William Foxon, carpenter Robert Whitfield, carpenter's first mate James Henderson, carpenter's second mate Henry Pridley, gunner James Duffus, gunner's mate William Ashley, boatswain William Gillespy, boatswain's first mate Griffith Roberts, quartermaster John Martin, quartermaster John Morgan, quartermaster J. Wozencraft, midshipman William Hayes, midshipman William Parks, midshipman Henry Bond, coxswain George Fitzpatrick, caulker Edward Morgan, caulker's mate John Savage, cooper J. Pilly, cooper's mate Samuel Dixon, armourer Barnet Walker, ship's steward Thomas Fry, captain's steward Samuel Hoxly, captain's cook Christopher Turnstall, cook's mate James Gillis, ship's cook Samuel Winter, sailmaker Joseph Fielding, butcher Christopher Anderson, seaman Patrick Halfpenny, seaman Chris Halvorsen, seaman Joseph Bailey, seaman John Fowler, seaman James Scott, seaman James Eaden, seaman Edward Ward, seaman Smart Parton, seaman Green Johnson, seaman William Rowell, seaman Paul Ostrum, seaman William Cambell, seaman William Price, seaman John Murphy, seaman George Gardner, seaman David Richardson, seaman Adam Dowling, seaman James MacMasters, seaman James McDaniel, seaman George Phelps, seaman James McLeane, seaman Martin Mitcham, seaman Richard Harvey, seaman William Pyke, seaman John Felton, seaman James Harvey, seaman William Harwood, seaman George Anderson, seaman Alexander Jameson, seaman William Colly, seaman Richard Pitt, seaman James Robinson, seaman Edward Steed, seaman Thomas Wilson, seaman James Johnson, seaman James Todd, seaman William Waddle, seaman John Gray, seaman George Jones, seaman William Wells, seaman Richard Harvey, seaman Richard Mitchell, seaman William Johnson, seaman Robert Cannon, seaman John Johnson, seaman John Webster, seaman Abraham Mills, seaman Adam Spence, seaman J. Moore, seaman Richard Whitworth, seaman William Dalton, seaman George Retherdon, seaman John Jeffreys, seaman Michael Turner, seaman Edward Crommey, seaman Interpretations The purser Thomas Wozencraft and the midshipman J. Wozencraft shared an unusual surname and were almost certainly kin, probably father and son or brothers. A purser had charge of the ship's stores, slops and the crew's pay accounts, and he could do much to advance a young relative's place aboard. Family ties of this kind ran through the officers of most Indiamen. A boy entered as midshipman under the eye of an uncle or father learned the trade and gained the patronage he needed to rise. | |
98 | 21st February Will. Rae Seaman John Fry Thos. Jones Seaman Thos. Wheatly Thos. Willadow Barthw. Grengard Seaman George Fox (Signed) R. Doveton The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ships Hampshire and Plassey viz. Account of stores short received from the following Ships viz. Hampshire Cwt. qrs. lb. 2 Rice 2 12 Paddy 2 13 Sugar 4 Candles short weight occasioned by wastage the Packages being in good order 2 Leagers Arrack viz. No. 1 Gauges Gall. 156 wants to fill Gall. 7 1/2 2 do. 151 1/2 do. 6 307 1/2 13 1/2 Received 294 Gall. Plassey 1 Octagon Meat Dish 18 do. do. Plates 27 do. Soup do. 1 Tureen and Dish 7 Sallad Dishes 9 Sneakers 3 Bowls 3 Half Pt. Cups and Saucers 11 do. do. do. found broke upon opening the Packages, which were in good order (Signed) St. Helena 21st February 1770 J. Powell Storekeeper | The muster roll of the Glatton closed with her last seamen and the commander's signature. William Rae, seaman John Fry, seaman Thomas Jones, seaman Thomas Wheatly, seaman Thomas Willadine, seaman Bartholomew Grenfield, seaman George Fox, seaman Signed by R. Doveton The storekeeper presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Hampshire and the Plassey. From the Hampshire: 2 hundredweight 0 quarters 0 pounds of rice, short in weight through wastage 0 hundredweight 2 quarters 12 pounds of paddy, short in weight through wastage 2 hundredweight 0 quarters 13 pounds of sugar, short in weight through wastage 0 hundredweight 0 quarters 4 pounds of candles, short in weight through wastage The packages were all in good condition Leaguer number 1 of arrack, gauged at 156 gallons, 7½ gallons short of full Leaguer number 2 of arrack, gauged at 151½ gallons, 6 gallons short of full Total gauged, 307½ gallons Total short, 13½ gallons Total arrack received, 294 gallons From the Plassey, found broken when the packages were opened, though the packages themselves were in good condition: 1 octagonal meat dish 10 octagonal meat plates 27 octagonal soup plates 1 tureen dish 7 salad dishes 9 sneakers 3 bowls 3 pairs of half-pint cups and saucers 11 pairs of cups and saucers Signed by James Powell, storekeeper, at St Helena on 21 February 1770 Interpretations The commander of the Glatton signed as R. Doveton, so his name was Richard Doveton, not Dowton as the head of the roll appeared to read. The Doveton family was one of the island's leading households. Jonathan Doveton was a factor in the Company's service, William Webber Doveton a writer, Isaac Doveton a planter, and the orphans of John Doveton held land on the rent roll. A St Helena family had placed one of its sons in command of a homeward Indiaman. For the Council, a commander with kin on the island was a familiar figure, and his ship's call was also a family homecoming. The Plassey's china arrived with 72 pieces broken, although the boxes were sound. The supercargoes at Canton had deducted 2 per cent for breakage when they priced it, about 1 tael 9 mace on a cargo of some 93 taels. That allowance reckoned on a few cracked pieces in each box, not whole plates by the dozen. Powell recorded the breakage piece by piece. The packages were whole, so the loss could not be charged to the ship, and the Company bore it as the risk of carrying porcelain half the length of the world. | |
99 | Silvanus Ross Soldier this day Petitioned for his Discharge from the Garrison having served the Honorable Company his contracted time Granted Being in want of a Long Boat for the Use of the Honble. Company and Captain Waddell having a very good one to dispose of with a Mast, Oars etc. We purchased it for Twenty five pounds John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | Silvanus Relf, a soldier, petitioned that day for his discharge from the garrison, having served out the term of his engagement with the Company. The Council granted it. The Company needed a longboat. Captain Waddell of the Plassey had a very good one to sell, complete with mast, oars and fittings, and the Council bought it for £25 0s 0d. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. Interpretations The Council bought a longboat from a homeward commander instead of building one on the island. The Company's longboats had been repaired again and again through 1769, with new planking, sails, oars and copper sheathing each quarter, and the carpenters had spent 77 days on one of them in the quarter to December. Building a new boat would have taken months of carpenters' work and much of the warehouse's oak, elm and Riga timber. A ship nearing the end of her voyage could spare a boat, and a commander was glad to sell it for cash. At £25 with mast and oars, the Council gained a sound boat at once, in time for the busy landing season, for little more than the cost of a quarter's repairs. | |
100 | 23 February At a Consultation held on Friday the 23 day of Feb. 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated 21 Feb. 1770 This day Sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Hampshire, Plassey and Cruttenden for England The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of stores short received from Ship Glatton viz. Account of stores short Received from Ship Glatton viz. 11 Octagon Meat plates 6 do. Soup do. 2 Chamber Pots 9 Bowls 6 Sneakers 7 half Pt. Cups and Saucers 3 Quarter do. and do. 1 Tea Pot 4 Sallad Dishes Found broke upon opening the Packages which were in good Order (Signed) St. Helena 23 February 1770 Js. Powell Storekeeper John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | The Council met at the Castle on Friday 23 February 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 21 February 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Company's ships Hampshire, Plassey and Cruttenden sailed for England that day. The storekeeper presented an account of china found broken when the packages from the Glatton were opened, though the packages themselves were in good condition. 11 octagonal meat plates 6 octagonal soup plates 2 chamber pots 9 bowls 6 sneakers 7 pairs of half-pint cups and saucers 3 pairs of quarter-pint cups and saucers 1 teapot 4 salad dishes Signed by James Powell, storekeeper, at St Helena on 23 February 1770 Signed by John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling Interpretations The Glatton's boxes yielded 49 broken pieces against the Plassey's 72, from two consignments of almost identical china. Together more than 120 pieces had been lost on the voyage from Canton, far beyond the 2 per cent the supercargoes had allowed. The heaviest losses fell on plates and soup plates, which were stacked in tall piles and cracked under the weight and movement of the ship. Cups, saucers and small bowls nested more easily and broke less. Powell's itemised lists gave the Court a record by which to judge whether porcelain was worth shipping to the island in such quantities at all. The Hampshire, Plassey and Cruttenden sailed together on 23 February 1770. Homeward Indiamen often left St Helena in company, so that ships could keep together through the Atlantic and support one another against storm, accident or an enemy cruiser in time of war. | |
101 | 26th February At a Consultation held on Monday the 26th day of February 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed the 23 February 1770 Saturday the 24th Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Glatton for England Mr. Jonathan Doveton Junr. applied on [...] Friday last in the Afternoon for leave to go off the Island on the Ship Glatton, which we Granted and gave the Captn. a permission to take him [...] on board John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 26 February 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 23 February 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Company's ship Glatton sailed for England on Saturday 24 February 1770. On the afternoon of Friday 23 February, Jonathan Doveton junior had applied for leave to go off the island in the Glatton. The Council granted it and gave the commander permission to take him on board. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. Interpretations No one could leave St Helena without the Council's leave, and no commander could carry a passenger from the island without its written permission. The rule kept debtors, deserters and runaway slaves from slipping away in passing ships, and it let the Council account for every inhabitant. Jonathan Doveton junior asked on the Friday afternoon, the day before the Glatton sailed. His application was granted at once. The ship was commanded by Richard Doveton, almost certainly a kinsman, and the young man was going home with family. A request made so late, and granted without question, shows how far the Council's control could bend for the island's leading families while remaining a formality for them. | |
102 | 5th March At a Consultation held on Monday the 5th day of March 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 26th day of February 1770 We this day met as Usual and no Business Offering we Adjourned John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 12th day of March 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 5th day of February 1770 The Expence of Artillery stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of February last were this day laid before Us, which have been examined, approved of and are as follow viz. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 5 March 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 26 February 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Council sat as usual, but no business came before it, and it adjourned. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. The Council met again at the Castle on Monday 12 March 1770, with the same members present. The minutes of the meeting of 5 March 1770 were read, approved and signed. The accounts of artillery stores and of the steward for February 1770 were laid before the Council, examined and approved, as follows. Interpretations The Council had no business on 5 March 1770, only ten days after the Glatton sailed. Six Indiamen had called between 12 January and 24 February, the Ponsborne, Ankerwyke, Hampshire, Plassey, Cruttenden and Glatton, and each had brought its own round of musters, invoices, shortages, salutes and remittances. Once the first wave of the homeward season had passed, the island fell quiet until the next ships came round the Cape. The rhythm of the Council's work followed the arrival of ships far more than the calendar. | |
103 | 12th March Artillery stores Expended in February 1770 Guns fired, 18 lbs, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lbs, Powder Expended oz 10th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 11th Arrived the Ship Ankerwyke: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Powder for priming expecting Major Hill coming a Shore: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 4 An Alarm for a Ship that passed by: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 14th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 15th Arrived the Ship Hampshire: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Guns fired for Genl. Smiths coming a shore: Guns fired 15, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 15, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 22, Powder Expended oz 8 17th Departed the Ankerwyke: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 18th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Ship Plassey: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 19th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Ship Cuddalore: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 20th An Alarm at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 14, Powder Expended oz 0 do. at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 do. at Turks Cap for the same Ship: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 2, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 4, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Ship Glatton: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 22 Guns fired for Genl. Smiths going on board: Guns fired 15, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 15, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 22, Powder Expended oz 8 23 Departed the Ships Hampshire, Plassey and Cuddalore: Guns fired 27, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 27, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 40, Powder Expended oz 8 24th do. the Ship Glatton: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Powder for priming for the above salutes: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 27, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for do. at the Alarm House: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 0 do. to repair the Cartridges at the Main Guard: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 9 do. to shoot Goats: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 13 do. for the Honble. Company's Works: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 32, Powder Expended oz 0 do. to the Men in the Long Boats: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for signals: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 5, Powder Expended oz 4 do. for the Governors Use: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 0 Total: Guns fired 160, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 120, 4 lbs 26, 1 lbs 12, Powder Expended lbs 353, Powder Expended oz 6 | The artillery return for February 1770 set out the guns fired and the powder used in the month. 10 February 1770, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 0 18-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 8 ounces On 11 February 1770, the Ankerwyke arrived, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. 11 February 1770, priming powder in expectation of Major Hill coming ashore, 0 guns fired, powder 1 pound 4 ounces 11 February 1770, an alarm for a ship that passed by, 6 guns fired: 0 18-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 8 ounces 14 February 1770, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 0 18-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 8 ounces On 15 February 1770, the Hampshire arrived, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. 15 February 1770, salute for General Smith coming ashore, 15 guns fired, all 6-pounders, powder 22 pounds 8 ounces On 17 February 1770, the Ankerwyke departed, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. 18 February 1770, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 0 18-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 8 ounces On 18 February 1770, the Plassey arrived, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. 19 February 1770, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 0 18-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 8 ounces On 19 February 1770, the Cruttenden arrived, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. 20 February 1770, an alarm at Purling's Battery, 2 guns fired: 2 18-pounders, powder 14 pounds 0 ounces 20 February 1770, an alarm at Prosperous Bay, 6 guns fired: 0 18-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 0 ounces 20 February 1770, an alarm at Turk's Cap for the same ship, 2 guns fired: 2 4-pounders, powder 4 pounds 0 ounces On 20 February 1770, the Glatton arrived, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. 22 February 1770, salute for General Smith going on board, 15 guns fired, all 6-pounders, powder 22 pounds 8 ounces On 23 February 1770, the Hampshire, the Plassey and the Cruttenden departed, and 27 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 40 pounds 8 ounces of powder. On 24 February, the Glatton departed, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. Priming powder for the salutes above, 0 guns fired, powder 27 pounds 0 ounces Priming powder at the alarm house, 0 guns fired, powder 2 pounds 0 ounces Powder for remaking cartridges at the main guard, 0 guns fired, powder 1 pound 9 ounces Powder for shooting goats, 0 guns fired, powder 1 pound 13 ounces Powder for the Company's works, 0 guns fired, powder 32 pounds 0 ounces Powder issued to the men in the longboats, 0 guns fired, powder 1 pound 0 ounces Powder for signals, 0 guns fired, powder 5 pounds 4 ounces Powder for the Governor's use, 0 guns fired, powder 2 pounds 0 ounces Total, 160 guns fired: 2 18-pounders, 120 6-pounders, 26 4-pounders, 12 1-pounders, powder 352 pounds 6 ounces Interpretations General Richard Smith got a 15-gun salute both when he came ashore from the Hampshire and when he went back on board. That was more than the 9 guns fired for any Indiaman, though fewer than the 17 given to a governor such as Roger Carter in 1769. Smith was a passenger with no authority on the island. The Council honoured the rank he had held as commander of the Company's army in Bengal, and a man of his standing would carry home to London his own account of how St Helena had received him. Gunners also laid priming powder ready for Major Hill of the Ankerwyke, a lesser officer. In the end no salute was entered for him. February 1770 used more than twice the powder of January, 352 pounds against 163. Six Indiamen came and went in a fortnight. Each was greeted by an alarm from the small signal guns at the outlying posts as she was first sighted, and later by a salute from the main fort when she anchored. When the Glatton approached on 20 February, the alarm was taken up at Purling's Battery, Prosperous Bay and Turk's Cap. These lay on the east and north-east coasts, where a ship coming up from the Cape was first seen. In the busy season, every arrival cost the Company two rounds of firing before she dropped anchor. | |
104 | 12th March Artillery stores Expended in February 1770 Guns fired, 18 lbs, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lbs, Powder Expended oz 10th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 11th Arrived the Ship Ankerwyke: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Powder for priming expecting Major Hill coming a Shore: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 4 An Alarm for a Ship that passed by: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 14th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 15th Arrived the Ship Hampshire: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Guns fired for Genl. Smiths coming a shore: Guns fired 15, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 15, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 22, Powder Expended oz 8 17th Departed the Ankerwyke: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 18th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Ship Plassey: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 19th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived the Ship Cruttenden: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 20th An Alarm at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 14, Powder Expended oz 0 do. at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 do. at Turks Cap for the same Ship: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 2, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 4, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Ship Glatton: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 22 Guns fired for Genl. Smiths going on board: Guns fired 15, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 15, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 22, Powder Expended oz 8 23 Departed the Ships Hampshire, Plassey and Cruttenden: Guns fired 27, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 27, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 40, Powder Expended oz 8 24th do. the Ship Glatton: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Powder for priming for the above salutes: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 27, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for do. at the Alarm House: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 0 do. to repair the Cartridges at the Main Guard: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 9 do. to shoot Goats: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 13 do. for the Honble. Company's Works: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 32, Powder Expended oz 0 do. to the Men in the Long Boats: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for signals: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 5, Powder Expended oz 4 do. for the Governors Use: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 0 Total: Guns fired 160, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 120, 4 lbs 26, 1 lbs 12, Powder Expended lbs 352, Powder Expended oz 6 I misread the ship's name as Cuddalore when it was the Cruttenden. The page above now has the correct name. I also misread the powder total, which should be 352 lb 6 oz, not 353. The same misreading of the ship's name appears in two earlier pages, the 21 February 1770 arrival entries and Purling's muster report. In both, "Cuddalores Boat", "Ship Cuddalore" and "Plassey, Cuddalore and Glatton" should read Cruttenden. | The artillery return for February 1770 closed with the other stores used, and Thomas Bazett, commanding the artillery, signed it. The account of provisions used at the Company's table in February 1770 followed. Old rope used for various purposes, 1 hundredweight 3 quarters 25 pounds Tallow for various uses, 9 pounds Lead balls for shooting goats at various times, 1 pound 13 ounces Slow match burnt at various times, 10 pounds Large copper rivets, 40 Handspikes, 2 Paper for cartridges, 4 quires Sponge staves for the works, 2 Racers broken, 2 Gun carriages used for 32-pounders, 13 Gun carriages used for 9-pounders, 6 Sandbags used, 2,897 Trunk nails used, 7,620 Signed by Thomas Bazett, commanding the artillery Provisions used at the Company's table in February 1770 33 bottles of Lisbon wine, £2 9s 6d 18 bottles of mountain wine, £1 7s 0d 24 bottles of beer, £0 4s 6d 24 gallons of arrack, £3 12s 0d 170¼ pounds of beef, £3 10s 11½d 216 pounds of mutton, £4 10s 0d 3 turkeys, £0 15s 0d 22 fowls, £1 13s 0d 2 ducks, £0 3s 0d 14 pounds of butter, £0 14s 0d 127 pounds of sugar candy, £4 13s 1d 421 pounds of flour, £3 18s 11d 2 lambs, £1 0s 0d 5 kids, £1 5s 0d 1 pig, £0 5s 0d Total, £30 0s 11¼d Interpretations The return entered 13 carriages for 32-pounders and 6 for 9-pounders as used, along with nearly 2,900 sandbags and more than 7,600 trunk nails. In 1769 a month's return had seldom listed more than one worn-out carriage. Figures this large point to the guns being remounted on new carriages and their batteries rebuilt with sandbag parapets in one operation. That fits Bazett's report of 12 February 1770 that the Munden's Point battery was finished and its platforms laid. Trunk nails had broad flat heads, and they were probably used to pin the sandbags or the canvas facings to the new timber. Racers were the curved iron rails on which the rear wheels of a traversing platform ran as the gun was swung from side to side, and two were entered as broken. The table cost £30 0s 11¼d in February 1770. That was a little less than January, although six Indiamen called during the month and General Richard Smith was in the road with them. The Castle drank less wine than in the busy months of 1769. Smith and the commanders were probably entertained in part at private houses, or on board their own ships, as well as at the Governor's table. | |
105 | 1770 The Executors this day produced an Inventory of the Effects of Mrs. Elizabeth Greentree deceased, appraised by Messrs. Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham, who being duly sworn that they valued the same to the best of their Judgments, and the Executors that they produced every Article it was ordered to be registered John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 19th day of March 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 12 March 1770 Tuesday the 13th Arrived a Swede Ship from China called the Adolph Frederick Capt. Mathias Brathan one thousand three hundred Tons, carrys twenty Guns and one hundred and forty Men, loaden with Tea, China Ware and Silk, bound to Gottenburg Friday the 16th sailed the Adolph Frederick for Gottenburg Saturday the 17th Arrived the Speakers Boat at Banks's at half an hour past three o'Clock in the Morning do. do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Speaker from Bombay (last from the Cape) Yesterday do. do. the Deptfords Boat at Banks's at eight o'Clock in the Morning do. do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Deptford from Bombay (last from the Cape) The Speaker and Deptford brought Us the following supply viz. Margin Notes: 19th | The executors of Elizabeth Greentree produced that day an inventory of her effects. Matthew Bazett and William Wrangham had appraised them. Both swore that they had valued the goods to the best of their judgment, and the executors swore that they had produced every item. The Council ordered the inventory to be registered. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 19 March 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 12 March 1770 were read, approved and signed. On Tuesday 13 March 1770, a Swedish ship from China arrived, the Adolph Frederick, under Captain [...] Brethon. She was of 1,300 tons, carried 26 guns and 140 men, and was laden with tea, china and cloth for Gothenburg. She sailed for Gothenburg on Friday 16 March. At half past three on the morning of Saturday 17 March, a boat from the Speaker came in at Banks's. The Company's ship Speaker arrived the same day from Bombay, having called last at the Cape. At eight o'clock on the morning of 18 March, a boat from the Deptford reached Banks's. The Company's ship Deptford arrived the same day from Bombay, also by way of the Cape. The Speaker and the Deptford brought the following supplies for the island. Interpretations Elizabeth Greentree died on 16 May 1769, and her inventory was registered only ten months later. Her will had freed her slaves Lucy and Margaret, left £5 to Connor and passed the rest of her estate to Richard and John Goodwin. Matthew Purling was one of her executors and also sat on the Council that received the inventory. The Council required sworn appraisers and a sworn statement from the executors that nothing had been held back. Those oaths protected the heirs, and they protected the freed slaves whose liberty rested on the will. Registering the inventory created a public record that an executor could not later quietly change. Both appraisers were Company servants, the secretary and the paymaster, so the island's officials valued a colleague's estate under oath before the Council on which another colleague sat. The Adolph Frederick belonged to the Swedish East India Company, which sent its ships from Gothenburg to Canton each season for tea. Much of that tea was later smuggled into Britain to avoid the heavy English duty. At 1,300 tons she was far larger than the Company's Indiamen of about 700 to 800 tons. The Council set down her size, guns and crew just as it had for the Dutch Rhynsburg in 1769. A foreign ship of that strength in the road was a guest in time of peace, but the island kept a record of her force in case peace ended. | |
106 | 19th March Invoice of Ship Speaker Rice beaten fine 45 Bags qt. 300 S. Mds. at 22 Rs. p 10 Surat Mds. 366 2 60 Batty 32 Bags or 3 Parahs is Mds. 3 Pa. 21 at 20 Rups. p Morah 76 3 20 Charges on Merchandize viz. Gunny Bags etc. 55 3 Lascarage 3 2 40 Hamallage 2 2 90 Boat hire 2 2 64 2 30 Rups. 508 0 10 Errors Excepted (Signed) Wm. Hornby Acct. Invoice of Ship Deptford Rice beaten fine 45 Bags qt. 300 S. Mds. at 22 Rs. p 10 Sur. Mds. 366 2 60 Batty 32 Bags or 3 Parahs is Mds. 3 Pa. 21 at 20 Rs. p Morah 76 3 20 Charges on Merchandize viz. Gunny Bags etc. 55 3 Lascarage 3 2 40 Hamallage 2 2 90 Boat hire 2 2 64 2 30 Rups. 508 0 10 Errors Excepted (Signed) Wm. Hornby Acct. Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of February last, which is as follows viz. | The invoices of the Speaker and the Deptford listed the supplies each brought from Bombay. William Hornby, accountant, signed both. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for February 1770, with the results set out below. Invoice of the Speaker: 45 bags of fine beaten rice, weighing 300 Surat maunds, at 22 rupees per 10 Surat maunds, 366 rupees 2 quarters 60 reas 32 bags of batty at 3 parahs a bag, making 3 morahs 21 parahs, at 20 rupees a morah, 76 rupees 3 quarters 20 reas Charges on the goods Gunny bags and other packing, 55 rupees 3 quarters 0 reas Lascarage, 3 rupees 2 quarters 40 reas Hamalage, 2 rupees 2 quarters 90 reas Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Total charges, 64 rupees 2 quarters 30 reas Total, 508 rupees 0 quarters 10 reas Errors excepted Signed by William Hornby, accountant Invoice of the Deptford: 45 bags of fine beaten rice, weighing 300 Surat maunds, at 22 rupees per 10 Surat maunds, 366 rupees 2 quarters 60 reas 32 bags of batty at 3 parahs a bag, making 3 morahs 21 parahs, at 20 rupees a morah, 76 rupees 3 quarters 20 reas Charges on the goods Gunny bags and other packing, 55 rupees 3 quarters 0 reas Lascarage, 3 rupees 2 quarters 40 reas Hamalage, 2 rupees 2 quarters 90 reas Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Total charges, 64 rupees 2 quarters 30 reas Total, 508 rupees 0 quarters 10 reas Errors excepted Signed by William Hornby, accountant Interpretations The two Bombay invoices were identical to each other and to those carried by the Grenville and the Essex in August 1769. They showed the same 45 bags of rice and 32 of batty at the same prices, and the same total of 508 rupees 0 quarters 10 reas. Bombay was meeting a standing order for St Helena by loading one fixed consignment into each homeward ship. The invoice became a printed form in all but name, copied out each season with the rupee charges unchanged. The rice prices at Bombay did not alter from one season to the next. More probably, the Bombay accountant simply priced each consignment at a fixed contract rate, without regard to the current market. | |
107 | Cash Dr. 1770 Febry. 1st To Balance remaining £ 10133 18 2 1/2 16th To Exchange for a sett of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to Captn. Andrew Ross 339 10 17th To Ship Ankerwyke 5 22 To Ship Hampshire 18 10 1 To Ship Plassey 21 7 6 To Ship Cruttenden 12 14 2 24th To Ship Glatton 9 11 11 £ 10535 16 10 1/2 Per Contra Cr. 1770 Feby. 28th By Balance remaining viz. In Specie £ 9996 1 10 1/2 In Cash Notes 539 15 £ 10535 16 10 1/2 | The Council's examination of the Company's cash for February 1770 showed the following. 1 February 1770, balance remaining, £10,133 18s 2½d 16 February 1770, cash received in exchange for 1 set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Andrew Ross, £339 10s 0d The following ships paid in sums during the month. On 17 February 1770, the Ankerwyke paid in £0 5s 0d. Total, £10,535 16s 10½d 28 February 1770, balance remaining in coin, £9,996 1s 10½d 28 February 1770, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,535 16s 10½d Interpretations Five Indiamen called in February 1770, but between them they paid less than £63 into the treasury. Captain Ross's single bill of £339 10s 0d was worth more than five times that. These small sums were probably the ships' accounts for water, stores and boat hire settled with the island. Commanders bought their large supplies of salt meat and rice at the warehouse by account, so very little coin came ashore. The treasury depended on bills of exchange, and in February almost nobody but a commander sent money home. The servants' heavy remittances had gone with the last ships of September, and the treasury would recover only as the season's later ships drew on the island's savings again. | |
108 | 19th March On the 15th instant we Enlisted John Willson, and John Colvinson, and the 17th we likewise Enlisted Timothy Walters, and Samuel Harsent all to serve the Honble. Company as Soldiers for five Years, and gave the two former ten pounds each, and the other two six pounds each Bounty Money to buy them Cloaths etc. John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 20th day of March 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 19th March 1770 Yesterday passed by four Dutch Ships Mr. Matthew Purling reports that he has been on board the Ships Speaker and Deptford to Muster their Company's and enquire for deserters but found none, their Muster Rolls are as follow viz. | On 15 March 1770, the Council enlisted John Wilson and John Colwison, and on 17 March it enlisted Timothy Walters and Samuel Harsent. All four were to serve the Company as soldiers for five years. The first two received a bounty of £10 each and the other two £6 each, to buy clothing and other necessities. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. The Council met at the Castle on Tuesday 20 March 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 19 March 1770 were read, approved and signed. Four Dutch ships had passed the island the day before without calling. Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Speaker and the Deptford to muster their crews and search for deserters. He found none. Their muster rolls read as follows. Interpretations The Council paid new recruits £10 and £6 in March 1770. In 1769 a recruit had received between £2 10s 0d and £5, and £10 had been the bounty for a trained soldier re-enlisting at the end of his term. Wilson and Colwison drew the full re-enlistment rate even though they were joining for the first time, which marks them as experienced men. They had probably been soldiers in the Company's service in India and came ashore from the Bombay ships that had arrived two days earlier. Walters and Harsent, on £6, were perhaps seamen or untrained men. The garrison had lost men steadily to death, discharge and reduction, and the Council was now paying what it took to secure soldiers off passing ships. The Council recorded four Dutch ships passing the island without stopping. These were homeward-bound ships of the Dutch East India Company, which kept to a route far enough from St Helena to avoid calling. The Dutch had their own refreshment station at the Cape, and their homeward fleets usually sailed in company. Seeing them pass let the Council judge their numbers and strength without their ever entering the road. | |
109 | 1770 Muster Roll of Ship Speaker Robt. Scott Commander Jo. Ballany Chief mate Jo. Stevens 2 do. Alex. Watson 3 do. Thos. Wall 4th do. Geo. Scott 5th do. Thos. Hart 6th do. Saml. Clerk Surgeon John Glass do. Mate Jo. Scott Midshipman Jo. Scott do. Geo Freeman do. Jo. Johnston Gunner Will. Holland Boatswain Jo. Burke Carpenter Thos. Miles Ships Steward Will. Cowan Capt. do. Will. Brandon Caulker Robt. White Cooper J. Stewart Armourer Nich. White Butcher Wm. Bradly Capt. Cook Matt. Forth Ships do. Jo. Price Poulterer Wm. Reid Gunr. mate Edw. Wright Boats. do. Will. Mitchell do. 2 do. Will. Brown Carp. do. Jo. Clerk do. 2 do. Jo. Duncan Caulkers do. Wm. Gladston Coopers Mate David Proctor Cooks do. Wm. Price Quarter master Geo. Fitzgerald do. Thos. Brown do. Jo. Hynds do. Jo. McKey do. Thos. Uppington Seaman Jo. Cooper Willm. Skidmore George Willson Jerry Organ James Sharp Christ. Kitchen J. Lambert Geo. Duncan Robt. Riddle Alex. Dowell Jo. Dalzell Jo. Boyton Saml. Webster Jo. Ferry Daniel Adams Major White Saml. Hunter Ned Alister Francis Hurlock Willm. Sweatman Jo. Foster Will. Musgrave Tobias Curran Seaman Saml. Foster Thos. Parslow Will. Boyes Jos. Gavel Will. Byan Jo. Cunningham Alex. Cragie Mag. Cromby Andw. Taylor Jo. Read Thos. Day Will. Wilsher David Kincaldy Alex. McRea Peter Bumly John Urey Jo. Jones Jo. Mills Mattw. Spearing Jo. Taylor Edw. Trevit Willm. Emerson Willm. Gorman Jo. Tucker Jo. Heggeman Geo. Corner Jo. Parkinson Jo. Moore Jo. Pattock | The muster roll of the Speaker read as follows. Robert Scott, commander James Ballary, chief mate James Stevens, second mate Alexander Watson, third mate Thomas Wall, fourth mate George Scott, fifth mate Thomas Hart, sixth mate Samuel Clark, surgeon John Glass, surgeon's mate James Scott, midshipman James Scott, midshipman George Freeman, midshipman James Johnston, gunner William Holland, boatswain James Parks, carpenter Thomas Miles, ship's steward William Cowan, captain's steward William Brandon, caulker Robert White, cooper J. Stewart, armourer Nicholas White, butcher William Bradly, captain's cook Matthew Forth, ship's cook James Price, poulterer William Reid, gunner's mate Edward Wright, boatswain's mate William Mitchell, boatswain's second mate William Bremer, carpenter's mate James Clark, carpenter's second mate James Duncan, caulker's mate William Gladston, cooper's mate David Pender, cook's mate William Price, quartermaster George Fitzgerald, quartermaster Thomas Brown, quartermaster James Hynds, quartermaster James McKay, quartermaster Thomas Uppington, seaman James Cooper, seaman William Shedmore, seaman George Willson, seaman Terry Organ, seaman James Sharp, seaman Christopher Kitchen, seaman J. Lambert, seaman George Duncan, seaman Robert Riddle, seaman Alexander Dowell, seaman James Dalzell, seaman James Boyton, seaman Samuel Hilster, seaman J. Perry, seaman Daniel Adams, seaman Major White, seaman James Hunter, seaman Ned Alister, seaman Francis Hurlock, seaman William Swedeman, seaman J. Foster, seaman William Musgrave, seaman Tobias Ohurnan, seaman Samuel Foster, seaman Thomas Parslow, seaman William Boyce, seaman Joseph Gavel, seaman William Byan, seaman J. Cunningham, seaman Alexander Crage, seaman Magnus Cromby, seaman Andrew Taylor, seaman James Read, seaman Thomas Day, seaman William Wilsher, seaman David Hurdeley, seaman Alexander McRea, seaman Peter Brandy, seaman John Wiry, seaman James Jones, seaman James Mills, seaman Matthew Spearing, seaman James Taylor, seaman Edward Trout, seaman William Emerson, seaman William Gorman, seaman James Tucker, seaman J. Hergeman, seaman George Lawrence, seaman James Parkinson, seaman James Moore, seaman J. Pittcock, seaman | |
110 | 20th March Saml. Rees Seaman John Howard Barnard Josephs John Miller Wm. Smith Boats. Boy Wm. Steward Chief Mt. do. Jo. Drysdale 2 do. do. Robt. Gunter Doctors Servant Jo. Garrald Gunners do. Geo. Lath Capt. do. Cornelius Kirk Seaman Passengers Mr. Keating Capt. Guizelt Mr. Heysham Mr. Mordant Mr. Waters (Signed) Robt. Scott Muster Roll of Ship Deptford Wm. Fryer Commander Willm. Money Chief Mate Geo. Lindsay 2 do. Jos. Cotton 3rd do. Hen. Davenport 4th do. Wm. Dashwood 5th do. Jo. Shaw Surgeon Arthur Joseph Purser Will. Josling Surg. Mate Wm. Grosse Gunner John Morris Carp. Robt. Ballantine Boats. Jo. Major Mid. and Coxn. Isaac Schomburg do. J. Waters do. Wm. Sandiland Quart. mast. David Yorston Qr. mast. Richd. Hopsted do. Wm. Harald do. Geo. Harris Caulker Will. Lewis Sailmaker Edw. Hill Capt. Steward Saml. Smith Ships do. Wm. Glanville Capt. Cook Wm. Cauthery Ships do. Anthy. Dannell Butcher Jo. Gibson Capt. Taylor Henry Smith Joiner Wm. Evans Carp. 1st mate Wm. Marshal do. 2 do. Jo. Sopherson Gunr. do. Henry King Caulk. do. Wm. Johnson Coopers mate Ch. Cockell Capt. Cooks do. Jo. Bannister Baker Jo. Carnes Boats. 1st mate Jo. Bowls do. 2 do. Robt. Roberts Armourer Will Hilton Seaman Jos. Powell Jas. Shrouder Robt. Hodgson Ch. Seabry Saml. Barklett Geo. Cook Will Stephens Will Calwler Jo. Bowers | The muster roll of the Speaker continued with her remaining crew, her servants and her passengers, and closed with the commander's signature. The muster roll of the Deptford followed. Samuel Ross, seaman John Howard, seaman Barnard Josephs, seaman John Miller, seaman W. Smith, boatswain's boy W. Steward, chief mate's boy James Drysdale, second mate's boy Robert Gunter, surgeon's servant J. Garrald, gunner's servant George Lath, captain's servant Cornelius Kirk, seaman Passengers Mr Keating Captain Guizett Mr Heysham Mr Mordant Mr Waters Signed by Robert Scott Muster roll of the Deptford W. Fryer, commander William Manny, chief mate George Lindsay, second mate James Cotton, third mate Henry Davenport, fourth mate W. Dashwood, fifth mate James Shaw, surgeon Arthur Joseph, purser William Josperling, surgeon's mate W. Groffs, gunner John Morris, carpenter Robert Ballestone, boatswain James Major, midshipman and coxswain Isaac Schoonberg, midshipman J. Waters, midshipman W. Sandeland, quartermaster David Younker, quartermaster Richard Hipsted, quartermaster W. Herald, quartermaster George Harris, caulker William Lewis, sailmaker Edward Hill, captain's steward Samuel Smith, ship's steward W. Glanville, captain's cook W. Cauthery, ship's cook Anthony Dannell, butcher James Gibson, captain's tailor Henry Smith, joiner W. Evans, carpenter's first mate W. Marshal, carpenter's second mate James Sapherson, gunner's mate Henry King, caulker's mate W. Johnson, cooper's mate Charles Cockell, captain's clothier James Brewmaster, baker James Carnes, boatswain's first mate James Bowls, boatswain's second mate Robert Roberts, armourer William Hilton, seaman Joseph Powell, seaman James Shrouder, seaman Robert Hodgson, seaman Charles Seabry, seaman Samuel Barkett, seaman George Cook, seaman William Stephens, seaman William Calder, seaman James Bowers, seaman Interpretations The Deptford carried a tailor and a clothier who served the captain alone, as well as his own cook and steward. A commander of an Indiaman lived in some state. His great cabin was a private household at sea, staffed by men he paid himself, and he entertained the passengers of rank who shared his table. The captain's tailor and clothier also suggest he carried cloth and clothing in his private trade, making and selling garments at the ports of call. The Speaker's boys, by contrast, were attached to the mates and boatswain and learned the sea under them. | |
111 | 1770 Wm. Bennett Seaman Thos. Younghusband Ch. Scally Jo. Dunn Fredk. Links Jas. Job Francis Temple Richd. Dickman Henry Nalthurst Will. Garland Jo. Hayes Will Marley John Jacobs Abra. Hawk Will. Croy Thos. Williams J. Sandyland Jo. Buell Seaman Will. Jobson Richd. Mitchell Stephen Gardener Saml. Shedden Richd. Proton Robt. Hall Jas. Williams Jo. Taylor Thos. Page Jo. Markham Rd. S. Thompson Thos. Osgood Jo. Ellensworth Thos. Batts Jo. Harrington J. Stafford Will Harrison Seaman Humphrey Williams Jo. Hingwell Jo. Madden Isaac Elgar Robt. Brook Christn. Mears Thos. Cass J. Jeffreys Wm. Simmonds Richd. Bettes Jo. Edridge Jo. Johnson Jo. Shaw J. Jobes Henry Hall Thomas White Passengers Colonel Brewer Mr. Clough Mr. Stephenson Edward Stephenson Child Mr. Peachy Mr. Budicah Geo. Gouldsbury Mary Gouldsbury (Signed) Wm. Fryer The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from the Ship Speaker viz. | The muster roll of the Deptford continued with her remaining seamen and her passengers, and closed with the commander's signature. The storekeeper then presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Speaker. William Bennett, seaman Thomas Younghusband, seaman Charles Scally, seaman James Dunn, seaman Frederick Tinks, seaman James Job, seaman Francis Temple, seaman Richard Dickman, seaman Henry Nallbert, seaman William Garland, seaman James Hayes, seaman William Marley, seaman John Jacobs, seaman Abraham Hawk, seaman William Croy, seaman Thomas Williams, seaman J. Sandyland, seaman James Revell, seaman William Jobson, seaman Richard Mitchell, seaman Stephen Gardener, seaman Samuel Shedder, seaman Richard Proctor, seaman Robert Hall, seaman James Williams, seaman James Taylor, seaman Thomas Page, seaman James Markham, seaman R. S. Thompson, seaman Thomas Osgood, seaman James Ellenworth, seaman Thomas Batt, seaman James Harrington, seaman J. Stafford, seaman William Harrison, seaman Humphrey Williams, seaman James Kingwell, seaman James Madden, seaman Isaac Elgar, seaman Robert Brook, seaman Christopher Mears, seaman Thomas Cass, seaman J. Jeffreys, seaman W. Simmonds, seaman Richard Bilks, seaman James Edridge, seaman James Johnson, seaman James Shaw, seaman J. Jobes, seaman Henry Hall, seaman Thomas White, seaman Passengers Colonel Brewer Mrs Clough Mr Stephenson Edward Stephenson, a child Mr Peachy Mr Budrick George Gouldsbury Mary Gouldsbury Signed by William Fryer Interpretations The Deptford carried a family party home from Bombay: Mr Stephenson with a child, Edward, and George and Mary Gouldsbury, who were probably husband and wife or brother and sister. Colonel Brewer was likely an officer of the Bombay army going home on leave or retirement. Children of Company servants born in India were commonly sent to England for schooling and health, since the climate of the Indian coasts killed many young Europeans. A homeward Indiaman was often a family ship as much as a merchant vessel. The commander's private quarters and the round-house were given over to officials, officers' wives and children making the long passage home. | |
112 | 20th March Account of Stores short received from Ship Speaker viz. Cwt. qrs. lb. 3 3 Rice short weight occasioned by Wastage, the Bags being in good order 30 2 Paddy received (Signed) St. Helena 20th March 1770 Jas. Powell Storekeeper Edward Dudley, James Manalon, James Avery, Willm. Aispold, John Crawley, William Carfree and John Woods Private this day petitioned for their discharges from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company their Contracted Times Granted Captn. Scott brought from the Cape on Account of the Honble. Company seven Sheep and twelve pounds of Garden Seeds as p the following Bill for the payment whereof, we have given him Certificates The Honble. Company Dr. To Capt. Robt. Scott To 7 Ewe Sheep at 14/ each £ 4 18 To 12 lb Gardens Seeds at 5/ p lb 3 £ 7 18 Errors Excepted Contents received (Signed) James Scott John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | The storekeeper's account of stores short on delivery from the Speaker read as follows. 0 hundredweight 3 quarters 3 pounds of rice, short in weight through wastage, the bags being in good condition 30 hundredweight 0 quarters 2 pounds of paddy received Signed by James Powell, storekeeper, at St Helena on 20 March 1770 Edward Dudley, James Manalon, James Avery, William Clissold, John Crawley, William Carfoe and John Woods, all privates, petitioned that day for their discharge from the garrison, having served out the terms of their engagement with the Company. The Council granted it. Captain Scott had brought seven sheep and 12 pounds of garden seeds from the Cape on the Company's account. The Council gave him certificates for payment, and the account read as follows. The Company, debtor to Captain Robert Scott 7 ewes at 14s each, £4 18s 0d 12 pounds of garden seeds at 5s a pound, £3 0s 0d Total, £7 18s 0d Errors excepted, contents received Signed by the commander, and by John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling Interpretations Seven privates took their discharge on 20 March 1770, the same week the Council paid bounties of £10 and £6 to four new recruits. The Speaker and Deptford lay in the road, bound for England, and offered time-expired men the chance of a passage home. The Council could not hold a soldier past his term. What it could do was take on fresh men from the same ships, and the high bounties paid on 15 and 17 March show it outbidding the pull of home to keep the garrison's numbers up as the season's discharges came due. The garden seeds from the Cape cost 5s a pound. When James Gordon's stock of seeds was auctioned in 1769, it fetched £1. Seeds of English vegetables lost their vigour on the long voyage from England, but those raised at the Cape were fresher and suited to a southern-hemisphere season. Buying seed and breeding ewes there let the Company improve the gardens and flocks at Plantation House from the nearest source of European stock. | |
113 | 22nd March At a Consultation held on Thursday the 22nd day of March 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 20th March 1770 Tuesday the 20th Died Mr. Orlando Bagley Planter do. do. do. William Holbrook Master Mason Yesterday Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Speaker for England Captain Fryer bought at the Cape on Account of the Honble. Company twelve Black Cattle and Fifty five Sheep as p the following Bill, for the payment whereof we have given him Certificates The Honble. Company Dr. To Sundrys Bot. at the Cape on their Account viz. Rd. sk. st. To 12 head of Cattle at 12 Rds. p Head 144 To 55 Sheep at 2 do. do. 110 To Boat hire for bringing the Cattle on board 20 To Cooly hire 10 To 12 Bags Hay 14 To Barley 10 Rd. 308 For which I paid (616) Rupees Six Hundred and sixteen Cape 1st March 1770 (Signed) E.E. Wm. Fryer The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Acct. of Stores short Received from Ship Deptford viz. | The Council met at the Castle on Thursday 22 March 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 20 March 1770 were read, approved and signed. Orlando Bagley, a planter, died on Tuesday 20 March 1770, and William Holbrook, the master mason, died the same day. The Company's ship Speaker sailed for England on 21 March. Captain Tryon had bought 12 cattle and 55 sheep at the Cape on the Company's account. The Council gave him certificates for payment, and his account read as follows. The Company, debtor for goods bought at the Cape on its account 12 head of cattle at 12 rixdollars each, 144 rixdollars 55 sheep at 2 rixdollars each, 110 rixdollars Boat hire for bringing the cattle on board, 20 rixdollars Coolie hire, 10 rixdollars 12 bags of hay, 14 rixdollars Barley, 10 rixdollars Total, 308 rixdollars Paid for the above, 616 rupees Dated at the Cape on 1 March 1770, errors excepted Signed by William Tryon The storekeeper then presented an account of stores found short on delivery from the Deptford. Interpretations The Company brought 12 cattle and 55 sheep from the Cape in the Deptford, only weeks after Captain Ross had brought 50 sheep in the Ankerwyke and Captain Scott seven ewes in the Speaker. On 13 October 1769, the Council had resolved to give the garrison a monthly issue of fresh meat from the Company's herd. Feeding some 400 soldiers in that way would quickly have drained a herd of 437 head. Buying stock at the Cape, where a beast cost 12 rixdollars and a sheep 2, let the Council keep that promise without breaking up its own breeding herd. The hay and barley carried with them fed the animals on the voyage, since a ship could not spare grazing for livestock in her waist for a fortnight's passage. William Holbrook's death removed the island's master mason at the height of the building season. He had been paid £30 a quarter, and his apprentice's labour was charged separately. The demi-bastion in James's Valley, the walls at Lemon Valley and the new masonry magazine at Munden's Point all depended on dressed stone and skilled laying. The works would now have to go on under his mate, John Preston, until the Court could send a replacement from England. Orlando Bagley was one of the island's largest landholders, and his death would bring his leases and slaves before the Council for settlement. | |
114 | 22nd March Account of Stores short received from Ship Deptford Cwt. qrs. lb. 3 3 22 Rice short weight Occasioned by Wastage the bags being in good Order 47 3 2 Paddy received (Signed) St. Helena 22 March 1770 Jam. Powell Storekeeper On the 20th instant we Inlisted Richard Wallace to serve the Honble. Company as a Soldier for five Years, he appearing to be a good Man we gave him six pounds Bounty Money to buy him Cloaths etc. Robert Hopkinson Sergeant, William Stone Matross, and William Hunt, John Sabourine and Edward Haddock Private, this day petitioned for their discharges from the Garrison, having served the Honble. Company their contracted times Granted John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | The storekeeper's account of stores short on delivery from the Deptford read as follows. 3 hundredweight 3 quarters 22 pounds of rice, short in weight through wastage, the bags being in good condition 47 hundredweight 3 quarters 2 pounds of paddy received Signed by James Powell, storekeeper, at St Helena on 22 March 1770 On 20 March 1770, the Council enlisted Richard Wallace to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. Since he appeared to be a good man, it gave him a bounty of £6 to buy clothing and other necessities. Robert Hopkinson, a sergeant, William Stone, a matross, and William Hunt, John Sabourin and Edward Haddock, all privates, petitioned that day for their discharge from the garrison, having served out the terms of their engagement. The Council granted it. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. Interpretations Twelve soldiers had taken their discharge since 20 March 1770, and among them was Robert Hopkinson, one of the Second Company's sergeants, with long service behind him. In the same days the Council enlisted only five men. Two of those came at £10 and three at £6, while seven more men had gone on 20 March alone. Many of the garrison's five-year engagements dated from the drafts of 1765, and they now fell due together while the homeward ships lay in the road offering a passage. In May 1769 the Council had kept twelve such men by paying £10 each to re-enlist. This time no re-enlistment bounties were recorded, and the garrison lost the men. The Council may have judged that the new recruits from the Bombay ships, already trained, could fill the gaps more cheaply. | |
115 | 26th March At a Consultation held on Monday the 26th day of March 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 22nd March 1770 Thursday the 22 Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Deptford for England On the 22 instant the Executor of William Holbrook presented his last Will and Testament desiring the same might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto, the Will is as follows viz. In the Name of God Amen I William Holbrook of the Island of St. Helena, being of sound and perfect Mind and Memory praise be therefore given to Almighty God, do make and ordain this my last Will and Testament in manner and form following (that is to say) First and principally, I commend my Soul into the Hands of Almighty God, hoping through the merits, Death and Passion of our Saviour Jesus Christ, to have full and free pardon and forgiveness of all my Sins and to Inherit everlasting Life, and my Body I commit to the Earth to be decently buried, at the discretion of my Executors, hereafter mentioned, and as to the disposition of all such Temporal Estate, as it hath pleased Almighty God to bless me with: I give and dispose thereof as follows viz. First I will that my Debts and funeral charges shall be paid and discharged Item I desire that the overplus of what kind soever it may or shall be, may be disposed of to the best advantage and remitted by the first convenient opportunity unto my beloved Daughter Martha the Wife of William Hyde, (by trade Shoe maker) living in the back lane, near the sign of the Coal Shovel, in back lane, near St. George's in the East London. Lastly I constitute and appoint my trusty and well beloved friend Mr. John Price Publican of | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 26 March 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 22 March 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Company's ship Deptford sailed for England on Thursday 22 March. On 22 March, the executor of William Holbrook presented his will and asked for it to be proved. The Council proved it on the oaths of the witnesses. Its terms were as follows. William Holbrook of St Helena, being of sound mind and memory, made this his last will. He commended his soul to God, trusting in the death and passion of Jesus Christ for the pardon of his sins and for eternal life. He left his body to be buried decently at the discretion of his executor. He then disposed of his worldly estate. First, he directed that his debts and funeral expenses be paid. Whatever remained of his estate, of whatever kind, was to be sold to the best advantage and the proceeds sent by the first convenient opportunity to his daughter Martha. She was the wife of William Hyde, a ropemaker, who lived in Back Lane near the sign of the Coal Shovel, close to St George's in the East, London. Lastly, he named as executor his friend John Price, a publican of [...]. Interpretations William Holbrook, the master mason, left everything to a married daughter living in the East End of London, near the docks and ropewalks along the Thames. Like many skilled men who took Company posts at St Helena, he had left his family behind in England and earned a better wage on the island than he could have at home. His will directed that all his goods be sold and the money sent home. The proceeds would travel as a bill of exchange on the Court of Directors, the island's only safe way of sending money to London. His executor was John Price, the publican who also served as marshal, gaoler and sexton. A tradesman without family on the island chose a man he drank with and trusted, and the Council proved the will on the witnesses' oaths so that the Company would honour the bill when it reached London. | |
116 | 26th March of this Island, Sole Executor, of and to this my last Will and Testament, In Witness whereof, I the said William Holbrook to this my last Will and Testament, being contained in one sheet of paper, have set my hand and Seal, this twenty fifth day of August, and in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and sixty nine (Signed) William Holbrook In presence of Us (Signed) Thos. Jones Charles Gipping James Armstrong and John Barnes Private this day petitioned for their discharges from the Garrison, having served the Honble. Company their contracted times Granted Mr. John Goodwin's contracted time as a Writer expiring on the 21st instant, applied to Us, to be put upon the Establishment of a Factor, which we accordingly Agreed to John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | John Price, the publican, was named as Holbrook's sole executor. Holbrook signed and sealed the will, written on a single sheet of paper, on 25 August 1769, in the presence of Thomas Jones and Charles Gipping, who signed as witnesses. James Armstrong and John Barnes, privates, petitioned that day for their discharge from the garrison, having served out the terms of their engagement. The Council granted it. John Goodwin's term as a writer expired on 21 March 1770. He asked to be placed on the establishment as a factor, and the Council agreed. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. Interpretations Holbrook made his will on 25 August 1769, seven months before he died. Skilled men on St Helena wrote their wills well in advance, knowing that sickness on the island could kill within days and that a man dying without a will left his family in England with no easy means of claiming his goods. The witnesses' oaths, taken before the Council, gave the will the force it needed for the proceeds to be sent home. A writer served a fixed term, usually five years, before he could rise to factor, the next grade in the Company's civil service. John Goodwin's promotion followed his term automatically once it ran out, and it brought a higher salary, a larger share of allowances and a place nearer the Council. His son Richard had died in September 1769. Goodwin's advance was the ordinary step in a career that, for an island family like his, might lead in time to a seat at the Council table. | |
117 | 2nd April At a Consultation held on Monday the 2nd day of April 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 26th March 1770 Wednesday the 28th Arrived a French Ship from Bengal, called the Le Duc De Praslin, Capt. Maguey, burthen about six hundred Tons, carrys one hundred and sixty four Men, and twenty Guns, loaden with Bengal Goods, bound to Port L'Orient do. do. do. a Dane Ship from China called the Queen Sophia Magdalena, Capt. Holm, burthen about one thousand one hundred Tons, carrys twenty six Guns, and one hundred and Sixty Men, loaden with Tea, China Ware, and Silk bound to Copenhagen do. do. Past by a Ship at a great distance Thursday the 29th do. the Nottinghams Boat at Banks's half an hour past eight o'Clock in the morning do. do. do. the Granby's Boat at Banks's half an hour past three o'Clock in the Afternoon do. do. do. the Honble. Company's Ships Nottingham and Granby from China, the Granby last from the Cape do. do. do. the Spekes Boat at Banks's half an hour past eight o'Clock at Night do. do. do. the Pigotts Boat at Banks's at twelve o'Clock at night Friday the 30th do. the Honble. Company's Ships Speke and Pigot from China do. do. do. the Hectors Boat at Banks's at eight o'Clock in the Morning do. do. do. the Ravensworths Boat at Banks's a quarter past three o'Clock in the Afternoon do. do. Sailed the French Ship Duc De Praslin for Port L'Orient | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 2 April 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 26 March 1770 were read, approved and signed. On Wednesday 28 March 1770, a French ship from Bengal arrived, the Duc de Praslin, under Captain Maguey. She was of about 600 tons, carried 20 guns and 164 men, and was laden with Bengal goods for Port L'Orient. The same day a Danish ship from China arrived, the Queen Sophia Magdalena, under Captain Holm. She was of about 1,100 tons, carried 26 guns and 160 men, and was laden with tea, china and silk for Copenhagen. Another ship passed the island that day at a great distance. On Thursday 29 March, a boat from the Nottingham came in at Banks's at half past eight in the morning, and a boat from the Granby at half past three in the afternoon. The Company's ships Nottingham and Granby arrived the same day from China, the Granby having called last at the Cape. That night a boat from the Speke reached Banks's at half past eight, and one from the Pigot at midnight. On Friday 30 March the Company's ships Speke and Pigot arrived from China. At eight o'clock that morning a boat from the Hector came in at Banks's, and at a quarter past three in the afternoon one from the Ravensworth. The French ship Duc de Praslin sailed for Port L'Orient the same day. Interpretations Within three days at the end of March 1770, the road held a French ship, a Danish ship and four of the Company's own Indiamen, with two more sending their boats ahead. The French and Danish ships were both well armed. The Duc de Praslin carried 20 guns and 164 men, which was a large crew for 600 tons, and the Queen Sophia Magdalena carried 26 guns. Between them they had more than 300 men aboard, at a time when the garrison numbered barely 400. In peace they were welcome guests. The Council nonetheless recorded the force of each, because a foreign squadron arriving together in the road was precisely how St Helena might be seized in war. Each ship sent a boat ahead to Banks's, often hours before she came in, and some arrived in the dark. Banks's lay on the windward coast, where ships rounding the island from the south-east were first seen. The boat carried the ship's name and business, so that the batteries would not mistake her for an enemy, and its arrival was logged to the half hour. | |
118 | 2nd April Saturday the 31st Arrived the Honble. Company's Ships Hector and Ravensworth from China Yesterday Sailed the Dane Ship Queen Sophia Magdalena for Copenhagen The Nottingham, Speke, Pigot and Hector brought Us the following supplies viz. Invoice of Ship Nottingham 19 Chests of 2d sort Chin Chew Sugar Candy No. 41 27 290 2 26 289 3 24 286 4 26 290 5 28 293 6 26 290 7 26 286 8 27 293 9 27 291 50 26 290 51 25 287 2 27 290 3 28 290 4 27 290 5 28 290 6 27 290 7 29 293 8 26 290 9 29 293 509 Tare 5511 509 5002 lb Pecul 37.51 at Ts. 7.800 Ts. 292 5 7 8 Errors Excepted (Signed) Willm. Bruce Thos. Bevan W. Harrison Matt. Raper Junr. John Bradly Blake James Bradshaw Henry Revell Hillary Torriano Step. De Visme Francis Wood Benj. Lorin Edward Phipps | On Saturday 31 March 1770, the Company's ships Hector and Ravensworth arrived from China. The Danish ship Queen Sophia Magdalena sailed for Copenhagen on 1 April. The Nottingham, Speke, Pigot and Hector brought supplies for the island, beginning with the invoice of the Nottingham. 19 chests of second-sort Chinchew sugar candy Chest number 41, tare 27 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 42, tare 26 pounds, gross 289 pounds Chest number 43, tare 24 pounds, gross 286 pounds Chest number 44, tare 26 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 45, tare 28 pounds, gross 293 pounds Chest number 46, tare 26 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 47, tare 26 pounds, gross 286 pounds Chest number 48, tare 27 pounds, gross 293 pounds Chest number 49, tare 27 pounds, gross 291 pounds Chest number 50, tare 26 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 51, tare 25 pounds, gross 287 pounds Chest number 52, tare 27 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 53, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 54, tare 27 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 55, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 56, tare 27 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 57, tare 29 pounds, gross 293 pounds Chest number 58, tare 26 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 59, tare 29 pounds, gross 293 pounds Total gross weight, 5,511 pounds Total tare, 509 pounds Net weight, 5,002 pounds, or 37.51 piculs, at 7 taels 8 mace a picul, 292 taels 5 mace 7 candareens 8 cash Errors excepted Signed by William Bruce, Thomas Bevan, W. Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, Henry Revell, Hillary Torriano, Stephen De Vismes, Francis Wood, Benjamin Torin and Edward Phipps Interpretations The Nottingham's chests were numbered 41 to 59, following on from the Plassey's 1 to 10 and the Glatton's 11 to 20. Chests 21 to 40 had evidently travelled in other ships of the same season. The supercargoes at Canton had made up one large order of sugar candy for St Helena, numbered it in a single series and spread it across several Indiamen. If any one ship was lost, the island would lose only part of its supply. The running numbers also let the storekeeper check that every chest had arrived. The Nottingham alone carried nearly 2¼ tons of candy, priced at the same 7 taels 8 mace a picul as the earlier shipments. | |
119 | Invoice of Ship Speke 20 Chests of Sugar viz. No. 21 24 283 2 26 287 3 26 290 4 24 286 5 30 294 6 28 292 7 26 291 8 26 293 9 26 289 30 27 291 31 26 288 2 25 288 3 25 287 4 25 288 5 25 287 6 27 289 7 26 296 8 25 288 9 24 287 40 26 290 517 Tare Gross 5789 517 5272 lb or Pecul 39.54 at Ts. 4.5 Ts. 177 9 3 Errors Excepted (Signed) Henry Revell Hillary Torriano Stepn. De Visme Francis Wood Benj. Lorin Edw. Phipps Wm. Bruce Thos. Bevan W. Harrison Mattw. Raper Junr. John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw | The invoice of the Speke listed the supplies she brought from China. 20 chests of sugar Chest number 21, tare 24 pounds, gross 288 pounds Chest number 22, tare 26 pounds, gross 287 pounds Chest number 23, tare 26 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 24, tare 24 pounds, gross 286 pounds Chest number 25, tare 30 pounds, gross 294 pounds Chest number 26, tare 28 pounds, gross 292 pounds Chest number 27, tare 26 pounds, gross 291 pounds Chest number 28, tare 26 pounds, gross 293 pounds Chest number 29, tare 26 pounds, gross 289 pounds Chest number 30, tare 27 pounds, gross 291 pounds Chest number 31, tare 26 pounds, gross 288 pounds Chest number 32, tare 25 pounds, gross 288 pounds Chest number 33, tare 25 pounds, gross 287 pounds Chest number 34, tare 25 pounds, gross 288 pounds Chest number 35, tare 25 pounds, gross 287 pounds Chest number 36, tare 27 pounds, gross 289 pounds Chest number 37, tare 26 pounds, gross 296 pounds Chest number 38, tare 25 pounds, gross 288 pounds Chest number 39, tare 24 pounds, gross 287 pounds Chest number 40, tare 26 pounds, gross 290 pounds Total gross weight, 5,789 pounds Total tare, 517 pounds Net weight, 5,272 pounds, or 39.54 piculs, at 4 taels 5 mace a picul, 177 taels 9 mace 3 candareens 0 cash Errors excepted Signed by Henry Revell, Hillary Torriano, Stephen De Vismes, Francis Wood, Benjamin Torin, Edward Phipps, William Bruce, Thomas Bevan, W. Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake and James Bradshaw Interpretations The Speke carried chests 21 to 40, which closed the gap between the Glatton's candy and the Nottingham's. These chests held plain sugar, not candy, priced at 4 taels 5 mace a picul against 7 taels 8 mace for candy. The supercargoes numbered sugar and candy in one running series because they were filling a single order from St Helena for its year's sweetening. Plain sugar went to the slaves, the hospital and the soldiers' tea. Candy, almost twice as dear, went to the Governor's table and to the servants' households, where it sweetened punch and preserves. | |
120 | 2nd April Invoice of Ship Pigot 20 Chests of 2d sort Chin Chew Sugar Candy No. 21 26 290 2 27 290 3 29 290 4 28 290 5 28 290 6 28 290 7 28 292 8 26 290 9 27 293 30 28 290 31 28 290 2 28 291 3 27 290 4 29 293 5 26 289 6 30 290 7 28 293 8 27 293 9 28 286 40 26 290 548 Tare 5810 548 5262 lb Pecul 39.46 at Ts. 7.800 Ts. 307 7 8 8 Errors Excepted (Signed) Henry Revell Hillary Torriano Stepn. De Visme Francis Wood Junr. Benj. Lorin Edward Phipps Willm. Bruce Thos. Bevan Wm. Harrison Mattw. Raper Junr. John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw | The invoice of the Pigot listed the supplies she brought from China. 20 chests of second-sort Chinchew sugar candy Chest number 21, tare 26 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 22, tare 27 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 23, tare 29 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 24, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 25, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 26, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 27, tare 22 pounds, gross 292 pounds Chest number 28, tare 26 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 29, tare 27 pounds, gross 293 pounds Chest number 30, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 31, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 32, tare 28 pounds, gross 291 pounds Chest number 33, tare 27 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 34, tare 29 pounds, gross 293 pounds Chest number 35, tare 26 pounds, gross 289 pounds Chest number 36, tare 30 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 37, tare 28 pounds, gross 293 pounds Chest number 38, tare 27 pounds, gross 293 pounds Chest number 39, tare 28 pounds, gross 286 pounds Chest number 40, tare 26 pounds, gross 290 pounds Total gross weight, 5,810 pounds Total tare, 548 pounds Net weight, 5,262 pounds, or 39.46 piculs, at 7 taels 8 mace a picul, 307 taels 7 mace 8 candareens 8 cash Errors excepted Signed by Henry Revell, Hillary Torriano, Stephen De Vismes, Francis Wood junior, Benjamin Torin, Edward Phipps, William Bruce, Thomas Bevan, W. Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake and James Bradshaw Interpretations The Pigot carried candy chests 21 to 40, the same numbers as the Speke's sugar. The supercargoes had kept two separate series, one for sugar and one for candy, not a single running sequence. Candy chests 1 to 20 came in the Plassey and Glatton, 21 to 40 in the Pigot and 41 to 59 in the Nottingham. Together they made up 59 chests of candy, about 7½ tons, for a single season. At the rate the Governor's table, the servants and the slaves drew candy through 1769, this was roughly a year's supply. It was shipped in four vessels so that no single loss could leave the island without sweetening. | |
121 | 1770 Invoice of Ship Hector 6 Chests of Bohea Tea viz. No. 1 39 180 2 40 176 3 40 183 4 40 183 5 39 176 6 41 173 239 Tare Gross 1071 239 832 lb or Pecul 6.24 at Ts. 14 p Pecul 87 3 6 3 Chests of Congo No. 2 209 3 4 209 5 [...] 323 Tare at 24 lb p Chest 120 403 lb or Pecul 3.02 at Ts. 25 do. 75 5 4 Chests of Single (Hyson Skins) No. 2 169 3 4 169 Gross 338 Tare 19 lb 76 262 lb or Pecul 1.96 at Ts. 27 do. 52 9 2 Taels 215 7 8 Errors Excepted (Signed) Henry Revell Hillary Torriano Stepn. De Visme Francis Wood Junr. Benj. Lorin Edward Phipps Willm. Bruce Thos. Bevan Willm. Harrison Mattw. Raper Junr. John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw | The invoice of the Hector listed the tea she brought from China. 6 chests of bohea tea Chest number 1, tare 39 pounds, gross 180 pounds Chest number 2, tare 40 pounds, gross 176 pounds Chest number 3, tare 40 pounds, gross 183 pounds Chest number 4, tare 40 pounds, gross 183 pounds Chest number 5, tare 39 pounds, gross 176 pounds Chest number 6, tare 41 pounds, gross 173 pounds Total gross weight, 1,071 pounds Total tare, 239 pounds Net weight, 832 pounds, or 6.24 piculs, at 14 taels a picul, 87 taels 3 mace 6 candareens 0 cash 5 chests of congou tea Chests numbers 1 and 2, gross 209 pounds Chests numbers 3 and 4, gross 209 pounds Chest number 5, gross 105 pounds Total gross weight, 523 pounds Tare of 5 chests at 24 pounds each, 120 pounds Net weight, 403 pounds, or 3.02 piculs, at 25 taels a picul, 75 taels 5 mace 0 candareens 0 cash 4 chests of singlo tea, of the hyson skin grade Chests numbers 1 and 2, gross 169 pounds Chests numbers 3 and 4, gross 169 pounds Total gross weight, 338 pounds Tare of 4 chests at 19 pounds each, 76 pounds Net weight, 262 pounds, or 1.96 piculs, at 27 taels a picul, 52 taels 9 mace 2 candareens 0 cash Total, 215 taels 7 mace 8 candareens 0 cash Errors excepted Signed by Henry Revell, Hillary Torriano, Stephen De Vismes, Francis Wood junior, Benjamin Torin, Edward Phipps, William Bruce, Thomas Bevan, W. Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake and James Bradshaw Interpretations Over 1,450 pounds of tea came in the Hector, enough to restock a warehouse that had been nearly empty since the autumn. In the quarter to December 1769, the Company's servants had bought under 300 pounds of tea, against more than 1,000 pounds in the quarter before, because the storekeeper was rationing what was left. The Hector was one of the first China ships of the new season, and her tea let normal sales resume. The three grades were priced very differently at Canton. Bohea, the coarsest black tea, cost 14 taels a picul, congou nearly twice that at 25, and singlo of the hyson skin grade 27. Hyson skin was made from the larger, coarser leaves sifted out of fine hyson green tea, so it was a cheap green tea for those who wanted green rather than black. The bohea went to the slaves, the garrison's guards and the servants' kitchens. The dearer congou and singlo went to the Governor's table and the officials' parlours. | |
122 | 2nd April Mr. Matthew Purling Reports that he has been on board the Ships Nottingham, Granby, Speke and Pigot, to Muster their Company's and enquire for deserters but found none, their Muster Rolls are as follow viz. Muster Roll of Ship Nottingham Peter Hoake Commander J. Williamson Chief mate Will. Gowland 2 do. Thos. Boddle 3 do. Ch. Cromelin 4th do. J. Teal 5th do. Jo. Oglevy 6th do. Jos. Davies Purser Alex. Carnegy Surgeon Saml. Jones do. mate Adam Lowden Gunner Thos. Houghton Boats. J. Armstead Carpenter Will Thompson Midshipn. Henry Hangford do. Benj. Francis do. Thos. Allen do. Brodie Hepworth do. Hump. Chesham Qr. mast. Danl. Mahony do. Geo. Anderson do. Thos. Dudley do. Jos. Hopson Ships Stew. Danl. Morgan Capt. do. J. Garbutt Caulker Thos. Bechett Sailmaker Henry Gray Cooper Thos. Acton Ships Cook Jo. Lack Capt. do. Edw. March Butcher Jo. Griffiths Poulterer Jos. Sawell Gunr. mate Will. Hayes Boat. do. Henry Hughs Carp. 1 do. Wm. Willyard do. 2 do. John Lockwood Caulker do. David Ross Coopers do. J. Cummings Capt. Cooks do. Andw. Monro Seaman Ch. Manley Will. Grayham Peter Dixon Richd. Stephens John Mason Jo. Mowatt Jo. Boulton Arch. Carmichael Jo. Knowles Alex Nelson Jo. McCarty Will Blake Seaman J. Baxter Peter Maclane Thos. Fradd J. Fawcett Thos. Malcolm Jo. Peters Henry Ian Thos. Sanderson Jo. Richards Danl. Gray Thos. Rice Robt. Appleton Anthy. Sherry Mich. Wilkie Jos. Fidler Thos. Groves Thos. Brochetts Chris. Morley Jos. Marr John Clifton Law. Jameson Jo. McCoy Jo. Manning Jo. Foster | Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Nottingham, the Granby, the Speke and the Pigot to muster their crews and search for deserters. He found none. Their muster rolls read as follows, beginning with that of the Nottingham. Peter Hoaker, commander J. Williamson, chief mate William Gowland, second mate Thomas Boodle, third mate Charles Cranmer, fourth mate J. Teal, fifth mate James Ogilvy, sixth mate James Davies, purser Alexander Carnegy, surgeon Samuel Jones, surgeon's mate Adam Lowden, gunner Thomas Houghton, boatswain J. Armstead, carpenter William Thompson, midshipman Henry Wangford, midshipman Benjamin Francis, midshipman Thomas Allen, midshipman Brodie Hepworth, midshipman Humphrey Chisham, quartermaster Daniel Mahony, quartermaster George Anderson, quartermaster Thomas Dudley, quartermaster Joseph Hopson, ship's steward Daniel Morgan, captain's steward J. Garbutt, caulker Thomas Bechell, sailmaker Henry Gray, cooper Thomas Weston, ship's cook James Jack, captain's cook Lancelot Marsh, butcher James Griffiths, poulterer Joseph Sarwell, gunner's mate William Hayes, boatswain's mate Henry Hughes, carpenter's first mate William Hillyard, carpenter's second mate John Lockwood, caulker's mate David Ross, cooper's mate J. Cummings, captain's cook's mate Andrew Monro, seaman Charles Manley, seaman William Grayham, seaman Peter Dixon, seaman Richard Stephens, seaman John Mason, seaman James Mewatt, seaman James Boulton, seaman Archibald Carmichael, seaman James Knowles, seaman Alexander Nelson, seaman James McCarty, seaman William Blake, seaman J. Baxter, seaman Peter Muslane, seaman Thomas Trodd, seaman J. Prewett, seaman Thomas Malcolm, seaman James Peters, seaman Henry Ian, seaman Thomas Sanderson, seaman James Richards, seaman Daniel Gray, seaman Thomas Rice, seaman Robert Appleton, seaman Anthony Sherry, seaman Michael Wilkie, seaman Joseph Fidler, seaman Thomas Graves, seaman Thomas Brochett, seaman Christopher Morley, seaman Joseph Marr, seaman John Clifton, seaman Lawrence Jameson, seaman James McCoy, seaman James Manning, seaman James Foster, seaman | |
123 | 1770 Thos. Allett Seaman Fran. Simon Pompey J. Wood Gab. Powell Thos. Bateman Mattw. Johnson Francis Stoakes Mich. Farrier Seaman Robt. Shepherd Richd. Richardson Jos. Bennett Geo. Hazlewood Henry Roach David Fleming Jo. Collings Thos. Hind Thos. Smith Seaman Matt. Gray James Poole Saml. Leghorn Chris. Curtis Jos. Sedswick Step. Kemp Wm. McGee (Signed) Peter Hoakes Muster Roll of Ship Granby Thos. Smalwood Commandr. Robt. Phillips Chief mate Nathl. Florence 2 do. Henry Benson 3 do. Andw. Pickens 4th do. Peter Woodville 5th do. Hump. Pinkstone Surgeon Robt. Moodie Boatswain Jo. Sinclair Gunr. Will. Boyd Carp. Ant. James Mid. and Coxwn. Andw. Thompson do. David Smith do. Jos. Collett do. Jo. Willson do. Danl. Blackham Danl. Groundwater Ships Stew. Jo. Bell Capt. do. Willm. Herbert Qr. master Jo. Joe do. Terry Handzell do. Jo. McGowen do. Jo. Russell do. Robt. Sheppard do. Robt. Fox Caulker Jo. Young Cooper Thos. Henderson Armourer Will. Jones Sailmaker J. Laidon Butcher Hughes Wilson Capt. Cook Thos. Lawyer Ships do. Jo. Cooper Capt. Taylor Will. Green Surg. mate Will. Grandwells Boats. do. John Wilson do. Robt. Moodie Junr. do. Yeoman Jo. Smith Gunr. mate Jo. Nickles Carp. do. Jo. Hawkins do. Thos. Kennersly Capt. Serv. Jo. Benedate do. Thos. Lambert do. Jo. Robinson do. Will. Budges do. Peter Yewell Seaman Thos. Yeoman Will. Clements Geo. Southolls Edw. Lloyd Jo. Sutton Jos. Wood Will. Gadley Jo. McDougal Richd. Yates | The muster roll of the Nottingham continued with her remaining seamen and closed with the commander's signature. The muster roll of the Granby followed. Thomas Allett, seaman Francis Simon, seaman Pompey, seaman J. Wood, seaman Gabriel Powell, seaman Thomas Bateman, seaman Matthew Johnson, seaman Francis Stokes, seaman Michael Farrier, seaman Robert Shepherd, seaman Richard Richardson, seaman Joseph Bennett, seaman George Hazlewood, seaman Henry Roach, seaman David Fleming, seaman James Collings, seaman Thomas Hind, seaman Thomas Smith, seaman Matthew Gray, seaman James Poole, seaman Samuel Leghorn, seaman Christopher Curtis, seaman Joseph Sedgwick, seaman Stephen Kemp, seaman William McGee, seaman Signed by Peter Stoakes Muster roll of the Granby Thomas Sandwood, commander Robert Phillips, chief mate Nathaniel Hanner, second mate Henry Benson, third mate Andrew Dickens, fourth mate Peter Woodville, fifth mate Henry Pinkstone, surgeon Robert Moodie, boatswain James Sinclair, gunner William Boyd, carpenter Andrew James, midshipman and coxswain Andrew Thompson, midshipman David Smith, midshipman James Collett, midshipman James Wilson, midshipman Daniel Blackham, midshipman Daniel Greenwoodale, ship's steward James Bell, carpenter's mate William Herbert, quartermaster James Joe, quartermaster Terry Handyell, quartermaster James McGowan, quartermaster James Russell, quartermaster Robert Sheppard, quartermaster Robert Fox, caulker James Young, cooper Thomas Henderson, armourer William Jones, sailmaker J. Laidon, butcher Hughes Wilson, captain's cook Thomas Lawyer, ship's cook James Cooper, captain's tailor William Green, surgeon's mate William Granderville, boatswain's mate John Weekes, boatswain's mate Robert Moodie junior, yeoman James Smith, gunner's mate James Nickles, carpenter's mate James Hawkins, carpenter's mate Thomas Hornsby, captain's servant James Bensdaile, captain's servant Thomas Lambert, captain's servant James Robinson, captain's servant William Budges, captain's servant Peter Yewell, seaman Thomas Yeoman, seaman William Clements, seaman George Sedwells, seaman Edward Lloyd, seaman James Sutton, seaman Joseph Wood, seaman William Gadley, seaman James McDougal, seaman Richard Gyles, seaman Interpretations Robert Moodie, the boatswain of the Granby, had a son on board, Robert Moodie junior, who was entered as a yeoman. A yeoman was a petty officer in charge of a particular store, such as the powder room or the boatswain's gear. A boatswain who brought his son aboard and placed him in charge of a store under his own eye was following the common practice of the Company's ships, where trades and berths passed from father to son. The Granby's commander also had five boys entered as his servants. A commander's servants drew pay that he collected himself, and keeping several of them was one of the recognised perquisites of command.
| |
124 | 2nd April Jo. Ross Seaman J. Turnbull Geo. Wilson Will. Butler Thos. Wilson Geo. Clarke Geo. Ridgewell Rand. McDonald Robt. Wilson Robt. Monrow Law. Winstantley J. Coy Thos. Collins Jo. Williams Robt. Williams Nich. Watson Thos. Tear Alex Mosely Seaman Benj. Lawley Robt. Wood Jo. Seabury Franc. Dench Corn. Dyvert Jo. Eller Jo. Walker Thos. Gamble David Scott Henry Songell Danl. Brothers Will. Forbes Geo. Dent Jo. Howard J. Kitchen Will. Parker Seaman Thos. Johnson Jo. Wilson Junr. Jo. Walton Fredk. Green Andrew Johnston Saml. Newman Jo. Murray Franc. Walley Franc. Lemaire Peter Layman Josl. Sanbeck Thomas Allen Jo. Carganner Will Castledine Will Neville M. Yard French Passr. (Signed) T. Smalwood Muster Roll of Ship Speke Jeffy. Jackson Commr. Alex. Tod Chief mate Seber Hall 2 do. Robt. Nicholls 3 do. Will. Jackson 4th do. Alex. Milne 5th do. Will Thompson Surgeon Jo. Thirkell Purser Edw. Cook Boatswain Arch. Boyd Gunner Jo. Hill Carpenter Ant. Tipson Midshipn. Geo. Pitt Geo. Ramsey Lewis Murray Midshipmen Jo. Bell Surgeons mate Mord. Scott Caulker Richd. Barklett do. mate Nich. Harding Sailor Will. Donald Cooper Jos. Dowie do. mate Dav. Lysle Capt. do. John Bicken do. do. R. Reed Gunr. do. Will Ouzey Capt. Stewd. Jo. Richey Ships do. Major Jackson Capt. Cook Peter Peterson Ships do. Will Hatwood Butcher Fran. Furling Arm. Thos. Coulson Poulterer Andw. Saunders Qr. mast. Andw. Dunn do. Geo. Sheppard do. Edw. Walford do. Alex. Magnus do. | The muster roll of the Granby continued with her remaining seamen and a passenger, and closed with the commander's signature. The muster roll of the Speke followed. James Ross, seaman J. Turnbull, seaman George Wilson, seaman William Butler, seaman Thomas Wilson, seaman George Clarke, seaman George Sedgwell, seaman Randal McDonald, seaman Robert Wilson, seaman Robert Monrow, seaman Lawrence Winstanley, seaman J. Coy, seaman Thomas Collins, seaman James Williams, seaman Robert Williams, seaman Nicholas Watson, seaman Thomas Fear, seaman Alexander Mosely, seaman Benjamin Pawley, seaman Robert Wood, seaman James Seabing, seaman Francis Dench, seaman Conrad Dyvert, seaman James Eller, seaman James Walker, seaman Thomas Gamble, seaman David Scott, seaman Henry Tongell, seaman Daniel Brothers, seaman William Foster, seaman George Dent, seaman James Howard, seaman J. Kitchen, seaman William Parker, seaman Thomas Johnson, seaman James Wilson junior, seaman James Walton, seaman Frederick Green, seaman Andrew Johnston, seaman Samuel Newman, seaman James Murray, seaman Francis Valley, seaman Francis Lemare, seaman Peter Layman, seaman Jonas Lanbeck, seaman Francis Allen, seaman James Cargunner, seaman William Castledine, seaman William Neall, seaman Mr Yard, a French passenger Signed by T. Smalwood Muster roll of the Speke Jefferson Jackson, commander Alexander Tod, chief mate Joseph Hall, second mate Robert Nicholls, third mate William Jackson, fourth mate Alexander Milne, fifth mate William Thompson, surgeon James Threlkeld, purser Edward Cook, boatswain Archibald Boyd, gunner James Hill, carpenter Andrew Jepson, midshipman George Pitt, midshipman George Ramsay, midshipman Lewis Murray, midshipman James Bell, surgeon's mate Mordecai Scott, caulker Richard Bartlett, carpenter's second mate Nicholas Harding, sailmaker William Donald, cooper Joseph Dewis, cooper's mate David Lyle, carpenter's mate John Robin, carpenter's mate R. Reed, gunner's mate William Ovezy, captain's steward James Richey, ship's steward Major Jackson, captain's cook Peter Peterson, ship's cook William Hatwood, butcher Francis Furlong, armourer Thomas Coulson, poulterer Andrew Saunders, quartermaster Andrew Dunn, quartermaster George Sheppard, quartermaster Edward Walford, quartermaster Alexander Magnus, quartermaster Interpretations The Granby carried Mr Yard, a French passenger, home to England. The Duc de Praslin had sailed for Port L'Orient on 30 March, the day after the Granby arrived. A Frenchman travelling in an English Indiaman rather than in his own country's ship may have been a merchant or agent with business in London, or a man who had served in the English settlements in India. The Council noted his nationality on the muster roll, and with a French ship in the road it would have known exactly which Frenchmen were leaving the island and by what route. | |
125 | 1770 Jo. Carr Qr. master J. Stevenson Boats. mate Geo. Long Seaman Morgan David John Agnew Thos. Jennings Colin Stewart Will. Cambridge John Holmes Edw. Richardson John White John Cammard James Kennedy Saml. Wood Henry Ringing Jos. Ingham Robt. Miles David Patterson Magnet Wilson Thos. Brown Luc. McNamara John Evans Step. Ludlow John Smith Geo. Towns Seaman Andw. Mathewson Wm. Dezmond Jos. Petty Jo. Cator John Brace John Bell Thos. Smith Thos. Roach Geo. Atkinson Thos. Skinner J. McKenzie Will. Kirk Will. Mortlake Will. Drake Mark Day Samuel Bulfey Richd. Husband Will. Watkins Thos. Reed Will Russell Andrew Lamelle John Archer Isaac Bloom Seaman Hump. Ivey Christ. Jameson Thos. Anderson Benj. Peddiman Thos. Kinsman Robt. Dunn Richd. Neale Will Peter Will Collis J. Garret Edward Lewis John Ward Alex. Craig John Watson John Dore Thos. Cole John Hart Duncan McFarlen John Sedgwick Robt. Bruce James Finley John Stewart John Poller (Signed) Jeffy. Jackson Muster Roll of Ship Pigot Geo. Richardson Commr. Thos. Eden Chief mate John Hall 2 do. Thos. Brickell 3 do. Ch. Richardson 4th Mate Adam Little John 5th do. Ch. Watson Purser And. Carnegy Surgeon Robt. May Carpenter Danl. Cooper Gunner Henry Bowman Boats. Barnaby Dunn Ships Stewd. | The muster roll of the Speke continued with her remaining crew and closed with the commander's signature. The muster roll of the Pigot followed. James Carr, quartermaster J. Stevenson, boatswain's mate George Long, seaman Morgan David, seaman John Agnew, seaman Thomas Jennings, seaman Colin Stewart, seaman William Cambridge, seaman John Holmes, seaman Edward Richardson, seaman John White, seaman John Carnaird, seaman James Kennedy, seaman Samuel Wood, seaman Henry Ringing, seaman Joseph Ingham, seaman Robert Miles, seaman David Patterson, seaman Magnus Wilson, seaman Thomas Brown, seaman Lawrence McNamara, seaman John Evans, seaman Stephen Ludlow, seaman John Smith, seaman George Towns, seaman Andrew Matthewson, seaman William Dezmona, seaman Joseph Eddy, seaman James Calor, seaman John Brace, seaman John Bell, seaman Thomas Smith, seaman Thomas Roach, seaman George Atkinson, seaman Thomas Skinner, seaman J. McKenzie, seaman William Kirk, seaman William Mortlake, seaman William Drake, seaman Mark Day, seaman Samuel Bulpy, seaman Richard Husband, seaman William Watkins, seaman Thomas Read, seaman William Russell, seaman Andrew Farrell, seaman John Archer, seaman Lewis Bloom, seaman Humphrey Pievy, seaman Christopher Jameson, seaman Thomas Anderson, seaman Benjamin Pickman, seaman Thomas Shearman, seaman Robert Dunn, seaman Richard Neale, seaman William Porter, seaman William Collis, seaman J. Garret, seaman Edward Lewis, seaman John Ward, seaman Alexander Craig, seaman John Watson, seaman John Dobie, seaman Thomas Cole, seaman John Hart, seaman Duncan McFarlan, seaman John Sedgwick, seaman Robert Bruce, seaman James Finly, seaman John Mowat, seaman John Poder, seaman Signed by Jefferson Jackson Muster roll of the Pigot George Richardson, commander Thomas Eden, chief mate John Hall, second mate Thomas Burkett, third mate Charles Richardson, fourth mate Adam Littlejohn, fifth mate Charles Watson, purser Andrew Caunerys, surgeon Robert May, carpenter Daniel Cooper, gunner Henry Bowman, boatswain Barnaby Dunn, ship's steward Interpretations Charles Richardson served as fourth mate under George Richardson, the commander of the Pigot. He was almost certainly the commander's son or nephew. A commander who placed a kinsman among his mates gave him a share of the private trade allowed to officers and trained him for a command of his own. Places on Indiamen ran in families, as the Wozencrafts of the Glatton, the Moodies of the Granby and the Doveton commander of the Glatton had already shown that season. | |
126 | 2nd April Will Kerr Capt. Steward Arch. Bills Mid. and Coxn. Fra. Anstruther do. Will. Mudmick do. Will Ackroft do. Geo. Fellows Qr. master Andw. Thompson do. Arch. Mannton do. Robt. Selford do. Chris. Reed Cooper J. Crook do. Mate Jo. White Caulker Saml. Collins do. Mate Jos. Sayer Armourer Robt. Cornforth Capt. Cook Will Keyley do. Alex Hutchins Boat. do. Jo. Steede do. Alex. Murray Gunr. do. Jo. Hill Ships Cook Robt. Boyne Capt. Serv. Henry Wellwood do. Dav. Morgan Chief Mt. do. Noble Rogers 2 do. do. Will Finch Gunr. Boy Robt. May Carp. do. Henry Palmer Boat. do. Will Adams Surg. do. Fox Baldry Butcher Will Donnavan Poulterer Peter Gow Seaman Thos. Hill Will. Showell Mark Bentley Saml. Ford Ed. Pocock Edw. Cutter Will Philips Geo. Marr Henry Newland Thos. Lamb Jo. Edwards Dan. Cambell Peter Collins Jo. Rice Franc. Burke Will Forbes Will. Marshall J. May Simp. Gause J. Fenley Alex Macknight Vincent Lacett Jo. Cave Jo. Martin J. Duncan David Fotheringham Will Needham Paul Woolston Danl. Lyon Seaman Geo. Cowe Will Davis Will Sable Robt. Barry Thos. Nicholson Jo. Lowe Jo. Allen Thos. Brothers Jo. Lilley Clem. Medrice Alex Steward Will Ward Jo. Kerr J. Drummond Jo. Caflamo Jos. Marsenes Matt. Anthony Peter Pritchard Thos. Roper Nich. Godfrey Thos. Dundie Jo. Brown Fredk. Sedaman Godf. Friend Peter Paterson Adam Dalseman Geo. Tangene Jos. Hope (Signed) Geo. Richardson Lieut. Thos. Bazett this day presented the following Letter viz. | The muster roll of the Pigot continued with her remaining crew and closed with the commander's signature. Lieutenant Thomas Bazett then presented a letter to the Council. William Fiser, captain's steward Anthony Bills, midshipman and coxswain Francis Anstruther, midshipman William Medenick, midshipman William Ackers, midshipman George Fellows, quartermaster Andrew Thompson, quartermaster Archibald Maunten, quartermaster Robert Telford, quartermaster Christopher Reed, cooper J. Crook, cooper's mate James White, caulker Samuel Collins, caulker's mate Joseph Sager, armourer Robert Cornforth, captain's servant William Keyley, captain's servant Alexander Hutchins, boatswain's servant James Steede, boatswain's servant Alexander Murray, gunner's servant James Hall, ship's cook Robert Boyne, captain's servant Henry Wellwood, captain's servant David Morgan, boatswain's first mate Noble Rogers, boatswain's second mate William Finch, gunner's boy Robert May, carpenter's servant Henry Palmer, boatswain's servant William Adams, surgeon's servant Fox Baldry, butcher William Dunnavan, poulterer Peter Gow, seaman Thomas Hill, seaman William Showell, seaman Mark Bentley, seaman Lawrence Ford, seaman Ebenezer Pearch, seaman Edward Cutler, seaman William Philips, seaman George Mann, seaman Henry Newland, seaman Thomas Lamb, seaman James Edwards, seaman Daniel Cambell, seaman Peter Collins, seaman James Rice, seaman Francis Burke, seaman William Forbes, seaman William Marshall, seaman J. May, seaman Simpson Gauvo, seaman J. Finley, seaman Alexander Macknight, seaman Vincent Lacell, seaman James Cavie, seaman James Martin, seaman J. Duncan, seaman David Fotheringham, seaman William Needham, seaman Paul Woolston, seaman Daniel Logan, seaman George Cowie, seaman William Davie, seaman William Siddle, seaman Robert Barry, seaman Thomas Nicholson, seaman James Lowe, seaman James Allen, seaman Thomas Brothers, seaman James Lilley, seaman Clement Medrue, seaman Alexander Steward, seaman William Ward, seaman James Kerr, seaman J. Drummond, seaman James Caflame, seaman Joseph Marfines, seaman Matthew Anthony, seaman Peter Richardson, seaman Thomas Proper, seaman Nicholas Godfrey, seaman Thomas Dandie, seaman James Brown, seaman Frederick Ledaman, seaman Godfrey Friend, seaman Peter Paterson, seaman Adam Dahleman, seaman George Tangan, seaman Joseph Hope, seaman Signed by George Richardson | |
127 | 1770 To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor etc. Council of the Island St. Helena Gentlemen I have the Honour to acquaint you that the Workmen the last Quarter were principally employed at Mundens Point and at the Demi Bastion in James's Valley the former is finished as far as I could go on, the reason why it was not compleated, I gave in a former Letter, the latter is compleated excepting the Platforms for the Cannon, preparing Materials at Lemon Valley according to an order I received to compleat that Battery, repairing several of the Honble. Company's Buildings, getting stone at the Quarry for the Interior Line and West Bastion in James's Valley and building a Lime House I do propose Gentlemen with your permission the Ensuing Quarter to employ as many of the Workmen at Lemon Valley as will be necessary, and the remainder of them to carry Earth to Mundens Point, and continue getting stone at the Quarry I have the Honour to be Gentlemen Your most Obt. and most humble Servant (Signed) St. Helena 2 April 1770 Thos. Bazett As we cannot compleat the Battery at Mundens Point neither the Demi Bastion in James's Valley for want of Platform Stones we directed him to pursue the necessary Work of walling up Lemon Valley agreeable to the Resolution taken in Consultation of the 12th February last, and on the Arrival of the store Ship to continue that work jointly with finishing the two former | Bazett's letter, dated at St Helena on 2 April 1770 and addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council, reported on the past quarter's work. The workmen had been employed mainly at Munden's Point and at the demi-bastion in James's Valley. The battery at Munden's Point was finished as far as he could take it, for reasons he had given in an earlier letter. The demi-bastion was complete except for the gun platforms. The men had also prepared materials at Lemon Valley under the order to complete that battery. They had repaired several of the Company's buildings, quarried stone for the interior line and the west bastion in James's Valley, and built a lime house. With the Council's leave, he proposed in the coming quarter to put as many men as were needed to work at Lemon Valley. The rest would carry earth to Munden's Point and go on quarrying stone. The Council could not complete either the battery at Munden's Point or the demi-bastion in James's Valley for want of stone for the platforms. It therefore ordered Bazett to press on with walling up Lemon Valley, in line with its resolution of 12 February 1770. When the store ship arrived, he was to carry on that work alongside finishing the other two. Interpretations The two most important works on the island stood unfinished for want of a single material, the large flat stones on which the guns were mounted. A gun platform had to be laid with heavy, even slabs that would bear the weight and recoil of a gun without cracking, and St Helena's crumbling volcanic rock seldom yielded them. The Council had to wait for platform stone from the store ship, probably Portland or other English stone shipped out as ballast. Rather than leave the workmen idle, it turned them to the Lemon Valley walls. That was the very work it had set aside in February as something to fill in when materials ran short. The lime house that Bazett built was a kiln and store for making lime from stone or shell. With coal scarce and the lime account showing burners at work through the autumn, the Council evidently meant to burn its own lime on the spot rather than wait for supplies. | |
128 | 2nd April John Tucker Private, and George Charriott Drummer, this day petitioned for their Discharges from the Garrison, having served the Honble. Company their contracted times Granted Captn. Smalwood brought from the Cape on Acct. of the Honble. Company six Black Cattle and twenty five Sheep as p the following Bill for the Payment whereof, we have given him Certificates The Honble. Company Dr. To Captn. Smalwood To 6 Bullocks at £ 4 £ 24 To 25 Sheep at 13/ 16 5 £ 40 5 Received the above for Capt. Smalwood Fleming Pinkstan Bought on Account of the Honble. Company of Captain Smalwood one hundred and twenty four Pieces of Salt Meat, at two shillings p Piece, amounting to twelve pounds eight shillings We this day Granted the following sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors viz. | John Tucker, a private, and George Chariott, a drummer, petitioned that day for their discharge from the garrison, having served out the terms of their engagement. The Council granted it. Captain Smalwood of the Granby had brought six cattle and 25 sheep from the Cape on the Company's account. The Council gave certificates for payment, and the account read as follows. The Company, debtor to Captain Smalwood 6 bullocks at £4 each, £24 0s 0d 25 sheep at 13s each, £16 5s 0d Total, £40 5s 0d Received for Captain Smalwood by Fleming Pinkstan The Council also bought 124 pieces of salt meat from Captain Smalwood on the Company's account, at 2s a piece, coming to £12 8s 0d. That day the Council issued the following sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors. Interpretations Captain Smalwood charged £4 for each bullock and 13s for each sheep, prices fixed in sterling. A month earlier, Captain Tryon had paid 12 rixdollars for each beast and 2 rixdollars for each sheep at the Cape, with the cost shown in Cape money. Smalwood's sheep cost almost as much as Captain Scott's ewes at 14s, against 15s from Captain Ross. The commanders were evidently buying stock at the Cape and selling it to the Company at St Helena at a profit, as part of the private trade their posts allowed. In about two months the Company had taken in 18 cattle and 137 sheep from four ships. It was the fullest restocking of the island's herds on record, and it supported the Council's plan of October 1769 to issue fresh meat to the garrison. | |
129 | 1770 One set to Daniel Corneille Esqr. for five hundred and ninety nine pounds, ten shillings, payable to John Lewin Smith Esqr. (or Order) Two sets to Mr. Matthew Purling, one for two hundred and twenty six pounds five shillings, payable to Capt. Fasham Nairne, And the other for one thousand pounds payable to John Purling Esqr. (or Order) And one set to John Barnes a discharged Soldier for twenty pounds payable to himself (or Order) all drawn at Ninety days sight John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | The bills of exchange issued that day, all drawn on the Court of Directors at 90 days' sight, were as follows. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. 1 set to Daniel Corneille, payable to John Lewin Smith or his order, £599 10s 0d 1 set to Matthew Purling, payable to Captain Fasham Nairne or his order, £226 5s 0d 1 set to Matthew Purling, payable to John Purling or his order, £1,000 0s 0d 1 set to John Barnes, a discharged soldier, payable to himself or his order, £20 0s 0d Interpretations Matthew Purling remitted £1,226 5s 0d in a single day, £1,000 of it to John Purling, his agent in London. In September 1769 he had sent £400 to the same man. Purling's Council salary and allowances came to £80 a quarter. The rest of the money came from his other sources of income: his share of the arrack society, the hire of his slaves to the Company's works, rents from over 300 acres and the purchases he could make at the servants' rate of 10 per cent. Daniel Corneille sent £599 10s 0d to John Lewin Smith, the passenger who had sailed home in the Ponsborne in January, evidently acting as his agent. The members of Council approved each other's bills at the same table where the Company's treasury stood at under £10,000 in coin. John Barnes, a private discharged on 26 March 1770 after his five years, sent £20 home by bill payable to himself. A private's pay was about £15 a year. Barnes had saved more than a year's wages from pay, extra labour on the works and perhaps a share in the trades that soldiers carried on in James Town. He used the same channel as the Lieutenant Governor to carry it safely to England. | |
130 | 6th April At a Consultation held on Friday the 6th day of April 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 2 April 1770 Monday the 2 Arrived a Swede Ship from China called the Riksens Ständer Capt. Habbuck burthen about thirteen hundred Tons, carrys thirty two Guns and one hundred and forty Men loaden with Tea China Ware and Silk bound to Gottenburg Wednesday the 4th Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Granby for England Yesterday Arrived the Tritons Boat at Banks's half an hour past nine o'Clock in the Morning do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Triton from China (last from the Cape) Mr. Matthew Purling reports that he has been on board the Ships Hector and Ravensworth to muster their Companys and enquire for deserters but found none, their Muster Rolls are as follow viz. Muster Roll of Ship Hector Step. Williams Commr. Robt. Morgan Chief mate Geo. Robinson 2 do. Robt. Ross 3 do. Jo. Waddell 4th do. Will Terrell 5th do. Robt. J. Pride Purser David Hunter Surgeon Hugh Douglas Gunner Matt. Dutton Carp. Wm. Parsons Boatswain J. Ackman Ships Stew. Jo. Johnson Capt. do. Jo. Williams Mid. and Coxn. Jo. Reynolds do. Robt. Miller do. Thos. Saunders Midshipman Robt. Sailyour do. Will. Christon Qr. master Jos. Thomson do. Geo. Mowatt do. Simon French do. J. Lawson do. Jo. Moncrief Cooper | The Council met at the Castle on Friday 6 April 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 2 April 1770 were read, approved and signed. On Monday 2 April 1770, a Swedish ship from China arrived, the Rickenshender, under Captain Hablutz. She was of about 1,300 tons, carried 32 guns and 140 men, and was laden with tea, china and silk for Gothenburg. The Company's ship Granby sailed for England on Wednesday 4 April. At half past nine on the morning of 5 April, a boat from the Triton came in at Banks's. The Company's ship Triton arrived the same day from China, having called last at the Cape. Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Hector and the Havannah to muster their crews and search for deserters. He found none. Their muster rolls read as follows, beginning with that of the Hector. Stephen Williams, commander Robert Morgan, chief mate George Robertson, second mate Robert Ross, third mate James Waddell, fourth mate William Ferrell, fifth mate Robert J. Pridie, purser David Hunter, surgeon Hugh Douglas, gunner Matthew Dutton, carpenter William Parsons, boatswain J. Ackerman, ship's steward James Johnson, captain's steward James Williams, midshipman and coxswain James Reynolds, midshipman Robert Miller, midshipman Thomas Saunders, midshipman Robert Selfour, midshipman William Christon, quartermaster Francis Thomson, quartermaster George Mewatt, quartermaster Simon French, quartermaster J. Lawson, quartermaster James Moncrief, cooper Interpretations The Swedish ship carried 32 guns, more than any Indiaman in the road and as many as a small frigate. Swedish East India ships sailed without the protection of a navy in eastern waters, so they armed themselves heavily against pirates and against the risk of being seized in a war between larger powers. She was the second Swedish ship from Canton in three weeks, after the Adolph Frederick in March, and like her she was bound for Gothenburg with tea. Much of that tea was later smuggled into Britain, where the duty made Swedish tea cheaper than the Company's own. The Council welcomed the ship, but each such call passed through St Helena a share of the trade that was undercutting the Company at home. | |
131 | 1770 Will Wainbright Caulker Thos. Guilderlise Sailmaker Ralph Renold Armourer Jo. Dwan Capt. Cook J. Days Ships do. Thos. Martin Butcher Jo. Robinson Carp. 1 mate Jo. Ackman do. 2 do. J. Beach Caulkers do. Robt. Ferguson Coopers do. Alex Dixge Gunr. do. Richd. Jones Boat. do. Geo. Barber Seaman Thos. Collins J. Sinclair David Huggins Fra. Malcolm J. Ramsey Will Page Edw. Miller Geo. Gardener Will Evans Isaac Cranfield J. Dunbar J. Mallet Robt. Ness Henry Jewis Seaman Jos. Siblett Anth. Siblett Lewis Jones Ja. Buggs Jo. Spence J. Doults Will Perry Moses Tod Edw. Berry Jo. White Will Duing Jo. Hewitt Lionel Pigotty Mich. Richardson Will. Mored Jo. Bebbs Thos. Rolfe Jo. Brooks Fra. Major Geo. Hymns Jos. Hughes Jo. Jackson Robt. Pegt Will Dawson Jo. Morris Seaman Jo. Brown Henry Sudfe Jo. Mears Benj. Buckley J. Crow Peter Alexander J. Williamson J. Hewett Jo. Kendall Richd. Greaves Jas. Vanderbrook Thos. Roden Robt. Hughes Robt. Lyons Thos. Chaven Jo. Brown Jo. Fenney Jo. McKemet Jo. Carter Will. Hayden Jo. Gow Isaac Hoggflesh Robt. Lockout David Backward Peter Johnson (Signed) Stephen Williams Muster Roll of Ship Havannah John White Commander Geo. Forbes Chief mate Saml. Webb 2 mate Ambrose Wareham 3 do. Wm. Ransom 4th mate Jo. Whiteway 5th do. | The muster roll of the Hector continued with her remaining crew and closed with the commander's signature. The muster roll of the Havannah followed. William Wainbright, caulker Thomas Guilderlese, sailmaker Ralph Renoid, armourer James Dewan, captain's cook J. Days, ship's cook Thomas Martin, butcher James Robinson, carpenter's first mate James Ackman, carpenter's second mate J. Beach, caulker's mate Robert Ferguson, cooper's mate Alexander Dirge, gunner's mate Richard Jones, boatswain's mate George Barber, seaman Thomas Collins, seaman J. Sinclair, seaman David Huggins, seaman Francis Maladen, seaman J. Ramny, seaman William Page, seaman Edward Miller, seaman George Gardener, seaman William Evans, seaman Isaac Canfield, seaman J. Dunbar, seaman J. Mallet, seaman Robert Ness, seaman Henry Jones, seaman Joseph Tibbett, seaman Anthony Tibbett, seaman Lionel Jones, seaman James Briggs, seaman James Spence, seaman J. Dovelt, seaman William Perry, seaman Moses Ied, seaman Edward Berry, seaman James White, seaman William Dring, seaman James Hewitt, seaman Lionel Pogaty, seaman Michael Richardson, seaman William Mowed, seaman James Bebbe, seaman Thomas Rolfe, seaman James Brooks, seaman Francis Major, seaman George Hymns, seaman Thomas Hughes, seaman James Jackson, seaman Robert Pigot, seaman William Dawson, seaman James Morris, seaman James Brown, seaman Henry Sneltse, seaman James Mears, seaman Benjamin Buckley, seaman J. Crow, seaman Peter Alexander, seaman J. Williamson, seaman J. Hewett, seaman James Kendall, seaman Richard Grewer, seaman James Vanderbrook, seaman Thomas Rosden, seaman Peter Hughes, seaman Peter Joyns, seaman Thomas Chown, seaman James Brown, seaman James Toney, seaman James Mohimet, seaman James Carter, seaman William Hayden, seaman James Gow, seaman Isaac Hopflesh, seaman Robert Leshent, seaman David Backward, seaman Peter Johnson, seaman Signed by Stephen Williams Muster roll of the Havannah John White, commander George Forbes, chief mate Samuel Welsh, second mate Ambrose Wareham, third mate William Ransom, fourth mate James Whiteway, fifth mate | |
132 | 6th April Ch. Gordon 6th Mate Lew. Bolton Jo. Hobson Purser Fred. Vandinoot Surgeon Fred. Cannele do. mate C. Fergusson Coxwain Edw. Bland Midshipman C. White do. Jo. Cobley do. Will Sander do. Jo. Brice do. David Seaton do. Henry Ross do. Will Beason Boatswain Jo. Power Gunner Alex. Roach Ships Stew. Jo. Henderson Qr. mast. J. Herald do. J. Naughty do. Will. Coley do. Jos. Howard Capt. Stew. Thos. Lyell Caulker Will. Robertson Cooper Jo. Hallet Sailmaker Derrick Larsen Gunr. mt. J. Thompson Carp. 1 do. Thos. Hardwell do. 2 do. Thos. Fowler Armourer Thos. Selion Caulk. Mate J. Smith Coopers do. J. Whitty Joiner Richd. Kitty Baker Will. Shaw Taylor David Marshall Barber Thos. Johnson Butcher Will. Hutchinson Poulterer Will Saunders Ships Cook Will. Wall Boats. 1 mate Richd. Ashby do. 2 do. J. Cameron Seaman John Davis Edw. Davis David Smart John Chambers J. Biddle Jo. Gate Thos. Tate Jos. Wood Robt. Grauger C. Anderson Jas. Brown Robt. Sutton Jo. Connel Neal Cambel Geo. Taylor Will. How Jo. Johnson J. Thompson J. Dawson Edw. Ogan Jo. Allen J. Taylor Danl. Whyte J. Gaffe J. Horncastle Saml. Clark Seaman Will. Mitchell Bart. Collins Jo. Spence Jo. Hart Peter Friday Jo. Darling Geo. Nicholson Fra. London Jo. Petrie David Reed Hugh Craigy Alex. Montgomery Will. Barrow Thos. Newton Neal Macklean J. Pavett Jo. Hawkins Edw. Kerr Jo. Pile Geo. Bentley Thos. Francis Danl. Deal Will. Harriott Will Gardner Thos. Holden J. Bowden Edw. Ogan Jo. Lene Jo. Dorrow Jo. Williams Geo. Robertson Saml. Hedges William Ross Super Cargoe (Signed) John White | The muster roll of the Havannah continued with her remaining crew and her passenger, and closed with the commander's signature. Charles Gardner, sixth mate Leonard Bolton James Hobson, purser Frederick Vandernuest, surgeon Frederick Cannicle, surgeon's mate C. Fergusson, coxswain Edward Bland, midshipman C. White, midshipman James Cobley, midshipman William Sander, midshipman James Bruce, midshipman David Seaton, midshipman Henry Ross, midshipman William Beavan, boatswain James Power, gunner Alexander Roach, ship's steward James Henderson, quartermaster J. Herald, quartermaster J. Naughtly, quartermaster William Coley, quartermaster Joseph Howard, captain's steward Thomas Lyall, caulker William Robertson, cooper James Hallet, sailmaker Derrick Larguen, gunner's mate J. Thompson, carpenter's first mate Thomas Hardwell, carpenter's second mate Thomas Forder, armourer Thomas Pelew, caulker's mate J. Smith, cooper's mate J. Whitby, joiner Richard Fishly, baker William Shaw, tailor David Marshall, barber Thomas Johnson, butcher William Hutchinson, poulterer William Saunderson, ship's cook William Wall, boatswain's mate Richard Ashby, boatswain's second mate J. Cameron, seaman John Davis, seaman Edward Davis, seaman David Smart, seaman John Chambers, seaman J. Biddle, seaman James Gate, seaman Thomas Gate, seaman Joseph Wood, seaman Robert Guagin, seaman C. Anderson, seaman Jacob Brown, seaman Robert Stelter, seaman James Connel, seaman Neal Cambel, seaman George Taylor, seaman William How, seaman James Johnson, seaman J. Thompson, seaman J. Dawson, seaman Edward Ogan, seaman James Allen, seaman J. Taylor, seaman Daniel Whyte, seaman J. Gaffe, seaman J. Horncastle, seaman Samuel Clark, seaman William Mitchell, seaman Bartholomew Collins, seaman James Spence, seaman James Hart, seaman Peter Friday, seaman James Darling, seaman George Nicholson, seaman Francis Sindon, seaman James Petrie, seaman David Reed, seaman Hugh Cragy, seaman Alexander Montgomery, seaman William Barrow, seaman Thomas Newton, seaman Neal Macklaen, seaman J. Pavell, seaman James Hawkins, seaman Edward Kerr, seaman James Pile, seaman George Bentley, seaman Thomas Francis, seaman Daniel Deal, seaman William Harriott, seaman William Gardner, seaman Thomas Holden, seaman J. Bowden, seaman Edward Ogan, seaman James Lane, seaman James Derrow, seaman James Williams, seaman George Robertson, seaman Samuel Hedges, seaman Passenger William Rous, supercargo Signed by John White Interpretations William Rous travelled home in the Havannah as her only passenger. He was one of the twelve supercargoes whose signatures stood on the Canton invoices of the season's tea, china and sugar landed at St Helena. A supercargo's work at Canton ended once the ships were loaded. Each season some of them went home with the fleet, carrying the Canton accounts and their own large earnings from private trade. A supercargo returning to London could brief the Directors at first hand on the state of the China trade, the very trade whose sugar and porcelain had filled the island's stores that spring. Peter Friday, one of the seamen, bore a weekday as his surname. Such names were often given to Africans or Asians taken into English service without a family name the purser could record, sometimes after the day on which they came aboard. | |
133 | 1770 Bought on Account of the Honble. Company the following Salt Provision viz. From Capt. Stoakes 546 Ps. of Salt Meat at 2/ p Ps. amount to £ 54 12 do. Capt. Jackson 688 Ps. do. do. 2/ p Ps. do. 68 16 And do. Capt. White 1115 Ps. do. do. 2/ p Ps. do. 111 10 £ 234 18 We have paid Capt. Stoakes in Money, and have given Captains Jackson and White, Certificates on the Honble. Company for the above Sums We this day Enlisted Nicholas Godfrey from Ship Pigot to serve the Honble. Company as a Soldier for five Years, and gave him Six pounds Bounty Money to buy him Cloaths etc. Capt. Jeffery Jackson this day applied to Us, to pay seven hundred pounds into the Honble. Company's Cash, which Sum we have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors, payable to himself (or Order) ninety days after sight John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | The Council bought the following salt provisions on the Company's account. From Captain Stoakes, 546 pieces of salt meat at 2s a piece, £54 12s 0d From Captain Jackson, 688 pieces of salt meat at 2s a piece, £68 16s 0d From Captain White, 1,115 pieces of salt meat at 2s a piece, £111 10s 0d Total, £234 18s 0d The Council paid Captain Stoakes in cash and gave Captains Jackson and White certificates on the Company for their sums. That day the Council enlisted Nicholas Godfrey, from the Pigot, to serve the Company as a soldier for five years, and gave him a bounty of £6 to buy clothing and other necessities. Captain Jeffery Jackson applied that day to pay £700 into the Company's treasury. The Council accepted the money and gave him bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to himself or his order at 90 days' sight. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the minutes. Interpretations The Council paid Captain Stoakes in coin but gave Captains Jackson and White certificates on the Company in London. A certificate was a promise that the Company would pay the sum at home, much like a bill of exchange, and it cost the island nothing in ready money. In the same sitting, Captain Jackson paid £700 into the treasury for a bill to himself. He was selling salt meat to the Company on a certificate and handing over his own silver for a bill. Commanders preferred to carry their profits home on paper, while the Council welcomed their coin, because the treasury needed silver to pay the garrison. By paying in certificates and taking in cash, the Council kept its coin while still buying the salt meat it needed. Nicholas Godfrey had been a seaman in the Pigot and left her to enlist. A sailor who had reached St Helena from Canton faced several more months at sea before he was paid off in London. A five-year engagement, a £6 bounty and a soldier's daily pay on the island were a fair alternative. The commander had to agree to lose him, and the Council's minute shows that he was released from the ship in the proper way, not taken as a deserter. | |
134 | 9th April At a Consultation held on Monday the 9th day of April 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 6th April 1770 Friday the 6th Sailed the Swede Ship Riksens Ständer for Gottenburg Saturday the 7th do. the Honble. Company's Ships Pigot, Hector, Nottingham and Speke for England Yesterday do. the Honble. Company's Ship Havannah for England The Triton brought Us the following supplies viz. Invoice of Ship Triton No. 20 20 Chests of Sugar viz. 1 25 289 2 27 292 3 28 290 4 27 289 5 27 288 6 27 288 7 27 289 8 25 290 9 27 291 10 29 293 11 26 288 12 27 289 13 26 288 14 31 289 15 28 290 16 25 289 17 25 288 18 27 289 19 25 287 20 25 286 526 Tare Gross 5782 526 5256 lb Pecul 39.42 at Ts. 4.5 Tals. 177 3 9 Errors Excepted (Signed) Will. Bruce Thos. Bevan Will. Harrison Mattw. Raper Junr. John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw Henry Revell Hillary Torriano Stepn. De Visme Fra. Wood Junr. Benj. Lorin Edw. Phipps | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 9 April 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling attended. The minutes of the meeting of 6 April 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Swedish ship Rickenshender sailed for Gothenburg on Friday 6 April 1770. The Company's ships Pigot, Hector, Nottingham and Speke sailed for England on Saturday 7 April, and the Havannah on 8 April. The Triton brought the following supplies for the island. 20 chests of sugar Chest number 1, tare 23 pounds, gross 289 pounds Chest number 2, tare 27 pounds, gross 292 pounds Chest number 3, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 4, tare 27 pounds, gross 289 pounds Chest number 5, tare 27 pounds, gross 288 pounds Chest number 6, tare 27 pounds, gross 288 pounds Chest number 7, tare 27 pounds, gross 289 pounds Chest number 8, tare 25 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 9, tare 27 pounds, gross 291 pounds Chest number 10, tare 29 pounds, gross 293 pounds Chest number 11, tare 26 pounds, gross 288 pounds Chest number 12, tare 27 pounds, gross 289 pounds Chest number 13, tare 26 pounds, gross 288 pounds Chest number 14, tare 31 pounds, gross 289 pounds Chest number 15, tare 28 pounds, gross 290 pounds Chest number 16, tare 25 pounds, gross 289 pounds Chest number 17, tare 23 pounds, gross 288 pounds Chest number 18, tare 27 pounds, gross 289 pounds Chest number 19, tare 23 pounds, gross 287 pounds Chest number 20, tare 25 pounds, gross 286 pounds Total gross weight, 5,782 pounds Total tare, 526 pounds Net weight, 5,256 pounds, or 39.42 piculs, at 4 taels 5 mace a picul, 177 taels 3 mace 9 candareens 0 cash Errors excepted Signed by William Rous, Thomas Bevan, W. Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, Henry Revell, Hillary Torriano, Stephen De Vismes, Francis Wood junior, Benjamin Torin and Edward Phipps Interpretations The Triton carried sugar chests 1 to 20, completing the sugar series that the Speke had continued with chests 21 to 40. With the 59 chests of candy landed from four other ships, St Helena's order from Canton for the 1769 season came to some 12 tons of sugar and candy, spread across seven Indiamen. The last of them arrived just as five Company ships and a Swedish one cleared the road between 6 and 8 April. The island's peak shipping season had brought the whole year's supply of eastern sweetening in less than three months. | |
135 | 1770 Mr. Matthew Purling reports that he has been on board the Ship Triton, to Muster her Company and enquire for deserters, but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows viz. Muster Roll of Ship Triton Will Elphinston Commr. Jo. Parslow Chief mate Jos. Merrington 2 do. Thos. Lloyd 3 do. Hen. Willson 4 do. Honble. John Cochrane 5 do. Saml. Gordon 6 do. Robt. Simpson Surgeon Alex. McNeil Purser Jo. Simpson Boatn. Thos. Stephenson Gunner J. Simpson Carpenter Robt. Bruce Mids. and Coxswain W. Mars do. Geo. Crichton do. John Monkeath do. Robt. Willson Surgeons mate Jo. Cross Capt. Steward Jo. Watkins Ships do. Christ. Mackennity Capt. Cook Robt. Collingsby Ships do. Ambrose Corby John West Boats. mates Thos. Shaw Caulker Fra. Willis Cooper J. Morton Armourer Jo. Wareham Sailmaker Will. Jobling Alex. Begg Carp. mates John Dennis Poulterer John Bond Gunr. mate Jo. Ralph Capt. Servt. Will Horne Capt. Serv. Jo. Fairclath 1 mate do. Peter Fairclath 2 do. do. Wm. Evans Surgeons do. Isaac Owens Gunr. do. Thos. Willson Boats. do. Isaac Henry Wey Carp. do. J. Gray Qr. master Will. Lowe do. Will. Rule do. John Willson do. Will. Furnis Seaman Geo. Gordon Ja. Walker Jos. Gibson Jo. Walker Thos. Bond Wm. Mackie Thos. Bridge Norman McLeod John Graham John Lawrence Thos. Geldney Thos. Taylor Will. Anderson Robt. Atkinson Ja. Gardener Danl. Hayes J. Robinson John Dawson David Anderson Will. Godney Danl. Robinson Seaman Jo. Thompson Jo. Williams Jo. Bowen Peter Gardner Jo. Flemming Jo. Ross Alex Mitchell Thos. Doring Richd. Rummy John Oakland John Mason Richd. Brown Arch. Beard Humph. Robinson John Coffee Thos. Wetherly Edw. Cass John Angus James Gordon David Bellberry Will. Mundy Robt. Thomson Geo. Hall Thos. Howard Robt. Gass John Fraser John Baxter Roger McDonald Will Paterson Thos. Jackson Thos. Leonard | Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Triton to muster her crew and search for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll read as follows. William Elphinstone, commander James Parslow, chief mate James Merrington, second mate Thomas Lloyd, third mate Henry Wilson, fourth mate The Honourable John Cochrane, fifth mate James Gordon, sixth mate Robert Simpson, surgeon Alexander McNeil, purser James Simpson, boatswain Thomas Stephenson, gunner J. Simpson, carpenter Robert Bruce, midshipman and coxswain W. Mars, midshipman George Crichton, midshipman John Monkeith, midshipman Robert Wilson, surgeon's mate James Cruse, captain's steward James Withers, ship's steward Christopher Mackennity, captain's cook Robert Collingsby, ship's cook Ambrose Corley, boatswain's mate John West, boatswain's mate Thomas Shaw, caulker Francis Willis, cooper J. Merton, armourer James Wareham, sailmaker William Jobling, carpenter's mate Alexander Briggs, carpenter's mate John Dennis, poulterer John Bond, gunner's mate James Ralph, captain's servant William Horne, captain's servant James Fairclath, chief mate's servant Peter Fairclath, second mate's servant Thomas Evans, surgeon's servant Isaac Cousins, gunner's servant Thomas Wilson, boatswain's servant Isaac Henry Whip, carpenter's servant J. Gray, quartermaster William Lord, quartermaster William Bale, quartermaster John Wilson, quartermaster William James, seaman George Gordon, seaman James Walker, seaman Joseph Gibson, seaman James Walker, seaman Thomas Bond, seaman William Machip, seaman Thomas Bridge, seaman Norman McLeod, seaman John Graham, seaman John Lawrence, seaman Thomas Geldney, seaman Thomas Taylor, seaman William Anderson, seaman Robert Atkinson, seaman James Gardner, seaman Daniel Hays, seaman J. Robinson, seaman John Dawson, seaman David Anderson, seaman William Gedney, seaman Daniel Robinson, seaman James Thompson, seaman James Williams, seaman James Bowen, seaman Peter Gardner, seaman James Flemming, seaman James Ross, seaman Alexander Mitchell, seaman Thomas Doring, seaman Richard Rummy, seaman John Oakland, seaman John Mason, seaman Richard Brown, seaman Archibald Beard, seaman Humphrey Robinson, seaman John Coffee, seaman Thomas Witherly, seaman Edward Copp, seaman John Angus, seaman James Gordon, seaman David Bellberry, seaman William Murray, seaman Robert Thomson, seaman George Hett, seaman Thomas Howard, seaman Robert Copp, seaman John Fraser, seaman John Baxter, seaman Roger McDonald, seaman William Paterson, seaman Thomas Jackson, seaman Thomas Leonard, seaman Interpretations The Triton's fifth mate was the Honourable John Cochrane, the son of a Scottish peer, serving under William Elphinstone, also from a noble Scottish family. Younger sons of the Scottish nobility often went into the Company's maritime service. Their fathers' estates passed to the eldest son, and a berth as a mate on an Indiaman offered a younger son a gentleman's career and the chance of a fortune from private trade. Commanders from the same circles took such young men aboard as a favour to their families. A peer's son served as fifth mate beneath men of humbler birth, learning the sea in the hope of a command of his own. | |
136 | 9th April Danl. McIntire Seaman Geo. Fotheringham Saml. Sheppard Seaman Alex. Menzies Alex Gray Seaman Alex. McNab (Signed) William Elphinstone The Plantation Account for the Quarter, and the Expence of Artillery Stores, and Stewards Accounts for the Month of March last, were this day laid before Us, which were Examined, and approved of, and are as follow viz. | The muster roll of the Triton closed with her last seamen and the commander's signature. Daniel McJahre, seaman George Fotheringham, seaman Samuel Sheppard, seaman Alexander Menzies, seaman Alexander Gray, seaman Alexander McNab, seaman Signed by William Elphinstone The plantation account for the quarter, together with the accounts of artillery stores and of the steward for March 1770, was then laid before the Council, examined and approved, as follows. | |
137 | 1770 Account of the Honble. Company's Stock of Neat Cattle etc. from the 1st January to the 31st March 1770 viz. Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses Horses, Horses Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese Remaining 1st January: Neat Cattle Bulls 6, Neat Cattle Cows 131, Neat Cattle Calves 123, Neat Cattle Yearlings 61, Neat Cattle Heifers 33, Neat Cattle Steers 74, Neat Cattle Oxen 22, Neat Cattle Total 450, Sheep Ewes 379, Sheep Weathers 122, Sheep Lambs 113, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 628, Goats Ewes 177, Goats Weathers 54, Goats Kids 51, Goats Rams 10, Goats Total 292, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 8, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 14, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 73, Poultry Ducks 35, Poultry Turkeys 15, Poultry Geese 8 Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 12, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 12, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 0, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 13, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 13, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 8, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 8, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 66, Poultry Ducks 13, Poultry Turkeys 5, Poultry Geese 0 Received: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 4, Neat Cattle Steers 13, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 17, Sheep Ewes 12, Sheep Weathers 120, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 132, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 0, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 0, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 6, Neat Cattle Cows 131, Neat Cattle Calves 135, Neat Cattle Yearlings 61, Neat Cattle Heifers 37, Neat Cattle Steers 87, Neat Cattle Oxen 22, Neat Cattle Total 479, Sheep Ewes 391, Sheep Weathers 242, Sheep Lambs 113, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 760, Goats Ewes 177, Goats Weathers 54, Goats Kids 64, Goats Rams 10, Goats Total 305, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 16, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 22, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 139, Poultry Ducks 48, Poultry Turkeys 20, Poultry Geese 8 Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 16, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 16, Sheep Ewes 17, Sheep Weathers 63, Sheep Lambs 9, Sheep Rams 1, Sheep Total 90, Goats Ewes 6, Goats Weathers 15, Goats Kids 6, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 27, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 24, Poultry Ducks 12, Poultry Turkeys 4, Poultry Geese 0 Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 4, Neat Cattle Calves 3, Neat Cattle Yearlings 5, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 2, Neat Cattle Oxen 4, Neat Cattle Total 18, Sheep Ewes 4, Sheep Weathers 16, Sheep Lambs 10, Sheep Rams 1, Sheep Total 31, Goats Ewes 9, Goats Weathers 6, Goats Kids 5, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 20, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 1, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 1, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 29, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 4, Poultry Geese 0 Remaining 31st March: Neat Cattle Bulls 6, Neat Cattle Cows 127, Neat Cattle Calves 132, Neat Cattle Yearlings 56, Neat Cattle Heifers 37, Neat Cattle Steers 69, Neat Cattle Oxen 18, Neat Cattle Total 445, Sheep Ewes 370, Sheep Weathers 163, Sheep Lambs 94, Sheep Rams 12, Sheep Total 639, Goats Ewes 162, Goats Weathers 33, Goats Kids 53, Goats Rams 10, Goats Total 258, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 15, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 21, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 86, Poultry Ducks 36, Poultry Turkeys 12, Poultry Geese 8 Changed the Species: Neat Cattle Bulls 6, Neat Cattle Cows 132, Neat Cattle Calves 78, Neat Cattle Yearlings 81, Neat Cattle Heifers 45, Neat Cattle Steers 81, Neat Cattle Oxen 22, Neat Cattle Total 445, Sheep Ewes 409, Sheep Weathers 194, Sheep Lambs 22, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 639, Goats Ewes 176, Goats Weathers 60, Goats Kids 12, Goats Rams 10, Goats Total 258, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 8, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 21, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 86, Poultry Ducks 36, Poultry Turkeys 12, Poultry Geese 8 Slaves Born 1 Boy Named Darwood Yams Expended for the Slaves 55,205 lb do. for the Stock 14,140 E. Excepted (Signed) Dan Corneille Margin Notes: Artillery | The Company's account of its livestock for the quarter from 1 January to 31 March 1770 read as follows. Daniel Corneille signed it. Remaining on 1 January 1770 Cattle: 6 bulls, 131 cows, 123 calves, 61 yearlings, 33 heifers, 74 steers, 22 oxen, total 450 Sheep: 379 ewes, 122 wethers, 113 lambs, 14 rams, total 628 Goats: 177 nannies, 54 wethers, 51 kids, 10 billies, total 292 Pigs: 5 sows, 0 shoats, 8 piglets, 1 boar, total 14 Horses: 6 horses, 6 mares, total 12 Poultry: 73 fowls, 35 ducks, 15 turkeys, 8 geese Increase Cattle: 12 calves, total 12 Goats: 13 kids, total 13 Pigs: 8 piglets, total 8 Poultry: 66 fowls, 13 ducks, 5 turkeys, 0 geese Received Cattle: 4 heifers, 13 steers, total 17 Sheep: 12 ewes, 120 wethers, total 132 Total Cattle: 6 bulls, 131 cows, 135 calves, 61 yearlings, 37 heifers, 87 steers, 22 oxen, total 479 Sheep: 391 ewes, 242 wethers, 113 lambs, 14 rams, total 760 Goats: 177 nannies, 54 wethers, 64 kids, 10 billies, total 305 Pigs: 5 sows, 0 shoats, 16 piglets, 1 boar, total 22 Horses: 6 horses, 6 mares, total 12 Poultry: 139 fowls, 48 ducks, 20 turkeys, 8 geese Killed Cattle: 16 steers, total 16 Sheep: 17 ewes, 63 wethers, 9 lambs, 1 ram, total 90 Goats: 6 nannies, 15 wethers, 6 kids, total 27 Poultry: 24 fowls, 12 ducks, 4 turkeys Died Cattle: 4 cows, 3 calves, 5 yearlings, 2 steers, 4 oxen, total 18 Sheep: 4 ewes, 16 wethers, 10 lambs, 1 ram, total 31 Goats: 9 nannies, 6 wethers, 5 kids, total 20 Pigs: 1 piglet, total 1 Poultry: 29 fowls, 4 turkeys Remaining on 31 March 1770 Cattle: 6 bulls, 127 cows, 132 calves, 56 yearlings, 37 heifers, 69 steers, 18 oxen, total 445 Sheep: 370 ewes, 163 wethers, 94 lambs, 12 rams, total 639 Goats: 162 nannies, 33 wethers, 53 kids, 10 billies, total 258 Pigs: 5 sows, 0 shoats, 15 piglets, 1 boar, total 21 Horses: 6 horses, 6 mares, total 12 Poultry: 86 fowls, 36 ducks, 12 turkeys, 8 geese Regraded by age and kind Cattle: 6 bulls, 132 cows, 78 calves, 81 yearlings, 45 heifers, 81 steers, 22 oxen, total 445 Sheep: 409 ewes, 194 wethers, 22 lambs, 14 rams, total 639 Goats: 176 nannies, 60 wethers, 12 kids, 10 billies, total 258 Pigs: 5 sows, 0 shoats, 8 piglets, 1 boar, total 21 Horses: 6 horses, 6 mares, total 12 Poultry: 86 fowls, 36 ducks, 12 turkeys, 8 geese Slaves born: 1 boy, named Darwood Yams used for the slaves, 55,205 Yams used for the stock, 14,140 Errors excepted Signed by Daniel Corneille Interpretations The Company killed 16 steers in the quarter, against five cattle in the quarter to September 1769. That marked the start of the monthly issue of fresh beef to the garrison that the Council had resolved on 13 October 1769. The 17 cattle and 132 sheep received from the Cape covered almost all of the slaughter. Even so, the herd ended the quarter at 445, five fewer than it began. Eighteen cattle also died, among them four oxen and four cows. The Cape stock that made the soldiers' fresh meat possible could only just keep the herd level once losses were counted. The Company's slaves ate 55,205 yams in the quarter, more than five times the 9,993 recorded in the quarter to September. January to March was the yam harvest on St Helena, the height of the southern summer, and the slaves were fed largely on the new crop while it lasted. Rice from India and the East was dear and had to be shipped in, while yams grew on the Company's own land. Feeding the labour force on yams in season let the Council hold its stock of imported rice for the winter months. A boy named Darwood was born to the Company's slaves in the quarter and entered among the increase of the plantation, as a slave birth had been in 1769. | |
138 | 9th April Artillery Stores Expended in March 1770 Guns fired, 18 lbs, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lbs, Powder Expended oz 13th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived a Swede Ship: Guns fired 8, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 8, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 12, Powder Expended oz 0 17th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 18th do.: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Deptford: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 19th A Double Alarm for 2 Ships that pass'd by: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 6, 1 lbs 3, Powder Expended lbs 15, Powder Expended oz 0 20th Powder for priming Expectg. the Speaker to Salute: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 8 22 Departed the Ship Deptford: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 28th A Double Alarm: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 6, 1 lbs 3, Powder Expended lbs 15, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived a Dane and a French Ship: Guns fired 24, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 24, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 36, Powder Expended oz 0 An Alarm for a Ship that Pass'd by: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 29th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Nottingham: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Granby: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 30th do. doubled: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 2, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 6, Powder Expended oz 0 An Alarm at Purlings Battery for 1 of the same Ships: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 14, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Speke and Pigot: Guns fired 18, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 18, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 27, Powder Expended oz 0 Departed a French Ship: Guns fired 8, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 8, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 12, Powder Expended oz 0 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 31st do. doubled: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 2, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 6, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Havannah and Hector: Guns fired 18, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 18, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 27, Powder Expended oz 0 Powder for priming for all the above Salutes: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 32, Powder Expended oz 8 do. to repair the Cartridges at the Main Guard: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 3, Powder Expended oz 11 do. to the Stone blower on the Line at diff. times: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 4, Powder Expended oz 0 do. to Shoot Goats do.: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 11 do. to the Men in Long Boats do.: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 8 do. to the Works at Lemon Valley: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 0 do. to blow Stone at the Quarry: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 100, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for the Governors Use: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for Signals do.: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 3, Powder Expended oz 4 Total: Guns fired 184, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 112, 4 lbs 48, 1 lbs 22, Powder Expended lbs 485, Powder Expended oz 2 | The artillery return for March 1770 set out the guns fired and the powder used in the month. 13 March 1770, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 0 18-pounders, 0 6-pounders, 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 0 ounces 13 March 1770, arrival of a Swedish ship, 8 guns fired: 8 6-pounders, powder 12 pounds 0 ounces 17 March 1770, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 0 ounces 18 March 1770, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 0 ounces On 18 March 1770, the Deptford arrived, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. 19 March 1770, a double alarm for 2 ships that passed by, 9 guns fired: 6 4-pounders, 3 1-pounders, powder 15 pounds 0 ounces On 20 March 1770, 1 pound 8 ounces of priming powder were laid in expectation that the Speaker would salute. On 22 March, the Deptford departed, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. 28 March 1770, a double alarm, 9 guns fired: 6 4-pounders, 3 1-pounders, powder 15 pounds 0 ounces 28 March 1770, arrival of a Danish ship and a French ship, 24 guns fired: 24 6-pounders, powder 36 pounds 0 ounces 28 March 1770, an alarm for a ship that passed by, 6 guns fired: 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 0 ounces 29 March 1770, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 0 ounces On 29 March 1770, the Nottingham arrived, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. 29 March 1770, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 0 ounces On 29 March 1770, the Granby arrived, and 9 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 13 pounds 8 ounces of powder. 29 March 1770, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 0 ounces 30 March 1770, the same alarm doubled, 2 guns fired: 2 4-pounders, powder 6 pounds 0 ounces 30 March 1770, an alarm at Purling's Battery for one of the same ships, 2 guns fired: 2 18-pounders, powder 14 pounds 0 ounces On 30 March 1770, the Speke and the Pigot arrived, and 18 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 27 pounds of powder. 30 March 1770, departure of a French ship, 8 guns fired: 8 6-pounders, powder 12 pounds 0 ounces 30 March 1770, an alarm, 6 guns fired: 4 4-pounders, 2 1-pounders, powder 13 pounds 0 ounces 31 March 1770, the same alarm doubled, 2 guns fired: 2 4-pounders, powder 6 pounds 0 ounces On 31 March 1770, the Havannah and the Hector arrived, and 18 guns were fired, all 6-pounders, using 27 pounds of powder. Priming powder for all the salutes above, 0 guns fired, powder 32 pounds 8 ounces Powder for remaking cartridges at the main guard, 0 guns fired, powder 3 pounds 11 ounces Powder for the stone blower on the Line, 0 guns fired, powder 4 pounds 0 ounces Powder for shooting goats, 0 guns fired, powder 2 pounds 11 ounces Powder issued to the men in the longboats, 0 guns fired, powder 2 pounds 8 ounces Powder for the works at Lemon Valley, 0 guns fired, powder 2 pounds 0 ounces Powder for blasting stone at the quarry, 0 guns fired, powder 100 pounds 0 ounces Powder for the Governor's use, 0 guns fired, powder 1 pound 0 ounces Powder for signals, 0 guns fired, powder 3 pounds 4 ounces Total, 134 guns fired: 2 18-pounders, 112 6-pounders, 48 4-pounders, 22 1-pounders, powder 485 pounds 2 ounces Interpretations March 1770 used more powder than any month on record so far, about 485 pounds. The Company's ships brought only part of the cost. Swedish, Danish and French ships came into the road, and two ships that passed by each set off a double alarm. Every strange sail had to be signalled from the outlying posts whether or not she called. With foreign traffic heavy at the end of the month, the alarm guns fired almost daily. A single blast at the quarry used 100 pounds to cut stone for the works, about a fifth of the month's powder. Priming powder was laid out on 20 March in the expectation that the Speaker would salute the fort as she sailed, but no answering salute appears for her. The return records the powder for the salute that did not happen as carefully as for those that did. | |
139 | 1770 Tallow for different Uses at different times lb oz 20 Lead Ball to Shoot Goats at do. do. 2 11 Match Expended 9 Felt for Sewing the Cotts Sackings 1 Paper for diff. Uses 7 Quire Sheep Skins to Coat Spunges 1 Tompions 6 lb Expended 1 Rammer heads do. 1 Spunge Staves do. 1 (Signed) Thos. Bazett Commd. Artillery Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in the Month of March 1770 £ 32 Bottles Lisbon 2 8 17 do. Mountain 1 5 6 44 do. Beer 8 3 29 3/4 Gall. Arrack 4 9 3 151 lb Beef 3 2 11 254 Mutton 5 5 10 2 Turkeys 10 28 Fowls 2 2 11 Ducks 16 6 7 3/4 lb Butter 7 9 336 lb Flour 3 6 9 217 lb Candy 3 8 6 6 Pigs 1 10 £ 31 1 3 We this day received the following Letter from Mr. Powell Storekeeper | The artillery return for March 1770 closed with the other stores used, and Thomas Bazett, commanding the artillery, signed it. The account of provisions used at the Company's table in March 1770 followed. The Council then received a letter from James Powell, the storekeeper. Tallow for various uses at various times, 20 pounds 0 ounces Lead balls for shooting goats at various times, 2 pounds 11 ounces Slow match burnt, 9 pounds 0 ounces Felt for sewing the sacking of the cots, 1 pound 0 ounces Paper for various uses, 7 quires Sheepskins for covering sponges, 1 Tompions used, 1 Rammer heads used, 1 Sponge staves used, 1 Signed by Thomas Bazett, commanding the artillery Provisions used at the Company's table in March 1770 32 bottles of Lisbon wine, £2 8s 0d 17 bottles of mountain wine, £1 5s 6d 44 bottles of beer, £0 8s 3d 29¾ gallons of arrack, £4 9s 3d 151 pounds of beef, £3 2s 11d 254 pounds of mutton, £5 5s 10d 2 turkeys, £0 10s 0d 22 fowls, £2 2s 0d 11 ducks, £0 16s 6d 7¾ pounds of butter, £0 7s 9d 356 pounds of flour, £3 6s 9d 217 pounds of sugar candy, £3 8s 6d 6 pigs, £1 10s 0d Total, £31 1s 3d Interpretations The Governor's table used only 7¾ pounds of butter in March 1770, against 36 pounds in January and 44 or more in the winter months of 1769. Butter came from England in firkins and from the Company's own dairy at the plantation. The firkins from the store ship were evidently used up, and in the southern autumn the dairy's cows were giving less milk. The sugar candy, at 217 pounds, came from the new Canton shipments landed in February and March. The table cost much what it had in the quieter months, though more than a dozen ships called in March. The commanders who came ashore were evidently entertained as much at their own tables and at officials' houses as at the Castle. | |
140 | 9th April To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor etc. Council Worshipful Sir and Sirs As we are in daily expectation of the Store Ship, we shall be much distressed on her Arrival for Room to lodge the provisions in, as she may bring, humbly beg leave to point out where a convenient Store Room may be made for such a purpose, which is between two others that is standing in the middle of the Square I am Worshipful Sir and Sirs Your most Obed. Humb. Servant (Signed) St. Helena 9th April 1770 James Powell Being sensible that they are greatly in want of Room in the Stores for holding salt Provisions, we gave directions to cover an intermediate space between two of the Store Rooms for that purpose, the Walls being already built, and only wants covering The following is the Account Current of William Holbrook deceased Master Mason, laid before Us by John Price Executor and sworn to the same, the Balance due to his Heirs, remaining in the said Prices Hands amounting to sixteen pounds eight shillings and one half Penny | James Powell's letter to Governor Skottowe and the Council, dated at St Helena on 9 April 1770, pointed out that the store ship was expected any day. When she arrived, the stores would be very short of room to house the provisions she brought. He therefore pointed out a place where a convenient storeroom could be made, between two others standing in the middle of the square. The Council recognised that the stores badly needed more room for salt provisions. It ordered the space between two of the storerooms to be roofed for the purpose, since the walls were already built and needed only a covering. John Price, executor of William Holbrook, the late master mason, then laid Holbrook's account current before the Council and swore to it. The balance due to Holbrook's heirs, held in Price's hands, came to £16 8s 0½d. Interpretations The Council solved the shortage of storage by roofing the gap between two existing storerooms rather than building a new one. The walls on either side were already standing, so a roof alone created a closed room at the cost of a few rafters, laths and thatch or lead. With the store ship due any day, there was no time to build from the ground up. Since September 1769 the warehouse had taken in thousands of pieces of salt meat from passing commanders, and it already held some 260 casks of beef and pork. The store ship's annual supply would add many more casks at once, and they had to be kept dry and locked against theft. Holbrook's whole estate, after his debts and funeral were paid, came to £16 8s 0½d. That was about half a year's pay for a master mason in the Company's service. His goods would be sold and the money sent home to his daughter in Back Lane by a bill on the Court. A skilled man who had worked for years on the island's defences left his family little more than a few months' wages. | |
141 | William Holbrook Dr. To a Bill delivered from John Price £ 15 17 To do. from free Sarah 4 4 To do. from John Whitchurch 3 4 10 1/2 To do. from Roderick Merchant 2 2 3 To do. from Thomas Yates 1 10 6 To do. from John Lemmon 10 6 To do. from William Jenkins 11 8 To do. from Henry Howell 1 3 To do. from Lieut. St. Maurice 1 To do. from Mr. Jacks 4 Funeral Expences To 2 Single deals, 1 lb Nails and 1 Barl. Lampblack for the Coffin 5 7 To 1 Pr. Stockings and 1 Neckcloth 5 To the Bearers 5 To the Sower 5 To the Reverend Mr. Bearcroft 6 To the Sexton 7 6 To Wine and Punch 1 £ 33 1 10 1/2 To Balance due to the Heirs, in the hands of the Executor £ 16 8 1/2 £ 49 9 11 Per Contra Cr. 1770 April 4th By amount of Mr. Holbrooks Effects sold at Auction 23 10 6 By 79 days Salary 25 19 5 £ 49 9 11 Island St. Helena 9th April 1770 Errors Excepted (Signed) John Price Exec. Margin Notes: 1770 | John Price, as executor, drew up William Holbrook’s account at St Helena on 9 April 1770. It set out the debts and funeral charges against the estate, followed by the money that came in from the sale of his goods and his unpaid salary. Price signed it and noted that errors were excepted. Charges against the estate Bill from John Price, £15 17s 0d Bill from free Sarah, £4 4s 0d Bill from John Whitchurch, £3 4s 10½d Bill from Roderick Merchant, £2 2s 3d Bill from Thomas Yates, £1 10s 6d Bill from John Lemmon, £0 10s 6d Bill from William Jenkins, £0 11s 8d Bill from Henry Howell, £1 3s 0d Bill from Lieutenant St Maurice, £1 0s 0d Bill from Mrs Jacks, £0 4s 0d Funeral expenses: 2 single deals, 1 lb of nails and 1 barrel of lampblack for the coffin, £0 5s 7d Funeral expenses: 1 pair of stockings and 1 neckcloth, £0 5s 0d Funeral expenses: the bearers, £0 5s 0d Funeral expenses: the sewer, £0 5s 0d Funeral expenses: the Reverend Mr Bearcroft, £0 6s 0d Funeral expenses: the sexton, £0 7s 6d Funeral expenses: wine and punch, £1 0s 0d Subtotal of charges, £33 1s 10½d Balance due to the heirs, held by the executor, £16 8s 0½d Total, £49 9s 11d Receipts to the estate 4 April 1770, Mr Holbrook’s effects sold at auction, £23 10s 6d 79 days’ salary, £25 19s 5d Total, £49 9s 11d Interpretations Holbrook’s estate came from two sources of about equal size. The auction of his belongings on 4 April 1770 raised £23 10s 6d. The Company paid £25 19s 5d in salary for 79 days, roughly the period from the start of the year to his death on 20 March 1770. The Company therefore paid a dead servant’s wages to his estate rather than keeping them. Without that payment, his debts and funeral would have used up nearly everything his goods fetched. His daughter Martha in London would then have received almost nothing. The 10 creditors show how the island ran on credit. Holbrook ran up small tabs with an officer, a widow or householder, tradesmen and a woman recorded only as “free Sarah”. That label marked her as a free black woman and set her apart from the island’s slaves. Her bill of £4 4s 0d was the second largest after Price’s own. That points to regular dealings, perhaps for food, washing or lodging. Price was a publican, so his bill of £15 17s 0d was almost certainly for drink and board. As executor he also paid that bill to himself before anyone else. The funeral charges show what a modest burial on the island needed. Single deals were thin sawn boards of imported softwood, which were scarce on St Helena and had to be paid for even for a coffin. Lampblack was a fine soot used as a black pigment. It was mixed with size or oil to blacken the plain coffin boards. The sewer was the person paid to stitch the body into its shroud, and the stockings and neckcloth made up the grave clothes. Wine and punch for the mourners cost £1 0s 0d. That was more than the sexton, bearers and clergyman received put together. | |
142 | 9th April Ordered the following Advertizement to be published viz. Island St. Helena 9th April 1770 This is to give Notice to all the Inhabitants upon the said Island, that they are hereby required to meet in Vestry at the Chappel in the Valley on Monday next, to chuse Parish Officers for the ensuing year, they are likewise to return three of the principal Inhabitants, that one may be Elected to serve the Office of Sheriff, and to chuse a proper Person for a Constable Per Order of Council (Signed) Matthew Bazett Secretary John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | On 9 April 1770 the Council ordered a public notice to be issued in its name. Every inhabitant of the island was to attend a vestry meeting at the chapel in the valley on the following Monday, 16 April 1770. The meeting would elect the parish officers for the coming year. The inhabitants were also to nominate three of the island’s leading residents, and one of the three would be chosen to serve as sheriff. Finally, the meeting was to choose a suitable person to act as constable. Matthew Bazett, the secretary, signed the notice on the Council’s behalf. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The arrangement for choosing the sheriff kept power in the Council’s hands while giving the settlers a voice. The inhabitants did not elect a sheriff outright. They put forward three names, and the Council chose one of them. In England a sheriff was appointed by the Crown. On St Helena the Council borrowed the form of local election and kept the final choice for itself. That let the Governor reject an awkward candidate while still claiming the man had the inhabitants’ backing. The vestry did more on St Helena than in an English parish. The island had a single chapel in the valley, so the parish meeting was in effect the only assembly of free householders. The Council used the church calendar and the chapel as the machinery of civil administration. The parish officers chosen there, such as churchwardens and overseers of the poor, looked after relief for the poor and paupers’ burials. The constable kept order among the settlers and slaves, which left the garrison free for its military duties. | |
143 | 14th April At a Consultation held on Saturday the 14th day of April 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 9th April 1770 Monday the 9th Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Triton for England Tuesday the 10th Died John Long Private do. do. Arrived the Earl of Lincoln Boat at Banks's at half an hour past four o'Clock in the Morning do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Earl of Lincoln from China (last from the Cape) and brought Us the following supplies viz. Invoice of Ship Earl of Lincoln 61/64 4 Chests of Superfine Chin Chew Sugar Candy No. 61 26 287 2 28 285 3 38 312 64 38 308 1192 130 Tare 130 1062 lb or Pecul 7.96 at Ts. 9.5 Ts. 75 6 2 1/6 6 Chests Bohea Tea No. 1 39 184 2 40 186 3 39 176 4 39 186 5 41 183 6 38 176 1091 236 236 855 lb or Pecul 6.41 at Ts. 14 89 7 4 1/5 5 Chests of Congo No. 1 3 208 2 4 209 5 105 Gross 522 Tare at 24 lb p Chest 120 402 lb or Pecul 3.1 at Ts. 23 75 2 5 Carried Over Ts. 240 6 1 | The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 14 April 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the previous meeting, dated 9 April 1770, were read, approved and signed. The Company’s ship Triton left for England on Monday 9 April. On Tuesday 10 April John Long, a private soldier, died. The Earl of Lincoln’s boat landed at Banks’s at half past four that morning. Later the same day the Company’s ship Earl of Lincoln came in from China, having called last at the Cape. She brought the stores listed in her invoice below. 4 chests of superfine Chinchew sugar candy, marginal rate [...] Chest no. 6, tare 26 lb, gross 287 lb Chest no. 2, tare 28 lb, gross 285 lb Chest no. 3, tare 33 lb, gross 312 lb Chest no. 64, tare 33 lb, gross 308 lb Total gross weight of sugar candy, 1,192 lb Total tare of sugar candy, 130 lb Net sugar candy, 1,062 lb, being 7 piculs 96 catties at 9 taels 5 mace a picul, 75 taels 6 mace 2 candareens 6 chests of Bohea tea, marginal rate 1s 6d Chest no. 1, tare 39 lb, gross 184 lb Chest no. 2, tare 40 lb, gross 186 lb Chest no. 3, tare 39 lb, gross 176 lb Chest no. 4, tare 39 lb, gross 186 lb Chest no. 5, tare 41 lb, gross 183 lb Chest no. 6, tare 38 lb, gross 176 lb Total gross weight of Bohea tea, 1,091 lb Total tare of Bohea tea, 236 lb Net Bohea tea, 855 lb, being 6 piculs 41 catties at 14 taels a picul, 89 taels 7 mace 4 candareens 5 chests of Congo tea, marginal rate 1s 8d Congo chests nos. 1 and 3, gross 208 lb Congo chests nos. 2 and 4, gross 209 lb Congo chest no. 5, gross 105 lb Total gross weight of Congo tea, 522 lb Tare of Congo tea at 24 lb a chest, 120 lb Net Congo tea, 402 lb, being 3 piculs 1 catty at 25 taels a picul, 75 taels 2 mace 5 candareens Carried forward, 240 taels 6 mace 1 candareen Interpretations The sugar candy cost far more than on the earlier China invoices recorded in this chat. The Canton supercargoes had then priced sugar candy at 7 taels 8 mace a picul. These four chests were charged at 9 taels 5 mace, more than a fifth higher. The invoice describes them as superfine Chinchew candy, a better grade than the ordinary candy. Chinchew was the European name for Quanzhou in Fujian province. Its sugar was refined into large, clear crystals by slow crystallisation on threads or splints. The higher grade, rather than a general rise in the Canton market, probably explains most of the difference. The two teas were bought at very different prices, and the marginal figures show they were meant for sale on the island at different rates. Bohea was the cheapest black tea, made from coarse late leaves picked in the Wuyi hills. At 14 taels a picul it was the everyday drink of the garrison and poorer settlers. Congo, from the Chinese gongfu, meaning tea made with care, was a finer black tea rolled from better leaf. It cost 25 taels a picul, almost twice as much as Bohea. The marginal rates of 1s 6d and 1s 8d a pound, probably the island’s selling prices, show that the Company added a much bigger mark-up to the cheap Bohea than to the Congo. Every weight on the invoice went through the same arithmetic. The gross weight of each chest was its weight with the tea or candy inside. The tare was the weight of the empty chest, its lead lining and its packing, and it was taken off to give the net. The net was then turned into Chinese units: a picul held 100 catties and weighed about 133⅓ lb. The Congo tare was a flat 24 lb a chest instead of a separate weight for each one. This suggests the Congo chests were opened together and their weights assumed rather than taken one by one. The Earl of Lincoln sent her boat ahead to Banks’s before dawn, several hours before the ship herself came in. Banks’s was the battery and landing on the windward approach to James Valley. Every arrival had to be identified there before any vessel was allowed into the road. The boat probably carried the commander’s papers and the ship’s name so that the guns would not fire on her as she came round. | |
144 | 14th April Brought over Ts. 240 6 1 1/4 4 Chests of Single (Hyson Skin) No. 1 2 165 3 4 167 332 Tare 19 lb p Cht. 76 256 lb or Pecul 1.92 at Ts. 27 51 8 4 No. 41/60 20 Chests Sugar No. 41 27 290 2 26 288 3 26 288 4 26 288 5 26 289 6 24 288 7 26 288 8 25 289 9 26 288 50 24 286 1 24 287 2 24 287 3 24 288 4 26 280 5 23 288 6 28 289 7 26 288 8 25 288 9 27 290 60 25 288 510 Tare 5764 510 5254 lb or Pecul 39.40 at Ts. 4.5 Ts. 177 3 Ts. 469 7 5 Canton 7th January 1770 Errors Excepted (Signed) Henry Revell Hillary Torriano Stepn. De Visme Francis Wood Junr. Benj. Lorin Edw. Phipps Will. Bruce Thos. Bevan Will. Harrison Mattw. Raper Junr. John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw | The invoice for the Earl of Lincoln went on from the total of 240 taels 6 mace 1 candareen brought forward from the previous page. It listed four chests of Singlo tea of the Hyson skin grade and 20 chests of sugar. Brought forward, 240 taels 6 mace 1 candareen 4 chests of Singlo (Hyson skin) tea, marginal rate [...]s 4d Singlo chests nos. 1 and 2, gross 165 lb Singlo chests nos. 3 and 4, gross 167 lb Total gross weight of Singlo tea, 332 lb Tare of Singlo tea at 19 lb a chest, 76 lb Net Singlo tea, 256 lb, being 1 picul 92 catties at 27 taels a picul, 51 taels 8 mace 4 candareens 20 chests of sugar, nos. 41 to 60 Sugar chest no. 41, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Sugar chest no. 42, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 43, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 44, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 45, tare 26 lb, gross 289 lb Sugar chest no. 46, tare 24 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 47, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 48, tare 24 lb, gross 289 lb Sugar chest no. 49, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 50, tare 24 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 51, tare 24 lb, gross 287 lb Sugar chest no. 52, tare 24 lb, gross 287 lb Sugar chest no. 53, tare 24 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 54, tare 26 lb, gross 280 lb Sugar chest no. 55, tare 25 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 56, tare 28 lb, gross 289 lb Sugar chest no. 57, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 58, tare 25 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 59, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Sugar chest no. 60, tare 25 lb, gross 288 lb Total gross weight of sugar, 5,764 lb Total tare of sugar, 510 lb Net sugar, 5,254 lb, being 39 piculs 40 catties at 4 taels 5 mace a picul, 177 taels 3 mace 0 candareens Total of invoice, 469 taels 7 mace 5 candareens The supercargoes drew up the invoice at Canton on 7 January 1770, noting that errors were excepted. It carried the names of the following signatories. Henry Revell Hillary Torriano Stephen De Vismes Francis Wood junior Benjamin Torin Edward Phipps William Rous Thomas Bevan William Harrison Matthew Raper junior John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw Interpretations Singlo was a green tea from the Songluo hills in Anhui province, and Hyson skin was a by-product of grading the costlier Hyson tea. When Hyson was sifted and winnowed, the light, open and poorly rolled leaves were separated out as skin. Those leaves were sold more cheaply under the Singlo name. At 27 taels a picul, it was the dearest tea in this consignment. Even so, it was far cheaper than true Hyson, and it gave the island’s officers and better-off settlers a green tea at a moderate price. The sugar was charged at 4 taels 5 mace a picul. That was exactly the price the same supercargoes had set for sugar on the earlier Canton invoices recorded in this chat. Coarse Chinese sugar was a steady market staple, so its price held while the superfine candy on the previous page cost much more. These 20 chests, numbered 41 to 60, continued the series of sugar chests shipped to the island across several vessels. Canton was supplying St Helena’s whole annual sugar in instalments rather than in one cargo. | |
145 | 1770 Mr. Matthew Purling reports that he has been on board the Ship Earl of Lincoln to Muster her Company and enquire for deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows viz. Muster Roll of Ship Earl of Lincoln Peter Hardwick Commr. James Jones Chief mate John Foot 2 do. Thos. Audley 3 do. John Buxton 4th do. Thos. Torrington 5th do. Will. Newson 6th do. John Townsend Purser John Hampus Surgeon Jo. Campbell Boats. J. Rimmer Gunner Thos. Bridgman Carp. Jo. Garratt Midshipman Will. Reed do. Charles Mann do. Geo. Mathews Qr. mast. David Liddle do. Andw. Rollin do. Jo. Berry do. Jo. Duff Ships Stew. Robt. Smith Capt. do. Jo. McCormick Sailmr. Will. Jessan Capt. Cook Dennis Doleman Poult. J. Flood Butcher John Mudie Boats. mate Wm. Smallman Carp. 1 do. Wm. Wayland do. 2 do. Andw. Low Gunners do. Ed. Bowling Caulkers do. Alex. Frazer Cooper Wm. Bird Capt. Serv. Will. Francomb do. Alex. Allardice Chief mt. do. Will. Watson 2 do. do. Richd. Stallworth Surg. do. Thos. Athen Boats. do. Thos. Dawson Carp. do. Will. Hale Gunners do. David Twaddle Seaman Robt. Pickering Will. Dowdall David Langly J. Cromartie Alex. Benny Evan Lewelling John Miller John Fagg Robt. Rankie Andw. McCowen Danl. Penaray Geo. Robertson Lawrence Cunningham Wm. Swiney John Mann Will. Jameson Timothy Sullivan Jos. Marcall John Cubitt James Strachan Geo. Howard Isaac Harding Will. Williams Seaman J. Jacobs Jo. Freer John Pavell Will. Collins Francis Swenton Joseph Rolph Thos. Bester Will. Alexander Alex. Wood David Boone Franc. Sutter Thos. Baty Geo. Rogers Henry Weathers Robt. Ward John Wood John Hunter Geo. Harris Jacob Cowen Hugh Dunny Thos. Anderson Henry Harris John Allardice Ch. Robertson Will. Brown John Richert Geo. Crawford Ships Cook Richd. Franklen Seaman J. Johnson Christ. Rae | Matthew Purling reported that he had gone on board the Earl of Lincoln to muster her crew and search for deserters. He found none. The ship’s muster roll was entered as follows. Peter Hardwicke, commander James Jones, chief mate John Foot, second mate Thomas Audley, third mate John Buxton, fourth mate Thomas Donington, fifth mate William Newson, sixth mate John Townsend, purser John Humfries, surgeon John Campbell, boatswain John Farmer, gunner Thomas Bridgman, carpenter John Garratt, midshipman William Reed, midshipman Charles Mann George Mathers, quartermaster David Patullo, quartermaster Andrew Hetton, quartermaster John Berry, quartermaster John Duff, ship's steward Robert Smith, captain's steward John McCormick, sailmaker William Jepson, captain's cook Dennis Dorlinson, poulterer John Flood, butcher John Mudie, boatswain's mate William Smallman, carpenter's first mate William Wayland, carpenter's second mate Andrew Low, gunner's mate Edward Bowling, caulker's mate Alexander Frazer, cooper William Baird, captain's servant William Francomb, captain's servant Alexander Allardice, chief mate's servant William Watson, second mate's servant Richard Shuttleworth, surgeon's servant Thomas [...], boatswain's servant Thomas Dawson, carpenter's servant William Watts, gunner's servant David Twaddle, seaman Robert Pickering, seaman William Donald, seaman David Langly, seaman J. Cromartie, seaman Alexander Benny, seaman Evan Lewling, seaman John Miller, seaman John Hogg, seaman Robert Ranket, seaman Andrew McCowen, seaman Daniel Hunaway, seaman George Robertson, seaman Lawrence Cunningham, seaman William Swiney, seaman John Mann, seaman William Jameson, seaman Timothy Sullivan, seaman Joseph Metcalfe, seaman John Cubitt, seaman James Strachan, seaman George Howard, seaman Isaac Harding, seaman William Williams, seaman J. Jacobs, seaman John Gear, seaman John Havell, seaman William Collins, seaman Francis Swinton, seaman Joseph Rolfe, seaman Thomas Dexter, seaman William Alexander, seaman Alexander Wood, seaman David Boorne, seaman Francis Sutler, seaman Thomas Baty, seaman George Rogers, seaman Henry Weathers, seaman Robert Ford, seaman John Hood, seaman John Hunter, seaman George Harris, seaman Jacob Cowen, seaman Richard Drewry, seaman Thomas Anderson, seaman Henry Harris, seaman John Allardice, seaman Charles Robertson, seaman William Bowson, seaman John Rickert, seaman George Crawford, ship's cook Richard Franklin, seaman J. Palmer, seaman Christopher Plas, seaman Interpretations The muster was a check against desertion on the island. A soldier from the garrison who wanted to leave St Helena could try to slip aboard a homeward ship. He might pass as a seaman or hide below until she sailed. A Council member therefore went aboard with the ship’s own roll and counted every man against it. Anyone extra was then found and taken off. The roll also worked the other way round. It recorded who had arrived, so that a sailor who ran from the ship into the island’s valleys could be named and hunted down before she left. The servants on the roll show how the Company’s officers added to their pay. Each senior officer had one or more servants entered on the ship’s books, usually boys or young apprentices. Their wages and allowances were drawn in their own names but often went to the officer they served. A place as a captain’s or mate’s servant was also the usual way into an officer’s career at sea. The Honourable John Cochrane, recorded in this chat as fifth mate of the Triton, would probably have started in such a berth. | |
146 | 14th April John Cross Seaman James Benoughs Thos. Butterfield Will. Fidler Danl. Bennett Seaman John Harrison Patk. McArdle John Barfoot Joseph Jeans Jim Lincoln Seaman Jack Hyder Alley Matt. Udderly Caulker John Smith Arm. Henry Revell Esqr. Passenger (Signed) Peter Hardwick The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Earl of Lincoln viz. Account of Stores short received from Ship Earl of Lincoln viz. Cwt. qrs. lb. 24 Candy short weight occasioned by wastage the Chests being in good order (Signed) St. Helena 14th April 1770 Jas. Powell Storekeeper On the 11th instant we received the following Letter from Captain Hardwicke viz. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. President and Governor etc. in Council at St. Helena Worshipful Sir and Sirs On my two proceeding Voyages having been supplyed at this place with only one third part of my Charter Party Beef, and a small quantity more at an advanced price, I now apply to you in Council for the full quantity stipulated by | The final names on the Earl of Lincoln’s muster roll were as follows. John Cross, seaman James Benoughs, seaman Thomas Butterfield, seaman William Fidler, seaman Daniel Bennett, seaman John Harrison, seaman Patrick McAnelle, seaman John Parfect, seaman Joseph Jeanes, seaman John Lincoln, seaman Jack Hyder Alley, seaman Matthew Adderley, caulker John Smith, armourer Henry Revell, passenger Peter Hardwicke signed the roll as commander. On the same day James Powell, the storekeeper, reported a shortfall in the stores landed from the Earl of Lincoln. He signed his account at St Helena on 14 April 1770. Sugar candy short weight through wastage, chests in good order, 24 lb On 11 April 1770 the Council received a letter from Captain Hardwicke. He addressed it to Governor Skottowe as president and to the Council. On each of his two previous voyages, the island had given him only a third of the beef due to his ship under her charter party. This time it had offered him a small amount, and at a higher price. He therefore asked the Council for the full quantity his charter allowed. Interpretations Captain Hardwicke’s request rested on a written contract. The Company hired most of its ships from private owners under a charter party. The charter set out what the ship would receive at each Company port, including a fixed allowance of fresh beef at St Helena, usually at a set price. Hardwicke was claiming a contractual right, not asking a favour. If the Council refused, the owners could later charge the Company in London for the shortfall. The island was caught between that obligation and the needs of its own garrison. The Council had resolved on 13 October 1769 to give the soldiers fresh meat every month. It had then bought Cape cattle from passing captains to keep the herds up. Each bullock it handed to a ship weakened its ability to feed its own men. The roll shows that Henry Revell was returning to England as a passenger. He was one of the supercargoes whose names appeared on the Canton invoice of 7 January 1770 for the stores the same ship brought. The man who had helped price and pack the island’s sugar and tea was therefore on board when they were landed and weighed. Powell found the candy 24 lb short. He blamed ordinary wastage rather than tampering, since the chests had arrived in good order. That was a loss of little more than 2% on 1,062 lb net, which was normal for a long voyage, and nobody on the island had cause to dispute the supercargoes’ figures. | |
147 | 1770 Charter Party, and upon the Charter Party terms, for use of the Ship Earl of Lincoln. I remain Sirs Your mo. Obedt. Servant (Signed) P. Hardwicke Upon which we directed the Secretary to return the following answer viz. Sir I am Ordered by the Governor and Council to acquaint you in answer to your Letter dated the 10 instant, that altho your Charter Party Beef is Stipulated at 10/20 and that you have in your former Voyages received only part of said Allowance (as will be the case at present) It rest with them therefore to proportion said Allowance conformable to what the Honble. Company's Stock can answer to the demands of their increase of Shipping, and can never consent to any partiality in favour of one more than another as all the Ships of this Season have and will fare alike as to Charter Party, and they further desire you will examine your instructions, wherein you will find that you are Recommended to touch at the Cape in order to supply your Ships Company with proper refreshment on purpose not to distress this Island, and as you have been there they make no doubt but you have supplyed yourself, consequently cannot want any further supply here, more than other Ships under the like circumstances, your Letter will be entered together with this answer in Consultation I am Sir Yr. most Obedt. humble Servt. (Signed) St. Helena 11th April 1770 M. Bazett Secy. To Capt. Peter Hardwicke Commr. of Ship Earl of Lincoln Received of Capt. Hardwicke 424 pieces Salt Beef and 294 Ps. Pork for which we have given him Certificates on the Honble. Company John Skottowe Dan Corneille Purling | Captain Hardwicke ended his letter by asking for the full allowance of beef for the Earl of Lincoln, on the terms set out in her charter party. He signed it as P. Hardwicke. The Council told the secretary to send him a reply. Matthew Bazett wrote to Captain Peter Hardwicke, commander of the Earl of Lincoln, at St Helena on 11 April 1770. He wrote on the instructions of Governor Skottowe and the Council, and answered the captain’s letter of 10 April. The Council accepted that the charter party fixed the beef allowance at a rate of [...]. It also accepted that Hardwicke had received only part of it on his earlier voyages and would again receive only part. The Council had to share the allowance out according to what the Company’s herds could supply. That had become harder as more ships called each year. The Council would not favour one commander over another, and every ship that season had been, and would be, treated alike under its charter. Bazett then pointed Hardwicke to his own sailing orders. Those orders advised him to call at the Cape to stock his ship with fresh provisions so that he would not drain the island. Since Hardwicke had called at the Cape, the Council took it that he had supplied himself there. He therefore had no greater need of help at St Helena than any other ship in the same position. His letter and the reply would both be entered in the minutes. The Council recorded that it had taken 424 pieces of salt beef and 294 pieces of salt pork from Captain Hardwicke. It gave him certificates on the Company for their value. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The Council refused Hardwicke’s claim on the strength of his own orders. It did not have to argue about the size of the island’s herds. The Court’s instructions told commanders to buy fresh provisions at the Cape so that they would not drain St Helena. That made the charter allowance a fallback rather than a full entitlement. The Council also refused to make an exception. Once one commander was given his full charter beef, every later captain that season could demand the same. The fresh-meat issue to the garrison, begun on 13 October 1769, depended on the herds being kept for the island’s own men. The same entry shows the Council taking 424 pieces of salt beef and 294 of salt pork from the same ship. It paid for them with certificates, which were bills to be settled by the Company in London, so no cash left the island’s treasury. The island would not give the ship fresh beef, but it was glad to take her salt meat. Salt meat kept for months and fed the garrison in lean seasons without touching the herds. Only two days earlier, on 9 April 1770, the Council had ordered the space between two storerooms roofed over to make room for salt provisions. This purchase was exactly the kind of stock that room was needed for. | |
148 | 16th April At a Consultation held on Monday the 16th day of April 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 14th April 1770 The Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter commencing the 1st of January and ending the 31st day of March 1770 which were examined, and approved and are as follow viz. Collection of Goods sold and delivered out of the Honble. Company's Ware Houses from 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Sold to the Company's Servants at 10 p Cent viz. Sugar and Candy viz. 8903 lb Sugar £ 129 16 3 1354 lb Candy 31 0 7 160 17 3 Flour viz. 3933 lb 32 16 4 Cwt. 330 308 340 16 4 Rice and Paddy viz. 12539 lb Rice 49 9 4 5219 lb Paddy 10 11 9 60 1 1 Soap 304 lb 9 18 4 Candles 250 lb 31 5 Carried Over £ 602 18 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 16 April 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 14 April 1770 were read, approved and signed. The storekeeper presented his collections and the paymaster his accounts for the quarter from 1 January to 31 March 1770. The Council examined both and approved them. The first was a statement of goods sold and issued from the Company’s warehouses during that quarter, beginning with sales to the Company’s servants at cost plus 10%. Goods sold to the Company's servants at a 10% advance Sugar, 8,903 lb, £129 16s 3d Sugar candy, 1,354 lb, £31 0s 7d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £160 17s 3d Flour, 3,933 lb, £32 16s 4d Flour, 330 cwt, £308 0s 0d Total for flour, £340 16s 4d Rice, 12,539 lb, £49 9s 4d Paddy, 5,219 lb, £10 11s 9d Total for rice and paddy, £60 1s 1d Soap, 324 lb, £9 18s 4d Candles, 250 lb, £31 5s 0d Carried forward, £602 18s 0d Interpretations The Company sold its stores to its own servants at cost plus a mark-up of 10%. That was a fixed and modest margin in a place where everything had to come by sea. A settler or soldier buying from a passing ship or an island shopkeeper paid whatever the market would bear when stocks ran low. Buying at the warehouse kept the cost of living down for the garrison and officials. It also tied them to the Company for food, and the money came straight back to the treasury out of the wages the Company had just paid them. The Company’s wage bill was in effect partly paid back to it through the warehouse counter. Paddy was rice still in its husk, as it came off the threshing floor in India or Madagascar. It kept better at sea than cleaned rice and cost less per pound. Here, 5,219 lb of paddy sold for about 2d a pound and the cleaned rice for less than 1d. The difference probably reflected the labour of pounding off the husk. Rice of both kinds was the staple ration of the island’s slaves. The large quantity, more than 17,000 lb in three months, shows how much of the Company’s stock went to feeding the slave labour that its own servants owned or hired. Candles were the dearest item by weight on the list. The 250 lb sold for £31 5s 0d, which works out at 2s 6d a pound. That was perhaps three or four times the price of common tallow candles in England at the same date. The island had little tallow of its own because its cattle were kept for meat and for supplying ships. Every candle for lighting its houses and guardrooms after dark had to be shipped in, and the price showed it. | |
149 | 1770 Brought Over £ 602 16 Salt 19 7/8 Bushels 3 5 10 Pepper 20 lb 11 3 Oil viz. 26 3/8 Gallons Linseed 5 15 11 73 1/4 do. Train 13 2 6 1 Bottle Florence 2 11 1/8 Gallons Oil of Turpentine 2 2 19 3 6 Challow 13 Ps. 3 3 6 Cordage 294 1/2 lb 5 4 3 Twine 34 Skeins 1 1 3 Starch 19 1/2 lb 12 7 Coffee 39 lb 1 15 9 Lead 64 lb Shott 13 4 Iron Potts 2 Wt. 44 lb 9 2 Tea viz. 97 lb Bohea 3 14 9 36 lb Congo 2 9 6 16 lb Single 1 2 7 6 3 Pitch and Tar viz. 27 1/2 Gall. Tar 1 2 11 28 lb Rozin 4 8 1 7 7 Bunting viz. 1 Yd. White 6 1/4 4 do. Red 3 1/4 3 7 Shalloon viz. 7 1/2 Yds. Scarlet 1 7 1/2 8 do. Colord 16 2 1/2 1 16 10 Carried Over £ 654 10 8 | The statement of goods sold to the Company’s servants continued from the total of £602 16s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £602 16s 0d Salt, 19⅞ bushels, £3 5s 10d Pepper, 20 lb, £0 11s 3d Linseed oil, 26⅜ gallons, £5 15s 11d Train oil, 73¼ gallons, £13 2s 6d Florence oil, 1 bottle, £0 2s 11d Oil of turpentine, ⅜ gallon, £0 2s 2d Total for oils, £19 3s 6d Tallow, 18½ [...], £8 3s 6d Cordage, 294½ lb, £5 4s 3d Twine, 34 skeins, £1 1s 3d Starch, 19½ lb, £0 12s 7d Coffee, 39 lb, £1 15s 9d Lead shot, 64 lb, £0 13s 4d Iron pots, 2 weighing 44 lb, £0 9s 2d Bohea tea, 97 lb, £3 14s 9d Congo tea, 36 lb, £2 9s 6d Singlo tea, 16 lb, £1 2s 0d Total for tea, £7 6s 3d Tar, 27½ gallons, £1 2s 11d Rosin, 28 lb, £0 4s 8d Total for pitch and tar, £1 7s 7d White bunting, 1 yard, £0 0s 6¼d Red bunting, 4 yards, £0 3s 0¼d Total for bunting, £0 3s 7d Scarlet shalloon, 7½ yards, £1 0s 7½d Coloured shalloon, 8 yards, £0 16s 2½d Total for shalloon, £1 16s 10d Carried forward, £654 10s 8d Interpretations Several of the goods on this page would be unfamiliar to a modern reader. Train oil was rendered from whale blubber, or sometimes from seal or fish. It was the cheap lamp oil of the period. The 73¼ gallons sold in one quarter show that houses and guardrooms were lit mainly by smoky oil lamps rather than by the costly candles on the previous page. Florence oil was olive oil from Tuscany. It came in thin, straw-wrapped flasks, sold by the bottle, and was used for cooking and salads. Linseed oil and oil of turpentine were painters’ materials. They were mixed with pigments to protect timber and ironwork from the island’s damp, salty air. Rosin was the solid resin left when turpentine was distilled from pine gum. It was melted with tar to seal seams, caulk boats and waterproof cordage. Shalloon was a light, closely woven worsted cloth named after Châlons-sur-Marne in France. It was used mainly to line coats. The scarlet shalloon was almost certainly bought for lining or facing the garrison’s red uniform coats, which the officers had made up privately by island tailors. Bunting was a thin woollen cloth woven for flags. The small quantities of white and red bunting were probably for repairing the island’s colours and the signal flags used to report ships sighted at sea. The tea prices show the Company’s fixed mark-up at work. Bohea sold at about 9d a pound, Congo at about 1s 4½d and Singlo at about 1s 4½d. Bohea had cost 14 taels a picul at Canton, against 25 for Congo and 27 for Singlo. The island prices kept close to that ratio, showing the same small advance of 10% added to cost and freight. In England at this date even common Bohea seldom sold below 2s a pound once the heavy duty had been paid. Tea on St Helena came duty-free straight from Canton. A soldier or settler there could drink it at less than half the price paid by an English household. | |
150 | 16th April Brought Over £ 654 10 8 Ticking 30 3/4 Yards 5 5 7 Arrack 5 1/2 Gallons 1 7 6 Blankets 3 Fine 1 14 9 Thread viz. 5 lb Whited Brown 1 17 4 1/4 2 Colord 1 7 6 2 Card Nuns No. 38 2 10 1/2 1 Card do. 36 2 3 1/4 3 10 1 Leather viz. 161 1/2 lb Sole 8 14 8 6 Calf Skins 2 17 3 11 11 11 Canvas viz. 34 1/2 Yds. English 2 9 7 37 do. Osnabrigs 1 12 4 1/2 1 1/2 do. Ticklenburgs 1 5 1/2 4 3 5 Oars 2 6 1 Beef and Pork viz. 2273 Ps. Beef 227 6 2252 do. Pork 225 4 452 10 Iron 26 lb 5 5 Earthen Ware 1 Milk Pan 1 6 Cart Wheels 2 Wheel Barrows 1 13 11 Paint viz. 157 lb White Lead dry 2 13 7 1/4 24 Barrels Blacking 14 24 Chocolate Color 15 6 1 1/2 Copperas 1 7 1/2 Paint Carried Over £ 4 6 3 3/4 Carried Over £ 1137 10 | The statement of goods sold to the Company’s servants continued from the total of £654 10s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £654 10s 8d Ticking, 30¾ yards, £5 5s 7d Arrack, 5½ gallons, £1 7s 6d Fine blankets, 3, £1 14s 9d Whitened brown thread, 5 lb, £1 17s 4¼d Coloured thread, 8 lb, £1 7s 6d Nuns' thread no. 38, 2 oz, £0 2s 10½d Nuns' thread no. 36, 1 oz, £0 2s 3¾d Total for thread, £3 10s 1d Sole leather, 161¼ lb, £8 14s 8d Calf skins, 6, £2 17s 3d Total for leather, £11 11s 11d English canvas, 34½ yards, £2 9s 7d Osnaburg canvas, 37 yards, £1 12s 4½d Tecklenburg canvas, 1½ yards, £0 1s 5½d Total for canvas, £4 3s 5d Oars, 2, £0 6s [...]d Salt beef, 2,273 pieces, £227 6s 0d Salt pork, 2,252 pieces, £225 4s 0d Total for beef and pork, £452 10s 0d Iron, 26 lb, £0 5s 5d Earthenware milk pan, 1, £0 1s 6d Cart wheels and 2 wheelbarrows, £1 13s 11d White lead, dry, 157 lb, £2 15s 7¼d Barrel blacking, 24 lb, £0 14s 0d Chocolate-coloured paint, 24 lb, £0 15s 6d Copperas, 1½ [...], £0 1s 7½d Paint carried forward, £4 6s 8¾d Carried forward, £1,137 0s 10d Interpretations Salt beef and pork made up by far the largest item in the quarter’s sales. Over 4,500 pieces were sold at 2s a piece, worth £452 10s 0d, which was about two-thirds of everything sold so far. Each piece was a cut of a fixed standard weight, packed in brine in casks of a set count. Selling salt meat to its servants by the piece let the Company turn the casks taken off passing ships into cash. On 11 April 1770 the Council had paid Captain Hardwicke for 424 pieces of beef and 294 of pork with certificates on the Company. That meat would come back into the treasury as cash when it was sold over the warehouse counter. Selling salt meat kept the island’s live cattle for the garrison’s fresh issue and for ships that the Council chose to supply. Several of the textiles were the cheap working cloths of the period. Osnaburg was a coarse, unbleached linen or hemp cloth named after Osnabrück in Westphalia. Tecklenburg was a similar cloth from the nearby county of Tecklenburg. Both were bought in large amounts across the British world to clothe slaves and to make sacks and work clothes. Ticking was a strong, closely woven striped linen used to cover mattresses and pillows stuffed with feathers or flock. Nuns’ thread was a fine white linen thread, sold in numbered grades from Flemish and Dutch convents and their imitators. It was used for lace and fine needlework, and it was priced by the ounce rather than by the pound. The paints were the materials for routine upkeep against the damp. Dry white lead was powdered lead carbonate, ground in linseed oil on the spot to make the standard white paint and primer. Chocolate-coloured paint was a dark brown oxide pigment, the usual colour for doors, window frames and gun carriages. Copperas was green vitriol, or iron sulphate. It was used to make black dye and ink, and as a cheap preservative wash on timber. Arrack, distilled in Batavia or Goa from palm sap or rice, was the spirit the island’s arrack society retailed. The small amount sold here from the warehouse was probably for officers’ private use. | |
151 | 1770 Brought over £ 1137 10 Paint brought over £ 4 6 3 3/4 3 1/2 lb Indico 3 10 3 1/2 9 1/2 Blue Smalts 17 3 3/4 42 Pearl Color 1 2 1 Olive do. 1 11 1/2 3 1/2 Prussian Blue 9 1/2 4 lb Log wood 11 3 Ven. Red mixed 1 7 1/2 1/4 Umber 1/2 2 lb Red Lead 7 10 11 China Ware viz. 23 Baking Dishes 1 6 1 7 Sallad do. 5 3 42 half Pt. Cups and Saucers 1 3 7 1/2 24 Quarter Pt. do. and do. 6 19 Sneakers 7 1 1/2 24 Octagon Soup Plates 12 10 9 Guglets and Basons 1 0 3 4 Sett Octagon Dishes and Plates 5 14 4 8 Bowls 10 11 Chamber Pots 1 4 9 12 10 3 Glass Ware viz. 163 Sqr. 8 by 10 3 5 3 1/4 4 do. 6 by 8 1 8 1 do. 10 by 14 1 2 1/2 2 do. 11 1/4 by 19 3 1 1/2 2 Tumblers 1 6 3/4 5 12 10 Iron Ware viz. 9 Small Frying Pans 1 0 7 1/2 3 lb Tinnd Tacks 7 3 1/4 Iron Ware Carried over £ 1 8 1/4 Carried over £ 1165 14 11 | The statement of goods sold to the Company’s servants continued from the total of £1,137 0s 10d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,137 0s 10d Paint brought forward, £4 6s 8¾d Indigo, 37½ lb, £3 10s 3½d Blue smalts, 9½ lb, £0 17s 9¾d Pearl-coloured paint, 48 lb, £1 2s 0d Olive-coloured paint, 1 [...], £0 1s 11½d Prussian blue, 3½ oz, £0 9s 0½d Logwood, 4 lb, £0 0s 11d Venetian red, mixed, 3 lb, £0 1s 7½d Umber, ¼ lb, £0 0s 0½d Red lead, 2 lb, £0 0s 7d Total for paint, £10 11s 0d China baking dishes, 23, £1 6s 1d China salad dishes, 7, £0 5s 3d China half-pint cups and saucers, 42, £1 3s 7½d China quarter-pint cups and saucers, 24, £0 6s 0d China sneakers, 19, £0 7s 1½d China octagonal soup plates, 24, £0 12s 10d China guglets and basins, 9, £1 0s 3d China octagonal dishes and plates, 4 sets, £5 14s 4d China bowls, 8, £0 10s 0d China chamber pots, 11, £1 4s 9d Total for china, £12 10s 3d Window glass, 163 panes 8 by 10 inches, £5 5s 3¼d Window glass, 4 panes 6 by 8 inches, £0 1s 8d Window glass, 1 pane 10 by 14 inches, £0 1s 2½d Window glass, 2 panes 11¼ by 19 inches, £0 3s 1½d Glass tumblers, 2, £0 1s 6¾d Total for glass, £5 12s 10d Small iron frying pans, 9, £1 0s 7½d Tinned tacks, 3,000, £0 7s 5¼d Ironware carried forward, £1 8s 0¾d Carried forward, £1,165 14s 11d Interpretations The china came from Canton, where the Company’s ships loaded porcelain as part of their cargo. Being heavy and waterproof, it was stowed low in the hold beneath the tea chests and helped keep them dry. That cheap freight explains how a small island garrison could buy matching sets of octagonal dishes and plates and 66 cups and saucers in one quarter. Even chamber pots were made of porcelain. Sneakers were small china bowls or cups for a single drink of punch or tea. Guglets were long-necked water bottles, made in the Indian manner. Their porous body cooled the water by evaporation, and each sat in a matching basin. In England at the same date such porcelain was still a middle-class luxury, while on St Helena it was everyday ware for the Company’s servants. Several of the pigments were costly colours that the island’s buildings and boats needed only in small amounts. Smalt was cobalt glass ground to a blue powder. It was used as a paint and to blue whitewash and linen. Prussian blue was a synthetic pigment invented in Berlin early in the century. It was strong enough to sell by the ounce, and here it cost more than 2s an ounce. Indigo, from the leaves of the Indian indigo plant, was a dye rather than a paint. Most of the 37½ lb was probably bought for dyeing cloth and blueing laundry. Logwood was the heartwood of a Central American tree. It was boiled to make black and purple dyes and ink. The window glass shows that the island’s houses were being glazed with sash windows. Most of the panes were the standard 8 by 10-inch size used in Georgian sashes. A sale of 163 panes in three months points to a good deal of building or repair. The few large panes of 11¼ by 19 inches were for better houses or public rooms. Glass panes were always broken in a ship’s hold and in the island’s winds. Keeping a stock in the Company’s warehouse spared every householder the long wait for a replacement pane from England. | |
152 | 16th April Brought over £ 1165 14 11 Iron Ware brought over £ 1 8 1/4 2 Sheets Emery Paper 3 1 do. Sand do. 1/4 2 Iron rimd Locks w. Brass Knobs 13 6 1/2 6 Scythe Stones 1 3 3 Pr. HL Hinges 6 3/4 1 Hand Hatchet 1 10 1/4 1 Iron Shovel 4 4 1/4 1 Sickle 1 1/4 11 Files 3 6 1/4 Brass Chair Nails 2 3/4 1 Maul 10 7 4 Ash Helves 2 7 2 Splinter Locks 1 1 1/2 2 Leather drill strings 1 2 2 Stock Locks 6 2 Spades 8 3 1 Iron rimd Lock 1 4 3 1/2 1 Barrk. door do. with brass Kt. 8 3 1 Garden Rake 2 6 1/2 6 9 11 Turners Ware viz. 1 Punch Ladle 1 1/4 9 Plaistr. Brushes 9 2 1/4 10 Paint do. 5 3 Shoe do. 2 2 1/4 3 Labr. Baskets 3 9 1/2 2 Birch Brooms 11 1 Flasket 2 6 1 Hair Broom 2 6 1 Cloth Brush 2 2 1/2 Carried over 1 8 11 £ 1173 13 9 | The statement of goods sold to the Company’s servants continued from the total of £1,165 14s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,165 14s 11d Ironware brought forward, £1 8s 0¾d Emery paper, 2 sheets, £0 0s 3d Sandpaper, 1 sheet, £0 0s 1¼d Tinned iron locks with brass knobs, 2, £0 13s 6½d Scythe stones, 6, £0 1s 3d HL hinges, 3 pairs, £0 6s 3¼d Hand hatchet, 1, £0 1s 10¾d Iron shovel, 1, £0 4s 10¼d Sickle, 1, £0 1s 0¾d Files, 11, £0 5s 6d Brass chair nails, 750, £0 2s 0¾d Maul, 1, £0 10s 7d Axe handles, 4, £0 2s 7d Splinter locks, 2, £0 1s 1½d Leather drill strings, 2, £0 1s 2d Stock locks, 2, £0 6s 0d Spades, 2, £0 8s 3d Tinned iron lock, 1, £1 4s 3½d Barrack door lock with brass [...], 1, £0 8s 3d Garden rake, 1, £0 2s 6¾d Total for ironware, £6 9s 11d Wooden punch ladle, 1, £0 0s 7¾d Plasterers' brushes, 9, £0 9s 2¼d Paint brushes, 10, £0 5s 0d Shoe brushes, 3, £0 2s 2¼d Labourers' baskets, 3, £0 3s 9¼d Birch brooms, 2, £0 0s 11d Flasket, 1, £0 2s 6d Hair broom, 1, £0 2s 6d Clothes brush, 1, £0 2s 2½d Turnery carried forward, £1 8s 11d Carried forward, £1,173 13s 9d Interpretations Several of the hardware terms were trade names of the period. HL hinges were hinges shaped like the letters H and L, which held a door at its corner and stopped it from sagging. They were the usual fitting for panelled doors in Georgian houses. A stock lock had its works set in a block of wood fixed to the face of a door. It was the cheap, sturdy lock used on outer doors, stores and barracks. Scythe stones were whetstones for sharpening scythes in the field. Together with the sickle, they show that Company servants who held land were cutting their own grass and grain. A flasket was a long, shallow basket with two handles. It was used for carrying washing or for bringing in produce from the garden. The heading over the brushes, brooms and baskets placed them among turnery. A turner was the craftsman who shaped wooden handles, bowls and ladles on a lathe. The term came to cover all small wooden household goods, including brushes and baskets. The nine plasterers’ brushes went with the island’s steady building work. Lime plaster and whitewash were the usual finish on houses and Company buildings. They had to be renewed often against the damp of the island’s winter. The same need had shown up in the large sales of glass and paint recorded on the previous pages. | |
153 | 1770 Brought over £ 1173 13 9 Tin Ware viz. 7 Lamps 6 5 1 Pt. Funnel 6 1/4 2 Gall. Saucepans w. Covers 6 2 2 oz Salamoniac 3 1/2 1 Glass Lanthorn 1st size 3 7 1 do. do. 2 do. 4 2 1/4 1 double Sheet Tin 9 1/4 1 Watering Pot 4 2 1/4 1 8 4 Nails viz. 8 lb 2 7 8 4 3 3 4 97 4 3 6 8 142 6 4 8 9 49 10 1 5 6 1/4 30 1/2 20 1 2 1 35 1/2 40 17 9 1 Spikes 1 5 1 Barrack 4 1/2 3 1/4 Glazing Brads 6 10 1/2 33 Flooring do. 18 6 1/4 12 19 Hooks and Lines viz. 350 No. 1 Hooks 19 8 3/4 475 9 do. 13 1/2 25 11 do. 3/4 175 12 do. 2 11 1/4 450 14 do. 4 7 150 15 do. 1 1 1/4 200 16 do. 4 8 165 2 Lines 2 12 11 3/4 73 3 do. 1 9 3 9 4 do. 3 8 1/2 6 Log do. 6 7 6 Hambro do. 10 7 11 Carried over £ 1195 12 1 | The statement of goods sold to the Company’s servants continued from the total of £1,173 13s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,173 13s 9d Tin lamps, 7, £0 6s 5d Tin quart funnel, 1, £0 0s 6¼d Tin 2-gallon saucepans with covers, £0 6s 2d Sal ammoniac, 2 oz, £0 0s 3½d Glass lantern, first size, 1, £0 5s 7d Glass lantern, second size, 1, £0 4s 2¾d Double sheet of tin, 1, £0 0s 9¼d Tin watering pot, 1, £0 4s 2¼d Total for tinware, £1 8s 4d Twopenny nails, 8 lb, £0 7s 8d Threepenny nails, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d Fourpenny nails, 97 lb, £3 6s 8d Sixpenny nails, 142 lb, £4 8s 9d Tenpenny nails, 49 lb, £1 5s 6¼d Twentypenny nails, 30½ lb, £1 2s 1d Fortypenny nails, 33½ lb, £0 17s 9d Spikes, 4 lb, £0 1s 5d [...], 1, £0 0s 4½d Glazing brads, 3½ lb, £0 6s 10½d Flooring brads, 33 lb, £0 18s 6¾d Total for nails, £12 19s 0d Fish hooks no. 1, 350, £0 19s 8¾d Fish hooks no. 9, 475, £0 13s 0½d Fish hooks no. 11, 25, £0 0s 5¼d Fish hooks no. 12, 175, £0 2s 11½d Fish hooks no. 14, 450, £0 4s 7d Fish hooks no. 15, 150, £0 1s 1¾d Fish hooks no. 16, 300, £0 4s 8d Fishing lines no. 2, 165, £2 12s 11¾d Fishing lines no. 3, 78, £1 9s 3d Fishing lines no. 4, 9, £0 3s 8½d Log lines, 6, £0 6s 7d Hambro lines, 6, £0 10s 0d Total for hooks and lines, £7 11s 0d Carried forward, £1,195 12s 1d Interpretations The hooks and lines show how much the island relied on the sea for food. In one quarter the Company’s servants bought nearly 2,000 hooks and more than 250 fishing lines. The demand was heaviest for the large no. 1 hooks and the stout no. 2 lines, used for deep-water fish such as mackerel, albacore and cavalli off the rocky coast. Fresh meat was scarce and the herds were reserved for the garrison and the ships. Fish caught from the shore or from small boats was the everyday protein for settlers, soldiers’ families and slaves. Hambro line, named after Hamburg, was a small, tightly laid three-strand line used for lashings, while log lines were the knotted lines used to measure a vessel’s speed. Both were probably bought for the island’s boats. The nails were sold by the old English penny sizes. The size originally meant the price of a hundred nails, but by this date it marked their length alone. Twopenny nails were about an inch long, and fortypenny nails were stout spikes of about five inches. The heavy sales of fourpenny and sixpenny nails, almost 240 lb between them, matched the lighter carpentry of house building. That was work such as lathing, boarding and fixing window frames. Glazing brads held the glass in the sashes, and they went with the large sale of window glass on an earlier page. Sal ammoniac was ammonium chloride, used as a flux in soldering and in tinning copper pans. The small amount sold here probably went to a tinsmith repairing the island’s cooking pots. | |
154 | 16th April Brought over £ 1195 12 1 Shoes viz. 359 Pr. Mens ordinary 90 9 11 1/2 1 Pr. Boys 3 6 2 Pr. Womens Calamanco 8 3 1/2 5 Pr. Girls do. 16 7 91 18 6 Hosiers Ware viz. 166 Pr. Mens ordinary Thread Stockings 26 19 6 3 Black Worsted Breeches Pr. 1 9 3 2 Pr. Mens Wove Stockings 7 11 1 Pr. Womens do. 3 28 19 8 Shirts viz. 132 Soldiers Shirts 32 14 6 1 Ps. Irish Linnen 1 12 6 24 3/4 Yds. Brown Holland 2 10 6 36 17 6 Haberdashery viz. 1/2 Gro. White Waistcoat Buttons 1 3 7 Ps. Tape 4 4 1/2 3 Pr. Gold Garters 2 0 7 1/2 45 Skeins Silk 1 6 3 19 do. Mohair 9 6 6 1/2 doz. Mohair Ct. Buttons 4 10 1/2 1/2 do. do. Bt. do. 6 1/4 1 3/4 lb Whale Bone 12 5 1 Gro. Shirt Buttons 2 8 3 Cockades 1 3 1/2 doz. Silver wire Buttons 1 3 3/4 5 4 11 Long Cloth viz. 1/2 Ps. L 2 13 11 2 Ps. D 9 6 3 Ps. No. 8 9 2 3 3 Ps. 9 7 4 7 28 6 9 Masts 1 Sea Top Mast 7 14 Carried over £ 1394 13 5 | The statement of goods sold to the Company’s servants continued from the total of £1,195 12s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,195 12s 1d Men's ordinary shoes, 359 pairs, £90 9s 11½d Boys' shoes, 1 pair, £0 3s 6d Women's calamanco shoes, 2 pairs, £0 8s 5½d Girls' calamanco shoes, 5 pairs, £0 16s 7d Total for shoes, £91 18s 6d Men's ordinary thread stockings, 166 pairs, £26 19s 6d Black worsted breeches pieces, 3, £1 9s 3d Men's woven stockings, 2 pairs, £0 7s 11d Women's woven stockings, 1 pair, £0 3s 0d Total for hosiery, £28 19s 8d Soldiers' shirts, 132, £32 14s 6d Irish linen, 1 piece, £1 12s 6d Brown holland, 24¾ yards, £2 10s 6d Total for shirts and shirting, £36 17s 6d White waistcoat buttons, ½ gross, £0 1s 3d Tape, 7 pieces, £0 4s 4½d Women's gold garters, 3 pairs, £2 0s 7½d Sewing silk, 45 skeins, £1 6s 3d Mohair thread, 19 skeins, £0 9s 6d Mohair coat buttons, 6½ dozen, £0 4s 10½d Mohair breast buttons, 1½ dozen, £0 0s 6¾d Whalebone, 1¾ lb, £0 12s 5d Shirt buttons, 1 gross, £0 2s 6d Cockades, 3, £0 1s 3d Silver wire buttons, ½ dozen, £0 1s 3¾d Total for haberdashery, £5 4s 11d Long cloth marked L, ½ piece, £2 13s 11d Long cloth marked D, 2 pieces, £9 6s 0d Long cloth no. 8, 3 pieces, £9 2s 3d Long cloth no. 9, 3 pieces, £7 4s 7d Total for long cloth, £28 6s 9d Teak topmast, 1, £7 14s 0d Carried forward, £1,394 13s 5d Interpretations The shoes, stockings and shirts show the warehouse clothing the garrison. Men’s ordinary shoes ran to 359 pairs, with 166 pairs of thread stockings and 132 ready-made soldiers’ shirts, all sold in a single quarter. These were not chosen freely by settlers. They were the standard issue for the soldiers, who paid for their own clothing out of their wages. The cost was stopped from their pay when the paymaster settled the quarter’s accounts. Shoes wore out fast on the island’s steep, stony paths, which explains why shoes alone cost more than £90. Each sale came back to the Company as a deduction from wages it had already booked as paid, so the warehouse and the pay list worked as one system. Long cloth was a plain, close-woven cotton from the Coromandel coast of India. It took its name from its unusual length, often around 36 yards to the piece. The Company graded and marked each bale at the Madras warehouses with letters and numbers for quality, which explains the entries marked L and D and the numbered sorts. It was bleached and used for shirts, sheets, linings and household linen. On St Helena it competed with the European linens on the same page. Brown holland was an unbleached Dutch linen, used for working clothes and blinds. Irish linen was the finer white cloth for gentlemen’s shirts. Several smaller items came from the haberdasher. Calamanco was a glossy worsted woven with a satin face, often striped or brocaded, and used for women’s and girls’ shoe uppers. Mohair, the wool of the Angora goat, was spun into a strong, shiny thread and used to cover coat buttons. Whalebone was the springy baleen from a whale’s mouth, cut into strips to stiffen women’s stays and bodices. Cockades were knots of black ribbon worn on the hat as a soldier’s or officer’s badge of service. The single teak topmast was the costliest single article on the page. It was Indian timber, prized because it did not rot, and was perhaps sold for one of the island’s boats or for a passing ship that had lost a spar. | |
155 | 1770 Brought over £ 1394 13 5 Broad Cloth viz. 1 1/2 Yards Blue 1 9 9 2 1/2 Light Brown 2 5 10 3 dark do. 2 17 2 3/4 Lead Colour 2 12 3 2 1/4 Scarlet 2 9 6 11 14 4 Deals viz. 7 Single 15 2 7 Double 1 4 1 Wainscot Board 7 3 2 6 5 Cutlery Ware viz. 8 Horn Combs 1 10 14 Buckling do. 4 8 4 Fine Ivory do. 12 2 1 Horse do. 3 1/2 22 Pr. Leather Garters 15 1 1/2 1 doz. Stag Horn handle Knives and Forks 11 1 1/2 10 Butchers Knives 5 2 Shoe do. 9 1/4 2 11 Pewter 2 Close Stool pans 12 2 Pease 1/4 Bushel 2 7 Books viz. 1 Common Prayer 5 5 1/2 2 Speling 1 9 1/2 7 3 Serge viz. 6 1/4 Yds. Scarlet Sagathy 1 0 3/4 11 do. Blue Serge 3 4 2 1 1/2 do. Scarlet do. 10 11 1/2 4 15 5 Carried over £ 1417 2 7 | The statement of goods sold to the Company’s servants continued from the total of £1,394 13s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,394 13s 5d Blue broadcloth, 1½ yards, £1 9s 9d Light brown broadcloth, 2½ yards, £2 5s 10d Dark brown broadcloth, 3 yards, £2 17s 0d Lead-coloured broadcloth, 2¾ yards, £2 12s 3d Scarlet broadcloth, 2¼ yards, £2 9s 6d Total for broadcloth, £11 14s 4d Single deals, 7, £0 15s 2d Double deals, 7, £1 4s 0d Wainscot board, 1, £0 7s 3d Total for deals, £2 6s 5d Horn combs, 8, £0 1s 10d Buckling combs, 14, £0 4s 8d Fine ivory combs, 4, £0 12s 2d Horse comb, 1, £0 0s 3½d Leather garters, 11 pairs, £0 15s 1½d Stag-horn-handled knives and forks, 1 dozen, £0 11s 1¼d Butchers' knives, 10, £0 5s 0d Shoe knives, 2, £0 0s 9¼d Total for cutlery, £2 11s 0d Pewter close-stool pans, 2, £0 12s 2d Pease, ¼ bushel, £0 2s 7d Book of Common Prayer, 1, £0 5s 5½d Spelling books, 2, £0 1s 9½d Total for books, £0 7s 3d Scarlet sagathy, 6¼ yards, £1 0s 3¼d Blue serge, 11 yards, £3 4s 2d Scarlet serge, 1½ yards, £0 10s 11½d Total for serge, £4 15s 5d Carried forward, £1,417 2s 7d Interpretations The woollens on this page were the cloth of officers’ and gentlemen’s dress rather than soldiers’ issue. Broadcloth was a dense, heavily fulled woollen woven on a wide loom, mostly in the West of England. It was the cloth of the better coat, and here it sold at roughly 18s to 22s a yard. The scarlet and blue lengths were probably for officers’ uniforms, made up by the island’s tailors. The browns and the grey lead colour were sober civilian colours for Company officials. Sagathy was a light twilled worsted, sometimes mixed with silk. Serge was a hard-wearing twilled worsted, much cheaper than broadcloth, used for linings, waistcoats and working coats. Together with the scarlet shalloon on an earlier page, these lengths show that a red coat on St Helena was assembled piece by piece from the Company’s shelves. Several of the household goods would be unfamiliar now. A buckling comb was a long, wide-toothed comb used for setting the curls, or buckles, of a wig or of a soldier’s queued and powdered hair. That explains why 14 were sold against only eight ordinary horn combs. A close-stool pan was the removable pewter bowl of a close-stool, the boxed chamber pot of the period, set in a wooden chair with a lid. Shoe knives were the short, broad-bladed knives used by shoemakers to cut leather. They went with the sole leather and calfskins sold earlier, which suggests a shoemaker on the island was repairing as well as selling the warehouse’s shoes. The two spelling books and the Book of Common Prayer were the only books sold in the quarter. The school had lost its master when Richard Beale senior, judge advocate and schoolmaster, died on 7 October 1769. The spelling books suggest that some island children were still being taught to read at home or by whoever had taken over the school. | |
156 | 16th April Brought over £ 1417 2 7 Braziers Ware viz. 2 Three qt. Tea Kettles 1 7 2 1/4 Brass wire 10 £ 1 8 £ 1418 10 7 Sold to the Planters at 25 p Cent Thread 1/2 Whited Brown 4 3 Blankets 1 Fine 13 2 Hats 1 Mens Fine 1 1 10 Serge viz. 2 1/2 Yds. Scarlet 1 0 8 3/4 4 do. Blue 1 6 5 1/2 2 7 2 Haberdashery viz. 4 Hair Stocks 4 4 Skeins Silk 3 3 do. Mohair 1 9 8 9 Canvas 4 Yds. English 6 6 Shirts 1 1/2 Ps. Irish Linnen 2 15 5 Broad Cloth viz. 2 1/2 Yds. dark Brown 2 14 2 1/4 do. Pompadore 2 14 6 1/2 do. Black 6 10 11 18 Shalloon 2 1/4 Yds. Scarlet 7 Long Cloth 1 Ps. No. 8 3 8 11 Shoes viz. 1 Pr. Boys 3 11 1/2 2 Pr. Mens Ordinary 11 5 1/2 15 5 Carried over £ 24 6 5 | The statement of sales to the Company’s servants ended with brazier’s goods. A second statement followed, covering goods sold to the planters at cost plus 25%. Brought forward, £1,417 2s 7d Brass tea kettles holding three quarts, 2, £1 7s 2d Brass wire, ¼ lb, £0 0s 10d Total for brazier's goods, £1 8s 0d Total sold to the Company's servants, £1,418 10s 7d Goods sold to the planters at a 25% advance Whitened brown thread, ½ lb, £0 4s 3d Fine blanket, 1, £0 13s 2d Man's fine hat, 1, £1 1s 10d Scarlet serge, 2½ yards, £1 0s 8¾d Blue serge, 4 yards, £1 6s 5¼d Total for serge, £2 7s 2d Hair stocks, 4, £0 4s 0d Sewing silk, 4 skeins, £0 3s 0d Mohair thread, 3 skeins, £0 1s 9d Total for haberdashery, £0 8s 9d English canvas, 4 yards, £0 6s 6d Irish linen for shirts, ½ piece, £2 15s 5d Dark brown broadcloth, 2½ yards, £2 14s 0d Pompadour broadcloth, 2¼ yards, £2 14s 0d Black broadcloth, 6½ yards, £6 10s 0d Total for broadcloth, £11 18s 0d Scarlet shalloon, 2¼ yards, £0 7s 0d Long cloth no. 8, 1 piece, £3 8s 11d Boys' shoes, 1 pair, £0 3s 11½d Men's ordinary shoes, 2 pairs, £0 11s 5½d Total for shoes, £0 15s 5d Carried forward, £24 6s 5d Interpretations The warehouse charged two different prices for the same goods, depending on who was buying. The Company’s servants paid cost plus 10%, while the planters paid cost plus 25%. The difference shows clearly in the long cloth. A servant paid about £3 0s 9d a piece for no. 8 long cloth, while a planter paid £3 8s 11d for the same piece. That gap is exactly the ratio between the two mark-ups. The Company used the cheaper rate as a benefit of service, which kept its own officials and soldiers loyal and lowered the cost of keeping them on the island. The planters, many of them landholders who did not work for the Company, were treated more like customers. They still paid less than they would to a private trader, but the Company took a larger margin from them. The two totals show how far the warehouse served the Company’s own people. Servants bought £1,418 10s 7d of goods in the quarter, while the planters’ purchases so far came to just over £24. That was less than one pound in 50. Planters depended more on their own land, on private trade with passing ships and on dealers in James Town. The garrison and officials drew almost everything from the Company’s stores. A few terms on this page need a note. Pompadour was a fashionable crimson-pink shade named after Madame de Pompadour, the mistress of Louis XV. It was a colour for a gentleman’s coat rather than a working one. A hair stock was a stiffened neckband of woven horsehair, fastened behind with a buckle, worn in place of a cravat by soldiers and civilians alike. The black broadcloth, the largest single purchase on the planters’ list, was probably for mourning dress. Black cloth was bought by the yard for that purpose after a death in a household. | |
157 | 1770 Brought over £ 24 6 5 Sold at 40 p Cent Sugar and Candy viz. 252 lb Sugar 5 5 43 lb Candy 1 8 6 13 Flour 261 lb 3 5 3 Rice 443 lb 2 5 4 Salt 1 3/4 Bushel 7 5 Pepper 8 lb 4 6 Oil 3/4 Gall. Train 14 10 Cordage 45 3/4 lb 1 1 11 Tea viz. 2 lb Bohea 2 1 3 lb Congo 5 3 7 4 Soap 11 lb 9 2 Candles 32 lb 5 2 8 Iron Pots 1 Wt. 67 lb 18 2 Twine 2 Skeins 1 8 Oars 1 3 11 Coffee 4 lb 4 8 Iron Ware viz. 1 Cupboard Lock 4 1 Pad do. 2 2 1 Splinter do. 9 1 Garden Rake 3 3 1/2 1 Claw Hammer 2 2 1/2 1 Iron rimd Lock w. Br. Knobs 8 8 18 Sail Needles 2 3 1/4 1/4 Tinned Tacks 9 1/2 1 4 2 Cutlery Ware viz. 3 Shoe Knives 1 6 1 Fine Ivory Comb 3 11 5 5 Carried over £ 47 15 10 | The statement continued with goods sold at cost plus 40%, carried on from the total of £24 6s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £24 6s 5d Goods sold at a 40% advance Sugar, 252 lb, £5 5s 0d Sugar candy, 43 lb, £1 8s 0d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £6 13s 0d Flour, 261 lb, £3 5s 3d Rice, 443 lb, £2 5s 4d Salt, 1¾ bushels, £0 7s 5d Pepper, 6 lb, £0 4s 6d Train oil, 3¼ gallons, £0 14s 10d Cordage, 45¾ lb, £1 1s 11d Bohea tea, 2 lb, £0 2s 1d Congo tea, 3 lb, £0 5s 3d Total for tea, £0 7s 4d Soap, 11 lb, £0 9s 2d Candles, 32 lb, £5 2s 8d Iron pot weighing 67 lb, 1, £0 18s 2d Twine, 2 skeins, £0 1s 8d Oar, 1, £0 3s 11d Coffee, 4 lb, £0 4s 8d Cupboard lock, 1, £0 4s 0d Padlock, 1, £0 2s 2d Splinter lock, 1, £0 0s 9d Garden rake, 1, £0 3s 3¼d Claw hammer, 1, £0 2s 2½d Tinned iron lock with brass knobs, 1, £0 8s 8d Sail needles, 18, £0 2s 3¼d Tinned tacks, ¼ lb, £0 0s 9½d Total for ironware, £1 4s 2d Shoe knives, 2, £0 1s 6d Fine ivory comb, 1, £0 3s 11d Total for cutlery, £0 5s 5d Carried forward, £47 15s 10d Interpretations This page adds a third and steepest price to the warehouse’s scale. The Company’s servants paid cost plus 10%, the planters 25%, and the buyers on this page 40%. The rates show in the same goods. Candles sold to servants on an earlier page cost 2s 6d a pound, while these 32 lb went for about 3s 2d a pound. That is close to the ratio between the 10% and 40% mark-ups. The page does not name the buyers charged at 40%. The rate was presumably meant for those with the weakest claim on the Company, such as ship’s officers, passengers or island residents outside both the service and the landholding planters. Selling at that rate let the Company take full advantage of its near-monopoly over imported stores without raising the cost of keeping its own garrison. Even at 40% the Company did not cut off this trade. The buyers took everyday necessities such as flour, rice, salt, soap, candles and a cooking pot, not only luxuries. There was no other reliable supply of these goods on a remote island between ships. The higher mark-up was the price of access rather than a bar to it. Sail needles, cordage, an oar and twine among the purchases suggest that some of these buyers were seamen or boat owners refitting from the Company’s stock. | |
158 | 16th April Brought over £ 47 15 10 Paint viz. 3 1/4 lb Indico 9 1/2 2 Red Lead 9 1/2 1 Barl. Blacking 9 10 8 Hooks and Lines viz. 125 No. 1 25 9 25 12 130 14 250 16 Hooks 9 1 6 1/4 2 1 10 1/2 6 2 6 3 3 Log 3 Hambro Lines 2 3 1/2 2 10 1/2 4 3 10 10 1 14 10 Turners Ware 4 Plaistr. Brushes 3 4 Braziers Ware 1 lb Brass wire 4 3 Tin Ware viz. 1 Quart Tin Funnel 2 1/2 1 Glass Lanthorn 4th size 7 1 1/4 1 Tin Lamp 1 1 1/4 9 Nails viz. 1 lb 2 1 3 1/4 2 6 1 7 1/2 1 10 8 1/4 3 7 Deals viz. 12 Single 1 13 6 2 Double 8 9 2 2 3 Glass Ware viz. 4 Sqr. 10 by 12 6 4 2 Tumblers 2 1 8 5 Carried over £ 53 14 2 | The statement of goods sold at cost plus 40% continued from the total of £47 15s 10d brought forward. Brought forward, £47 15s 10d Indigo, 3⅜ lb, £0 9s 1½d Red lead, 2 lb, £0 0s 9½d Barrel blacking, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d Total for paint, £0 10s 8d Fish hooks no. 1, 125, £0 9s 0d Fish hooks no. 9, 25, £0 1s 0d Fish hooks no. 12, 25, £0 0s 6½d Fish hooks no. 14, 150, £0 2s 0d Fish hooks no. 16, 250, £0 1s 10½d Fishing lines no. 2, 6, £0 2s 3½d Fishing lines no. 3, 6, £0 2s 10½d Log lines, 3, £0 4s 3d Hambro lines, 3, £0 10s 10d Total for hooks and lines, £1 14s 10d Plasterers' brushes, 4, £0 3s 4d Brass wire, 1 lb, £0 4s 3d Tin quart funnel, 1, £0 0s 8½d Glass lantern, first size, 1, £0 7s 1¾d Tin lamp, 1, £0 1s 1¾d Total for tinware, £0 9s 0d Twopenny nails, 1 lb, £0 1s 3¼d Sixpenny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 7½d Tenpenny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 8¼d Total for nails, £0 3s 7d Single deals, 12, £1 13s 6d Double deals, 2, £0 8s 9d Total for deals, £2 2s 3d Window glass, 4 panes 10 by 12 inches, £0 6s 4d Glass tumblers, 2, £0 2s 1d Total for glass, £0 8s 5d Carried forward, £53 14s 2d Interpretations The same articles appear here and on the servants’ pages, so the two price scales can be compared directly. A first-size glass lantern sold to a Company servant for 5s 7d, but cost 7s 1¾d at the 40% rate. Single deals went to servants at a little over 2s each and to these buyers at 2s 9½d. Both differences come to about 27%, which is exactly the gap between adding 10% and adding 40% to the same base cost. The storekeeper was therefore working from a single cost price for each article and applying the buyer’s rate to it. That made the warehouse accounts easy to check, since the Council could test any line on any page against the cost price and the stated rate. | |
159 | 1770 Brought Over £ 53 14 2 Sold at 50 p Cent viz. Tar 1 Barrel 1 13 £ 55 7 2 Sold to the Honble. Company's Ships from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Cordage 647 lb 15 10 Oil viz. 40 Gall. Linseed 11 1 8 1/4 do. Oil of Turpentine 1 11 11 3 7 Twine 72 Skeins 3 Paint viz. 121 lb White Lead dry 2 18 11 85 Red Lead 1 13 10 28 Barls. Blacking 1 1 8 1/2 Prussian Blue 17 2 2 lb Vermillion 15 7 7 7 2 Pitch and Tar viz. 2 Barls. Pitch 3 2 8 4 do. Tar 6 4 9 6 8 Hooks and Lines viz. 42 No. 2 12 3 12 4 18 Log 3 deep Sea Lines 17 3 5 9 6 4 1 5 6 1 0 6 25 No. 1 25 9 100 14 25 15 25 16 Hooks 1 9 1/4 1 1/2 1 4 3 1/4 2 1/4 4 Carried over £ 50 7 5 | The statement of goods sold at cost plus 40% ended with the total of £53 14s 2d brought forward. One further sale was charged at cost plus 50%. Brought forward, £53 14s 2d Goods sold at a 50% advance Tar, 1 barrel, £1 13s 0d Total sold to buyers at 25%, 40% and 50%, £55 7s 2d The storekeeper next listed the stores supplied to the Company’s ships between 1 January and 31 March 1770. Cordage, 647 lb, £15 10s 0d Linseed oil, 40 gallons, £11 1s 8d Oil of turpentine, ¼ gallon, £0 1s 11d Total for oils, £11 3s 7d Twine, 72 skeins, £3 0s 0d White lead, dry, 121 lb, £2 18s 11d Red lead, 85 lb, £1 13s 10d Barrel blacking, 28 lb, £1 1s 8d Prussian blue, ½ lb, £0 17s 2d Vermilion, 2 lb, £0 15s 7d Total for paint, £7 7s 2d Pitch, 2 barrels, £3 2s 8d Tar, 4 barrels, £6 4s 0d Total for pitch and tar, £9 6s 8d Fishing lines no. 2, 42, £0 17s 3d Fishing lines no. 3, 12, £0 5s 9d Fishing lines no. 4, 12, £0 6s 4d Log lines, 18, £1 5s 6d Deep-sea lines, 3, £1 0s 6d Fish hooks no. 1, 25, £0 1s 9¾d Fish hooks no. 9, 25, £0 1s 0¼d Fish hooks no. 14, 100, £0 1s 4d Fish hooks no. 15, 25, £0 0s 3¾d Fish hooks no. 16, 25, £0 0s 2¾d Total for hooks and lines, £4 0s 0d Carried forward, £50 7s 5d Interpretations The Company’s own ships paid close to full price for what they took from the island’s stores. Four barrels of tar cost them £1 11s 0d a barrel. The single barrel sold at the top 50% rate fetched £1 13s 0d. That puts the ships’ price at roughly 40% above cost, the same rate charged to outside buyers, and far above the 10% given to the Company’s servants. The reason lay in how the ships were owned. Most Company ships were hired from private owners under charter parties, and the owners paid for their own stores and repairs. Supplies taken at St Helena were charged to the owners’ account and recovered in London. The island treasury had every reason to charge them in full, since the Company was not paying itself. The ships took the materials of refitting after a long passage. They bought cordage by the hundredweight, pitch and tar for the seams and rigging, and linseed oil and lead pigments to repaint hulls, masts and deck fittings. Vermilion was a brilliant red made from mercury sulphide, and it was costly. With the Prussian blue, it was probably used to touch up the carved and painted work on the stern and quarter galleries rather than for plain protection. Deep-sea lines were long, heavy lines with a weighted lead used to take soundings in deep water when approaching land. The log lines measured the ship’s speed. Both were standard equipment that wore out on every voyage. | |
160 | 16th April Brought over £ 50 7 5 Canvas viz. Ps. Yds. 1 15 English Canvas 5 1 3 Yds. 107 Ticklenburgs 6 16 7 11 17 10 Kersey 10 Yards Baize 1 5 3 Iron Ware viz. 13 Sail Needles 2 3 6 Bolt Rope do. 1 2 Claw'd Hammers 4 5 1 Pr. HL Hinges 2 10 1 Pr. Barrk. do. 2 4 12 10 Nails viz. 7 lb 2d. 8 10 3/4 19 4 16 8 15 6 16 5 1/4 10 10 7 1 10 20 5 8 7 lb Scupper 5 7 3 0 2 Glass Ware 1 Sqr. 10 by 15 1 9 £ 67 5 3 | The list of stores supplied to the Company’s ships continued from the total of £50 7s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £50 7s 5d English canvas, 1 piece of 15 yards, £5 1s 3d Tecklenburg canvas, 107 yards, £6 16s 7d Total for canvas, £11 17s 10d Kersey baize, 10 yards, £1 5s 3d Sail needles, 13, £0 2s 3d Bolt-rope needles, 6, £0 1s 0d Claw hammers, 2, £0 4s 5d HL hinges, 1 pair, £0 2s 10d Barrack hinges, 1 pair, £0 2s 4d Total for ironware, £0 12s 10d Twopenny nails, 7 lb, £0 3s 10¾d Fourpenny nails, 19 lb, £0 16s 8d Sixpenny nails, 15 lb, £0 16s 5¼d Tenpenny nails, 10 lb, £0 7s 1d Twentypenny nails, 10 lb, £0 5s 8d Scupper nails, 7 lb, £0 5s 7d Total for nails, £3 0s 2d Window glass, 1 pane 10 by 15 inches, £0 1s 9d Total supplied to the Company's ships, £67 3s 3d Interpretations The ships drew on the island for the materials of running repairs rather than major refits. Tecklenburg and English canvas were bought to patch and replace worn sails. Bolt-rope needles were the heavy, three-sided needles used to stitch the roped edge of a sail to the canvas. Scupper nails were short nails with broad, flat heads. They fixed leather or lead flaps over the scupper holes that drained water from a ship’s deck, and held down canvas and sheathing. Kersey was a coarse, ribbed woollen cloth woven in narrow widths. Baize was a heavy napped woollen, used at sea for lining hatches, padding and making sea-coats. The total of £67 3s 3d for a whole quarter was modest. It suggests the Company’s ships came into the road in fair order and took from the warehouse only what had worn out on the passage from China or India. | |
161 | 1770 Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Starch 19 3/4 lb for Linnen 11 7 Arrack 119 Gall. for Sundrys Men employed in the Stores and Doctors Shop 17 9 3 Coals 63 Bushels for the Armr. Use 3 10 5 Iron 135 lb for do. 1 7 3 Cordage 3 lb for a Bell Rope 1 Candy 92 lb for the Groom Gardener and Doctors Shop 1 18 4 Soap 100 lb for Linnen 2 18 4 Tea 6 lb Bohea for the Groom and Gardener 4 2 Lead 7 lb Shott for the Castle 1 6 Challow 1 Ps. for Rubbers 8 3 Candles viz. 302 Castle 25 Doctors Shop 120 Council 30 Chaplain 54 3 2 Paint viz. 6 lb Blue Smalts 6 lb Indico for Linnen 10 1/2 10 1/2 1 lb Blacking 6 4 lb Chalk 1 1 0 10 Hooks and Lines viz. 150 No. 1 Hooks 50 9 do. 100 12 do. for the Gov. and Lieut. Gov. Fish. Men 7 8 1 5 1/4 1 6 Hooks and Lines Carried over £ 10 7 1/4 Carried over £ 83 14 1 | The storekeeper then listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to the general expenses account. Starch for the linen, 19¾ lb, £0 11s 7d Arrack for men employed in the stores and the doctor's shop, 119 gallons, £17 9s 3d Coals for the armourer's use, 63 bushels, £3 10s 5d Iron for the armourer's use, 145 lb, £1 7s 3d Cordage for a bell rope, 3 lb, £0 1s 0d Sugar candy for the groom, the gardener and the doctor's shop, 92 lb, £1 18s 4d Soap for the linen, 100 lb, £2 18s 4d Bohea tea for the groom and the gardener, 6 lb, £0 4s 2d Lead shot for the Castle, 3 lb, £0 1s 6d [...] for rubbing cloths, 1 piece, £0 8s 3d Candles for the Castle, 302 lb Candles for the doctor's shop, 25 lb Candles for the Council, 120 lb Candles for the chaplain, 30 lb Total for candles, £54 3s 2d Blue smalts for the linen, 6 lb, £0 10s 1½d Indigo for the linen, 6 lb, £0 10s 1½d Blacking, 1 lb, £0 0s 6d Chalk, 4 lb, £0 0s 1d Total for paint, £1 0s 10d No. 1 fish hooks for the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen, 150, £0 7s 8d No. 9 fish hooks for the same fishermen, 50, £0 1s 5¼d No. 12 fish hooks for the same fishermen, 100, £0 1s 6d Hooks and lines carried forward, £0 10s 7¼d Carried forward, £83 14s 1d Interpretations The general expenses account was where the Company paid the running costs of government. Everything on it went to keeping up the Castle and the households of the island’s rulers rather than to the garrison or the works. The candles were the largest item. More than 300 lb lit the Castle, and 120 lb went to the Council for its evening meetings and business. The chaplain received a fixed allowance as part of his place. Starch, soap, smalts and indigo for the linen were the laundry supplies of the Governor’s household and the Castle’s table and beds. The Governor and his deputy also kept fishermen whose hooks the Company supplied. A table that was fed partly from the sea at the Company’s expense was among the quiet benefits of office. The 119 gallons of arrack issued to men working in the stores and the doctor’s shop were part of their pay rather than a gift. Labourers, porters and hospital attendants were customarily given a daily allowance of spirits on top of their wages. Paying partly in arrack, bought cheaply from India, cost the Company far less than the same value in cash. At £17 9s 3d for the quarter it was the second-largest charge on the page. The candy, tea and sugar given to the groom and gardener worked the same way, as a wage in kind for servants of the Governor’s household. The candy for the doctor’s shop was probably used to make syrups and sweeten medicines. | |
162 | 16th April Brought over £ 83 14 1 Hooks and Lines brought over £ 10 7 1/4 30 No. 2 Lines 12 3 do. 1 Log do. 2 Hambro do. for the Fishermen 8 9 1/4 4 1 1 3 1 7 6 Iron Ware viz. 3 Farriers Rasps 1 Blue Casting Pot 1/4 Flour Emery 1/4 Borax 1 Pad Lock 36 Files 6 Rubber do. for the Armr. Use 4 7 9 1/2 3 1/4 3 6 1/4 1 6 1/4 15 9 1 12 1 Turkey Oil Stone 1 Taper Bitt 7 Rag Stones 3 Ash Helves 4 Augers 6 Gimblets 6 Claw Hammrs. 2 Saw setts for the Carpr. Use 8 10 3 1/4 2 5 3/4 2 11 11 4 2 3 9 3 1 1 1/4 4 17 1 Oil viz. 1 Gall. Oil of Turpentine 5 3 1/2 10 do. Train for the Castle and Lieut. Govr. House 1 12 6 1/4 do. Oil of Olives Armr. use 1 9 3 Bottles Florence do. and Doct. Shop 7 11 1/2 2 7 6 Canvas viz. 7 1/2 Yards Osnabrigs 4 do. Ticklenburgs for Packets 5 11 1/4 3 6 3/4 9 6 Carried over £ 92 15 8 | The list of stores charged to general expenses continued from the total of £83 14s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £83 14s 1d Hooks and lines brought forward, £0 10s 7¼d No. 2 fishing lines for the fishermen, 30, £0 8s 9¾d No. 3 fishing lines for the fishermen, 12, £0 4s 1d Log line for the fishermen, 1, £0 1s 0d Hambro lines for the fishermen, 2, £0 3s 0d Total for hooks and lines, £1 7s 6d Farriers' rasps for the armourer's use, 3, £0 4s 7d Blue casting pot for the armourer's use, 1, £0 0s 9½d Flour of emery for the armourer's use, ¼ lb, £0 0s 5¼d Borax for the armourer's use, ¼ lb, £0 3s 6¼d Padlock for the armourer's use, 1, £0 1s 6¼d Files for the armourer's use, 36, £0 15s 9d Rubber files for the armourer's use, 6, £1 12s 0d Turkey oilstone for the carpenters' use, 1, £0 8s 10d Taper bit for the carpenters' use, 1, £0 0s 3¾d Ragstones for the carpenters' use, 7, £0 2s 3¾d Axe handles for the carpenters' use, 3, £0 2s 1½d Augers for the carpenters' use, 4, £0 11s 4d Gimlets for the carpenters' use, 6, £0 2s 3d Claw hammers for the carpenters' use, 6, £0 9s 3d Saw sets for the carpenters' use, 2, £0 1s 1¼d Total for ironware, £4 17s 1d Oil of turpentine, 1 gallon, £0 5s 3½d Train oil for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 10 gallons, £1 12s 6d Olive oil for the armourer's use, ¼ gallon, £0 1s 9d Florence oil for the doctor's shop, 3 bottles, £0 7s 11½d Total for oils, £2 7s 6d Osnaburg canvas for packets, 7½ yards, £0 5s 11¼d Tecklenburg canvas for packets, 4 yards, £0 3s 6¾d Total for canvas, £0 9s 6d Carried forward, £92 15s 8d Interpretations The canvas for packets was used to wrap the Council’s letters and papers to the Court of Directors. Each homeward ship carried a packet of the island’s dispatches, accounts and copies of the consultations. They were sewn tightly in canvas, often tarred, to keep out seawater on a voyage of three months or more. The Company bore the cost under general expenses because the packets were the main link between the island’s government and its masters in London. Every account in this book, including the warehouse statement now being entered, would travel home in one of them. The armourer’s and carpenters’ tools show the kind of skilled work the Company paid for directly. The armourer kept the garrison’s muskets, bayonets and locks in repair, and also did general smithing. Borax was the flux used in brazing and soldering iron and brass. A blue pot was a crucible of black lead, or graphite, for melting brass and solder. Rubber files were heavy, coarse-cut files for taking down rough iron, which explains their price of over 5s each. Flour of emery was finely ground emery powder for polishing gun barrels and lock parts. A Turkey oilstone was a fine, hard whetstone from Asia Minor, the best stone of the period for putting an edge on carpenters’ chisels and plane irons. Ragstones were the coarser grinding stones used first, and saw sets were the notched tools for bending saw teeth into line. | |
163 | 1770 Brought Over £ 92 15 8 Twine viz. 4 Skeins Store Use 2 1 1/4 Cotton wick Castle 9 2 10 Tin Ware viz. 4 Double Sheets Tinn for Tinning 2 9 2 Glass Lanthorns 1st size Castle 10 2 12 11 Shirts 6 Ps. Irish Linnen for do. 8 17 3 Haberdashery 2 Sk. Silk for Fishermen 1 Nails viz. 1 lb 3 2 4 8 Coopers Rivets Coopers Use 1 6 1 3 4 4 1 Glaz. Brads for Packet Boxes 1 8 8 9 Corks 1 1/4 Shut 1 4 Turners Ware viz. 3 Mops 2 Scrubing Brushes for the Castle and Lieut. Govr. House 3 10 1/2 4 6 1/2 8 5 Thread viz. 1/2 Whited Brown 2 Card Nuns No. 38 for the Castle 3 5 2 7 6 China Ware viz. 4 Setts Octagon Dishes and Plates 5 3 8 12 do. Soup do. 5 10 4 Tureens and Dishes 1 6 8 China Ware Carried over £ 6 16 2 Carried over £ 103 14 2 | The list of stores charged to general expenses continued from the total of £92 15s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £92 15s 8d Twine for the stores' use, 4 skeins, £0 2s 1d Cotton wick for the Castle, ¼ lb, £0 0s 9d Total for twine, £0 2s 10d Double sheets of tin for tinning, 4, £0 2s 9d Glass lanterns, first size, for the Castle, 2, £0 10s 2d Total for tinware, £0 12s 11d Irish linen for shirts for the Castle, 6 pieces, £8 17s 3d Sewing silk for the fishermen, 2 skeins, £0 1s 0d Threepenny nails for the cooper's use, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d Fourpenny nails for the cooper's use, 2 lb, £0 1s 3d Coopers' rivets for the cooper's use, 3, £0 4s 4d Glazing brads for the packet boxes, 1 lb, £0 1s 8d Total for nails, £0 8s 9d Cork, 1¼ sheets, £0 1s 4d Mops for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 3, £0 3s 10½d Scrubbing brushes for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 2, £0 4s 6½d Total for turnery, £0 8s 5d Whitened brown thread for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 3s 5d Nuns' thread no. 38 for the Castle, 2 oz, £0 2s 7d Total for thread, £0 6s 0d China octagonal dishes and plates, 4 sets, £5 3s 8d China octagonal soup plates, 12, £0 5s 10d China tureens and dishes, 4, £1 6s 8d China carried forward, £6 16s 2d Carried forward, £103 14s 2d Interpretations The Company furnished the Governor’s and Lieutenant Governor’s households as well as paying their salaries. The Castle took six whole pieces of Irish linen, costing £8 17s 3d. That was enough for a large stock of shirts and household linen. It also took four sets of octagonal dishes and plates, a dozen soup plates and four tureens, plus mops, scrubbing brushes, thread and lanterns. All of it was charged to general expenses rather than paid for out of the officers’ own pockets. The Governor kept an open table for Council members, ships’ commanders and passengers, and the Court treated that hospitality as part of the cost of government. The china, bought at warehouse cost, made a well-laid table cheap to maintain. The glazing brads for the packet boxes show that the most important dispatches did not travel in canvas alone. They were packed in wooden boxes fitted with glazed panes or lids fastened with small brads. The boxes were then sewn into the tarred canvas bought for packets on the previous page. That double protection reflected how much the Company depended on its papers reaching London dry and intact. | |
164 | 16th April Brought Over £ 103 14 2 China Ware brought over £ 6 16 2 8 Baking Dishes 40 Octagon meat Plates 6 Sallad Dishes 6 Bowls 4 Guglets and Basons 4 Chamber Pots 24 half Pt. Cups and Saucers 24 Quarter do. and do. 12 Sneakers Castle 8 8 1 10 4 7 8 8 12 2 5 4 4 11 3 4 Deals 1 Single for Packet Boxes 2 Braziers Ware 2 Pr. Steel Snuffers Castle 6 8 Cutlery Ware 1 Chopping Knife Store Use 1 4 £ 115 7 6 Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st March 1770 Paint viz. 385 White Lead dry 8 Red do. 10 Chalk 3 Barls. Blacking 2 1/2 Copperas 1/2 Umber 6 oz Prussian Blue 2 Chocolate Color 3 Olive do. 9 Verdigrease for the Castle and Lieut. Govr. House 6 0 4 1 10 2 1/2 1 6 1/2 2 3 1/2 1 8 10 1/2 1 2 14 2 1 15 3 9 5 11 Carried over £ 9 5 11 | The list of stores charged to general expenses continued from the total of £103 14s 2d brought forward, and closed with the total for the quarter. Brought forward, £103 14s 2d China brought forward, £6 16s 2d China baking dishes for the Castle, 8, £0 8s 8d China octagonal meat plates for the Castle, 40, £1 10s 0d China salad dishes for the Castle, 6, £0 4s 0d China bowls for the Castle, 6, £0 7s 0d China guglets and basins for the Castle, 4, £0 8s 0d China chamber pots for the Castle, 4, £0 8s 0d China half-pint cups and saucers for the Castle, 24, £0 12s 2d China quarter-pint cups and saucers for the Castle, 24, £0 5s 4d China sneakers for the Castle, 12, £0 4s 0d Total for china, £11 3s 4d Single deal for the packet boxes, 1, £0 2s 0d Steel snuffers for the Castle, 2 pairs, £0 6s 8d Chopping knife for the stores' use, 1, £0 1s 4d Total charged to general expenses, £115 7s 6d The storekeeper next set out the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to the repairs account. White lead, dry, for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 385 lb, £6 0s 4d Red lead for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 8 lb, £0 1s 10d Chalk for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 10 lb, £0 0s 2½d Barrel blacking for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 3 lb, £0 1s 6½d Copperas for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 2½ lb, £0 2s 3½d Umber for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, ½ lb, £0 0s 1d Prussian blue for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 6 oz, £0 8s 10½d Chocolate-coloured paint for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 2 lb, £0 1s 2d Olive-coloured paint for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 8 lb, £0 14s 2d Verdigris for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 9 lb, £1 15s 3d Total for paint, £9 5s 11d Carried forward, £9 5s 11d Interpretations The storekeeper kept two separate accounts for what the Castle used. Tableware, linen, candles and household goods went to general expenses, which covered the running costs of government. Paint and building materials for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor’s house went to repairs. The distinction let the Court of Directors see at a glance what the Governor’s household consumed and what the Company spent on keeping its buildings standing. Repairs could be defended as protecting the Company’s property. Household supplies were the kind of expense the Directors watched more closely and might order cut. Verdigris was a green pigment made by corroding copper plates with vinegar or the residue of wine pressing. It was used for doors, shutters and railings, and it also discouraged mould and rot. At almost 4s a pound it was the dearest paint after Prussian blue, and the 9 lb bought here cost £1 15s 3d. The quantity of dry white lead, 385 lb, shows a full repainting of the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor’s house, probably timed for the drier months after the island’s summer. Steel snuffers were scissor-like tools with a small box on one blade. They trimmed and caught the charred wick of a tallow candle, which had to be cut every few minutes to stop it guttering and smoking. | |
165 | 1770 Brought over £ 9 5 11 Oil viz. 23 1/4 Gall. Linseed 1/8 do. Oil of Turpentine Castle and Lieut. Govr. House 4 19 10 1/2 4 7 1/2 5 4 6 Arrack 4 Gall. for the painters Employed at the Lieut. Govr. House 11 9 Twine 3 Sk. for the Castle 1 7 Rozin 1 lb do. 2 Turners Ware viz. 13 Paint Brushes 1 Plaister do. for the Castle and Lieut. Govr. House 6 6 1/2 11 1/2 7 6 Iron Ware viz. 1 Blank Key 2 doz. Wood Screws for the Lieut. Govr. House 7 1/2 8 1/2 1 4 Deals viz. 21 Single 6 double 1/2 Baulk for the Castle, Lieut. Govr. and Chaplains House 2 1 1 1/2 18 9 4 5 1/2 3 4 4 Bunting 1 Yd. White for the Lieut. Govr. House 6 Cordage 6 lb for Scaffolds for do. 1 11 Glass Ware viz. 2 Sqr. 11 by 17 1/2 3 do. 10 3/4 by 18 3/4 Lieut. Governr. House 2 8 4 6 8 Tin Ware 1 lb Solder do. 3 8 Nails viz. 15 lb 2d. 10 3 Castle, Lieut. Govr. House and Chaplains do. 12 9 1/4 7 6 Nails Carried over £ 1 0 3 1/4 Carried over | The list of stores charged to repairs continued from the total of £9 5s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £9 5s 11d Linseed oil for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 25¼ gallons, £4 19s 10½d Oil of turpentine for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, ⅞ gallon, £0 4s 7½d Total for oils, £5 4s 6d Arrack for the painters working at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 4 gallons, £0 11s 9d Twine for the Castle, 3 skeins, £0 1s 7d Rosin for the Castle, 1 lb, £0 0s 2d Paint brushes for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 15, £0 6s 6½d Plasterer's brush for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 1, £0 0s 11½d Total for turnery, £0 7s 6d Blank key for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 1, £0 0s 7½d Wood screws for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 2 dozen, £0 0s 8½d Total for ironware, £0 1s 4d Single deals for the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the chaplain's house, 21, £2 1s 1½d Double deals for the same houses, 6, £0 18s 9d Baulk of timber for the same houses, ½, £0 4s 5½d Total for deals, £3 4s 4d White bunting for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 1 yard, £0 0s 6d Cordage for scaffolding at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 6 lb, £0 1s 11d Window glass for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 2 panes 11 by 17½ inches, £0 2s 8d Window glass for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 3 panes 12¾ by 18¾ inches, £0 4s 0d Total for glass, £0 6s 8d Solder for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 4 lb, £0 3s 8d Twopenny nails for the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the chaplain's house, 15 lb, £0 12s 9¼d Threepenny nails for the same houses, 10 lb, £0 7s 6d Nails carried forward, £1 0s 3¾d Carried forward, sum not entered Interpretations Most of the repairs that quarter went into the Lieutenant Governor’s house. Scaffolding was put up with cordage, painters were kept at work with an allowance of arrack, and large new panes were fitted to the windows. The house also took a new key, screws and solder for its leads and gutters. Daniel Corneille’s residence was being refitted as a whole rather than patched. The Company met the full cost from its repairs account, since the house belonged to the Company and came with the office. A baulk was a squared beam of imported softwood, larger than a deal. Half a baulk was probably cut up for joists or lintels at the chaplain’s house, which shared in the quarter’s timber and nails. | |
166 | 16th April Brought over £ 19 9 10 Nails brought over £ 1 0 3 1/4 7 lb 4 12 6 8 10 1/2 Glazg. brads for the Castle, Lieut. Govr. and Chaplains House 4 4 1/2 6 9 3 8 1/4 10 1 16 £ 21 5 10 Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Flour 1369 lb 13 1 6 Arrack 72 Gallons 10 11 6 Beef and Pork viz. 48 Ps. Beef 8 13 48 Ps. Pork 6 8 15 1 Tea viz. 3 lb Bohea 3 5 14 lb Single 17 6 1 0 11 Salt 2 Bushels 6 Rice 509 lb 1 16 3 Coffee 20 lb 16 8 Pepper 10 lb 5 Sugar and Candy viz. 269 lb Sugar 3 7 3 330 lb Candy 11 0 10 14 8 1 £ 57 7 1 | The list of stores charged to repairs ended with the remaining nails. The total brought forward from the previous page was £19 9s 10d. Brought forward, £19 9s 10d Nails brought forward, £1 0s 3¾d Fourpenny nails for the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the chaplain's house, 7 lb, £0 4s 4½d Sixpenny nails for the same houses, 12 lb, £0 6s 9d Tenpenny nails for the same houses, 8 lb, £0 3s 8¾d Glazing brads for the same houses, ½ lb, £0 0s 10d Total for nails, £1 16s 0d Total charged to repairs, £21 5s 10d The storekeeper then listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to diet expenses. Flour, 1,369 lb, £13 1s 6d Arrack, 72 gallons, £10 11s 6d Salt beef, 48 pieces, £8 13s 0d Salt pork, 48 pieces, £6 8s 0d Total for beef and pork, £15 1s 0d Bohea tea, 5 lb, £0 3s 5d Singlo tea, 14 lb, £0 17s 6d Total for tea, £1 0s 11d Salt, 2 bushels, £0 6s 0d Rice, 509 lb, £1 16s 5d Coffee, 20 lb, £0 16s 3d Pepper, 10 lb, £0 5s 0d Sugar, 269 lb, £3 7s 3d Sugar candy, 530 lb, £11 0s 10d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £14 8s 1d Total charged to diet expenses, £57 7s 1d Interpretations The diet account paid for the Company’s public table at the Castle. The Governor and Council, the senior servants and visiting commanders and passengers dined there at the Company’s expense. Flour, salt meat, rice and spices made up the ordinary fare. The 72 gallons of arrack, the 530 lb of sugar candy and the large stock of sugar went mainly into punch. Punch was the standard drink of hospitality throughout the Company’s settlements, mixed from arrack, sugar, lime or lemon, and water. The candy alone cost more than the salt beef. Keeping the table well supplied was a deliberate cost of rule on an island where every passing captain and passenger expected to be entertained at the Castle. Charging it to a separate diet account let the Court see exactly what that entertaining cost each quarter. | |
167 | 1770 Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Tea 72 lb Bohea for the Barrk. and sevl. Guards 2 9 0 Candles 40 lb for the Officers on Duty 4 10 10 Oil 112 Gall. Train Barrk. and several Guards 19 3 6 Tin Ware 4 Lamps for do. 3 4 Turners Ware viz. 4 Bowls 3 Platters do. 4 3 3 4 7 7 Iron Ware viz. 3 Ash Helves 1 Hand Hatchet 1 Spring Rat Trap 2 Wood Axes do. 1 9 1 8 1/2 1 5 3/4 3 8 3 1/2 Corn Emery for cleang. small Arms 6 1 1/4 16 9 Twine 3 Sk. for Cotts 1 7 Deals viz. 62 Single 25 Double 11 Baulks for Cotts Coffins and Gd. Beds 6 1 5 3 18 2 4 17 2 14 16 9 Canvas Ps. Yds. 4 13 1/2 English for Cotts 11 1 6 Hats 12 Soldiers 1 8 Shirts 12 do. 2 14 Pork 243 Pieces for an Invalid and Defic. in weight of the pieces in serving the Garrison 32 8 Carried over £ 90 1 4 | The storekeeper next listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to the garrison. Bohea tea for the barracks and the several guards, 72 lb, £2 9s 0d Candles for the officers on duty, 40 lb, £4 10s 10d Train oil for the barracks and the several guards, 113 gallons, £19 3s 6d Tin lamps for the barracks and the several guards, 4, £0 3s 4d Wooden bowls for the barracks and the several guards, 4, £0 4s 3d Wooden platters for the barracks and the several guards, 3, £0 3s 4d Total for turnery, £0 7s 7d Axe handles for the garrison, 3, £0 1s 9d Hand hatchet for the garrison, 1, £0 1s 8½d Spring rat trap for the garrison, 1, £0 1s 5¾d Wood axes for the garrison, 2, £0 5s 8d Corn emery for cleaning small arms, 3½ lb, £0 6s 1¼d Total for ironware, £0 16s 9d Twine for cots, 3 skeins, £0 1s 7d Single deals for cots, coffins and bedsteads, 62, £6 1s 5d Double deals for cots, coffins and bedsteads, 25, £3 18s 2d Baulks of timber for cots, coffins and bedsteads, 11, £4 17s 2d Total for deals, £14 16s 9d English canvas for cots, 4 pieces of 13½ yards, £11 1s 6d Soldiers' hats, 12, £1 8s 0d Soldiers' shirts, 12, £2 14s 0d Salt pork for an invalid and to make up short weight in the pieces issued to the garrison, 243 pieces, £32 8s 0d Carried forward, £90 1s 4d Interpretations The largest charge on the page, £32 8s 0d for 243 pieces of pork, came from the way salt meat was rationed. Each soldier was entitled to a fixed weight of meat. The casks held pieces cut to a nominal standard, but brine, shrinkage and careless cutting at the packing house in England left many pieces short. When the storekeeper issued rations, the shortfall had to be made up with extra pieces, and the Company bore the cost. A small part went to an invalid soldier on a special allowance. Charging this to the garrison account rather than writing it off as wastage made the hidden cost of short-packed casks visible to the Court. That gave the Directors grounds to complain to their contractors at home. Several items show how the barracks were run. Cots were hanging canvas beds slung from wooden frames, used in the barracks and the hospital in place of hammocks. The canvas and twine bought for them went with the deals and baulks for bedsteads. The same timber also made coffins, a reminder that deaths in the garrison were regular enough to be charged as a routine supply. Corn emery was coarse-grained emery used to scour rust from musket barrels and bayonets in the island’s damp, salty air. The tea, train oil and lamps supplied the guard posts through the night, while candles were reserved for the officers on duty. | |
168 | 16th April Brought over £ 90 1 4 Nails viz. 2 lb 2d. 50 3 10 4 21 10 11 20 13 40 for making Cotts Coffins and Guard Beds 1 2 1/2 1 17 6 3/4 6 3 9 7 1/2 3 3 1/2 7 10 1/2 3 11 4 Shoes 12 Pr. Mens ordinary for Recruits 2 15 Hosiers ware 12 Pr. Thread do. Stockings do. 1 15 3 Blankets 8 fine do. 4 4 Iron Pots 1 Wt. 19 lb for the several Guards 3 7 Glass ware 1 Hour Glass do. 8 Arrack 10 Gall. for Muster drams 1 9 5 Soldiers Cloaths viz. 8 Soldiers Coats and Breeches 2 Drummers do. 1 Pr. do. Breeches for Recruits 11 12 8 6 11 2 1 Watch Coat Main Guard 16 6 19 0 4 Haberdashery viz. 1/4 Gro. Narrow Worsted Lace for Waistcoats 15 5 9 Hair Stocks for Recruits 6 5 1 1 10 Lines viz. 12 No. 2 for Whips 3 6 2 Hambro for Drum cords 3 6 6 £ 124 9 3 | The list of stores charged to the garrison continued from the total of £90 1s 4d brought forward, and closed with the total for the quarter. Brought forward, £90 1s 4d Twopenny nails for making cots, coffins and guard beds, 2 lb, £0 1s 2½d Threepenny nails for the same purpose, 50 lb, £1 17s 6¾d Fourpenny nails for the same purpose, 10 lb, £0 6s 3d Tenpenny nails for the same purpose, 21 lb, £0 9s 7½d Twentypenny nails for the same purpose, 21 lb, £0 8s 3½d Fortypenny nails for the same purpose, 18 lb, £0 7s 10½d Total for nails, £3 11s 4d Men's ordinary shoes for recruits, 12 pairs, £2 15s 0d Men's thread stockings for recruits, 12 pairs, £1 15s 3d Fine blankets for recruits, 8, £4 4s 0d Iron pot weighing 19 lb for the several guards, 1, £0 3s 7d Hourglass for the several guards, 1, £0 0s 8d Arrack for muster drams, 10 gallons, £1 9s 5d Soldiers' coats and breeches for recruits, 8 suits, £11 12s 8d Drummers' coats and breeches for recruits, 2 suits, with 1 further pair of drummers' breeches, £6 11s 2d Watch coat for the main guard, 1, £0 16s 6d Total for soldiers' clothing, £19 0s 4d Narrow worsted lace for waistcoats, ½ gross, £0 15s 5d Hair stocks for recruits, 9, £0 6s 5d Total for haberdashery, £1 1s 10d No. 2 lines for whips, 12, £0 3s 6d Hambro lines for drum cords, 2, £0 3s 0d Total for lines, £0 6s 6d Total charged to the garrison, £124 9s 3d Interpretations Recruits were treated differently from serving soldiers. A man already in the garrison bought his shoes, stockings and shirts at the warehouse, and the cost was stopped from his pay. A new recruit received a full outfit at the Company’s charge: coat and breeches, shoes, stockings, a hair stock and a fine blanket. The Council was then paying bounties of £6 to £10 a head to attract men off passing ships. A free kit added to the inducement and meant that a new man did not begin his service in debt to the warehouse. The two drummers’ suits match the island boys taken on as drummers. Edward Hayes, enlisted on 22 January 1770, was one of them. Drummers wore a distinctive coat, often in reversed colours, so their outfits were charged separately. Several items show the routines of discipline and guard duty. Muster drams were a tot of arrack served to the men when they paraded for the monthly muster. It was a small reward that helped ensure full attendance when the roll was called and the pay list checked. The hourglass marked the length of each sentry’s turn and the reliefs through the night. The watch coat was a heavy, shared greatcoat kept at the main guard for whoever stood the night watch in the wind and rain. The twelve no. 2 lines for whips were almost certainly the cords for a cat-o’-nine-tails. Flogging was the usual punishment for drunkenness, neglect of duty and desertion in the Company’s garrisons, and the Company supplied the means at its own cost. | |
169 | 1770 Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Rice 14531 lb 52 2 Arrack 317 3/4 Gall. 46 12 8 Soap 11 lb for ye Lieut. Gov. Servts. and Any. Blacks 6 5 Sugar 58 lb 14 6 Beef and Pork viz. 574 Ps. Beef 103 8 9 2350 Ps. Pork 313 6 8 416 15 5 Tea viz. 10 lb Bohea 6 10 1/2 2 Congo 2 6 1/2 9 5 Oil 4 Gall. Train 13 Pepper 5 lb for the Any. Blacks 2 6 Salt 1/4 Bushel do. 9 Pewter 1 Pt. Pot 2 Cutlery ware 3 Butchers Knives 1 4 Deals viz. 2 1/2 Baulks 5 Single Deals for the Black Hospital 1 2 1 9 10 1 11 11 Nails viz. 22 lb 6d. 3 20 6 40 for do. 12 4 1/2 3 2 2 7 1/2 18 2 Shoes 4 Pr. Mens Ordin. Serge 1/2 Ps. Fustain Canvas 10 Yds. Ticklenburgs Challow 1 Ps. Govr. Servts. 18 4 17 11 8 9 8 3 Carried over £ 523 3 4 | The storekeeper next listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to the account of the Company’s slaves. Rice, 14,381 lb, £52 2s 0d Arrack, 317½ gallons, £46 12s 8d Soap for the Lieutenant Governor's servants and the Angola slaves, 11 lb, £0 6s 5d Sugar, 58 lb, £0 14s 6d Salt beef, 574 pieces, £103 8s 9d Salt pork, 2,350 pieces, £313 6s 8d Total for beef and pork, £416 15s 5d Bohea tea, 10 lb, £0 6s 10½d Congo tea, 2 lb, £0 2s 6½d Total for tea, £0 9s 5d Train oil, 4 gallons, £0 13s 0d Pepper for the Angola slaves, 5 lb, £0 2s 6d Salt for the Angola slaves, ¼ bushel, £0 0s 9d Pewter pint pot, 1, £0 2s 0d Butchers' knives, 3, £0 1s 4d Baulks of timber for the slave hospital, 2½, £1 2s 1d Single deals for the slave hospital, 5, £0 9s 10d Total for deals, £1 11s 11d Sixpenny nails for the slave hospital, 22 lb, £0 12s 4½d Twentypenny nails for the slave hospital, 3 lb, £0 3s 2d Fortypenny nails for the slave hospital, 6 lb, £0 2s 7½d Total for nails, £0 18s 2d Men's ordinary shoes for the Governor's servants, 4 pairs, £0 18s 4d Serge for the Governor's servants, ½ piece, £0 17s 11d Tecklenburg canvas for the Governor's servants, 10 yards, £0 8s 9d Chelloe for the Governor's servants, 1 piece, £0 8s 3d Carried forward, £523 3s 4d Interpretations The Company’s slaves were by far the heaviest charge on the warehouse. In three months they consumed 2,924 pieces of salt beef and pork, over 14,000 lb of rice and more than 300 gallons of arrack. The total already exceeded £520, more than four times the garrison account. Salt meat and rice were their standing ration, issued in fixed weekly amounts. Arrack was given as a daily dram to keep men working on the fortifications, the roads and the landing places in all weathers. Because the slaves were the Company’s own property, every pound of their food and drink was a charge on its books. The account let the Court measure exactly what the island’s labour force cost to keep alive and at work. The entries also show distinctions among the slaves themselves. The Angola slaves received pepper, salt and soap separately. They were probably a recently landed group from West Central Africa, kept apart from the rest for a time and issued their own seasoning and soap while they settled. A slave hospital was being repaired or extended with timber and nails. Its upkeep was charged to the same account, since a sick slave represented lost labour the Company wanted back. The Governor’s household servants were slaves as well. Their shoes, serge, canvas and a piece of chelloe were charged here rather than to general expenses. Chelloe was a checked or striped cotton cloth woven on the Coromandel coast of India. It was cheap, hard-wearing and much used across the Company’s settlements to clothe slaves and servants. | |
170 | 16th April Brought over £ 523 3 4 Long Cloth 1/2 Ps. No. 9 4 6 Haberdashery viz. 2 doz. Mohair Ct. Buttons 3 doz. do. Bt. do. 5 Sk. Silk for Govr. Servts. 1 4 1 2 6 4 10 Shalloon viz. 1 Yard Scarlet 1 do. Pompadore do. 2 6 2 6 5 Iron Pots 1 Wt. 17 lb for the Black Square 3 3 Iron ware 1 Small Frying Pan 2 1 £ 524 3 Mallays Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Rice 356 lb 1 4 Sugar 76 lb 18 10 Beef 17 Ps. 3 1 4 Arrack 12 1/2 Gall. 1 16 9 Flour 24 lb 4 Salt 1/2 Bushel 1 6 Pepper 4 lb 2 Coffee 2 lb 1 8 Candles 18 lb 2 0 11 Soap 12 lb 7 Oil 2 Bottles Florence 5 4 Carried over £ 10 3 4 | The account of the Company’s slaves continued from the total of £523 3s 4d brought forward, and closed with the total for the quarter. Brought forward, £523 3s 4d Long cloth no. 9, ⅙ piece, £0 4s 6d Mohair coat buttons for the Governor's servants, 2 dozen, £0 1s 4d Mohair breast buttons for the Governor's servants, 3 dozen, £0 1s 0d Sewing silk for the Governor's servants, 5 skeins, £0 2s 6d Total for haberdashery, £0 4s 10d Scarlet shalloon for the Governor's servants, 1 yard, £0 2s 6d Pompadour shalloon for the Governor's servants, 1 yard, £0 2s 6d Total for shalloon, £0 5s 0d Iron pot weighing 17 lb for the Black Square, 1, £0 3s 3d Small iron frying pan, 1, £0 2s 1d Total charged to the Company's slaves, £524 3s 0d The storekeeper then listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to the account of the Malays. Rice, 336 lb, £1 4s 0d Sugar, 76 lb, £0 18s 10d Salt beef, 17 pieces, £3 1s 4d Arrack, 12½ gallons, £1 16s 9d Flour, 24 lb, £0 4s 0d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 6d Pepper, 4 lb, £0 2s 0d Coffee, 2 lb, £0 1s 8d Candles, 18 lb, £2 0s 11d Soap, 12 lb, £0 7s 0d Florence oil, 2 bottles, £0 5s 4d Carried forward, £10 3s 4d Interpretations The Governor’s household slaves were dressed in livery. Scarlet and pompadour shalloon, mohair coat and breast buttons and sewing silk were the materials of a servant’s coat in the colours of the house, made up by a tailor. Charging them to the slaves’ account rather than to general expenses kept the Castle’s household costs looking lower, while the Company still paid. The iron pot for the Black Square was a cooking pot for the slaves’ quarters. The square was probably the walled yard in James Town where the Company’s slaves were lodged and fed together. The Malays had their own account, apart from the Company’s other slaves. Their rations were different in kind as well as in scale. Alongside rice, salt meat and arrack, they received coffee, sugar, flour, candles, soap and Florence oil, none of which appear in the African slaves’ issues in such proportions. Malays had been brought to St Helena from the Company’s eastern settlements as slaves, and some were valued as skilled workers or household servants. A separate account with a richer ration suggests they held a higher place in the island’s hierarchy of unfree labour. It also points to the Company’s care to keep them apart from the larger body of slaves in the Black Square. | |
171 | 1770 Brought over £ 10 3 4 Tea viz. 1 lb Single 1 3 7 lb Bohea 4 10 6 1 Shoes viz. 1 Pr. Mens fine Pumps 5 1 Pr. do. Ordy. Shoes 4 7 9 7 £ 10 19 Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Rice and Paddy viz. 520 lb Rice for the Overseers Stewd. and Poultry 1 17 5519 lb Paddy for Horses and do. 10 2 2 11 19 2 Beef 10 Ps. for the Steward 2 6 11 Cordage 77 lb for tying Arbors 1 4 1 Twine 1 Skein 6 Oil 1/4 Train for the Stables 10 Tar 5 Gall. for the Carts 3 9 Deals 1 Baulk for the Fort Garden 8 10 Earthen ware 2 Milk pans for the Dairy 2 8 Iron Ware viz. 12 Ash Helves for the Plantations 7 18 Scythe Stones for the Gardens 3 4 1/2 14 lb Roll'd Iron for the Carts 5 3 3 Sheets Sand Paper for the Stables 3 1 Maul for the Gardens 9 7 1/2 1 5 6 Carried over £ 17 12 3 | The account of the Malays continued from the total of £10 3s 4d brought forward, and closed with the total for the quarter. Brought forward, £10 3s 4d Singlo tea, 1 lb, £0 1s 3d Bohea tea, 7 lb, £0 4s 10d Total for tea, £0 6s 1d Men's fine pumps, 1 pair, £0 5s 0d Men's ordinary shoes, 1 pair, £0 4s 7d Total for shoes, £0 9s 7d Total charged to the Malays, £10 19s 0d The storekeeper then listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to the plantation account. Rice for the overseer, the steward and the poultry, 520 lb, £1 17s 0d Paddy for the horses and the poultry, 5,519 lb, £10 2s 2d Total for rice and paddy, £11 19s 2d Salt beef for the steward, 10 pieces, £2 6s 11d Cordage for tying arbours, 77 lb, £1 4s 1d Twine, 1 skein, £0 0s 6d Train oil for the stables, ¼ gallon, £0 0s 10d Tar for the carts, 5 gallons, £0 3s 9d Baulk of timber for the Fort garden, 1, £0 8s 10d Earthenware milk pans for the dairy, 2, £0 2s 8d Axe handles for the plantations, 12, £0 7s 0d Scythe stones for the gardens, 18, £0 3s 4½d Rolled iron for the carts, 14 lb, £0 5s 3d Sandpaper for the stables, 3 sheets, £0 0s 3d Maul for the gardens, 1, £0 9s 7½d Total for ironware, £1 5s 6d Carried forward, £17 12s 3d Interpretations The plantation account covered the Company’s own farms and gardens. They had an overseer and a steward, and kept stables, carts, a dairy, poultry yards and gardens, including the Fort garden below the Castle. The Company farmed on its own account to supply fresh food for the Castle table, the hospital and the ships, and to raise cattle and horses for the island’s work. Paddy, the unhusked rice bought cheaply from India, was the main feed for the horses and fowls. More than 5,500 lb went that way in a single quarter. Grain could not be grown in quantity on the island, and the Company’s own pastures were kept for cattle, so imported paddy fed the livestock. The 77 lb of cordage for tying arbours suggests that the gardens trained vines or fruit trees on wooden frames. Grapes and other fruit were among the produce the Company hoped to raise on the island. | |
172 | 16th April Brought over £ 17 12 3 Nails viz. 6 lb 4d. 7 6 2 20 4 Dog for Pasture Gates 3 9 3 11 1/4 9 1/2 2 7 1/4 11 1 Lines viz. 6 No. 3 12 4 for the Gardens 2 4 6 6 6 Cutlery Ware viz. 6 Butchers Knives for the Butchers 2 7 1/2 2 Horse Combs for the Stables 6 1/2 3 2 £ 18 13 Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Sugar 359 lb 4 9 9 Flour 329 lb 2 19 10 Rice 359 lb 1 6 Salt 1 1/4 Bushel 3 5 Oil 8 3/4 Gall. Train 1 8 5 Tea 35 lb Bohea 1 4 1 Iron Ware 1 Ash Helve 7 Deals 1 Single 2 China Ware 6 Sneakers 2 Canvas 6 Yds. Osnabrigs 4 9 Twine 1/4 Cotton wick 9 Turners Ware viz. 4 Bowls 4 3 4 Platters 4 5 8 8 £ 12 10 3 | The plantation account continued from the total of £17 12s 3d brought forward, and closed with the total for the quarter. Brought forward, £17 12s 3d Fourpenny nails for the pasture gates, 6 lb, £0 3s 9d Sixpenny nails for the pasture gates, 7 lb, £0 3s 11¼d Twentypenny nails for the pasture gates, 2 lb, £0 0s 9½d Iron dogs for the pasture gates, 4, £0 2s 7¼d Total for nails, £0 11s 1d No. 3 lines for the gardens, 6, £0 2s 0d No. 4 lines for the gardens, 12, £0 4s 6d Total for lines, £0 6s 6d Butchers' knives for the butchers, 6, £0 2s 7½d Horse combs for the stables, 2, £0 0s 6½d Total for cutlery, £0 3s 2d Total charged to the plantation, £18 13s 0d The storekeeper next listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to the hospital. Sugar, 359 lb, £4 9s 9d Flour, 359 lb, £2 19s 10d Rice, 359 lb, £1 6s 0d Salt, 1⅛ bushels, £0 3s 5d Train oil, 8¾ gallons, £1 8s 5d Bohea tea, 35 lb, £1 4s 1d Axe handle, 1, £0 0s 7d Single deal, 1, £0 2s 0d China sneakers, 6, £0 2s 0d Osnaburg canvas, 6 yards, £0 4s 9d Cotton wick, ¼ lb, £0 0s 9d Wooden bowls, 4, £0 4s 3d Wooden platters, 4, £0 4s 5d Total for turnery, £0 8s 8d Total charged to the hospital, £12 10s 3d Interpretations The hospital’s stores show that the sick were taken off the ordinary ration. Soldiers in health lived largely on salt beef and pork, but the hospital drew no salt meat at all in the quarter. Instead it received sugar, flour, rice and Bohea tea, the makings of a light diet for patients: rice gruel, flour panada, sweetened tea and broths made with fresh meat bought locally. Salt meat was thought to worsen scurvy and fevers, and keeping it from the sick was standard practice in the Company’s hospitals. The six china sneakers were probably used to serve each patient his tea or medicine. The 8¾ gallons of train oil kept lamps burning through the night in the wards. Iron dogs were short, U-shaped iron bars with pointed ends, driven into two timbers to hold a joint together. On the pasture gates they braced the corners of the frames against cattle pushing through. The lines charged to the gardens were not for fishing. They were probably used to set out straight rows for planting and to stretch between stakes as guides for hedges and beds. | |
173 | 1770 Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Deals viz. 13 Single 1 5 3 1/2 6 Double 18 9 1/2 9 Elm Boards 1 16 6 Baulks 2 13 6 13 3 Pitch and Tar viz. 2 Barl. Pitch 2 4 8 3 do. Tar 3 6 37 lb Rozin 8 4 5 19 Oil viz. 1/4 Gall. Linseed 1 20 Train 3 5 3 6 Nails viz. 9 lb 2d. 7 8 3/4 6 3 4 6 16 4 10 26 6 14 7 1/2 46 10 1 1 1 24 20 9 6 1/4 8 40 3 6 3 10 11 Turners Ware 2 Paint Brushes 11 Oars 4 11 Paint viz. 2 lb Chocolate Color 1 2 2 Chalk 1/2 3 lb Blacking 1 6 1/4 77 lb Brimstone 16 1/4 18 10 Carried over £ 20 19 11 | The storekeeper next listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to the boats. Single deals, 13, £1 5s 3½d Double deals, 6, £0 18s 9½d Elm boards, 9, £1 16s 0d Baulks of timber, 6, £2 13s 0d Total for deals, £6 13s 3d Pitch, 2 barrels, £2 4s 8d Tar, 3 barrels, £3 6s 0d Rosin, 37 lb, £0 8s 4d Total for pitch and tar, £5 19s 0d Linseed oil, ¼ gallon, £0 1s 0d Train oil, 20 gallons, £3 5s 0d Total for oils, £3 6s 0d Twopenny nails, 9 lb, £0 7s 8¼d Threepenny nails, 6 lb, £0 4s 6d Fourpenny nails, 16 lb, £0 10s 0d Sixpenny nails, 26 lb, £0 14s 7½d Tenpenny nails, 46 lb, £1 1s 1d Twentypenny nails, 24 lb, £0 9s 6¼d Fortypenny nails, 8 lb, £0 3s 6d Total for nails, £3 10s 11d Paint brushes, 2, £0 0s 11d Oars, 4, £0 11s 0d Chocolate-coloured paint, 2 lb, £0 1s 2d Chalk, 2 lb, £0 0s 0½d Blacking, 3 lb, £0 1s 6¾d Brimstone, 77 lb, £0 16s 0¾d Total for paint, £0 18s 10d Carried forward, £20 19s 11d Interpretations The boats were the Company’s workhorses at the landing. Every cask, bale and passenger moved between the ships in the road and the shore in them, since no vessel of any size could come alongside at James Town. Keeping them sound was therefore a standing charge. Elm boards were chosen for the planking below the waterline because elm resists rot when kept constantly wet. The deals and baulks went into thwarts, frames and repairs above it. The large quantity of brimstone, or sulphur, was melted with pitch, tar and rosin to make the hot coating spread over a boat’s bottom. The mixture sealed the seams and was believed to deter shipworm and weed in the warm waters of the road. Charging the boats as a separate account let the Council show the Court what the landing service cost to maintain, quarter by quarter. | |
174 | 16th April Brought Over £ 20 19 11 Twine 15 Skeins 7 10 Arrack 14 Gallons 2 1 2 Cordage 872 lb 13 12 6 Leather 19 lb Sole 18 7 Iron 135 lb 1 7 3 Iron Ware viz. 1 lb Tinnd Tacks 2 3 1 Wood Ax 2 10 5 1 Tin Ware 1 Single Sheet Tin 4 Iron Pots 2 Wt. 65 lb 12 3 Canvas 3 Ps. English 7 11 1 £ 47 16 Mundens Point Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Cordage 32 lb 10 Iron 66 lb 12 5 Thread 1 lb Colord 3 2 Iron Ware viz. 1 Stock Lock 2 8 1/2 2 Splinter do. 1 1/2 1 Pad do. 1 6 1/2 1 Iron rimd do. w. Brass Knobs 7 6 6 Brick Layers Trowels 8 1 1/2 14 Ash Helves 8 2 2 Pr. Cross Garnet Hinges 14 4 2 3 5 Deals viz. 48 double 7 10 2 Baulks 17 8 8 7 8 Carried Over £ 11 19 5 | The boats account continued from the total of £20 19s 11d brought forward, and closed with the total for the quarter. Brought forward, £20 19s 11d Twine, 15 skeins, £0 7s 10d Arrack, 14 gallons, £2 1s 2d Cordage, 872 lb, £13 12s 6d Sole leather, 19 lb, £0 18s 7d Iron, 145 lb, £1 7s 3d Tinned tacks, 1 lb, £0 2s 3d Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 10d Total for ironware, £0 5s 1d Single sheet of tin, 1, £0 0s 4d Iron pots weighing 65 lb, 2, £0 12s 3d English canvas, 3 pieces, £7 11s 1d Total charged to the boats, £47 16s 0d The storekeeper then listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to Munden's Point. Cordage, 32 lb, £0 10s 0d Iron, 60 lb, £0 12s 5d Coloured thread, 1 lb, £0 3s 2d Item not named, £0 2s 9d Stock lock, 1, £0 2s 8½d Splinter locks, 2, £0 1s 0½d Padlock, 1, £0 1s 6½d Tinned iron lock with brass knobs, 1, £0 7s 6d Bricklayers' trowels, 6, £0 8s 1½d Axe handles, 14, £0 8s 2d Cross garnet hinges, 2 pairs, £0 14s 4d Total for ironware, £2 3s 5d Double deals, 48, £7 10s 0d Baulks of timber, 2, £0 17s 8d Total for deals, £8 7s 8d Carried forward, £11 19s 5d Interpretations The stores for Munden’s Point were the materials for the new magazine. After Daniel Armin was killed there on 5 October 1769, the Council resolved on 13 October 1769 to give up the rock magazine and build one of masonry. The bricklayers’ trowels, the 48 double deals and the baulks for floors, roof and door frames fit that work. So do the cross garnet hinges and the four locks. Cross garnet hinges had a long iron strap on the door and a short upright plate on the frame, forming a T. They were the standard fitting for heavy plank doors. A powder magazine needed a stout door hung to bear its weight and secured with more than one lock, so that no single key-holder could open it alone. The boats used rope in great quantity. In three months they drew 872 lb of cordage, worth £13 12s 6d, the largest single item in their account. The landing at James Town lay open to the swell, and boats had to be held off the rocks by warps and grapnels while they loaded and unloaded. The ropes chafed through quickly and had to be renewed constantly. The sole leather was probably cut into collars for the oars and gaskets for pumps. The 14 gallons of arrack were the boatmen’s dram for hard and wet work at the landing. | |
175 | 1770 Brought Over £ 11 19 5 Nails viz. 2 lb 3d. 1 6 4 4 2 6 12 6 6 9 20 10 9 2 6 20 2 4 1/2 8 Flooring Brads 4 1 Glaz. do. 1 8 6 Dog Nails 3 10 1/2 1 11 10 Paint viz. 3 lb Chalk 1/2 4 Pearl Color 1 8 19 Bl. Blacking 9 10 1/2 2 Copperas 1 11 1/2 30 W. Lead dry 9 5 1 3 Oil viz. 6 1/2 Gall. Linseed 1 5 8 1/2 1/4 do. Turpentine 1 4 1/2 1 7 1 Turners Ware viz. 2 Plaistr. Brushes 1 10 4 Labr. Baskets 4 6 6 4 Bunting viz. 1 Ps. Blue 1 5 8 1 do. White 1 2 2 7 8 Lines viz. 6 No. 4 2 3 1 Hambro 1 6 3 9 £ 18 19 1 | The account for Munden's Point continued from the total of £11 19s 5d brought forward, and closed with the total for the quarter. Brought forward, £11 19s 5d Threepenny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d Fourpenny nails, 4 lb, £0 2s 6d Sixpenny nails, 12 lb, £0 6s 9d Tenpenny nails, 20 lb, £0 9s 2d Twentypenny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 4½d Flooring brads, 8 lb, £0 4s 0d Glazing brads, 1 lb, £0 1s 8d Dog nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 10½d Total for nails, £1 11s 10d Chalk, 3 lb, £0 0s 0¾d Pearl-coloured paint, 4 lb, £0 1s 8d Barrel blacking, 19 lb, £0 9s 10¾d Copperas, 2 lb, £0 1s 11½d White lead, dry, 30 lb, £0 9s 5d Total for paint, £1 3s 0d Linseed oil, 6½ gallons, £1 5s 8¾d Oil of turpentine, ¼ gallon, £0 1s 4¼d Total for oils, £1 7s 1d Plasterers' brushes, 2, £0 1s 10d Labourers' baskets, 4, £0 4s 6d Total for turnery, £0 6s 4d Blue bunting, 1 piece, £1 5s 8d White bunting, 1 piece, £1 2s 0d Total for bunting, £2 7s 8d No. 4 lines, 6, £0 2s 3d Hambro line, 1, £0 1s 6d Total for lines, £0 3s 9d Total charged to Munden's Point, £18 19s 1d Interpretations The flooring brads, glazing brads, plaster brushes and paint show the new magazine at Munden’s Point being finished inside. It had a boarded floor, a glazed light and plastered and painted walls. The two whole pieces of blue and white bunting were the largest single charge on the page. They were far more than repairs to an existing flag would need. They were probably cut into new signal flags for the battery at Munden’s Point. It overlooked the road, and signals from there would have reported arriving ships to the Castle and passed orders to vessels at anchor. Dog nails were heavy nails with a thick, flat head, used to fix iron fittings and hinge straps into timber. They were suited to the magazine’s door frames. | |
176 | 16th April Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Twine 39 Sk. for mendg. Lime Bags 1 4 Iron 393 lb 3 14 7 Cordage 8 lb for the Quarry 2 6 Candles 1 lb for mendg. Lime Bags 2 3 Turners Ware 6 Paint Brushes 2 8 Thread 2 lb Colord for making Flags 6 2 Deals 1 Elm Board for Wheel Barrows 4 Canvas 6 Yards Osnabrigs Lines 1 Hambro for makg. Flags 4 9 1 6 Paint viz. 120 W. Lead dry 20 Bl. Blacking 4 lb Red Lead 12 Pearl Color 1 Copperas for paintg. Gun Carriages 1 17 6 10 5 11 5 1 2 14 10 Iron Ware viz. 1 lb Tinnd Tacks Artillery Use 2 3 6 Ash Helves Quarry 3 6 1 Iron Rubbish Riddle 7 3/4 2 Stone Saws Quarry 7 11 1 Blank Key 7 1/4 1 1 4 Oil viz. 11 Gall. Linseed to paint Gun Carr. 2 3 6 1/2 3/4 do. Train for the Quarry 2 5 1/2 1 Bottle Florence Artillery Use 2 8 2 8 8 Nails viz. 6 lb 4d. 6 6 for Repairg. W. Barrows 2 6 3 5 5 11 Carried over £ 12 9 7 | The storekeeper next listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to the fortifications. Twine for mending lime bags, 39 skeins, £1 0s 4d Iron, 393 lb, £3 14s 7d Cordage for the quarry, 8 lb, £0 2s 6d Candles for mending lime bags, 1 lb, £0 2s 3d Paint brushes, 6, £0 2s 8d Coloured thread for making flags, 2 lb, £0 6s 2d Elm board for wheelbarrows, 1, £0 4s 0d Osnaburg canvas for making flags, 6 yards, £0 4s 9d Hambro line for making flags, 1, £0 1s 6d White lead, dry, for painting gun carriages, 120 lb, £1 17s 6d Barrel blacking for painting gun carriages, 20 lb, £0 10s 5d Red lead for painting gun carriages, 4 lb, £0 0s 11d Pearl-coloured paint for painting gun carriages, 12 lb, £0 5s 0d Copperas for painting gun carriages, 1 lb, £0 1s 0d Total for paint, £2 14s 10d Tinned tacks for the artillery's use, 1 lb, £0 2s 3d Axe handles for the quarry, 6, £0 3s 6d Iron rubbish riddle, 1, £0 7s 0¾d Stone saws for the quarry, 2, £0 7s 11d Blank key, 1, £0 0s 7¼d Total for ironware, £1 1s 4d Linseed oil for painting gun carriages, 11 gallons, £2 3s 6½d Train oil for the quarry, ¾ gallon, £0 2s 5½d Florence oil for the artillery's use, 1 bottle, £0 2s 8d Total for oils, £2 8s 8d Fourpenny nails for repairing wheelbarrows, 6 lb, £0 2s 6d Sixpenny nails for repairing wheelbarrows, 6 lb, £0 3s 5d Total for nails, £0 5s 11d Carried forward, £12 9s 7d Interpretations The fortifications account shows the walls and batteries being built with stone cut on the island itself. The quarry drew stone saws, axe handles, cordage and oil for its lamps. The lime bags, mended with 39 skeins of twine, carried burnt lime from the kilns to the masons for mortar. On 12 February 1770 the Council had ordered the walls at Lemon Valley built, and it had already been short of suitable stone for the gun platforms. Cutting more stone locally was the way round waiting for supplies by sea. The iron rubbish riddle was a coarse sieve used to screen sand and rubble for the mortar and to clear spoil from the works. The guns’ wooden carriages were given a thorough painting. Over 130 lb of pigment and 11 gallons of linseed oil went to them that quarter. Carriages stood in the open on the batteries, exposed to sun, salt spray and the island’s damp winter. Unpainted, their timber split and rotted within a few years, and a gun on a decayed carriage could not be fired safely. The Florence oil for the artillery was probably used to oil the locks and elevating screws. The osnaburg, coloured thread and hambro line went into flags for the batteries, which matched the bunting issued to Munden’s Point. | |
177 | 1770 Brought Over £ 12 9 7 Bunting viz. 2 Ps. Blue 2 Ps. White 1 Ps. Red for making Flags 2 11 4 2 4 1 11 2 6 6 6 £ 18 16 1 James's Valley Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Cordage 435 lb 6 15 11 Iron 139 lb 1 15 5 Turners Ware 18 Labr. Baskets 1 0 3 Iron Ware viz. 4 Stone Saws 15 10 1 Stock Lock 2 8 1/2 12 Ash Helves 7 1 Figured Square 1 3 8 Masons Boaster and Broad Tools 18 10 1 Maul 9 7 1/4 1 Pick Ax 3 6 1/4 8 Masons Beach Mallets 15 8 3 14 5 Deals viz. 2 Elm Boards 8 1 double deal 3 2 1 Baulk 8 10 1 0 0 Nails viz. 2 lb 6d. 1 1 1/2 2 10 11 1/2 2 1 Lines viz. 2 No. 2 1 9 10 4 3 9 5 6 £ 14 13 7 | The fortifications account continued from the total of £12 9s 7d brought forward, and closed with the total for the quarter. Brought forward, £12 9s 7d Blue bunting for making flags, 2 pieces, £2 11s 4d White bunting for making flags, 2 pieces, £2 4s 0d Red bunting for making flags, 1 piece, £1 11s 2d Total for bunting, £6 6s 6d Total charged to the fortifications, £18 16s 1d The storekeeper then listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to James's Valley. Cordage, 435 lb, £6 15s 11d Iron, 189 lb, £1 15s 5d Labourers' baskets, 18, £1 0s 3d Stone saws, 4, £0 15s 10d Stock lock, 1, £0 2s 8½d Axe handles, 12, £0 7s 0d Figured square, 1, £0 1s 3d Masons' boasters and broad tools, 8, £0 18s 10d Maul, 1, £0 9s 7¼d Pickaxe, 1, £0 3s 6¼d Masons' beech mallets, 8, £0 15s 8d Total for ironware, £3 14s 5d Elm boards, 2, £0 8s 0d Double deal, 1, £0 3s 2d Baulk of timber, 1, £0 8s 10d Total for deals, £1 0s 0d Sixpenny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 1½d Tenpenny nails, 2 lb, £0 0s 11½d Total for nails, £0 2s 1d No. 2 lines, 2, £0 1s 9d No. 4 lines, 10, £0 3s 9d Total for lines, £0 5s 6d Total charged to James's Valley, £14 13s 7d Interpretations The works in James’s Valley were masonry, carried out by a gang of masons and labourers. Boasters were broad, flat chisels struck with a mallet to dress the face of a stone smooth after it had been roughly shaped. Broad tools were the wider finishing chisels used for the same purpose. Masons used beech mallets because the wood was hard yet absorbed the shock of each blow. A figured square was a mason’s square marked with measurements for setting out angles and checking that dressed faces were true. The 18 labourers’ baskets carried rubble and mortar, and the 435 lb of cordage went into hoists and lashings for raising stone. Together they point to a substantial wall being raised in the valley that quarter. The five pieces of blue, white and red bunting were the material for national and Company colours. Red, white and blue together made the Union flag. Red and white also made the striped ensign that the Company flew at its forts and on its ships. Flags faded and frayed fast in the island’s constant trade wind and had to be replaced every few years. A fort without its colours flying could not signal its identity to an arriving ship, so the Company treated new flags as part of the cost of keeping its defences in order. | |
178 | 16th April Lemon Valley Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1770 Oars 6 16 6 Iron 44 lb 8 3 Cart Wheels 4 W. Barrows 3 1 8 Oil 1/4 Train 10 Cordage 42 lb 13 2 Lines 12 No. 2 4 6 Turners Ware 6 Labourers Baskets 6 9 Iron Ware viz. 10 Ash Helves 5 10 4 Pick Axes 14 1 Wood Ax 2 10 6 Iron Shovels 1 7 3 1 Small Frying Pan 2 1 2 12 £ 8 3 8 St. Helena 31st March 1770 E. Excepted (Signed) Jam. Powell Storekeeper | The last of the storekeeper's accounts listed the stores issued between 1 January and 31 March 1770 and charged to Lemon Valley. Oars, 6, £0 16s 6d Iron, 44 lb, £0 8s 3d Cart wheels and 4 wheelbarrows, £3 1s 8d Train oil, ¼ gallon, £0 0s 10d Cordage, 42 lb, £0 13s 2d No. 2 lines, 12, £0 4s 6d Labourers' baskets, 6, £0 6s 9d Axe handles, 10, £0 5s 10d Pickaxes, 4, £0 14s 0d Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 10d Iron shovels, 6, £1 7s 3d Small iron frying pan, 1, £0 2s 1d Total for ironware, £2 12s 0d Total charged to Lemon Valley, £8 3s 8d James Powell, the storekeeper, signed the accounts at St Helena on 31 March 1770, noting that errors were excepted. Interpretations The Lemon Valley stores mark the start of the works the Council ordered there on 12 February 1770. Shovels, pickaxes, wheelbarrows and baskets were the tools for digging foundations and clearing ground, not for finished masonry. That fits a project in its first weeks, before the walls themselves rose. Lemon Valley lay on the leeward coast west of James Town, and steep cliffs cut it off from the town by land. Men, tools and materials therefore went there by boat. That explains the six new oars and the cordage on a land works account. The single frying pan suggests that a gang camped at the valley rather than walking back each day. | |
179 | 1770 List of the Honble. Company's Officers and Servants upon the Island St. Helena, with their Several Salarys Diet Money etc. for the Quarter ending the 31st of March 1770 John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Salary £ 150 do. Allowance for Servants 31 14 9 181 14 9 Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Gov. Salary 62 10 do. Diet Money 25 87 10 Matthew Purling of Council 32 10 do. Accompt. 17 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. Gratuity 15 80 William Bearcroft Chaplain 40 do. Diet Money 15 55 Matthew Bazett Secretary 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 James Powell Storekeeper 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 William Wrangham Eldest Factor 15 do. Diet Money 10 do. Assistant to the Govr. 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. as Paymaster 12 10 50 Carried over £ 544 4 9 | The storekeeper's accounts were followed by a list of the Company's officers and servants on St Helena. It gave the salaries, diet money and other allowances due to each for the quarter ending 31 March 1770, beginning with Governor Skottowe. John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d Total for John Skottowe, £181 14s 9d Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d Total for Daniel Corneille, £87 10s 0d Matthew Purling, as member of Council, £32 10s 0d Matthew Purling, as accountant, £17 10s 0d Matthew Purling, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Purling, gratuity, £15 0s 0d Total for Matthew Purling, £80 0s 0d William Bearcroft, chaplain, salary, £40 0s 0d William Bearcroft, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for William Bearcroft, £55 0s 0d Matthew Bazett, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Matthew Bazett, £45 0s 0d James Powell, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d James Powell, diet money, £15 0s 0d James Powell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Powell, £45 0s 0d William Wrangham, eldest factor, salary, £15 0s 0d William Wrangham, diet money, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, as assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d William Wrangham, as paymaster, £12 10s 0d Total for William Wrangham, £50 0s 0d Carried forward, £544 4s 9d Interpretations The list shows how the Company paid its senior servants through several separate allowances rather than one salary. Every officer below the Governor received diet money in addition to his pay. It was a cash allowance in place of a seat at the public table, whose cost appeared in the diet account entered on 16 April 1770. Officers who held more than one post were paid for each. Matthew Purling drew separate sums as a councillor and as accountant, plus diet money and a gratuity. William Wrangham was paid in five ways: as eldest factor, as assistant to the Governor, as paymaster, and for his diet and house rent. His basic factor’s salary of £15 was less than a third of his total. The Company kept official salaries low on paper and topped them up with allowances it could alter or withdraw. That kept its servants dependent on the Council’s goodwill for most of their income. The Governor’s quarter’s salary of £150, or £600 a year, was twice that of any other officer. His allowance of £31 14s 9d for servants paid for a household that the stores accounts showed was also supplied with linen, china, candles and laundry at the Company’s cost. William Bearcroft, the chaplain, received £55 for the quarter. He was the clergyman paid 6s 0d for burying William Holbrook, according to the account entered on 9 April 1770. | |
180 | 16th April Brought Over £ 544 4 9 Jonathan Doveton Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Assistant Storekeeper 5 30 Britannicus Wright Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Collector of the Customs 12 10 37 10 John Goodwin Writer to 21st March 6 9 1 do. Factor from do. 1 7 5 1/2 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 20 6 6 1/2 George Bazett Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Clerk of the Works 6 16 10 1/2 26 16 10 1/2 James Desfountain Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 20 William Doveton Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 17 10 Robert Barclay Surgeon 9 15 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 22 5 Carried over £ 718 13 2 | The list of officers and servants continued from the total of £544 4s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £544 4s 9d Jonathan Doveton, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, as assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d Total for Jonathan Doveton, £30 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, diet money, £10 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, house rent, £2 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, as collector of the customs, £12 10s 0d Total for Britannicus Wright, £37 10s 0d John Gordon, writer, salary to 21 March, £6 9s 1d John Gordon, factor, salary from 21 March, £1 7s 5½d John Gordon, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Gordon, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Gordon, £20 6s 6½d George Bazett, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d George Bazett, diet money, £10 0s 0d George Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d George Bazett, as clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d Total for George Bazett, £26 16s 10½d James Desfountain, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Desfountain, £20 0s 0d William Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d William Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d Total for William Doveton, £17 10s 0d Robert Barclay, surgeon, salary, £9 15s 0d Robert Barclay, diet money, £10 0s 0d Robert Barclay, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Barclay, £22 5s 0d Carried forward, £718 13s 2d Interpretations The covenanted servants climbed a fixed ladder of rank, and pay was calculated to the day. A writer earned £30 a year and a factor £50. John Gordon was promoted from writer to factor on 21 March 1770, so his quarter was split at that date: £6 9s 1d at the writer’s rate and £1 7s 5½d at the factor’s rate for the last ten days. Diet money and house rent were flat, the same for a junior writer as for a factor. For the young men, those allowances were worth more than their salaries. A writer received £12 10s a quarter in allowances against £7 10s in pay. William Doveton alone drew no house rent, perhaps because he lived in a family house rather than in lodgings of his own. As with the senior officers, extra posts brought extra money. Britannicus Wright’s salary as collector of the customs equalled his whole salary as a factor. George Bazett nearly doubled his writer’s pay as clerk of the works, under Thomas Bazett, the superintendent of works. The island’s few families filled these posts among themselves: two Dovetons and two Bazetts appear on this page alone, with Matthew Bazett as secretary on the last. Robert Barclay, the surgeon, earned under £40 a year in salary. His real income came from private practice among the settlers and from attending passing ships, which the Company allowed because it kept his salary low. | |
181 | 1770 Brought Over £ 718 13 2 John Pritchard Surgeons mate 6 5 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 18 15 Philip Mahony Clerk of the Peace 27 10 do. House Rent 2 10 30 Thomas Bazett Superintendent of the Works 25 Hugh Jones do. of the Blacks 10 Samuel Alexander John Worrall Overseers 7 10 15 William Holbrook Master Mason to 1st April 23 19 6 John Preston do. mate 20 John Robinson Carpenter 25 James Hog do. Mate 12 10 John Drawater Cooper 15 John Robins Armr. 15 Solomon St. Maurice Mast. at Arms 6 5 Robert Leech Steward 7 10 Thomas Yates Clerk of the Church 5 John Joyce Clock and Instrument Cleaner 1 5 Robert Allum Groom 2 John Crisswell Patron of the Boats 7 10 John Price Marshal and Goaler 7 10 To the Drum Major for Instructing the Young Drummers 1 Carried over £ 975 7 8 | The list of officers and servants continued from the total of £718 13s 2d brought forward. Brought forward, £718 13s 2d John Pritchard, surgeon's mate, salary, £6 5s 0d John Pritchard, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Pritchard, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Pritchard, £18 15s 0d Philip Mahony, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 10s 0d Philip Mahony, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Philip Mahony, £30 0s 0d Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d Samuel Alexander, [...], £7 10s 0d John Worrall, [...], £15 0s 0d William Holbrook, master mason, to 1 April, £23 19s 6d John Preston, mason's mate, £20 0s 0d John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d James Hay, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d John Drawater, cooper, £15 0s 0d John Robins, armourer, £15 0s 0d Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d Robert Leech, steward, £7 10s 0d Thomas Yate, clerk of the church, £5 0s 0d John Joyce, clock and instrument cleaner, £1 5s 0d Robert Allum, groom, £2 0s 0d John Criswell, coxswain of the boat, £7 10s 0d John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d Drum major, for teaching the young drummers, £1 0s 0d Carried forward, £975 7s 8d Interpretations Skilled tradesmen were paid on a different footing from the covenanted servants. The carpenter, the master mason and the superintendent of works each received about £100 a year, which was twice a factor's salary. None of them drew diet money or house rent. The Company had to pay the going rate to bring a qualified mason or carpenter to a remote island, and the stone and timber accounts for the quarter show how much the works depended on them. Holbrook's salary was paid in full for the quarter even though he had died on 20 March 1770. That payment went to his estate, which John Price, as executor, had settled at £16 8s 0½d for his daughter in London. John Price held public office as well as keeping a public house. He was marshal and gaoler, which made him responsible for arrests, for serving the court's orders and for holding prisoners. The same man had acted as Holbrook's executor and had paid himself first for £15 17s 0d of drink and board. On an island this small, the man who sold the garrison its drink also locked up the drunk. The patron of the boat was the coxswain who commanded the Company's landing boat. The title came from the Portuguese patrão, meaning master, a word long used in the Company's eastern settlements. The £1 paid to the drum major for teaching the young drummers matches the island boys enlisted as drummers: George Watts, Benjamin Seale and Thomas Hayes on 2 October 1769, and Edward Hayes on 22 January 1770. The garrison was training its musicians at home rather than waiting for recruits from England. | |
182 | 16th April Brought Over £ 975 7 8 First Company viz. Daniel Corneille Captain 59 6 3 Solomon St. Maurice 1st Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 34 4 4 1/2 Charles Ross Stewart 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. Adjutant 18 5 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 47 18 1 1/2 William Caldwell 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 William Roberts Town Adjutant 32 3 1 1/2 Sergeants viz. Henry Howell 7 10 Geo. Seale 7 10 John Allman 7 10 Thos. Mears 7 10 30 Corporals viz. John Springthorp 5 5 Abraham Jarvis 5 5 Henry Clark 5 5 Andw. Alexander 5 5 21 Drummers viz. John Martin Transf. to 3 Compy. 8 March 3 18 2 John Swaits Ent. from do. 8 do. 1 16 10 Richd. Platfoot 5 5 Jos. Beachamp 5 5 15 15 Carried over £ 1248 17 8 | The list continued with the military establishment, beginning with the First Company. The total brought forward was £976 7s 8d. Brought forward, £976 7s 8d Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d Solomon St Maurice, first lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Solomon St Maurice, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Solomon St Maurice, £34 4s 4½d Charles Ross Stewart, second lieutenant, pay, £22 16s 3d Charles Ross Stewart, as adjutant, £18 5s 0d Charles Ross Stewart, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Charles Ross Stewart, £47 18s 1½d William Caldwell, second lieutenant, pay, £22 16s 3d William Caldwell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d William Caldwell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Caldwell, £32 3s 1½d William Roberts, town adjutant, £32 3s 1½d Henry Howell, sergeant, £7 10s 0d George Seale, sergeant, £7 10s 0d John Ullman, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Thomas Mean, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £30 0s 0d John Springthorp, corporal, £5 5s 0d Abraham Jarvis, corporal, £5 5s 0d Henry Clark, corporal, £5 5s 0d Andrew Alexander, corporal, £5 5s 0d Total for corporals, £21 0s 0d John Martin, drummer, transferred to the Third Company on 8 March, £3 18s 2d John Swaks, drummer, transferred from the Third Company on the same date, £1 16s 10d Richard Ratfort, drummer, £5 5s 0d Joseph Buchan, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £15 15s 0d Carried forward, £1,243 17s 8d Interpretations Daniel Corneille drew pay as captain of the First Company as well as his salary and diet money as Lieutenant Governor. His full income for the quarter came to more than £146. On St Helena the civil and military commands were held by the same few men. The Lieutenant Governor commanded a company in person, and his captain's pay was a second salary for that duty. Solomon St Maurice was paid here as first lieutenant and appeared on the previous page as master at arms. He was also the Lieutenant St Maurice who had a bill of £1 0s 0d against William Holbrook's estate. Charles Ross Stewart drew adjutant's pay worth almost as much as his lieutenant's pay. The adjutant drilled the men, kept the duty rosters and passed on the commanding officer's orders, and that work earned him nearly a second salary. Pay was worked out to the day. That is why the two drummers who changed places between the First and Third Companies on 8 March 1770 had their quarter divided at that date. | |
183 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1248 17 8 Private viz. James Avery to 20th March disc. 3 5 10 James Armstrong to 26th do. do. 3 10 10 John Britt 3 15 Emanuel Bunner 3 15 John Buchmans 3 15 William Benson 3 15 Benj. Barkle 3 15 Richd. Brown 3 15 Thos. Berwick 3 15 Mark Batts 3 15 Edward Corker 3 15 Will. Clisold to 20th March disch. 3 5 10 Patrick Conner 3 15 John Charlton 3 15 Willm. Coppen 3 15 Anthony Clark 3 15 Arundel Carnes 3 15 John Coulston Ent. 16 March 13 4 John Dove 3 15 John Davis 3 15 James Drake 3 15 John Dobson to 25th January disch. 1 0 10 Adam Evans 3 15 Henry Earlstar 3 15 William French 3 15 William Fisher 3 15 William Greenwood 3 15 John Grainger 3 15 John Hourston 3 15 Private Carried over £ 101 16 8 Carried over £ 1248 17 8 | The pay list of the First Company continued with the privates. The total brought forward was £1,243 17s 8d. Brought forward, £1,243 17s 8d James Avery, private, to 20 March, discharged, £3 5s 10d James Armstrong, private, to 26 March, discharged, £3 10s 10d John Brett, private, £3 15s 0d Emanuel Bonner, private, £3 15s 0d John Buchmans, private, £3 15s 0d William Benson, private, £3 15s 0d Benjamin Barkle, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Broom, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Berwick, private, £3 15s 0d Mark Batts, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Corker, private, £3 15s 0d William Clissold, private, to 20 March, discharged, £3 5s 10d Patrick Connor, private, £3 15s 0d John Charlton, private, £3 15s 0d William Coppin, private, £3 15s 0d Anthony Clark, private, £3 15s 0d Arundel Carnes, private, £3 15s 0d John Coulston, private, enlisted 10 March, £0 13s 4d John Dove, private, £3 15s 0d John Davis, private, £3 15s 0d James Drake, private, £3 15s 0d John Dobson, private, to 25 January, discharged, £1 0s 10d Adam Evans, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Eastear, private, £3 15s 0d William French, private, £3 15s 0d William Fisher, private, £3 15s 0d William Greenwood, private, £3 15s 0d John Grainger, private, £3 15s 0d John Hourdon, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £101 16s 8d Carried forward, £1,243 17s 8d Interpretations A private's pay was £3 15s 0d a quarter, or £15 a year. A corporal earned £21 and a sergeant £30. Even the £15 was not all paid in cash. The cost of the shoes, stockings and shirts each man bought from the warehouse was stopped out of it. Those clothing sales to the Company's servants, recorded on 16 April 1770, went straight back to the treasury from wages the Company had only just booked as paid. Pay was calculated by the day, at about 10d. That shows in the short sums for men who joined or left during the quarter. James Avery and William Clissold were both discharged on 20 March and James Armstrong on 26 March. They belonged to the group of discharges that thinned the garrison that month. John Coulston enlisted on 10 March, perhaps one of the men recruited off passing ships with a bounty, and drew only 13s 4d for his first three weeks. | |
184 | 16th April Brought over £ 1248 17 8 Private brought over £ 101 16 8 Edward Haddock to 22 March disch. 3 7 6 John Hill 3 15 William Henderson 3 15 Thomas Houching 3 15 John Hammond 3 15 Philip Hayes 3 15 William Jones 3 15 Thomas Love 3 15 Duncan McLaren 3 15 William Mudge 3 15 William Mumford 3 15 John McAllister 3 15 James Miller 3 15 Patrick Nowland 3 15 William Page 3 15 William Robinson 3 15 George Roe 3 15 Anthony Reynolds 3 15 Thomas Rogers 3 15 Silvanus Rolph to 19th Feb. disch. 2 1 8 William Swaby 3 15 John Shuns 3 15 John Stewart 3 15 Edward Stevenson 3 15 James Swanson 3 15 Joseph Stacy 3 15 William Smelt 3 15 James Snells 3 15 Thomas Townsend 3 15 Private Carried over £ 208 10 10 Carried over £ 1248 17 8 | The privates of the First Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £1,243 17s 8d Privates brought forward, £101 16s 8d Edward Haddock, private, to 22 March, discharged, £3 7s 6d John Hill, private, £3 15s 0d William Henderson, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hewching, private, £3 15s 0d John Hammond, private, £3 15s 0d Philip Hayes, private, £3 15s 0d William Jones, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Love, private, £3 15s 0d Duncan McLaren, private, £3 15s 0d William Mudge, private, £3 15s 0d William Mumford, private, £3 15s 0d John McAllister, private, £3 15s 0d James Miller, private, £3 15s 0d Patrick Nowlane, private, £3 15s 0d William Page, private, £3 15s 0d William Robinson, private, £3 15s 0d George Roe, private, £3 15s 0d Anthony Reynolds, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Rogers, private, £3 15s 0d Silvanus Rolph, private, to 19 February, discharged, £2 1s 8d William Swaby, private, £3 15s 0d John Shores, private, £3 15s 0d John Stewart, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Stevenson, private, £3 15s 0d James Swanson, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Stacy, private, £3 15s 0d William Smelt, private, £3 15s 0d James Sindle, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Townsend, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £208 10s 10d Carried forward, £1,243 17s 8d | |
185 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1248 17 8 Private brought over £ 208 10 10 William Tipper 3 15 William Tanton 3 15 Joseph Valentine 3 15 John Willingdale 3 15 Benjamin Wise 3 15 Thos. Windalls 3 15 George Wall 3 15 Bartholomew Welch 3 15 George Watts 3 15 John Willson Ent. 15th March 13 4 Timothy Walters 17th do. 12 6 Moses Biffen 3 15 Timothy Bryen 3 15 John Barnes to 26th do. disch. 3 10 10 254 12 6 Second Company viz. Henry Bazett Captain 59 6 3 Michael Frost 1 Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4 1/2 Thomas Lambert 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 John Bazett 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Carried Over £ 1663 17 1/2 | The privates of the First Company continued from the totals brought forward, followed by the officers of the Second Company. Brought forward, £1,243 17s 8d Privates brought forward, £208 10s 10d William Tipper, private, £3 15s 0d William Tanton, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Valentine, private, £3 15s 0d John Willingdale, private, £3 15s 0d Benjamin Wise, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Windalle, private, £3 15s 0d George Wall, private, £3 15s 0d Bartholomew Welch, private, £3 15s 0d George Watts, private, £3 15s 0d John Wilson, private, enlisted 16 March, £0 13s 4d Timothy Walters, private, enlisted 17 March, £0 12s 6d Moses Biffen, private, £3 15s 0d Timothy Byrne, private, £3 15s 0d John Barnes, private, to 26 March, discharged, £3 10s 10d Total for privates of the First Company, £254 12s 6d Henry Bazett, captain of the Second Company, £59 6s 3d Michael Frost, first lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Michael Frost, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Michael Frost, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Michael Frost, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Lambert, second lieutenant, pay, £22 16s 3d Thomas Lambert, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Lambert, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Lambert, £32 3s 1½d John Bazett, second lieutenant, pay, £22 16s 3d John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Bazett, £32 3s 1½d Carried forward, £1,658 17s 0½d Interpretations The Bazett family held two of the four officer posts in the Second Company. Henry Bazett was its captain and John Bazett one of its lieutenants. Earlier pages of the list name three more Bazetts in Company service. Matthew Bazett was secretary, George Bazett was a writer and clerk of the works, and Thomas Bazett was superintendent of works and commanded the artillery. Appointments on the island went through the Governor and Council, and posts in both the civil and military establishments were filled from the same few settled families. One household could therefore draw several Company salaries at once and hold a share in command of the garrison as well. | |
186 | 16th April Brought Over £ 1663 17 1/2 Sergeants viz. Robert Hopkinson to 20 March disch. 6 15 John Salisbury 7 10 William Merrick 7 10 Francis Seale 7 10 29 5 Corporals viz. Joseph Whaley Corpl.£ 4 14 6 do. as Sergt. from 23 March 15 5 9 6 Joseph McAtney 5 5 William Harris 5 5 William Jones 5 5 21 4 6 Drummers viz. John Brown 5 5 Patrick Edington 5 5 10 10 Private viz. Robert Allum 3 15 William Birch 3 15 William Brooks 3 15 Daniel Bye 3 15 John Blavin 3 15 Henry Batchelor 3 15 William Congreve 3 15 John Crawley to 20th March disch. 3 5 10 William Carter 3 15 William Carfree to do. 3 5 10 John Cunningham 3 15 William Drinnan 3 15 Private Carried Over £ 44 1 8 Carried over £ 1724 16 6 1/2 | The pay list of the Second Company continued with its non-commissioned officers, drummers and privates. The total brought forward was £1,663 17s 0½d. Brought forward, £1,663 17s 0½d Robert Hopkinson, sergeant, to 20 March, discharged, £6 15s 0d John Salisbury, sergeant, £7 10s 0d William Merrick, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Francis Seale, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £29 5s 0d Joseph Whaley, as corporal, £4 13s 6d Joseph Whaley, as sergeant from 23 March, £0 15s 0d Total for Joseph Whaley, £5 9s 6d Joseph McAdney, corporal, £5 5s 0d William Harris, corporal, £5 5s 0d William Jones, corporal, £5 5s 0d Total for corporals, £21 4s 6d John Brown, drummer, £5 5s 0d Patrick Etherington, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £10 10s 0d Robert Allum, private, £3 15s 0d William Birch, private, £3 15s 0d William Brooks, private, £3 15s 0d Daniel Boyce, private, £3 15s 0d John Blavin, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Batchelor, private, £3 15s 0d William Conquest, private, £3 15s 0d John Crawley, private, to 20 March, discharged, £3 5s 10d William Carter, private, £3 15s 0d William Caffree, private, to 20 March, discharged, £3 5s 10d John Cunningham, private, £3 15s 0d William Drennan, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £44 1s 8d Carried forward, £1,724 16s 6½d Interpretations Robert Hopkinson's discharge on 20 March 1770 left a sergeant's place empty, and it was filled within three days. Joseph Whaley was promoted from corporal on 23 March, and his pay was split at that date. The Council did not leave the post vacant until a recruit arrived or move a sergeant over from another company. It promoted a man already serving in the same company. That kept the company at full strength in sergeants and rewarded a corporal who knew its men and duties. Robert Allum was paid here as a private and appeared on the civil list as the groom, with £2 for the quarter. A soldier who had a trade or skill useful to the Company could take on extra work in its households or departments for a small additional wage. William Wrangham did the same thing on a larger scale with his five separate payments. | |
187 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1724 16 6 1/2 Private brought Over £ 44 1 8 John Dailey 3 15 Peter Ellam 3 15 John Forbes 3 15 William Fulwood 3 15 John Goodsole 3 15 John Gray 3 15 Peter Green 3 15 Philip Gleeson 3 15 Robert Richmond Grosvenor 3 15 Will. Harris 3 15 Abra. Harding 3 15 Samuel Hikes 3 15 John Holbrook 3 15 James Hudson 3 15 Thos. Hayles 3 15 John Ham 3 15 William Hunt to 22 March disch. 3 7 6 Augustine Hitchcock 3 15 Charles Holloway£ 3 7 6 do. Corporal from 23 March 10 6 3 18 Thomas Hart 3 15 Robt. Hardie 3 15 Saml. Inston 3 15 William Johnson 3 15 John James 3 15 Francis Jackson 3 15 John Jacobs 3 15 Saml. Kitson 3 15 Henry Kirkham 3 15 Private brought Over £ 148 17 2 Carrd. over £ 1724 16 6 1/2 | The privates of the Second Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £1,724 16s 6½d Privates brought forward, £44 1s 8d John Dailey, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Ellam, private, £3 15s 0d John Forbes, private, £3 15s 0d William Fulwood, private, £3 15s 0d John Goodsole, private, £3 15s 0d John Gray, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Green, private, £3 15s 0d Philip Gleeson, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Richmond Grosvenor, private, £3 15s 0d William Harris, private, £3 15s 0d Abraham Harding, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Hiles, private, £3 15s 0d John Holbrook, private, £3 15s 0d James Hudson, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hayles, private, £3 15s 0d John Ham, private, £3 15s 0d William Hunt, private, to 22 March, discharged, £3 7s 6d Augustine Hitchcock, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Holloway, as private, £3 7s 6d Charles Holloway, as corporal from 23 March, £0 10s 6d Total for Charles Holloway, £3 18s 0d Thomas Hart, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Hardie, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Indone, private, £3 15s 0d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d John James, private, £3 15s 0d Francis Jackson, private, £3 15s 0d John Jacobs, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Kitson, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Kirkham, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £148 17s 2d Carried forward, £1,724 16s 6½d Interpretations Charles Holloway was made corporal on 23 March 1770, the same day Joseph Whaley moved up from corporal to sergeant. Robert Hopkinson's discharge on 20 March had set off a chain of promotions within the Second Company. Each vacancy was filled by the man on the rung below, so the company kept its full number of sergeants and corporals without bringing anyone in from outside. The step from private to corporal raised Holloway's pay from about 10d to about 1s 2d a day. That was a real incentive for steady conduct in a garrison where discharges came in clusters and every experienced man counted. | |
188 | 16th April Brought Over £ 1724 16 6 1/2 Private brought Over £ 148 17 2 John King 3 15 William Kingscott 3 15 Thomas Little 3 15 Henry Miller 3 15 John Morris 3 15 John McCullen 3 15 William McBeth 3 15 Thos. Matthews 3 15 Thos. Morgan 3 15 Reeves Osborne 3 15 George Oliver 3 15 Samuel Perry 3 15 John Pavey 3 15 Stephen Piper 3 15 Jacob Peters 3 15 Saml. Packer 3 15 Thos. Palmer 3 15 William Richardson 3 15 Jno. Chris. Rose 3 15 Thos. Powers 3 15 Gregory Southwood 3 15 Fredrick Shaffer 3 15 Geo. Short 3 15 Jno. Sabourin to 22 March disch. 3 7 6 Benj. Seale 3 15 John Tucker 3 15 John Vaughan 3 15 Francis Vennable 3 15 John Wyett 3 15 Richd. Wallace from 21 March Ent. 9 2 257 13 10 Carrd. over £ 1982 10 4 1/2 | The privates of the Second Company continued from the totals brought forward, and closed with their total for the quarter. Brought forward, £1,724 16s 6½d Privates brought forward, £148 17s 2d John King, private, £3 15s 0d William Kingscott, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Little, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Miller, private, £3 15s 0d John Morris, private, £3 15s 0d John McCullen, private, £3 15s 0d William McBeth, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Matthews, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Morgan, private, £3 15s 0d Rowe Osborne, private, £3 15s 0d George Oliver, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Perry, private, £3 15s 0d John Povey, private, £3 15s 0d Stephen Pryor, private, £3 15s 0d Jacob Peters, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Packer, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Palmer, private, £3 15s 0d William Richardson, private, £3 15s 0d John Christopher Shipp, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Stowers, private, £3 15s 0d Gregory Southwood, private, £3 15s 0d Frederick Shaffer, private, £3 15s 0d George Sheets, private, £3 15s 0d John Salomon, private, to 22 March, discharged, £3 7s 6d Benjamin Seale, private, £3 15s 0d John Tucker, private, £3 15s 0d John Vaughan, private, £3 15s 0d Francis Vennable, private, £3 15s 0d John Wyatt, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Wallace, private, enlisted 21 March, £0 9s 2d Total for privates of the Second Company, £257 13s 10d Carried forward, £1,982 10s 4½d | |
189 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1982 10 4 1/2 Third Company viz. Richd. Beale Captain 59 6 3 Thos. Bazett 1st Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4 1/2 Thomas Statham 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Richard Mason 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Sergeants viz. William Clifton 7 10 James Goudy at 2/8 p day 12 David Scott 7 10 Thos. Hughes 7 10 34 10 Corporals viz. Willm. Hill 5 5 Willm. Hamilton 5 5 Thos. Nash 5 5 Geo. Short 5 5 21 Drummers viz. John Swaits transf. to 1 Compy. 8th March 3 16 2 John Martin Ent. from do. 8 do. 1 6 10 George Varney 5 5 10 10 Carrd. over £ 2208 17 3 | The pay list continued with the officers, sergeants, corporals and drummers of the Third Company. The total brought forward was £1,982 10s 4½d. Brought forward, £1,982 10s 4½d Richard Beale, captain of the Third Company, £59 6s 3d Thomas Bazett, first lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Statham, second lieutenant, pay, £22 16s 3d Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Statham, £32 3s 1½d Richard Mason, second lieutenant, pay, £22 16s 3d Richard Mason, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Richard Mason, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Richard Mason, £32 3s 1½d William Clifton, sergeant, £7 10s 0d James Goudy, sergeant, at 2s 8d a day, £12 0s 0d David Scott, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Thomas Hughes, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £34 10s 0d William Hill, corporal, £5 5s 0d William Hamilton, corporal, £5 5s 0d Thomas Nash, corporal, £5 5s 0d George Short, corporal, £5 5s 0d Total for corporals, £21 0s 0d John Swaks, drummer, transferred to the First Company on 9 March, £3 16s 2d John Martin, drummer, transferred from the First Company on the same date, £1 6s 10d George Varney, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £10 10s 0d Carried forward, £2,208 17s 3d Interpretations Thomas Bazett drew a lieutenant's pay, diet money and house rent in the Third Company, worth £36 14s 4½d for the quarter. He was also paid £25 as superintendent of the works, which brought his total to over £60. Because he commanded the artillery and ran the building works, the Company paid him both as an officer and as an engineer, by stacking separate offices on one man rather than raising a single salary. His captain, Richard Beale, was the son of Richard Beale senior, the judge advocate and schoolmaster who died on 7 October 1769. James Goudy was the only sergeant paid at a daily rate rather than the standard £7 10s 0d a quarter. At 2s 8d a day he earned £12 for the quarter, well over half as much again as his fellow sergeants. The special rate suggests a particular duty, perhaps as sergeant major or as a skilled artificer attached to the artillery. The Company could not get such a man at ordinary pay, so it paid for the skill. | |
190 | 16th April Brought Over £ 2208 17 3 Private viz. James Anderson 3 15 Richd. Ashford 3 15 Jacob Butt 3 15 John Blenhem 3 15 Fredk. Wm. Beard 3 15 Abel Bagnel 3 15 James Brown Ent. 23 Feb. 1 10 10 John Cork 3 15 Thos. Connell 3 15 Robt. Court 3 15 Benj. Courtney Ent. 29th January 2 11 8 Edw. Dudley to 20th March disch. 3 5 10 James Donnavan to 7 January Died 5 10 William Edwards 3 15 Charles Edgells 3 15 William Foster 3 15 Archibald Graham 3 15 William Gunnup 3 15 William Griffen 3 15 Felix Hyder 3 15 William Hopkins 3 15 Thos. Hillcock 3 15 Mainard Hayes 3 15 Joseph Holloway 3 15 Peter Higgins 3 15 Edward Hazell 3 15 John Hilliard 3 15 Thos. Hayes 3 15 Saml. Harsant Ent. 17th March 12 6 Private Carrd. over £ 93 6 8 Carrd. over £ 2208 17 3 | The privates of the Third Company followed. The total brought forward was £2,208 17s 3d. Brought forward, £2,208 17s 3d James Anderson, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Ashford, private, £3 15s 0d Jacob Bull, private, £3 15s 0d John Blenhorn, private, £3 15s 0d Frederick William Beard, private, £3 15s 0d Abel Bagnel, private, £3 15s 0d James Brown, private, enlisted 23 February, £1 10s 10d John Cook, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Connell, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Court, private, £3 15s 0d Benjamin Courtney, private, enlisted 29 January, £2 11s 8d Edward Dudley, private, to 20 March, discharged, £3 5s 10d James Donnavan, private, to 7 January, died, £0 5s 10d William Edwards, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Edgille, private, £3 15s 0d William Foster, private, £3 15s 0d Archibald Graham, private, £3 15s 0d William Granups, private, £3 15s 0d William Griffin, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Hyder, private, £3 15s 0d William Hopkins, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hillock, private, £3 15s 0d Maynard Hayes, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Holloway, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Higgins, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Hazell, private, £3 15s 0d John Hilliard, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hayes, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Harvant, private, enlisted 17 March, £0 12s 6d Privates carried forward, £93 6s 3d Carried forward, £2,208 17s 3d | |
191 | 1770 Brought Over £ 2208 17 3 Private brought Over £ 93 6 8 Josiah Johnson 3 15 Robt. Johnstone 3 15 Richd. Johnson 3 15 Will. Johnson 3 15 Saml. Johnson 3 15 James Kemp 3 15 John Long 3 15 Edw. Lamburn 3 15 Bryan Lynch 3 15 Geo. Littleton 3 15 Richd. Moyce 3 15 Thos. Morris 3 15 John Miller 3 15 Abraham Major 3 15 Thos. Matthews 3 15 Danl. Masterson 3 15 Joseph Martin 3 15 William Medcalf 3 15 Ch. Morris 3 15 Abra. Miller 3 15 Jam. Mannington 20th March disch. 3 5 10 John Merrall 3 15 Thos. Perry 3 15 Hy. Pinchen 3 15 Will. Perkins 3 15 David Patton 3 15 James Proctor 3 15 Richd. Penney 3 15 Robt. Stack 3 15 Private Carried over £ 206 12 6 Carrd. over £ 2208 12 6 | The privates of the Third Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £2,208 17s 3d Privates brought forward, £93 6s 3d Isaiah Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Johnstone, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d James Kemp, private, £3 15s 0d John Long, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Lamburn, private, £3 15s 0d Bryan Lynch, private, £3 15s 0d George Litteson, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Moyse, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Morris, private, £3 15s 0d John Miller, private, £3 15s 0d Abraham Major, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Matthews, private, £3 15s 0d Daniel Maclennan, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Martin, private, £3 15s 0d William Medcalf, private, £3 15s 0d Christopher Morris, private, £3 15s 0d Abraham Miller, private, £3 15s 0d James Mannington, private, to 20 March, discharged, £3 5s 10d John Morrell, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Perry, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Pinchen, private, £3 15s 0d William Pickes, private, £3 15s 0d David Patton, private, £3 15s 0d James Proctor, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Penney, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Stack, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £206 12s 6d Carried forward, £2,208 12s 6d | |
192 | 16th April Brought Over £ 2208 17 3 Private brought Over £ 206 12 6 Adam Scott 3 15 Arthur Scott 3 15 William Smith 3 15 John Shorland 3 15 Geo. Smith 3 15 Richd. Slaughter 3 15 John Thompson 3 15 James Trulivan to 11th January died 9 2 Thos. Taylor 3 15 Geo. Towns 3 15 Thos. Ward 3 15 Hutton Walker 3 15 James York 3 15 Philip Cook 3 15 255 16 8 Fourth Company viz. John Howard Captain 59 6 3 Samuel Desfountain 1st Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4 1/2 James Greentree 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Robert Gulding 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Carried over £ 2625 9 1/2 | The privates of the Third Company continued from the totals brought forward. The officers of the Fourth Company followed. Brought forward, £2,208 17s 3d Privates brought forward, £206 12s 6d Adam Scott, private, £3 15s 0d Arthur Shell, private, £3 15s 0d William Smith, private, £3 15s 0d John Sharland, private, £3 15s 0d George Smith, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Slaughter, private, £3 15s 0d John Thompson, private, £3 15s 0d James Trelevan, private, to 11 January, died, £0 9s 2d Thomas Taylor, private, £3 15s 0d George Towns, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Ward, private, £3 15s 0d Hatton Walker, private, £3 15s 0d James York, private, £3 15s 0d Philip Cook, private, £3 15s 0d Total for privates of the Third Company, £255 16s 8d John Howard, captain of the Fourth Company, £59 6s 3d Samuel Desfountain, first lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Samuel Desfountain, £36 14s 4½d James Grantree, second lieutenant, pay, £22 16s 3d James Grantree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d James Grantree, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Grantree, £32 3s 1½d Robert Purling, second lieutenant, pay, £22 16s 3d Robert Purling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Purling, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Purling, £32 3s 1½d Carried forward, £2,625 0s 9½d Interpretations The Fourth Company's officers came from the same small circle of families that filled the civil posts. Samuel Desfountain was its first lieutenant while James Desfountain served as a writer. Robert Purling held a lieutenancy while Matthew Purling sat on the Council as accountant. A councillor with relatives holding commissions had a direct interest in the garrison's pay, promotions and discipline. Since the Council approved these accounts on 16 April 1770, the men who signed them included kinsmen of the officers being paid. A decision such as which lieutenant to advance when a captaincy fell vacant was made inside a network of family loyalties. The Court in London could see that network only through lists like this one. | |
193 | 1770 Brought Over £ 2625 9 1/2 Sergeants viz. John Moir 7 10 John Deale 7 10 John Terry 7 10 John Hilliard to 6th Feb. broke£ 3 1 8 do. from the 7th do. Private 2 4 2 5 5 10 27 15 10 Corporals viz. Thos. Williams to 6th Feb. adv.£ 2 2 2 do. from the 7th do. Sergt. 4 9 4 6 11 6 Thomas Kylock 5 5 Francis Flynn 5 5 Geo. Ward 5 5 22 6 6 Drummers viz. Geo. Wills to 21 January£ 1 4 6 do. Private to 20th March disch. 2 8 4 3 12 10 James Moyce 5 5 8 17 10 Private viz. Will Allen transf. to Artill. 22 Janry. 18 4 John Allen 3 15 William Brown to 25th Jany. died 1 0 10 George Bennett 3 15 John Bowler 3 15 Will. Blackman 3 15 Thos. Bailey 3 15 Richd. Bickerstaff 3 15 Joseph Blackwell 3 15 Private Carried over £ 24 4 2 Carrd. over £ 2684 11 1/2 | The Fourth Company's pay list continued with its sergeants, corporals, drummers and the first of its privates. The total brought forward was £2,625 0s 9½d. Brought forward, £2,625 0s 9½d John Moore, sergeant, £7 10s 0d John Beale, sergeant, £7 10s 0d John Terry, sergeant, £7 10s 0d John Hilliard, as sergeant, to 6 February, reduced, £3 1s 8d John Hilliard, as private, from 7 February, £2 4s 2d Total for John Hilliard, £5 5s 10d Total for sergeants, £27 15s 10d Thomas Williams, as corporal, to 6 February, £2 3s 2d Thomas Williams, as sergeant, from 7 February, £4 8s 4d Total for Thomas Williams, £6 11s 6d Thomas Kyloch, corporal, £5 5s 0d Francis Flynn, corporal, £5 5s 0d George Ward, corporal, £5 5s 0d Total for corporals, £22 6s 6d George Wills, as drummer, to 21 January, £1 4s 6d George Wills, as private, to 20 March, discharged, £2 8s 4d Total for George Wills, £3 12s 10d James Moyes, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £8 17s 10d William Allen, private, transferred to the artillery on 22 January, £0 18s 4d John Allen, private, £3 15s 0d William Brown, private, to 23 January, died, £1 0s 10d George Bennett, private, £3 15s 0d John Bowler, private, £3 15s 0d William Blackman, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Bailey, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Bickerstaff, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Blackwell, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £24 4s 2d Carried forward, £2,684 0s 11½d Interpretations Sergeant John Hilliard was reduced to the ranks on 6 February 1770, and his place was filled the next day. Thomas Williams was promoted from corporal to sergeant from 7 February. Reduction was the usual punishment for a non-commissioned officer guilty of drunkenness or neglect of duty. It cost Hilliard more than half his pay for the rest of the quarter, and it was cheaper and quieter than a court martial and the lash. Unlike a discharge, it kept an experienced soldier in the garrison, where every man counted. Williams's promotion opened a corporal's place in turn. Yet the company still listed only three other corporals, which suggests that the vacancy had not yet been filled when the quarter closed. William Allen was moved to the artillery on 22 January. The guns needed men who could be trained to load, lay and fire them, and the artillery drew those men from the infantry companies rather than from new recruits. George Wills went the other way: he was moved from drummer to private on 21 January and discharged on 20 March. That suggests a boy or young man who had grown out of the drum and was released soon afterwards. | |
194 | 16th April Brought Over £ 2684 11 1/2 Private brought Over £ 28 4 2 Will. Cockray 3 15 Duncan Cammeron 3 15 James Culsher 3 15 Richd. Close 3 15 Josiah Cummins 3 15 John Cleman 3 15 Thos. Christian 3 15 John Campton 3 15 John Causton 3 15 Thos. Ferris 3 15 Charles Field 3 15 Henry Friendly 3 15 Benj. Garrard to 6th Feb.£ 1 10 10 do. from the 7th do. Corpl. 3 1 10 4 12 8 Geo. Green 3 15 John Gillmore 3 15 Edw. Gorman 3 15 John Harper to 21st Janry.£ 17 6 do. from the 22 do. Drummer 4 0 6 4 18 Edward Hayes Ent. 22 Janry. 2 17 6 Henry Henbury 3 15 Roger Haydon 3 15 Henry Hammilton 3 15 Christn. Johnson 3 15 Thos. Johnson 3 15 John Joyce 3 15 James Jordon 3 15 Richd. Kempton 3 15 Thos. Lyne 3 15 Private Carried over £ 130 12 4 £ 2684 11 1/2 | The privates of the Fourth Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £2,684 0s 11½d Privates brought forward, £28 4s 2d William Corkrey, private, £3 15s 0d Duncan Cameron, private, £3 15s 0d James Culcher, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Close, private, £3 15s 0d Isaiah Cummins, private, £3 15s 0d John Cleman, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Christian, private, £3 15s 0d John Campen, private, £3 15s 0d John Causton, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Farrow, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Field, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Friendly, private, £3 15s 0d Benjamin Garrard, as private, to 6 February, £1 10s 10d Benjamin Garrard, as corporal, from 7 February, £3 1s 10d Total for Benjamin Garrard, £4 12s 8d George Gunn, private, £3 15s 0d John Gilmore, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Garman, private, £3 15s 0d John Harper, as private, to 21 January, £0 17s 6d John Harper, as drummer, from 22 January, £4 0s 6d Total for John Harper, £4 18s 0d Edward Hayes, private, enlisted 22 January, £2 17s 6d Henry Horsburg, private, £3 15s 0d Roger Haydon, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Hamilton, private, £3 15s 0d Christopher Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d John Joyce, private, £3 15s 0d James Toulon, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Plumpton, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Lyne, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £130 12s 4d Carried forward, £2,684 0s 11½d Interpretations This page completes the Fourth Company's chain of promotions. On 7 February 1770, Sergeant John Hilliard was reduced, Corporal Thomas Williams took his place, and Benjamin Garrard was promoted from private to fill Williams's post as corporal. A similar exchange took place among the drummers. George Wills left the drum on 21 January, and John Harper moved from private to drummer the next day. In each case the Council filled the vacancy at once from men already in the company rather than leaving it open. Each promotion carried a higher daily rate from that date. Edward Hayes was the island boy recorded as enlisted on 22 January 1770. Here he appears among the privates at a private's rate from that date, not on the drummers' list. Island boys taken on for the drum were apparently entered on the private's establishment until a drummer's place fell vacant. That kept the number of drummers, who were paid more, within the fixed allowance. | |
195 | 1770 Brought Over £ 2684 11 1/2 Private brought Over £ 130 12 4 Charles Lewellen 3 15 Murdoch McCloud 3 15 Thos. McDearman 3 15 John Meyer 3 15 Robt. May 3 15 Will. Morgan 3 15 Jonathan Mallet 3 15 John Moyce 3 15 John Newton 3 15 James Newport 3 15 John Oswald 3 15 Danl. Patrick 3 15 John Pluck 3 15 Will. Parker 3 15 Thos. Pritchard 3 15 John Pink 3 15 Benjamin Poole to 20th March disch. 3 5 10 James Richardson 3 15 Thoms. Rutherford 3 15 John Shaw 3 15 Will. Scotman 3 15 John Slade 3 15 William Steadman 3 15 William Sharp 3 15 James Sax 3 15 John Tottedell 3 15 Stephen Vanderhorst 3 15 John West 3 15 Jeremiah Thorrill 3 15 Private Carrd. over £ 238 18 2 Carrd. over £ 2684 11 1/2 | The privates of the Fourth Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £2,684 0s 11½d Privates brought forward, £130 12s 4d Charles Lewellen, private, £3 15s 0d Murdoch McCloud, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas McDearman, private, £3 15s 0d John Moyse, private, £3 15s 0d Robert May, private, £3 15s 0d William Morgan, private, £3 15s 0d Jonathan Mallet, private, £3 15s 0d John Moyes, private, £3 15s 0d John Newton, private, £3 15s 0d James Newport, private, £3 15s 0d John Oswald, private, £3 15s 0d Daniel Patrick, private, £3 15s 0d John Pluck, private, £3 15s 0d William Parker, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Pritchard, private, £3 15s 0d John Ponk, private, £3 15s 0d Benjamin Poole, private, to 20 March, discharged, £3 5s 10d James Richardson, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Rutherford, private, £3 15s 0d John Shaw, private, £3 15s 0d William Scotman, private, £3 15s 0d John Steele, private, £3 15s 0d William Steadman, private, £3 15s 0d William Sharp, private, £3 15s 0d James Sax, private, £3 15s 0d John Tattersall, private, £3 15s 0d Stephen Vanderhorst, private, £3 15s 0d John West, private, £3 15s 0d Jeremiah Whorrill, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried forward, £238 18s 2d Carried forward, £2,684 0s 11½d | |
196 | 16th April Brought Over £ 2684 11 1/2 Private brought Over £ 238 18 2 William West 3 15 Thomas Watts 3 15 James Willson 3 15 Samuel Willson 3 15 Peter White 3 15 John Wood 3 15 John Woods to 20th March 3 15 264 14 Artillery Company viz. Thos. Leech 1st Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4 1/2 John Shirley 2 Lieut. 22 16 3 do. Diet Money 6 16 10 1/2 do. House Rent 2 10 32 3 1 1/2 Robt. Gibson 2 Lieut. upon half pay 13 13 9 do. Diet Money 3 8 5 1/2 do. House Rent 1 5 18 7 2 1/2 Sergeants viz. John Whitchurch 9 Adam Watson 9 Nicholas Hoxton 9 John Turner 9 36 Carried Over £ 3071 19 8 | The privates of the Fourth Company closed with the last names on the roll. The Artillery Company followed. Brought forward, £2,684 0s 11½d Privates brought forward, £238 18s 2d William Wath, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Watts, private, £3 15s 0d James Wilson, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Wilson, private, £3 15s 0d Peter White, private, £3 15s 0d John Wood, private, £3 15s 0d John Woods, private, to 20 March, £3 15s 0d Total for privates of the Fourth Company, £264 14s 0d Thomas Leach, first lieutenant of the Artillery Company, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Leach, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Leach, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Leach, £36 14s 4½d John Starkey, second lieutenant, pay, £22 16s 3d John Starkey, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Starkey, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Starkey, £32 3s 1½d Robert Gibson, second lieutenant on half pay, pay, £13 13s 9d Robert Gibson, diet money, £3 8s 5½d Robert Gibson, house rent, £1 5s 0d Total for Robert Gibson, £18 7s 2½d John Whitchurch, sergeant, £9 0s 0d Adam Watson, sergeant, £9 0s 0d Nicholas Heeton, sergeant, £9 0s 0d John Turner, sergeant, £9 0s 0d Total for sergeants, £36 0s 0d Carried forward, £3,071 19s 8d Interpretations The Artillery Company paid its sergeants £9 a quarter, a fifth more than the £7 10s 0d paid to infantry sergeants. Gunnery took skill. A sergeant had to judge charges, lay guns at the right elevation, fuse shells and keep the powder safe, and an error could be fatal. The death of Daniel Armin in the magazine at Munden's Point on 5 October 1769 showed what was at stake. The higher rate was the price of keeping men who could do that work. Robert Gibson was carried on half pay. He drew half his lieutenant's pay, half the diet money and half the house rent. Half pay normally kept an officer on the establishment while he was not on full duty, perhaps because of sickness, leave or the lack of a vacancy. That way the Company kept a trained artillery officer available without paying for him in full. John Whitchurch, the first of the sergeants, was also one of William Holbrook's creditors, with a bill of £3 4s 10½d against the estate. | |
197 | 1770 Brought Over £ 3071 19 8 Corporals viz. James Parfett 6 15 Thos. Tyler 6 15 Samuel Smith 6 15 Thos. Jones 6 15 27 Bombardiers viz. Sedgwick Wetherall 6 15 Charles Abraham 6 15 John Carfoot 6 15 Benj. Holmes 6 15 27 Gunners viz. John Smith 6 Thos. Yates 6 William Hadell 6 Saml. Ringrose 6 George King 6 James Waller 6 Will. Pink 6 William Crabb 6 48 Drummers viz. George Charriott 5 5 Joseph Purdy 5 5 10 10 Matrosses viz. William Allen from 23 January 3 8 Benjamin Burton 4 10 William Blavin 4 10 Matrosses Carried over £ 12 8 Carrd. over £ 3184 9 8 | The Artillery Company's list continued with its corporals, bombardiers, gunners, drummers and matrosses. The total brought forward was £3,071 19s 8d. Brought forward, £3,071 19s 8d James Parfett, corporal, £6 15s 0d Thomas Tyler, corporal, £6 15s 0d Samuel Smith, corporal, £6 15s 0d Thomas Jones, corporal, £6 15s 0d Total for corporals, £27 0s 0d Sedgwick Witherall, bombardier, £6 15s 0d Charles Abraham, bombardier, £6 15s 0d John Carfoot, bombardier, £6 15s 0d Benjamin Holmes, bombardier, £6 15s 0d Total for bombardiers, £27 0s 0d John Smith, gunner, £6 0s 0d Thomas Yates, gunner, £6 0s 0d William Hassell, gunner, £6 0s 0d Samuel Ringrose, gunner, £6 0s 0d George King, gunner, £6 0s 0d James Waller, gunner, £6 0s 0d William Pink, gunner, £6 0s 0d William Crabb, gunner, £6 0s 0d Total for gunners, £48 0s 0d George Charrett, drummer, £5 5s 0d Joseph Purdy, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £10 10s 0d William [...], matross, from 23 January, £3 8s 0d Benjamin Burton, matross, £4 10s 0d William Blavin, matross, £4 10s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £12 8s 0d Carried forward, £3,184 9s 8d Interpretations The artillery had a pay ladder of its own, and every step paid more than the matching infantry rank. A matross was the lowest artillery soldier. He hauled, sponged and loaded the guns under a gunner's orders, and earned £4 10s 0d a quarter against an infantry private's £3 15s 0d. A gunner, who laid and fired the piece, earned £6. A bombardier earned £6 15s 0d. The bombardier ranked with a corporal and was originally the man who handled shells and mortars, filling and fusing them. Each rung up the ladder meant more training in the dangerous handling of powder and shot, and the pay rose with it. The matross whose surname was left blank began his artillery pay on 23 January 1770. The Fourth Company's roll shows William Allen moved to the artillery on 22 January, with his infantry pay ending that day. The two entries fit together, so the blank matross was almost certainly William Allen. An infantry private moved into the artillery entered at its lowest rank, and the move alone raised his pay by a fifth. | |
198 | 16th April Brought Over £ 3184 9 8 Matrosses brought Over £ 12 8 John Cope 4 10 John Crisswell 4 10 Robt. Cunningham 4 10 Philip Connaway 4 10 Matthw. Charlton 4 10 John Coleman 4 10 William Durham 4 10 Matthew Dunkell 4 10 James Dunn 4 10 Robt. Franklish 4 10 John Fox 4 10 Christn. Grunewald 4 10 Thomas Green 4 10 Thomas Gorrell 4 10 John Glimney 4 10 James Gillman 4 10 William Hodges to 22 Janry. 1 2 William Harper 4 10 Owen Howard 4 10 Alexr. Henderson 4 10 Francis Harding 4 10 William Jenkins 4 10 George Marshal 4 10 John More 4 10 Patrick Mahany 4 10 Thos. Nimble 4 10 Isaac Newland 4 10 Robt. Nichols 4 10 William Phillips 4 10 Matrosses Carried over £ 139 10 Carrd. over £ 3184 9 8 | The matrosses of the Artillery Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £3,184 9s 8d Matrosses brought forward, £12 8s 0d John Cope, matross, £4 10s 0d John Criswell, matross, £4 10s 0d Robert Cunningham, matross, £4 10s 0d Philip Connaway, matross, £4 10s 0d Matthew Charlton, matross, £4 10s 0d John Coleman, matross, £4 10s 0d William Durham, matross, £4 10s 0d Matthew Dunhill, matross, £4 10s 0d James Dunn, matross, £4 10s 0d Robert Frankish, matross, £4 10s 0d John Fox, matross, £4 10s 0d Christopher Greenawald, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Green, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Gorrell, matross, £4 10s 0d John Glimney, matross, £4 10s 0d James Gillman, matross, £4 10s 0d William Hodges, matross, to 22 January, £1 2s 0d William Harper, matross, £4 10s 0d Owen Howard, matross, £4 10s 0d Alexander Henderson, matross, £4 10s 0d Francis Harding, matross, £4 10s 0d William Jenkins, matross, £4 10s 0d George Marshal, matross, £4 10s 0d John Moore, matross, £4 10s 0d Patrick Mahony, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Nimble, matross, £4 10s 0d Isaac Newland, matross, £4 10s 0d Robert Nichols, matross, £4 10s 0d William Phillips, matross, £4 10s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £139 10s 0d Carried forward, £3,184 9s 8d | |
199 | 1770 Brought Over £ 3184 9 8 Matrosses brought Over £ 139 10 James Peacock 4 10 William Robinson 4 10 William Stone to 22 March 4 1 Andrew Schooner 4 10 Godfrey Smith 4 10 Andrew Tedrick 4 10 Richd. Waterhouse 4 10 John Willson 4 10 George Washington 4 10 Samuel Wood 4 10 John White from 23 March 9 William Stapleford 4 10 189 Pensioners vizt. Nathan Sampell 13 15 11 Mary Beale 7 10 Elizabeth Kennedy 7 10 John Lemon 3 8 3 32 4 2 £ 3405 13 10 | The Artillery Company's matrosses closed with the last names on the roll. The pensioners followed, and the list ended with its grand total. Brought forward, £3,184 9s 8d Matrosses brought forward, £139 10s 0d James Peacock, matross, £4 10s 0d William Robinson, matross, £4 10s 0d William Stone, matross, to 22 March, £4 1s 0d Andrew Schoorer, matross, £4 10s 0d Godfrey Smith, matross, £4 10s 0d Andrew Tedrick, matross, £4 10s 0d Richard Waterhouse, matross, £4 10s 0d John Wilson, matross, £4 10s 0d George Washington, matross, £4 10s 0d Samuel Wood, matross, £4 10s 0d John White, matross, from 23 March, £0 9s 0d William Stapleford, matross, £4 10s 0d Total for matrosses, £189 0s 0d Nathan Sampell, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Mary Beale, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Kennedy, pensioner, £7 10s 0d John Lemon, pensioner, £3 8s 3d Total for pensioners, £32 4s 2d Total of salaries, pay and allowances for the quarter, £3,405 13s 10d Interpretations The Company kept a small pension list alongside its paid establishment. Two of the four pensioners were women, each paid £7 10s 0d a quarter, the same as a sergeant. Mary Beale was perhaps the widow of Richard Beale senior, the judge advocate and schoolmaster who died on 7 October 1769, and the mother of Captain Richard Beale of the Third Company. Widows of the Company's servants on the island had no parish relief worth the name and no passage home. A pension kept them from falling on the charity of the vestry, and it kept faith with the families of men whose sons still served. John Lemon drew a smaller pension and was probably the John Lemmon whose bill of 10s 6d stood against William Holbrook's estate. The quarter's establishment came to £3,405 13s 10d. That was close to the usual bill of about £3,460, and slightly lower. The difference came from the men discharged, dead or transferred in January and March, whose pay stopped on those dates. It was only partly offset by new recruits, who drew pay only from the day they enlisted. | |
200 | 16th April Dr. William Wrangham 1770 March 31st To Cash from Chest £ 4432 14 6 Carried Over £ 4432 14 6 | The paymaster's account followed. William Wrangham was debited with the money he had drawn from the treasury chest. 31 March 1770, cash drawn from the treasury chest, £4,432 14s 6d Carried forward, £4,432 14s 6d Interpretations William Wrangham, as paymaster, took £4,432 14s 6d out of the treasury chest for the quarter. The pay list just entered came to only £3,405 13s 10d, so more than £1,000 of the cash he drew went on payments outside the salaries and military pay. Those were probably wages for hired labour and slaves on the works, and the gratuities and incidental charges that would appear on the credit side of his account. The withdrawal was a large share of the island's coin. On 28 February 1770 the treasury had held £9,996 1s 10½d in specie. A single quarter's payments therefore took close to half of it. The Council depended on bills, certificates and warehouse sales to bring coin back into the chest before the next quarter fell due. | |
201 | Paymaster Cr. 1770 Janry. 1 By Cash paid Augustin Hitchcock for working 13 Weeks in the Honble. Companys Garden last Quarter at 6/ pr. Week 3 18 20 By do. paid John Robinson for 75 Rafters to repair the Blacks House at Maldivia Garden, 6d. ea. 3 15 By do. paid do. for the following to Repair the Alarm House at the Ridge viz 25 Rafters £ 1 3 6 Loads Laths 15 2 do. Binders 5 2 3 By do. paid do. for 2 Loads Laths for the Peak House 5 By do. paid James Gillman for making a Union Flag for Mundens Battery 15 By do. paid Captn. Payne of Ship Pensborne for the Passage of John Dobson and William Brown two Soldiers to England 10 By do. paid Solomon St. Maurice half the Expence of a Wall built by him upon the Bank of the Water Course for the safety of Passengers 12 3 8 Feby. 7 By do. paid the Society for 10 Gallons Brandy and 10 Gallns. Rum at 4/5 pr. Gallon for the Honble. Companys Table 4 8 4 16 By do. paid John Glimney 13 Weeks Work in sewing Heads for Budge Barrels 19 6 26 By do. pd. Captn. John Waddell for a Long Boat with Oars &c 25 By do. paid do. for the Passage of Silvanus Rolph to England 5 By do. paid Silvanus Rolph 3 days subsistance 1 6 Carried Over £ 68 9 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster listed the payments he made out of that cash. The first page covered January and February 1770. 1 January 1770, Augustine Hitchcock, 13 weeks' work in the Company's garden last quarter at 6s a week, £3 18s 0d 20 January 1770, John Robinson, 75 rafters to repair the slaves' house at Maldivia Garden, £3 15s 0d John Robinson, 23 rafters to repair the alarm house at the Ridge, £1 3s 0d John Robinson, 6 loads of laths for the alarm house at the Ridge, £0 15s 0d John Robinson, 2 loads of binders for the alarm house at the Ridge, £0 5s 0d Total for the alarm house at the Ridge, £2 3s 0d John Robinson, 2 loads of laths for the Peak house, £0 5s 0d James Gillman, making a Union flag for Munden's Battery, £0 15s 0d Captain Payne of the Ponsborne, for the passage of John Dobson and William Brown, two soldiers, to England, £10 0s 0d. Solomon St Maurice, half the cost of a wall he built on the bank of the watercourse for the safety of travellers, £12 3s 8d 7 February 1770, the Society, 10 gallons of brandy and 10 gallons of rum at 4s 5d a gallon for the Company's table, £4 8s 4d 16 February 1770, John Glimney, 13 weeks' work sewing heads for budge barrels, £0 19s 6d 26 February 1770, Captain John Waddell, a longboat with oars and fittings, £25 0s 0d Captain John Waddell, passage of Silvanus Rolph to England, £5 0s 0d Silvanus Rolph, 3 days' subsistence, £0 1s 6d Carried forward, £63 9s 0d Interpretations The spirits for the Company's table were bought from the Society. That was the arrack society in which Matthew Purling, a member of Council and its accountant, held a three-eighths share. The Council was paying its own public table's drink bill to a business partly owned by one of its members, and that member kept the accounts in which the payment appeared. Nothing in the entry suggests the price of 4s 5d a gallon was inflated. Still, the arrangement meant a councillor profited from a Company expense that he himself helped to approve. The Company paid the passage home of soldiers it discharged and covered their keep until they sailed. Silvanus Rolph was discharged on 19 February 1770, and on 26 February the Company paid £5 for his passage and 1s 6d for three days' food. A discharged man had no way to leave the island on his own, and without a passage he would have become a burden on the parish or a source of disorder. Paying ships' captains a fixed fare cleared him off the island at a known cost. Solomon St Maurice built the wall along the watercourse at his own initiative, and the Company paid half its cost. The wall protected the public path. It probably also protected his own land or house beside the stream. The Council split the cost rather than paying all of it or none, which acknowledged both the public benefit and the private one. Budge barrels were small, copper-hooped powder barrels with a leather head drawn shut by a string. They carried loose powder from the magazine to the guns without spilling sparks or grains. John Glimney was paid to sew their leather heads, work that went with the new magazine at Munden's Point and the flags made for its battery. | |
202 | 16th April Dr. William Wrangham 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 4432 14 6 Carried Over £ 4432 14 6 | William Wrangham's debit side carried the same sum onto a new page. No further entries were made against him there. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £4,432 14s 6d Carried forward, £4,432 14s 6d | |
203 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 Feby. 28th Brought Over £ 68 9 By Cash paid the Clerk of Arraignments and Parator of the Court of Justice 12 6 Mar. 16th By do. paid Robert Hardy for pounding a Hog belongg. to the Company 5 By do. paid for the following for the Use of the Honble. Companys Table vizt. 357 Beef £ 7 8 9 2 Cabbages 2 7 Ducks 10 6 6 Turkeys 1 10 30 Fowls 3 15 4 Pigs 1 18 doz Eggs 1 7 ½ Firkin Butter 2 1 Jar Ginger 13 1 Bottle Soy 1 6 3 Gro Corks 7 6 3 doz Bottles 4 6 1 doz Plates 7 Potatoes 3 3 6 Geese 1 10 21 2 20th By do. paid Captn. Scott of Ship Quaker for the Passage of Benjamin Poole and Thomas Pitts two Invalid Soldiers to England 10 31st By do. paid the Fife Major for teaching the Young Fifers 273 days 6 17 6 By do. paid James Gaudy for writing the Courts Martial this Quarter 2 10 Carried over £ 109 16 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued from the total of £63 9s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £63 9s 0d 28 February 1770, the clerk of arraignments and the apparitor of the Court of Justice, £0 12s 6d 16 March 1770, Robert Hardy, for impounding a hog belonging to the Company, £0 5s 0d Beef for the Company's table, 357 lb, £7 8s 9d Cabbages for the Company's table, 2, £0 2s 0d Ducks for the Company's table, 7, £0 10s 6d Turkeys for the Company's table, 6, £1 10s 0d Fowls for the Company's table, 30, £3 15s 0d Pigs for the Company's table, 4, £1 0s 0d Eggs for the Company's table, 18 dozen, £1 7s 0d Butter for the Company's table, ½ firkin, £2 0s 0d Ginger for the Company's table, 1 jar, £0 13s 0d Soy for the Company's table, 1 bottle, £0 1s 6d Corks for the Company's table, 3 gross, £0 7s 6d Bottles for the Company's table, 3 dozen, £0 4s 6d Plates for the Company's table, 1 dozen, £0 7s 0d Potatoes for the Company's table, £0 3s 3d Geese for the Company's table, 6, £1 10s 0d Total for the Company's table, £21 2s 0d 20 March 1770, Captain Scott of the Speaker, for the passage of Benjamin Poole and Thomas Mills, two invalid soldiers, to England, £10 0s 0d. 31 March 1770, the fife major, for teaching the young fifers for 273 days, £6 17s 6d James Goudy, for writing up the courts martial this quarter, £2 10s 0d Carried forward, £109 18s 0d Interpretations James Goudy, the Third Company sergeant paid at the special rate of 2s 8d a day, was also paid £2 10s 0d for writing up the quarter's courts martial. That explains the special rate: he was the literate sergeant who kept the garrison's legal records. The minutes of a court martial had to be written fair and sent home with the packets, because the Court in London reviewed the sentences passed on its soldiers. On an island where few of the rank and file could write, a sergeant who could produce clean legal copy was worth a premium, so his skill was paid twice, once in his daily rate and again by the piece. The Company's table drew on the island's own farms and gardens for fresh food. It bought beef at about 5d a pound, fowls at 2s 6d each, turkeys and geese at 5s, and eggs at 1s 6d a dozen. Prices for poultry and eggs were well above those in an English market town at the same date, because the island's small farms had a captive market in the Castle and the ships in the road. The bottle of soy is the more striking item. Soy sauce, brought from China or Japan on the Company's ships, was still an expensive novelty in England, sold by a few London grocers as a relish. At the Governor's table on St Helena it cost only 1s 6d a bottle and was an ordinary condiment. Benjamin Poole was discharged from the Fourth Company on 20 March 1770, and his passage home was paid the same day. He and Thomas Mills were sent home as invalids, unfit for further service. Arranging the discharge and the passage together kept a sick man off the pay list and out of the hospital from the moment a ship was ready to take him. The fee to Robert Hardy for impounding a Company hog shows that the Company's own livestock was subject to the island's rules against stray animals. Anyone whose beast was found loose, even the Company, paid the pound-keeper's fee to have it released. | |
204 | The debit side of William Wrangham's account again moved to a fresh page with nothing added. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £4,432 14s 6d Carried forward, £4,432 14s 6d | 16th April Dr. William Wrangham 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 4432 14 6 Carried Over £ 4432 14 6 | |
205 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 109 16 By Cash paid Noqueda Poucolum instead of 13 pieces Salt Meat 1 6 By do. pd. do. his Allowance 1 12 6 By do. paid do. his House Rent 1 By do. paid Massfunge his Allowance 1 12 6 By do. paid do. his House Rent 1 By do. paid Augustine Hitchcock for Working 13 Weeks in the Honble. Company's Garden this Quarter at 6/ pr. Week 3 18 By do. paid the Constable for Rats and Mice destroyed this Quarter 15 By do. paid William Jenkins for Baking 39 Batches Bread this Quarter for the Garrison 9 15 By do. paid Mr. Richd. Bagley for 6¼ Onions and 1 Bushel Potatoes for the Table 1 15 By do. paid James Gillman for making a Union Flag for the Main Fort 1 5 By do. paid several Soldiers for bringing Stores from the Crane &c. from Ships Hampshire Cruttenden, Glatton, Quaker Deptford & Ankerwyke 5 7 3 By do. paid for the following Work in setting up Gun Carriages vizt. 31 days Smiths Work £ 3 16 6 39 do. Carpenters do. 4 8 6 23½ do. Painters do. 1 18 3 10 3 3 By do. paid 20 days Labourers in clearing the Water Course 1 Carried over £ 150 5 6 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued from the total of £109 16s 0d brought forward. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £109 16s 0d Noqueda Soocolum, cash in place of 13 pieces of salt meat, £1 6s 0d Noqueda Soocolum, his allowance, £1 12s 6d Noqueda Soocolum, his house rent, £1 0s 0d Massapunge, his allowance, £1 12s 6d Massapunge, his house rent, £1 0s 0d Augustine Hitchcock, 13 weeks' work in the Company's garden this quarter at 6s a week, £3 18s 0d The constable, for rats and mice destroyed this quarter, £0 15s 0d William Jenkins, baking 39 batches of bread for the garrison this quarter, £9 15s 0d Richard Bagley, 63 lb of onions and 1 bushel of potatoes for the table, £1 15s 0d James Gillman, making a Union flag for the main fort, £1 5s 0d Several soldiers, for carrying stores from the crane and elsewhere, landed from the Hampshire, Cruttenden, Glatton, Speaker, Deptford and Ankerwyke, £5 7s 3d. Smiths' work setting up gun carriages, 31 days, £3 16s 6d Carpenters' work setting up gun carriages, 39 days, £4 8s 6d Painters' work setting up gun carriages, 23½ days, £1 18s 3d Total for gun carriages, £10 3s 3d Labourers clearing the watercourse, 20 days, £1 0s 0d Carried forward, £150 5s 6d Interpretations Noqueda Soocolum and Massapunge were the headmen of the Company's Malays. Noqueda came from nakhoda, the Persian and Malay word for the master of a trading vessel. It was used across the eastern seas as a title of rank, which suggests Soocolum had once commanded a ship before he came to St Helena. The two men were not rationed with the rest from the warehouse. Each drew a cash allowance and house rent of his own, and Soocolum was even paid money in place of salt meat. That treatment set them apart from the Malays in the stores account and far above the African slaves in the Black Square. Using headmen to manage a group of eastern workers, and paying them as minor officials, was standard practice in the Company's Asian settlements. The Council carried that practice over to St Helena. Soldiers were paid extra for heavy labour outside their military duties. Carrying stores up from the crane at the landing, out of six ships in the quarter, earned the men £5 7s 3d between them. That was cheaper than hiring free labour and gave the soldiers a welcome addition to their pay. The constable was paid a bounty for the rats and mice destroyed, a standing measure against the vermin that spoiled grain and salt meat in the stores. William Jenkins was paid by the batch for baking the garrison's bread. The flour came from the warehouse and only the baking was bought, so the Company kept control of its most valuable food stock. | |
206 | 16th April Dr. William Wrangham 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 4432 14 6 Carried Over £ 4432 14 6 | Another fresh page carried William Wrangham's debit total forward without any new charge against him. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £4,432 14s 6d Carried forward, £4,432 14s 6d | |
207 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 150 5 6 By Cash paid for the following Work at the Demi Bastion in James's Valley vizt. 59½ days Smiths Work £ 4 9 3 82 do. Carpenters do. 6 3 98½ do. Overseers do. 7 7 9 268½ do. Stone Cutters do. 20 2 9 105 do. Stone blowers 7 17 6 91 do. Lime Burners 6 16 6 105 do. Overseers 5 5 2818 do. Labourers 140 18 3 199 By do. paid for the following Work at Mundens Battery viz 35 days Stone Cutters Work £ 2 12 6 67 do. Stone blowers 5 6 34 do. Overseers 2 11 10 do. Smiths 15 12 do. Painters 18 37¼ do. Overseers 1 17 3 1841½ do. Labourers 92 1 3 62 do. Carpenters 3 2 8 do. Sawyers 12 111 9 6 By do. paid 23¾ days Smiths Work making Rails for the Mount 1 15 8 9 By do. paid 6 days Painters Work at the Castle 1 11 9 By do. paid 31½ do. Labourrs. do. at do. 3 By do. paid 2 days Smiths do. in Repairing the Lieut. Governors House 8 7 By do. paid 5¾ days Painters do. at do. 3 16 6 By do. paid 76½ do. Labourrs. do. at do. Carried Over £ 468 19 6 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued from the total of £150 5s 6d brought forward. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £150 5s 6d Smiths' work at the demi-bastion in James's Valley, 39½ days, £4 9s 3d Excavators' work at the demi-bastion, 32 days, £6 3s 0d Overseers' work at the demi-bastion, 93½ days, £7 7s 9d Stonecutters' work at the demi-bastion, 268½ days, £20 2s 9d Stone blowers' work at the demi-bastion, 105 days, £7 17s 6d Lime burners' work at the demi-bastion, 91 days, £6 16s 6d Overseers' work at the demi-bastion, 105 days, £3 5s 0d Labourers' work at the demi-bastion, 2,018 days, £140 18s 3d Total for the demi-bastion, £199 0s 0d Stonecutters' work at Munden's Battery, 35 days, £2 12s 6d Stone blowers' work at Munden's Battery, 67 days, £5 0s 6d Overseers' work at Munden's Battery, 34 days, £2 11s 0d Smiths' work at Munden's Battery, 10 days, £0 15s 0d Painters' work at Munden's Battery, 12 days, £0 18s 0d Overseers' work at Munden's Battery, 37¼ days, £1 17s 3d Labourers' work at Munden's Battery, 1,841¼ days, £92 1s 3d Carpenters' work at Munden's Battery, 62 days, £5 2s 0d Sawyers' work at Munden's Battery, 8 days, £0 12s 0d Total for Munden's Battery, £111 9s 6d Smiths' work making rails for the Mount, 23¾ days, £1 15s 8d Painters' work at the Castle, 6 days, £0 9s 0d Labourers' work at the Castle, 31¼ days, £1 11s 9d Smiths' work repairing the Lieutenant Governor's house, 2 days, £0 3s 0d Painters' work at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 5¾ days, £0 8s 7d Labourers' work at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 76½ days, £3 16s 6d Carried forward, £453 19s 6d Interpretations The works on the island ran on hired labour, and most of the cost went to plain labourers rather than skilled tradesmen. In the quarter, the demi-bastion in James's Valley took 2,018 labourer-days and Munden's Battery another 1,841, at between 1s and 1s 4d a day. Many of these labourers were slaves hired from their owners, with the wages paid to the owner rather than to the worker. Matthew Purling was among the councillors who hired slaves to the works. A councillor who voted for a building programme therefore also profited from supplying the labour for it, and the rate he was paid appeared in accounts he himself kept. Stone blowers were the men who split rock with gunpowder. They drilled holes in the basalt, charged them with powder and fired them, then the stonecutters dressed the broken blocks for the masons. St Helena's hard volcanic rock could not be quarried by wedges and picks alone. Lime burners kept kilns going to turn shells and limestone into the lime for mortar, which the lime bags in the stores account carried to the works. A demi-bastion was a half-bastion, an angled earthwork or masonry projection with a single face and flank. It was used where the ground allowed only half the full shape, as at the narrow mouth of James's Valley. Its guns could sweep the beach and the face of the main line. | |
208 | 16th April Dr. William Wrangham 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 4432 14 6 Carried Over £ 4432 14 6 | William Wrangham's debit side ran onto one more page, and his total of £4,432 14s 6d stood unchanged. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £4,432 14s 6d Carried forward, £4,432 14s 6d | |
209 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 468 19 6 By Cash paid 20¼ days Work in Repairing the Main Guard House 1 3 By do. paid 4 days Sawyers do. at do. 6 By do. paid 26¼ do. Carpenters Work in making Cotts for the Garrison 1 19 9 By do. paid 10 days Sawyers do. for do. 15 By do. paid 4 do. do. in Repairg. the Long Boats 6 By do. paid 73½ do. Carpentrs. Work for do. 5 10 3 By do. paid 35 do. Labor Work in Repairing the Blacks Hospital 2 13 By do. paid 16 do. do. in Repairing the Chaplains House 16 By do. paid 16 do. Work making Sails for the Long Boats 1 4 By do. paid for the following Work at Lemon Valley Fortification vizt. 32 days Stone Blowers £ 2 8 16 do. Overseers 1 4 216½ do. Labourers 10 16 3 14 8 3 By do. paid for Building a Lime House vizt. 6 days Overseers £ 9 124 do. Labourers 6 8 6 17 By do. paid Sundry Soldiers for coming express upon Alarms made for Ships to Windward 5 Carried Over £ 509 17 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued from the total of £468 19s 6d brought forward. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £468 19s 6d Work repairing the main guardhouse, 20¾ days, £1 0s 3d Sawyers' work at the main guardhouse, 4 days, £0 6s 0d Carpenters' work making cots for the garrison, 26¾ days, £1 19s 9d Sawyers' work for the cots, 10 days, £0 15s 0d Sawyers' work repairing the longboats, 4 days, £0 6s 0d Carpenters' work on the longboats, 73½ days, £5 10s 3d Labourers' work repairing the slave hospital, 35 days, £2 13s 0d Labourers' work repairing the chaplain's house, 16 days, £0 16s 0d Work making sails for the longboat, 16 days, £1 4s 0d Stone blowers' work at the Lemon Valley fortification, 32 days, £2 8s 0d Overseers' work at the Lemon Valley fortification, 16 days, £1 4s 0d Labourers' work at the Lemon Valley fortification, 216½ days, £10 16s 3d Total for Lemon Valley, £14 8s 3d Overseers' work building a lime house, 6 days, £0 9s 0d Labourers' work building a lime house, 124 days, £6 8s 0d Total for the lime house, £6 17s 0d Sundry soldiers, for running express when alarms were raised for ships to windward, £5 0s 0d Carried forward, £509 17s 0d Interpretations The island's warning system ran on signals and runners. When a lookout on the high ground sighted a ship approaching from windward, an alarm was raised. Soldiers were then paid to carry the report at speed to the Castle, so the Governor knew of the ship hours before she reached the road. A ship coming from the south-east could not be seen from James Town until she was close, and there was no telling until then whether she was a Company ship, a foreign trader or an enemy. The Company paid £5 for these runs in a single quarter. That shows how often ships were sighted and how seriously the warning was taken. The alarm house at the Ridge, repaired in January with new rafters and laths, was one of the posts from which these alarms were raised. The Lemon Valley works were still small at the end of the quarter. They took only 216½ labourer-days and 32 days of blasting, against more than 2,000 labourer-days at the demi-bastion. The Council ordered the walls there on 12 February 1770, so by 31 March the ground had only been cleared and stone blasted for the foundations. The new lime house went with the larger building programme, giving the island a covered store to keep burnt lime dry until the masons needed it. | |
210 | 16th April Dr. William Wrangham 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 4432 14 6 Carried Over £ 4432 14 6 | William Wrangham's debit side again carried his single charge of £4,432 14s 6d onto a blank page. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £4,432 14s 6d Carried forward, £4,432 14s 6d | |
211 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 509 17 By Cash paid the following Persons for Enlisting to serve the Honble. Company 5 Years as Soldiers Subject to the Articles of War their Respective times to commence as following vizt. Edward Hayes from 22 January £ 2 Benjamin Courtney 29th do. 4 James Brown 23 Feby. 5 John Willson 16th March 10 John Coulson 16 do. 10 Saml. Howard 17 do. 6 Timothy Walton 17 do. 6 Richd. Wallace 20 do. 7 John White 23 do. 6 56 By do. paid the following discharged Soldiers for Relisting to serve the Honble. Company 5 Years longer as Soldiers subject to the Articles of War their Respective times to commence as following vizt. Duncan McLaren from 12th Feby. £ 10 Henry Miller 6 Mar. 10 John Brown 10 do. 10 John Thompson 10 do. 10 Charles Abraham Saml. Johnson Gregory Southwood John Brill Archibald Graham 20th do. 10 10 10 10 10 Carried over £ 90 Carried over £ 565 17 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued with the bounties paid for enlisting. The total brought forward was £509 17s 0d. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £509 17s 0d Edward Hayes, enlisted for 5 years from 22 January, £2 0s 0d Benjamin Courtney, enlisted for 5 years from 29 January, £4 0s 0d James Brown, enlisted for 5 years from 23 February, £5 0s 0d John Wilson, enlisted for 5 years from 16 March, £10 0s 0d John Coulson, enlisted for 5 years from 16 March, £10 0s 0d Samuel Harvant, enlisted for 5 years from 17 March, £6 0s 0d Timothy Walters, enlisted for 5 years from 17 March, £6 0s 0d Richard Wallace, enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £7 0s 0d John White, enlisted for 5 years from 23 March, £6 0s 0d Total for new enlistments, £56 0s 0d Duncan McLaren, discharged soldier, re-enlisted for 5 years from 12 February, £10 0s 0d Henry Miller, discharged soldier, re-enlisted for 5 years from 6 March, £10 0s 0d John Brown, discharged soldier, re-enlisted for 5 years from 10 March, £10 0s 0d John Thompson, discharged soldier, re-enlisted for 5 years from 10 March, £10 0s 0d Charles Abraham, discharged soldier, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d Samuel Johnson, discharged soldier, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d Gregory Southwood, discharged soldier, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d John Brett, discharged soldier, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d Archibald Graham, discharged soldier, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d Total for re-enlistments, £90 0s 0d Carried forward, £565 17s 0d Every man enlisted to serve the Company as a soldier for 5 years under the Articles of War, with his term running from the date shown. Interpretations The Council paid more to keep a trained soldier than to find a new one. A man whose five years had run out and who agreed to serve five more received a flat £10. New recruits got between £2 and £10. Edward Hayes, the island boy taken on as a drummer, received only £2. A man discharged and sent home cost the Company £5 for his passage and left a gap to be filled by a raw recruit, so the £10 bounty was the cheaper choice. It also kept men who knew the island, its batteries and its drill. The nine re-enlistments were made at the same time as the March discharges. On 20 March 1770 alone, while James Avery, William Clissold and others took their discharge, five time-expired men took the bounty to stay, Bombardier Charles Abraham among them. The bounties for new recruits rose as the quarter went on. Men enlisted in January and February received £4 or £5. Those taken in mid-March, when several Company ships were in the road, got up to £10. Recruits came mostly from among seamen and passengers willing to stay on the island, and the Council had to outbid the wages a sailor could expect on the voyage home. The higher bounties in March show the Council paying whatever it took to replace the men it was losing in that month's discharges. | |
212 | 16th April Dr. William Wrangham 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 4432 14 6 Carried over £ 4432 14 6 | The page facing the paymaster's payments again showed William Wrangham charged with nothing beyond the cash he had drawn. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £4,432 14s 6d Carried forward, £4,432 14s 6d | |
213 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 565 17 Brought Over £ 90 Thomas Ferro 10 Thomas Williams 10 Moses Griffin 10 William Parker 10 John Fox 20th March 10 William Perkis 10 Robt. Frankish 10 William Hopkins 10 John Smith 10 Thomas Gorrell 10 John Grainger 10 George Varney 10 Thomas Rogers 10 John Bowler 10 James Dunn 10 Thomas Hillock 10 Thomas Wells 10 Henry Kirkham 10 John Morris 22 March 10 William Grunwood 10 William Allen 10 John Camper 10 John Shetland 10 Patrick Kenner 10 Thomas Hyslock 10 John Martin 10 Thomas Green 10 Timothy Bryan 10 Carried Over £ 370 Carrd. Over £ 565 17 | The bounties paid to discharged soldiers who signed on again continued. The totals brought forward were £565 17s 0d for the account and £90 0s 0d for re-enlistments. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £565 17s 0d Re-enlistments brought forward, £90 0s 0d Thomas Farrow, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d Thomas Williams, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d Moses Biffen, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d William Parker, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d John Fox, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d William Pickes, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d Robert Frankish, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d William Hopkins, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d John Smith, re-enlisted for 5 years from 20 March, £10 0s 0d Thomas Gorrell, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d John Grainger, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d George Varney, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d Thomas Rogers, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d John Bowler, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d James Dunn, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d Thomas Hillock, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d Thomas Watts, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d Henry Kirkham, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d John Morris, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d William Greenwood, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d William Allen, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d John Campen, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d John Sharland, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d Patrick Konner, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d Thomas Kyloch, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d John Martin, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d Thomas Green, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d Timothy Byrne, re-enlisted for 5 years from 22 March, £10 0s 0d Re-enlistments carried forward, £370 0s 0d Carried forward, £565 17s 0d Interpretations The discharges in March 1770 came in a cluster because a whole intake's five-year terms ran out together. The men had probably enlisted in a body around March 1765, perhaps from a single ship or recruiting party. When their time expired, each had to choose between going home and serving five more years. By the end of this page, 37 of them had taken the £10 bounty to stay, at a cost of £370. Only a handful, such as James Avery, William Clissold, Edward Dudley and James Mannington, took their discharge instead. Faced with losing a large share of the garrison in a single week, the Council paid more than six times the cost of the quarter's new recruits to keep its trained men in place. The men who re-enlisted included non-commissioned officers and specialists the garrison could least afford to lose. Among them were Sergeant Thomas Williams, promoted on 7 February, and Corporal Thomas Kyloch. The drummers George Varney and John Martin signed on again, and so did the matrosses John Fox, Robert Frankish, Thomas Gorrell, James Dunn and Thomas Green. William Allen, the infantryman moved into the artillery on 22 January, signed on again exactly two months later. A flat bounty of £10, paid in one sum, kept the whole structure of the garrison intact, along with its skills. | |
214 | 16th April Dr. William Wrangham 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 4432 14 6 £ 4432 14 6 | William Wrangham's debit side closed on this page, with the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest as its only charge. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £4,432 14s 6d Total, £4,432 14s 6d | |
215 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 March 31st Brought Over £ 565 17 Brought Over £ 370 John Turner 23 March 10 Bryan Lynch 28th do. 10 John Allen 10 John Stevens 10 Thomas Windall 28 March 10 Thomas Jones 10 Jeremiah Thorrell 10 440 By Cash paid for the following for the Honble. Company's Table vizt. 135½ Beef £ 2 17 8 1 Firkin Butter 4 1 Cheese Wt. 18 18 Spice 10 Curry Ingredients 5 28 Pork 14 16 Veal 8 3 doz Eggs 4 6 2 Pigs 10 10 7 2 By do. pd. 35 days Paint Work at the Lieut. Gov. House @ 2/6 pr. day 4 7 6 By do. paid 23 days do. @ 3/ pr. day 3 9 By do. paid Daniel Corneille Esqr. his Allowance of Mutton 3 £ 1027 8 By the Amount of the Pay List £ 3405 13 10 £ 4432 14 6 St. Helena 31 March 1770 Errors Excepted (signed) Wm. Wrangham Paymaster Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of March last, which is as follows vizt. | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster ended with the last bounties, a final round of payments and the total of the pay list. The totals brought forward were £565 17s 0d for the account and £370 0s 0d for re-enlistments. 31 March 1770, brought forward, £565 17s 0d Re-enlistments brought forward, £370 0s 0d John Turner, re-enlisted for 5 years from 23 March, £10 0s 0d Bryan Lynch, re-enlisted for 5 years from 23 March, £10 0s 0d John Allen, re-enlisted for 5 years from 23 March, £10 0s 0d John Shores, re-enlisted for 5 years from 23 March, £10 0s 0d Thomas Windall, re-enlisted for 5 years from 23 March, £10 0s 0d Thomas Jones, re-enlisted for 5 years from 23 March, £10 0s 0d Jeremiah Whorrill, re-enlisted for 5 years from 23 March, £10 0s 0d Total for re-enlistments, £440 0s 0d Beef for the Company's table, 135½ lb, £2 17s 8d Butter for the Company's table, 1 firkin, £4 0s 0d Cheese for the Company's table, 1 weighing 18 lb, £0 18s 0d Spice for the Company's table, £0 10s 0d Curry ingredients for the Company's table, £0 5s 0d Pork for the Company's table, 28 lb, £0 14s 0d Veal for the Company's table, 16 lb, £0 8s 0d Eggs for the Company's table, 3 dozen, £0 4s 6d Pigs for the Company's table, 2, £0 10s 0d Total for the Company's table, £10 7s 2d Painters' work at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 35 days at 2s 6d a day, £4 7s 6d Painters' work at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 23 days at 3s a day, £3 9s 0d Daniel Corneille, his allowance in place of mutton, £3 0s 0d Total of payments, £1,027 0s 8d Amount of the pay list, £3,405 13s 10d Total, £4,432 14s 6d William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena on 31 March 1770, noting that errors were excepted. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for March. Interpretations The paymaster's account balanced exactly. Wrangham drew £4,432 14s 6d from the treasury chest and accounted for every penny of it, so no cash stayed in his hands between quarters. The Council required this so that a paymaster could never build up a private float of public money to lend or trade with, a common abuse in the Company's settlements. A cash count followed at once, which let the Council check the chest against the books immediately rather than relying on the paymaster's word. The re-enlistments finished at 44 men and £440 in bounties, more than the whole quarter's spending on the works at Munden's Battery. In the same quarter the Company's table was supplied with curry ingredients. The cooks at the Castle were preparing a dish brought back by the Company's servants from India. In England at this date curry was still an unusual dish, found in only a few cookery books. At St Helena it was an ordinary item, bought on the same footing as cheese and veal, because officers and passengers were constantly passing to and from India. Daniel Corneille received £3 in place of mutton. As Lieutenant Governor he was entitled to an allowance of fresh meat from the Company's flocks, and he took it in cash instead. That probably suited a Council keen to keep its sheep for the garrison and the ships. | |
216 | Cash Dr. 1770 1st March To Balance remaining £ 10535 16 10½ To Ship Quaker 7 8 1 23 To Ship Deptford 7 9 8 31st To James Powell received of him for Stores sold in the Quarter Ending this day 1473 17 9 To Licences for Publick Houses 12 10 To Plantation for Provision Sold 49 14 1 To Customs received ditto on 6089½ Gallons of Arrack 76 2 4½ £ 12162 18 10 Per Contra Cr. 1770 31st Mar. By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Paymaster to Pay Salarys &c. in the Quarter ending this day £ 4432 14 6 By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie 7190 9 4 In Cash Notes 539 15 7730 4 4 £ 12162 18 10 Margin Notes: 16th April | The Council's count of the Company's cash for March 1770 produced the following account. Debit 1 March 1770, balance remaining, £10,535 16s 10½d Received from the Speaker, £7 8s 1d. 23 March 1770, received from the Deptford, £7 9s 8d. 31 March 1770, from James Powell, for stores sold in the quarter ending that day, £1,473 17s 9d Licences for public houses, £12 10s 0d From the plantation, for provisions sold, £49 14s 1d Customs duty received on 6,089½ gallons of arrack, £76 2s 4½d Total, £12,162 18s 10d Credit 31 March 1770, advanced to the paymaster to pay salaries and other charges for the quarter ending that day, £4,432 14s 6d Balance remaining in coin, £7,190 9s 4d Balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £7,730 4s 4d Total, £12,162 18s 10d Interpretations The treasury's coin fell sharply over the month. On 28 February 1770 the chest held £9,996 1s 10½d in coin. By 31 March only £7,190 9s 4d remained, with a further £539 15s 0d in cash notes. The paymaster's quarterly drawing of £4,432 14s 6d did most of the damage. Less than half of it came back, mainly through the warehouse, whose sales returned £1,473 17s 9d, about a third. Little else flowed in: two ships paid £15 between them, the farm £50 and the publicans £12 10s. The island had no exports to bring in coin. Unless the store ship or the Court sent fresh specie, each quarter's pay would drain the chest further. The cash notes were the Council's answer to that problem. They were paper promises issued on the island and accepted in place of coin, and they let the treasury pay its way while its silver ran down. The duty on arrack shows how much spirit the island drank. In a single quarter the customs collected duty on 6,089½ gallons, at 3d a gallon. Across roughly 2,000 inhabitants, slaves included, that came to about three gallons a head in three months. Every gallon of it passed through the arrack society, in which Matthew Purling held a three-eighths share. The duty and the public-house licences made drink a source of revenue and a means of control. The Council taxed it at the point of entry, licensed the houses that sold it, and kept the right to withdraw a licence from any publican who allowed disorder. | |
217 | 1770 Pursuant to the Order in Consultation of the 9th instant, the Inhabitants this day Assembled at the Chapel in this Valley to Chuse Parish Officers for the ensuing Year and likewise to return three of the Principal Inhabitants that one might be Elected to serve the Office of Sheriff, and to Chuse a proper Person to serve in that of Constable, they accordingly returned the following Persons vizt. Messrs. James Greentree Jonathan Doveton Benjamin Mason Sheriffs John Seale Constable Solomon St. Maurice Matthew Bazett Orlando Bagley Richard Beale Church Wardens Stephen Young William Hayward Senr. Overseers of the East Division Simon Whaley Gabriel Harper do. of the West do. John Scott William Seale Junr. do. of the South do. We appointed Mr. James Greentree to serve the Office of Sheriff, and Ordered Warrants to be drawn for Messrs. Solomon St. Maurice and Matthew Bazett Church Wardens, and Stephen Young, Simon Whaley, and John Scott Overseers. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The vestry met on 16 April 1770, as the Council had ordered on 9 April. The inhabitants gathered at the chapel in the valley to choose parish officers for the coming year. They also put forward three leading residents, one of whom was to be made sheriff, and a suitable man to serve as constable. They returned the following names. James Grantree, nominated for sheriff Jonathan Doveton, nominated for sheriff Benjamin Mason, nominated for sheriff John Seale, constable Solomon St Maurice, nominated for churchwarden Matthew Bazett, nominated for churchwarden Orlando Bagley, nominated for churchwarden Richard Beale, nominated for churchwarden Stephen Young, nominated for overseer of the East Division William Haywarden, nominated for overseer of the East Division Simon Whaley, nominated for overseer of the West Division Gabriel Harper, nominated for overseer of the West Division John Scott, nominated for overseer of the South Division William Seale junior, nominated for overseer of the South Division The Council appointed James Grantree as sheriff. It ordered warrants issued to Solomon St Maurice and Matthew Bazett as churchwardens, and to Stephen Young, Simon Whaley and John Scott as overseers. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The vestry gave the Council a choice for every office except constable, and the Council used it to put its own men in charge. For sheriff it chose James Grantree, a second lieutenant of the Fourth Company. It passed over Jonathan Doveton, a factor, and Benjamin Mason, a settler. Grantree remained under military discipline and the Governor's command, so the officer responsible for executing the court's orders on the island answered directly to the Governor. For churchwardens the Council chose Solomon St Maurice, first lieutenant of the First Company and master at arms, and Matthew Bazett, its own secretary. It set aside Orlando Bagley and Richard Beale. The parish purse and the relief of the poor therefore passed into the hands of two Company servants rather than independent landholders. The arrangement set out on 9 April 1770 worked as designed: the inhabitants put names forward, and the Council chose the ones it could most rely on. Orlando Bagley was recorded as dying on 20 March 1770, less than a month before this meeting. The man nominated here was perhaps a son of the same name. Even so, the Council left him out. For the overseers, it chose the first name returned in each division, which suggests the vestry had already ranked its candidates. The Council saw no reason to overrule them for offices that controlled no money and commanded no men. | |
218 | 23rd April At a Consultation held on Monday the 23 day of April 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved & signed dated the 16th April 1770 Monday the 16th Sailed the Honble. Companys Ship Earl of Lincoln for England Wednesday the 18th Passed by 4 Ships Supposed to be Dutch The Executors to the last Will and Testament of Mr. Orlando Bagley Senr. deceased, this day presented the said Will desiring the same might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto, the Will is as follows vizt. In the Name of God Amen I Orlando Bagley of the Island of St. Helena Gentleman being of sound mind and memory (blessed be God) do this tenth day of November in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and sixty nine, make and publish this my last Will and Testament, in Manner and Form following (that is to say) First, I give unto my Loving Wife Martha Bagley a third part of all my personal Estate except my Slaves Land, forever, and I give unto her the said Martha a fourth part of all my Land both Free and Leasehold for the Term of her natural Life, provided she do remain so long my Widow, also my Dwelling House: but in Case she the said Martha shall marry again, then I will & direct, that from the time of her so marrying to the time of her death, she shall have the use only of half my said Dwelling House and no more than one third Part of my Land called Youlings to hold to her the said Martha until my youngest Child do attain the Age of Margin Notes: + + | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 23 April 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 16 April 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Company's ship Earl of Lincoln sailed for England on Monday 16 April. On Wednesday 18 April four ships, thought to be Dutch, passed the island without stopping. The executors of Orlando Bagley senior presented his will to the Council and asked for it to be proved. The witnesses swore to it on oath, and the will was proved. Bagley, a gentleman of St Helena, made the will on 10 November 1769. He declared himself of sound mind and memory. He left his wife, Martha Bagley, a third of all his personal estate outright, except his leased land. He also left her a quarter of all his land, freehold and leasehold, and the use of his dwelling house, for the rest of her life, on condition that she stayed his widow. If Martha remarried, her share would shrink from the date of the marriage until her death. She would then have the use of only half the house and no more than a third of his land called Gurlings. She was to hold that land until his youngest child reached the age of [...]. Interpretations The will tied Martha Bagley's share to her staying unmarried. Under English law, anything a widow brought to a second marriage passed under her new husband's control. Without the condition, a stepfather could have taken over the house and land meant for Bagley's children. Cutting her share on remarriage protected the children's inheritance. It also left her enough to live on and kept her in charge of the land until the youngest child came of age. The will was proved before the Governor and Council rather than a church court, because no church court sat on the island. The Council therefore acted as the probate court for every estate, as it had for William Holbrook's on 9 April 1770. The heading of the will names the testator as Orlando Bagley senior, so the Orlando Bagley the vestry nominated as churchwarden on 16 April 1770 was his son. | |
219 | 1770 of twenty one Years, and I give her the Use of half my Land called Harpers, except the Plantation thereon thereto belonging, I further give unto my Wife the said Martha a Girl Slave Named Doll Item, I give unto my Son John Bagley my Land in Peak Gut, the Plantation thereto now belonging excepted (which Land was by me purchased of Messrs. James Greentree and David Aleock, he paying therefor the sum of Seven hundred pounds, and my meaning is that he the said John Bagley, shall be put in Possession of that part of the said Lands, purchased of the said David Aleock in six Years ensuing the date hereof, And as to the other part of the said Lands, namely that purchased of the said James Greentree, I leave it to the discretion and good management of my Executors herein after mentioned to give him the Possession thereof, when to them it shall seem least hurtful and most conducive to the Interest and Welfare of my Younger Children Item, I give unto my Son Martin Bagley my Dwelling house and the Lands and Plantation thereunto belonging commonly known by the name of Harpers Living, also my Land called Lemon Valley head but my meaning is that in Case he the said Martin should at any time hereafter mean to dispose of the said House, Lands, and Livings or of any part thereof then and in such Case the preference [...] and to the said Lands and House to be given to my Son the said John Bagley remainder to my Son Richard Bagley and so down to the Youngest of my Sons, both which Pieces or Parcels of Land, together with the Plantation and my Dwelling house thereon I give to the said Martin at Valuation. Item, I give unto my Son the said Richard Bagley my Land called Youlings also my Plantation in Peak Gut at Valuation the Possession whereof is to be given him by my Executors when to them it shall appear fit and not hurtful to the Welfare of my other Children. But in Case he the said Richard should, on the death or Refusal of my Son the said Martin or on the Refusal of my Son the said John Bagley become entitled to, and possessed of my said Dwelling House and the Lands and Plantation thereto belonging, and of my Land called Lemon Valley head then and in such Case my (signed) Orlando Bagley Margin Notes: x x | Orlando Bagley's will went on to set the terms of his wife's share. Martha was to hold the land called Gurlings until his youngest child reached 21. He also gave her the use of half his land called Harpers, but not the plantation on it. He left her as well a slave girl named Doll. Bagley left his son John his land in Peak Gut, apart from the plantation then on it. Bagley had bought this land from James Grantree and David Alcock, and John was to pay £700 for it. John was to be given the part bought from David Alcock within six years of the date of the will. The executors were to decide when to hand over the part bought from James Grantree. They were to choose the moment that did least harm and most good to the younger children. He left his son Martin his dwelling house, with the lands and plantation known as Harper's Living, and his land called Lemon Valley Head. Martin took both, with the plantation and house, at a valuation. If Martin ever wished to sell any of this property, he had to offer it first to his brother John. After John came Richard, and then each younger son in order of age. He left his son Richard his land called Gurlings and his plantation in Peak Gut, also at a valuation. The executors were to hand them over when they judged the time right and when doing so would not harm the other children. A further provision covered the case in which Richard came to hold the dwelling house, the lands and Lemon Valley Head, because Martin had died or refused them and John had also refused. Orlando Bagley signed this page of the will. Interpretations The will kept the family's land whole without leaving the younger children with nothing. Bagley did not split his farms among his sons. Each son received a whole holding, but "at a valuation" or for a stated price, and paid its worth into the estate. That money then went to fund the shares of his widow and the younger children. On an island with little good land, dividing small farms would have left every son with too little to live on. Making the eldest sons buy their inheritance kept the holdings workable and still shared the value fairly. The rule that land had to be offered first to John, then Richard, then each younger son, kept any sale inside the family. It also stopped a son from selling off the house and land at Harper's Living to an outsider. The executors were given wide powers over when each son received his land. Bagley did not want sons taking possession while younger children still depended on the income from those fields. Possession was therefore delayed until the executors judged it would not hurt the rest of the family. Doll, the slave girl left to Martha, passed by will in the same way as the house and furniture. James Grantree, who had sold Bagley part of the Peak Gut land, had been made sheriff by the Council on 16 April 1770. | |
220 | 23rd April Will and meaning is that the Lands as above devised to my Son the said Richard namely Youlings and the Plantation in Peak Gut shall remain with and revert to My Son Thomas Bagley, and in Case of his Refusal thereof, to my next Son, and so down to the Youngest at Valuation. Item, I further give unto my Son the said John Bagley the reversion of my House in James's Valley at Valuation such Reversion to take place and commence when the Youngest of my Children shall be of full Age or Married, and at my decease, to have and to hold to him one half or Moiety of the said House in James's Valley as aforesaid, the other half thereof I mean shall be appropriated to the Use of my Wife the said Martha during her Widowhood, and also to the Use of my Younger Children till they come to Age or Marriage. And I further give unto him the said John the Sum of Fifty Pounds as a Legacy to be paid to him when he shall get the possession of the Lands to him hereby devised: and in case my Wife the said Martha should at my death prove pregnant, & should after my death, be delivered of, and bring forth a Child either Male or Female at a reasonable time so as to leave no Room to doubt the Legitimacy thereof, then my will and meaning is, and I hereby Order and direct that such Child either Male or Female shall have and receive an equal share with each of my other Children, as also the Sum of twenty Pounds over and above such share or Dividend. And as John Harper deceased hath by Will bequeathed unto my Daughter Elizabeth Bagley the Sum of twenty Pounds. I hereby Order that an Equal Sum of twenty Pounds be paid to her the said Elizabeth at the Age of twenty one Years or Marriage exclusive of her share, and I further give her the Sum of five Pounds to be laid out in her Education. Item, I further give unto my Son the said Richard Bagley the Sum of ten pounds. Item, I give unto my Son the said Thos. Bagley the Sum of Fifteen Pounds. Item, I give unto my Son Orlando Bagley the (signed) Orlando Bagley | Orlando Bagley's will went on to say what would happen if Richard succeeded to the house and Lemon Valley Head. In that case, the land left to Richard at Gurlings and the plantation in Peak Gut were to pass to his son Thomas Bagley. If Thomas refused them, they were to go to the next son and so on down to the youngest, each taking them at a valuation. He gave his son John the right to his house in James's Valley after the widow's interest ended, also at a valuation. That right would take effect once his youngest child came of age or married. From Bagley's death John was to hold half of the house. The other half was kept for Martha's use while she remained a widow, and for the younger children until they came of age or married. John was also to receive a legacy of £50 when he took possession of the lands left to him. Bagley then provided for a child who might be born after his death. Martha might be pregnant when he died and give birth soon enough to leave no doubt that the child was his. If so, that child, boy or girl, was to share equally with his other children. It was also to receive £20 more on top of that share. John Harper, now dead, had left Bagley's daughter Elizabeth £20 in his own will. Bagley ordered that she receive a matching £20 at 21 or on her marriage, separate from her share of the estate. He also left her £5 to be spent on her education. He left his son Richard £10 and his son Thomas £15. He then began a bequest to his son Orlando Bagley. Orlando Bagley signed this page of the will. Interpretations Bagley's will expected the possibility of a posthumous child and protected it against any challenge. Such a child normally had no claim under a will written before its birth. Bagley gave it an equal share and a further £20. The condition that it be born soon enough to leave no doubt of its father protected the other children against a claim from a child conceived after his death. That rule mattered because Martha's share depended on her remaining a widow. The £5 for Elizabeth's education is one of the few signs in these records of a girl being schooled on the island. The island had lost its schoolmaster when Richard Beale senior died on 7 October 1769. Any teaching for Elizabeth would therefore have been private and paid for by the family. John Harper's legacy to her, and the land called Harpers and Harper's Living, suggest that the Harpers were Martha's own family. Gabriel Harper, nominated for overseer of the West Division on 16 April 1770, was probably a kinsman. Bagley matched the Harper gift rather than leaving his daughter to rely on her mother's relatives. That kept her claim on the Bagley estate equal to her brothers'. | |
221 | 1770 Sum of twenty Pounds, and unto my Son Benjamin I likewise give the Sum of twenty Pounds, all which different Legacys to my Sons Richard Thomas, Orlando and Benjamin Bagley I order shall be laid out and applyed to the purposes of their respective Educations. Item, I give unto my Daughter Emelia Bagley the Sum of five pounds, and I give unto my daughter Ann Mary Bagley the Sum of twenty pounds to be Expended on their Education. Item, I further give unto my Wife the said Martha the Use of my Goat Range at High Hill during her Life the same to revert to my Son Orlando Bagley. Item, I give to my Younger Children the Use of my Goat Range in Peak Gut during their Minority, and at the full Age of the Youngest of them, I give the same to my Son the said John Bagley to his Sole Use and Behoof. Item, I give unto my Grandson Joseph Whaley a Heifer, and I give unto my Godson William Young and unto my Goddaughter Elizabeth Alexander a Heifer each. I hereby Order and direct that all that Part of my Estate either real or personal of what kind or nature soever not yet by me herein disposed of shall be impartially Valued and equally divided in even proportions between all my Children or the Survivors of them Share and Share alike in manner as by me herein directed. And my meaning is that he, they or each of them be paid and do receive his, her or their Share or Shares respectively when and as soon as it will be deemed convenient so to do. All which I recommend to the discretion and good management of my Executors for the general good of the whole, and without detriment to either of my Children. And be it hereby remembered that I have already paid unto my Son the said John Bagley the Sum of one hundred pounds, in Part of his Share or Dividend, which Sum of one hundred pounds is to be Considered as such by my Executors, and that I have also paid unto my Son in Law Simon Whaley the Sum of one hundred and sixty six pounds ten shillings and sixpence which Sum is likewise to be considered as a Part of the Share or Dividend coming and becoming due to him out of my Estate in right of his Wife my daughter Margaret. (signed) Orlando Bagley | Orlando Bagley's will went on with his gifts to the children. He left £20 to his son Orlando and £20 to his son Benjamin. He ordered that the legacies to Richard, Thomas, Orlando and Benjamin be spent on their education. He also left £5 to his daughter Emilia Bagley and £20 to his daughter Ann Mary Bagley, again for their education. He gave his wife Martha the use of his goat range at High Hill for her lifetime, after which it was to pass to his son Orlando. His younger children were to have the use of his goat range in Peak Gut until the youngest came of age. At that point it was to go to his son John for his own use. He left a heifer to his grandson Joseph Whaley. He also left a heifer each to his godson William Young and his goddaughter Elizabeth Alexander. He directed that everything not otherwise disposed of in the will, whether land or goods, be fairly valued and divided equally among all his children, or among those still living. Each child was to be paid his or her share when the executors thought it convenient. Bagley left the timing to their judgement, to serve the good of the whole family without harming any one child. Bagley recorded that he had already paid his son John £100 as part of his share, and the executors were to count it as such. He had also paid £166 10s 6d to his son-in-law Simon Whaley. That sum was to count as part of the share due to Whaley through his wife, Bagley's daughter Margaret. Orlando Bagley signed this page of the will. Interpretations Bagley set the money he had given his children during his lifetime against their shares of the estate. John's £100 and the £166 10s 6d paid to Simon Whaley on his marriage to Margaret were to be deducted before the residue was divided equally. Without this rule, a child already helped in life would have taken a full share again, at the expense of the younger children who had received nothing. The English courts called this practice bringing gifts into hotchpot. Bagley wrote it into his will rather than leaving his executors to argue it out. Simon Whaley, appointed overseer of the West Division on 16 April 1770, was married into the family. His son Joseph, Bagley's grandson, received a heifer. The goat ranges were among the most valuable rights in the estate. Goats ran half-wild over the island's high ground and steep valleys, and grazing rights over a range were held and inherited like land. Martha received the use of the High Hill range for life. The younger children shared the Peak Gut range until the youngest came of age. These were incomes as well as food, since goat meat and skins could be sold to ships in the road. On St Helena, a widow's livelihood depended on grazing rights as much as on a house. | |
222 | 23rd April And my meaning is and I hereby direct, that my Executors herein after mentioned shall pay unto my Son in Law the said Simon Whaley from time to time or at any time such Sum or Sums of Money as may appear to them to be of Service and wanting to him in discharge, or Clearance of any Debts Bargains or Contracts, out of his part and towards the Payment thereof, so as no damage, Detriment, Hurt, Injury or Disadvantage may accrue from such Disbursement, or Disbursements to any of my other Children. Lastly I hereby Nominate, Constitute and appoint my loving Brother Richard Bagley, my good Friends Messrs. Willm. Wrangham and Benj. Mason and my Son John Bagley to be Executors of this my last Will and Testament contained in seven Sides of Paper. In Witness whereof I the said Orlando Bagley have to this my last Will and Testament set my hand and Seal the day and Year above written. (signed) Orlando Bagley Signed, sealed and delivered by the Testator, as and for his last Will and Testament, in the presence of the signed Edward Bagley Phill. Mahony Samuel Knipe On Tuesday Night last Jeremiah Thorrill Private and Robert Frankish Matross, took one of the Honble. Companys Long Boats from her Moorings and went to Sea, and not being since heard of we conclude they must have perished. Daniel Corneille Esqr. this day applied to the to pay two hundred and twelve pounds sixteen shillings, & threepence into the Honble. Companys Cash which Sum we have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable to Mr. Alexander Tod (or Order) ninety days after sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The will ended with a provision for Bagley's son-in-law. From time to time, the executors were to pay Simon Whaley whatever sums they thought he needed to clear his debts, bargains or contracts. Every payment was to come out of Whaley's own share of the estate and count towards it, so that none of Bagley's other children lost by it. Bagley named as his executors his brother Richard Bagley, his friends William Wrangham and Benjamin Mason, and his son John Bagley. He signed and sealed the will, which ran to seven sides of paper. Edward Bagley, Philip Mahony and Samuel Knipe witnessed it. On the night of Tuesday 17 April 1770, Jeremiah Whorrill, a private, and Robert Frankish, a matross, took one of the Company's longboats from her moorings and put to sea. Nothing had been heard of them since. The Council concluded that they must have drowned. Daniel Corneille asked to pay £212 16s 3d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him bills of exchange on the Court of Directors for the same amount. The bills were payable to Alexander Tod, or to whoever he named, ninety days after they were presented. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations Jeremiah Whorrill and Robert Frankish had each taken the £10 bounty to sign on for another five years less than a month before. Frankish re-enlisted on 20 March 1770 and Whorrill on 23 March. They then tried to escape the island in an open longboat. The nearest land was more than 1,000 miles away, and no ship was waiting for them. The Council did not order a search or record them as deserters to be caught. It wrote them off as drowned. That says a good deal about the life the two men were fleeing, since they had pocketed the bounty and then risked almost certain death to get away. It also says something about the limits of the Council's power. Once a boat left the road, there was no way to follow it and nothing more to be done. Daniel Corneille's payment worked both for him and for the Company. He paid local cash into the chest and received bills on London, so he could send his savings home without shipping coin. The Company gained over £200 in coin at a time when the chest had fallen to £7,190 9s 4d by 31 March 1770. The bills would be paid in London months later, from the Company's funds there. Councillors' private remittances, like those Matthew Purling had sent to John Purling, were one of the few ways coin came back into the island's treasury. Bagley's executors included William Wrangham, the paymaster, and Benjamin Mason, one of the men nominated for sheriff on 16 April 1770. The provision for Simon Whaley shows a son-in-law in debt. Bagley allowed advances against Whaley's share to clear what he owed, but he did not let those debts eat into the inheritance of his own children. | |
223 | 30th April At a Consultation held on Monday the 30th day of April 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, & signed, dated the 23 April 1770 Friday the 27th Arrived the Royal Charlotte Boat at Banks's at five oClock in the morning do. do. do. The Honble. Companys Ship Royal Charlotte from Bengal (last from the Cape) Yesterday Died Mr. John Desfountain Planter The Royal Charlotte brought us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship Royal Charlotte Rice 60 Bags Wt. Md. 120 @ 3 Ars. pr. Md. 388 12 9 Paddy 13 Bags Wt. Md. Sr. 22 20 @ 1 8 9 do. 34 13 Sugar 10 Bags Md. 20 @ 8 do. 160 Bay Candles 4 Chests Md. 8 @ 75 do. 600 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers @ 180 pr. Ld. 388 12 9 1572 6 6 Charges Merchandize 135 Gunny Bags 20 1 3 4 Chests 8 10 3 3/5 Gunnah @ 16 4 9 6 12 Chesty 1 7 12 Jute Ropes 2 3 3 5 Twine 4 9 ½ Nails 3 6 70 Rice Matts 6 9 Package & Weighmen 1 9 Duts 1 2 3 Boat hire 6 7 6 Ship do. 133 Modes 11 7 199 4 Errors Excepted Current Rupees 1771 10 6 (signed) L. Darell Junr. Sub. Accompt. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 30 April 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 23 April 1770 were read, approved and signed. At five o'clock on the morning of Friday 27 April, the boat of the Royal Charlotte landed at Banks's. The same day the Company's ship Royal Charlotte came in from Bengal, having called last at the Cape. John Desfountain, a planter, died on Sunday 29 April. The Royal Charlotte brought the following supplies, valued in current rupees on the ship's invoice. Rice, 60 bags weighing 120 maunds, at 3 rupees a maund, 388 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Paddy, 13 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, at 1 rupee 8 annas 9 pice a maund, 34 rupees 13 annas 0 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds, at 8 rupees a maund, 160 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Bay candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds, at 75 rupees a maund, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at 180 rupees a leaguer, 388 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Total for goods, 1,572 rupees 6 annas 6 pice Gunny bags, 183, 20 rupees 1 anna 3 pice Chests, 4, 8 rupees 10 annas 3 pice Gurrah cloth, ¾ piece at 16, 4 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Chatties, 12, 1 rupee 7 annas 0 pice Jute ropes, 12, 2 rupees 3 annas 3 pice Twine, 3, 0 rupees 4 annas 9 pice Nails, ¼, 0 rupees 5 annas 6 pice Reed mats, 70, 6 rupees 0 annas 9 pice Packing and weighmen, 1 rupee 9 annas 0 pice Duty, 1 rupee 2 annas 3 pice Boat hire, 6 rupees 7 annas 6 pice Sloop hire, 133 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Clerks' fees, 11 rupees 7 annas 0 pice Total for charges, 199 rupees 4 annas 0 pice Total, 1,771 rupees 10 annas 6 pice L. Darell junior, the sub-accountant, signed the invoice with errors excepted. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations Several items on the Bengal invoice would be unfamiliar now. The current rupee was the Company's money of account in Bengal. It was a unit for keeping books rather than an actual coin, and it was divided into 16 annas, each of 12 pice. The Bengal maund was the standard weight of the Calcutta bazaar, about 75 lb, and was divided into 40 seers. Gunny was coarse sacking woven from jute. Bengal made it in huge quantities for bagging rice and sugar for shipment. Gurrah was a plain, heavy Bengal cotton cloth, used here for wrapping and lining packages. Chatties were the round earthen water pots used throughout India. On board they probably held drinking water or kept goods dry. A leaguer was a large cask, the standard Dutch measure for arrack from Batavia, holding roughly 150 gallons. The bay candles were perhaps made from vegetable wax. At 75 rupees a maund they were far dearer than tallow, which suggests a better candle meant for the Castle and the Council. The costs of getting the goods aboard came to more than an eighth of their value, and the sloop hire alone was 133 rupees. Large Company ships could not come up the Hooghly to Calcutta. They loaded far downstream at Kedgeree or Diamond Harbour, and every bag and cask had to go down the river by sloop. That cost made Bengal rice and sugar dearer by the time they reached St Helena. Even so, the island turned to Bengal because rice, sugar and arrack could be had there more cheaply than anywhere else the Company traded. John Desfountain was the third man of that name in these records. James Desfountain served as a writer and Samuel Desfountain as first lieutenant of the Fourth Company. A planter's death in a family so closely tied to the Company's establishment would bring a will and an estate before the Council in the weeks to come. | |
224 | 5th May At a Consultation held on Saturday the 5th day of May 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, & signed, dated the 30th April 1770 Tuesday the 1st Died William Halsall Gunner This day Arrived the Lioness's Boat at Banks's at seven oClock in the Morning do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Lioness from Bengal (last from the Cape) and brought us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship Lioness Rice 60 Bags Wt. Md. 120 @ 4 1 Ans. pr. Md. 526 8 Paddy 13 do. Wt. Md. Sr. 22 20 @ 2 pr. Md. 45 Sugar 10 do. Wt. 20 @ 7 6 pr. Md. 152 8 Wax Candles 4 Chests Wt. 8 @ 75 pr. Md. 600 Batavia Arrack 2 Legers @ 180 pr. Ld. 388 12 9 1712 12 9 Charges Merchandize 135 Gunny Bags at 12 pr. Cent. 20 1 3 12 Gunnies at 16 2 1 10 Chatops at 12 1 2 9 Twine 3 4 Chests & 12 do. Nails 8 13 9 3/4 Gurrah Cloth 4 9 6 50 Rice Matts & 12 Jute Ropes 3 2 Boat hire 6 7 6 Sloop hire 67 8 Weighmen & Packermen 1 2 9 Peel and Peon 3 5 6 Mattheas 12 7 9 133 5 9 Errors Excepted Current Rupees 1846 2 6 (signed) L. Darell Junr. Sub Accompt. | The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 5 May 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 30 April 1770 were read, approved and signed. William Hassell, a gunner, died on Tuesday 1 May. At seven o'clock that morning the boat of the Lioness landed at Banks's. Later the same day the Company's ship Lioness came in from Bengal, having called last at the Cape. She brought the following supplies, valued in current rupees on the ship's invoice. Rice, 60 bags weighing 120 maunds, at 4 rupees 6 annas a maund, 526 rupees 8 annas 0 pice Paddy, 13 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, at 2 rupees a maund, 45 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds, at 7 rupees 10 annas a maund, 152 rupees 8 annas 0 pice Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds, at 75 rupees a maund, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at 180 rupees a leaguer, 388 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Total for goods, 1,712 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Gunny bags, 183, 20 rupees 1 anna 3 pice Gunnies, 12 at 16, 2 rupees 1 anna 0 pice Chatties, 10 at 12, 1 rupee 2 annas 9 pice Twine, 0 rupees 3 annas 0 pice Chests, 4, with nails, 8 rupees 13 annas 9 pice Gurrah cloth, ¾ piece, 4 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Reed mats, 50, and jute ropes, 12, 3 rupees 2 annas 0 pice Boat hire, 6 rupees 7 annas 6 pice Sloop hire, 67 rupees 8 annas 0 pice Weighmen and packers, 1 rupee 2 annas 9 pice Duty and a peon, 3 rupees 5 annas 6 pice Clerks' fees, 12 rupees 7 annas 9 pice Total for charges, 133 rupees 5 annas 9 pice Total, 1,846 rupees 2 annas 6 pice L. Darell junior, the sub-accountant, signed the invoice with errors excepted. Interpretations The invoice can be read beside the one for the Royal Charlotte, entered on 30 April 1770. The same Bengal sub-accountant packed the same quantities of each item for both ships, but the prices did not match. Rice for the Lioness cost 4 rupees 6 annas a maund, against 3 rupees for the Royal Charlotte, an increase of nearly half. Paddy rose from 1 rupee 8 annas 9 pice to 2 rupees. Sugar fell slightly, and the candles and arrack stayed the same. The two cargoes were probably loaded weeks apart. Grain prices in Bengal rose steeply that season because of the severe dearth then spreading through the province, and that rise would grow into the great famine of 1770. Goods that kept and were not food held their price, while rice jumped as soon as the harvest failed. The sloop hire for the Lioness was only half that charged for the Royal Charlotte. The two ships probably lay at different anchorages down the Hooghly, or the Lioness shared her sloop with another vessel's cargo. The wax candles were described the same way on both invoices, at 75 rupees a maund, and were plainly made of wax rather than tallow. They were the costliest single item in each shipment. At that price they were meant for the Castle and the Council's evening business, not for the barracks. William Hassell appeared on the Artillery Company's pay list for the quarter ending 31 March 1770 as one of its eight gunners, paid £6 0s 0d. | |
225 | 1770 Mr. Matthew Burling reports that he has been on board the Ship Royal Charlotte to Muster her Company and enquire for deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Royal Charlotte John Clements Commr. Robt. Oxlade Chief mate Ranl. Snow 2 do. Will. Rhoads 3 do. Barthw. Gibbons 4 do. Clemt. Horton 5 do. Will. Hamilty Robt. Gage Jno. Patterson Surgeon Thos. Ferguson Purser Jno. McCollar Boatn. Robt. Shearer Gunner Jno. Henning Carpr. Will. McGee Ships Stewd. Will. Watson Caulker Jno. Lewis Jno. Humphreys Benj. Cose Jno. Parker Will. Green Friend Tomlen Thos. Williams Jno. Church Cooper Robt. Boyce Armourer Jo. Marshal Joiner Benj. Lily Sailmaker Chs. Cooper Gunrs. mate Saml. Hale Caulkers do. Jno. Henry Boatns. mate Paul Morrison do. Thos. Curry Capt. Std. Jno. McIver Std. 2 do. Wm. Alsop Poulterer Danl. Pringle Baker Wm. Brant Jno. Archer Michl. Lackly Robt. Sharks Quarter Masters Ernst Kennedy Dutch Thos. Waddens Seaman Abrah. Gray Robt. Swanson Jo. Sheriffe Jno. Newton Thos. Williams Jo. Mason Andw. Paterson Henry Dean William Johnston Fras. Davis Jo. Kelway Will. Inglis Jno. Lamb Jno. Richey Will. McGlen Andw. Wallis Geo. Steward Seaman Davd. Unwen Robt. Taylor Will. Johnson Jno. Lugg Richd. Thompson Thos. Scott Jno. Marten Jno. Phillips Thos. Wright Jo. Jones Alexr. Carnegy Thos. Swart Jno. Grinsell Jno. Charleton M. Fleming Chs. Lungs Mssl. Peter Alexr. Marshall Jno. Dangerfield Jno. Bodien Geo. Dawson Jno. Robertson Jno. Jacobs Jno. Clarkson P. C. Miller Will. Barber Morris Conner | Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Royal Charlotte to muster her crew and look for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll was entered as follows. John Clements, commander Robert Oxlade, chief mate Ramsay Snow, second mate William Rhoads, third mate Bartholomew Gibbons, fourth mate Clement Horton, fifth mate William Hamley Robert Gage John Patterson, surgeon Thomas Ferguson, purser John McCollen, boatswain Robert Sheeres, gunner John Henning, carpenter William McGee, ship's steward William Watson, caulker John Lewis John Humphreys Benjamin Cove John Parker William Green Friend Tomlin Thomas Williams John Church, cooper Robert Boyce, armourer J. Marshal, joiner Benjamin Lev[...], sailmaker Charles Cooper, gunner's mate Samuel Hale, caulker's mate John Murray, boatswain's mate Paul Morrison, boatswain's mate Thomas Emery, carpenter's first mate John McLean, carpenter's second mate William Allsop, poulterer David Pringle, baker William Brant, quartermaster John Archer, quartermaster Michael Lackly, quartermaster Robert Sharks, quartermaster Ernest Kennedy, butcher Thomas Waldron, seaman Abraham Gray, seaman Robert Swanson, seaman J. Sheriffe, seaman John Newton, seaman Thomas Williams, seaman J. Mason, seaman Andrew Paterson, seaman Henry Dean, seaman William Johnston, seaman Francis Davis, seaman J. Kelway, seaman William Inglis, seaman John Lamb, seaman John Richey, seaman William McGlen, seaman Andrew Wallis, seaman George Steward, seaman David Wemm, seaman Robert Taylor, seaman William Johnson, seaman John Legg, seaman Richard Thompson, seaman Thomas Scott, seaman John Marten, seaman John Phillips, seaman Thomas Wrights, seaman J. Jones, seaman Alexander Carnegy, seaman Thomas Swaits, seaman John Grinwell, seaman John Charleton, seaman M. Fleming, seaman Charles Longs, seaman Joseph Porter, seaman Alexander Marshall, seaman John Dangerfield, seaman John Bodie, seaman George Dawson, seaman John Robertson, seaman John Jacobs, seaman John Clarkson, seaman S. C. Miller, seaman William Barker, seaman Morris Conner, seaman | |
226 | [Lower part of the final signature at the foot of the page cut off at the edge of the image.] 5th May Chs. Wiggs Seaman Jno. Hetherwick Jno. Murley Nichs. Pallas Jno. Hunter Will. Carter Thos. Prosby Will. Bruce Jno. Beaumont Seaman Richd. Mace Jacob DeWitt Jno. Clivers Jno. Moss Jno. Royal Jno. Caulfield Capt. Servt. Geo. Anderson Seaman Jno. Oliver Jno. Lemon Robt. Oxlade Henry Parks Jno. Green Robt. Allison Thos. Whitby (signed) J. Clements The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Accot. of Stores short received from Ship Royal Charlotte Account of Stores short received from Ship Royal Charlotte vizt. C. qr. lb. 42 2 14 Rice short weight in 28 Bags short delivered 45 26 do. Rice in 32 do. 3 22 Paddy 1 2 2 Sugar 6 Candles Short weight Occasioned by Wastage the Bags & Chests being in good Order. 2 Leagers Arrack vizt. No. 1 Gauges Galls. 146 wants to fill Galls. 9 2 do. 146½ do. 9 292½ 18 18 Received 274½ Galls. (signed) Jas. Powell Storekeeper St. Helena 5th May 1770 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The final names on the Royal Charlotte's muster roll were as follows. Charles Wiggs, seaman John Kelkirwick, seaman John Murley, seaman Nicholas Pallas, seaman John Hunter, seaman William Carter, seaman Thomas Brophy, seaman William Bruce, seaman John Beaumont, seaman Richard Mace, seaman Jacob DeWalle, seaman John Olivers, seaman John Moss, seaman Joseph Royal, seaman John Caulfield, captain's servant George Anderson, seaman John Elliver, seaman John Lemon, seaman Robert Oxlade, seaman Henry Porter, seaman John Green, seaman Robert Allison, seaman Thomas White, seaman J. Clements signed the roll. James Powell, the storekeeper, then presented an account of the stores from the Royal Charlotte that had come ashore short. He dated it at St Helena on 5 May 1770. Rice, short weight in 28 bags, short delivered, 42 cwt 2 qr 14 lb Rice, short weight in 32 bags, 45 cwt 0 qr 26 lb Paddy, short weight through wastage, 0 cwt 3 qr 22 lb Sugar, short weight through wastage, 1 cwt 2 qr 2 lb Candles, short weight through wastage, 0 cwt 0 qr 6 lb Arrack, leaguer no. 1, gauged at 146 gallons, wanting 9 gallons to fill Arrack, leaguer no. 2, gauged at 146½ gallons, wanting 9 gallons to fill Arrack, total gauged, 292½ gallons Arrack, total wanting, 18 gallons Arrack, received, 274½ gallons Powell blamed the shortfall in the paddy, sugar and candles on ordinary wastage, since the bags and chests had arrived in good order. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the account. Interpretations The note that the bags and chests had arrived in good order cleared the ship's commander of blame. When packages arrived intact, any shortfall was put down to the goods drying out, leaking or settling on the voyage. Nobody was charged and the Company bore the loss. Had the packages arrived broken open, John Clements could have been made to pay for the missing goods, since a commander answered for cargo stolen or damaged by his crew. The storekeeper's few words therefore settled who carried the loss. Powell had used the same reasoning on 14 April 1770 for the 24 lb of sugar candy lost from the Earl of Lincoln. The arrack was measured by gauging, not by weighing. A gauger measured each leaguer with a rod and calculated its full capacity. Then he measured the empty space at the top, which the trade called the ullage and the account recorded as the amount wanting to fill. Each cask had lost about 9 gallons, around 6% of its contents, through seepage and evaporation in the heat of the passage from Batavia by way of Bengal and the Cape. The island paid for the full casks at the invoice price. It received only what was still inside them. | |
227 | 7th May At a Consultation held on Monday the 7th day of May 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved & signed dated the 5th May 1770 Mr. Matthew Burling reports that he has been on board the Ship Lioness to Muster her Company and enquire for deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Lioness Willm. Larkins Commr. Phil. Bromfield Chief mate Henry Pascall 2 do. Ralph Dundas 3 do. Joseph Bailey 4th do. Will. Mudge 5th do. Geo. Scollough 6th do. Thos. Shephard Purser Will. Mathewson Surgeon Jas. Douglas Midshipman Wm. Wm. Welford do. Geo. Cunningham do. Joseph Trap do. Jno. Swan do. Thos. Massetts Carpenter Jno. Edington Gunner Jno. Northam Boatswain Jos. Tinker Surg. mate Jona. Hawkins 2 mate Robt. Wright do. Will. Roskew Preacher Will. Phillips do. John Tait Cooper Edw. Cobham Caulker Will. Hartford Sailmakr. Geo. Mudger Carpr. mate Thos. Swaik Gunners do. Richd. Bull Boatns. do. Phil. Edge Caulkers do. Jas. Sherhill Ships Stewd. Ans. Cowell Capt. do. Jas. Turner Capt. Cook Thos. Holmes Ships Stewd. Geo. Clarkson Capt. Servt. Thos. Sykes Poulterer Jno. Bailey Butcher Jno. Reeves Ships Cook Will. Powell Capt. Servt. Peculius Holmes Surg. do. Fras. Ford Ch. mate do. Woodway Parker 2 mt. Servt. Will. Blake Carpr. Servt. Jno. Shabel Gunners do. Benj. Brewer Boatns. do. Thos. Foster Seaman Will. McDugal Jno. Steward Peter Brown Thos. Donnason Thos. Bruge John Bensley Jno. Hill Will. Deans Jno. Thompson Geo. Powall Mungo Cook Will. Davidson Chs. McDermott Andw. Davis Will. Slater | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 7 May 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 5 May 1770 were read, approved and signed. Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Lioness to muster her crew and look for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll was entered as follows. William Larkins, commander Philip Bromfield, chief mate Henry Pascall, second mate Ralph Dundas, third mate Joseph Bailey, fourth mate William Mudge, fifth mate George Scollough, sixth mate Thomas Shepherd, purser William Mathewson, surgeon James Douglas, midshipman William Wilford, midshipman George Cunningham, midshipman Joseph Trapp, midshipman John Swan, midshipman Thomas Mapseth, carpenter John Edington, gunner John Northam, boatswain Joseph Tinker, surgeon's mate Jonathan Hawkins, surgeon's second mate Robert Wright, surgeon's second mate William Rostens, quartermaster William Phillips, quartermaster John Tait, cooper Edward Cobham, caulker William Harford, sailmaker George Mudger, carpenter's mate Thomas Swaik, gunner's mate Richard Bull, boatswain's mate Philip Edge, caulker's mate James Shuckleth, ship's steward Andrew Cowell, captain's steward James Turner, captain's cook Thomas Holmes, ship's steward George Clarkson, captain's servant Thomas Sykes, poulterer John Bailey, butcher John Reeves, ship's cook William Powell, captain's servant Rushens Holmes, surgeon's servant Francis Ford, chief mate's servant Threadway Parker, second mate's servant William Blake, carpenter's servant John Shabol, gunner's servant Benjamin Brewer, boatswain's servant Thomas Foster, seaman William McDugal, seaman John Steward, seaman Peter Brown, seaman Thomas Donnavan, seaman Thomas Bruge, seaman John Bensley, seaman John Hill, seaman William Evans, seaman John Thompson, seaman George Pownall, seaman Mungo Cook, seaman William Davidson, seaman Charles McDermott, seaman Andrew Davies, seaman William Slater, seaman | |
228 | 7th May Andw. Davidson Seaman John Carey John Crawley Will. Hicks Saml. Sykes Will. Leach John Baker John Armstrong Jo. Walker Jos. Foster Saml. Hickins Robt. Moldrum Will. Chapman Robt. Alcrow Andw. Alcrow Thos. Leslie Seaman Geo. Baldwin Will. Lewis Petr. Martin Thos. Truden Robt. Newton Thos. Watts Nixson Jno. Reynolds Will. Green Thos. Deveny Saml. Campain Jas. Robinson Geo. Bellingal Hector Turnbull Robt. Balls Jno. Peat Jno. Victor Seaman Robt. Seaman Jno. Philip Walker Martin Swarton Carsten Fenderson Marten Sayers Jno. Lock Lewis Crush Jas. Mills Lewis Lonerillo Jas. Gramond Gilliard Michaud John Shipp Fredk. Seymore Gasper Lance (Signed) William Larkins One of the Honble. Company's Old Long Boats that were kept for Assisting the Shipping and employed on board the Royal Charlotte being drove out to Sea on Friday last, and notwithstanding all the immediate Assistance that could be given her. The Wind was so very high, and the Sea Rough that they were under a necessity for the safety of the People to call the Boats off & let her drive to Sea. We this day Enlisted Robert Boyce from the Ship Royal Charlotte he being a useful man in the Armourers Shop we gave him ten pounds bounty Money. | The final names on the Lioness's muster roll were as follows. Andrew Davidson, seaman John Carey, seaman John Crawley, seaman William Hicks, seaman Samuel Sykes, seaman William Leach, seaman John Baker, seaman John Armstrong, seaman J. Walker, seaman Joseph Foster, seaman Samuel Hitchins, seaman Robert Moldrum, seaman William Chapman, seaman Robert Alcrow, seaman Andrew Alcrow, seaman Thomas Leslie, seaman George Baldwin, seaman William Lewis, seaman Peter Martin, seaman Thomas Truden, seaman Robert Newton, seaman Thomas Watts Nixon, seaman John Reynolds, seaman William Green, seaman Thomas Downy, seaman Samuel Campaine, seaman James Robinson, seaman George Bellengal, seaman Hector Turnbull, seaman Robert Balls, seaman John Peat, seaman John Victor, seaman Robert Seaman, seaman John Philip Walker, seaman Martin Swarton, seaman Gusten Sanderson, seaman Martin Sayers, seaman John Lock, seaman Lewis Crush, seaman James Mills, seaman Lewis Lonerillo, seaman James Gramond, seaman Gilaird Michaud, seaman John Shipp, seaman Frederick Seymore, seaman Gaspar Lance, seaman William Larkins signed the roll. On Friday 4 May the Company lost one of its old longboats, which were kept to help the shipping and was then working alongside the Royal Charlotte. A gale drove her out to sea. Every effort was made to save her, but the wind blew very hard and the sea ran high. To keep the men safe, the other boats had to be called back and the longboat left to drift away. The Council enlisted Robert Boyce from the Royal Charlotte the same day. He was a skilled man for the armourer's shop, and the Council paid him a bounty of £10. Interpretations The Council lost two of its longboats within three weeks. Jeremiah Whorrill and Robert Frankish took one to sea on 17 April 1770, and the gale carried off another on 4 May. The boats did all the landing and loading in the open road, and a new one had cost £25 from Captain John Waddell on 26 February 1770. Even so, the Council chose to let this one go rather than risk the crews sent to recover her. Skilled boatmen were harder to replace than timber and oars. Robert Boyce appeared on the Royal Charlotte's muster roll, entered on 5 May 1770, as her armourer. The Council had just sent Matthew Purling aboard to make sure no soldier slipped onto the ship. Now it took one of her skilled crew for the garrison. Recruiting from passing ships was the island's chief source of men, and a ship's armourer was worth the top bounty. The garrison's muskets and the armourer's shop needed a man who could forge, file and fit gunlocks. Captain Clements gave up a tradesman and sailed short of one, and the Council's £10 secured a skill the island could not train for itself. | |
229 | 1770 John Carfoot Bombardier this day Petitioned for his discharge from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company his contracted time. Granted John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 9th day of May 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govern. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved & Signed, dated the 7 May 1770 Last Night Arrived the Honble. Company's Ship British King and this Morning the Harcourt both from England by which Ships we received Packets from the Honble. Court of Directors which we opened and read their Orders and Instructions to Us, we then sent for Messrs. William Wrangham James Desfountain William Webber Doveton, Robert Barclay John Richard Nathan Sampell, Thomas Leah and the second Lieutenants & acquainted them with the Honble. Company's Orders with respect to each of them. This day Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Royal Charlotte for England John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | John Carfoot, a bombardier, asked to be discharged from the garrison because he had served his full term with the Company. The Council granted his request. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. The Council met at the Castle on Wednesday 9 May 1770. The Governor attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 7 May 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Company's ship British King arrived the night before, and the Harcourt came in that morning. Both had sailed from England and brought packets from the Court of Directors. The Council opened the packets and read the Court's orders. It then sent for William Wrangham, James Desfountain, William Webber Doveton, Robert Barclay, John Pritchard, Nathan Sampell, Thomas Leach and the second lieutenants. It told each of them what the Court had ordered in his case. The Royal Charlotte sailed for England the same day. The Governor, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The Court of Directors decided each servant's pay, promotion and standing in London, months after the events on the island. The packets brought those decisions back to the men they concerned. The list of men summoned crosses the whole establishment. It took in the paymaster, a writer, the surgeon and his mate, the pensioner Nathan Sampell, the artillery lieutenant and every second lieutenant in the garrison. That range suggests the Court had dealt with the pay and posts of the island's servants as a whole, rather than with one man's case. The Council gave each man the Court's ruling to his face rather than posting it up. A rise, a refusal or a recall from the Directors carried weight on a small island where each of these men also had a family and a position to keep. John Carfoot left the garrison just weeks after 44 of his fellow soldiers had taken the £10 bounty to stay on. He had been one of the four bombardiers on the Artillery Company's pay list for the quarter ending 31 March 1770, at £6 15s 0d. The Council granted his discharge without comment, because a man who had served his contracted time had a right to it. Even the offer of a bounty could not hold a man who wanted to go home. The British King and Harcourt in the road gave Carfoot his passage. | |
230 | 14 May At a Consultation held on Monday the 14th day of May 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, & signed dated the 9th May 1770 Yesterday died William Griffin and Daniel Masterson Private Mr. Richard Bagley this Day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipfull John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The Humble Petition of Richd. Bagley Sheweth That your Petitioner has received by the Ship Lioness a Copy of Mrs. Mary Hunt's Will (late of Bengal) together with some Papers relative thereto, which he requests may be registered. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) 14th May 1770 Richd. Bagley The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of April last, were this Day laid before Us, which have been examined, approved of and are as follow vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 14 May 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 9 May 1770 were read, approved and signed. Two privates, William Griffin and Daniel Masterson, died on Sunday 13 May. Richard Bagley presented a petition, dated 14 May 1770, to the Governor and Council. He stated that the Lioness had brought him a copy of the will of the late Mary Hunt of Bengal, with some papers relating to it. He asked for them to be entered in the island's register. The accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for April were then laid before the Council. The Council examined and approved them, and they were entered as follows. Interpretations Richard Bagley asked the Council to register a will made in Bengal because the Council was the island's only court of record. A will proved in Calcutta had no automatic force on St Helena. Entering a copy in the Council's register let him show his right to any bequest, or his authority to act for the estate, if property or debts on the island were concerned. The same Council had proved his brother Orlando Bagley's will on 23 April 1770, with Richard named as one of the executors. Families like the Bagleys had relatives and dealings in India as well as land on the island. The Company's ships carried their legal papers along with the rice and arrack, and the register at the Castle tied the two ends of the family's affairs together. William Griffin had been a private in the Third Company and drew his full quarter's pay of £3 15s 0d to 31 March 1770. | |
231 | 1770 Artillery Stores Expended in April last 1770. Guns fired, 18 lbs, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lbs, Powder Expended oz 1 Departed a Dane Ship: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 2 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived a Sweed Ship: Guns fired 8, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 8, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 12, Powder Expended oz 0 4 Departed the Granby: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 5th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Triton: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 7 Departed the Nottingham, Pigot, Hector & Speke: Guns fired 36, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 36, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 54, Powder Expended oz 0 8th Departed the Havannah: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 10 An Alarm at Burlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 14, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Earl of Lincoln: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 11th Powder for the Funeral of John Long Soldier: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 4 16 Departed the Earl of Lincoln: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 18 A Double Alarm for three Ships that passed by: Guns fired 10, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 8, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 24, Powder Expended oz 0 27 An Alarm at Burlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 4, Powder Expended oz 13 do. do. at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Royal Charlotte: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 26, Powder Expended oz 0 Priming for all the above Salutes: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 15 Powder to Shoot Goats at different times: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 11 do. to repair the Cartridges at the Mn. Guard at do.: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 19, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for the Works at the Lime at do.: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 17, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for do. at Lemon Valley at do.: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for the Men in the Long Boats: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 0, Powder Expended oz 0 Total: Guns fired 129, 18 lbs 4, 6 lbs 107, 4 lbs 30, 1 lbs 8, Powder Expended lbs 342, Powder Expended oz 11 lb. oz Tallow for the Companys Boats at different times 14 Lead Ball to Shoot Goats at do. 1 15 Match Expended at do. 6 Tompions do. at do. 6lbs. 4 Handspikes for the Long Boat 1 Paper for the Works at Lemon Valley Quires 1 (signed) Thos. Bazett Commandt. Artillery | The account of artillery stores used in April 1770, which the Council examined and approved, read as follows. 1 April, a Danish ship departed: 9 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 9 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 2 April, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 2 April, a Swedish ship arrived: 8 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 8 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 one-pounders, powder 12 lb 0 oz 4 April, the Granby departed: 9 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 9 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 5 April, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 5 April, the Triton arrived: 9 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 9 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 7 April, the Nottingham, Pigot, Hector and Speke departed: 36 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 36 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 one-pounders, powder 54 lb 0 oz. 8 April, the Havannah departed: 9 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 9 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 10 April, an alarm at Purling's Battery: 2 guns fired, 2 eighteen-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 one-pounders, powder 14 lb 0 oz 10 April, the Earl of Lincoln arrived: 9 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 9 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz. 11 April, powder for the funeral of John Long, soldier: 0 guns fired, powder 2 lb 4 oz 16 April, the Earl of Lincoln departed: 9 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 9 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 18 April, a double alarm for three ships that passed by: 10 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 8 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 24 lb 0 oz 27 April, an alarm at Purling's Battery: 2 guns fired, 2 eighteen-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 one-pounders, powder 4 lb 13 oz 27 April, an alarm at Prosperous Bay: 6 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 27 April, the Royal Charlotte arrived: 9 guns fired, 0 eighteen-pounders, 9 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. Priming for all the salutes above, powder 26 lb 0 oz Powder for shooting goats at different times, powder 1 lb 15 oz Powder for repairing the cartridges at the main guard, powder 1 lb 11 oz Powder for the works at the Line, powder 19 lb 0 oz Powder for the works at Lemon Valley, powder 17 lb 0 oz Powder for the men in the longboats, powder 13 lb 0 oz Total: 129 guns fired, 4 eighteen-pounders, 107 six-pounders, 20 four-pounders, 8 one-pounders, powder 312 lb 11 oz Tallow for the Company's boats at different times, 14 lb 0 oz Lead ball for shooting goats at different times, 1 lb 15 oz Match used at different times, 6 lb Tompions used at different times, 4 Handspikes for the longboat, 1 Paper for the works at Lemon Valley, 1 quire Thomas Bazett, commanding the artillery, signed the account. Interpretations Most of the month's powder went on ceremony and signals rather than defence. Every Company ship that arrived or left was saluted with nine six-pounders, and the four ships that sailed together on 7 April took 36 guns and 54 lb of powder. Foreign ships got the same or nearly so: nine guns for the departing Dane and eight for the arriving Swede. Salutes and their priming used about 230 lb of the 312 lb burned in April. The Company accepted the cost because the salute was how a fortified island showed its strength and loyalty to every flag that passed. Nobody arriving at St Helena missed that its batteries were manned and ready. The alarm guns spoke a code of their own. A sighting was signalled with small four-pounders and one-pounders, fired in fixed numbers from the lookout posts so the Castle could read what had been seen. Purling's Battery used two eighteen-pounders, whose heavy report carried further. On 18 April three ships passed without stopping, and a double alarm of ten guns was fired. These were the four Dutch ships the Council recorded as passing that day, seen from different posts. The soldiers paid to run express on such occasions, as entered in the paymaster's account on 31 March 1770, carried the details the guns could not convey. The garrison's powder also went to everyday uses: blasting rock for the works at the Line and at Lemon Valley, and shooting goats. The goats were probably wild animals culled from the Company's ranges, or killed for the Castle's table. The 2 lb 4 oz fired at John Long's funeral on 11 April was the volley over the grave of the private who died on 10 April 1770. A tompion was a wooden plug fitted into the muzzle of a gun to keep out rain and spray. Match was slow-burning cord used to fire the guns, and the tallow greased the boats' blocks and oars. | |
232 | 14 May Sundrys Expended at the Honorable Company's Table in April last 1770 28 Bottles Lisbon £ 2 2 10 do. Mountain 15 47 do. Beer 5 5¾ 31½ Galls. Arrack 4 13 6 132½ lb. Beef 2 15 2½ 232 lb. Mutton 4 16 8 5 Turkeys 1 5 18 Fowls 1 7 11 Ducks 16 6 1 Goose 5 2½ Butter 2 3 79 Candy 1 19 6 506 lb. Flour 4 14 10½ 6 Pigs 1 10 £ 27 7 11¾ The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Lioness vizt. Account of Stores short recd. from Ship Lioness vizt. C. qr. lb. 3 1 6 Rice 1 Sugar 4 Candles Short weight occasioned by Wastage the Packages being in Good Order 2 Leaguers Arrack vizt. No. 1 Gages Galls. 152 wants to fill Galls. 7 No. 2 do. 150 wants to fill 9 302 16 16 Received 286 Gallons (signed) St. Helena 14th May 1770 James Powell Storekeeper | The account of food and drink used at the Company's table in April 1770 was entered as follows. Lisbon wine, 28 bottles, £2 2s 0d Mountain wine, 10 bottles, £0 15s 0d Beer, 47 bottles, £0 5s 5¾d Arrack, 31¾ gallons, £4 13s 6d Beef, 182½ lb, £2 15s 2½d Mutton, 232 lb, £4 16s 8d Turkeys, 5, £1 5s 0d Fowls, 18, £1 7s 0d Ducks, 11, £0 16s 6d Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d Butter, 2 lb, £0 2s 3d Sugar candy, 79 lb, £1 19s 6d Flour, 506 lb, £4 14s 10½d Pigs, 6, £1 10s 0d Total, £27 7s 11¾d The storekeeper also delivered an account of the stores from the Lioness that had come ashore short. Rice, short weight through wastage, 3 cwt 1 qr 6 lb Sugar, short weight through wastage, 1 cwt 0 qr 0 lb Candles, short weight through wastage, 0 cwt 0 qr 4 lb Arrack, leaguer no. 1, gauged at 152 gallons, wanting 7 gallons to fill Arrack, leaguer no. 2, gauged at 150 gallons, wanting 9 gallons to fill Arrack, total gauged, 302 gallons Arrack, total wanting, 16 gallons Arrack, received, 286 gallons Powell put the shortfall in rice, sugar and candles down to ordinary wastage, since the packages had arrived in good order. James Powell, the storekeeper, signed the account at St Helena on 14 May 1770. Interpretations The Lioness and the Royal Charlotte carried the same Bengal cargo, packed by the same sub-accountant, but very different amounts were missing on arrival. The Lioness landed her rice only 3 cwt 1 qr 6 lb short, an ordinary loss for the voyage. On 5 May 1770 Powell had recorded the Royal Charlotte's rice as more than 87 cwt short, part of it in bags that were never delivered at all. Wastage could not account for whole bags gone missing. The record does not show the Council asking John Clements to answer for the gap, even though a commander was responsible for cargo lost through theft by his crew. Set side by side, the two accounts suggest that the Royal Charlotte's rice was sold or used on the passage. Whatever the reason, the Council let the matter rest. The April table was a small sample of the hospitality the Council kept up for passing commanders and passengers. Lisbon was a white wine from the Portuguese hills, then the cheapest table wine in English use. Mountain was a sweet wine made from grapes grown on the hills around Málaga, drunk in the way sherry later came to be. Mutton, at 232 lb, was the largest single item, and it came from the Company's own flocks. That fits the Lieutenant Governor taking his mutton allowance in cash on 31 March 1770: the sheep were wanted at the Castle. Flour and sugar candy were used in quantity for pastry and punch. The 31¾ gallons of arrack went into the punch that every ship's arrival called for. | |
233 | 1770 The Sheriff this Day presented the following Account of the Expences of his Office for the Year past which we Ordered to be paid Fees to Bailiffs and Cryer in the Shrivalty of Mr. Richd. Goodwin To Thos. Fones for proclaiming Sessions in July 1769 £ 5 To Bailiff for summoning Jury to serve at Ditto 10 To 4 do. serving at do. 1 To Thos. Fones for summoning twelve Men appointed at said Sessions to serve as Bailiffs 15 To two Bailiffs sent in search of Goats stolen from Jn. Whitchurch 10 To two do. assisting Constable in Arresting Tom 10 To two do. assisting to Apprehend Peter 10 To one do. attending at the examination of Witnesses upon the Commitment of Tom and Cupid 5 To Thos. Fones for proclaiming Sessions in October 1769 5 To Summoning Jury to Serve at do. 10 To Rendizvous flying party by Proclamation 5 To six Bailiffs Service at do. 1 10 To Bailiffs Fees at Execution of Cupid 1 10 To two do. sent to apprehend John Bagley 10 To Thos. Fones for proclaiming Sessions in January 1770 5 To Summoning Jury to Serve at do. 10 To six Bailiffs Service at do. 1 10 To Thos. Fones for proclaiming Sessions in April 1770 5 To Summoning Jury to Serve at do. 10 To Six Bailiffs Service at do. 1 10 To one do. sent to kill Dogs that destroyed Sheep & Lambs 5 £ 13 10 | The sheriff presented an account of the costs of his office for the past year, and the Council ordered it paid. The account covered fees to the bailiffs and crier while Richard Goodwin was sheriff. Thomas Jones, proclaiming the sessions in July 1769, £0 5s 0d A bailiff, summoning the jury for those sessions, £0 10s 0d 4 bailiffs, serving at those sessions, £1 0s 0d Thomas Jones, summoning 12 men appointed at those sessions to serve as bailiffs, £0 15s 0d 2 bailiffs, sent to search for goats stolen from John Whitchurch, £0 10s 0d 2 bailiffs, helping the constable arrest Tom, £0 10s 0d 2 bailiffs, helping to arrest Peter, £0 10s 0d 1 bailiff, attending the examination of witnesses when Tom and Cupid were committed, £0 5s 0d Thomas Jones, proclaiming the sessions in October 1769, £0 5s 0d Summoning the jury for those sessions, £0 10s 0d Assembling a flying party by proclamation, £0 5s 0d 6 bailiffs, serving at those sessions, £1 10s 0d Bailiffs' fees at the execution of Cupid, £1 10s 0d 2 bailiffs, sent to arrest John Bagley, £0 10s 0d Thomas Jones, proclaiming the sessions in January 1770, £0 5s 0d Summoning the jury for those sessions, £0 10s 0d 6 bailiffs, serving at those sessions, £1 10s 0d Thomas Jones, proclaiming the sessions in April 1770, £0 5s 0d Summoning the jury for those sessions, £0 10s 0d 6 bailiffs, serving at those sessions, £1 10s 0d 1 bailiff, sent to kill dogs that had killed sheep and lambs, £0 5s 0d Total, £13 10s 0d Interpretations The account shows the island's criminal justice working on the English pattern of quarter sessions. Each quarter the crier proclaimed the sessions, a jury was summoned and bailiffs kept order in court. The men the bailiffs pursued appear only by single names: Tom, Peter and Cupid. That was how slaves were recorded on the island, so these were almost certainly slaves. Cupid was committed with Tom, tried at the October sessions of 1769 and hanged. The Company paid the bailiffs £1 10s 0d to carry out the sentence. A slave tried before a jury of free settlers, with the free population turned out as bailiffs to hold him, shows how the law's machinery bore down hardest on the unfree. The flying party called out by proclamation was an armed band of settlers raised to hunt runaways in the island's ravines and high ground. Slaves who escaped could survive for weeks in the interior by stealing goats and food. The search for goats stolen from John Whitchurch, and the arrests of Tom and Peter, probably belonged to the same pursuit. Calling out a flying party cost the Company only the crier's fee, since the settlers who joined it served without pay. The sheriff's office itself was unpaid as well, which made James Grantree's appointment on 16 April 1770 a duty rather than a reward. Only the bailiffs and the crier were paid for each task. The bailiff sent to kill dogs that were attacking sheep and lambs shows that the sheriff's men also enforced the rules that protected the island's flocks. | |
234 | 14th May Mr. James Greentree was this day Sworn into the Office of Sheriff and Messrs. Matthew Bazett and Solomon St. Maurice in that of Church Wardens, and John Seale as Constable Messrs. Robt. Wigram and John Silvester Hay Surgeons of the Ships British King and Harcourt applying to Us to be paid the usual Sum of 5/ for each Recruit we directed the Paymaster to pay them which amounts to £ 23 15 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling At a Consultation held on Monday the 21st day of May 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 14th May 1770 Monday the 14th arrived the Osterley's Boat at Banks's at half an Hour past eight OClock at Night do. do. do. The Earl of Ashburnham's Boat at Banks's a quarter of an hour before Nine at Night do. do. do. The Honble. Company's Ships Osterley and Earl of Ashburnham both from China Wednesday the 16th arrived the Duke of Albany's Boat at Banks's a quarter of an Hour before ten OClock in the Morning | On 14 May 1770 James Grantree was sworn in as sheriff, Matthew Bazett and Solomon St Maurice as churchwardens, and John Seale as constable. Robert Wigram and John Silvester Hay, the surgeons of the British King and the Harcourt, asked to be paid the usual 5s for each recruit. The Council ordered the paymaster to pay them £23 15s 0d. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 21 May 1770. The Governor attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 14 May 1770 were read, approved and signed. On Monday 14 May the Osterley's boat landed at Banks's at half past eight in the evening. The Earl of Ashburnham's boat landed there at a quarter to nine. The Company's ships Osterley and Earl of Ashburnham came in the same night, both from China. On Wednesday 16 May the Duke of Albany's boat landed at Banks's at a quarter to ten in the morning. Interpretations The Company paid ships' surgeons a fee for each recruit they landed at St Helena. At 5s a head, the £23 15s 0d paid to Wigram and Hay came to 95 men brought out by the British King and the Harcourt. A surgeon was paid only for men who reached the island alive. That gave him a direct reason to keep recruits fed and healthy on a voyage of three months, during which crowded soldiers often fell to fever and scurvy. The draft arrived soon after the March discharges and the re-enlistment bounties. It refilled the companies and let the Council stop relying on high bounties to recruit seamen from the ships in the road. The boats landing at Banks's at night show how the warning system worked in practice. Each ship sent her boat in ahead of her, so the Castle knew who was coming before she rounded into the road. Without that, the batteries would have to treat an unidentified ship after dark as a possible enemy. | |
235 | 21st May Wednesday the 16th arrived the Honble. Company's Ship Duke of Albany from Bencoolen do. do. Passed by a Ship at a great distance Friday the 18th died James Swanson Private do. do. do. Henry Harper Inhabitant do. do. Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Lioness for England do. do. Passed by a Ship Under French Colours Yesterday arrived the Neptune's Boat at Banks's at half an Hour past three OClock in the Afternoon do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Neptune from China do. do. A Spanish Frigate from Manilla called the La Venus Demi Mundo Captn. Manuel Gonzales De Guiral carrys 28 Guns and 270 Men bound to Spain This day passed by a Ship at a Great Distance The Earl of Ashburnham brought Us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship Earl of Ashburnham 24 Chests Sugar vizt. No. 61 76 288 2 76 288 3 76 289 4 76 288 5 76 288 6 75 286 7 77 296 8 75 288 9 77 291 70 77 289 71 76 288 2 75 287 918 3460 No. 3 75 287 4 76 286 5 74 287 6 76 287 7 75 287 8 76 290 9 75 288 80 77 290 81 74 286 2 74 287 3 77 290 84 75 286 614 Ca. 6100 6911 614 6297 Ct. Pr. 6297 @ [...] 912 4 9 Errors Excepted (signed) Henry Revell Hillary Torriano Messrs. De Neve Fra. Wood Junr. Wm. Harrison Matt. Raper Junr. John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw Benj. Lenn Edward Phipps Will. Bevan Thos. Dean Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of April last which was follows vizt. Margin Notes: No. 61 [...] | The Duke of Albany came in from Bencoolen on Wednesday 16 May. On the same day a ship passed the island far out to sea. Private James Swanson died on Friday 18 May, and so did Henry Harper, an inhabitant. The Lioness sailed for England that day, and a ship under French colours passed the island. The Neptune's boat landed at Banks's at half past three on the afternoon of Sunday 20 May. The Company's ship Neptune came in from China the same day. A Spanish frigate from Manila also arrived, the Venus [...], commanded by Captain Manuel Gonzales de Guzmal. She carried 28 guns and 270 men and was bound for Spain. Another ship passed far out to sea on 21 May. The Earl of Ashburnham brought the following stores, listed on her invoice. Sugar chest no. 61, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 62, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 63, tare 26 lb, gross 289 lb Sugar chest no. 64, tare 24 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 65, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 66, tare 25 lb, gross 286 lb Sugar chest no. 67, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Sugar chest no. 68, tare 25 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 69, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Sugar chest no. 70, tare 27 lb, gross 289 lb Sugar chest no. 71, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 72, tare 25 lb, gross 287 lb Subtotal for sugar chests nos. 61 to 72, tare 310 lb, gross 3,460 lb Sugar chest no. 73, tare 25 lb, gross 287 lb Sugar chest no. 74, tare 26 lb, gross 286 lb Sugar chest no. 75, tare 24 lb, gross 287 lb Sugar chest no. 76, tare 26 lb, gross 287 lb Sugar chest no. 77, tare 25 lb, gross 287 lb Sugar chest no. 78, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Sugar chest no. 79, tare 25 lb, gross 288 lb Sugar chest no. 80, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Sugar chest no. 81, tare 24 lb, gross 286 lb Sugar chest no. 82, tare 24 lb, gross 287 lb Sugar chest no. 83, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Sugar chest no. 84, tare 25 lb, gross 286 lb Total gross weight of sugar, 24 chests, 6,911 lb Total tare of sugar, 614 lb Net sugar, 6,297 lb, being 47 piculs 22 catties at 4 taels 5 mace a picul, 212 taels 4 mace 9 candareens The supercargoes signed the invoice with errors excepted. Henry Revell Hillary Torriano Stephen De Vismes Francis Wood junior William Harrison Matthew Raper junior John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw Benjamin Torin Edward Phipps William Rous Thomas Bevan The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for April. Interpretations The Spanish frigate was on a route that Spain had opened only a few years before. Trade between Manila and Spain had always run by the Acapulco galleon across the Pacific and overland through Mexico. From the mid-1760s the Spanish crown began sending warships straight from Manila to Cádiz around the Cape of Good Hope. Those voyages broke the Acapulco merchants' monopoly and carried royal revenue and dispatches home. Such a ship had to stop for water and fresh food, and St Helena was the obvious place. Her 28 guns and 270 men were more than the island's whole infantry company. A heavily armed foreign warship anchored in the road was the kind of visitor the batteries and their salutes were there to watch. The sugar ran on in the same numbered series as the earlier Canton shipments. The Earl of Lincoln had brought chests 41 to 60, and the Earl of Ashburnham now brought 61 to 84. The supercargoes charged 4 taels 5 mace a picul again, the same price they had set for sugar on every Canton invoice in this series. The Canton sugar market was steady that season, unlike the Bengal rice that rose so sharply between the Royal Charlotte and the Lioness. | |
236 | Cash Dr. 1770 April 1st To Balance remaining £ 7730 4 4 2 To Exchange for 4 Sets Bills drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable as follows vizt. One Set to John Smith Esqr. £ 599 10 One do. to Captn. Fasham Nairne 226 5 One do. to John Burling Esqr. 1000 One do. to John Barns 20 1845 15 4th To Ship Granby 16 2 8 6 To Ship Nottingham 19 9 To Ship Speke 12 12 7 To Ship Pigot 16 10 10 To Ship Hector 14 19 3 To Exchange for a Set Bills drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable to Captn. Jeffry Jackson 700 7 To Ship Havannah 10 7 2 9 To Ship Triton 6 16 8 16 To Ship Earl of Lincoln 13 2 9 23 To Exchange for a Set Bills drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable to Mr. Alexander Tod 212 16 3 £ 10598 16 6 Per Contra Cr. 1770 April 30th By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie 10059 1 6 In Cash Notes 539 15 10598 16 6 £ 10598 16 6 Margin Notes: 21st May | The Council's count of the Company's cash for April 1770 produced the following account. Debit 1 April 1770, balance remaining, £7,730 4s 4d 2 April 1770, bill of exchange on the Court of Directors payable to John Smith, £599 10s 0d 2 April 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Captain Fasham Nairne, £226 5s 0d 2 April 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to John Purling, £1,000 0s 0d 2 April 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to John Barns, £20 0s 0d Total for the 4 sets of bills, £1,845 15s 0d 4 April 1770, received from the Granby, £16 2s 8d. 6 April 1770, received from the Nottingham, £19 9s 0d. 6 April 1770, received from the Speke, £12 12s 7d. 6 April 1770, received from the Pigot, £16 10s 10d. 6 April 1770, received from the Hector, £14 19s 3d. 6 April 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Captain Jeffry Jackson, £700 0s 0d 7 April 1770, received from the Havannah, £10 7s 2d. 9 April 1770, received from the Triton, £6 16s 8d. 16 April 1770, received from the Earl of Lincoln, £13 2s 9d. 23 April 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Alexander Tod, £212 16s 3d Total, £10,598 16s 6d Credit 30 April 1770, balance remaining in coin, £10,059 1s 6d 30 April 1770, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,598 16s 6d Total, £10,598 16s 6d Interpretations The treasury's coin recovered almost entirely through bills of exchange. In April nobody drew on the chest for pay, and almost £2,760 in cash came in from people who wanted money in London. They paid coin into the treasury on the island and received bills that the Court of Directors would pay at home. The coin in the chest rose from £7,190 9s 4d on 31 March to £10,059 1s 6d on 30 April 1770. Without that private demand for remittances, the island had no other means of refilling its treasury between the Court's shipments of silver. Matthew Purling's £1,000 bill to John Purling made up more than half of the sums remitted on 2 April. The bill to Captain Fasham Nairne for £226 5s 0d matched the second sum recorded for Purling's remittances that day. A councillor could only have that much coin on the island from his share of the arrack society and from hiring his slaves to the works, since his salary was much smaller. The treasury gained the coin it needed while Purling moved his profits safely home. Captain Jeffry Jackson of the Speke bought a £700 bill, perhaps from the proceeds of goods he had sold on the island. John Barns, the £20 bill-holder, was probably the private John Barnes discharged on 26 March, sending his savings home ahead of his own passage. | |
237 | 1770 On Tuesday the 15th instant Matthew Dunkell Matross applied to Us to be discharged from the Garrison, having procured Stephen Swartsen to serve three Years and eight Months, the remainder of his contracted time, we complied with his request, and entertained the said Swartsen accordingly. The Committee appointed to erect a School this Day presented the following Petition Vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of the Church Wardens and Committee for Erecting a School &c. Sheweth That your Petitioners were appointed a Committee by the Vestry held the 18th Instant for erecting a School &c. and as it is proposed the said School should be built in this Valley. Your Petitioners can think of but one Spot fit for the Purpose, which is the Ground where the Slaughter House now stands, Your Petitioners therefore request your Worship and Council will be pleased to let them have the said piece of Ground for the Use abovementioned. Your Petitioners likewise flatter themselves you will be so obliging as to assist them with Timber and what other Materials they may require for the aforesaid Building (and cannot otherwise procure) out of the Honble. Company's Stores. And your Petitioners will ever pray (signed) Solomon St. Maurice Matthew Bazett Church Wardens Richd. Goodwin Henry Bazett Richd. Beale William Wrangham St. Helena 21st May 1770 | On Tuesday 15 May 1770 Matthew Dunhill, a matross, asked to be discharged from the garrison. He had found Stephen Swartsen to serve the three years and eight months still left on his contract. The Council granted the request and took Swartsen on in his place. The committee appointed to build a school then presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council. The vestry, meeting on 18 May 1770, had appointed the churchwardens and a committee to set up a school. It was proposed that the school stand in James's Valley. The committee could think of only one suitable site, the ground where the slaughterhouse then stood. It asked the Governor and Council to grant that plot for the school. It also asked the Council to supply timber and any other materials from the Company's stores that the committee could not get elsewhere. The petition was dated at St Helena on 21 May 1770. Solomon St Maurice and Matthew Bazett signed it as churchwardens, with Richard Goodwin, Henry Bazett, Richard Beale and William Wrangham. The Council's decision followed the petition. Interpretations The island had been without a schoolmaster since Richard Beale senior died on 7 October 1769. Seven months later the settlers set out to build a proper school instead of waiting for the Company to send a new master. The vestry acted through the churchwardens chosen only days earlier. The committee was made up of the island's leading men: the late schoolmaster's son Captain Richard Beale, the former sheriff Richard Goodwin, the paymaster and a Bazett captain. They could raise money among themselves for the building. What they lacked was land in the crowded valley and timber, which the island did not grow and only the Company's stores could supply. The petition was framed accordingly. It asked for the two things the settlers could not supply themselves and left the rest to the parish. Matthew Dunhill bought his way out of the garrison by finding a substitute. He was discharged before his time, but the Company lost no service, since Stephen Swartsen took on the rest of his contract. The Council could accept the exchange without the cost of a bounty or a passage. A substitute was usually paid privately by the man he replaced. Dunhill was probably paying Swartsen for his freedom to leave on one of the ships then in the road. | |
238 | 21st May Defer giving an answer to the above mentioned Petition until another Opportunity George King Gunner having served the remainder of John Osbornes contracted time, which he engaged for Petitioned for his discharge from the Garrison, and leave to go to Bencoolen, the said King coming out last Year on the Ship Duke of Albany and being appointed a Cadet on the Bencoolen Establishment, and was left behind by Accident he behaving well since being upon the Island, and strongly recommended to the Governor of that Presidency we thought it reasonable to let him proceed on his Voyage to that Settlement, according to his request. Mr. William Wrangham this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Willm. Wrangham Sheweth That your Petitioner is desirous of disposing of Ten Acres of Lease Land lying in Peak Gut hanging, the property of Mr. David Aleock at Publick Auction. Your Petitioner therefore humbly prays your Worship and Council will be pleased to grant him leave so to do. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) 21st May 1770 Willm. Wrangham Granted On the 18th instant we received the following Letter from Captn. Paul | The Council put off its answer to the school committee's petition to a later date. George King, a gunner, had served out the remainder of John Osborne's contract, which he had taken on in Osborne's place. He now asked to be discharged from the garrison and allowed to go on to Bencoolen. King had come out the year before on the Duke of Albany, appointed a cadet on the Bencoolen establishment, and had been left behind on the island by accident. He had behaved well since landing and came strongly recommended to the Governor of that presidency. The Council thought it reasonable to let him continue his voyage to the settlement, as he asked. William Wrangham presented a petition, dated 21 May 1770, to Governor Skottowe and the Council. He wished to sell at public auction ten acres of leased land in Peak Gut that had belonged to David Alcock. He asked the Council's leave to do so, and it was granted. On 18 May the Council received a letter from Captain Paul, entered as follows. Interpretations Wrangham needed the Council's permission to sell because the land was leasehold. The Company owned the island and let its land to settlers on lease, so a lease could change hands only with the landlord's consent. A public auction also let the Council see who was buying and at what price. David Alcock had been one of the two men from whom Orlando Bagley bought land in Peak Gut, as his will, proved on 23 April 1770, recorded. Wrangham was one of Bagley's executors. This parcel was probably part of the same dealings, with Wrangham selling ten acres to raise money for the estate or to settle a debt to Alcock. George King's case shows the garrison serving as a holding place for men stranded in passing. A cadet left behind by his ship had no money and no way to reach his post. By taking over the rest of John Osborne's contract he earned a soldier's pay and kept himself until the Duke of Albany called again on her return from Bencoolen. The Council could have kept a good gunner on the strength. It let him go because his contract was served and a commission was waiting for him in the Company's service at Bencoolen. | |
239 | 1770 To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council St. Helena Honble. Sir & Sirs Having Occasion to take in Ballast at this Place if you have any Cast Guns, Musquet Barrels or Shells to return to England, shall be glad to take them in Freight Free, I am Honble. Sir & Sirs Your most Obedient Servant (signed) St. Helena 18 May 1770 Nathl. Paul Upon the Receipt of the above Letter we sent for the Captn. of Artillery and directed him to make a Report of all Iron Guns that were unserviceable, Agreeable thereto he delivered Us the following report vizt. Report of the Guns Unfit for Service No. 25 9 Pr. 11 6 2 3 38 (signed) James Tippet Capt. of Artillery John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | Captain Nathaniel Paul wrote to Governor Skottowe and the Council from St Helena on 18 May 1770. His ship needed ballast, so he offered to carry home to England, freight free, any cast guns, musket barrels or shells the island wished to return. On receiving the letter, the Council sent for the captain of artillery. It told him to report on every iron gun that was no longer fit for service. He delivered the following report. 9-pounder guns unfit for service, 25 6-pounder guns unfit for service, 11 3-pounder guns unfit for service, 2 Total guns unfit for service, 38 James Tippet signed the report as captain of artillery. The Governor, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations Captain Paul's offer cost the Company nothing. A homeward ship that had sold or landed her outward cargo rode too high in the water and needed weight in her hold to sail safely. She would normally take on stone or sand at the island, which was worthless at the end of the voyage. Old iron guns served the same purpose and could be sold for scrap or recast in England. The Council used the offer to find out how many of its guns were worthless. The answer was 38, most of them 9-pounders, a large share of the island's ordnance. Iron guns rusted fast in the salt air, and a corroded barrel could burst when fired. The April accounts show 107 rounds of 6-pounder salutes in a single month, so the batteries were working hard. Clearing out the condemned guns made room for new ones and gave the Court a count to set against the island's next request for ordnance. | |
240 | 22nd May At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 22 day of May 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Governor Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 21st of May 1770 Yesterday arrived the Duke of Grafton's Boat at Banks's at half an hour past five OClock in the Afternoon do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Duke of Grafton from Bengal This day do. The Norfolk's Boat at Banks's at half an hour past one OClock in the Morning do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Norfolk from China do. do. The Britannia's Boat at Banks's at two OClock in the Afternoon do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Britannia from Madrass (last from Mauritius) do. do. A Dutch Ship from Batavia called the Maria Jacoba Captn. Arians burthen 800 Tons carrys 20 Guns & 100 Men Loaden with Spice &c. bound to Holland do. do. A Spanish Frigate from Manilla called the St. Rosa Captn. Don John Sosa carrys 20 Guns & 180 Men bound to Spain The Duke of Grafton brought Us the following Supplies vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Tuesday 22 May 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 21 May 1770 were read, approved and signed. The boat of the Duke of Grafton landed at Banks's at half past five on the afternoon of 21 May. The Company's ship Duke of Grafton came in from Bengal later the same day. On 22 May the Norfolk's boat landed at Banks's at half past one in the morning, and the Norfolk came in from China. The Britannia's boat landed at Banks's at two in the afternoon. The Company's ship Britannia came in from Madras, having called last at Mauritius. Two foreign ships also arrived that day. The first was the Dutch ship Maria Jacoba, commanded by Captain Arians, of 800 tons, with 20 guns and 100 men. She had come from Batavia with a cargo of spices and other goods and was bound for Holland. The second was the Spanish frigate Santa Rosa, from Manila, commanded by Don John Isoa, with 20 guns and 180 men, also bound for Spain. The Duke of Grafton brought the following supplies. Interpretations The Britannia's call at Mauritius is unusual for a Company ship. Mauritius was the French island base in the Indian Ocean, the Île de France, and the main harbour for French warships and privateers in time of war. A British East Indiaman stopping there in peacetime suggests she needed water, repairs or shelter from weather on the passage from Madras. Her officers would also have brought news of French strength in those waters, which the Council would want for its packets to London. The road at James Town held ships from four nations within a single week. Two Spanish frigates had come from Manila, one Dutch spice ship from Batavia and a stream of Company ships from Bengal, Madras and China. Each foreign ship was recorded with her tonnage, guns and crew. That was intelligence as much as courtesy. A Dutch ship of 800 tons with 20 guns and a Spanish frigate with 180 men were both forces the batteries had to be ready to match. The Council's record of every foreign arrival kept London informed of who was sailing the Cape route and in what strength. | |
241 | 1770 Invoice of Ship Duke of Grafton vizt. Rice 60 Bags Wt. Md. 120 @ 10 Ans. pr. Md. 518 6 6 Wax Candles 4 Chests Wt. 8 @ 75 pr. Md. 600 Paddy 15 Bags Wt. 22 20 @ 21 pr. Ct. 46 4 9 Sugar 10 Bags Wt. 20 @ 8 pr. Md. 160 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagrs. @ 180 pr. Ld. 388 12 9 1713 8 Charges Merchandize 4 Chests 8 10 3 3/4 Ps. of Gurrah Cloth 4 11 9 Packages 4 14 3 135 Gunny Bags 20 1 6 100 Reed Mats 8 10 3 2 Empty Leagers 3 4 9 Packermen & Weighmen 2 Dust 1 12 9 Mohtas 12 5 6 Peon 2 5 Boathire 6 7 9 Sloop hire 135 211 5 Madeira Wine No. 1 to 6 6 Pipes @ 348 Cr. pr. Pipe 2088 Charges Merchandize Godown hire on 6 Pipes @ 12 Annas pr. Pipe 4 8 Boathire 28 12 Peon 2 35 4 Current Rupees 4078 4 Errors Excepted (signed) L. Darell Junr. Sub Accompt. | The invoice for the Duke of Grafton, valued in current rupees, was entered as follows. Rice, 60 bags weighing 120 maunds, at 10 seers for a rupee, 518 rupees 6 annas 6 pice Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds, at 75 rupees a maund, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Paddy, 15 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, at 21 seers for a rupee, 46 rupees 4 annas 9 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds, at 8 rupees a maund, 160 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at 180 rupees a leaguer, 388 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Total for goods, 1,713 rupees 8 annas 0 pice Chests, 4, 8 rupees 10 annas 3 pice Gurrah cloth, ¾ piece, 4 rupees 11 annas 9 pice Packing, 4 rupees 14 annas 3 pice Gunny bags, 135, 20 rupees 1 anna 6 pice Reed mats, 100, 8 rupees 10 annas 3 pice Empty leaguers, 2, 3 rupees 4 annas 9 pice Packers and weighmen, 2 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Duty, 1 rupee 12 annas 9 pice Clerks' fees, 12 rupees 5 annas 6 pice Peon, 2 rupees 5 annas 0 pice Boat hire, 6 rupees 7 annas 9 pice Sloop hire, 135 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Total for charges, 241 rupees 8 annas 0 pice Madeira wine, pipes nos. 1 to 6, 6 pipes at 348 rupees a pipe, 2,088 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Porters' hire on 6 pipes of Madeira at 12 annas a pipe, 4 rupees 8 annas 0 pice Boat hire for the Madeira, 28 rupees 12 annas 0 pice Peon for the Madeira, 2 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Total for charges on the Madeira, 35 rupees 4 annas 0 pice Total, 4,078 rupees 4 annas 0 pice L. Darell junior, the sub-accountant, signed the invoice with errors excepted. Interpretations The six pipes of Madeira cost more than all the rice, paddy, sugar, candles and arrack put together. The wine was not sent from Bengal by mistake. Madeira shipped out to India and carried back through the tropics was thought to improve greatly from the heat and motion of the voyage. "East India Madeira" sold at a premium in London for that reason. At 348 rupees a pipe, this wine was meant for the Governor's table, not the garrison. The Company paid for it out of the Bengal treasury and charged it to St Helena's account, so the island's public table drank one of the most expensive wines of the age at the Company's cost. The rice on this invoice came to about 4 rupees 5 annas a maund. That was close to the Lioness's price and nearly half as much again as the Royal Charlotte's. The Duke of Grafton loaded later in the season, after the rise in Bengal grain prices had taken hold. Each Bengal ship that reached St Helena that spring paid more for the same rice, as the dearth in the province grew into famine. | |
242 | 22 May The ten Working days allowed by Charter Party for unloading the Ships British King and Harcourt being Expired, we gave Captains Hoar and Paul Sailing Orders in writing to make the best of their way to Fort Marlborough on the West Coast of the Island Sumatra according to the orders they have received from the Honorable the Court of Directors, we likewise gave them the following Letters to the several Presidency's in India vizt. To the Honorable John Cartier Esqr. President & Governor &c. Council of Fort William Sir and Sirs We had the Honor to Address you by the Ships Duke of Albany under date 12th April 1769 Since which we have received your several Letters by the Queen, Salisbury, Shrewsbury, Talbot Ankerwyke, Hampshire, Royal Charlotte, Lioness & Duke of Grafton We desire you will send by each Ship for the Use of this Island eight Maunds of the best Wax Candles, those we have received for some time past proving excessive bad, therefore request what you in future send may be of a better sort. The Sugar from Bengal comes dearer than from China for which reason we desire you will discontinue sending that Article but fill up the Tonnage in Arrack, Rice and Paddy. We observed to you last Year that your Address to the Governor and Council of this Island was to the Deputy Governor which is very irregular as this Place is not Subordinate to any other, and as the same Address is continued the Reason we suppose the mistake must arise from your Secretary's Office therefore request you will Order it to be rectified. We have received six Pipes of Madeira Wine by the Duke of Grafton. Request you will please to send Us annually three Pipes agreeable to the Honble. the Court of Directors instructions. This Letter goes by way of Bencoolen Enclosed you will receive a List of Ships that have touched Margin Notes: [...] | The ten working days that the charter parties allowed for unloading the British King and the Harcourt had run out. The Council gave Captains Hoar and Paul written sailing orders. They were to go on to Fort Marlborough on the west coast of Sumatra, as the Court of Directors had instructed. The Council also gave them letters for the presidencies in India. The first letter was addressed to John Cartier, President and Governor of Fort William, and his Council. The Council recalled that it had last written to them by the Duke of Albany on 12 April 1769. Since then it had received their letters by the Queen, Salisbury, Shrewsbury, Talbot, Ankerwyke, Hampshire, Royal Charlotte, Lioness and Duke of Grafton. The Council asked Fort William to send eight maunds of the best wax candles by each ship for the island's use. The candles received for some time had been very poor, and it hoped future ones would be of a better kind. Sugar from Bengal cost more than sugar from China. The Council therefore asked Fort William to stop sending sugar and to fill that tonnage with arrack, rice and paddy instead. The Council had pointed out the year before that Fort William's letters were addressed to the Deputy Governor of St Helena. That was irregular, because the island was subordinate to no other settlement. The same address had been used again. The Council supposed the error came from Fort William's secretary's office and asked for it to be corrected. The Duke of Grafton had brought six pipes of Madeira wine. The Council asked Fort William to send only three pipes a year, as the Court of Directors had instructed. It added that this letter would go by way of Bencoolen and enclosed a list of the ships that had called at the island. Interpretations The Council sent back half the Madeira allowance it could have drunk. Fort William had sent six pipes, and the island could simply have accepted them and asked for the same again. Instead the Council asked for only the three a year the Court allowed. The Directors read every account the island sent home. Wine worth 2,088 rupees charged to the island's account was exactly the kind of excess they noticed and cut. Holding Bengal to the Court's limit protected the Council from a reprimand, at the cost of a thinner cellar at the Castle. The complaint about the address mattered more than it seems. St Helena answered directly to the Court in London, not to any Indian presidency. Letters to a "Deputy Governor" implied that the island was a dependency of Bengal and its Governor a subordinate officer. If that form went unchallenged it could become a precedent, inviting Calcutta to give the island orders. The Council made the point a second time because rank among the Company's settlements was settled by just such forms. The request to stop sending sugar followed from the invoices themselves. Bengal sugar cost about 8 rupees a maund, while Canton sugar cost 4 taels 5 mace a picul, which was cheaper once weights and currencies were compared. The Council put the space on Bengal ships to better use, carrying rice, paddy and arrack, the goods Bengal could supply more cheaply than anywhere else. | |
243 | 1770 here since our last We are Sir & Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (signed) St. Helena 22d. May 1770 John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Matthew Burling To the Honorable Josias Du Pre Esqr. President and Governor &c. Council of Fort St. George Sir and Sirs We had the Honor to Address you last under date of 12th April 1769 since that time your Advices by the Ships Dutton & Thames came safe to hand. We request you will send for the Use of this Place Ten Pieces of Long Cloth of ten pagodas pr. Piece, Twenty Pieces of eight pagodas pr. Piece, Thirty Pieces of six pagodas pr. Piece, Thirty Pieces of three & a half pagodas pr. Piece, and Thirty pieces of two & a half Pagodas pr. Piece, and the usual Quantity of Arrack, Rice & Paddy. You will receive this Letter by way of Bencoolen Enclosed have sent you a List of Ships that have called here since the 22d. April 1769 We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (signed) St. Helena 22d. May 1770 John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Matthew Burling | The letter to Fort William closed by noting the enclosed list of ships that had called at the island since the Council last wrote. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed it at St Helena on 22 May 1770. The second letter was addressed to Josias Du Pré, President and Governor of Fort St George, and his Council. The Council recalled that it had last written to them on 14 April 1769. Since then their letters by the Dutton and the Thames had arrived safely. The Council asked Fort St George to send the following long cloth for the island's use. Long cloth at 10 pagodas a piece, 10 pieces Long cloth at 8 pagodas a piece, 20 pieces Long cloth at 6 pagodas a piece, 30 pieces Long cloth at 3½ pagodas a piece, 30 pieces Long cloth at 2½ pagodas a piece, 30 pieces It also asked for the usual quantity of arrack, rice and paddy. The letter was to go by way of Bencoolen, with a list of the ships that had called at the island since 22 April 1769. The Governor, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed it at St Helena on 22 May 1770. Interpretations The order for long cloth was graded to suit everyone on the island. The pagoda was the gold coin and money of account at Madras, worth roughly 8s. The finest pieces, at 10 pagodas, cost about £4 each at Madras and were bought for the officers' shirts and household linen. The coarsest, at 2½ pagodas, made working clothes for soldiers and slaves. The warehouse accounts for the first quarter of 1770 show the same grades selling on the island under the marks L and D and nos. 8 and 9. The order matched what the warehouse had sold. The island bought a few pieces of the best and many of the cheaper sorts, because most of its people were soldiers and slaves rather than gentlemen. Madras, like Bengal, was treated as a supplier rather than a superior. The Council asked Fort St George for cloth, arrack, rice and paddy in exchange for nothing more than a list of shipping. Each Indian presidency charged the cost of what it sent to the island's account with the Company. In London, the Court set those charges against St Helena's own small revenues. | |
244 | 22 May To the Honorable Thomas Hodges Esqr. President & Governor &c. Council of Bombay Sir & Sirs We had the Honor to Address you last by the Ship Duke of Albany under date 12th April 1769 your several Advices since that time have been duly received. We desire you will send for the Use of this Island one hundred pieces of Surat Chelloes and the same quantity of Rice and Paddy as we received last Year. Enclosed we transmit you a List of Ships arrival and Departure to and from St. Helena since our last. We are Sir & Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (signed) St. Helena 22 May 1770 John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Matthew Burling To the Honble. Richard Wyatt Esqr. President and Governor &c. Council of Fort Marlborough Sir and Sirs Your Letter by the Duke of Albany we received the 16th instant. By the Ships British King and Harcourt you will receive their respective Charter Partys Victuallings Bills & Manifest of Goods likewise Captn. Hoar's Instructions together with our several Letters to the Presidency's in India, which we desire you will forward by the first opportunity, we also transmit you a | The third letter was addressed to Thomas Hodges, President and Governor of Bombay, and his Council. The Council recalled that it had last written to them by the Duke of Albany on 14 April 1769. Their letters since then had all arrived. The Council asked Bombay to send 100 pieces of Surat chelloes for the island's use, with the same quantity of rice and paddy as the year before. It enclosed a list of ships that had arrived at and left St Helena since its last letter. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed it at St Helena on 22 May 1770. The fourth letter was addressed to Richard Wyatt, President and Governor of Fort Marlborough, and his Council. The Council had received their letter by the Duke of Albany on 16 May. The British King and the Harcourt would bring Fort Marlborough the ships' charter parties, victualling bills and cargo manifests, along with Captain Hoar's instructions. The ships also carried the Council's letters to the presidencies in India, which Fort Marlborough was asked to forward at the first opportunity. The Council further sent Fort Marlborough the following. Interpretations Fort Marlborough, at Bencoolen on Sumatra, was the link through which the Council reached India that season. The British King and the Harcourt had orders from the Court to sail there, not to Calcutta, Madras or Bombay. The Council therefore sent all its letters to the three presidencies through Bencoolen, relying on Richard Wyatt to send them on by the next ship. Letters went whatever way the Court happened to route its shipping, and a request for candles or cloth could take a year or more to be answered. Each presidency was asked for what it made best. Bengal sent rice, arrack and candles, Madras sent long cloth in graded qualities, and Bombay sent Surat chelloes. Chelloe was the checked cotton cloth already charged to the slaves' account for the Governor's servants. The cloth woven around Surat was cheap and hard-wearing. One hundred pieces a year would clothe a good part of the Company's slaves and servants. Ordering it from Bombay, rather than from England, kept the island's largest clothing bill as low as possible. | |
245 | 1770 a List of the Ships that have touched here since our advices of last Year We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (signed) St. Helena 22 May 1770 John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Matthw. Burling To the President and other Supra Cargoes of Council at Canton Gentlemen Your several Letters of this Season have come safe to hand. We desire you will send Us the next Year two Chests of the finest sort of Hyson Tea packed in Cannisters of two pounds. We likewise request you will send for the use of the Island eighteen Pieces of Boston Tea instead of twelve Pieces the quantity we Indented for last Season. Enclosed we transmit you our Letters to the several Presidency's in India which we request you will forward by the first conveyance, we likewise send for your perusal a List of Ships that have touched here since 22d. April 1769. We are Gentlemen Your most Obedient humble Servants (signed) St. Helena 22d. May 1770 John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Matthew Burling | The letter to Fort Marlborough closed by enclosing a list of the ships that had called at the island since the Council's letters of the year before. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed it at St Helena on 22 May 1770. The fifth letter was addressed to the President and the other supercargoes of the Council at Canton. The Council said their letters that season had all arrived safely. It asked them to send, the following year, two chests of the finest Hyson tea, packed in canisters of 2 lb each. It also asked for 18 piculs of Bohea tea for the island, in place of the 12 piculs ordered the season before. The Council enclosed its letters to the presidencies in India and asked the supercargoes to forward them by the first ship. It also sent them a list of the ships that had called at the island since 22 April 1769. The Governor, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed it at St Helena on 22 May 1770. Interpretations The Council raised its Bohea order by half, from 12 to 18 piculs. The warehouse accounts for the first quarter of 1770 explain why. Bohea sold to the Company's servants at about 9d a pound and was issued to the barracks and guards, the hospital and the Governor's household servants. It had become an everyday drink of soldiers and slaves as well as officers. Duty-free tea from Canton was a cheap comfort the Council could offer a garrison it was paying high bounties to keep. The Hyson was a different matter. It was the finest green tea of the Canton trade. Packing it in sealed 2 lb canisters, instead of loose in a chest, kept its flavour through a long voyage, and the small canisters suited the Governor's table and private gifts. The Council asked for only two chests, a small luxury for its own use at the head of a much larger order for the garrison's plain tea. | |
246 | 22d. May Mr. Matthew Burling Reports that he has been on board the Ships Earl of Ashburnham, Osterly, Duke of Albany and Neptune, to Muster their Companys and enquire for deserters but found none their Muster Rolls are as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Earl of Ashburnham Richard Pierce Commander John Nail Chief Mate Edwd. Atkinson second do. Russel Ford third do. Joseph Clarke fourth do. Willm. Langan fifth do. Richd. Wesley sixth do. John Morgan Purser Danniell Creed Surgeon James Hyline Gunner George Haldane Boatswain Willard Dickenson Carpenter James Harding Ships Steward John Small Capt. do. Daniel Shalley Mid. & Cox. John Innes Midshipman John Tolers do. Henry Lightfoot do. John Cambell do. Will. Bromfield Qr. Master Thos. Richardson do. George Brown do. Thomas Hunt Cooper George Bakewell Caulker Willm. Hatfield Armourer Edwd. Parks Sailmaker Emanl. Backen Capt. Cook Wm. Plumber Ships do. Wm. Gaston Surg. Mate James McIntosh Gunr. do. John Stephenson Coopers Mate John Par Caulkers do. Gregory Saint Boatswain do. John Sague do. 2 Thos. Sturger Carpentrs. do. Thos. Pennington do. 2 Joseph Thorne Poulterer John Conway Seaman John Hollingbury do. John Jose do. Joshua Hart do. Laurence Alldey do. James Stephenson do. Thomas Inkinson do. John Robertson do. Joseph Furling do. Gunner Lawson do. Dolliff Jarvisen do. Isaac Trott do. Malcolm McAuley do. John Williams do. Charles Sidney do. Duncan Clark do. Andrew Latimore do. William Wright do. James Thomas do. Alexander Watson do. James Davey do. William Merchant do. John Weed do. Matt. Griffith Seaman Manuel De Costa do. Arch. McPerson do. Willm. Graham do. John Plaxton do. William Mills do. Richd. Holles do. David Thompson do. John Glue do. Alexandr. Vernon do. William Gill do. Laurence White do. William Pindar do. William Taylor do. Christopher Janay do. Jacob Daniel do. John Osbone do. Henry Cooper do. Danl. Chandley do. John Long do. James Cambell do. Thos. Gale do. Saml. Bentham do. Thos. Humphrees do. Danl. Warner do. Willm. Hosler do. Thos. Wright do. John Wade do. John Hinnex do. Willm. Davis do. | 22d. May Mr. Matthew Burling Reports that he has been on board the Ships Earl of Ashburnham, Osterly, Duke of Albany and Neptune, to Muster their Companys and enquire for deserters but found none their Muster Rolls are as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Earl of Ashburnham Richard Pierce Commander John Nail Chief Mate Edwd. Atkinson second do. Russel Ford third do. Joseph Clarke fourth do. Willm. Langan fifth do. Richd. Wesley sixth do. John Morgan Purser Danniell Creed Surgeon James Hyline Gunner George Haldane Boatswain Willard Dickenson Carpenter James Harding Ships Steward John Small Capt. do. Daniel Shalley Mid. & Cox. John Innes Midshipman John Tolers do. Henry Lightfoot do. John Cambell do. Will. Bromfield Qr. Master Thos. Richardson do. George Brown do. Thomas Hunt Cooper George Bakewell Caulker Willm. Hatfield Armourer Edwd. Parks Sailmaker Emanl. Backen Capt. Cook Wm. Plumber Ships do. Wm. Gaston Surg. Mate James McIntosh Gunr. do. John Stephenson Coopers Mate John Par Caulkers do. Gregory Saint Boatswain do. John Sague do. 2 Thos. Sturger Carpentrs. do. Thos. Pennington do. 2 Joseph Thorne Poulterer John Conway Seaman John Hollingbury do. John Jose do. Joshua Hart do. Laurence Alldey do. James Stephenson do. Thomas Inkinson do. John Robertson do. Joseph Furling do. Gunner Lawson do. Dolliff Jarvisen do. Isaac Trott do. Malcolm McAuley do. John Williams do. Charles Sidney do. Duncan Clark do. Andrew Latimore do. William Wright do. James Thomas do. Alexander Watson do. James Davey do. William Merchant do. John Weed do. Matt. Griffith Seaman Manuel De Costa do. Arch. McPerson do. Willm. Graham do. John Plaxton do. William Mills do. Richd. Holles do. David Thompson do. John Glue do. Alexandr. Vernon do. William Gill do. Laurence White do. William Pindar do. William Taylor do. Christopher Janay do. Jacob Daniel do. John Osbone do. Henry Cooper do. Danl. Chandley do. John Long do. James Cambell do. Thos. Gale do. Saml. Bentham do. Thos. Humphrees do. Danl. Warner do. Willm. Hosler do. Thos. Wright do. John Wade do. John Hinnex do. Willm. Davis do. | |
247 | 1770 Hon. Stewt. Chatham Seaman James Freind do. Alexr. Lashley Chief Mates Servt. Willm. Marsh Second Mates Servt. John Eastman Gunners do. Thos. Green Boatsw. Servant Thos. Clayton Carpentrs. do. John Whitrope Surgeons do. Passengers Hillary Torriano Esqr. (signed) Richd. Pierce Muster Roll of Ship Osterly Francis Fortescue Commander Patrick Lawson Chief Mate John Somerside Second do. Chas. Boynton Weeds third do. Frederick Oxenden fourth do. James Pritchard Purser Richd. Leversuch Surgeon John Rogers Carpenter Thos. Green Boatswain John Reed Gunner Edward Gilbert Caulker Robt. Nott Cooper Edwd. Hillier Sailmaker Robt. Hay Ships Steward Richd. Gale Captn. do. John Hill 2d. Cook John De Silva Ships do. Abram Isaac Carpr. 1 Mate Richd. Gatehouse Surg. do. John Weston Caulkers do. Joseph Mackey Coopers do. Andrew Gray Boats. 1 Mate Jona. Pullen do. 2 do. John Minor Gunrs. Mate Willm. Messenger Armourer Gabriel Tyrell Qr. Master John Brigand do. do. John Gray do. do. John Muir do. do. Thos. Pearson Coxsn. & Midship Will. Cooper do. John Wilkinson do. Hezekiah Haly do. Patrick Hector Seaman John Palachey do. Chas. Ravenscroft do. Willm. Crampling do. Richd. Gough do. Edwd. Taylor do. Willm. Davis do. James Moreet do. Timothy Finch do. Chas. Robinson do. James Polgrave do. John Gowens do. Joshua Monk do. Conrad Granagle do. Joshua Griffiths do. John Bulley do. James Forsith do. John Butler Seaman John Cyrus do. John Monk do. Adam Blackater do. Domengo Gonzalous do. Owen MacGray do. Antonio Fernando do. Lyden Chas. Browning do. Robt. Latimer do. John Johnstone do. Stephen Smith do. Joseph Hunt do. John Middleton do. George Bell do. Benjamin Wood do. John Hitchins do. Alexr. Pritchard do. Thos. Langlen do. Thos. Gough do. Thomas Pringle do. Bates Stoddart do. Willm. Bates do. Samuel Reed do. John Mears do. Wm. Nettles do. | The Earl of Ashburnham's muster roll ended with the following names. Henry Stewart Oldham, seaman James Band, seaman Alexander Lashley, chief mate's servant William Marsh, second mate's servant John Eastman, gunner's servant Thomas Grant, boatswain's servant Thomas Clayton, carpenter's servant John Whatrope, surgeon's servant Hillary Torriano, passenger Richard Pierce signed the roll. The Osterley's muster roll was entered next. Francis Fortescue, commander Patrick Lawson, chief mate John Somerside, second mate Charles Boynton Woods, third mate Frederick Overton, fourth mate James Pritchard, purser Richard Leversuch, surgeon John Rogers, carpenter Thomas Gunn, boatswain John Reed, gunner Edward Gilbert, caulker Robert Abbott, cooper Edward Fitter, sailmaker Robert Hayes, ship's steward Richard Gale, captain's steward John Hill, second cook John De Silva, ship's cook Abram Isaac, carpenter's first mate Richard Gatehouse, surgeon's mate John Weston, caulker's mate Joseph Mackey, cooper's mate Andrew Gray, boatswain's first mate Jonathan Palsie, boatswain's second mate John Minner, gunner's mate William Messenger, armourer Gabriel Tyrell, quartermaster John Brigant, quartermaster John Gray, quartermaster John Neil, quartermaster Thomas Pearson, coxswain and midshipman William Cooper, midshipman John Wilkinson, midshipman Hezekiah Haley, midshipman Patrick Mack, seaman John Palachey, seaman Charles Ravenscroft, seaman William Crampling, seaman Richard Gough, seaman Edward Taylor, seaman William Davis, seaman James Monet, seaman Timothy Finch, seaman Charles Robinson, seaman James Holgrave, seaman John Gowens, seaman Joshua Monk, seaman Conrad Granagle, seaman Joshua Griffiths, seaman John Bulley, seaman James Forsythe, seaman John Butler, seaman John Cyrus, seaman John Monk, seaman Adam Blackater, seaman Domingo Gonsalves, seaman Owen MacGray, seaman Antonio Fernando, seaman Lyden Charles Browning, seaman Robert Latimore, seaman John Johnstone, seaman Stephen Smith, seaman Joseph Hunt, seaman John Middleton, seaman George Bell, seaman Benjamin Wood, seaman John Hitchins, seaman Alexander Pritchard, seaman Thomas Langlen, seaman Thomas Gough, seaman Thomas Pringle, seaman Bates Stoddart, seaman William Bates, seaman Samuel Bird, seaman John Mears, seaman William Nettles, seaman Interpretations Hillary Torriano was going home as a passenger in the Earl of Ashburnham. He had been one of the Canton supercargoes who signed the invoices for the island's sugar, sugar candy and tea, including the 24 chests of sugar that ship had just landed. Henry Revell had gone home the same way in the Earl of Lincoln in April 1770. The Canton council's members took turns returning to England each season, travelling on the Company's own ships with the goods they had bought and priced. The invoices they signed at Canton were checked against the cargo at St Helena while the signers were still on board. The names on the Osterley's roll show who manned an East Indiaman on the voyage home. Domingo Gonsalves, Antonio Fernando, John De Silva and Manuel De Costa, on the Earl of Ashburnham's roll, were Portuguese or Indo-Portuguese seamen. They were probably taken on in India or China to make up for English sailors lost to death and desertion on the outward voyage. Detlif Jurnisen and Conrad Granagle were probably Danes or Germans. A Company ship that left England with an English crew often came home with a mixed one. | |
248 | 22 May John Peterson Seaman George Rogers do. Willm. Lewis do. Willm. Mumbray do. John Welch do. Thos. Warrin do. Willm. Moffatt do. John Lewis do. Robt. Sparks Seaman Henry Pearcy do. Willm. Meek do. Thomas Taylor do. John Akers do. Willm. Thompson do. John Nichols do. Willm. Johnson do. James Webster do. Wm. Cary Seaman Wm. Rogers Capt. Servt. George Reed Chief Mates do. Peter Pedrell second do. Peter Cruikshank Surg. do. John Lee Carpentr. do. Thos. Hamilton Boats. do. James Napper Gunr. do. (signed) F. Fortescue Muster Roll of Ship Duke of Albany John Stewart Commander James Dundass Chief Mate Wm. Balmain Second do. James Clark third do. James Ward fourth do. George Edwards fifth do. James Stuart Purser Robt. Bruce Surgeon Robt. Meldrum Boatsn. John Penny Carpenter Michl. Cleland Gunner Richd. Beaston Capt. Steward George Willis do. Cook John Evans Ships do. John Andrew Cooper James Owens Carpr. 1 Mate Alexr. John do. 2 do. Archd. Watson Gunners do. James Watson Boatsn. do. Thos. Lovelly do. do. John Salter Caulker James Gates Caulkers Mate Jona. Wilder Armourer Thos. Morehouse Sailmaker Robt. Seedman Butcher Edw. Welch Poulterer Wm. Brokage Baker Alexr. McDowell Capt. Servt. Wm. Watkins do. do. Thos. Bircher Chief Mates Servt. James Yeaman Boatsn. do. Wm. Bentel Gunners do. John Penny Carpentrs. do. Thos. Nisdin Surgeons do. John Stewart Midshipman Arch. Blair do. Patrick Duncan do. James Wood Quart. Master George Mason do. Thomas Lurch Seaman John Gramblett do. James Darwing do. Jo. Bernalles Seaman Alex. Guthrie do. Willm. Oake do. Ralph Johnson do. Wm. Weld do. Jno. Newport do. Alex. Henderson do. Alex. Stewart do. Jos. McWilliams do. David Hunder do. Robt. Robertson do. Thos. Simpson do. Jas. Holen do. Jno. Barrett do. Ralph Featherson do. John Hughs do. Robt. Rogers do. Thos. Hagar do. John Weir do. Simon Nelson do. Wm. Peacock do. | The Osterley's muster roll ended with the following names. John Peterson, seaman George Rogers, seaman William Lewis, seaman William Mumbray, seaman John Welch, seaman Thomas Warrin, seaman William Moffatt, seaman John Lewis, seaman Robert Sparks, seaman Henry Pearce, seaman William Meek, seaman Thomas Taylor, seaman John Akers, seaman William Thompson, seaman John Nichols, seaman William Johnson, seaman James Webster, seaman W. Cary, seaman William Rogers, captain's servant George Wood, chief mate's servant Peter Pedwell, second mate's servant Peter Cruickshank, surgeon's servant John Lee, carpenter's servant Thomas Hambleton, boatswain's servant James Napper, gunner's servant F. Fortescue signed the roll. The Duke of Albany's muster roll was entered next. John Stewart, commander James Dundas, chief mate William Balmain, second mate James Clark, third mate James Ward, fourth mate George Edwards, fifth mate James Stewart, purser Robert Bruce, surgeon Robert Moldrum, boatswain John Penny, carpenter Michael Garland, gunner Richard Beaston, captain's steward George Willis, captain's cook John Evans, ship's cook John Andrews, cooper James Owens, carpenter's first mate Alexander John, carpenter's second mate Archibald Watson, gunner's mate James Watson, boatswain's mate Thomas Lovelly, boatswain's mate John Salter, caulker James Eates, caulker's mate Jonathan Wilder, armourer Thomas Morehouse, sailmaker Robert Fordman, butcher Edward Welch, poulterer William Breerage, baker Alexander McDowell, captain's servant William Watkins, captain's servant Thomas Richer, chief mate's servant James Yeaman, boatswain's servant William Garland, gunner's servant John Penny, carpenter's servant Thomas Nisdon, surgeon's servant John Stewart, midshipman Archibald Blair, midshipman Patrick Duncan, midshipman James Wood, quartermaster George Mason, quartermaster Thomas Kirk, seaman John Gramblith, seaman James Corwing, seaman John Bermalles, seaman Alexander Guthrie, seaman William Duke, seaman Ralph Johnson, seaman William Weld, seaman John Stewart, seaman Alexander Henderson, seaman Alexander Stewart, seaman John McWilliams, seaman David Mander, seaman Robert Robertson, seaman Thomas Simpson, seaman James Helon, seaman John Barrett, seaman Ralph Featherson, seaman John Heaps, seaman Robert Rogers, seaman Thomas Agar, seaman John Weir, seaman Simon Nelson, seaman William Peacock, seaman | |
249 | 1770 Robt. Dunsmore Seaman Andrew Forbes do. John Milne do. Daniel Gibson do. Edw. Covel do. Francis Polley do. Thos. Oliver do. John Stuart Seaman Francis Abraham do. James Blake do. Pollis Ellis do. Wm. Callenger do. John Oiler do. James Wilson do. John Clarance Seaman John Atkins do. Robt. Harrison do. Ellias Hodson do. Alexr. Robertson do. John Evans do. William Brown do. (signed) John Stewart Muster Roll of Ship Neptune Arthr. Gore Commander John Hope Brown Chief Mate James Ogilvie Second do. Richd. Edwards third do. George Adney fourth do. Daniel Stephenson fifth do. Robt. Reid Purser Alexdr. Thomson Surgeon Jo. Hepburn Midship. & Coxn. Fred. St. Kinnear Midshipman Samuel Hopwood do. John Durtin do. Wm. Berry do. Hugh Montgomery Gunner Chas. Ramsey Boatswain Wm. Turnbull Carpenter Samuel Stephens Caulker John Blanchendon Cooper Joseph Wood Sailmaker Thos. Manning Armourer Peter Buchannan Carpr. Mate James Kennedy Gunrs. do. Gilbert Caught Carpr. 1 Mate Munday Lyes do. 2 do. Davd. Farquharson 1 Mate Robert Potter do. 2 do. Robt. Monk Caulkers Mate Thos. Skinner Coopers do. Ammon Mercalfe Ships Steward Wm. Parker Capt. do. Andrew McCoby Ships Cook Patrick Thruston Capt. do. Robt. Walker Butcher Richd. Witherow Quarr. Master Joseph Corner do. Alexandr. Cowie do. James Harper do. John Jenman do. Claus Johnson Seaman John Charlton do. Morgan Watson do. Samuel Fox do. John Corner do. John Andrews do. Peter Reid Seaman Hudson Asplen do. John Damon do. Samuel Fowler do. Richd. Seward do. John Pollard do. Willm. Halgrove do. Alexr. Paterson do. Henrick Johnson do. Nichs. Gray do. Robt. Fenton do. James Robinson do. John Pinson do. Peter Collings do. Richd. Jackson do. George Seward do. Christr. Tomphins do. Edward Wood do. Thomas Moore do. John Brown do. Hans Paterson do. John Penn do. | The Duke of Albany's muster roll ended with the following names. Robert Dunsmore, seaman Andrew Forbes, seaman John Milne, seaman Daniel Gibson, seaman Edward Covel, seaman Francis Polley, seaman Thomas Oliver, seaman John Swart, seaman Francis Abraham, seaman James Blake, seaman Collis Ellis, seaman William Callenger, seaman John Osler, seaman James Bistran, seaman John Clarance, seaman John Atkins, seaman Robert Harrison, seaman Elias Hodson, seaman Alexander Robertson, seaman John Evans, seaman William Brown, seaman John Stewart signed the roll. The Neptune's muster roll was entered next. Arthur Gore, commander John Hope Bowers, chief mate James Ogilvie, second mate Richard Edwards, third mate George Adney, fourth mate Daniel Stephenson, fifth mate Robert Reid, purser Alexander Thomson, surgeon John Heptley, midshipman and coxswain Frederick St Mesmer, midshipman Samuel Hayward, midshipman John Durlin, midshipman W. Berry, midshipman Hugh Montgomery, gunner Charles Ramsey, boatswain William Fernbairn, carpenter Samuel Stephens, caulker John Blanchender, cooper Joseph Wood, sailmaker Thomas Manning, armourer Peter Buchannan, boatswain's mate James Kennedy, gunner's mate Gilbert Caughey, carpenter's first mate Munday Pyer, carpenter's second mate David Saunderson, boatswain's first mate Robert Butler, boatswain's second mate Robert Monk, caulker's mate Thomas Skinner, cooper's mate Ammon Marshall, ship's steward William Parker, captain's steward Andrew McCaley, ship's cook Patrick Thornton, captain's cook Robert Walker, butcher Richard Witherow, quartermaster Joseph Corner, quartermaster Alexander Corse, quartermaster James Harper, quartermaster John Newman, quartermaster Claus Johnson, seaman John Charlton, seaman Morgan Welsh, seaman Samuel Fox, seaman John Corner, seaman John Andrews, seaman Peter Reid, seaman Hudson Arnston, seaman John Damen, seaman Samuel Souter, seaman Richard Seward, seaman John Pollard, seaman John Holgrove, seaman Alexander Paterson, seaman Henrick Johnson, seaman Nicholas Gray, seaman Robert Fenton, seaman James Robinson, seaman John Pierson, seaman Peter Collings, seaman Richard Jackson, seaman George Seward, seaman Christopher Tomkins, seaman Edward Wood, seaman Thomas Moore, seaman John Barre, seaman Hans Paterson, seaman John Prior, seaman | |
250 | 22d. May James Parks Seaman Silvester Anderson do. James Hutchens do. Willm. Brown do. Ned Wrench do. Gawen Crawn do. Ralf Rutlague do. Peter Baynton do. Peter Scott do. Richd. Warham do. Joseph Drake do. Charles Lesly Seaman Samuel Blood do. Nick Ingram do. Charles Eaton do. Robt. Newbury do. Thomas Horn do. Christr. Savage Capt. Servant Rich Underwood do. Thos. Collier Chief Mates do. Thos. Best Second do. Wm. Gloss Gunners do. Edw. Stewart Boats. Servt. Jno. Lochard Carptrs. do. John Johnson Seaman John Small do. Hans Nelson do. David Moody do. John Willington do. Robt. Merry do. James McKay do. Isaac Barry do. Robt. Taylor do. Passengers Mr. Blair (signed) Arthr. Gore John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The Neptune's muster roll ended with the following names. James Parks, seaman Silvester Anderson, seaman James Hutchins, seaman William Brown, seaman Ned Wrench, seaman Gawen Crawn, seaman Ralph Ruttlague, seaman Peter Baynton, seaman Peter Scott, seaman Richard Warham, seaman Joseph Drake, seaman Charles Lesly, seaman Samuel Blood, seaman Nicholas Ingram, seaman Charles Eaton, seaman Robert Newbury, seaman Thomas Horn, seaman Christopher Savage, captain's servant Richard Underwood, captain's servant Thomas Collier, chief mate's servant Thomas Best, second mate's servant William Glass, gunner's servant Edward Stewart, boatswain's servant John Lockard, carpenter's servant John Johnson, seaman John Small, seaman Hans Nelson, seaman David Moody, seaman John Willington, seaman Robert Merry, seaman James McKay, seaman Isaac Barry, seaman Robert Taylor, seaman William Polaro, passenger Arthur Gore signed the roll. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. | |
251 | 28 May At a Consultation held on Monday the 28 day of May 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 22d. May 1770 Friday the 25 Sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Earl of Ashburnham and Osterly for England Saturday the 26th passed by a Ship at a Great distance Samuel Perry and John Black Private this Day petitioned for their discharges from the Garrison having served the Honorable Company their Contracted Times. Granted On the 24th instant we inlisted William Rankin to serve the Honble. Company as a Soldier for five Years, he appearing to be a good Man we gave him £ 6 Bounty Money to buy him Cloaths &c. Mr. Matthew Burling this day applied to Us to pay £ 307 17 4 into the Honble. Company's Cash which Sum we have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to Mr. William Alexander (or order) Ninety Days after sight The following Goods were received from the Ship Britannia without an Invoice vizt. C. qr. lb. 45 Bags of Rice Wt. 69 1 20 15 do. Paddy 13 3 22 10 do. Sugar 12 1 15 4 Boxes Candles 5 1 9 2 Leagers Arrack 297 Gallons | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 28 May 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 22 May 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Company's ships Earl of Ashburnham and Osterley sailed for England on Friday 25 May. A ship passed the island far out to sea on Saturday 26 May. Samuel Perry and John Pluck, both privates, asked to be discharged from the garrison because they had served their full terms with the Company. The Council granted their requests. On 24 May the Council had enlisted William Rankin to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. He seemed a good man, and the Council gave him a bounty of £6 0s 0d to buy clothes and other necessaries. Matthew Purling asked to pay £307 17s 4d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him bills of exchange on the Court of Directors for the same amount. The bills were payable to William Alexander, or to whoever he named, ninety days after they were presented. The following goods were landed from the Britannia without an invoice. Rice, 45 bags, 69 cwt 1 qr 20 lb Paddy, 15 bags, 13 cwt 3 qr 22 lb Sugar, 10 bags, 12 cwt 1 qr 15 lb Candles, 4 boxes, 5 cwt 1 qr 9 lb Arrack, 2 leaguers, 297 gallons Interpretations This was Matthew Purling's second large remittance in under two months. On 2 April 1770 he had sent £1,000 home to John Purling and £226 5s 0d by a bill to Captain Fasham Nairne. Now he paid in another £307 17s 4d. That brought his remittances that spring to more than £1,500, about eight times his salary as a councillor and accountant. The sums came from the arrack society, the hire of his slaves to the works and his other dealings on the island. Each bill also added coin to a treasury that relied on just such private payments. The Britannia's goods came without an invoice, so the storekeeper could record them only by the weight and measure he found on landing. With the other Bengal ships, Powell had checked each cargo against the invoice and recorded the shortfall as wastage or short delivery. Here nothing could be checked, and any loss on the voyage from Madras by way of Mauritius could not be traced. The Company would have to settle the cost with Fort St George once its invoice arrived by a later ship. | |
252 | 28th May Mr. Matthew Burling Reports that he has been on board the Ships Duke of Grafton, Britannia & Norfolk to Muster their Companys and Enquire for Deserters but found none their Muster Rolls are as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Duke of Grafton Brook Samson Commander Saml. Ball Chief Mate James Allen Second do. Robt. Lowder third do. John Geddes fourth do. Saml. Clark fifth do. Hugh [...] sixth do. Huggens Surgeon Alexr. Roxburgh Purser John Hamilton Surg. Mate Richd. Weston Carpenter Francis Stephens Gunner James Byers Boatsn. Robt. Stewart Ships Steward Hugh Watson Gunr. Mate John Wilkinson Carpentr. do. Thos. Selby Boats. do. George Ender Caulker James Castles Cooper Alexr. Geddes Coxswain Midship. Alexr. Watson Quart. Master Robt. Smith do. Mackey Lawrence do. Willm. Ham do. James Inkster do. Peter Smith do. Robert Bobook do. Andrew Moor do. Richd. Sweet Midship. & Coxswn. John Fenwick Midshipman Alex. Dempster Midshipman John Haleby do. Willm. Fenwick do. Arthur Rainey do. Thos. Jenkins do. Alex. Macklean do. Charles Burnell do. John Hope do. Robt. Weaker do. John Venn do. Alexr. Yateman Ships Cook John Spencer Armourer Peter Ames Sailmaker John Hart Joiner Wm. Fleming Butcher Thos. Wilkam Barman John Fitzpatrick do. John Brown do. Adam Hall do. Wm. Richardson do. Thos. Chapman do. Wm. Doyle do. John Moore do. James Brooks do. John Bradford do. Edw. Warrington do. Edw. Burrell do. Alex. Johnston do. Rich. Swead do. Patrick Henry do. Robt. Perry Seaman Peterson Douglas do. Jno. Boissett do. Antony Fash do. Francisco Brea do. John Dixon do. Saml. Cooper do. Francis Vansilla do. Mich. McLauchlan do. James Young do. Alex. Anderson do. Saml. Wilds do. Denis Grelen do. Robt. Cooper do. Jn. Richardson do. Thos. Evans do. Allen Ewing do. Wm. Martin do. Adam Bread do. David Robertson do. Thos. Fouts do. James Ford do. Wm. Sygroves do. Willm. Theof do. James Jenson do. John Alter do. Chas. Logels do. Richd. Brown do. Valentine Eglestin do. Thos. Barchy | Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Duke of Grafton, Britannia and Norfolk to muster their crews and search for deserters. He found none. Their muster rolls were entered as follows, beginning with the Duke of Grafton. Brook Samson, commander Samuel Bell, chief mate James Allen, second mate Robert Lowder, third mate John Geddes, fourth mate Samuel Clark, fifth mate [...] Hugh, sixth mate [...] Huggens, surgeon Alexander Roxburgh, purser John Hamilton, surgeon's mate Richard Hester, carpenter Francis Stephens, gunner James Byers, boatswain Robert Stewart, ship's steward Hugh Watterns, gunner's mate John Wilkinson, carpenter's first mate Thomas Jolly Baker, carpenter's second mate George Coudes, caulker James Castles, cooper Alexander Geddes, cooper's mate Nicholas Watson, quartermaster Robert Smith, quartermaster Mackey Lawrence, quartermaster William Ham, quartermaster James Inkster, quartermaster Peter Smith, quartermaster Robert Pollock, quartermaster Andrew Moore, quartermaster Richard Sweet, midshipman and coxswain John Fenwick, midshipman Alexander Dempster, midshipman John Wakely, midshipman William Fenwick, midshipman Arthur Ramsey, midshipman Thomas Jenkins, midshipman Alexander Macklean, midshipman Charles Burnell, midshipman John Hope, midshipman Robert Walker, midshipman John Vere, midshipman Allen Yateman, ship's cook John Spencer, armourer Peter Ames, sailmaker John Hart, joiner William Henning, butcher Thomas Walham, seaman John Fitzpatrick, seaman John Brown, seaman Adam Hall, seaman William Richardson, seaman Thomas Chapman, seaman William Doyle, seaman John Moore, seaman James Brooks, seaman John Bradford, seaman Edward Warrington, seaman Edward Burrell, seaman Alexander Johnston, seaman Richard Swead, seaman Patrick Henry, seaman Robert Perry, seaman Paterson Douglas, seaman John Brissett, seaman Antony Tush, seaman Francisco Broa, seaman John Dean, seaman Samuel Cooper, seaman Francis Vansilla, seaman Michael McLauchlan, seaman James Young, seaman Alexander Anderson, seaman Samuel Wilds, seaman Denis Coelen, seaman Robert Cooper, seaman John Richardson, seaman Thomas Evans, seaman Allen Ewing, seaman William Martin, seaman Adam Bead, seaman David Robertson, seaman Thomas Fowle, seaman James Ford, seaman William Lyrous, seaman William Sharp, seaman James Jeroslem, seaman John Alter, seaman Charles Rogers, seaman Richard Brown, seaman Valentine Egleston, seaman Thomas Barclay, seaman | |
253 | 1770 John Carron Seaman Willm. Bowles do. Edward Long do. John Green do. Wm. Jones do. Wm. Thomas do. Hugh Thomas do. Stokes Mincer Midshipman James Brown do. John Youle Seaman John Jack Seaman John Joseph do. Joseph Prew do. John Phillips do. Willm. Hunter do. Richd. Jackman do. Henrick Defroste do. Jacob Smith do. Jonas Laterius do. Abraham Case do. John Jarvis Seaman Mich. Cogio do. George Mackey Chief Mates Servt. Richd. Stephens Capt. Servt. Richd. Creech Boats. do. Edwd. Brew Gunners do. John Prew Capt. Writer Wm. C. Neil Doctrs. Servant Thos. Sweet Midshipman Geo. Mount 2d. Mates Servt. Passengers Mr. Griffith Mrs. Maddison Mrs. Hunter Miss Vincent Major Graham Major McKenzie Mr. Rawns Mr. Hunter Mr. Christie Mr. Cole Mr. Court Mr. Drake Mr. Bergough Mr. Fairburn (signed) Brook Samson Muster Roll of Ship Britannia Robt. Rous Commander John Ollonar Chief Mate James Brown Second do. Thos. Walker third do. Jon. Congleton fourth do. James Ellis fifth do. Thos. Delton Sixth do. Thos. Sword Surgeon Cumb. Moffet do. Mate Gavin Turnbull Purser Willm. Henley Gunner Wm. Cary Boatswain John Bust Mid. & Coxwn. Jas. Spinks Midshipman Joseph Marley Midshipman John Benson do. Chris. Smith do. John Ellis do. James McCollum do. John Hasket do. John Toyer Caulker | The Duke of Grafton's muster roll ended with the following names. John Carron, seaman William Bowles, seaman Edward Long, seaman John Green, seaman William Jones, seaman William Thomas, seaman Hugh Thomas, seaman Hudson Minnear, midshipman James Brown, seaman John Youle, seaman John Jack, seaman John Joseph, seaman Joseph Prew, seaman John Phillips, seaman William Hunter, seaman Richard Jackman, seaman Henrick Defreeze, seaman Jacob Smith, seaman Jonas Laterous, seaman Abraham Case, seaman John Jarvis, seaman Michael Cogio, seaman George Mackey, chief mate's servant Richard Stephens, captain's servant Richard Crouch, boatswain's servant Edward Brew, gunner's servant John Prew, captain's writer William Duval, purser's servant Thomas Sweet, midshipman George Mount, second mate's servant Mr Griffith, passenger Mr Maddison, passenger Mr Hunter, passenger Miss Vincent, passenger Major Graham, passenger Major McKenzie, passenger Mr Rawson, passenger Mr Hunter, passenger Mr Christie, passenger Mr Cole, passenger Mr Court, passenger Mr Drake, passenger Mr Bengough, passenger Mr Fairbairn, passenger Brook Samson signed the roll. The Britannia's muster roll was entered next. Robert Boss, commander John Elmes, chief mate James Brown, second mate Thomas Walker, third mate John Congleton, fourth mate James Ellis, fifth mate Thomas Dalton, sixth mate Thomas Sword, surgeon Cuthbert Moffat, surgeon's mate Gavin Turnbull, purser William Henley, gunner William Kay, boatswain John Bart, midshipman and coxswain James Sparks, midshipman Joseph Manley, midshipman John Benson, midshipman Christopher Smith, midshipman John Pettis, midshipman James McCollum, midshipman John Hasket, midshipman John Tryon, caulker | |
254 | 28th May Price James Armourer Peter Brown Gunnrs. Mate Wm. Mason Boatswains do. Francis Smith do. 2 do. Richd. Popkins Carpenter Wm. Elliot do. 1 Mate Chas. Miller Caulkers do. George Cossell Capt. Steward Richd. Lee do. Cook Boyd Lawson do. Servant John Gloss Sailmaker John Legg Ships Cook Robt. Adams Baker James Greer Quart. Master John Brown do. Elia. Miles do. Matt. Wilkinson do. Jos. Matthew Cooper Willm. Hunt do. Mate George Chambers Joiner Robt. Severn Seaman Richd. Walton do. John Sullivan do. George Walton do. Will. Lee do. Willm. Story do. John Stillman Seaman Nathl. Smith do. Thos. Thomas do. Jas. Richardson do. John Wilkinson do. Wm. Davenport do. Murd. McKinsey do. Thos. Blade do. John Thompson do. Robt. Lee do. Abram Perry do. Henry Perrin do. John Gill do. John Riles do. James Tayles do. Saml. Foster do. John Dennet do. Wm. Gladdle do. Thos. Burges do. James Parker do. John Dogherty do. Hugh Maitland do. John Blewet do. Saml. Bird do. Lawson Bird do. Willm. Brown Seaman Fras. Russel do. Peter Grant do. Thos. Prosset do. Edm. Naagle do. Partos Smith do. Alex. McCormick do. Alex. Dolanson do. John Black do. Jacob Anson do. Peter Myass do. Thos. Every do. John Johnson do. Jo. McDougle do. Mich. Providence do. Ricard Ouroney do. John De Rozario do. Thos. Ellison do. Class Brannwizel do. Peter Mall do. John Mora do. Peare do. Wm. Mayes Chief M. Servt. Wm. Dunda Boatns. do. Jo. Underwood Carpentr. do. John Stewart Gunner Passengers Charles Bambler Esqr. James Bourchier Esqr. John Call Esqr. Col. Debeck Col. Freshman Mrs. Orton & 2 Children James West Miss McClane Mr. Whitefoot Mr. Barry Mr. Van Hamel 33 Invalids (signed) Rt. Rous | The Britannia's muster roll went on with the following names. James Price, armourer Peter Brown, gunner's mate William Mason, boatswain's mate Francis Smith, boatswain's second mate Richard Pipkins, carpenter William Elliot, carpenter's first mate Charles Miller, caulker's mate George Coxwell, captain's steward Richard Law, captain's cook Boyd Lawson, captain's servant John Glass, sailmaker John Legg, ship's cook Robert Adams, baker James Greer, quartermaster John Brown, quartermaster Elias Miles, quartermaster Matthew Wilkinson, quartermaster Joseph Matthews, cooper William Hunt, cooper's mate George Chambers, joiner Robert Brown, seaman Richard Dalton, seaman John Sullivan, seaman George Walton, seaman William Love, seaman William Story, seaman John Hillman, seaman Nathaniel Smith, seaman Thomas Thomas, seaman Joseph Richardson, seaman John Wilkinson, seaman William Davenport, seaman Murdoch McKenzie, seaman Thomas Blade, seaman John Thompson, seaman Robert Lee, seaman Abram Berry, seaman Henry Perrin, seaman John Gall, seaman John Stiles, seaman James Taylor, seaman Samuel Foster, seaman John Dennet, seaman William Gladdle, seaman Thomas Burgess, seaman James Parker, seaman John Dogherty, seaman Hugh Maitland, seaman John Blunet, seaman Samuel Bird, seaman Lawson Bond, seaman William Brown, seaman Francis Pursel, seaman Peter Grant, seaman Thomas Prosser, seaman Edmund Naagle, seaman Cornelius Smith, seaman Alexander McCormick, seaman Alexander Dolanson, seaman John Black, seaman Jacob Anson, seaman Peter Myass, seaman Thomas Every, seaman John Johnson, seaman John McDougle, seaman Michael Providence, seaman Nicholas Ourney, seaman John De Rozario, seaman Thomas Ellison, seaman Claus Brannings, seaman Peter Hall, seaman John Mora, seaman [...] Pearce, seaman William Hayes, chief mate's servant William Dunda, boatswain's servant John Underwood, carpenter's servant John Stewart, gunner's servant Charles Bourchier, passenger James Bourchier, passenger John Call, passenger Colonel Debeck, passenger Colonel Freshman, passenger Mrs Eston and her 2 children, passengers James West, passenger Miss McClaire, passenger Mr Whitefoot, passenger Mr Barry, passenger Mr Van Hamet, passenger Invalids, 33 Robert Boss signed the roll. Interpretations The Britannia's passengers were leaders of the Madras establishment going home. Charles Bourchier had been President and Governor of Fort St George until early 1770. On 22 May 1770 the Council wrote to his successor, Josias Du Pré, unaware that the former governor was then lying in the road off James Town. John Call had been chief engineer at Madras, where he built the presidency's fortifications. Two colonels and 33 invalid soldiers made up the rest. Madras had just ended an expensive war with Haidar Ali of Mysore, and the invalids were men worn out in it, being sent home at the Company's expense. So many important passengers explained the ship's strange route by way of Mauritius. A former governor with his household, officers and a draft of sick men needed water, fresh food and perhaps medical care well before the Cape. The stop at a French island suggests that need outweighed any concern about calling at a foreign port. | |
255 | 1770 Muster Roll of Ship Norfolk James Baggin Commander Richd. Dobies Chief Mate Robt. Snow Second do. Henry Adderton Third do. Edward Wake fourth do. Josephus Innes Chantors Purser John Robinson Surgeon John Petty Carpenter James Coates Boatswain Jacob Wickman Gunner John Bowland Surg. Mate Archd. Richardson Ships Stewd. Mark Bready Fifth Mate Gilbert Elliot Midshipman John Cole do. Richd. Watt do. & Coxsn. Joseph Whittam Capt. Steward Thos. Eyres do. Cook Wm. Lyon Quart. Master John Barber do. Gideon Walter do. Alexand. Northam do. Robt. Bignal Carpr. 1 Mate John Gunner do. 2 do. George Seward Joiner Abraham Jackson Caulker Isaac Goodleaf do. Mate James Cox Cooper Jo. Whitfield Gunr. 1 Mate George Champion do. 2 do. Jeremiah Griffin Boats. 1 Mate Thos. Magner do. 2 do. James Taylor Poulterer Peter Bruce Butcher George Stuart Armourer Wm. Corner Sailmaker Wm. Bickley Capt. Taylor Henry Geary Baker Wm. Cobley Capt. Cooks Mate Thos. Harris Seaman William Martin do. Isaac Rice do. Robt. Ross do. John Fisher do. John McGee do. John Lee do. Chas. Kingsberry do. Willm. Randel do. James Thomas do. James Gogan do. Henry Green do. John Avis do. John Clarke do. Jeffrey Richardson do. Alexandr. Cummings do. Wm. Colerhouse do. Henry Parkerson do. Willm. Dawson do. Wm. Hedder do. Charles Stewart do. Richd. Wooton Seaman Henry Liddell George Bowman John Hunter Edward Jones Willm. King Thos. James Capt. Servant John Hunt do. Peter Sunderland Chief M. Servt. Will. Weaden Second do. do. Reynolds Crockley Surgeons do. Richd. Hall Carpentr. do. Jn. Bicken Boatswains do. John Mack Gunners do. Nicholas Wooton Seaman Willm. Castlin John Davis Thos. Adams Richd. Evans Richd. Bryant John Jones Daniel Love Thos. Seaman Friendly Moore Knightly Dawson David Dunn James Davison Benjamin Watson John Hiddups John Barrett | 1770 Muster Roll of Ship Norfolk James Baggin Commander Richd. Dobies Chief Mate Robt. Snow Second do. Henry Adderton Third do. Edward Wake fourth do. Josephus Innes Chantors Purser John Robinson Surgeon John Petty Carpenter James Coates Boatswain Jacob Wickman Gunner John Bowland Surg. Mate Archd. Richardson Ships Stewd. Mark Bready Fifth Mate Gilbert Elliot Midshipman John Cole do. Richd. Watt do. & Coxsn. Joseph Whittam Capt. Steward Thos. Eyres do. Cook Wm. Lyon Quart. Master John Barber do. Gideon Walter do. Alexand. Northam do. Robt. Bignal Carpr. 1 Mate John Gunner do. 2 do. George Seward Joiner Abraham Jackson Caulker Isaac Goodleaf do. Mate James Cox Cooper Jo. Whitfield Gunr. 1 Mate George Champion do. 2 do. Jeremiah Griffin Boats. 1 Mate Thos. Magner do. 2 do. James Taylor Poulterer Peter Bruce Butcher George Stuart Armourer Wm. Corner Sailmaker Wm. Bickley Capt. Taylor Henry Geary Baker Wm. Cobley Capt. Cooks Mate Thos. Harris Seaman William Martin do. Isaac Rice do. Robt. Ross do. John Fisher do. John McGee do. John Lee do. Chas. Kingsberry do. Willm. Randel do. James Thomas do. James Gogan do. Henry Green do. John Avis do. John Clarke do. Jeffrey Richardson do. Alexandr. Cummings do. Wm. Colerhouse do. Henry Parkerson do. Willm. Dawson do. Wm. Hedder do. Charles Stewart do. Richd. Wooton Seaman Henry Liddell George Bowman John Hunter Edward Jones Willm. King Thos. James Capt. Servant John Hunt do. Peter Sunderland Chief M. Servt. Will. Weaden Second do. do. Reynolds Crockley Surgeons do. Richd. Hall Carpentr. do. Jn. Bicken Boatswains do. John Mack Gunners do. Nicholas Wooton Seaman Willm. Castlin John Davis Thos. Adams Richd. Evans Richd. Bryant John Jones Daniel Love Thos. Seaman Friendly Moore Knightly Dawson David Dunn James Davison Benjamin Watson John Hiddups John Barrett | |
256 | 28 May Andrew Helm Ships Cook Willm. Ross Seaman John Grant Thomas James Seaman (signed) James Buggin John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling At a Consultation held on Saturday the 2d. day of June 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, & signed dated 28th May 1770 Tuesday the 29th arrived the Devonshire's Boat at Banks's at half an hour past 7 OClock in the Morning do. do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Devonshire from China Thursday the 31 May Sailed the La Venus Demimundo & St. Rosa the two Spanish Ships for Spain Yesterday Sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Britannia & Norfolk for England | The Norfolk's muster roll ended with the following names. Andrew Helm, ship's cook William Ross, seaman John Grant, seaman Thomas James, seaman James Buggin signed the roll. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 2 June 1770. The Governor attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 28 May 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Devonshire's boat landed at Banks's at half past seven on the morning of Tuesday 29 May. The Company's ship Devonshire came in from China the same day. The two Spanish ships, the Venus and the Santa Rosa, sailed for Spain on Thursday 31 May. The Company's ships Britannia and Norfolk sailed for England on Friday 1 June. | |
257 | 2d. June The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores Short recd. from Ship Duke of Grafton vizt. Account of Stores short received from Ship Duke of Grafton vizt. C. qr. lb. 12 3 12 Rice short delivered in five Bags 6 10 Paddy do. do. in five do. 2 1 5 Sugar short weight occasioned by Wastage No. 1 1 Leagr. Arrack Gages Galls. 152½ wants to fill 13 2 1 do. do. 166 do. do. 9 318½ 22 22 Recd. 296½ Galls. No. 1 1 Pipe Madeira Wine gages 112½ wants to fill 4½ 2 1 do. do. 112 do. do. 3 3 1 do. do. 116½ do. do. 4 4 1 do. do. 113½ do. do. 4 5 1 do. do. 113½ do. do. 4 568 19½ 19½ Recd. 548½ Gallons 6 1 do. not delivered (signed) James Powell Storekeeper St. Helena 2d. June 1770 On the 31st of last Month the Governor received the following Letter from Captn. Rous which he laid before the Board Sir Agreeable to the Orders of the Honble. Court of Directors and the instructions of the Owners of the Britannia I this morng. landed a Barrel of Gun Powder for Salutes as I believe all Ships usually do I have therefore to desire the favour of you to give the necessary Orders for the Officers receiving it, not having a Boat it was not in my power to send it sooner. I am with Respect Sir Your most Obedient Hble. Servant (signed) Rt. Rous To John Skottowe Esqr. | The storekeeper delivered an account of the stores from the Duke of Grafton that had come ashore short. Rice, short delivered in 5 bags, 12 cwt 3 qr 12 lb Paddy, short delivered in 5 bags, 6 cwt 0 qr 10 lb Sugar, short weight through wastage, 0 cwt 1 qr 5 lb Arrack, leaguer no. 1, gauged at 152½ gallons, wanting 13 gallons to fill Arrack, leaguer no. 2, gauged at 160 gallons, wanting 9 gallons to fill Arrack, total gauged, 312½ gallons Arrack, total wanting, 22 gallons Arrack, received, 290½ gallons Madeira wine, pipe no. 1, gauged at 112½ gallons, wanting 4½ gallons to fill Madeira wine, pipe no. 2, gauged at 112 gallons, wanting 3 gallons to fill Madeira wine, pipe no. 3, gauged at 116½ gallons, wanting 4 gallons to fill Madeira wine, pipe no. 4, gauged at 113½ gallons, wanting 4 gallons to fill Madeira wine, pipe no. 5, gauged at 113½ gallons, wanting 4 gallons to fill Madeira wine, total gauged, 568 gallons Madeira wine, total wanting, 19½ gallons Madeira wine, received, 548½ gallons Madeira wine, pipe no. 6, not delivered James Powell, the storekeeper, signed the account at St Helena on 2 June 1770. On 31 May the Governor received a letter from Captain Robert Boss of the Britannia, which he laid before the Council. Following the orders of the Court of Directors and the instructions of the ship's owners, Boss had landed a barrel of gunpowder for salutes, as all ships usually did. He asked the Governor to order the proper officer to receive it. He added that, having no boat of his own available, he could not have sent it ashore any sooner. Interpretations Each visiting ship paid in kind for the salutes the island fired in her honour. The Court and the owners both required commanders to land a barrel of powder at St Helena. The April artillery account shows why. Nine guns were fired for each Company ship that arrived or departed, and 26 lb of priming went on the month's salutes, adding up to more than 200 lb of powder a month on courtesy alone. The barrel from each ship returned roughly what her own salutes had used. The ceremony that showed off the island's strength was therefore paid for by the ships it honoured, not by the garrison's own stock of powder, which was kept for defence. The Duke of Grafton landed only five of the six pipes of Madeira charged on her invoice, and every pipe that did arrive was short. On 22 May 1770 the Council had told Fort William it wanted only three pipes a year. Now it had received five, with nearly 20 gallons gone from them and a whole pipe missing. As with the Royal Charlotte's rice, the shortage went beyond ordinary leakage. Five bags of rice and five of paddy were never delivered at all. A pipe of the finest wine of the voyage was the kind of cargo most likely to vanish in a ship's hold between Bengal and St Helena. | |
258 | 2d. June We directed the Secretary to write him the subsequent Answer To Captn. Robt. Rous Commander of Ship Britannia Sir I am Ordered by the Govr. & Council to acquaint you that as soon as you gave them Information of your being ready for Sea it is their business to dispatch you that Day to prevent Demurrage falling upon the Honble. Company. It therefore rests with you to have your Barrel of Powder on Shore in proper time that your Ships Accounts may be laid before the board by the Accomptant, and transmitted home. Your want of a Boat they think can be no excuse, as you did not make known to them that difficulty, which had they been apprised of, they would have sent for. I am further to acquaint you that the business of the Secretarys Office could not be postponed on account of such Delays and cannot now receive your Powder as your Ships Account was made up and your Packet delivered before your powder came on shore, the sent to on that Account. I am Sir Your most humble Servant (signed) St. Helena 31st May 1770 Mattw. Bazett Secy. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The Council told the secretary to send Captain Rous a reply. Matthew Bazett wrote to Captain Robert Rous, commander of the Britannia, at St Helena on 31 May 1770, on the orders of Governor Skottowe and the Council. The Council's duty was to dispatch a ship on the day her commander reported her ready for sea. That rule kept the Company from having to pay demurrage. It was therefore up to Rous to land his barrel of powder in good time, so that the accountant could lay his ship's account before the board and send it home. The lack of a boat was no excuse, since Rous had never told the Council of the difficulty. Had he done so, it would have sent a boat for the powder. The business of the secretary's office could not be held up by delays of this kind. The Britannia's account had already been made up and her packet handed over before the powder came ashore. The Council therefore could not now receive it. The Governor, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The Council refused a barrel of powder that the garrison could have used. The obvious course was to take it, since every barrel paid for salutes the island had already fired. The Council turned it away because of how the Company's ships were hired. Under a charter party the Company paid the owners demurrage, a daily charge, for every day it held a ship beyond the agreed time. To avoid that cost, the Council made up each ship's account, sealed her packet and sent her off on the day she was reported ready. Accepting the powder after the account was closed would have meant reopening the books and amending the papers already handed to the ship. That would delay her, or leave the Court's record out of step with what was actually received. The reply also put the blame on Rous. The Court and the Britannia's owners had ordered him to land the powder, and he had failed to do so in time. The Council's letter would travel home with the rest of the packet. If the owners or the Court later asked why the island had no credit for the Britannia's barrel, the answer was already on record: the commander had not asked for a boat. A small refusal protected the Council's procedure and shifted any loss onto the ship. | |
259 | 5th June At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 5th day of June 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Governor Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated 2d. June 1770 Sunday the 3d. arrived a Dane Ship from Tranquebar called the Countess of Moltke Capt. Nyrrop burthen seven hundred Tons carrys 22 Guns & 60 Men laden with Bengall Goods bound to Copenhagen Yesterday passed by two Ships at a great distance do. Sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Duke of Grafton & Neptune for England We this day granted the following Setts of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors vizt. One set to John Skottowe Esqr. for five hundred and fifty seven pounds payable to Robert Wood Esqr. (or Order) Three Setts to Daniel Corneille Esqr. one for fifty five pounds payable to Messrs. Mainsforth and Gibbons, One for one hundred and ten pounds sixteen Shillings and eleven pence payable to John Calland Esqr. and one Set for one hundred and seventy six pounds six Shillings, payable to Charles Bouchier Esqr. (or Order) One Set to Mr. Richard Bagley for five Hundred and sixty six pounds, three Shillings and Ten pence payable to Captn. Thomas Kirkpatrick (or Order) | The Council met at the Castle on Tuesday 5 June 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 2 June 1770 were read, approved and signed. On Sunday 3 June a Danish ship came in from Tranquebar. She was the Countess of Moltke, commanded by Captain Nyrup, of 700 tons, with 22 guns and 60 men. She carried Bengal goods and was bound for Copenhagen. Two ships passed the island far out to sea on Monday 4 June. The Company's ships Duke of Grafton and Neptune sailed for England the same day. The Council granted the following sets of bills of exchange on the Court of Directors. John Skottowe, 1 set payable to Robert Wood or his order, £557 0s 0d Daniel Corneille, 1 set payable to Stainforth and Gibson, £55 0s 0d Daniel Corneille, 1 set payable to John Cartland, £106 16s 11d Daniel Corneille, 1 set payable to Charles Bourchier or his order, £126 6s 0d Richard Bagley, 1 set payable to Captain Thomas Kirkpatrick or his order, £566 3s 3d Interpretations The island's leading men sent their money home through the Company's treasury in the same week. The Governor remitted £557, almost the whole of a year's salary. The Lieutenant Governor drew three sets, one of them payable to Charles Bourchier, the former Governor of Madras who had sailed in the Britannia on 1 June. Corneille probably owed Bourchier for goods or money supplied while the Britannia lay in the road. A bill on London settled the debt without coin leaving the island, and Bourchier could cash it when he reached home. Richard Bagley's £566 3s 3d to Captain Thomas Kirkpatrick was probably connected with Mary Hunt's Bengal estate or his late brother Orlando's affairs. With each bill the treasury gained coin in hand, while the Court took on the debt in London. The Danish ship from Tranquebar was another reminder that the Company did not have the Indian trade to itself. Tranquebar, on the Coromandel coast, was the Danish Asiatic Company's settlement. Yet the Countess of Moltke carried Bengal goods. Foreign companies bought heavily in Bengal under British protection. The Council recorded her size and force as it did for every foreign ship that came into the road. | |
260 | 5th June And one Set to Lieutenant Solomon St. Maurice for thirty pounds payable to Mrs. Ann Barne (or Order) all drawn at ninety Days sight John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling At a Consultation held on Monday the 11th Day of June 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 5th June 1770 This Day Thos. Rutherford Private was found Dead supposed to have hanged himself The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of May last, were this day laid before Us, which have been examined, approved of and are as follow vizt. | The last of the bills was a set drawn for Lieutenant Solomon St Maurice. It was for £30 0s 0d and payable to Mrs Ann Barne or her order. All the bills were payable ninety days after they were presented. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 11 June 1770. The Governor attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 5 June 1770 were read, approved and signed. Thomas Rutherford, a private, was found dead that day. He was thought to have hanged himself. The accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for May were then laid before the Council. The Council examined and approved them, and they were entered as follows. Interpretations Thomas Rutherford had served as a private in the Fourth Company, drawing his full £3 15s 0d for the quarter to 31 March 1770. The Council recorded his death in a single line and said only that he was "supposed" to have hanged himself. Under English law, a man who killed himself while of sound mind was a felon. His goods were forfeit, and he could be refused burial in consecrated ground. Those consequences depended on the verdict of an inquest, and none is mentioned here. Leaving the cause as a supposition left room for a gentler verdict. It is the second sign that spring of men in the garrison driven to despair. Jeremiah Whorrill and Robert Frankish had put to sea in an open boat on 17 April 1770 rather than serve on. | |
261 | 11th June Artillery Stores Expended in May 1770 Guns fired, 24 lbs, 18 lbs, 9 lbs, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lbs, Powder Expended oz 1 Powder for the Funeral of Willm. Halsall Gunr.: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 4 5 Alarm at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 do. at Burlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 2, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 14, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Lioness: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Priming: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 0 Guns fired to Salute Governor Vereelst coming on Shore: Guns fired 19, 24 lbs 2, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 2, 6 lbs 15, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 44, Powder Expended oz 0 8 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the British King: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 9 An Alarm at Burlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 2, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 14, Powder Expended oz 0 do. at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Harcourt: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Departed the Royal Charlotte: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Priming for the Above Salutes: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 11, Powder Expended oz 0 11 Powder for the Governors Use: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 1, Powder Expended oz 0 14 do. for the Funeral of Willm. Griffin and Daniel Masterson Soldiers: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 4, Powder Expended oz 8 A Double Alarm: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 6, 1 lbs 3, Powder Expended lbs 15, Powder Expended oz 0 15 Arrived the Osterly & Earl of Ashburnham: Guns fired 18, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 18, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 27, Powder Expended oz 0 Priming for Salutes: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 4, Powder Expended oz 0 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 16 Arrived the Duke of Albany: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Priming: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 0 An Alarm for a Ship that passed by: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 18 do. for do.: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Guns fired to Salute Governor Vereelst going On board: Guns fired 19, 24 lbs 2, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 1, 6 lbs 16, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 43, Powder Expended oz 0 Priming: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 7, Powder Expended oz 0 Priming Expecting the Lioness to Sail. Lioness Sailed that Evening: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 0 19 Powder for the Funeral of James Swanson Sold.: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 2, Powder Expended oz 4 20 A Double Alarm: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 6, 1 lbs 3, Powder Expended lbs 15, Powder Expended oz 0 Carried over: Guns fired 150, 24 lbs 4, 18 lbs 4, 9 lbs 3, 6 lbs 94, 4 lbs 36, 1 lbs 13, Powder Expended lbs 355, Powder Expended oz 8 | The account of artillery stores used in May 1770 was entered as follows. 1 May, powder for the funeral of William Hassell, gunner: powder 2 lb 4 oz 5 May, an alarm at Prosperous Bay: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 5 May, an alarm at Purling's Battery: 2 guns fired, 2 eighteen-pounders, powder 14 lb 0 oz 5 May, the Lioness arrived: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 5 May, priming: powder 2 lb 0 oz 5 May, salute to Governor Verelst on coming ashore: 19 guns fired, 2 twenty-four-pounders, 2 nine-pounders, 15 six-pounders, powder 44 lb 0 oz 8 May, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 8 May, the British King arrived: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 9 May, an alarm at Purling's Battery: 2 guns fired, 2 eighteen-pounders, powder 14 lb 0 oz 9 May, an alarm at Prosperous Bay: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 9 May, the Harcourt arrived: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 9 May, the Royal Charlotte departed: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 9 May, priming for the salutes above: powder 11 lb 0 oz 11 May, powder for the Governor's use: powder 1 lb 0 oz 14 May, powder for the funeral of William Griffin and Daniel Masterson, soldiers: powder 4 lb 8 oz 14 May, a double alarm: 9 guns fired, 6 four-pounders, 3 one-pounders, powder 15 lb 0 oz 15 May, the Osterley and Earl of Ashburnham arrived: 18 guns fired, 18 six-pounders, powder 27 lb 0 oz. 15 May, priming for the salutes: powder 4 lb 0 oz 15 May, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 16 May, the Duke of Albany arrived: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 16 May, priming: powder 2 lb 0 oz 16 May, an alarm for a ship that passed by: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 18 May, an alarm for a ship that passed by: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 18 May, salute to Governor Verelst on going aboard: 19 guns fired, 2 twenty-four-pounders, 1 nine-pounder, 16 six-pounders, powder 43 lb 0 oz 18 May, priming: powder 7 lb 0 oz 18 May, priming in expectation of the Lioness sailing, which she did that evening: powder 2 lb 0 oz. 19 May, powder for the funeral of James Swanson, soldier: powder 2 lb 4 oz 20 May, a double alarm: 9 guns fired, 6 four-pounders, 3 one-pounders, powder 15 lb 0 oz Carried forward: 150 guns fired, 4 twenty-four-pounders, 4 eighteen-pounders, 3 nine-pounders, 94 six-pounders, 36 four-pounders, 18 one-pounders, powder 355 lb 8 oz Interpretations The two largest salutes of the month were fired for a person, not a ship. Governor Verelst was given 19 guns when he came ashore on 5 May and 19 more when he went aboard on 18 May. Those salutes used the heavy twenty-four-pounders, which were fired for nothing else in May, and burned 87 lb of powder between them. Harry Verelst had been Governor of Bengal and was going home in the Lioness, which arrived on the day he landed and sailed on the evening he left. His thirteen days ashore explain the steward's account for the Company's table in April and May. A former head of the richest presidency was entertained at the Castle at the Company's cost. The salute of 19 guns was more than twice what a ship received and matched the rank of a governor. That rank was owed to him even out of office and on another governor's island. The garrison's funerals that month were marked by volleys of musketry, using a little over 2 lb of powder each. William Hassell, the gunner who died on 1 May, was buried that day. William Griffin and Daniel Masterson, who both died on 13 May, were buried together the next day. James Swanson, who died on 18 May, was buried the day after. In a garrison that was already short of men, three funerals in under three weeks showed how steadily disease took them. | |
262 | 11th June Guns fired, 24 lbs, 18 lbs, 9 lbs, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lbs, Powder Expended oz Brought over: Guns fired 159, 24 lbs 4, 18 lbs 4, 9 lbs 3, 6 lbs 94, 4 lbs 36, 1 lbs 18, Powder Expended lbs 355, Powder Expended oz 8 21 Arrived the Neptune & a Spanish Ship: Guns fired 18, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 18, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 27, Powder Expended oz 0 Priming for both Salutes: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 4, Powder Expended oz 8 An Alarm at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 An Alarm at Burlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 2, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 6, Powder Expended oz 0 The Alarm Doubled: Guns fired 3, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 2, 1 lbs 1, Powder Expended lbs 5, Powder Expended oz 0 22 The Alarm Doubled three times: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 6, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 14, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrd. the Norfolk Britannia & a Dutch Ship: Guns fired 31, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 31, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 46, Powder Expended oz 8 Guns fired to Salute Govr. Bourchier coming On Shore: Guns fired 19, 24 lbs 2, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 1, 6 lbs 16, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 43, Powder Expended oz 0 23 Arrived a Spanish Ship: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 25 Depart. the Earl of Ashburnham and Osterly: Guns fired 18, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 18, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 27, Powder Expended oz 0 Priming for the above Salutes: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 20, Powder Expended oz 0 26 An Alarm for a Ship that past by: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 3, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 28th do. for do. do.: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 29 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Devonshire: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 13, Powder Expended oz 8 31 Departed the two Spanish Frigates: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 3, Powder Expended oz 0 Powder for Sundry Uses: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lbs 44, Powder Expended oz 1 Total: Guns fired 298, 24 lbs 6, 18 lbs 6, 9 lbs 4, 6 lbs 195, 4 lbs 60, 1 lbs 27, Powder Expended lbs 576, Powder Expended oz 1 lb. oz 1st Lead Ball to Shoot Goats at different times 2 10 Tompions Expended on the Line 32 Pounders 2 do. at Burlings Battery 18 do. 5 do. in the Curtain 6 do. 4 Copper Punks for the Govr. Use 24 Paper to make saluting Cartridges at different times 10½ Quire Needles broke in making them 3 Hand Spikes Expended 3 Sponge Staves for the Bakers to make forks 4 Tallow for the Long Boats at different times lb. 19 James Tippet Capt. of Artillery | The account of artillery stores used in May 1770 continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward: 159 guns fired, 4 twenty-four-pounders, 4 eighteen-pounders, 3 nine-pounders, 94 six-pounders, 36 four-pounders, 18 one-pounders, powder 355 lb 8 oz 21 May, the Neptune and a Spanish ship arrived: 18 guns fired, 18 six-pounders, powder 27 lb 0 oz. 21 May, priming for both salutes: powder 4 lb 8 oz 21 May, an alarm at Prosperous Bay: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 21 May, an alarm at Purling's Battery: 2 guns fired, 2 eighteen-pounders, powder 6 lb 0 oz 21 May, the alarm doubled: 3 guns fired, 2 four-pounders, 1 one-pounder, powder 5 lb 0 oz 22 May, the alarm doubled three times: 6 guns fired, 6 four-pounders, powder 14 lb 8 oz 22 May, the Norfolk, the Britannia and a Dutch ship arrived: 31 guns fired, 31 six-pounders, powder 46 lb 8 oz. 22 May, salute to Governor Bourchier on coming ashore: 19 guns fired, 2 twenty-four-pounders, 1 nine-pounder, 16 six-pounders, powder 43 lb 0 oz 23 May, a Spanish ship arrived: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 25 May, the Earl of Ashburnham and Osterley departed: 18 guns fired, 18 six-pounders, powder 27 lb 0 oz. 25 May, priming for the salutes above: powder 20 lb 0 oz 26 May, an alarm for a ship that passed by: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 3 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 28 May, an alarm for a ship that passed by: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 29 May, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 29 May, the Devonshire arrived: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 31 May, the two Spanish frigates departed: powder 3 lb 0 oz Powder for sundry uses: powder 44 lb 1 oz Total: 298 guns fired, 6 twenty-four-pounders, 6 eighteen-pounders, 4 nine-pounders, 195 six-pounders, 60 four-pounders, 27 one-pounders, powder 576 lb 1 oz Lead ball for shooting goats at different times, 2 lb 10 oz Tompions used on the Line for 32-pounders, 2 Tompions used at Purling's Battery for 18-pounders, 5 Tompions used on the curtain for 6-pounders, 4 Copper priming wires for the Governor's use, 24 Paper for making saluting cartridges at different times, 10½ quires Needles broken in making the cartridges, 3 Handspikes used, 3 Sponge staves given to the bakers to make forks, 4 Tallow for the longboats at different times, 19 lb James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Interpretations May used nearly twice as much powder as April: 576 lb against 312 lb. The difference came from the crowded road. Six Company ships and four foreign ones arrived in May, each saluted, and two former governors were each given 19 guns on landing. Charles Bourchier came ashore from the Britannia on 22 May to the same salute Harry Verelst had received on 5 May. The garrison fired in one month almost a quarter of a ton of powder in courtesy. The barrel each ship was required to land, as Captain Rous had tried to do, was meant to cover just this expense. The account was signed in May by James Tippet as captain of artillery. In April Thomas Bazett had signed it as commanding the artillery. Tippet did not appear on the pay list for the quarter ending 31 March 1770. He was probably appointed by the Court and came out in the British King or Harcourt, whose packets the Council opened on 9 May. That would explain the report on unserviceable guns, requested on 18 May, which the Council asked of Tippet rather than of Bazett. A new officer from England, with the Court's backing, was taking charge of the island's guns and taking stock of them. The account also shows how saluting cartridges were made. Powder was rolled in paper and sewn up with needles, ten and a half quires of paper in a single month. Priming wires of copper, which could not strike a spark, were pushed through the vent to pierce the cartridge before the gun was primed. The tompions for 32-pounders on the Line show that the heaviest guns on the island stood in the main sea wall across the mouth of James Valley. | |
263 | 1770 Sundrys Expended at the Honorable Company's Table in May last 1770 37 Bottles Madeira £ 3 1 8 52 do. Lisbon 3 18 11 do. Mountain 16 6 73 do. Beer 11 4 39 Galls. Arrack 5 17 112¾ lb. Beef 2 7 7½ 271 Mutton 5 12 11 3 Turkeys 2 37 Fowls 2 15 6 18 Ducks 1 7 3 Geese 15 4½ Butter 4 3 115 Candy 2 17 6 610 Flour 5 14 4½ 8 Lambs 4 3 Kids 15 7 Pigs 1 15 £ 44 8 4½ The Widow and Executors to the last Will and Testament of Mr. John Desfountain deceased this day presented the said Will desiring the same might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto, the Will is as follows vizt. In the Name of God Amen I John Desfountain of the Island of St. Helena Planter, being now in Perfect Health and of sound Mind, Memory and Understanding and considering the Uncertainty of Life and Certainty of Death do make and ordain this my last Will and Testament in manner and form following, that is to say, my Soul I recommend into the Hands of Almighty God and | The account of food and drink used at the Company's table in May 1770 was entered as follows. Madeira wine, 37 bottles, £3 1s 8d Lisbon wine, 52 bottles, £3 18s 0d Mountain wine, 11 bottles, £0 16s 6d Beer, 73 bottles, £0 11s 0¼d Arrack, 39 gallons, £5 17s 0d Beef, 112¾ lb, £2 7s 7½d Mutton, 271 lb, £5 12s 11d Turkeys, 8, £2 0s 0d Fowls, 37, £2 15s 6d Ducks, 18, £1 7s 0d Geese, 3, £0 15s 0d Butter, 4½ lb, £0 4s 3d Sugar candy, 115 lb, £2 17s 6d Flour, 610 lb, £5 14s 4½d Lambs, 8, £4 0s 0d Kids, 3, £0 15s 0d Pigs, 7, £1 15s 0d Total, £44 8s 4½d The widow and executors of John Desfountain, who had died on 29 April 1770, presented his will and asked for it to be proved. The witnesses swore to it on oath, and the will was proved. It read as follows. John Desfountain, a planter of St Helena, made his will while in good health and of sound mind, memory and understanding. Mindful that life was uncertain and death certain, he set out his last wishes. He first commended his soul to Almighty God. Interpretations The Company's table cost £44 8s 4½d in May, against £27 7s 11¾d in April, an increase of more than three-fifths. The rise came from the two former governors entertained at the Castle that month. Harry Verelst spent thirteen days ashore from 5 May, and Charles Bourchier landed on 22 May. Madeira, absent from the April account, now appeared at 37 bottles, opened from the pipes just landed by the Duke of Grafton. Lambs and kids, also absent in April, were the delicacies of the island's flocks and goat ranges. Mutton, fowls and arrack all rose. A distinguished guest was expected to dine at the Castle every day of his stay, and the island's table reflected the rank of whoever was ashore. | |
264 | 11 June and my Body to the Earth to be buried in a decent Manr. and my worldly Estate I dispose of as follows Vizt. Imprimis I will that my Just Debts and Funeral Charges shall be paid and Discharged Item I give to my beloved Wife Sarah Desfountain one third part of my free Land and one third part of my Leasehold Land, and likewise one third part of my Dwelling House during her natural Life. Item I will and bequeath unto my Son James Desfountain the other two thirds of my Free Land and the other two thirds of my Leasehold Land, and likewise the other two thirds of my Dwelling House when he arrives to the Age of twenty one Years, he paying to each of my Daughters Mary and Elizabeth Desfountain an equal Share or Dividend at Valuation when they arrive to the Age of twenty one Years or Marriage. Item I likewise at the Decease of my beloved Wife bequeath the other third third part of my Free Land and the other third part of my Leasehold Land and likewise the other third part of my Dwelling House to my Son James Desfountain he paying to each of my Daughters the s. Mary and Elizabeth Desfountain an equal Share or Dividend in manner as above mentioned. Item I give and bequeath unto my beloved Wife one Man Slave named Jack and one Woman Slave named Mercy, formerly Mr. James Bideris to be at her own Disposal. Likewise a Boy Slave named George to be and remain with her as a Servant During her natural Life, and after her decease, to have his Freedom. Item I give and bequeath unto my Son Jam. Desfountain One Boy Slave Named Ruben, One Boy Slave Named Hercules one Woman Slave named Pegg and one Girl Slave named Nancy not to be valued to him. Item I give and bequeath unto my Daughter Mary Desfountain one Boy Slave Named Harry, one Boy Slave named Samson, one Woman Slave named Pegg, and one Girl Slave named Patt not to be Valued to her. Item I give and bequeath unto my Daughter Elizabeth Desfountain one Boy Slave named Tom Rogues one Boy Slave named Philip, one Woman Slave named Mercy and one Woman Slave named Hagar not to be Valued to her. | Desfountain directed that his body be buried decently and that his estate be divided as follows. His just debts and funeral charges were to be paid first. He left his wife, Sarah Desfountain, a third of his freehold land, a third of his leasehold land and a third of his dwelling house, for the rest of her life. He left his son, James Desfountain, the other two-thirds of the freehold land, the leasehold land and the dwelling house, to take effect when James reached 21. In return James was to pay each of his sisters, Mary and Elizabeth Desfountain, an equal share of the value, when each reached 21 or married. On Sarah's death her third of the land and house was also to pass to James. He was to pay his sisters an equal share of that part in the same way. He left Sarah two slaves, a man named Jack and a woman named Mercy, who had formerly belonged to James Rider, for her to dispose of as she wished. He also left her a slave boy named George, to stay with her as a servant for her lifetime. On her death George was to be freed. He left his son James four slaves, the boys Stephen and Hercules, the woman Peggy and the girl Nancy. They were not to be counted against James's share. He left his daughter Mary four slaves, the boys Harry and Samson, the woman Pegg and the girl Patt. They were not to be counted against her share. He left his daughter Elizabeth four slaves, the boys Tom Pique and Philip and the women Mercy and Hagar. They were not to be counted against her share. Interpretations Desfountain treated land and slaves in opposite ways. The land went whole to his son, who had to pay his sisters their shares of its value. That kept the plantation together as a working unit, much as Orlando Bagley had arranged for his sons. The slaves, by contrast, were divided equally, four to each child. The will said they were "not to be valued", meaning no child would have to pay for them or have them set against a share. Each child therefore started with a household of slaves of matching size and make-up: two boys and two women or girls. A daughter's slaves would go with her into marriage, providing labour for a new household without drawing on the family land. George was the only one of the fourteen slaves named in the will to be given his freedom, and only after his mistress died. Promising freedom at a master's or mistress's death was a common way to secure loyal service for life. It cost the estate nothing while the owner lived, and it gave the servant a strong reason to look after the widow. Even then, George's freedom depended on his outliving Sarah. A legacy of this kind needed the Council's approval and an entry in its register to take effect, since a freed slave on St Helena had to be able to prove his status. | |
265 | 1770 Item If my Son James, my Daughters Mary and Elizabeth Desfountain or either of them should die, before they arrive to the Age of twenty one Years or Marriage, the Survivors to enjoy the others Legacy. Item I give and bequeath unto my beloved Wife the one third of my Personal Estate not already disposed of, to be at her own disposal for ever. Item I give and bequeath unto my Son James my Daughters Mary and Elizabeth Desfountain the other two thirds of my Personal Estate, to be equally divided between them, as they shall arrive at the Age of twenty one Years or Marriage. Item I will and direct that my beloved Sister Rebecca Desfountain have her Maintainance in my Estate such as Meat, Drink, Washing and Lodging while she remains Single and not to be Charged to her. Lastly I do hereby Nominate my beloved Wife Executrix and my Friends Lieut. Samuel Desfountain and Mr. Orlando Bagley Junr. together with my Son James Desfountain when he arrives to the Age of Nineteen, to be Executors to this my last Will and Testament hereby revoking and making Void all former Wills by me heretofore made, confirming this and no other to be my last Will and Testament. In Witness whereof I have set my Hand and Seal, the twenty fifth Day of October in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven hundred and sixty eight. (signed) John Desfountain Signed, signed and declared by the Testator, as his last Will and Testament at the Request of and in the Presence of the s. Testator and in the presence of each other (signed) Phill. Mahony John Worrall Since Our dispatching the British King and Harcourt the Captain of Artillery laid before Us the following Indent for Field Gun Carriages, Wanted from Bombay. We have accordingly wrote to the Gentlemen of that Presidency by both those Ships vizt. | Desfountain's will went on to provide for any of his children who died before reaching 21 or marrying. If his son James or either daughter, Mary or Elizabeth, died before then, the survivors were to share that child's legacy. He left his wife a third of his personal estate not otherwise disposed of, for her to dispose of as she wished. The other two-thirds were to be divided equally among James, Mary and Elizabeth as each reached 21 or married. He directed that his sister, Rebecca Desfountain, be kept from his estate in food, drink, washing and lodging for as long as she remained single. The cost was not to be charged against her. He named as his executors his wife, his friends Lieutenant Samuel Desfountain and Orlando Bagley junior, and his son James once James reached 19. He revoked all earlier wills and declared this his only will. He signed and sealed it on 25 October 1768. Philip Mahony and John Worrall witnessed it. After the British King and Harcourt had been dispatched, the captain of artillery laid before the Council an indent for field gun carriages to be obtained from Bombay. The Council wrote to the Bombay Council accordingly, sending the letter by both ships. Interpretations Desfountain made his son an executor at 19, two years before the boy could inherit the land. The will was made in October 1768, and by April 1770 James was earning £30 a year as one of the Company's writers. Making him an executor brought him into the management of the plantation while his mother and the two older executors were still there to guide him. Orlando Bagley junior, one of those executors, was the man the vestry put forward as churchwarden on 16 April 1770, the same month his own father's will was proved. The island's leading families relied on one another to settle estates, and a young man named in a will could find himself trustee for two families at once. Asking Bombay for gun carriages came straight out of the artillery reports. The carriages on the batteries rotted in the island's damp and had needed thorough painting in the first quarter of 1770. James Tippet's report of 18 May found 38 guns unfit for service. Bombay's dockyard built in teak, which resisted rot and insects far better than the elm and oak sent from England. Carriages from Bombay would last longer on the island's batteries, and a Company ship could bring them on the next voyage out. | |
266 | 11 June To the Honorable Thomas Hodges Esqr. President and Governor &c. Council of Bombay Sir & Sirs Since our address to you of the 22 of last Month we received an Indent from the Capt. of Artillery for the following Field Gun Carriages vizt. fourteen for 32 pounder Guns six for 18 lbs. four for 12 lbs. Nine for 9 lbs. and one for 6 which we request you will comply with and forward by the first opportunity. We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (signed) St. Helena 11th June 1770 John Skottowe Daniel Corneille Mattw. Burling Being in great want of a Luggage Boat for the Honorable Company we have purchased a large Yaul with four Oars, and six Long Boat Oars, of Captn. Stewart for which we have paid him £ 18 8 The Storekeeper this Day delivered the following Account of Stores Short received from Ships British King and Harcourt vizt. | The letter was addressed to Thomas Hodges, President and Governor of Bombay, and his Council. Since its letter of 22 May, the Council had received an indent from the captain of artillery for field gun carriages. It asked Bombay to supply them and send them by the first opportunity. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed it at St Helena on 11 June 1770. Carriages for 32-pounder guns, 14 Carriages for 18-pounder guns, 6 Carriages for 12-pounder guns, 4 Carriages for 9-pounder guns, 9 Carriages for 6-pounder guns, 1 The Company badly needed a boat for carrying goods. The Council bought a large yawl with four oars, and six longboat oars, from Captain Stewart, paying him £18 0s 0d. The storekeeper then delivered an account of the stores from the British King and Harcourt that had come ashore short. Interpretations The order for 34 carriages followed directly from James Tippet's survey of the island's guns. Fourteen of them were for 32-pounders, the heaviest guns on the island, which stood along the Line across the mouth of James Valley. Those guns were the island's main defence against a landing in the bay. A gun whose carriage had rotted could not be aimed or fired, however sound the barrel. Asking Bombay rather than London cut the delay. Teak carriages built in the Bombay dockyard could reach St Helena by the next ship from India, in months rather than the year or more an order to England would take. The yawl replaced part of what the Company had lost in the road that spring. One longboat had been taken by Jeremiah Whorrill and Robert Frankish on 17 April 1770, and another had been driven out to sea in the gale of 4 May. Without its boats, the island could not land stores or passengers from ships at anchor. Buying a ship's yawl from Captain Stewart of the Duke of Albany was quicker and cheaper than building one. At £18 0s 0d with ten oars, it cost less than the £25 paid to Captain John Waddell for a longboat in February 1770. | |
267 | 1770 Account of Stores short received from the following Ships vizt. British King vizt. 2 Cask Salt 2 do. Flour 1 Wheel Barrow 2 Single Deals 2 Brushes 1 28 Bus. Coals Short Delivered 4 Globe Lamps 11 Earthn. Milk Pans 19 Scythe Stones 4 Half Pt. Glasses 4 Wine do. 34 Dutch Gally Tiles found broke upon opening the Packages which were in good Order 3 Blankets 12 Shoe Soles 7 Shoe Brushes damaged by Wet and good for nothing 8½ Yards Blue Shalloon damaged by being full of holes and good for nothing 9 lb. 9 oz. Hops Short Weight 6 Bush. Salt short measure Occasioned by Wastage Wine vizt. No. 1 1 Hhd. Lisbon Gages Galls. 62 wants to fill 2 Galls. 2 1 do. do. do. 62 do. do. 2 do. 3 1 do. do. do. 61 do. do. 2 do. 185 6 6 Recd. 179 Galls. No. 4 1 Hhd. Port Gages 62 wants to fill 3 Galls. 5 1 do. do. do. 63 do. do. 2½ do. 125 5½ 5½ Recd. 119½ Galls. No. 6 1 Hhd. Mountain Gages 62 wants to fill 2 Galls. Recd. 60 Galls. Harcourt vizt. 12 doz. fine Ivory Combs found short packed upon opening the Packages which were in good order 9 Hair Sieves 7 Blankets Damaged by Wet and good for nothing | The storekeeper's account of stores that came ashore short or damaged from the two ships was entered as follows. British King Salt, [...] cask, short delivered Flour, 2 casks, short delivered Wheelbarrow, 1, short delivered Single deals, 2, short delivered Baulks of timber, 2, short delivered Coals, 1 chaldron 28 bushels, short delivered Globe lamps, 4, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Earthenware milk pans, 11, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Scythe stones, 19, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Half-pint glasses, 4, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Pint glasses, 4, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Dutch galley tiles, 34, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Blankets, 3, rotten and of no use Slaves' frocks, 12, rotten and of no use Shoe brushes, 7, rotten and of no use Blue shalloon, 8½ yards, full of holes and of no use Hops, 9 lb, short weight through wastage Salt, 6 bushels, short measure through wastage Lisbon wine, hogshead no. 1, gauged at 63 gallons, wanting 2 gallons to fill Lisbon wine, hogshead no. 2, gauged at 63 gallons, wanting 2 gallons to fill Lisbon wine, hogshead no. 3, gauged at 61 gallons, wanting 2 gallons to fill Lisbon wine, total gauged, 185 gallons Lisbon wine, total wanting, 6 gallons Lisbon wine, received, 179 gallons Port wine, hogshead no. 4, gauged at 62 gallons, wanting 3 gallons to fill Port wine, hogshead no. 5, gauged at 63 gallons, wanting 2½ gallons to fill Port wine, total gauged, 125 gallons Port wine, total wanting, 5½ gallons Port wine, received, 119½ gallons Mountain wine, hogshead no. 6, gauged at 62 gallons, wanting 2 gallons to fill Mountain wine, received, 60 gallons Harcourt Fine ivory combs, 12 dozen, found short packed on opening the packages, which were in good order Hair sieves, 9, damaged by wet and of no use Blankets, 7, damaged by wet and of no use Interpretations The account separated losses by who was to blame. Goods short delivered, such as the casks, the wheelbarrow and the timber, were the ship's responsibility. Her commander had signed for them in London and could be charged for anything missing. Breakage found inside packages that arrived in good order was the packer's fault in England, not the ship's. Rot, damp and wastage were treated as ordinary risks of the voyage that the Company bore itself. The 12 dozen ivory combs found short in a sound package from the Harcourt were a charge against the London warehouse that packed them. Each loss went back to whoever had last had charge of the goods, and the storekeeper's few words decided whose account would carry it. Dutch galley tiles were the glazed earthenware tiles made at Delft and other Dutch potteries. They were used to line fireplaces, dairies and kitchens where a washable surface was wanted. With the milk pans broken in the same cases, they were perhaps meant for the dairy at the Company's plantation. The hops were for brewing. They show that the island was making its own beer to supplement the bottled beer issued at the Castle. | |
268 | 11 June 3 Earthn. Milk Pans 1 Glass Lamp 1 Tumbler 1 half Pint Glass 10 Sq. Glass 10 by 12 6 do. do. 11 by 17 5 do. do. 11 by 17¾ 15 do. do. 10 by 16 4 do. do. 6 by 8 6 do. do. 8 by 10 found Broke upon opening the Packages which were in Good Order 104 lb. Sole Leather 31 lb. Hops Short Weight occasioned by Wastage 2¾ Bush. Salt Short measure do. by do. 2 2 26 Iron at five Bars 2 Casks Flour 6 Wainscot Boards 9 Double Deals 39 Single do. 2 Haulks 9 Bushels Coals Short Delivered Wine vizt. No. 1 Lisbon Gages G. 62 wants to fill 2 Galls. No. 2 do. do. 60 do. do. 1 do. No. 3 do. do. 60 do. do. 1 182 4 4 Recd. 178 Galls. No. 4 1 Hhd. Mountn. Gages 60 wants to fill 1½ G. 5 1 do. do. do. 61½ do. 1 121½ 2½ 2½ Received 119 Galls. No. 6 1 Hhd. Port Gages 62 wants to fill 1 Gall. Recd. 61 Galls. (signed) Ja. Powell Storekeeper St. Helena 11th June 1770 | The Harcourt's list of stores short or damaged continued as follows. Earthenware milk pans, 3, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Globe lamp, 1, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Tumbler, 1, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Half-pint glass, 1, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Window glass, 10 panes 10 by 12 inches, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Window glass, 63 panes 11 by 17 inches, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Window glass, 5 panes 11 by 17¾ inches, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Window glass, 15 panes 10 by 16 inches, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Window glass, 4 panes 6 by 8 inches, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Window glass, 6 panes 8 by 10 inches, found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order Sole leather, 10¼ lb, short weight through wastage Hops, 3½ lb, short weight through wastage Salt, 2¾ bushels, short measure through wastage Iron in 5 bars, 2 cwt 2 qr 26 lb, short delivered Flour, 2 casks, short delivered Wainscot boards, 6, short delivered Double deals, 9, short delivered Single deals, 39, short delivered Baulks of timber, 2, short delivered Coals, 9 bushels, short delivered Lisbon wine, hogshead no. 1, gauged at 62 gallons, wanting 2 gallons to fill Lisbon wine, hogshead no. 2, gauged at 60 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill Lisbon wine, hogshead no. 3, gauged at 60 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill Lisbon wine, total gauged, 182 gallons Lisbon wine, total wanting, 4 gallons Lisbon wine, received, 178 gallons Mountain wine, hogshead no. 4, gauged at 60 gallons, wanting 1½ gallons to fill Mountain wine, hogshead no. 5, gauged at 61½ gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill Mountain wine, total gauged, 121½ gallons Mountain wine, total wanting, 2½ gallons Mountain wine, received, 119 gallons Port wine, hogshead no. 6, gauged at 62 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill Port wine, received, 61 gallons James Powell, the storekeeper, signed the account at St Helena on 11 June 1770. Interpretations More than a hundred panes of window glass from the Harcourt were found broken, including 63 of the large 11 by 17-inch size. The warehouse had sold 163 small panes in the first quarter of 1770, and big panes were scarce and in demand for the better houses. A loss on this scale set back the glazing the Castle and the island's houses had been waiting for, by a full year until the next ship from England. The packages had arrived in good order, so the breakage was blamed on the London packers, not the ship. That was cold comfort on an island where a broken window stayed boarded until the next fleet arrived. The Harcourt was also short 39 single deals, 9 double deals and 6 wainscot boards. That was far more timber than the British King lacked. Imported timber was precious on St Helena, which grew almost none of its own. Whole deals do not shrink or leak, so their absence was a short delivery to be charged to the ship. The deals were perhaps used for repairs on the passage or sold at the Cape. | |
269 | 1770 We this Day Granted the two followg. Sets of Bills of Exchange, drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors vizt. One Set to Mr. Jonathan Doveton for £ 63 payable to Captain Richard Doveton (or Order) And One Set to Mr. Richard Goodwin for £ 126 14 6 payable to Captn. William Tryon (or Order) both drawn at Ninety Days sight John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The Council granted two sets of bills of exchange on the Court of Directors that day. Jonathan Doveton, 1 set payable to Captain Richard Doveton or his order, £63 0s 0d Richard Goodwin, 1 set payable to Captain William Tryon or his order, £126 14s 6d Both sets were payable ninety days after they were presented. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations Both bills paid captains who had already left the island. Richard Doveton had commanded the Glatton, and William Tryon the Deptford, which sold Cape cattle and sheep to the island for the garrison's fresh meat. The islanders settled their debts to departed commanders by bills payable in London, where the captains would collect the money on their return. Goodwin's £126 14s 6d to Tryon was probably the price of goods or livestock he had bought from the Deptford while she lay in the road. Jonathan Doveton's bill to Captain Doveton was probably a family remittance. The Dovetons served both in the island's establishment and as commanders of the Company's ships, so their money and their kinship crossed between the two. | |
270 | 16th June At a Consultation held on Saturday the 16th day of June 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 11th June 1770 Tuesday the 12th Sailed the Dane Ship Countess of Moltke for Copenhagen Wednesday the 13th Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Duke of Albany for England do. do. the Honble. Company's Ships British King and Harcourt for Bencoolen Yesterday died Mr. Isaac Knipe Planter Mr. Matthew Burling Reports that he has been on Board the Ship Devonshire to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Devonshire Matt. Hore Commander Daniel Clark Chief Mate John Moffatt Second do. David Mackay third do. George Gould fourth do. Saml. Cox fifth do. Edwd. Russell 6 do. Simon Grandy Surgeon Jno. Lance Purser Jno. Wilson Boatn. Jno. Lauder Gunner Jno. Rudd Carpentr. Robt. McDonald Surg. mate Jno. Jewell Ships Steward Jno. Clark Captns. do. Jno. Jones Sailor Jas. McFail Sailmaker Jno. Paxton Mid. & Coxn. Jas. Lloyd Midsh. Jno. Harbey do. Danl. Robertson Quart. Wm. Bitty do. Wm. Dunn do. Robt. Alexander do. Robt. Willis Boatn. 1 mate Jno. Braiden do. 2 do. Geo. Coyach Carpentr. 1 do. Thos. Pennock Armourer Edwd. Claridge Butr. Robt. Buchannan Ships Cook Isaac Blackburn Caulker John Bartholomew Capt. Cook Isaac Theobald Capt. Servt. Thos. Hore do. do. Jno. Dempster 1 Mates Servt. Geo. Girardot 2 do. do. Wm. Morris Surg. do. Jno. Elliott Boatn. do. Saml. Ward Carpentr. do. Jos. Bride Gunr. do. Jno. Mills Seaman Wm. Gibbs Jno. Lee Nichs. Smith Josh. Gary Jno. Dadforth Christ. Bremen Wm. Brown Corn. Berg Antn. Armstrong Geo. Slow | 16th June At a Consultation held on Saturday the 16th day of June 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 11th June 1770 Tuesday the 12th Sailed the Dane Ship Countess of Moltke for Copenhagen Wednesday the 13th Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Duke of Albany for England do. do. the Honble. Company's Ships British King and Harcourt for Bencoolen Yesterday died Mr. Isaac Knipe Planter Mr. Matthew Burling Reports that he has been on Board the Ship Devonshire to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Devonshire Matt. Hore Commander Daniel Clark Chief Mate John Moffatt Second do. David Mackay third do. George Gould fourth do. Saml. Cox fifth do. Edwd. Russell 6 do. Simon Grandy Surgeon Jno. Lance Purser Jno. Wilson Boatn. Jno. Lauder Gunner Jno. Rudd Carpentr. Robt. McDonald Surg. mate Jno. Jewell Ships Steward Jno. Clark Captns. do. Jno. Jones Sailor Jas. McFail Sailmaker Jno. Paxton Mid. & Coxn. Jas. Lloyd Midsh. Jno. Harbey do. Danl. Robertson Quart. Wm. Bitty do. Wm. Dunn do. Robt. Alexander do. Robt. Willis Boatn. 1 mate Jno. Braiden do. 2 do. Geo. Coyach Carpentr. 1 do. Thos. Pennock Armourer Edwd. Claridge Butr. Robt. Buchannan Ships Cook Isaac Blackburn Caulker John Bartholomew Capt. Cook Isaac Theobald Capt. Servt. Thos. Hore do. do. Jno. Dempster 1 Mates Servt. Geo. Girardot 2 do. do. Wm. Morris Surg. do. Jno. Elliott Boatn. do. Saml. Ward Carpentr. do. Jos. Bride Gunr. do. Jno. Mills Seaman Wm. Gibbs Jno. Lee Nichs. Smith Josh. Gary Jno. Dadforth Christ. Bremen Wm. Brown Corn. Berg Antn. Armstrong Geo. Slow | |
271 | 1770 Jo. Crutchard Seaman John Wesley Samuel Brow John Robinson Edwd. Holmes Jno. Lodge Jno. Ramsay Robt. Morehead Joseph Philkson Thos. Paris Edwd. Hughes Thos. Angus Wm. Forbes John Forster Wm. Ralston Joseph Evans John Maxwell Seaman Wm. Denney Wm. Allison Wm. Barry Wm. Byers Alexandr. Ewer James Orr Wm. Copsey Edwd. Bates John Ladd Alexand. Fox Wm. Philips John Lush Edwd. Eadles George Bruce Richd. Hudson Charles Binion Thos. Latham Seaman Geo. Blackiter Jno. Thompson Antonio Geredeet Joam Ignatio Richd. Wilkinson Joseph Waddle Richd. Mangin Michael Morgan John Coles John Griffiths Edwd. McGowen George Clarke Antonio Araugo John Oxley James Woodward (signed) Matt. Hore We this Day received the following Petition from Lieutenant Michael Frost To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor of the Island of St. Helena &c. in Council The humble Petition of Lieut. Michael Frost Sheweth That your Petitioner has served the Honble. Company in a Military Capacity twenty six Years the eleven last whereof he had the Honor to bear a Commission. That he is now through a Complication of Infirmities and the Total Loss of sight in one of his Eyes rendered perfectly incapable of Duty, he compelled by motives so absolute begs leave to address your Worship and the other Gentlemen of Council for Liberty to retire from Actual Service upon the half pay, and he hopes you'll please to favour him with your kind Condescension herein, and he will, as in duty bound ever pray &c.a | The Devonshire's muster roll ended with the following names. J. Critchard, seaman John Woolley, seaman Samuel Brow, seaman John Robinson, seaman Edward Halms, seaman John Lodge, seaman John Ramsay, seaman Robert Morehead, seaman Joseph Phillipson, seaman Thomas Paris, seaman Edward Hughes, seaman Thomas Angus, seaman William Forbes, seaman John Forster, seaman William Ralphson, seaman Joseph Evans, seaman John Maxwell, seaman William Denney, seaman William Allison, seaman William Barry, seaman William Byers, seaman Alexander Ewer, seaman James Orr, seaman William Cropsey, seaman Edward Betts, seaman John Ladd, seaman Alexander Fox, seaman William Philips, seaman John Lush, seaman Edward Eadles, seaman George Bruce, seaman Richard Hudson, seaman Charles Binion, seaman Thomas Latham, seaman George Blackiter, seaman John Thompson, seaman Antonio Geredet, seaman Juan Ignatie, seaman Richard Wilkinson, seaman Joseph Waddle, seaman Richard Mangen, seaman Michael Morgan, seaman John Coles, seaman John Griffiths, seaman Edward McGowen, seaman George Clarke, seaman Antonio Rosaugs, seaman John Oxley, seaman James Woodward, seaman Matthew Hore signed the roll. The Council received a petition that day from Lieutenant Michael Frost, addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council. Frost stated that he had served the Company as a soldier for 26 years, the last 11 of them holding a commission. A combination of illnesses, and the complete loss of sight in one eye, had left him wholly unfit for duty. He therefore asked the Council's leave to retire from active service on half pay. Interpretations Frost's petition followed a route the Company already used to retire officers without discharging them. Robert Gibson of the Artillery Company drew half pay on the list for the quarter to 31 March 1770, keeping half his pay, diet money and house rent. Half pay was the officer's form of pension. It kept a man on the establishment, available if needed, at half the cost. It also freed his lieutenancy for promotion from below. Frost had risen from the ranks over 26 years, a long career for a garrison where discharges and deaths came every month. As first lieutenant of the Second Company, he drew £36 14s 4½d a quarter. On half pay he would keep enough to live on the island, which was probably now home, rather than take a passage to an England he had left a quarter of a century before. | |
272 | 16th June Having taken the above Petition into Consideration, and knowing from his Age and Infirmities, that he has not been able for some time past to do [...] Duty and from his present blindness, and excessive weakness from a Complication of Disorders, renders him incapable hereafter from any further Duty for which reasons we have been Obliged entirely to strike him off the Duty Roll, and have put him upon the same half pay as Lieut. Sampell, as he has no other support but his Commission in the Honble. Company's Service. We this Day Granted the following two Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors vizt. One Set to Captn. Richd. Beale for twenty pounds payable to the Revd. Mr. William Lee, (or Order) And one Set to Captn. Henry Bazett for sixty pounds payable to Miss Mary Bazett (or Order) both drawn at Ninety days sight John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The Council considered Lieutenant Frost's petition. Because of his age and infirmities, he had been unable to do his duty for some time. His blindness and great weakness, caused by a combination of disorders, made him unfit for any further service. The Council therefore struck him off the duty roll altogether. It placed him on the same half pay as Lieutenant Sampell, since his commission in the Company's service was his only means of support. The Council granted two sets of bills of exchange on the Court of Directors that day. Captain Richard Beale, 1 set payable to the Reverend William Lee or his order, £20 0s 0d Captain Henry Bazett, 1 set payable to Mrs Mary Bazett or her order, £60 0s 0d Both sets were payable ninety days after they were presented. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The Council granted half pay on its own authority, citing the one precedent it had. Nathan Sampell appeared on the pension list for the quarter to 31 March 1770 at £13 15s 11d. That was almost exactly half a first lieutenant's quarterly pay of £27 7s 6d, so Sampell was an old officer retired on half pay in the same way. The Council could have discharged Frost and sent him home with a passage, as it did with invalid soldiers. It kept him instead, noting that he had no other means of support. A blind, sick man of over 26 years' service would have had nothing to go back to in England. Following the Sampell precedent gave the Court a case it had already accepted. The Directors would be less likely to overturn the decision when the packet reached London. Henry Bazett's bill of £60 to Mrs Mary Bazett was perhaps money sent to a wife or mother in England. Like many of the island's families, the Bazetts had relatives at home. Their officers sent money back through the Company's treasury, and the treasury gained coin from every bill. | |
273 | 18th June At a Consultation held on Monday the 18th day of June 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Mattw. Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 16th June 1770 Yesterday passed by a Ship at a great Distance do. Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Devonshire for England There being no coarse Long Cloth in the Stores for Clothing the Honorable Company's Women Slaves we have been obliged to purchase Twenty Pieces of Anjengo Long Cloth at thirty Shillings pr. Piece for their immediate use and in case the Anson does not bring Us an Assortment of such Cloths shall be under the necessity of purchasing more of the said Cloth for the above Purpose. Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of May last which is as follows vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 18 June 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 16 June 1770 were read, approved and signed. A ship passed the island far out to sea on Sunday 17 June. The Company's ship Devonshire sailed for England the same day. The stores held no coarse long cloth for clothing the Company's women slaves. The Council had therefore bought 20 pieces of Anjengo long cloth, at 30s 0d a piece, for immediate use. If the Anson did not bring an assortment of such cloth, the Council would have to buy more of the same kind for this purpose. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for May. Interpretations The Council paid well above its usual price rather than leave the women slaves unclothed until a Company ship arrived. Anjengo was the Company's small factory on the Malabar coast of south-west India, known for its cotton cloth and pepper. The 20 pieces were probably bought from the private trade of an officer on one of the homeward ships. At 30s a piece they cost more than the coarsest Madras long cloth the Council had ordered on 22 May 1770, priced at 2½ pagodas, or about 20s. The obvious course was to wait for the Anson, which was expected with the Company's own cloth. The Council chose to pay a premium so that it could clothe the women at once. It also left itself the option of buying more if the Anson's cargo proved short. The purchase shows that the Company clothed its women slaves separately and from its own stores. Clothing the slaves was a cost of ownership, recorded in the slaves' account in the first quarter of 1770 in chelloe, osnaburg and canvas. With the stores empty, the women had gone without until the Council acted. | |
274 | Cash Dr. 1770 May 1st To Balance remaining £ 10598 3 7 To Ship Royal Charlotte 13 15 8 14 To Ship Lioness 13 2 23 To Ship Osterly 7 5 To Ship Earl of Ashburnham 8 2 8 28th To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to Mr. Willm. Alexander 307 17 4 30th To Ship Britannia 7 5 To Ship Norfolk 7 13 9 £ 10962 19 10 Per Contra Cr. 1770 May 31st By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 10423 4 10 In Cash Notes 539 15 10962 19 10 £ 10962 19 10 Margin Notes: 18th June | The Council's count of the Company's cash for May 1770 produced the following account. Debit 1 May 1770, balance remaining, £10,598 0s 3d 7 May 1770, received from the Royal Charlotte, £13 15s 3d. 14 May 1770, received from the Lioness, £13 0s 2d. 23 May 1770, received from the Osterley, £7 5s 0d. 23 May 1770, received from the Earl of Ashburnham, £8 2s 8d. 28 May 1770, bill of exchange on the Court of Directors payable to William Alexander, £307 17s 4d 30 May 1770, received from the Britannia, £7 5s 0d. 30 May 1770, received from the Norfolk, £7 13s 9d. Total, £10,962 19s 10d Credit 31 May 1770, balance remaining in coin, £10,423 4s 10d 31 May 1770, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,962 19s 10d Total, £10,962 19s 10d | |
275 | 1770 The Petition of the Church Wardens and Committee for building a School House as entered in Consultation of the 21st of May now laying before Us for further Consideration, and on considering the nature of said Petition. We are of opinion that no other Ground can be found so convenient as that set forth in their Petition for that purpose, and as there can be no other obstacle to our granting them the same but a Slaughter House now standing upon the Premisses. We therefore have thought it expedient to remove the said Slaughter House and have given Orders accordingly. We have further agreed to assist them in carrying the said School House into immediate execution as the want of Timber for that purpose can only be had out of the Honble. Company's Stores for which reason we have ordered them to lay before Us an Estimate of the above wants in order that we may Judge how far we can in reason comply with them and provide in some time for the wants of the Honble. Company's Civil & Military Buildings. We have further considered the Mode of granting the parish the said Land and are of opinion that the Utility of the Measure, the Stability of its Duration and the Expences of Erecting the Building thereupon being the Joint Property of the Inhabitants renders it necessary to confirm them the said Land by a deed in consideration of the Parishes paying forty Shillings Sterling to the Honble. Company. We this day received the following Letter from Captain Tippet vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of the Island of St. Helena Gentlemen I take the liberty to acquaint you that, I am extreamly sorry to find that I am Ordered to do duty with the Captains of the Infantry, I beg leave to acquaint your Honors that as I have a great deal of Work in my hands as Engineer, and think myself obliged to carry on the works with the greatest Expedition. I find it almost Impossible to do my duty with the Infantry and mind my Duty | The Council took up again the petition of the churchwardens and the school committee, entered on 21 May 1770. It found that no other ground would suit the purpose as well as the site the petition proposed. The only obstacle was the slaughterhouse then standing there. The Council decided it was best to move the slaughterhouse and gave orders to that end. The Council also agreed to help the committee build the school at once. Timber could be had only from the Company's stores, so it ordered the committee to send in an estimate of what it needed. The Council could then judge how far it could meet the request while still supplying the Company's own civil and military buildings. The Council then considered how the land should be granted to the parish. The school would serve a useful purpose and was meant to last, and the building would be paid for by the inhabitants and belong to them jointly. For those reasons the Council judged it necessary to convey the land to them by deed. In return the parish would pay the Company 40s 0d. The Council received a letter that day from Captain Tippet, addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council. Tippet regretted being ordered to do duty alongside the infantry captains. He had a great deal of work in hand as engineer and believed he must press on with the works as fast as possible. He found it almost impossible to do his duty with the infantry and attend to his work as engineer at the same time. Interpretations The Council had put off its answer to the school petition on 21 May 1770. It now gave the committee more than it had asked for. The committee had asked only to be allowed the slaughterhouse site. A grant by leave of the Council would have been the usual course, since the Company owned all the land and let it out on terms it could change. The Council chose a deed of conveyance instead, for a token 40s 0d. Its reasons were set down plainly. The school was a lasting public good, and the inhabitants were paying to build it. A school built on land held only by the Council's leave could be taken back by a later Governor, and the parish's investment with it. A deed gave the parish a secure title that no future Council could withdraw, which encouraged the settlers to pay for a solid building. Tippet's letter shows the strain on the island's officers. He had arrived as captain of artillery and was also acting as engineer, in charge of the demi-bastion, the Lemon Valley walls and the survey of the guns. Being placed on the infantry duty roster as well meant taking his turn at guards, parades and courts martial alongside the company captains. Each of those duties took time from the building work. That work was costing over £300 a quarter in labour alone, and every day of delay added to it. | |
276 | 18th June Duty as Engineer, therefore Gentlemen, as there never was a Precedent of this kind of an Engineer doing duty with the Infantry I hope your Honors will take it into your Consideration, and as Mr. Mitchell was allowed a Horse and one of the Slaves, I hope your goodness will let me have the like Indulgence. I have the Honor to be Gentlemen Your most Obliged & Obedient humble Servant (signed) St. Helena 18th June 1770 James Tippet In consequence of the above Letter we sent for Captain Tippet and explained to him that he had been Ordered to do his Tour of Duty, as Captain in this Garrison on Account of there being but three other Gentlemen to act in that Station, and because we were well convinced his Employment as Engineer could not so interfere as to prevent his Tour of duty as Captn. of the Week more particularly as he has the Assistance of a Superintendant, especially as the Works now carrying on lay so near the Valley, were the duty of Captains of the Week (instead of Field Officers of the day) rendered his presence more immediately necessary and at the same time mentioned to Capt. Tippet instances where Engineers in his Majesty's Service in Garrison had been ordered both to Act as such and to do their duty in the Regiments they belonged to according to the Rank they held, yet should any unforeseen circumstance render his presence with the Works longer than usual on his application and mentioning such intervening circumstances to the Governor he would Order another Captain to take the Task for him during that period. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | Tippet ended his letter by stating that no engineer had ever before been required to do duty with the infantry. He asked the Council to take this into account. His predecessor, Mr Mitchell, had been allowed a horse and one of the Company's slaves, and Tippet hoped to be given the same allowance. He signed the letter at St Helena on 18 June 1770. The Council sent for Captain Tippet and explained its decision. He had been ordered to take his turn of duty as a captain because only three other officers in the garrison held that rank. The Council was satisfied that his work as engineer need not stop him serving his week as captain, all the more because he had a superintendent to help him. The works then in progress lay close to James's Valley. The captain of the week did his duty there, in place of a field officer of the day, so the two duties were in the same place. The Council also pointed out that engineers in the King's service, when stationed in a garrison, had been ordered both to act as engineers and to do regimental duty according to their rank. If some unexpected need kept him at the works longer than usual, he could apply to the Governor, who would order another captain to take his turn. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The Council answered Tippet's argument from precedent with a precedent of its own. He had claimed that no engineer had ever done infantry duty. The Council replied that engineers in the King's own army did exactly that in garrison. The deciding reason, though, was the number of officers. With only three other captains on the island, losing one from the roster meant each of the rest stood duty every third week instead of every fourth. Excusing the newly arrived engineer would have put the burden on the Beales, Bazetts and Howards who had served for years. The Council kept him on the roster but promised relief whenever the works truly needed him. That kept the rule while leaving room to bend it. The Council said nothing at all about Tippet's request for a horse and a slave. Mr Mitchell, the previous engineer, had enjoyed both. The Council could have granted them without cost to its principle. Its silence suggests it was unwilling to treat Tippet's post as a distinct office with its own perquisites. That was the very claim on which he had based his refusal of infantry duty. | |
277 | 25th June At a Consultation held on Monday the 25th day of June 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated 18th June 1770 Thomas Harper this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Governor and Council &c. The humble Petition of Thomas Harper Sheweth That your Petitioner being desirous of disposing of the House wherein he now dwells humbly begs your Worships permission for liberty thereof and your Petitioner as in duty bound ever pray. St. Helena 25th June 1770 Granted The Executors to the last Will and Testament of Mr. Isaac Knipe deceased, this day presented the said Will desiring the same might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto, the Will is as follows vizt. In the Name of God Amen I Isaac Knipe of the Island St. Helena being Sick and Weak of Body but of sound Mind Memory and Understanding do make and Publish this my last Will and Testament. First I recommend my Soul to my Maker my body I commit to the Earth to be decently buried at the discretion of my Executors hereafter mentioned, my Worldly Effects I give devise and bequeath in the manner and form following | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 25 June 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 18 June 1770 were read, approved and signed. Thomas Harper presented a petition, dated 25 June 1770, to the Governor and Council. He wished to sell the house he lived in and asked the Council's leave to do so. The Council granted it. The executors of Isaac Knipe, who had died on 15 June 1770, presented his will and asked for it to be proved. The witnesses swore to it on oath, and the will was proved. It read as follows. Isaac Knipe of St Helena made his will while sick and weak in body but of sound mind, memory and understanding. He commended his soul to his Maker. He directed that his body be decently buried as his executors thought fit. He then disposed of his worldly goods as follows. | |
278 | 25th June Imprimis I give to my Son Samuel as a Legacy one Man Slave named Frank and one Girl Slave named Doll. Item I give to my Son Richard as a Legacy one Man Slave named Tom and one Boy Slave named Billy. Item I give to my Daughter Mary as a Legacy one Girl Slave named Christian and one other Girl Slave named Fanny. Item I give to my Daughter Kitty as a Legacy one Woman Slave named Prance and also two Girl Slaves one named Patt the other named Nancy. Item I give to my Daughter Flora as a Legacy one Woman Slave named Pegg and one Girl Slave named Patty. Item I Order and direct that all the Legacys be separately valued and every one of my Children have an equal part therein. Item I give unto my Sons Samuel and Richard the Refusal of all my Lands both Freehold and Leasehold with the Houses thereon with the Yams also at valuation to be equally divided between them paying the rest of my Children an equal part or Dividend not to be distressed paying my three Daughters as soon as it shall suit their conveniency. Item The rest and residue of my Estate be it of what kind soever, after my Debts and Funeral Expences are paid I give to be equally divided amongst all my Children being first sold at Public Auction and the Mony arising from the said Auction to be equally divided amongst all my Children, Namely Samuel, Richard, Mary, Kitty and Flora. Lastly I Nominate Constitute and Appoint Lieut. Thomas Bazett and my Sons Samuel and Richard Knipe Executors to this my last Will and Testament Utterly revoking and disanulling all former Wills heretofore made by me Ratifying and Confirming this my last Will and | Knipe first left legacies of slaves to each of his five children. Samuel Knipe, his son: a man named Frank and a girl named Doll Richard Knipe, his son: a man named Tom and a boy named Billy Mary Knipe, his daughter: a girl named Christian and a girl named Fanny Kitty Knipe, his daughter: a woman named Prance and two girls named Patt and Nancy Flora Knipe, his daughter: a woman named Pegg and a girl named Kitty He directed that each legacy be valued separately and that every child receive an equal share. He gave his sons Samuel and Richard the first refusal of all his land, freehold and leasehold, with the houses on it and the yam grounds. They were to take it at a valuation and divide it equally between them. In return they were to pay his other children an equal share of its value. They were not to be pressed for payment, and were to pay their three sisters as soon as they could conveniently do so. The rest of his estate, of every kind, was to be sold at public auction once his debts and funeral expenses were paid. The money raised was to be divided equally among all his children: Samuel, Richard, Mary, Kitty and Flora. He named Lieutenant Thomas Bazett and his sons Samuel and Richard Knipe as his executors. He revoked all earlier wills and confirmed this one as his last. Interpretations Knipe treated his slaves in the opposite way to John Desfountain, whose will was proved on 11 June 1770. Desfountain had divided his slaves among his children "not to be valued", so that each child simply kept those named. Knipe had them valued and set against each child's share, because the legacies were unequal. Kitty received three slaves while her brothers and sisters received two each. A grown man such as Frank or Tom was worth far more than a girl. Valuing each legacy let the executors even out the differences in cash from the residue, so that every child received the same total. Slaves were treated in law as property that could be measured, and the will turned each person named into a sum in the family's accounts. The yam grounds were passed on with the land as part of its value. Yams were grown on the island as the staple food of slaves, alongside imported rice. A plantation's yam grounds fed its labour force, and a farm without them would have had to buy rice from the Company's warehouse at a marked-up price. Leaving the land and yam grounds together gave the two sons a holding that could feed its own slaves. The daughters received their shares in cash, as Orlando Bagley and John Desfountain had also arranged for theirs. | |
279 | 1770 Testament. In Witness I have hereunto put my hand and Seal this third day of May In the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Seventy. (signed) Isaac Knipe Signed Sealed published by the s. Testator Isaac Knipe to be his last Will and Testament in the presence of Us (signed) John Scott T. Colgrave Having taken into consideration the present state of the Fortifications and finding that Mundens Point will in all probability be finished before the expiration of next Quarter, and Lemon Valley and the East Bastion of James's Valley excepting clearing the Water Course of the former and laying the Platforms of the latter now compleated, there remains nothing further to do for the defence of the Leward Coast so far as Lemon Valley but the alteration of the West Bastion of this Valley and walling up Gulleys which works we are under a necessity of postponing until the Year 1771 on account of making an Addition to the Barracks The Barracks as they now stand contain only two hundred Men and those prodigiously crouded so that had it not been the necessity we were under of allowing those Men employed at the Works to lay out of their Barracks we should not have been able to have provided lodging for more than two thirds of the establishment, consequently the present Addition of this Years Recruits with what we may expect next Year, are the indispensable motives that have Urged Us to the immediate execution of that Work and have given Orders to the Engineer to build an Additional Square to the Old one that the whole may contain five hundred Men with Apartments for eight Officers as originally intended by Mr. Hutchinson tho never carried into execution further than preparing a great deal of the Carpenters Work which have been lying in Store since that period. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | Knipe signed and sealed the will on 3 May 1770. John Scott and J. Colgrave witnessed it. The Council then reviewed the state of the fortifications. Munden's Point would probably be finished before the end of the next quarter. Lemon Valley and the east bastion in James's Valley were complete, apart from clearing the watercourse at Lemon Valley and laying the gun platforms on the bastion. Nothing more was needed to defend the leeward coast as far as Lemon Valley except altering the west bastion in James's Valley and walling up the gullies. The Council decided to put off those works until 177[...] in order to enlarge the barracks. As they stood, the barracks held only 200 men, and those were badly crowded. The men working on the fortifications had been allowed to sleep outside the barracks. Without that, the barracks could not have housed more than two-thirds of the garrison. This year's recruits, and those expected next year, made it essential to build at once. The Council therefore ordered the engineer to add a second square to the old one, so that the whole would hold 500 men and have quarters for eight officers. That had been Mr Hutchinson's original plan. It had never gone further than preparing a large quantity of carpentry, which had been lying in store ever since. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The Council halted its defensive programme to house the men who manned it. Walling up the gullies and rebuilding the west bastion was the obvious next step, since every earlier order had pushed the defences forward. The Council chose barracks instead, and the reason is plain in the record. Some 300 men had nowhere to sleep. The men on the works were sleeping wherever they could near the sites, which made it impossible to muster or discipline them. The garrison was also about to grow. The British King and Harcourt had landed 95 recruits that spring, and more were expected. A crowded barracks bred fever and disorder, and the island's death roll that season showed the cost. Without the barracks the new forts could not be properly manned. Mr Hutchinson's carpentry had lain in store for years because a previous Governor had planned the barracks and never built them. Using that timber now meant the Council could start without waiting for deals from England. That mattered on an island where the Harcourt had just arrived 39 single deals short. Building the second square to the old plan also spared the Council from arguing the design afresh with the Court. It could present the work as finishing a scheme the Directors had already approved. | |
280 | 2d. July At a Consultation held on Monday the 2d. day of July 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 25th June 1770 This Morning Adam Watson Sergeant of Artillery was found dead in the Water Run supposed to have fallen over the Wall last Night and killed himself The Widow and Executors this day produced an Inventory of the Effects of Mr. Richard Beale Senr. deceased appraised by Messrs. Richard Bagley and Benjamin Mason who being duly Sworn that they Valued the same to the best of their Judgments, and the Widow that she produced every Article, it was Ordered to be Registered. We this day received the following Letter from Captn. Tippet vizt. To the Worshl. Jno. Skottowe Esqr. Govr. & Council of the Island St. Helena Gentlemen I have the Honor to acquaint you that the Workmen were Employed last Quarter at Lemon Valley, Mundens Point and preparing Embrasure Stones at the Quarry. I intend this Quarter finishing at Lemon Valley, and Mundens Point, and with your permission Carrying with all Expedition the Barracks. I am Gentlemen Your most Obligd. Hble. Servant (signed) St. Helena 2d. July 1770 James Tippet | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 2 July 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 25 June 1770 were read, approved and signed. Adam Watson, a sergeant of artillery, was found dead in the Water Run that morning. He was thought to have fallen over the wall during the night and been killed. The widow and executors of Richard Beale senior produced an inventory of his effects. Richard Bagley and Benjamin Mason had valued them, and they swore that they had done so to the best of their judgement. The widow swore that she had produced every item. The Council ordered the inventory to be registered. The Council received a letter from Captain Tippet, dated at St Helena on 2 July 1770. During the past quarter the workmen had been employed at Lemon Valley and Munden's Point and in preparing embrasure stones at the quarry. In the coming quarter he meant to finish Lemon Valley and Munden's Point. With the Council's permission, he would then build the barracks as quickly as possible. Interpretations The inventory of Richard Beale senior came almost nine months after his death on 7 October 1769. The Council required two sworn appraisers and an oath from the widow. That double check protected his creditors and children from any concealment of goods before the estate was divided. The widow was probably the Mary Beale who drew a pension of £7 10s 0d a quarter on the list to 31 March 1770. A woman living on a Company pension, with her husband's estate still unsettled, had good reason to account for every article. Richard Bagley and Benjamin Mason were now acting as appraisers too. Between them they had served as executor, nominee for sheriff and appraiser for three estates in three months, and were among the few men trusted to value the island's property. Adam Watson had been one of the Artillery Company's four sergeants, paid £9 0s 0d a quarter. The Water Run was the channel that carried the island's water supply down James's Valley, walled along its course through the town. A fall over its wall in the dark could easily kill a man. The garrison now lost an experienced gunnery sergeant just as Tippet was asking for every man he could get for the barracks and the batteries. | |
281 | 1770 We gave Captn. Tippet directions to compleat Mundens Point with all possible Expedition, and to go on with levelling the Ground for Erecting the Barracks, as Lemon Valley is now compleated, except the inconsiderable Work of clearing the Water Course Upon Captn. Mitchells leaving the Island being at a loss for a proper person to take Charge of the Artillery Company as we mentioned last Year in a letter to the Court of Directors that the Eldest Lieutenant of that Company was a very unfit Person for that purpose, We appointed Lieut. Thos. Bazett to the charge of said Company until the vacancy was filled up with a promise at same time of making him some consideration for his trouble which we omitted at that time to mention, and on his present application to Us of our promise we have agreed to make him an Allowance of thirty Pounds which we think Adequate to the extraordinary trouble. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The Council told Captain Tippet to finish Munden's Point as quickly as possible and to go on levelling the ground for the barracks. Lemon Valley was now complete except for the minor work of clearing the watercourse. When Captain Mitchell left the island, the Council had been at a loss for a suitable officer to take charge of the Artillery Company. As it had told the Court of Directors in a letter the year before, the company's senior lieutenant was quite unfit for the post. The Council had therefore put Lieutenant Thomas Bazett in charge of the company until the vacancy was filled, promising at the time to reward him for the extra work. That promise had not been entered in the minutes. Bazett now reminded the Council of it, and the Council agreed to pay him £30 0s 0d, which it judged a fair return for his trouble. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The Council passed over the artillery's own senior officer to put an infantry lieutenant in command. The obvious choice when Captain Mitchell left was Thomas Leach, first lieutenant of the Artillery Company, who stood next in line. The Council chose Thomas Bazett instead, a lieutenant of the Third Company and superintendent of the works. It had already told the Court that Leach was quite unfit for the charge. Promotion by seniority was the rule in the Company's service. Breaking it needed a reason the Directors would accept, which explains why the Council had put its judgement of Leach in writing a year in advance. It is perhaps also why Leach was among the officers summoned on 9 May 1770 to hear the Court's orders, when the packets brought Captain Tippet out to fill the post. The £30 to Bazett settled a promise made out of the record. The Council admitted it had failed to minute the undertaking at the time. Without an entry, the Court could have refused the payment as unauthorised. Entering it now, with the reason, gave the Directors a full account. It also kept faith with an officer who had run the artillery, the works and the April gun account for most of a year on a lieutenant's pay. | |
282 | 9th July At a Consultation held on Monday the 9th day of July 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Governor Mr. Mattw. Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 2d. July 1770 Captn. Richard Beale this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Richard Beale Sheweth That your Petitioner hath a Lease Expired for a Small piece of Ground lying in James's Valley, he requests your Worships and Council will be pleased to Grant him a renewal of the same And yr. Petitioner will ever Pray (signed) 9th July 1770 Richd. Beale Granted Nicholas Hoxton Sergeant this day Petitioned for his discharge from the Garrison, having served the Honble. Company his Contracted time. Granted The Plantation Account for the Quarter and the Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of June last were this day laid before Us which were examined and approved of, and are as follows vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 9 July 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 2 July 1770 were read, approved and signed. Captain Richard Beale presented a petition, dated 9 July 1770, to the Governor and Council. His lease of a small piece of ground in James's Valley had run out, and he asked for it to be renewed. The Council granted the request. Nicholas Heeton, a sergeant, asked to be discharged from the garrison because he had served his full term with the Company. The Council granted his request. The plantation account for the quarter, and the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for June, were then laid before the Council. The Council examined and approved them, and they were entered as follows. Interpretations The Artillery Company lost two of its four sergeants within a week. Adam Watson was found dead in the Water Run on 2 July 1770, and Nicholas Heeton took his discharge on 9 July. Both had been paid £9 0s 0d a quarter, the premium the Company paid for skill with the guns. The Council could not refuse Heeton, because a man whose term had expired had a right to leave. It was letting go a trained gunnery sergeant at the moment Captain Tippet was rearming the batteries and the Council had ordered 34 new gun carriages from Bombay. The vacancies would have to be filled by promoting corporals and bombardiers, as the infantry companies had done after the March discharges. Captain Beale's renewal shows how the Company's leases worked in James Town. Land in the valley was let for fixed terms, and each renewal had to come before the Council. That gave the Council a regular hold over every householder, officers included, and a chance to change the terms or take back ground it needed. The school site and the planned barracks extension were both in the same crowded valley. | |
283 | 1770 Account of the Honble. Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c.a from the 1st of April to the 30th of June 1770 Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses, Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese Remaining the 1st April: Neat Cattle Bulls 6, Neat Cattle Cows 132, Neat Cattle Calves 78, Neat Cattle Yearlings 81, Neat Cattle Heifers 45, Neat Cattle Steers 81, Neat Cattle Oxen 22, Neat Cattle Total 445, Sheep Ewes 409, Sheep Weathers 194, Sheep Lambs 22, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 639, Goats Ewes 176, Goats Weathers 60, Goats Kids 12, Goats Rams 10, Goats Total 258, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 7, Hogs Pigs 8, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 21, Horses 6, Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 86, Poultry Ducks 36, Poultry Turkeys 12, Poultry Geese 8 Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 18, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 18, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 101, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 101, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 19, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 19, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 5, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 5, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 29, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 1 Received the 11th May: Neat Cattle Bulls 2, Neat Cattle Cows 1, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 3, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 0, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 0, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 0, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 8, Neat Cattle Cows 133, Neat Cattle Calves 96, Neat Cattle Yearlings 81, Neat Cattle Heifers 45, Neat Cattle Steers 81, Neat Cattle Oxen 22, Neat Cattle Total 466, Sheep Ewes 409, Sheep Weathers 194, Sheep Lambs 123, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 740, Goats Ewes 176, Goats Weathers 60, Goats Kids 31, Goats Rams 10, Goats Total 277, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 7, Hogs Pigs 13, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 26, Horses 6, Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 115, Poultry Ducks 36, Poultry Turkeys 12, Poultry Geese 9 Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 3, Neat Cattle Calves 3, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 22, Neat Cattle Oxen 2, Neat Cattle Total 30, Sheep Ewes 16, Sheep Weathers 56, Sheep Lambs 15, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 87, Goats Ewes 7, Goats Weathers 10, Goats Kids 6, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 23, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 1, Hogs Pigs 6, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 7, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 36, Poultry Ducks 24, Poultry Turkeys 5, Poultry Geese 0 A Present to Govr. Bourchier: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 0, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 10, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 10, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 0, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 0, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 1, Neat Cattle Cows 6, Neat Cattle Calves 28, Neat Cattle Yearlings 29, Neat Cattle Heifers 2, Neat Cattle Steers 8, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 74, Sheep Ewes 10, Sheep Weathers 31, Sheep Lambs 6, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 47, Goats Ewes 6, Goats Weathers 9, Goats Kids 10, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 25, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 3, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 11, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 1 Remaining the 30th June: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 124, Neat Cattle Calves 65, Neat Cattle Yearlings 52, Neat Cattle Heifers 43, Neat Cattle Steers 51, Neat Cattle Oxen 20, Neat Cattle Total 362, Sheep Ewes 383, Sheep Weathers 97, Sheep Lambs 102, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 596, Goats Ewes 163, Goats Weathers 41, Goats Kids 15, Goats Rams 10, Goats Total 229, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 7, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 16, Horses 6, Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 68, Poultry Ducks 12, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 8 One Slave Born named Jacob One do. do. do. Tilla One Slave deceased named Cain Yam Expended for the Slaves 30 8 40 lb. Yam Expended for the Stock 12 6 40 Errors Excepted (signed) Danl. Corneille Margin Notes: 1770 | The Company's stock of cattle and other animals from 1 April to 30 June 1770 was recorded as follows. Remaining on 1 April, cattle: 6 bulls, 132 cows, 78 calves, 81 yearlings, 45 heifers, 81 steers, 22 oxen, total 445 Remaining on 1 April, sheep: 409 ewes, 194 wethers, 22 lambs, 14 rams, total 639 Remaining on 1 April, goats: 176 ewes, 60 wethers, 12 kids, 10 rams, total 258 Remaining on 1 April, hogs: 5 sows, 7 shoats, 8 pigs, 1 boar, total 21 Remaining on 1 April, horses: 6 horses, 6 mares, total 12 Remaining on 1 April, poultry: 86 fowls, 36 ducks, 12 turkeys, 8 geese Increase, cattle: 18 calves, total 18 Increase, sheep: 101 lambs, total 101 Increase, goats: 19 kids, total 19 Increase, hogs: 5 pigs, total 5 Increase, poultry: 29 fowls, 1 goose Received on 11 May, cattle: 2 bulls, 1 cow, total 3 Total, cattle: 8 bulls, 133 cows, 96 calves, 81 yearlings, 45 heifers, 81 steers, 22 oxen, total 466 Total, sheep: 409 ewes, 194 wethers, 123 lambs, 14 rams, total 740 Total, goats: 176 ewes, 60 wethers, 31 kids, 10 rams, total 277 Total, hogs: 5 sows, 7 shoats, 13 pigs, 1 boar, total 26 Total, horses: 6 horses, 6 mares, total 12 Total, poultry: 115 fowls, 36 ducks, 12 turkeys, 9 geese Killed, cattle: 0 bulls, 3 cows, 3 calves, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 22 steers, 2 oxen, total 30 Killed, sheep: 16 ewes, 56 wethers, 15 lambs, 0 rams, total 87 Killed, goats: 7 ewes, 10 wethers, 6 kids, 0 rams, total 23 Killed, hogs: 0 sows, 1 shoat, 6 pigs, 0 boars, total 7 Killed, poultry: 36 fowls, 24 ducks, 5 turkeys, 0 geese Given to Governor Bourchier, sheep: 10 wethers, total 10 Died, cattle: 1 bull, 6 cows, 28 calves, 29 yearlings, 2 heifers, 8 steers, 0 oxen, total 74 Died, sheep: 10 ewes, 31 wethers, 6 lambs, 0 rams, total 47 Died, goats: 6 ewes, 9 wethers, 10 kids, 0 rams, total 25 Died, hogs: 0 sows, 3 shoats, 0 pigs, 0 boars, total 3 Died, poultry: 11 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 turkeys, 1 goose Remaining on 30 June, cattle: 7 bulls, 124 cows, 65 calves, 52 yearlings, 43 heifers, 51 steers, 20 oxen, total 362 Remaining on 30 June, sheep: 383 ewes, 97 wethers, 102 lambs, 14 rams, total 596 Remaining on 30 June, goats: 163 ewes, 41 wethers, 15 kids, 10 rams, total 229 Remaining on 30 June, hogs: 5 sows, 3 shoats, 7 pigs, 1 boar, total 16 Remaining on 30 June, horses: 6 horses, 6 mares, total 12 Remaining on 30 June, poultry: 68 fowls, 12 ducks, 7 turkeys, 8 geese Slaves born: 1, named Jacob Slaves born: 1, named Tilla Slaves died: 1, named Cain Yams used for the slaves, 30 [...] 8 [...] 40 lb Yams used for the stock, 12 [...] 6 [...] 40 lb Daniel Corneille signed the account with errors excepted. Interpretations The Company's herd shrank badly over the quarter. On 31 March 1770 it stood at 445 head of cattle, and by 30 June only 362 remained. Slaughter accounted for 30 of the losses, but 74 animals simply died. Most of the dead were young stock: 28 calves and 29 yearlings. The quarter covered the island's autumn and early winter, when the pastures stopped growing and the high ground turned cold and wet. Young animals with little reserve died first. The losses fell on the very stock that was meant to replace the steers being killed for the garrison's fresh-meat issue, begun on 13 October 1769. Twenty-two steers went to the butcher that quarter, against 16 in the quarter before, while 29 yearlings that would have become steers died. That explains the Council's refusal on 11 April 1770 to give Captain Hardwicke his full charter allowance of beef. The herds could not feed the garrison and every passing ship at once, and they were already falling behind. The sheep told a similar story. The flock gained 101 lambs in the season but lost 87 killed and 47 dead, so it ended smaller than it began. Wethers, the castrated males kept for meat, fell from 194 to 97 in three months. Much of that mutton went to the Castle table, which used 232 lb in April and 271 lb in May, while former governors Verelst and Bourchier were being entertained. Ten wethers were also given outright to Governor Bourchier, probably as live sea stock for his voyage home in the Britannia. The Company's flock paid for the island's hospitality, and the account shows the cost in the falling count of wethers. The plantation account recorded slaves alongside cattle and poultry, as part of the Company's stock. The births of Jacob and Tilla and the death of Cain appeared below the tally of animals. The yams grown on the plantation went both to feed the slaves and to feed the livestock. Daniel Corneille signed the account because, as Lieutenant Governor, he had charge of the Company's farms. | |
284 | 9th July Artillery Stores expended in June 1770 Guns fired, 24 lbs, 9 lbs, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder expended lb., Powder expended oz 1 Guns fired to Salute Govr. Bourchier going on board: Guns fired 19, 24 lbs 2, 9 lbs 1, 6 lbs 16, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 43, Powder expended oz 0 Departed the Britannia & Norfolk: Guns fired 22, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 22, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 33, Powder expended oz 0 2 Departed a Dutch Ship: Guns fired 13, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 13, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 19, Powder expended oz 8 3 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz 0 Arrived a Dane Ship: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz 8 4 Guns fired to Celeb. his Majesty's Birth day: Guns fired 21, 24 lbs 2, 9 lbs 3, 6 lbs 16, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 49, Powder expended oz 0 Departed the Neptune & Duke of Grafton: Guns fired 18, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 18, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 27, Powder expended oz 0 Powder for the Works at Lemon Valley: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 0, Powder expended oz 8 12 Departed a Dane Ship: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz 8 Guns fired to Salute the British King: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz 8 13 Departed the Harcourt (no Salute): Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 2, Powder expended oz 0 Departed the Duke of Albany: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz 8 15 A Doub. Alarm on [...] for the outward bound Ships: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 6, 1 lbs 3, Powder expended lb. 15, Powder expended oz 0 17 An Alarm at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz 0 Departed the Devonshire: Guns fired 9, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz 8 Priming for the above Salutes: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 39, Powder expended oz 0 Powder for the Govr. Uses: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 2, Powder expended oz 0 do. for the Long Boats at different times: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 6, Powder expended oz 0 do. to Shoot Goats: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 4, Powder expended oz 0 do. for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 24 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 63, Powder expended oz 0 Total: Guns fired 153, 24 lbs 4, 9 lbs 4, 6 lbs 138, 4 lbs 14, 1 lbs 7, Powder expended lb. 385, Powder expended oz 10 Tallow for the Long Boats &c. lb. 27 Handspikes Expended 12 Lead Balls to Shoot Goats at different times lb. oz 4 9 White Hoops to repair Budge Barrels 40 Paper for Sundry Services Quire 2 Match 18 Bitts 6 Tompions 32 Pounders 6 do. 18 do. 3 do. 6 do. 8 Powder Horns Expended 1 (signed) James Tippet Capt. of Artillery | The account of artillery stores used in June 1770 was entered as follows. 1 June, salute to Governor Bourchier on going aboard: 19 guns fired, 2 twenty-four-pounders, 1 nine-pounder, 16 six-pounders, powder 43 lb 0 oz 1 June, the Britannia and Norfolk departed: 22 guns fired, 22 six-pounders, powder 33 lb 0 oz. 2 June, a Dutch ship departed: 13 guns fired, 13 six-pounders, powder 19 lb 8 oz 3 June, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 3 June, a Danish ship arrived: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 4 June, salute for His Majesty's birthday: 21 guns fired, 2 twenty-four-pounders, 3 nine-pounders, 16 six-pounders, powder 49 lb 0 oz 4 June, the Neptune and Duke of Grafton departed: 18 guns fired, 18 six-pounders, powder 27 lb 0 oz. 4 June, powder for the works at Lemon Valley: powder 0 lb 8 oz 12 June, a Danish ship departed: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz 12 June, salute to the British King: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 13 June, the Harcourt departed without a salute: powder 2 lb 0 oz. 13 June, the Duke of Albany departed: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 15 June, a double alarm, thought to be for outward-bound ships: 9 guns fired, 6 four-pounders, 3 one-pounders, powder 15 lb 0 oz 17 June, an alarm at Prosperous Bay: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 17 June, the Devonshire departed: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. Priming for the salutes above: powder 39 lb 0 oz Powder for the Governor's use: powder 2 lb 0 oz Powder for the longboats at different times: powder 6 lb 0 oz Powder for shooting goats: powder 4 lb 0 oz Powder for sundry services: powder 63 lb 0 oz Total: 153 guns fired, 4 twenty-four-pounders, 4 nine-pounders, 130 six-pounders, 14 four-pounders, 7 one-pounders, powder 385 lb 10 oz Tallow for the longboat and other uses, 27 lb Handspikes used, 12 Lead ball for shooting goats at different times, 4 lb 2 oz White hoops for repairing budge barrels, 40 Paper for sundry services, 2 quires Match, 18 lb Bills, 6 Tompions for 32-pounders, 6 Tompions for 18-pounders, 3 Tompions for 6-pounders, 8 Powder horns used, 1 James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Interpretations The King's birthday on 4 June drew the largest salute of the month: 21 guns, including the heavy twenty-four-pounders and nine-pounders, at a cost of 49 lb of powder. The royal salute outranked the 19 guns given to a former governor. In this way the Company's island marked its loyalty to the Crown on the same scale as a King's fortress. The Company held St Helena under royal charter, and the garrison's oath ran to the King as well as to the Directors. A full royal salute each year was the visible sign of that double allegiance. June used 385 lb of powder, against 576 lb in May and 312 lb in April. The road emptied that month as the China and India ships left for England one after another, and the departure salutes made up most of the expense. The Harcourt alone sailed without one. She was bound not for England but for Bencoolen, and the record charges only 2 lb of powder against her departure. The 40 white hoops bought to repair budge barrels went with the powder service at the new magazine at Munden's Point. Light wooden hoops, unlike iron ones, could not strike a spark when the barrels were carried to the guns. | |
285 | 1770 Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in June 1770 22 Bottles Madeira Wine £ 2 4 9 do. Port do. 13 6 54 do. Lisbon do. 4 1 14 do. Mountain do. 1 1 41 do. Beer 7 8½ 36 Galls. Arrack 5 8 228½ lb. Beef 4 15 2½ 231 Mutton 4 16 3 4 Turkeys 1 23 Fowls 1 14 6 2 Ducks 3 1 Goose 5 3¼ lb. Butter 3 3 11½ lb. Veal 5 9 198 lb. Candy 4 19 532 lb. Flour 4 19 9 5 Lambs 2 10 4 Kids 1 1 Pig 5 £ 40 11 11½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The account of food and drink used at the Company's table in June 1770 was entered as follows. Madeira wine, 22 bottles, £2 4s 0d Port wine, 9 bottles, £0 13s 6d Lisbon wine, 54 bottles, £4 1s 0d Mountain wine, 14 bottles, £1 1s 0d Beer, 41 bottles, £0 7s 8¼d Arrack, 36 gallons, £5 8s 0d Beef, 228½ lb, £4 15s 2½d Mutton, 231 lb, £4 16s 3d Turkeys, 4, £1 0s 0d Fowls, 23, £1 14s 6d Ducks, 2, £0 3s 0d Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d Butter, 3¼ lb, £0 3s 3d Veal, 11½ lb, £0 5s 9d Sugar candy, 198 lb, £4 19s 0d Flour, 532 lb, £4 19s 9d Lambs, 5, £2 10s 0d Kids, 4, £1 0s 0d Pig, 1, £0 5s 0d Total, £40 11s 11¼d Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The table cost a little less in June than in May, when it ran to £44 8s 4½d. It still cost far more than in April, at £27 7s 11¾d. Charles Bourchier left on 1 June, but the road stayed busy until the Devonshire sailed on 17 June, and every commander and passenger expected to be received at the Castle. Port appeared on the table for the first time, drawn from the hogsheads just landed by the British King and Harcourt. Sugar candy rose to 198 lb, almost double May's 115 lb. Most of it went into the punch served with the 36 gallons of arrack. Beef also rose sharply, from 112¾ lb in May to 228½ lb. The cattle account for the same quarter recorded 22 steers killed, so the Castle took a large share of the beef that the dwindling herd could spare. | |
286 | 16th July At a Consultation held on Monday the 16th day of July at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govern. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 9th July 1770 The Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter commencing the 1st of April and ending the 30th June 1770 which were examined and approved and are as follows vizt. Collection of Goods Sold and Delivered out of the Honble. Company's Store Houses from 1st of April to the 30th June 1770 Sold to the Company's Servants at 10 pr. Cent vizt. Sugar and Candy vizt. 9431 lb. Sugar 137 10 8½ 1801 lb. Candy 41 5 5½ 178 16 2 Flour vizt. 5105 lb. Flour 42 10 10 Bags. 3 do. Baked 345 2 387 12 10 Rice and Paddy vizt. 95 C. qr. lb. Rice 41 19 2 27 1 25 Paddy 6 4 9 48 3 11 Tea vizt. 297 lb. Bohea 11 15 1½ 217 Congo 15 7 5½ 185 Single 13 17 6 41 1 Carried over £ 655 13 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 16 July 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 9 July 1770 were read, approved and signed. The storekeeper presented his collections and the paymaster his accounts for the quarter from 1 April to 30 June 1770. The Council examined and approved them, and they were entered as follows. The first was a statement of goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses in that quarter, beginning with sales to the Company's servants at cost plus 10%. Goods sold to the Company's servants at a 10% advance Sugar, 9,431 lb, £137 10s 8½d Sugar candy, 1,801 lb, £41 5s 5½d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £178 16s 2d Flour, 5,105 lb, £42 10s 10d Flour, baked, 369 cwt 3 qr, £345 2s 0d Total for flour, £387 12s 10d Rice, 95 cwt 0 qr 0 lb, £41 19s 2d Paddy, 27 cwt 1 qr 25 lb, £6 4s 9d Total for rice and paddy, £48 3s 11d Bohea tea, 297 lb, £11 15s 1½d Congo tea, 217 lb, £15 7s 5½d Singlo tea, 185 lb, £13 17s 6d Total for tea, £41 0s 1d Carried forward, £655 13s 0d Interpretations Tea sales rose sharply against the quarter to 31 March 1770. The Company's servants then bought 97 lb of Bohea, 36 lb of Congo and 16 lb of Singlo. In this quarter they bought 297 lb, 217 lb and 185 lb, roughly three, six and eleven times as much. The China ships that came in from April onwards restocked the warehouse with all three kinds. The Earl of Lincoln's invoice alone carried six chests of Bohea, five of Congo and four of Singlo. Before then, the island had perhaps simply been short of tea. The dearer green Singlo showed the steepest rise. With the warehouse full and the price kept at the Company's 10% mark-up, officers and settlers bought far more of the better teas than they had in the lean months before the fleet arrived. The baked flour also went up, from 330 cwt to almost 370 cwt. That was the bread baked for the garrison and sold back to the men out of their pay. The rise followed the 95 recruits landed by the British King and Harcourt in May, as well as the men who had re-enlisted in March. Rice and paddy fell at the same time, and paddy dropped from 5,219 lb to about 3,000 lb. The costlier Bengal rice of that season had reached the island, and the garrison may have eaten more bread in place of rice. | |
287 | 1770 Brought Over £ 655 13 Oil vizt. 47½ Galls. Train 8 11 6½ 9¼ do. Linseed 2 3½ 7 Bottles Florence 1 5 ½ Gall. Oil Turpentine 1 5 11 13 8 Sope 285 lb. 9 4 Salt 30⅞ Bushls. 5 1 11 Pepper 30 lb. 16 10 Candles 340 lb. 42 10 Cordage 292½ lb. 5 3 7 Coffee 30 lb. 1 7 6 Twine vizt. 36 lb. Sl. Twine 1 1 5¾ Cotton Wick 14 5 1 15 5 Pitch and Tar vizt. 6 lb. Pitch 9 8 Galls. Tar 6 8 36 Rozin 6 13 5 Canvas vizt. 8½ Yds. English 12 2 102 do. Osenbrigs 4 9 3 6 do. Tecklenburgs 5 10 5 7 3 Pease ½ Bushl. 7 7 Starch 41 lb. 1 6 6 Thread vizt. 8½ lb. Whit. Brown 3 3 7 9 Coloured 1 10 11 3 oz. Nuns No. 36 6 10 13 oz. do. 38 1 6 1 4 Chellows 17 Pieces 7 14 5 Lead 86 lb. Shot 17 11 Carried over £ 753 14 4 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the total of £655 13s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £655 13s 0d Train oil, 47⅞ gallons, £8 11s 6½d Linseed oil, 9¼ gallons, £2 0s 3½d Florence oil, 7 bottles, £1 0s 5d Oil of turpentine, ⅜ gallon, £0 1s 5d Total for oils, £11 13s 8d Soap, 285 lb, £9 4s 0d Salt, 30⅞ bushels, £5 1s 11d Pepper, 30 lb, £0 16s 10d Candles, 340 lb, £42 10s 0d Cordage, 292½ lb, £5 3s 7d Coffee, 30 lb, £1 7s 6d Twine, 36 skeins, £1 1s 0d Cotton wick, 5⅜ lb, £0 14s 5d Total for twine, £1 15s 5d Pitch, 6 lb, £0 0s 9d Tar, 8 gallons, £0 6s 8d Rosin, 36 lb, £0 6s 0d Total for pitch and tar, £0 13s 5d English canvas, 8½ yards, £0 12s 2d Osnaburg canvas, 102 yards, £4 9s 3d Tecklenburg canvas, 6 yards, £0 5s 10d Total for canvas, £5 7s 3d Pease, ½ bushel, £0 7s 7d Starch, 41 lb, £1 6s 6d Whitened brown thread, 8½ lb, £3 3s 7d Coloured thread, 9 lb, £1 10s 11d Nuns' thread no. 36, 3 oz, £0 6s 10d Nuns' thread no. 38, 13 oz, £1 0s 0d Total for thread, £6 1s 4d Chelloes, 17 pieces, £7 14s 5d Lead shot, 86 lb, £0 17s 11d Carried forward, £753 14s 4d Interpretations The Company's servants bought far more of the coarse cloth used to clothe slaves than in the previous quarter. Osnaburg rose from 37 yards to 102, and 17 pieces of chelloe were sold where none had been sold before. The Bombay and Madras cloth ordered the year before had evidently reached the warehouse. Officers and settlers who owned slaves had to clothe them at their own cost, and they bought as soon as the cloth was on the shelves. That run on coarse cloth explains why the Council found the stores empty on 18 June 1770 and had to pay 30s a piece for Anjengo long cloth to clothe the Company's own women slaves. Its own servants had bought up the stock first. Candles rose from 250 lb to 340 lb, while train oil fell from 73¼ gallons to under 48. The longer nights of the southern winter called for more light. The shift to candles also points to the new stock that had come with the ships, which households preferred to the smoky, fishy-smelling lamps when they could get them. | |
288 | 16th July Brought over £ 755 14 4 Arrack 18½ Galls. 4 13 9 Nails vizt. lb. d. 16 2 15 4 2 3 1 8 32 4 1 2 72 6 2 5 12 10 6 3 5 20 2 2 15 40 7 6 4 Bart. 1 6 ½ Glazing Brads 2 9 20 Sheathing do. 11 3 5 15 5 Shirts vizt. 110 Soldiers Shirts 27 5 5 25 Yds. Brown Holland 2 11 29 16 5 Hooks & Lines vizt. 500 No. 4 Hooks 1 8 1½ 250 9 do. 7 11 75 11 do. 1 3¾ 25 12 do. 5 175 14 do. 1 9½ 100 15 do. 9 350 16 do. 2 ½ 25 7 do. 1 7½ 120 2 Lines 1 18 6½ 90 3 do. 1 13 9½ 6 Hambro do. 10 6 6 4 Shoes vizt. 226 Pr. Mens Ordy. Shoes 56 19 5 34 Pr. do. Fine do. 10 6 10 36 Pr. do. do. Pumps 9 18 Shoes Carried over £ 77 4 3 Carried over £ 802 6 3 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the total of £755 14s 4d brought forward. Brought forward, £755 14s 4d Arrack, 18⅞ gallons, £4 13s 9d Twopenny nails, 16 lb, £0 15s 4d Threepenny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 8d Fourpenny nails, 32 lb, £1 2s 0d Sixpenny nails, 72 lb, £2 5s 0d Tenpenny nails, 12 lb, £0 6s 3d Twentypenny nails, 5 lb, £0 2s 2d Fortypenny nails, 15 lb, £0 7s 6d Bar nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 6d Glazing brads, ½ lb, £0 2s 9d Flooring brads, 20 lb, £0 11s 3d Total for nails, £5 15s 5d Soldiers' shirts, 110, £27 5s 5d Brown holland, 25 yards, £2 11s 0d Total for shirts and shirting, £29 16s 5d Fish hooks no. 1, 500, £1 8s 1½d Fish hooks no. 9, 250, £0 7s 11d Fish hooks no. 11, 75, £0 1s 3¾d Fish hooks no. 12, 25, £0 0s 5d Fish hooks no. 14, 175, £0 1s 9½d Fish hooks no. 15, 100, £0 0s 9d Fish hooks no. 16, 350, £0 2s 0½d Fish hooks no. 7, 25, £0 1s 7¾d Fishing lines no. 2, 120, £1 18s 6½d Fishing lines no. 3, 90, £1 13s 9½d Hambro lines, 6, £0 10s 0d Total for hooks and lines, £6 6s 4d Men's ordinary shoes, 226 pairs, £56 19s 5d Men's fine shoes, 34 pairs, £10 6s 10d Men's pumps, 36 pairs, £9 18s 0d Shoes carried forward, £77 4s 3d Carried forward, £802 6s 3d Interpretations The shoe sales show what the spring ships brought. In the quarter to 31 March 1770 the warehouse sold 359 pairs of ordinary shoes and no fine shoes or pumps. In this quarter it sold fewer ordinary shoes but 34 pairs of fine shoes and 36 pairs of pumps. Pumps were light, low-heeled shoes for indoor wear and dancing. The fine footwear came out with the British King and Harcourt, and the officers and their families bought it up as soon as it was unpacked. The fishing tackle sold just as quickly, with 500 of the large no. 1 hooks against 350 the quarter before. Fish remained the island's everyday food while the cattle herd was falling. | |
289 | 1770 Brought over £ 802 6 3 Shoes Brought over 77 4 3 1 Pr. Mens Chan. Pumps 6 7 74 Pr. Womens Calimanco 15 14 6 11 Pr. Girls do. 1 16 8 6 Pr. Womens Calf Leather 16 6 7 Pr. Girls do. do. 15 5 18 Pr. Womens Spanish do. 3 16 6 10 Pr. Boys Shoes 1 15 102 5 5 Paint vizt. 40 lb. Indico 3 15 9 Blue Smalts 16 10½ 6 Cho. Colour 3 10½ 2 Bar. Blacking 1 3½ 28 Whiting 10½ 2 Red Lead 6½ 4 Wt. do. mixed 1 7¾ 1 Log Wood 2¾ 5 4 Hosiers Ware vizt. 106 Pr. Mens Ordy. Thd. Stockings 17 4 6 3 Pr. do. Wood do. 11 10½ 10 Pr. Black Worsted Breeches 4 17 6 1 do. Buff do. do. 13 10½ 23 7 9 Haberdashery vizt. 1¾ lb. Whale Bone 12 5 34 Sl. Silk 19 10 13 do. Mohair 6 6 11 doz. Mohr. Ct. Buttons 8 3 12 do. do. Bt. do. 4 6 2¼ Gro Girt. do. 6 2¼ Gro White Waist do. 6 14 Ps. Tape 8 9 Haberdashery Carrd. over £ 3 12 3 Carried Over £ 932 19 9 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the total of £802 6s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £802 6s 3d Shoes brought forward, £77 4s 3d Men's channelled pumps, 1 pair, £0 6s 7d Women's calamanco shoes, 74 pairs, £15 14s 6d Girls' calamanco shoes, 11 pairs, £1 16s 8d Women's calf leather shoes, 6 pairs, £0 16s 6d Girls' calf leather shoes, 7 pairs, £0 15s 5d Women's Spanish leather shoes, 18 pairs, £3 16s 6d Boys' shoes, 10 pairs, £1 15s 0d Total for shoes, £102 5s 5d Indigo, 40 lb, £3 15s 0d Blue smalts, 9 lb, £0 16s 10½d Chocolate-coloured paint, 6 lb, £0 3s 10½d Barrel blacking, 2 lb, £0 1s 3½d Whiting, 28 lb, £0 0s 10½d Red lead, 2 lb, £0 0s 6½d White lead, mixed, 4 lb, £0 1s 7¾d Logwood, 1 lb, £0 0s 2¾d Total for paint, £5 0s 4d Men's ordinary thread stockings, 106 pairs, £17 4s 6d Men's woollen stockings, 3 pairs, £0 11s 10½d Black worsted breeches pieces, 10, £4 17s 6d Buff breeches piece, 1, £0 13s 10½d Total for hosiery, £23 7s 9d Whalebone, 1⅞ lb, £0 12s 5d Sewing silk, 34 skeins, £0 19s 10d Mohair thread, 13 skeins, £0 6s 6d Mohair coat buttons, 11 dozen, £0 8s 3d Mohair breast buttons, 12 dozen, £0 4s 6d Shirt buttons, 2¼ gross, £0 6s 0d White waistcoat buttons, 2¼ gross, £0 6s 0d Tape, 14 pieces, £0 8s 9d Haberdashery carried forward, £3 12s 3d Carried forward, £932 19s 9d Interpretations Women's footwear sold in much greater numbers than in the quarter before. The warehouse had sold only two pairs of women's calamanco shoes and five pairs for girls in the quarter to 31 March 1770. This quarter it sold 74 pairs to women and 11 to girls, as well as calf and Spanish leather shoes. Spanish leather was fine goatskin or sheepskin tanned in the Moorish manner, soft and supple, and the costliest women's leather on the list. The new stock came with the spring ships. The pent-up demand among the officers' wives and daughters shows how bare the shelves had been during the long gap between fleets. Whiting, a powdered chalk mixed with size, was the cheapest white for limewash and distemper. Its sale went with the building and repair work then going on in the town. | |
290 | 16th July Brought over £ 932 19 9 Haberdashery Brought over £ 3 12 3 2½ Gro. Horn Moulds 6 1 3 doz. Silver Wire Bt. Buttons 7 10½ 13½ Yds. Broad Gold Lace 2 19 7½ 8 do. Narrow do. 1 3 8 8 10 Iron Ware vizt. 2 Pr. Bar. Hinges 3 8 3 Black Chests 5 6 2 Small Frying Pans 4 7 1 Large do. 4 6 1 Cups. Lock 3 1½ 1 Brass Chest do. 6 1½ 5 Stock do. 16 ½ 1 Pad do. 1 10½ 1 doz. Wood screws 4½ 1 Iron Shovel 4 11½ 1 Maul 10 7 11 Ash Knives 7 1½ 3 Hand Hatchets 5 7½ 3 Chest Locks 10 3 3 Plaistr. Trowels 5 6 1 Bricklayrs. do. 1 6 6 large Box Irons 2 19 3 3 Small do. 1 2 4½ 8 Pr. H. Hinges 17 8 3 Curry Combs & Brushes 6 2 Pr. Sheep Shears 3 4 1 Pick Ax 3 10½ 5 Mouse Traps 3 1½ 3 Spring Rat do. 4 11½ 3 Sythe Stones 7½ 2 Rag do. 9½ 1 File 6 Iron Ware Carried over £ 10 13 9 Carried Over £ 941 8 7 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the total of £932 19s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £932 19s 9d Haberdashery brought forward, £3 12s 3d Horn button moulds, 2½ gross, £0 6s 1d Silver wire breast buttons, 3 dozen, £0 7s 10½d Broad gold lace, 13½ yards, £2 19s 7½d Narrow gold lace, 8 yards, £1 3s 0d Total for haberdashery, £8 8s 10d Barrack hinges, 2 pairs, £0 3s 8d Blank keys, 3, £0 5s 6d Small frying pans, 2, £0 4s 7d Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 6d Cupboard lock, 1, £0 3s 1½d Brass chest lock, 1, £0 6s 1½d Stock locks, 5, £0 16s 0½d Padlock, 1, £0 1s 10½d Wood screws, 1 dozen, £0 0s 4½d Iron shovel, 1, £0 4s 11½d Maul, 1, £0 10s 7d Axe handles, 11, £0 7s 1½d Hand hatchets, 3, £0 5s 7½d Chest locks, 3, £0 10s 3d Plasterers' trowels, 3, £0 5s 6d Bricklayer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 6d Large box irons, 6, £2 19s 3d Small box irons, 3, £1 2s 4½d H hinges, 8 pairs, £0 17s 8d Curry combs and brushes, 3, £0 6s 0d Sheep shears, 2 pairs, £0 3s 4d Pickaxe, 1, £0 3s 10½d Mousetraps, 5, £0 3s 1½d Spring rat traps, 3, £0 4s 11½d Scythe stones, 3, £0 0s 7½d Ragstones, 2, £0 0s 8½d File, 1, £0 0s 6d Ironware carried forward, £10 13s 9d Carried forward, £941 8s 7d Interpretations The gold lace was the costliest item of haberdashery that quarter. It was bought to trim officers' coats and hats. The Company's commissions brought rank, and on St Helena rank was worn in braid. Some 21 yards of broad and narrow lace sold in three months suggest that several officers were refitting their uniforms. That fits the promotions and arrivals of the spring, including Captain Tippet's appointment. Horn button moulds were small discs of horn or bone that were covered with cloth or thread at home to make cheap buttons. They point to household dressmaking alongside the officers' finery. Box irons were the usual smoothing irons of the period. Each was a hollow iron box with a heated slug of iron slipped inside, so the face stayed clean of soot. Nine sold in one quarter, at around 7s to 10s each, a sizeable outlay for laundry. The island's households were ironing linen and shirts to a standard that demanded the better tool, not the cheaper flat iron heated directly on the fire. | |
291 | 1770 Brought over £ 941 8 7 Iron Ware brought over £ 10 13 9 1 Bt. Hoe 2 4½ 2 Gard. do. 2 10½ 2 Helves for do. 1 5½ 1 Spade 4 1½ 1 Gardn. Rake 2 6¾ 1 Scyth 5 10½ 4 Pr. Dove Tail Hinges 2 8 3 Sheets Sand Paper 3½ ½ Tinnd. Tacks 7½ 1 Wood Ax 3 1½ 11 19 9 Cutlery Ware vizt. 59 Pr. Leath. Garters 2 7 7 Horn Combs 2 ½ 8 Buckling do. 2 8 13 Fine Ivory do. 1 19 6½ 8 Ord. do. do. 9 10 1 Case Fleams 3 ½ 6 Stag Ha. Handle Knives & Forks 5 6½ 5 3 3 Tin Ware vizt. 8 Lamps 7 4 4 Pudding Pans 2 3 1 Driping do. 2 ½ 6 Qu. Saucepans 3 1½ 2 oz. Solim. 5 1 Galln. Funnel 2 2½ 1 Horn Lanthorn 3 3½ 1 Glass do. 1 size 5 7 1 6 3 China Ware vizt. 5 Sets Col. Dishes & Plates 7 2 11 4 Guglets & Basons 9 17 Bowls 1 1 3 38 Sneekers 14 3 China Ware Carrd. over £ 9 7 5 Carrd. over £ 959 17 10 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the total of £941 8s 7d brought forward. Brought forward, £941 8s 7d Ironware brought forward, £10 13s 9d Broad hoe, 1, £0 2s 4½d Garden hoes, 2, £0 2s 10½d Hoe handles, 2, £0 1s 5½d Spade, 1, £0 4s 1½d Garden rake, 1, £0 2s 6¾d Scythe, 1, £0 5s 10½d Dovetail hinges, 4 pairs, £0 2s 3d Sandpaper, 3 sheets, £0 0s 3½d Tinned tacks, ½ lb, £0 0s 7½d Wood axe, 1, £0 3s 1½d Total for ironware, £11 19s 9d Leather garters, 59 pairs, £2 0s 7d Horn combs, 7, £0 2s 0½d Buckling combs, 8, £0 2s 8d Fine ivory combs, 13, £1 19s 6½d Ordinary ivory combs, 8, £0 9s 10d Case of fleams, 1, £0 3s 0½d Stag-horn-handled knives and forks, 6, £0 5s 6½d Total for cutlery, £5 3s 3d Tin lamps, 8, £0 7s 4d Pudding pans, 4, £0 2s 3d Dripping pan, 1, £0 2s 0½d Quart saucepans, 6, £0 3s 1½d Sal ammoniac, 2 oz, £0 0s 5d Gallon funnel, 1, £0 2s 2½d Horn lantern, 1, £0 3s 3½d Glass lantern, first size, 1, £0 5s 7d Total for tinware, £1 6s 3d China octagonal dishes and plates, 5 sets, £7 2s 11d China guglets and basins, 4, £0 9s 0d China bowls, 17, £1 1s 3d China sneakers, 38, £0 14s 3d China carried forward, £9 7s 5d Carried forward, £959 17s 10d Interpretations A case of fleams held the small triangular lancets used to open a vein for bleeding. Farriers used them on horses and cattle, and surgeons and laymen used them on people. Bloodletting was the common remedy for fevers and inflammations in both. The sale of a set to a private buyer suggests that settlers treated their own animals, and perhaps their own households and slaves, rather than paying the Company's surgeon. With 74 of the Company's cattle dead in the same quarter, owners had good reason to try what remedies they could. | |
292 | 16th July Brought Over £ 959 17 10 China Ware Brought over £ 9 7 5 9 Baking Dishes 11 3 6 Salled do. 4 6 42 Half Pt. Cups & Saucers 1 3 7 12 Quart Pint 3 5 Chamb. Pots 11 3 4 Tea Pots 4 4 12 5 4 Braziers Ware vizt. 1 Five Qt. Tea Kettle 18 5 1 Pr. Steel Snuffers 3 8 1 2 1 Books vizt. 1 Small Bible 4 1 2 Spelling Books 1 10 2 Common Prayer do. 10 11 1 Horn do. 2 17 Pewter vizt. 2 Close Stool Pans 12 2½ 13 Chamb. Pots 2 1 5½ 1 Bason 3 1 2 16 9 Broad Cloth vizt. 5¼ Yards Pompadore 5 11 1½ 6 do. Scarlet 6 12 3⅞ do. Dark French Grey 3 8 9 13¾ do. Black 12 2 4 4¼ do. Blue 4 2 11½ 31 17 2 Shalloon vizt. 9½ Yds. Scarlet 1 5 9 20¼ do. Coloured 2 6 4 do. Pompadore 11 3 17 3 Carried over £ 1012 13 5 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the total of £959 17s 10d brought forward. Brought forward, £959 17s 10d China brought forward, £9 7s 5d China baking dishes, 9, £0 11s 3d China salad dishes, 6, £0 4s 6d China half-pint cups and saucers, 42, £1 3s 7d China quart and pint pieces, 12, £0 3s 0d China chamber pots, 5, £0 11s 3d China teapots, 4, £0 4s 4d Total for china, £12 5s 4d Five-quart tea kettle, 1, £0 18s 5d Steel snuffers, 1 pair, £0 3s 8d Total for brazier's goods, £1 2s 1d Small Bible, 1, £0 4s 1d Spelling books, 2, £0 1s 10d Books of Common Prayer, 2, £0 10s 11d Hornbook, 1, £0 0s 2d Total for books, £0 17s 0d Pewter close-stool pans, 2, £0 12s 2½d Pewter chamber pots, 13, £2 1s 5½d Pewter basin, 1, £0 3s 1d Total for pewter, £2 16s 9d Pompadour broadcloth, 5¼ yards, £5 11s 1½d Scarlet broadcloth, 6 yards, £6 12s 0d Dark French grey broadcloth, 3⅞ yards, £3 8s 9d Black broadcloth, 13¼ yards, £12 2s 4d Blue broadcloth, 4¼ yards, £4 2s 11½d Total for broadcloth, £31 17s 2d Scarlet shalloon, 9½ yards, £1 5s 9d Coloured shalloon, 20¼ yards, £2 0s 6d Pompadour shalloon, 4 yards, £0 11s 0d Total for shalloon, £3 17s 3d Carried forward, £1,012 13s 5d Interpretations The black broadcloth was the largest single purchase of cloth that quarter, at 13¼ yards and over £12. In the quarter to 31 March 1770 the servants had bought no black broadcloth at all. Between April and June the island buried Orlando Bagley senior, John Desfountain and Isaac Knipe, each the head of a leading planter family. Their widows and children went into mourning, and black cloth for coats and gowns was the first expense of a death in a respectable household. The pompadour and scarlet cloth sold alongside it shows that other families were dressing for the season's company at the Castle. The hornbook was a child's first primer: a single printed sheet showing the alphabet and the Lord's Prayer, mounted on a wooden paddle and covered with a thin sheet of transparent horn. With two spelling books sold in the same quarter, it points to children being taught their letters at home. On 21 May 1770 the churchwardens and committee had asked for a site for a new schoolhouse. The island's families were still teaching their children privately while they waited for a school and a master. | |
293 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1012 13 5 Bunting vizt. 3½ Yds. Blue 2 3 3 do. White 1 8 3 11 Leather vizt. 120½ lb. Sole 7 7 5 Calf Skins 3 2 10 9 Turners Ware vizt. 8 Punch Ladles 5 2 5 Hair Brooms 12 11 2 Scrubing Brushes 5 8 8 Shoe do. 5 10 4 Buckle do. 2 6 2 Mahogany Table do. 1 10 1 Tubmans Yoake 1 8 2 Plaistr. Brushes 2 ½ 3 Painty do. 1 6 1 Cloth do. 2 2½ 1 Hasket 2 6 2 Mops 2 9 1 Birch Broom 4½ 2 Platters 2 4½ 2 9 4 Beef and Pork vizt. 2009 lb. Beef 200 18 2460 lb. Pork 246 446 18 Glass Ware vizt. 11 Beer Glasses 11 2½ doz. Wine do. 2 8 6½ 7 Tumblers 3 9½ 7 Qt. Decanters 18 1 11 Pt. do. 1 1 6½ 109 Sq. 8 by 6 3 10 6¾ 14 do. 11 by 9 19 10 50 do. 10 by 9 3 8 9 13 1 11 Carried over £ 1485 7 4 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the total of £1,012 13s 5d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,012 13s 5d Blue bunting, 3½ yards, £0 2s 3d White bunting, 3 yards, £0 1s 8d Total for bunting, £0 3s 11d Sole leather, 120⅞ lb, £7 0s 7d Calf skins, 5, £3 0s 2d Total for leather, £10 0s 9d Punch ladles, 8, £0 5s 2d Hair brooms, 5, £0 12s 11d Scrubbing brushes, 2, £0 5s 8d Shoe brushes, 8, £0 5s 10d Buckle brushes, 4, £0 2s 6d Mahogany table brushes, 2, £0 1s 10d Tubman's yoke, 1, £0 1s 8d Plasterers' brushes, 2, £0 2s 0½d Paint brushes, 3, £0 1s 6d Clothes brush, 1, £0 2s 2½d Flasket, 1, £0 2s 6d Mops, 2, £0 2s 9d Birch broom, 1, £0 0s 4½d Platters, 2, £0 2s 4½d Total for turnery, £2 9s 4d Salt beef, 2,009 pieces, £200 18s 0d Salt pork, 2,460 pieces, £246 0s 0d Total for beef and pork, £446 18s 0d Beer glasses, 11, £0 11s 0d Wine glasses, 2½ dozen, £2 8s 6½d Tumblers, 7, £0 3s 9½d Quart decanters, 7, £0 18s 1d Pint decanters, 11, £1 1s 6½d Window glass, 109 panes 8 by 10 inches, £3 10s 6½d Window glass, 14 panes 11 by 16 inches, £0 19s 10d Window glass, 50 panes 10 by 12 inches, £3 8s 9d Total for glass, £13 1s 11d Carried forward, £1,485 7s 4d Interpretations The sales of salt meat hardly changed between the two quarters. The Company's servants bought 4,525 pieces of beef and pork in the quarter to 31 March 1770 and 4,469 in this one, both sold at 2s a piece. The steady figure shows that salt meat was the fixed staple of the garrison and its households, whatever happened to the island's live herds. The Council's purchases from passing commanders, such as the 424 pieces of beef and 294 of pork taken from Captain Hardwicke on 11 April 1770, kept the warehouse supplied. Those purchases spared the dwindling cattle herd from carrying the whole garrison. A tubman's yoke was a curved wooden shoulder-piece with hooks at each end. A porter used it to carry two water tubs or buckets at once. On St Helena, water was brought by hand from the Water Run to houses and kitchens in James Town, usually by slaves. The punch ladles, decanters and wine glasses sold in the same quarter supplied the other side of household life, the entertaining for which the water was carried. | |
294 | 16th July Brought over £ 1485 7 4 Longcloth vizt. 7 Ps. D. 32 11 1 do. No. 8 3 9 ½ do. 5 1 2 8 36 14 5 Blankets vizt. 2 Fine 1 3 2 9 Ordy. 2 17 9 4 11 Hats 8 Boys 2 13 Flannel 29½ Yds. 3 11 3 Buckram 1 do. 11 Corks 10 Gro. 7 doz. 1 6 Oars 3 9 1 Camblet 5 Yds. Brown 16 5 Serge vizt. 5¾ Yds. Blue 1 10 8 4½ do. Duffle 1 10 7 ½ Ps. Brown Fustain 1 1 1 4 2 4 Earthen Ware vizt. 4 Large Tea Pots 9 8 8 Midling do. 8 4 1 Milk Pan 1 11 19 11 Deals vizt. 4 Single Deals 8 8 4 Double do. 13 9 1 2 5 Sailors Cloaths vizt. 1 Boys Green Duffle Jacket 6 1¾ 1 Pr. Boys Breeches 3 4½ 1 Boys Shirt 3 ¾ 12 7 Carried Over £ 1541 16 7 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the total of £1,485 7s 4d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,485 7s 4d Long cloth marked D, 7 pieces, £32 11s 0d Long cloth no. 8, 1 piece, £3 0s 9d Long cloth no. 5, ½ piece, £1 2s 8d Total for long cloth, £36 14s 5d Fine blankets, 2, £1 3s 2d Ordinary blankets, 9, £2 17s 9d Total for blankets, £4 0s 11d Boys' hats, 8, £2 13s 0d Flannel, 29½ yards, £3 11s 3d Buckram, 1 yard, £0 0s 11d Corks, 10 gross 7 dozen, £1 6s 0d Oars, 3, £0 9s 1d Brown camlet, 5 yards, £0 16s 5d Blue serge, 5¾ yards, £1 10s 8d Duffle, 4½ yards, £1 10s 7d Brown fustian, ½ piece, £1 1s 1d Total for serge, £4 2s 4d Large earthenware teapots, 4, £0 9s 8d Middling earthenware teapots, 8, £0 8s 4d Earthenware milk pan, 1, £0 1s 11d Total for earthenware, £0 19s 11d Single deals, 4, £0 8s 8d Double deals, 4, £0 13s 9d Total for deals, £1 2s 5d Boy's green duffle jacket, 1, £0 6s 1¾d Boy's breeches, 1 pair, £0 3s 4½d Boy's shirt, 1, £0 3s 0¾d Total for sailors' clothes, £0 12s 7d Carried forward, £1,541 16s 7d Interpretations Several of the cloths were heavy woollens for the island's winter. Duffle was a thick, coarse woollen with a raised nap, named after Duffel near Antwerp, and was used for sea-coats and jackets. Flannel, soft and loosely woven, made shirts, petticoats and bandages. Camlet was a fine, closely woven cloth of wool mixed with goat's hair or silk, used for cloaks and better coats. Fustian was a stout twilled cloth of linen and cotton, made into working breeches and jackets. Buckram was linen stiffened with glue or gum, used to shape collars, cuffs and hats. Sales of all these between April and June reflect the cooler, wetter months on the island. The 10 gross and 7 dozen corks, over 1,500 in a single quarter, were bought for bottling. Wine and arrack came in casks and hogsheads, and households drew them off into bottles for their own tables. The quart and pint decanters sold on the previous page served the same trade. A boy's suit of sailors' clothes, with a green duffle jacket, was probably bought for a son bound for sea as a captain's servant on one of the Company's ships, the usual first step for a boy entering the sea service. | |
295 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1541 16 7 Wine vizt. 297 Galls. Lisbon 100 17 1 119½ do. Port 40 11 7 179 do. Mountain 60 15 9 202 4 5 £ 1744 1 Sold to the Planters at 25 pr. Cent vizt. Leather vizt. 2½ lb. Sole 3 3 2 Calf Skins 1 7 6 1 10 9 Shalloon vizt. 4½ Yds. Scarlet 13 10½ 3 do. Coloured 6 8½ 1 7 Broad Cloth 1⅞ Yds. Pompadore 2 2 Haberdashery vizt. 6 Sl. Silk 4 6 4 do. Mohair 2 4 1½ doz. do. Ct. Buttons 1 6 2 doz. do. Bt. do. 1 2 Ps. Tape 1 8 11 Chelloes 4 Pieces 2 1 4 Flannel 1 Yard 2 8 Hats 1 Boys 7 6 Thread vizt. 1 lb. Coloured 3 11 1½ Whd. Brown 12 9 16 8 Carried Over £ 8 12 6 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants ended with wine, carried on from the total of £1,541 16s 7d brought forward. Sales to the planters at cost plus 25% followed. Brought forward, £1,541 16s 7d Lisbon wine, 297 gallons, £100 17s 1d Port wine, 119½ gallons, £40 11s 7d Mountain wine, 179 gallons, £60 15s 9d Total for wine, £202 4s 5d Total sold to the Company's servants, £1,744 1s 0d Goods sold to the planters at a 25% advance Sole leather, 2⅞ lb, £0 3s 3d Calf skins, 2, £1 7s 6d Total for leather, £1 10s 9d Scarlet shalloon, 4½ yards, £0 13s 10½d Coloured shalloon, 3 yards, £0 6s 8½d Total for shalloon, £1 0s 7d Pompadour broadcloth, 1⅞ yards, £2 2s 0d Sewing silk, 6 skeins, £0 4s 6d Mohair thread, 4 skeins, £0 2s 4d Mohair coat buttons, 1½ dozen, £0 1s 6d Mohair breast buttons, 2 dozen, £0 1s 0d Tape, 2 pieces, £0 1s 8d Total for haberdashery, £0 11s 0d Chelloes, 4 pieces, £2 1s 4d Flannel, 1 yard, £0 2s 8d Boy's hat, 1, £0 7s 6d Coloured thread, 1 lb, £0 3s 11d Whitened brown thread, 1½ lb, £0 12s 9d Total for thread, £0 16s 8d Carried forward, £8 12s 6d Interpretations The wine landed by the British King and Harcourt in May sold almost at once. The storekeeper's account of 11 June 1770 recorded 179 gallons of mountain wine received from the two ships, and every gallon of it was sold to the Company's servants by 30 June. Of some 357 gallons of Lisbon wine received, 297 were sold, and of 180½ gallons of port, 119½. Wine was rationed by the ships, arriving once a year, and buyers took their year's supply the moment it reached the shelves. The £202 4s 5d spent on wine in one quarter was more than the island's planters spent at the warehouse in a typical half-year. It was also more than half the sum spent on salt meat for whole households. | |
296 | 16th July Brought Over £ 8 12 6 Shoes vizt. 6 Pr. Boys Shoes 1 4 3 do. Girls Calf 7 6 2 do. Mens fine Shoes 13 9 1 do. Girls Calimanco 3 9 2 9 Serge 6 Yds. Blue Duffle 2 6 6 Shirts 10 do. Brown Holland 1 2 11 Sold at 40 pr. Cent vizt. Broad Cloth vizt. 3 Yds. Black 3 7 10½ 1½ do. Green 1 10 7½ 4 18 6 Shoes vizt. 6 Pr. Mens Ordy. 1 18 6 3 do. do. Fine Pumps 1 1 2 19 6 Long Ells 13 Yds. Blue 1 13 Kersy 5½ Yds. Frize 1 1 5 Canvas 2 Ps. 11 English 8 2 6 Camblet 12 Yds. Blue 2 11 6 Sugar and Candy vizt. 863 lb. Sugar 17 19 7 109 Candy 3 3 7 21 3 2 Flour 200 lb. 2 10 Rice 9 2 7 5 5 6 Paddy 100 lb. 5 10 Sope 24 lb. 1 Oil vizt. 6¼ Galls. Train 1 8 7½ 23 do. Linseed 6 7 5½ 7 16 1 Pepper 8 lb. 6 Carried Over £ 74 3 11 | The planters' purchases at cost plus 25% continued from the total of £8 12s 6d brought forward. Sales at cost plus 40% followed. Brought forward, £8 12s 6d Boys' shoes, 6 pairs, £1 4s 0d Girls' calf shoes, 3 pairs, £0 7s 6d Men's fine shoes, 2 pairs, £0 13s 9d Girls' calamanco shoes, 1 pair, £0 3s 9d Total for shoes, £2 9s 0d Blue duffle serge, 6 yards, £2 6s 6d Brown holland for shirts, 10 yards, £1 2s 11d Goods sold at a 40% advance Black broadcloth, 3 yards, £3 7s 10½d Green broadcloth, 1½ yards, £1 10s 7½d Total for broadcloth, £4 18s 6d Men's ordinary shoes, 6 pairs, £1 18s 6d Men's fine pumps, 3 pairs, £1 1s 0d Total for shoes, £2 19s 6d Blue long ells, 13 yards, £1 13s 0d Kersey baize, 5½ yards, £1 1s 5d English canvas, 2 pieces of 11 yards, £8 2s 6d Blue camlet, 12 yards, £2 11s 6d Sugar, 863 lb, £17 19s 7d Sugar candy, 109 lb, £3 3s 7d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £21 3s 2d Flour, 200 lb, £2 10s 0d Rice, 9 cwt 1 qr 7 lb, £5 5s 6d Paddy, 100 lb, £0 5s 10d Soap, 24 lb, £1 0s 0d Train oil, 6¼ gallons, £1 8s 7½d Linseed oil, 23 gallons, £6 7s 5½d Total for oils, £7 16s 1d Pepper, 8 lb, £0 6s 0d Carried forward, £74 3s 11d Interpretations The buyers paying the 40% rate bought far more than in the first quarter of 1770, when such sales totalled only about £55 for the whole quarter. This page alone reaches more than £60 at that rate, with 863 lb of sugar, 23 gallons of linseed oil and two pieces of English canvas among the purchases. Those were not household quantities. The canvas and linseed oil point to ships' officers refitting sails and paintwork. The sugar was probably bought by the passengers and officers of the busy spring fleet to stock their tables for the voyage home. Selling to them at 40% above cost let the Company profit from the ships in the road without raising the price to its own servants. Long ells were a coarse, durable worsted cloth, sold in pieces of a fixed length measured in ells. They were made chiefly in Devon and Somerset, and the Company shipped them to Canton in great quantities as one of the few English goods the Chinese would buy. Blue long ells on St Helena were most likely surplus from that trade, sold off for coats and cloaks. | |
297 | 1770 Brought Over £ 74 3 11 Salt 3¾ Bushels 15 11 Coffee 6 lb. 7 Cordage 685 lb. 16 8 3 Candles 85 lb. 13 12 8 Pitch & Tar vizt. 1 B. 21½ G. Tar 1 13 4 1 Barl. Pitch 1 11 2 3 4 6 Tea vizt. 23 lb. Bohea 1 3 11 76 Congo 6 19 4 39 Single 3 16 7 11 19 10 Twine vizt. 78 Sl. Twine 3 5 ½ Cotton wick 1 7 3 6 7 Hooks & Lines vizt. 50 No. 7 Hooks 4 2 50 16 do. 4½ 50 1 do. 3 7 50 12 do. 1 1 30 2 Lines 12 3½ 24 3 do. 11 6 7 Log do. 9 11 2 2 11 Deals vizt. 11 Single Deals 1 10 8 4 Double do. 17 6 2 8 2 Turners Ware vizt. 3 Paint Brushes 2 1 3 Plaistr. do. 4 6 Mops 10 6 1 Wood Bowl 1 6 18 1 Carried Over £ 129 7 10 | The sales at cost plus 40% continued from the total of £74 3s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £74 3s 11d Salt, 3¾ bushels, £0 15s 11d Coffee, 6 lb, £0 7s 0d Cordage, 685 lb, £16 8s 3d Candles, 85 lb, £13 12s 8d Tar, 1 barrel and 2½ gallons, £1 13s 4d Pitch, 1 barrel, £1 11s 2d Total for pitch and tar, £3 4s 6d Bohea tea, 23 lb, £1 3s 11d Congo tea, 76 lb, £6 19s 4d Singlo tea, 39 lb, £3 16s 7d Total for tea, £11 19s 10d Twine, 78 skeins, £3 5s 0d Cotton wick, ½ lb, £0 1s 7d Total for twine, £3 6s 7d Fish hooks no. 7, 50, £0 4s 2d Fish hooks no. 16, 50, £0 0s 4½d Fish hooks no. 1, 50, £0 3s 7d Fish hooks no. 12, 50, £0 1s 1d Fishing lines no. 2, 30, £0 12s 3½d Fishing lines no. 3, 24, £0 11s 6d Log lines, 7, £0 9s 11d Total for hooks and lines, £2 2s 11d Single deals, 11, £1 10s 8d Double deals, 4, £0 17s 6d Total for deals, £2 8s 2d Paint brushes, 3, £0 2s 1d Plasterers' brushes, 3, £0 4s 0d Mops, 6, £0 10s 6d Wooden bowl, 1, £0 1s 6d Total for turnery, £0 18s 1d Carried forward, £129 7s 10d Interpretations The goods sold at 40% confirm that most of these buyers were ships, not households. The cordage alone came to 685 lb, more than the 647 lb the Company's own ships took for the whole first quarter of 1770. With it went a barrel of pitch, tar, 78 skeins of twine, seven log lines and deal boards. These were the materials for repairing rigging, sails and woodwork after a passage. The buyers were probably the foreign and private ships in the road that spring, the Dutch, Danish and Spanish vessels, which had no charter claim on the Company's stores. They paid the full commercial rate. The 76 lb of Congo tea, bought at a mark-up in a Company warehouse, was perhaps taken by a foreign captain for his own table, since a Dutch or Spanish ship had no Canton tea of its own. | |
298 | 16th July Brought over £ 129 7 10 Paint vizt. 3 lb. Indico 7 4 25 Bar. Blacking 10 9 72 Red Lead 1 8 6 6 Vermillion 2 6 7 1 lb. Blue Smalts 2 5 5 4 7 Nails vizt. lb. d. 11 4 9 7½ 16 6 13 9 10 6 4½ 1 20 7 14 3 15 2 1 2 1 3 1½ Glazg. Brads 3 6 17 Flooring do. 12 9 3 2 3 Shot 8 lb. 2 2 China Ware vizt. 12 Half Pt. Cups & Saucers 8 9 6 Sneekers 3 11 9 Starch 4 lb. 3 4 Glass Ware vizt. 4 Sqs. 6 by 8 2 2 1 do. 10 by 12 1 7 12 do. 10 by 15 1 9 13 do. 11 by 17 1 4 11 1 do. 8 by 10 10 12 Wine Glasses 7 2 3 Mimite do. 2 10 3 3 Tin Ware vizt. 3 Tin Lamps 3 6 1 Qt. Tin Funnel 8 1 Glass Lanthorn 1 size 7 2 11 4 Carried Over £ 142 5 6 | The sales at cost plus 40% continued from the total of £129 7s 10d brought forward. Brought forward, £129 7s 10d Indigo, 3 lb, £0 7s 4d Barrel blacking, 25 lb, £0 10s 9d Red lead, 72 lb, £1 8s 6d Vermilion, 6 lb, £2 6s 7d Blue smalts, 1 lb, £0 2s 5d Total for paint, £5 4s 7d Fourpenny nails, 11 lb, £0 9s 7½d Sixpenny nails, 16 lb, £0 13s 0d Tenpenny nails, 9 lb, £0 6s 4½d Twentypenny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 7d Threepenny nails, 14 lb, £0 15s 2d Twopenny nails, 1 lb, £0 1s 3d Glazing brads, 1½ lb, £0 3s 6d Flooring brads, 17 lb, £0 12s 9d Total for nails, £3 2s 3d Lead shot, 8 lb, £0 2s 2d China half-pint cups and saucers, 12, £0 8s 9d China sneakers, 6, £0 3s 0d Total for china, £0 11s 9d Starch, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d Window glass, 4 panes 6 by 8 inches, £0 2s 2d Window glass, 1 pane 10 by 12 inches, £0 1s 7d Window glass, 12 panes 10 by 15 inches, £1 0s 9d Window glass, 13 panes 11 by 17 inches, £1 4s 11d Window glass, 1 pane 8 by 10 inches, £0 0s 10d Wine glasses, 12, £0 7s 2d Minute glasses, 3, £0 2s 10d Total for glass, £3 0s 3d Tin lamps, 3, £0 3s 6d Quart tin funnel, 1, £0 0s 8d Glass lantern, first size, 1, £0 7s 2d Total for tinware, £0 11s 4d Carried forward, £142 3s 6d Interpretations The three minute glasses were small sandglasses that ran for a fixed short time, usually 28 or 14 seconds. They were used at sea with the log line. A seaman threw the log over the stern and counted the knots that ran out while the glass emptied, which gave the ship's speed through the water. They were sold in the same quarter as seven log lines, as well as red lead and vermilion for repainting hulls and gilding. Together these show a ship refitting her navigating gear from the Company's stores before the passage home. The 40% buyers were mostly ships' officers rather than island households. | |
299 | 1770 Brought Over £ 142 5 6 Iron Ware vizt. 1 Pick Ax 4 11 1 Spade 5 3 1 Iron Rubstone 3 10¾ 1 Sythe Stone 3½ 1 Mouse Trap 9¾ 1 Small Fryg. Pan 2 7 2 Large do. 11 6 2 Wire Rat Traps 8 5 3 Spring do. 6 5½ 2 Pad Locks 4 11 2 Chest do. 8 8 1 Claw Hammer 2 2 2 19 10 Books 1 Spelling Book 1 2 Oars 1 3 11 Pewter 1 Chamb. Pot 4 1 Cutlery Ware vizt. 1 Fine Ivory Comb 3 11 2 Buckling do. 11 4 10 Braziers Ware vizt. 2 Five Quart Tea Kettles 2 7 1 1 Three do. do. 17 4 3 4 5 £ 149 1 9 Sold to the Honble. Company's Ships from the 1st April to the 30th June 1770 vizt. Pitch & Tar vizt. 8 B. Pitch 12 9 4 8 B. Tar 12 8 484 lb. Rozin 5 11 30 8 4 Carried Over £ 30 8 4 | The sales at cost plus 40% ended with the following goods, carried on from the total of £142 3s 6d brought forward. The storekeeper then began listing the stores supplied to the Company's ships. Brought forward, £142 3s 6d Pickaxe, 1, £0 4s 11d Spade, 1, £0 5s 3d Iron rubstone, 1, £0 3s 10¾d Scythe stone, 1, £0 0s 3½d Mousetrap, 1, £0 0s 9¾d Small frying pan, 1, £0 2s 7d Large frying pans, 2, £0 11s 6d Wire rat traps, 2, £0 8s 5d Spring rat traps, 3, £0 6s 5½d Padlocks, 2, £0 4s 11d Chest locks, 2, £0 8s 8d Claw hammer, 1, £0 2s 2d Total for ironware, £2 19s 10d Spelling book, 1, £0 1s 2d Oar, 1, £0 3s 11d Pewter chamber pot, 1, £0 4s 1d Fine ivory comb, 1, £0 3s 11d Buckling combs, 2, £0 0s 11d Total for cutlery, £0 4s 10d Five-quart tea kettles, 2, £2 7s 1d Three-quart tea kettle, 1, £0 17s 4d Total for brazier's goods, £3 4s 5d Total sold to the planters and at 40%, £149 1s 9d Goods supplied to the Company's ships from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Pitch, 8 barrels, £12 9s 4d Tar, 8 barrels, £12 8s 0d Rosin, 484 lb, £5 11s 0d Total for pitch and tar, £30 8s 4d Carried forward, £30 8s 4d Interpretations Sales outside the Company's own service came to £149 1s 9d that quarter, against £55 7s 2d in the quarter to 31 March 1770. Almost all of the increase came from goods sold at 40%, which were bought mostly by ships' officers and foreign vessels refitting in the road. The Company's own ships took more as well. In the first quarter they had drawn two barrels of pitch and four of tar. This quarter they took eight of each and nearly 500 lb of rosin. The spring brought the whole homeward fleet from China and India to St Helena in a few crowded weeks. The warehouse made its largest outside profits in those weeks, while the rest of the year was spent supplying the garrison at little more than cost. | |
300 | 16th July Brought Over £ 30 8 4 Oil vizt. 20 Galls. Train 4 12 4 70 do. Linseed 19 9 5 3 do. Oil Turpentine 1 2 8 25 4 5 Paint vizt. 34 Bar. Blacking 1 6 7 6 Vermillion 2 6 9 92 Brimstone 1 6 10 10 Red Lead 4 5 4 2 Nails vizt. lb. d. 16 6 13 4 14 10 10 8½ 18 4 15 9 9 20 5 ¾ 3 40 1 9¾ 11 3 11 11 13 Scupper Nails 10 4½ 5 Coopers Rivets 4 ½ 2 Glaz. Brads 4 8 3 17 4 Cordage 280 lb. 6 14 2 Canvas 1 Piece English 3 15 Candy 50 lb. 1 9 2 Iron 53 lb. 14 5 Rice & Paddy vizt. C. qr. lb. 20 2 18 Rice 11 14 9 14 Paddy 4 1 8 15 16 5 Coals 15 Bushels 1 3 9 Pease 8 Bushls. 4 8 8 Glass Ware vizt. 6 Sqrs. 10 by 15 9 6 15 do. 10 by 15 1 5 3 Glass Ware Carrd. over £ 1 14 9 Carried over £ 98 15 10 | The stores supplied to the Company's ships continued from the total of £30 8s 4d brought forward. Brought forward, £30 8s 4d Train oil, 20 gallons, £4 12s 4d Linseed oil, 70 gallons, £19 9s 5d Oil of turpentine, 3 gallons, £1 2s 8d Total for oils, £25 4s 5d Barrel blacking, 34 lb, £1 6s 7d Vermilion, 6 lb, £2 6s 9d Brimstone, 92 lb, £1 6s 10d Red lead, 10 lb, £0 4s 0d Total for paint, £5 4s 2d Sixpenny nails, 16 lb, £0 13s 4d Tenpenny nails, 14 lb, £0 10s 8½d Fourpenny nails, 18 lb, £0 15s 9d Twentypenny nails, 9 lb, £0 5s 0¾d Fortypenny nails, 3 lb, £0 1s 9¼d Threepenny nails, 11 lb, £0 11s 11d Scupper nails, 13 lb, £0 10s 4½d Coopers' rivets, 5, £0 4s 0½d Glazing brads, 2 lb, £0 4s 8d Total for nails, £3 17s 4d Cordage, 280 lb, £6 14s 2d English canvas, 1 piece, £3 15s 0d Sugar candy, 56 lb, £1 9s 2d Iron, 53 lb, £0 14s 5d Rice, 20 cwt 2 qr 18 lb, £11 14s 9d Paddy, 14 cwt 0 qr 0 lb, £4 1s 8d Total for rice and paddy, £15 16s 5d Coals, 15 bushels, £1 3s 9d Pease, 8 bushels, £4 8s 8d Window glass, 6 panes 10 by 15 inches, £0 9s 6d Window glass, 15 panes 10 by 15 inches, £1 5s 3d Glass carried forward, £1 14s 9d Carried forward, £98 15s 10d Interpretations The Company's ships drew food as well as naval stores that quarter. In the first quarter of 1770 they had taken only rigging, paint and nails. Now they took more than 20 cwt of rice, 14 cwt of paddy, eight bushels of pease and coals for the galley fires. The homeward ships from Bengal, Madras and China had been at sea for months, and many had taken on extra hands and passengers in India. Rice, paddy and pease were cheap, kept well and fed a crew on the long run north to England. Supplying them from the warehouse helped the Council refuse the far costlier demand for fresh beef from the island's shrinking herd. | |
301 | 1770 Brought Over £ 98 15 10 Glass Ware Brought Over £ 1 14 9 1 Sqr. 10 by 14 6 4 1 do. 11 by 16 1 10½ 4 do. 8 by 10 3 4½ 2 Minute Glasses 1 11 8 Sqr. 6 by 8 4 4 6 do. 10 by 12 9 6 4 do. 11 by 17 7 3 3 9 9 Iron Ware vizt. 14 doz. Wood Screws 7 2 Files 1 5 ½ Brass pins for Escutcheons 1 7 4 Pad Locks 8 8 18 8 Tin Ware vizt. 3 Glass Lanths. 1 size 1 1 6 4 Double Sheets Tin 4 1 1 Glass Lanthorn 2 size 5 5 1 11 Turners Ware 2 Scrubg. Brushes 9 7 Hooks & Lines vizt. 66 No. 2 Lines 1 7 ½ 6 Log do. 8 6 50 13 Hooks 6 50 14 do. 1 4½ 1 17 5 Twine 24 Skains 1 1 Tea 6 lb. Bohea 6 3 Deals 5 Wainst. Boards 2 6 3 Kersey 16 Yds. Frize 2 4 Masts 1 Top Mast 15 Inchs. Diam. 56 feet Long 12 6 £ 124 16 7 | The stores supplied to the Company's ships continued from the total of £98 15s 10d brought forward and closed with the total for the quarter. Brought forward, £98 15s 10d Glass brought forward, £1 14s 9d Window glass, 1 pane 10 by 14 inches, £0 6s 4d Window glass, 1 pane 11 by 16 inches, £0 1s 10½d Window glass, 4 panes 8 by 10 inches, £0 3s 4½d Minute glasses, 2, £0 1s 11d Window glass, 8 panes 6 by 8 inches, £0 4s 4d Window glass, 6 panes 10 by 12 inches, £0 9s 6d Window glass, 4 panes 11 by 17 inches, £0 7s 3d Total for glass, £3 9s 9d Wood screws, 14 dozen, £0 7s 0d Files, 2, £0 1s 5d Brass pins for escutcheons, ½ lb, £0 1s 7d Padlocks, 4, £0 8s 8d Total for ironware, £0 18s 8d Glass lanterns, first size, 3, £1 1s 6d Double sheets of tin, 4, £0 4s 1d Glass lantern, second size, 1, £0 5s 5d Total for tinware, £1 11s 0d Scrubbing brushes, 3, £0 9s 7d Fishing lines no. 2, 66, £1 7s 0½d Log lines, 6, £0 8s 6d Fish hooks no. 13, 50, £0 0s 6d Fish hooks no. 14, 50, £0 1s 4½d Total for hooks and lines, £1 17s 5d Twine, 24 skeins, £1 1s 0d Bohea tea, 6 lb, £0 6s 3d Wainscot boards, 5, £2 6s 3d Kersey baize, 16 yards, £2 0s 4d Topmast, 15 inches in diameter and 56 feet long, 1, £12 0s 6d Total supplied to the Company's ships, £124 16s 7d Interpretations The Company's ships drew almost twice as much from the stores as in the first quarter of 1770, £124 16s 7d against £67 3s 3d. A single item made up nearly a tenth of the total: a topmast 56 feet long and 15 inches across. A ship needed a spar of that size only to replace one that had been carried away in heavy weather. The island grew no timber fit for masts, so the Company kept a few spare spars in store, shipped out from England or Bombay, for exactly this kind of damage. A homeward East Indiaman that lost a topmast in the gales off the Cape could refit at St Helena instead of limping on to England with jury rigging. Escutcheons were the small brass plates set around keyholes on doors, chests and cabinets, fixed with brass pins. Together with the wainscot boards and the glass, they point to repairs inside the officers' and passengers' cabins, which were panelled and fitted like rooms ashore. | |
302 | 16th July Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30th June 1770 vizt. Oil vizt. 28⅞ Galls. Train for the Castle and Lieu. Govrs. House 4 11 10 ½ Gall. Oil of Olives ⅝ do. Linseed 1 Bottle Florence for the Armrs. Shop 3 6 2 7 2 8 5 7 Arrack Galls. 213¼ for Sundy. Men Empd. in the Stores & Doctrs. Shop 31 7 11 Candles vizt. 25 lb. Doctrs. Shop 309 Castle 110 Council 30 Chaplain 2 Store Use 4 Sec. Office 480 54 10 Sope 200 lb. Linen 5 16 8 Candy 101 lb. for the Govern. Gardener & Doctrs. Shop 2 2 1 Tea 6 lb. Bohea for do. do. 4 4 Coals 100 Bushels 5 8 4 Cordage 676 lb. Store Use & Crane Ropes 10 11 3 Starch 20½ for Linen 11 10 Buckram 1 Yd. for the Parator of the Court 10 Chelloes 1 Ps. for Rubbers 8 3 Canvas 16½ Ozn. for Packets 13 1 Shirts 7 Pieces Irish Linen for the Castle 10 6 10 Nails vizt. lb. d. 3 2 5 4 1 10 for the Coopers Shop 2 6½ 3 1½ 5½ 2 40 Store Use 10½ 2 Glaz. Brads Sec. Office 3 4 8 Coopers Rivets Coopers Use 4 4½ 14 9 Carrd. over £ 127 16 9 | The storekeeper next listed the stores issued between 1 April and 30 June 1770 and charged to the general expenses account. Train oil for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 28⅞ gallons, £4 11s 10d Olive oil for the armourer's shop, ½ gallon, £0 3s 6d Linseed oil for the armourer's shop, ⅝ gallon, £0 2s 7d Florence oil for the armourer's shop, 1 bottle, £0 2s 8d Total for oils, £5 0s 7d Arrack for men employed in the stores and the doctor's shop, 213¼ gallons, £31 7s 11d Candles for the doctor's shop, 25 lb Candles for the Castle, 309 lb Candles for the Council, 110 lb Candles for the chaplain, 30 lb Candles for the stores' use, 2 lb Candles for the secretary's office, 4 lb Total for candles, 480 lb, £54 10s 0d Soap for the linen, 200 lb, £5 16s 8d Sugar candy for the groom, the gardener and the doctor's shop, 101 lb, £2 2s 1d Bohea tea for the groom, the gardener and the doctor's shop, 6 lb, £0 4s 4d Coals, 100 bushels, £5 8s 4d Cordage for the stores' use and crane ropes, 676 lb, £10 11s 3d Starch for the linen, 20½ lb, £0 11s 10d Buckram for the porter of the court, 1 yard, £0 0s 10d Chelloes for rubbing cloths, ⅝ piece, £0 8s 3d Osnaburg canvas for packets, 16½ yards, £0 13s 1d Irish linen for shirts for the Castle, 7 pieces, £10 6s 10d Twopenny nails for the coopers' shop, 3 lb, £0 2s 6½d Fourpenny nails for the coopers' shop, 5 lb, £0 3s 1½d Tenpenny nails for the coopers' shop, 1 lb, £0 0s 5½d Fortypenny nails for the stores' use, 2 lb, £0 0s 10½d Glazing brads for the secretary's office, 2 lb, £0 3s 4d Coopers' rivets for the coopers' use, 8, £0 4s 4½d Total for nails, £0 14s 9d Carried forward, £127 16s 9d Interpretations The arrack issued to the men in the stores and the doctor's shop rose from 119 gallons in the first quarter of 1770 to 213¼ gallons in the second. Other charges hardly moved: the candles stayed at about 480 lb and the Castle linen at six or seven pieces. The stores were simply busier. Between April and June more than a dozen Company ships and several foreign vessels discharged and loaded at James Town. Each cargo had to be hauled up from the landing, weighed, gauged and stowed in the warehouses. The daily dram was paid to every man on that work, so the arrack measured the extra labour. The 676 lb of cordage for crane ropes points the same way. The crane at the landing wore through its ropes lifting the spring fleet's casks and chests, and they had to be renewed. | |
303 | 1770 Brought Over £ 127 16 9 Iron Ware vizt. 6½ Case Hardening for the Armrs. Shop 12 8½ 6 Leather drill Strings do. 3 1½ 2 Coopers Vices Coopers do. 1 1½ 2 Ash Helves Carpentrs. do. 1 2 3 Blank Keys Store Use & Secy. Office 1 10½ 20 Files Carpentrs. & Armrs. Shop 4 13 6 6 Rubber Files do. 1 13 1 Pr. Wool Cards Castle 2 1½ 3 Coopers Drivers Coopers Shop 5 1 Joiners bow Cramp Carpr. do. 1 14 1 Whip Saw 2 7 9 12 Black Lead Pencils do. 5 2 Rag Stones 8½ 1 Cooper Stock Carpr. Shop 1 10 1 do. Iron do. 9½ 1 Coopers hand Hammer do. 2 4½ 12 Two & half F. Rules Carpenters do. 11 6 2 Stock Locks Store Use 5 10 116 Rod Iron 1 3 9 2 Smiths hand Bench Ham. for the Armrs. Shop 9 11 2 Hand Bench do. do. 3 11½ 24 File Hafts 1 6 4 Carpentrs. Broad Axes Carpentrs. do. 17 4 12 do. Adzes do. 1 12 10 24 Pr. Steel Compasses 9 36 Firmer Chizels 11 6 36 Heading Socket do. 1 1 6 1 Turkey Oil Stone 3 3½ 24 Claw Hammers 1 15 8 48 Double Worm Gimblets 8 2 12 Spikes do. 4 6 1 Spring Stock with two Set Bitts 1 4 16 Helves for Br. Axes & Adzes 9 4 Iron Ware Carried over £ 24 4 8 Carried Over £ 127 16 9 | The general expenses account continued with ironware, carried on from the total of £127 16s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £127 16s 9d Case-hardening for the armourer's shop, 6½ lb, £0 12s 8½d Leather drill strings for the armourer's shop, 6, £0 3s 1½d Coopers' vices for the coopers, 2, £0 1s 1½d Axe handles for the carpenters, 2, £0 1s 2d Blank keys for the stores and the secretary's office, 3, £0 1s 10½d Files for the carpenters and the armourer's shop, 20, £4 13s 6d Rubber files for the carpenters and the armourer's shop, 6, £1 13s 0d Wool cards for the Castle, 1 pair, £0 2s 1½d Coopers' drivers for the coopers' shop, 3, £0 5s 0d Joiner's bow cramp for the carpenters, 1, £1 14s 0d Whipsaw, 1, £2 7s 9d Black lead pencils, 12, £0 5s 0d Ragstones, 2, £0 0s 8½d Brace stock, 1, £0 1s 10d [...] iron, 1, £0 0s 9¼d Cooper's hand hammer, 1, £0 2s 4½d Two-and-a-half-foot rules for the carpenters, 12, £0 11s 6d Stock locks for the stores' use, 2, £0 5s 10d Rod iron, 116 lb, £1 3s 9d Smiths' hand and bench hammers for the armourer's shop, 2, £0 9s 11d Hand bench [...] for the armourer's shop, 2, £0 3s 11½d File handles, 24, £0 1s 6d Carpenters' broad axes, 4, £0 17s 4d Adzes, 12, £1 12s 10d Steel compasses, 24 pairs, £0 9s 0d Former chisels, 36, £0 11s 6d Socket chisels, 36, £1 1s 6d Turkey oilstone, 1, £0 8s 3½d Claw hammers, 24, £1 15s 8d Double worm gimlets, 48, £0 8s 2d Spokeshaves, 12, £0 4s 6d Spring brace stock with two sets of bits, 1, £1 4s 0d Handles for broad axes and adzes, 16, £0 9s 4d Ironware carried forward, £24 4s 8d Carried forward, £127 16s 9d Interpretations The carpenters were equipped on a scale not seen in the first quarter of 1770, when they received six claw hammers and four augers. This quarter they took 12 adzes, four broad axes, a whipsaw, 24 claw hammers, 36 former chisels, 36 socket chisels, 48 gimlets and 12 rules. A whipsaw was a two-man frame saw for ripping timber lengthwise into boards. Broad axes and adzes squared and dressed beams. On 25 June 1770 the Council ordered the barracks enlarged to hold 500 men, using the carpentry that Mr Hutchinson had prepared years before. Even prepared timber needed fitting, trimming and joining on site. The new tools equipped a carpenters' gang for the largest building the island had undertaken in years. Case-hardening was a powder of charcoal, bone dust or prussiate, packed around soft iron and heated so that the surface took up carbon and hardened. The armourer used it to harden musket locks, springs and tools so they wore less in service. Wool cards were pairs of wire-toothed boards for combing out wool before spinning. Their issue to the Castle suggests that wool from the Company's sheep was being carded and spun in the Governor's household. | |
304 | 16th July Brought Over £ 127 16 9 Iron Ware Brought Over £ 24 4 8 36 Sock. Broad & Scewing Chizels 1 3 2 72 Plane Irons Sorted 1 6 6 6 Hand Saws in a Set for do. 2 8 10 3 Compass do. in do. do. 7 8 6 Smoothing Plains 14 6 Trying do. 1 2 10 6 Jack do. 17 2 1 Chafing Dish Castle 5 24 Sheets Emery Paper Armrs. Shop 2 6 1 Axletree & Winch 4 3 3 Joiners Rubstones 8 2¼ 3 Hand Hatchets 7 9 1 Coopers Spoke Shave 2 ¼ lb. Borax 3 6½ 1 lb. Binding Wire 9 1 lb. Tripoly 7½ 33 19 5 Paint vizt. 1 lb. Blue Smalts for Linen 10 1½ 6 lb. Indico do. 10 1½ 6 Whiting Castle 2 1 5 Thread vizt. 4 oz. Nuns No. 36 Castle 9 2 ½ Whd. Brown do. 3 5 12 7 Deals vizt. 2 Single Deals for Packet Boxes 3 11 1 Wainst. Board do. Bake House 6 7½ 1 Double Deal 3 4¾ 13 11 Carried Over £ 164 3 1 | The general expenses account continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £127 16s 9d Ironware brought forward, £24 4s 8d Socket broad and scribing chisels, 36, £1 3s 2d Plane irons, sorted, 72, £1 6s 6d Handsaws, 6, £2 8s 10d Compass saws, 3, £0 7s 8d Smoothing planes, 6, £0 14s 0d Trying planes, 6, £1 2s 10d Jack planes, 6, £0 17s 2d Chafing dish for the Castle, 1, £0 5s 0d Emery paper for the armourer's shop, 24 sheets, £0 2s 6d Axletree and winch, 1, £0 4s 3d Joiners' rubstones, 3, £0 8s 2¼d Hand hatchets, 4, £0 7s 9d Cooper's spokeshave, 1, £0 2s 0d Borax, ¼ lb, £0 3s 6½d Binding wire, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d Tripoli, 1 lb, £0 0s 7½d Total for ironware, £33 19s 5d Blue smalts for the linen, 6 lb, £0 10s 1½d Indigo for the linen, 6 lb, £0 10s 1½d Whiting for the Castle, 6 lb, £0 0s 2d Total for paint, £1 0s 5d Nuns' thread no. 36 for the Castle, 4 oz, £0 9s 2d Whitened brown thread for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 3s 5d Total for thread, £0 12s 7d Single deals for the packet boxes, 2, £0 3s 11d Wainscot board for the bakehouse, 1, £0 6s 7¾d Double deal, 1, £0 3s 5¾d Total for deals, £0 13s 11d Carried forward, £164 3s 1d Interpretations The carpenters' tool chest was completed on this page with full sets of planes: smoothing, trying and jack planes, six of each, with 72 spare plane irons. The jack plane took off rough timber, the trying plane trued long edges and the smoothing plane finished the surface. Ordering them in matched sets of six equipped a whole gang at once, not one man at a time. That fits the barracks work ordered on 25 June 1770, which needed doors, floors, window frames and stairs for a building to house 500 men. Tripoli was a fine siliceous earth, originally from North Africa, used as a polishing powder. With the borax and binding wire, it went to the armourer for brazing and finishing gun furniture. | |
305 | 1770 Brought Over £ 164 3 1 Turners Ware vizt. 3 Birch Brooms for the Castle and Lieu. Govr. House 1 1½ 2 Scrubing Brushes 5 1½ 1 Hair Sieve 1 9½ 9 Mops 11 3 2 Hair Brooms 4 7½ 2 Buckle Brushes 1 1½ 3 Brushes for Mahogy. tables 2 6¾ 1 Constable Staff for the Constable 8 3 2 Bushel Measures Store Use 4 2 2 Half do. 2 10 2 Peck do. 1 15 10 2 10 Hooks & Lines vizt. 150 No. 1 Hooks for the Castle and Lieu. Govr. Fishermen 7 8 100 13 do. small 8 12 3 Lines 4 1 24 2 do. 7 19 5 Braziers Ware vizt. 3½ lb. Gold Dutch Brass for Escutchns. Castle 5 5 1 Pr. Steel Snuffers Secy. Office 3 4 8 9 Tin Ware vizt. 1 Double Sheet Tin for Tinning Castle Furniture 8½ 2 lb. Solder 7 4 ½ Sal Ammoniac Castle 9 1 Globe Lamp 8 6¾ 17 4 Blocks 1 Double of 3 Inc. Store Use 1 10 Rozin 5 lb. Castle 5 Twine 30 Skains Store Use 1 7 Grindstones 1 Carpentrs. Shop 2 9 Corks 1 Gross Castle 13 3 Pewter 1 Bason do. 2 9 Carried Over £ 177 14 | The general expenses account continued from the total of £164 3s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £164 3s 1d Birch brooms for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 3, £0 1s 1½d Scrubbing brushes for the same houses, 2, £0 5s 1½d Hair sieve for the same houses, 1, £0 1s 9½d Mops for the same houses, 9, £0 11s 3d Hair brooms for the same houses, 2, £0 4s 7½d Buckle brushes for the same houses, 2, £0 1s 1½d Brushes for mahogany tables for the same houses, 3, £0 2s 6¾d Constable's staff for the constable, 1, £0 8s 3d Bushel measures for the stores' use, 2, £4 2s 0d Half-bushel measures for the stores' use, 2, £2 10s 0d Peck measures for the stores' use, 2, £1 15s 0d Total for turnery, £10 2s 10d No. 1 fish hooks for the Castle's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen, 150, £0 7s 8d No. 13 small fish hooks for the same fishermen, 100, £0 0s 8d No. 3 fishing lines for the same fishermen, 12, £0 4s 1d No. 2 fishing lines for the same fishermen, 24, £0 7s 0d Total for hooks and lines, £0 19s 5d Rolled latten brass for escutcheons for the Castle, 3½ lb, £0 5s 5d Steel snuffers for the secretary's office, 1 pair, £0 3s 4d Total for brazier's goods, £0 8s 9d Double sheet of tin for tinning the Castle's kitchen ware, 1, £0 0s 8½d Solder for the same, 2 lb, £0 7s 4d Sal ammoniac for the same, ½ lb, £0 0s 9d Globe lamp for the Castle, 1, £0 8s 6¾d Total for tinware, £0 17s 4d Double block of 3 inches for the stores' use, 1, £0 1s 10d Rosin for the Castle, 3 lb, £0 0s 5d Twine for the stores' use, 3 skeins, £0 1s 7d Grindstone for the carpenters' shop, 1, £0 2s 9d Corks for the Castle, 6 gross, £0 13s 3d Pewter basin for the Castle, 1, £0 2s 9d Carried forward, £177 14s 0d Interpretations The bushel, half-bushel and peck measures were the most expensive turnery on the page, costing over £8 for six vessels. They were standard measures, probably bound in iron and stamped against the Winchester bushel, the legal standard for grain and salt in England. The warehouse sold salt, pease and paddy by the bushel at every rate on its list. A worn or uncertain measure could cheat the buyer or the Company by a little on every sale. Replacing them with true measures protected the storekeeper against complaints, and protected the Company against hidden loss, at a time when the warehouse was busier than ever with the spring fleet. The constable's staff was the painted wooden truncheon that marked a constable's authority, carried when he made an arrest or kept the peace. John Seale had been sworn in as constable on 14 May 1770. The Company paid for the staff from general expenses, which shows that the parish constable was in practice an officer of the Company's government. | |
306 | 16th July Brought Over £ 177 14 Hats 1 Mans fine for the Parator of the Court 17 6 Glass ware vizt. 7 doz. Wine Glasses Castle 1 15 10½ 18 Tumblers 8 3 4 Pt. Decanters 9 3½ 2 13 5 Serge 7½ Yds. Blue for ye. Parat. of the Court 1 16 3 Shalloon 4½ do. Coloured for do. 8 1 Cutlery 4 doz. Green hand. Knives & Forks Castle 7 18 4 Earthen Ware 6 Tea Pots, Midling do. 5 8 Bunting 1 Yd. Blue Carpr. Shop 7 Shot 2 lb. Castle 5 Blankets 2 Ordy. for the Gardener 11 8 Haberdashery vizt. 5 Sl. Silk 2 6 4 do. Mohair 1 8 3 doz. Coat Gilt Coat Buttons 3 10½ 2½ do. Bt. do. 1 7½ 9 8 £ 192 15 7 Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30 June 1770 vizt. Oil vizt. 10¾ G. Linseed for painting Castle and Chapl. House 2 3 ¾ do. Oil of Turpentine 4 2 7 Deals vizt. 102 Single Deals for making a new Bellows in the Stores 9 19 9½ 20 Double do. 3 7 11 1 Baulk 8 11½ 13 16 8 Carried Over £ 16 3 8 | The general expenses account closed with the following items, carried on from the total of £177 14s 0d brought forward. The repairs account followed. Brought forward, £177 14s 0d Man's fine hat for the porter of the court, 1, £0 17s 6d Wine glasses for the Castle, 7 dozen, £1 15s 10½d Tumblers for the Castle, 18, £0 8s 3d Pint decanters for the Castle, 4, £0 9s 3½d Total for glass, £2 13s 5d Blue serge for the porter of the court, 7½ yards, £1 16s 3d Coloured shalloon for the porter of the court, 4½ yards, £0 8s 1d Green-handled knives and forks for the Castle, 4 dozen, £7 18s 4d Middling earthenware teapots, 6, £0 5s 8d Blue bunting for the carpenters' shop, 1 yard, £0 0s 7d Lead shot for the Castle, 2 lb, £0 0s 5d Ordinary blankets for the gardener, 2, £0 11s 8d Sewing silk, 5 skeins, £0 2s 6d Mohair thread, 5 skeins, £0 1s 8d Double gilt coat buttons, 3 dozen, £0 3s 10½d Double gilt breast buttons, 2½ dozen, £0 1s 7½d Total for haberdashery, £0 9s 8d Total charged to general expenses, £192 15s 7d Repairs account, stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Linseed oil for painting the Castle and the chaplain's house, 10¾ gallons, £2 3s 0d Oil of turpentine for the same, ¾ gallon, £0 4s 0d Total for oils, £2 7s 0d Single deals for making a new cellar in the stores, 102, £9 19s 9½d Double deals for the same, 20, £3 7s 11d Baulk of timber for the same, 1, £0 8s 11½d Total for deals, £13 16s 8d Carried forward, £16 3s 8d Interpretations The porter of the court was dressed at the Company's expense in a coat of blue serge lined with coloured shalloon, with gilt buttons, a stiffened buckram collar and a gentleman's hat. He was the officer who kept the door and summoned witnesses when the island's court sat. Putting him in livery made the court's authority visible in the streets of James Town. That mattered all the more after the year's sessions, which had seen slaves tried and one, Cupid, hanged. The Company presented its justice in the same official style as its salutes and its colours. The new cellar in the stores used 102 single deals and 20 double deals, the largest timber issue of the quarter. On 9 April 1770 James Powell had warned that there would be no room for the store ship's provisions, and the Council ordered the space between two storerooms roofed for salt meat. The cellar went further. A boarded, underground store kept casks of beef, pork and arrack cool and dark, which slowed spoilage and leakage. The losses of arrack and wine recorded on every arriving ship showed what heat and handling cost. A cool cellar protected stock that had already crossed half the world at great expense. | |
307 | 1770 Brought Over £ 16 3 8 Nails vizt. lb. d. 14 3 for makg. a New Cellar in the Stores 11 11½ 11 6 6 2½ 71 20 1 8 1¼ 29 40 12 3½ 2 19 Lines 2 No. 3 do. 4 Tin Ware 4 lb. Solder Lt. Govr. House 9 2 Iron 31 lb. for a Cellar in the Stores 5 10 Turners Ware 1 Plaistr. Brush do. 11 Glass Ware vizt. 2 Sqrs. 11 by 17½ for the Castle and Secy. Office Windows 2 8 1 do. 11 by 19 1 5 4 do. 10 by 12 4 4 9 do. 8 by 10 do. 5 3 4 do. 6 by 8 1 6 1 do. 11 by 9 1 4 1 do. 11 by 17½ 1 4 17 10 Paint vizt. 8 lb. Whiting to Repair the Chaplains House 2 110 White Lead mixed 2 1 3 6 Stone Oker do. 3 1½ 6 Bar. Blacking 3 1¾ 7 Copperas 11½ ½ Prussian Blue 5 9 10 Choc. Colour 5 10 3 3 £ 23 17 8 Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30 June 1770 vizt. Flour 1577 lb. 13 2 10 Arrack 96 Gallons 13 4 5 Carried Over £ 26 7 3 | The repairs account continued from the total of £16 3s 8d brought forward. The diet expenses account followed. Brought forward, £16 3s 8d Threepenny nails for making a new cellar in the stores, 14 lb, £0 11s 11½d Sixpenny nails for the same, 11 lb, £0 6s 2¼d Twentypenny nails for the same, 71 lb, £1 8s 1¼d Fortypenny nails for the same, 29 lb, £0 12s 3¾d Total for nails, £2 19s 0d No. 3 lines for the same, 2, £0 4s 0d Solder for the Lieutenant Governor's house, [...] lb, £0 9s 2d Iron for a cellar in the stores, 34 lb, £0 5s 10d Plasterer's brush, 1, £0 0s 11d Window glass for the Castle and the secretary's office, 2 panes 11 by 17½ inches, £0 2s 8d Window glass for the same, 1 pane 11 by 19 inches, £0 1s 5d Window glass for the same, 4 panes 10 by 12 inches, £0 4s 4d Window glass for the same, 9 panes 8 by 10 inches, £0 5s 3d Window glass for the same, 4 panes 6 by 8 inches, £0 1s 6d Window glass for the same, 1 pane 11 by 17 inches, £0 1s 4d Window glass for the same, 1 pane 11 by 17¾ inches, £0 1s 4d Total for glass, £0 17s 10d Whiting for repairing the chaplain's house, 8 lb, £0 0s 2d White lead, mixed, for the same, 112 lb, £2 1s 3d Stone ochre for the same, 6 lb, £0 3s 1½d Barrel blacking for the same, 6 lb, £0 3s 1¼d Copperas for the same, 7 lb, £0 0s 11½d Prussian blue for the same, ½ lb, £0 5s 9d Chocolate-coloured paint for the same, 10 lb, £0 5s 10d Total for paint, £3 0s 3d Total charged to repairs, £23 17s 8d Diet expenses account, stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Flour, 1,577 lb, £13 2s 10d Arrack, 91 gallons, £13 4s 5d Carried forward, £26 7s 3d Interpretations The public table drew more flour and arrack from the stores than in the first quarter of 1770. Flour rose from 1,369 lb to 1,577 lb and arrack from 72 gallons to 91. The extra went on the entertaining of the spring. Harry Verelst spent thirteen days ashore from 5 May, Charles Bourchier landed on 22 May, and a stream of commanders and passengers dined at the Castle while their ships lay in the road. The steward's accounts for May had already shown the cost in wine and meat. The diet account shows the bread, pastry and punch that went with them. Stone ochre was a natural yellow-brown earth pigment, ground in oil for a cheap stone-coloured finish on walls and woodwork. With white lead and chocolate paint, it gave the chaplain's house a full repainting that quarter. | |
308 | 16th July Brought Over £ 26 7 3 Beef & Pork vizt. 42 Ps. Beef 8 13 50 do. Pork 6 13 4 15 6 4 Rice 750 lb. 2 13 Coffee 40 lb. 1 13 4 Salt 2½ Bushels 7 6 Pepper 17 lb. 6 Pease ½ Bushl. 4 9 Tea vizt. 16 lb. Single 1 1 8 10 lb. Bohea 7 1 1 8 9 Sugar & Candy vizt. 267 lb. Sugar 3 6 9 533 Candy 11 2 1 258 do. Superf. 6 3 7 20 12 5 Oil 24 Bottles Florence 3 3 6 £ 72 2 10 Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30th June 1770 vizt. Deals vizt. 30 Double Deals for making Gd. Beds & for Coffins 5 1 10½ 70 Single do. 6 15 7½ 7 Baulks 3 2 9 15 3 Oil vizt. 99½ G. Train for the sevl. Guards & Barracks 16 3 4 ⅞ do. Linseed for markg. Blankets 1 6 16 4 10 Tea 72½ lb. for the sevl. Guards 2 11 4 Candles 40 lb. for Officers on Duty 4 10 10 Carried over £ 38 7 3 | The diet expenses account closed with the following items, carried on from the total of £26 7s 3d brought forward. The garrison account followed. Brought forward, £26 7s 3d Salt beef, 48 pieces, £8 13s 0d Salt pork, 50 pieces, £6 13s 4d Total for beef and pork, £15 6s 4d Rice, 750 lb, £2 13s 0d Coffee, 40 lb, £1 13s 4d Salt, 2½ bushels, £0 7s 6d Pepper, 12 lb, £0 6s 0d Pease, ½ bushel, £0 4s 9d Singlo tea, 16 lb, £1 1s 8d Bohea tea, 10 lb, £0 7s 1d Total for tea, £1 8s 9d Sugar, 267 lb, £3 6s 9d Sugar candy, 533 lb, £11 2s 1d Superfine sugar candy, 258 lb, £6 3s 7d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £20 12s 5d Florence oil, 24 bottles, £3 3s 6d Total charged to diet expenses, £72 2s 10d Garrison account, stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Double deals for making guard beds and coffins, 30, £5 1s 10½d Single deals for the same, 70, £6 15s 7½d Baulks of timber for the same, 7, £3 2s 9d Total for deals, £15 0s 3d Train oil for the several guards and the barracks, 99½ gallons, £16 3s 4d Linseed oil for marking blankets, ⅞ gallon, £0 1s 6d Total for oils, £16 4s 10d Tea for the several guards, 72½ lb, £2 11s 4d Candles for the officers on duty, 40 lb, £4 10s 10d Carried forward, £38 7s 3d Interpretations The public table cost £72 2s 10d in stores that quarter, against £57 7s 1d in the first quarter of 1770. Most of the increase was sugar and candy, which rose from 799 lb to 1,058 lb, including 258 lb of superfine candy. That was the costly Chinchew candy the Earl of Lincoln had brought in April at 9 taels 5 mace a picul. The Council kept the best of it for the table that entertained Governor Verelst and Governor Bourchier. Sixteen pounds of Singlo and 24 bottles of Florence oil went the same way. The linseed oil for marking blankets shows how the garrison protected its bedding. Blankets issued to the barracks were stamped or painted with the Company's mark in oil-based colour that would not wash out. A soldier short of money could otherwise sell his blanket to a settler or a sailor, then claim another. A marked blanket could be identified anywhere on the island, and a man caught selling Company stores could be punished. The guard beds and coffins took another hundred deals, the same pairing that appeared in the first quarter. The garrison built its sentries' bunks and its dead men's coffins from the same stock of timber. | |
309 | 1770 Brought Over £ 38 7 3 Nails vizt. lb. d. 19 4 for making Guard Beds & Coffins 11 10½ 35 3 1 6 3 8 6 4 6 12 40 5 3 8 20 3 2 8 10 3 3½ 2 14 9 Canvas Ps. Yds. 3 0 Eng. Canvas for mak. Cots 8 2 9 Soldiers Cloaths vizt. 331 Soldrs. Coats & Breeches for Clothing the Garrison 481 2 2 16 Corpls. do. & do. 24 10 8 14 Drumrs. do. & do. 46 14 8 19 Sergts. do. & do. 99 5 6 64 Matrosses do. & do. 131 12 8 4 Artil. Corpls. do. & do. 8 16 4 do. Sergts. do. & do. 20 5 8 Gunners do. & do. 18 9 4 Bombard. do. & do. 11 17 6 1 Marshals do. & do. 2 11 6 845 4 8 Shirts vizt. 439 Soldrs. Shirts do. 98 15 6 23 Sergeants do. 7 17 2 2½ Ps. Irish Linen 3 13 10 173 Rolers 5 15 4 116 1 10 Hats vizt. 439 Soldiers do. 60 11 6 24 Sergeants 14 3 20 Officers Gold Laced 40 4 4 1 Marshals 11 6 115 10 4 Shoes 462 Pr. Mens Ordy. do. 105 17 6 Hosiers Ware 462 Pr. Yd. Thd. Stockings do. 67 17 1 Carried Over £ 1299 16 2 | The garrison account continued from the total of £38 7s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £38 7s 3d Fourpenny nails for making guard beds and coffins, 19 lb, £0 11s 10½d Threepenny nails for the same, 35 lb, £1 6s 3d Sixpenny nails for the same, 8 lb, £0 4s 6d Fortypenny nails for the same, 12 lb, £0 5s 3d Twentypenny nails for the same, 8 lb, £0 3s 2d Tenpenny nails for the same, 8 lb, £0 3s 3½d Total for nails, £2 14s 9d English canvas for making cots, 3 pieces, £8 2s 9d Soldiers' coats and breeches for clothing the garrison, 331 suits, £481 2s 2d Corporals' coats and breeches for the same, 16 suits, £24 10s 8d Drummers' coats and breeches for the same, 14 suits, £46 14s 8d Sergeants' coats and breeches for the same, 19 suits, £99 5s 6d Matrosses' coats and breeches for the same, 64 suits, £131 12s 8d Artillery corporals' coats and breeches for the same, 4 suits, £8 16s 0d Artillery sergeants' coats and breeches for the same, 4 suits, £20 5s 0d Gunners' coats and breeches for the same, 8 suits, £18 9s 0d Bombardiers' coats and breeches for the same, 4 suits, £11 17s 6d Marshal's coat and breeches for the same, 1 suit, £2 11s 6d Total for soldiers' clothing, £845 4s 8d Soldiers' shirts for the same, 439, £98 15s 6d Sergeants' shirts for the same, 23, £7 17s 2d Irish linen for the same, 2½ pieces, £3 13s 10d Ruffles for the same, 173, £5 15s 4d Total for shirts, £116 1s 10d Soldiers' hats for the same, 439, £60 11s 6d Sergeants' hats for the same, 24, £14 3s 0d Officers' hats with gold lace for the same, 30, £40 4s 4d Marshal's hat for the same, 1, £0 11s 6d Total for hats, £115 10s 4d Men's ordinary shoes for the same, 462 pairs, £105 17s 6d Men's thread stockings for the same, 462 pairs, £67 17s 1d Carried forward, £1,299 16s 2d Interpretations This was the garrison's annual issue of new clothing, and it was the largest single charge in all the quarter's accounts. Every soldier, drummer, matross and non-commissioned officer received a new coat and breeches, a shirt, a hat, a pair of shoes and a pair of stockings, at a cost of more than £1,200 to the Company. The suits had come out from England in the spring ships, made up to a set pattern. The issue was free, which set it apart from the shoes and shirts the men bought at the warehouse during the year with the cost stopped out of their pay. The yearly suit was the Company's side of the bargain. Everything that wore out sooner was the soldier's own expense. The numbers give a head count of the garrison at midsummer 1770. There were 439 shirts and hats for the rank and file, 462 pairs of shoes and stockings, 23 sergeants and 30 officers. That was a larger force than the pay list for the quarter to 31 March 1770, which carried about 370 privates and matrosses. The difference matches the 95 recruits brought by the British King and Harcourt and the men retained by the March re-enlistment bounties. It also confirms why the Council ordered the barracks enlarged on 25 June 1770 to hold 500 men, since a building meant for 200 could not take the force it now clothed. | |
310 | 16th July Brought Over £ 1299 16 2 Paint vizt. 1 lb. Chocolate Colour for markg. Blankts. 7 2 W. Lead dry 7½ ½ Verdigrease 1 6 Whiting for cleaning Accoutr. 1½ 2 4 Blankets vizt. 2 Fine 1 1 101 Ordy. 29 9 2 30 10 2 Beef & Pork vizt. 204 Ps. Pork from Ireland & Differ. Weight to the Garrison 27 4 95 Ps. Given to the Recruits on their landing 17 2 4 44 6 4 Lines 24 No. 2 for Whips 7 Arrack 14 G. for Muster drams & given to Recruits 2 1 2 Flour 412 lb. do. 4 4 Twine 16 Skains for Cots 7 3 Iron 84 lb. for making Cott pins & for the Recruits 15 Iron Ware vizt. 1 Pad Lock Mn. Guard 1 8½ 19 Ash Helves for S. Way Gd. & Barracks 11 1 1 Blank Key Ware 7½ 12 Pick Axes do. 2 2 6 Iron Shovels do. 1 7 3 4 2 8 Tin Ware 5 Lamps for ye. sevl. Guards 4 2 Haberdashery vizt. 290 Hair Stocks for Soldiers 9 13 4 20 Shoulr. Straps 9 19 4 7½ doz. Gilt C. Buttons for Regimtls. for the Officers 5 10 50 do. do. Bt. do. do. 1 14 3 Haberdashery Carrd. over £ 26 7 11 Carried Over £ 1386 12 7 | The garrison account continued from the total of £1,299 16s 2d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,299 16s 2d Chocolate-coloured paint for marking blankets, 1 lb, £0 0s 7d Dry white lead for the same, 2 lb, £0 0s 7½d Verdigris for the same, ½ lb, £0 1s 0d Whiting for cleaning accoutrements, 6 lb, £0 0s 1½d Total for paint, £0 2s 4d Fine blankets, 2, £1 1s 0d Ordinary blankets, 101, £29 9s 2d Total for blankets, £30 10s 2d Salt pork for an invalid and to make up short weight in the garrison's issue, 204 pieces, £27 4s 0d Salt meat given to the recruits on their landing, 95 pieces, £17 2s 4d Total for beef and pork, £44 6s 4d No. 2 lines for whips, 24, £0 7s 0d Arrack for muster drams and for the recruits, 14 gallons, £2 1s 2d Flour for the recruits, 482 lb, £4 0s 4d Twine for cots, 14 skeins, £0 7s 3d Iron for making coffin pins and for the recruits, 84 lb, £0 15s 0d Padlock for the main guard, 1, £0 1s 8½d Axe handles for the several guards and the barracks, 19, £0 11s 1d Blank key for the barracks, 1, £0 0s 7½d Pickaxes, 12, £2 2s 0d Iron shovels, 6, £1 7s 3d Total for ironware, £4 2s 8d Lamps for the several guards, 5, £0 4s 2d Hair stocks for the soldiers, 290, £9 13s 4d Shoulder straps, 20, £9 19s 4d Gilt coat buttons for the officers' regimentals, 75 dozen, £5 0s 10d Gilt breast buttons for the officers' regimentals, 50 dozen, £1 14s 5d Haberdashery carried forward, £26 7s 11d Carried forward, £1,386 12s 7d Interpretations The recruits were met on landing with food and drink at the Company's expense. They received 95 pieces of salt meat, 482 lb of flour and arrack, with iron for their needs. The 95 pieces match the 95 men for whom the surgeons of the British King and Harcourt were paid 5s a head on 14 May 1770, so each man was given one piece of meat. Men just off a three-month passage were often weak with scurvy and short rations. A first meal and a dram, given before they were drafted into the companies, eased their arrival. Charging it to the garrison account rather than to their pay kept the new men from starting their service in debt. The twenty-four lines for whips were the cords for the cat-o'-nine-tails, twice the twelve issued in the first quarter of 1770. With a garrison swollen by recruits, the courts martial written up by Sergeant James Goudy had more men to try. The Company paid for discipline in the same account that fed and clothed the men. | |
311 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1386 12 7 Haberdashery brought Over £ 26 7 11 100 Sl. Silk for the Officers 2 10 100 Mohair 2 1 8 6 Whale Bone for Soldrs. Hats 1 16 3 Gro narrow worsted Lace for Waistcoats 1 17 300 Cockades for Soldiers 5 6 3 39 18 10 Thread vizt. 10 lb. Whit. Brown for making the Officers and Pt. Soldiers Cloaths 3 7 11 25 Coloured 3 18 1 7 6 Broad Cloth vizt. 89 Yds. Scarlet for Officers Cloathing 89 26 do. Blue 23 8 112 8 Buckram 60 Yards do. 2 10 Shalloon 157½ do. Scarlet do. 19 7 2 £ 1568 2 7 Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30 June 1770 Vizt. Arrack 339 Gallons 46 17 Rice 17851 lb. 63 15 Beef & Pork vizt. 1062 Ps. Beef 191 7 7 1440 do. Pork 192 8 383 15 7 Sugar 288 lb. 3 12 Tea 123 lb. Bohea 4 7 1 Shoes vizt. 49 Pr. Mens Ordy. for the Honble. Men 11 4 7 15 Pr. Womens Calf Leather for the Women 1 17 6 13 2 1 Pepper 5 lb. 2 6 Carried Over £ 515 11 3 | The garrison account closed with the following items, carried on from the totals brought forward. The account of the Company's slaves followed. Brought forward, £1,386 12s 7d Haberdashery brought forward, £26 7s 11d Sewing silk for the officers, 100 skeins, £2 10s 0d Mohair thread for the officers, 100 skeins, £2 1s 8d Whalebone for soldiers' hats, 6 lb, £1 16s 0d Narrow worsted lace for waistcoats, 3 gross, £1 17s 0d Cockades for the soldiers, 300, £5 6s 3d Total for haberdashery, £39 18s 10d Whitened brown thread for making the officers' and soldiers' clothes, 10 lb, £3 7s 11d Coloured thread for the same, 25 lb, £3 18s 1d Total for thread, £7 6s 0d Scarlet broadcloth for the officers' clothing, 89 yards, £89 0s 0d Blue broadcloth for the same, 26 yards, £23 8s 0d Total for broadcloth, £112 8s 0d Buckram for the same, 60 yards, £2 10s 0d Scarlet shalloon for the same, 157½ yards, £19 7s 2d Total charged to the garrison, £1,568 2s 7d Account of the Company's slaves, stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Arrack, 319 gallons, £46 17s 0d Rice, 17,851 lb, £65 15s 0d Salt beef, 1,062 pieces, £191 7s 7d Salt pork, 1,440 pieces, £192 8s 0d Total for beef and pork, £383 15s 7d Sugar, 288 lb, £3 12s 0d Bohea tea, 123 lb, £4 7s 1d Men's ordinary shoes for the Company's men, 49 pairs, £11 4s 7d Women's calf leather shoes for the women, 15 pairs, £1 17s 6d Total for shoes, £13 2s 1d Pepper, 5 lb, £0 2s 6d Carried forward, £515 11s 3d Interpretations The garrison account came to £1,568 2s 7d for the quarter, more than twelve times the £124 9s 3d charged in the quarter to 31 March 1770. Almost all the difference was the annual clothing issue, which this quarter included the officers' own regimentals. The Company provided 89 yards of scarlet broadcloth, 26 yards of blue, 157½ yards of scarlet shalloon for linings and 75 dozen gilt buttons. That cloth was enough for some thirty officers' coats, so the Company dressed its officers as well as its men in the year's uniform. That was unusual. In the King's army at the same date, officers paid for their own uniforms out of their pay. On St Helena the Company bore the cost, because officers' salaries were too small for them to dress at London prices on an island that had no tailor's materials of its own. The slaves' rations changed in make-up between the two quarters. Rice rose from 14,381 lb to 17,851 lb and salt beef from 574 pieces to 1,062, while pork fell from 2,350 pieces to 1,440. The warehouse fed the slaves from whatever casks it had in hand. Captain Hardwicke's 424 pieces of beef, taken on 11 April 1770, and the beef from other ships that spring explain the shift. For the first time the Company also bought shoes for its own working slaves: 49 pairs for the men and 15 for the women. In the first quarter only the Governor's household servants had been shod. The men at work on the quarries, the roads and the demi-bastion went barefoot over the island's sharp volcanic stone. Shoes were probably a way to keep them fit for heavy labour rather than a kindness. | |
312 | 16th July Brought Over £ 515 11 3 Salt ⅞ Bushl. 1 11 Sope 8 lb. for the Lieu. Govr. Servants 4 8 Oil 3 Galls. Train 9 9 Longcloth vizt. 1½ Ps. No. for do. 1 15 16½ do. Bro. for the Women 24 15 26 10 Hosiers Ware 1 Pr. Mens Stockings do. 2 9 Serge vizt. 29 Yds. Green Serge for the Govr. Servants 5 16 2 do. Scarlet do. 10 6 6 6 6 Shalloon 10 Yds. Scarlet do. 1 4 7 Haberdashery vizt. 9 Sl. Silk for the Govr. Servants 4 6 15 do. Mohair 6 3 ½ Gro. narr. worsted Lace 3 1 9 doz. Gilt C. Buttons 11 7½ 16 do. Bt. do. 10 4 10 Ps. Tape for the Women 5 7½ 2 1 5 Blankets 51 Ordy. 14 17 6 Kersey 16 Yds. for the Women 3 4 Chelloes 65 Ps. do. 26 16 3 Thread vizt. 5 Whit. Brown for the Women & Castle Servants 1 13 11½ 5 Coloured 15 7½ 2 9 7 Buckram 5 Yards for ye. Castle Servants 4 2 Canvas 101 do. Osnb. for ye. Women 4 3 11 Sailors Cloaths vizt. 64 Mens & Boys Jackets Old 22 4 103 do. & do. Breeches do. 13 15 205 do. & do. Shirts do. 34 10 5 64 Dutch Caps do. 5 3 5 Sailors Cloaths Carrd. over £ 75 12 10 Carried Over £ 604 8 3 | The account of the Company's slaves continued from the total of £515 11s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £515 11s 3d Salt, ⅝ bushel, £0 1s 11d Soap for the Lieutenant Governor's servants, 8 lb, £0 4s 8d Train oil, 3 gallons, £0 9s 9d Long cloth for the same servants, 1½ pieces, £1 15s 0d Brown long cloth for the women, 16½ pieces, £24 15s 0d Total for long cloth, £26 10s 0d Women's stockings, 1 pair, £0 2s 9d Green serge for the Governor's servants, 29 yards, £5 16s 0d Scarlet serge for the same, 2 yards, £0 10s 6d Total for serge, £6 6s 6d Scarlet shalloon for the same, 10 yards, £1 4s 7d Sewing silk for the Governor's servants, 9 skeins, £0 4s 6d Mohair thread for the same, 15 skeins, £0 6s 3d Narrow worsted lace for the same, ½ gross, £0 3s 1d Gilt coat buttons for the same, 9 dozen, £0 11s 7½d Gilt breast buttons for the same, 16 dozen, £0 10s 4d Tape for the women, 10 pieces, £0 5s 7½d Total for haberdashery, £2 1s 5d Ordinary blankets, 51, £14 17s 6d Kersey for the women, 16 yards, £3 4s 0d Chelloes for the women, 65 pieces, £26 16s 3d Whitened brown thread for the women and the Castle servants, 5 lb, £1 13s 11½d Coloured thread for the same, 5 lb, £0 15s 7½d Total for thread, £2 9s 7d Buckram for the Castle servants, 3 yards, £0 4s 2d Tecklenburg canvas for the women, 101 yards, £4 3s 11d Men's and boys' jackets, second-hand, 64, £22 4s 0d Men's and boys' breeches, second-hand, 103 pairs, £13 15s 0d Men's and boys' shirts, second-hand, 205, £34 10s 5d Dutch caps, second-hand, 64, £5 3s 5d Sailors' clothes carried forward, £75 12s 10d Carried forward, £604 8s 3d Interpretations The Company clothed its slaves in two quite different ways. The women received new cloth to be made up: 16½ pieces of long cloth, 65 pieces of chelloe, kersey, Tecklenburg canvas, thread and tape. The 16½ pieces of long cloth at 30s a piece were part of the Anjengo cloth the Council bought on 18 June 1770, when the stores had nothing coarse enough for the women. The men and boys were dressed in second-hand sailors' clothes: 64 jackets, 103 pairs of breeches, 205 shirts and 64 Dutch caps. The obvious course was to issue the same new cloth to both. The Council instead bought up the cast-off slops of the homeward fleet, the worn clothing that crews sold or left behind at the end of a voyage, because it cost far less than new cloth. A Dutch cap was the knitted woollen cap worn by seamen of every nation. The Governor's household slaves were treated differently again. Their green serge, scarlet trimming, gilt buttons and worsted lace were the makings of a livery in the house colours. Servants who waited at the Castle table before visiting governors and commanders were dressed to reflect the Governor's rank. The labourers on the works wore whatever the ships had discarded. | |
313 | 1770 Brought Over £ 604 8 3 Sailors Cloaths Brought Over £ 75 12 10 109 Dutch Caps New 8 5 140 Pr. Mens long Canv. Trowsrs. New 9 10 8 33 Pr. Boys do. do. 2 5 4 105 Mens Blue Duffle Jackets do. 35 6 6 70 do. do. Cloth Breeches do. 13 17 2 141 do. Shirts do. 23 14 8 4 Boys Green Duffle Jackets do. 1 2 4 169 14 6 Tin Ware 2 Lamps 1 8 Hooks & Lines vizt. 138 No. 2 Lines for the Fishermen 2 3 126 3 do. 2 2 10½ 275 1 Hooks 8 11½ 275 9 do. 7 5 250 11 do. 4 1½ 250 16 do. 1 4 5 4 11 £ 779 9 4 Mallays Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30 June 1770 vizt. Arrack 12½ Gallons 1 16 9 Flour 24 lb. 4 Sugar 76 lb. 19 Beef 19 Ps. 3 3 6 Salt ½ Bushel 1 6 Oil 2 Bottles Florence 5 4 Coffee 4 lb. 3 4 Candles 13 lb. 1 14 1 Pepper 4 lb. 2 Ticking 6 Yards 18 9 Rice 336 lb. 1 4 Sope 12 lb. 7 Carried Over £ 11 1 3 | The account of the Company's slaves closed with the following items, carried on from the totals brought forward. The account of the Malays followed. Brought forward, £604 8s 3d Sailors' clothes brought forward, £75 12s 10d Dutch caps, new, 109, £8 5s 0d Men's long canvas trousers, new, 140 pairs, £9 10s 8d Boys' long canvas trousers, new, 33 pairs, £2 5s 4d Men's blue duffle jackets, new, 103, £35 6s 6d Men's cloth breeches, new, 70 pairs, £13 17s 2d Men's shirts, new, 141, £23 14s 8d Boys' green duffle jackets, new, 4, £1 2s 4d Total for sailors' clothes, £169 14s 6d Tin lamps, 2, £0 1s 8d No. 2 fishing lines for the fishermen, 138, £2 0s 3d No. 3 fishing lines for the same, 126, £2 2s 10½d No. 1 fish hooks for the same, 275, £0 8s 11½d No. 9 fish hooks for the same, 275, £0 7s 5d No. 11 fish hooks for the same, 250, £0 4s 1½d No. 16 fish hooks for the same, 250, £0 1s 4d Total for hooks and lines, £5 4s 11d Total charged to the Company's slaves, £779 9s 4d Account of the Malays, stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Arrack, 12½ gallons, £1 16s 9d Flour, 24 lb, £0 4s 0d Sugar, 76 lb, £0 19s 0d Salt beef, 19 pieces, £3 3s 6d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 6d Florence oil, 2 bottles, £0 5s 4d Coffee, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d Candles, 15 lb, £1 14s 1d Pepper, 4 lb, £0 2s 0d Ticking, 6 yards, £0 18s 9d Rice, 336 lb, £1 4s 0d Soap, 12 lb, £0 7s 0d Carried forward, £11 1s 3d Interpretations The cost of keeping the Company's slaves rose from £524 3s 0d in the quarter to 31 March 1770 to £779 9s 4d. Nearly all the rise was clothing. The male slaves received a full annual issue of sea clothing, both new and second-hand: duffle jackets, canvas trousers, shirts and Dutch caps. This was the slaves' counterpart to the soldiers' yearly suit, issued in the same quarter. The Company bought it in bulk as sailors' slops because slop-sellers in London made such clothing cheaply and in standard sizes for the whole merchant fleet. The Company's own fishermen were stocked with more than 1,000 hooks and 264 lines in the quarter, far more than the 300 hooks issued to the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen in the first quarter. These were Company slaves set to fish for the rest. With 74 cattle dead and the herd falling, fish caught by the Company's own boats could stretch the salt-meat ration. It cost the Company only tackle and the labour of men it already owned. | |
314 | 16th July Brought Over £ 11 1 3 Tea vizt. 2 lb. Single 2 8 8 Bohea 5 8 8 4 £ 11 9 7 Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30th June 1770 vizt. Rice & Paddy vizt. 612 lb. Rice for Poultry 2 4 6416 Paddy for do. & Horses 11 13 11 13 17 11 Iron Ware vizt. 5 Sheets Sand Paper for the Groom 5 6 Garden Hoes for the Garden 7 9 1 Blank Key for the Malda. do. 7½ 18 Ash Helves for the Plant. & do. 10 6 4 Pick Axes do. 14 26 Scyth Stones do. & do. 4 10½ 12 Mouse Traps do. 6 9 8 Spring Rat do. do. 11 10 3 Scythes do. 16 3 1 Hand Hatchet do. 1 8 1 Pruning Saw do. 2 3 16 8 Beef 13 Ps. for the Steward 2 6 10 Nails vizt. lb. d. 20 6 for the Fruit Garden and Long Wood 11 3 5 10 2 3½ 2 4 1 3 1 3 9 2 20 9½ 16 4 Carried Over £ 20 17 9 | The account of the Malays closed with tea, carried on from the total of £11 1s 3d brought forward. The plantation account followed. Brought forward, £11 1s 3d Singlo tea, 2 lb, £0 2s 8d Bohea tea, 8 lb, £0 5s 8d Total for tea, £0 8s 4d Total charged to the Malays, £11 9s 7d Plantation account, stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Rice for the poultry, 672 lb, £2 4s 0d Paddy for the poultry and the horses, 6,416 lb, £11 13s 11d Total for rice and paddy, £13 17s 11d Sandpaper for the groom, 5 sheets, £0 0s 5d Garden hoes for the garden, 6, £0 7s 9d Blank key for the Maldivia garden, 1, £0 0s 7½d Axe handles for the plantations and gardens, 18, £0 10s 6d Pickaxes for the same, 4, £0 14s 0d Scythe stones for the same, 26, £0 4s 10½d Mousetraps for the same, 12, £0 6s 9d Spring rat traps for the same, 8, £0 11s 10d Scythes for the same, 3, £0 16s 3d Hand hatchet for the same, 1, £0 1s 8d Pruning saw for the same, 1, £0 2s 0d Total for ironware, £3 16s 8d Salt beef for the steward, 13 pieces, £2 6s 10d Sixpenny nails for the Fort garden and Longwood, 20 lb, £0 11s 3d Tenpenny nails for the same, 5 lb, £0 2s 3½d Fourpenny nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 1s 3d Threepenny nails for the same, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d Twentypenny nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 0s 9½d Total for nails, £0 16s 4d Carried forward, £20 17s 9d Interpretations The plantations were fighting a plague of rats. In one quarter they took 12 mousetraps and eight spring rat traps, when the first quarter of 1770 had needed none at all. Rats had been brought to St Helena by ships and had overrun the island long before. They ate seed, young crops, eggs and stored grain. The paddy fed to the poultry and horses rose to 6,416 lb that quarter, and every bag stored in the plantation's barns was exposed to them. The constable's bounty for rats killed, paid in March 1770, shows the same struggle in James Town. Traps were cheaper than the grain they saved. Longwood was the Company's farm on the high, windswept plateau in the east of the island, where its cattle and sheep grazed. The nails sent there and to the Fort garden were for repairing pens, gates and sheds. The Maldivia garden in the valley above James Town had its own slave quarters, repaired with 75 rafters in January 1770, and now needed a new key to its stores. The plantation system spread across the island, from sheltered gardens near the town to open grazing on the uplands. | |
315 | 1770 Brought Over £ 20 17 9 Deals vizt. 1 Single Deal for the Fruit Garden 1 11½ 2 Double do. 6 9½ 8 9 Cordage 36 lb. for the Castle & Carts 12 6 Canvas 1 Yd. Osenb. for the Groom 9 Pitch & Tar vizt. 20 lb. Pitch for the Garden 2 1 4 Galls. Tar for Carts 3 5 1 Cutlery Ware 18 Butch. Knives for the Plantations 7 10 Turners Ware vizt. 2 Yokes for Oxen for the Carts 1 7 4 Ox Bows 4 8 6 Birch Brooms for the Garden 2 3 2 Butchers Trays Long Wood 2 9 1 16 8 Sadlery vizt. 3 Girths for the Stables 15 2 Bridles 2 16 3 11 Paint 4 lb. Verdigr. for paintg. Garden Chairs 15 8 Oil vizt. ½ G. Train for the Stables 1 7 ⅛ Oil of Turpentine for painting Garden Chairs 8 2 3 £ 28 18 3 Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30th June 1770 vizt. Sugar 315 lb. 3 18 9 Flour 315 lb. 2 12 6 Rice 315 lb. 1 2 Salt 1⅝ Bushls. 4 10 Carried Over £ 7 18 1 | The plantation account closed with the following items, carried on from the total of £20 17s 9d brought forward. The hospital account followed. Brought forward, £20 17s 9d Single deal for the Fort garden, 1, £0 1s 11½d Double deals for the Fort garden, 2, £0 6s 9½d Total for deals, £0 8s 9d Cordage for the Castle and the carts, 36 lb, £0 12s 6d Osnaburg canvas for the groom, 1 yard, £0 0s 9d Pitch for the garden, 20 lb, £0 2s 1d Tar for the carts, 4 gallons, £0 3s 0d Total for pitch and tar, £0 5s 1d Butchers' knives for the plantations, 18, £0 7s 10d Ox yokes for the carts, 2, £1 7s 0d Ox bows for the carts, 4, £0 4s 8d Birch brooms for the garden, 6, £0 2s 3d Butchers' trays for Longwood, 2, £0 2s 9d Total for turnery, £1 16s 8d Girths for the stables, 3, £0 15s 0d Bridles for the stables, 2, £2 16s 0d Total for saddlery, £3 11s 0d Verdigris for painting the garden chairs, 4 lb, £0 15s 8d Train oil for the stables, ½ gallon, £0 1s 7d Oil of turpentine for painting the garden chairs, ⅛ gallon, £0 0s 8d Total for oils, £0 2s 3d Total charged to the plantation, £28 18s 3d Hospital account, stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Sugar, 315 lb, £3 18s 9d Flour, 315 lb, £2 12s 6d Rice, 315 lb, £1 2s 0d Salt, 1⅝ bushels, £0 4s 10d Carried forward, £7 18s 1d Interpretations The hospital drew exactly 315 lb each of sugar, flour and rice, as it had drawn 359 lb of each in the first quarter of 1770. The equal amounts show that the sick diet was issued as a fixed daily allowance per patient, made up in equal parts of the three. The total for the quarter therefore measured how many patient-days the hospital had. The fall from 359 to 315 lb suggests slightly fewer men in the wards between April and June, despite the garrison's growth and the deaths recorded that season. The recruits who landed in May were given food and drink on arrival rather than being sent straight to hospital. The plantation account rose from £18 13s 0d to £28 18s 3d. Most of the increase was harness for the ox carts and the stables: yokes, bows, girths and bridles. Ox teams drew the carts that carried stone and timber to the new works and hauled produce down from Longwood. Verdigris and turpentine for painting the garden chairs show that the Fort garden served also as a pleasure ground. The Governor and his guests sat out there on painted green seats, kept fresh at the Company's cost. | |
316 | 16th July Brought Over £ 7 18 1 Oil vizt. 10⅞ G. Train 1 14 6 2¼ do. Linseed 9 1 2 3 7 Tea 37 lb. Bohea 1 6 2 China Ware 36 Sneekers 12 Tin Ware vizt. 1 G. Saucepan with a Cover 2 9 ¼ Salammoniac 9 2 Solder 1 10 5 Tin Lamps 4 2 9 6 Canvas 30 Yds. English 1 18 9 Nails 6 lb. 3d. 4 6 Twine vizt. 2 Sl. Twine 1 ½ Cottn. Wick 7 1 7 Iron Ware 1 Hand Hatchet 1 8 Blankets 12 Ordy. 3 10 Flanel 12 Yards 1 6 £ 19 11 10 Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30th June 1770 vizt. Cordage 2183 lb. for the Boats in Genl. 34 2 2 Arrack 13½ Galls. for Men employed Haul. up & L. Long Boats 1 19 8 Nails vizt. lb. d. 32 6 for the Boats in General 18 6 34 10 15 7 24 4 15 14 40 6 1½ 2 3 1 6 15 2 12 9½ 3 9 6 Carried Over £ 39 11 4 | The hospital account closed with the following items, carried on from the total of £7 18s 1d brought forward. The boats account followed. Brought forward, £7 18s 1d Train oil, 10⅜ gallons, £1 14s 6d Linseed oil, 2¼ gallons, £0 9s 1d Total for oils, £2 3s 7d Bohea tea, 37 lb, £1 6s 2d China sneakers, 36, £0 12s 0d One-gallon saucepan with a cover, 1, £0 2s 9d Sal ammoniac, ¼ lb, £0 0s 9d Solder, 2 [...], £0 1s 10d Tin lamps, 5, £0 4s 2d Total for tinware, £0 9s 6d English canvas, 30 yards, £1 18s 9d Threepenny nails, 6 lb, £0 4s 6d Twine, 2 skeins, £0 1s 0d Cotton wick, ½ lb, £0 0s 7d Total for twine, £0 1s 7d Hand hatchet, 1, £0 1s 8d Ordinary blankets, 12, £3 10s 0d Flannel, 12 yards, £1 6s 0d Total charged to the hospital, £19 11s 10d Boats account, stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Cordage for the boats in general, 2,183 lb, £34 2s 2d Arrack for the men hauling up the longboats, 13½ gallons, £1 19s 8d Sixpenny nails for the boats in general, 32 lb, £0 18s 6d Tenpenny nails for the same, 34 lb, £0 15s 7d Fourpenny nails for the same, 24 lb, £0 15s 0d Fortypenny nails for the same, 14 lb, £0 6s 1½d Threepenny nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d Twopenny nails for the same, 15 lb, £0 12s 9½d Total for nails, £3 9s 6d Carried forward, £39 11s 4d Interpretations The boats used more than twice as much rope as in the first quarter of 1770: 2,183 lb against 872 lb. The quarter covered the spring fleet, when the landing worked almost without pause to carry cargo between ships and shore. It also brought the early winter gales, one of which drove a longboat out to sea on 4 May 1770. The 13½ gallons of arrack for hauling up the longboats show the boats being dragged clear of the surf onto the beach, either for repair or to save them from the heavy swell. Each haul needed a gang of men on ropes, and they were paid in drams. The hospital account rose from £12 10s 3d to £19 11s 10d, mostly for blankets, flannel and canvas. Twelve new blankets and 12 yards of flannel were issued as the island's damp winter set in. Flannel was used for under-waistcoats, bandages and the warm wrappings then prescribed for rheumatism and chest complaints. The canvas probably made new cots for the wards. | |
317 | 1770 Brought Over £ 39 11 4 Deals vizt. 3 Wainst. Boards for the Boats in Genl. 19 9 12 Double Deals 2 9 9 Single do. 17 5 4 Baulks 1 15 10 2 Coffins 6 2 1 Elm Board 4 6 3 11 Canvas vizt. 6 Ps. Eng. do. 15 2 3 44 Yds. Tecklen 1 18 6 17 9 Twine 22 Sk. Long Boats 11 6 Leather 280 lb. Sole Bts. in Genl. 2 19 9 Iron 509 lb. Long Boats 4 15 5 Pitch & Tar vizt. 2 B. Tar for the Boats in General 2 4 3 do. Pitch 3 7 47 Rozin 6 10 300 Turpentine 3 2 6 9 4 Oil vizt. 15⅝ G. Train do. 2 9 7 4½ do. Linseed 18 2 3 7 9 Paint vizt. 98 Brimstone 1 5 1 B. Blacking 7 1 1 Turners Ware vizt. 12 Birch Brooms for the Bs. in Genl. 4 6 2 Wood Bowls 2 1 3 Platters 3 4 9 11 Carried Over £ 85 1 8 | The boats account continued from the total of £39 11s 4d brought forward. Brought forward, £39 11s 4d Wainscot boards for the boats in general, 3, £0 19s 9d Double deals for the same, 12, £2 0s 9d Single deals for the same, 9, £0 17s 5d Baulks of timber for the same, 4, £1 15s 10d Coffins for the same, 2, £0 6s 2d Elm board for the same, 1, £0 4s 0d Total for deals, £6 3s 11d English canvas for the same, 6 pieces, £15 2s 3d Tecklenburg canvas for the same, 44 yards, £1 18s 6d Total for canvas, £17 0s 9d Twine for the longboats, 22 skeins, £0 11s 6d Sole leather for the boats in general, 56 lb, £2 19s 9d Iron for the longboats, 509 lb, £4 15s 5d Tar for the boats in general, 2 barrels, £2 4s 0d Pitch for the same, 3 barrels, £3 7s 0d Rosin for the same, 47 lb, £0 6s 10d Turpentine for the same, 300 lb, £3 2s 6d Total for pitch and tar, £9 0s 4d Train oil for the same, 15½ gallons, £2 9s 7d Linseed oil for the same, 4½ gallons, £0 18s 2d Total for oils, £3 7s 9d Brimstone for the same, 98 lb, £1 0s 5d Blacking for the same, 1 lb, £0 0s 7d Total for paint, £1 1s 0d Birch brooms for the same, 12, £0 4s 6d Wooden bowls for the same, 2, £0 2s 1d Platters for the same, 3, £0 3s 4d Total for turnery, £0 9s 11d Carried forward, £85 1s 8d Interpretations The boats account was already almost double the £47 16s 0d of the whole first quarter, and it was not yet complete. Six whole pieces of English canvas meant new suits of sails, and 509 lb of iron meant new ironwork for the longboats: rudder hangings, ringbolts and knees. Together with the timber and the large stock of pitch, tar and turpentine, these point to rebuilding or replacing boats, not routine repair. The Company had lost two longboats that spring, one taken by Jeremiah Whorrill and Robert Frankish on 17 April and one driven to sea in the gale of 4 May. The yawl bought from Captain Stewart on 11 June filled only part of the gap. The landing could not work without its boats, so the Council spent freely to bring the boat service back to strength before the next fleet arrived. | |
318 | 16th July Brought Over £ 85 1 8 Iron Ware vizt. 2 Small Fryg. Pans Long Boats 2 1 2 Large do. 8 2 3 Hand Hatchets 5 ¾ ¼ lb. Tinnd. Tacks 6¼ 15 10 Iron Pots 3 Wt. 57 lb. do. 10 8 Blocks vizt. 2 Double Blocks with Brass Shi. 10 3½ 2 do. do. of 8 Inches 3 7½ 8 Single do. of 2 do. 8 2 1 2 1 Tin Ware vizt. 4 Single Sheets Tin Long Boats 1 4 5 Double do. 3 5 4 9 Oars 6 for do. 16 6 Lines 2 Deep Sea do. 9 7 Anchors 2 Grapnals do. 1 17 8 £ 90 18 9 Mundens Point Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30th June 1770 vizt. Iron Ware vizt. 12 Masons Point & Broad Tools 1 8 3 24 do. Inch & Point do. 1 11 2 Plaistr. Sieves 9 5 14 Pr. Dove Tail Hinges 8 6 3 17 2 Oil vizt. 4⅝ Galls. Linseed 19 2 ⅛ do. Train 5 ⅛ do. Oil Turpentine 8 1 3 Carried Over £ 4 17 5 | The boats account closed with the following items, carried on from the total of £85 1s 8d brought forward. The account for Munden's Point followed. Brought forward, £85 1s 8d Small frying pans for the longboats, 2, £0 2s 1d Large frying pans for the same, 2, £0 8s 2d Hand hatchets for the same, 3, £0 5s 0¾d Tinned tacks for the same, ½ lb, £0 0s 6¼d Total for ironware, £0 15s 10d Iron pots weighing 57 lb for the same, 3, £0 10s 8d Double blocks with brass sheaves, 2, £0 10s 3½d Double blocks of 8 inches, 2, £0 3s 7½d Single blocks of 2 inches, 8, £0 8s 2d Total for blocks, £1 2s 1d Single sheets of tin for the longboats, 4, £0 1s 4d Double sheets of tin for the same, 5, £0 3s 5d Total for tinware, £0 4s 9d Oars for the same, 6, £0 16s 6d Deep-sea lines for the same, 2, £0 9s 7d Grapnels for the same, 2, £1 17s 8d Total charged to the boats, £90 18s 9d Account for Munden's Point, stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Masons' boasters and broad tools, 12, £1 8s 3d Masons' inch tools and points, 24, £1 11s 0d Plasterers' sieves, 2, £0 9s 5d Dovetail hinges, 14 pairs, £0 8s 6d Total for ironware, £3 17s 2d Linseed oil, 4⅝ gallons, £0 19s 2d Train oil, ⅛ gallon, £0 0s 5d Oil of turpentine, ⅛ gallon, £0 0s 8d Total for oils, £1 0s 3d Carried forward, £4 17s 5d Interpretations The boats account closed at £90 18s 9d, nearly twice the first quarter's £47 16s 0d. The last items complete the fitting-out of a replacement longboat. It had grapnels to hold her off the rocks at the landing, oars, blocks for her tackle, deep-sea lines and pots and pans for her crew. The two grapnels alone cost almost as much as six oars. A grapnel was a small anchor with four or five hooked flukes. It gripped the rocky bottom off James Town where a flat anchor would drag, and every boat that worked the landing needed one. The boats lost in April and May had carried their grapnels away with them. | |
319 | 1770 Brought Over £ 4 17 5 Cordage 1197 lb. 18 14 8 Iron 39 lb. 7 4 Deals vizt. 31 Single deals 2 19 1½ 6 Double do. 1 4½ 1 Baulk 8 11 4 8 5 Nails vizt. lb. d. 10 40 4 4½ 10 20 3 11½ 12 4 7 6 4 3 3 2 2 1 8 4 10 1 10 ½ Glaz. Brads 10 1 3 2 Glass Ware vizt. 69 Sq. 8 by 10 1 15 7 8 do. 6 by 8 3 1 18 7 Paint vizt. 18 Whiting 1½ 24 W. Lead mixd. 9 6 B. Blacking 3 6 1 Copperas 1½ 13 10 Turners Ware vizt. 6 Paint Brushes 2 7½ 2 Wood Bowls 2 1½ 2 Platters 2 2 6 11 £ 32 10 4 | The account for Munden's Point continued from the total of £4 17s 5d brought forward and closed with the total for the quarter. Brought forward, £4 17s 5d Cordage, 1,197 lb, £18 14s 8d Iron, 39 lb, £0 7s 4d Single deals, 31, £2 19s 1½d Double deals, 6, £1 0s 4½d Baulk of timber, 1, £0 8s 11d Total for deals, £4 8s 5d Fortypenny nails, 10 lb, £0 4s 4½d Twentypenny nails, 10 lb, £0 3s 11½d Fourpenny nails, 12 lb, £0 7s 6d Threepenny nails, 4 lb, £0 3s 0d Twopenny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 8d Tenpenny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 10d Glazing brads, ½ lb, £0 0s 10d Total for nails, £1 3s 2d Window glass, 69 panes 8 by 10 inches, £1 15s 7d Window glass, 3 panes 6 by 8 inches, £0 3s 0d Total for glass, £1 18s 7d Whiting, 18 lb, £0 0s 4½d White lead, mixed, 24 lb, £0 9s 0d Barrel blacking, 6 lb, £0 3s 6d Copperas, 1 lb, £0 0s 11½d Total for paint, £0 13s 10d Paint brushes, 6, £0 2s 7½d Wooden bowls, 2, £0 2s 1½d Platters, 2, £0 2s 2d Total for turnery, £0 6s 11d Total charged to Munden's Point, £32 10s 4d Interpretations Munden's Point cost £32 10s 4d in stores that quarter, against £18 19s 1d in the first. The rope accounted for most of the difference: 1,197 lb, over a ton of rope, compared with 32 lb before. Munden's Point stood on a cliff above the sea at the eastern side of James Bay. Stone, lime and guns could be brought there only by hauling them up the rock face with tackles and sheers, and the rope wore through on the rough basalt. Sixty-nine panes of glass, masons' finishing tools, hinges and paint point to the buildings at the battery being glazed, fitted and painted. On 2 July 1770 Captain Tippet reported that he expected to finish Munden's Point in the coming quarter, and the stores show the work in its final stage. | |
320 | 16th July Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30 June 1770 vizt. Deals vizt. 4 Single deals 7 9 ½ Baulk 4 6 12 3 Twine 38 Sks. 19 9 Candles 5 lb. 6 10 Canvas 4 Yds. Engh. 5 2 Cordage 17 lb. 5 4 Iron 96 lb. 18 Thread 1 lb. Coloured 3 1 Lines 6 No. 3 2 1 Iron Ware 12 Sail Needles 9 Nails vizt. lb. d. 6 40 2 7½ 18 6 10 1½ 6 4 3 9 3 3 2 3 18 9 £ 4 12 Lemon Valley Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30 June 1770 vizt. Iron Ware vizt. 11 Ash Helves 6 5 2 Mauls 19 2 1 5 7 Cordage 138½ lb. 2 3 3 Oil ¼ G. Train 10 Leather 4½ lb. Sole 5 10 Nails 1 lb. 3d. 9 Iron Pots 1 Wt. 24 lb. 4 6 Iron & Steel vizt. 132 lb. Iron 1 4 9 44 Steel 4 8 1 9 5 Carried Over £ 5 10 2 | The storekeeper next listed the stores issued between 1 April and 30 June 1770 and charged to the fortifications, and then those charged to Lemon Valley. Single deals for the fortifications, 4, £0 7s 9d Baulk of timber, ½, £0 4s 6d Total for deals, £0 12s 3d Twine, 38 skeins, £0 19s 9d Candles, 3 lb, £0 6s 10d English canvas, 4 yards, £0 5s 2d Cordage, 17 lb, £0 5s 4d Iron, 96 lb, £0 18s 0d Coloured thread, 1 lb, £0 3s 1d No. 3 lines, 6, £0 2s 1d Sail needles, 12, £0 0s 9d Fortypenny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 7½d Sixpenny nails, 18 lb, £0 10s 1½d Fourpenny nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 9d Threepenny nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 3d Total for nails, £0 18s 9d Total charged to the fortifications, £4 12s 0d Account for Lemon Valley, stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Axe handles, 11, £0 6s 5d Mauls, 2, £0 19s 2d Total for ironware, £1 5s 7d Cordage, 135½ lb, £2 3s 3d Train oil, ¼ gallon, £0 0s 10d Sole leather, 4½ lb, £0 5s 10d Threepenny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d Iron pot weighing 24 lb, 1, £0 4s 6d Iron, 132 lb, £1 4s 9d Steel, 4 lb, £0 4s 8d Total for iron and steel, £1 9s 5d Carried forward, £5 10s 2d Interpretations The general fortifications account fell from £18 16s 1d in the first quarter of 1770 to £4 12s 0d. Over the same period the separate accounts for Munden's Point and Lemon Valley grew. The Council's work had moved from repairs spread across the batteries to completing two named projects, each with its own account. The iron and steel sent to Lemon Valley went to the smith who kept the quarrymen's and masons' tools in order. Steel was welded onto the edges of picks, wedges and chisels, which blunted fast on the island's hard basalt and had to be re-steeled again and again. The iron pot fed the gang camped at the valley, which was reached only by sea from James Town. | |
321 | 1770 Brought Over £ 5 10 2 Turners Ware vizt. 1 Wood Bowl 1 ¾ 1 Platter 1 1¼ 1 Lab. Basket 6 9 8 11 £ 5 19 1 James's Valley Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of April to the 30 June 1770 vizt. Iron Ware vizt. 1 Maul 9 7 10 Ash Helves 5 10 1 Large Frying Pan 4 1 19 6 Turners Ware 3 Lab. Baskets 3 4 Cordage 57 lb. 17 10 Lines 1 Deep Sea 4 10 Oil 1⅛ Gallons Train 4 6 £ 2 10 Errors Excepted (signed) James Powell Storekeeper St. Helena 30th June 1770 | The account for Lemon Valley closed with the following items, carried on from the total of £5 10s 2d brought forward. The account for James's Valley followed. Brought forward, £5 10s 2d Wooden bowl, 1, £0 1s 0¾d Platter, 1, £0 1s 1¼d Labourer's basket, 1, £0 6s 9d Total for turnery, £0 8s 11d Total charged to Lemon Valley, £5 19s 1d Account for James's Valley, stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1770 Maul, 1, £0 9s 7d Axe handles, 10, £0 5s 10d Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 1d Total for ironware, £0 19s 6d Labourers' baskets, 3, £0 3s 4d Cordage, 57 lb, £0 17s 10d Deep-sea line, 1, £0 4s 10d Train oil, 1⅜ gallons, £0 4s 6d Total charged to James's Valley, £2 10s 0d James Powell, the storekeeper, signed the accounts at St Helena on 30 June 1770, with errors excepted. Interpretations The James's Valley account fell from £14 13s 7d in the first quarter of 1770 to £2 10s 0d, and Lemon Valley from £8 3s 8d to £5 19s 1d. The masons' boasters, mallets and squares of the earlier quarter did not appear again. The east bastion in James's Valley was finished, and by 25 June 1770 the Council recorded Lemon Valley as complete except for clearing the watercourse. The small quantities of stores in both valleys show the end of one building programme. In the same accounts, the carpenters' tools issued under general expenses show the next one, the barracks, already being prepared. | |
322 | 16th July List of the Honble. Company's Officers and Servants upon the Island St. Helena with their several Salary's, Diet Money &c.a for the Quarter ending 30 June 1770 vizt. John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Salary £ 150 do. Allowance for Servants 31 14 9 181 14 9 Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor 62 10 do. Diet Money 25 87 10 Mr. Matthew Burling of Council 32 10 do. Accountant 17 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. Gratuity 15 80 William Bearcroft Chaplain 40 do. Diet Money 15 55 James Tippet Engineer from 9th May @ £ 200 pr. Ann. 29 10 do. House Rent from do. @ £ 10 pr. Ann. 1 9 30 9 10 Matthew Bazett Secretary 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 James Powell Storekeeper 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 William Wrangham eldest Factor 15 do. Diet Money 10 do. Assistant to the Governor 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. as Paymaster 12 10 50 Jonathan Doveton Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Assistant Storekeeper 5 30 Britannicus Wright Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Collector of the Customs 12 10 37 10 Carried Over £ 642 4 7 | The list of the Company's officers and servants for the quarter ending 30 June 1770 began as follows. John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d Total for John Skottowe, £181 14s 9d Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d Total for Daniel Corneille, £87 10s 0d Matthew Purling, as member of Council, £32 10s 0d Matthew Purling, as accountant, £17 10s 0d Matthew Purling, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Purling, gratuity, £15 0s 0d Total for Matthew Purling, £80 0s 0d William Bearcroft, chaplain, salary, £40 0s 0d William Bearcroft, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for William Bearcroft, £55 0s 0d James Tippet, engineer, from 9 May at £200 a year, £29 0s 10d James Tippet, house rent from the same date at £10 a year, £1 9s 0d Total for James Tippet, £30 9s 10d Matthew Bazett, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Matthew Bazett, £45 0s 0d James Powell, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d James Powell, diet money, £15 0s 0d James Powell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Powell, £45 0s 0d William Wrangham, eldest factor, salary, £15 0s 0d William Wrangham, diet money, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, as assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d William Wrangham, as paymaster, £12 10s 0d Total for William Wrangham, £50 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, as assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d Total for Jonathan Doveton, £30 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, diet money, £10 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, house rent, £2 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, as collector of the customs, £12 10s 0d Total for Britannicus Wright, £37 10s 0d Carried forward, £642 4s 7d Interpretations James Tippet was paid as engineer at £200 a year, from 9 May 1770, the day the Council opened the Court's packets from the British King and Harcourt. That was the largest salary on the island after the Governor's and the Lieutenant Governor's. It was five times a writer's pay and four times what a factor received in salary and allowances combined. The Court had appointed him chiefly as an engineer, paid as a specialist, and not as an ordinary captain. That explains his protest on 18 June 1770 against being put on the infantry duty roster. His salary showed where the Directors thought his value lay. The Council's insistence that he also take his turn as captain set the Court's priorities against the garrison's shortage of officers. | |
323 | 1770 Brought Over £ 642 4 7 John Goodwin Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 25 George Bazett Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Clerk of the Works 6 16 10½ 26 16 10½ James Desfountain Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 20 William Doveton Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 17 10 Robert Barclay Surgeon 19 15 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 32 5 John Pritchard do. Mate 13 15 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 26 5 Philip Mahony Clerk of the Peace 27 10 do. House Rent 2 10 30 Thomas Bazett Superintendt. of the Works 25 Hugh Jones do. of the Blacks 10 Samuel Alexander Overseers 7 10 John Worrall 15 John Crofton Mason 20 John Robinson Carpenter 25 James Hogg do. Mate 12 10 John Dalewater Cooper 15 John Roberts Armourer 15 Solomon St. Maurice Master at Arms 6 5 Robert Leech Steward 7 10 Thomas Yates Clerk of the Church 5 John Joyce Clock & Instrumt. Cleaner 1 5 Robert Allan Groom 2 John Criswell Patroon of the Long Boats 7 10 John Price Marshal & Goaler 7 10 Carried Over £ 1002 1 5½ | The list of officers and servants continued from the total of £642 4s 7d brought forward. Brought forward, £642 4s 7d John Gordon, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d John Gordon, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Gordon, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Gordon, £25 0s 0d George Bazett, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d George Bazett, diet money, £10 0s 0d George Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d George Bazett, as clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d Total for George Bazett, £26 16s 10½d James Desfountain, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Desfountain, £20 0s 0d William Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d William Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d Total for William Doveton, £17 10s 0d Robert Barclay, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d Robert Barclay, diet money, £10 0s 0d Robert Barclay, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Barclay, £32 5s 0d John Pritchard, surgeon's mate, salary, £13 15s 0d John Pritchard, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Pritchard, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Pritchard, £26 5s 0d Philip Mahony, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 10s 0d Philip Mahony, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Philip Mahony, £30 0s 0d Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d Samuel Alexander, overseer, £7 10s 0d John Worrall, overseer, £15 0s 0d John Preston, mason, £20 0s 0d John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d James Hay, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d John Drawater, cooper, £15 0s 0d John Robins, armourer, £15 0s 0d Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d Robert Leech, steward, £7 10s 0d Thomas Yates, clerk of the church, £5 0s 0d John Joyce, clock and instrument cleaner, £1 5s 0d Robert Allum, groom, £2 0s 0d John Criswell, coxswain of the longboats, £7 10s 0d John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d Carried forward, £1,002 1s 5½d Interpretations The surgeon and his mate both received large rises in pay. Robert Barclay's salary went from £9 15s 0d to £19 15s 0d a quarter, and John Pritchard's from £6 5s 0d to £13 15s 0d. Both men had been among those summoned on 9 May 1770 to hear the Court's orders read from the new packets. The rises were the Court's decision, sent out in those packets. The Directors had perhaps accepted that a surgeon on £39 a year could not be kept on an island where fever and injury took men every month. The garrison was about to grow by almost a hundred recruits, and the hospital's work would grow with it. William Holbrook, the master mason, no longer appeared on the list, and his mate John Preston was now entered simply as mason at the same £20 a quarter. The Council did not appoint a new master mason at Holbrook's £25. Preston took on the work without the title or the higher pay. With the stone bastions finished and the next big job being the barracks, the Council needed carpenters more than masons. It saved Holbrook's extra salary rather than recruit a replacement from England. | |
324 | 16th July Brought Over £ 1002 1 5½ James Carmichell Gardiner from 9th May 5 16 2 To the Drum Major for Instructg. the Young Drummers 1 John Congreve Judge Advocate from 9 May 7 5 2½ do. School master from do. 4 7 1½ do. House Rent do. 1 9 1 13 1 5 First Company vizt. Daniel Corneille Captain 59 6 3 Solomon St. Maurice 1st Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 34 4 4½ Charles Ross Stewart 2 Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Adjutant 18 5 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 52 9 4½ William Caldwell 3 Lieu. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ William Roberts Town Adjutant 32 3 4½ Sergeants vizt. Henry Howell 7 11 8 John Minors 7 11 8 George Seal 7 11 8 Thomas Mears 7 11 8 Thomas Pearce from 8th May Entd. 4 10 34 16 8 Corporals vizt. Abraham Jewis 5 6 2 Henry Clarke 5 6 2 Andrew Alexander 5 6 2 Patrick Newland 5 6 2 21 4 8 Drummers vizt. John Keats 5 6 2 Richard Playfoot 5 6 2 George Watts 5 6 2 15 18 6 Carrd. over £ 1308 16 4½ | The list of officers and servants continued from the total of £1,002 1s 5½d brought forward, followed by the First Company. Brought forward, £1,002 1s 5½d James Carmichael, gardener, from 9 May, £5 16s 2d Drum major, for teaching the young drummers, £1 0s 0d John Congreve, judge advocate, from 9 May, £7 5s 2½d John Congreve, schoolmaster, from the same date, £4 7s 1½d John Congreve, house rent, from the same date, £1 9s 1d Total for John Congreve, £13 1s 5d Daniel Corneille, captain of the First Company, £59 6s 3d Solomon St Maurice, first lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Solomon St Maurice, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Solomon St Maurice, £34 4s 4½d Charles Ross Stewart, second lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Charles Ross Stewart, as adjutant, £18 5s 0d Charles Ross Stewart, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Charles Ross Stewart, £52 9s 4½d William Caldwell, second lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d William Caldwell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d William Caldwell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Caldwell, £36 14s 4½d William Roberts, town adjutant, £32 3s 1½d Henry Howell, sergeant, £7 11s 8d John Ullman, sergeant, £7 11s 8d George Seale, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Mean, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Pearce, sergeant, from 8 May, £4 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £34 16s 8d Abraham Jarvis, corporal, £5 6s 2d Henry Clarke, corporal, £5 6s 2d Andrew Alexander, corporal, £5 6s 2d Patrick Nowland, corporal, £5 6s 2d Total for corporals, £21 4s 8d John Swaks, drummer, £5 6s 2d Richard Ratfoot, drummer, £5 6s 2d George Watts, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £15 18s 6d Carried forward, £1,308 16s 4½d Interpretations The Court's packets of 9 May 1770 filled the posts left empty since Richard Beale senior died on 7 October 1769. John Congreve came out as both judge advocate and schoolmaster, with a house, and his pay ran from the day the packets were opened. The island had been without a judge advocate to conduct its courts martial and without a schoolmaster for seven months. Sergeant James Goudy had been paid separately to write up the courts martial in the meantime, and families had taught their children at home. The Court combined the two offices in one man, as it had with Beale, because neither post alone was worth a salary that would bring a qualified man to St Helena. The second lieutenants were given a large rise. Charles Ross Stewart and William Caldwell drew £22 16s 3d each in the first quarter of 1770. Now they drew £27 7s 6d, the same rate as a first lieutenant. "The second lieutenants" were among those summoned on 9 May to hear the Court's orders. The Court had evidently raised all second lieutenants to the first lieutenants' rate, perhaps to stop junior officers leaving the service on pay that was too low to live on. Every other rank's pay rose only because the quarter had 91 days instead of 90. | |
325 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1308 16 4½ Private vizt. John Beckmans 3 15 10 Moses Griffin 3 15 10 John Bull 3 15 10 Timothy Bryan 3 15 10 Emanuel Bunner 3 15 10 William Benson 3 15 10 Benjamin Barclay 3 15 10 Richard Brown 3 15 10 Thomas Berwick 3 15 10 Mark Balls 3 15 10 Joseph Beecham 3 15 10 Stephen Basset from 8th May Entd. 2 5 Joseph Branson 9 do. 2 4 2 Edward Coker 3 15 10 Patrick Conner 3 15 10 John Charlton 3 15 10 William Coppin 3 15 10 Antony Clarke 3 15 10 Arundel Carnes 3 15 10 John Coulson 3 15 10 John Cooker from 8th May Entd. 2 5 Ralph Clavering from 9 do. 2 4 2 Thomas Coleman do. do. 2 4 2 John Davis 3 15 10 John Dove 3 15 10 James Drake 3 15 10 Adam Evans 3 15 10 Henry Fansha 2 4 2 John Ellis 9 May Entd. 3 15 10 Willm. Fisher 3 15 10 William French 2 5 Willm. Robert Ford Entd. 8th May 3 15 10 William Greenwood 3 15 10 John Grainger Private Carrd. over £ 117 19 2 Carried Over £ 1308 16 4½ | The privates of the First Company followed, carried on from the total of £1,308 16s 4½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,308 16s 4½d John Buchanans, private, £3 15s 10d Moses Biffen, private, £3 15s 10d John Bull, private, £3 15s 10d Timothy Byrne, private, £3 15s 10d Emanuel Bonner, private, £3 15s 10d William Benson, private, £3 15s 10d Benjamin Barclay, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Broom, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Berwick, private, £3 15s 10d Mark Batts, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Beecham, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Bassett, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Joseph Branson, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Edward Corker, private, £3 15s 10d Patrick Connor, private, £3 15s 10d John Charlton, private, £3 15s 10d William Coppin, private, £3 15s 10d Antony Clarke, private, £3 15s 10d Arundel Carnes, private, £3 15s 10d John Coulson, private, £3 15s 10d John Corker, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Ralph Clavering, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Thomas Coleman, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d John Davis, private, £3 15s 10d John Dove, private, £3 15s 10d James Drake, private, £3 15s 10d Adam Evans, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Eastear, private, £3 15s 10d John Ellis, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d William Fisher, private, £3 15s 10d William French, private, £3 15s 10d William Robert Ford, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d William Greenwood, private, £3 15s 10d John Grainger, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £117 19s 2d Carried forward, £1,308 16s 4½d Interpretations The new privates entered on 8 and 9 May were the recruits landed from the British King, which arrived on the night of 8 May, and the Harcourt, which came in the next morning. Each man's pay began on the day his ship landed him, not on the day he enlisted in England. The Company paid nothing for the months at sea, when the ship's commander fed the recruits under his charter. The recruits were spread across the companies in alphabetical batches. This page alone shows seven of them in the First Company. | |
326 | 16th July Brought Over £ 1308 16 4½ Private brought Over £ 117 19 2 William Henderson 3 15 10 John Hourston 3 15 10 Philip Hayes 3 15 10 John Hammond 3 15 10 John Hill 3 15 10 Thomas Hutching 3 15 10 John Harrison from 16th April Entd. 3 3 4 John Harlett 8 May do. 2 5 William Jones 3 15 10 Thomas Love 3 15 10 Duncan McLaren 3 15 10 William Mumford 3 15 10 John McAlister 3 15 10 James Miller 3 15 10 William Mudge 3 15 10 William Pobe 3 15 10 William Pitt from 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 William Robinson 3 15 10 Thomas Rogers 3 15 10 Anthony Reynolds 3 15 10 George Roe 3 15 10 Thomas Rhodes from 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 Stephen Redding from 8th do. do. 2 5 William Rodland 8 do. do. 2 5 William Swaby 3 15 10 John Stewart 3 15 10 Edward Stevenson 3 15 10 Joseph Stacey 3 15 10 William Smith 3 15 10 James Snell 3 15 10 James Swanson to 17th May died 2 10 John Stevens to 11th April Transd. 9 2 Geo. Southwood from 13th do. Entd. 3 6 8 Private Carried Over £ 229 2 6 Carried Over £ 1308 16 4½ | The privates of the First Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £1,308 16s 4½d Privates brought forward, £117 19s 2d William Henderson, private, £3 15s 10d John Hourston, private, £3 15s 10d Philip Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d John Hammond, private, £3 15s 10d John Hill, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hutching, private, £3 15s 10d John Harrison, private, enlisted 16 April, £3 3s 4d John Hurley, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d William Jones, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Love, private, £3 15s 10d Duncan McLaren, private, £3 15s 10d William Mumford, private, £3 15s 10d John McAllister, private, £3 15s 10d James Miller, private, £3 15s 10d William Mudge, private, £3 15s 10d William Page, private, £3 15s 10d William Potts, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d William Robinson, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Rogers, private, £3 15s 10d Anthony Reynolds, private, £3 15s 10d George Roe, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Rhodes, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Stephen Redding, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d William Rowland, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d William Swaby, private, £3 15s 10d John Stewart, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Stevenson, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Stacey, private, £3 15s 10d William Smith, private, £3 15s 10d James Snell, private, £3 15s 10d James Swanson, private, to 18 May, died, £2 0s 10d John Shores, private, to 11 April, transferred, £0 9s 2d George Southwood, private, enlisted 13 April, £3 6s 8d Privates carried forward, £229 2s 6d Carried forward, £1,308 16s 4½d Interpretations James Swanson's pay stopped on 18 May 1770, the day the Council recorded his death, and the garrison buried him with a volley the next day. The pay list and the artillery account for May agree on the date. John Harrison and George Southwood joined in April, before the recruit ships came in. They were perhaps seamen who took the bounty from one of the China ships in the road that month. The Council went on enlisting single men from passing ships even while it expected a draft from England. | |
327 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1308 16 4½ Private Brought Over £ 229 2 6 John Springthorp 3 15 10 William Saunders from 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 Christopher Smith from 3 June do. 1 3 4 William Tipper 3 15 10 John Tanton 3 15 10 Thomas Townsend 3 15 10 William Thomas from 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 John Thistlewood from 8th do. do. 2 5 Joseph Valentine 3 15 10 John Whittingdale 3 15 10 Benjamin Weid 3 15 10 Thomas Windall 3 15 10 George Wall 3 15 10 Bartholemew Welch 3 15 10 John Willson 3 15 10 Timothy Walton 3 15 10 John Waters from 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 Henry Wood from 8th do. do. 2 5 John White from 9th do. do. 2 4 2 289 2 6 Second Company vizt. Henry Bazett Captain 59 6 3 Michael Frost Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Thomas Lambert Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ John Bazett Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. John Salisbury 7 11 8 William Herrick 7 11 8 Francis Scott 7 11 8 Joseph Whaley 7 11 8 James Glynn from 8th Entd. 4 10 34 16 8 Carried Over £ 1802 4 11 | The privates of the First Company closed with the following names, carried on from the totals brought forward. The Second Company followed. Brought forward, £1,308 16s 4½d Privates brought forward, £229 2s 6d John Springthorp, private, £3 15s 10d William Saunders, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Christopher Smith, private, enlisted 3 June, £1 3s 4d William Tipper, private, £3 15s 10d John Tanton, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Townsend, private, £3 15s 10d William Thomas, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d John Thistlewood, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Joseph Valentine, private, £3 15s 10d John Whittingdale, private, £3 15s 10d Benjamin Wise, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Windall, private, £3 15s 10d George Wall, private, £3 15s 10d Bartholomew Welch, private, £3 15s 10d John Willson, private, £3 15s 10d Timothy Walters, private, £3 15s 10d John Waters, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Henry Wood, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d John White, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Total for privates of the First Company, £289 2s 6d Henry Bazett, captain of the Second Company, £59 6s 3d Michael Frost, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Michael Frost, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Michael Frost, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Michael Frost, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Lambert, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Lambert, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Lambert, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Lambert, £36 14s 4½d John Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Bazett, £36 14s 4½d John Salisbury, sergeant, £7 11s 8d William Merrick, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Francis Seale, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £7 11s 8d James Elgin, sergeant, enlisted 8 May, £4 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £34 16s 8d Carried forward, £1,802 4s 11d Interpretations James Elgin, like Thomas Pearce in the First Company, joined straight into the rank of sergeant on the day the recruit ships arrived. The usual course was to promote a corporal from within the company, as had happened when Robert Hopkinson was discharged in March 1770. The Court instead sent out men already holding the rank, probably former soldiers of the King's army enlisted in England as sergeants. A trained sergeant could drill and manage the raw recruits arriving with him. That mattered when nearly a hundred untrained men joined the garrison in one week. John Springthorp, a corporal in the First Company in the quarter to 31 March 1770, now appeared as a private. He had been reduced, the usual punishment for a non-commissioned officer's misconduct. Michael Frost was still paid full lieutenant's pay for the quarter, even though the Council put him on half pay on 16 June 1770. The Council probably let the change take effect from the next quarter rather than divide his pay for the last fortnight of June. | |
328 | 16th July Brought over £ 1802 4 11 Corporals vizt. Joseph McAtency 5 6 2 Willm. Harris 5 6 2 William Jones 5 6 2 Charles Holloway 5 6 2 21 4 8 Drummers vizt. John Brown 5 6 2 Benjamin Seale 5 6 2 10 12 4 Private vizt. Robert Allison 3 15 10 William Birch 3 15 10 William Brooks 3 15 10 Daniel Bye 3 15 10 Henry Batchelor 3 15 10 John Blavin 3 15 10 William Conquest 3 15 10 William Carter 3 15 10 John Cunningham 3 15 10 John Daily 3 15 10 William Dunnan 3 15 10 Nicholas Dennis from 26th April Entd. 2 15 Peter Ellam 3 15 10 Patrick Elrington 3 15 10 John Forbes 3 15 10 William Fullwood 3 15 10 John Goodall 3 15 10 John Gray 3 15 10 Robert Gunn 3 15 10 Philip Gleeson 3 15 10 Robert Wm. Grosvenor 3 15 10 Nicholas Godfrey from 6th April Entd. 3 11 8 William Harris 3 15 10 Abraham Harding 3 15 10 Private Carrd. over £ 89 15 Carried over £ 1834 1 11 | The Second Company's list continued from the total of £1,802 4s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,802 4s 11d Joseph McAdney, corporal, £5 6s 2d William Harris, corporal, £5 6s 2d William Jones, corporal, £5 6s 2d Charles Holloway, corporal, £5 6s 2d Total for corporals, £21 4s 8d John Brown, drummer, £5 6s 2d Benjamin Seale, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £10 12s 4d Robert Allum, private, £3 15s 10d William Birch, private, £3 15s 10d William Brooks, private, £3 15s 10d Daniel Boyce, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Batchelor, private, £3 15s 10d John Blavin, private, £3 15s 10d William Conquest, private, £3 15s 10d William Carter, private, £3 15s 10d John Cunningham, private, £3 15s 10d John Dailey, private, £3 15s 10d William Drennan, private, £3 15s 10d Nicholas Dennis, private, enlisted 26 April, £2 15s 0d Peter Ellam, private, £3 15s 10d Patrick Etherington, private, £3 15s 10d John Forbes, private, £3 15s 10d William Fulwood, private, £3 15s 10d John Goodsole, private, £3 15s 10d John Gray, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Gunn, private, £3 15s 10d Philip Gleeson, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Richmond Grosvenor, private, £3 15s 10d Nicholas Godfrey, private, enlisted 6 April, £3 11s 8d William Harris, private, £3 15s 10d Abraham Harding, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £89 15s 0d Carried forward, £1,834 1s 11d Interpretations Patrick Etherington had been a drummer of the Second Company in the quarter to 31 March 1770, and Benjamin Seale a private. Now their places were reversed. Benjamin Seale was one of the island boys enlisted as drummers on 2 October 1769 and carried as a private until a drummer's place fell free. Moving him onto the drum and Etherington into the ranks kept the number of drummers fixed. It also gave the island-born boy the post he had been trained for. As with George Wills and John Harper in the Fourth Company, a drummer who had outgrown the drum was moved to the ranks as soon as a trained boy was ready to replace him. | |
329 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1834 1 11 Private Brought Over £ 89 15 Samuel Hiles 3 15 10 John Holebrook 3 15 10 James Hudson 3 15 10 Thomas Hales 3 15 10 John Ham 3 15 10 Augustine Hitchcock 3 15 10 Thomas Hart 3 15 10 Robert Hardie 3 15 10 Samuel Inslove 3 15 10 William Johnson 3 15 10 John James 3 15 10 Francis Jackson 3 15 10 John Jacobs 3 15 10 Samuel Hitson 3 15 10 Henry Kirkham 3 15 10 John King 3 15 10 William Klingsel 3 15 10 Thomas Kite 3 15 10 Henry Miller 3 15 10 John Morris 3 15 10 John McCullen 3 15 10 William McPeth 3 15 10 Thomas Matthews 3 15 10 Thomas Morgan 3 15 10 Reeves Osborn 3 15 10 George Oliver 3 15 10 John Pavy 3 15 10 Stephen Price 3 15 10 Jacob Pykes 3 15 10 Samuel Pacter 3 15 10 Thomas Palmer 3 15 10 William Richardson 3 15 10 John Cn. Shirk 3 15 10 Thomas Stevens Private Carrd. over £ 218 13 4 Carried Over £ 1834 1 11 | The privates of the Second Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £1,834 1s 11d Privates brought forward, £89 15s 0d Samuel Hiles, private, £3 15s 10d John Holbrook, private, £3 15s 10d James Hudson, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hayles, private, £3 15s 10d John Ham, private, £3 15s 10d Augustine Hitchcock, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hart, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Hardie, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Indone, private, £3 15s 10d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d John James, private, £3 15s 10d Francis Jackson, private, £3 15s 10d John Jacobs, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Kitson, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Kirkham, private, £3 15s 10d John King, private, £3 15s 10d William Kingscott, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Little, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Miller, private, £3 15s 10d John Morris, private, £3 15s 10d John McCullen, private, £3 15s 10d William McBeth, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Matthews, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Morgan, private, £3 15s 10d Reeves Osborne, private, £3 15s 10d George Oliver, private, £3 15s 10d John Povey, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Pryor, private, £3 15s 10d Jacob Peters, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Packer, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Palmer, private, £3 15s 10d William Richardson, private, £3 15s 10d John Christopher Shipp, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Stowers, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £218 13s 4d Carried forward, £1,834 1s 11d | |
330 | 16th June Brought Over £ 1834 1 11 Private Brought Over £ 218 13 4 Frederick Shaffer 3 15 10 George Steel 3 15 10 Gregory Southernwood to 11th April transd. 9 2 John Stevens Entd. from 1st Comp. 12 do. 3 6 8 John Vaughan 3 15 10 Francis Nimble 3 15 10 John Whyrell 3 15 10 Richard Walls 3 15 10 John Tucker to 2d. April Dischd. 1 8 Samuel Perry 28 May do. 2 8 4 James Beard from 8th do. Entd. 2 5 Samuel Chales do. do. 2 5 William Daniels do. do. 2 5 David Evans from 8th May Entd. 2 5 David Grant do. do. 2 5 John Haynge do. do. 2 5 John Mann do. do. 2 5 John Jones do. do. 2 5 Francis Mears do. do. 2 5 Peter Mayhan do. do. 2 5 Samuel Warren do. do. 2 5 John Wilkinson do. do. 2 5 Thomas Alesworth senr. 9 May Entd. 2 4 2 Robert Ward do. do. 2 4 2 William England do. do. 2 4 2 John Lockhart do. do. 2 4 2 John Maul do. do. 2 4 2 Thomas Alesworth junr. do. do. 2 4 2 287 19 2 Third Company vizt. Richard Beale Captain 59 6 3 Thomas Bazett Lieu. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Carried over £ 2218 1 8½ | The privates of the Second Company closed with the following names, carried on from the totals brought forward. The Third Company followed. Brought forward, £1,834 1s 11d Privates brought forward, £218 13s 4d Frederick Shaffer, private, £3 15s 10d George Sheets, private, £3 15s 10d Gregory Southwood, private, to 11 April, transferred, £0 9s 2d John Shores, private, transferred from the First Company 12 April, £3 6s 8d John Vaughan, private, £3 15s 10d Francis Vennable, private, £3 15s 10d John Wyatt, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Wallace, private, £3 15s 10d John Tucker, private, to 2 April, discharged, £0 1s 8d Samuel Perry, private, to 28 May, discharged, £2 8s 4d James Beard, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Samuel Chales, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d William Daniels, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d David Evans, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d David Grant, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d John Haynge, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d John Moran, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d John Jones, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Francis Mears, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Peter Mayhan, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Samuel Warren, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d John Wilkinson, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Thomas Ashworth senior, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Robert Ward, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d William England, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d John Lockhart, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d John Maul, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Thomas Ashworth junior, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Total for privates of the Second Company, £287 19s 2d Richard Beale, captain of the Third Company, £59 6s 3d Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Carried forward, £2,218 1s 8½d Interpretations The Second Company took 18 of the May recruits, twelve from the British King on 8 May and six from the Harcourt on 9 May. They were entered as a block at the end of the roll instead of in alphabetical order among the old soldiers. Among them were Thomas Ashworth senior and junior, a father and son who had enlisted together in England and were kept in the same company. A man with a grown son and no prospects at home might sign on with him for five years overseas, and the Company had no objection to taking both. Gregory Southwood and John Shores swapped companies in mid-April. Southwood left the Second Company on 11 April and appears in the First Company's list from 13 April, while Shores moved the other way on 12 April. The two lists confirm each other. A man's pay followed him from one company to the next, divided at the day of transfer, so the Company never paid twice or skipped a day. | |
331 | 1770 Brought Over £ 2218 1 8½ Thomas Statham Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Richard Mason Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. William Clifton 7 11 8 James Goudy @ 2/8 pr. Day 12 2 8 David Scott 7 11 8 Thomas Hughs 7 11 8 John Clarke from 8 May Entd. 4 10 39 7 8 Corporals vizt. William Hill 5 6 2 William Hambleton 5 6 2 Thomas Nash 5 6 2 George Short 5 6 2 21 4 8 Drummers vizt. George Varney 5 6 2 John Martin 5 6 2 10 12 4 Private vizt. James Anderson 3 15 10 Richard Ashford 3 15 10 Jacob Brill 3 15 10 John Blinkhorn 3 15 10 Wiedrich William Beard 3 15 10 Abel Bagnel 3 15 10 James Brown 3 15 10 John Cook 3 15 10 Thomas Connell 3 15 10 Philip Cook 3 15 10 Robert Curtis 3 15 10 Private Carrd. over £ 41 14 2 Carried Over £ 2362 15 1½ | The Third Company's list continued from the total of £2,218 1s 8½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,218 1s 8½d Thomas Statham, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Statham, £36 14s 4½d Richard Mason, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Richard Mason, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Richard Mason, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Richard Mason, £36 14s 4½d William Clifton, sergeant, £7 11s 8d James Goudy, sergeant, at 2s 8d a day, £12 2s 8d David Scott, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Hughes, sergeant, £7 11s 8d John Clacks, sergeant, enlisted 8 May, £4 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £39 7s 8d William Hill, corporal, £5 6s 2d William Hamilton, corporal, £5 6s 2d Thomas Nash, corporal, £5 6s 2d George Short, corporal, £5 6s 2d Total for corporals, £21 4s 8d George Varney, drummer, £5 6s 2d John Martin, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £10 12s 4d James Anderson, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Ashford, private, £3 15s 10d Jacob Bull, private, £3 15s 10d John Blenhorn, private, £3 15s 10d Frederick William Beard, private, £3 15s 10d Abel Bagnel, private, £3 15s 10d James Brown, private, £3 15s 10d John Cook, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Connell, private, £3 15s 10d Philip Cook, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Court, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £41 14s 2d Carried forward, £2,362 15s 1½d Interpretations John Clacks was the third sergeant to come out with the May recruits and be placed directly in that rank, after Thomas Pearce in the First Company and James Elgin in the Second. Each company received one ready-made sergeant along with its share of raw men. The draft from England was organised as small units, each with its own non-commissioned officer to drill the new soldiers. That spared the Council from promoting corporals who were already stretched by the garrison's growth. | |
332 | 16th July Brought Over £ 2362 15 1½ Private Brought Over £ 41 14 2 Benjamin Courtney 3 15 10 William Edwards 3 15 10 Charles Edgelo 3 15 10 William Foster 3 15 10 Archibald Graham 3 15 10 William Guernsey 3 15 10 William Griffin to 13th May died 1 15 10 Felix Hyder 3 15 10 William Hopkins 3 15 10 Thomas Hillock 3 15 10 Joseph Holloway 3 15 10 Mannard Hayes 3 15 10 Peter Higgins 3 15 10 Edward Hazel 3 15 10 John Hilliard 3 15 10 Thomas Hayes 3 15 10 Samuel Harsant 3 15 10 Josiah Johnson 3 15 10 Robert Johnson 3 15 10 Richard Johnson 3 15 10 William Johnson 3 15 10 Samuel Johnson 3 15 10 James Kemp 3 15 10 Edward Lambing 3 15 10 John Long to 4th April died 8 4 Bryan Lynch 3 15 10 George Lockram 3 15 10 Richard Mace 3 15 10 Thomas Morris 3 15 10 John Miller 3 15 10 Abraham Major 3 15 10 Daniel Matteson to 13th May died 1 15 10 Joseph Martin 3 15 10 Thomas Matthews 3 15 10 Private Carrd. Over £ 163 5 Carried Over £ 2362 15 1½ | The privates of the Third Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £2,362 15s 1½d Privates brought forward, £41 14s 2d Benjamin Courtney, private, £3 15s 10d William Edwards, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Edgille, private, £3 15s 10d William Foster, private, £3 15s 10d Archibald Graham, private, £3 15s 10d William Granups, private, £3 15s 10d William Griffin, private, to 13 May, died, £1 15s 10d Felix Hyder, private, £3 15s 10d William Hopkins, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hillock, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Holloway, private, £3 15s 10d Maynard Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Higgins, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Hazell, private, £3 15s 10d John Hilliard, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Harvant, private, £3 15s 10d Josiah Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d James Kemp, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Lamburn, private, £3 15s 10d John Long, private, to 10 April, died, £0 8s 4d Bryan Lynch, private, £3 15s 10d George Litteson, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Moyse, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Morris, private, £3 15s 10d John Miller, private, £3 15s 10d Abraham Major, private, £3 15s 10d Daniel Masterson, private, to 13 May, died, £1 15s 10d Joseph Martin, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Matthews, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £163 5s 0d Carried forward, £2,362 15s 1½d Interpretations Three of the Third Company's privates died that quarter, and each death can be followed through three separate records. John Long died on 10 April 1770 and was buried the next day with a volley of 2 lb 4 oz of powder. William Griffin and Daniel Masterson both died on 13 May and were buried together on 14 May. Their pay stopped on the day of death. Coffins for all three were made from the deals charged to the garrison. The Council's minute of the death, the artillery's powder account and the pay list all agree. | |
333 | 1770 Brought Over £ 2362 15 1½ Private Brought Over £ 163 5 William Metcalf 3 15 10 Charles Mattis 3 15 10 John Merrill 3 15 10 Abraham Miller 3 15 10 Thomas Perry 3 15 10 Henry Pinchin 3 15 10 William Perkis 3 15 10 David Patton 3 15 10 James Proctor 3 15 10 Richard Penny 3 15 10 Robert Stack 3 15 10 Adam Scott 3 15 10 William Smith 3 15 10 Arthur Shell 3 15 10 John Shurland 3 15 10 George Smith 3 15 10 Richard Slaughter 3 15 10 William Rankin from 24th May Entd. Transd. 3 June 9 2 Thomas Tayler 3 15 10 George Towns 3 15 10 John Thompson Senr. 3 15 10 Thomas Ward 3 15 10 Hatton Walker 3 15 10 James York 2 5 John Bullbrook from 8th May Entd. 2 5 Morris Dowing from do. do. 2 5 Richard Downs do. do. 2 5 Thomas Elliott do. do. 2 5 John Johnson do. do. 2 5 Sutton Isaac do. do. 2 5 John Sam do. do. 2 5 Samuel Redding 9th do. do. 2 4 2 John Fedish do. do. 2 4 2 Robert Nash Private Carried Over £ 273 6 8 Carried Over £ 2362 15 1½ | The privates of the Third Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £2,362 15s 1½d Privates brought forward, £163 5s 0d William Medcalf, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Morris, private, £3 15s 10d John Morrell, private, £3 15s 10d Abraham Miller, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Perry, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Pinchen, private, £3 15s 10d William Pickes, private, £3 15s 10d David Patton, private, £3 15s 10d James Proctor, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Penney, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Stack, private, £3 15s 10d Adam Scott, private, £3 15s 10d William Smith, private, £3 15s 10d Arthur Shell, private, £3 15s 10d John Sharland, private, £3 15s 10d George Smith, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Slaughter, private, £3 15s 10d William Rankin, private, enlisted 24 May, transferred 3 June, £0 9s 2d Thomas Taylor, private, £3 15s 10d George Towns, private, £3 15s 10d John Thompson senior, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Ward, private, £3 15s 10d Hatton Walker, private, £3 15s 10d James York, private, £3 15s 10d John Bullbeck, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Morris Powing, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Richard Downs, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Thomas Elliott, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d John Johnson, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Sutton Isaac, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d John Sarr, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Samuel Redding, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d John Peders, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Robert Nash, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Privates carried forward, £273 6s 8d Carried forward, £2,362 15s 1½d Interpretations William Rankin was the man the Council enlisted on 24 May 1770 with a bounty of £6 0s 0d, recorded as a likely recruit in the minutes of 28 May. He served in the Third Company for only eleven days before being moved on 3 June. His transfer was probably to the artillery, where a strong new man could be trained as a matross. The infantry company was the usual entry point for a recruit, and the artillery drew from it the men it wanted. | |
334 | 16th July Brought Over £ 2362 15 1½ Private Brought Over £ 273 6 8 John Corbett from 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 John Hew do. do. 2 4 2 William Hardy do. do. 2 4 2 James Royer do. do. 2 4 2 Richard Spik do. do. 2 4 2 John Thomson Junr. do. do. 2 4 2 Richard Vincent do. do. 2 4 2 288 15 10 Fourth Company vizt. John Howard Captain 59 6 3 Samuel Desfountain Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ James Grantree Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Robert Garling Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. John Moore 7 11 8 John Deal 7 11 8 John Ivey 7 11 8 Thomas Williams 7 11 8 30 6 8 Corporals vizt. Thomas Hylock 5 6 2 Francis Flynn 5 6 2 George Wood 5 6 2 Benjamin Girard 5 6 2 21 4 8 Drummers vizt. James Moya 5 6 2 John Harper 5 6 2 10 12 4 Carried Over £ 2883 4 | The privates of the Third Company closed with the following names, carried on from the totals brought forward. The Fourth Company followed. Brought forward, £2,362 15s 1½d Privates brought forward, £273 6s 8d John Corbett, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d John Hew, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d William Hardy, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d James Royer, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Richard Spike, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d John Thomson junior, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Richard Vincent, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Total for privates of the Third Company, £288 15s 10d John Howard, captain of the Fourth Company, £59 6s 3d Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Samuel Desfountain, £36 14s 4½d James Grantree, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d James Grantree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d James Grantree, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Grantree, £36 14s 4½d Robert Purling, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Robert Purling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Purling, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Purling, £36 14s 4½d John Moore, sergeant, £7 11s 8d John Beale, sergeant, £7 11s 8d John Terry, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Williams, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Total for sergeants, £30 6s 8d Thomas Kyloch, corporal, £5 6s 2d Francis Flynn, corporal, £5 6s 2d George Ward, corporal, £5 6s 2d Benjamin Garrard, corporal, £5 6s 2d Total for corporals, £21 4s 8d James Moyes, drummer, £5 6s 2d John Harper, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £10 12s 4d Carried forward, £2,883 4s 0d Interpretations James Grantree drew his lieutenant's pay unchanged after being sworn in as sheriff on 14 May 1770. The sheriff's office carried no salary. Its costs were met only through the fees paid to bailiffs and the crier, as the account of 14 May 1770 showed. The Council's choice of a serving officer for an unpaid civil post therefore cost the Company nothing. Grantree's commission paid for his time in both offices, and kept him under the Governor's command while he enforced the court's orders. | |
335 | 1770 Brought Over £ 2883 4 Private vizt. John Allen 3 15 10 George Bennet 3 15 10 Stephen Blackwell 3 15 10 John Bowler 3 15 10 William Blackman 3 15 10 Thomas Bailey 3 15 10 Richard Bickerstaff 3 15 10 William Caleb Baldwin from 8th May Entd. 2 5 James Boyce from 7 do. 2 5 10 William Cockney 3 15 10 Duncan Cameron 3 15 10 James Cutcher 3 15 10 Richard Clax 3 15 10 Josias Cummings 3 15 10 John Coleman 3 15 10 Thomas Christian 3 15 10 John Campion 3 15 10 John Clare 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 Thomas Dawson do. do. 2 4 2 James Dennis 8 do. do. 2 5 John Eustone 3 15 10 Charles Field 3 15 10 Henry Friendly 3 15 10 Thomas Ferris 3 15 10 William Fairclif Entd. 8th May 2 5 George Green 3 15 10 John Gilmore 3 15 10 Edward German 3 15 10 Henry Hemmberg 3 15 10 Roger Haden 3 15 10 Henry Hambleton 3 15 10 Edward Hayes 3 15 10 Thomas Hilliard 2 5 Robert Harmer from 8th May Entd. Private Carrd. over £ 118 1 8 Carried Over £ 2883 4 | The privates of the Fourth Company followed, carried on from the total of £2,883 4s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,883 4s 0d John Allen, private, £3 15s 10d George Bennet, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Blackwell, private, £3 15s 10d John Bowler, private, £3 15s 10d William Blackman, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Bailey, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Bickerstaff, private, £3 15s 10d William Caleb Baldwin, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d James Boyce, private, enlisted 7 May, £2 5s 10d William Corkrey, private, £3 15s 10d Duncan Cameron, private, £3 15s 10d James Culcher, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Close, private, £3 15s 10d Isaiah Cummins, private, £3 15s 10d John Cleman, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Christian, private, £3 15s 10d John Campen, private, £3 15s 10d John Clare, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Thomas Dawson, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d James Dennis, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d John Eustone, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Field, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Friendly, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Ferris, private, £3 15s 10d William Fairdiff, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d George Green, private, £3 15s 10d John Gilmore, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Garman, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Hemming, private, £3 15s 10d Roger Haydon, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Hamilton, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hilliard, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Harmer, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Privates carried forward, £118 1s 8d Carried forward, £2,883 4s 0d | |
336 | 16th July Brought Over £ 2883 4 Private Brought Over £ 118 1 8 William Hales from 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 John Hearn from 8 do. do. 2 5 Christian Johnsen 3 15 10 Thomas Johnsen 3 15 10 John Joya 3 15 10 James Jordan 3 15 10 John Jones from 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 Richard Kempton 3 15 10 Michael Kenny from 9th do. do. 2 4 2 Thomas Lyne 3 15 10 Charles Lewellen 3 15 10 Timothy Larry from 8th May Entd. 2 5 Murdock McLeod 3 15 10 John Moyce 3 15 10 Thomas McDearman 3 15 10 Robert May 3 15 10 William Morgan 3 15 10 Jonathan Mallet 3 15 10 John Moyce 3 15 10 Richard Mundies 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 Thomas Mather do. do. 2 4 2 John Newton 3 15 10 James Newport 3 15 10 John Oswald 3 15 10 Daniel Patrick 3 15 10 William Parker 3 15 10 Thomas Pritchard 3 15 10 John Pink 3 15 10 John Phair 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 John Pluck 28th do. Disch. 2 8 4 Thomas Rutherford 10th June died 2 19 2 James Richardson 3 15 10 John Shaw 3 15 10 William Sotman 3 15 10 Private Carrd. Over £ 232 4 2 Carried Over £ 2883 4 | The privates of the Fourth Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £2,883 4s 0d Privates brought forward, £118 1s 8d William Hales, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d John Hearn, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Christian Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d John Joyce, private, £3 15s 10d James Joden, private, £3 15s 10d John Jones, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Richard Kempton, private, £3 15s 10d Michael Kenny, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Thomas Lyne, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Lewellen, private, £3 15s 10d Timothy Lacey, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d Murdoch McCloud, private, £3 15s 10d John Moyse, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas McDearman, private, £3 15s 10d Robert May, private, £3 15s 10d William Morgan, private, £3 15s 10d Jonathan Mallet, private, £3 15s 10d John Moyes, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Mundees, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Thomas Mather, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d John Newton, private, £3 15s 10d James Newport, private, £3 15s 10d John Oswald, private, £3 15s 10d Daniel Patrick, private, £3 15s 10d William Parker, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Pritchard, private, £3 15s 10d John Ponk, private, £3 15s 10d John Phie, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d John Pluck, private, to 28 May, discharged, £2 8s 4d Thomas Rutherford, private, to 10 June, died, £2 19s 2d James Richardson, private, £3 15s 10d John Shaw, private, £3 15s 10d William Scotman, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried forward, £232 4s 2d Carried forward, £2,883 4s 0d Interpretations Thomas Rutherford's pay ran to 10 June 1770, the night before he was found hanged on 11 June. The paymaster stopped it at the last day he was known to be alive. The Council recorded his death only as supposed suicide, and the pay list treated him exactly as it treated any man who died of fever: full pay to the day of death, with nothing forfeited. Had the death been formally found a felony, his wages and effects could have been claimed. The record shows no such finding, so whatever his estate held passed to his heirs or creditors in the ordinary way. | |
337 | 1770 Brought Over £ 2883 4 Private Brought Over £ 232 4 2 John Mader 3 15 10 William Stedman 3 15 10 William Sharp 3 15 10 James Sax 3 15 10 Charles Smith from 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 James Stoppard do. do. 2 4 2 John Tolliddell 3 15 10 William Taylor 8th do. do. 2 5 William Tucker from 9th May Entd. 2 4 2 Stephen Vanderbont 3 15 10 Jeremiah Thorrill to 17th May deserted 14 2 William Wait 3 15 10 Thomas Watts 3 15 10 James Willson 3 15 10 Samuel Willson 3 15 10 Peter White 3 15 10 John Wood 3 15 10 Joseph West 3 15 10 291 1 8 Artillery Company vizt. James Tippet Captain from 9th May 34 9 Thomas Leech Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ John Shirley Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Robert Gibson Lieut. upon half pay to 8th May and since upon full pay 31 7 Sergeants vizt. John Whitchurch 9 2 Adam Watson 9 2 Nicholas Hoxton 9 2 John Turner 9 2 36 8 Carried Over £ 3349 12 | The privates of the Fourth Company closed with the following names, carried on from the totals brought forward. The Artillery Company followed. Brought forward, £2,883 4s 0d Privates brought forward, £232 4s 2d John Steele, private, £3 15s 10d William Steadman, private, £3 15s 10d William Sharp, private, £3 15s 10d James Sax, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Smith, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d James Stoppard, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d John Tattersall, private, £3 15s 10d William Taylor, private, enlisted 8 May, £2 5s 0d William Tucker, private, enlisted 9 May, £2 4s 2d Stephen Vanderhorst, private, £3 15s 10d Jeremiah Whorrill, private, to 17 April, deserted, £0 14s 2d William Wath, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Watts, private, £3 15s 10d James Wilson, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Wilson, private, £3 15s 10d Peter White, private, £3 15s 10d John Wood, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph West, private, £3 15s 10d Total for privates of the Fourth Company, £291 1s 8d James Tippet, captain of the Artillery Company, from 9 May, £34 9s 0d Thomas Leach, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Leach, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Leach, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Leach, £36 14s 4½d John Starkey, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d John Starkey, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Starkey, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Starkey, £36 14s 4½d Robert Gibson, lieutenant, on half pay to 8 May and on full pay since, £31 0s 7d John Whitchurch, sergeant, £9 2s 0d Adam Watson, sergeant, £9 2s 0d Nicholas Heeton, sergeant, £9 2s 0d John Turner, sergeant, £9 2s 0d Total for sergeants, £36 8s 0d Carried forward, £3,349 12s 0d Interpretations The pay list recorded Jeremiah Whorrill as a deserter from 17 April 1770, although the Council's minute of 23 April had concluded that he and Robert Frankish had drowned. In law the distinction mattered. A soldier who died in service left his arrears and effects to his heirs. A deserter forfeited both, and his name stayed on record against the chance that he reached another settlement. The Council suspected the men were dead but could not prove it. In its accounts it gave them the status that protected the Company's money. The Court's packets of 9 May 1770 changed the artillery at a stroke. James Tippet's captain's pay began that day, on top of his salary as engineer, giving him over £60 for the quarter. Robert Gibson was restored to full pay from the same date after drawing half pay. With a new captain in command, the Court evidently wanted every artillery officer available for duty. It also explains why Thomas Bazett, who had stood in charge of the company, was paid the £30 he had been promised on 2 July 1770. | |
338 | 16th July Brought Over £ 3349 12 Corporals vizt. James Parfett 6 16 6 Thomas Tyler 6 16 6 Adam Smith to 16th May Reduced 3 9 do. Matross from 17 do. 2 5 Thomas Jones 6 16 6 26 3 6 Bombardiers vizt. Sedgwick Wetherall to 16th May prefd. 3 7 6 do. from 17 do. Corpl. 3 9 Charles Abraham 6 16 6 John Carfoot to 7 May dischd. 2 15 6 Benjamin Holmes 6 16 6 23 5 Gunners vizt. John Smith 6 1 4 Thomas Yates 6 1 4 William Hallsell to 30th April died 2 James Burgess to 8th May prefd. 2 9 4 do. as Bomb. from do. 4 1 George King to 21 May dischd. 3 8 James Waller to 16 do. Prefd. 3 1 4 do. Bomb. from 17 do. 3 7 6 William Pink 6 1 4 William Crabb 6 1 4 42 12 6 Drummers vizt. George Charriott to 2 April dischd. 2 4 Joseph Purdy 5 6 2 5 8 6 Matrosses vizt. William Allen 4 11 Benjamin Burton 4 11 William Blavin 4 11 Thomas Brown Entd. 9th May 2 11 Matrosses Carrd. Over £ 16 4 Carried Over £ 3447 1 6 | The Artillery Company's list continued from the total of £3,349 12s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,349 12s 0d James Parfett, corporal, £6 16s 6d Thomas Tyler, corporal, £6 16s 6d Adam Smith, as corporal, to 16 May, reduced, £3 9s 0d Adam Smith, as matross, from 17 May, £2 5s 0d Thomas Jones, corporal, £6 16s 6d Total for corporals, £26 3s 6d Sedgwick Witherall, as bombardier, to 16 May, promoted, £3 7s 6d Sedgwick Witherall, as corporal, from 17 May, £3 9s 0d Charles Abraham, bombardier, £6 16s 6d John Carfoot, bombardier, to 7 May, discharged, £2 15s 6d Benjamin Holmes, bombardier, £6 16s 6d Total for bombardiers, £23 5s 0d John Smith, gunner, £6 1s 4d Thomas Yates, gunner, £6 1s 4d William Hassell, gunner, to 30 April, died, £2 0s 0d [...] Ringrose, as gunner, to 8 May, promoted, £2 9s 4d [...] Ringrose, as bombardier, from 9 May, £4 1s 0d George King, gunner, to 21 May, discharged, £3 8s 0d James Waller, as gunner, to 16 May, promoted, £3 1s 4d James Waller, as bombardier, from 17 May, £3 7s 6d William Pink, gunner, £6 1s 4d William Crabb, gunner, £6 1s 4d Total for gunners, £42 12s 6d George Charrett, drummer, to 2 April, discharged, £0 2s 4d Joseph Purdy, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £5 8s 6d William Allen, matross, £4 11s 0d Benjamin Burton, matross, £4 11s 0d William Blavin, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Brown, matross, enlisted 9 May, £2 11s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £16 4s 0d Carried forward, £3,447 1s 6d Interpretations The artillery filled each vacancy at once by promotion from the rank below. John Carfoot's discharge on 7 May 1770 opened a bombardier's place, and Ringrose was raised from gunner to fill it on 9 May. On 16 May Corporal Adam Smith was reduced to matross, the artillery's lowest rank, a fall of two steps, as punishment for some misconduct. The next day Bombardier Sedgwick Witherall took his place as corporal, and Gunner James Waller moved up to bombardier behind him. William Hassell's death on 30 April and George King's departure for Bencoolen on 21 May left two gunners' places open. The list shows no gunner promoted to fill them. The Council had reason to keep a strong corps of gunners, after James Tippet's survey found 38 guns unfit and new carriages were on order from Bombay. | |
339 | 1770 Brought Over £ 3447 1 6 Matrosses brought Over £ 16 4 Joseph Bowman Entd. 8th May 2 12 John Cope 4 11 John Criswell 4 11 Robert Cunningham 4 11 Matthew Charlton 4 11 John Coleman 4 11 Matthew Craven from 8th May Entd. 2 12 William Durham 4 11 Matthew Dunkell to 15th May disch. 2 5 James Dunn 4 11 James Dawson from 8 do. Entd. 2 12 John Douse from 9th do. do. 2 11 William Commerson from 8 do. do. 2 12 John Fox to 7 May pref. 1 10 do. from 8 do. Gunner 4 1 4 Joseph Fellows from 9th May Entd. 2 11 Christian Grunewald 4 11 Thomas Gorrell 4 11 Thomas Green Senr. 4 11 Philip Connaway to 22 May pref. 2 11 do. Gunner from do. 2 13 4 John Glenny 4 11 James Gillmore 4 11 Joseph Griffith from 9th May Entd. 2 11 James Griffith do. do. 2 11 Henry Gray do. 8th do. do. 2 12 Thomas Green Junr. from 9th do. 2 11 William Harper 4 11 Owen Howard 4 11 Alexander Henderson 4 11 Francis Harding 4 11 Miles Hopper from 9th May Entd. 2 11 William Jenkins 4 11 George Marshall 4 11 Matrosses Carrd. Over £ 139 8 8 Carried Over £ 3447 1 6 | The matrosses of the Artillery Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £3,447 1s 6d Matrosses brought forward, £16 4s 0d Joseph Bowman, matross, enlisted 8 May, £2 12s 0d John Cope, matross, £4 11s 0d John Criswell, matross, £4 11s 0d Robert Cunningham, matross, £4 11s 0d Matthew Charlton, matross, £4 11s 0d John Coleman, matross, £4 11s 0d Matthew Craven, matross, enlisted 8 May, £2 12s 0d William Durham, matross, £4 11s 0d Matthew Dunhill, matross, to 15 May, discharged, £2 5s 0d James Dunn, matross, £4 11s 0d James Dawson, matross, enlisted 8 May, £2 12s 0d John Douse, matross, enlisted 9 May, £2 11s 0d William Emmerson, matross, enlisted 8 May, £2 12s 0d John Fox, as matross, to 1 May, promoted, £1 10s 0d John Fox, as gunner, from 2 May, £4 1s 4d Joseph Fellows, matross, enlisted 9 May, £2 11s 0d Christian Greenawald, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Gorrell, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Green senior, matross, £4 11s 0d Philip Connaway, as matross, to 22 May, promoted, £2 11s 0d Philip Connaway, as gunner, from 23 May, £2 13s 4d John Glenny, matross, £4 11s 0d James Gillmore, matross, £4 11s 0d Joseph Griffith, matross, enlisted 9 May, £2 11s 0d James Griffith, matross, enlisted 8 May, £2 12s 0d Henry Gray, matross, enlisted 8 May, £2 11s 0d Thomas Green junior, matross, enlisted 9 May, £2 11s 0d William Harper, matross, £4 11s 0d Owen Howard, matross, £4 11s 0d Alexander Henderson, matross, £4 11s 0d Francis Harding, matross, £4 11s 0d Miles Hooper, matross, enlisted 9 May, £2 11s 0d William Jenkins, matross, £4 11s 0d George Marshall, matross, £4 11s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £139 8s 8d Carried forward, £3,447 1s 6d Interpretations The two gunners' places left empty by William Hassell's death on 30 April 1770 and George King's discharge on 21 May were filled from the matrosses. John Fox was made gunner on 2 May and Philip Connaway on 23 May, each within a day or two of the vacancy. Fox was one of the men who had taken the £10 bounty to re-enlist on 20 March 1770. Promotion followed soon after, the reward the Council could offer a trained man for staying. Matthew Dunhill's pay stopped on 15 May, the day the Council allowed him to leave by finding Stephen Swartsen to serve out his remaining time. Swartsen's own pay would appear further down the list from the same date. | |
340 | 16th July Brought Over £ 3447 1 6 Matrosses brought Over £ 139 8 8 John Moore 4 11 Patrick Malany 4 11 Richard Morgan from 8th May Entd. 2 12 Thomas Nimble 4 11 Isaac Newlands 4 11 Robert Nichols 4 11 William Philips 4 11 James Peacock 4 11 Richd. Pearce Entd. 8th May 2 12 John Parker do. 9 do. 2 11 William Robinson 4 11 Robert Petty Entd. 9th do. 2 11 William Rankin Entd. 3 June 1 8 William Stapleford to 8th May prefd. 1 17 do. from 9th do. Gunner 3 12 Andrew Scooner 4 11 Godfrey Smith 4 11 Stephen Swartsen Entd. 15th May 2 6 William Shore do. 8th do. 2 12 Andrew Tedrick 4 11 James Towns do. 9th do. 2 11 George Washington prefd. 17th do. 2 6 do. from 18 do. Gunner 3 Richard Waterhouse 4 11 John Willson 4 11 Samuel Wood 4 11 John White 4 11 William Weeden Entd. 9th May 2 11 Thomas Watson do. 8 do. 2 12 Thomas Williams do. do. do. 2 12 Robert Frankish deserted 18th April 18 246 4 8 Carried Over £ 3693 6 2 | The matrosses of the Artillery Company closed with the following names, carried on from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £3,447 1s 6d Matrosses brought forward, £139 8s 8d John Moore, matross, £4 11s 0d Patrick Mahony, matross, £4 11s 0d Richard Morgan, matross, enlisted 8 May, £2 12s 0d Thomas Nimble, matross, £4 11s 0d Isaac Newlands, matross, £4 11s 0d Robert Nichols, matross, £4 11s 0d William Phillips, matross, £4 11s 0d James Peacock, matross, £4 11s 0d Richard Pearce, matross, enlisted 8 May, £2 12s 0d John Parker, matross, enlisted 9 May, £2 11s 0d William Robinson, matross, £4 11s 0d Robert Pedy, matross, enlisted 9 May, £2 11s 0d William Rankin, matross, from 3 June, £1 8s 0d William Stapleford, as matross, to 8 May, promoted, £1 17s 0d William Stapleford, as gunner, from 9 May, £3 12s 0d Andrew Schoorer, matross, £4 11s 0d Godfrey Smith, matross, £4 11s 0d Stephen Swartsen, matross, enlisted 15 May, £2 6s 0d William Shore, matross, enlisted 8 May, £2 12s 0d Andrew Tedrick, matross, £4 11s 0d James Towns, matross, enlisted 9 May, £2 11s 0d George Washington, as matross, to 17 May, promoted, £2 6s 0d George Washington, as gunner, from 18 May, £3 0s 0d Richard Waterhouse, matross, £4 11s 0d John Wilson, matross, £4 11s 0d Samuel Wood, matross, £4 11s 0d John White, matross, £4 11s 0d William Weeden, matross, enlisted 9 May, £2 11s 0d Thomas Watson, matross, enlisted 8 May, £2 12s 0d Thomas Williams, matross, enlisted 8 May, £2 12s 0d Robert Frankish, matross, deserted 17 April, £0 18s 0d Total for matrosses, £246 4s 8d Carried forward, £3,693 6s 2d Interpretations The artillery promoted four matrosses to gunner in May 1770: John Fox, William Stapleford, George Washington and Philip Connaway. That was more than the two places left by William Hassell's death and George King's discharge. Ringrose and James Waller had moved up from gunner to bombardier, so their gunners' places had to be filled too. Each promotion opened a matross's place, and the recruits from the British King and Harcourt filled those at the bottom. Within three weeks of the draft's arrival the whole company had moved up a rung. William Rankin, enlisted on 24 May 1770 and paid in the Third Company until 3 June, appears here as a matross from that date. The Council had taken him on as a soldier and passed him to the artillery once he showed fit for it. Stephen Swartsen's pay began on 15 May, the day Matthew Dunhill's stopped, as the Council had agreed. Robert Frankish was recorded, like Jeremiah Whorrill, as a deserter from 17 April rather than drowned. | |
341 | 1770 Brought Over £ 3693 6 2 Pensioners vizt. Nathan Sampell £ 13 15 11 Mary Beale 7 10 Elizabeth Kennedy 7 10 John Lemon 3 8 3 32 4 2 £ 3725 10 4 | The pay list closed with the pensioners and the grand total for the quarter, carried on from the total of £3,693 6s 2d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,693 6s 2d Nathan Sampell, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Mary Beale, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Kennedy, pensioner, £7 10s 0d John Lemon, pensioner, £3 8s 3d Total for pensioners, £32 4s 2d Total of salaries, pay and allowances for the quarter, £3,725 10s 4d Interpretations The quarter's establishment cost £3,725 10s 4d, almost £320 more than the £3,405 13s 10d paid for the quarter to 31 March 1770. Nearly all the increase traced back to the Court's packets opened on 9 May. The packets brought about a hundred recruits and four ready-made sergeants, all paid from the day they landed. They also brought new officers, James Tippet as engineer and captain of artillery and John Congreve as judge advocate and schoolmaster. The second lieutenants, the surgeon and the surgeon's mate were given higher pay. Each change looked modest on its own. Together they raised the island's wage bill by nearly a tenth in a single quarter. That cost had to be met from a treasury that depended on warehouse sales and private bills for its coin. | |
342 | 16th July Dr. William Wrangham 1770 June 30th To Cash £ 4835 16 11½ Carrd. over £ 4835 16 11½ | The paymaster's account for the quarter followed. William Wrangham was charged with the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest. 30 June 1770, cash drawn from the treasury chest, £4,835 16s 11½d Carried forward, £4,835 16s 11½d Interpretations Wrangham drew £4,835 16s 11½d for the quarter, about £400 more than the £4,432 14s 6d he took in the first quarter of 1770. The pay list accounted for £3,725 10s 4d of it. The remaining £1,110 or so went on the labour, bounties, passages and purchases that would be listed on the credit side. The quarter had added a hundred men to the garrison and set new building in hand. Its cost fell on a chest that, on 31 May 1770, held £10,423 4s 10d in coin. | |
343 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 2 April By Cash paid Captn. Jackson of Ship Speke for a Yaul with Oars &c.a 7 10 4 By do. paid Capt. Smallwood of Ship Granby for 124 Ps. Salt Meat @ 2/ pr. Piece 12 8 6 By do. paid Capt. Sterks of Ship Nottingham for 546 Ps. Salt Meat @ 2/ pr. Piece 54 12 By do. paid Several Soldiers for bringing up Goods from the Crane &c. from Ships Hector, Triton, Pigot, Speke & Nottingham 3 13 6 May 7th By do. paid John Worrall for 24 Fowls & 6 Turkeys for the Honble. Company's Table 3 6 12 By do. paid Augustine Hitchcock for 6 Weeks work in the Company's Garden @ 6/ pr. Week 1 16 By do. paid for a Pipe of Madeira Wine for the Use of the Honble. Compy. Table 40 14 By do. paid the following Second Lieutenants 1/ pr. Day from 6th May 1769 to 31st March 1770 advanced upon each of their Salaries by Order of the Honble. Court of Directors vizt. Thomas Lambert £ 16 10 James Greentree 16 10 Charles Ross Stewart 16 10 William Caldwell 16 10 Thomas Statham 16 10 John Bazett 16 10 Robert Garling 16 10 Robert Gibson 16 10 John Shirley 16 10 Richard Mason 216 Days 10 16 159 6 By Cash paid Robert Barclay Surgeon @ the rate of £ 40 pr. Ann. from 6th May 1769 to 31st March 1770 advanced upon his Salary by Order of the Honble. Court of Directors 36 3 4 By do. paid John Pritchard Surgeons Mate at the rate of £ 30 pr. Ann. from do. to do. advanced upon do. by Order of do. 27 2 6 22 By do. paid sevl. Soldiers for bringing Stores from the Crane &c. from Ships Royal Charlotte & Lioness 2 2 By do. paid for unloading the Ships Harcourt & British King 47 10 26 By do. paid for 245½ lb. Butter for the Company's Table 5 2 2½ Carried Over £ 400 11 6½ | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster listed the payments he made from that cash, beginning in April 1770. 2 April 1770, Captain Jackson of the Speke, for a yawl with oars and fittings, £7 10s 0d 4 April 1770, Captain Smalwood of the Granby, for 124 pieces of salt meat at 2s a piece, £12 8s 0d 6 April 1770, Captain Stoakes of the Nottingham, for 546 pieces of salt meat at 2s a piece, £54 12s 0d Several soldiers, for carrying up goods from the crane landed from the Hector, Triton, Pigot, Speke and Nottingham, £3 13s 6d. 7 May 1770, John Worrall, for 24 fowls and 6 turkeys for the Company's table, £3 6s 0d 12 May 1770, Augustine Hitchcock, for 6 weeks' work in the Company's garden at 6s a week, £1 16s 0d A pipe of Madeira wine for the Company's table, £40 0s 0d 14 May 1770, Thomas Lambert, second lieutenant, 1s a day from 6 May 1769 to 31 March 1770, advanced on his salary by order of the Court, £16 10s 0d James Grantree, second lieutenant, the same, £16 10s 0d Charles Ross Stewart, second lieutenant, the same, £16 10s 0d William Caldwell, second lieutenant, the same, £16 10s 0d Thomas Statham, second lieutenant, the same, £16 10s 0d John Bazett, second lieutenant, the same, £16 10s 0d Robert Purling, second lieutenant, the same, £16 10s 0d Robert Gibson, second lieutenant, the same, £16 10s 0d John Starkey, second lieutenant, the same, £16 10s 0d Richard Mason, second lieutenant, the same for 216 days, £10 16s 0d Total for the second lieutenants, £159 6s 0d Robert Barclay, surgeon, at the rate of £40 a year from 6 May 1769 to 31 March 1770, advanced on his salary by order of the Court, £36 3s 4d John Pritchard, surgeon's mate, at the rate of £30 a year for the same period, advanced on his salary by order of the Court, £27 2s 6d 22 May 1770, several soldiers, for carrying up stores from the crane landed from the Royal Charlotte and Lioness, £2 2s 0d. Unloading the Harcourt and British King, £47 10s 0d. 26 May 1770, butter for the Company's table, 245½ lb, £5 2s 2½d Carried forward, £400 11s 6½d Interpretations The Court's rises for the second lieutenants and the surgeons were made retrospective. The orders opened on 9 May 1770 raised second lieutenants by 1s a day, the surgeon by £40 a year and his mate by £30 a year. They backdated all of it to 6 May 1769, almost a year earlier, perhaps the date on which the Directors had first approved the change in London. The island paid the arrears in one lump of more than £220 on 14 May. Granting back pay was a way of acknowledging that the old rates had been too low for some time. It also left each officer and surgeon with ready cash, at a moment when the warehouse had just been restocked with cloth, wine and shoes from the spring ships. The Council bought salt meat as well as boats from the homeward China ships. It paid 2s a piece for 670 pieces from the Granby and Nottingham, the same price at which the warehouse resold salt meat to the garrison. The Company made no profit on the resale, but it kept the warehouse stocked without waiting for the store ship. A further £47 10s 0d went on landing the cargo of the two recruit ships. That one job cost more than the Council paid for a pipe of Madeira. | |
344 | 16th July Dr. William Wrangham 1770 June 30th Brought Over £ 4835 16 11½ Carried Over £ 4835 16 11½ | On a new page, William Wrangham's debit side carried forward his one charge, with no other entries made against him. 30 June 1770, brought forward, £4,835 16s 11½d Carried forward, £4,835 16s 11½d | |
345 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 Brought Over £ 400 11 6½ May 31 By Cash paid for the following for the Use of the Compy. Table vizt. 7 Firkins Butter £ 28 7 Hams wt. 122 @ 1/3 pr. lb. 7 12 6 1 Bottle Goosberrys 3 6 1 Jar Currant Jelly 5 1 do. Goosberry do. 5 3 do. Plumbs @ 4/6 ea. 13 6 1 do. Goosberrys 5 2 do. Raisins 3 6 Cases Pickles @ £ 2 10 ea. 15 2 Jars Rasberry Jam 10 2 do. Currents 10 2 Cheeses wt. 52 @ 1/ pr. lb. 2 13 24 Jars Mince Meat @ 10/ ea. 12 100 Raisins @ 6d. pr. lb. 2 16 100 Currents @ do. do. 4 4 2 Bottles Cranberrys 7 4 Jars Plumb Jam 1 15 24 Bottles Mustard @ 3/ ea. 3 12 6 Tongues @ 3/6, 19 Almonds @ 3/ ea. 3 18 87 9 6 June 2 By Cash paid Capt. Gore of Ship Neptune for a Boat with Oars &c.a 6 10 5 By do. paid the Constable for Rats & Mice destroyed 1 5½ 6 By do. paid John Silvester Hay Surgeon of the Harcourt for his care of 47 Recruits in their Passage to this Island @ 5/ ea. 11 15 By do. paid Robert Wigram Surgeon of the British King for his care of 48 Recruits as above 12 By do. paid James Powell Coroner for an Inquest on the Bodys of three Danish Sailors that were drowned 1 5 By do. paid the Clerk of Arraignments 7 6 By do. paid the Parator of the Court of Justice 5 12 By do. paid for the following for the Use of the Honble. Compy. Table vizt. 12 Gloucester Cheeses wt. 158 lb. £ 7 18 3 6 Firkins Butter 24 5 Hams 7 38 18 3 Carried Over £ 560 2 2½ | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued from the total of £400 11s 6½d brought forward. Brought forward, £400 11s 6½d 31 May 1770, goods bought for the Company's table: Butter, 7 firkins, £28 0s 0d Hams, 7 weighing 122½ lb at 1s 3d a lb, £7 12s 6d Gooseberries, 1 bottle, £0 3s 6d Currant jelly, 1 jar, £0 5s 0d Gooseberry jelly, 1 jar, £0 5s 0d Plums, 3 jars at 4s 6d a jar, £0 13s 6d Gooseberries, 1 jar, £0 5s 0d Raisins, 2 jars, £0 3s 0d Pickles, 6 cases at £2 10s 0d a case, £15 0s 0d Raspberry jam, 2 jars, £0 10s 0d Currant jam, 2 jars, £0 10s 0d Cheeses, 2 weighing 53 lb at 1s a lb, £2 13s 0d Mincemeat, 2½ jars, £0 12s 0d Raisins, 1 cwt at 6d a lb, £2 16s 0d Currants, 1 cwt at 9d a lb, £4 4s 0d Cranberries, 2 bottles, £0 7s 0d Plum jam, 4 jars, £1 15s 0d Mustard, 24 bottles at 3s a bottle, £3 12s 0d Tongues, 6 at 3s 6d each, with [...], £3 18s 0d Total for the Company's table, £87 9s 6d 2 June 1770, Captain Gore of the Neptune, for a boat with oars and fittings, £6 10s 0d. 5 June 1770, the constable, for rats and mice destroyed, £1 0s 5½d 6 June 1770, John Silvester Hay, surgeon of the Harcourt, for his care of 47 recruits on their passage to the island at 5s each, £11 15s 0d. Robert Wigram, surgeon of the British King, for his care of 48 recruits on the same terms, £12 0s 0d. James Powell, as coroner, for an inquest on the bodies of three Danish sailors who were drowned, £1 5s 0d The clerk of arraignments, £0 7s 6d The porter of the Court of Justice, £0 5s 0d 12 June 1770, goods bought for the Company's table: Gloucester cheeses, 10 weighing 158 lb, £7 18s 3d Butter, 6 firkins, £24 0s 0d Hams, 5, £7 0s 0d Total for the Company's table, £38 18s 3d Carried forward, £560 2s 2½d Interpretations The Company's table was stocked from the private trade of the homeward ships. Hams, Gloucester cheeses, firkins of butter, jams, jellies, pickles, mincemeat and dried fruit were English goods. They had gone out to India and China as officers' investments and were sold off cheaply on the way home because they would not keep much longer. More than £126 went on such goods in two weeks, and almost £70 of it on butter alone. In England these were ordinary provisions. On St Helena, where the dairy herd was shrinking and nothing of the kind was made, they were luxuries obtainable only while the fleet lay in the road. The Council bought a winter's supply at once. The surgeons' fees confirm the size of the May draft. The Harcourt landed 47 recruits and the British King 48, which makes the 95 men for whom the Council had voted the 5s fee on 14 May 1770. James Powell's fee as coroner shows that the storekeeper also held the inquest into sudden deaths. The three Danish sailors he examined were probably from the Countess of Moltke, which lay in the road from 3 to 12 June 1770. Even foreign seamen who drowned off the island came under the island's law. An inquest had to rule out foul play before they could be buried, and the Company paid for it. | |
346 | 16th July Dr. William Wrangham 1770 June 30th Brought Over £ 4835 16 11½ Carried Over £ 4835 16 11½ | William Wrangham's debit side moved to another blank page, where the cash he had drawn still stood as the only charge. 30 June 1770, brought forward, £4,835 16s 11½d Carried forward, £4,835 16s 11½d | |
347 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 Brought Over £ 560 2 2½ June 12th By Cash paid Captn. Stewart of Ship Duke of Albany for a Yaul & four Oars 9 By do. paid for 4 Long Boat Oars 2 8 By do. paid the Coroner for an Inquest on the Body of Thomas Rutherford Deceased 1 5 By do. paid John Moyce for making a Suit of Cloaths for the Parator of the Court of Justice 1 By do. paid 21 Discharged Soldiers 243 Days Subsistance @ 6d. pr. Day ea. 6 1 6 By do. paid for 228½ Beef & 11½ Veal for the Company's Table 5 11½ By do. paid for one Cream Water for the Castle 2 2 By do. paid for 22 doz. Empty Bottles for do. 2 9 6 30 By do. paid for the following for the Use of the Honble. Compy. Table vizt. 29½ doz. Eggs £ 2 4 3 7 Pigs 1 15 55½ Pork 1 7 7½ 1 doz. Bottles Olives 2 8 1½ doz. Fowls 1 7 2 Ducks 3 1 Bottle Curry Ingredients 5 1 Basket Onions 5 1 Bag Hartshorn Shavings 3 19 Patridges 1 7 6 11 5 4½ By do. paid for 2 Glass Corks 3 By do. paid the Fife Major for teaching the Young Fifers 91 Days @ 6d. pr. Day 2 5 6 By do. paid Thomas Jordan for Mowing 17 Days in the Long Wood 17 By do. paid the Lieu. Governor for Mutton 3 By do. paid James Goudy for writing Courts Marshall this Quarter 2 10 By do. paid Noqueda Poculum instead of 13 Ps. Salt Meat 1 6 By do. paid do. his House Rent 1 By do. paid do. his Allowance 1 12 6 By do. paid Massfunge his Allowance 1 12 6 By do. paid do. his House Rent 1 Carried Over £ 616 1 4½ | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued from the total of £560 2s 2½d brought forward. Brought forward, £560 2s 2½d 12 June 1770, Captain Stewart of the Duke of Albany, for a yawl and four oars, £9 0s 0d. Longboat oars, 4, £2 8s 0d The coroner, for an inquest on the body of Thomas Rutherford, deceased, £1 5s 0d John Moyse, for making a suit of clothes for the porter of the Court of Justice, £1 0s 0d 21 discharged soldiers, 243 days' subsistence at 6d a day, £6 1s 6d Beef, 228½ lb, and veal, 11½ lb, for the Company's table, £5 0s 11½d Cream ewer for the Castle, 1, £2 2s 0d Empty bottles for the same, 22 dozen, £2 4s 6d 30 June 1770, goods bought for the Company's table: Eggs, 29½ dozen, £2 4s 3d Pigs, 7, £1 15s 0d Pork, 55½ lb, £1 7s 7½d Olives, 1 dozen bottles, £2 8s 0d Fowls, 1½ dozen, £1 7s 0d Ducks, 2, £0 3s 0d Curry ingredients, 1 bottle, £0 5s 0d Onions, 1 basket, £0 5s 0d Hartshorn shavings, 1 bag, £0 3s 0d Partridges, 19, £1 7s 6d Total for the Company's table, £11 5s 4½d Glass cocks, 2, £0 3s 0d The fife major, for teaching the young fifers for 91 days at 6d a day, £2 5s 6d Thomas Jordan, for 17 days' mowing at Longwood, £0 17s 0d The Lieutenant Governor, for mutton, £3 0s 0d James Goudy, for writing up the courts martial this quarter, £2 10s 0d Noqueda Soocolum, cash in place of 13 pieces of salt meat, £1 6s 0d Noqueda Soocolum, his house rent, £1 0s 0d Noqueda Soocolum, his allowance, £1 12s 6d Massapunge, his allowance, £1 12s 6d Massapunge, his house rent, £1 0s 0d Carried forward, £616 1s 0½d Interpretations The Company paid subsistence to discharged soldiers until a ship could take them away. Twenty-one men had left the garrison over the spring and early summer, and between them they waited 243 days for a passage. They were paid 6d a day, a little over half a private's pay, to keep them fed without wages. A discharged man was no longer under military discipline. He could not be left to beg or steal on a small island, and he could not be ordered aboard a ship that had no room for him. The daily allowance kept him quiet until the Council found him a passage, and every day of delay was charged to the Company. The Council paid for an inquest on Thomas Rutherford, as it had for the drowned Danish sailors. The coroner's verdict is not recorded. His pay had already run to the day before his body was found, without any forfeiture. The cost of the inquest shows that the island followed English law on sudden death, even for a private found hanged in the barracks. The table bought 19 partridges. Partridges had been introduced to St Helena and ran wild on the high ground, where settlers shot them for sale. Hartshorn shavings were filings of stag's horn, boiled to make a clear jelly for invalids and for the table. With olives, curry ingredients and fresh pork and eggs, the purchases show the Castle still entertaining at the end of June, though the busiest weeks of the season were over. | |
348 | 16th July Dr. William Wrangham 1770 June 30th Brought Over £ 4835 16 11½ Carried Over £ 4835 16 11½ | William Wrangham's debit side carried his total of £4,835 16s 11½d onto one more page, where nothing further was charged against him. 30 June 1770, brought forward, £4,835 16s 11½d Carried forward, £4,835 16s 11½d | |
349 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 Brought Over £ 616 1 4½ June 30 By Cash paid William Jenkins for baking 131 Batches Bread for the Garrison @ 1/8 pr. Batch 10 18 4 By do. paid Lieu. Thomas Bazett for his care of the Artillery Company 11 Months 30 By do. paid Mr. Burling for 20 Ps. Long Cloth to cloath the Honble. Companys Women Slaves there not being enough in the Stores 30 By do. paid the following for Enlisting to serve the Honble. Company five Years as Soldiers subject to the Articles of War their respective times to commence as follows vizt. N. Godfrey from 6th April £ 6 John Harrison 15 do. 3 Nicholas Dennis 15 do. 6 Robert Boyce 7 May 10 William Rankin 24 do. 6 Christopher Smith 3 June 6 37 By do. paid the following discharged Soldiers for relisting to serve as above their respective times to commence as follows vizt. Duncan Cammeron from 7th May £ 10 William Birch 9 do. 10 John Cope 10 Richard Kempton 24 do. 10 40 By do. paid Mr. Richard Goodwin his Expences as Sheriff for Bailiffs &c.a 13 10 By do. paid one third of the reward for taking three Blacks that had Absconded from their Masters above the time limitted by the Advertisement 5 By do. paid for 23 Expresses upon Alarms 5 15 By do. paid for the following Work in repairing the Demi Bastion in James Valley vizt. 234½ Days Stone Cutters 1/6 £ 17 11 9 97 do. Stone Blowers 1/6 7 5 6 James's Valley Carrd. over £ 24 17 3 Carrd. over £ 788 4 4½ | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued from the total of £616 1s 0½d brought forward. Brought forward, £616 1s 0½d 30 June 1770, William Jenkins, for baking 131 batches of bread for the garrison at 1s 8d a batch, £10 18s 4d Lieutenant Thomas Bazett, for his charge of the Artillery Company for 11 months, £30 0s 0d Matthew Purling, for 20 pieces of long cloth to clothe the Company's women slaves, the stores holding too little, £30 0s 0d Bounties paid to recruits enlisted for 5 years under the Articles of War: Nicholas Godfrey, from 6 April, £6 0s 0d John Harrison, from 16 April, £3 0s 0d Nicholas Dennis, from 26 April, £6 0s 0d Robert Boyce, from 7 May, £10 0s 0d William Rankin, from 24 May, £6 0s 0d Christopher Smith, from 3 June, £6 0s 0d Total for new enlistments, £37 0s 0d Bounties paid to discharged soldiers re-enlisting on the same terms: Duncan Cameron, from 7 May, £10 0s 0d William Birch, from 9 May, £10 0s 0d John Cope, from 9 May, £10 0s 0d Richard Kempton, from 24 May, £10 0s 0d Total for re-enlistments, £40 0s 0d Richard Goodwin, his expenses as sheriff for bailiffs and other charges, £13 10s 0d One third of the reward for taking three slaves who had run from their masters for longer than the advertisement allowed, £5 0s 0d Expresses run on alarms, 23, £5 15s 0d Stonecutters' work repairing the demi-bastion in James's Valley, 234½ days at 1s 6d, £17 11s 9d Stone blowers' work on the same, 97 days at 1s 6d, £7 5s 6d James's Valley carried forward, £24 17s 3d Carried forward, £788 4s 4½d Interpretations The cloth the Council bought for the Company's women slaves on 18 June 1770 came from one of its own members. The minute recorded only that 20 pieces of Anjengo long cloth had been bought at 30s a piece because the stores were bare. It did not name the seller. This entry shows that Matthew Purling sold the cloth to the Company and that his fellow councillors approved the price. Purling already profited from the arrack the Company bought through the society in which he held a three-eighths share, and from the slaves he hired to the works. The cloth was a third such dealing. The price was above the Madras rate the Council had ordered on 22 May. Purling sat on the Council that agreed to buy it, and he kept the books in which the payment was entered. The arrangement was not concealed. It shows how a councillor's private trade and the Company's needs could meet in the same transaction. The reward for catching runaway slaves was shared between the Company and the owners. A public notice had set a period within which a runaway could return without penalty. Once that period passed, anyone who caught him could claim a reward. The Company paid a third, and the owners presumably paid the rest. Paying part of the reward from public funds treated escape as a threat to the whole island's order and not only as a private loss. The flying parties and bailiffs paid through the sheriff's account served the same end. Richard Goodwin's claim of £13 10s 0d settled that account, the one entered on 14 May 1770 that included the execution of the slave Cupid. Thomas Bazett was at last paid the £30 the Council had promised him for running the Artillery Company until James Tippet arrived. The Council had confirmed the promise on 2 July 1770. Entering the payment in the quarter's accounts put it before the Court for approval. | |
350 | 16th July Dr. William Wrangham 1770 June 30th Brought Over £ 4835 16 11½ Carrd. Over £ 4835 16 11½ | Facing the next run of payments, William Wrangham's debit side showed the same single charge, carried forward unchanged. 30 June 1770, brought forward, £4,835 16s 11½d Carried forward, £4,835 16s 11½d | |
351 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 788 4 4½ James's Valley Brought Over £ 24 17 3 84 Days Lime burners 1/6 6 6 42½ do. Smiths 1/6 3 3 4½ 37 Coxswains 1/6 2 15 6 66½ Overseers 1/6 4 19 9 97 do. do. 1/ 4 17 1091½ do. Labourers 1/ 54 11 3 101 10 1½ By do. paid for the following Work at the Barracks vizt. 6 Days Overseers @ 1/6 £ 9 3 do. do. 1/ 3 141½ do. Labourers 1/ 7 1 3 7 13 3 By do. paid for the following Work at Mundens Battery vizt. 52 Days Carpenters 1/6 £ 3 18 4 do. Sawyers 1/6 6 62 do. Stone Cutters 1/6 4 13 12½ do. Coxswains 1/6 18 9 16⅞ Smiths 1/6 1 5 1½ 5½ do. Painters 1/6 8 9 19 do. Overseers 1/ 19 396 do. Labourers 1/ 19 16 32 2 7½ By do. paid for the following Work at Lemon Valley Fortification vizt. 141⅝ Days Stone blowers 1/6 £ 10 12 7½ 24 do. Coxswains 1/6 1 16 75 do. Overseers 1/6 5 12 6 12 do. Smiths 1/6 18 31 do. Overseers 1/ 1 11 7 do. Lime burning 1/6 10 6 2483½ do. Labourers 1/ 124 3 6 145 4 1½ By do. paid 14 Days Painting the Chaplains House 1 1 By do. paid 3 do. Overseers Building a Lime House 3 By do. paid 67 do. Labourers do. do. 3 7 Carried Over £ 1079 5 6 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued with the cost of the works, carried on from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £788 4s 4½d James's Valley brought forward, £24 17s 3d Lime burners, 84 days at 1s 6d, £6 6s 0d Smiths, 42½ days at 1s 6d, £3 3s 4½d Coxswains, 37 days at 1s 6d, £2 15s 6d Overseers, 66½ days at 1s 6d, £4 19s 9d Overseers, 97 days at 1s, £4 17s 0d Labourers, 1,091¼ days at 1s, £54 11s 3d Total for James's Valley, £101 10s 1½d Barracks, overseers, 6 days at 1s 6d, £0 9s 0d Barracks, overseers, 3 days at 1s, £0 3s 0d Barracks, labourers, 141¼ days at 1s, £7 1s 3d Total for the barracks, £7 13s 3d Munden's Battery, carpenters, 52 days at 1s 6d, £3 18s 0d Munden's Battery, sawyers, 4 days at 1s 6d, £0 6s 0d Munden's Battery, stonecutters, 62 days at 1s 6d, £4 13s 0d Munden's Battery, coxswains, 12½ days at 1s 6d, £0 18s 9d Munden's Battery, smiths, 16⅞ days at 1s 6d, £1 5s 1½d Munden's Battery, painters, 5½ days at 1s 6d, £0 8s 3d Munden's Battery, overseers, 19 days at 1s, £0 19s 0d Munden's Battery, labourers, 396 days at 1s, £19 16s 0d Total for Munden's Battery, £32 2s 7½d Lemon Valley fortification, stone blowers, 141⅞ days at 1s 6d, £10 12s 7½d Lemon Valley fortification, coxswains, 24 days at 1s 6d, £1 16s 0d Lemon Valley fortification, overseers, 75 days at 1s 6d, £5 12s 6d Lemon Valley fortification, smiths, 12 days at 1s 6d, £0 18s 0d Lemon Valley fortification, overseers, 31 days at 1s, £1 11s 0d Lemon Valley fortification, lime burning, 7 days at 1s 6d, £0 10s 6d Lemon Valley fortification, labourers, 2,483½ days at 1s, £124 3s 6d Total for Lemon Valley, £145 4s 1½d Painting the chaplain's house, 14 days, £1 1s 0d Building a lime house, overseers, 3 days, £0 3s 0d Building a lime house, labourers, 67 days, £3 7s 0d Carried forward, £1,079 5s 6d Interpretations Lemon Valley took the largest share of the quarter's labour: 2,483½ labourer-days and almost 142 days of blasting, against 216½ labourer-days and 32 days of blasting in the first quarter of 1770. Most of the fortification there was built between April and June. On 25 June 1770 the Council could fairly record it as complete except for clearing the watercourse. The coxswains on the Lemon Valley and Munden's Point accounts were the men in charge of the boats. Lemon Valley could be reached from James Town only by sea, and Munden's Point most easily from the water. Every load of lime, timber, tools and food went round by boat, and the boat crews were paid as part of the works. The barracks appear in the accounts for the first time, with 141¼ labourer-days under a few days' supervision. That is levelling and clearing, the work the Council told Captain Tippet on 2 July 1770 to press on with. The larger gangs and the carpenters' new tools would follow once Munden's Point was finished. The demi-bastion in James's Valley still took over 1,000 labourer-days, but only for repair work. The large stone and labour costs of earlier quarters were over, and the island's spending was shifting from batteries to barracks. | |
352 | 16th July Dr. William Wrangham 1770 June 30th Brought Over £ 4835 16 11½ £ 4835 16 11½ | William Wrangham's debit side closed on this page with a final total, made up only of the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest. 30 June 1770, brought forward, £4,835 16s 11½d Total, £4,835 16s 11½d | |
353 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. Brought Over £ 1079 5 6 By Cash paid for the following Work repairing the Long Boats vizt. 71 Days Carpentrs. Work 1/6 £ 5 6 6 5 do. Sawyers do. 1/6 6 40 do. Smiths do. 1/6 3 36⅞ Sailmakers do. 1/6 2 15 3¾ 11 7 7¾ By do. paid 23 Days Smiths Work Cleaning Small Arms 1 14 6 By do. paid 17 do. making Rails for the Mount 1 5 6 By do. paid 17 do. Labourers at the Lieu. Govr. House 17 By do. paid 8 do. Repairing the Church 8 By do. paid 11½ do. in Laying Cables 11 6 By do. paid for making Cots for the Garrison vizt. 16 Days Smiths Work 1/6 £ 1 4 2 do. Sailmakers 1/6 3 68 do. Carpenters 1/6 5 2 4 do. Sawyers 1/6 6 6 15 By do. paid for the following Work in erecting a Shed in the Stores vizt. 85 Days Lab. Work 1/ £ 4 5 5 do. Smiths do. 1/6 7 6 11 do. Overseers do. 1/ 11 30 do. Carpenters do. 1/6 2 5 9 do. Sawyers do. 1/6 13 6 8 2 1110 6 7¾ By Amount of the Pay Account 3725 10 4 £ 4835 16 11¾ Island St. Helena 30th June 1770 Errors Excepted (signed) Willm. Wrangham Paymaster Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of June last which is as follows vizt. | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster closed with the following payments, carried on from the total of £1,079 5s 6d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,079 5s 6d Repairing the longboats, carpenters, 71 days at 1s 6d, £5 6s 6d Repairing the longboats, sawyers, 4 days at 1s 6d, £0 6s 0d Repairing the longboats, smiths, 2 days at 1s 6d, £0 3s 0d Repairing the longboats, sailmakers, 36⅞ days at 1s 6d, £2 15s 5½d Total for the longboats, £11 7s 7½d Smiths cleaning small arms, 23 days, £1 14s 6d Making rails for the Mount, 17 days, £1 5s 6d Labourers at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 17 days, £0 17s 0d Repairing the church, 8 days, £0 8s 0d Spinning cables, 11½ days, £0 11s 6d Making cots for the garrison, smiths, 16 days at 1s 6d, £1 4s 0d Making cots for the garrison, sailmakers, 2 days at 1s 6d, £0 3s 0d Making cots for the garrison, carpenters, 68 days at 1s 6d, £5 2s 0d Making cots for the garrison, sawyers, 4 days at 1s 6d, £0 6s 0d Total for cots, £6 15s 0d Making a cellar in the stores, labourers, 85 days at 1s, £4 5s 0d Making a cellar in the stores, smiths, 5 days at 1s 6d, £0 7s 6d Making a cellar in the stores, overseers, 11 days at 1s, £0 11s 0d Making a cellar in the stores, carpenters, 30 days at 1s 6d, £2 5s 0d Making a cellar in the stores, sawyers, 9 days at 1s 6d, £0 13s 6d Total for the cellar, £8 2s 0d Total of payments, £1,110 6s 7½d Amount of the pay list, £3,725 10s 4d Total, £4,835 16s 11½d William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena on 30 June 1770, with errors excepted. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for June. Interpretations For the second quarter running, the paymaster's account balanced to the halfpenny. Every penny Wrangham drew from the chest was either paid out in wages and bills or set against the pay list, and he held no balance of public money between quarters. The total of payments outside the pay list rose only a little, from £1,027 0s 8d to £1,110 6s 7½d. The quarter's real increase in cost came through the larger garrison and the new rates of pay, not through the works. The work charged at the end of the account fills out what the stores accounts showed. The new cellar in the stores used 85 labourer-days, 30 carpenter-days and over 120 deals, and was ready for the store ship's salt meat and arrack. The cots used 68 days of carpenters' work and three pieces of canvas to bed the recruits who had landed in May. The 11½ days spent spinning cables show that the island was making some of its own rope from imported hemp, rather than relying entirely on the cordage that the boats and the battery at Munden's Point were wearing through by the ton. | |
354 | 16th July Cash Dr. 1770 June 1st To Balance remaining £ 10963 16 1 2 To Ship Neptune 15 15 6 To Ship Duke of Grafton 14 10 9 5 To Exchange for 6 Sets Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable as follows vizt. One Set to Messrs. Stainforth and Gibbons £ 55 One do. to John Calland Esqr. 110 16 11 One do. to Charles Bourchier Esqr. 176 6 One do. to Robt. Wood Esqr. 557 One do. to Captn. Thos. Kirkpatrick 566 3 10 One do. to Mrs. Ann Barne 30 1495 6 9 11th To do. for 2 Sets do. drawn as above payable as follows vizt. One Set to Captn. William Tryon £ 126 14 6 One do. to Captn. Richard Doveton 63 189 14 6 12 To Ship British King 9 11 3 To Ship Harcourt 22 7 8 To Ship Duke of Albany 31 17 2 16 To Exchange for 2 Sets Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable as follows vizt. One Set to Miss Mary Bazett £ 60 One do. to the Revd. Mr. William Lee 20 80 To Ship Devonshire 7 7 5 30 To James Powell recd. of him for Stores sold in the Quarter ending this Day 1893 2 9 To Plantation for Provision Sold 39 17 8 To Licences for Public Houses 12 10 To Customs recd. on 4088½ Galls. Spirituous Liquors 51 2 1½ £ 14826 19 7½ | The Council's count of the Company's cash for June 1770 produced the following account. Debit 1 June 1770, balance remaining, £10,962 19s 10d 2 June 1770, received from the Neptune, £15 15s 6d. 2 June 1770, received from the Duke of Grafton, £14 10s 9d. 5 June 1770, bill of exchange on the Court of Directors payable to Stainforth and Gibson, £55 0s 0d 5 June 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to John Cartland, £106 16s 11d 5 June 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Charles Bourchier, £176 6s 0d 5 June 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Robert Wood, £557 0s 0d 5 June 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Captain Thomas Kirkpatrick, £566 3s 10d 5 June 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Mrs Ann Barne, £30 0s 0d Total for the 6 sets of bills, £1,495 6s 9d 11 June 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Captain William Tryon, £126 14s 6d 11 June 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Captain Richard Doveton, £63 0s 0d Total for the 2 sets of bills, £189 14s 6d 12 June 1770, received from the British King, £9 11s 3d. 12 June 1770, received from the Harcourt, £22 7s 8d. 12 June 1770, received from the Duke of Albany, £31 17s 2d. 16 June 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Mrs Mary Bazett, £60 0s 0d 16 June 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to the Reverend William Lee, £20 0s 0d Total for the 2 sets of bills, £80 0s 0d Received from the Devonshire, £7 7s 5d. 30 June 1770, from James Powell, for stores sold in the quarter ending that day, £1,893 2s 9d From the plantation, for provisions sold, £39 17s 8d Licences for public houses, £12 10s 0d Customs duty received on 4,088½ gallons of spirits, £51 2s 1½d Total, £14,826 19s 7½d Interpretations The treasury took in far more coin in June than the paymaster's quarter would take out. Islanders bought ten sets of bills on London that month, worth over £1,760, because leading men sent their savings home while the homeward fleet could carry the bills. The warehouse returned £1,893 2s 9d for the quarter, about £420 more than in the first quarter of 1770. The rise came from the 40% sales to ships and the rush on wine, cloth and shoes once the spring ships restocked the shelves. The debit side stood at £14,826 19s 7½d before the paymaster's drawing of £4,835 16s 11½d was set against it. On the credit side, the chest therefore stood to end the quarter with roughly £10,000 in hand. That was about the same as at the end of May, despite the higher cost of the garrison. The duty on spirits fell by a third, from 6,089½ gallons in the first quarter of 1770 to 4,088½. The arrack ships from Bengal and Batavia had come and gone in the earlier quarter. The duty recorded only what was landed, not what was drunk. With the barracks overcrowded and fresh recruits landing, the Council had no reason to think that consumption had fallen. | |
355 | 1770 Per Contra Cr. 1770 June 30th By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Paymaster to pay Salrs. &c.a in the Quarter ending this Day 4835 16 11½ By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 9451 7 8 In Cash Notes 539 15 9991 2 8 £ 14826 19 7½ | The credit side of the June cash account recorded the paymaster's drawing and the balance left in the chest. Credit 30 June 1770, advanced to the paymaster to pay salaries and other charges for the quarter ending that day, £4,835 16s 11½d Balance remaining in coin, £9,451 7s 8d Balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £9,991 2s 8d Total, £14,826 19s 7½d Interpretations The quarter closed with £9,451 7s 8d in coin. That was about £970 less than at the end of May, but well above the £7,190 9s 4d left at the end of March. The paymaster drew some £400 more than in the first quarter, mainly for the recruits, the new appointments and the back pay ordered by the Court. Islanders sending money home by bill paid in enough coin to cover most of that. The cash notes stood at £539 15s 0d, the same figure as in every count since March. The Council had issued no new paper while coin was coming in, and it kept the notes for times when the chest ran low. | |
356 | 16th July Mr. John Alexander this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of John Alexander Sheweth That your Petitioner hath a Lease expired for Nine Acres of Land lying in the West Division of the said Island he requests your Worship & Council will be pleased to grant him a Renewal of the same. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) 16 July 1770 John Alexander Granted We this day executed the renewal of a Lease to Captn. Richard Beale for a piece of Ground lying in James Valley containing eighty two feet in depth and fourteen Feet in breadth at 5/ pr. Annum. The five pounds offered in the Advertisement published the 19th September 1768 for apprehending Runaway Blacks we think too large a Sum therefore reduced it to three pounds and Ordered the following Advertisement to be published. Island St. Helena 16th July 1770. Whereas an Advertisement was published the 19th Sept. 1768 offering a reward of five Pounds for apprehending Runaway Blacks We find upon experience the above reward falls heavy upon all partys concerned and at the same time that they may be proper encouragement & | On 16 July 1770 John Alexander petitioned Governor Skottowe and the Council. His lease of nine acres in the island's West Division had run out, and he asked for it to be renewed. The Council granted the request. The same day the Council signed the renewal of Captain Richard Beale's lease of a piece of ground in James's Valley. The plot measured 82 feet deep and 14 feet wide, at a rent of 5s a year. An advertisement published on 19 September 1768 had offered a reward of £5 for catching runaway slaves. The Council thought this too large a sum and cut it to £3. It ordered a new advertisement to be published, dated at St Helena on 16 July 1770. This stated that experience had shown the £5 reward fell heavily on everyone concerned. At the same time, those who caught runaways still had to be given a proper incentive. Interpretations The Council cut the reward for runaways only days after the quarter's accounts showed its own share of the cost. On 30 June 1770 it paid £5, a third of the reward for three slaves taken after the period allowed in the advertisement. At £5 a head, the full reward for those three came to £15, shared between the Company and the owners. That was a heavy charge for owners of small plantations, who might lose more in reward than a slave's absence had cost them. The obvious course was to leave the reward at £5 and accept the burden as the price of order. The Council chose instead to lower it to £3, enough, in its judgement, still to tempt settlers and soldiers to hunt runaways in the ravines. The notice openly weighs the cost to owners against the need to keep the incentive. Captain Beale's ground in James's Valley was a narrow town plot, 82 feet by 14, the size of a single house with a yard behind. A rent of 5s a year was nominal. The Company's real hold over such land lay in the term of the lease and the Council's power to renew or refuse it, not in the rent. | |
357 | 1770 encouragement given for taking such Offenders. It is hereby Ordered for the future that three pounds instead of five Pounds shall be paid for any Slave taken after fourteen Days Elopement, according to the following proportions vizt. ten Shillings from the Proprietor of such absenting Slave, twenty five Shillings from the Honble. Company and twenty five Shillings from the Parish. Pr. Order of Council (signed) Mattw. Bazett Secy. The Lieutenant Governor this Day presented the following Minute The Lieu. Governor begs leave to observe that the resolution taken in Council on Monday the 2d. July for carrying into immediate execution additional Barracks was with the Unanimous consent of the Board, that the Plan laid before Us by the Engineer likewise received our general approbation but the situation of the Ground for erecting the said Barracks as fixed upon, Mr. Corneille does not approve of for the following reasons. That the foundation Walls as well exterior, interior and angle Walls of that range of building next to the Water Course must be raised upwards upwards of sixteen feet to bring them up to the proper Level and then filled in at a very great expence of Labour and time before the said Barracks can be erected thereupon. And as Mr. Corneille is well convinced that his proposal of taking in a part of a Walk (commonly called the Maldavia walk on the opposite side) as the Wall will admit of a full level space to afford a proper breadth for the Additional Square to be added, and avoid the the above great hollow, as well as save the Expence of so much Masonry under Ground and also the Labour and Expence of filling up, by bringing forward that Range of building next the Water Course thirty feet within the present Range proposed. And as he is convinced that such a measure will save the Honble. Company between three and four hundred pounds as well as expedite the compleation of that Work. He therefore enters this as his dissent, why he does not agree to the situation of the Ground as already fixed upon. 16th July 1770 | The new advertisement went on to order that any runaway slave caught after 14 days' absence would carry a reward of £3 0s 0d instead of £5 0s 0d. The owner of the absent slave would pay 10s 0d of it, the Company 25s 0d and the parish 25s 0d. Matthew Bazett, the secretary, signed it by order of the Council. Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, then laid a minute before the Council. On Monday 2 July 1770 the Council had resolved, unanimously, to build the additional barracks at once. Corneille fully approved the plan that the engineer had laid before the Council. He did not approve the site chosen for it, for the following reasons. The foundation walls of the range nearest the watercourse, outer, inner and cross walls alike, would have to be raised more than 16 feet to reach the proper level. The space would then have to be filled in, at great cost in labour and time, before the barracks could be built on it. Corneille was also convinced that a better course was available. Part of the walk known as the Maldivia walk lay on the opposite side, against the hill. Taking it in would leave a level space wide enough for the additional square. It would also avoid the hollow and save the cost of so much masonry below ground and the labour of filling it. The range nearest the watercourse could then be brought forward 30 feet from where it was now planned. He believed this would save the Company between £300 and £400 and finish the work sooner. He therefore entered this dissent, setting out why he did not agree to the site already chosen. Interpretations The new reward divided the cost three ways, and the owner paid the smallest share. On 30 June 1770 the Company had paid a third of the old £5 reward. Under the new scale the owner paid 10s, a sixth of a smaller total, and the Company and the parish each paid 25s. The obvious course was to make the owner, who got his slave back, pay most of the reward. The Council chose the opposite. Owners who had to pay heavily might hesitate to report an escape or claim a capture, and runaways at large in the ravines stole livestock and threatened the whole island. Spreading the cost through the parish rate and the Company's chest made the hunt for runaways a public charge, so no owner had reason to keep quiet about an escape. Corneille's dissent was a formal act, not a passing remark. A councillor who disagreed with a decision could have his reasons entered in the minutes. The minutes went home to the Court, so a dissent let the Directors see the argument and judge who had been right. Corneille did not oppose the barracks, which the Council had resolved on unanimously. He opposed the site, on grounds of cost. Building on the low ground beside the watercourse meant raising walls 16 feet before the floor could even be laid, and he put the waste at £300 to £400. Moving the square back against the hill would sacrifice part of the Maldivia walk, a public promenade, to save that money. The record does not say how the Governor and Purling answered him. | |
358 | 16th July Agreed to go this Afternoon to view the Ground a second time intended for erecting the Barracks and directed Captain Tippet to give us his sentiments upon the propriety or impropriety of the Ground first intended for the said Additional Barracks to be erected upon. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling At a Consultation held on Monday the 23 day of July 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matt. Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated 16 July 1770 Thursday the 19th passed by a Ship at a great distance The Governor and Mr. Burling delivered the following Minutes and Capt. Tippet laid before the Board the subsequent Letter vizt. Governors Minute The Governor having been with the Gentlemen of Council to review the Ground proposed to enlarge the Barracks with as little expence to the Company as the nature of the Work and situation of Ground would admit of offers it as his opinion that the Building the Wall eighteen or twenty feet from the hollow will considerably lessen the expence | The Council agreed to go that afternoon and view, a second time, the ground proposed for the barracks. It directed Captain Tippet to give his opinion on whether the ground first chosen for the additional barracks was suitable. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 23 July 1770. The Governor attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 16 July 1770 were read, approved and signed. A ship had passed the island far out to sea on Thursday 19 July. The Governor and Matthew Purling each delivered a minute, and Captain Tippet laid a letter before the Council. The Governor's minute began as follows. He had gone with the other members of the Council to view again the ground proposed for enlarging the barracks. The aim was to do the work as cheaply as its nature and the site allowed. In his opinion, building the wall 18 or 20 feet back from the hollow would greatly reduce the cost. Interpretations Corneille's dissent changed the course of the barracks scheme within the same day. The Council could simply have entered his objection and gone ahead on the site already chosen, as a two-to-one majority entitled it to do. Instead it went out that afternoon to look at the ground again and asked the engineer for a written opinion. The Governor's minute shows that the inspection moved him. Without fully accepting Corneille's plan to take in the Maldivia walk, he now proposed setting the wall back 18 or 20 feet from the hollow to cut the cost. A dissent recorded for the Court's eyes was a strong lever. No Governor wanted the Directors to read that his deputy had warned of a waste of £300 to £400 and been overruled without a second look. | |
359 | 1770 expence as also facilitate the expediting of said Work and render the said Barracks full as broad as the Old ones and likewise prevent any incroachment on the Walk leading to the Maldavia which is a circumstance the Governor Acknowledges he could wish to prevent as he considers the said Walk both an Ornament to the place and of some Utility in this Valley as perhaps a means of contributing to the health of both Inhabitants and Passengers. Mr. Burling begs leave to observe on the point now in Question relative to Erecting the Barracks now proposed to be carried into execution. That on Wednesday last the 11th Instant he went in company with Mr. Corneille and Captain Bazett, to the Ground he saw the foundation next the Water Course in part marked out which immediately appeared to him, and he then declared that if the Work was prosecuted as laid out it would be attended with great expence to the Company as the filling up a very large hollow would not only occasion a great deal of Labourers Work but also Masonry as every wall must have a foundation from the bottom of the hollow consequently be very high before it could be brought to the level for forming the Barracks. That on our first meeting in Consultation he intended to point out this to the Board and advise an alteration in order to save this extraordinary expence which he mentioned in Consultation on Monday last. That he now gives it as his opinion that the exterior foundation next the Water Course should run in a line to take in as little as possible of the hollow to prevent the heavy work of filling in &c. and if by extending the Ground as far as the Maldavia Walk and cutting away the first row of Trees to make room for the Parade it should not be deemed sufficient for that purpose, he thinks the Walk should be taken in also, but not otherwise which he submits to other Judgments, though at the same time he confesses it is a matter of Concern to break in upon and stop a Walk made more than thirty Years since at the expence of the Company, for the convenience of the Inhabitants in a place where there are but few Walks, and where we are so much confined as in this Valley, under such circumstances he must repeat again that if possible the Walk should be preserved. It may be reasonably supposed that if the Ground will admit of a Parade for these Barracks equally as wide as those Built in Mr. Hutchinsons Government it will be sufficient for every purpose of discipline as he might (if he had thought it necessary) made the Parade of those | The Governor's minute continued with the benefits of his proposal. Setting the wall back would speed the work and make the new barracks as broad as the old ones. It would also avoid any encroachment on the walk leading to the Maldivia. Governor Skottowe wished to prevent that, because he thought the walk an ornament to the place and of some use in the valley, perhaps helping the health of both inhabitants and passengers. Matthew Purling's minute addressed the same question of where to build the barracks. On Wednesday 11 July he had gone to the ground with Daniel Corneille and Captain Bazett. He saw the foundation next to the watercourse partly marked out, and the problem was at once plain to him. He then said that if the work went ahead as laid out, it would cost the Company a great deal. Filling up a very large hollow would take much labour. Every wall would also need a foundation from the bottom of the hollow, so the masonry would rise very high before it reached the level needed for the barracks. He had meant to raise this at the first meeting of Council and to propose a change to avoid the extra cost, and he had done so at the meeting the previous Monday. Purling now gave his opinion that the outer foundation next to the watercourse should run in a line taking in as little of the hollow as possible. That would avoid the heavy work of filling it. The ground could be extended as far as the Maldivia walk, and the first row of trees cut away to make room for the parade. If that was not enough, he thought the walk itself should be taken in too, though only if there was no other way, and he left that to the others' judgement. He admitted it was a serious thing to break into and close a walk that the Company had made for the inhabitants more than 30 years before. There were few walks on the island, and people in the valley were very confined. In those circumstances he repeated that the walk should be kept if at all possible. He thought it reasonable to suppose that if the ground allowed a parade for the new barracks as wide as the one built under Mr Hutchinson's government, it would be enough for every purpose of discipline. Hutchinson could have made his parade wider if he had thought it necessary. Interpretations The three councillors agreed on the problem and differed only on how much of the walk to give up. All three accepted that building over the full depth of the hollow would be wasteful. Corneille wanted to take in part of the Maldivia walk. The Governor wanted to save it by setting the wall back. Purling took a middle course: take as little of the hollow as possible, cut the first row of trees, and give up the walk itself only as a last resort. The walk had been made at the Company's expense more than 30 years before. It was one of the few shaded places in a hot, enclosed valley where the town's people and visiting passengers could walk. Its value to health, as the Governor put it, made the councillors reluctant to give it up, even to save several hundred pounds on a barracks for 500 men. Purling used Hutchinson's parade as the measure for the new one, as the Council had used Hutchinson's plan for the barracks. Treating a former Governor's work as the standard spared the Council from arguing the question afresh. It also gave the Court a precedent it had already accepted. | |
360 | 23d. July those Barracks much wider than it is for the Spot on which they are erected would easily admit of it, and from that Gentlemans long experience in Military Affairs it may justly be concluded that he deemed a Parade of that breadth a competent space to answer every purpose of discipline here. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of the Island St. Helena Gentlemen As you desire my opinion in regard to the present Plan of the Barracks, I think you may save about three hundred pounds if you intend to carry on the Barracks in the manner Mr. Corneille as pointed out to you in destroying the Walk and taking up the Trees. I am very certain Gentlemen if you do not destroy the Walk there is a Possibility of saving two hundred pounds to bring the Barracks twenty four feet within the present Foundation which will not in the least Interfere with the Trees of the walk and make the new Barracks equally as large as the Old. I am Gentlemen Your most Oblig'd Hble. Servant (signed) St. Helena July the 17th 1770 James Tippet In consequence of the above minutes the Governor requested each member of the Board would signify his sentiments in writing, that the Engineer might have Orders to proceed on said work accordingly. Mr. Burlings Opinion As the Engineer has represented to the Board that after bringing the exterior foundation next the Water Course twenty four | Purling's minute closed with the point about Hutchinson's parade. The site of the old barracks would easily have allowed Hutchinson a much wider parade. Hutchinson had long experience in military matters. Purling concluded that he must have judged a parade of that width enough for every purpose of discipline on the island. Captain Tippet's letter to Governor Skottowe and the Council was dated at St Helena on 17 July 1770. He gave the opinion on the barracks plan that the Council had asked of him. The Company could save about £300 by building in the way Corneille had proposed, destroying the walk and taking up the trees. If the Council chose not to destroy the walk, it could still save about £200. That would be done by bringing the barracks 24 feet inside the present foundation. This would not touch the trees of the walk at all, and the new barracks would still be as large as the old ones. After these minutes, the Governor asked each member of the Council to give his opinion in writing, so that the engineer could be ordered to go ahead. Matthew Purling's opinion followed. The engineer had told the Council that bringing the outer foundation next to the watercourse 24 feet inward would... Interpretations Tippet's figures turned the dispute into a straightforward choice. Destroying the walk would save about £300. Keeping it and moving the foundation 24 feet inward would save about £200. Either was far cheaper than the site first chosen. Keeping the walk would therefore cost the Company about £100 more than sacrificing it. The engineer had put an exact price on the walk, and he showed that the barracks could still match the old ones in size without it. The Governor asked each councillor for a written opinion, so that whatever the decision, each man's reasons would stand in the minutes for the Court to read. | |
361 | 1770 four feet farther in the Ground will admit of a Parade full as wide as the Parade of the Old Barracks, without taking in the Walk. Mr. Burling therefore abides by his former Opinion that the Walk should not be encroached upon but the Barracks erected clear of the same. Lieu. Govr. Opinion Mr. Corneille is fully of Opinion to come thirty feet within the present range, as that will entirely clear the hollow consequently to take in the Maldavia Walk the length of the new Barracks as he holds eighty eight feet in Breadth and two hundred and fifty in Length to be totally insufficient for a Parade for this Garrison even on its lowest Establishment. Governors Opinion The Governor is of opinion that the carrying the Wall twenty four feet within the Present foundation agreeable to what the Engineer has pointed will fully answer every intended purpose in the construction of the Barracks and also preserve the Walk leading to the Maldavia Garden entire as it is and that therefore the Engineer should have Orders to carry the same into execution according to that Plan with all possible dispatch. Agreeable to the Majority of opinions of the Board Captain Tippet received Orders to carry the Barracks into execution twenty four feet within the foundation as first proposed and preserve the Maldavia Walk in the present state. Robert Allum Private this day Petitioned for his discharge from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company his contracted time. Granted John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | Purling went on to note that, by the engineer's account, moving the foundation 24 feet inward would still leave room for a parade as wide as the one at the old barracks, without taking in the walk. Purling therefore kept to his earlier view: the walk should not be touched, and the barracks should be built clear of it. Daniel Corneille gave his opinion that the foundation should be brought 30 feet inside the present line, which would clear the hollow entirely. That meant taking in the Maldivia walk along the length of the new barracks. He held that a parade 88 feet wide and 250 feet long would be wholly insufficient for the garrison, even at its lowest strength. Governor Skottowe's opinion was that building the wall 24 feet inside the present foundation, as the engineer had pointed out, would fully serve every purpose of the barracks. It would also keep the walk to the Maldivia garden whole, as it stood. The engineer should therefore be ordered to carry out the work on that plan as quickly as possible. Following the majority opinion, Captain Tippet was ordered to build the barracks 24 feet inside the foundation first proposed and to keep the Maldivia walk as it was. Robert Allum, a private, asked to be discharged from the garrison because he had served his full term with the Company. The Council granted his request. The Governor, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The Council kept the Maldivia walk at a cost of about £100, the difference between the engineer's two estimates. Corneille's plan was the cheaper one and would have given a larger parade. The Governor and Purling chose to keep a public walk that the Company had made more than 30 years before. Their argument rested on precedent and amenity. The old barracks had managed with a parade of the same size, and the walk was one of the few places in the hot, crowded valley where townspeople and passengers could take the air. Corneille's point was military. He held that a parade 88 feet by 250 was too small to drill a garrison now approaching 500 men. It was the larger force the Council was building the barracks to house. His objection stood in the minutes, outvoted, for the Court to judge. Robert Allum had been both a private in the Second Company and the Company's groom, paid £2 a quarter on the civil list. His discharge cost the island a stable hand as well as a soldier. The Council could not refuse it, because his term had run out. | |
362 | 30th July At a Consultation held on Monday the 30th day of July 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 23 July 1770 Saturday the 28th died Mrs. Susannah Pledger Widow do. do. Arrived the Ansons Boat at Banks's at nine OClock at Night Yesterday do. the Honble. Company's Ship Anson from Madrass last from Mauritius do. Died Henry Pinchin Private This day passed by a Dane Ship The Anson brought us the following Supplys vizt. Invoice of Ship Anson Rice fine 60 Bags Wt. Ba. Md. 120 @ 11 pr. Ar. 471 4 3 Paddy 15 Bags Wt. S. Md. 22 20 @ 1 14 pr. Md. 42 8 6 Wax Candles 4 Chests Wt. 8 75 do. 600 Sugar 10 Bags Wt. 20 8 do. 160 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers 180 pr. Lr. 388 12 9 1662 9 6 Invoice of Ship Anson Carrd. over 1662 9 6 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 30 July 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 23 July 1770 were read, approved and signed. Mrs Susannah Pledger, a widow, died on Saturday 28 July. At nine o'clock that night the Anson's boat landed at Banks's. On Sunday 29 July the Company's ship Anson came in from Madras, having called last at Mauritius. Henry Pinchen, a private, died the same day. A Danish ship passed the island on 30 July. The Anson brought the following supplies, valued in rupees on the ship's invoice. Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 maunds, at 11 seers for a rupee, 471 rupees 4 annas 3 pice Paddy, 15 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, at 1 maund 4 seers for a rupee, 42 rupees 8 annas 6 pice Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds, at 75 rupees a maund, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds, at 8 rupees a maund, 160 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at 180 rupees a leaguer, 388 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Total, 1,662 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Invoice of the Anson carried forward, 1,662 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Interpretations The Anson came in from Madras by way of Mauritius, the same route the Britannia had taken in May. Two Company ships calling at the French island base in a single season suggests the stop was becoming usual on the passage home from the Coromandel coast. Water and fresh food could be had there well before the Cape. Each visit also let the Company's officers see the French harbour and its shipping, and the Council would expect to hear their report. Her cargo matched the Bengal ships of the spring item for item: 60 bags of rice, 15 of paddy, 10 of sugar, four chests of wax candles and two leaguers of arrack. That was the fixed annual allowance each presidency loaded on a ship bound for St Helena. Fine rice cost about 3 rupees 15 annas a maund at 11 seers for a rupee. That was far less than the Duke of Grafton's rice from Bengal and close to the Royal Charlotte's. Madras had not shared Bengal's soaring grain prices that season. The Anson was also the ship the Council had been waiting for on 18 June 1770, hoping she would bring an assortment of cloth so it need not buy more for the women slaves. | |
363 | 1770 Invoice of Ship Anson bro. over 1662 9 6 Charges Merchandize 135 Gunny Bags @ 12 Rs. pr. Ct. 20 1 6 3 Twine 4 9 16 Gunnys 16 2 11 3 10 Jute Rope & Twile 1 6 4 Mangoe Chests 8 10 3 3¼ Gurah Cloth 16 4 11 9 45 Reed Mats 3 do. 3 14 3 Sloop hire 167 6 6 Weighmen & Packers 2 Duts & Peon 4 5 Mootras 12 8 Boat hire 4 3 3 231 15 Current Rupees 1894 8 9 Errors Excepted (signed) L. Darell Junr. Sub Accompt. Invoice of Ship Anson Long Cloth Super Fine Uncorged One Bale Ps. No. 1 One Bale Ps. No. 2 1 10 Corge 2 10 @ 132 pr. Corge Ps. 330 Washing uncorged @ 2 7 16 pr. 50 5 18 Packing 4 9 Beathaw @ 10 16 pr. Ps. 26 32 Freight @ 2 18 pr. Ps. 5 15 17 32 345 17 32 Stockings @ 2 Ps. a P. pr. Ps. 51 18 397 35 32 Invoice of Ship Anson Carrd. over 397 35 32 | The Anson's Bengal invoice continued with the charges, carried on from the total of 1,662 rupees 9 annas 6 pice brought forward. Brought forward, 1,662 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Gunny bags, 155, 20 rupees 1 anna 6 pice Twine, 3, 0 rupees 4 annas 9 pice Gunnies, 16, 2 rupees 11 annas 3 pice Jute ropes and nails, 10, 1 rupee 0 annas 6 pice Mango-wood chests, 4, 8 rupees 10 annas 3 pice Gurrah cloth, ¾ piece, 4 rupees 11 annas 9 pice Reed mats, 45, 3 rupees 14 annas 3 pice Sloop hire, 167 rupees 6 annas 6 pice Weighmen and packers, 2 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Duty and a peon, 4 rupees 5 annas 0 pice Masula boats, 12 rupees 8 annas 0 pice Boat hire, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pice Total for charges, 231 rupees 15 annas 0 pice Total in current rupees, 1,894 rupees 8 annas 9 pice L. Darell junior, the sub-accountant, signed the invoice with errors excepted. The Anson also carried a second invoice, valued in Madras pagodas, fanams and cash. Superfine long cloth, unwashed, bales nos. 1 and 2, 2 corge 10 pieces at 132 pagodas a corge, 330 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Washing, at 2 pagodas 7 fanams 16 cash a corge, 5 pagodas 18 fanams 0 cash Packing, 0 pagodas 4 fanams 9 cash Brokerage, at 10½%, 26 pagodas 32 cash Freight, at 2%, 5 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Total for charges, 15 pagodas 17 fanams 32 cash Total for long cloth, 345 pagodas 17 fanams 32 cash Stockings, 52 pagodas 18 fanams 0 cash Invoice of the Anson carried forward, 397 pagodas 35 fanams 32 cash Interpretations The second invoice brought the cloth the Council had been waiting for since 18 June 1770, but not the kind it needed. Fifty pieces of superfine long cloth were bought at 132 pagodas a corge. A corge was a score of 20 pieces, so each piece cost about 6½ pagodas. That was the finest grade in the order the Council had sent to Fort St George on 22 May 1770, meant for officers' shirts and household linen. The coarse cloth for the Company's women slaves was not on the invoice. The Council had already bought 20 pieces of Anjengo cloth from Matthew Purling at 30s a piece, and that purchase now proved the right call. Several terms belong to the Madras trade. The pagoda was the gold coin of the Coromandel coast, divided into fanams and cash. Masula boats were the large surf boats of Madras. Their planks were sewn together with coir rope instead of nails, so they could flex through the heavy surf where no ordinary boat could land. Every bale and bag loaded at Madras went out to the ship in them. Mango-wood chests were the cheap packing cases made from the soft timber of the mango tree. The 10½% brokerage was the commission charged by the Indian broker who bought the cloth from the weavers. | |
364 | 30th July Invoice of Ship Anson brought Over 397 35 32 Long Cloth fine Uncorged Ps. 1 10 @ 66 pr. Corge 99 Washing Uncorged @ 1 25 70 pr. 50 2 20 15 Packing 2 9 Boathire 13 16 Freight 2 18 7 25 1 106 25 1 Long Cloth Midling uncorged Ps. 1 10 @ Ps. 52 28 60 pr. C. 79 7 16 Washing Uncorged @ 1 17 30 pr. 50 2 8 5 Packing 2 9 Boathire 13 16 Freight 2 18 7 12 21 86 19 37 591 7 70 Charges Merchandize Boat & Cooley Hire 1 Boat 10 20 Tarpawlin hire 1 Trip 4 14 20 Pagodas 591 22 10 Errors Excepted pr. Geo. Stratton Accompt. Mr. Philip Mahony this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. of the Island of St. Helena &c. and Council The humble Petition of Phill. Mahony Sheweth That your Petitioner is in Hopes the Honble. the | The Anson's Madras invoice continued from the total of 397 pagodas 35 fanams 32 cash brought forward. Brought forward, 397 pagodas 35 fanams 32 cash Fine long cloth, unwashed, 1 corge 10 pieces at 66 pagodas a corge, 99 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Washing, at 1 pagoda 25 fanams 70 cash a corge, 2 pagodas 20 fanams 15 cash Packing, 0 pagodas 2 fanams 9 cash Boat hire, 0 pagodas 13 fanams 16 cash Freight, 2 pagodas 18 fanams 0 cash Total for charges, 7 pagodas 25 fanams 1 cash Total for fine long cloth, 106 pagodas 25 fanams 1 cash Middling long cloth, unwashed, 1 corge 10 pieces at 52 pagodas 28 fanams a corge, 79 pagodas 7 fanams 16 cash Washing, at 1 pagoda 17 fanams 30 cash a corge, 2 pagodas 8 fanams 5 cash Packing, 0 pagodas 2 fanams 9 cash Boat hire, 0 pagodas 13 fanams 16 cash Freight, 2 pagodas 18 fanams 0 cash Total for charges, 7 pagodas 12 fanams 21 cash Total for middling long cloth, 86 pagodas 19 fanams 37 cash Subtotal, 591 pagodas 7 fanams 70 cash Boat and coolie hire, 1 boat, 0 pagodas 10 fanams 20 cash Tarpaulin hire, 1 trip, 0 pagodas 4 fanams 0 cash Total for charges on the goods, 0 pagodas 14 fanams 20 cash Total, 591 pagodas 22 fanams 10 cash George Stratton signed the invoice as accountant, with errors excepted. Philip Mahony then presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council. He set out that he hoped the Company... Interpretations The Madras invoice sent three grades of long cloth: 50 pieces of superfine, 30 of fine and 30 of middling. It did not send the two cheapest sorts at 3½ and 2½ pagodas, of which the Council had asked for 30 pieces each on 22 May 1770. The Council's order could not have reached Madras before the Anson sailed. This cloth answered an earlier indent. Even so, the cargo shows the gap the Council had already found on 18 June 1770. The island received cloth for officers and households and nothing coarse enough for its slaves. The washing charged on the invoice was the bleaching of the raw cloth by Indian washermen, who beat it in water and laid it in the sun. Washed long cloth was whiter and fetched a higher price. The finer the grade, the more the washing cost per corge. A coolie was a hired porter, and the term came into English from the Company's Indian settlements. | |
365 | 1770 the Court of Directors will be pleased, thro your kind Mediation, to think him worthy of a little more Indulgence and intitled to the same Salary with a Subaltern Officer on this their Island. Your Petitioner humbly presumes to repeat to your Worship and the other Gentlemen of Council that on a former application to you, it was on that Presumption he begd leave to be discharged from Military connections, and he is bold enough to think, it was agreeable to and intended by the Honorable Company when they in their goodness yielded to your Intercession by raising his yearly Salary to £ 110. The Increase made to the Officers pay happening to be of posterior date to that of your Petitioner's was he conceives the cause of the Inequality and it may be understood so from their own Words on the Occasion. Your Petitioner can't omit mentioning that the Fees arising from his Office are so trifling that in the whole course of last Year they amounted only to eighteen Shillings. Impressed with Compunction for his repeated Importunities and possessed with confidence in your kind disposition towards him your Petitioner takes the liberty to recommend this Case to your Consideration and with due Submission to represent to you that you will also vouchsafe to consider the little or no Appearance there is of his Attaining either Advancement or any other Emolument while he has the Honor to remain in the service and he will as in duty bound ever pray &c. 30th July 1770 Messrs. John Whitchurch and John Price as Trustees for Martha Jacks and her two Daughters this Day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena | Mahony hoped that the Court of Directors, through the Council's good offices, would judge him worthy of further favour. He asked to be paid the same salary as a subaltern officer on the island. He reminded Governor Skottowe and the Council that he had made an earlier application on the same basis, when he asked to be released from his military connection. He believed the Company had accepted that arrangement and meant it when, on the Council's recommendation, it raised his salary to £110 a year. The increase in the officers' pay had come later than his own. That, he thought, was what had caused the difference between them, and the Company's own wording on the matter could be read that way. He added that the fees of his office were trifling. In the whole of the previous year they had come to only 18s. He regretted pressing the Council so often but trusted its goodwill towards him. He therefore commended his case to its attention. He also asked the Council to consider that, while he stayed in the service, he had little or no prospect of promotion or any other income. The petition was dated 30 July 1770. John Whitchurch and John Price, as trustees for Martha Jacks and her two daughters, then presented a petition to the Governor and Council. Interpretations Mahony's grievance arose from the Court's own rise for the junior officers. As clerk of the peace he drew £110 a year, salary and house rent together. That had once matched a lieutenant's total pay. When the Court raised the second lieutenants to the first lieutenants' rate from 6 May 1769, the officers drew ahead of him. Mahony had given up his military rank to take the civil post, on the understanding that he would be paid as a subaltern. The rise left him behind men he had once equalled. His fees showed that the post brought in almost nothing on the side. Eighteen shillings in a year meant very little legal business passed through his office. A subaltern could at least hope for promotion to captain. Mahony's civil office led nowhere, and the Council could only recommend his case to the Court, not raise his pay itself. | |
366 | 30th July The humble Petition of John Whitchurch and John Price as Trustees for Martha Jacks and her two Daughters Sheweth That your Petitioners are desirous of having a small piece of the Honble. Company's waste Ground containing six and an half feet in front and sixty feet in depth lying in James's Valley adjoining to the House of the said Martha Jacks humbly requests your Worship and Council will be pleased to grant them a Lease for the same. And your Petitioners will ever pray (signed) 30th July 1770 John Whitchurch John Price Agreed not to let the Ground but to permit the Trustees to have the use of the passage leading to the Back Building upon sufferance in order to reserve to ourselves the taken back said Passage in case of any bad use should be made of it. The Widow and Executors this day produced an Inventory of the effects of Mr. Orlando Bagley Senr. deceased appraised by Messrs. Richard Goodwin, John Alexander and Henry Bazett who being duly Sworn that they Valued the same to the best of their Judgements and the Widow that she produced every Article it was Ordered to be Registered. On the 28th Instant between the hours of one and day break in the Morning Thos. Tyler Corpl. of Artillery George Washington Gunner, John Criswell Matross and Patroon of the Long Boats, Patrick Mahoney Matross, John Hammond, William Conquest and William Richardson Private deserted in one of the Honble. Company's Long Boats | The petition of John Whitchurch and John Price, trustees for Martha Jacks and her two daughters, was dated 30 July 1770. They wished to rent a small piece of the Company's waste ground in James's Valley, next to Martha Jacks's house. It measured 6½ feet across the front and 60 feet deep, and they asked for a lease of it. The Council agreed not to lease the ground. Instead it allowed the trustees to use the passage leading to the back building on sufferance. The Council kept the right to take the passage back if it was misused. The widow and executors of Orlando Bagley senior produced an inventory of his effects. Richard Goodwin, John Alexander and Henry Bazett had valued them, and they swore that they had done so to the best of their judgement. The widow swore that she had produced every item. The Council ordered the inventory to be registered. On 28 July 1770, between one o'clock and daybreak, several men deserted in one of the Company's longboats: Thomas Tyler, corporal of artillery; George Washington, gunner; John Criswell, matross and coxswain of the longboats; Patrick Mahony, matross; and John Hammond, William Conquest and William Richardson, privates. Interpretations The Council refused a lease and granted only leave to use the passage. A lease would have given the trustees a legal interest for a fixed term that the Company could not easily withdraw. Use on sufferance could be cancelled at any time, without notice or compensation. The strip was only 6½ feet wide and gave access to the back of Martha Jacks's house, so it was useful to her and of no other value. The Council allowed it, but on terms that left the Company in full control. A widow with two daughters, whose affairs were run by trustees, could use the passage as long as it was used properly. The deserters included two men the garrison could least spare. John Criswell was coxswain of the longboats, paid £7 10s 0d a quarter on the civil list on top of his pay as a matross. He knew the boats, the landing and the currents round the island better than anyone. George Washington had been promoted gunner on 18 May 1770, only ten weeks before. Thomas Tyler was a corporal of artillery. The escape followed the one by Jeremiah Whorrill and Robert Frankish on 17 April. This time seven men went together, led by the island's most experienced boatman. Unlike the April pair, they were under no illusion about the dangers. The choice of the coxswain suggests they had planned to reach a passing ship rather than drift out to sea. | |
367 | 1770 Boats and had taken a Man Slave and two Yauls of private property together with the following Arms Provision &c.a Report of Arms Provision &c.a taken out of the Artillery Barracks July the 27th 1770 7 Musquets 4 Bayonets 2 Cartouch Boxes 4 Belts 1 Frying Pan 2 Hatchets 1 Watchcoat 1 Matrosses Coat 1 Worsted Laced Hat 1 Blanket 1 Steel Mounted Sword 1 Silver Watch & the Sum of twenty Shillings 3 Pair of Shoes and one Shirt 55 Ps. Salt Meat The Chest of Corporal Wetheral broke open, and his Clothing taken away Upon a further enquiry we are informed that one of the Men had a Pocket Compass and a Quadrant that they were also provided with Water and from the preparation they made we suppose they mean to make the Coast of Brazil, they were seen that Morning about three Leagues off the Island but during the night had cut the Rigging of the other Long Boat which would have prevented their being followed, even had they not been at so great a distance. We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors vizt. One Set to Daniel Corneille Esqr. for £ 36 5 payable to Mrs. Barbara Duncan (or Order) | The deserters had also taken a male slave, two [...] belonging to private owners, and the arms and provisions listed below. The list was drawn up as a report of what had been taken from the artillery barracks on 27 July 1770. Muskets, 7 Bayonets, 4 Cartridge boxes, 2 Belts, 4 Frying pan, 1 Hatchets, 2 Watch coat, 1 Matross's coat, 1 Hat laced with worsted, 1 Blanket, 1 Steel-mounted sword, 1 Silver watch, 1, with 20s 0d in money Shoes, 3 pairs, and a shirt, 1 Salt meat, 55 pieces The deserters had also broken open Corporal Witherall's chest and taken his clothes. Further enquiry showed that one of the men had a pocket compass and a quadrant, and that they had taken water with them. From these preparations the Council supposed they meant to make for the coast of Brazil. The boat was seen about three leagues off the island that morning. During the night the deserters had also cut the rigging of the other longboat. That would have stopped anyone following them, even if they had not already been so far away. The Council granted the following sets of bills of exchange on the Court of Directors that day. Daniel Corneille, 1 set payable to Mrs Barbara Burrow or her order, £36 5s 0d Interpretations This escape was planned, unlike the one in April. Jeremiah Whorrill and Robert Frankish had gone in an open boat with nothing, and the Council wrote them off as drowned. These seven men took a compass, a quadrant, water, 55 pieces of salt meat, muskets and the island's most experienced coxswain. They also cut the rigging of the only other longboat so no one could follow. The quadrant let them fix their latitude by the sun. With it they could run west on the south-east trade wind and strike the Brazilian coast about 2,000 miles away. The wind blows steadily that way from St Helena, which made the attempt possible, if desperate. Brazil was Portuguese territory. Deserters who reached it would be out of the Company's reach and could find work or passage in a foreign port. The male slave taken with them was probably not a willing companion. He was private property, and his owner lost a worker as surely as the Company lost seven men and a boat. If he went willingly, he was escaping slavery as the soldiers were escaping service. The record does not say which. The Company now had no working longboat. One had been lost in April, one in the gale of 4 May, and one taken that night, and the last had its rigging cut. The yawls bought from Captain Stewart and Captain Gore were all the landing had left for loading the next ships. | |
368 | 30th July One Set to Mr. Matthew Burling for £ 400 payable to John Burling Esqr. (or Order) Two Sets to Mr. William Wrangham one for £ 272 10 payable to Mr. John Morgan (or Order) and one for £ 42 2 payable to Captn. Gabriel Stewart (or Order) And one Set to Mr. John Pritchard for £ 228 payable to Captn. George Thomson (or Order) all drawn at ninety Days sight John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling At a Consultation held on Saturday the 4th day of August 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 30th July 1770 Monday the 30th July Arrived the Foxes Boat at Banks's at half an hour past eleven OClock at Night Tuesday the 31st do. Died Jane the Wife of the Revd. Mr. Bearcroft Wednesday the 1st August do. Robt. Bond Private Thursday the 2 do. Arrived the Honble. Company's Ship Fox from Bombay and brought us the following Supplies vizt. | The remaining bills of exchange on the Court granted that day were as follows. Matthew Purling, 1 set payable to John Purling or his order, £400 0s 0d William Wrangham, 1 set payable to John Morgan or his order, £272 10s 0d William Wrangham, 1 set payable to Captain Gabriel Stewart or his order, £42 2s 0d John Pritchard, 1 set payable to Captain George Thomson or his order, £228 0s 0d All the bills were payable ninety days after they were presented. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 4 August 1770. The Governor attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 30 July 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Fox's boat landed at Banks's at half past eleven on the night of Monday 30 July. Jane, wife of the Reverend William Bearcroft, died on Tuesday 31 July. Robert Bond, a private, died on Wednesday 1 August. On Thursday 2 August the Company's ship Fox came in from Bombay, bringing the following supplies. Interpretations Matthew Purling sent another £400 home to John Purling, his fourth remittance in under four months. He had remitted £1,000 and £226 5s 0d on 2 April, £307 17s 4d on 28 May and now £400. The total of nearly £1,950 was about ten times his yearly salary as councillor and accountant. Two weeks earlier the Council had approved his sale of 20 pieces of cloth to the Company for £30. His arrack share, his slave hire and his trading made him by far the richest remitter among the island's officials. Each remittance put coin into the treasury. Each was also approved at a table where Purling himself sat. John Pritchard, the surgeon's mate, remitted £228. That was more than four years of his old salary, and was perhaps money from private practice among the ships' crews and passengers. The back pay of £27 2s 6d he had just received by the Court's order did not account for it. | |
369 | 1770 Invoice of Ship Fox Rice Batan 45 Bags contain Mds. 300 S. Maunds @ Rs. 23 pr. 18 S. Maunds 383 1 30 Batty 26 Bags 3 Parachs. Mds. 3 3 @ Rs. 20 pr. Murah 62 1 60 Chelloes vizt. No. B. 1 10 B. P. 4 @ 75 Rs. pr. Corge is 750 Surat Charges vizt. Surat Customs 2 pr. Ct. 15 Packing Charges @ 7½ pr. Bale 15 Cooley Hire Marking @ 1 2 75 Boathire 6 36 2 75 786 2 75 Charges on Merchandize vizt. Gunny Bags @ 6 54 1 Lascarage 3 2 40 Hammalage 2 2 10 Boathire 2 2 62 3 50 Rs. 1295 1 15 Errors Excepted (signed) pr. Wm. Hornby Acct. Mr. Matthew Burling Reports that he has been on board the Ship Anson to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Anson John Lennox Commander Phil. Burslem Chief Mate Dougl. McMurdo 2 Mate Wm. Duke Gammidge 3 do. George Mills fourth Mate James Barnet fifth do. | The Fox's invoice, valued in Bombay rupees, quarters and reas, was entered as follows. Beaten rice, 45 bags containing 300 Surat maunds, at [...] for 10 Surat maunds, 383 rupees 1 quarter 30 reas Batty, 16 bags containing 3 morahs [...], at [...] a morah, 62 rupees 1 quarter 60 reas Chelloes, bales nos. 3 to 10, [...] pieces at 75 rupees a corge, 750 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Surat customs at 2%, 15 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Packing charges at 1½ rupees a bale, 15 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Coolie hire and marking, 0 rupees 2 quarters 75 reas Boat hire, 6 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Total for Surat charges, 36 rupees 2 quarters 75 reas Total for chelloes, 786 rupees 2 quarters 75 reas Gunny bags, 54 rupees 1 quarter 0 reas Lascarage, 3 rupees 2 quarters 40 reas Hamalage, 2 rupees 2 quarters 10 reas Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Total for charges on the goods, 62 rupees 3 quarters 50 reas Total, 1,295 rupees 1 quarter 15 reas William Hornby signed the invoice as accountant, with errors excepted. Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Anson to muster her crew and look for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll began as follows. John Lennox, commander Philip Burston, chief mate Douglas McMurdo, second mate William Duke Gammage, third mate George Mills, fourth mate James Bennet, fifth mate Interpretations The Fox brought the Surat chelloes the Council had ordered from Bombay on 22 May 1770, eight bales at 75 rupees a corge. This was the coarse checked cotton used to clothe slaves and servants. It would have spared the Council its £30 purchase of Anjengo cloth from Matthew Purling, had it arrived seven weeks earlier. The Company's supply from India came on the shipping schedule, not on the island's need. Gaps such as the one in June had to be filled locally, at higher prices, from whoever had cloth to sell. The Bombay invoice used the terms of the west coast of India. Batty was the Malabar word for rice still in the husk, the same as paddy. The morah was a large straw-bound bale used to measure grain there. Beaten rice was rice whose husk had been pounded off. Lascarage was the fee paid to lascars, the Indian seamen and dock hands who manned the lighters. Hamalage was the charge for hamals, the porters who carried bales on their backs between warehouse and boat. The Surat customs of 2% shows that the chelloes were bought at Surat, the old Mughal port north of Bombay, which had long been the centre of the western Indian cotton trade. | |
370 | 4th August Henry Sevenly 6th Mate James Loftis Surgeon James Dolman Purser Willm. Gibbins Boatswain Friend Stretton Gunner Willm. Townsend Carpentr. Philip Neal Mids. Coxn. Henry Travis Midship. Jno. Smith Capt. Steward Jonas Emmet 2d. Master John Rait do. Wm. Davidson do. Wm. Jameson do. Jno. Gray do. Alex. Jenkins do. Robt. Scott Carp. 1 Mate Geo. Gaynor do. 2 do. Richd. Knight Caulk. Mate James Perry Capt. Cook John Canford Ships do. Wm. Watson Cooper John Wright do. Mate James Brew Baker John Pringle Seaman Thos. Thompson Jno. Appleby Willm. Clark Robt. Taylor James Gowen Thos. Dykes Patrick Henry John Matthews Seaman Richd. Knight Thos. Crystal Andrew Kelly Fra. Bannerly John Buchannan Willm. Willson Timothy Dunnivan James Spence James Blair Thomas Hardy Thos. Clark Joseph Grange Willm. Russell John Pickers John Arthur James Dorop Willm. West Robt. Higgins John Leach Willm. Ryton Willm. Charters John Lawrence Rowland Archer Peter Norman James Butcher Thos. Rhoads Willm. Flounders Robt. Barr Jonath. Whittaker Collen Macilreath Seamn. Thos. White John Bird John Hardly Josiah Francis Thos. Lewes Patrick Daily Richd. Bell Richd. Burgess Richd. Flemming John Coy Thos. Hutchinson Fra. Ratcliff Wm. Herbert Thos. Palmer Stephen Leminger Loyd Jones Patck. Martin James Good Thos. Barden David Steward Joseph Pott Peter Climent David Frazier Harry Charlton John Jones Thos. Young Benj. Lilly John Wood Francis Mountain Anthony Nova Passengers Mr. Nizenda Captn. Calvert & Mrs. Calvert Capt. David Reed Messrs. Austin, Smith Maynard, Mattocks Mitchell & Fountain 43 Invalids (signed) John Lennox | The Anson's muster roll continued with the following names. Henry Sevenly, sixth mate James Lofty, surgeon James Delman, purser William Gibbons, boatswain Friend Stretton, gunner William Townsend, carpenter Philip Neal, midshipman and coxswain Henry Travis, midshipman John Smith, captain's steward Jonas Comrey, quartermaster John Rait, quartermaster William Davidson, quartermaster William Jameson, quartermaster John Gray, quartermaster Alexander Jenkins, quartermaster Robert Scott, carpenter's first mate George Gregory, carpenter's second mate Richard Knight, [...] mate James Perry, captain's cook John Cansford, ship's cook William Watson, cooper John Wright, cooper's mate James Brew, baker John Pringle, seaman Thomas Thompson, seaman John Appleby, seaman William Clark, seaman Robert Taylor, seaman James Gower, seaman Thomas Dykes, seaman Patrick Henry, seaman John Matthews, seaman Richard Knight, seaman Thomas Crystal, seaman Andrew Kelly, seaman Francis Barnaby, seaman John Buchannan, seaman William Wilson, seaman Timothy Donnivan, seaman James Spence, seaman James Blair, seaman Thomas Moody, seaman Thomas Clark, seaman Joseph Grange, seaman William Russell, seaman John Pickers, seaman John Archer, seaman James Dorep, seaman William West, seaman Robert Higgins, seaman John Leach, seaman William Pyton, seaman William Charters, seaman John Lawrence, seaman Rowland Minten, seaman John Norman, seaman James Butcher, seaman Thomas Rhoads, seaman William Flounders, seaman Robert Barr, seaman Jonathan Whittaker, seaman Colin Macleath, seaman Thomas White, seaman John Beal, seaman John Hardly, seaman Josiah Francis, seaman Thomas Lewis, seaman Patrick Dailey, seaman Richard Bell, seaman Richard Burgess, seaman Richard Hemming, seaman John Cox, seaman Thomas Hutchinson, seaman Francis Ratcliff, seaman William Herbert, seaman Thomas Palmer, seaman Stephen Feninger, seaman Lloyd Jones, seaman Robert Martin, seaman James Good, seaman Thomas Burden, seaman David Steward, seaman Joseph Pitt, seaman Peter Climent, seaman David Frazier, seaman Harry Charlton, seaman John Jones, seaman Thomas Young, seaman Benjamin Lilly, seaman John Wood, seaman Francis Mountain, seaman Anthony Nova, seaman Mr Nazende, passenger Captain Calvert and Mrs Calvert, passengers Captain David Reed, passenger Mr Austin, passenger Mr Smith, passenger Mr Maynard, passenger Mr Mattocks, passenger Mr Mitchell, passenger Mr Fountain, passenger Invalids, 43 John Lennox signed the roll. Interpretations Like the Britannia in May, the Anson was carrying home a large draft of invalid soldiers from Madras, 43 men this time. Two Madras ships in one season brought 76 invalids between them. That was the human cost of the war with Haidar Ali of Mysore, which had ended the year before. These men were worn out by wounds, fever and campaigning, and were no longer fit for service. The Company sent them home rather than keep them on its Indian pay lists. For the Council, each such ship meant searching the hold and checking the roll with particular care. A sick soldier could pass for a sailor, and a fit soldier from the island's garrison could pass himself off as one of the sick. | |
371 | 1770 The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Anson vizt. Account of Stores short recd. from Ship Anson vizt. C. qr. lb. 7 3 22 Rice 2 24 Paddy 3 3 4 Sugar 1 4 Candles Short weight Occasioned by wastage the Bags and Chests being in good order Two Leagers Arrack vizt. No. 1 Gages 148½ wants to fill 11 No. 2 do. 149 do. 6 297½ 17 17 Received 275½ Gallons (signed) Jas. Powell Storekeeper St. Helena 4 August 1770 On the 31st of last Month we enlisted Thos. Hunt to serve the Honble. Company as a Soldier five Years & gave him six pounds Bounty Money to buy him Cloaths &c.a The Reverend Mr. William Bearcroft this day applied to Us to pay £ 80 into the Honble. Company's Cash which Sum we have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable to Mr. Charles Storey Senr. (or Order) drawn at ninety days sight John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The storekeeper delivered an account of the stores from the Anson that had come ashore short. Rice, short weight through wastage, 7 cwt 3 qr 22 lb Paddy, short weight through wastage, 2 cwt 0 qr 24 lb Sugar, short weight through wastage, 3 cwt 3 qr 4 lb Candles, short weight through wastage, 0 cwt 1 qr 4 lb Arrack, leaguer no. 1, gauged at 148½ gallons, wanting 11 gallons to fill Arrack, leaguer no. 2, gauged at 149 gallons, wanting 6 gallons to fill Arrack, total gauged, 297½ gallons Arrack, total wanting, 17 gallons Arrack, received, 275½ gallons James Powell put the shortfall in rice, paddy, sugar and candles down to wastage, since the bags and chests had arrived in good order. He signed the account at St Helena on 4 August 1770. On 31 July the Council enlisted Thomas Hunt to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. It gave him a bounty of £6 0s 0d to buy clothes and other necessaries. The Reverend William Bearcroft asked to pay £300 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him bills of exchange on the Court of Directors for the same amount. The bills were payable to Charles Storey senior, or to whoever he named, ninety days after they were presented. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The chaplain remitted £300 to England in the same week his wife Jane died on 31 July 1770. The sum was nearly two years of his salary and diet money. It probably came from savings and from the fees for baptisms, marriages and burials that a chaplain received on top of his Company pay. Sending it home at once suggests that Bearcroft was settling his affairs and perhaps meant to leave the island. A widowed clergyman with family in England had little to keep him on St Helena. Such a man was more likely to turn his savings into a London bill than to keep them in coin at the Castle. Thomas Hunt was the first recruit after the escape of 28 July 1770. That night cost the garrison seven men, among them a corporal, a gunner and the coxswain of the longboats. The Council could replace them only one at a time, as men from passing ships agreed to stay. With no draft from England due until the next season, every bounty of £6 was spent to fill a gap opened by desertion. | |
372 | 6th August At a Consultation held on Monday the 6th day of August 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 4th Augt. 1770 Yesterday Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Anson for England Mr. Matthew Burling Reports that he has been on board the Ship Fox to Muster her Company and enquire for deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Fox David Mitchell Commandr. Jno. Blackburn Chief Mate George Simson 2 do. James Urmston 3 do. John Hall 4th do. Willm. Ball 5 do. Archd. Gairdner Surgeon Charles Wincot Purser Wm. Blake Surg. Mate Wm. Crafton Gunner Hugh Montgomery Boatsn. Lutch Clayton Carpentr. John Walker Mids. & Coxn. Willm. Foster Midshipman Robt. Turnbull do. Geo. Baker do. Thomas Yates Joseph Salt Jno. Farr Quart. Master John Pope do. Jas. Turvin Henry Vanen Jno. Scott Gunr. Mate Jno. Speedwell Boatsn. do. John Thomson do. Jo. Bunton Carp. 1 Mate Hen. Lovell do. 2 do. James Robinson Ships Stewd. Jno. Gray Captn. do. Geo. Smith do. Cook Jno. Wellington Ships do. Patch. Murdock Caulker Willm. Hill Cooper Alex. Angus do. Mate Benj. Burgam Armr. Geo. Carpenter Sail mak. Willm. Dowdell Butcher Carl. Ash Capt. Servt. Richd. Cambley do. Hugh Smart Seaman George Gilchrist Walter Roch Crawford Hardy Jas. Baker Jno. Ashford Seaman Jno. Ramsey Alex. Taylor Jo. Carty Jo. Moore Jo. Lindsay Robt. Stephenson Jacob Pell Jno. Gosling Jno. Webb Jno. Bidding Wm. Smith John Petrie Jo. Hymers Geo. Goldkin Jno. Truman Jno. Orlander Jo. Williams Robt. Brown Jno. Quail Jno. Gill Wm. Griffiths | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 6 August 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 4 August 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Company's ship Anson had sailed for England on Sunday 5 August. Matthew Purling reported that he had gone aboard the Fox to muster her crew and search for deserters. He found none. Her muster roll was entered as follows. David Mitchell, commander John Blackburn, chief mate George Simson, second mate James Urmston, third mate John Hall, fourth mate William Ball, fifth mate Archibald Gairdner, surgeon Charles Kinnet, purser William Blake, surgeon's mate William Crafton, gunner Hugh Montgomery, boatswain Patrick Clayton, carpenter John Walker, midshipman and coxswain William Foster, midshipman Robert Turnbull, midshipman George Baker, midshipman Thomas Yate Joseph Sall John Farr, quartermaster John Pope, quartermaster James Juven, quartermaster Henry Janen, quartermaster John Scott, gunner's mate John Speedwell, boatswain's mate John Thomson, boatswain's mate John Brunton, carpenter's first mate Henry Lovell, carpenter's second mate James Robinson, ship's steward John Gray, captain's steward George Smith, captain's cook John Wellington, ship's cook Patrick Murdock, caulker William Hill, cooper Alexander Angus, cooper's mate Benjamin Burgam, armourer George Carpenter, sailmaker William Dowdell, butcher Carl Ash, captain's servant Richard Cambly, captain's servant Hugh Smart, seaman George Gilder, seaman Walter Rich, seaman Crawford Hardy, seaman James Baker, seaman John Asford, seaman John Ramsey, seaman Alexander Taylor, seaman John Carty, seaman John Brunett, seaman John Lindsay, seaman Robert Stephenson, seaman Jacob Pell, seaman John Gosling, seaman John Webb, seaman John Redding, seaman William Smith, seaman John Petre, seaman John Hymers, seaman George Gostkin, seaman John Truman, seaman John Orlander, seaman John Williams, seaman Robert Brown, seaman John Quail, seaman John Gill, seaman Simon Griffiths, seaman | |
373 | 1770 Willm. Pritchard Seaman Wm. Jones Jo. Welch Jno. Watson Peter East Edwd. Medley Jno. Edwards Willm. Harr Jo. Hall Nichl. McMahon Wm. Blackston Ship King John Lawn Corn. Danavan Seaman Hugh Ellis Peter Hyland Jno. Eddstick John Mitchell Patrick Danley Wm. Bennyworth Jo. Delby Jno. Burnett Mich. Hanchan Edw. Perry Jo. Lambcroft Russell Oliver Willm. Gardiner John West Seaman Pat. Sullivan Peter Brazer Jno. Dailey Wm. Brown Jo. Gosling Jno. Cummings Alex. Murray Jno. Laungtay Thos. Richard Philip Hopener John Lane Jo. Hunter Passengers Captn. Alexandr. Hamilton Mr. Saml. Hough Mr. Geo. Angus Mr. Hook (signed) D. Mitchell We this Day Inlisted John Lawson to serve the Honble. Company as a Soldier five Years and gave him six pounds Bounty Money to buy him Cloaths &c.a We this Day Ordered the following Advertisement to be published vizt. Island St. Helena 6th August 1770 Whereas it appears from some circumstances that the House of William Jenkins was wickedly and maliciously set on fire on Saturday night last. This is therefore to give Notice to all persons on the said Island | The Fox's muster roll ended with the following names. William Pritchard, seaman William Jones, seaman John Welch, seaman John Batson, seaman Peter East, seaman Edward Medley, seaman John Edwards, seaman William Harr, seaman John Hall, seaman Nicholas McMahon, seaman William Blackston, seaman Joseph King, seaman John Lawn, seaman Cornelius Danavan, seaman Hugh Ellis, seaman Peter Hyland, seaman John Caddick, seaman John Mitchell, seaman Patrick Danley, seaman William Bennyworth, seaman John Delby, seaman John Bennett, seaman Michael Meechan, seaman Edward Perry, seaman Joseph Lambcroft, seaman Russell Oliver, seaman William Gardener, seaman John West, seaman Patrick Sullivan, seaman Peter Royce, seaman John Dailey, seaman William Brown, seaman John Gosling, seaman John Cummings, seaman Alexander Murray, seaman John Laingley, seaman Thomas Richard, seaman Philip Hopener, seaman John Lane, seaman John Hunter, seaman Captain Alexander Hamilton, passenger Mr Samuel Hough, passenger Mr George Angus, passenger Mr Wood, passenger David Mitchell signed the roll. The Council enlisted John Lawson that day to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. It gave him a bounty of £6 0s 0d to buy clothes and other necessaries. The Council also ordered a notice to be published, dated at St Helena on 6 August 1770. It stated that, from certain circumstances, the house of William Jenkins appeared to have been deliberately set on fire on the night of Saturday 4 August. It went on to give notice to everyone on the island... Interpretations The fire at William Jenkins's house was treated as arson from the start. Jenkins was the man who baked the garrison's bread, paid by the batch for 131 batches in the quarter to 30 June 1770, and a creditor on William Holbrook's estate. A fire in a town of timber and thatch threatened every house in the narrow valley, as well as the warehouses and the magazine. A public notice was the Council's usual means of seeking information and offering a reward. Deliberate burning of a dwelling was a capital felony under English law, and the island applied that law. The fire came a week after the escape of 28 July. Discontent and disorder were running high in the garrison that winter. | |
374 | 6th August Island that whoever will discover the Person or Persons that set the said House on fire shall receive a Reward of twenty pounds and if any one concerned in the said Fact will discover his or their Accomplice or Accomplices (except the Person who did the act) shall receive the aforesaid Reward and be Pardoned. Per Order of Council (signed) Mattw. Bazett Secy. Being in great want of a Long Boat we have purchased one of Captn. Mitchell with a Mast, Sails, Oars &c.a for which we have paid him Thirty Pounds. Bought on Account of the Honorable Company of Captain Mitchell twelve hundred and fifteen Pieces of Salt Meat at two Shillings pr. Piece, amounting to £ 121 10. We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors vizt. One Set to Mr. James Powell for £ 130 payable to Captn. John Lennox (or Order) One Set to John Whitchurch, Attorney to the Orphans of John Bland for £ 313 6 4 payable to Mr. Roger Green (or Order) And one Set to Mr. Jonathan Doveton for £ 407 payable to Captn. Richd. Doveton (or Order) all drawn at ninety days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The notice went on to promise a reward of £20 0s 0d to anyone who found the person or persons who had set the house on fire. If anyone involved in the crime named his accomplice or accomplices, he would receive the same reward and be pardoned, unless he was the one who had actually set the fire. Matthew Bazett, the secretary, signed the notice by order of the Council. The Company badly needed a longboat. The Council bought one from Captain Mitchell, with a mast, sails, oars and fittings, and paid him £30 0s 0d. On the Company's account it also bought 1,215 pieces of salt meat from him at 2s 0d a piece, costing £121 10s 0d. The Council granted the following sets of bills of exchange on the Court of Directors that day. James Powell, 1 set payable to Captain John Lennox or his order, £130 0s 0d John Whitchurch, attorney for the orphans of John Bland, 1 set payable to Mr Roger Green or his order, £313 6s 6d Jonathan Doveton, 1 set payable to Captain Richard Doveton or his order, £467 0s 0d All the bills were payable ninety days after they were presented. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The reward was designed to break up any group of arsonists from within. A reward of £20 was more than five years of a private's pay, enough to tempt any informer. The promise of a pardon to an accomplice who gave evidence, with only the man who actually lit the fire excluded, aimed to set conspirators against each other. Each would know that the first to inform would walk free and take the money, while the rest might hang. The Council used the same method as English authorities facing gangs. It assumed that the fire was the work of more than one person, perhaps soldiers with a grudge against Jenkins, who baked their bread and sold it back to them out of their pay. The new longboat replaced the one taken by the seven deserters on 28 July 1770, eight days earlier. The Council paid Captain Mitchell £30, the price of a complete boat ready for the landing. In the same deal it took 1,215 pieces of his salt meat at the standard 2s, stocking the warehouse for the winter. After so many losses that season, the Company bought boats from whichever commander had one to sell. John Whitchurch held the money of John Bland's orphans as their attorney and sent £313 6s 6d of it to England. Their inheritance went home by the same bills that carried officials' savings. That suggests the children, or their guardians, were in England. The island's estates passed through the Council's register and the Company's treasury on their way to heirs who might never see St Helena. | |
375 | 13th August At a Consultation held on Monday the 13th day of August 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 6th August 1770 Friday the 10th Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Fox for England Samuel Knipe Executor to the Orphans of Samuel Knipe Deceased this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Samuel Knipe Executor to the Orphans of Samuel Knipe deceased Sheweth That your Petitioner is desirous of hiring a Piece of the Honble. Company's Waste Land adjoining your Petitioners, lying in the East Division of this Island humbly requests your Worship and Council will be pleased to Grant him a Lease for the same and as the said Land is very barren and great part of it Rocky hopes your Worship & Council will please to take it into consideration and let him have it at a rate adequate to the goodness. And your Petitioner will ever pray &c.a (signed) 13th August 1770 Samuel Knipe Ordered the said Land to be Viewed. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 13 August 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 6 August 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Company's ship Fox had sailed for England on Friday 10 August. Samuel Knipe, executor for the orphans of Isaac Knipe, presented a petition to the Governor and Council, dated 13 August 1770. He wished to rent a piece of the Company's waste land in the East Division of the island, next to his own land, and asked for a lease of it. The land was very barren and much of it was rock. He therefore hoped the Council would take this into account and let it to him at a rent matching its quality. The Council ordered the land to be inspected. Interpretations The Council did not grant the lease on the petitioner's word. It sent men to view the ground first. A tenant who called his land barren and rocky had every reason to understate its value and win a lower rent. Inspection let the Council set the rent on what the ground was actually worth, not on Knipe's account of it. It also checked that the waste land was not needed for the Company's own grazing, which was under strain from the losses in the herd that year. Samuel Knipe had been named by his father's will, proved on 25 June 1770, as one of the sons with first refusal of the family land. Adding the neighbouring waste would enlarge the holding he and his brother Richard were to divide. | |
376 | 13th August The Expence of Artillery Stores, and Stewards Accounts for the Month of July last were this Day laid before Us which have been examined, approved of and are as follow vizt. Artillery Stores expended in the Month of July 1770 Guns fired, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lb., Powder Expended oz 2d. Powder for the Funeral of Sergeant Watson: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 2, Powder Expended oz 4 20 An Alarm for a Ship that passed by: Guns fired 6, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 29 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Ship Anson: Guns fired 9, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Powder for Priming: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 2, Powder Expended oz 0 30 do. for the Funeral of Henry Pinchen Soldier: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 2, Powder Expended oz 4 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Powder to Shoot Goats at different times: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 2, Powder Expended oz 9 do. to Repair the Cartridges at the Mn. Guard at do.: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 3, Powder Expended oz 12 do. to Blow Stones for building a School at do.: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 8, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for the Slaughter House & Barracks do.: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 82, Powder Expended oz 0 do. at the Quarry do.: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 6, Powder Expended oz 0 do. at Mundens Point do.: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 16, Powder Expended oz 0 Total: Guns fired 27, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 12, 1 lbs 6, Powder Expended lb. 177, Powder Expended oz 5 Junk to make Wads at different times C. qr. lb. 11 2 24 Tallow for different Uses do. do. 20 Lead Ball to Shoot Goats do. do. lb. oz 2 9 Match Expended do. do. 6 Shot broke at Mundens Point 24 Pounds Bar 1 Paper for different Uses Quire 2½ Handspikes for do. 3 Powder Horns for do. 6 (signed) James Tippet Captn. of Artillery | The accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for July were laid before the Council. The Council examined and approved them, and they were entered as follows. 2 July, powder for the funeral of Sergeant Watson: powder 2 lb 4 oz 20 July, an alarm for a ship that passed by: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 29 July, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 29 July, the Anson arrived: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 29 July, powder for priming: powder 2 lb 0 oz 30 July, powder for the funeral of Henry Pinchen, soldier: powder 2 lb 4 oz 30 July, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz Powder for shooting goats at different times: powder 2 lb 9 oz Powder for repairing the cartridges at the main guard: powder 3 lb 12 oz Powder for blasting stone to build a school: powder 8 lb 0 oz Powder for the slaughterhouse and the barracks: powder 82 lb 0 oz Powder for the quarry: powder 6 lb 0 oz Powder for Munden's Point: powder 16 lb 0 oz Total: 27 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, 12 four-pounders, 6 one-pounders, powder 177 lb 5 oz Junk for making wads at different times, 11 cwt 2 qr 24 lb Tallow for different uses, 20 lb Lead ball for shooting goats at different times, 2 lb 9 oz Match used at different times, 6 lb Bar shot broken at Munden's Point for 24-pounders, 1 Paper for different uses, 2½ quires Handspikes for the same, 3 Powder horns for the same, 6 James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Interpretations Almost half the powder used in July went into the ground, not the guns. The slaughterhouse and the barracks took 82 lb. The Council had ordered the slaughterhouse moved on 18 June 1770 to clear the school site, and the barracks foundations were being dug on the line settled on 23 July. Both meant blasting the island's basalt. A further 8 lb blasted stone for the school itself. The school was the parish's project, but the Company supplied the powder at its own cost, as the Council had promised to help with materials. Salutes, by contrast, used only 13 lb 8 oz, for the Anson. The road was nearly empty in the island's winter, and the garrison's powder had turned from ceremony to construction. Junk was old, worn-out rope cut up and picked apart. Over half a ton of it was used to make wads, the plugs rammed down on top of the powder and shot to keep the charge tight in the barrel. Using the rope the boats and Munden's Point had worn out cost the Company nothing. Bar shot was two half-balls joined by an iron bar. It spun in flight and was used to cut a ship's rigging. One had broken at Munden's Point, a sign that Tippet was testing or exercising the new battery's heavy guns. | |
377 | 1770 Sundrys Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in the Month of July 1770 vizt. 20 Bottles Madeira £ 2 10 Port 15 27 Lisbon 2 6 9 Mountain 13 6 29 Beer 5 5¼ 32 G. Arrack 4 16 157¼ Beef 3 5 6¼ 144 Mutton 5 1 3 4 Fowls 6 1 Goose 5 6¾ Butter 6 9 176 Candy 4 8 514 Flour 4 16 4½ 5 Lambs 2 10 4 Kids 1 4 Pigs 1 £ 33 9 9 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The account of food and drink used at the Company's table in July 1770 was entered as follows. Madeira wine, 20 bottles, £2 0s 0d Port wine, 10 bottles, £0 15s 0d Lisbon wine, 27 bottles, £2 0s 6d Mountain wine, 9 bottles, £0 13s 6d Beer, 29 bottles, £0 5s 5¼d Arrack, 32 gallons, £4 16s 0d Beef, 157¼ lb, £3 5s 6½d Mutton, 244 lb, £5 1s 8d Fowls, 4, £0 6s 0d Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d Butter, 6¾ lb, £0 6s 9d Sugar candy, 176 lb, £4 8s 0d Flour, 514 lb, £4 16s 4½d Lambs, 5, £2 10s 0d Kids, 4, £1 0s 0d Pigs, 4, £1 0s 0d Total, £33 9s 9d Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The table cost £33 9s 9d in July, against £44 8s 4½d in May and £40 11s 11¼d in June. Only the Anson called that month, so there were few commanders and passengers to entertain. Wine fell from 99 bottles in June to 66. Poultry nearly vanished, with four fowls and a goose against 23 fowls and four turkeys the month before. The butter bought in bulk from the homeward ships at the end of May was now in use. Mutton rose to 244 lb, the largest amount of any month that year. The herd account to 30 June had shown wethers falling from 194 to 97, and the Castle kept drawing on the flock. That kept the cost of the table off the cattle, but it left the island fewer sheep for the year to come. | |
378 | 20th August At a Consultation held on Monday the 20th day of August 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matt. Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 13 August 1770 Tuesday the 14th Died William Son of Thos. Harper Inhabitant Messrs. Benjamin Mason and Thomas Burnham this day presented the following Petitions vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Benjamin Mason Sheweth That your Petitioner hath a Lease for eight Acres of Land lying in the West Division of this Island expired, Requests your Worship and Council will be pleased to Grant him a renewal of the same. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) 20th August 1770 Benjn. Mason Granted To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Thos. Burnham Executor to William Burnham Deceased Sheweth That a Lease for two parcels of Land lying in the East | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 20 August 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 13 August 1770 were read, approved and signed. William, son of Thomas Harper, an inhabitant, died on Tuesday 14 August. Benjamin Mason and Thomas Burnham each presented a petition to the Governor and Council. Mason's petition, dated 20 August 1770, stated that his lease of eight acres in the West Division of the island had run out. He asked for it to be renewed, and the Council granted the request. Thomas Burnham's petition came from him as executor of William Burnham, deceased. It concerned a lease of two parcels of land in the East... | |
379 | 1770 East Division of this Island one for eleven & a half Acres the other for one & a half, is expired your Petitioner therefore requests your Worship and Council will be pleased to Grant him a renewal of the same. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) 20th August 1770 Thomas Burnham Granted We appointed James Miller to be Patroon of the Long Boats in the room of John Criswell Deserted at the Usual Salary of £ 30 pr. Year. Counted and examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of July last which is as follows vizt. | Thomas Burnham's petition, dated 20 August 1770, concerned two parcels of land in the East Division of the island, one of 11½ acres and the other of 1½ acres. The lease on both had run out, and he asked for it to be renewed. The Council granted the request. The Council appointed James Miller as coxswain of the longboats in place of John Criswell, who had deserted, at the usual salary of £30 0s 0d a year. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for July. Interpretations The Council filled the coxswain's post three weeks after Criswell led the escape of 28 July 1770. It kept the salary at the usual £30 a year rather than cutting it as a lesson to the next man. The obvious response to a coxswain who had stolen a boat was to lower the post's standing or divide the duty. The Council did neither. The landing could not work without a skilled man in charge of the boats, and the Company had just bought a new longboat from Captain Mitchell on 6 August. A coxswain on full pay with a stake in his post was less likely to follow Criswell than a man held on reduced pay. | |
380 | Cash Dr. 1770 July 1st To Balance remaining £ 9991 2 8 30th To Exchange for 5 Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable as follow vizt. One Set to Mrs. Barbara Barrow £ 36 5 One do. to John Burling Esqr. 400 One do. to Mr. John Morgan 222 10 One do. to Captn. Gab. Stewart 42 2 One do. to Captn. George Thomson 228 928 17 £ 10919 19 8 Per Contra Cr. 1770 July 31st By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 10380 4 8 In Cash Notes 539 15 10919 19 8 £ 10919 19 8 Margin Notes: 20th August | The Council's count of the Company's cash for July 1770 produced the following account. Debit 1 July 1770, balance remaining, £9,991 2s 8d 30 July 1770, bill of exchange on the Court of Directors payable to Mrs Barbara Barrow, £36 5s 0d 30 July 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to John Purling, £400 0s 0d 30 July 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to John Morgan, £222 10s 0d 30 July 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Captain Gabriel Stewart, £42 2s 0d 30 July 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Captain George Thomson, £228 0s 0d Total for the 5 sets of bills, £928 17s 0d Total, £10,919 19s 8d Credit 31 July 1770, balance remaining in coin, £10,380 4s 8d 31 July 1770, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,919 19s 8d Total, £10,919 19s 8d Interpretations The only coin to enter the treasury in July came from five bills on London, nearly half of it Matthew Purling's £400 to John Purling. No ships paid in, and no warehouse sales were credited until the quarter closed. The balance rose from £9,991 2s 8d to £10,919 19s 8d purely through private remittances. In the quiet months of winter, the island's officials sending their savings home were all that kept coin flowing into the chest. Without them it would have held only what was left from the June count until the next fleet arrived. | |
381 | 1770 Messrs. William Wrangham and Henry Bazett this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of William Wrangham and Henry Bazett Guardians to the Children of John Jubils Deceased Sheweth That your Petitioners are desirous of disposing of seventeen Acres & an half of Land lying in the South Division of this Island belonging to the said Children requests your Worship & Council will be pleased to give them leave so to do. And your Petitioners will ever pray (signed) 20th August 1770 Willm. Wrangham Henry Bazett Granted John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | William Wrangham and Henry Bazett, guardians of the children of John Tibbets, deceased, presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council, dated 20 August 1770. They wished to sell 17½ acres of land in the South Division of the island that belonged to the children, and they asked the Council's leave to do so. The Council granted it. Wrangham and Bazett signed the petition, and the Governor, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations Guardians could not sell their wards' land on their own authority. The Company held the freehold of the whole island and had to approve every transfer of a lease. The Council also acted as the court that protected orphans' estates, so the sale needed its leave on both counts. The Council knew the guardians well. William Wrangham was the paymaster and eldest factor, and Henry Bazett the captain of the Second Company. The leave was given without inquiry into the price or the reason, perhaps because the guardians were themselves among the island's leading officials. Turning land into money for children who might be sent to England, or apprenticed, was a common choice. On 6 August 1770 John Bland's orphans had had £313 6s 6d of their inheritance sent home by bill. | |
382 | 27th August At a Consultation held on Monday the 27th day of August 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 20th August 1770 Tuesday the 21 died Margaret Daughter of Captn. Richard Beale We this day executed the renewal of the two following Leases vizt. One to Mr. John Alexander for nine Acres of Land lying in the West Division of this Island @ 5/ pr. Ar. And One to Mr. Benjamin Mason for eight Acres of Land lying in the West Division of this Island @ 5/ pr. Acre Ordered the following Advertisement to be Published vizt. Island St. Helena 27th August 1770 This is to give Notice to all persons upon the said Island that they are hereby required to send into the Secretary's Office on or before the 20 September next ensuing an exact signed Account of their Familys, Lands & Cattle and to attend at the Castle on Monday the 1st of October to pay their Rents and Revenues due to the Honorable Company for the Year past. Whereas a great number of Cattle have lately | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 27 August 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 20 August 1770 were read, approved and signed. Margaret, daughter of Captain Richard Beale, died on Tuesday 21 August. The Council signed the renewal of two leases that day. John Alexander received nine acres in the West Division of the island and Benjamin Mason eight acres in the same division, each at 5s 0d an acre a year. The Council ordered a notice to be published, dated at St Helena on 27 August 1770. Everyone on the island was to send the secretary's office, on or before 20 September, an exact signed account of their families, land and cattle. They were also to attend at the Castle on Monday 1 October to pay the rents and dues owed to the Company for the past year. The notice went on to say that a great number of cattle had lately... Interpretations The annual return of families, land and cattle served as the Company's census of the island. Each household listed its members, which in practice meant its slaves as well as its free people, along with its acreage and its livestock. The Council used the returns to assess the rents and dues owed on 1 October, to keep track of the island's labour force and to see how much stock the settlers held. That last point now mattered more than usual. The Company's own herd had fallen from 466 to 362 head between April and June 1770, and the Council had refused passing ships their full beef allowance. Knowing how many cattle the settlers owned told the Council how much fresh meat the island could supply beyond the Company's own pastures. Requiring the account to be signed made the owner answerable if he understated what he held. The leases to Alexander and Mason were the ones they had petitioned for on 16 July and 20 August 1770. At 5s an acre, the Company drew a modest rent from its lands. The control it gained through the right to renew mattered more than the money. | |
383 | 1770 lately died. The Planters are hereby desired to make a return at the time abovementioned of the Number each of them have lost by deaths accidents &c.a since the 1st January 1770. Notice is hereby further given that the Honble. Company's Stores will be shut from the 1st of September to the 1st of October next. Per Order of Council (signed) Matthew Bazett Secy. Appointed Mr. Matthew Burling to inspect and take the remains of the Honble. Company's Stores for the present Year as Usual. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | Because many cattle had died recently, the notice also asked the planters to report, at the same time, how many each had lost through death, accident or other causes since 1 January 1770. It gave further notice that the Company's stores would be closed from 1 September to 1 October. Matthew Bazett, the secretary, signed the notice by order of the Council. As usual, the Council appointed Matthew Purling to inspect the Company's stores and take stock of what remained for the present year. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The Council asked the planters for their cattle losses because the Company's own herd had suffered so badly. The account to 30 June 1770 recorded 74 of the Company's cattle dead in a single quarter, mostly calves and yearlings. If the settlers' herds were dying at the same rate, the cause was island-wide: the winter, poor pasture or a disease. If not, the trouble lay in how the Company managed its own stock at Longwood and on the plantations. The returns would let the Council tell the two apart and report the island's real stock of cattle to the Court, which had to decide how many more to buy from the Cape. The stores closed for a month so Purling could count them. With nothing going in or out, the stock in hand could be checked against the warehouse books without the totals shifting during the count. Closing them in September, between the departure of the last homeward ships and the next fleet's arrival, cost the island's buyers little. Purling as accountant checked the storekeeper's stock each year, and the count tested James Powell's accounts against what was actually on the shelves. | |
384 | 3d. September At a Consultation held on Monday the 3 day of Septemr. 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Danl. Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matt. Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 27th August 1770 Saturday the 1st Arrived a Dutch Ship from Batavia called the Westfriesland Captn. Mooy burthen about 700 Tons, carrys 28 Guns and 90 Men loaden with Sugar, Coffee & Pepper, bound to Holland. The Church Wardens & Committee appointed to erect a School this day presented the following Letter vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena Worshipful Sir & Sirs In Consequence of the Directions we received from you in June last to lay before you an Estimate of what Timber, Deals &c. we should want out of the Honble. Company's Stores for erecting a School House, we have pursuant thereto made a Calculation and find we shall have occasion for 2 Girders 25½ feet long and 10 Inches by 8 thick, 2 of 18 feet long & 10 Inches by 8 thick, 3 of 7½ feet long, and 9 Inches by 6 thick, 2 of 18 feet long 9 Inches by 6 thick 3 of 8 feet long and 9 Inches by 6 thick, 136 Joist of 9 feet long & 3 by 4 Inches thick and 64 of 6½ feet long, and 3 by 4 Inches thick & 2 Ps. Oak Plank. George Bird who has undertaken to finish the Carpentrs. Work of the said House, informs us it will take about 300 Double Deals to compleat the said Building. We have used our utmost endeavours to purchase Timber for the said House out of the Ships, and have hitherto been able to procure | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 3 September 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 27 August 1770 were read, approved and signed. On Saturday 1 September a Dutch ship, the Westfriesland, came in from Batavia under Captain Mooy. She was of about 700 tons, carried 28 guns and 90 men, and was loaded with sugar, coffee and pepper for Holland. The churchwardens and the committee appointed to build a school presented a letter to the Governor and Council. In June the Council had asked them for an estimate of the timber, deals and other materials they would need from the Company's stores for the schoolhouse. They had worked it out as follows. Girders, 25½ feet long and 10 by 8 inches, 2 Girders, 18 feet long and 10 by 8 inches, 2 Beams, 21½ feet long and 9 by 6 inches, 3 Beams, 18 feet long and 9 by 6 inches, 2 Beams, 8 feet long and 9 by 6 inches, 3 Joists, 9 feet long and 3 by 4 inches, 136 Joists, 6½ feet long and 3 by 4 inches, 64 Oak plank, [...] Double deals, about 300 George Bird, who had agreed to finish the carpentry, told them the building would need about 300 double deals. The committee had done all it could to buy timber for the house from the ships, and had so far managed to obtain... Interpretations The school committee had tried the ships first and turned to the Company only for what it could not buy. That fitted the terms the Council set on 18 June 1770, when it agreed to help with timber only as far as its own civil and military buildings allowed. The timing was poor for the committee. The Council had just ordered the barracks enlarged for 500 men, and the carpenters' gangs and the stores' deals were needed there. Three hundred double deals was more than the stores had issued for all the island's repairs in a quarter. The committee's list, beam by beam with sizes, set out exactly what the parish was asking for, so the Council could weigh each item against the barracks before deciding. | |
385 | [Running head at the top of the page cut off at the edge of the image.] procure only six Pieces of different sorts, five of which the Church Wardens have been under a necessity to make use of for repairs to the Work House which was falling down, so that only a Fish remains to be appropriated to the School; Deals you are sensible Gentlemen are not to be got out of the Ships, but your Worship & Council may be assured we shall take every opportunity of purchasing whatever Timber &c. we can, and flatter ourselves you will be pleased to assist us out of the Stores with what we cannot otherwise procure to compleat the said Building, we are further to request Gentlemen you will permit John Thistlewood and Henry Gray Soldiers who are Carpenters to Work as Bird tells us without their assistance he cannot possibly carry on the Carpenters Work, as no others of that profession are to be got upon the Island. We have the Honor to be with great Respect Worshipful Sir & Sirs Your most humble Servants (signed) St. Helena 3d. Septr. 1770 Sol. St. Maurice M. Bazett Church Wardens Hen. Bazett Richd. Goodwin Willm. Wrangham Richd. Beale We have agreed to supply the Committee for building the School House out of the Honble. Company's Stores (that they may go on for the present) with the following Timber and Deals vizt. 2 Pieces Riga Timber 2 Ps. Oak Plank, 4 Baulks, 100 Double and 100 Single Deals. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The committee had managed to obtain only six pieces of timber of various sorts from the ships. The churchwardens had been forced to use five of them to repair the workhouse, which was falling down, so only one remained for the school. Deals could not be had from the ships at all. The committee promised to take every chance to buy timber and other materials. It hoped the Council would help from the stores with whatever it could not get elsewhere to finish the building. It also asked leave for John Thistlewood and Henry Gray, soldiers who were carpenters, to work alongside George Bird. Without them he could not carry on the carpentry, because there were no other men of that trade on the island. The letter was dated at St Helena on 3 September 1770. Solomon St Maurice and Matthew Bazett signed it as churchwardens, with Henry Bazett, Richard Goodwin, William Wrangham and Richard Beale. The Council agreed to supply the committee from the Company's stores with the following timber and deals for the present. Riga timber, 2 pieces Oak plank, 2 pieces Baulks of timber, 4 Double deals, 100 Single deals, 100 Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The Council gave the school a third of the double deals asked for and only a few of the heavy timbers. It did not answer the request for the two soldier carpenters at all. The barracks for 500 men had first claim on both the stores and the men. With barely any carpenters on the island, two soldiers who could saw and join were worth more to the Company on its own works than on the parish's schoolhouse. Supplying part of the timber "for the present" kept faith with the promise of 18 June 1770 without slowing the barracks. The parish's other buildings were in poor repair as well. The churchwardens had used five of their six pieces of timber to shore up the workhouse, where the island's paupers were housed, before it collapsed. Riga timber was Baltic fir from the forests behind Riga on the eastern Baltic, shipped through London. It was the best straight-grained softwood of the age for beams and masts, and fetched a premium for its strength. The two pieces given to the school were probably meant for its main girders. | |
386 | 10th September At a Consultation held on Monday the 10th day of September 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 3 September 1770 Friday the 7 passed by a Ship at a great distance The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of August last were this day laid before us which have been Examined, approved of and are as follow vizt. Artillery Stores expended in August 1770 Guns fired, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lb., Powder Expended oz 2 Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Fox: Guns fired 9, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 5 Departed the Anson: Guns fired 9, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 11 do. the Fox: Guns fired 9, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Powder for priming for the above Salutes: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 6, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for do. at the Alarm House: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 2, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for the funeral of William Bond Soldier: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 2, Powder Expended oz 4 do. to the Stone Blowers at Mundens Point, Barracks &c.a: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 146, Powder Expended oz 0 do. to repair the Cartridges at the Main Guard: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 3, Powder Expended oz 1 do. to Shoot Goats: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 3, Powder Expended oz 8 do. to Blow Stones for the School: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 12, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for the Governors Use: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 2, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for Signals at Burlings Battery: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 4, Powder Expended oz 0 do. to the Men in the Long Boats: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 2, Powder Expended oz 0 Total: Guns fired 33, 6 lbs 27, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 236, Powder Expended oz 5 Junk to make Wads at different times C. qr. lb. 4 10 Match to the Stone Blowers 3 Tallow for different Uses 6 Lead Shott to Shoot Goats lb. oz 3 8 Sponge Heads Expended for do. 3 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 10 September 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 3 September 1770 were read, approved and signed. A ship passed the island far out to sea on Friday 7 September. The accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for August were laid before the Council. The Council examined and approved them, and they were entered as follows. 2 August, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 2 August, the Fox arrived: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 5 August, the Anson departed: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. 11 August, the Fox departed: 9 guns fired, 9 six-pounders, powder 13 lb 8 oz. Priming for the salutes above: powder 6 lb 0 oz Priming at the Alarm House: powder 2 lb 0 oz Powder for the funeral of Robert Bond, soldier: powder 2 lb 4 oz Powder for the stone blowers at Munden's Point, the barracks and elsewhere: powder 146 lb 0 oz Powder for repairing the cartridges at the main guard: powder 3 lb 1 oz Powder for shooting goats: powder 3 lb 8 oz Powder for blasting stone for the school: powder 12 lb 0 oz Powder for the Governor's use: powder 2 lb 0 oz Powder for signals at Purling's Battery: powder 4 lb 0 oz Powder for the men in the longboat: powder 2 lb 0 oz Total: 33 guns fired, 27 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 236 lb 5 oz Junk for making wads at different times, 4 cwt 0 qr 10 lb Match for the stone blowers, 3 lb Tallow for different uses, 6 lb Lead shot for shooting goats, 3 lb 8 oz Sponge heads used, 3 Interpretations Blasting now took most of the garrison's powder. In August 146 lb went to the stone blowers at Munden's Point and the barracks, and another 12 lb to quarrying stone for the school. Together that was two-thirds of the month's total, against about 40 lb for salutes. Powder sent from England for the defence of the island was being used to cut foundations in the rock of James's Valley. The Company met the cost of the parish's school stone as well. The Council had chosen to give the school materials on 3 September rather than the soldier carpenters the committee wanted. Blasting powder could be spared when men could not. | |
387 | 1770 Sponge Heads Expended for 9 lbs. 5 do. do. do. for 4 do. 1 do. Staves do. for the Works 2 Sheep Skins Tanned do. for do. 7 do. do. for Sponges 5 Cartridge Paper for different Uses Quire 3 Copper Rivets for Powder Barrels 60 Spunding Trumpets Expended 1 Hand Spikes do. 2 (signed) James Tippet Captn. of Artillery Sundrys Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in August 1770 25 Bottles Madeira Wine £ 2 10 16 do. Port 1 4 38 do. Lisbon 2 17 13 do. Mountain 19 6 19 do. Beer 3 11½ 31½ Galls. Arrack 4 15 3 183¼ Beef 3 18 5½ 265 Mutton 5 2 1 2 Turkeys 10 6 Fowls 9 2 Ducks 3 4 Butter 4 163 Candy 4 1 6 439 Flour 4 2 3¾ 5 Lambs 2 10 5 Kids 1 5 7 Pigs 1 15 £ 36 10 ½ | The August artillery account closed with the following stores. Sponge heads used for 9-pounders, 5 Sponge heads used for 4-pounders, 1 Sponge staves used for the works, 2 Tanned sheepskins used for the same, 7 Sheepskins used for sponges, 5 Cartridge paper for different uses, 3 quires Copper rivets for powder barrels, 60 Speaking trumpet used, 1 Handspikes used, 2 James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. The account of food and drink used at the Company's table in August 1770 was entered as follows. Madeira wine, 25 bottles, £2 10s 0d Port wine, 16 bottles, £1 4s 0d Lisbon wine, 38 bottles, £2 17s 0d Mountain wine, 13 bottles, £0 19s 6d Beer, 19 bottles, £0 3s 11½d Arrack, 31⅝ gallons, £4 15s 3d Beef, 183¼ lb, £3 18s 5¾d Mutton, 265 lb, £5 2s 1d Turkeys, 2, £0 10s 0d Fowls, 6, £0 9s 0d Ducks, 2, £0 3s 0d Butter, 4 lb, £0 4s 0d Sugar candy, 163 lb, £4 1s 6d Flour, 439 lb, £4 2s 3¼d Lambs, 5, £2 10s 0d Kids, 5, £1 5s 0d Pigs, 7, £1 15s 0d Total, £36 10s 0½d Interpretations Sponges for cleaning guns were made from sheepskin with the wool left on, nailed to a wooden head on a long stave. After each shot the sponge was dipped in water and pushed down the barrel to put out any smouldering scraps of cartridge before the next charge went in. Skipping that step could set off the new charge in the loader's face. Twelve sheepskins went to sponges in a single month. That was a small cost to the Company's flocks, and it shows the steady exercise at the guns under Captain Tippet. The copper rivets for powder barrels served the same safety purpose. Iron fittings on a powder cask could strike a spark, so copper, which could not, was used instead. The table cost a little more than in July, £36 10s 0½d against £33 9s 9d. The Fox and the Anson were both in the road in early August, and their commanders and passengers were received at the Castle. Mutton stayed high at 265 lb, still drawing on the Company's dwindling flock of wethers. | |
388 | 10th September Messrs. Matthew Bazett and John Shirley this day presented the following Petitions vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Matthew Bazett Sheweth That your Petitioner hath a Lease for 1½ Acres of Land lying in Pine Top Valley expired, requests your Worship & Council will be pleased to Grant him a renewal of the said Lease. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) St. Helena 10th Sept. 1770 Matthew Bazett Granted To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of John Shirley Sheweth That your Petitioner is desirous of having a piece of the Honble. Company's Waste Ground lying in this Valley to erect a House upon situate between the new Burial Ground and Hospital hopes your Worship and Council will be pleased to Grant him a Lease for the same. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) St. Helena 10th Sept. 1770 John Shirley | Matthew Bazett and John Shelley each presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council that day. Bazett's petition, dated at St Helena on 10 September 1770, stated that his lease of 17½ acres in Pine Top Valley had run out. He asked for it to be renewed, and the Council granted the request. John Shelley's petition, of the same date, asked to rent a piece of the Company's waste ground in the valley, between the new burial ground and the hospital, so that he could build a house there. He asked the Council for a lease of it. Interpretations Shelley wanted to build on the strip between the new burial ground and the hospital, which were both public uses of ground at the edge of James Town. The town was hemmed in by the steep sides of the valley, and building land was so scarce that even this unattractive plot had a taker. The Council had to weigh his need for a house against keeping room for the hospital, which the growing garrison might soon need to enlarge, and for burials. The new burial ground had perhaps been opened because of the deaths of that year, which had filled the old one. | |
389 | 1770 We are of opinion the Piece of Ground Lieutenant Shirley Petitions for may be of Utility hereafter to the Honble. Company for which reason have not Granted his Petition. On the 7th instant Thomas Pendry an Englishman Swam on Shore from the Dutch Ship, and put himself under our protection we this day Inlisted him to serve the Honble. Company as a Soldier for five Years, and gave him four pounds to buy him Cloaths &c.a Captain Martin Pateltz Mooy of the Dutch Ship Westfriesland applied to us to pay five hundred and ninety five pounds into the Honble. Company's Cash, which Sum we have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable to himself (or Order) drawn at ninety days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling At a Consultation held on Monday the 17th day of Septr. 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 10 Septr. 1770 Thursday the 13th died James Colsher Private do. do. Sailed the Dutch Ship Westfriesland for Holland Counted and examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of August last which is as follows vizt. | The Council judged that the piece of ground Lieutenant Shelley had asked for might be useful to the Company later. For that reason it did not grant his petition. On 7 September Thomas Pendry, an Englishman, swam ashore from the Dutch ship and placed himself under the Council's protection. The Council enlisted him that day to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. It gave him £4 0s 0d to buy clothes and other necessaries. Captain Martin Paletz Mooy of the Dutch ship Westfriesland asked to pay £5[...] into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him bills of exchange on the Court of Directors for the same amount. The bills were payable to himself, or to whoever he named, ninety days after they were presented. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 17 September 1770. The Governor attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 10 September 1770 were read, approved and signed. James Culcher, a private, died on Thursday 13 September, and the Dutch ship Westfriesland sailed for Holland the same day. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for August. Interpretations The Council refused Shelley's petition for the ground between the burial ground and the hospital. It had just committed to building barracks for 500 men, so the hospital would probably need room to grow, and every free plot near the town might be wanted for the Company's own works. Shelley was an officer, yet his rank did not secure the ground. The Council kept it in reserve. Thomas Pendry deserted from a Dutch ship and was taken into the Company's service the same day. He was probably an English seaman pressed or hired at Batavia, where Dutch ships made up their crews with men of every nation. Swimming ashore was the only way off a foreign ship lying in the road. The obvious course would have been to return him to his captain, as courtesy between nations required. The Council chose to give him protection and a bounty of £4. That was smaller than usual, perhaps because he came with nothing but what he wore. The garrison had lost seven men on 28 July and needed every recruit it could get. The Dutch captain's remittance through the Company's treasury in the same week suggests that the matter caused no quarrel. | |
390 | Cash Dr. 1770 Aug. 1 To Balance remaining £ 10919 19 8 4th To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable to Mr. Charles Storey or Order 40 To Ship Anson 19 5 9 6 To Exchange for 3 Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable as follows vizt. One Set to Captn. John Lenox for £ 130 One do. to Captn. Richd. Doveton 407 One do. to Mr. Roger Green 313 6 4 850 6 4 To George Cudge decd. late Caulker of the Ship Duke of Grafton received the amount of his Effects after paying his Debts & Funeral Charges 5 14 11 To Ship Fox 8 2 11 £ 11843 9 7 Per Contra Cr. 1770 Aug. 31 By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 11303 14 7 In Cash Notes 539 15 11843 9 7 £ 11843 9 7 Margin Notes: 17th September [...] | The Council's count of the Company's cash for August 1770 produced the following account. Debit 1 August 1770, balance remaining, £10,919 19s 8d 4 August 1770, bill of exchange on the Court of Directors payable to Charles Storey, £40 0s 0d 4 August 1770, received from the Anson, £19 5s 9d. 6 August 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Captain John Lennox, £130 0s 0d 6 August 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Captain Richard Doveton, £407 0s 0d 6 August 1770, bill of exchange on the Court payable to Mr Roger Green, £313 6s 4d Total for the 3 sets of bills, £850 6s 4d Received from the estate of George Crudge, deceased, late caulker of the Duke of Grafton, the value of his effects after his debts and funeral charges were paid, £5 14s 11d. Received from the Fox, £8 2s 11d. Total, £11,843 9s 7d Credit 31 August 1770, balance remaining in coin, £11,303 14s 7d 31 August 1770, balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £11,843 9s 7d Total, £11,843 9s 7d Interpretations The Company's treasury took in the estate of a seaman who died at the island. George Crudge, caulker of the Duke of Grafton, died while his ship lay in the road and was left behind. His few belongings were sold, his debts and burial paid, and the balance of £5 14s 11d paid into the Company's cash. The Company would account for it to his heirs in England through the Court, as it did for its own servants. Dead sailors' effects were kept in trust in the same way as soldiers' and settlers' estates. The treasury held the money until someone with a right to it came forward in London. Coin in the chest reached £11,303 14s 7d, the highest of the year. No pay had been drawn since June, while bills to London and the few ships' payments kept adding to it. Four months of quiet before the next fleet left the treasury well stocked for the quarter's pay due on 30 September. | |
391 | 1770 Roderick Merchant this day presented the following Petition vizt. Island St. Helena To the Worshipful John Skottowe Governor and Council Esqr. The humble Petition of Roderick Merchant Sheweth That your petitioner being desirous of having by Lease that part or piece of Land situate and lying vacant between the Houses of Mrs. Elizth. Kennedy Widow and Richd. Harper deceased in this Valley and your Petitioner further hoping your Worships condescension. As in duty bound ever shall pray. 17th Septr. 1770 Ordered the said Ground to be Viewed We this day Executed to the managers for erecting a School House a Bill of Sale for a piece of Ground situate in James Valley containing 112 feet in length next the Water Course, 133 feet in length next to Mary Hooks Garden 136 feet in length next the road & 88 feet in length next to George Birds House. Consideration £ 2. We this day Executed a Lease to the Revd. Mr. Wm. Bearcroft for a piece of Land containg. 6½ Acres lying in the West Division of this Island @ 5/ pr. Acre. And Executed the Renewal of the three following Leases vizt. One to Matt. Bazett Secy. for a piece of Land containg. 1½ Acres at 5/ pr. Ar. And two to Thomas Burnham Executor to the Est. of Wm. Burnham Decd. one for 11½ Acres @ 5/ pr. Ar. the other for 2 Acres @ 5/ pr. Acre all lying in the East Division of this Island. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | Roderick Merchant presented a petition to Governor Skottowe and the Council, dated 17 September 1770. He wished to lease the vacant plot in the valley between the houses of Mrs Elizabeth Kennedy, a widow, and Richard Harper, deceased. The Council ordered the ground to be inspected. The Council signed a deed of sale that day to the managers for building the schoolhouse. It conveyed a piece of ground in James's Valley measuring 112 feet along the watercourse, 133 feet along Mary Hooks's garden, 136 feet along the road and 88 feet along George Bird's house. The price was £2 0s 0d. The Council also granted a lease to the Reverend William Bearcroft of a piece of land of 6 acres in the West Division of the island, at [...] an acre. It renewed three further leases. Matthew Bazett received 17½ acres at 5s 0d an acre a year. Thomas Burnham, executor of William Burnham, deceased, received two parcels in the East Division of the island, one of 12 acres and the other of 2 acres, each at 5s 0d an acre a year. The Governor, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The school's deed settled its title in the way the Council had chosen on 18 June 1770. The ground was conveyed outright for a token 40s, not leased. The Council gave the parish a freehold for the school when it would grant settlers only leases on renewable terms. A lasting public building paid for by the inhabitants needed land that no later Governor could take back. The plot's four boundaries, named by their neighbours, fixed its extent against any future dispute. The site lay between the watercourse and the road, on the former slaughterhouse ground, next to the house of George Bird, the carpenter who had agreed to build the school. | |
392 | 24th Septr. At a Consultation held on Monday the 24th day of September 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 17th Sept. 1770 Captain Henry Bazett Treasurer to the Widows Fund this day applied to have a Mortgage Bond Registered on Account of the said Fund. Granted John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling At a Consultation held on Monday the 1st day of October 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matt. Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 24th Sept. 1770 We this day received the following Letter from Captn. Tippet | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 24 September 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 17 September 1770 were read, approved and signed. Captain Henry Bazett, treasurer of the Widows' Fund, asked for a mortgage bond held by the fund to be registered. The Council granted the request. The Governor, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 1 October 1770. The Governor attended with Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 24 September 1770 were read, approved and signed. The Council received the following letter from Captain Tippet. Interpretations The Widows' Fund was a pool of money raised by the island's officers and inhabitants to support the widows of their own number. It did not keep its money idle. It lent at interest to settlers on the security of their land, and a mortgage bond recorded each loan. Registering the bond with the Council made the fund's claim a matter of public record. If the borrower defaulted or died, the fund's claim on his land would rank ahead of later creditors, and no buyer could take the land without knowing of the debt. The fund supplemented the Company's small pension list, on which only Mary Beale and Elizabeth Kennedy appeared among widows. The island's families were providing for their own widows as well as relying on the Company. | |
393 | 7th October To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council of the Island St. Helena Gentlemen I have the Honor to acquaint you that the Workmen was employ'd last Quarter in finishing Lemon Valley, Mundens Point, making a Slaughter House and repairing the Crane and preparing Embrasure Stones at the Quarry, and Intend this Quarter with your Permission to carry on the Barracks with all Expedition. I am Gentlemen Your oblig'd Hble. Servant (signed) Jas. Tippet Engineer 1st October 1770 As Lemon Valley, Mundens Point, and the Slaughter House are compleated, We gave the Engineer Orders to go on with the additional Barracks with all possible expedition. Pursuant to an Order in Consultation of the 27th of last Month, the Planters this day attended to pay their Rents and Revenues due to the Honble. Company for the Year past, which amounts to £ 267 3½ the Rent Roll is as follows vizt. Ground Rent, Fee Land, Lease Land, £, s, d Samuel Alexander: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 34, Lease Land 37½, £ 8, s 1, d 6 Jno. Alexander 13½ Ac. at 5/ pr. Ac. & 40 Ac. at 2/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 71½, Lease Land 113½, £ 23, s 18, d 6 George Alexander: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 28, Lease Land 52, £ 15, s 18, d 0 Mary Alcock 1/3 Ac. @ 3/ pr. Annum: Ground Rent 34/6, Fee Land 20, Lease Land 13½, £ 6, s 14, d 6 Onesiphorus Beale Esqr.: Ground Rent 10/6, Fee Land 10, Lease Land 13½, £ 4, s 8, d 0 Richard Beale: Ground Rent 5/, Fee Land 31, Lease Land 14, £ 5, s 6, d 0 Martha Beale: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 10, Lease Land 10, £ 3, s 0, d 0 William Bearcroft 6½ Ac. @ 5/ pr. Ac. for ½ Month: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 6½, £ 0, s 3, d 9 Carried Over: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 204½, Lease Land 321, £ 70, s 10, d 3 | Captain Tippet's letter to Governor Skottowe and the Council was dated 7 October 1770. In the past quarter the workmen had finished Lemon Valley and Munden's Point, built a slaughterhouse, repaired the Line and prepared embrasure stones at the quarry. With the Council's leave, he intended to press on with the barracks during the coming quarter as fast as possible. He signed as engineer. Since Lemon Valley, Munden's Point and the slaughterhouse were finished, the Council ordered the engineer to go ahead with the additional barracks as quickly as he could. As the Council had ordered on 27 August, the planters attended that day to pay their rents and dues to the Company for the past year. These came to £267 3s [...]. The rent roll was entered as follows. Samuel Alexander, ground rent 0, freehold land 34 acres, leasehold land 37½ acres, £8 1s 6d John Alexander, 15½ acres at 5s 0d and 40 acres at 2s 6d an acre, ground rent 0, freehold land 71½ acres, leasehold land 125¾ acres, £23 18s 6d George Alexander, ground rent 0, freehold land 28 acres, leasehold land 52 acres, £15 18s 0d Mary Alcock, with ½ acre at 2s 0d a year, ground rent 34s 6d, freehold land 20 acres, leasehold land 13½ acres, £6 14s 6d Onesiphorus Beale's estate, ground rent 10s 6d, freehold land 10 acres, leasehold land 13½ acres, £4 8s 0d Richard Beale, ground rent 5s 0d, freehold land 31 acres, leasehold land 14 acres, £5 6s 0d Martha Beale, ground rent 0, freehold land 10 acres, leasehold land 10 acres, £3 0s 0d William Bearcroft, 6 acres for half a month, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 6 acres, £0 3s 9d Carried forward, freehold land 204½ acres, leasehold land 321 acres, £70 10s 3d Interpretations The rent roll shows that the Company charged its settlers on freehold land as well as leasehold. Freehold here meant land granted outright, in early times, to the first planters, but it still owed a fixed quit-rent to the Company as lord of the island. Leasehold land paid a rent per acre set at each renewal, usually 5s. Ground rent was charged separately on town plots in James's Valley. Every acre on the island therefore yielded something to the Company each year, and the planters had to come to the Castle in person on a fixed day to pay. Collecting rent in that way reminded each planter, every year, that he held his land from the Company. The Reverend William Bearcroft was charged for only half a month on the 6 acres the Council had granted him on 17 September 1770. Rent ran from the date of each grant, to the day. The same exact reckoning appeared in the pay list and the stores accounts. Bearcroft took up land a few weeks after his wife died. That suggests he meant to stay on the island and farm, despite the £40 he had sent home in August. | |
394 | 1st October Ground Rent, Fee Land, Lease Land, £, s, d Brought Over: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 204¾, Lease Land 321, £ 70, s 10, d 3 John Bagley Senr.: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 36, £ 9, s 0, d 0 John Bagley Junr. 3½ Ac. @ 4/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 29¾, Lease Land 67, £ 18, s 1, d 6 Richd. Bagley 12 Ac. @ 4/ pr. Ac. 7 Ac. @ 1/6 pr. Acre 4½ @ 2/ pr. Ac. & 12½ Acs. @ 3/ pr. Ac.: Ground Rent 26/3, Fee Land 126½, Lease Land 197½, £ 53, s 4, d 2 Orlando Bagley Esqr. 2½ Ac. @ 2/6 pr. Ac. 8½ Ac. @ 4/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 69½, Lease Land 97¾, £ 24, s 9, d 0 Matthew Bazett 1½ Ac. @ 5/ pr. Ac. 7½ Acs. @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 10/, Fee Land 152, Lease Land 85¼, £ 23, s 7, d 10½ Henry Bazett 3 Ac. @ 4/ pr. Ac. 4½ Acs. @ 2/6 pr. Ac. 5 Ac. @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 44/6, Fee Land 65, Lease Land 46½, £ 16, s 0, d 3 Orlando Bagley Junr. 7 Acs. @ 1/6 pr. Ac. 9¾ Acs. @ 2/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 77¾, £ 13, s 8, d 0 William Burnham Esqr.: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 14½, Lease Land 7½, £ 2, s 12, d 0 Thomas Burnham: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 14½, Lease Land 7½, £ 2, s 12, d 0 William Beale 16½ Ac. @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 38¾, Lease Land 38¾, £ 7, s 9, d 9 Robert Ballard: Ground Rent 13/, Fee Land 15½, Lease Land 0, £ 1, s 8, d 6 George Bird: Ground Rent 15/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 James Colgrave: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 3, Lease Land 57½, £ 14, s 10, d 6 Ruth Colgrave: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 10½, Lease Land 33¾, £ 8, s 19, d 0 Joseph Clanderlam: Ground Rent 15/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 John Doveton Esqr.: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 86½, Lease Land 8, £ 6, s 6, d 6 Jonathan Doveton: Ground Rent 7/6, Fee Land 128¾, Lease Land 4, £ 8, s 6, d 1 Isaac Doveton 5 Ac. @ 4/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 78, Lease Land 25, £ 9, s 18, d 0 John Desfountain Esqr. 3 Ac. @ 4/ pr. Ac. 7½ Ac. @ 2/6 pr. Ac. 13¼ Ac. @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 98½, Lease Land 74½, £ 19, s 10, d 6 John Desfountain: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 10, Lease Land 41¾, £ 10, s 18, d 9 Elizabeth Desfountain: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 10, Lease Land 29½, £ 7, s 16, d 3 Samuel Desfountain: Ground Rent 17/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 17, d 0 Henry Easthope: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 14, Lease Land 28, £ 7, s 14, d 0 James Easthope: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 11, Lease Land 8, £ 2, s 10, d 0 Sarah Fenge 3 Ac. @ 1/ pr. Ar.: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 7, £ 1, s 3, d 0 Michael Frost: Ground Rent 15/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 Julia Fabiano: Ground Rent 5/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 5, d 0 Richard Goodwin: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 49, Lease Land 27, £ 9, s 4, d 0 John Goodwin: Ground Rent 10/6, Fee Land 67½, Lease Land 28, £ 10, s 18, d 0 Carried Over: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 1317¼, Lease Land 1345, £ 363, s 5, d 10½ | The rent roll continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, freehold land 204½ acres, leasehold land 321 acres, £70 10s 3d John Bagley senior, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 36 acres, £9 0s 0d John Bagley junior, with 3½ acres at 4s 0d a year, ground rent 0, freehold land 29½ acres, leasehold land 67 acres, £18 1s 6d Richard Bagley, with 12 acres at 4s 0d, 7½ acres at 1s 6d, 4½ acres at 2s 0d and 12½ acres at [...] a year, ground rent 26s 2d, freehold land 126½ acres, leasehold land 197¼ acres, £53 4s 2d Orlando Bagley's estate, with 24 acres at 2s 6d and 16½ acres at 4s 0d a year, ground rent 0, freehold land 69½ acres, leasehold land 97¾ acres, £24 9s 0d Matthew Bazett, with 12 acres at 4s 0d and 17½ acres at 1s 6d a year, ground rent 10s 0d, freehold land 152 acres, leasehold land 85½ acres, £23 7s 10½d Henry Bazett, with 3 acres at 4s 0d, 4½ acres at 2s 6d and 5 acres at 1s 6d a year, ground rent 44s 6d, freehold land 65 acres, leasehold land 46½ acres, £16 0s 3d Orlando Bagley, with 6 acres at 1s 6d and 7¾ acres at [...] a year, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 77¾ acres, £13 8s 0d William Burnham's estate, ground rent 0, freehold land 14½ acres, leasehold land 7½ acres, £2 12s 0d Thomas Burnham, ground rent 0, freehold land 14½ acres, leasehold land 7½ acres, £2 12s 0d William Beale, with 16½ acres at 1s 6d a year, ground rent 0, freehold land 38½ acres, leasehold land 35¾ acres, £7 9s 9d Robert Ballard, ground rent 13s 0d, freehold land 15½ acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £1 8s 6d George Bird, ground rent 15s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 15s 0d James Colgrave, ground rent 0, freehold land 3 acres, leasehold land 57½ acres, £14 10s 6d Ruth Colgrave, ground rent 0, freehold land 10½ acres, leasehold land 33¾ acres, £8 19s 0d Joseph Chandersham, ground rent 15s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 15s 0d John Doveton's estate, ground rent 0, freehold land 86½ acres, leasehold land 8 acres, £6 6s 6d Jonathan Doveton, ground rent 17s 4d, freehold land 128¾ acres, leasehold land 4 acres, £8 6s 1d Isaac Doveton, with 5 acres at 4s 0d a year, ground rent 0, freehold land 78 acres, leasehold land 25 acres, £9 18s 0d John Desfountain's estate, with 5 acres at 4s 0d, 7½ acres at 2s 6d and 13¼ acres at 1s 6d a year, ground rent 0, freehold land 98½ acres, leasehold land 72½ acres, £19 10s 6d John Desfountain, ground rent 0, freehold land 10 acres, leasehold land 41¾ acres, £10 18s 9d Elizabeth Desfountain, ground rent 0, freehold land 10 acres, leasehold land 29¾ acres, £7 16s 3d Samuel Desfountain, ground rent 17s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 17s 0d Henry Easthope, ground rent 0, freehold land 14 acres, leasehold land 28 acres, £7 4s 0d James Easthope, ground rent 0, freehold land 11 acres, leasehold land 8 acres, £2 0s 0d Sarah Funge, with 3 acres at 1s 6d a year, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 7 acres, £1 3s 0d Michael Frost, ground rent 15s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 15s 0d Julia Fabiano, ground rent 5s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 5s 0d Richard Goodwin, ground rent 0, freehold land 49 acres, leasehold land 27 acres, £9 4s 0d John Goodwin, ground rent 10s 6d, freehold land 67½ acres, leasehold land 28 acres, £10 18s 0d Carried forward, freehold land 1,317¼ acres, leasehold land 1,345 acres, £363 5s 10½d Interpretations The roll shows how land on the island was concentrated in a few families. The Bagleys held over 300 acres of leasehold and nearly 230 of freehold between them. Richard Bagley alone paid £53 4s 2d, about a fifth of everything collected that day. The Bazetts, Dovetons and Desfountains came next. Those were the families who also held the Council's offices, the company commands and the writers' places. Most of the rest were small holders, and town tenants such as George Bird, Michael Frost and Julia Fabiano paid only ground rent on a house plot in the valley. The rates per acre varied widely, from 1s 6d to 5s. They depended on when each lease had been granted and on the quality of the land, as the Council's practice of inspecting ground before leasing it shows. | |
395 | 1770 Ground Rent, Fee Land, Lease Land, £, s, d Brought Over: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 1317¼, Lease Land 1345, £ 363, s 5, d 10½ James Greentree 35½ @ 4/ pr. Ac. 26 Ac. @ 2/6 pr. Ac.: Ground Rent 25/3, Fee Land 106½, Lease Land 137, £ 35, s 18, d 6 Robert Garling 9 Ac. @ 1/6 pr. Ac. 15½ Ac. @ 2/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 23, Lease Land 24½, £ 3, s 7, d 6 George Hayes: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 30, Lease Land 6½, £ 3, s 2, d 6 Margaret Harper: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 10, Lease Land 26, £ 7, s 0, d 0 Thomas Harper: Ground Rent 10/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 10, d 0 William Hayes: Ground Rent 19/, Fee Land 1¼, Lease Land 14½, £ 4, s 3, d 0 Mary Harper: Ground Rent 12/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 12, d 0 Gabl. Harper 6 Ac. @ 1/ pr. Ac. 4½ Acs. @ 3/ pr. Ac. ½ Acre @ 2/ pr. Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 40, Lease Land 11½, £ 3, s 1, d 9 Elisha Jacks: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 23, Lease Land 5, £ 2, s 10, d 0 Martha Jacks: Ground Rent 16/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 16, d 0 Gabriel Jacks: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 8, £ 2, s 0, d 0 Isaac Knipes Orphans: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 30, Lease Land 23½, £ 7, s 7, d 6 Elizabeth Kennedy: Ground Rent 7/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 7, d 0 Thomas Leech: Ground Rent 12/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 12, d 0 Elizabeth Lent: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 10, £ 2, s 10, d 0 Benjamin Mason 8 Ac. @ 1/6 pr. Ac.: Ground Rent 15/3, Fee Land 42, Lease Land 84½, £ 18, s 10, d 3 Roderick Merchant: Ground Rent 2/6, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 2, d 6 Matthew Burling 12½ Ac. @ 5/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 28/2, Fee Land 205, Lease Land 108½, £ 36, s 6, d 8 James Powell: Ground Rent 3/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 3, d 0 John Price: Ground Rent 35/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 1, s 15, d 0 James Pritchard: Ground Rent 7/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 7, d 0 John Pritchard: Ground Rent 10/, Fee Land 1, Lease Land 12, £ 3, s 11, d 0 John Preston: Ground Rent 15/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 John Robinson 45½ Ac. @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 8/, Fee Land 41½, Lease Land 58½, £ 9, s 2, d 10½ John Seale: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 17½, £ 4, s 7, d 6 Solomon St. Maurice: Ground Rent 50/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 2, s 10, d 0 Wm. Seale Junr. 5½ @ 1/6 pr. Ac. 11½ Ac. @ 2/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 15/, Fee Land 7, Lease Land 41½, £ 9, s 10, d 9 Mary Seale: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 William Seale Senr.: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 77½, £ 1, s 17, d 6 Benjamin Seale 10½ Ac. @ 1/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 21, £ 3, s 2, d 0 Martha Scott: Ground Rent 17/6, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 17, d 6 Nathan Sampell: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 25, Lease Land 11, £ 4, s 0, d 0 John Scott 19½ Ac. @ 2/ pr. Acre: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 19½, £ 1, s 19, d 0 Carried Over: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 1903¼, Lease Land 1998¾, £ 537, s 1, d 3 | The rent roll continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, freehold land 1,317¼ acres, leasehold land 1,345 acres, £363 5s 10½d James Grantree, with 33½ acres at 4s 0d and 26 acres at [...] a year, ground rent 25s 3d, freehold land 106½ acres, leasehold land 137 acres, £35 18s 6d Robert Purling, with 9 acres at 1s 6d and 15½ acres at 3s 0d a year, ground rent 0, freehold land 23 acres, leasehold land 24½ acres, £3 7s 6d George Hayes, ground rent 0, freehold land 30 acres, leasehold land 6½ acres, £3 2s 6d Margaret Harper, ground rent 0, freehold land 10 acres, leasehold land 26 acres, £7 0s 0d Thomas Harper, ground rent 10s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 10s 0d William Hayes, ground rent 10s 0d, freehold land 1¾ acres, leasehold land 14½ acres, £4 3s 0d Mary Harper, ground rent 12s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 12s 0d Gabriel Harper, with 6 acres at 1s 6d, 4½ acres at 3s 0d and ½ acre at [...] a year, ground rent 0, freehold land 40 acres, leasehold land 11½ acres, £3 1s 9d Elisha Jacks, ground rent 0, freehold land 23 acres, leasehold land 5 acres, £2 10s 0d Martha Jacks, ground rent 16s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 16s 0d Gabriel Jacks, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 8 acres, £2 0s 0d Isaac Knipe's orphans, ground rent 0, freehold land 30 acres, leasehold land 23½ acres, £7 7s 6d Elizabeth Kennedy, ground rent 7s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 7s 0d Thomas Leech, ground rent 12s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 12s 0d Elizabeth Lunt, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 10 acres, £2 10s 0d Benjamin Mason, with 8 acres at 1s 6d a year, ground rent 15s 8d, freehold land 42 acres, leasehold land 84½ acres, £18 10s 5d Roderick Merchant, ground rent 2s 6d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 2s 6d Matthew Purling, with 12½ acres at [...] a year, ground rent 28s 2d, freehold land 205 acres, leasehold land 108½ acres, £36 6s 8d James Powell, ground rent 3s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 3s 0d John Price, ground rent 35s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £1 15s 0d James Pritchard, ground rent 7s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 7s 0d John Pritchard, ground rent 10s 0d, freehold land 1 acre, leasehold land 12 acres, £3 11s 0d John Preston, ground rent 15s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 15s 0d John Robinson, with 45½ acres at 1s 6d a year, ground rent 8s 0d, freehold land 41½ acres, leasehold land 58½ acres, £9 2s 10½d John Seale, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 17½ acres, £4 7s 6d Solomon St Maurice, ground rent 50s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £2 10s 0d William Seale junior, with 5½ acres at 1s 6d and 11½ acres at 2s 0d a year, ground rent 15s 0d, freehold land 7 acres, leasehold land 41½ acres, £9 10s 9d Mary Seale, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 7½ acres, £1 17s 6d William Seale senior, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 27 acres, £3 2s 0d Benjamin Seale, with 10½ acres at 1s 0d a year, ground rent 17s 6d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 12s 5d Martha Scott, ground rent 0, freehold land 25 acres, leasehold land 11 acres, £4 0s 0d Nathan Sampell, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 13½ acres, £1 19s 0d John Scott, with 10½ acres at 3s 0d a year, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 0s 0d Carried forward, freehold land 1,905¼ acres, leasehold land 1,912¼ acres, £537 1s 3d Interpretations The roll shows the Council's members among the island's largest landholders. Matthew Purling held 205 acres of freehold and 108½ of leasehold, and paid £36 6s 8d, second only to Richard Bagley. His son or kinsman Robert Purling, a lieutenant, held land as well. James Grantree, lieutenant and sheriff, paid almost £36. The men who set the rents and approved the leases were among those who paid them. Rents were fixed when each lease was granted. Purling, as accountant, kept the rent books, and he also sat on the Council that renewed leases and set terms, his own among them. Officers of the garrison appear throughout as town tenants. Solomon St Maurice, John Price the gaoler, James Powell the storekeeper and John Preston the mason paid ground rent on plots in James Town. The Company's servants were also its tenants, and the rent roll and the pay list were two records of the same small community. | |
396 | 1st October Ground Rent, Fee Land, Lease Land, £, s, d Brought Over: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 1904¾, Lease Land 1998¾, £ 537, s 1, d 3 Society Ground Rent @ 4/ pr. Ann. for 9½ Months: Ground Rent 3/2, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 3, d 2 John Shirley: Ground Rent 13/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 13, d 0 Jeremiah Smith: Ground Rent 15/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 James Torbets Orpd.: Ground Rent 12/, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 12, d 0 John Twaits Orpd.: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 9, Lease Land 17, £ 4, s 14, d 0 John Worrall: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 31, Lease Land 33, £ 9, s 16, d 0 John Worralls Orpd.: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 42½, £ 10, s 12, d 6 William Wrangham 3 Ac. @ 1/6 pr. Acre: Ground Rent 26/6, Fee Land 166, Lease Land 86, £ 30, s 12, d 0 Jane Willson: Ground Rent 2/6, Fee Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 2, d 6 Simon Whaley 6½ Acs. @ 1/6 pr. Ac. 2½ Acs. @ 2/ pr. Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 16, Lease Land 46¾, £ 10, s 14, d 10½ William Young: Ground Rent 5/, Fee Land 79½, Lease Land 20, £ 11, s 9, d 6 Stephen Young: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 10, Lease Land 8½, £ 3, s 1, d 6 Total: Ground Rent 0, Fee Land 2205¼, Lease Land 2261½, £ 620, s 7, d 3½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The rent roll closed with the following names, carried on from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, freehold land 1,904¾ acres, leasehold land 1,998¾ acres, £537 1s 3d The Society, ground rent at 4s 0d a year for 9½ months, 3s 2d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 3s 2d John Shelley, ground rent 13s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 13s 0d Jeremiah Smith, ground rent 15s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 15s 0d James Tibbets's estate, ground rent 12s 0d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 12s 0d John [...]'s estate, ground rent 0, freehold land 9 acres, leasehold land 17 acres, £4 14s 0d John Worrall, ground rent 0, freehold land 31 acres, leasehold land 33 acres, £9 16s 0d John Worrall's estate, ground rent 0, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 52½ acres, £10 12s 6d William Wrangham, with 3 acres at 1s 6d a year, ground rent 26s 6d, freehold land 166 acres, leasehold land 86 acres, £30 12s 0d Jane Wilson, ground rent 2s 6d, freehold land 0 acres, leasehold land 0 acres, £0 2s 6d Simon Whaley, with 6½ acres at 1s 6d and 2¾ acres at [...] a year, ground rent 0, freehold land 16 acres, leasehold land 46¾ acres, £10 14s 10½d William Young, ground rent 5s 0d, freehold land 79½ acres, leasehold land 20 acres, £11 9s 6d Stephen Young, ground rent 0, freehold land 10 acres, leasehold land 8½ acres, £3 1s 6d Total, freehold land 2,205½ acres, leasehold land 2,261¾ acres, £620 7s 3½d Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. Interpretations The roll recorded about 4,470 acres in private hands, divided almost equally between freehold and leasehold, and a rent of £620 7s 3½d for the year. That rent barely covered two months of the garrison's pay. Land on St Helena was not a source of revenue for the Company. Its rents served as a mark of the Company's lordship and a record of who held what. The island's real costs were met from the Company's general funds in London, with help from the warehouse and the bills of exchange that drew settlers' coin into the chest. The Society paid ground rent for 9½ months. That was the arrack society in which Matthew Purling held a three-eighths share. It occupied a plot in James Town, perhaps its warehouse or retail shop, taken up in the course of the year. A business owned partly by a councillor rented its premises from the Company like any other tenant. The rent was fixed at 4s a year, a nominal sum even by the island's standards. The Council had set the society's rent at a table where one of its partners sat. | |
397 | 8th October At a Consultation held on Monday the 8th day of October 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 1st October 1770 Robt. Leech and Jane Willson this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Robt. Leech and Jane Willson Sheweth That your Petitioners hath a Lease for a small piece of Ground lying in this Valley, expired requests your Worship and Council will be pleased to Grant them a renewal of the same. And your Petitioners will ever pray (signed) 8th Oct. 1770 Robt. Leech Granted On the 2d. instant we Inlisted William Gibson a Boy for a Fifer to serve the Honble. Company for five Years & gave him £ 2 Bounty Money to buy him Necessarys &c.a The Plantation Account for the Quarter and the Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of Septr. last were this day laid before Us which were examined and approved of and are as follow vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 8 October 1770. Governor Skottowe attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 1 October 1770 were read, approved and signed. Robert Leech and Jane Wilson presented a petition to the Governor and Council, dated 8 October 1770. Their lease of a small piece of ground in the valley had run out, and they asked for it to be renewed. The Council granted the request. On 2 October the Council enlisted William Gipson, a boy, as a fifer to serve the Company for five years. It gave him a bounty of £2 0s 0d to buy what he needed. The plantation account for the quarter, and the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for September, were then laid before the Council. The Council examined and approved them, and they were entered as follows. Interpretations William Gipson was taken on as a fifer at the same reduced bounty of £2 that had been paid to Edward Hayes, the island boy enlisted as a drummer in January 1770. Boys were cheaper than men in every way. Their bounty was a fifth of a re-enlisting soldier's, and the Company was investing in their training, not buying ready skill. The paymaster's accounts show the fife major paid 6d a day for teaching the young fifers. The garrison was raising its own musicians from the island's families, much as it had raised its drummers. | |
398 | Account of the Honorable Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c.a from the 1st July to the 30th September 1770 Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses, Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese Remaining 1st July: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 124, Neat Cattle Calves 65, Neat Cattle Yearlings 52, Neat Cattle Heifers 43, Neat Cattle Steers 51, Neat Cattle Oxen 20, Neat Cattle Total 362, Sheep Ewes 383, Sheep Weathers 97, Sheep Lambs 102, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 596, Goats Ewes 163, Goats Weathers 41, Goats Kids 15, Goats Rams 10, Goats Total 229, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 7, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 16, Horses 6, Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 68, Poultry Ducks 12, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 8 Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 31, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 31, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 35, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 35, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 24, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 24, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 17, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 17, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 56, Poultry Ducks 34, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 10 Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 124, Neat Cattle Calves 96, Neat Cattle Yearlings 52, Neat Cattle Heifers 43, Neat Cattle Steers 51, Neat Cattle Oxen 20, Neat Cattle Total 393, Sheep Ewes 383, Sheep Weathers 97, Sheep Lambs 137, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 631, Goats Ewes 163, Goats Weathers 41, Goats Kids 39, Goats Rams 10, Goats Total 253, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 24, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 33, Horses 6, Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 124, Poultry Ducks 46, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 18 Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 1, Neat Cattle Calves 1, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 4, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 6, Sheep Ewes 31, Sheep Weathers 35, Sheep Lambs 16, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 82, Goats Ewes 22, Goats Weathers 27, Goats Kids 8, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 57, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 2, Hogs Pigs 11, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 13, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 18, Poultry Ducks 5, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 2 Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 2, Neat Cattle Calves 7, Neat Cattle Yearlings 5, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 1, Neat Cattle Oxen 2, Neat Cattle Total 17, Sheep Ewes 7, Sheep Weathers 9, Sheep Lambs 12, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 28, Goats Ewes 19, Goats Weathers 9, Goats Kids 8, Goats Rams 2, Goats Total 38, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 1, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 1, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 9, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 2 Remaining 30th Sept.: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 121, Neat Cattle Calves 88, Neat Cattle Yearlings 47, Neat Cattle Heifers 43, Neat Cattle Steers 46, Neat Cattle Oxen 18, Neat Cattle Total 370, Sheep Ewes 345, Sheep Weathers 53, Sheep Lambs 109, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 521, Goats Ewes 122, Goats Weathers 5, Goats Kids 23, Goats Rams 8, Goats Total 158, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 13, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 19, Horses 6, Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 97, Poultry Ducks 41, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 14 Changed the Species: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 135, Neat Cattle Calves 82, Neat Cattle Yearlings 34, Neat Cattle Heifers 35, Neat Cattle Steers 56, Neat Cattle Oxen 21, Neat Cattle Total 370, Sheep Ewes 373, Sheep Weathers 97, Sheep Lambs 37, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 521, Goats Ewes 125, Goats Weathers 15, Goats Kids 10, Goats Rams 8, Goats Total 158, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 10, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 19, Horses 6, Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 97, Poultry Ducks 41, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 14 1 Slave Born named Nanny Yam expended for the Slaves 77 152 Yam expended for the Stock 12 450 Total 89 600 Errors Excepted (signed) Danl. Corneille Margin Notes: 8th October | The Company's stock of cattle and other animals from 1 July to 30 September 1770 was recorded as follows. Remaining on 1 July, cattle: 7 bulls, 124 cows, 65 calves, 52 yearlings, 43 heifers, 51 steers, 20 oxen, total 362 Remaining on 1 July, sheep: 383 ewes, 97 wethers, 102 lambs, 14 rams, total 596 Remaining on 1 July, goats: 163 ewes, 41 wethers, 15 kids, 10 rams, total 229 Remaining on 1 July, hogs: 5 sows, 3 shoats, 7 pigs, 1 boar, total 16 Remaining on 1 July, horses: 6 horses, 6 mares, total 12 Remaining on 1 July, poultry: 68 fowls, 12 ducks, 7 turkeys, 8 geese Increase, cattle: 31 calves, total 31 Increase, sheep: 35 lambs, total 35 Increase, goats: 24 kids, total 24 Increase, hogs: 17 pigs, total 17 Increase, poultry: 56 fowls, 34 ducks, 10 geese Total, cattle: 7 bulls, 124 cows, 96 calves, 52 yearlings, 43 heifers, 51 steers, 20 oxen, total 393 Total, sheep: 383 ewes, 97 wethers, 137 lambs, 14 rams, total 631 Total, goats: 163 ewes, 41 wethers, 39 kids, 10 rams, total 253 Total, hogs: 5 sows, 3 shoats, 24 pigs, 1 boar, total 33 Total, horses: 6 horses, 6 mares, total 12 Total, poultry: 124 fowls, 46 ducks, 7 turkeys, 18 geese Killed, cattle: 0 bulls, 1 cow, 1 calf, 0 yearlings, 0 heifers, 4 steers, 0 oxen, total 6 Killed, sheep: 31 ewes, 35 wethers, 16 lambs, 0 rams, total 82 Killed, goats: 22 ewes, 27 wethers, 8 kids, 0 rams, total 57 Killed, hogs: 0 sows, 2 shoats, 11 pigs, 0 boars, total 13 Killed, poultry: 18 fowls, 5 ducks, 0 turkeys, 2 geese Died, cattle: 0 bulls, 2 cows, 7 calves, 5 yearlings, 0 heifers, 1 steer, 2 oxen, total 17 Died, sheep: 7 ewes, 9 wethers, 12 lambs, 0 rams, total 28 Died, goats: 19 ewes, 9 wethers, 8 kids, 2 rams, total 38 Died, hogs: 0 sows, 1 shoat, 0 pigs, 0 boars, total 1 Died, poultry: 9 fowls, 0 ducks, 0 turkeys, 2 geese Remaining on 30 September, cattle: 7 bulls, 121 cows, 88 calves, 47 yearlings, 43 heifers, 46 steers, 18 oxen, total 370 Remaining on 30 September, sheep: 345 ewes, 53 wethers, 109 lambs, 14 rams, total 521 Remaining on 30 September, goats: 122 ewes, 5 wethers, 23 kids, 8 rams, total 158 Remaining on 30 September, hogs: 5 sows, 0 shoats, 13 pigs, 1 boar, total 19 Remaining on 30 September, horses: 6 horses, 6 mares, total 12 Remaining on 30 September, poultry: 97 fowls, 41 ducks, 7 turkeys, 14 geese After regrading by age, cattle: 7 bulls, 135 cows, 82 calves, 34 yearlings, 35 heifers, 56 steers, 21 oxen, total 370 After regrading by age, sheep: 373 ewes, 97 wethers, 37 lambs, 14 rams, total 521 After regrading by age, goats: 125 ewes, 15 wethers, 10 kids, 8 rams, total 158 After regrading by age, hogs: 5 sows, 3 shoats, 10 pigs, 1 boar, total 19 After regrading by age, horses: 6 horses, 6 mares, total 12 After regrading by age, poultry: 97 fowls, 41 ducks, 7 turkeys, 14 geese Slaves born: 1, named Nanny Yams used for the slaves, 77,152 lb Yams used for the stock, 12,450 lb Total yams used, 89,600 lb Daniel Corneille signed the account with errors excepted. Interpretations The cattle herd recovered a little over the quarter, rising from 362 to 370 head. Only six cattle were killed, against 30 in the quarter before, and deaths fell from 74 to 17. With the road almost empty in July and August, no ships asked for beef. Spring brought 31 calves. The Council spared the cattle and fed the island from the other flocks instead. Sheep killed for the table and garrison came to 82, and goats to 57. The goat flock fell from 229 to 158, and its wethers from 41 to just five. The Company was living off its sheep and goats to give the herd time to rebuild before the next fleet arrived. The final line regraded the stock by age. Calves that had grown were moved to yearlings, yearlings to heifers or steers, and lambs and kids to adults. The total stayed the same while the categories shifted. The regraded count gave the true make-up of the herd for the next quarter's account. It showed 135 cows in milk or calf and 56 steers, the beef animals the next fleet's commanders would ask for under their charter parties. | |
399 | 1770 Artillery Stores Expended in the Month of Septr. 1770 Guns fired, Shot fired, 18 lbs, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lb., Powder Expended oz 1 An Alarm at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived a Dutch Ship: Guns fired 15, Shot fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 15, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 22, Powder Expended oz 8 Fired at the above Ship from Burlings Battery: Guns fired 1, Shot fired 1, 18 lbs 1, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 7, Powder Expended oz 0 7 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, Shot fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 13 Departed the above Ship: Guns fired 15, Shot fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 15, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 22, Powder Expended oz 8 Powder expended in Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, Shot fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 187, Powder Expended oz 14 Total: Guns fired 43, Shot fired 1, 18 lbs 1, 6 lbs 30, 4 lbs 8, 1 lbs 4, Powder Expended lb. 265, Powder Expended oz 14 Junk to make Wads T. C. qr. lb. 2 3 3 4 Copper Brads 56 White Hoops for the Governors Use 4 Handspikes 11 Sponge Staves 3 Tallow for Sundry Services 24 Cartridge Paper Quire 2 Lead Balls to Shoot Goats 10¼ Copper Clouts for Carriages 18 (signed) James Tippet Captn. of Artillery Sundrys Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in Sept. 1770 19 Bottles Madeira Wine £ 1 8 6 7 do. Port do. 10 6 35 do. Lisbon do. 2 12 6 8 do. Mountain 12 28 do. Beer 5 1 29½ Galls. Arrack 4 8 6 162¼ Beef 3 7 7¼ 252 Mutton 5 5 1 Turkey 5 Carr. Over £ 18 14 8¼ | The account of artillery stores used in September 1770 was entered as follows. 1 September, an alarm at Prosperous Bay: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 1 September, a Dutch ship arrived: 15 guns fired, 15 six-pounders, powder 22 lb 8 oz 1 September, a shot fired at the same ship from Purling's Battery: 1 gun fired, 1 eighteen-pounder with shot, powder 7 lb 0 oz 7 September, an alarm: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 one-pounders, powder 13 lb 0 oz 13 September, the same ship departed: 15 guns fired, 15 six-pounders, powder 22 lb 8 oz Powder for sundry services: powder 187 lb 14 oz Total: 43 guns fired, 1 eighteen-pounder with shot, 30 six-pounders, 8 four-pounders, 4 one-pounders, powder 265 lb 14 oz Junk for making wads, 2 cwt 3 qr 4 lb Copper brads, 56 White hoops for the Governor's use, 4 Handspikes, 11 Sponge staves, 3 Tallow for sundry services, 24 lb Cartridge paper, 2 quires Lead ball for shooting goats, 10 lb Copper clouts for gun carriages, 18 James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. The account of food and drink used at the Company's table in September 1770 began as follows. Madeira wine, 19 bottles, £1 8s 6d Port wine, 7 bottles, £0 10s 6d Lisbon wine, 35 bottles, £2 12s 6d Mountain wine, 8 bottles, £0 12s 0d Beer, 28 bottles, £0 5s 1d Arrack, 29½ gallons, £4 8s 6d Beef, 162¼ lb, £3 7s 7¼d Mutton, 252 lb, £5 5s 0d Turkey, 1, £0 5s 0d Carried forward, £18 14s 8¼d Interpretations Purling's Battery fired a live shot at the Dutch ship Westfriesland as she came in on 1 September 1770. A shot fired across or near a ship's bow was the standard order to heave to and show her colours, or to anchor where the fort directed. Ships approaching St Helena were expected to send a boat ahead to Banks's and to come into the road only where the batteries could cover them. A large foreign ship with 28 guns that did neither was treated as a possible threat until she identified herself. Once she had done so, she was saluted with 15 guns on arrival and 15 on departure, more than the nine the Company's own ships received. A foreign ship of war or company ship saluted the fort first, and the island returned the courtesy gun for gun. The warning shot and the honours both showed that the batteries controlled the road. Copper clouts were thin copper plates nailed to the wooden gun carriages where they rubbed against iron, to stop wear and keep out rot. Copper brads fixed them. Captain Tippet was protecting the old carriages while the 34 new teak carriages ordered from Bombay on 11 June 1770 were awaited. | |
400 | 8th October Brought Over £ 18 14 8¼ 19 Fowls 1 8 6 2 Ducks 3 15¼ Butter 15 3 168 Candy 4 4 531 Flour 4 19 7½ 5 Lambs 2 10 3 Pigs 15 £ 33 10 ½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling At a Consultation held on Monday the 15th day of October 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matt. Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 8th October 1770 Saturday the 13 died Sarah Wife of James Easthope Planter The Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter commencing from the 1st of July and ending the 30 September last, which were examined, and approved and are as follow vizt. | The September table account continued from the total of £18 14s 8¼d brought forward. Brought forward, £18 14s 8¼d Fowls, 19, £1 8s 6d Ducks, 2, £0 3s 0d Butter, 15¼ lb, £0 15s 3d Sugar candy, 168 lb, £4 4s 0d Flour, 531 lb, £4 19s 7½d Lambs, 5, £2 10s 0d Pigs, 3, £0 15s 0d Total, £33 10s 0¾d Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the entry. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 15 October 1770. The Governor attended with Daniel Corneille, the lieutenant governor, and Matthew Purling. The minutes of the meeting of 8 October 1770 were read, approved and signed. Sarah, wife of James Easthope, a planter, died on Saturday 13 October. The storekeeper presented his collections and the paymaster his accounts for the quarter from 1 July to 30 September 1770. The Council examined and approved them, and they were entered as follows. | |
401 | 1770 Collection of Goods sold and delivered out of the Honble. Company's Store Houses from the 1st of July to the 30th September 1770 vizt. Sold to the Honble. Company's Servants at 10 pr. Cent Sugar & Candy vizt. 11699 Sugar 170 12 2 1540 Candy 35 5 10 205 18 Flour vizt. 3676 Flour 30 12 8 293 2 2 do. Baked 273 19 304 11 8 Rice & Paddy vizt. 169 2 11 Rice 74 18 1 39 3 19 Paddy 8 2 10 83 11 Candles 471 lb. 58 17 6 Salt 27⅞ Bushels 4 10 8 Pepper 43 lb. 1 4 2 Tea vizt. 381 Bohea 15 1 7 373 Congo 26 8 5 102 Single 7 13 49 3 Sope 490 lb. 15 16 5 Starch 26 lb. 16 9 Chelloes 24 Pieces 10 18 Twine vizt. 78 Sk. Twine 2 8 9 3 Cotton Wick 7 6 2 16 3 Canvas vizt. 16½ Yds. English Canvas 1 4 91½ do. Osenbrigs 4 1 5 5 Blankets vizt. 3 Fine 1 14 9 10 Ordinary 3 4 2 4 18 11 Shalloon vizt. 17¼ Yds. Scarlet 2 6 8 67¼ do. Coloured 6 14 6 1 do. Pompadore 2 9 9 3 11 Flannel 22 Yards 2 13 2 Carried Over £ 759 9 9 | The first statement listed the goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses between 1 July and 30 September 1770, beginning with sales to the Company's servants at cost plus 10%. Goods sold to the Company's servants at a 10% advance Sugar, 11,699 lb, £170 12s 2d Sugar candy, 1,540 lb, £35 5s 10d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £205 18s 0d Flour, 3,676 lb, £30 12s 8d Flour, baked, 293 cwt 2 qr 2 lb, £273 19s 0d Total for flour, £304 11s 8d Rice, 169 cwt 2 qr 11 lb, £74 18s 1d Paddy, 39 cwt 3 qr 19 lb, £8 2s 10d Total for rice and paddy, £83 0s 11d Candles, 471 lb, £58 17s 6d Salt, 27⅞ bushels, £4 10s 8d Pepper, 43 lb, £1 4s 2d Bohea tea, 381 lb, £15 1s 7d Congo tea, 373 lb, £26 8s 5d Singlo tea, 102 lb, £7 13s 0d Total for tea, £49 3s 0d Soap, 490 lb, £15 16s 5d Starch, 26 lb, £0 16s 9d Chelloes, 24 pieces, £10 18s 0d Twine, 78 skeins, £2 8s 9d Cotton wick, 5 lb, £0 7s 6d Total for twine, £2 16s 3d English canvas, 16½ yards, £1 0s 4d Osnaburg canvas, 91½ yards, £4 0s 1d Total for canvas, £5 0s 5d Fine blankets, 3, £1 14s 9d Ordinary blankets, 10, £3 4s 9d Total for blankets, £4 18s 11d Scarlet shalloon, 17½ yards, £2 6s 8d Coloured shalloon, 67¾ yards, £6 14s 6d Pompadour shalloon, 1 yard, £0 2s 9d Total for shalloon, £9 3s 11d Flannel, 22 yards, £2 13s 2d Carried forward, £759 9s 9d Interpretations Rice and rice-based purchases were twice as large as in the spring quarter. The Company's servants bought nearly 170 cwt of rice, against 95 cwt between April and June. The Anson's fine rice from Madras, at a far lower price than the spring's Bengal rice, had restocked the warehouse in August. The Fox brought Bombay rice and batty soon after. Baked flour fell from about 370 cwt to 293 cwt. The garrison and the settlers' households ate more rice and less bread once rice became cheap and plentiful again. Tea sales stayed high: 381 lb of Bohea and 373 lb of Congo, with Congo nearly doubling from the 217 lb of the previous quarter. Once the Canton chests landed in the spring, the island bought as much tea as the warehouse could supply. Officers and settlers turned to the dearer Congo now that a good stock was on hand. Candles rose to 471 lb, against 340 lb, for the long nights of the southern winter. | |
402 | 15th October Brought Over £ 759 9 9 Leather vizt. 209½ lb. Sole 15 1 2 7 Calf Skins 4 4 3 19 5 5 Thread vizt. 12 Whited Brown 4 9 9 17 Coloured do. 2 18 5 9 Oz. Nuns No. 38 12 11 8 1 1 Pease 2 Bushels 17 5 Long Ells vizt. 33¼ Yds. Blue 3 4 5 5½ do. Scarlet 16 9 4 1 2 Cordage 337¼ lb. 5 19 5 Coffee 10 lb. 11 11 Hats 3 Boys 19 10 Buckram 6½ Yards 5 9 Lead vizt. 13½ Sheet 2 10 57 Small Shott 11 10 14 8 Beef & Pork vizt. 1730 Ps. Beef 173 2181 do. Pork 218 2 391 2 Oars 1 3 Grindstones 2 6 1 Pitch & Tar vizt. 30 Pitch 3 9 7⅝ Galls. Tar 6 7 61 Rozin 10 2 1 6 Corks 14⅔ Gross 1 16 Kersey 9 Yards 19 10 Iron 29 lb. 6 Iron Pots 1 Weight 45 lb. 9 4 Hooks & Lines vizt. 425 No. 1 Hooks 1 3 10½ 500 do. 9 do. 15 10 100 do. 11 do. 1 9 75 do. 12 do. 1 3 400 do. 14 do. 4 1 675 do. 16 do. 3 11¼ 252 do. 2 Lines 4 11½ 84 No. 3 do. 1 11 6 Hooks & Lines Carr. over £ 8 3 2¼ Carried Over £ 1196 9 2 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the total of £759 9s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £759 9s 9d Sole leather, 209½ lb, £15 1s 2d Calf skins, 7, £4 4s 3d Total for leather, £19 5s 5d Whitened brown thread, 12 lb, £4 9s 9d Coloured thread, 17 lb, £2 18s 5d Nuns' thread no. 38, 9 oz, £0 12s 11d Total for thread, £8 1s 1d Pease, 2 bushels, £0 17s 5d Blue long ells, 33¼ yards, £3 4s 5d Scarlet long ells, 5⅝ yards, £0 16s 9d Total for long ells, £4 1s 2d Cordage, 337¼ lb, £5 19s 5d Coffee, 13 lb, £0 11s 11d Boys' hats, 3, £0 19s 10d Buckram, 6¼ yards, £0 5s 9d Sheet lead, 13¼ lb, £0 2s 10d Small shot, 57 lb, £0 11s 10d Total for lead, £0 14s 8d Salt beef, 1,730 pieces, £173 0s 0d Salt pork, 2,181 pieces, £218 2s 0d Total for beef and pork, £391 2s 0d Oar, 1, £0 3s 0d Grindstones, 2, £0 6s 1d Pitch, 30 lb, £0 3s 9d Tar, 7⅞ gallons, £0 6s 7d Rosin, 61 lb, £0 10s 2d Total for pitch and tar, £1 0s 6d Corks, 14⅔ gross, £1 16s 0d Kersey, 9 yards, £0 19s 10d Iron, 29 lb, £0 6s 0d Iron pot weighing 45 lb, 1, £0 9s 4d Fish hooks no. 1, 425, £1 3s 10½d Fish hooks no. 9, 500, £0 15s 10d Fish hooks no. 11, 100, £0 1s 9d Fish hooks no. 12, 75, £0 1s 3d Fish hooks no. 14, 400, £0 4s 1d Fish hooks no. 16, 675, £0 3s 11¼d Fishing lines no. 2, 252, £4 0s 11½d Fishing lines no. 3, 84, £1 11s 6d Hooks and lines carried forward, £8 3s 2¼d Carried forward, £1,196 9s 2d Interpretations Sales of salt meat to the Company's servants fell from 4,469 pieces in the quarter to 30 June 1770 to 3,911 in this one. Over the same months the warehouse sold almost twice as much rice, and fishing tackle sold faster than ever: more than 2,000 hooks and 336 lines. The cheap Madras and Bombay rice that landed in August, and the fish the island's own boats could catch, gave households a cheaper alternative to meat at 2s a piece. Fewer pieces sold also stretched the winter stock in the warehouse, which still held the 1,215 pieces bought from Captain Mitchell on 6 August. | |
403 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1196 9 2 Hooks & Lines Brought Over £ 8 3 2¼ 16 No. 4 Lines 6 7¼ 1 Hambro do. 1 8 7 Log do. 7 9 1 Knot Tack do. 1 5½ 9 8 Nails vizt. lb. d. 15 2 14 4½ 3 3 2 6 67 4 2 6 ½ 62 6 1 18 9 12 10 6 3 12 20 5 3 7 40 3 6 4½ Glazing Brads 7 9½ 3 Flooring do. 1 5½ 2¾ Spike Nails 1 6 7 2 Serge vizt. 42 Yds. Blue Duffell 10 6 5½ do. do. Serge 1 9 4 7 do. Scarlet do. 2 6½ 1½ Ps. Brown Fustain 3 13 9½ 2 do. Fine White do. 7 15 4 11 Yds. Green Serge 2 8 7 33 13 7 Ticking vizt. 2 Yds. Ticking 6 10½ 100½ Yds. Brown Linnen 9 12 3½ 9 19 2 Earthen Ware vizt. 7 Milk Pans 10 4 2 Large Earthen Tea Pots 4 10 4 Small do. do. 4 2 19 4 Camblet vizt. 10 Yds. Blue 1 13 0 4 do. Green 13 6 2 7 3 China Ware vizt. 63 Snekers 1 3 7½ 19 Bowls 1 3 9 6 Tea Pots 6 6 12 Octagon Soop Plates 6 5 60 Half Pint Cups & Saucers 1 13 9 24 Quarter do. & do. 6 China Ware Carr. over £ 5 4 Carried Over £ 1258 16 4 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £1,196 9s 2d Hooks and lines brought forward, £8 3s 2¼d Fishing lines no. 4, 16, £0 6s 7¼d Hambro line, 1, £0 1s 8d Log lines, 7, £0 7s 9d [...] line, 1, £0 1s 5½d Total for hooks and lines, £9 0s 8d Twopenny nails, 15 lb, £0 14s 4½d Threepenny nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 6d Fourpenny nails, 67 lb, £2 6s 0½d Sixpenny nails, 62 lb, £1 18s 9d Tenpenny nails, 12 lb, £0 6s 3d Twentypenny nails, 12 lb, £0 5s 3d Fortypenny nails, 7 lb, £0 3s 6d Glazing brads, 4½ lb, £0 7s 9½d Flooring brads, 3 lb, £0 1s 8½d Spike nails, 2½ lb, £0 1s 0d Total for nails, £6 7s 2d Blue duffle, 42 yards, £16 6s 0d Blue serge, 5½ yards, £1 9s 4d Scarlet serge, 7 yards, £2 0s 6½d Brown fustian, 17½ yards, £3 13s 9½d Fine white [...], 2 pieces, £7 15s 4d Green serge, 11 yards, £2 8s 7d Total for serge, £33 13s 7d Ticking, 2 yards, £0 6s 10½d [...] linen, 100¼ yards, £9 12s 3½d Total for ticking and linen, £9 19s 2d Earthenware milk pans, 7, £0 10s 4d Large earthenware teapots, 2, £0 4s 10d Small earthenware teapots, 4, £0 4s 2d Total for earthenware, £0 19s 4d Blue camlet, 10 yards, £1 13s 0d Green camlet, 4 yards, £0 13s 6d Total for camlet, £2 7s 3d China sneakers, 63, £1 3s 7½d China bowls, 19, £1 3s 9d China teapots, 6, £0 6s 6d China octagonal soup plates, 12, £0 6s 5d China half-pint cups and saucers, 60, £1 13s 9d China quarter-pint cups and saucers, 24, £0 6s 0d China carried forward, £5 0s 1d Carried forward, £1,258 16s 4d Interpretations Duffle was the largest cloth sale on the page: 42 yards of blue duffle, worth more than £16. In the quarter before, the servants had bought only 4½ yards. Duffle was the heavy napped woollen used for sea-coats and winter jackets. The quarter from July to September covered the depth of the island's cool, wet winter, when the wind on the high ground and at the guard posts called for warm outer clothing. The heavier cloth sold in the cold months, just as candles and flannel did. | |
404 | 15th October Brought Over £ 1258 16 4 China Ware Brought Over £ 5 4 7 Guglets & Basons 15 9 12 Baking Dishes 15 7 Sallad do. 5 3 5 Sets Octagon Dishes & Plates 7 2 11 1 Tureen & Dish 7 4 3 Chamber Pots 6 9 2 Octagon Meat Dishes 4 10½ 14 17 11 Braziers Ware vizt. 1 Flat Candlestick 5 8½ 1 Brass Skimmer 2 8¾ 3 Tea Kettles 3 Qts. Ea. 3 7 11 1 Copper Hand Pump 1 6 4½ 5 2 9 Glass Ware vizt. 10 Beer Glasses 9 9½ 6 Tumblers 3 3 1 Pr. Salts 8 3½ 6 Sq. Glass 11 by 17½ 8 10½ 27 do. do. 10 by 12 1 5 10½ 18 do. do. 6 by 8 5 7½ 4 do. do. 11½ by 19 6 3 2 do. do. 8 by 10 1 2½ 3 9 2 Broad Cloth vizt. 11½ Yds. Scarlet 12 11 10 14⅜ do. Green 13 11 11 7¾ do. Blue 7 13 3 1½ do. Buff 1 1 9 6⅛ do. Pea Green Grey 6 4 10 2¼ do. Dark French Grey 2 5 10 4¾ do. Lead Colour 4 9 48 7 Deals vizt. 30 Double Deals 5 3 1½ 5 Single do. 9 9¼ 3 Wainscot Boards 1 1 9 1 Ps. Riga Timber 2 8 1½ 2 Baulks 19 6 1 Bundle Laths 1 2¾ 10 3 6 Books vizt. 3 Common Prayer 16 4½ 1 Spelling 11 1 Small Bible 4 1 1 Primmer 3½ 1 1 8 Carried Over £ 1341 11 11 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £1,258 16s 4d China brought forward, £5 0s 1d China guglets and basins, 7, £0 15s 9d China baking dishes, 12, £0 15s 0d China salad dishes, 7, £0 5s 3d China octagonal dishes and plates, 5 sets, £7 2s 11d China tureen and dish, 1, £0 7s 4d China chamber pots, 3, £0 6s 9d China octagonal meat dishes, 2, £0 4s 10½d Total for china, £14 17s 11d Flat candlestick, 1, £0 5s 8½d Brass skimmer, 1, £0 2s 8¾d Tea kettles, 3 of 3 quarts, £3 7s 11d Copper hand pump, 1, £1 6s 4½d Total for brazier's goods, £5 2s 9d Beer glasses, 10, £0 9s 9½d Tumblers, 6, £0 3s 3d Pair of salts, 1, £0 8s 3½d Window glass, 6 panes 11 by 17¾ inches, £0 8s 10½d Window glass, 27 panes 10 by 12 inches, £1 5s 10½d Window glass, 18 panes 6 by 8 inches, £0 5s 7½d Window glass, 4 panes 11½ by 19 inches, £0 6s 3d Window glass, 2 panes 8 by 10 inches, £0 1s 2½d Total for glass, £3 9s 2d Scarlet broadcloth, 11¼ yards, £12 11s 10d Green broadcloth, 14⅜ yards, £13 11s 11d Blue broadcloth, 7¾ yards, £7 13s 3d Buff broadcloth, 1¾ yards, £1 11s 9d Brown grey broadcloth, 6¾ yards, £6 4s 10d Dark French grey broadcloth, 2¼ yards, £2 5s 10d Lead-coloured broadcloth, 4¼ yards, £4 0s 9d Total for broadcloth, £48 0s 7d Double deals, 30, £5 3s 1½d Single deals, 5, £0 9s 9½d Wainscot boards, 3, £1 1s 9d Riga timber, 1 piece, £2 8s 1½d Baulks of timber, 2, £0 19s 6d Bundle of laths, 1, £0 1s 2¾d Total for deals, £10 3s 6d Books of Common Prayer, 3, £0 16s 4½d Spelling book, 1, £0 0s 11d Small Bible, 1, £0 4s 1d Primer, 1, £0 0s 3½d Total for books, £1 1s 8d Carried forward, £1,341 11s 11d Interpretations The servants bought nearly £50 of broadcloth that quarter, the most of any quarter that year. Scarlet, blue and buff were the colours of officers' coats, facings and waistcoats. Green, greys and lead colour were for civilian dress. The officers had received their yearly regimentals at the Company's cost in the quarter before. This cloth was bought privately for second coats, for families and for the civilian clothes that officers wore off duty. The spelling book, primer and Bible point to home teaching continuing while the parish school, granted its deed on 17 September 1770, was still being built. | |
405 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1341 11 11 Saddles 2 7 4 Shirts vizt. 182 Soldrs. Shirts 45 2 5 1½ Ps. Irish Linnen 2 10 8 23½ Yds. Brown Holland 2 12 1 50 5 2 Haberdashery vizt. 9 doz. Regimental C. Buttons 13 6 27½ do. Silk do. do. 1 1 3 21½ do. do. Bt. do. 3 1 ¾ Gro. White Waist do. 3 6¼ 2 do. Shirt do. 5 3 2½ doz. Silver Wire C. do. 12 7½ 40 Sk. Mohair 1 62 do. Silk 1 16 2 30 Ps. Tape 18 9 75 Yards Broad Gold Lace 16 1 68 do. Narrow do. do. 9 15 6 1½ Gro. Horn Moulds 2 10 1¼ Whale Bone 8 10½ 2½ Yds. Tabby 1 10½ 1 do. Whd. Buckram 1 2¾ 34 14 5 Hosiers Ware vizt. 178 Pr. Mens Ordy. Thread Stockings 23 18 6 11 do. Worsted do. 2 6 6 4 do. Boys do. 8 8 3 do. Girls do. 6 6 31 do. Mens India Cotton do. 14 8 3 Black Worsted Breeches Pieces 1 9 3 47 17 8 Sailors Cloaths 1 Grooms Waistcoat 4 10 Cart Wheels 1 Wheel Barrows 3 7 10 Turners Ware vizt. 20 Shoe Brushes 14 7 3 Mops 4 1½ 5 Hair Brooms 12 4 3 Haskets 7 6 6 Plaisterers Brushes 6 1½ 2 Birch Brooms 10 6 Labourers Baskets 6 6 10 Punch Ladles 6 3½ 3 Paint Brushes 1 6 8 Platters 10 8 5 Wood Bowls 3 10 3 Hair Sieves 3 4 2 Butchers Trays 3 ½ 4 4 Carried Over £ 1489 9 10 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the total of £1,341 11s 11d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,341 11s 11d Saddles, 2, £7 4s 0d Soldiers' shirts, 182, £45 2s 5d Irish linen, 1½ pieces, £2 10s 8d Brown holland, 23½ yards, £2 12s 1d Total for shirts and shirting, £50 5s 2d Regimental coat buttons, 9 dozen, £0 13s 6d Plated coat buttons, 27½ dozen, £1 1s 3d Plated breast buttons, 21½ dozen, £0 2s 1d White waistcoat buttons, ¾ gross, £0 3s 6¼d Shirt buttons, 2 gross, £0 5s 3d Silver wire coat buttons, 2½ dozen, £0 12s 7¼d Mohair thread, 40 skeins, £1 0s 0d Sewing silk, 62 skeins, £1 16s 2d Tape, 30 pieces, £0 18s 9d Broad gold lace, 75 yards, £16 1s 0d Narrow gold lace, 68 yards, £9 15s 6d Horn button moulds, 1½ gross, £0 2s 10d Whalebone, 1¼ lb, £0 8s 10½d Tabby, 2½ yards, £1 0s 10½d Black buckram, 1 yard, £0 1s 2¾d Total for haberdashery, £34 14s 5d Men's ordinary thread stockings, 178 pairs, £23 18s 6d Women's stockings, 11 pairs, £2 6s 4d Boys' stockings, 4 pairs, £0 8s 8d Girls' stockings, 3 pairs, £0 6s 6d Men's India cotton stockings, 21 pairs, £4 8s 0d Black worsted breeches pieces, 3, £1 9s 3d Total for hosiery, £32 17s 8d Groom's waistcoat, 1, £0 4s 10d Cart wheels and wheelbarrows, £3 7s 10d Shoe brushes, 20, £0 14s 7d Mops, 3, £0 4s 1½d Hair brooms, 5, £0 12s 8d Flaskets, 2, £0 7s 6d Plasterers' brushes, 6, £0 6s 1½d Birch brooms, 2, £0 0s 10d Labourers' baskets, 6, £0 6s 6d Punch ladles, 10, £0 6s 5½d Paint brushes, 3, £0 1s 6d Platters, 8, £0 10s 8d Wooden bowls, 5, £0 5s 10d Hair sieves, 3, £0 3s 4d Butchers' trays, 2, £0 3s 0½d Total for turnery, £4 4s 0d Carried forward, £1,489 9s 10d Interpretations The officers spent heavily on gold lace that quarter: 143 yards, broad and narrow, costing over £25. That was more than six times the lace sold in the quarter to 30 June 1770. The Company had issued the officers' scarlet regimentals at its own cost in the spring. The lace to trim them was evidently left to the officers to buy, and they bought it once the coats were made up. A lieutenant's laced hat and coat marked his rank on parade and at the Castle table, and the expense came out of his own pocket. Tabby was a heavy watered silk with a rippled sheen, used for waistcoats and linings in the better sort of dress. | |
406 | 15th October Brought Over £ 1489 9 10 Iron Ware vizt. 8 Hand Hatchets 15 1 Pr. Garden Shears 4 6 Pr. Sheep do. 10 7 Pr. H. L. Hinges 15 5½ 4 Pr. Dovetail do. 2 8 5 Curry Combs & Brushes 10 1 Wood Ax 3 1½ 24 Ash Helves 15 6 9 Sythe Stones 1 10½ 15 Chest Locks 2 11 3 3 Pad do. 5 7½ 3 Spring do. 1 8¼ 3 Stock do. 9 7½ 1 Small Frying Pan 2 3½ 1 Large do. 4 6 4 Blank Keys 2 9 4 Chaffing Dishes 1 2 3 Plaisterers Trowels 5 6 15 Pick Axes 2 7 9½ 2 Sheets Sand Paper 2½ 2 do. Emery do. 3 1 Small Jack 2 15 8 1 Jack Chain 1 11 1 do. Weight & Pulley 9 11 ½ lb. Brass Curtain Rods 8¼ 2 Garden Rakes 5 1½ 1 File 6 8 Iron Shovels 1 19 6 1 Plaisterers Sieve 5 1 2 Axletrees & Winches for Grindstones 9 4½ 1 Small Box Iron 7 5½ 3 Iron binding Wire 4 9¾ 5 Spring Rat Traps 8 2¾ 2 Cupboard Locks 3 5¼ 3 Bricklayers Trowels 4 6 6 Sail Needles 2 1 Maul 10 7 5 Mouse Traps 3 1½ 3 Large Box Irons 1 9 7½ 2 Pr. Barrack Hinges 3 8 1 Iron Crow 11 1½ 1 Set Jack Wheels 7 5 1 Hand Saw 8 2 1 Claw Hammer 1 8 1 Spike Gimblet 5 1 Pr. Small Stilyards 6 3 1 Spade 4 1½ 1 Joiners Rubstone 3 ¼ 24 9 6 Carried Over £ 1513 19 4 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued with ironware, carried on from the total of £1,489 9s 10d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,489 9s 10d Hand hatchets, 8, £0 15s 0d Garden shears, 1 pair, £0 4s 0d Sheep shears, 6 pairs, £0 10s 0d HL hinges, 7 pairs, £0 15s 5½d Dovetail hinges, 4 pairs, £0 2s 8d Curry combs and brushes, 5, £0 10s 0d Wood axe, 1, £0 3s 1½d Axe handles, 24, £0 15s 6d Scythe stones, 9, £0 1s 10½d Chest locks, 15, £2 11s 3d Padlocks, 3, £0 5s 7½d Splinter locks, 3, £0 1s 8¼d Stock locks, 3, £0 9s 7½d Small frying pan, 1, £0 2s 3½d Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 6d Blank keys, 4, £0 2s 9d Chafing dishes, 4, £1 2s 0d Plasterers' trowels, 3, £0 5s 6d Pickaxes, 15, £2 17s 9½d Sandpaper, 2 sheets, £0 0s 2½d Emery paper, 2 sheets, £0 0s 3d Small roasting jack, 1, £2 15s 8d Jack chain, 1, £0 1s 11d Jack weight and pulley, 1, £0 9s 11d Brass chair nails, ½ lb, £0 0s 8¾d Garden rakes, 2, £0 5s 1½d File, 1, £0 0s 6d Iron shovels, 8, £1 19s 6d Plasterer's sieve, 1, £0 5s 1d Axletrees and winches for grindstones, 2, £0 9s 4½d Small box iron, 1, £0 7s 5½d Iron binding wire, 3 lb, £0 4s 9¾d Spring rat traps, 3, £0 8s 2¾d Cupboard locks, 2, £0 6s 5¼d Bricklayers' trowels, 3, £0 4s 6d Sail needles, 6, £0 0s 2d Maul, 1, £0 10s 7d Mousetraps, 5, £0 3s 1½d Large box irons, 3, £1 9s 7½d Barrack hinges, 2 pairs, £0 3s 8d Iron crow, 1, £0 11s 1½d Jack wheels, 1 set, £0 7s 5d Handsaw, 1, £0 8s 2d Claw hammer, 1, £0 1s 8d Spike gimlet, 1, £0 0s 5d Small steelyards, 1 pair, £0 6s 3d Spade, 1, £0 4s 1½d Joiner's rubstone, 1, £0 3s 1¼d Total for ironware, £24 4s 6d Carried forward, £1,513 14s 4d Interpretations The roasting jack, with its chain, weight, pulley and spare set of wheels, was the costliest single piece of ironware on the page. A jack was a clockwork device driven by a falling weight. It turned a spit before the kitchen fire so that a joint roasted evenly without a servant turning it by hand. Elsewhere on the island that work fell to slaves. Buying a jack was a mark of a household that ate roast meat often enough to justify the expense. The steelyards, a beam balance with a sliding weight, let a household weigh its own purchases of meat, rice and sugar. It could then check what the warehouse and the ships sold it. | |
407 | 1770 Brought Over £ 1513 19 4 Shoes vizt. 331 Pr. Mens Ordy. Shoes 83 3 9½ 22 Pr. do. Fine do. 6 13 10 21 Pr. do. do. Pumps 5 15 6 7 Pr. do. do. Channel 2 9 8¾ 24 Pr. Boys Shoes 4 4 19 Pr. Womens Calimanco do. 4 9 6 Pr. do. Calf Leather do. 17 1½ 2 Pr. Girls Calimanco do. 6 7½ 4 Pr. do. Calf Leather do. 8 9½ 105 5 2 Paint vizt. 13½ Indico 1 10 8 8 Blue Smalts 15 173 Whiting 7 3 Red Lead 9½ ½ Copperas 6½ 2 Pill Color dry 5 6 White Lead mixed 2 6 8 Bar. Blacking 7 1 Chocolate Colour 1 4½ 6 Log Wood 2 5½ 1 Blue Paint 8 9½ ½ Red Lead mixed 9½ 3 9 2 Tin Ware vizt. 3 Gallon Sauce Pans with Covers 5 10½ 8 Quart do. 4 2 1 do. Funnel 6½ 2 Single Sheets Tin 9 6 Pudding Pans 6 9 1 Lamp 11 3 Watering Pots 15 11½ 4 Dripping Pans 8 1 1 Salammoniac 3 3¾ 2 6 4 Cuttlery Ware vizt. 11 Fine Ivory Combs 1 14 4½ 12 Ordy. do. 12 8½ 17 Horn do. 3 10½ 21 Buckling do. 7 24 Pr. Leather Garters 16 6 1 Pruning Knife 1 2¾ 2 doz. Stag Horn Knives & Forks 1 2 7½ 2½ doz. Ivory Handle do. & do. 4 1 1 8 19 Carried Over £ 1636 19 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from the total of £1,513 14s 4d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,513 14s 4d Men's ordinary shoes, 331 pairs, £83 3s 9½d Men's fine shoes, 22 pairs, £6 13s 10d Men's pumps, 21 pairs, £5 15s 6d Men's channelled pumps, 7 pairs, £2 9s 8¾d Boys' shoes, 24 pairs, £4 4s 0d Women's calamanco shoes, 19 pairs, £4 0s 9d Women's calf leather shoes, 6 pairs, £0 17s 1½d Girls' calamanco shoes, 2 pairs, £0 6s 7½d Girls' calf leather shoes, 4 pairs, £0 8s 9½d Total for shoes, £108 5s 2d Indigo, 13½ lb, £1 10s 8d Blue smalts, 8 lb, £0 15s 0d Whiting, 173 lb, £0 7s 0d Red lead, 3 lb, £0 0s 9½d Copperas, ½ lb, £0 0s 6½d Dry yellow paint, 2 lb, £0 0s 5d White lead, mixed, 6 lb, £0 2s 6d Barrel blacking, 8 lb, £0 [...] Chocolate-coloured paint, 1 lb, £0 1s 4½d Logwood, 6 lb, £0 2s 5½d Blue paint, 1 lb, £0 [...] Venetian red, mixed, ½ lb, £0 0s 9½d Total for paint, £3 9s 2d Three-gallon saucepans with covers, 3, £0 5s 10½d Quart saucepans, 8, £0 4s 2d Quart funnel, 1, £0 0s 6½d Single sheets of tin, 2, £0 0s 9d Pudding pans, 6, £0 6s 9d Lamp, 1, £0 0s 11d Watering pots, 3, £0 15s 11½d Dripping pans, 4, £0 8s 1d Sal ammoniac, ½ lb, £0 3s 3½d Total for tinware, £2 6s 4d Fine ivory combs, 11, £1 14s 4½d Ordinary ivory combs, 12, £0 12s 8½d Horn combs, 17, £0 3s 10½d Buckling combs, 21, £0 7s 0d Leather garters, 24 pairs, £0 16s 6d Pruning knife, 1, £0 1s 2¾d Stag-horn-handled knives and forks, 2 dozen, £1 2s 7½d [...]-handled knives and forks, [...], £4 1s 1d Total for cutlery, £8 19s 0d Carried forward, £1,636 19s 0d Interpretations The servants bought 331 pairs of men's ordinary shoes in the quarter, almost as many as the 359 pairs bought in the first quarter of 1770. The free issue of shoes to every man in the spring had not stopped the private buying. The island's steep paths and volcanic stone wore through a pair of shoes in a few months. The yearly free pair lasted a soldier only part of the year, and the rest he bought himself, with the cost stopped from his pay. | |
408 | 15th October Brought Over £ 1636 19 Long Cloth vizt. 1 Ps. D. 4 13 2 Ps. No. 8 6 1 6 5¼ do. L. 28 6 1½ 2 do. R. 6 1 8 4 do. U. 5 1 8 ½ do. Q. 10 1½ 2 do. T. 3 2 10 1 do. S. 3 10 57 7 1 Beer 326 Gallons 18 6 9 Oil vizt. 6½ G. Train 1 4 2 2 G. Linseed 8 10 2 Bottles Florence 5 10 ¼ Oil Turpentine 1 5 2 3 £ 1714 13 7 Sold to the Planters at 25 pr. Cent from the 1st July to the 30th Septr. 1770 Leather 4½ Sole 6 11 Blankets 1 Fine 13 1 Flannel 1 Yard 2 8 Shalloon 5½ Yds. Scarlet 16 2 Chelloes 6 Pieces 3 2 Long Ells 6 Yds. Blue 12 9 Thread 1 Coloured 3 11 Canvas vizt. 2½ Yds. English Canvas 4 ¾ 6 do. Osnabrigs 6 ¼ 10 1 Hosiers Ware vizt. 4 Pr. Boys Stockings 9 8 1 do. Mens Wool do. 4 6 14 2 Serge vizt. 3½ Yds. Scarlet Serge 1 1 4 ½ Ps. Brown Fustain 1 3 11 2 5 3 Haberdashery 2 doz. Mohr. C. Buttons 2 Shoes 2 Pr. Womens Calimanco 9 7 Shirts 4 Yds. Brown Holland 9 2 Carried Over £ 10 7 9 | The statement of goods sold to the Company's servants closed with the following goods, carried on from the total of £1,636 19s 0d brought forward. Sales to the planters at cost plus 25% followed. Brought forward, £1,636 19s 0d Long cloth marked D, 1 piece, £4 13s 0d Long cloth no. 8, 2 pieces, £6 1s 6d Long cloth marked L, 8⅝ pieces, £28 6s 1½d Long cloth marked R, 2 pieces, £6 1s 8d Long cloth marked U, 4 pieces, £5 1s 8d Long cloth marked Q, ½ piece, £0 10s 11½d Long cloth marked F, 2 pieces, £3 2s 10d Long cloth marked S, 1 piece, £3 0s 10d Total for long cloth, £57 7s 1d Beer, 326 gallons, £18 6s 9d Train oil, 6⅛ gallons, £1 4s 2d Linseed oil, 2 gallons, £0 8s 10d Florence oil, 2 bottles, £0 5s 10d Oil of turpentine, ¼ gallon, £0 1s 5d Total for oils, £2 0s 3d Total sold to the Company's servants, £1,714 13s 7d Goods sold to the planters at a 25% advance, 1 July to 30 September 1770 Sole leather, 4½ lb, £0 6s 11d Fine blanket, 1, £0 13s 1d Flannel, 1 yard, £0 2s 8d Scarlet shalloon, 5½ yards, £0 16s 2d Chelloes, 6 pieces, £3 2s 0d Blue long ells, 6½ yards, £0 17s 9d Coloured thread, 1 lb, £0 3s 11d English canvas, 2½ yards, £0 4s 0¾d Osnaburg canvas, 6 yards, £0 6s 0¼d Total for canvas, £0 10s 1d Boys' stockings, 4 pairs, £0 9s 8d Men's woollen stockings, 1 pair, £0 4s 6d Total for hosiery, £0 14s 2d Scarlet serge, 3½ yards, £1 1s 4d Brown fustian, ½ piece, £1 3s 11d Total for serge, £2 5s 3d Mohair coat buttons, 2 dozen, £0 2s 0d Women's calamanco shoes, 2 pairs, £0 9s 7d Brown holland for shirts, 4 yards, £0 9s 2d Carried forward, £12 7s 9d Interpretations Beer appeared in the warehouse sales for the first time that year, 326 gallons sold by the gallon rather than the bottle. The hops landed from the British King and Harcourt in May point to the source. The Company was brewing beer on the island and selling it from the stores. Beer brewed locally cost far less than bottled beer shipped from England. It also gave the garrison a weaker drink than the arrack that flowed through the society's shops. Its sale in the winter quarter was perhaps a deliberate attempt to wean the soldiers off spirits after a season of desertion and disorder. The planters bought only a little over £12 of goods in the quarter. Most of it was cloth for working clothes and slaves' dress. The warehouse remained mainly a store for the Company's own people. | |
409 | 1770 Brought Over £ 10 7 9 Do. Sold to the Planters at 40 pr. Cent from the 1st July to the 30 Sept. 1770 vizt. Sugar & Candy vizt. 320 Sugar 6 13 4 152 Candy 4 8 8 11 2 Flour 98 lb. 1 4 6 Rice 3 qr. 1 1 14 1 Salt ¾ Bushel 3 4 Pepper 2 lb. 1 6 Tea vizt. 23 Bohea 1 3 11½ 144 Congo 12 18 9 Single 17 7½ 14 19 7 Twine vizt. 2 Sk. Twine 1 9 ½ Cotton wick 4 10 1 Sk. Marline 5 7 Cordage 465 lb. 11 2 7 Starch 1 lb. 10 Sope 22 lb. 18 4 Pitch & Tar vizt. 1½ Galls. Tar 1 4½ 15 Rosin 3 5½ 4 10 Lead 6 Shot 1 7 Iron Pots 1 Wt. 19 lb. 5 2 Hooks & Lines vizt. 100 No. 1 Hooks 7 2¼ 25 do. 9 1 1 50 do. 12 8 50 do. 14 1 6 200 do. 16 7 4½ 18 do. 2 Lines 11 6¼ 24 do. 3 1 10 4 Iron Ware vizt. 2 Mouse Traps 1 7½ 1 Iron Shovel 5 10½ 2 Pr. Sheep Shears 4 4 1 Hand Hatchet 2 5 2 Pad Locks 4 11 1 Bricklayers Trowel 1 11 2 Stock Locks 8 2 1 Large Frying Pan 5 9 1 15 Carried Over £ 55 18 5 | The sales to the planters were carried forward at £10 7s 9d. Sales at cost plus 40% between 1 July and 30 September 1770 followed. Brought forward, £10 7s 9d Goods sold at a 40% advance, 1 July to 30 September 1770 Sugar, 320 lb, £6 13s 4d Sugar candy, 132 lb, £4 8s 8d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £11 2s 0d Flour, 98 lb, £1 4s 6d Rice, 3 cwt [...], £1 14s 1d Salt, ¾ bushel, £0 3s 4d Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d Bohea tea, 23 lb, £1 3s 11½d Congo tea, 144 lb, £12 18s 0d Singlo tea, 9 lb, £0 17s 7½d Total for tea, £14 19s 7d Twine, 2 skeins, £0 1s 9d Cotton wick, 1½ lb, £0 4s 10d [...], 1 skein, £0 0s 5d Total for twine, £0 7s 0d Cordage, 465 lb, £11 2s 7d Starch, 1 lb, £0 0s 10d Soap, 22 lb, £0 18s 4d Tar, 1½ gallons, £0 1s 4½d Rosin, 15 lb, £0 3s 5½d Total for pitch and tar, £0 4s 10d Lead shot, 6 lb, £0 1s 7d Iron pot weighing 19 lb, 1, £0 5s 2d Fish hooks no. 1, 100, £0 7s 2¼d Fish hooks no. 9, 25, £0 1s 1d Fish hooks no. 12, 50, £0 0s 8d Fish hooks no. 14, 50, £0 1s 6d Fish hooks no. 16, 200, £0 [...] Fishing lines no. 2, 18, £0 7s 4½d Fishing lines no. 3, 24, £0 11s 6¼d Total for hooks and lines, £1 10s 4d Mousetraps, 2, £0 1s 7½d Iron shovel, 1, £0 5s 10½d Sheep shears, 2 pairs, £0 4s 4d Hand hatchet, 1, £0 2s 5d Padlocks, 2, £0 4s 11d Bricklayer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 11d Stock locks, 2, £0 8s 2d Large frying pan, 1, £0 5s 9d Total for ironware, £1 15s 0d Carried forward, £55 18s 5d Interpretations The heaviest purchases at the 40% rate were Congo tea and cordage, 144 lb and 465 lb. Those were the needs of ships, not of island households. In the quarter only the Anson, the Fox and the Dutch Westfriesland called. The Dutch ship had no claim on the Company's stores at charter rates, and a ship from Batavia carried no Canton tea. Her officers were perhaps the buyers of most of the Congo, paying a full commercial price for a tea the Dutch company did not supply them. | |
410 | 15th October Brought Over £ 55 18 5 Paint vizt. 21 Whiting 1 3¾ 2 Chocolate Colour 1 8 2 Indico 4 10½ 5 Bar. Blacking 5 7¼ 13 6 Turners Ware vizt. 3 Paint Brushes 2 ¾ 1 Scrubbing do. 3 7¾ 1 Hair Broom 3 2¼ 1 Punch Ladle 10 1 Basket 3 2½ 1 Plaisterers Brush 1 4 14 3 Glass Ware vizt. 4 Sq. Glass 10 by 12 6 4 7 do. 10½ by 17½ 13 5 19 9 Cutlery Ware 1 Shoe Knife 6 China Ware vizt. 6 Sneekers 3 5 Bowls 8 9 11 9 Deals 2 Single 5 7 £ 59 3 9 Sold to the Honble. Company's Ships from the 1st July to 30th Sept. 1770 Nails vizt. 10 4 8 9 3 Glazing Brads 7 15 9 Grindstones 1 3 11 Candles 40 lb. 6 8 4 Twine 40 Skains 1 15 Iron Ware 1 Axletree & Winch for a Grindstone 6 Paint 12 Barrels Blacking 13 6 Oil vizt. 8 Galls. Linseed 2 4 8 ⅛ do. Oil Turpentine 3 9 2 8 5 Turners Ware vizt. 6 Paint Brushes 4 3 2 Mops 3 6 7 9 £ 12 18 8 | The sales at cost plus 40% ended with the following goods, carried on from the total of £55 18s 5d brought forward. The stores supplied to the Company's ships followed. Brought forward, £55 18s 5d Whiting, 21 lb, £0 1s 3¾d Chocolate-coloured paint, 2 lb, £0 1s 8¼d Indigo, 2 lb, £0 4s 10½d Barrel blacking, 5 lb, £0 5s 7¼d Total for paint, £0 13s 6d Paint brushes, 3, £0 2s 0½d Scrubbing brush, 1, £0 3s 7¾d Hair broom, 1, £0 3s 2¼d Punch ladle, 1, £0 0s 10d Flasket, 1, £0 3s 2½d Plasterer's brush, 1, £0 1s 4d Total for turnery, £0 14s 3d Window glass, 4 panes 10 by 12 inches, £0 6s 4d Window glass, 7 panes 11¼ by 17¾ inches, £0 13s 5d Total for glass, £0 19s 9d Shoe knife, 1, £0 0s 6d China sneakers, 6, £0 3s 0d China bowls, 5, £0 8s 9d Total for china, £0 11s 9d Single deals, 2, £0 5s 7d Total sold to the planters and at 40%, £59 3s 9d Goods supplied to the Company's ships, 1 July to 30 September 1770 Fourpenny nails, 10 lb, £0 8s 9d Glazing brads, 3 lb, £0 7s 0d Total for nails, £0 15s 9d Grindstone, 1, £0 3s 11d Candles, 48 lb, £6 8s 4d Twine, 40 skeins, £1 15s 0d Axletree and winch for a grindstone, 1, £0 6s 0d Barrel blacking, 12 lb, £0 13s 6d Linseed oil, 8 gallons, £2 4s 8d Oil of turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 3s 9d Total for oils, £2 8s 5d Paint brushes, 6, £0 4s 3d Mops, 2, £0 3s 6d Total for turnery, £0 7s 9d Total supplied to the Company's ships, £12 18s 8d Interpretations The Company's ships drew only £12 18s 8d from the stores in the winter quarter, against £124 16s 7d in the spring. Only the Anson and the Fox called between July and September. Neither had lost a mast or needed major repairs, and both took only candles, twine and paint for routine upkeep. The busy spring, when the whole homeward fleet refitted at the island, showed in the warehouse's peak earnings. The quiet winter showed in quarters like this one, when the stores mainly served the garrison. | |
411 | 1770 Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 July to the 30 Sept. 1770 vizt. Candy 92 Govr. Gard. & Doct. Shop 1 18 4 Tea 6 Bohea do. & do. 4 3 Arrack 99½ Sundry Men employ'd & Doct. Shop 14 9 10 Candles vizt. 288 Castle 10 Council 30 Chaplain 25 Doct. Shop 453 51 19 10 Corks 12 Gross Castle 1 15 3 Coals 110 Bushels Smiths Shop 5 19 2 Cordage 532 Crane & Slaughter House 8 6 3 Starch 14 for Linnen 8 2 Chelloes 4 Ps. for Rubbers 1 14 6 Sope 108 for Linnen 2 18 4 Iron & Steel vizt. 407 Iron Smiths Shop, Crane and Slaughter House 3 16 4 64 Steel 1 1 4 43 Blistered Steel 16 5 13 8 Paint vizt. 8 Indico for Linnen 13 10 10 Blue Smalts do. 15 3½ 14 Whiting cleaning of Plate 7½ 1 9 9 Canvas vizt. 6½ Yds. English Canvas Castle 8 5 2½ do. Osnabrigs for Packets 2 10 5 Nails vizt. 12 3 Store Use, Slaughter House & Carpentrs. Shops 10 6 2 3 1 6 12 6 6 9 48 10 1 2 8 20 3 6 24 40 10 6 3 Copper Rivets 4 4 2 19 1 Iron Ware vizt. 2 Squared Squares Smiths Shop 8 9 1 Blue casting Pot 9½ 1 Crucible 4 6 Leath. Drill strings 3 2 6 Drill Boxes 6 1 Stock Lock 2 11 Iron Ware Carr. Over £ 11 5½ Carried Over £ 100 6 10 | The storekeeper next listed the stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1770 and charged to the general expenses account. Sugar candy for the groom, the gardener and the doctor's shop, 92 lb, £1 18s 4d Bohea tea for the same, 6 lb, £0 4s 3d Arrack for men employed in the stores and the doctor's shop, 98 gallons, £14 9s 10d Candles for the Castle, 288 lb Candles for the Council, 110 lb Candles for the chaplain, 30 lb Candles for the doctor's shop, 25 lb Total for candles, 453 lb, £51 19s 10d Corks for the Castle, 12 gross, £1 5s 3d Coals for the smiths' shop, 100 bushels, £5 19s 2d Cordage for the crane and the slaughterhouse, 532 lb, £8 6s 3d Starch for the linen, 14 lb, £0 8s 2d Chelloes for rubbing cloths, 4 pieces, £1 14s 6d Soap for the linen, 100 lb, £2 18s 4d Iron for the smiths' shop, the crane and the slaughterhouse, 407 lb, £3 16s 4d Steel for the same, 64 lb, £1 1s 4d Blister steel for the same, 43 lb, £0 16s 0d Total for iron and steel, £5 13s 8d Indigo for the linen, 8 lb, £0 13s 10d Blue smalts for the linen, 10 lb, £0 15s 3½d Whiting for cleaning plate, 14 lb, £0 0s 7½d Total for paint, £1 9s 9d English canvas for the Castle, 6½ yards, £0 8s 5d Osnaburg canvas for packets, 2½ yards, £0 2s 0d Total for canvas, £0 10s 5d Twopenny nails for the stores, the slaughterhouse and the carpenters' shop, 12 lb, £0 10s 6d Threepenny nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d Sixpenny nails for the same, 12 lb, £0 6s 9d Tenpenny nails for the same, 48 lb, £1 2s 0d Twentypenny nails for the same, 8 lb, £0 3s 6d Fortypenny nails for the same, 24 lb, £0 10s 6d Copper rivets for the same, 8, £0 4s 4d Total for nails, £2 19s 1d Figured squares for the smiths' shop, 2, £0 8s 9d Blue casting pot for the same, 1, £0 0s 9½d Crucible for the same, 1, £0 0s 4d Leather drill strings for the same, 6, £0 3s 2d Drill boxes for the same, 6, £0 0s 6d Stock lock, 1, £0 2s 11d Ironware carried forward, £0 11s 5½d Carried forward, £100 6s 10d Interpretations The arrack for the men in the stores fell from 213¼ gallons in the spring to 98 gallons. Few ships called in the winter quarter, so fewer casks and bales had to be hauled from the landing, and the daily dram paid to the porters fell with the work. The candles for the Castle and the Council stayed almost unchanged, because the government's evening business went on whatever the season. Blister steel was made by heating bars of wrought iron packed in charcoal for days until the surface absorbed carbon. The bars came out covered in blisters, which gave the steel its name. It was the raw steel of the period, welded by smiths onto the edges of tools. With the new slaughterhouse built and the crane at the landing working hard, the smiths' shop needed both iron and steel to keep their fittings and the quarrymen's tools in repair. | |
412 | 15th October Brought Over £ 100 6 10 Iron Ware Brought Over £ 11 5½ 30 Rod Iron Smiths Shop 6 3 18 Sheets Emery Paper 1 11 1 Flour Emery 1 9 5 Mouse Traps Castle 2 9¾ 1 Spring Rat do. 1 6 1 Blank Key Store use 7½ 6 Masons ham. Helves Slaughter House 2 14 Pickaxes 2 19 4 Ash Helves 8 2 7 Iron Shovels 1 13 10 7 Bricklayers Trowels 9 6 1 Pr. Steel Compasses Carpt. Shop 5 1 Large Brass Borer 6 7 1 Coopers Spoke Shave Coopers Shop 2 1 Coopers Ax 4 1 Pinot making Ladle Smiths Shop 4 5 24 Files 10 6 6 Rubber do. 1 17 1 Axletree & Winch 4 3 1 Large Frying Pan Castle 4 1 1 Small do. do. 2 1 11 2 Deals vizt. 5½ Ps. Riga Timber for raising Stones at the Crane and for the Slaughter House 12 8 4½ Ps. Oak Plank 8 8 5 Double Deals 16 11¾ 120 Single do. 11 15 9 Coffins 1 9 3¼ 3 Baulks 1 6 6 35 16 5 Oil vizt. 3 Bottl. Florence Smiths Shop, Store Use, Castle and Lt. Govr. House 7 11½ 18½ Gal. Train 3 2 4 do. Oil Olives 1 7 8 ½ do. Oil Turpentine 2 8¾ 4 18 6 Haberdashery vizt. 9 Sk. Silk Castle 4 6 1 Ps. Tape 7 5 1 Sailors Cloaths 1 Grooms Waistcoat 4 5 Bunting 2 Yds. Blue Castle 1 2 Turners Ware vizt. 6 Punch Ladles Castle 3 6 2 Hair Brooms 4 7½ 12 Mops 15 Turners Ware Carr. over £ 1 3 1½ Carr. over £ 152 12 7 | The general expenses account continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £100 6s 10d Ironware brought forward, £0 11s 5½d Rod iron for the smiths' shop, 30 lb, £0 6s 3d Emery paper for the same, 18 sheets, £0 1s 11d Flour of emery for the same, 1 lb, £0 1s 9d Mousetraps for the Castle, 5, £0 2s 9¾d Spring rat trap for the same, 1, £0 1s 6d Blank key for the stores, 1, £0 0s 7½d Masons' hammer handles for the slaughterhouse, 6, £0 2s 0d Pickaxes for the same, 14, £2 10s 0d Axe handles for the same, 4, £0 2s 2d Iron shovels for the same, 7, £1 13s 10d Bricklayers' trowels for the same, 7, £0 9s 6d Steel compasses for the carpenters' shop, 1 pair, £0 0s 5d Large borer for the coopers' shop, 1, £0 6s 7d Cooper's spokeshave for the same, 1, £0 2s 0d Cooper's axe for the same, 1, £0 4s 0d Lead-melting ladle for the smiths' shop, 1, £0 4s 5d Files for the same, 24, £0 10s 6d Rubber files for the same, 6, £1 17s 0d Axletree and winch for the same, 1, £0 4s 3d Large frying pan for the Castle, 1, £0 4s 1d Small frying pan for the same, 1, £0 2s 1d Total for ironware, £11 0s 2d Riga timber for covering the stores at the crane and for the slaughterhouse, 5½ pieces, £12 8s 0d Oak plank for the same, 6½ pieces, £8 8s 0d Double deals for the same, 5, £0 16s 11¾d Single deals for the same, 120, £11 15s 0d [...] for the same, 9, £1 9s 3¾d Baulks of timber for the same, 3, £1 6s 6d Total for deals, £35 16s 5d Florence oil for the smiths' shop, the stores, the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 3 bottles, £0 7s 11½d Train oil for the same, 18½ gallons, £3 0s 2d Olive oil for the same, 4 bottles, £1 7s 8d Oil of turpentine for the same, ½ gallon, £0 2s 8¾d Total for oils, £4 18s 6d Sewing silk for the Castle, 9 skeins, £0 4s 6d Tape for the same, 1 piece, £0 0s 7d Total for haberdashery, £0 5s 1d Groom's waistcoat, 1, £0 4s 5d Blue bunting for the Castle, 2 yards, £0 1s 2d Punch ladles for the Castle, 6, £0 3s 6d Hair brooms for the same, 2, £0 4s 7½d Mops for the same, 12, £0 15s 0d Turnery carried forward, £1 3s 1½d Carried forward, £152 12s 7d Interpretations The new slaughterhouse took most of the quarter's timber and tools under general expenses: 14 pickaxes, seven shovels, seven trowels and some 120 deals, with Riga timber and oak plank. The Council had ordered the old slaughterhouse moved on 18 June 1770 to clear the site granted for the school. Captain Tippet reported it finished on 7 October. The parish's school therefore cost the Company a new slaughterhouse as well as the deals and powder it gave the committee directly. The obvious course would have been to find the school another site. The Council judged the slaughterhouse ground the best available, and paid to rebuild elsewhere rather than refuse the parish. | |
413 | 1770 Brought Over £ 152 12 7 Turners Ware brought Over £ 1 3 1½ 4 Scrubbing Brushes Castle 10 3 6 Lab. Baskets Slaughter House 6 9 2 Plaistr. Brushes 1 10 2 Birch Brooms Smiths Shop 1 10½ 2 2 10 Scales & Weights 1 Pr. Store Use 4 6 Thread vizt. 2 oz. Nuns No. 36 Castle 4 2 1 Coloured 3 1½ 1 Whited Brown 6 9½ 14 1 Long Cloth 3 Ps. U. Castle 5 19 2 Cutlery Ware 24 Buck Combs do. 9 Lead vizt. 9 Shott Castle 1 8¼ 12 Sheet Lead Fishermen 2 2¾ 4 China Ware vizt. 24 Half Pt. Cups & Saucers Castle 12 2 12 Quart do. & do. 2 8 14 10 Braziers Ware vizt. ½ Brass for Soldering Smiths Shop 2 2 1 Large Brass Cock Store Use 3 5 5 7 Pewter vizt. 3 Basons Store Use 11 8 1 Crane 17 4 1 9 Twine 2 Sk. do. 1 1 Tin Ware vizt. 2 Glass Lanthorns Castle 16 4 2 do. Saucepans 1 1 Globe Lamp 8 7 5 Solder tinning Furniture 4 7 1 10 6 Grindstones 1 Smiths Shop 2 9 Blankets 6 Fine Castle 3 13 6 Ticking 15 Yds. do. 2 6 11 Hooks & Lines vizt. 125 No. 1 Hooks Castle, Lieu. Govr. Fishermen and Slaughter House 6 5 100 No. 11 do. 1 7 25 No. 12 do. 7 54 No. 2 Lines 15 9 2 Log do. 2 1 6 4 Carried Over £ 177 18 2 | The general expenses account continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £152 12s 7d Turnery brought forward, £1 3s 1½d Scrubbing brushes for the Castle, 4, £0 10s 3d Labourers' baskets for the slaughterhouse, 6, £0 6s 9d Plasterers' brushes for the same, 2, £0 1s 10d Birch brooms for the smiths' shop, 2, £0 0s 10½d Total for turnery, £2 2s 10d Scales and weights for the stores, 1 pair, £4 6s 0d Nuns' thread no. 36 for the Castle, 2 oz, £0 4s 2d Coloured thread for the same, 1 lb, £0 3s 1½d Whitened brown thread for the same, 1 lb, £0 6s 9½d Total for thread, £0 14s 1d Long cloth marked U for the Castle, 5 pieces, £5 19s 2d Buckling combs for the same, 24, £0 9s 0d Lead shot for the Castle, 9 lb, £0 1s 8¼d Sheet lead for the fishermen, 12 lb, £0 2s 2¾d Total for lead, £0 4s 0d China half-pint cups and saucers for the Castle, 24, £0 12s 2d China quarter-pint cups and saucers for the same, 12, £0 2s 8d Total for china, £0 14s 10d Brass for soldering in the smiths' shop, ½ lb, £0 2s 2d Large brass cock for the stores, 1, £0 3s 5d Total for brazier's goods, £0 5s 7d Pewter basins for the stores, 3, £0 11s 8d Pewter crane, 1, £0 17s 4d Total for pewter, £1 9s 0d Twine, 2 skeins, £0 1s 1d Glass lanterns for the Castle, 2, £0 16s 4d Saucepans for the same, 2, £0 1s 0d Globe lamp for the same, 1, £0 8s 7d Tinning the kitchen furniture, £0 4s 7d Total for tinware, £1 10s 6d Grindstone for the smiths' shop, 1, £0 2s 9d Fine blankets for the Castle, 6, £3 13s 6d Ticking for the same, 15 yards, £2 6s 11d No. 1 fish hooks for the Castle's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen and the slaughterhouse, 125, £0 6s 5d No. 11 fish hooks for the same, 100, £0 1s 7d No. 12 fish hooks for the same, 25, £0 0s 7d No. 2 fishing lines for the same, 54, £0 15s 9d Log lines for the same, 2, £0 2s 0d Total for hooks and lines, £1 6s 4d Carried forward, £177 18s 2d Interpretations The stores bought a new pair of scales and weights at £4 6s 0d, the dearest single item on the page. The bushel and peck measures replaced in the spring settled grain and salt. The scales settled everything sold by weight: sugar, rice, candles, tea and meat. Accurate weights protected the Company against loss and its buyers against short measure. They also gave James Powell's accounts a reliable footing when Matthew Purling counted the stock in September. A pewter crane was a siphon or tap for drawing liquor from a cask. Together with the large brass cock, it points to the stores drawing arrack and wine straight from the casks in the new cellar. | |
414 | 15th October Brought Over £ 177 18 2 Pitch & Tar vizt. 1 lb. Pitch Castle 1¼ 2 Rozin 3¾ 5 £ 177 18 7 Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30 September 1770 vizt. Glass Ware vizt. 6 Sq. Glass 10 by 12 Chaplain and Plantation House 6 6 42 do. 8 by 10 1 4 6 18 do. 6 by 8 6 9 1 17 9 Paint vizt. 40 Stone Colour do. and do. 1 10 48 White Lead mixed 18 7 Whiting 1 7 48 White Lead dry 16 4 oz. Prussian Blue 6 3 2 5 Oil 4½ Galls. Linseed Chaplains House 18 4 Nails vizt. lb. d. 9 3 Plantation House, Lieu. Govrs. do. and Chaplains 1 6 30 4 18 9 27 6 15 2¼ 8 10 3 8 4 20 1 7 12 40 5 3 6 Flooring Brads 3 1 Glazing do. 1 8¾ 2 10 8 Turners Ware vizt. 3 Paint Brushes Lt. Govr. House 1 4 3 Plaisterers do. 2 9 4 1 Lead 84 Sheet do. 15 9 Iron Ware vizt. 2 Rag Stones Lt. Govrs. House and Adjutants 8½ 1 Pad Lock 1 8¼ 4 Pr. H. L. Hinges 7 11 3 Blank Keys 1 10½ 15 Pr. Dovetail Hinges 9 1¾ 2 Cupboard Locks 5 8 1 Brass door do. to B. H. 7 6 1 14 6 Carried Over £ 11 3 6 | The general expenses account closed with pitch and rosin for the Castle. The repairs account followed. Brought forward, £177 18s 2d Pitch for the Castle, 1 lb, £0 0s 1¾d Rosin for the same, 2 lb, £0 0s 3¼d Total for pitch and tar, £0 0s 5d Total charged to general expenses, £177 18s 7d Repairs account, stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1770 Window glass for the chaplain's house and the plantation house, 6 panes 10 by 12 inches, £0 6s 6d Window glass for the same, 42 panes 8 by 10 inches, £1 4s 6d Window glass for the same, 18 panes 6 by 8 inches, £0 6s 9d Total for glass, £1 17s 9d Stone-coloured paint for the same, 40 lb, £1 0s 10d White lead, mixed, for the same, 48 lb, £0 18s 0d Whiting for the same, 7 lb, £0 1s 7d Dry white lead for the same, 48 lb, £0 16s 0d Prussian blue for the same, 4 oz, £0 6s 0d Total for paint, £3 2s 5d Linseed oil for the chaplain's house, 4½ gallons, £0 18s 4d Twopenny nails for the plantation house, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the chaplain's house, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d Fourpenny nails for the same, 30 lb, £0 18s 9d Sixpenny nails for the same, 27 lb, £0 15s 2¼d Tenpenny nails for the same, 8 lb, £0 3s 8d Twentypenny nails for the same, 4 lb, £0 1s 7d Fortypenny nails for the same, 12 lb, £0 5s 3d Flooring brads for the same, 6 lb, £0 3s 0d Glazing brads for the same, 1 lb, £0 1s 8¾d Total for nails, £2 10s 8d Paint brushes for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 3, £0 1s 4d Plasterers' brushes for the same, 3, £0 2s 9d Total for turnery, £0 4s 1d Sheet lead for the same, 84 lb, £0 15s 9d Rag stones for the Lieutenant Governor's house and the adjutant's house, 2, £0 0s 8½d Padlock for the same, 1, £0 1s 8¼d HL hinges for the same, 4 pairs, £0 7s 11d Blank keys for the same, 3, £0 1s 10½d Dovetail hinges for the same, 15 pairs, £0 9s 1¾d Cupboard locks for the same, 2, £0 5s 8d Brass door lock with brass handles for the same, 1, £0 7s 6d Total for ironware, £1 14s 6d Carried forward, £11 3s 6d Interpretations General expenses for the quarter came to £177 18s 7d, against £192 15s 7d in the spring quarter. Most of the charge in both quarters was candles and arrack. Repairs that quarter went mainly to the chaplain's house, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the plantation house. The chaplain's house was repainted throughout, with 136 lb of paint and over four gallons of linseed oil. William Bearcroft had lost his wife on 31 July and had taken up six acres of land in September. The Company was putting his house in order for a chaplain who meant to stay. | |
415 | 1770 Brought Over £ 11 3 6 Deals vizt. 5½ Ps. Riga Timber covering a Cellar in the Stores & the Lieu. Govr. House 12 7½ 3 Coffins 9 9 6 Double Deals 1 4½ 4 Single do. 7 10 13 18 7 Cordage 12 Lieu. Govr. House 3 9 £ 25 5 10 Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of July to the 30 Sept. 1770 vizt. Beef & Pork vizt. 43 Ps. Beef 7 15 42 Ps. Pork 5 12 13 7 Arrack 70 Gallons 11 2 Flour 1484 lb. 12 7 4 Rice 8 3 1 4 3 8 Sugar & Candy vizt. 536 Sugar 6 14 524 Candy 10 18 4 17 12 4 Salt 1½ Bushels 4 6 Pease ½ do. 2 5 Tea vizt. 6 Bohea 4 3 6 Single 8 1 12 4 Coffee 10 lb. 8 4 Pepper 10 lb. 5 £ 60 4 11 Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of July to the 30 September 1770 vizt. Oil vizt. 104 G. Train several Guards 16 18 1½ do. Linseed marking Blankets 6 1 17 4 1 Blankets 204 Ordy. new Compys. 39 10 Tea 61 Bohea Barrs. & Guards 2 5 3 Glass Ware vizt. 2 Hour Glasses Out Guards 1 4 32 Sq. Glass 6 by 8 Barracks 12 13 4 Carr. Over £ 79 12 8 | The repairs account closed with timber for the stores' cellar and the Lieutenant Governor's house. The diet expenses and garrison accounts followed. Brought forward, £11 3s 6d Riga timber for covering a cellar in the stores and for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 5½ pieces, £12 0s 7½d [...] for the same, 3, £0 9s 9d Double deals for the same, 6, £1 0s 4½d Single deals for the same, 4, £0 7s 10d Total for deals, £13 18s 7d Cordage for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 12 lb, £0 3s 9d Total charged to repairs, £25 5s 10d Diet expenses account, stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1770 Salt beef, 43 pieces, £7 15s 0d Salt pork, 42 pieces, £5 12s 0d Total for beef and pork, £13 7s 0d Arrack, 75 gallons, £11 2s 0d Flour, 1,484 lb, £12 7s 4d Rice, 8 cwt 3 qr 1 lb, £4 3s 8d Sugar, 536 lb, £6 14s 0d Sugar candy, 524 lb, £10 18s 4d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £17 12s 4d Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 4s 6d Pease, ¼ bushel, £0 2s 5d Bohea tea, 6 lb, £0 4s 3d Singlo tea, 6 lb, £0 8s 1d Total for tea, £0 12s 4d Coffee, 10 lb, £0 8s 4d Pepper, 10 lb, £0 5s 0d Total charged to diet expenses, £60 4s 11d Garrison account, stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1770 Train oil for the several guards, 104 gallons, £16 18s 0d Linseed oil for marking blankets, 1½ gallons, £0 6s 1d Total for oils, £17 4s 1d Ordinary blankets for the companies, 204, £39 10s 0d Bohea tea for the barracks and guards, 61 lb, £2 5s 3d Hourglasses for the outguards, 2, £0 1s 4d Window glass for the barracks, 32 panes 6 by 8 inches, £0 12s 0d Total for glass, £0 13s 4d Carried forward, £79 12s 8d Interpretations The garrison was issued 204 new blankets in the quarter, against 101 in the spring. Most went to the companies at the start of the southern winter, when the barracks and the outlying guard posts were cold and damp. Many of the men had come out with the May draft and had only what the Company gave them. The linseed oil issued at the same time was used to paint each blanket with the Company's mark, so that none could be sold to a settler or a sailor and claimed again. The diet account fell slightly, from £72 2s 10d to £60 4s 11d, as fewer guests came to the Castle in the quiet months. | |
416 | 15th October Brought Over £ 79 12 8 Haberdashery 15½ Gro. narrow worsted Lace for Lacing Waistcoats 6 13 6 Beef & Pork vizt. 2 Ps. Beef 7 2 158 Ps. Pork for an Invalid and differ. in weight in serving the Garrison 21 1 4 21 8 6 Candles 25 Officers on Duty 2 17 4 Soldiers Cloaths vizt. 1 Sergt. Coat & Breeches for a Sergt. 5 4 6 11 Watch Coats Out and Main Guards 8 19 6 4 Matrosses Coats 6 Pr. Matrosses Breeches for ye. Artil. Company 9 14 6 3 Sold. Coats & Breeches for recruits 4 7 2 28 5 8 Thread 2½ Whited Brown Lacing Waistcoats 17 Hats 1 Mans fine for a Sergeant 17 6 Iron Pots 3 Wt. 193 lb. Sevl. Guards 1 17 1 Iron Ware vizt. 10 Large Frying Pans Main, Out Guards and Barracks 2 5 10 26 Hand Hatchets 2 13 10½ 2 Wood Axes 5 8 22 Small Frying Pans 2 10 11 2 Ash Helves 1 2½ 7 17 5 Turners Ware vizt. 37 Wood Bowls do. 3 1 60 Platters 3 12 6 2 Birch Brooms 10 6 13 11 Tin Ware 34 Lamps do. 1 8 4 Deals vizt. 6 Double Cots & Coffins 1 4 6 Single 11 9 1 12 1 Canvas 1 Ps. English for Cotts 2 10 5 Twine 1 Skain 6 Nails vizt. 6 3 Cots and Coffins 5 1½ 4 4 2 6 4 6 2 3½ 9 11 Shoes 3 Pr. Mens Ordy. Recruits 13 9 Shirts 3 Soldiers do. 13 6 Hosiers Ware 3 Pr. Ordy. Thd. Stockgs. do. 8 10 Lines 6 No. 2 for whips 1 9 Paint vizt. 1 White Lead mixed for markg. Blankets 4½ ¼ Verdigrease 1 1½ 1 6 £ 165 1 2 | The garrison account closed with the following stores, carried on from the total of £79 12s 8d brought forward. Brought forward, £79 12s 8d Narrow worsted lace for lacing waistcoats, 15½ gross, £6 13s 6d Salt beef, 2 pieces, £0 7s 2d Salt pork for an invalid and to make up short weight in the garrison's issue, 158 pieces, £21 1s 4d Total for beef and pork, £21 8s 6d Candles for the officers on duty, 25 lb, £2 17s 4d Sergeant's coat and breeches for a sergeant, 1 suit, £5 4s 6d Watch coats for the outguards and the main guard, 11, £8 19s 6d Matrosses' coats, 4, and matrosses' breeches, 6 pairs, for part of the Artillery Company, £9 14s 6d Old coats and breeches for recruits, 3 suits, £4 7s 2d Total for soldiers' clothing, £28 5s 8d Whitened brown thread for lacing waistcoats, 2½ lb, £0 17s 0d Man's fine hat for a sergeant, 1, £0 17s 6d Iron pots weighing 193 lb for the guards, 5, £1 17s 1d Large frying pans for the outguards and the barracks, 10, £2 5s 10d Hand hatchets for the same, 26, £2 13s 10½d Wood axes for the same, 2, £0 5s 8d Small frying pans for the same, 22, £2 10s 11d Axe handles for the same, 2, £0 1s 2½d Total for ironware, £7 17s 5d Wooden bowls for the same, 57, £3 0s 7d Platters for the same, 60, £3 12s 6d Birch brooms for the same, 2, £0 0s 10d Total for turnery, £6 13s 11d Lamps for the same, 24, £1 8s 4d Double deals for cots and coffins, 6, £1 0s 4d Single deals for the same, 6, £0 11s 9d Total for deals, £1 12s 1d English canvas for cots, 1 piece, £2 10s 5d Twine for the same, 1 skein, £0 0s 6d Threepenny nails for cots and coffins, 6 lb, £0 5s 1½d Fourpenny nails for the same, 4 lb, £0 2s 6d Sixpenny nails for the same, 4 lb, £0 2s 3½d Total for nails, £0 9s 11d Men's ordinary shoes for recruits, 3 pairs, £0 13s 9d Shirts for soldiers, 3, £0 13s 6d Hair stocks, 3, £0 8s 10d No. 2 lines for whips, 6, £0 1s 9d White lead, mixed, for marking blankets, 1 lb, £0 0s 4½d Verdigris for the same, ¼ lb, £0 1s 1½d Total for paint, £0 1s 6d Total charged to the garrison, £165 1s 2d Interpretations The garrison was re-equipped for its outguards that winter. Eleven watch coats, 26 hatchets, 32 frying pans, five iron pots, 57 bowls, 60 platters and 24 lamps were issued to the guard posts and barracks. That was a full set of cooking and living gear for many small detachments. The outguards were the posts on the high ground and at the landing places around the coast, where small parties of men lived for days at a time. Fitting them out together suggests that more posts were being manned after the escape of 28 July 1770. Some of the new watch probably covered the beaches and landing places from which boats could be launched. The three suits of old coats and breeches for recruits were second-hand clothing issued to the few men enlisted singly since the spring. These included Thomas Hunt, John Lawson and Thomas Pendry, the sailor who swam ashore from the Dutch ship. New suits came only once a year with the annual issue. A man who joined between issues wore whatever the stores had left. | |
417 | 1770 Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30th September 1770 vizt. Tea 121 Bohea 4 5 9 Sugar 267 lb. 3 6 9 Rice 95 2 6 35 12 7 Beef & Pork vizt. 1068 Ps. Beef 192 9 3 549 Ps. Pork 73 4 265 13 3 Arrack 220 Gallons 33 18 4 Sope 10 Lieu. Govr. Servants 5 10 Cordage 14 Thatching Black House 4 5 Shoes vizt. 19 Pr. Womens Calf Leather Women 2 17 6 65 Pr. Mens Ordy. Artificers & Castle Servants 16 17 11 19 15 5 Hosiers Ware vizt. 11 Pr. Womens Stockings Women 2 17 9 28 do. Mens Ordy. Thread do. Castle Servants 4 2 3 7 2 Pepper 4 Lounge Blacks 1 2 Salt ⅝ Bushel do. 3 Iron Pots 1 Wt. 16 do. 7 4 Oil 2⅝ G. Train Sick Slaves 1 16 9 Lines 103 No. 3 do. in General 2 1 Canvas 21 Yds. English for aprons for the Artificers and for a Cot for a Slave 9 Nails 1 lb. 3d. for do. 8 Iron Ware vizt. 2 Small Frying Pans Black Lounge 2 2 2 Stock Locks 5 10 1 1 Turners Ware 1 Wood Bowl Sick Slaves 3 9 Haberdashery vizt. ¼ Gro. narrow worsted Lace Castle Servants 3 1 ¼ do. Shirt Buttons 8 2 9 2 Shalloon 20 Yds. Scarlet do. 13 2 Long Cloth ½ Ps. No. 9 Lying in Women £ 378 8 7 Mallays Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30th Sept. 1770 vizt. Broad Cloth vizt. 6¼ Yds. Blue 5 12 6 4 do. Scarlet 4 9 12 6 Carried Over £ 9 12 6 | The storekeeper next listed the stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1770 and charged to the account of the Company's slaves. The account of the Malays followed. Bohea tea, 121 lb, £4 5s 9d Sugar, 267 lb, £3 6s 9d Rice, 82 cwt [...] 6 lb, £35 12s 7d Salt beef, 1,068 pieces, £192 9s 3d Salt pork, 549 pieces, £73 4s 0d Total for beef and pork, £265 13s 3d Arrack, 230 gallons, £33 18s 4d Soap for the Lieutenant Governor's servants, 10 lb, £0 5s 10d Cordage for thatching the slaves' house, 14 lb, £0 4s 5d Women's calf leather shoes for the women, 19 pairs, £2 17s 6d Men's ordinary shoes for the artificers and the Castle servants, 65 pairs, £16 17s 11d Total for shoes, £19 15s 5d Women's stockings for the women, 11 pairs, £2 17s 9d Men's ordinary thread stockings for the artificers and the Castle servants, 28 pairs, £4 2s 3d Total for hosiery, £7 0s 0d Pepper for the Angola slaves, 4 lb, £0 2s 0d Salt for the same, ⅝ bushel, £0 1s 2d Iron pot weighing 16 lb for the same, 1, £0 3s 0d Train oil for the sick slaves, 2¼ gallons, £0 7s 4d No. 3 lines for general use, 108, £1 16s 9d English canvas for aprons for the artificers and for a cot for a slave, 21 yards, £2 0s 1d Threepenny nails for the same, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d Small frying pans for the Black Square, 2, £0 2s 2d Stock locks for the same, 2, £0 5s 10d Total for ironware, £0 8s 0d Wooden bowl for the sick slaves, 1, £0 1s 1d Narrow worsted lace for the Castle servants, ½ gross, £0 3s 1d Breast buttons for the same, ½ dozen, £0 0s 8d Total for haberdashery, £0 3s 9d Scarlet shalloon for the same, 20 yards, £2 9s 2d Long cloth no. 9 for women lying in, ½ piece, £0 13s 2d Total charged to the Company's slaves, £378 8s 7d Account of the Malays, stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1770 Blue broadcloth, 6½ yards, £5 12s 6d Scarlet broadcloth, 4 yards, £4 0s 0d Total for broadcloth, £9 12s 6d Carried forward, £9 12s 6d Interpretations The slaves' account shows a working hierarchy. Skilled slave artificers, the masons, smiths and carpenters on the Company's works, received shoes, stockings and canvas aprons alongside the Castle servants. That was the same issue as the Governor's household, and far better than the slops given to the field gangs in the spring. The Company protected the hands and feet of men whose skills it relied on for the barracks and the batteries. The Malays, by contrast, were issued broadcloth, the cloth of officers' coats, at nearly £10 for the quarter. That confirms their standing above the African slaves in the Black Square. The half piece of long cloth for women lying in was cloth for childbirth: wrappings, swaddling and bedding for slave women about to give birth. The plantation account recorded Nanny born that quarter and Jacob and Tilla in the one before. Each birth added to the Company's labour force, and the cloth was a small cost set against that gain. | |
418 | 15th October Brought Over £ 9 12 6 Thread vizt. 2 Whited Brown 13 7 4 Coloured 12 6 4 oz. Nuns No. 36 8 4 1 14 5 Long Cloth vizt. 1 Ps. D. 4 4 6 2 Ps. Bought 3 7 4 6 Hosiers Ware 8 Pr. Mens Wool Stockings 1 8 8 Blankets 2 fine 1 1 Turners Ware 2 Shoe Brushes 1 7 Tin Ware vizt. 2 Quart Saucepans 11 1 Gall. do. with a Cover 1 10 2 9 Hooks & Lines vizt. 25 No. 1 Hooks 1 3½ 29 No. 9 do. 8¾ 12 do. 2 Lines 3 6 1 Hambro do. 1 6½ 7 1 Lead 6 Sheet 1 2 Iron Pots 1 Wt. 20 lb. 3 9 Pewter 2 Chamber Pots 5 10 Braziers Ware 1 Mouse Pd. Tea Kettle 12 4 Glass Ware vizt. 12 Wine Glasses 5 2 4 Beer do. 3 6 8 8 Shalloon vizt. 6 Yds. Scarlet 15 9 6 do. Coloured 10 9 1 6 6 China Ware vizt. 12 Octagon Soup Plates 5 10 12 Sneekers 4 4 Bowls 4 8 2 Octagon Meat Dishes 4 5 2 Soup do. 11 10 2 Tea Pots 2 1 12 9 Haberdashery vizt. 12 Sk. Silk 6 12 do. Mohair 5 6 doz. Mohr. Ct. Buttons 4 3 do. do. Bt. do. 2 8 17 8 Carried Over £ 26 11 2 | The account of the Malays continued from the total of £9 12s 6d brought forward. Brought forward, £9 12s 6d Whitened brown thread, 2 lb, £0 13s 7d Coloured thread, 4 lb, £0 12s 6d Nuns' thread no. 36, 4 oz, £0 8s 4d Total for thread, £1 14s 5d Long cloth marked D, 1 piece, £4 4s 6d Long cloth, bought, 2 pieces, £3 0s 0d Total for long cloth, £7 4s 6d Men's woollen stockings, 8 pairs, £1 8s 8d Fine blankets, 2, £1 1s 0d Shoe brushes, 2, £0 1s 7d Quart saucepans, 2, £0 0s 11d One-gallon saucepan with a cover, 1, £0 1s 10d Total for tinware, £0 2s 9d No. 1 fish hooks, 25, £0 1s 3½d No. 9 fish hooks, 29, £0 0s 8¾d No. 2 lines, 12, £0 3s 6d Hambro line, 1, £0 1s 6½d Total for hooks and lines, £0 7s 1d Sheet lead, 6 lb, £0 1s 2d Iron pot weighing 20 lb, 1, £0 3s 9d Pewter chamber pots, 2, £0 5s 10d Brass tea kettle, 1, £0 12s 4d Wine glasses, 12, £0 5s 2d Beer glasses, 4, £0 3s 6d Total for glass, £0 8s 8d Scarlet shalloon, 6 yards, £0 15s 9d Coloured shalloon, 6 yards, £0 10s 9d Total for shalloon, £1 6s 6d China octagonal soup plates, 12, £0 5s 10d China sneakers, 12, £0 4s 0d China bowls, 4, £0 4s 8d China octagonal meat dishes, 2, £0 4s 5d China soup dishes, 2, £0 11s 10d China teapots, 2, £0 2s 0d Total for china, £1 12s 9d Sewing silk, 12 skeins, £0 6s 0d Mohair thread, 12 skeins, £0 5s 0d Mohair coat buttons, 6 dozen, £0 4s 0d Mohair breast buttons, 3 dozen, £0 2s 8d Total for haberdashery, £0 17s 8d Carried forward, £26 11s 2d Interpretations The Malays' account was more than double its usual size that quarter, at over £26 against about £11 in the two quarters before. The goods were not rations. They were the makings of a respectable household: broadcloth and shalloon for coats, a tea kettle, wine and beer glasses, china soup plates, teapots and meat dishes. These were probably for Noqueda Soocolum and Massapunge, the two headmen paid an allowance and house rent by the Company. Furnishing their houses and dressing them in broadcloth marked them out as men of rank among the island's eastern workers. The Company paid for their standing as it paid for the Castle servants' livery. It kept the Malays' leaders attached to the Company and set them visibly apart from the slaves in the Black Square. | |
419 | 1770 Brought Over £ 26 11 2 Buckram 2 Yards 1 8 Arrack 9 Gallons 1 13 11 Sugar 60 lb. 15 Rice 1 0 24 1 8 Flour 24 lb. 4 Salt ½ Bushel 1 6 Pepper 4 lb. 2 Coffee 4 lb. 3 4 Candles 18 lb. 2 1 3 Sope 12 lb. 7 Tea vizt. 2 Single 2 9 6 Bohea 4 3 7 Oil 2 Bottles Florence 5 4 Beef 17 Pieces 3 1 3 Paint 2 Indico 3 6 Shoes 4 Pr. Mens fine 1 2 Iron Ware 1 Large Frying Pan 4 2 £ 38 14 9 Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30 Sept. 1770 Rice and Paddy vizt. 4 2 24 Rice Poultry, Horses & Overseers 2 4 10 45 3 Paddy 9 14 3 11 19 1 Lines 12 No. 4 4 6 Beef 9 Pieces Overseers & Steward 1 12 5 Tin Ware 5 Watering Pots Gardens 19 2 Cordage 19 for the Cattle 5 11 Iron Ware vizt. 2 Curry Combs & Brushes Stable 3 7 2 Sheets Emery Paper 3 6 Spades Plantations 1 2 6 4 Pick Axes 14 1 Ditching Shovel 1 8 4 Ash Helves 2 4 1 Garden rake Gardens 2 3¾ 3 do. Hoes 3 10½ 3 Helves for do. 1 11½ 29 Rod Iron 5 5½ 1 Pad Lock Stable 1 8½ 1 Wire Rat Trap Long Wood 6 Iron Ware Carr. over £ 3 5 7½ Carr. Over £ 15 1 1 | The account of the Malays closed with the following items, carried on from the total of £26 11s 2d brought forward. The plantation account followed. Brought forward, £26 11s 2d Buckram, 2 yards, £0 1s 8d Arrack, 9 gallons, £1 13s 11d Sugar, 60 lb, £0 15s 0d Rice, 1 cwt 0 qr 24 lb, £1 0s 8d Flour, 24 lb, £0 4s 0d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 6d Pepper, 4 lb, £0 2s 0d Coffee, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d Candles, 18 lb, £2 1s 3d Soap, 12 lb, £0 7s 0d Singlo tea, 2 lb, £0 2s 9d Bohea tea, 6 lb, £0 4s 3d Total for tea, £0 7s 0d Florence oil, 2 bottles, £0 5s 4d Salt beef, 17 pieces, £3 1s 3d Indigo, 2 lb, £0 3s 6d Men's fine shoes, 4 pairs, £1 2s 0d Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 2d Total charged to the Malays, £38 14s 9d Plantation account, stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1770 Rice for the poultry, the horses and the overseers, 4 cwt 2 qr 24 lb, £2 4s 10d Paddy for the same, 45 cwt 3 qr, £9 14s 3d Total for rice and paddy, £11 19s 1d No. 4 lines, 12, £0 4s 6d Salt beef for the overseers and the steward, 9 pieces, £1 12s 5d Watering pots for the gardens, 5, £0 19s 2d Cordage for the cattle, 9 lb, £0 5s 11d Curry combs and brushes for the stable, 2, £0 3s 7d Emery paper for the same, 2 sheets, £0 0s 3d Spades for the plantations, 6, £1 2s 6d Pickaxes for the same, 4, £0 14s 0d Trowel for the same, 1, £0 1s 8d Axe handles for the same, 4, £0 2s 4d Garden rake for the gardens, 1, £0 2s 5½d Garden hoes for the same, 3, £0 3s 10½d Hoe handles for the same, 3, £0 1s 11½d Rod iron, 29 lb, £0 5s 5½d Padlock for the stable, 1, £0 1s 8½d Wire rat trap for Longwood, 1, £0 0s 6d Ironware carried forward, £3 5s 7½d Carried forward, £15 1s 1d Interpretations The Malays' account reached £38 14s 9d for the quarter, more than three times the usual £11. The rations carried on as before: arrack, rice, sugar, coffee and candles. The extra cost came from the furnishings, clothing and four pairs of fine shoes on the previous page. The plantation fed far more paddy than in the spring, over 45 cwt against about 29 cwt. With the pastures bare in winter, the horses and poultry relied more on imported grain. The cheaper Madras and Bombay paddy landed in August made that affordable. | |
420 | 15th October Brought Over £ 15 1 1 Iron Ware Bro. Over £ 3 5 7½ 1 Spring Rat Trap Longwood 1 6½ 2 Sythe Stones Bush Cutters 5 1 Joiners Rubstone 2 9 3 10 4 Turners Ware vizt. 3 Ox Bows Carts 3 6 1 Yoke for Oxen 13 6 1 Platter 1 2½ 6 Birch Brooms Stables 2 6 2 Wood Bowls 2 1½ 1 Labourers Basket 1 2 1 4 Cuttlery Ware vizt. 1 Case Fleams Stables & Bush cutters 3 9 2 Shoe Knives 10½ 2 Horse Combs 6½ 5 2 Cart Wheels 1 Wheel Barrows Gardens 3 1 8 Iron 66 for Pasture Gates 12 5 Oil ½ G. Train Stables 10 Deals vizt. 1 Coffin Plant. House 3 3 2 Ps. Oak Plank for Pasture Gates 3 14 8 1 Ps. Elm do. for the Carts 1 13 10 5 11 9 £ 29 7 3 Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30 Sept. 1770 vizt. Sugar 245 lb. 3 1 3 Flour 245 lb. 2 10 Rice 2 3 27 1 5 9 Tea 27 Bohea 19 2 Salt 1⅛ Bushels 3 5 Oil 9 G. Train 1 9 3 Canvas 24 Yds. English 1 11 Nails 8 lb. 3d. 6 Twine 2 Sk. 1 1 Iron 75 lb. 14 1 China Ware 24 Sneekers 8 Pewter 4 Close Stool Pans 1 2 2 Tin Ware 6 Lamps 5 Turners Ware vizt. 7 Wood Bowls 7 5½ 8 Platters 9 8 Turners Ware Carr. over £ 17 1½ Carried Over £ 13 7 | The plantation account closed with the following items, carried on from the totals brought forward. The hospital account followed. Brought forward, £15 1s 1d Ironware brought forward, £3 5s 7½d Spring rat trap for Longwood, 1, £0 1s 6½d Scythe stones for the bush cutters, 2, £0 0s 5d Joiner's rubstone for the same, 1, £0 2s 9d Total for ironware, £3 10s 4d Ox bows for the carts, 3, £0 3s 6d Ox yoke for the same, 1, £0 13s 6d Platter, 1, £0 1s 2½d Birch brooms for the stables, 6, £0 2s 6d Wooden bowls for the same, 2, £0 2s 1½d Labourer's basket for the same, 1, £0 1s 2d Total for turnery, £1 4s 0d Case of fleams for the stables and the bush cutters, 1, £0 3s 9d Shoe knives for the same, 2, £0 0s 10½d Horse combs for the same, 2, £0 0s 6½d Total for cutlery, £0 5s 2d Cart wheels and wheelbarrows for the gardens, £3 1s 8d Iron for the pasture gates, 66 lb, £0 12s 5d Train oil for the stables, ¼ gallon, £0 0s 10d [...] for the plantation house, 1, £0 3s 3d Oak plank for the pasture gates, 2 pieces, £3 14s 8d Elm plank for the carts, 1 piece, £1 13s 10d Total for deals, £5 11s 9d Total charged to the plantation, £29 7s 3d Hospital account, stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1770 Sugar, 245 lb, £3 1s 3d Flour, 245 lb, £2 0s 10d Rice, 2 cwt 0 qr 21 lb, £1 5s 9d Bohea tea, 27 lb, £0 19s 2d Salt, 1⅛ bushels, £0 3s 5d Train oil, 9 gallons, £1 9s 3d English canvas, 24 yards, £1 11s 0d Threepenny nails, 8 lb, £0 6s 0d Twine, 2 skeins, £0 1s 1d Iron, 75 lb, £0 14s 1d China sneakers, 24, £0 8s 0d Pewter close-stool pans, 4, £1 2s 2d Lamps, 6, £0 5s 0d Wooden bowls, 7, £0 7s 5½d Platters, 8, £0 9s 8d Turnery carried forward, £0 17s 1½d Carried forward, £13 7s 0d Interpretations The plantation now employed bush cutters, men who cleared scrub and invading bushes from the Company's pastures. Brambles and gorse had spread across the island's grazing land since the early settlers introduced them, choking the grass the cattle depended on. With the herd short of fodder and losing young stock through the winter, clearing the pastures was a direct way to feed more animals. Scythe stones and a rubstone kept their blades sharp. The fleams in the same issue show the cattle being bled for their ailments by the plantation's own hands. The hospital again drew equal weights of sugar, flour and rice, 245 lb of each, against 315 lb in the spring and 359 lb in the first quarter. The fixed sick-diet allowance made each total a count of patient-days. That suggests fewer men in the wards during the winter of 1770, even with the garrison's larger numbers. | |
421 | 1770 Brought Over £ 13 7 Turners Ware brought Over £ 17 1½ 1 Scrubbing Brush 2 5¼ 1 Hair Broom 2 3¾ 1 Mop 1 3½ 2 Birch Brooms 10½ 1 4 2 Iron Ware vizt. 1 Pint Iron Ladle 2 9 1 Wood Ax 2 10 1 Ash Helve 7 6 2 £ 14 17 4 Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30th Sept. 1770 vizt. Iron 348 lb. 3 5 3 Arrack 5½ G. Men Launch and haul up Long Boats 17 Paint vizt. 67 Brimstone 13 11½ 2 Barl. Blacking 1 7 4 Yell. Oaker dry 9 6 Red Lead 1 4½ 17 8 Cordage 876 lb. 13 11 Pitch & Tar vizt. 2 Bar. Pitch 2 4 8 2 do. Tar 2 4 143 Rozin 1 10 5 9 6 Oil vizt. 12 G. Train 1 19 2 do. Linseed 8 1 2 7 1 Nails vizt. lb. d. 14 3 11 11½ 18 4 11 3 18 6 10 1½ 20 10 9 2 6 40 2 9 2 5 3 Iron Ware vizt. 2 Hand Hatchets 3 4½ 12 Sail Needles 3½ 3 8 Deals vizt. 3 Wainscot Boards 1 13 3 Elm do. 1 Deals Carr. over £ 2 13 Carried Over £ 28 16 5 | The hospital account closed with the following items, carried on from the totals brought forward. The boats account followed. Brought forward, £13 7s 0d Turnery brought forward, £0 17s 1½d Scrubbing brush, 1, £0 2s 6¾d Hair broom, 1, £0 2s 3¾d Mop, 1, £0 1s 5½d Birch brooms, 2, £0 0s 10½d Total for turnery, £1 4s 2d Pint iron ladle, 1, £0 2s 9d Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 10d Axe handle, 1, £0 0s 7d Total for ironware, £0 6s 2d Total charged to the hospital, £14 17s 4d Boats account, stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1770 Iron, 348 lb, £3 5s 3d Arrack for the men launching and hauling up the longboats, 5⅝ gallons, £0 17s 0d Brimstone, 67 lb, £0 13s 11½d Barrel blacking, 2 lb, £0 1s 7d Dry yellow ochre, 4 lb, £0 0s 9d Red lead, 6 lb, £0 1s 4½d Total for paint, £0 17s 8d Cordage, 876 lb, £13 11s 0d Pitch, 2 barrels, £2 4s 8d Tar, 2 barrels, £2 4s 0d Rosin, 143 lb, £1 0s 10d Total for pitch and tar, £5 9s 6d Train oil, 12 gallons, £1 10s 0d Linseed oil, 2 gallons, £0 18s 1d Total for oils, £2 7s 1d Twopenny nails, 14 lb, £0 11s 11½d Fourpenny nails, 18 lb, £0 11s 3d Sixpenny nails, 18 lb, £0 10s 1½d Tenpenny nails, 20 lb, £0 9s 2d Fortypenny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 9d Total for nails, £2 5s 3d Hand hatchets, 2, £0 3s 4½d Sail needles, 12, £0 0s 3½d Total for ironware, £0 3s 8d Wainscot boards, 3, £1 13s 0d Elm boards, 3, £1 0s 0d Deals carried forward, £2 13s 0d Carried forward, £28 16s 5d Interpretations The boats drew far fewer stores in the winter quarter than in the spring, when they took £90 18s 9d for refitting after the losses of April and May. Even so, they used 876 lb of rope, more than the 872 lb of the first quarter of 1770. The longboat bought from Captain Mitchell on 6 August needed rigging and grapnel cables. The other longboat, whose rigging the deserters had cut on the night of 28 July, needed it replaced. Much of the quarter's rope went into repairing the damage that escape had done to the landing service. | |
422 | 15th October Brought Over £ 28 16 5 Deals brought Over £ 2 13 4 Single deals 7 10 6 Double do. 1 4½ 4 Baulks 1 15 10 ½ Ps. Riga Timber 1 1 10½ 1½ Ps. Oak Plank 2 16 7 Ps. Elm do. 11 16 10 21 11 9 Lead 4½ Sheet 11 Anchors 2 Grapnals 1 17 9 Turners Ware 4 Paint Brushes 2 Leather 24½ Sole 1 11 8 Iron Pots 1 Iron Kettle 1 16 1 Twine 19 Skains 9 11 Canvas 4 Ps. English 10 6 8 Blocks vizt. 3 Single of 3 Inches 5 5½ 2 do. with Brass Sheave 10 3½ 15 9 Tin Ware vizt. 2 Double Sheets Tin 1 4½ 2 Single do. do. 8½ 2 1 Oars 2 5 6 £ 67 16 6 Mundens Point Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30 September 1770 vizt. Cordage 27 lb. 7 6 Deals vizt. 6 Single 11 9 1½ Ps. Riga Timber 3 5 7½ 2½ Ps. Oak Plank 4 13 4½ 8 10 9 Iron 88 lb. 16 6 Iron Ware vizt. 1 Pr. H. L. Hinges 1 11¼ 1 Cupd. Lock 2 10½ 6 Masons ham. Helves 1 9 3 Plaistr. Trowels 5 58 Rod Iron 11 1 1 Dragons Blood 11 36 File Hafts 2 3 1 Iron Rubbish Riddle 7 35 Plate Iron 3 6 6 4 19 4 Arrack 4 Gallons 12 4 Carr. Over | The boats account closed with the following items, carried on from the totals brought forward. The account for Munden's Point followed. Brought forward, £28 16s 5d Deals brought forward, £2 13s 0d Single deals, 4, £0 7s 10d Double deals, 6, £1 0s 4½d Baulks of timber, 4, £1 15s 10d Riga timber, ½ piece, £1 1s 10½d Oak plank, 1½ pieces, £2 16s 0d Elm plank, 7 pieces, £11 16s 10d Total for deals, £21 11s 9d Sheet lead, 4½ lb, £0 0s 11d Grapnels, 2, £1 17s 9d Paint brushes, 4, £0 2s 0d Sole leather, 24½ lb, £1 11s 8d Iron kettle, 1, £1 16s 1d Twine, 19 skeins, £0 9s 11d English canvas, 4 pieces, £10 6s 8d Single blocks of 3 inches, 3, £0 5s 5½d Double blocks with brass sheaves, 2, £0 10s 3¾d Total for blocks, £0 15s 9d Double sheets of tin, 2, £0 1s 4½d Single sheets of tin, 2, £0 0s 8½d Total for tinware, £0 2s 1d Oars, 2, £0 5s 6d Total charged to the boats, £67 16s 6d Account for Munden's Point, stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1770 Cordage, 27 lb, £0 7s 6d Single deals, 6, £0 11s 9d Riga timber, 1¾ pieces, £3 5s 7½d Oak plank, 2½ pieces, £4 13s 4½d Total for deals, £8 10s 9d Iron, 88 lb, £0 16s 6d HL hinges, 1 pair, £0 1s 11¾d Cupboard lock, 1, £0 2s 10¼d Masons' hammer handles, 6, £0 1s 9d Plasterers' trowels, 3, £0 5s 0d Rod iron, 38 lb, £0 11s 1d Dragon's blood, 1 [...], £0 [...] [...], 36, £0 0s 11d Iron rubbish riddle, 1, £0 2s 3d Plate iron, 35 lb, £3 6s 6d Total for ironware, £4 19s 4d Arrack, 4 gallons, £0 12s 4d Interpretations The boats took seven pieces of elm plank in the winter quarter, worth nearly £12. Elm stayed sound when kept constantly wet, so it was used for the planking of boats below the waterline. With two new grapnels, four pieces of sail canvas and new blocks, the stores show the landing service rebuilding its boats after the losses of the year. In the spring the Company had bought whole boats from passing commanders. In the winter, with no ships to buy from, its own carpenters had to build and repair. Dragon's blood was a dark red resin from the fruit of certain East Indian palms and from the dragon tree of the Atlantic islands. It was dissolved in spirit to stain and varnish wood a deep red. At Munden's Point it was probably used to finish woodwork at the new battery, perhaps the doors of the magazine or the gun carriages' visible fittings. | |
423 | 1770 Brought Over Lines 12 No. 2 3 6 Tin Ware 2 watering Pots 7 8 Oil vizt. ½ G. Train 1 8 4 do. Linseed 16 2 ¼ do. Oil Turpentine 1 4 19 2 Paint vizt. 42 White Lead dry 12 6 1 oz. Prussian Blue 1 6 30 Stone Oaker mixed 15 8 1 9 8 Turners Ware vizt. 4 Paint Brushes 2 2 Plaistr. do. 1 10 3 10 Masts 2 Top Masts 11 Diam. 52 Long 6 1 £ 24 11 3 Barracks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st July to 30th Sept. 1770 vizt. Iron Ware vizt. 42 Rolled Iron 15 9 2 Mauls 19 2½ 19 Ash Helves 11 1 1 Plaistr. Trowel 1 8½ 2 7 9 Deals 6 Single 11 9 Tin Ware 1 Watering Pot 3 10 Turners Ware vizt. 12 Lab. Baskets 13 6 1 Plaistr. Brush 11 14 5 Iron 242 lb. 2 5 4 Canvas 1 Ps. English 2 11 8 Oil ½ G. Train 1 8 Nails vizt. 3 4 5 4 6 2 3 7 3 £ 9 3 8 Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30 Sept. 1770 vizt. Cordage 46 raising stones at Sandy Bay 14 5 Iron 242 Lime Kiln and Quarry 2 5 4 Carried Over £ 2 19 9 | The account for Munden's Point closed with the following stores. The accounts for the barracks and the fortifications followed. No. 2 lines, 12, £0 3s 6d Watering pots, 2, £0 7s 8d Train oil, ½ gallon, £0 1s 8d Linseed oil, 4 gallons, £0 16s 2d Oil of turpentine, ¼ gallon, £0 1s 4d Total for oils, £0 19s 2d Dry white lead, 92 lb, £0 12s 6d Prussian blue, 1 oz, £0 1s 6d Stone ochre, mixed, 30 lb, £0 15s 8d Total for paint, £1 9s 8d Paint brushes, 4, £0 2s 0d Plasterers' brushes, 2, £0 1s 10d Total for turnery, £0 3s 10d Topmasts, 11 inches in diameter and 5[...] feet long, 2, £6 1s 0d Total charged to Munden's Point, £24 11s 3d Account for the barracks, stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1770 Rolled iron, 52 lb, £0 15s 9d Mauls, 2, £0 19s 2½d Axe handles, 19, £0 11s 1d Plasterer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 8½d Total for ironware, £2 7s 9d Single deals, 6, £0 11s 9d Watering pot, 1, £0 3s 10d Labourers' baskets, 12, £0 13s 6d Plasterer's brush, 1, £0 0s 11d Total for turnery, £0 14s 5d Iron, 242 lb, £2 5s 4d English canvas, 1 piece, £2 11s 8d Oil of turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 1s 8d Fourpenny nails, 2 lb, £0 5s 0d Sixpenny nails, 4 lb, £0 2s 3d Total for nails, £0 7s 3d Total charged to the barracks, £9 3s 8d Account for the fortifications, stores issued from 1 July to 30 September 1770 Cordage for raising stones at Sandy Bay, 46 lb, £0 14s 5d Iron for the lime kiln and the quarry, 242 lb, £2 5s 4d Carried forward, £2 19s 9d Interpretations The two topmasts sent to Munden's Point were not for ships. A battery on a cliff above the road needed tall spars to raise its signal flags and colours where the Castle and ships at sea could see them. Two topmasts were probably joined to make a flagstaff, with the bunting issued in the spring flying from it. The barracks had its own account for the first time, with mauls, baskets and axe handles for clearing the ground. The work had barely begun, but the Council now tracked its cost separately from the old works. The cordage for raising stones at Sandy Bay shows work going on at the southern landing as well. Sandy Bay was one of the few places on the south coast where a boat could land, and the Council guarded it accordingly. | |
424 | 15th October Brought Over £ 2 19 9 Twine 18 Skains mending Lime Bags 9 5 Candles 1 lb. 2 4 Corks 12½ Gross Artill. use 7 1 Iron Ware vizt. 1 Pad Lock Lime Houses 1 8¾ 1 Stock do. 2 11 2 Ash Helves 1 2 6 Masons ham. do. Sandy Bay Quarry 1 9 1 Large Frying Pan 4 2¾ 2 Stone Saws 7 4 19 8 Deals vizt. 2 Ps. Elm Plank making & mending wheel and hand Barrows 3 7 8 3 Ps. Oak do. 8 2 2 Elm Boards 8 1 Coffin Quarry 3 3 12 11 Nails vizt. 10 3 making wheel Barrows 5 7½ 6 4 5 1 1 2 10½ 10 3 Oil vizt. 1 G. Train Quarry 3 3 1 Bt. Florence Artillry. use 2 8 5 11 Turners Ware vizt. 3 Lab. Baskets Quarry 3 4½ 4 Wood Bowls 4 3 3 Platters 3 7½ 6 Birch Brooms Artillry. use 2 6 13 9 Cuttlery Ware 1 Shoe Knife Artill. use 5 Coals 7 Chaldron 28 Bushl. burning Lime 112 13 4 £ 131 2 10 Errors Excepted (signed) James Powell Storekeeper St. Helena Sept. 30th 1770 | The account for the fortifications closed with the following stores, carried on from the total of £2 19s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £2 19s 9d Twine for mending lime bags, 18 skeins, £0 9s 5d Candles for the same, 1 lb, £0 2s 4d Corks for the artillery's use, 12½ [...], £0 7s 1d Padlock for the lime houses, 1, £0 1s 8¾d Stock lock for the same, 1, £0 2s 11d Axe handles for the Sandy Bay quarry, 2, £0 1s 2d Masons' hammer handles for the same, 6, £0 1s 9d Large frying pan for the same, 1, £0 4s 2¾d Stone saws for the same, 2, £0 7s 4d Total for ironware, £0 19s 8d Elm plank for making and mending wheelbarrows and hand barrows, 2 pieces, £3 7s 8d Oak plank for the same, 3 pieces, £3 2s 0d Elm boards for the same, 2, £0 8s 0d [...] for the quarry, 1, £0 3s 3d Total for deals, £7 0s 11d [...]penny nails for making wheelbarrows, 10 lb, £0 5s 7½d Fourpenny nails for the same, 6 lb, £0 3s 1d Twopenny nails for the same, 1 lb, £0 0s 10½d Total for nails, £0 10s 3d Train oil for the quarry, 1 gallon, £0 3s 3d Florence oil for the artillery's use, 1 bottle, £0 2s 8d Total for oils, £0 5s 11d Labourers' baskets for the quarry, 3, £0 3s 4½d Wooden bowls for the same, 4, £0 4s 3d Platters for the same, 3, £0 3s 7½d Birch brooms for the artillery's use, 6, £0 2s 6d Total for turnery, £0 13s 9d Shoe knife for the artillery's use, 1, £0 0s 5d Coals for burning lime, 7[...] chaldrons 28 bushels, £112 13s 4d Total charged to the fortifications, £131 2s 10d James Powell, the storekeeper, signed the accounts at St Helena on 30 September 1770, with errors excepted. An inventory followed. Interpretations Coal for the lime kilns was by far the largest cost on the fortifications account, at more than £112. Lime for mortar was made by burning shells or limestone in kilns. St Helena had little timber to spare as fuel, so the kilns burned coal shipped out from England. The barracks for 500 men would need a vast quantity of mortar. The Council was burning lime ahead of the masonry, stockpiling it in the lime house built in the spring, before the walls began to rise. A second quarry was now open at Sandy Bay, with its own saws, tools and gang. The Company was cutting stone on the south coast as well as in James's Valley. | |
425 | 1770 Inventory of Stores remaining in the Honble. Company's Ware Houses September 30 1770 Anchors vizt. 5 Anchors without weights 66 19 7 1 do. on the west Rocks 13 7 11 1 do. Wt. 33 2 6 56 6 7 1 do. Wt. 34 2 10 59 7 3 1 do. Wt. 33 3 37 13 1 4 Grapnals 3 7 8 10 Iron Hoops for Anchor Stocks 2 18 5 Anchor Stocks 16 Ft. Long 31 16 10 30 Tree Nails 7 8 292 4 7 Blankets vizt. 199 Ordy. 58 10 2 Fine Damaged 1 1 59 1 10 Bunting vizt. 17 9 Yds. Scarlet 2 do. Damaged 26 12 10 10 31 Blue 2 do. Damaged 13 7 9 9 27½ White 10 11 7 50 12 2 Buckram 58¾ Yards 2 9 Broad Cloth vizt. 97 Yds. Scarlet 3½ do. do. damaged 96 4 6 15 do. Blue 13 10 16½ do. Light Colour 10½ do. do. Damaged 22 10 32½ do. Black 26 4 1 19 do. Green 16 12 6 15⅞ do. Buff 1 do. do. Damaged 13 6 1 3½ do. Lead Colour 3 5 4½ do. Pompadore 4 6 5 22¼ do. Pea Green Gray 20 11 8 21¾ do. Dark French Gray 20 2 5 236 8 1 Braziers Ware vizt. 6 Skimmers @ 2/5½ 14 10½ 2 do. @ 14/ 1 8 8 1 Warming Pan 11 3 9 Stewpans with Covers 12 4 3 1 do. without do. 14 10 3 Large Brass Cocks 10 3 1 Pr. Candlesticks @ 8/10 8 10 Braziers Ware Carr. Over £ 16 12 6½ Carried Over £ 640 15 8 | The storekeeper's inventory of the stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1770 followed. Anchors without weights recorded, 5, £66 19s 7d Anchor on the west rocks, 1, £13 7s 11d Anchor weighing 33 cwt 2 qr 6 lb, 1, £56 6s 7d Anchor weighing 34 cwt 2 qr 10 lb, 1, £59 7s 3d Anchor weighing 33 cwt 3 qr, 1, £57 13s 1d Grapnels, 4, £3 7s 8d Iron hoops for anchor stocks, 10, £2 18s 0d Anchor stocks 16 feet long, 5, £31 16s 10d Treenails, 30, £0 7s 8d Total for anchors, £292 4s 7d Ordinary blankets, 199, £58 0s 10d Fine blankets, damaged, 2, £1 1s 0d Total for blankets, £59 1s 10d Scarlet bunting, 17 pieces 9 yards, with 2 yards damaged, £26 12s 10d Blue bunting, 10 pieces 31 yards, with 2 yards damaged, £13 7s 9d White bunting, 9 pieces 27½ yards, £10 11s 7d Total for bunting, £50 12s 2d Buckram, 58¾ yards, £2 9s 0d Scarlet broadcloth, 97 yards, with ¾ yard damaged, £96 4s 6d Blue broadcloth, 15 yards, £13 10s 0d Light-coloured broadcloth, 16½ yards, with 10½ yards damaged, £22 10s 0d Black broadcloth, 32½ yards, £26 4s 1d Grey broadcloth, 19 yards, £16 12s 6d Buff broadcloth, 15¾ yards, with 1 yard damaged, £13 6s 1d Lead-coloured broadcloth, 3½ yards, £3 0s 5d Pompadour broadcloth, 4½ yards, £4 6s 5d Brown grey broadcloth, 22⅝ yards, £20 11s 8d Dark French grey broadcloth, 21¾ yards, £20 2s 5d Total for broadcloth, £236 8s 1d Skimmers, 6, at 2s 5¾d each, £0 14s 10½d Skimmers, 2, £1 8s 8d Warming pan, 1, £0 11s 3d [...] pans with covers, 9, £12 4s 3d [...] pan without a cover, 1, £0 14s 10d Large brass cocks, 3, £0 10s 3d Candlesticks, 1 pair, at 8s 10d, £0 8s 10d Brazier's goods carried forward, £16 12s 6¾d Carried forward, £640 15s 8d Interpretations The anchors were the most valuable stores in the warehouse, worth nearly £300. They were not for sale. They secured the moorings in the road, where Company ships rode out the swell off James Town, and the spares replaced those lost when a cable parted. One anchor was listed as lying on the west rocks, either set there as a fixed mooring or lost and not yet recovered. Treenails were long wooden pegs used to fasten the stocks of the anchors and the planks of boats. The inventory gave Matthew Purling, appointed on 27 August 1770 to count the stores, a list against which to check every shelf. It also gave the Court a valuation of the island's stock as the new year's ships approached. | |
426 | 15th October Brought Over £ 640 15 8 Braziers Ware Bro. Over £ 16 12 10½ 4 Flat Candlesticks 1 9 1 Pr. Steel Snuffers 3 4 5 Brass Wire 15 4 Rollers for the Crane 4 10 7 ¼ Brass for Soldering 1 1 107 Copper Plate 7 18 2½ 2 Copper Bars 5 f. long @ 19/3 1 18 6 2 Large do. 3 do. @ 14/1½ 1 8 3 6 Tea Kettles of five Qts. 5 7½ 8 do. of three do. 4 18 8 2 Copper Pumps 2 8 10 97 Rolled Brass for Escutcheons 8 9½ 54 17 7 Books vizt. 21 Large Bibles 28 17 6 5 Small do. 18 6½ 7 Primmers 1 9 8 Horn Books 10 15 Common Prayer do. 3 14 4½ 33 13 Beef & Pork vizt. 149 Punch. Beef 4 Tierces 10 Ps. do. 2019 15 5 269 Hhds. Pork 1 Tierce 160 Ps. do. 2513 17 3 4533 12 8 Blocks vizt. 2 Iron bound Cat 12 10 4 do. Dead Eyes 2 13 1 1 Double long Tackle 4 9 13 do. with Brass Sheaves 3 4 2 3 do. of 8 Inches 14 6 7 9 4 Canvas vizt. 19 Ps. 28 Yds. English 50 17 4 Tecklenburgs 18 14 6 1 36 Osnabrigs 5 11 8 75 3 2 Copper Money 53960 half pence 112 8 4 Cordage vizt. 12 Cables 17 Inches 143 1 1 1 do. 9 do. 19 3 10 1 Cable 8 do. 6 1 18 12 Coils 4 do. 58 1 10 4 do. 3½ do. 16 3 1 11 do. 3½ do. 43 3 12 8 do. 3 do. 21 2 22 Cordage Carr. Over 310 18 Carr. over £ 5457 19 9 | The inventory continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £640 15s 8d Brazier's goods brought forward, £16 12s 10½d Flat candlesticks, 4, £1 0s 9d Steel snuffers, 1 pair, £0 3s 4d Brass wire, 5 lb, £0 15s 0d Rollers for the crane, 4, £4 10s 7d Brass for soldering, ¼ lb, £0 1s 1d Copper plate, 107 lb, £7 18s 2½d Copper bars 3 feet long, 2, at 18s 3d each, £1 18s 6d Brass bars of the same length, 2, at 14s 1½d each, £1 8s 3d Five-pint tea kettles, 6, £5 0s 7½d Three-pint tea kettles, 8, £4 13s 8d Copper buckets, 7, £2 8s 10d Rolled brass for escutcheons, 97 lb, £8 0s 9½d Total for brazier's goods, £54 17s 7d Large Bibles, 21, £28 17s 6d Small Bibles, 5, £0 18s 6½d Primers, 7, £0 1s 9d Hornbooks, 8, £0 0s 10d Books of Common Prayer, 15, £3 14s 4½d Total for books, £33 13s 0d Salt beef, 149 puncheons and 4 tierces, with 108 pieces, £2,019 15s 5d Salt pork, 269 hogsheads and 1 tierce, with 160 pieces, £2,513 17s 3d Total for beef and pork, £4,533 12s 8d Iron-bound cat blocks, 2, £0 12s 10d Deadeyes, 4, £2 13s 1d Double long tackle block, 1, £0 4s 9d Double blocks with brass sheaves, 12, £3 4s 2d Blocks of 3 inches, 3, £0 14s 6d Total for blocks, £7 9s 4d English canvas, 15 pieces 28¾ yards, £50 17s 0d Tecklenburg canvas, 4 pieces, £18 14s 6d Osnaburg canvas, 1 piece of 36 yards, £5 11s 8d Total for canvas, £75 3s 2d Copper money, 53,960 halfpence, £112 8s 4d Cables of 17 inches, 12, 145 cwt 1 qr 1 lb Cable of 9 inches, 1, 19 cwt 3 qr 10 lb Cablet of 5 inches, 1, 6 cwt 1 qr 18 lb Coils of 4 inches, 12, 58 cwt 1 qr 10 lb Coils of 3½ inches, 4, 16 cwt 3 qr 1 lb Coils of 3½ inches, 11, 43 cwt 3 qr 12 lb Coils of 3 inches, 8, 21 cwt 2 qr 22 lb Cordage carried forward, 310 cwt 0 qr 18 lb Carried forward, £5,457 19s 9d Interpretations The warehouse held more than £4,500 of salt beef and pork, by far the most valuable stock on the island. That was over 400 casks, a reserve of perhaps a year's supply or more for the garrison and the slaves. The Council had bought salt meat from every passing commander through the spring and summer while refusing them fresh beef from the herd. This was the result: a stock large enough to see the island through a war or a failed season of shipping. Salt meat was the island's insurance against being cut off. The 53,960 copper halfpence, worth £112 8s 4d, were held for small change. Prices in the warehouse ran to halfpennies and farthings, and silver coin was too valuable to break into such small sums. The Company shipped out English copper so its servants could be paid exactly and could buy small quantities without credit. The coin was stored with the other goods because, to the Company, it was a commodity shipped from London like any other. The twelve cables of 17 inches were the great mooring cables for the road, each a ton or more in weight. Together with the anchors listed on the previous page, they made up the island's whole mooring system, held in reserve against the loss of a cable in a gale. | |
427 | 1770 Brought Over £ 5457 19 9 Cordage Brought Over 310 18 29 Coils 2½ Inches 57 1 11 24 do. 2 do. 32 2 14 26 do. Ratline 14 1 18 White Rope 1 2 16 416 21 705 12 4 Corks vizt. 12 Gro. Corks 1 13 5½ Sheet Cork 3 1 16 Cart Wheels vizt. 72 Wheel Barrows 55 8 10 5 Spare sides for do. 8 4 5 Axletrees for Carts 1 13 1 7 Pr. Cart wheels 24 2 5 81 12 8 Coals 15 Chaldron @ 42/ pr. Chaldron 31 10 Cuttlery Ware vizt. 132 Buckling Combs 2 4 4 24 Horn do. 5 1 Fine Ivory do. 2 9 50 Ordy. do. do. 3 5½ 58 Shoe Knives 19 4 129 Butchers do. 3 6 5 1½ doz. Ivo. handle Knives & Forks 2 4 9 1 do. do. Desert do. & do. 1 4 3 8 do. Green handles do. & do. 15 16 2 1 Case Fleams 2 9 12 Clasping Knives 15 6 5 Pallett do. 4 2 9 Horn do. 13 1½ 13 Pruning do. 14 5½ 8 Budding do. 8 4 3½ doz. Staghorn Knives & Forks 1 15 4 1 Cork Knife 2 3½ 80 doz. Pr. Shoe Buckles 25 2 88 Pr. Fine do. 1 5 3 84 Pr. Leather Garters 2 12 6½ 62 17 8 Camblet vizt. 33½ Yds. Scarlet 6 6 2½ Brown 7 8 24½ Dark Brown 3 13 8 Blue 1 4 4 26½ Green 4 7 15 6 1 Deals vizt. 1075 Double Deals 182 10 6 635 Single do. 61 10 4 Deals Carried Over £ 244 Carr. over £ 6356 14 6 | The inventory continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £5,457 19s 9d Cordage brought forward, 310 cwt 0 qr 18 lb Coils of 2½ inches, 29, 57 cwt 1 qr 11 lb Coils of 2 inches, 24, 32 cwt 2 qr 14 lb Coils of ratline, 26, 14 cwt 1 qr 18 lb White rope, 1 cwt 2 qr 16 lb Total for cordage, 416 cwt 0 qr 21 lb, £705 12s 4d Corks, 1½ [...], £1 13s 0d Sheet cork, 5½ [...], £0 3s 0d Total for corks, £1 16s 0d Wheelbarrows, 72, £55 8s 10d Spare sides for wheelbarrows, 5, £0 8s 4d Axletrees for carts, 5, £1 13s 1d Cart wheels, 7 pairs, £24 2s 5d Total for cart wheels, £81 12s 8d Coals, 15 chaldrons at 42s 0d a chaldron, £31 10s 0d Buckling combs, 132, £2 4s 4d Horn combs, 24, £0 5s 0d Fine ivory comb, 1, £0 2s 9d Ordinary ivory combs, 50, £3 0s 5½d Shoe knives, 58, £0 19s 0½d Butchers' knives, 129, £3 6s 5d [...]-handled knives and forks, 1½ dozen, £2 4s 9d [...] knives and forks, 1 [...], £1 4s 3d Green-handled knives and forks, 8 dozen, £15 16s 2d Case of fleams, 1, £0 2s 9d Chopping knives, 12, £0 15s 6d Palette knives, 5, £0 4s 2d Penknives, 9, £0 13s 1½d Pruning knives, 13, £0 14s 5½d Budding knives, 8, £0 6s 5d Stag-horn-handled knives and forks, 3½ dozen, £1 15s 4d Cook's knife, 1, £0 2s 5½d Shoe buckles, 80 dozen pairs, £25 0s 2d [...] shoe buckles, 88 pairs, £1 5s 3d Leather garters, 84 pairs, £2 12s 6½d Total for cutlery, £62 17s 8d Scarlet camlet, 38½ yards, £6 0s 6d Brown camlet, 2½ yards, £0 7s 8d Dark brown camlet, 24½ yards, £3 13s 0d Blue camlet, 8 yards, £1 4s 4d Green camlet, 26½ yards, £4 0s 7d Total for camlet, £15 6s 1d Double deals, 1,075, £182 10s 6d Single deals, 635, £61 10s 4d Deals carried forward, £244 0s 10d Carried forward, £6,356 14s 6d Interpretations The warehouse held 1,075 double deals and 635 single deals at the end of September. On 3 September 1770 the school committee had asked for about 300 double deals, and the Council gave it only 100 "for the present". The Council had the timber. It kept it back for the barracks for 500 men, whose floors, roofs and partitions would need far more than the school. The 72 wheelbarrows in store point the same way, ready for the gangs who would carry stone and mortar to the new square. The inventory shows the Council's priorities as clearly as the minutes: the garrison first, the parish's schoolhouse after. Ratline was a light, tarred line used for the rungs of the rope ladders on a ship's shrouds. Budding knives were small blades for grafting fruit trees, which shows the gardens propagating their own fruit. The 80 dozen pairs of shoe buckles were stock for the soldiers' and servants' shoes, which were fastened with buckles rather than laces. | |
428 | 15th Oct. Brought Over £ 6356 14 6 Deals brought over £ 244 10 20 Wainscot Boards 6 12 13 Elm do. 2 12 66 Baulks 29 11 3 37 Coffins 5 14 1 28⅝ Ps. Riga Timber 61 18 3 99 Bundles Laths 5 8 11 27 Ps. Oak Plank 56 13 9 15 Ps. Elm do. 33 8 2 15 Ps. Ash do. 43 16 6 575 Ps. Church Timber 161 10 2 651 5 11 Earthen ware vizt. 35 Milk Pans 2 3 3 14 Close Stool pans 1 4 6 3 7 9 Flour 459 Casks or 1475 2 26 1119 5 3 Flannel 57⅞ Yards 6 5 2 Glass Ware vizt. 22 Beer Glasses 19 3 10 Tumblers 4 7 1 Pr. Salts 7 6¼ 1 Urinal 1 3 Four Hour Glasses 10 1 Three do. 3 4 2 Hour do. 1 4 14 Minute do. 9 4 79 Sq. 6 by 8 1 6 4 13 do. 10 by 12 14 1 15 do. 11 by 17½ 1 5 do. 12 by 15 5 10 1 do. 10 by 14 1 1 7 do. 10 by 15 3 7¼ 13 do. 11½ by 19 18 5 2 do. 11 by 17 2 8 14 do. 11 by 17½ 18 8 10 do. 11⅞ by 17¾ 13 4 18 do. 10⅞ by 18¾ 1 4 10 do. 11½ by 18 13 4½ 21 do. 11 by 18½ 1 8 12 10 9 Grindstones 4 11 Hats vizt. 7 Mens fine 6 2 6 2 Boys 12 1 Officers Gold Laced 2 3 8 14 9 Carried Over £ 8158 15 | The inventory continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £6,356 14s 6d Deals brought forward, £244 0s 10d Wainscot boards, 20, £6 12s 0d Elm boards, 13, £2 12s 0d Baulks of timber, 66, £29 11s 3d [...], 37, £5 14s 1d Riga timber, 28⅜ pieces, £61 18s 3d Bundles of laths, 99, £5 8s 11d Oak plank, 27 pieces, £56 13s 9d Elm plank, 15 pieces, £33 8s 2d Ash plank, 15 pieces, £43 16s 6d Church timber, 575 pieces, £161 10s 2d Total for deals and timber, £651 5s 11d Earthenware milk pans, 35, £2 3s 3d Earthenware close-stool pans, 14, £1 4s 6d Total for earthenware, £3 7s 9d Flour, 459 casks containing 1,475 cwt 2 qr 26 lb, £1,119 5s 3d Flannel, 57⅞ yards, £6 5s 3d Beer glasses, 22, £0 19s 3d Tumblers, 10, £0 4s 7d Salts, 1 pair, £0 7s 6¼d Urinal, 1, £0 1s 0d Four-hour glasses, 3, £0 10s 0d Three-hour glass, 1, £0 3s 4d Two-hour glasses, 2, £0 1s 4d [...] glasses, 14, £0 9s 4d Window glass, 79 panes 6 by 8 inches, £1 6s 4d Window glass, 13 panes 11 by 12 inches, £0 14s 1d Window glass, 15 panes 11 by 17½ inches, £1 0s 0d Window glass, 5 panes 12 by 15 inches, £0 5s 10d Window glass, 1 pane 10 by 14 inches, £0 1s 1d Window glass, 7 panes 10 by 15 inches, £0 8s 7¼d Window glass, 13 panes 11¼ by 19 inches, £0 18s 5d Window glass, 2 panes 11 by 17 inches, £0 2s 8d Window glass, 14 panes 11 by 17½ inches, £0 18s 8d Window glass, 10 panes 11¼ by 17¾ inches, £0 13s 4d Window glass, 18 panes 10¾ by 18¾ inches, £1 4s 0d Window glass, 10 panes 11½ by 18 inches, £0 13s 4½d Window glass, 21 panes 11 by 18½ inches, £1 8s 0d Total for glass, £12 10s 9d Grindstones, 4, £0 11s 0d Men's fine hats, 7, £6 2s 6d Boys' hats, 2, £0 12s 0d Officer's gold-laced hat, 1, £2 0s 3d Total for hats, £8 14s 9d Carried forward, £8,158 15s 0d Interpretations The warehouse held 575 pieces of timber set aside for the church, worth over £160. That was more than half the value of all the other timber on the island. The Company had sent it out for rebuilding the church in James Town, and it lay in store untouched while the Council gave its carpenters and labour to the barracks. The school committee was refused soldier carpenters on 3 September 1770 for the same reason. Both parish projects, the church and the school, waited behind the garrison's needs. The 459 casks of flour, nearly 75 tons, were the other great reserve after salt meat. Together the two stocks were worth more than £5,600, two-thirds of the whole inventory. Hourglasses of four, three and two hours timed the watches at the guard posts and the reliefs of the sentries through the night. | |
429 | 1770 Brought Over £ 8158 15 Haberdashery vizt. 9½ Silk 15 16 2 9¼ Mohair 14 9 3 12 3 Mohair C. Buttons 7 14 9 8 do. Bt. do. 4 5 3 G. Silv. Wire C. do. 15 17 1 3½ do. Bt. do. 5 10½ G. 4 Silv. Plate C. do. 5 4 3½ do. Bt. do. 1 G. 10½ Gilt C. do. 13 9 7 4 do. Bt. do. 10 4 1½ Yell. mettel C. do. 10 6 3 white waistcoat do. 14 10 5 Shirt do. 11 10½ 1½ Gold Basket C. do. 2 17 4 G. do. Bt. do. 1 7 6 5 3 Horn Moulds 11 7 5 Ps. Union Cord 11 3 17 Ps. Galloon 3 2 7¾ 4 Ps. Braid 11 16½ Yds. Tabby 6 13 8¾ 2 Gro. Broad worsted Lace 1 11 16½ do. narrow do. do. 16 6 10 86 Ps. Tape 2 8 4½ 213 Hair Stocks 7 8 9 48 Whale Bone 14 8 72 Cockades 1 9 97½ Yards Broad Gold Lace 19 11 1¼ do. narrow do. 3 3¼ 139 18 9 Hosiers Ware vizt. 134 Pr. Ordy. Thread Stockings 19 5 2 31 Pr. Wool do. 1 Pr. do. Damaged do. Damaged 5 14 9 11 Pr. Girls do. 3 Pr. do. do. Damaged 1 7 5 19 Pr. Mens India Cotton do. 7 19 11 5 Pr. Scarlet worsted Breeches 3 8 1½ 13 Pr. Black do. do. 5 14 10 12 Pr. Silk do. do. 13 13 4 3 Pr. Boys worsted Stockings 5 10½ 57 14 5 Hooks & Lines vizt. 1300 No. 1 Hooks 3 6 4½ 13435 No. 6 52 7 2¾ 2250 No. 1 6 13 11¾ 7200 No. 8 21 Hooks & Lines Carr. over Carried Over £ 8356 8 3 | The inventory continued with haberdashery, hosiery and fishing tackle, carried on from the total of £8,158 15s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £8,158 15s 0d Sewing silk, 9½ lb, £15 16s 2d Mohair thread, 9¾ lb, £14 9s 3d Mohair coat buttons, 12 gross [...], £7 14s 0d Mohair breast buttons, [...], £4 5s 0d Silver wire coat buttons, [...], £15 17s 1d Silver wire breast buttons, [...], £0 5s 10½d Silver plated coat buttons, [...], £0 5s 4d Silver plated breast buttons, [...], £0 1s 0d Yellow coat buttons, [...], £0 13s 9d Yellow breast buttons, [...], £0 10s 4d Yellow metal coat buttons, [...], £0 0s 10d White waistcoat buttons, [...], £0 14s 10d Shirt buttons, [...], £0 11s 10½d Gold basket coat buttons, [...], £2 17s 4d Gold basket breast buttons, [...], £1 7s 6d Horn button moulds, 3 gross, £0 11s 7d [...] cord, 5 pieces, £0 11s 3d Galloon, 17 pieces, £3 2s 7¾d Braid, 4 pieces, £0 11s 0d Tabby, 16½ yards, £6 13s 8¾d Broad worsted lace, 2 gross, £1 11s 0d Narrow worsted lace, 16½ gross, £16 6s 10d Tape, 86 pieces, £2 8s 4½d Hair stocks, 212, £7 18s 9d Whalebone, 48 lb, £14 8s 0d Cockades, 72, £1 9s 0d Broad gold lace, 97½ yards, £19 11s 0d Narrow gold lace, 1¼ yards, £0 3s 3¾d Total for haberdashery, £139 18s 9d Men's ordinary thread stockings, 134 pairs, £19 5s 2d Women's stockings, 31 pairs, with 1 pair damaged, £5 16s 9d Girls' stockings, 11 pairs, with 3 pairs damaged, £1 7s 5d Men's India cotton stockings, 19 pairs, £7 19s 11d Scarlet worsted breeches pieces, 5, £3 8s 1½d Black worsted breeches pieces, 13, £5 14s 10d Silk breeches pieces, 12, £13 13s 4d Boys' worsted stockings, 3 pairs, £0 5s 10½d Total for hosiery, £57 14s 5d No. 1 fish hooks, 1,300, £3 6s 4½d No. 6 fish hooks, 13,855, £52 7s 2¼d No. 7 fish hooks, 2,250, £6 13s 11½d No. 8 fish hooks, 7,200, £21 0s 0d Hooks and lines carried forward Carried forward, £8,356 8s 3d Interpretations The warehouse held more than 24,000 fish hooks in four sizes, worth over £80. In the quarters entered that year, servants, planters and the Company's own fishermen bought or drew hooks by the hundred. Fish was the island's everyday food when the cattle herd was failing and salt meat cost 2s a piece. A stock this large meant the hooks could never run short between fleets, whatever happened to the herd or the ships. The 97½ yards of broad gold lace in store remained after the officers had bought 75 yards in the quarter just ended. Lace, silk and silver buttons made up much of the haberdashery's value. Together they show how much the island's small officer class spent on the outward signs of rank. | |
430 | 15th October Brought Over £ 8356 8 3 Hooks & Lines brought Over 5400 No. 9 Hooks 7 15 3 9000 10 7 10 1800 11 1 8 6 7600 12 5 14 8000 13 3 11 2 12700 14 5 16 5 7250 Small 15 2 9 10 4700 16 1 4 6 776 Large 8 17 10 86 doz. 5 No. 2 Lines 15 2 5½ 119 do. 3 3 24 7 7 6 No. 8 4 1 10 3 Hambro 4 6 25 Deep Sea 6 8 4 14 Log 14 11 Knot Tack Line 14 8¾ 176 16 8 Iron Pots 1 Iron Kettle 1 16 Iron & Steel vizt. 60 1 12 Iron 65 7 7 4 7 Steel 7 7 8 72 15 3 Iron ware vizt. 2 Cupd. Locks 5 8 35 Splinter do. 17 6 15 Pad do. 15 5¾ 3 Coal Pad do. 1 1 6 Iodas Door do. 5 3 do. do. with Brass Knob 1 2 6 1 Chest do. 3 9 28 Stock do. 3 12 11 7 Brass Chest do. 1 18 9½ 38 Pr. Shutter Hinges 4 9 14 Pr. H. L. do. 1 7 8½ 33 Broad Hoes 3 11 6 1 Grubbing do. 2 11 19 Pr. Sheep Shears 1 8 6 4 Adzes 12 23 Gouges 2 1 10 5 Edging Irons 19 5¾ 114 Pick Axes 19 18 9 9 Augers 1 5 6 28 Paper Bills 8 9 42 Brass Rings 8 3 3 Pr. Large Stilyards 1 10 6½ 3 Pr. Small do. 17 7 Drill Bows 15 9 Iron ware Carr. Over £ 50 1 6½ Carr. over £ 8607 16 2 | The inventory continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £8,356 8s 3d No. 9 fish hooks, 5,400, £7 15s 3d No. 10 fish hooks, 9,000, £7 10s 0d No. 11 fish hooks, 1,800, £1 8s 6d No. 12 fish hooks, 7,600, £5 14s 0d No. 13 fish hooks, 8,000, £3 11s 2d No. 14 fish hooks, 12,700, £5 16s 5d Small no. 15 fish hooks, 7,250, £2 9s 10d No. 16 fish hooks, 4,700, £1 4s 6d Large fish hooks, 776, £8 17s 10d No. 2 fishing lines, 86 dozen 5, £15 2s 5½d No. 3 fishing lines, 119 dozen 5, £24 7s 7d No. 4 fishing lines, 6 dozen 8, £1 10s 0d Hambro lines, 3, £0 4s 6d Deep-sea lines, 25, £6 8s 4d Log lines, 14, £0 14s 0d [...] lines, 11, £0 14s 8¾d Total for hooks and lines, £176 16s 8d Iron kettle, 1, £1 16s 0d Iron, 60 cwt 1 qr 12 lb, £65 7s 7d Steel, 4 cwt 0 qr 7 lb, £7 7s 8d Total for iron and steel, £72 15s 3d Cupboard locks, 2, £0 5s 8d Splinter locks, 35, £0 17s 6d Padlocks, 15, £1 5s 5¾d [...] padlocks, 3, £1 1s 6d Barrack door lock, 1, £0 5s 0d [...] locks with brass knobs, 3, £1 2s 6d Chest lock, 1, £0 3s 9d Stock locks, 28, £3 12s 11d Brass chest locks, 7, £1 18s 9½d Shutter hinges, 38 pairs, £4 0s 9d HL hinges, 14 pairs, £1 7s 8½d Broad hoes, 33, £3 11s 6d Grubbing hoe, 1, £0 2s 11d Sheep shears, 19 pairs, £1 8s 6d Adzes, 4, £0 12s 0d Gouges, 23, £2 1s 10d Edging irons, 5, £0 19s 5½d Pickaxes, 114, £19 18s 9d Augers, 9, £1 5s 6d Taper bits, 28, £0 8s 9d Brass rings, 42, £0 8s 3d Large steelyards, 3 pairs, £1 10s 6½d Small steelyards, 3 pairs, £0 17s 0d Drill boxes, 7, £0 15s 9d Ironware carried forward, £50 1s 6¼d Carried forward, £8,607 16s 3d Interpretations The ironware held in store was suited to heavy groundwork: 114 pickaxes, 33 broad hoes and three tons of bar iron for the smiths to work into tools and fittings. That fits the Council's order of 7 October 1770 to press on with the barracks. The ground for the new square still had to be cut down and levelled before any wall could rise, and the pickaxes and iron were ready for the gangs. The 38 pairs of shutter hinges were probably meant for the barracks as well. Wooden shutters, not glazed sashes, closed the windows of a soldiers' building. | |
431 | 1770 Brought Over £ 8607 16 2 Iron ware brought Over £ 50 1 6½ 32 Musquetoon Rammers 4 11 12 Coopers Punches 13 6 5 Coopers Cold Chizels 5 2 Coopers Howels 3 10 1 Slitting Saw 6 11 29 Garden Hoes 1 17 5½ 5 Iron binding Wire 7 3½ 1 Pr. Large Iron Dividers 2 6 13 Pr. Garden Shears 2 7 1½ 1 Jointer Plane 7 3½ 6 Coopers Spoke Shaves 12 11 Bitts for dowling Stocks 3 2½ 2 Hand round Shaves 3 11 18 Dutch Hoes 2 11 7½ 134 Spades 25 1 6 33 Wood Shovels 3 6 6 106 Iron do. 24 1 5 20 Stone Saws 3 16 8 5 Melting Ladles 1 9 6 340 Rod Iron 3 10 10 3 Pr. Hand Irons 12 5 1½ 210 Ash Helves 6 2 6 41 Masons hamd. do. 11 11½ 2 Large Frying Pans 8 2 15 Flour Emery 1 6 3 14½ Spelter 1 8 1 4½ Borax 2 19 10¼ 2 Pumy Stone 9 1 Putty 1 8 ½ Wash Emery 1 1 65 Plane Irons 1 4 4½ 9 Sets Jack Wheels 3 6¾ 1 Coopers Jointer 12 7 8 Jack Chains 13 10 2 do. Weights & Pullies 1 7 23 Squared Squares 1 8 9 241 Blank Keys 7 10 7½ 4 Stew Pans hammered Iron 3 10 10 1 Sauce pan 11 2½ 120 Plate Iron 2 12 6 7 Scrapers 13 1½ 1 Pr. Screw Stocks 11 7 13 Sickles 12 5½ 15 Garden Rakes 1 14 8¼ 14 Rag Stones 4 11½ 30 Scythe do. 13 Iron Ware Carr. Over £ 178 11 3½ Carried Over £ 8607 16 2 | The inventory continued with ironware, carried on from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £8,607 16s 2d Ironware brought forward, £50 1s 6¼d [...] rammers, 32, £4 11s 0d Coopers' punches, 12, £0 13s 6d Coopers' cold chisels, 5, £0 5s 0d Coopers' shovels, 2, £0 3s 10d Slitting saw, 1, £0 6s 11d Garden hoes, 29, £1 17s 5½d Iron binding wire, 5 lb, £0 7s 3½d Large iron dividers, 1 pair, £0 2s 6d Garden shears, 13 pairs, £2 7s 1½d Jointer plane, 1, £0 7s 5½d Coopers' spokeshaves, 6, £0 12s 0d Bits for [...] stocks, 11, £0 3s 2½d Hand round shaves, 2, £0 3s 11d Dutch hoes, 18, £2 11s 7½d Spades, 134, £25 1s 6d Wooden shovels, 33, £3 6s 6d Iron shovels, 106, £24 1s 5d Stone saws, 20, £3 16s 8d Melting ladles, 5, £1 9s 6d Rod iron, 340 lb, £3 10s 10d Hand irons, 3 pairs, £12 5s 1½d Axe handles, 210, £6 2s 6d Masons' hammer handles, 41, £0 11s 11½d Large frying pans, 2, £0 8s 2d Flour of emery, 15 lb, £1 6s 3d Spelter, 14½ lb, £1 8s 1d Borax, 4½ lb, £2 19s 10½d Pumice stones, 2, £0 0s 9d Putty, 1 [...], £0 1s 8d Washed emery, ½ lb, £0 1s 1d Plane irons, 65, £1 4s 4½d Roasting jack wheels, 9 sets, £3 0s 6¾d Cooper's jointer, 1, £0 12s 7d Jack chains, 8, £0 13s 10d Jack weights and pulleys, 2, £1 7s 0d Figured squares, 23, £1 8s 9d Blank keys, 241, £7 10s 7½d [...] pans of hammered iron, 4, £3 10s 10d Saucepan, 1, £0 10s 2½d Plate iron, 120 lb, £2 12s 6d Scrapers, 7, £0 13s 1½d Stone stocks, 1 pair, £0 11s 7d Sickles, 13, £0 12s 5½d Garden rakes, 15, £1 14s 8¼d Rag stones, 14, £0 4s 11½d Scythe stones, 30, £0 13s 0d Ironware carried forward, £178 11s 3¼d Carried forward, £8,607 16s 2d Interpretations The stock of digging tools was large enough for a major building season: 134 spades, 106 iron shovels and 33 wooden ones, 210 axe handles and 20 stone saws, alongside the 114 pickaxes listed on the previous page. Those quantities far exceeded the few dozen issued to the works in any quarter that year. The Company had sent out a full outfit of tools for the barracks and kept it in store until the levelling began. Spelter was zinc, mixed with copper to make the brazing solder the armourer and smiths used with borax. Wooden shovels were used for handling lime, gunpowder and grain, where an iron blade could strike a spark or rust. | |
432 | 15th September Brought Over £ 8607 16 2 Iron ware brought over £ 178 11 3½ 13 Joiners Rubstones 1 15 5¾ 98 Drill Boxes 4 18 2 Joiners Hatchets 4 30 Plaisterers Trowels 2 10 37 Bricklayers do. 3 17 2¼ 114 Packing Needles 16 7½ 20 Pr. H. L. Hinges with rising Joints 3 3 4 10 Pr. Shutter do. 1 4 9 13 Sythes 3 10 5 6 Pr. Dovetail Hinges 3 7½ 1 Whip Saw 2 7 4½ 1 Cross Cut do. 1 5 9 3 Gun Smiths do. 2 1 3 1 Hand do. 7 5 2 Tenon do. 14 8 3 Pruning do. 6 4 Smiths Slitting Saw Files 6 10 30 Spike Gimblets 11 10½ 4 Stone Wedges 2 8 9 Jack Spits 2 11 7 673 Files 16 10 9 14 Flat Rubber Files 3 7 2 4 Bastard do. do. 17 8 37 Rubber do. 10 15 5 13 Setting Hammers 4 7 9 20 Masons Inch & Point Tools 1 5 10 62 do. Chizels & Broad do. 7 5 11½ 420 wood screws 11 8 1 Large Jack 7 10 2 1 Middling do. 4 18 2 Small do. 5 10 11 27 Sheets Emery Paper 2 10 2 Glew Plates 19 8 9 Axletrees & Winches for Grindstones 1 11 3 23 Iron Crows 12 16 9 12 Socket Mortising Chizels 7 7 2 Lathing hammers 3 4 3¼ Brass Chair Nails 9 4½ 22 Mortising Chizels 2 2 111 Bolt Rope needles 10 987 Sail do. 4 3 13 Pr. Steel Compasses 6 3 17 Helves for Gardens Hoes 10 11¼ 208 Rolled Iron 3 18 ¼ 47 Drill Strings 1 4 6 26 Knots Cat Gut Damaged 6 8 Iron ware Carr. over £ 300 1 ½ Carried Over £ 8607 16 2 | The inventory continued with ironware, carried on from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £8,607 16s 2d Ironware brought forward, £178 11s 3½d Joiners' rubstones, 13, £1 15s 5¾d Drill boxes, 98, £4 18s 0d Joiners' hatchets, 2, £0 4s 0d Plasterers' trowels, 30, £2 10s 0d Bricklayers' trowels, 37, £3 17s 2¼d Packing needles, 114, £0 16s 7½d HL hinges with rising joints, 20 pairs, £3 3s 4d Shutter hinges, 6 pairs, £1 4s 9d Scythes, 13, £3 10s 5d Dovetail hinges, 6 pairs, £0 3s 7½d Whipsaw, 1, £2 7s 4½d Crosscut saw, 1, £1 5s 9d [...] saws, 3, £2 1s 3d Handsaw, 1, £0 7s 5d Tenon saws, 2, £0 14s 8d Pruning saws, 3, £0 6s 0d Smiths' files for slitting saws, 4, £0 6s 10d Spike gimlets, 30, £0 11s 10½d Stone [...], 4, £0 2s 8d Roasting spits, 9, £2 11s 7d Files, 673, £16 10s 9d Flat rubber files, 14, £3 7s 2d Bastard rubber files, 4, £0 17s 8d Rubber files, 37, £10 15s 5d Setting hammers, 15, £4 7s 9d Masons' inch and point tools, 20, £1 5s 10d Masons' boasters and broad tools, 62, £7 5s 11½d Wood screws, 420, £0 11s 8d Large roasting jack, 1, £7 10s 2d Middling roasting jack, 1, £4 18s 0d Small roasting jacks, 2, £5 10s 11d Emery paper, 27 sheets, £0 2s 10d Plough planes, 2, £0 19s 8d Axletrees and winches for grindstones, 9, £1 11s 3d Iron crows, 23, £12 16s 9d Socket [...] chisels, 12, £0 7s 7d Lathing hammers, 2, £0 3s 4d Brass chair nails, 3¾ lb, £0 9s 4½d [...] chisels, 22, £0 2s 2d Bolt-rope needles, 111, £0 10s 0d Sail needles, 987, £0 4s 3d Steel compasses, 15 pairs, £0 6s 3d Handles for garden hoes, 17, £0 10s 11¼d Rolled iron, 208 lb, £3 18s 1¼d Drill strings, 47, £1 4s 6d Catgut, 26 knots, damaged, £0 6s 8d Ironware carried forward, £300 1s 0½d Carried forward, £8,607 16s 2d Interpretations The warehouse held four roasting jacks of different sizes and nine spits, worth together over £20. These were kitchen machines for the Castle and the better households, the same item sold to a servant earlier in the year. They were stocked for sale at the 10% advance to officers setting up house. Masons' boasters and point tools, 82 in all, with 23 iron crows and 37 bricklayers' trowels, were held ready for the stonework of the barracks. Catgut was used for the strings of the drill bows in the armourer's and smiths' shops, as well as for clock lines. These knots were damaged, so their value was written down. | |
433 | 1770 Brought Over £ 8607 16 2 Iron ware brought Over £ 300 1 ½ 2 hand Vices 7 1 Smiths Standing Vice 1 15 11 1 Bench do. 6 9 29 Spring Rat Traps 2 2 9 29 Mouse do. 16 4 19 Saw Sets 10 8¼ 2 Screw Stocks 3 8 17 do. Irons 13 1 3 Drawing knives 5 3 2 Brass Blow Pipes 1 10 1 Pr. Wool Cards 2 1¾ 53 Wood Axes 7 10 2 12 Masons Stone Axes 4 8 2 Smiths Bench Hammers 2 9 Hand do. do. 7 11 6 Uphand do. do. 1 9 9 1 Sledge do. 9 4 2 Cast Backs for Forges 1 7 2 Brass Pins for Escutcheons 8 10 3 Pr. Sliding Compasses 7 8 3 Iron Rubbish Riddles 1 1 16 Plaisterers Sieves 3 15 4 28 Spit Hooks 1 5 7 29 Masons Hammers 4 16 ½ 22 Mauls 11 9 5½ 1 Coopers rounding Adz 3 2 Steel Burners 3 5 1 Coopers hand Hammer 2 4½ 24 Brass Boxes for Wheel Barrows 8 10 18 Wood Hatchets 1 10 4½ 2 yell. Glues 3 8 7 Silver do. 12 1 12 Pr. Hand Bellows 2 3 6 3 Crucibles 11½ 2 Hollowing Knives 4 2 Buoy Shaves 11 3 Dowling Stocks with Springs 3 4½ 31 Masons Beach Mallets 3 8½ 2 Brake Irons 1 3 5 12 Coopers Spare Jointer Irons 9 11 Scoring Gouges 7¼ 3 Large Box Irons 1 6 10½ 3 Small do. 2 14 2 525 File Hafts 1 12 3 5½ Dragons Blood 5 ½ Iron Ware Carried Over £ 364 1 3⅛ Carried Over £ 8607 16 2 | The inventory continued with ironware, carried on from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £8,607 16s 2d Ironware brought forward, £300 1s 0½d Hand vices, 2, £0 7s 0d Smith's standing vice, 1, £1 15s 11d Bench vice, 1, £0 6s 9d Spring rat traps, 29, £2 2s 9d Mousetraps, 29, £0 16s 4d Saw sets, 19, £0 10s 8¼d Brace stocks, 2, £0 3s 8d Brace bits, 17, £0 13s 1d Drawing knives, 3, £0 5s 3d Brass blowpipes, 2, £0 1s 10d Wool cards, 1 pair, £0 2s 1¾d Wood axes, 33, £7 10s 2d Masons' stone axes, 12, £4 8s 0d Smiths' bench hammers, 2, £0 2s 0d Hand hammers, 4, £0 7s 4d Uphand hammers, 6, £1 9s 9d Sledgehammer, 1, £0 9s 4d Cast backs for forges, 2, £1 7s 0d Brass pins for escutcheons, 2 [...], £0 8s 10d Sliding compasses, 3 pairs, £0 7s 8d Iron rubbish riddles, 3, £1 1s 0d Plasterers' sieves, 16, £3 15s 4d [...] hoops, 28, £1 5s 7d Masons' hammers, 29, £4 16s 0½d Mauls, 22, £11 9s 5½d Cooper's rounding adze, 1, £0 3s 0d Steel drivers, 2, £0 3s 5d Cooper's hand hammer, 1, £0 2s 4½d Brass boxes for wheelbarrows, 24, £0 8s 10d Hand hatchets, 18, £1 10s 4½d Yellow [...], 2, £0 3s 8d [...] solder, [...], £0 12s 1d Hand bellows, 12 pairs, £2 3s 6d Crucibles, 3, £0 0s 11½d Hollowing knives, 2, £0 4s 0d [...] shaves, 2, £0 0s 11d Pointing stocks with springs, 3, £0 3s 4½d Masons' beech mallets, 31, £1 3s 5d Beak irons, 2, £0 0s 9d Coopers' spare jointer irons, 12, £0 [...] Turning gouges, 11, £1 6s 10½d Large box irons, 3, £2 14s 2d Small box irons, 3, £1 12s 5d File handles, 515, £0 5s 0½d Dragon's blood, 5½ [...], £0 [...] Ironware carried forward, £364 1s 3½d Carried forward, £8,607 16s 2d Interpretations The stock of masons' tools now matched the barracks plan almost tool for tool. With 29 masons' hammers, 12 stone axes, 31 beech mallets, 22 mauls and 16 plasterers' sieves on the shelves, the stores could equip a full gang of masons and plasterers at once. Earlier in the year the works drew such tools a few at a time, as the old ones wore out. The Company had evidently sent the full outfit for the new square in the spring ships. The Council's order of 7 October 1770 to press on with the barracks came when the tools were already in hand. | |
434 | 15th October Brought Over £ 8607 16 2 Iron Ware brought Over £ 364 1 3¼ 84 Iron Wire Sorted 3 3 4 Iron Chains for Long Boats 9 6 6 7 Chafing Dishes 1 15 2 Curry Combs & Brushes 3 7½ 4 Corn Mills 24 14 6 1½ Brass Pins for Escutcheons 7 8¾ 403 11 8 Kersey vizt. 1 Ps. 14 Yds. Kersey 4 13 9 4 do. Baize 7 1 5 10 Leather vizt. 4 Calf Skins 11 5 2 4 Sole Leather 36 8 6 36 19 6 Lead vizt. 59 1 8 Sheet Lead 56 7 6 2 11 Small Shot 12 4 10 Yds. two Inch Pipe 4 15 6 61 15 4 Long Ells vizt. 19½ Yds. Scarlet 2 10 11 21 Ps. 14 Yds. Blue 4 14 8 7 5 7 Masts vizt. 1 Bow Sprit 8 10 6 1 Fore Top Mast 13 diamr. 49 F. long 7 10 3 do. do. 13 do. 56 do. 27 16 1 Mizen Mast 18 61 16 6 Nails C. qr. lb. d. 2 2 22 2 11 14 7½ 5 3 22 3 24 10 6 13 1 22 4 45 8 6½ 9 1 6 27 5 10½ 14 1 22 10 35 9 2 8 10 30 17 5 9 3 2 9 40 7 5 5½ 3 2 Scupper 2 6 7 1 3 Coopers Rivets 5 6 2 1 10 Barr. Nails 12 8 9 2 1 Flooring Brads 24 7 11 1 11 Spike Nails 13 2 2 Dog do. 9 10 2 18 Glazing Brads 6 3 4 217 19 5 Oars 49 9 8 3 Carried Over £ 9411 13 3 | The inventory continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £8,607 16s 2d Ironware brought forward, £364 1s 3¾d Iron wire of [...] sizes, 84 lb, £3 3s 0d Iron chains for the longboats, 4, £9 6s 6d Chafing dishes, 7, £1 15s 0d Curry combs and brushes, 2, £0 3s 7½d Corn mills, 4, £24 14s 6d Brass pins for escutcheons, 1¾ lb, £0 7s 8¾d Total for ironware, £403 11s 8d Kersey, 1 piece of 14½ yards, £4 13s 9d Baize, 4 yards, £0 7s 1d Total for kersey, £5 0s 10d Calf skins, 4, £0 11s 0d Sole leather, 5 cwt 0 qr 4 lb, £36 8s 6d Total for leather, £36 19s 6d Sheet lead, 59 cwt 1 qr 8 lb, £56 7s 6d Small shot, 2 qr 11 lb, £0 12s 4d Two-inch lead pipe, 10 yards, £4 15s 6d Total for lead, £61 15s 4d Scarlet long ells, 19½ yards, £2 10s 11d Blue long ells, 2 pieces 43 yards, £4 14s 8d Total for long ells, £7 5s 7d Bowsprit, 1, £8 10s 6d Fore topmast 13 inches in diameter and 49 feet long, 1, £7 10s 0d Topmasts 13 inches in diameter and 56 feet long, 3, £27 16s 0d Mizzen mast, 1, £18 0s 0d Total for masts, £61 16s 6d Twopenny nails, 2 cwt [...] 22 lb, £11 14s 7½d Threepenny nails, 5 cwt 3 qr 22 lb, £24 10s 6d Fourpenny nails, 13 cwt 1 qr 22 lb, £45 8s 6½d Sixpenny nails, 9 cwt 1 qr, £27 5s 10½d Tenpenny nails, 14 cwt 1 qr 22 lb, £35 9s 2d Twentypenny nails, 8 cwt 0 qr 10 lb, £17 5s 9d Fortypenny nails, 3 cwt 2 qr 9 lb, £7 5s 5½d Scupper nails, 3 qr 2 lb, £2 6s 7d Coopers' rivets, 1 cwt 3 qr, £5 6s 2d Barrack nails, 1 qr 10 lb, £0 12s 8d Flooring brads, 9 cwt 2 qr 1 lb, £24 7s 11d Spike nails, 1 qr 11 lb, £0 13s 0d Dog nails, 2 cwt 2 qr, £9 0s 10d Glazing brads, 2 qr 18 lb, £6 3s 4d Total for nails, £217 19s 5d Oars, 49, £9 8s 3d Carried forward, £9,411 13s 3d Interpretations The four corn mills were hand mills for grinding grain into meal, worth over £6 each. The island grew some maize and barley, and the Company's paddy came in husk. Owning its own mills let the Company husk and grind grain on the island instead of paying for cleaned rice and flour from India. The stores also held nearly three tons of sheet lead, enough to roof and gutter a large building, and some five tons of nails. Flooring brads alone came to almost half a ton. Lead, nails and brads on that scale were laid in for the barracks floors and roofs, in the same way the masons' tools were. The spare masts, a bowsprit and four topmasts, were held for the Company's ships. A homeward East Indiaman that lost a spar off the Cape could be refitted at St Helena, as one had been with the 56-foot topmast sold to a ship in the spring. | |
435 | 1770 Brought Over £ 9411 13 3 Oil vizt. 480 G. Linseed 97 404 do. Train 65 13 1 do. Oil of Olives 6 11 32 do. Oil of Turpentine 6 17 4 95 Bottles Florence 12 11 4 189 8 7 Paint vizt. C. qr. lb. 8 Whiting 16 8 1 12 Umber 1 8 20 Stone Oaker dry 8 10 3 12 Indico 8 6 21 White Lead dry 6 6¾ 2 3 26 Stone Colour 13 13 11½ 1 1 6 Olive do. 12 18 6½ 1 25 Verdigrease 11 14 1 2 Pearl Colour 1 3 4 2 12 Yell. Oaker dry 2 4 3 3 12 White Copperas 14 14 2 15 Red Lead 14 9½ 15 Log Wood 5 1½ 1 22 Black Lead 2 16 3 10 Blue Black 5 10 2 2 20 Blue Smalts 25 18 14 Vermillion 3 17 3½ 2½ Prussian Blue 2 13 3 3 Distilled Verdigrease 2 15 7¼ 5 Flake White 8 1 Allum 3 1 3 White Lead Ground 11 7½ 2 3 Yell. Oaker do. 1 19 4 226 Barrels Blacking 8 18 11 103 9 11 Pewter vizt. 7 Qt. Funnels 16 4 7 do. Pots 1 1 7 Half Gallon do. 1 10 9¾ 5 Cranes 4 6 5 1 Worm Tub & Still 10 12 4 2 Cullenders 16 4 11 Basons 2 2 10 20 Water Plates 5 10 4 Pint Pots 7 10 1 Close Stool Pan 5 6½ 3 Gallon Pots 1 7 3¾ 28 16 11 Pease 13⅞ Bushels 5 4 11 Pumps 1 12 13 5 Carr. over £ 9744 7 | The inventory continued from the total of £9,411 13s 3d brought forward. Brought forward, £9,411 13s 3d Linseed oil, 480 gallons, £97 0s 0d Train oil, 404 gallons, £65 13s 0d Olive oil, 1 gallon, £0 6s 11d Oil of turpentine, 32 gallons, £6 17s 4d Florence oil, 95 bottles, £12 11s 5d Total for oils, £183 8s 7d Whiting, 8 cwt, £0 16s 8d Umber, 1 cwt 0 qr 12 lb, £1 0s 8d Dry stone ochre, 20 lb, £0 8s 10d Indigo, 3 qr 12 lb, £8 6s 0d Dry white lead, 21 lb, £0 6s 6¾d Stone-coloured paint, 2 cwt 3 qr 26 lb, £13 13s 11½d Olive-coloured paint, 1 cwt 1 qr 6 lb, £12 18s 6½d Verdigris, 1 qr 25 lb, £11 14s 1d Pearl-coloured paint, 2 qr, £1 3s 4d Dry yellow ochre, 2 cwt 0 qr 12 lb, £2 4s 3d White copperas, 3 qr 12 lb, £1 14s 0d Red lead, 2 qr 15 lb, £0 15s 9½d Logwood, 15 lb, £0 3s 1½d Black lead, 1 qr 22 lb, £2 16s 3d Blue black, 10 lb, £0 5s 10d Blue smalts, 2 cwt 2 qr 20 lb, £25 18s 0d Vermilion, 14 lb, £3 17s 3½d Prussian blue, 2½ lb, £2 13s 3d Distilled verdigris, 3 lb, £2 15s 7¼d Flake white, 5 lb, £0 8s 0d Alum, 1 lb, £0 0s 3d Ground white lead, 1 qr 3 lb, £0 11s 7½d Ground yellow ochre, 2 qr 3 lb, £1 19s 4d Barrel blacking, 226 lb, £8 18s 11d Total for paint, £105 9s 11d Pewter pint funnels, 7, £0 16s 4d Pewter quart pots, 7, £1 1s 0d Pewter half-gallon pots, 7, £1 10s 9¾d Pewter cranes, 15, £4 6s 5d Pewter worm tub and still, 1, £10 12s 4d Pewter colanders, 9, £0 16s 4d Pewter basins, 11, £2 2s 10d Pewter water plates, 20, £5 0s 10d Pewter pint pots, 4, £0 7s 10d Pewter close-stool pan, 1, £0 5s 6½d Pewter gallon pots, 3, £1 7s 3¾d Total for pewter, £28 16s 11d Pease, 13¾ bushels, £5 4s 11d Pump, 1, £12 13s 5d Carried forward, £9,744 7s 0d Interpretations The pewter worm tub and still, worth over £10, was a small distilling apparatus. A still on an island where arrack came from Batavia under a society partly owned by a councillor could have been sensitive. Its likeliest use was in the doctor's shop, distilling simple waters and spirits for medicines, or perhaps making fresh water from sea water in a drought. Keeping it in the Company's stores, under the storekeeper's lock, kept it out of private hands. It also made sure no settler could set up a rival to the licensed arrack trade. Blue smalts was the costliest paint in store, at nearly £26, more than the whole stock of white lead and ochre. It was used mainly for blueing linen in laundering, not for paint. The amount suggests that the Castle and the officers' households laundered their linen to a high standard, despite the cost. | |
436 | 15th October Brought over £ 9744 7 Pitch & Tar vizt. 42½ Barls. Pitch 46 13 4 38 do. Tar 41 16 5½ do. Turpentine 19 7 5¼ do. Rozin 11 10 7 119 11 11 Starch 2 3 24 9 13 8 Sope 7 2 24 10 Salt 104 Bushels 15 12 Shalloon vizt. 3 Ps. Scarlet 11 1 3 6 Ps. 5 Yds. Coloured 16 11 6 27 12 9 Serge vizt. 7½ Ps. Brown Fustain 13 17 11 21 Yds. Scarlet Serge 5 10 3 45½ Yds. Blue do. 12 14 5 29 do. Green do. 5 16 10½ do. Blue Duffle 3 3 3 41 1 10 Scales & Weights vizt. 2 Beams 14 6 1 Pr. Scale Boards 3 19 3 18 5 8 Saddles 4 19 13 4 Sailors Cloaths vizt. 6 Boys Jackets Damaged 76 do. Green Duffle Jackets 18 4 1 143 do. Shirts 19 19 34 Pr. do. Canvas Draws 1 17 2 71 Pr. Boys Breeches 10 17 34 Mens Blue Duffle Jackets 11 14 10 70 Pr. do. Breeches 13 17 2 5 Pr. do. Canvas Draws 4 10 139 do. Shirts 23 6 3 111 Dutch Caps 6 3 108 10 9 Soldiers Cloaths vizt. 184 Soldrs. Coats 184 Pr. do. Breeches 272 1 6 4 Corporals Coats 4 do. Breeches 6 2 4 35 Matrosses Coats 32 Pr. do. Breeches 1 Pr. do. do. Damaged 73 7 10 3 Sergeants Coats 5 Pr. do. Breeches 26 2 6 377 14 2 Carried over £ 10506 13 1 | The inventory continued from the total of £9,744 7s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £9,744 7s 0d Pitch, 42½ barrels, £46 13s 4d Tar, 38 barrels, £41 16s 0d Turpentine, 5½ barrels, £19 7s 0d Rosin, 5½ barrels, £11 10s 7d Total for pitch and tar, £119 11s 11d Starch, 2 cwt 3 qr 24 lb, £9 13s 8d Soap, 7 cwt 2 qr, £24 10s 0d Salt, 104 bushels, £15 12s 0d Scarlet shalloon, 3 pieces, £11 1s 3d Coloured shalloon, 6 pieces 5 yards, £16 11s 6d Total for shalloon, £27 12s 9d Brown fustian, 7½ pieces, £13 17s 11d Scarlet serge, 21 yards, £5 10s 3d Blue serge, 45½ yards, £12 14s 5d Green serge, 29 yards, £5 16s 0d Blue duffle, 10½ yards, £3 3s 3d Total for serge, £41 1s 10d Scale beams, 2, £14 6s 0d Scale boards, 1 pair, £3 19s 3d Total for scales and weights, £18 5s 8d Saddles, 4, £19 13s 4d Boys' jackets, damaged, 6, and green duffle jackets, 76, £18 4s 1d Shirts, 143, £19 19s 0d Canvas drawers, 34 pairs, £1 17s 2d Boys' breeches, 77 pairs, £10 17s 0d Men's blue duffle jackets, 34, £11 14s 10d Breeches, 70 pairs, £13 17s 2d Canvas drawers, 5 pairs, £0 4s 10d Shirts, 139, £23 6s 3d Dutch caps, 111, £6 3s 0d Total for sailors' clothes, £108 10s 9d Soldiers' coats, 184, and breeches, 184 pairs, £272 1s 6d Corporals' coats, 4, and breeches, 4 pairs, £6 2s 4d Matrosses' coats, 35, and breeches, 32 pairs, with 1 pair damaged, £73 7s 10d Sergeants' coats, 5, and breeches, 5 pairs, £26 2s 6d Total for soldiers' clothing, £377 14s 2d Carried forward, £10,506 13s 1d Interpretations The stores held 184 soldiers' suits, 35 matrosses' suits and a few for corporals and sergeants after the year's issue had been made. That reserve was large enough to clothe new recruits on arrival without waiting for the next year's shipment. It would also meet the next annual issue in part if the clothing ship were late. The sailors' clothes, nearly 300 shirts and jackets and over 100 caps, were the stock from which the Company's male slaves were dressed in the spring. Buying slops in bulk and holding them in reserve was cheaper than sending for clothing whenever the slaves' garments wore out. | |
437 | 1770 Brought Over £ 10506 13 1 Shirts vizt. 817 Soldrs. Shirts 184 3 4 Sergts. do. 1 7 4 16½ Ps. Irish Linnen 24 15 3 Ps. 8 Yds. Brown Holland 10 2 8 220 5 3 Shoes vizt. 1232 Pr. Mens Ordy. Shoes 285 4 4 3 Pr. do. Channel Pumps 18 24 Pr. Womens Calimanco Shoes 4 12 35 Pr. do. Calf do. 4 10 5 16 Pr. Girls Calimanco do. 2 8 8 Pr. do. Calf do. 16 2 Pr. Stretchers 5 2 3 Pr. Boys Shoes 9 6 299 3 5 Twine vizt. 3 1 19 Twine 20 4 8 99 Sk. Marline 1 3 9 46 Cottonwick 5 3 6 26 11 11 Thread vizt. 99 Coloured 15 5 3 24 Whited Brown 8 3 3 8 Nuns No. 38 3 12 4 27 7 Ticking vizt. 3½ Yds. Ticking 10 2 Ps. 38 Yds. Check Linnen 7 16 3 8 4 1 Tin Ware vizt. 14 Canteens 19 3 5 G. Funnels 10 9 Pudding Pans 9 26 Watering Pots 3 18 56 Lanthorn Horns 10 6 22 G. Saucepans with Covers 2 9 6 45 Double Sheets Tin 1 8 8 58 Single do. 19 4 4½ Salammoniac 12 9 8 Dripping Pans 14 3 1 Globe Lamp 8 6½ 1 Horn Lanthorn 2 11½ 13 3 2 Turners Ware vizt. 43 Scrubbing Brushes 5 11 1 2 Tubmans Yokes 3 13 Ox Bows 15 2 Turners Ware Carried over Carried Over £ 11101 1 6 | The inventory continued from the total of £10,506 13s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £10,506 13s 1d Soldiers' shirts, 817, £184 0s 3d Sergeants' shirts, 4, £1 7s 4d Irish linen, 16½ pieces, £24 15s 0d Brown holland, 3 pieces 8 yards, £10 2s 8d Total for shirts, £220 5s 3d Men's ordinary shoes, 1,232 pairs, £285 4s 4d Men's channelled pumps, 3 pairs, £0 18s 0d Women's calamanco shoes, 24 pairs, £4 12s 0d Women's calf leather shoes, 33 pairs, £4 10s 5d Girls' calamanco shoes, 16 pairs, £2 8s 0d Girls' calf leather shoes, 8 pairs, £0 16s 0d [...], 2 pairs, £0 5s 2d Boys' shoes, 3 pairs, £0 9s 6d Total for shoes, £299 3s 5d Twine, 3 [...] 1 qr 10 lb, £20 4s 8d Marline, 99 skeins, £1 3s 9d Cotton wick, 46 lb, £5 3s 6d Total for twine, £26 11s 11d Coloured thread, 99 lb, £15 5s 3d Whitened brown thread, 24 lb, £8 3s 0d Nuns' thread no. 38, 3 lb 3 oz, £3 12s 4d Total for thread, £27 0s 7d Ticking, 2½ yards, £0 7s 10d Checked linen, 2 pieces 38 yards, £7 16s 3d Total for ticking, £8 4s 1d Canteens, 14, £0 19s 3d Gallon funnels, 5, £0 10s 0d Pudding pans, 9, £0 9s 0d Watering pots, 76, £3 18s 0d Lantern horns, 56, £0 10s 6d Gallon saucepans with covers, 22, £2 9s 6d Double sheets of tin, 43, £1 8s 8d Single sheets of tin, 58, £0 19s 4d Sal ammoniac, 4½ lb, £0 12s 9d Dripping pans, 8, £0 14s 8d Globe lamp, 1, £0 8s 6½d Horn lantern, 1, £0 2s 11½d Total for tinware, £13 3s 2d Scrubbing brushes, 43, £5 11s 1d Tubman's yokes, 2, £0 3s 0d Ox bows, 13, £0 15s 2d Turnery carried forward Carried forward, £11,101 1s 6d Interpretations The stores held 1,232 pairs of men's shoes and 817 soldiers' shirts, about three pairs of shoes and two shirts for every man in the garrison. That was the reserve from which the warehouse sold shoes and shirts to the soldiers every quarter, with the cost stopped from their pay. Shoes sold at a rate of 300 or more pairs a quarter, so the stock would last about a year, until the next clothing ship. Lantern horns were thin, translucent plates of horn fitted in place of glass in lanterns. They were less likely to break than glass, and replacements were kept for the lanterns of the guards and boats. | |
438 | 15th October Brought Over £ 11101 1 6 Turners ware brought over 21 Skimming Dishes 6 9 122 Shoe Brushes 4 11 10 10 Pump Boxes 1 14 7 137 Lab. Baskets 4 do. Damaged 8 12 83 Paint Brushes 2 2 2 111 Plaistr. do. 5 9 1 12 Lath wheel do. 1 5 4 19 Buckle do. 10 8 81 Wood Bowls 4 6 8 74 Platters 4 9 5 17 Mops 1 1 3 68 Punch Ladles 1 18 3 34 Hair Brooms 4 10 2 39 Birch do. 1 4 7 12 Baskets 1 7 3 4 Yokes for Oxen 2 14 17 Butchers Trays 1 4 5 7 Brushes for Tables 5 10 1 Constables Staff 8 3 1 Cloth Brush 2 54 13 2 European Goods amount to £ 11155 14 8 India Goods vizt. Arrack 996 G. @ 3/4 121 3 China ware vizt. 22 Soup Dishes 6 10 2 63 Round Soup Plates 1 9 9 36 Chamellet do. 1 15 394 Octagon do. 9 11 6 33 do. Meat Dishes 3 12 11 64 do. Plates 1 14 11 16 Tureens 2 8 14 Tureen Dishes 2 5 17 Guglets 7 Basons 1 4 1 Tea Pot 1 32 Bowls 2 102 Sneekers 1 14 16 Baking Dishes 17 4 79 Sallad do. 2 10 3 4 Chamber Pots 3 2 38 11 6 Chelloes 195½ Ps. 84 4 9 Candles 39 3 13 508 8 2 Pepper 1 3 4 4 Carried Over | The inventory of European goods closed with the remaining turnery, and the inventory of Indian goods began. Brought forward, £11,101 1s 6d Skimming dishes, 21, £0 6s 9d Shoe brushes, 172, £4 11s 10d Pump boxes, 10, £1 14s 7d Labourers' baskets, 137, with 4 more damaged, £8 12s 0d Paint brushes, 83, £2 2s 2d Plasterers' brushes, 111, £5 9s 1d [...] brushes, 12, £1 5s 4d Buckle brushes, 19, £0 10s 8d Wooden bowls, 81, £4 6s 8d Platters, 74, £4 9s 5d Mops, 17, £1 1s 3d Punch ladles, 68, £1 18s 3d Hair brooms, 34, £4 10s 2d Birch brooms, 39, £1 4s 7d Flaskets, 12, £1 7s 3d Ox yokes, 4, £2 14s 0d Butchers' trays, 17, £1 4s 5d Brushes for tables, 7, £0 5s 10d Constable's staff, 1, £0 8s 3d Clothes brush, 1, £0 2s 0d Total for turnery, £54 13s 2d Total for European goods, £11,155 14s 8d Indian goods Arrack, 905½ gallons, £121 3s 0d China soup dishes, 22, £6 10s 2d China round soup plates, 63, £1 9s 9d China enamelled soup plates, 36, £1 15s 0d China octagonal soup plates, 394, £9 11s 6d China octagonal meat dishes, 33, £3 12s 11d China octagonal plates, 64, £1 14s 11d China tureens, 16, £2 8s 0d China tureen dishes, 14, £2 5s 0d China guglets, 17, and basins, 7, £1 4s 0d China teapot, 1, £0 1s 0d China bowls, 32, £2 0s 0d China sneakers, 102, £1 14s 0d China baking dishes, 16, £0 17s 4d China salad dishes, 79, £2 10s 3d China chamber pots, 4, £0 8s 2d Total for china, £38 11s 6d Chelloes, [...] pieces, £84 4s 9d Candles, [...], £508 8s 2d Pepper, 1 qr 5 lb, £4 4s 0d Interpretations The European goods in store were valued at £11,155 14s 8d, against a quarter's sales to the Company's servants of about £1,700. The warehouse held several years' supply of most articles, as an island that saw ships only in a few months of each year had to. Of the Indian goods, candles were by far the most valuable, at over £500. The wax candles from Bengal cost 75 rupees a maund and were bought for the Castle, the Council and the guards. Lighting the island's government through the long winter nights was among the Company's larger fixed costs. | |
439 | 1770 Brought Over Tea vizt. C. qr. lb. 4 3 16 Bohea 19 8 2 1 2 1 Single 11 5 4 30 13 6 Long Cloth vizt. 19½ Ps. L. 95 11 3 Ps. D. 12 13 6 ½ Ps. W. 1 4 9 18 Ps. Q. 50 9 6 29 Ps. S. 81 6 5 28 Ps. T. 40 19 21 Ps. U. 25 6 2 Ps. No. 8 5 10 4 2½ Ps. No. 9 3 5 7 1½ Ps. W. 2 6 318 5 7 Sugar & Candy vizt. 135 2 Sugar 259 6 6 218 11 Candy 508 17 11 768 4 5 Rice & Paddy vizt. 914 3 20 Rice 470 16 3 242 1 21 Paddy 54 1 2 524 17 5 European & India Goods amount to £ 13554 7 Errors Excepted (signed) Matthew Burling Sept. 30th 1770 List of the Honble. Company's Officers & Servants upon the Island St. Helena with their several Salarys, Diet money &c. for the Quarter ending 30 Sept. 1770 vizt. John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Salary 150 do. Allowance for Servants 31 14 9 181 14 9 Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Governor 62 10 do. Diet Money 25 87 10 Matthew Burling Esqr. of Council 32 10 do. Accountant 17 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. Gratuity 15 80 William Bearcroft Chaplain 40 do. Diet Money 15 55 Carried Over £ 404 4 9 | The inventory of Indian goods closed with tea, long cloth, sugar and rice. Bohea tea, 4 cwt 3 qr 16 lb, £19 8s 2d Singlo tea, 1 cwt 2 qr 1 lb, £11 5s 4d Total for tea, £30 13s 6d Long cloth marked L, 19½ pieces, £95 11s 0d Long cloth marked D, 3 pieces, £12 13s 6d Long cloth marked [...], ½ piece, £1 4s 9d Long cloth marked R, 18 pieces, £50 9s 6d Long cloth marked S, 29 pieces, £81 6s 5d Long cloth marked F, 28 pieces, £40 19s 0d Long cloth marked U, 21 pieces, £25 0s 6d Long cloth no. 8, 2 pieces, £5 10s 4d Long cloth no. 9, 2½ pieces, £3 5s 7d Long cloth marked Q, ½ piece, £2 6s 0d Total for long cloth, £318 5s 7d Sugar, 135 cwt [...], £259 6s 6d Sugar candy, 218 cwt [...] 11 lb, £508 17s 11d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £768 4s 5d Rice, 914 cwt 3 qr 20 lb, £470 16s 3d Paddy, 242 cwt 1 qr 21 lb, £54 1s 2d Total for rice and paddy, £524 17s 5d Total for European and Indian goods, £13,554 7s 0d Matthew Purling signed the inventory on 30 September 1770, with errors excepted. The list of the Company's officers and servants on the island followed, with their salaries, diet money and other allowances for the quarter ending 30 September 1770. John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d Total for John Skottowe, £181 14s 9d Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d Total for Daniel Corneille, £87 10s 0d Matthew Purling, as member of Council, £32 10s 0d Matthew Purling, as accountant, £17 10s 0d Matthew Purling, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Purling, gratuity, £15 0s 0d Total for Matthew Purling, £80 0s 0d William Bearcroft, chaplain, salary, £40 0s 0d William Bearcroft, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for William Bearcroft, £55 0s 0d Carried forward, £404 4s 9d Interpretations Matthew Purling signed the inventory himself, as the Council had appointed him to do on 27 August 1770. The stock he counted was worth £13,554 7s 0d, about four times a quarter's pay for the whole establishment. A large part of it, the sugar, candy and arrack, was goods in which Purling had a private interest through the arrack society. The Company relied on one councillor's count to check the storekeeper's books. No second councillor's signature stands beside his, so the Court in London had only Purling's word for the value of everything in its warehouses. The stores held more than 218 cwt of sugar candy, against about 135 cwt of ordinary sugar. Candy was the dearer of the two and went chiefly into punch at the Castle and in the officers' households. The quantity in reserve shows how much of the island's sugar supply went to that use. | |
440 | 15th October Brought Over £ 404 4 9 Matthew Bazett Secretary 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 James Powell Storekeeper 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 William Wrangham Paymaster 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Assistant to the Govr. 10 55 James Tippet Engineer 50 do. House Rent 2 10 52 10 Jonathan Doveton Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Assistant Storekeeper 5 30 Brittannicus Wright Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Collector of the Customs 12 10 37 10 John Goodwin Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 25 George Bazett Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Clerk of the Works 6 16 10½ 26 16 10½ James Desfountain Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 20 William Doveton Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 17 10 Robert Barclay Surgeon 19 15 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 32 5 John Pritchard do. Mate 13 15 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 26 5 John Congreve Judge Advocate 12 10 do. Schoolmaster 7 10 do. House Rent 2 10 22 10 Thomas Bazett Superintend. of the Works 25 Philip Mahony Clerk of the Peace 27 10 do. House Rent 2 10 30 Samuel Alexander Overseers 7 10 John Worrall 15 Solomon St. Maurice Master at Arms 6 5 John Robinson Carpenter 25 Carried Over £ 948 6 7½ | The list of officers and servants continued from the total of £404 4s 9d brought forward. Brought forward, £404 4s 9d Matthew Bazett, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Matthew Bazett, £45 0s 0d James Powell, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d James Powell, diet money, £15 0s 0d James Powell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Powell, £45 0s 0d William Wrangham, paymaster, salary, £27 10s 0d William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d William Wrangham, as assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d Total for William Wrangham, £55 0s 0d James Tippet, engineer, salary, £50 0s 0d James Tippet, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Tippet, £52 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, as assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d Total for Jonathan Doveton, £30 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, diet money, £10 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, house rent, £2 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, as collector of the customs, £12 10s 0d Total for Britannicus Wright, £37 10s 0d John Gordon, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d John Gordon, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Gordon, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Gordon, £25 0s 0d George Bazett, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d George Bazett, diet money, £10 0s 0d George Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d George Bazett, as clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d Total for George Bazett, £26 16s 10½d James Desfountain, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Desfountain, £20 0s 0d William Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d William Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d Total for William Doveton, £17 10s 0d Robert Barclay, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d Robert Barclay, diet money, £10 0s 0d Robert Barclay, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Barclay, £32 5s 0d John Pritchard, surgeon's mate, salary, £13 15s 0d John Pritchard, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Pritchard, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Pritchard, £26 5s 0d John Congreve, judge advocate, £12 10s 0d John Congreve, schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Congreve, £22 10s 0d Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d Philip Mahony, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 10s 0d Philip Mahony, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Philip Mahony, £30 0s 0d Samuel Alexander, overseer, £7 10s 0d John Worrall, overseer, £15 0s 0d Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d Carried forward, £948 6s 7½d Interpretations William Wrangham's pay was rearranged that quarter. In the first half of 1770 he had drawn £15 as eldest factor, £12 10s 0d as paymaster and £10 diet money, as well as his house rent and assistant's allowance, £50 in all. He now drew a single salary of £27 10s 0d as paymaster, with £15 diet money, the same rate as the secretary and the storekeeper. That brought his quarter to £55. The Court's packets of 9 May 1770, read to Wrangham among others, had evidently ranked the paymaster with the other heads of department. A post he had held as an add-on to his factor's rank was now an office in its own right. Philip Mahony's petition of 30 July 1770 had changed nothing. He was still paid £30 a quarter as clerk of the peace, now well below the second lieutenants he had once matched. The Council could only forward his case to the Court, and no answer could come before the next season's ships. | |
441 | 1770 Brought Over £ 948 6 7½ James Hogg Carpenters Mate 12 10 John Drawwater Cooper 15 John Robins Armourer 15 Hugh Jones Superintend. of the Blacks 10 John Preston Mason 20 Robert Leech Steward 7 10 Thomas Yates Clerk of the Church 5 John Joyce Clock & Instrumt. Cleaner 1 5 Robt. Allum Groom disch. 10 William Crabb do. Entd. 1 10 James Miller Patroon of the Long Boats 5 6 1 John Price Marshal & Goaler 7 10 James Carmitchell Gardener 10 To the Drum Major for instructg. the young Drummers 1 First Company vizt. Daniel Corneille Captain 59 6 3 Solomon St. Maurice Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 34 4 4½ Charles Ross Steward Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Adjutant 18 5 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 52 9 4½ William Caldwell Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ William Roberts Town Adjutant 32 3 4½ Sergeants vizt. Henry Howell 7 13 4 John Allman 7 13 4 George Seale 7 13 4 Thomas Mears 7 13 4 Thomas Pearce 7 13 4 38 6 8 Corporals vizt. Abraham Jewis 5 7 4 Henry Clarke 5 7 4 Andrew Alexander 5 7 4 Patrick Newland 5 7 4 21 9 4 Drummers vizt. John Swaits 5 7 4 Richard Playfoot 5 7 4 George Watts 5 7 4 16 2 Private vizt. John Buckmans 3 16 8 Moses Griffin 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 7 13 4 Carried Over £ 1351 3 2¼ | The list of officers and servants continued from the total of £948 6s 7½d brought forward. The First Company followed. Brought forward, £948 6s 7½d James Hay, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d John Drawater, cooper, £15 0s 0d John Robins, armourer, £15 0s 0d Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d John Preston, mason, £20 0s 0d Robert Leech, steward, £7 10s 0d Thomas Yates, clerk of the church, £5 0s 0d John Joyce, clock and instrument cleaner, £1 5s 0d Robert Allum, groom, discharged, £0 10s 0d William Crabb, groom, from his entry, £1 10s 0d James Miller, coxswain of the longboats, £5 6s 1d John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d James Carmichael, gardener, £10 0s 0d Drum major, for teaching the young drummers, £1 0s 0d Daniel Corneille, captain of the First Company, £59 6s 3d Solomon St Maurice, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Solomon St Maurice, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Solomon St Maurice, £34 4s 4½d Charles Ross Stewart, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Charles Ross Stewart, as adjutant, £18 5s 0d Charles Ross Stewart, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Charles Ross Stewart, £52 9s 4½d William Caldwell, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d William Caldwell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d William Caldwell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Caldwell, £36 14s 4½d William Roberts, town adjutant, £32 3s 1½d Henry Howell, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Ullman, sergeant, £7 13s 4d George Seale, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Mean, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Pearce, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £38 6s 8d Abraham Jarvis, corporal, £5 7s 4d Henry Clarke, corporal, £5 7s 4d Andrew Alexander, corporal, £5 7s 4d Patrick Nowland, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £21 9s 4d John Swaks, drummer, £5 7s 4d Richard Ratfoot, drummer, £5 7s 4d George Watts, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £16 2s 0d John Buchanans, private, £3 16s 8d Moses Biffen, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £7 13s 4d Carried forward, £1,351 3s 2½d Interpretations Robert Allum was paid as groom only until his discharge on 23 July 1770, and William Crabb took his place in the stables. Crabb had been one of the gunners in the Artillery Company. The Council again filled a civil post with a soldier who could do the work. That gave the soldier a few extra pounds a year and spared the Company the cost of bringing out a groom from England. The privates' and non-commissioned officers' pay rose slightly that quarter, a private to £3 16s 8d against £3 15s 10d. The quarter from July to September ran to 92 days, two more than the first quarter. Pay was reckoned by the day, so the longer quarter cost the Company more even though no rates had changed. | |
442 | 15th October Brought Over £ 1351 3 2½ Private Brought Over £ 7 13 4 John Bull 3 16 8 Timothy Bryan 3 16 8 Emanuel Bonner 3 16 8 William Benson 3 16 8 Benj. Barclay 3 16 8 Richd. Brown 3 16 8 Thomas Berwick 3 16 8 Mark Balls 3 16 8 Joseph Beecham 3 16 8 Stephen Basset 3 16 8 Edward Coker 3 16 8 Patrick Conner 3 16 8 John Charlton 3 16 8 Willm. Coppin 3 16 8 Anthony Clarke 3 16 8 Arundel Carnes 3 16 8 John Coulson 3 16 8 John Cooker 3 16 8 Thomas Coleman 3 16 8 Ralph Clavering 3 16 8 John Davis 3 16 8 John Dove 3 16 8 James Drake 3 16 8 Adam Evans 3 16 8 Henry Easter 3 16 8 John Ellis 3 16 8 William French 3 16 8 William Fisher 3 16 8 Robert Ford 3 16 8 William Greenwood 3 16 8 John Grainger 3 16 8 William Henderson 3 16 8 John Houston 3 16 8 Philip Hayes 3 16 8 John Hammond to 28th July Deserted 1 5 4 John Hill 3 16 8 Thomas Houching 3 16 8 John Harlett 3 16 8 John Harrison 3 16 8 Willm. Jones 3 16 8 Thomas Love 3 16 8 Duncan McLaren 3 16 8 Willm. Mumford 3 16 8 John McAllister 3 16 8 James Miller 3 16 8 Willm. Mudge 3 16 8 Willm. Page 3 16 8 John Pitt 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 189 Carried over £ 1351 3 2½ | The privates of the First Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £1,351 3s 2½d Privates brought forward, £7 13s 4d John Bull, private, £3 16s 8d Timothy Byrne, private, £3 16s 8d Emanuel Bonner, private, £3 16s 8d William Benson, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Barclay, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Broom, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Berwick, private, £3 16s 8d Mark Batts, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Beecham, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Bassett, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Corker, private, £3 16s 8d Patrick Connor, private, £3 16s 8d John Charlton, private, £3 16s 8d William Coppin, private, £3 16s 8d Anthony Clarke, private, £3 16s 8d Arundel Carnes, private, £3 16s 8d John Coulson, private, £3 16s 8d John Corker, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Coleman, private, £3 16s 8d Ralph Clavering, private, £3 16s 8d John Davis, private, £3 16s 8d John Dove, private, £3 16s 8d James Drake, private, £3 16s 8d Adam Evans, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Eastear, private, £3 16s 8d John Ellis, private, £3 16s 8d William French, private, £3 16s 8d William Fisher, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Ford, private, £3 16s 8d William Greenwood, private, £3 16s 8d John Grainger, private, £3 16s 8d William Henderson, private, £3 16s 8d John Hourston, private, £3 16s 8d Philip Hayes, private, £3 16s 8d John Hammond, private, to 28 July, deserted, £1 5s 4d John Hill, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hutching, private, £3 16s 8d John Hurley, private, £3 16s 8d John Harrison, private, £3 16s 8d William Jones, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Love, private, £3 16s 8d Duncan McLaren, private, £3 16s 8d William Mumford, private, £3 16s 8d John McAllister, private, £3 16s 8d James Miller, private, £3 16s 8d William Mudge, private, £3 16s 8d William Page, private, £3 16s 8d John Pitt, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £189 0s 0d Carried forward, £1,351 3s 2½d Interpretations John Hammond was one of the seven men who took the longboat on the night of 28 July 1770, and his pay stopped that day. The pay list entered him as a deserter. That was the same treatment given to Jeremiah Whorrill and Robert Frankish in April, who were never found. Pay owed to a deserter was forfeit. The small balance of £1 5s 4d stayed in the Company's hands instead of passing to any heir. | |
443 | [Last line at the foot of the page partly cut off at the edge of the image.] 1770 Brought over £ 1351 3 2½ Private Brought over £ 189 William Robinson 3 16 8 Thomas Rogers 3 16 8 Anthony Reynolds 3 16 8 George Rowe 3 16 8 William Rowlands 3 16 8 Stephen Redding 3 16 8 Thomas Roads 3 16 8 William Swaby 3 16 8 John Stewart 3 16 8 Edward Stephenson 3 16 8 Joseph Stacy 3 16 8 James Snell 3 16 8 William Smith 3 16 8 John Springthorpe 3 16 8 Gregory Southernwood 3 16 8 William Saunders 3 16 8 Christopher Smith 3 16 8 William Tipper 3 16 8 John Tanton 3 16 8 Thomas Townsend 3 16 8 John Thistlewith 3 16 8 William Thomas 3 16 8 Joseph Valentine 3 16 8 John Whittingdale 3 16 8 Benj. Wise 3 16 8 Thomas Windall 3 16 8 George Wall 3 16 8 Bartholemew Welch 3 16 8 John Willson 3 16 8 Timothy Walton 3 16 8 Henry Wood 3 16 8 John Walters 3 16 8 John White 3 16 8 315 16 Second Company vizt. Henry Bazett Captain 59 6 3 Thomas Lambert Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ John Bazett Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. John Salisbury 7 13 4 William Herrick 7 13 4 Francis Seale 7 13 4 Joseph Whaley 7 13 4 James Glynn 7 13 4 38 6 8 Carried Over £ 1837 16 10½ | The privates of the First Company closed with the following names, carried on from the totals brought forward. The Second Company followed. Brought forward, £1,351 3s 2½d Privates brought forward, £189 0s 0d William Robinson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Rogers, private, £3 16s 8d Anthony Reynolds, private, £3 16s 8d George Roe, private, £3 16s 8d William Rowland, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Redding, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Rhodes, private, £3 16s 8d William Swaby, private, £3 16s 8d John Stewart, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Stevenson, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Stacey, private, £3 16s 8d James Snell, private, £3 16s 8d William Smelt, private, £3 16s 8d John Springthorp, private, £3 16s 8d Gregory Southwood, private, £3 16s 8d William Saunders, private, £3 16s 8d Christopher Smith, private, £3 16s 8d William Tipper, private, £3 16s 8d John Tanton, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Townsend, private, £3 16s 8d John Thistlewood, private, £3 16s 8d William Thomas, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Valentine, private, £3 16s 8d John Whittingdale, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Wise, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Windall, private, £3 16s 8d George Wall, private, £3 16s 8d Bartholomew Welch, private, £3 16s 8d John Willson, private, £3 16s 8d Timothy Walters, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Wood, private, £3 16s 8d John Waters, private, £3 16s 8d John White, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates of the First Company, £315 16s 0d Henry Bazett, captain of the Second Company, £59 6s 3d Thomas Lambert, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Lambert, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Lambert, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Lambert, £36 14s 4½d John Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Bazett, £36 14s 4½d John Salisbury, sergeant, £7 13s 4d William Merrick, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Francis Seale, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £7 13s 4d James Elgin, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £38 6s 8d Carried forward, £1,837 14s 10½d Interpretations The Second Company now listed only two lieutenants. Michael Frost, its first lieutenant, had been placed on half pay on 16 June 1770 because of blindness and ill health, and he no longer appeared with the company. His half pay would be entered among the pensioners. The Council had not filled his place, perhaps waiting for the Court to approve the change before promoting anyone into a vacancy the Directors might yet dispute. | |
444 | 15th October Brought Over £ 1837 14 10½ Corporals vizt. Joseph McAtency 5 7 4 William Harris 5 7 4 William Jones 5 7 4 Charles Holloway 5 7 4 21 9 4 Drummers vizt. John Brown 5 7 4 Benjamin Seale 5 7 4 10 14 8 Private vizt. Robt. Allum to 23 July discharged 19 2 Thomas Alesworth Senr. 3 16 8 Thomas Alesworth Junr. 3 16 8 Willm. Birch 3 16 8 William Brooks 3 16 8 Daniel Bye 3 16 8 Henry Batchelor 3 16 8 John Blavin 3 16 8 James Beard 3 16 8 Robt. Bond to 1st August died 1 6 8 Willm. Carter 3 16 8 Willm. Conquest to 28 July deserted 1 3 4 John Cunningham 3 16 8 James Challis 3 16 8 Willm. Dunnan 3 16 8 John Daily 3 16 8 Nicholas Dennis 3 16 8 Willm. Dowsing from 8th August Entd. 2 5 William Daniels 3 16 8 Peter Ellam 3 16 8 Patrick Elrington 3 16 8 David Evans 3 16 8 William England 3 16 8 John Forbes 3 16 8 Willm. Fulwood 3 16 8 John Goodall 3 16 8 John Gray 3 16 8 R. Richd. Grosvenor 3 16 8 Robt. Gunn 3 16 8 Philip Gleeson 3 16 8 Nicholas Godfrey 3 16 8 David Grant 3 16 8 William Harris 3 16 8 Samuel Hiles 3 16 8 Abraham Harding to 8th August disch. 1 12 6 John Holbrook 3 16 8 James Hudson 3 16 8 Thomas Hales 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 133 16 8 Carried Over £ 1869 18 10½ | The Second Company's list continued from the total of £1,837 14s 10½d brought forward. Brought forward, £1,837 14s 10½d Joseph McAdney, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Harris, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Jones, corporal, £5 7s 4d Charles Holloway, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £21 9s 4d John Brown, drummer, £5 7s 4d Benjamin Seale, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Robert Allum, private, to 23 July, discharged, £0 19s 2d Thomas Ashworth senior, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Ashworth junior, private, £3 16s 8d William Birch, private, £3 16s 8d William Brooks, private, £3 16s 8d Daniel Boyce, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Batchelor, private, £3 16s 8d John Blavin, private, £3 16s 8d James Beard, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Bond, private, to 1 August, died, £1 6s 8d William Carter, private, £3 16s 8d William Conquest, private, to 28 July, deserted, £1 3s 4d John Cunningham, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Chales, private, £3 16s 8d William Drennan, private, £3 16s 8d John Dailey, private, £3 16s 8d Nicholas Dennis, private, £3 16s 8d William Dowsing, private, enlisted 2 August, £2 5s 0d William Daniels, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Ellam, private, £3 16s 8d Patrick Etherington, private, £3 16s 8d David Evans, private, £3 16s 8d William England, private, £3 16s 8d John Forbes, private, £3 16s 8d William Fulwood, private, £3 16s 8d John Goodsole, private, £3 16s 8d John Gray, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Richmond Grosvenor, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Gunn, private, £3 16s 8d Philip Gleeson, private, £3 16s 8d Nicholas Godfrey, private, £3 16s 8d David Grant, private, £3 16s 8d William Harris, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Hiles, private, £3 16s 8d Abraham Harding, private, to 8 August, discharged, £1 12s 6d John Holbrook, private, £3 16s 8d James Hudson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hayles, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £133 16s 8d Carried forward, £1,869 18s 10½d Interpretations The page shows each way a man could leave the Second Company that quarter. Robert Allum was discharged at the end of his term on 23 July 1770. William Conquest deserted in the longboat five days later. Robert Bond died on 1 August, and his death was recorded in the Council's minutes of 4 August. Abraham Harding was discharged on 8 August, probably to take passage in the Fox, which sailed two days later. Only William Dowsing, enlisted on 2 August, joined to replace them. The garrison was losing men faster than single recruits from passing ships could fill the gaps, and no draft from England could be expected until the next spring. | |
445 | 1770 Brought over £ 1869 18 10½ Private Brought over £ 133 16 8 John Ham 3 16 8 Augustine Hitchcock 3 16 8 Thomas Hart 3 16 8 Robt. Hardie 3 16 8 John Haynge 3 16 8 Jacob Hirkin 3 16 8 Thos. Hunt from 31 July Entd. 2 11 8 Saml. Inslove 3 16 8 Willm. Johnson 3 16 8 John James 3 16 8 Francs. Jackson 3 16 8 John Jacobs 3 16 8 John Jones 3 16 8 Saml. Hitson 3 16 8 Henry Kirkham 3 16 8 John King 3 16 8 William Kingscot 3 16 8 Thomas Little 3 16 8 John Lockhart 3 16 8 Henry Miller 3 16 8 John Morrice 3 16 8 John McCullen 3 16 8 Willm. McBeath 3 16 8 Thomas Morgan 3 16 8 Thomas Matthews to 3 August discharged 1 12 6 Francis Mears 3 16 8 Peter Madan 3 16 8 John Mon Transd. 7 6 Reves Osborne 3 16 8 George Oliver 3 16 8 John Pavy 3 16 8 Stephen Pryor 3 16 8 Jacob Peters 3 16 8 Saml. Packer 3 16 8 Thos. Palmer 3 16 8 Thos. Penrea Entd. 11th Sept. 16 8 John Christian Sharp 3 16 8 Thomas Stevens 3 16 8 Fredk. Shaffer 3 16 8 George Steel Transd. 1 10 10 John Stevens 3 16 8 Wm. Richardson to 28 July deserted 1 3 4 John Vaughan 3 16 8 John Wyrill 3 16 8 Richd. Wallace to 8th August disch. 1 12 6 Saml. Warren 3 16 8 John Wilkinson 3 16 8 Francs. Venable 3 16 8 300 15 Carr. over £ 2170 13 10½ | The privates of the Second Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £1,869 18s 10½d Privates brought forward, £133 16s 8d John Ham, private, £3 16s 8d Augustine Hitchcock, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hart, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Hardie, private, £3 16s 8d John Haynge, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob [...], private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hunt, private, enlisted 31 July, £2 11s 8d Samuel Indone, private, £3 16s 8d William Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d John James, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Jackson, private, £3 16s 8d John Jacobs, private, £3 16s 8d John Jones, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Kitson, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Kirkham, private, £3 16s 8d John King, private, £3 16s 8d William Kingscott, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Little, private, £3 16s 8d John Lockhart, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Miller, private, £3 16s 8d John Morris, private, £3 16s 8d John McCullen, private, £3 16s 8d William McBeth, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Morgan, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Matthews, private, to 3 August, discharged, £1 12s 6d Francis Mears, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Mayhan, private, £3 16s 8d John Moran, private, transferred, £0 7s 6d Reeves Osborne, private, £3 16s 8d George Oliver, private, £3 16s 8d John Povey, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Pryor, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Peters, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Packer, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Palmer, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Penrea, private, enlisted 11 September, £0 16s 8d John Christian Shipp, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Stowers, private, £1 10s 10d Frederick Shaffer, private, £3 16s 8d George Sheets, private, transferred, £[...] John Shores, private, £3 16s 8d William Richardson, private, to 28 July, deserted, £1 3s 4d John Vaughan, private, £3 16s 8d John Wyatt, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Wallace, private, to 8 August, discharged, £1 12s 6d Samuel Warren, private, £3 16s 8d John Wilkinson, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Vennable, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates of the Second Company, £300 15s 0d Carried forward, £2,170 13s 10½d Interpretations William Richardson was the second Second Company private to desert in the longboat on 28 July 1770, with William Conquest on the previous page. Thomas Matthews and Richard Wallace were discharged in early August, in time to sail with the Anson or the Fox. Against these four losses the company gained only Thomas Hunt and Thomas Penrea, enlisted singly. The company's strength drifted downwards through the winter, as the Council could make up men only one at a time from ships calling at the island. | |
446 | 15th October Brought over £ 2170 13 10½ Third Company vizt. Richd. Beale Captain 59 6 3 Thomas Bazett Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Thomas Statham Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Richard Mason Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. William Clifton 7 13 4 James Goudy 7 13 4 David Scott 7 13 4 Thomas Hughes 7 13 4 John Jacks 7 13 4 42 18 8 Corporals vizt. William Hill 5 7 4 William Hamilton 5 7 4 Thomas Nash 5 7 4 George Short 5 7 4 21 9 4 Drummers vizt. George Varney 5 7 4 George Martin 5 7 4 10 14 8 Private vizt. James Anderson 3 16 8 Richd. Ashford 3 16 8 John Arden 3 16 8 Jacob Brill 3 16 8 John Blinkhorn 3 16 8 Fredk. Wm. Beard 3 16 8 Abel Bagnel 3 16 8 James Brown 3 16 8 John Bullbrook 3 16 8 Robt. Raff 3 16 8 John Cook 3 16 8 Philip Cook 3 16 8 Thomas Connell 3 16 8 Robert Curtis 3 16 8 Benj. Courtney 3 16 8 John Corbet 3 16 8 Maurice Downey 3 16 8 Robt. Downs 3 16 8 Wm. Edwards 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 72 16 8 Carr. over £ 2415 5 11 | The pay list continued with the Third Company, carried on from the total of £2,170 13s 10½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,170 13s 10½d Richard Beale, captain of the Third Company, £59 6s 3d Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Statham, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Statham, £36 14s 4½d Richard Mason, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Richard Mason, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Richard Mason, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Richard Mason, £36 14s 4½d William Clifton, sergeant, £7 13s 4d James Goudy, sergeant, £7 13s 4d David Scott, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Hughes, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Clacks, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £42 18s 8d William Hill, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Hamilton, corporal, £5 7s 4d Thomas Nash, corporal, £5 7s 4d George Short, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £21 9s 4d George Varney, drummer, £5 7s 4d John Martin, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d James Anderson, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Ashford, private, £3 16s 8d John Arden, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Bull, private, £3 16s 8d John Blenhorn, private, £3 16s 8d Frederick William Beard, private, £3 16s 8d Abel Bagnel, private, £3 16s 8d James Brown, private, £3 16s 8d John Bullbeck, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Baff, private, £3 16s 8d John Cook, private, £3 16s 8d Philip Cook, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Connell, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Court, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Courtney, private, £3 16s 8d John Corbet, private, £3 16s 8d Morris Downing, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Downs, private, £3 16s 8d William Edwards, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £72 16s 8d Carried forward, £2,415 5s 11d Interpretations James Goudy was now paid the ordinary sergeant's rate of £7 13s 4d. In the first half of 1770 he had drawn a special 2s 8d a day, and the paymaster had paid him extra for writing up the courts martial. John Congreve arrived as judge advocate on 9 May 1770 and took over the courts martial himself. The duty that had justified Goudy's higher pay ended, and his pay was brought back into line with the other sergeants. The Company paid for a skill only while it needed it. | |
447 | 1770 Brought over £ 2415 5 11 Private Brought over £ 72 16 8 Charles Edgelo 3 16 8 Thomas Elliott 3 16 8 Wm. Foster 3 16 8 Archibald Graham 3 16 8 Wm. Guernsey 3 16 8 Felix Hyder 3 16 8 Wm. Hopkins 3 16 8 Thos. Hillock 3 16 8 Jo. Holloway 3 16 8 Mannard Hayes 3 16 8 Peter Higgins 3 16 8 Edw. Hazell 3 16 8 Jno. Hilliard 3 16 8 Thos. Hayes 3 16 8 Saml. Harsant 3 16 8 John Hew 3 16 8 William Hardy 3 16 8 Josiah Johnson to 8 August Discharged 1 12 6 Richd. Johnson 3 16 8 Willm. Johnson 3 16 8 Saml. Johnson 3 16 8 John Johnson 3 16 8 Sutton Isaacs 3 16 8 James Kemp 3 16 8 Edw. Lambing 3 16 8 Bryan Lynch 3 16 8 George Lockram 3 16 8 John Lane 3 16 8 Richd. Moyce 3 16 8 Thos. Morris 3 16 8 John Miller Transd. 1 10 10 Abraham Major 3 16 8 Joseph Martin 3 16 8 Thos. Matthews 3 16 8 Abraham Miller 3 16 8 Wm. Medcalf 3 16 8 Charles Mattis 3 16 8 John Merrill 3 16 8 Thomas Perry 3 16 8 Henry Pinchen to 29 July Died 1 4 2 Willm. Perkis 3 16 8 David Patton 3 16 8 James Proctor 3 16 8 Richd. Penny 3 16 8 Saml. Redding 3 16 8 James Royer 3 16 8 Robt. Mack 3 16 8 Adam Scott Private Carried Over £ 249 18 2 Carried Over £ 2415 5 11 | The privates of the Third Company continued from the totals brought forward. Brought forward, £2,415 5s 11d Privates brought forward, £72 16s 8d Charles Edgille, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Elliott, private, £3 16s 8d William Foster, private, £3 16s 8d Archibald Graham, private, £3 16s 8d William Granups, private, £3 16s 8d Felix Hyder, private, £3 16s 8d William Hopkins, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hillock, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Holloway, private, £3 16s 8d Maynard Hayes, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Higgins, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Hazell, private, £3 16s 8d John Hilliard, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hayes, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Harvant, private, £3 16s 8d John Hew, private, £3 16s 8d William Hardy, private, £3 16s 8d Josiah Johnson, private, to 8 August, discharged, £1 12s 6d Richard Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d William Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d John Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Sutton Isaac, private, £3 16s 8d James Kemp, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Lamburn, private, £3 16s 8d Bryan Lynch, private, £3 16s 8d George Litteson, private, £3 16s 8d John Lane, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Moyse, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Morris, private, £3 16s 8d John Miller, private, transferred, £1 10s 10d Abraham Major, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Martin, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Matthews, private, £3 16s 8d Abraham Miller, private, £3 16s 8d William Medcalf, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Morris, private, £3 16s 8d John Morrell, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Perry, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Pinchen, private, to 29 July, died, £1 4s 2d William Pickes, private, £3 16s 8d David Patton, private, £3 16s 8d James Proctor, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Penney, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Redding, private, £3 16s 8d James Royer, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Stack, private, £3 16s 8d Adam Scott, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £249 18s 2d Carried forward, £2,415 5s 11d Interpretations Henry Pinchen's pay stopped on 29 July 1770, the day the Council recorded his death, and the artillery account shows the volley fired at his funeral the next day. John Miller was transferred out of the Third Company during the quarter. He was perhaps the James Miller appointed coxswain of the longboats on 20 August 1770, replacing the deserter John Criswell, though the names do not quite match. A soldier who knew the boats would have been the natural choice for the post. | |
448 | 15th October Brought over £ 2415 5 11 Private Brought over £ 249 14 2 Willm. Smith 3 16 8 Arthur Shell 3 16 8 John Shurland 3 16 8 George Smith Transd. 9 2 Richd. Slaughter 3 16 8 Richd. Spike 3 16 8 John Slade Entd. 17 July 3 7 6 John Thompson Senr. 3 16 8 Thos. Taylor 3 16 8 George Towns 3 16 8 John Thompson Junr. 3 16 8 Richd. Vincent 3 16 8 Thomas Ward 3 16 8 Hatton Walker 3 16 8 James York 3 16 8 Robt. Johnson 3 16 8 307 4 2 Forth Company vizt. John Howard Captain 59 6 3 Saml. Desfountain Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ James Greentree Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Robt. Garling Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. John Moore 7 13 4 John Deale 7 13 4 John Ivey 7 13 4 Thomas Williams 7 13 4 Thomas Hilock Corp. to 6th July £ 7 do. Sergt. from do. 7 3 4 7 10 4 38 3 8 Corporals vizt. Fras. Flynn to 10 Sept. Corpl. £ 4 4 do. from 11 do. Centinel 16 8 5 8 George Wood 5 7 4 Benj. Girard 5 7 4 15 15 4 Drummers vizt. James Moya 5 7 4 John Harper 5 7 4 10 14 8 Carried over £ 2956 13 1½ | The privates of the Third Company closed with the following names, carried on from the totals brought forward. The Fourth Company followed. Brought forward, £2,415 5s 11d Privates brought forward, £249 14s 2d William Smith, private, £3 16s 8d Arthur Shell, private, £3 16s 8d John Sharland, private, £3 16s 8d George Smith, private, transferred, £0 9s 2d Richard Slaughter, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Spike, private, £3 16s 8d John Slade, private, enlisted 17 July, £3 7s 6d John Thompson senior, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Taylor, private, £3 16s 8d George Towns, private, £3 16s 8d John Thompson junior, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Vincent, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Ward, private, £3 16s 8d Hatton Walker, private, £3 16s 8d James York, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates of the Third Company, £307 4s 2d John Howard, captain of the Fourth Company, £59 6s 3d Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Samuel Desfountain, £36 14s 4½d James Grantree, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d James Grantree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d James Grantree, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Grantree, £36 14s 4½d Robert Purling, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Robert Purling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Purling, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Purling, £36 14s 4½d John Moore, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Beale, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Terry, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Williams, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Kyloch, as corporal to 6 July, £0 7s 0d Thomas Kyloch, as sergeant from 7 July, £7 3s 4d Total for Thomas Kyloch, £7 10s 4d Total for sergeants, £38 3s 8d Francis Flynn, as corporal to [...] September, reduced, £4 4s 0d Francis Flynn, as private from 11 September, £0 16s 8d Total for Francis Flynn, £5 0s 8d George Ward, corporal, £5 7s 4d Benjamin Garrard, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £15 15s 4d James Moyes, drummer, £5 7s 4d John Harper, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Carried forward, £2,956 13s 1½d Interpretations The Fourth Company's ranks changed twice in the quarter. Thomas Kyloch, one of the corporals who had taken the £10 bounty in March, was promoted sergeant on 7 July 1770. Francis Flynn was reduced from corporal to private in September, the usual punishment for misconduct by a non-commissioned officer. Neither place was filled from below. The company ended the quarter with five sergeants and only two corporals, Ward and Garrard. Every promotion paid out of the corporals' ranks while no private was raised to take their place. With the garrison short of reliable men after the desertions of July, the Council perhaps found few privates it trusted with a corporal's duties. | |
449 | 1770 Brought Over £ 2956 13 1½ Private vizt. John Allen 3 16 8 George Bennet 3 16 8 Joseph Blackwell 3 16 8 John Bowler 3 16 8 Willm. Blackman 3 16 8 Thos. Bailey 3 16 8 Richd. Bickerstaff 3 16 8 Willm. Caleb Baldwin 3 16 8 James Boyce 3 16 8 Willm. Cockney 3 16 8 Duncan Cameron 3 16 8 James Catcher to 13 Septr. Died 3 2 6 Richd. Clax 3 16 8 Josiah Cummings 3 16 8 John Coleman 3 16 8 Thos. Christian 3 16 8 John Campion 3 16 8 John Clare 3 16 8 Thos. Dawson 3 16 8 James Dennis 3 16 8 John Euston Transd. 1 10 Charles Field 3 16 8 Henry Friendly 3 16 8 Thos. Ferris 3 16 8 Willm. Fairclif 3 16 8 George Green 3 16 8 John Gilmore 3 16 8 Edwd. German 3 16 8 Henry Hemmberg 3 16 8 Roger Haden 3 16 8 Henry Hambleton 3 16 8 Edward Hayes 3 16 8 Thos. Hilliard 3 16 8 Robt. Harmer 3 16 8 John Hearne 3 16 8 Willm. Hales 3 16 8 Christian Johnson 3 16 8 Thos. Johnson 3 16 8 John Joya 3 16 8 James Jordan 3 16 8 John Jones 3 16 8 Richd. Kempton 3 16 8 Michael Kenny 3 16 8 Thos. Lyne 3 16 8 Chas. Lewellen 3 16 8 Timothy Larry 3 16 8 Murdock McLeod Private Carried over £ 177 2 6 Carried Over £ 2956 13 1½ | The privates of the Fourth Company followed, carried on from the total of £2,956 13s 1½d brought forward. Brought forward, £2,956 13s 1½d John Allen, private, £3 16s 8d George Bennet, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Blackwell, private, £3 16s 8d John Bowler, private, £3 16s 8d William Blackman, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Bailey, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Bickerstaff, private, £3 16s 8d William Caleb Baldwin, private, £3 16s 8d James Boyce, private, £3 16s 8d William Corkrey, private, £3 16s 8d Duncan Cameron, private, £3 16s 8d James Culcher, private, to 13 September, died, £3 2s 6d Richard Close, private, £3 16s 8d Isaiah Cummins, private, £3 16s 8d John Cleman, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Christian, private, £3 16s 8d John Campen, private, £3 16s 8d John Clare, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Dawson, private, £3 16s 8d James Dennis, private, £3 16s 8d John Eustone, private, transferred, £1 10s 0d Charles Field, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Friendly, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Ferris, private, £3 16s 8d William Fairdiff, private, £3 16s 8d George Green, private, £3 16s 8d John Gilmore, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Garman, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Hemming, private, £3 16s 8d Roger Haydon, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Hamilton, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Hayes, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hilliard, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Harmer, private, £3 16s 8d John Hearn, private, £3 16s 8d William Hales, private, £3 16s 8d Christian Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d John Joyce, private, £3 16s 8d James Joden, private, £3 16s 8d John Jones, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Kempton, private, £3 16s 8d Michael Kenny, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Lyne, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Lewellen, private, £3 16s 8d Timothy Lacey, private, £3 16s 8d Murdoch McCloud, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried forward, £177 2s 6d Carried forward, £2,956 13s 1½d Interpretations James Culcher's pay ran to 13 September 1770, the day the Council recorded his death. He was the fourth private of the garrison to die that quarter, after Henry Pinchen on 29 July, Robert Bond on 1 August and Sergeant Adam Watson's fall in early July. Deaths, desertions and discharges between them cost the garrison more than a dozen men in three winter months, with only five or six single recruits to replace them. | |
450 | 15th October Brought over £ 2956 13 1½ Private Brought over £ 177 2 6 John Moyce 3 16 8 Thos. McDearman 3 16 8 Robt. May 3 16 8 Wm. Morgan 3 16 8 John Mallet 3 16 8 John Moya 3 16 8 Richd. Mundies 3 16 8 Thos. Mather Transd. 6 8 John Newton 3 16 8 James Newport 3 16 8 John Oswald 3 16 8 Danl. Patrick 3 16 8 Willm. Parker 3 16 8 Thomas Pritchard 3 16 8 John Pink 3 16 8 John Phair 3 16 8 James Richardson 3 16 8 John Shaw 3 16 8 Willm. Scotman 3 16 8 Willm. Steadman 3 16 8 James Sax 3 16 8 Charles Smith 3 16 8 James Stoppard 3 16 8 Willm. Sharp to 6th July a do. £ 5 do. Corpl. from 7 do. 5 5 4 5 5 4 John Slade Transd. 9 2 Geo. Smith Entd. from 3d. Comp. 17 July made Corpl. 6 Sept. £ 2 10 10 do. Corpl. from 6 do. 1 3 4 3 14 2 John Tolliddale 3 16 8 Willm. Taylor 3 16 8 Willm. Tucker 3 16 8 Stephen Vanderbont 3 16 8 Willm. Wait 3 16 8 Thos. Watts 3 16 8 James Willson 3 16 8 Saml. Willson 3 16 8 Peter White 3 16 8 John Wood 3 16 8 Joseph West 3 16 8 313 7 10 Artillery Company vizt. James Tippet Captain 59 6 3 Thos. Leech Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ John Shirley Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Carried Over £ 3402 16 11½ | The privates of the Fourth Company closed with the following names, carried on from the totals brought forward. The Artillery Company followed. Brought forward, £2,956 13s 1½d Privates brought forward, £177 2s 6d John Moyse, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas McDearman, private, £3 16s 8d Robert May, private, £3 16s 8d William Morgan, private, £3 16s 8d Jonathan Mallet, private, £3 16s 8d John Moyes, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Mundees, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Mather, private, transferred, £0 6s 8d John Newton, private, £3 16s 8d James Newport, private, £3 16s 8d John Oswald, private, £3 16s 8d Daniel Patrick, private, £3 16s 8d William Parker, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Pritchard, private, £3 16s 8d John Ponk, private, £3 16s 8d John Phie, private, £3 16s 8d James Richardson, private, £3 16s 8d John Shaw, private, £3 16s 8d William Scotman, private, £3 16s 8d William Steadman, private, £3 16s 8d James Sax, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Smith, private, £3 16s 8d James Stoppard, private, £3 16s 8d William Sharp, as private to 6 July, £0 5s 0d William Sharp, as corporal from 7 July, £5 0s 4d Total for William Sharp, £5 5s 4d John Slade, private, transferred, £0 9s 2d George Smith, as private, transferred from the Third Company, to 10 September, £2 10s 10d George Smith, as corporal from 11 September, £1 3s 4d Total for George Smith, £3 14s 2d John Tattersall, private, £3 16s 8d William Taylor, private, £3 16s 8d William Tucker, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Vanderhorst, private, £3 16s 8d William Wath, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Watts, private, £3 16s 8d James Wilson, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Wilson, private, £3 16s 8d Peter White, private, £3 16s 8d John Wood, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph West, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates of the Fourth Company, £313 7s 10d James Tippet, captain of the Artillery Company, £59 6s 3d Thomas Leach, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Leach, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Leach, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Leach, £36 14s 4½d John Starkey, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d John Starkey, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Starkey, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Starkey, £36 14s 4½d Carried forward, £3,402 15s 11½d Interpretations The Fourth Company's two empty corporals' places were filled from the ranks, on the day each fell vacant. William Sharp was made corporal from 7 July 1770, the day Thomas Kyloch moved up to sergeant. George Smith, transferred in from the Third Company, took Francis Flynn's place from 11 September, the day Flynn was reduced. The company's chain of command was kept intact by promotion from within, as in the spring, and each man's pay was split at the exact day he changed rank. | |
451 | 1770 Brought over £ 3402 15 11½ Robt. Gibson Lieutenant 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. John Whitchurch 9 4 Adam Watson to 2d. July died 4 John Turner 9 4 Nicholas Hoxton to 9th July Discharged 18 19 10 Corporals vizt. James Parfett advanced £ 3 do. as Sergeant 9 9 3 Thomas Tyler advanced £ 13 6 do. as Corpl. and desertd. 28 July 1 18 2 11 6 Thos. Jones advanced £ 2 2 do. as Sergeant 6 2 2 10 Sedgwick Wetherall 6 18 27 2 6 Bombardiers vizt. Chas. Abraham advanced £ 3 do. as Corpl. 1 2 6 do. reduced 3 15 5 1 6 Benj. Holmes £ 13 6 do. as Corporal 6 4 6 6 18 James Waller £ 2 2 do. Corpl. 4 16 6 18 Saml. Ringrose £ 13 6 do. Corpl. 5 13 6 6 18 25 14 6 Gunners vizt. John Smith Thomas Yates Philip Connaway £ 2 8 Willm. Pink 6 15 6 17 8 do. Bombardier £ 12 Willm. Crabb 6 4 6 6 16 6 do. Bombardier £ 12 8 John Fox 5 12 6 6 15 2 do. Bombardier £ 1 17 4 Willm. Stapleford 4 16 6 13 4 1 17 4 do. Bombardier Geo. Washington to 28 July Deserted 47 8 Drummers vizt. Joseph Purdy 5 7 4 Joseph Branston 5 7 4 10 14 8 Carried Over £ 3570 | The Artillery Company's list continued from the total of £3,402 15s 11½d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,402 15s 11½d Robert Gibson, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Robert Gibson, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Gibson, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Gibson, £36 14s 4½d John Whitchurch, sergeant, £9 4s 0d Adam Watson, sergeant, to 2 July, died, £0 4s 0d John Turner, sergeant, £9 4s 0d Nicholas Heeton, sergeant, to 9 July, discharged, £0 18s 0d Total for sergeants, £19 10s 0d James Parfett, as corporal before promotion, £0 3s 0d James Parfett, as sergeant, £9 0s 0d Total for James Parfett, £9 3s 0d Thomas Tyler, as corporal before promotion, £1 13s 6d Thomas Tyler, as sergeant, to 28 July, deserted, £0 18s 0d Total for Thomas Tyler, £2 11s 6d Thomas Jones, as corporal before promotion, £2 2s 0d Thomas Jones, as sergeant, £0 8s 0d Total for Thomas Jones, £2 10s 0d Sedgwick Witherall, corporal, £6 18s 0d Total for corporals, £27 2s 6d Charles Abraham, as bombardier before promotion, £0 3s 0d Charles Abraham, as corporal, £1 2s 6d Charles Abraham, after reduction, £3 15s 0d Total for Charles Abraham, £5 0s 6d Benjamin Holmes, as bombardier before promotion, £0 13s 6d Benjamin Holmes, as corporal, £6 4s 6d Total for Benjamin Holmes, £6 18s 0d James Waller, as bombardier before promotion, £2 2s 0d James Waller, as corporal, £4 16s 0d Total for James Waller, £6 18s 0d Samuel Ringrose, as bombardier before promotion, £0 13s 6d Samuel Ringrose, as corporal, £6 4s 6d Total for Samuel Ringrose, £6 18s 0d Total for bombardiers, £25 14s 6d John Smith, gunner, [...] Thomas Yates, gunner, [...] Philip Connaway, gunner, [...] William Pink, as gunner before promotion, £0 2s 8d William Pink, as bombardier, £6 15s 0d Total for William Pink, £6 17s 8d William Crabb, as gunner before promotion, £0 12s 0d William Crabb, as bombardier, £6 4s 6d Total for William Crabb, £6 16s 6d John Fox, as gunner before promotion, £1 2s 8d John Fox, as bombardier, £5 12s 6d Total for John Fox, £6 15s 2d William Stapleford, as gunner before promotion, £1 7s 4d William Stapleford, as bombardier, £4 16s 0d Total for William Stapleford, £6 3s 4d George Washington, gunner, to 28 July, deserted, [...] Total for gunners, £47 8s 0d Joseph Purdy, drummer, £5 7s 4d Joseph Branton, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Carried forward, £3,570 0s 0d Interpretations The artillery lost two of its four sergeants in the first week of July 1770: Adam Watson to a fall over the Water Run wall and Nicholas Heeton to discharge. Their places set off a chain of promotions through every rank: corporals to sergeant, bombardiers to corporal, gunners to bombardier. Thomas Tyler was one of the corporals promoted to sergeant. He held the rank for only a few weeks before leading the escape in the longboat on 28 July with Gunner George Washington, himself promoted only in May. The Council had just rewarded both men with promotion, and they used their new trust to plan the theft of the boat. That probably explains why the Council afterwards spread the promotions among men such as Pink, Crabb and Fox, who had taken the re-enlistment bounty and shown they meant to stay. | |
452 | 15th October Brought Over £ 3570 Matrosses vizt. Willm. Allen 4 12 Benjamin Burton 4 12 Willm. Blavin 4 12 Joseph Bowman 4 12 Thomas Brown 4 12 John Cope 4 12 Robt. Cunningham 4 12 Matthew Charlton 4 12 John Criswell to 28 July Deserted 1 8 John Coleman 4 12 Matthew Craven 4 12 William Durham 4 12 James Dunn 4 12 James Dawson 4 12 John Douse 4 12 William Emerson 4 12 John Euston from 6 August Entd. 2 16 Joseph Fellows 4 12 Christian Grunewald 4 12 Thomas Gorrell 4 12 Thomas Green Senr. 4 12 John Glenny 4 12 James Gilmore 4 12 Thomas Green Junr. 4 12 James Griffith 4 12 Joseph Griffith £ 17 do. Gunner 5 5 17 Henry Gray 4 12 Owen Howard 4 12 Francs. Harding 4 12 Alexander Henderson 4 12 Willm. Harper £ 9 do. Gunner 5 10 8 5 19 8 Miles Hopper 4 12 William Jenkins 4 12 Joseph Lawson from 6 August Entd. 2 16 George Marshall 4 12 John Moore 4 12 Robt. Morgan 4 12 Thos. Mathers from 9th July Entd. 4 3 John Mann from 9th do. 4 3 John Miller 6 August do. 2 16 Patrick Mahoney to 28 July Deserted 1 8 Isaac Newland 4 12 Thomas Nimble 4 12 Robt. Nichols 4 12 Matrosses Carr. over £ 192 6 8 Carried Over £ 3570 | The matrosses of the Artillery Company followed, carried on from the total of £3,570 0s 0d brought forward. Brought forward, £3,570 0s 0d William Allen, matross, £4 12s 0d Benjamin Burton, matross, £4 12s 0d William Blavin, matross, £4 12s 0d Joseph Bowman, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Brown, matross, £4 12s 0d John Cope, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Cunningham, matross, £4 12s 0d Matthew Charlton, matross, £4 12s 0d John Criswell, matross, to 28 July, deserted, £1 8s 0d John Coleman, matross, £4 12s 0d Matthew Craven, matross, £4 12s 0d William Durham, matross, £4 12s 0d James Dunn, matross, £4 12s 0d James Dawson, matross, £4 12s 0d John Douse, matross, £4 12s 0d William Emmerson, matross, £4 12s 0d John Eustone, matross, from 6 August, £2 16s 0d Joseph Fellows, matross, £4 12s 0d Christian Greenawald, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Gorrell, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Green senior, matross, £4 12s 0d John Glenny, matross, £4 12s 0d James Gillmore, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Green junior, matross, £4 12s 0d James Griffith, matross, £4 12s 0d Joseph Griffith, as matross, £0 17s 0d Joseph Griffith, as gunner, £5 0s 0d Total for Joseph Griffith, £5 17s 0d Henry Gray, matross, £4 12s 0d Owen Howard, matross, £4 12s 0d Francis Harding, matross, £4 12s 0d Alexander Henderson, matross, £4 12s 0d William Harper, as matross, £0 9s 0d William Harper, as gunner, £5 10s 8d Miles Hooper, matross, £4 12s 0d William Jenkins, matross, £4 12s 0d John Lawson, matross, enlisted 6 August, £2 16s 0d George Marshall, matross, £4 12s 0d John Moore, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Morgan, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Withers, matross, enlisted 9 July, £4 3s 0d John Mann, matross, enlisted 9 July, £4 3s 0d John Miller, matross, from 6 August, £2 16s 0d Patrick Mahony, matross, to 28 July, deserted, £1 8s 0d Isaac Newlands, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Nimble, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Nichols, matross, £4 12s 0d Matrosses carried forward, £192 6s 8d Carried forward, £3,570 0s 0d Interpretations The artillery drew on the infantry to replace the men lost on 28 July 1770. John Eustone and John Miller, entered on the infantry lists as transferred, appear here as matrosses from 6 August. John Lawson, enlisted that day with a bounty of £6, went straight into the artillery. Two matrosses, Joseph Griffith and William Harper, were made gunner to fill the places left by the promotions and George Washington's desertion. John Criswell and Patrick Mahony, the matrosses who went with the stolen longboat, were paid to 28 July and then struck off. The gun crews were rebuilt within ten days of the escape, partly by thinning the infantry companies. | |
453 | 1770 Brought over £ 3570 Matrosses Brought over £ 192 6 8 William Philips 4 12 James Peacock 4 12 John Parker 4 12 Richd. Pearce 4 12 William Robinson 4 12 Robt. Petty 4 12 Willm. Rankin £ 2 do. Gunner 6 6 2 Andrew Scooner 4 12 Godfrey Smith 4 12 Saml. Smith 4 12 Willm. Shore 4 12 Stephen Swartsen 4 12 George Steel Entd. 6th August 2 16 Andrew Tedrick £ 1 8 do. Gunner 4 5 4 5 13 4 Richard Waterhouse 4 12 John Willson 4 12 John White 4 12 Saml. Wood 4 12 Willm. Weeden 4 12 Thos. Watson 4 12 Thomas Williams £ 1 8 John Towers 4 5 4 do. Gunner 5 13 4 295 7 4 Pensioners vizt. Nathan Sampell 13 15 11 Michael Frost 13 15 11 Mary Beale 7 10 Elizabeth Kennedy 7 10 John Lemon 3 8 3 46 1 £ 3911 7 5 | The Artillery Company's matrosses closed with the following names. The pensioners followed, and the list ended with its grand total. Brought forward, £3,570 0s 0d Matrosses brought forward, £192 6s 8d William Phillips, matross, £4 12s 0d James Peacock, matross, £4 12s 0d John Parker, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Pearce, matross, £4 12s 0d William Robinson, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Pedy, matross, £4 12s 0d William Rankin, as matross, £0 2s 0d William Rankin, as gunner, £6 0s 0d Total for William Rankin, £6 2s 0d Andrew Schoorer, matross, £4 12s 0d Godfrey Smith, matross, £4 12s 0d Samuel Smith, matross, £4 12s 0d William Shore, matross, £4 12s 0d Stephen Swartsen, matross, £4 12s 0d George Sheets, matross, from 6 August, £2 16s 0d Andrew Tedrick, as matross, £1 8s 0d Andrew Tedrick, as gunner, £4 5s 4d Total for Andrew Tedrick, £5 13s 4d Richard Waterhouse, matross, £4 12s 0d John Wilson, matross, £4 12s 0d John White, matross, £4 12s 0d Samuel Wood, matross, £4 12s 0d William Weeden, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Watson, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Williams, as matross, £1 8s 0d Thomas Williams, as gunner, £4 5s 4d Total for Thomas Williams, £5 13s 4d John Sowers, gunner, [...] Total for matrosses, £295 7s 4d Nathan Sampell, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Michael Frost, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Mary Beale, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Kennedy, pensioner, £7 10s 0d John Lemon, pensioner, £3 8s 3d Total for pensioners, £46 0s 1d Total of salaries, pay and allowances for the quarter, £3,911 7s 5d Interpretations Michael Frost now appeared among the pensioners at £13 15s 11d, exactly Nathan Sampell's rate. The Council's decision of 16 June 1770 had taken effect as a pension on half a lieutenant's pay, as it had resolved. The quarter's establishment cost £3,911 7s 5d, about £185 more than the spring and the highest of the year. The extra came from a 92-day quarter, Frost's pension and the large number of promotions after the July losses. Each promoted man drew the higher rate of his new rank from the day it was conferred. Desertion and death had removed men from the rolls, but replacing and promoting them left the garrison dearer, not cheaper. | |
454 | 15th October Dr. William Wrangham 1770 Sept. 30 To Cash £ 4653 3 6 Carried Over £ 4653 3 6 | The paymaster's account for the quarter followed. William Wrangham was charged with the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest. 30 September 1770, cash drawn from the treasury chest, £4,653 3s 6d Carried forward, £4,653 3s 6d Interpretations Wrangham drew £4,653 3s 6d for the quarter. The pay list accounted for £3,911 7s 5d of it, which left about £742 for wages on the works, bounties, passages and purchases. That was less than in either earlier quarter of 1770, when such payments ran to over £1,000. Few ships called in the winter months, so the Council bought less from passing commanders and paid fewer bounties to seamen. The barracks were still at the levelling stage, and the big labour bills of the new building had yet to come. | |
455 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 July 2 By Cash paid the Coroner for an Inquest on the Body of Adam Watson Deceased 1 5 By do. paid the Clerk of Arraignments & Cryer of the Court of Justice 12 6 By do. paid William Phelps for taking a Slave Woman who had absconded from her Master above a Fortnight 1 5 Aug. 4th By do. paid for 157¼ Beef for the Company's Table 3 5 6½ 8 By do. paid two discd. Soldiers 36 days subsistance @ 6 each 18 By do. paid Captn. Mitchel of Ship Fox for 1215 Ps. Salt Provision @ 2/ each 121 10 By do. paid do. for a Long Boat with Mast, Sails &c.a 30 9 By do. paid do. for the Passage of Abraham Harding Thos. Matthews, Richard Wallace and Josiah Johnson four Invalid Soldrs. to England 20 6 By do. paid for 183¼ Beef for the Compys. Table 3 18 5½ 10 By do. paid several Soldiers for carrying Goods from the Crane &c. from Ships Fox, Anson &c. Repayd. to him 2 7 By do. paid for 91 Days Work taking an Inventory of Stores 4 11 Sept. 17 By do. paid Thomas Jordan for Mowing in the Long Wood 61 Days @ 1/ pr. Day 3 6 30 By do. paid the Fife Major for teaching the young Fifers 2 6 By do. paid the Lieu. Governor for Mutton 3 By do. paid James Powell Coroner for an Inquest on the Body of Jubal Dec. 1 5 By do. paid for the following for the Use of the Honorable Company's Table vizt. 63 doz. Eggs £ 4 14 6 36 Pork 18 4 Spice 3 8 Ducks 12 4 doz. Fowls 3 12 2 Geese 10 1 Turkey 5 3 Pigs 15 2 doz. Bottles 1 14 6 16 1 By do. paid William Jenkins for Baking 143 Batches Bread for the Garrison @ 1/8 ea. 11 18 4 By do. paid Noqueda Poculum instead of 13 Ps. Salt Meat from the Stores 1 6 By do. paid his Allowance 1 12 6 By do. paid do. his House Rent 1 By do. paid Massfunge his Allowance 1 12 6 By do. paid do. his House Rent 1 Carried Over £ 233 19 10 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster listed the payments made from that cash between July and September 1770. 2 July 1770, the coroner, for an inquest on the body of Adam Watson, deceased, £1 5s 0d The clerk of arraignments and the crier of the Court of Justice, £0 12s 6d William Phelps, for taking a slave woman who had run from her master for more than a fortnight, £1 5s 0d 4 August 1770, beef for the Company's table, 157¼ lb, £3 5s 6½d 8 August 1770, two discharged soldiers, 36 days' subsistence at 6d a day, £0 18s 0d Captain Mitchell of the Fox, for 1,215 pieces of salt provisions at 2s a piece, £121 10s 0d. Captain Mitchell, for a longboat with mast, sails and fittings, £30 0s 0d. 9 August 1770, Captain Mitchell, for the passage of Abraham Harding, Thomas Matthews, Richard Wallace and Josiah Johnson, four invalid soldiers, to England, £20 0s 0d. 6 September 1770, beef for the Company's table, 188¼ lb, £3 18s 5½d 10 September 1770, several soldiers, for carrying goods from the crane landed from the Fox, Anson and other ships, £2 7s 0d. 91 days' work taking the inventory of the stores, £4 11s 0d 17 September 1770, Thomas Jordan, for 61 days' mowing at Longwood at 1s a day, £3 6s 0d 30 September 1770, the fife major, for teaching the young fifers, £2 6s 0d The Lieutenant Governor, for mutton, £3 0s 0d James Powell, coroner, for an inquest on the body of Juba, deceased, £1 5s 0d Eggs for the Company's table, 63 dozen, £4 14s 6d Pork for the same, 36 lb, £0 18s 0d [...] for the same, 4, £3 0s 0d Ducks for the same, 8, £0 12s 0d Fowls for the same, 4 dozen, £3 12s 0d Geese for the same, 2, £0 10s 0d Turkey for the same, 1, £0 5s 0d Pigs for the same, 3, £0 15s 0d Bottles for the same, 2 dozen, £1 14s 6d Total for the Company's table, £16 1s 0d William Jenkins, for baking 143 batches of bread for the garrison at 1s 8d a batch, £11 18s 4d Noqueda Soocolum, cash in place of 13 pieces of salt meat from the stores, £1 6s 0d Noqueda Soocolum, his allowance, £1 12s 6d Noqueda Soocolum, his house rent, £1 0s 0d Massapunge, his allowance, £1 12s 6d Massapunge, his house rent, £1 0s 0d Carried forward, £233 19s 10d Interpretations The four men sent home in the Fox were described as invalids, not as soldiers discharged at the end of their term. Abraham Harding, Thomas Matthews, Richard Wallace and Josiah Johnson had appeared on the pay list as discharged in early August. The Company paid £5 each for their passage, as it had for Benjamin Poole and Thomas Mills in March. The Council judged them unfit for further service and preferred to pay their fares than keep sick men on the pay list and in the hospital. Even with recruits scarce, a soldier who could no longer do his duty was a cost the garrison could not carry. James Powell, the storekeeper, also served as coroner, and that quarter he held an inquest on Juba, almost certainly a slave. The island's law required an inquest into every sudden or violent death, free or slave, and the Company paid the fee in each case. William Phelps was paid £1 5s 0d for catching a runaway slave woman. That was a little under half the new £3 reward announced on 16 July 1770, and close to the Company's 25s share under the new scale. | |
456 | 15th October Dr. William Wrangham 1770 Sept. 30th Brought over £ 4653 3 6 Carried Over £ 4653 3 6 | William Wrangham's debit side carried his one charge onto a fresh page, with nothing added to it. 30 September 1770, brought forward, £4,653 3s 6d Carried forward, £4,653 3s 6d | |
457 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 Sept. 30th Brought over £ 233 19 10 By Cash paid for 60 Rafters @ 1/ ea. four Loads Laths @ 2/6 & five Loads Binders @ 2/6 to Repair the Blacks Square 4 2 6 By do. paid for six Loads Binders @ 2/6 ea. to repair the Stable 15 By do. paid for a Bag of Hair for Lime Mortar to repair the Wood House 4 By do. paid for 30 Rafters & 2 Loads Binders to repair the Maldavia House 2 15 By do. paid for 45 Rafters 20 Ground Joists 2 Load Laths & 2 Load Binders to repair the Wood House 3 By do. paid for 8 Loads Binders to Repair the Plantation House & Blacks Square 1 By do. paid the following discharged Soldiers for Relisting to serve the Honble. Company 5 Years longer as Soldiers subject to the Articles of War their respective times to commence as following vizt. John Criswell from 26 July £ 10 Emanuel Bonner 3 August 10 20 By do. paid the following Men for Enlisting to serve the Honble. Company 5 Years as Soldiers, subject to the Articles of War their respective times to commence as follows vizt. Thomas Hunt from 31 July £ 6 John Lawson 6 August 6 Willm. Dowsing 8 do. 6 Thos. Penrea 11 Sept. 4 22 By do. paid for Expresses upon six alarms 1 10 By do. paid John Price Sexton for making Graves for four Deceased Soldiers @ 2/6 ea. 10 By do. paid do. as Marshal for 12 Corporal Punishments @ 1/3 each 15 By do. paid 16 Days Smiths Work clean. small Arms 1 4 By Cash paid for the following work at the Barracks vizt. 237½ Days Stone Blowers £ 17 16 3 69½ do. Smiths 5 4 3 35½ do. Masons 2 13 7½ 77⅝ do. Overseers 5 15 10½ 2806¾ do. Labourers 140 6 9 171 16 9 By do. paid 12 Days Labourers Work at the Castle 12 By do. paid 24 do. do. do. in Building a Saw Pit 1 4 Carried Over £ 465 8 1 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued from the total of £233 19s 10d brought forward. Brought forward, £233 19s 10d Rafters, 60, at 1s 0d, laths, 4 loads, and binders, 5 loads, for repairing the Black Square, £4 2s 6d Binders, 6 loads, at 2s 6d, for repairing the stable, £0 15s 0d Hair for lime mortar, 1 bag, for repairing the wood house, £0 4s 0d Rafters, 30, and binders, 2 loads, for repairing the Maldivia house, £2 15s 0d Rafters, 45, ground joists, 20, laths, 4 loads, and binders, 2 loads, for repairing the wood house, £3 0s 0d Binders, 8 loads, for repairing the plantation house and the Black Square, £1 0s 0d Bounties paid to discharged soldiers re-enlisting for 5 years under the Articles of War: John Criswell, from 26 July, £10 0s 0d Emanuel Bonner, from 3 August, £10 0s 0d Total for re-enlistments, £20 0s 0d Bounties paid to men enlisting for 5 years on the same terms: Thomas Hunt, from 31 July, £6 0s 0d John Lawson, from 6 August, £6 0s 0d William Dowsing, from 8 August, £6 0s 0d Thomas Penrea, from 11 September, £4 0s 0d Total for new enlistments, £22 0s 0d Expresses run on 6 alarms, £1 10s 0d John Price, sexton, for digging graves for 4 dead soldiers at 2s 6d each, £0 10s 0d John Price, as marshal, for 12 floggings at 1s 3d each, £0 15s 0d Smiths' work cleaning small arms, 16 days, £1 4s 0d Stone blowers' work at the barracks, 237½ days, £17 16s 3d Smiths' work at the barracks, 69½ days, £5 4s 3d Masons' work at the barracks, 35½ days, £2 13s 7½d Overseers' work at the barracks, 77½ days, £5 15s 10½d Labourers' work at the barracks, 2,806¾ days, £140 6s 9d Total for the barracks, £171 16s 9d Labourers' work at the Castle, 12 days, £0 12s 0d Labourers' work building a lime pit, 24 days, £1 4s 0d Carried forward, £465 8s 1d Interpretations John Criswell, coxswain of the longboats, took the £10 bounty to serve five more years on 26 July 1770. Two days later he led the escape in the longboat. The bounty was paid in cash on signing. Criswell walked away with £10 of the Company's money, a full year's coxswain's pay in under a week, and used it to fit out the escape. Whether he planned the theft before he signed or decided afterwards, the payment shows the risk in the Council's policy of buying loyalty with a lump sum. A man about to desert had every reason to sign first. The barracks work had started in earnest. In the quarter it took more than 2,800 labourer-days and 237 days of blasting, against 141 labourer-days of preliminary clearing in the quarter before. John Price, the publican who was also marshal and gaoler, was paid as sexton for digging the graves of four soldiers and as marshal for carrying out twelve floggings. One man was paid for burying the garrison's dead and for punishing its living. | |
458 | 15th October Dr. William Wrangham 1770 Septr. 30th Brought over £ 4653 3 6 Carried Over £ 4653 3 6 | On the next blank page William Wrangham was again charged with the same cash total, and no other entry was made. 30 September 1770, brought forward, £4,653 3s 6d Carried forward, £4,653 3s 6d | |
459 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 Sept. 30th Brought over £ 465 8 1 By Cash paid 74 days Labr. Work in repairing the Lieu. Governors House in the Long Wood 3 14 By do. paid 14 Days painting do. 1 1 By do. paid 60 Days Carpenters Work at do. 4 10 By do. paid 15 Days Painting the Chaplains & Adjutants House 1 2 6 By do. paid for the following Work in Building a New Slaughter House vizt. 36 Days Stoneblowers £ 2 14 46 do. Smiths 3 9 47 do. Overseers 3 10 6 36 do. Carpenters 2 5 16 do. Masons 1 4 1223½ do. Labourers 61 3 6 16 do. Sawyers 1 4 75 10 By do. paid 27 Days Overseers at Lemon Valley 2 6 By do. paid 202 do. Labourers at do. 10 2 By do. paid for the Demi Bastion in James's Valley vizt. 165 Days Stone Cutters £ 12 7 6 78 do. Stoneblowers 5 17 87 do. Lime Burning 6 10 6 17 do. Smiths 1 5 6 15 do. Coxswains 1 2 6 4 do. Overseers 1/6 6 91 do. do. 1/ 4 11 400½ do. Labourers 20 6 52 6 By do. paid for the following Work at Mundens Battery vizt. 5 Days Sawyers £ 7 6 112½ do. Stone Cutters 8 8 9 28½ do. Coxswains 2 2 9 23 do. Smiths 1 14 6 30 do. Carpenters 2 5 84 do. Stoneblowers 6 6 74½ do. Overseers 3 14 6 1402 do. Labourers 70 2 95 1 By do. paid for the following Work in repairing the Long Boats vizt. 25 Days Smiths Work £ 1 17 6 27½ do. Sailmakers 2 1 3 8½ do. Painters 12 4½ 94¾ do. Carpenters 7 2 1½ 6 do. Sawyers 9 12 2 3 Carried Over £ 722 11 10 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued from the total of £465 8s 1d brought forward. Brought forward, £465 8s 1d Labourers' work repairing the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 74 days, £3 14s 0d Painting the same, 14 days, £1 1s 0d Carpenters' work at the same, 60 days, £4 10s 0d Painting the chaplain's and the adjutant's houses, 15 days, £1 2s 6d Stone blowers' work building a new slaughterhouse, 36 days, £2 14s 0d Smiths' work at the same, 46 days, £3 9s 0d Overseers' work at the same, 47 days, £3 10s 6d Carpenters' work at the same, 30 days, £2 5s 0d Masons' work at the same, 16 days, £1 4s 0d Labourers' work at the same, 1,223½ days, £61 3s 6d Sawyers' work at the same, 16 days, £1 4s 0d Total for the slaughterhouse, £75 10s 0d Overseers' work at Lemon Valley, 27 days, £2 0s 6d Labourers' work at the same, 202 days, £10 2s 0d Stonecutters' work at the demi-bastion in James's Valley, 165 days, £12 7s 6d Stone blowers' work at the same, 78 days, £5 17s 0d Lime burning for the same, 87 days, £6 10s 6d Smiths' work at the same, 17 days, £1 5s 6d Coxswains' work at the same, 15 days, £1 2s 6d Overseers' work at the same, 4 days at 1s 6d, £0 6s 0d Overseers' work at the same, 91 days at 1s, £4 11s 0d Labourers' work at the same, 400½ days, £20 0s 6d Total for the demi-bastion, £52 0s 6d Carpenters' work at Munden's Battery, 5 days, £0 7s 6d Stonecutters' work at the same, 112½ days, £8 8s 9d Coxswains' work at the same, 28½ days, £2 2s 9d Smiths' work at the same, 23 days, £1 14s 6d Carpenters' work at the same, 30 days, £2 5s 0d Stone blowers' work at the same, 84 days, £6 6s 0d Overseers' work at the same, 74½ days, £3 14s 6d Labourers' work at the same, 1,402 days, £70 2s 0d Total for Munden's Battery, £95 1s 0d Smiths' work repairing the longboats, 25 days, £1 17s 6d Sailmakers' work on the same, 27½ days, £2 1s 3d Painters' work on the same, 8¼ days, £0 12s 4½d Carpenters' work on the same, 94¾ days, £7 2s 1½d Sawyers' work on the same, 6 days, £0 9s 0d Total for the longboats, £12 2s 3d Carried forward, £722 4s 1½d Interpretations The new slaughterhouse was a substantial building, costing £75 10s 0d in labour alone and more than 1,200 labourer-days. The Council moved the old one on 18 June 1770 to clear the site for the parish school. Rebuilding it elsewhere cost the Company far more than the £2 0s 0d the parish paid for the school's plot. The obvious course would have been to find the school a different site. The Council chose to rebuild the slaughterhouse instead, judging the old ground the only suitable place for a school in the crowded valley. Munden's Battery took 1,402 labourer-days in its final quarter, and the work there was reported finished on 7 October 1770. The boat repairs added nearly 95 days of carpentry, the labour behind the elm and oak issued to the boats from the stores. The landing service was being rebuilt after the losses of the year. | |
460 | 15th October Dr. William Wrangham 1770 Sept. 30th Brought Over £ 4653 3 6 £ 4653 3 6 | The debit side of William Wrangham's account, headed 15 October, took no new entries after 30 September 1770. The clerk ruled off the empty space and repeated the earlier figure as the total. Brought forward on 30 September 1770, £4,653 3s 6d Total, £4,653 3s 6d | |
461 | 1770 Paymaster Cr. 1770 Sept. 30th Brought over £ 722 11 10 By Cash paid for 10¼ days Labr. Work cleaning Ladder Hill Path 10 3 By do. paid for 27 Days Smiths Work repairg. the Crane 2 6 By do. paid six days Carpenters do. repairg. do. 9 By do. paid 33 Days Smiths Work cleaning Sundry Articles in the Stores 2 9 6 By do. paid 3 Days Smiths work making hinges for Gates 4 6 By do. 146 Days Work building a Bath House and repairing the Plantation House 7 6 By do. paid 4 Days Smiths work at do. 6 By do. paid 12 do. Smiths do. repairg. Gun Carriages 18 By do. paid 13 do. Carpentrs. do. repairg. do. 1 7 By do. paid 30 do. do. do. making Soldiers Cots 1 17 6 By do. paid 14 do. Sawyers making Wheel Barrows 1 1 By do. paid 2 do. at Banks's Guard House 3 By do. paid 8 do. do. makg. Cots & Coffins 12 741 16 1 Amount of the Pay Account 3911 7 5 £ 4653 3 6 30th September 1770 Errors Excepted (signed) William Wrangham Paymaster Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of September last which is as follows vizt. | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster continued from a total of £722 11s 10d brought forward. Brought forward, £722 11s 10d Labourers' work cleaning the Ladder Hill path, 10¼ days, £0 10s 3d Smiths' work repairing the crane, 27 days, £2 0s 6d Carpenters' work repairing the crane, 6 days, £0 9s 0d Smiths' work cleaning various articles in the stores, 33 days, £2 9s 6d Smiths' work making hinges for gates, 3 days, £0 4s 6d Work building a bath house and repairing the Plantation House, 146 days, £7 6s 0d Smiths' work at the bath house and Plantation House, 4 days, £0 6s 0d Smiths' work repairing gun carriages, 12 days, £0 18s 0d Carpenters' work repairing gun carriages, 18 days, £1 7s 0d Carpenters' work making soldiers' cots, 30 days, £1 17s 6d Sawyers' work making wheelbarrows, 14 days, £1 1s 0d Sawyers' work at Banks's guard house, 2 days, £0 3s 0d Sawyers' work making cots and coffins, 8 days, £0 12s 0d Subtotal, £741 16s 1d Amount of the pay account, £3,911 7s 5d Total, £4,653 3s 6d William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena on 30 September 1770, reserving the right to correct any errors. Both sides of his account balanced at £4,653 3s 6d. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for September. Interpretations The pay account of £3,911 7s 5d made up more than four-fifths of the money paid out through the paymaster. The remaining £741 16s 1d covered day labour on public works. The garrison's wages were therefore the main charge on the island's cash. Building, from the slaughterhouse to the batteries, cost far less. Wrangham signed with the reservation "errors excepted", the usual merchant's safeguard. It kept open his right to correct a mistake found later, without his signature counting as an admission that the figures were final. The Council's own count of the cash followed at once. This monthly check against the coin held was how the Company caught a paymaster's errors or misuse of funds. | |
462 | Cash Dr. 1770 Sept. 1st To Balance remaining £ 11843 9 7 10 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to Captn. Martin Peterz Mooy (or order) 591 17th To Rents recd. of the Church Wardens for the purchase of the Ground for erecting a School House upon as pr. Consultation of this day 2 30 To Rents 620 7 3½ To James Powell recd. of him for Stores sold in the Quarter ending this day 1773 17 4 To Plantation for Provision Sold 31 9 8 To Licences 12 10 To Customs recd. on 4104½ G. Spirituous Liquors 51 6 1½ To Fortification for Lime sold 12 6 £ 14926 12 6 Per Contra Cr. 1770 Sept. 30 By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Paymaster to Pay Salary's &c.a in the Quart. ending this day 4653 3 6 By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 9733 14 In Cash Notes 539 15 10273 9 14926 12 6 £ 14926 12 6 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling Margin Notes: 15th October | The Council checked the Company's cash for September 1770 and recorded money received against money paid out. Money received Balance remaining on 1 September 1770, £11,843 9s 7d Exchange received on 10 September for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Martin Pieterz Mooy or his order, £591 0s 0d Payment received on 17 September from the churchwardens for the ground for a new school house, under the consultation of that day, £2 0s 0d Rents received on 30 September, £620 7s 3½d Received from James Powell for stores sold in the quarter ending 30 September, £1,773 17s 4d Received from the Plantation for provisions sold, £31 9s 8d Licences, £12 10s 0d Customs duty on 4,104½ gallons of spirits, £51 6s 1½d Received from the Fortification for lime sold, £0 12s 6d Total, £14,926 12s 6d Money paid out Paid on 30 September 1770 to various accounts through the paymaster for salaries and other charges in the quarter ending that day, £4,653 3s 6d Balance remaining in coin, £9,733 14s 0d Balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,273 9s 0d Total, £14,926 12s 6d Governor Skottowe signed the account with Daniel Corneille and Burling. Interpretations The £591 0s 0d raised from Captain Martin Pieterz Mooy showed how the island obtained coin. Mooy, perhaps the master of a Dutch ship calling at the island, handed silver to the treasury. In return he took bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors and payable in London. This spared the Company the risk and cost of shipping coin out from England. It also gave a foreign captain a safe way to send his earnings home without carrying specie. The customs entry shows the duty on imported spirits at 3d a gallon. At that rate, 4,104½ gallons yielded £51 6s 1½d. The duty brought in revenue, but it also gave the Council a check on how much drink reached a garrison it struggled to keep sober. The licences of £12 10s 0d, probably fees from the island's licensed retailers of drink, served the same end. The churchwardens paid £2 0s 0d on 17 September 1770 for the school site. That nominal price set against the £75 10s 0d spent on rebuilding the slaughterhouse elsewhere. The Company bore almost the whole cost of freeing the ground, which made the sale in effect a gift to the parish. | |
463 | 22d. Octr. At a Consultation held on Monday the 22 day of October 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 15 Oct. 1770 The Storekeeper this day brought in his Account of Waste upon Store Goods for the year ending 30th Sept. last he declaring the same to be real and unavoidable we ordered it to be entered which is as follows vizt. Profit & Loss Dr. £ 83 9 lost by Leakage, Wastage, short Weight and Measure by drawing by the Gallon &c. by Weighing by the pound &c.a in the Year ending 30 Sept. 1770 vizt. Arrack 21 Gallons 3 1 8 Candles 27 lb. 3 1 10 Coffee 2 3 lb. 2 13 4 Cordage 405½ lb. 7 1 7 Salt 1⅜ Bushel 10 6 Pepper 1 6 17 Sugar & Candy vizt. C. qr. lb. 12 1 2 Sugar 17 3 6 1 3 18 Candy 4 9 2 21 12 8 Sope 1 2 18 6 2 6 Rice & Paddy vizt. 34 3 5 Rice 25 13 7 1 11 Paddy 1 7 25 15 2 Nails 50 lb. 17 3 Paint vizt. 2½ Indico 4 4 4 Chocolate Colour 2 4 12 Red Lead mixed 5 9 9 Stone Colour 4 8 17 1 Carried over £ 72 10 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 22 October 1770. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Burling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 15 October 1770. The storekeeper presented his account of the waste on the Company's store goods in the year ending 30 September 1770. He declared that the losses were genuine and could not have been avoided. The Council ordered the account to be entered in the record. It charged £83 9s 0d to profit and loss for losses through leakage and wastage. It also covered goods lost through short weight and short measure when they were issued by the gallon or by the pound. Arrack, 22 gallons, £3 1s 8d Candles, 27 lb, £3 1s 10d Coffee, 21½ lb, £2 13s 4d Cordage, 405 lb, £7 1s 7d Salt, [...] bushels, £0 10s 6d Pepper, [...], £0 17s 0d Sugar, 12 cwt 1 qr 2 lb, £17 3s 6d Sugar candy, 1 cwt 3 qr 18 lb, £4 9s 2d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £21 12s 8d Soap, 1 cwt 3 qr 18 lb, £6 2s 6d Rice, 34 cwt 3 qr 5 lb, £25 13s 7d Unhusked rice, 1 cwt 11 lb, £0 1s 7d Total for rice and unhusked rice, £25 15s 2d Nails, [...], £0 17s 3d Indigo for paint, 2 lb, £0 4s 4d Chocolate-coloured paint, 4 lb, £0 2s 4d Red mixed paint, 12 lb, £0 5s 9d Stone-coloured paint, 9 lb, £0 4s 8d Total for paint, £0 17s 1d Carried over, £72 10s 7d Interpretations Arrack was a strong spirit distilled in Asia from palm sap or fermented rice. The Company shipped it to the island from Batavia and Madras for the garrison. Sugar candy was refined sugar left to crystallise into hard lumps, which kept better than loose sugar in a damp storehouse. Paddy, here called unhusked rice, was rice still in its husk. It stored well, but it shrank as the grain dried and the husks broke away. Chocolate and stone colour were ready-mixed paints, named after their shades. The stores used them on buildings and gun carriages. The account was the storekeeper's annual discharge for goods he could not produce. Unless he wrote the shortfall off, he answered personally for every pound and gallon in his charge. His sworn declaration that the losses were real and unavoidable shifted the cost to the Company's profit and loss account. The Council's acceptance released him from liability. Most of the loss arose from issuing goods in small amounts. Each gallon drawn and each pound weighed lost a little through spillage and the turn of the scale, and over a year the remainders added up. Rice and sugar, the bulk staples of the slaves' and soldiers' rations, made up more than half the total. | |
464 | 22d. October Brought over £ 72 10 7 Earthen Ware vizt. 4 Milk Pans 5 4 1 Close Stool do. 1 9 7 1 Leather 1 2 22 8 13 1 China Ware vizt. 13 Octagon Soup Plates 7 3 3 Sallad Dishes 2 3 1 Chamber Pot 2 2 11 8 Glass Ware vizt. 1 Candle Shade 6 8 9 Wine Glasses 3 10 3 Beer do. 2 7 11 Sq. 10 by 12 13 6 1 6 7 £ 83 9 Errors Excepted (signed) James Powell Storekeeper 30th Sept. 1770 Mrs. Elizabeth Desfountain this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Elizabeth Desfountain Sheweth That your Petitioner is desirous of disposing at Publick Auction twenty nine Acres and an half of Leasehold Land hopes your Worship & Council will give her leave so to do. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) 22d. Oct. 1770 John Bazett for Eliz. Desfountain Granted | The storekeeper's account of waste for the year ending 30 September 1770 continued from £72 10s 7d brought over. Brought over, £72 10s 7d Earthenware milk pans, 4, £0 5s 4d Earthenware close stool pan, 1, £0 1s 9d Total for earthenware, £0 7s 1d Leather, [...], £8 13s 1d China octagonal soup plates, 13, £0 7s 3d China salad dishes, 3, £0 2s 3d China chamber pot, 1, £0 2s 2d Total for china, £0 11s 8d Glass candle shade, 1, £0 6s 8d Wine glasses, 9, £0 3s 10d Beer glasses, 3, £0 2s 7d Squares of window glass measuring 10 by 13 inches, 11, £0 13s 6d Total for glass, £1 6s 7d Total, £83 9s 0d James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 30 September 1770, reserving the right to correct any errors. Elizabeth Desfountain petitioned Governor Skottowe and the Council the same day. She wished to sell 25½ acres of her freehold land at public auction and asked for their permission. John Bazett signed the petition on her behalf. The Council granted it on 22 October 1770. Interpretations Breakages of china and glass belonged in the same write-off as the leakage of arrack and the shrinkage of rice. The storekeeper answered for every plate and wine glass in his charge, so a cracked chamber pot needed the Council's sanction as much as a missing gallon of spirits. Leather was the largest single loss on this page at £8 13s 1d, perhaps through rot or mould in store. Elizabeth Desfountain owned her land outright, yet she still had to ask the Council's leave before selling it. Island freeholds were held on condition that the land was kept in cultivation and settled by suitable holders. A sale at auction could move acreage to anyone with the money. The Council's consent let the Company watch over who acquired land and in what quantities. Bazett's signature in her name suggests that she conducted the business through an agent, as women of property on the island often did. | |
465 | 1770 Upon taking the Inventory of the Stores a few articles were found Damaged, we ordered them to be sold at Publick Auction as Usual and directed the following Advertisement to be published. Island St. Helena 22 October 1770 This is to give notice to all the Inhabitants upon the said Island, that on Monday next in the forenoon will be sold at Publick Auction at the Market House, Sundry Damaged Goods belonging to the Honble. Company for ready Money. Per Order of Council (signed) M. Bazett Secy. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The storekeeper's stocktaking turned up a few articles that had been damaged. The Council ordered them to be sold at public auction in the usual way. It also had a notice drawn up for publication. The notice, dated St Helena, 22 October 1770, told the island's inhabitants that various damaged goods belonging to the Company would be auctioned at the Market House the following Monday morning. Buyers would have to pay cash. John Bazett, the secretary, signed the notice on the Council's order. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Burling. Interpretations The demand for cash broke with the island's normal habit of selling Company goods on credit. Debts to the Company were hard to collect in a small community short of coin. Selling damaged stock on credit risked turning a small salvage into a further bad debt. By insisting on cash, the Council recovered whatever the goods would fetch at once. The sale also complemented the waste account entered the same day. What was lost outright was written off to profit and loss, while what survived in damaged form was turned into money and cleared from the storekeeper's charge. | |
466 | 29th October At a Consultation held on Monday the 29th day of October 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 22d. October 1770. Mr. Burling reports that the Honble. Company's General Books of Accounts are Balanced to the 30th Sept. last. We ordered them to be copied as fast as possible. We this day Executed the renewal of a Lease to Robert Leech and Jane Willson for a piece of Ground lying in James's Valley containg. twenty six feet Square @ 2/6 pr. Annum. Having taken into consideration an examination of the Company's Estate on this Island, find that several of the Fortifications as they formerly stood at a valuation on the Books Now being entirely rebuilt on other Plans. We have therefore Ordered the former Valuations to be wrote off and the Expence that has accrued in rebuilding them to be entered in the General Books as a proper value of the said Fortifications. Also the House appropriated for the Lieu. Governor & the Hospital to be Entered as not having had a Head in the General Books before. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 29 October 1770. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Burling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 22 October 1770. Burling reported that the Company's general account books were now balanced to 30 September 1770. The Council told him to have fair copies made as quickly as possible. The Council renewed a lease to Robert Leech and Ann McKown. It covered a plot of ground 26 feet square in James's Valley at a rent of £0 2s 6d a year. The Council reviewed the valuation of the Company's property on the island. Several fortifications still stood in the books at their old values, although they were now being rebuilt entirely to new designs. The Council ordered the old valuations written off. It directed that the money spent on rebuilding should go into the general books as the true value of those works. The house set aside for the Lieutenant Governor and the hospital had never had their own entries in the books. The Council ordered both to be entered now. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Burling. Interpretations The revaluation broke with the usual bookkeeping practice of leaving an asset at its original figure, or simply adding new spending on top of it. The Council did neither. It struck out the old values and put in their place the cost of the new work, such as the £52 0s 6d spent on the demi-bastion in James's Valley and the £95 1s 0d spent on Munden's Battery in the quarter ending 30 September 1770. The occasion explains the choice. With the books freshly balanced and about to be copied for the Directors, keeping the value of works that had been pulled down would have overstated the Company's property. Adding the rebuilding costs on top would have counted the same defences twice. This was an early form of the principle that an asset should stand at the cost of what actually existed, a practice not yet usual in English merchant accounting. Bringing the Lieutenant Governor's house and the hospital into the books for the first time served the same purpose. Both buildings had absorbed Company money, including the labour and painting at Longwood paid in September 1770. Yet they had not appeared among its assets. Entering them gave the Directors a fuller statement of what their spending on the island had produced. | |
467 | 5th November At a Consultation held on Monday the 5th day of November 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Burling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 29 October 1770. John Seale this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor of the Island St. Helena in Council The humble Petition of John Seale Sheweth That your Petitioner having lately purchased a House and Plantation in Sandy Bay finds the Produce of the sd. Plantation greatly lessened for the want of proper Fence. That good Fence according to the bounds of the Premisses as they now stand is near impracticable from the situation of about two Acres of the Honble. Company's Waste Land which lie between Mr. Richd. Bagleys Plantation and your Petitioners House. That by the addition of the said two Acres (now quite unserviceable) to what your Petitioner already possesses it would be in his power to make such Fence as would secure his Plantation from Trespass. He therefore hopes your Worship and the other Gentlemen of Council will take his case into kind Consideration, and be pleased to favour him with a Grant of the sd. two Acres upon such Terms as to you will seem meet, and he will as in duty bound ever pray &c. Novr. 5th 1770 Ordered the said Land to be Viewed John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Burling | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 5 November 1770. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Burling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 29 October 1770. John Seale petitioned the Governor and Council the same day. He had recently bought a house and plantation at Sandy Bay. The plantation was yielding much less than it should because it lacked a proper fence. A sound fence along the existing boundary was almost impossible to build. The problem was about 2 acres of the Company's waste land lying between Seale's house and Richard Bagley's plantation. On its own the strip was of no use to anyone. Joined to Seale's land, however, it would let him put up a fence that kept trespassing animals out of his plantation. He asked the Council to grant him the 2 acres on whatever terms it thought fit. The Council ordered the land to be inspected before it decided. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Burling. Interpretations Seale described the 2 acres as worthless, and he offered to accept any terms the Council chose to set. A grant on the spot would have been the easy response. The Council instead ordered an inspection. The Company's waste land was seldom as idle as petitioners claimed. Strips between plantations often served as droveways, water access or common grazing for the Company's own cattle. A grant made on a petitioner's word could close a route or a spring that neighbours relied on, Bagley among them. An inspection allowed the Council to test Seale's claim and to set the boundary itself before parting with any ground. The petition also shows how fencing tied the island's agriculture to its law of trespass. Cattle, goats and hogs ranged widely, and a planter without a sound enclosure had little remedy against animals that strayed in and ate his crops. A good fence was therefore the condition for a productive holding, and on St Helena's broken ground the line of the fence could decide how much land a planter needed. | |
468 | Blank page | ||
469 | Blank page | ||
470 | Blank page | ||
471 | Blank page | ||
472 | Book cover | ||
473 | EAP 1364 St Helena Document Name and Date ST HELENA RECORDS 1770 Dimensions (height x width x depth) (cm) 47cm x 33cm x 6.5 No. written pages: 467 No. blank pages: 5 Spine and cover GOOD CONDITION BORING INSECT DAMAGE ON COVER Inside pages GOOD CONDITION FOXING PRESENT THROUGHOUT VOLUME PAGES NOT NUMBERED Additional comments Time taken to photograph (hours) 3 hours |