Introduction: This is the 50th volume in the series of St Helena Records, which summarises the proceedings of official meetings held by the island’s Governor and Council, during which matters of government, defence, supplies, justice and discipline were discussed and recorded.
Source: Images of the original records can be viewed on the British Library’s website: https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP1364-1-1-49.
Referencing Text Locations: A dual numbering system has been adopted, combining the British Library film number with the manuscript’s original page number. These are presented in the format: British Library Film No. / Document Page No.
Text Inaccuracy: This transcription was produced by AI from handwritten document images held on the British Library's website, at about thirty pages per hour. Given the limitations described below, the text should be regarded as unreliable and used only as a search-and-find shortcut: once a relevant section has been located, it must always be checked against the source image via the hyperlinked Film Numbers listed in the main transcription table below.
Three specific problems affected the work. First, AI tends to prioritise meaning and readability at the expense of fidelity to the original, with a strong disposition to normalise spellings, expand abbreviations, and adjust grammar. It is particularly weak with unfamiliar surnames, and scrawled signatures often resist accurate transcription entirely. Transcriptions by eye of documents spanning four centuries have also shown that a single surname could be written in a wide variety of ways: the Crowie family name appears under six different spellings, and the Isaacs family name under sixteen. Searches for surnames are therefore hindered both by genuine variations in the originals and by mistranscriptions introduced by AI, and for this reason are best run phonetically. Second, the AI struggled with the late secretary hand, the script commonly used from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, in which the letter S appears in a form closely resembling a trailing L. Third, occasional passages in these volumes are written in a hand so obscure or poorly formed as to be difficult to read even by eye, sometimes compounded by heavy ink bleed-through from the reverse side or by the loss of sections of pages.
To mitigate these difficulties, a strict protocol was applied to each image, requiring the AI to rely solely on clearly visible ink strokes and to flag any uncertain reading, thereby reducing the risk of inferred or invented text. Two conventions are used. [...] marks text that could not be read with confidence; this may represent a single unreadable word, a full sentence, or occasionally an entire paragraph. Square brackets around letters or words indicate a conjectural reading supplied by the transcriber: brackets around a whole word, for example [Bazett], mean the entire word was unclear and a probable reading has been supplied, while brackets around individual letters within an otherwise readable word, for example B[a]z[e]tt, mean only those specific letters were unclear in the source and the unbracketed letters were legibly present.
Pagination: The pages are not numbered. Therefore, for reference purposes, the first page of the records on Film No. 6 is designated as page 1 (location 6/1), with numbering continuing sequentially through the end of the volume.
Dates: The Council's first meeting took place on 12 November 1770, with the final meeting occurring on 14 October 1771. All the sessions were convened during the administration of John Skottowe (1764-1782).
AI Generated Summary
Introduction
The papers comprise the East India Company's St Helena minutes, letters, invoices, muster rolls and quarterly accounts from October 1770 to 14 October 1771. Governor John Skottowe presided at the Castle with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, the third member of Council. [Film No. 6-424]
Governance and Administration
The Council met at the Castle, usually on Mondays but from April 1771 on any day shipping required, reading and signing the previous minutes and examining the monthly artillery, steward's and cash accounts, which all three signed. No business came forward on 24 December 1770, and Purling was absent on 7 January 1771. The Secretary, John Bazett, signed public notices in December 1770, although the pay lists name Matthew Bazett as secretary. The Sheriff, James Greentree, a lieutenant of the Fourth Company, executed the Council's orders. [Film No. 6, 9, 12, 13, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 27, 57-58, 83-84, 88-89, 91-92, 98-99, 102, 105, 166-168, 196, 202, 204, 206-255]
The civil list for the quarter ending 31 December 1770 set the Governor's salary at £150 0s 0d a quarter, or £600 0s 0d a year, with £31 14s 9d for servants. Corneille drew £62 10s 0d with £25 0s 0d diet money, and £59 6s 3d more as captain of the First Company, almost £147 0s 0d in all. The chaplain, William Bearcroft, drew £40 0s 0d with £15 0s 0d diet money, paid to officers keeping their own households instead of meals at the Governor's table. Purling drew £32 10s 0d as councillor, £17 10s 0d as accountant, £15 0s 0d diet money and a £15 0s 0d gratuity, totalling £80 0s 0d. [Film No. 16, 17, 40, 41, 42, 44, 55, 57-58, 68]
Matthew Bazett as secretary, James Powell as storekeeper and William Wrangham as paymaster each drew £110 0s 0d a year with diet money and house rent, usually £2 10s 0d; factors drew £50 0s 0d and writers £30 0s 0d. Most junior servants held a second office: Jonathan Dowden (Doveton in the March 1771 list) was factor and assistant storekeeper, Britannicus Wright factor and collector of customs, and Wrangham assistant to the Governor at £10 0s 0d a quarter. John Congreve was judge advocate and schoolmaster, and Solomon St Maurice master at arms and lieutenant of the First Company. The Bazetts held five posts: Matthew as secretary, George as writer and clerk of the works, Thomas as superintendent of the works at £25 0s 0d a quarter and lieutenant of the Third Company, Henry as captain of the Second Company and John as its lieutenant. Lesser posts in March 1771 included Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, at £10 0s 0d a quarter, John Price, marshal and gaoler, at £7 10s 0d and Philip Mahoney, clerk of the peace, at £28 0s 4d. [Film No. 56-57, 61, 65, 166, 167, 168, 172, 175, 179, 182]
On 10 December 1770 the Council discharged William Gurrup from the garrison to replace James Hogg as carpenter's mate at £30 0s 0d a year for five years. His salary was backdated to 18 November in the minutes but to 17 November in the pay list, and he drew a private's pay until his discharge on 13 December. [Film No. 16, 57, 66]
On 24 March 1771 the King's ship Portland brought general letters from the Court of Directors dated 23 November 1770 and 2 January 1771 and a Secret Committee packet addressed only to the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor. Duplicates came in the Calcutta on 3 April and another packet in the Duke of Richmond on 5 April. The King's ship Swallow brought a second Secret Committee packet on 30 April; the minutes record only that the two men read it and gave directions. [Film No. 112, 128, 130, 210]
A notice of 25 March 1771 called the inhabitants to a vestry at the chapel in James's Valley on 1 April to choose parish officers and a constable and to nominate three men for Sheriff. The vestry chose John Fabian as constable and nominated four churchwardens and two overseers for each of the East, West and South Divisions. The Council made Jonathan Doveton Sheriff in place of Greentree, an unsalaried office, and issued warrants to two churchwardens, Matthew Bazett and Orlando Bagley, and one overseer per division. Doveton, Bazett and Bagley were sworn on 29 April, with Julio Fabiano as constable. [Film No. 113, 126-127, 167, 168, 179, 209]
On 1 April 1771 the Council admitted Richard Powell, the storekeeper's 20-year-old son, as a cadet for his father's long service and his own good character, with promotion subject to the Directors; he drew a sergeant's pay from that day. Joseph Griffiths, a gunner trained as a cooper and described as sober and well behaved, became cooper from 1 April on a five-year engagement in place of John Drawwater. He drew gunner's pay to 13 April and £2 6s 10d for work in the coopers' shop from 18 March. [Film No. 127, 196-198, 202, 204, 328, 349, 350]
On 30 April 1771 Purling, with a very bad cold, asked to be spared mustering the ships in the road from an open boat, a duty he had performed for every arrival since February and called a great burden but would continue until the Directors reassigned it. The Council appointed Wrangham for the ships then present and whenever Purling could not go. [Film No. 210-211]
The civil list for the quarter ending 30 June 1771 added Edward Daniels as mason from 3 April at almost £30 0s 0d a quarter, the highest artificer's pay, with John Daniels, probably his son, as apprentice. John Preston, the former mason, became mason's mate, Griffiths drew £15 0s 0d as cooper and Mahoney now received diet money. [Film No. 325, 326, 327]
On 24 June 1771 the Council required anyone receiving more than 2 gallons of arrack by permit as a present to swear before the Governor or Lieutenant Governor that he had not paid and would not pay for it, and then to pay duty of £0 0s 3d a gallon. [Film No. 274]
A notice of 26 August 1771 required every inhabitant to send the Secretary's office a signed account of family, lands and cattle by 30 September and on that day to attend at the Castle to pay a year's rents and dues. The stores closed from 7 September to 3 October, and Corneille took the annual inventory in person on 9 September. [Film No. 382-383, 392, 396]
Military Affairs and Defence
The artillery account for October 1770, approved on 12 November, recorded 97 guns fired and 942 lb 11 oz of powder used. A salute of 21 guns on 25 October for the tenth anniversary of George III's accession took 209 lb, and 385 lb 11 oz went on unspecified services. The gunners scaled the guns at every battery from Banks's to Turk's Cap, including Munden's Point, Rupert's, Sandy Bay and Lemon Valley. November and December used 107 lb 6 oz and 55 lb 5 oz; November's issue was mainly nine gun carriages, trucks, quoins and sponge staves. The captain of artillery signed as James Sippet in October and November and as James Tippet in December. [Film No. 6, 7, 17, 26]
The pay list for the quarter ending 31 December 1770 covered four infantry companies and an Artillery Company. Infantry captains drew £59 6s 3d a quarter and lieutenants £27 7s 6d, with diet money and usually house rent; sergeants drew £7 13s 4d, corporals and drummers £5 7s 4d and privates £3 16s 8d, or £15 6s 8d a year. Sergeant Jarrad Goudy of the Third Company drew £12 5s 4d. In the artillery a sergeant drew £9 4s 0d, a corporal or bombardier £6 18s 0d, a gunner £6 2s 8d and a matross £4 12s 0d. Tippet drew £50 0s 0d a quarter as engineer, or £200 0s 0d a year, without diet money, and £59 6s 3d as captain of the Artillery Company. [Film No. 56, 58-74]
Pay was reckoned to the day. Patrick Rowland was reduced from corporal on 3 October 1770, and John Hill then served three days as private and 89 as corporal. William Downing left the Second Company for the artillery as a matross on 4 October, and John Glynny moved the other way on 6 October at a loss of £0 15s 4d a quarter. William Gissing received a £2 0s 0d bounty for enlisting for five years under the Articles of War from 3 October; Charles Golding and Thomas Tyler took the same for promising to enlist when their contracts expired, but Golding died and Tyler deserted. [Film No. 58-60, 63, 69-70, 73, 82]
The drum major received £1 0s 0d a quarter for teaching the young drummers and the fife major £2 6s 0d for 92 days teaching the young fifers (£2 5s 0d in March 1771). Fathers and sons served together, among them Thomas Ainsworth senior and junior, Sergeant Francis Seale and the drummer Benjamin Seale, and the matrosses Thomas Green senior and junior. [Film No. 58, 62, 73, 78, 168, 190, 328, 333, 345, 354]
Recruits received their first coat, breeches, shirts, shoes, stockings and blanket free; serving soldiers bought replacements at a 10 per cent advance, taking 418 pairs of shoes at about £0 5s 0d a pair and 215 shirts in the quarter ending 31 December 1770. The Company issued 287 pieces of pork worth £28 16s 4d to make up short weight in the salt meat ration. The outguards received an hourglass and horn leaves for their lanterns, and the men drew arrack at muster. [Film No. 16, 33, 34, 45, 46, 58-71]
An alarm was fired on 5 January 1771, and on 24 January guns at Prosperous Bay and Turk's Cap marked a ship passing at a great distance. The Lapwing received nine guns on arriving and on leaving. On 26 February an alarm of 15 guns, the largest recorded, greeted five ships passing the island. January and February used 231 lb 3 oz and 257 lb 9 oz of powder, of which 76 lb and 96 lb blasted rock for the Ladder Hill road. Britain and Spain were close to war over the Falkland Islands from September 1770 until a settlement in London on 22 January 1771, but the minutes never mention the crisis. [Film No. 53, 54, 55, 84, 89, 99]
On 4 March 1771 the Council landed three men who had stowed away at Bombay in the Duke of Cumberland, John Sharp, Joseph Breston and James Hadley, to serve out their full contracts in the garrison without bounty instead of facing court martial at Bombay. They were kept at £0 0s 6d a day for 15 days, entered as enlisted on 19 March and paid a £2 0s 0d bounty each dated 23 March. On 11 March the Council enlisted two Bombay soldiers, Thomas Harrison and Jasper Jefferson, at £5 0s 0d each because they appeared good men, and on 12 March John Wright for five years at £5 0s 0d. Wright became a matross on 23 March. Nine invalids discharged on 13 and 16 March, John Glynny among them, went home in the Earl of Middlesex and the Greenwich at £5 0s 0d a head. Six men re-enlisted for five years from 31 January and 9 February at £10 0s 0d each. [Film No. 94, 96-97, 100, 106, 156, 157, 172, 174, 176, 177, 178, 185, 188, 190, 194, 201]
The pay list for the quarter ending 31 March 1771 named the infantry captains as Corneille, Henry Bazett, Richard Beale and John Howard, with Tippet commanding the artillery. A private drew £3 15s 0d, a matross £4 10s 0d, a gunner £6 0s 0d and an infantry sergeant £7 10s 0d at £0 1s 8d a day, while James Goudy alone drew £0 2s 8d a day, explained in June as sergeant-major of the Third Company. The list totalled £3,844 5s 10d for 90 days, the previous quarter having 92. Each reduction was matched by a promotion in the same company: Andrew Pidcock fell from gunner to matross as Charles Abrahams rose, and John Jacks fell from sergeant to corporal on 21 March as William Hill rose. The garrison stores came to £91 2s 2d, including six sets of recruits' clothing and 342 pieces of salt pork worth £39 18s 0d for short weight. [Film No. 156, 157, 168, 169, 172, 175, 176, 179, 182, 183, 185, 190, 194]
Eleven pieces of red, white and blue bunting worth £13 19s 7d went to the fortifications in the quarter ending 31 March 1771. Robert Cunningham, a matross, received £3 1s 0d on and after 4 February for making Union flags for the main fort, the Ridge House and Prosperous Bay and mending others. Sixteen express messengers sent on alarms cost £4 0s 0d and a new breastwork £12 19s 0d, and the smiths cleaned the small arms and made rails for the Mount. [Film No. 164, 165, 186, 192, 194]
March 1771 used 628 lb 6 oz of powder, almost all on salutes and alarms, with 32 lb for the Ladder Hill road. Each Company ship received nine guns, the Portland 13 and the Swedish ships up to 16, returned gun for gun. Alarm guns at Prosperous Bay, Purling's Battery and the Ridge House announced every sail. [Film No. 134-135]
Tippet reported on 1 April 1771 that the men's barracks would be finished in eight or 10 days except for window glass. He proposed officers' barracks next and repairs to the Half Moon Battery, whose merlons were failing from bad mortar used by his predecessor, Captain Mitchell, and whose embrasures were too narrow. He named three or four western valleys to be walled in case of war. The Council ordered the merlons of Purling's Battery repaired at once, the leeward valleys surveyed and the officers' barracks stopped; the name Purling's Half Moon Battery in July shows that both names meant one battery. On 8 April John Springthorpe, a private, and Samuel Smith, a matross, petitioned for discharge on completing their contracts. [Film No. 112, 125-126, 132, 279]
Tippet reported on 15 April 1771 on the gullies between James's Valley and Lemon Valley. Breakneck Valley was walled already, and Friar's gully needed a wall with the ground filled level behind it so that floodwater could run over. Between Horse Pasture Point and the Needles, Old Woman's and Thompson's gullies lay wholly open, and the Council ordered Thompson's, the easier landing, walled at once and especially strong. On 16 April Captain John Elliot of the Portland obtained the discharge of Benjamin Bartley four months before his term ended; the pay list names him Benjamin Barclay, discharged on 12 April. [Film No. 163, 164, 196, 197, 201, 349, 350]
The Calcutta landed 63 recruits in April 1771, and her surgeon, Charles Mentres, was paid £0 5s 0d a head on 22 April for their care; Charles Wray, surgeon of the Duke of Richmond, received £15 0s 0d for 60 more. About 70 men enlisted on 3 and 5 April, Henry Bayfield entering directly as corporal and Thomas Blake as sergeant on 5 April. Fifteen soldiers re-enlisted for five years at £10 0s 0d each and seven new men cost £23 0s 0d in bounties. Evan Rowland, who re-enlisted on 2 April, died on 3 September 1771. The pay list for the quarter ending 30 June rose to £4,343 6s 3½d, a private drawing £3 15s 10d for 91 days. [Film No. 328, 329, 336, 340, 348, 350, 360, 362, 390]
On 29 April 1771 four deserters from the Company's Indian settlements surrendered, Samuel Steel and John Pitt of the Duke of Kingston and Samuel Wainwright and John Beard of the Houghton. The Council kept them to serve out their terms and gave each £3 0s 0d for clothes. Thomas Williams, a matross, went missing on 1 May; a search of every ship before the convoy sailed found no trace, and the Council concluded that he was hidden aboard one. Boatmen were paid on 3 May and again in June to search ships for deserters. [Film No. 208, 232, 333, 336, 341, 347, 348]
An order of 2 May 1771 required Captain Henry Hinde Pelly of the Europa to sail on 4 May under escort of the Portland, commanded by John Elliot, and to keep company with her to the Downs. If separated he was to guard against danger from an unexpected change in public affairs. On 4 May the Portland and the Endeavour sailed with 12 Company ships, and the island fired its 32-pounder and two 24-pounders. [Film No. 230-231, 256, 285]
Deserters from the King's sloop Swallow could be neither enlisted nor tried by the Council, which resolved on 6 May 1771 to set them to work at £0 1s 0d a day for their keep and send them to England. Only one appeared: the minutes of 6 May report his surrender, but those of 31 May date it to the day after the Swallow sailed. On 31 May the Council recorded its belief that Captain Shirley had been mistaken in reporting two deserters. [Film No. 231-232, 247]
The April 1771 artillery account recorded 183 guns and 499 lb of powder, with alarms at Lemon Valley on 3 April, at Prosperous Bay and on most days of arrival; an alarm on 9 April was doubled three times with nine guns. Each Company ship received nine guns and each King's ship 11, as did one captain on coming ashore. The Duke of Richmond gave no salute on arrival and received none. The May account is given as 34 guns and 65 lb in one copy and 416 lb 15 oz in another; June used 505 lb 1 oz. Other items included 58 lb for the Ladder Hill road, a 24-pound shot broken at Munden's Point, two 18-pounders fired at Purling's Battery in May, 21 guns using 63 lb for the King's birthday on 4 June and a 6-pounder fired by accident on the Castle curtain. [Film No. 234, 255, 256, 285]
The Council surveyed the leeward valleys on 14 May 1771. The wall in Thompson's Valley, the widest, was to be raised from 13 feet to 16 feet. Old Woman's and Friar's valleys were narrower but open and each needed a similar wall with the watercourse carried over it. A rock ledge in Breakneck Valley was to be built up with a wall, and Swanly and Young's valleys needed only points of rock cut from their ledges and their floors cleared of stones thrown up by the surf. [Film No. 240-241]
The same survey found that the overflow section at Thompson's Valley was laid in earth instead of lime and had too little batter. Tippet had ordered a slope of 1 inch to the foot, but the master mason, perhaps Edward Daniels, had allowed 5 inches over the whole height in place of 13. The mason, who pleaded that he was newly arrived and did not know whose orders to follow, was severely reprimanded and threatened with dismissal. The Council kept the section for its strength and internal counterfort and resolved on 20 May that the outer 1½ feet of every fortification be laid in lime mortar. [Film No. 240, 325-327, 373]
The private Stephen Tuck, enlisted on 5 April, hanged himself on 8 May 1771, and the coroner received £1 5s 0d for the inquest. The drummer John Browne was killed on 16 May by a stone blasted from the Church Yard in the middle of the town; on 20 May the boy William Paddom enlisted for five years as fifer in his place with a £2 0s 0d bounty, while John Whyell became drummer. Corporal Henry Clarke died on 16 May (17 May in the pay list), and Thomas Reade was made corporal on 18 May. Benjamin Pollard replaced William Hamilton, reduced to private, and on 16 and 17 May four men exchanged between the infantry and the artillery. John Moyer and James Newport were discharged on 27 May and 3 June on completing their terms. [Film No. 233, 236, 238, 243, 248, 328, 330-333, 336, 338, 339, 345, 346, 347, 352]
The annual clothing for the quarter ending 30 June 1771 comprised more than 400 coats and pairs of breeches and suits for sergeants, drummers and gunners, costing £1,045 14s 10d. Each man also received a shirt, shoes, stockings and a hat, which accounted for 529 shirts, 556 pairs of shoes and 499 hats. Twelve crimson silk sashes for officers cost £32 12s 0d, five watch coats went to night sentries, and recruits received 128 blankets and 619 lb of flour. With 420 pieces of salt pork for short weight, the garrison's stores totalled £1,647 17s 5d. [Film No. 311, 312, 313]
About 10 June 1771 Corporal William Jones, who had left England without his family's consent, sought early discharge at their wish, backed by a letter to Corneille from the commanding officer of artillery in Ireland. The Council granted it for his good conduct, and Captain Nicholas Skottowe took him home in the Bridgewater. On 17 June the Worcester took 12 invalids to England at £5 0s 0d a head, yet Hatton Walker and Thomas Watson drew a full quarter's pay. On 24 June John Griffis, left behind by the Worcester, enlisted for five years with a £5 0s 0d bounty. [Film No. 263, 271, 352, 354]
A letter from Fort St George of 25 March 1771, signed among others by Warren Hastings, arrived in the Egmont with three soldiers. John Anderson and John Taylor had deserted to the country powers and been pardoned on condition of five years' service wherever sent. James McGrue had been sentenced for desertion and for urging others to desert, with a term running to 5 October 1775. Madras judged none of them trustworthy on the coast, and on 1 July the Council kept all three and gave each £3 0s 0d for belongings lost in a gale. [Film No. 275-277]
Tippet reported on 1 July 1771 that the quarter's work had gone mainly on Thompson's Gully, with materials prepared for Purling's Half Moon Battery, gun platforms laid in the demi-bastion in James's Valley, the churchyard enlarged and the new barracks glazed. He proposed to finish Thompson's and wall Old Woman's Gully, and the Council deferred the merlons until it had inspected them. The leeward valleys had their own account of £23 15s 2d: gangs camped there with iron pots, a frying pan, a lamp and canvas, and the smiths turned 404 lb of bar iron and 44 lb of steel into crowbars and drills. Masons' broaches and point tools worth over £3 0s 0d went to the battery and demi-bastion, and the general fortifications drew £8 2s 10d, chiefly pickaxes for Sandy Bay and locks for the lime house. [Film No. 279, 317, 318, 319, 320, 323]
Wages for the quarter ending 30 June 1771 show 3,427½ labourer-days at Thompson's Valley costing £212 1s 3d, against £79 10s 9d at the finished barracks. Labourers carried materials to Banks's and lime to Old Woman's Valley, the guard rooms at Prosperous Bay and Munden's Point were repaired, and the demi-bastion cost £26 11s 2d. Nineteen express messengers were paid for carrying news of alarms. [Film No. 356, 358]
William Weden, a matross, disappeared on 3 July 1771, and an artillery officer searched the Egmont and the Harcourt in vain. On 6 July the Council ordered the commanders to search their own ships, and Captain Nathaniel Paul brought Weden ashore that evening from a seaman's chest in the Harcourt; Weden drew a full quarter's pay. Purling had found no deserters in the Bridgewater, Huntingdon, Northington and Worcester in June or in the Egmont and Harcourt on 8 July. [Film No. 257, 280, 287, 333, 336]
On 3 August 1771 the Council found the finished wall at Thompson's Valley 16 feet high and closing the valley but built in earth; it minuted strong disapproval on 5 August and ordered the remaining walls built under the resolution of 20 May, but let this one stand. [Film No. 372-373]
In August 1771 the True Briton brought 32 truck carriages from Bombay for guns from 9-pounders to 32-pounders, with a bed for a 13-inch mortar, invoiced at 5,121 rupees 3 quarters 21 reas, more than ten times her rice and cloth. Captain Broadley reported on 2 September that he had dismantled them for lack of room and found several rotten, and some parts never arrived. Tippet found only the 9-pounder parts unfit, but his report counted 52 sides for 32-pounder carriages against 10 such carriages invoiced. [Film No. 381-382, 388-389]
July 1771 used 166 lb 4 oz of powder, August 363 lb 10 oz and September 337 lb 14 oz, much of it for the Ladder Hill road; July had one alarm and no salutes. On 7 September the Council discharged John McAllister at the end of his term and put John Buckman, discharged for bad behaviour, aboard the Prime as a seaman. When the private Henry Miller vanished on 9 September as the Prime and the True Briton sailed, a gun brought them to for a search. Captain Eglinton told the searching officer that his gunner, David Robinson, had probably hidden Miller, but did not hand him over. [Film No. 375, 383, 391, 393, 396, 417]
On the evening of 30 September 1771 Lieutenant Thomas Bazett learned that men of the Lemon Valley guard and the longboat crew meant to seize the Company's longboat and leave the island. Tippet and Bazett, sent with armed men, removed the longboat's sails and rudder, left aboard against standing orders. They rowed to Lemon Valley, where Sergeant Moore and two men had gone half an hour before; the deserters had drawn the corporal aside and taken about 90 of Tippet's poultry, 4,000 musket cartridges and four stands of arms. Tippet fired two 6-pounders and returned after midnight. A boat had come under the longboat's stern and rowed out to sea, and the men were never seen again. [Film No. 407-409, 418-421]
The Governor's minute named three deserters and Corneille's six, adding the longboat hands William Harrison, John Coulson and Nicholas Dennis, who took the Company's yawl. The Governor placed the water casks on the West Rocks and recorded Tippet's doubt that the men meant to leave, but Tippet's own letter placed them at the crane and described a planned escape. Tippet and Bazett blamed the darkness and heavy sea, concluded that the deserters had drowned and did not answer the Governor's question whether a watch at Lemon Valley or more boats would have caught them. [Film No. 407-409, 411, 418-422]
Corneille, commanding the garrison, complained that he was not told until after 6 am on 1 October, argued that the Council should have met, that the guns had warned the men off and that armed boats should have watched the coast silently all night, and condemned keeping sergeants at outposts beyond their relief. Skottowe replied on 7 October that urgency justified acting alone and that he regarded himself as commanding officer, answerable only to the Directors. On 14 October Tippet complained of Corneille's "undeserved language" and past slights, claiming that neither the Governor nor Purling had ever reprimanded him; Corneille demanded particulars, and the Council ordered Tippet to supply them. [Film No. 409-412, 422-424]
On 7 October 1771 Tippet reported walls finished in Thompson's, Old Woman's and Swanly gullies, good progress at Friar's Gully and repairs to Purling's Half Moon Battery and the old barracks. The Council ordered him to complete the valleys first and then gather materials for a new church and officers' barracks. [Film No. 412-413]
Public Works
Tippet reported on 7 January 1771 that his workmen had spent the last quarter of 1770 mainly on the new barracks, besides window sills for the Lieutenant Governor, repairs to the Castle and his house, brickmaking and embrasure stones. After two successful trials of brickmaking at Sandy Bay, the Council put the manufacture on a regular footing and ordered him to press on with the barracks. Brickmaking had taken 37 days of skilled work, 30 of overseers and 60 of labourers, and carrying lime from the Sandy Bay kilns 363 labourer-days. [Film No. 22, 23, 80]
The barracks stores for the quarter ending 31 December 1770 cost £134 19s 2d, including 349 deals, 28 balks, 18 crowbars, 33 wheelbarrows and 1,160 lb of bar iron. Wages came to £313 13s 7d for 4,210½ labourer-days, 469¼ days of masons and 401¾ of stone blowers, labourers earning £0 1s 0d a day; the account does not say whether they were soldiers, hired men or slaves. Smaller sums went on the gun carriages (£6 5s 3d), the drawbridge (£2 11s 0d), the Castle (£15 13s 4d) and the Lieutenant Governor's house (£13 18s 6d). Workmen also rebuilt the West Bastion in James's Valley, cleared Side Path, Rupert's path and the lines and made cots. [Film No. 51, 52, 53, 78, 80, 82]
The fortifications account for the same quarter came to £55 4s 9d. Men carrying powder by hand to the newly finished battery at Munden's Point received 16 gallons of arrack. Almost 10 cwt of sheet lead was cut into aprons for the touchholes, and some 40 gallons of linseed oil and stone-coloured paint protected the iron guns. Iron went to the drawbridge and the lime kilns, the Sandy Bay quarry received saws, axes and shovels, and lime bags were patched with sail needles, twine and candle wax. Repairs to buildings cost £27 12s 8d, mainly for repainting the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the Plantation House; the Lieutenant Governor's house had been entered in the books as Company property on 29 October 1770. [Film No. 39-44, 50, 53, 54, 55]
The longboats used stores worth £37 15s 9d in the quarter ending 31 December 1770, chiefly 1,040 lb of cordage at £16 5s 0d, with elm for the parts kept wet, wainscot and deal above, a barrel each of pitch and tar and blue and white bunting. The men who hauled and launched the boats received 9 gallons of arrack. [Film No. 36, 44, 50, 51]
The barracks stores for the quarter ending 31 March 1771 came to £166 5s 5d, of which timber was £131 18s 2d, including 600 double deals against 86 before. Wages there were £339 16s 10d, with 4,185⅔ labourer-days costing £209 5s 9d. A new watercourse and the enclosure of waste ground beside a Company house took 73¾ days of stone laying and 654¾ labourer-days, costing £43 16s 0d. The longboats took 329½ days of work, with carpentry on their moorings from 28 March. Labourers spent 74 days on a fishpond in the Lieutenant Governor's yard, and the stable at Plantation House was repaired. Stone layers cutting a new road up Ladder Hill earned £0 3s 0d a day, and the road cost £36 2s 7d. Repairs to buildings fell to £2 7s 5d. [Film No. 135, 152-155, 163, 164, 186, 188, 192, 194]
On 22 April 1771, 65 large squares of window glass from the Calcutta were found broken in a package that had arrived sound. The barracks stores for the quarter ending 30 June fell to £67 5s 6d, the remaining 262 deals going into fittings, stairs and upper floors, with 180 panes, 26 stock locks, glazing brads and verdigris for green doors and shutters. On 22 June George Bazett, writer and clerk of the works, sold the Company 211 large panes at £0 1s 6d each, totalling £15 16s 6d. [Film No. 163, 164, 192, 204, 308, 323, 324, 325, 326, 354]
The Council bought a pinnace with masts, oars and sails for £27 10s 0d on 15 April 1771 to inspect the coastal fortifications, from Captain John Pierce according to the minutes but from Captain Prince of the Latham on 17 April according to the accounts. It also bought a longboat from Captain Purvis for £34 10s 0d and yawls from a Captain Bazett for £6 0s 0d and from Captain Poynting of the Resolution. An iron mooring chain of 18 cwt 2 qr 3 lb cost £35 15s 0d of the boats' account of £75 5s 6d, with two grapnels at £6 15s 4d. Six knees and six timbers replaced those the Duke of Richmond failed to deliver, and labourers spent 1,049 days landing goods from her and the Calcutta. [Film No. 196, 197, 321, 322, 350, 352]
On 7 October 1771 the Company agreed to match the inhabitants' subscription to realign the Ladder Hill road, which the grand jury at the quarterly court of 3 October 1770 had sought because its steepness had injured several travellers and killed some. [Film No. 413-414]
Settlement, Land and Agriculture
On 12 November 1770 it let barren, rocky land to Samuel Knipe, who had sought it in August, at £0 1s 0d an acre on Corneille's report. On 26 November George Bird, a joiner, took waste ground beside his house in the valley at £0 2s 0d a year, a plot of 53 by 14 feet. On 3 December Purling found that one of two plots sought by John Desfountain encroached on John Morrall's house and land, drew a boundary along an old fence round Level Wood, a gully and the hillside, and both plots went to Desfountain at £0 1s 0d an acre. On 10 December Lieutenant John Shelley of the artillery obtained leave to pass his ground in James's Valley to his sister, Philippa Campbell. On 17 December Roderick Merchant, a publican, took a plot 20 feet wide and 60 feet deep at £0 3s 0d a year. Bird's and Merchant's leases were signed on 18 February 1771. [Film No. 8, 14, 15, 16, 20, 71, 91]
On 4 February 1771 Lieutenant Robert Gosling replaced two dead nominees on his lease of 3 acres, Sarah and Dorothy Powell, with John Doveton, son of the widow Mary Doveton, and Samuel Mason, son of Benjamin Mason. He obtained a new deed in place of a worn one on paying half a year's rent at £0 1s 6d an acre for each life, a fine of £0 13s 6d. On 11 February John Seale received the rocky plot he had sought on 5 November 1770 at £0 1s 0d an acre after more than three months' inspection. William Young and Gosling sought waste land beside their holdings on Barren Hill the same day to shorten their fences. Mary Harper's request of 18 February to renew her lease was granted, and her new lease of a plot 60 feet square at £0 12s 0d a year followed on 4 March. [Film No. 85-86, 88-91, 94]
On 11 March 1771 Captain Henry Bazett and William Wrangham, guardians of John Soule, a midshipman in the Duke of Cumberland, sought leave to auction his 17 acres at Sandy Bay. Elizabeth Desfountain had sought similar leave on 22 October 1770 to auction 25½ acres of freehold. James Pritchard, a tailor, had his lease in James's Valley renewed on 27 May 1771 and signed on 10 June, for a plot 50 feet by 40 feet at £0 7s 0d a year. [Film No. 15, 95, 100, 243, 255]
On 22 July 1771 Purling reported on the Barren Hill strips, and the Council let Young's better ground at £0 1s 6d an acre and Gosling's at £0 1s 0d. It renewed Margaret Alcock's leases and, on 29 July, Nathan Campbell's 8½ acres, signing both at £0 5s 0d an acre on 5 August. On 19 August Captain Henry Bazett received leave to transfer ground in James's Valley to Lieutenant John Bazett. On 30 September further leases went to Young, Gosling, Samuel Knipe junior, John Desfountain and John Seale, mostly at £0 1s 0d an acre. [Film No. 367-368, 373, 378, 404-405]
The planters paid £825 0s 3d in rents on 30 September 1771, against £620 7s 3½d a year before, much of the rise coming from waste land let during the year at £0 1s 0d or £0 1s 6d an acre. The roll covered 2,203¼ acres of freehold owing a small quitrent and 2,261½ acres of leasehold; barren strips paid £0 1s 0d an acre, good ground £0 4s 0d or £0 5s 0d, and house plots in James's Valley ground rent. Richard Bagley paid most, at £53 4s 2d, and the Bagleys together about £118 0s 0d, while Purling paid £36 6s 8d and Wrangham £30 12s 0d. [Film No. 401-404]
Corneille's livestock account for the quarter ending 31 December 1770, presented on 14 January 1771, showed cattle falling from 370 to 322, with 49 deaths, 26 of them calves, six slaughtered and seven calves born. Sheep fell from 521 to 438, with 80 killed and 14 lambs born, and goats rose from 158 to 163. Butter for the Company's table fell from 23 lb in October to 1½ lb in December, and none was bought in January 1771. The plantation's horses ate over 40 cwt of imported unhusked rice costing £20 11s 10d, and its stores, worth £37 7s 5d, included six scythes, 12 pruning knives and cordage for arbours. [Film No. 7, 25, 26, 48, 49, 76, 87, 89-90]
Feral goats threatened the uplands: the artillery issued lead ball each month for shooting them, 2 lb in January and 4 lb 15 oz in February 1771, and the plantation fed the men sent to catch them on salt pork. All timber was imported, including Riga timber and Baltic wainscot. Thomas Jordan was paid £2 11s 0d on 31 December 1770 for 34 days' mowing at Longwood, then for 77 days at £0 1s 0d a day in the first quarter of 1771 and £3 16s 0d in the second. [Film No. 7, 17, 26, 32, 48, 97, 99, 160, 161, 190, 316, 317, 350, 354]
The plantation account for the first quarter of 1771 recorded cattle falling from 322 to 258, with 56 dead and 11 killed; 34 calves died and three were born. Sheep fell from 438 to 355, mostly killed for the ships and the table, and goats rose from 163 to 181. Livestock received 19,400 lb of yams, and the horses and poultry rice and unhusked rice worth £17 17s 4d. The plantation stores of £25 12s 4d included salt beef for the mowers, surcingles and tools for the pastures and flower gardens. The Company redeemed one of its own hogs from the pound for £0 5s 0d, and the constable paid £5 14s 1d in bounties for the heads of rats and mice. [Film No. 132-133, 157, 160, 161, 190]
In the quarter ending 30 June 1771 cattle fell from 258 to 228, with 28 killed for the ships, 14 deaths and nine calves born; sheep fell from 355 to 318 and goats from 181 to 158. The plantation stores came to £26 19s 11d, of which rice and unhusked rice for cows, poultry, slaves and horses cost £20 8s 8d. Captain Lauder sold the Company garden seeds from the Cape for £1 10s 0d. In the quarter ending 30 September cattle stood at 226, with seven calves born and six deaths; sheep rose to 330 with 83 lambs despite 56 killed, goats rose to 182 and one horse sold for £1 0s 0d. [Film No. 257, 284, 316, 317, 350, 354, 416]
On 29 July 1771 Corneille received leave to gather materials for the house the Directors had ordered at Longwood, which he expected to take a year because the mortar there was poor and most would come from the valley. The Council told him to fence the site so that trees could be raised to shelter the house. [Film No. 368-369]
Supply and Provisioning
A notice of 17 December 1770 required every planter to return by 28 December a signed account of the cattle he had ready for slaughter in 1771, to report any loss of a listed beast in writing within three days or supply another, to account for losses since the return of 30 September 1770 and to list horses, sheep and goats, including sheep for sale. The return, received on 31 December, offered only 196 head; the planters' herds had lost 330 head in two dry years and the Company's 130 during 1770. A notice of the same day asked planters to fatten more cattle and report by 1 June 1771, and cut the ships' beef allowance from one-third to one-quarter, leaving each ship 420 of a unit lost from the page. Sheep had been requested from the Cape on 9 August 1770. [Film No. 18, 21, 22]
Company servants bought 2,796 pieces of salt beef and 3,962 of salt pork at £0 2s 0d a piece in the quarter ending 31 December 1770, totalling £675 16s 0d, and baked bread worth £466 5s 8d, together just over half their purchases. They also bought more than 3,000 fish hooks and over 360 lines. William Jenkins, a matross, received £11 18s 4d for baking 143 batches of garrison bread at £0 1s 8d a batch (133 batches in the March 1771 account). The surgeon, Robert Barclay, received £11 8s 7d for hospital necessaries and £8 0s 0d for supplying the hospital with provisions through 1770. [Film No. 27, 29, 35, 36, 76, 78, 90, 99-100, 190]
The Company's table at the Castle consumed fresh provisions worth £44 13s 2d in October 1770, £41 10s 3½d in November and £35 5s 7½d in December, with arrack the largest charge and 124 gallons more drawn from the stores in the quarter. Mutton ran between 230 lb and 314 lb a month, and flour rose from 53¼ lb in October to 530 lb in November. The paymaster bought beef, pork, veal, cheeses, poultry and eggs for it. Spending fell to £31 7s 4¼d in January 1771 and £28 11s 6¾d in February, when Madeira was the largest drink. [Film No. 7, 17, 26, 45, 76, 90, 99]
The Prince of Wales arrived from Bengal on 3 February 1771 with about 125 cwt of rice, sugar, wax candles and two leaguers of Batavia arrack, invoiced at 2,683 rupees 4 annas; the Company's slaves had eaten more than 173 cwt of rice in the last quarter of 1770. On 25 February the storekeeper reported 15 bags of unhusked rice and two of sugar undelivered and the arrack 15½ gallons short, distinguishing undelivered goods from wastage in sound packages. The Greenwich brought 45 bags of rice and 32 of batty from Bombay, and her shortages were recorded on 15 March. [Film No. 84-85, 93, 98, 102]
Captain Jonathan Court of the Prince of Wales wrote on 4 February 1771 that only five white and three black seamen were fit to work and some men were near death. The Council lent him a sergeant and 20 privates but allowed only seven head of cattle, urged him to use little fresh food and sent him to buy sheep and goats from the planters. On 4 March Captain Augustus Savage of the Duke of Cumberland, who had missed the Cape in bad weather, received three head after the Council checked the slaughter list. [Film No. 86-87, 96-97]
The coffee having run out, the Council ordered Savage on 11 March 1771 to land two whole or four half bales of the Company's homeward coffee. No brimstone had been in the previous year's indent, so on 16 March it bought 1,344 lb from Captain John Rogers of the Earl of Middlesex, from China, at £0 0s 2d a pound, for £11 4s 0d. On 17 or 18 March it bought 1,229 pieces of salt meat at £0 2s 0d a piece (£122 18s 0d) and 24 cwt 1 qr 18 lb of wheat from Captain Robert Carr of the Greenwich, £139 15s 6d in all. The stores fitted up a mill to grind the wheat for the Castle. [Film No. 101, 105, 106, 153, 188, 190]
The Canton supercargoes sent sugar and sugar candy in eight China ships under invoices dated between 11 December 1770 and 9 January 1771, mostly 19 or 20 chests of about 5,300 lb net a ship, with 24 chests of 6,334 lb in the Lord Camden. The chests were numbered in one series across the fleet. Ordinary sugar and candy cost 4½ to 5 taels a picul and the superfine candy in the Kent 9½ taels, and the island received almost 40,000 lb in all. The Kent also brought 12 boxes of porcelain invoiced on 11 December 1770, including 25 blue-and-white dinner services of 37 pieces at 3 taels 9 mace a set, about £1 6s 0d, less 2 per cent for breakage. [Film No. 123-124, 130-132, 138-141, 144, 149, 150]
The Admiral Pocock landed 300 Surat maunds of fine rice from Bombay at 28 rupees for 18 maunds, against 22 rupees in the Greenwich, on an invoice of 592 rupees 3 quarters 35 reas laid before the Council on 1 April 1771. The Houghton on 3 April and the Duke of Kingston on 15 April brought matching Bengal invoices signed by L. Darell, each listing 120 bazaar maunds of rice with sugar, wax candles and Batavia arrack and 135 rupees for sloop hire down the Hooghly. They priced the rice at 8 and 3 rupees a maund respectively, and neither total matches its stated rate. Five casks of flour consigned in the Duke of Richmond never arrived. [Film No. 125, 128-129, 137, 195, 196]
In the first quarter of 1771 the table drew stores worth £57 3s 2d, including 98 gallons of arrack, 25 lb of coffee and 100 pieces of salt meat against 72 before. The paymaster bought eggs, fowls, pigs, beef, 12 turkeys, 150 apples, a firkin of butter for £3 10s 0d and mutton from the Lieutenant Governor himself, and six tablecloths, two overlays and 24 napkins for the Castle cost £23 8s 0d. The table cost £33 11s 3½d in March, with 94 bottles of Madeira against 49 in February, as the Governor entertained Company, Swedish, Danish and naval officers. In April it cost £35 18s 3d, the highest since October 1770, with 93 bottles of Madeira, 335 lb of mutton and 117 lb of beef, the year's lowest. [Film No. 135, 152-156, 186, 188, 190, 192, 235]
On 29 April 1771 Captains Smith and Morrison asked for flour from the Company's stores, and the Council sent them first to private individuals on the island, offering its own stock only if they failed. [Film No. 209]
Storekeeper's accounts of 22 April to 8 June 1771 classed losses by cause: breakage in sound packages and goods missing when packed lay with the London warehouse, wastage of soap, leather and salt was natural, and goods undelivered lay with the ships' officers. The Calcutta failed to deliver gun-carriage ironwork, coal, pitch and tar and a coffin, and about one-third of her tiles broke in landing. The Duke of Richmond lacked four knees for the longboats, about one-third of her slates broke, and her mountain wine and port came 3 and 4 gallons short; two hogsheads of her Lisbon wine, gauged on landing on 22 April, were 6 gallons short. China sugar lost only a few pounds in chests of almost 300 lb, about 60 pieces of the Kent's porcelain were broken, the Houghton's wax candles lost 1 cwt 1 qr 20 lb, and arrack from the Houghton, Duke of Kingston, Europa and Vansittart came 10 to 16 gallons short a pair of leaguers. [Film No. 204, 205, 206-208, 228, 254]
The Bengal invoices of the Europa, entered on 3 May 1771, and the Worcester, entered on 8 June, each listed 60 bags of rice, 10 of sugar, 15 of unhusked rice, four chests of wax candles and two leaguers of Batavia arrack. They totalled 1,884 rupees 2 annas 6 pice and 1,922 rupees 3 annas 0 pice, each including 135 rupees for sloop hire. The Worcester's invoice charged 13 rupees 8 annas for mortars and rated her arrack at 140 rupees a leaguer but extended it at 302 rupees 6 annas 6 pice, the figure for 150. [Film No. 226, 251-252]
The Resolution brought 12 chests of bohea from China weighing 1,892 lb net at 14 taels a picul in May 1771, about a fifth of the gross weight being lead-lined chest. The Bridgewater brought congou at 25 taels and hyson skin at 27 taels under an invoice dated at Canton on 1 February 1771, the hyson skin replacing singlo as the island's green tea. The Vansittart brought from Madras long cloth in three grades, arrack, rice and unhusked rice, worth 764 pagodas 15 fanams 47 cash, her superfine cloth costing 13⅕ pagodas a piece. The Northington brought 45 bags of rice from Bombay at 24 rupees for 18 Surat maunds; her total of 541 rupees 1 quarter 50 reas does not reconcile with 400 rupees of rice and 64 rupees 2 quarters 30 reas of charges. [Film No. 242, 245-246, 249-251]
The storekeeper's accounts of 17 June and 8 July 1771 recorded the Northington's and Worcester's rice, sugar and candles slightly short by drying and the Worcester's two leaguers of arrack 15 gallons short. Of the Egmont's 38 bags of rice, 30 never arrived, and her arrack was received at 264 gallons against 284 invoiced on a Madras invoice of 170 pagodas 28 fanams 42 cash signed by George Stratton. Each leaguer was now gauged and entered separately. The stores having no pepper, the Council ordered Captain Paul on 1 July to land 3 cwt of the Company's white pepper from the Harcourt's Bencoolen cargo. [Film No. 267, 275-278, 283]
The Company's table drew stores worth £73 5s 1d in the second quarter of 1771, including 148 gallons of arrack. On 25 April the paymaster spent £52 7s 6d on cheeses, hams, pickles, tongues, currants, potted salmon and butter from the ships, and he also bought mangoes, curry ingredients, capers, sweetmeats, 300 lemons for punch and 10 gallons of rum. John Whitchurch, an artillery sergeant, sold the table two firkins of butter for £8 0s 0d. In May the table bought beef at £0 0s 3d and £0 0s 5d a pound, the first time at two prices, and cost £31 3s 3¾d. June cost £43 13s 2½d, the highest of the year, with 45 bottles of Lisbon wine and 68 of Madeira, and the Castle burned 318 lb of candles in the quarter. [Film No. 257, 284, 286, 305, 311, 350, 352, 354]
The Lord Mansfield's Bengal invoice, entered on 12 August 1771, priced Batavia arrack at 216 rupees a leaguer and included three pipes of Madeira for the Governor's table. On 19 August the storekeeper recorded 13 of her 60 bags of rice and one bag of sugar undelivered, the arrack 19 gallons short and 36½ gallons of Madeira lost. The True Briton brought beaten rice and the first bale of Surat chelloes ordered on 16 April. [Film No. 374-375, 379, 381]
A notice of 12 August 1771 asked every planter to add cattle to the slaughter list of December 1770, since none had offered more in June and the ships were arriving "distressed and sickly". The Lord Mansfield paid £115 9s 1d for refreshment. The Pigot's stores, checked on 23 September, arrived with broken deals and an iron pot, coals short, 36½ feet of Purbeck stone undelivered and her Lisbon, port and Mountain wine 28¼ gallons short. On 16 September the Council contracted with her commander, George Richardson, to bring 200 sheep from the Cape on his homeward voyage at £0 15s 0d a head, payable only for sheep delivered in good condition. [Film No. 377, 397, 399-400]
The Company's table cost £30 17s 1¾d in July 1771, £34 4s 4d in August and £32 11s 9¼d in September. Butter returned in July, and in August all its beef cost £0 0s 3d a pound. [Film No. 376, 394, 418]
Trade and Shipping
The Lapwing arrived on 6 January 1771 from Madras by way of the Cape and sailed for England; the minutes record no livestock aboard. The Prince of Wales, the next Company ship from Asia, sent her boat ashore at Banks's at 10 pm on 2 February. The Duke of Cumberland arrived from Bombay at 5.45 pm on 2 March. On 8 March the Earl of Middlesex, whose boat landed at 2.30 am, arrived from China and the Greenwich from Bombay, while the Prince of Wales sailed for England. The Earl of Middlesex sailed on 17 March and the Duke of Cumberland and Greenwich on 19 March. [Film No. 84, 89, 94, 98, 106]
Purling boarded each arrival to muster the crew and search for deserters, finding none in the Prince of Wales or Duke of Cumberland (reported on 4 March 1771) or in the Greenwich or Earl of Middlesex (reported on 16 March). About 20 seamen of the Prince of Wales, such as Jaffier, Fazel and Ram Fung, were lascars hired in Bengal and entered without surnames; Jerome Pereira and Manuel Barret were probably Indo-Portuguese. The Greenwich carried charter-party passengers, among them Hannah Cammell, and listed Captain Joseph Liddle apart. [Film No. 94, 95, 102, 103]
Four Swedish and Danish China ships called between 18 and 23 March 1771: the Crown Prince Gustaf and Finland for Gothenburg and the Fredericksburg and King of Denmark for Copenhagen, laden with tea, porcelain and silk. Each was of 1,100 to 1,300 tons with 28 to 30 guns and up to 180 men, and the Council recorded every foreign ship's tonnage, guns and crew. Four ships thought to be Dutch passed on 9 April. [Film No. 106, 112, 117, 136]
Between 17 March and 15 April 1771 the Lord Camden, Kent, Houghton, Latham, Princess Royal, Hawke, Valentine, Royal Captain and Duke of Gloucester arrived from China, the last by the Cape. The Admiral Pocock came from Bombay by the Cape and the Duke of Kingston from Bengal, and most sent a boat ahead to land at Banks's. The Hawke arrived on 8 April. [Film No. 106, 112, 122, 128, 130, 136, 218, 234]
On 16 April 1771, when the Calcutta's 10 lay days under her charter party ran out, Captain William Thomson was ordered to Canton with letters to John Cartier at Fort William, Josias Du Pré at Fort St George, Thomas Hodges at Bombay and the supercargoes at Canton. Its letters of 22 May 1770 by the British King and the Harcourt had been delayed when the British King missed her passage to China, as Canton reported on 20 November 1770, so each letter listed the ships that had called since May 1770. On 18 April Captain Thomas Hindman of the Duke of Richmond was ordered to Fort Marlborough with duplicates and a packet for Richard Wyatt, the President, including the ship's manifest of private trade. Both ships sailed on 25 April. [Film No. 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 207]
The letters of 16 April 1771 asked Bengal for eight maunds of the best wax candles, Madeira, arrack, rice and unhusked rice. Madras was asked for five corge, or 100 pairs, of cotton stockings at about 1 pagoda a pair and 200 pieces of long cloth priced from 12 down to 2½ pagodas, mostly at the cheap end. Bombay was asked for 200 pieces of Surat chelloes with rice, and Canton for 24 piculs of bohea instead of 18, because tea drinking had risen, and 250 cwt of sugar, with sugar candy cut from 140 cwt to 100 cwt. [Film No. 198, 199, 200, 201]
The Europa arrived from Bengal by the Cape on 1 May 1771, her boat landing at Banks's at 1.30 am. The King's ship Endeavour, James Cook's ship returning from his first Pacific voyage, arrived from the Cape the same day. The Swallow sailed for India on 6 May. The Danish Carolina Matilda, Captain Hoffer, of 300 tons with 20 guns and 60 men, called from Bengal for Copenhagen between 21 and 26 May. The Resolution arrived from China on 24 May and sailed on 1 June, and the Bridgewater and Huntingdon from China on 30 May, sailing on 15 June. The Vansittart called from 6 to 9 June, and the Northington and Worcester arrived on 7 and 8 June and left on 18 June. [Film No. 226, 231, 242, 245, 248-249, 255, 256, 264, 268]
Wrangham mustered 10 ships after 30 April 1771 and Purling the Lord Camden, Resolution and Vansittart, finding no deserters. A long run of names on the Royal Captain's roll repeats the Houghton's, the Kent's commander appears as both Millet and Miller and the Europa's as both Hindsley and Pelly, and two images of the minutes of 27 May 1771 are duplicates. [Film No. 211-216, 221-222, 227-228, 243-244, 247, 252]
The Houghton's crew included Nils Larson, Hendrick Jansen, Gerrit Adrian and the lascar John De Rosario, and the Duke of Kingston's the probably Indo-Portuguese Francisco De Rosario and Anthony De Lima. The Europa's fifth mate was George Pelly. The Houghton carried a colonel and his wife, a doctor, women, two boys and six servants, and the Duke of Kingston several girls and Master John Holles travelling without parents. The Admiral Pocock carried private and charter-party passengers, and the Vansittart Major Fitzgerald, other passengers and 21 invalids of the Madras army. [Film No. 215-216, 220, 224-225, 228, 253]
The Harcourt arrived from Bencoolen on 17 June 1771 and the Egmont from Madras on 29 June, and both sailed on 8 July. The rolls of June and July named the commanders Nicholas Skottowe, Peter Pigou, John Sealy, Richard Hall, Charles Mears and Nathaniel Paul. The Northington carried 18 charter-party passengers from Bombay, including a major, a surgeon and an ensign, and the Egmont 22 more. Private passengers included Colonel Lesley and Mrs Peach in the Worcester and Mrs Stratton, the Honourable Mr Stewart and Captain Nixon in the Egmont, while the Harcourt carried several children. Crew names included Antonio Vanhooke, Manuel Defelon and John Juba. Captain Sealy of the Northington sold the Company 318 yards of old canvas at £0 0s 6d a yard. [Film No. 258-262, 275, 280-283, 285, 288, 350, 352, 354]
The Prime arrived from China on 5 August 1771, the Lord Mansfield from Bengal on 7 August and the True Briton from Bombay on 20 August. The Pigot came from England on 26 August with a packet from the Directors and sailed for Bencoolen on 27 September after her 10 working days for unloading. The Duke of Portland arrived from Madras on 13 October. The Prime's roll lists two seamen entered only as Prime and Prince and names Anthony Calvert as commander, but is signed by Captain Anthony Eglinton. [Film No. 373-374, 381, 383-384, 387, 394, 401, 414-415]
Economy, Finance and Currencies
The treasury balance stood unchanged in October and November 1770 at £10,273 9s 0d, of which £9,733 14s 0d was coin, held in canvas bags, and £539 15s 0d cash notes. The December account brought in store sales of £2,265 1s 3d, against £1,773 17s 4d in the quarter ending 30 September, with smaller sums from plantation provisions, licences and £9 9s 2d from an auction of damaged goods. Wrangham drew £4,397 0s 1d on 31 December, £3,896 8s 8d for the pay list (against £3,911 7s 5d the previous quarter) and £500 11s 5d for other charges, leaving £8,204 5s 0d. No bills of exchange or spirits duty had come in since Captain Mooy's bills of September 1770, and nothing moved in January 1771. The cash notes remained at £539 15s 0d throughout the year. [Film No. 10, 19, 43, 74-75, 82, 83, 92]
Store sales for the quarter ending 31 December 1770, approved on 21 January 1771, charged Company servants a 10 per cent advance and planters 25 per cent on cloth, leather and clothing but 10 per cent on food, salt, oil, tar and tools. Servants bought £2,231 0s 8d and planters £34 0s 7d. Indian cotton led the textiles, with 46 pieces of chelloes and long cloth worth £151 14s 4d. Chinese bohea and singlo teas, octagonal Chinese porcelain and Indian cotton stockings were sold beside Hamburg and Tecklenburg canvas, Florence oil, Irish linen, English broadcloth and Prussian blue. Ivory-handled cutlery, gold lace, wig combs and a roasting jack at £3 1s 0d were sold, besides horn-handled sets. [Film No. 27, 28, 30-39]
General expenses for the quarter ending 31 December 1770 came to £122 6s 1d. Candles cost £40 13s 7d for 355 lb, of which the Castle took 180 lb and the Council 120 lb, the smiths burnt 160 bushels of British coal, and men in the stores and the doctor's shop received 97½ gallons of arrack. The hospital drew stores worth £15 10s 1d. General expenses fell to £68 9s 4d in the first quarter of 1771 and rose to £168 15s 10d in the second. That rise came mainly from a Castle service of Chinese porcelain from the Kent, including 40 meat plates, tureens and five dozen cups and saucers, with huckaback for table linen worth £21 9s 0d. The Castle also took six wire rat traps, deals for a bathing tub and green serge for tables. The coopers' shop received howels, a croze and borers and the carpenters' shop planes, chisels and augers, while 80 gallons of arrack went to men in the stores and the doctor's shop. Building repairs cost £3 0s 10d. [Film No. 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 50, 305, 306-310]
On 25 February 1771 the Council issued Purling bills on the Court of Directors for £800 0s 0d payable to John Purling and Captain Henry Bazett bills for £100 0s 0d payable to Mary Bazett, at 90 days' sight. With £0 13s 6d from Gosling's lease fine, the balance on 28 February was £9,104 18s 6d. On 17 March it drew bills of £500 0s 0d for Captain Robert Carr and £220 0s 0d for John Twaits payable to John Pyle. March receipts of £2,375 13s 10½d comprised £1,467 15s 6d of store sales, £720 0s 0d for these bills, £12 10s 0d for licences, £29 3s 4½d of duty on 2,333½ gallons of spirits at £0 0s 3d a gallon and £130 1s 0d from four Company ships for supplies. After the paymaster drew £4,709 5s 8d the balance fell to £6,771 6s 8½d, of which coin was £6,231 11s 8½d. [Film No. 93, 107-108, 195]
Store sales for the first quarter of 1771 came to £1,740 19s 8d to servants, £82 3s 9d to planters and £108 1s 0d to ships, total takings falling to £1,823 8s 5d as salt meat ran low before Carr's cargo. Salt beef and pork sold £560 14s 0d, pork outnumbering beef by 4,102 pieces to 1,505. Bread fell from 499 cwt to 398 cwt as rice rose from 123 cwt to 166 cwt, sugar candy rose by two-thirds and plain sugar fell by almost half. The garrison bought 404 pairs of men's shoes and more than 2,100 fish hooks. Planters paid 25 per cent on most goods and 40 per cent on flour, buying mostly sugar, candy and flour. The ships bought canvas, cordage, pitch, tar, 10 lb of vermilion and 2,776 lb of flour. [Film No. 141-151, 188, 190, 195, 196, 205]
Treasury receipts in April 1771 were only £3 10s 0d from the Calcutta on 22 April and £4 4s 9d from the Duke of Richmond, the 12 homeward ships paying nothing, and the balance on 30 April was £6,779 1s 5½d. In May 11 homeward ships paid just over £200 0s 0d and bills brought £998 6s 8d, raising the balance on 31 May to £7,991 8s 8½d; the account records no payments. [Film No. 239, 264-266]
Bills at 90 days' sight continued through mid-1771. Captain John Lauder paid in £130 0s 0d on 3 May and Corneille £200 0s 0d on 27 May, payable to John Cailland, perhaps the soldier John Caillaud. On 31 May Captain Henry Bazett remitted £402 6s 8d to Richard Bodman and Captain Thomas Poynting £260 0s 0d. On 3 June the Governor remitted £500 0s 0d to Captain Nicholas Skottowe and the planter Richard Bagley £79 0s 0d. About 10 June bills went to Elizabeth Dent for £109 0s 0d and Matthew Bazett for £400 0s 0d. On 17 June the Governor took £165 5s 0d more for Nicholas Skottowe, entered as £168 5s 0d in the cash account. [Film No. 231, 243-244, 246, 248, 258, 263-264, 380, 387]
On 1 July 1771 Wrangham took a bill of £1,000 0s 0d payable to Captain John Cotton of the Hawke, the largest of the year. About 8 July Captain Paul took £650 0s 0d and Captain Eccles Nixon £300 0s 0d, and Purling remitted £131 11s 7d to Jonas Brown and Sons of London. July's bills exceeded £2,150 0s 0d against £85 8s 9d paid by two ships. On 26 August Purling took £450 0s 0d for John Purling and two smaller bills went to Digby Dent for £200 0s 0d and Hugh Jones for £250 0s 0d payable to John Robins. On 7 September Captain Eglinton took £231 0s 0d and Captain Broadley £70 0s 0d. A bill to John Blake appears as £600 0s 0d in the cash accounts and £400 0s 0d in the minutes. [Film No. 278, 286, 363, 380, 387, 391-392, 397]
The treasury received £12,313 6s 7d in June 1771, including £2,348 10s 4d from store sales, £56 18s 10d from the plantation, £12 10s 0d from licences and £187 19s 1½d of duty on 15,036½ gallons of spirits. After the quarter's payments of £5,393 17s 1½d the balance stood at £6,919 9s 5½d. It reached £9,165 1s 9½d on 31 July and £10,578 17s 4½d on 29 August, the first time above £10,000 0s 0d since November 1770. [Film No. 329, 336, 360, 362-364, 380, 397-398]
Second-quarter store sales to servants reached £2,173 1s 10d. Salt beef and pork sold £616 2s 0d and bread £441 6s 4d, rice fell to 69 cwt and candles more than doubled to 652 lb. Congou tea appeared at three times the price of bohea, and cream-coloured and red Staffordshire earthenware teapots sold beside Kent porcelain that included 11 full sets of octagonal china. Shoes worth £165 6s 10d included 53 pairs for women and 54 for children. Planters paid 25 per cent on cloth and small goods and 40 per cent on sugar, tea, candles, soap and broadcloth, spending £175 8s 6d and buying 45 yards of coloured bunting. The ships spent £414 2s 10d on 32 barrels of pitch and tar, 145 gallons of linseed oil, 2,163 lb of cordage, 2,635 lb of flour and 20 tierces of salt beef and pork costing £142 10s 0d. [Film No. 288-304]
Bengal invoices used the current rupee of 16 annas, each of 12 pice, the bazaar maund of about 82 lb or the factory maund, and the leaguer of roughly 150 gallons. They charged dustoory, the Indian agents' customary commission, with porters, packers, peons, gurrah cloth, mango-wood chests and boat hire down the Hooghly. Bombay used the rupee of 4 quarters, each of 100 reas, weighed rice by the Surat maund of a little under 40 lb, measured batty in paras and morahs and charged lascar hire. Canton reckoned in taels of 10 mace, each of 10 candareens, each of 10 cash, and weighed by the picul of about 133⅓ lb. Madras used the gold pagoda of 36 fanams, each of 80 cash, counted cloth by the corge of 20 pieces and measured grain by the garce. [Film No. 85, 98, 123-125, 128-129, 132, 226, 242, 249-252]
On 20 May 1771 the Council found that the Prince of Wales's Bengal invoice had charged 640 rupees for 10 bags of sugar at 32 rupees a bag, applying the rate per bag to each of 20 maunds. It overrode the sub-accountant's signed figure and entered 320 rupees, the price of the same consignment in the Houghton and Duke of Kingston. [Film No. 238]
The accounts contain clerical slips. A total was carried forward as £46 15s 5d and brought over as £46 13s 5d in December 1770, and pay-list pages bring forward £1,332 5s 5½d against £1,332 15s 5½d carried, with another difference of £0 1s 0d. In March 1771 the paymaster's receipt appears as £4,704 5s 8d on its first page and £4,709 5s 8d thereafter, and two pay-list totals differ by £0 0s 6d and £0 4s 0d. In June 1771 the planters' account carried £134 6s 4d forward but brought £154 6s 4d over, the servants' account shows a slip of £2 0s 0d, and two pages of the Fourth Company's pay list were copied twice with one name differing. Every officer signed with a reservation for errors. [Film No. 16, 40, 41, 55, 58-60, 69-70, 73, 169, 170, 182, 183, 186, 187, 194, 298-302, 337-345]
The coins recovered from the robbery in June 1771 included Madras pagodas valued at £0 8s 0d, Venetian gold sequins at £0 10s 0d and gold rupees at £1 10s 0d, with a few dollars and silver rupees. A notice of 30 September 1771, after the Pigot sailed, declared that base halfpence, some unstamped and some with a stamp thought to come from Birmingham, would not be taken at the stores and were not to be passed. [Film No. 270, 275-276, 405-406]
Judiciary, Crime and Punishment
In October 1770 the clerk of arraignments received £0 12s 6d in fees at a court of justice, and the clerk of the peace £0 5s 2d for a bill of indictment, swearing two witnesses and discharging a prisoner named Wills. John Congreve, the judge advocate, managed prosecutions before courts martial, and John Price was marshal and gaoler. Tatton Jacks, a private discharged on 8 October 1770, was put in the pillory, and when the clerk's and gaoler's fees exceeded his remaining pay the Company paid £0 3s 6d. Jacks and Patrick Rowland were kept at £0 0s 6d a day for 119 days until they joined the Prince of Wales as seamen. The stores issued stock locks and plate iron for the gaol and a lock, key and cordage for the black guard. [Film No. 40, 47, 57-58, 67, 76, 185, 190]
James Hogg drowned on 18 November 1770 according to the minutes, though his pay ran to 16 November. The minutes called him carpenter's mate, but the soldier John Glynny, petitioning on 26 November, called him a fellow soldier. Glynny knew Hogg's two brothers and sister in Aberdeen and believed an inheritance of £400 or £500 was about to pass to him, and he asked that no administration be granted until the family replied. The Council ordered Hogg's goods sold and the proceeds, with his earnings, lodged in the treasury, and told Glynny the sum so that he could write. [Film No. 9, 13, 14, 57, 63]
On 3 December 1770 the widow and executrix of John Desfountain senior, perhaps Elizabeth Desfountain, presented an inventory valued by Matthew Bazett, William Wrangham and Richard Bagley. The appraisers swore to their values and the widow to its completeness, and the Council ordered it registered. The executors of Isaac Knipe did the same on 14 January 1771, a meeting that also noted the death of the widow Elizabeth Willoughby on 12 January. [Film No. 15, 24]
On the night of 12 March 1771 thieves broke through the wall of the Company's stores while the Castle guard slept and took £355 12s 11¼d of the storekeeper's takings in several kinds of coin. Corneille, as magistrate, locked the guard in separate cells, questioned each man and had their chests searched, and Tippet searched the Mount, the East Half Bastion and the wall without result. On 16 March the Council offered a £40 0s 0d reward for information. The slaves' houses in the Fort Garden and the valley were also searched. Courts martial sat from 13 to 23 March. John Hill, corporal of the guard, was reduced to private on 13 March and flogged for neglect and disobedience, Timothy Walters replacing him on 15 March. The second corporal, Charles Holloway, was reduced on 23 March and replaced by Richard Grosvenor the next day. William Medcalf, a sentry who slept through his turn, was flogged but kept full pay. [Film No. 83, 105, 113-114, 119, 169, 172, 173, 178, 183, 196]
On 18 March 1771 the Council examined an arrack fraud. Thomas Yates, gunner, clerk of the church and agent issuing the Society's arrack to the publicans, found a cask bought from Captain Carr about 8 gallons short of the figure recorded by John Drawwater, the Company's cooper, and a second about 10 gallons short. James Powell re-gauged one leaguer at 145 gallons against Drawwater's 157½ and saw the cooper hold his brush against the cask to falsify the reading. Captain Henry Bazett and Wrangham found the two leaguers sold by Smith, chief mate of the Earl of Middlesex, 21 gallons short and Carr's eight leaguers 44 gallons short. Smith accepted the full deduction, but Carr conceded only 26 gallons. Drawwater admitted writing down what he expected each cask to hold instead of using the rod. Britannicus Wright, the collector of customs, had never checked the cooper, since the Council's orders left gauging to him. Purling concluded that false gauging had run through 1770, when 660 gallons of arrack worth over £110 0s 0d were written off although the casks showed no leaks. Tippet called Drawwater idle, disobedient and neglectful, and the Council knew that he kept a disorderly house. It dismissed him, stopping his pay that day, and ordered him off the island, while Carr and Smith faced no sanction. [Film No. 108-111, 168, 183]
On 25 March 1771 the Governor laid a minute urging pursuit of the thieves, and statements showed the bastion overlooking the stores unguarded from about midnight until 4 o'clock. Medcalf and Morgan slept through their turns, Morgan having been locked out of the Castle. Robinson claimed to have stood sentry until 4 o'clock, but Ainsworth saw him lie down about midnight. Hill said he had posted Medcalf at midnight, but Medcalf swore he never went on duty. Hill and Holloway had agreed that only one of them would stay awake each night, and Hill, whose night it was, lay down after midnight. Hill was offered remission of the rest of his sentence, the protection of the law and the reward to turn King's evidence. Both denied any part, and the Council placed Holloway in Robinson's cell to draw him out. Purling wrote on 26 March that it was the most daring crime of its kind ever committed on the island. [Film No. 113-117]
On 27 March 1771 the Council examined a stocking tied round the crowbar used to break the wall. Thomas Yates identified it by his initials as one he had given to Joseph Branston, a drummer, with garters matching the piece on the bar. Sukey, a black woman who washed for both men, identified Branston's private mark on it and on all his linen. Branston volunteered that his real name was Alexander Stewart and that his recruiting sergeant in London had told him to enlist under another name. He denied marking the stockings and then fetched a marked pair. He claimed to wear no garters, but William Roberts, the town adjutant, swore that he had shown one matching garter at his first examination, with string holding up the other stocking. Branston finally said that this garter had been lost at Banks's guard when he fell and hurt his leg fetching the officers' dinner. Corneille, having examined the guard, did not sit that day; he had been absent on 18 March conducting an examination. [Film No. 106, 117-121, 135]
Branston's chest held no money. The Council judged his contradictions a "violent suspicion" and committed him to gaol for further examination. On 1 April it questioned him again, found nothing new and released him with his pay intact, urging him to help uncover the truth. On 15 April it judged that James Powell had not been negligent and wrote the loss off to profit and loss. [Film No. 121-122, 127, 174, 190, 196]
On 28 March 1771 the clerk of the peace and the crier of the court were paid, with fees for taking two informations. On 8 April the Council decided how to try William Kingscot and Thomas Hart, privates of the Second Company, for counterfeiting rupees. It had sent an account of the case to England without reply. Reasoning that forging rupees, not being English money, could not be a capital crime and that a civil jury might acquit, it sent them before a general court martial on Thursday 11 April. Both drew full pay to 30 June, and the record gives no verdict. Holloway also remained a private on full pay. [Film No. 132, 174, 190, 196, 335, 336]
On 20 June 1771 Tippet told Corneille that Andrew Pidcock, a matross, had gone into the country against orders after Mary, a slave girl of Jonathan Doveton, who told her master that Pidcock had given her five Venetians and nine rupees. Tippet found three Venetians, two dollars, two rupees and some halfpence in Pidcock's purse. Pidcock refused to give up the key of his chest, claiming he had given it to a black man, and the chest held nothing when broken open. Tippet added that Pidcock, who had owned little, had lately spent freely and was now well supplied with linen. [Film No. 268]
On 22 June 1771 Mary testified that Pidcock had given her three Venetians, six dollars, two rupees, two shillings and some halfpence on the Tuesday before, which she returned that day, and four Venetians earlier, which she spent. He had bought and quickly resold a silver watch, silver buckles, a chest of tea, a gold ring and Indian cloth. Asked about the robbery, he said it would be the last thing he ever did. She declared that he had had no money before the stores were broken open and never lacked it after. [Film No. 269]
Once Purling had separated them to question Mary alone, Pidcock confessed to the marshal and the Council that he had robbed the stores with Stephen Smithson, another matross, hiding the money near the West Rocks. Lieutenant Steward, the town adjutant William Roberts and the marshal recovered two parcels, £85 0s 0d of Pidcock's and £80 12s 0d of Smithson's, with £2 4s 10d more found on Pidcock, totalling £167 16s 10d. Both were sent for trial at the next quarterly court and drew full pay to 30 June. The Company fitted out the apparitor of the court with a fine hat, blue serge and trimmings for a coat and paid £1 0s 0d for the crier's coat. James Greentree received £12 0s 0d for his expenses as Sheriff in 1771, chiefly for bailiffs. [Film No. 270, 309, 310, 347, 350, 352]
On 12 August 1771 the Council judged that no more of the stolen money would be found. It credited £170 10s 4d to profit and loss, comprising Pidcock's £85 0s 0d and £2 4s 10d, £2 13s 6d from the auction of his belongings and Smithson's £80 12s 0d, leaving the Company a net loss of about £185 0s 0d. [Film No. 376, 397]
Patrick Elliott, a sick charter-party passenger left by the Northington, died on 22 June 1771. John Price, the marshal, sold his belongings, including 12 books sold for £0 7s 6d, and found £24 14s 0d in cash, a total of £29 4s 4d. Debts of £10 16s 9d were paid, mostly to fellow soldiers and to the publicans Price and George Bird, and the balance of £18 7s 7d went into the treasury, charged to the London account for his heirs. [Film No. 261, 271-272]
Mary Burnham made her mark on her will on 4 May 1771 and died on 9 May, and the Council proved it on 20 May on the witnesses' oaths. She divided her estate equally among six children, John and Thomas Burnham, Sarah Whitchurch, Martha Jacks, Margaret Goudy and Mary Burnham, with £20 0s 0d more to Sarah, although the first page names only two children. Each of seven grandchildren received £10 0s 0d at marriage or majority and a silver teaspoon. Everything except her house in James's Valley was to be sold. Her son-in-law John Whitchurch and her friends Thomas Leech and Elisha Jacks were executors. The witnesses were Philip Mahoney, the clerk of the peace, James Pickett, an artillery sergeant, and James Pritchard, probably the tailor rather than the surgeon's mate, who was named John. [Film No. 236-237, 243, 255]
On 22 July 1771 the Council proved the will of the private William Birch, who had made his mark on 11 June leaving everything to a fellow soldier, William Brooks, as sole executor; Andrew Pidcock had witnessed it with his mark. [Film No. 366]
On 22 July 1771 Tippet charged John Robins, the armourer, with raising a hammer at him when reprimanded at the magazine; Tippet admitted caning him first, and Robins said he raised the hammer only after the blow. Without witnesses, the Council took Tippet's word, cited Robins's quarrelsome temper and dismissed him. Robins had given notice on 15 July that he would leave when his contract expired in April 1772, and the Council had resolved to seek a better armourer from the ships. [Film No. 365, 369]
The Council heard further evidence on 29 July 1771. Robert Nichols, a matross, swore that Tippet shoved Robins into the shop and struck him, and that the hammer was raised only after the blow. Sergeant Henry Howell said Nichols had told Robins privately that Tippet struck first and that the hammer was raised in self-defence. Philip Conway saw the hammer up as the cane fell and Robins pushing Tippet off. Tippet tried to show that Nichols had not been on the Parade, but James Procter said Nichols had told him of the blow within the hour. The Council found that Tippet had acted rashly and that no threat before the blow was proved, and it restored Robins, who refused to serve under Tippet again. [Film No. 370-372]
Social Order
Ten inhabitants, among them Henry Bazett, the paymaster William Wrangham and three Bagleys, wrote to the Governor and Council on 12 November 1770 about dogs killing goats and sheep, whose owners had answered warnings with contempt, and asked for regulations. The Council told the Sheriff to call a meeting of inhabitants and report proposals the following Monday. [Film No. 8, 9]
The meeting of 19 November 1770, whose proposals Greentree signed as Sheriff, agreed unanimously that landholders could keep two dogs for up to 50 acres, rising to five for 200 acres or more. A valley householder with a house worth £200 0s 0d or more could keep one, as could a Company gentleman without property, but no propertyless soldier and no black could keep any. Any black or other person could report a straying dog to the Sheriff, and the owner of a dog found 1 mile from home or chasing stock would have to kill it; the fine was left blank. The Council rejected the scheme the same day, judging that it would increase the problem, resolved to enforce its order of 1765 strictly and told the Sheriff to order the destruction of any dog complained of for killing sheep or goats. [Film No. 11, 12, 57-58]
The pensioners in the quarter ending 31 December 1770 were Nathan Campbell and Michael Frost, at £13 15s 11d each, Mary Beale and Elizabeth Bennet, at £7 10s 0d each, and John Lemon, at £3 8s 3d. The five drew £46 0s 1d in the first quarter of 1771 and £42 11s 10d in the second, when Elizabeth Kennedy replaced Elizabeth Bennet and Lemon's pension ran to 17 June, when he left among the invalids in the Worcester. [Film No. 74, 185, 190, 348, 354]
The hospital drew stores worth £16 9s 4d in the first quarter of 1771, including 60 yards of canvas for cots and kersey. In the second quarter it drew £26 15s 3d, including 96 panes of glass, 50 china sneakers and new bowls, platters and lamps; it had been entered in the books as a Company asset in October 1770. The garrison received a pall of black broadcloth for military funerals. [Film No. 156, 161, 175, 182, 185, 320, 321]
The Europa's crew had caught measles at the Cape, a disease never yet seen on the island. An order of 1 May forbade Captain Pelly to land any of the sick or have their linen washed ashore, and since his ship needed little water a second order sent her away with the convoy. Pelly replied on 2 May that he could not be ready before 5 May, but the Europa sailed on 4 May. [Film No. 229-231]
The private Francis Jackson died on 30 January 1771, the matross Thomas Matthews on 21 March and the private John Totterdale on 24 March. Mary, wife of the planter Thomas Bonham, died on 14 March, Rebecca, daughter of the publican Roderick Merchant, on 26 March and William Jarvis, an inhabitant, on 28 March. Joseph Chamberlain, a carpenter, lost his wife Ann on 27 March and his daughter Ann on 11 April, and the private James Ashley died on 22 April. [Film No. 84, 102, 112, 117, 122, 136, 156, 161, 175, 182, 185, 204]
William, son of the publican John Price, died on 29 April 1771 and the private William Cuff on 1 May. Elizabeth, wife of the planter Benjamin Mason, died on 10 May and the private William Henderson on 12 May (11 May in the pay list). The matross John Tanner died on 20 May, seven weeks after enlisting, and Charlotte, daughter of the planter William Young, on 29 May. Four other soldiers died within three weeks. [Film No. 207, 226, 233, 236, 245, 330, 331, 345, 346, 352]
The matross Robert Bryan (Robert Boyer in the pay list) died on 13 June 1771 and the private John Pitt on 14 June. John Hill, the corporal broken after the robbery, died on 17 June. Margaret, daughter of the planter George Alexander, died on 29 June and Ann, wife of the factor John Goodwin, on 10 July. The stores sold six coffins of imported deal in the quarter ending 30 June, and the burial ground was enlarged at a cost of £19 9s 6d. [Film No. 264, 275, 279, 288, 296, 330, 331, 352, 358]
The private William Birch died on 20 July 1771 and Elizabeth, the Governor's daughter, on 2 August. William Seale junior, overseer of the South Division, died on 14 August, and George Alexander lost his son Caesar Augustus on 20 August. Elizabeth, wife of Sergeant Henry Howell, died on 21 September, and at least eight soldiers and matrosses died between 20 August and 28 September. John Price was paid both as sexton for soldiers' graves and as marshal for punishments. [Film No. 358, 366, 373-374, 378, 381, 388, 390, 396, 399, 401]
Slavery and Coerced Labour
Corneille's plantation account for the quarter ending 31 December 1770 listed the Company's slaves in the same return as its cattle and poultry, recording the birth of a boy, James Plato, and the deaths of two women, Olive and Massey. The plantation issued 54,950 lb of yams to the slaves, more than three times the quantity fed to livestock. [Film No. 25]
Stores issued to the slaves in that quarter cost £396 6s 2d, against the garrison's £84 11s 8d: rice £92 15s 4d, salt beef and pork £124 8s 7d and 328 gallons of arrack £54 13s 4d. Shoes went only to the artificers, 51 pairs, and the women, 15 pairs. Long cloth was issued for women in childbirth, and oil, pepper, salt and flour for the sick. [Film No. 46, 47]
In the quarter ending 31 December 1770 John Bowler, a private, received £0 12s 6d for capturing a black woman gone about a fortnight, and Munday and Limbo, two Company slaves, £0 5s 0d each for capturing two runaways. William Munford, a private, received £1 5s 0d on 28 January 1771 for a woman gone more than a fortnight, and Peter, entered without a surname, the same on 11 February, with another captor paid on 11 March. On 16 April Munday received £1 5s 0d for a runaway gone more than a fortnight, and Munford was paid the same sum again. [Film No. 57, 69, 76, 78, 180, 186, 188, 312, 350]
In the first quarter of 1771 the slaves' yams fell to 3,170 lb, while their rice rose from 173 cwt to more than 212 cwt, worth £123 5s 10d, and their salt beef and pork came to £334 12s 5d. A girl named Sue was born. The stores issued to them totalled £483 8s 11d, including shoes for 50 men and 11 women and long cloth for childbirth. The account listed 12 fishing lines "for punishing slaves", made into whips, and the garrison drew 16 more lines for whips. Slaves catching turtle received a dram of arrack, slaves slaughtering cattle received arrack, and a lock was bought for the slaves' guard. [Film No. 114, 133, 157, 158, 160]
In the quarter ending 30 June 1771 a girl whose name is lost was born, and a man named Caesar and the girl Sue died. One man was received from the Harcourt, probably Jack, whom Fort Marlborough had sent as a warning to others for being troublesome there. The slaves' yams rose to 42,435 lb and their rice fell to 18,555 lb, about 165 cwt. The stores issued to them came to £718 0s 10d, including salt beef and pork at £303 10s 0d. The men received slops bought ready-made in London, 163 blue duffle jackets, 326 checked shirts, 149 pairs of linen drawers and 174 Dutch caps, worth £173 7s 4d. The women and children received 64 pieces of Indian chelloes and kersey, and shoes went to 74 men and 30 women. The garrison stores issued 12 more fishing lines for whips. [Film No. 273, 284, 312, 314, 315]
The Governor's servants received 33 yards of green serge, scarlet serge and shalloon, worsted lace, buttons, fine shoes and pumps in the quarter ending 30 June 1771. A coffin for a slave from the Hill was charged to general expenses. [Film No. 309, 314]
In the quarter ending 30 September 1771 the slaves received 40,180 lb of yams, and a child named Frank was born. On 9 September the Council told Fort Marlborough that it had entered Jack in the Company's books. On 7 September it refused Tippet idle ground once set aside for the slaves, because the Company had bought it for £100 0s 0d and meant it for warehouses. [Film No. 387, 390-391, 395, 416]
The Malays' separate store account came to £17 2s 9d in the quarter ending 31 December 1770, supplying rice, salt beef, arrack, tea of two grades, candles, Florence oil, starch and sugar candy. Nuquada, Pocalun and Masfanger received £6 11s 0d for salt meat and house rent. The Malays' stores came to £14 16s 1d in the first quarter of 1771, adding china, ivory combs and fishing tackle, and to £16 5s 11d in the second, including seven pairs of fine shoes, a pair of pumps, pewter and coffee. The June accounts paid the £6 11s 0d to "Nakhoda Pocalun and Masfanger", nakhoda being the Malay title of a ship's master. [Film No. 47, 48, 78, 159, 190, 315, 316, 354]
A letter from Fort Marlborough dated 5 March 1771, probably brought by the Harcourt and laid before the Council on 24 June, saw no danger in the return of Nakhoda Pocalun. It gave him leave to go home in its store ship or any other vessel. Pocalun had petitioned the Court of Directors, so the Council sought the Company's instructions. On 9 September it wrote to Richard Wyatt that it could not free him despite Bencoolen's consent, since the Directors had repeatedly ordered him held, and that it expected their answer the following year; this letter dates Fort Marlborough's letter 3 March. [Film No. 264, 273, 395]
Servants recorded by a single name travelled in the ships of May and June 1771. The children in the Duke of Kingston travelled with Mutea, Josca, Jack, Mary, Phillis, Salisbury and others, only Thomas Ewick having a surname; the status of such servants in England remained uncertain until Lord Mansfield's judgment in the case of James Somerset in 1772. Richard Beecher's household in the Europa had eight servants, among them Pompey, Somerset and Mars, and the Vansittart's chief mate had a servant called Telemachus. Mrs Stratton of the Egmont travelled with a "black boy", and the Prime carried an unnamed black servant. [Film No. 225, 228, 253, 281, 384]
Religion and Education
The chaplain received 30 lb of candles each quarter and, in the quarter ending 31 December 1770, a piece of fine long cloth. That quarter the stores sold two large Bibles, three Books of Common Prayer and a hornbook. John Congreve drew £22 10s 0d a quarter as judge advocate and schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d of it as master of the parish school whose site the Council had cleared in 1770. The clerk of the church, Thomas Yates, received £5 0s 0d. [Film No. 33, 41, 57-58, 168, 190]
In the first quarter of 1771 the stores issued a pair of hinges for the church and sold one small Bible. In the second they sold two Books of Common Prayer and issued white lead to paint the churchyard, which was enlarged, walled and locked with iron, a stock lock and screws from the stores. [Film No. 126, 146, 151-152, 272, 279, 291, 305, 308]
Personalities
In the quarter ending 31 December 1770 Corneille's household drew iron wheel hoops from the artillery stores, probably for his carriage at Longwood, cart wheels, two wheelbarrows and tackle for his fishermen from Company stores, as did the Governor's fishermen. [Film No. 17, 42, 44, 55]
Benjamin Torin, a Canton supercargo, travelled home with his servant in the Hawke. Richard Beecher, travelling in the Europa with his wife, daughter and household, was probably Richard Becher of the Bengal Council, Resident at Murshidabad during the famine of 1769 and 1770. Nathaniel Dance, third mate of the Lord Camden on a roll entered on 30 April 1771, was perhaps the commodore who beat off a French squadron off Pulo Aura in 1804. [Film No. 211, 218, 228, 231]
Adam Evans, a private, received £1 6s 0d in the first quarter of 1771 for stuffing and repairing the Governor's saddles and £0 10s 6d in the second for mending his saddlery. On 7 September 1771 Tippet claimed coals and candles like engineers elsewhere, noting that his post carried no perquisites, and asked for land. The Council minuted that it agreed to both requests, then referred the allowance to the Directors and refused the land. [Film No. 166, 170, 184, 186, 350, 352, 354, 390-391]
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| EAP 1364 St Helena Document Name and Date St. HELENA RECORDS 1770 - 1771 Photographer PETER Date photographed 24 JAN 2022 Additional comments | ||
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1 | Island St. Helena At a Consultation held on Monday the 12th day of November 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 5th of November 1770. The Expence of Artillery Stores & Stewards Accounts for the Month of October last were this day laid before us which have been examined, approved of and are as follow vizt. Artillery Stores Expended in October 1770 Guns fired, 32 lbs, 24 lbs, 18 lbs, 12 lbs, 9 lbs, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, Powder Expended lb., Powder Expended oz 25th Guns fired to celebrate his Majestys Accession to the Throne: Guns fired 21, 32 lbs 19, 24 lbs 1, 18 lbs 0, 12 lbs 0, 9 lbs 1, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 209, Powder Expended oz 0 Guns Scaled at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 13, 32 lbs 2, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 11, 12 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 61, Powder Expended oz 0 do. do. at Mundens Point: Guns fired 16, 32 lbs 1, 24 lbs 13, 18 lbs 0, 12 lbs 0, 9 lbs 2, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 120, Powder Expended oz 0 do. do. at Ruperts: Guns fired 22, 32 lbs 5, 24 lbs 1, 18 lbs 0, 12 lbs 4, 9 lbs 12, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 115, Powder Expended oz 0 do. do. at Sandy Bay: Guns fired 11, 32 lbs 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 12 lbs 0, 9 lbs 5, 6 lbs 4, 4 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 26, Powder Expended oz 0 do. do. at Lemon Valley: Guns fired 6, 32 lbs 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 12 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 6, 4 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 12, Powder Expended oz 0 do. do. at Turks Cap: Guns fired 6, 32 lbs 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 12 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 6, Powder Expended lb. 8, Powder Expended oz 0 do. do. on the Parade: Guns fired 2, 32 lbs 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 12 lbs 0, 9 lbs 1, 6 lbs 1, 4 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 5, Powder Expended oz 0 Powder for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 32 lbs 0, 24 lbs 0, 18 lbs 0, 12 lbs 0, 9 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 385, Powder Expended oz 11 Total: Guns fired 97, 32 lbs 27, 24 lbs 15, 18 lbs 11, 12 lbs 4, 9 lbs 21, 6 lbs 11, 4 lbs 8, Powder Expended lb. 942, Powder Expended oz 11 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 12 November 1770. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 5 November 1770. The Council examined and approved the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for October 1770. The artillery stores were used as follows. Salute on 25 October for the anniversary of the King's accession: 21 guns fired, made up of 19 32-pounders, 1 24-pounder and 1 9-pounder, 209 lb of powder Guns scaled at Banks's Battery: 13 guns fired, made up of 2 32-pounders and 11 18-pounders, 61 lb of powder Guns scaled at Munden's Point: 16 guns fired, made up of 1 32-pounder, 13 24-pounders and 2 9-pounders, 120 lb of powder Guns scaled at Rupert's: 22 guns fired, made up of 5 32-pounders, 1 24-pounder, 4 12-pounders and 12 9-pounders, 115 lb of powder Guns scaled at Sandy Bay: 11 guns fired, made up of 5 9-pounders, 4 6-pounders and 2 4-pounders, 26 lb of powder Guns scaled at Lemon Valley: 6 guns fired, all 6-pounders, 12 lb of powder Guns scaled at Turk's Cap: 6 guns fired, all 4-pounders, 8 lb of powder Guns scaled on the Parade: 2 guns fired, made up of 1 9-pounder and 1 6-pounder, 5 lb of powder Powder for various other services, 385 lb 11 oz Total: 97 guns fired, made up of 27 32-pounders, 15 24-pounders, 11 18-pounders, 4 12-pounders, 21 9-pounders, 11 6-pounders and 8 4-pounders, 942 lb 11 oz of powder Interpretations Scaling meant firing a gun with a small charge of powder and no shot. It burnt off rust and damp from the bore and showed whether the piece was still sound. The amounts recorded matched that purpose. At Turk's Cap 6 small guns used only 8 lb between them, while a full salute charge in a 32-pounder took close to 10 lb. Each battery scaled its guns in turn, from the large pieces guarding James's Valley to the light guns covering the landing places at Sandy Bay and Turk's Cap. This routine was how the garrison kept its guns ready to fire in a damp climate that rusted iron quickly. The salute on 25 October marked the anniversary of George III's accession and alone used more than one-fifth of the month's powder. The remaining 385 lb 11 oz went on unspecified duties. This was a large quantity to leave without detail at a time when every pound had to be shipped from England. | |
2 | 13th November lb. oz Lead Ball to shoot Goats 8 1 Tallow for Boats &c. 28 Copper Clouts for Carriages 8 10 Match 4 Paper for Cartridges &c. Quire 3½ Tompions No. 1 Handspikes 5 (signed) James Tippet Capt. of Artillery Sundrys expended at the Honble. Company's Table in October 1770 vizt. 42 Bottles Madeira £ 4 4 30 do. Port 2 8 63 do. Lisbon 4 14 6 15 do. Mountain 1 2 6 41 do. Beer 7 6¼ 37¼ G. Arrack 5 11 9 212¼ Beef 4 8 5¼ 230 Mutton 4 15 10 1 Turkey 5 35 Fowls 2 12 6 12 Ducks 18 2 Geese 10 23½ Butter 1 3 6 103 Candy 2 11 6 534 Flour 5 1½ 5 Lambs 2 10 6 Pigs 1 10 £ 44 13 2 | The artillery stores used in October 1770 also included the following items. Lead ball for shooting goats, 8 lb 1 oz Tallow for boats and other uses, 28 lb 0 oz Copper clouts for gun carriages, 8 lb 10 oz Slow match, 4 lb 0 oz Paper for cartridges and other uses, 3 lb 7 oz Tompions, 1 Handspikes, 5 James Sippet signed the account as captain of artillery. The provisions used at the Company's table in October 1770 were as follows. Madeira, 42 bottles, £4 4s 0d Port, 30 bottles, £2 8s 0d Lisbon wine, 63 bottles, £4 14s 6d Mountain wine, 15 bottles, £1 2s 6d Beer, 41 bottles, £0 7s 6½d Arrack, 37¼ gallons, £5 11s 9d Beef, 212 lb, £4 8s 5½d Mutton, 230 lb, £4 15s 10d Turkey, 1, £0 5s 0d Fowls, 35, £2 12s 6d Ducks, 12, £0 18s 0d Geese, 2, £0 10s 0d Butter, 23 lb, £1 3s 6d Sugar candy, 103 lb, £2 11s 6d Flour, 53¼ lb, £0 5s 1½d Lambs, 5, £2 10s 0d Pigs, 6, £1 10s 0d Total, £44 13s 2d Interpretations Lead ball issued from the artillery stores to shoot goats showed the garrison acting against the island's feral herds. Goats ran wild across the uplands and stripped the young trees and pasture the Company was trying to protect. Using the gunners' shot made culling them a public duty paid for by the Company rather than a private sport. The artillery items were small but essential. Copper clouts were thin plates nailed onto the axletrees of gun carriages, where the wheels rubbed, to save the wood from wear. Slow match was cord soaked in saltpetre that smouldered steadily and was used to fire the guns. Tompions were wooden plugs fitted into the muzzles to keep rain and sea spray out of the bores. Handspikes were wooden levers used to train and traverse a heavy gun. The Company's table was the public table kept at the Castle, where the Governor entertained members of the Council, officers and visiting commanders at Company expense. Lisbon wine was a white wine from the Portuguese capital. Mountain was a sweet wine from the hills around Malaga in Spain. Both reached the island on homeward-bound ships along with the Madeira and port. Arrack was the largest single charge, probably served as punch, the usual drink at such tables. Lamb, pork and poultry were raised on the island itself. Flour and wine had to be imported. | |
3 | 1770 The Lieutenant Governor reports that he has viewed the piece of Land Petitioned for by Samuel Knipe in August last that the said Land is very Barren and partly Rocky and is of opinion that is not worth above one Shilling pr. Acre. We agreed to let the said Land at the above Price. We this day received the following Letter from several of the Inhabitants To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council Gentlemen We are under the Necessity of laying before you, the great damages we and the Inhabitants in general receive from the destruction made by Dogs in the several Flocks of Goats & Sheep in this Island, several instances have been lately made to the owners of such dogs which has been only treated with Contempt and Neglect and the great number of useless dogs which are increasing in the Island is a Circumstance, we apprehend must be of prejudice, therefore beg leave to lay the same before your Worship & Council for your consideration, and conclude as some regulations respecting dogs will be of the greatest Utility to the Inhabitants in general. We are Worshipful Sir & Sirs Your most Obedt. & most humble Servants (signed) Novr. 12th 1770 Henry Bazett Willm. Wrangham James Greentree Richd. Bagley Gabl. A. Harper Saml. Alexander John Bagley John Alexander Richd. Beale Orl. Bagley | The Lieutenant Governor reported on the land Samuel Knipe had petitioned for in August. He found it very barren and partly rocky, and judged it worth no more than one shilling an acre. The Council agreed to let the land to Knipe at that rent. Several inhabitants wrote to Governor Skottowe and the Council the same day. They felt obliged to report the heavy losses they and the islanders in general were suffering from dogs that attacked flocks of goats and sheep across the island. Several owners had recently been told of the harm their dogs were doing. Each complaint had met only with contempt and indifference. The writers also noted that the number of useless dogs on the island was growing, which they expected to cause serious harm. They placed the matter before the Governor and Council and suggested that rules on the keeping of dogs would greatly benefit the inhabitants. The letter was dated 12 November 1770 and signed by the following. Henry Bazett William Wrangham James Gettenbee Richard Bagley Gabriel A. Harper Samuel Alexander John Bagley John Alexander Richard Beale Orlando Bagley Interpretations The dog letter showed the limits of private remedy in a small settlement. The planters had already tried the obvious course of approaching the owners directly, and had been brushed aside. Without a regulation, a farmer whose sheep were killed had no quick recourse except a lawsuit against a neighbour. That remedy was costly and uncertain, and the culprit dog was often hard to identify. Turning to the Governor and Council asked them to act as the island's lawmakers and to impose a general rule on every householder. Three Bagleys signed, and so did Richard Bagley's neighbour John Seale's fellow landowners at Sandy Bay. The signatories therefore spoke for the established planting families whose flocks grazed the open uplands. The paymaster William Wrangham and the Bazett family added official weight. Knipe's rent showed what the Council's inspections were for. As with John Seale's 2 acres, ordered to be viewed on 5 November 1770, the Lieutenant Governor went to see the ground before any terms were fixed. His report tied the rent to the quality of the land, so that barren rock was not let at the rate charged for good pasture. | |
4 | 12th November In consequence of the above Letter we directed the Sheriff to summons a meeting of the Inhabitants in order to consider on ways and means for the better securing their property against the evils complained of and lay the same before Us on Monday next. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 19th day of November 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr. Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 12th November 1770 Yesterday James Hogg Carpenters Mate was Drowned by Accident Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of October last which is as follows | In response to the inhabitants' letter, the Council told the Sheriff to call a meeting of the islanders. They were to work out how property could be better protected against the harm described. The Sheriff was to bring their proposals to the Council the following Monday. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 19 November 1770. The Governor presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 12 November 1770. James Hogg, a carpenter's mate, had drowned in an accident the day before, 18 November 1770. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for October 1770. Interpretations The planters had asked for regulations, and the Council had the authority to issue an order on dogs at once. It chose instead to send the problem back to the inhabitants through the Sheriff, with a week to propose their own measures. The letter itself explains why. The owners of the offending dogs had already met private complaints with contempt. A rule framed by a general meeting of householders carried their consent, and that made it harder for them to defy than an order handed down from the Castle. It also spared the Council from designing a measure, whether a tax on dogs, a limit on numbers or a licence to destroy strays, that might set one group of islanders against another. | |
5 | Cash Dr. 1770 Oct. 1st To Balance remaining £ 10273 9 £ 10273 9 Per Contra Cr. 1770 Oct. 31st By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 9733 14 In Cash Notes 539 15 10273 9 £ 10273 9 Margin Notes: 19th November | The Company's cash did not change in October 1770. The balance at the end of the month matched the balance at the start. Money received Balance remaining on 1 October 1770, £10,273 9s 0d Total, £10,273 9s 0d Money paid out Balance remaining in coin on 31 October 1770, £9,733 14s 0d Balance remaining in cash notes on 31 October 1770, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,273 9s 0d Total, £10,273 9s 0d | |
6 | 19th November In consequence of the Order of last Monday the Inhabitants this day assembled and presented the following Regulations to Us with respect to Dogs. Island St. Helena November 19th 1770 In consequence of a proclamation published on Monday last by the Sheriff to Assemble the Inhabitants this day to consider of ways and means to prevent the great destruction made by Dogs in the several Flocks of Goats and Sheep in this Island. The principal Inhabitants being Assembled and having taken the same into Consideration, Have unanimously agreed to the following proposals, which they think will be the only method, to restrain the increase of unnecessary Dogs, and in some measure relieve the damage done by them, which they beg leave to recommend to the Worshipful the Governor & Council for their approbation and if they approve request the same may be enacted into a by Law for the benefit of the Island. 1st That any Inhabitant possessing House & Lands shall be allowed to keep Dogs in the following proportions. From 1 to fifty Acres of Land two Dogs From 50 to 100 Acres of do. three do. From 100 to 200 Acres of do. four do. And from 200 Acres & upwards Five do. 2 That every Inhabitant having a House in this Valley of £ 200 Value or upwards and not possessing in the Country shall be allowed one Dog for the protection of it. 3 That not Soldier not having Possessions as above or Black shall be allowed to keep a Dog on any pretence whatsoever. 4 That any Black or other Person giving information to the Sheriff of his having seen a Dog or Dogs and no body with them at | The inhabitants met on 19 November 1770, as the Council had ordered the Monday before. They presented their proposed rules on dogs. The meeting followed the Sheriff's public notice of the previous Monday, which called the islanders together to find a way to stop dogs destroying the flocks of goats and sheep. The leading inhabitants considered the matter and agreed unanimously on the following proposals. They believed these offered the only way to check the growing number of unnecessary dogs and to reduce some of the damage. They submitted the proposals for the approval of Governor Skottowe and the Council. If approved, they asked that the proposals be made into a by-law for the island's benefit. 1: Any inhabitant who owned a house and land would be allowed to keep dogs on the following scale. 1 to 50 acres, 2 dogs 50 to 100 acres, 3 dogs 100 to 200 acres, 4 dogs 200 acres and above, 5 dogs 2: Any inhabitant with a house in the valley worth £200 0s 0d or more, but no land in the country, would be allowed one dog to guard it. 3: No soldier without such property, and no black, could keep a dog for any reason whatever. 4: Any black or other person could inform the Sheriff after seeing a dog or dogs roaming without anyone in charge of them. Interpretations The scale turned dog-keeping into a privilege of property. The number of dogs rose with acreage, and a townsman qualified only if his house was worth at least £200 0s 0d. A man's standing in the island's land registers thus fixed what he might keep for his own protection. Soldiers without property and every black were shut out altogether. The ban went beyond controlling strays. Dogs could be used to hunt goats and sheep at night for meat. Denying them to the poorest and least free part of the population took away a means of theft that the planters feared, under cover of a measure against nuisance animals. The informer clause drew slaves and free blacks into enforcing the rule, even as the third proposal denied them dogs of their own. Reports went to the Sheriff, the officer who already enforced the island's orders and who had called the meeting. This gave the planters a network of watchers across the countryside at no cost to themselves. The inhabitants also asked for the proposals to become a by-law. Their own agreement bound no one. Only the Council's enactment would give the rules legal force against the owners who had earlier ignored private complaints. | |
7 | 1770 at the distance of one Mile from the owners House or in pursuit of Goats or Sheep the owner of such Dog or Dogs upon receiving an Order from the Sheriff shall be obliged immediately to kill the same. 5 That any Gentleman in the Company's Service not intitled by possession shall be allowed to keep one Dog and no more. Lastly That any person upon Breach of any of the above regulations shall be subject to a fine of £ (signed) James Greentree Sheriff The above Regulations we think tend rather to the increase than diminishing the Evil complained of. We therefore cannot Authorise the same. And as several Orders have been published in regard to Dogs destroying Sheep and Goats especially that 1765 have therefore agreed to abide by the said Order, and put the same into strict execution and have further given to the Sheriff directions in case of any complaint made him of Dogs destroying Sheep or Goats to send an Order to the Owner of such Dog or Dogs to kill them immediately. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The inhabitants' fourth proposal went on to set out what would follow such a report. If a dog was seen a mile or more from its owner's house, or chasing goats or sheep, the Sheriff would send the owner an order. The owner would then have to kill the dog at once. 5: Any gentleman in the Company's service who did not qualify through property would be allowed one dog and no more. The last proposal made anyone who broke these rules liable to a fine. The amount was left blank. James Greentree signed the proposals as Sheriff. The Council considered the proposals and concluded that they would increase the problem rather than reduce it. It therefore refused to approve them. It noted that several orders had already been published against dogs that killed sheep and goats, and in particular the order of 1765. The Council resolved to keep to that order and to enforce it strictly. It further instructed the Sheriff to act on any complaint of a dog killing sheep or goats by ordering the owner to destroy the dog immediately. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The Council had invited these proposals itself on 12 November 1770, and the usual course would have been to approve what a unanimous meeting of the leading inhabitants put forward. It rejected them outright. The reason lay in their structure. The scale did not limit dogs so much as grant every landholder a right to keep up to five. A planter with two dogs could now lawfully keep more, and every householder in the valley and every Company gentleman gained a recognised claim to at least one. The penalty clause carried no figure, so the restrictions had no fixed sanction behind them. What the planters had drafted was in effect a licence for their own dogs, paired with a ban aimed at soldiers and blacks. The Council preferred the existing order of 1765, which judged a dog by what it did rather than by its owner's rank or acreage. Under that order, any dog proved to have attacked sheep or goats was to be destroyed, whoever owned it. The new instruction to the Sheriff made the remedy swift. A single complaint now produced an order to kill the dog, with no lawsuit and no inquiry into the owner's entitlement. The problem the planters had raised was owners who scorned complaints. An order from the Sheriff, backed by the Council, was something they could not ignore. | |
8 | 26th November At a Consultation held on Monday the 26th day of November 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 19th November 1770. We this day received the following Petitions vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Governor & Council Esqr. The humble Petition of John Glynney Soldier Sheweth That your Petitioner throughly sensible of the unhappy misfortune which on Sunday the 18th instant did happen unto James Hogg Soldier whereby him the said James did lose his Life. And your Petitioner having an immediate acquaintance with the Friends & Relations to the deceased, and of his circum- -stances at Aberdeen North Britain, humbly presume to request your Worships paternal advice concerning the disposition of his Effects here. As your Petitioner being well convinced of independence or Estate to the Value of four or five hundred pounds was soon likely to become the property of him the sd. James deceased. And that your Petitioner having heard that some person or persons intend applying to your Worships for Admission to gain the deceaseds estate and effects. Your Petitioner well knowing the deceased had two Brothers and one Sister living at Aberdeen (some time since) humbly presume to request your Worships not permitting any administration may be made until a hearing from his Friends can be obtained. And your Petitioner as in duty bound Ever prays | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 26 November 1770. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 19 November 1770. The Council received several petitions that day. In the first, John Glynny, a soldier, wrote about the drowning of James Hogg, a fellow soldier, who lost his life in an accident on Sunday 18 November 1770. Glynny knew Hogg's friends and relations personally and understood his family circumstances in Aberdeen, Scotland. He asked for the Council's guidance on what should be done with Hogg's belongings on the island. Glynny was confident that an inheritance worth £400 or £500 was soon to pass to Hogg. He had heard that someone meant to apply to the Council to administer Hogg's estate and belongings. He knew that Hogg had two brothers and a sister who had been living in Aberdeen until recently. He therefore asked the Council to allow no one to administer the estate until word came from Hogg's family. Interpretations Administration was the legal process by which someone was appointed to settle the affairs of a person who died without a will. The administrator gathered the belongings, paid the debts and was supposed to hand the remainder to the next of kin. On St Helena the Council granted this authority. That made it the gatekeeper for every estate left by a soldier or sailor whose family lived thousands of miles away. In practice, an administrator on the island held the property for months or years before any heir could claim it. Glynny's petition shows the danger he foresaw. Hogg's own belongings were probably slight, but an administrator might also reach the expected inheritance of £400 or £500, a fortune many times a soldier's yearly pay. A family in Aberdeen could do nothing to protect it until news of the death reached them and their reply returned by ship. Glynny asked the Council to use its power over administration to hold the estate in trust for the heirs in the meantime. | |
9 | 1770 We told the said Glynny that the deceaseds Effects should be Sold and the Balance paid into the Company's Cash, that he should be informed what the amount was, that he might write to the deceaseds Friends in Aberdeen, that they might apply for the same. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of George Bird Sheweth That your Petitioner is desirous of having a small piece of the Honble. Company's Waste Ground adjoining his House in this Valley, hopes your Worship and Council will be pleased to Grant him a Lease for the same. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) 26th November 1770 George Bird The small piece of Ground Bird Petitioned for being of no use, we agreed to let the same at two shillings pr. Annum. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Council answered John Glynny's petition about James Hogg's estate. Hogg's belongings would be sold and the proceeds paid into the Company's treasury. Glynny would be told the amount, so that he could write to Hogg's family in Aberdeen and they could claim the money. George Bird petitioned Governor Skottowe and the Council on 26 November 1770. He wished to rent a small piece of the Company's waste ground next to his house in the valley and asked to be granted a lease. The plot was of no use to the Company, so the Council agreed to let it to him at £0 2s 0d a year. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Glynny's petition offered the Council two obvious courses. It could grant administration to the islander who wished to apply, or it could wait for Hogg's family to send instructions from Scotland, as Glynny proposed. It did neither. It sold the belongings itself and held the money in the Company's treasury. This meant that no private administrator ever controlled the estate, which met Glynny's fear. Nor did the belongings sit for a year or more in some storeroom, losing value while letters crossed to Aberdeen and back. The Company became the trustee. Hogg's brothers and sister could claim a fixed sum of money, without dealing with anyone on the island who might have spent or sold the goods. The Council said nothing about the inheritance of £400 or £500 expected in Scotland. That property lay outside its reach, and the family could secure it at home once Glynny's letter arrived. | |
10 | 3d. December At a Consultation held on Monday the 3d. day of December 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. L. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 26th November 1770. The Widow and Executors this day produced an Inventory of the Effects of Mr. John Desfountain Senr. deceased appraised by Messrs. Matthew Bazett, William Wrangham and Richard Bagley who being duly sworn that they valued the same to the best of their Judgments and the Widow that she produced every Article, it was Ordered to be Registered. Mr. Purling reports that he has viewed the two pieces of Land petitioned for by Mr. John Desfountain one of which he thinks may be let to him without prejudice either to the Company or the Neighbourhood. The other piece lies very near Mr. John Worralls Lands adjoining to his dwelling House, the letting this one therefore to Desfountain in the manner he requested to take it in will in Mr. Purlings opinion be injurious to the Neighbour Worrall but this may be obviated by granting Desfountain only part of that Land to come no nearer the petitioner Worralls limits than from an old Fence inclosing a piece of Land called the Level Wood close by a large gully & so to run strait up the Hill to the corner of the Fence about the petitioner Desfountains Land called Hayses. As the said two parcels of land are very barren & petitioned for mostly for the conveniency of fencing in them he thinks they should be let at a low Rate. Decemr. 3d. 1770 We have agreed to let the said two pieces of Land to Mr. John Desfountain at the Rate of 1/ pr. Acre. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 3 December 1770. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 26 November 1770. The widow and executrix of John Desfountain senior presented an inventory of his estate. Matthew Bazett, William Wrangham and Richard Bagley had valued the goods. They swore that they had valued each item as fairly as they could judge. The widow swore that she had produced every item belonging to the estate. The Council ordered the inventory to be registered. Purling reported on his inspection of the two pieces of land John Desfountain had petitioned for. He thought one could be let without harm to the Company or the neighbourhood. The other lay close to John Morrall's land and next to his house, and letting the whole of it as Desfountain asked would, in Purling's view, harm Morrall. He suggested a solution. Desfountain should receive only part of that piece, with a boundary running from an old fence round a plot called Level Wood. The line would pass beside a large gully and continue straight up the hill to the corner of the fence round Desfountain's own land at Hay[...]. Both parcels were very barren, and Desfountain wanted them mainly to make fencing easier, so Purling recommended a low rent. The Council agreed to let the two pieces to John Desfountain at one shilling an acre. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The double oath gave the inventory its legal force. The appraisers swore to the values and the executrix swore that nothing had been held back. Registration then turned the list into a public record. Creditors could test their claims against it, and heirs could later hold the executrix to account for every item. The appraisers were among the island's leading men, including the paymaster, which gave the valuation weight with the Council. The widow was perhaps Elizabeth Desfountain, who had sought leave on 22 October 1770 to auction 25½ acres of freehold land. That sale was probably part of settling the estate. Desfountain asked for both pieces in full, and the usual response to barren land of no use to the Company was to grant it as asked. Purling's inspection instead turned up Morrall's interest in the second piece. He drew a fixed line along an old fence, a gully and the hillside that kept the new tenant back from Morrall's house and land. Desfountain still got enough to straighten his fencing, which was his real purpose. The rent of one shilling an acre matched what the Council had set for Samuel Knipe's barren ground on 12 November 1770. Poor land thus carried a standard low rate. | |
11 | 10th December At a Consultation held on Monday the 10th day of December 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 3d. December 1770 Lieut. John Shirley this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of John Shirley Sheweth That your Petitioner is desirous of disposing of his Right to a small piece of Ground in James's Valley to his Sister Phillip Ampell. Requests your Worship & Council will give him leave so to do. And your Petitioner will ever pray. (signed) 10th December 1770 John Shirley Granted We this day appointed William Greenup Carpenter Mate in the Room of James Hogg Deceased to commence from the day of the said Hoggs Death at the usual Salary of £ 30 pr. Annum & discharged him from the Garrison as a Soldier and Engaged him to serve as a Carpenters Mate for five Years from the time of his appointment as such. The Expence of Artillery Stores & Stewards Accounts for the Month of November last were this day laid before Us which have been examined, approved of and are as follow vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 10 December 1770. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 3 December 1770. Lieutenant John Shelley petitioned the Governor and Council the same day. He wished to transfer his right to a small piece of ground in James's Valley to his sister, Philippa Campbell. He asked for leave to do so. The Council granted his request on 10 December 1770. The Council appointed William Gurrup as carpenter's mate in place of the late James Hogg, at the usual salary of £30 0s 0d a year. His pay ran from the day of Hogg's death. The Council discharged Gurrup from the garrison, where he had served as a soldier. It engaged him to serve as carpenter's mate for five years from the date of his appointment. The Council examined and approved the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for November 1770. Interpretations Gurrup's discharge from the ranks into a five-year engagement showed how the Company used the garrison as a pool of skilled workers. A soldier who knew a trade could be moved into a civilian post at a salary of £30 0s 0d a year, well above a private's pay. In return, the five-year term tied him to the island and to the Company's works. That mattered at a time when the rebuilding of Munden's Battery, the demi-bastion and the boats in 1770 had made carpenters scarce. Backdating his pay to 18 November 1770 suggests that Gurrup had taken up Hogg's duties at once, before the Council formally confirmed him. Shelley's petition followed the pattern set by Elizabeth Desfountain's sale on 22 October 1770. Even a transfer within a family, from brother to sister, needed the Council's leave. A right to ground in the valley was a Company grant, held on the Company's terms, and it could not change hands privately. | |
12 | 10th December Artillery Stores Expended in November 1770 lb. oz Powder Expended for Sundry Services 107 6 Lead Ball to shoot Goats 3 4 Match for Stone Blowers 1 Tallow 10 Cartridge Paper Quire 2¼ White Hoops for Lt. Governor No. 3 Quoins 12 lbs. 1 Handspikes 2 Iron Trucks 2 Iron Shod do. 3 Gun Carriages 9 Sponge Staves 7 Sheep Skins for Sponges 1 (signed) James Tippet Capt. of Artillery Sundrys expended at the Honble. Company's Table in November 1770 vizt. 30 Bottles Madeira £ 3 29 Port 2 3 6 22 Lisbon 1 13 11 Mountain 16 6 32 Beer 6 34⅞ G. Arrack 5 2 9 287 Beef 5 15 7 314 Mutton 6 10 10 18 Fowls 1 7 6 Ducks 9 17¾ Butter 17 9 218 Candy 5 9 530 Flour 4 17 4½ 1 Lamb 10 2 Kids 10 6 Pigs 1 10 £ 41 10 3½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The artillery stores used in November 1770 were as follows. Powder for various services, 107 lb 6 oz Lead ball for shooting goats, 3 lb 4 oz Slow match for the stone blowers, 1 lb 0 oz Tallow, 10 lb 0 oz Cartridge paper, 2¼ quires Iron wheel hoops for the Lieutenant Governor, 3 Quoins for 12-pounder guns, 1 Handspikes, 2 Iron trucks, 2 Iron-shod trucks, 3 Gun carriages, 9 Sponge staves, 7 Sheepskins for sponges, 1 James Sippet signed the account as captain of artillery. The provisions used at the Company's table in November 1770 were as follows. Madeira, 33 bottles, £3 6s 0d Port, 29 bottles, £2 3s 6d Lisbon wine, 22 bottles, £1 13s 0d Mountain wine, 11 bottles, £0 16s 6d Beer, 32 bottles, £0 6s 0d Arrack, 34¼ gallons, £5 2s 9d Beef, 287 lb, £5 19s 7d Mutton, 314 lb, £6 10s 10d Fowls, 18, £1 7s 0d Ducks, 6, £0 9s 0d Butter, 17½ lb, £0 17s 9d Sugar candy, 218 lb, £5 9s 0d Flour, 530 lb, £4 17s 4½d Lamb, 1, £0 10s 0d Kids, 2, £0 10s 0d Pigs, 6, £1 10s 0d Total, £41 10s 3½d Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The artillery list consisted largely of parts for gun carriages, with 9 carriages issued in a single month. Trucks were the small solid wheels on which a garrison gun carriage ran. Iron-shod trucks had iron tyres fitted to resist wear on stone platforms. Quoins were wooden wedges placed under the breech to raise or lower the barrel's aim. A sponge staff was a long pole with a sheepskin head, used to swab out the bore after each shot and put out any burning residue before the next charge was loaded. The sheepskin listed here was for re-covering these heads. The scale of the issue matched the remounting of guns at the new demi-bastion and at Munden's Battery. Slow match issued to the stone blowers was used to light the powder charges that split rock in the quarries supplying those works. The powder used fell from 942 lb 11 oz in October to 107 lb 6 oz, since November carried no royal salute and no round of scaling. Flour at the table rose tenfold, from 53¼ lb to 530 lb, while wine fell from 150 bottles to 95. The figures do not explain either change. The three iron wheel hoops for the Lieutenant Governor came from military stores, yet they served a civilian purpose. They were probably tyres for a carriage or cart at his house at Longwood, repaired at Company expense in September 1770. The Company supplied its officers' households from the same stores that kept the batteries armed. | |
13 | 17th December At a Consultation held on Monday the 17th of December 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 10th of December 1770. Ordered the following Advertisement to be Published vizt. Island St. Helena 17th December 1770. This is to give Notice to all the Planters upon the said Island, that they are hereby required to send into the Secretary's Office on or before the 28 instant an exact signed account of their number of Cattle each of them have for Slaughter for the Year 1771 which they will be expected punctually to Supply, unless an Accident should happen to any of them in that case they are to send a return in writing within three days after such Accident, to the Secretary's Office aforesaid in neglect of which no excuse will be admitted, but in failure thereof the Owner obliged to furnish another Beast. They are likewise desired to make at the time abovementioned of the Number of Cattle each of them have lost by Deaths, Accidents &c.a since their return of the 20 Sept. last. Notice is hereby further given that they are likewise to transmit an Account on or before the time abovementioned of their Number of Horses, and to distinguish them by their several Denominations also of their respective Flocks of Sheep and Goats and what Sheep they intend for Sale. Per Order of Council (signed) M. Bazett Secy. Counted and examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of November last which is as follows vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 17 December 1770. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 10 December 1770. The Council ordered a notice to be published, dated 17 December 1770. It required every planter to send the Secretary's office a precise signed account, by 28 December 1770, of the cattle he had ready for slaughter in 1771. Each planter would be expected to deliver those cattle on time. If an accident befell any of them, the owner had to report it in writing to the Secretary's office within three days. No excuse would be accepted without such a report, and the owner would then have to supply another animal in its place. Planters were also to report at the same time the cattle each had lost through death, accident or other causes since their return of 30 September 1770. The notice further required the planters to send in, by the same date, an account of their horses, listed by type. They were also to report their flocks of sheep and goats and state which sheep they meant to sell. John Bazett, the secretary, signed the notice on the Council's order. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for November 1770. Interpretations The cattle return turned a planter's declared stock into a binding commitment to supply the Company. The beef fed the garrison and supplied the Company's ships. Once a beast appeared on the list, the planter owed it. The three-day rule closed the obvious loophole. A planter could otherwise sell a listed bullock privately to a visiting ship at a better price and later claim it had died. Without a prompt written report, the loss fell on him and he had to provide a replacement. The comparison with the return of 30 September 1770 let the Secretary trace each herd from quarter to quarter. Any unexplained gap would then show up. The accounts of horses, sheep and goats served the Council as a census of the island's livestock. It needed one to judge how far the island could feed itself and its shipping. The question of which sheep the planters meant to sell let the Company see how much mutton would come to market. The Company's table alone had used 230 lb of mutton in October and 314 lb in November 1770. | |
14 | Cash Dr. 1770 Novr. 1st To Balance remaining £ 10273 9 £ 10273 9 Per Contra Cr. 1770 Nov. 30th By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 9733 14 In Cash Notes 539 15 10273 9 £ 10273 9 Margin Notes: 17th December | For a second month, nothing passed through the Company's treasury in November 1770. Money received Balance remaining on 1 November 1770, £10,273 9s 0d Total, £10,273 9s 0d Money paid out Balance remaining in coin on 30 November 1770, £9,733 14s 0d Balance remaining in cash notes on 30 November 1770, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,273 9s 0d Total, £10,273 9s 0d | |
15 | 24th December The piece of Ground Roderick Merchant Petitioned for in Sept. last being viewed and found of no detriment to the Honble. Company or Neighbourhood. We agreed to Let the same at 5/ pr. Annum. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 24th day of December 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, & signed dated the 17th of Decr. 1770 We this day met as usual and no Business offering We Adjourned. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Council had the ground that Roderick Merchant asked for in September 1770 inspected. It was found that letting it would cause no harm to the Company or the neighbours. The Council agreed to let it to him for £0 3s 0d a year. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 24 December 1770. The Governor presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 17 December 1770. No business came before the Council that day, so it adjourned. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. | |
16 | 31st December At a Consultation held on Monday the 31 day of Decemr. 1770 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 24 Decr. 1770. The return of Cattle for Slaughter for the Year 1771 being this day laid before Us, we find but 196 given in for Sale, which is far short of the usual returns & very inadequate to the Supply of the Market and Shipping, owing to the dryness of the Seasons for the two last Years & more particularly felt in the Cattle as the loss upon their respective Stocks amount to 550. We have therefore Ordered the following Advertisement to be Published vizt. Island St. Helena 31st Decr. 1770. Whereas the return of Cattle for Slaughter for the Year 1771 proving remarkable short and noways adequate to the Supply of the Market and expected Shipping. This is therefore to give notice to all the Planters of the said Island that in case of a favourable Season that they will pay some attention to the fatting of a few more Cattle out of their respective Stocks and make a return into the Secretary's Office of the additional number they can Supply on the 1st day of June next. Per Order of Council (signed) M. Bazett Secy. Should we not be so fortunate as to have a good Summer Season the Island will be greatly distressed and are certain that if we have not a Large supply of Sheep from the Cape by the homeward bound Ships agreeable to our request of 9th August last, that we shall | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 31 December 1770. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 24 December 1770. The planters' return of cattle for slaughter in 1771 came before the Council. Only 196 head had been offered for sale. That fell far below the usual returns and could not meet the needs of the market and the shipping. The shortfall followed two dry years in succession, which had hit the cattle especially hard. The planters' herds had lost 330 head between them. The Council therefore ordered a further notice to be published. The notice, dated 31 December 1770, explained that the cattle offered for 1771 were remarkably few and nowhere near enough for the market and the ships expected. It asked every planter to fatten a few more cattle from his herd if the season proved favourable. Each was to report to the Secretary's office, by 1 June 1771, how many extra beasts he could supply. John Bazett, the secretary, signed the notice on the Council's order. The Council foresaw serious hardship for the island if the coming summer failed. Much depended on the homeward-bound ships bringing a large supply of sheep from the Cape, as the Council had requested on 9 August 1770. Interpretations Two weeks earlier, on 17 December 1770, the Council had bound the planters to deliver every beast they declared, on pain of supplying a replacement. Faced with a return of only 196 head, the obvious next step was to apply the same compulsion and order each planter to supply more. The Council chose a request instead, made conditional on a good season and with a deadline of 1 June 1771. The minute gives the reason. The herds had already lost 330 head to drought. Forcing planters to kill more cattle in a dry summer would have meant slaughtering breeding stock and thin animals. That would have deepened the shortage for years to come. A voluntary pledge made after the summer rains, when the pasture's condition was known, protected the herds while still giving the Council a firm count to plan from. The Cape sheep show how far the island depended on outside supply when its own pasture failed. The Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope bred sheep in great numbers. Company ships calling there on their way home from India and China could take on flocks and land them at St Helena a few weeks later. The arrangement turned the homeward fleet into a supply line, but it left the island's meat supply hostage to the timing of the ships and the willingness of their commanders to carry livestock. | |
17 | 7th January shall not be able to afford the Ships of the Year 1771 any proper refreshment, the Company from the above cause have also been a great sufferer in their Stock losing 150 in the course of this Year. We therefore thought it advisable to reduce the Cheek party from ⅞ to ½ part which is 420 to each Ship. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 7th day of January 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 31st Decr. 1770 Yesterday Arrived the Honble. Company's Ship Lapwing from Madrass, last from the Cape do. Sailed the Lapwing for England We this day received the following Letter from Captn. Tippet To the Worshipl. Jno. Skottowe Esqr. Govr. & Council Gentlemen I have the Honor to acquaint you that the Workmen were employed last Quarter chiefly in carrying on the Barracks, which I have the pleasure to inform you | The Council feared that the ships of 1771 would have to go without proper fresh provisions. The dry seasons had also cost the Company heavily in its own herds, which had lost 130 head during the year. The Council therefore judged it wise to cut the [...] from one-third to one-quarter. This left each ship 420 [...]. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 7 January 1771. The Governor presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 31 December 1770. The Company's ship Lapwing had arrived the day before, 6 January 1771, from Madras by way of the Cape. She sailed on for England. The Council received a letter from Captain Tippet. He reported that the workmen had spent most of the last quarter building the barracks. Interpretations The Company's own loss of 130 head came on top of the 330 lost by the planters. The drought had thus stripped the island of about 460 cattle in two years. In normal times the Company could cover a weak planters' return from its own herds. It could no longer do so, and the cut fell on the ships, the one demand the Council could reduce without leaving the garrison and the island's families short. The decision was taken before the season's ships arrived, so that commanders would find a fixed and lower allowance and not compete for whatever beef remained. The Lapwing came by way of the Cape, the route the Council relied on for the sheep it had requested on 9 August 1770. The record says nothing of any livestock she carried. | |
18 | 7th January you, is in great forwardness, preparing Window Stools at the Quarry for the Lieut. Governor repairing the Castle and Lieut. Govr. House making Brick and preparing Embrasure Stones at the Quarry. I intend with your permission this Quarter prosecuting the Barracks and making Brick with the greatest Expedition. I have the Honor to be Gentlemen Your most Obedt. Hble. Servant (signed) St. Helena Jany. 7th 1771 James Tippet We accordingly gave him Orders to prosecute the Barracks with the greatest expedition. As the making of Bricks has been an experiment which Capt. Tippet had our Orders to try the success of at Sandy Bay, and as two successive tryals have answered our expectation we are determined to carry the same into execution being convinced of the great Utility of such materials to the Works &c. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | Captain Tippet's letter went on to report that the barracks were well advanced. The workmen had also spent the quarter preparing window sills at the quarry for the Lieutenant Governor and repairing the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house. They had also made bricks and cut embrasure stones at the quarry. Subject to the Council's approval, Tippet planned to push on with the barracks and the brickmaking as fast as possible in the coming quarter. He signed the letter at St Helena on 7 January 1771. The Council ordered him to press on with the barracks as quickly as he could. Brickmaking at Sandy Bay had begun as an experiment, which Tippet had carried out on the Council's orders. Two trials in succession had met the Council's hopes. Convinced that bricks would be of great value to the public works, the Council resolved to put their manufacture on a regular footing. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The island's public works had been built almost entirely of stone. The accounts for the quarter ending 30 September 1770 were dominated by stonecutters, stone blowers and lime burners at the demi-bastion and Munden's Battery. Bricks, where needed, would normally have come from England as ballast or cargo. The Council took a less obvious course. It had bricks tried from local clay at Sandy Bay, and it committed to production only after two successful firings. Island-made brick cost no freight and did not depend on the ships' timetable. It also eased the demand on skilled stonecutters, whose labour was among the dearest on the island. The barracks, with their many walls and openings, were exactly the kind of building where brick saved most work. Embrasure stones were the dressed blocks that lined the openings in a parapet through which guns fired. They had to be cut precisely to resist the blast and the shock of the guns. Preparing them at the quarry alongside the barracks work shows that the rebuilding of the batteries continued into 1771. | |
19 | 14th January At a Consultation held on Monday the 14th day of January 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 7th Jany. 1771. Saturday the 12th died Elizabeth Willoughby Widow The Executors this day produced an Inventory of the Effects of Mr. Isaac Knipe deceased appraised by Messrs. Richard Bagley, John Alexander and Orlando Bagley who being duly sworn that they Valued the same to the best of their Judgments and the Executors that they produced every Article it was Ordered to be Registered. The Plantation Account for the Quarter and the Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of December last were this day laid before Us, which were examined and approved of, and are as follow vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 14 January 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 7 January 1771. Elizabeth Willoughby, a widow, had died on Saturday 12 January 1771. The executors of the late Isaac Knipe presented an inventory of his estate. Richard Bagley, John Alexander and Orlando Bagley had valued the goods. They swore that they had valued them as fairly as they could judge. The executors swore that they had produced every item belonging to the estate. The Council ordered the inventory to be registered. The plantation account for the quarter, the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for December 1770 came before the Council. The members examined and approved them, and the accounts followed in the record. | |
20 | Account of the Honorable Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c.a from the 1st October to the 31 December 1770 Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses, Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese Remaining 1st Octr.: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 135, Neat Cattle Calves 82, Neat Cattle Yearlings 34, Neat Cattle Heifers 35, Neat Cattle Steers 56, Neat Cattle Oxen 21, Neat Cattle Total 370, Sheep Ewes 373, Sheep Weathers 97, Sheep Lambs 37, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 521, Goats Ewes 125, Goats Weathers 15, Goats Kids 10, Goats Rams 8, Goats Total 158, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 10, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 19, Horses 6, Mares 6, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 97, Poultry Ducks 41, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 14 Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 7, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 7, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 14, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 14, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 23, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 23, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 13, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 13, Horses 1, Mares 1, Horses Total 2, Poultry Fowls 63, Poultry Ducks 16, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 135, Neat Cattle Calves 89, Neat Cattle Yearlings 34, Neat Cattle Heifers 35, Neat Cattle Steers 56, Neat Cattle Oxen 21, Neat Cattle Total 377, Sheep Ewes 373, Sheep Weathers 97, Sheep Lambs 51, Sheep Rams 14, Sheep Total 535, Goats Ewes 125, Goats Weathers 15, Goats Kids 33, Goats Rams 8, Goats Total 181, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 23, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 32, Horses 7, Mares 7, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 160, Poultry Ducks 57, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 14 Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 3, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 3, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 6, Sheep Ewes 26, Sheep Weathers 40, Sheep Lambs 7, Sheep Rams 7, Sheep Total 80, Goats Ewes 5, Goats Weathers 4, Goats Kids 3, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 12, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 2, Hogs Pigs 8, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 10, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 38, Poultry Ducks 12, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 3 Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 11, Neat Cattle Calves 26, Neat Cattle Yearlings 4, Neat Cattle Heifers 2, Neat Cattle Steers 1, Neat Cattle Oxen 5, Neat Cattle Total 49, Sheep Ewes 5, Sheep Weathers 3, Sheep Lambs 9, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 17, Goats Ewes 2, Goats Weathers 1, Goats Kids 3, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 6, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 1, Hogs Pigs 5, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 6, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 8, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Remaining 31st Decr.: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 121, Neat Cattle Calves 63, Neat Cattle Yearlings 30, Neat Cattle Heifers 33, Neat Cattle Steers 52, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 322, Sheep Ewes 342, Sheep Weathers 54, Sheep Lambs 35, Sheep Rams 7, Sheep Total 438, Goats Ewes 118, Goats Weathers 10, Goats Kids 27, Goats Rams 8, Goats Total 163, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 10, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 16, Horses 7, Mares 7, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 114, Poultry Ducks 45, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 6 Slaves born 1 Boy named James Plato Slaves Deceased 1 Woman named Phoebe do. do. 1 do. named Massey Yam Expended for the Slaves 54950 do. do. for the Stock 16500 Total 71450 Errors Excepted (signed) Danl. Corneille Margin Notes: 14th January | Daniel Corneille presented an account of the Company's livestock at the plantation from 1 October to 31 December 1770. Bulls: 7 on 1 October, 0 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 31 December Cows: 135 on 1 October, 0 born, 135 in all, 3 killed, 11 died, 121 on 31 December Calves: 82 on 1 October, 7 born, 89 in all, 0 killed, 26 died, 63 on 31 December Yearlings: 34 on 1 October, 0 born, 34 in all, 0 killed, 4 died, 30 on 31 December Heifers: 35 on 1 October, 0 born, 35 in all, 0 killed, 2 died, 33 on 31 December Steers: 56 on 1 October, 0 born, 56 in all, 3 killed, 1 died, 52 on 31 December Oxen: 21 on 1 October, 0 born, 21 in all, 0 killed, 5 died, 16 on 31 December Total cattle: 370 on 1 October, 7 born, 377 in all, 6 killed, 49 died, 322 on 31 December Ewes: 373 on 1 October, 0 born, 373 in all, 26 killed, 5 died, 342 on 31 December Wethers: 97 on 1 October, 0 born, 97 in all, 40 killed, 3 died, 54 on 31 December Lambs: 37 on 1 October, 14 born, 51 in all, 7 killed, 9 died, 35 on 31 December Rams: 14 on 1 October, 0 born, 14 in all, 7 killed, 0 died, 7 on 31 December Total sheep: 521 on 1 October, 14 born, 535 in all, 80 killed, 17 died, 438 on 31 December Nanny goats: 125 on 1 October, 0 born, 125 in all, 5 killed, 2 died, 118 on 31 December Wether goats: 15 on 1 October, 0 born, 15 in all, 4 killed, 1 died, 10 on 31 December Kids: 10 on 1 October, 23 born, 33 in all, 3 killed, 3 died, 27 on 31 December Billy goats: 8 on 1 October, 0 born, 8 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 8 on 31 December Total goats: 158 on 1 October, 23 born, 181 in all, 12 killed, 6 died, 163 on 31 December Sows: 5 on 1 October, 0 born, 5 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 5 on 31 December Hogs: 3 on 1 October, 0 born, 3 in all, 2 killed, 1 died, 0 on 31 December Pigs: 10 on 1 October, 13 born, 23 in all, 8 killed, 5 died, 10 on 31 December Boars: 1 on 1 October, 0 born, 1 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 1 on 31 December Total swine: 19 on 1 October, 13 born, 32 in all, 10 killed, 6 died, 16 on 31 December Horses: 6 on 1 October, 1 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 31 December Mares: 6 on 1 October, 1 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 31 December Total horses: 12 on 1 October, 2 born, 14 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 14 on 31 December Fowls: 97 on 1 October, 63 hatched, 160 in all, 38 killed, 8 died, 114 on 31 December Ducks: 41 on 1 October, 16 hatched, 57 in all, 12 killed, 0 died, 45 on 31 December Turkeys: 7 on 1 October, 0 hatched, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 31 December Geese: 14 on 1 October, 0 hatched, 14 in all, 8 killed, 0 died, 6 on 31 December The account also recorded the following changes among the Company's slaves at the plantation. Slaves born: 1 boy, named James Plato Slaves died: 1 woman, named Olive Slaves died: 1 woman, named Massey The plantation used the following quantities of yams during the quarter. Yams issued for the slaves, 54,950 lb Yams issued for the livestock, 16,500 lb Total yams issued, 71,450 lb Corneille signed the account, reserving the right to correct any errors. Interpretations The cattle figures bore out the Council's warning of 31 December 1770. The Company's herd fell from 370 to 322 in a single quarter, and only six of the losses were beasts killed for meat. Forty-nine died. More than half of the dead were calves, and only seven new calves were born. In a drought, cows short of grass gave too little milk to raise their young, and the herd lost both this year's increase and its future breeding stock. The quarter's losses alone made up much of the 130 head the Council said the Company had lost during the year. The sheep and goats fared better, because they could browse on scrub where cattle could not graze. Even so, 80 sheep were killed against only 14 lambs born. The flock was being eaten down to meet demand for mutton, which explains the Council's reliance on sheep from the Cape. The births and deaths of slaves appeared in the same account as the calves and lambs, signed by the same officer. The Company kept its slaves at the plantation as working property, counted alongside the herds that the plantation fed. Yams were the slaves' staple ration, grown on the plantation itself. The issue of 54,950 lb in a quarter was more than three times the quantity fed to the animals. Yams kept the cost of feeding the slaves off the Company's imported stores. | |
21 | 1771 Artillery Stores Expended in December 1770 lb. oz Powder for Sundry Services 55 5 Tallow 14 Lead Ball to Shoot Goats 4 13 Paper for Cartridges Quires 12½ Bees Wax for the Works at the new Barracks 1 Sponge Staves for Long Wood No. 2 (signed) James Tippet Captn. of Artillery Sundrys Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in December 1770 46 Bottles Madeira £ 4 12 31 do. Port 2 6 6 15 do. Lisbon 1 2 6 16 do. Mountain 1 4 32 do. Beer 5 11¾ 30⅛ G. Arrack 4 11 6 253 Beef 5 6 3 243 Mutton 5 1 3 1 Turkey 5 23 Fowls 1 14 6 10 Ducks 15 4 Geese 1 1½ Butter 1 6 96 Candy 2 8 430 Flour 3 11 8 4 Pigs 1 £ 35 5 7½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The artillery stores used in December 1770 were as follows. Powder for various services, 55 lb 5 oz Tallow, 14 lb 0 oz Lead ball for shooting goats, 4 lb 13 oz Paper for cartridges, 12½ quires Beeswax for the works at the new barracks, 1 lb 0 oz Sponge staves for Longwood, 2 James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. The provisions used at the Company's table in December 1770 were as follows. Madeira, 46 bottles, £4 12s 0d Port, 31 bottles, £2 6s 6d Lisbon wine, 15 bottles, £1 2s 6d Mountain wine, 16 bottles, £1 4s 0d Beer, 32 bottles, £0 5s 11¾d Arrack, 38½ gallons, £5 11s 6d Beef, 255 lb, £5 6s 3d Mutton, 243 lb, £5 1s 3d Turkey, 1, £0 5s 0d Fowls, 23, £1 14s 6d Ducks, 10, £0 15s 0d Geese, 4, £1 0s 0d Butter, 1½ lb, £0 1s 6d Sugar candy, 96 lb, £2 8s 0d Flour, 430 lb, £3 11s 8d Pigs, 4, £1 0s 0d Total, £35 5s 7½d Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Butter at the Company's table fell from 23 lb in October and 17½ lb in November to only 1½ lb in December 1770. The plantation account for the same quarter explains why. With 26 calves dead and the cows short of grass, the Company's herd had almost no milk to spare for butter. Fresh meat held up better, because beasts could still be killed as long as they lived. Dairy produce, however, depended on pasture in good condition, and so it was the first casualty of a drought. | |
22 | 21st January At a Consultation held on Monday the 21 day of January 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 14th January 1771 The Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter commencing from 1st October and ending 31 December last which were Examined and Approved and are as follow vizt. Collection of Goods Sold and delivered out of the Honble. Company's Ware Houses from 1st of October to 31 December 1770. Sold to the Company's Servants at 10 pr. Ct. Sugar & Candy vizt. 11748 Sugar 171 6 6 1976 Candy 45 5 8 216 12 2 Flour vizt. 6399 Flour 53 6 6 499 3 10 Baked 466 5 8 519 12 2 Rice & Paddy vizt. 123 3 Rice 64 3 11 45 Paddy 11 6 10 75 10 9 Oil vizt. 93½ Galls. Train 16 14 7 18½ Linseed 4 4 2 Oil Carried Over £ 20 18 9 Carried Over £ 811 15 1 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 21 January 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 14 January 1771. The storekeeper presented his record of sales and the paymaster his accounts for the quarter from 1 October to 31 December 1770. The Council examined and approved them. The storekeeper's record listed the goods sold and delivered from the Company's warehouses in that quarter. The first section covered goods sold to the Company's servants at a 10 per cent advance. Sugar, 11,748 lb, £171 6s 6d Sugar candy, 1,976 lb, £45 5s 8d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £216 12s 2d Flour, 6,399 lb, £53 6s 6d Baked bread, 499 cwt 2 qr 10 lb, £466 5s 8d Total for flour and bread, £519 12s 2d Rice, 123 cwt 3 qr, £64 3s 11d Unhusked rice, 45 cwt, £11 6s 10d Total for rice and unhusked rice, £75 10s 9d Train oil, 93⅜ gallons, £16 14s 7d Linseed oil, 18 gallons, £4 4s 2d Total for oil, £20 18s 9d Carried over, £811 15s 1d Interpretations The Company's servants, from senior officials to soldiers and artificers, bought their staples from the Company's warehouses at a fixed advance of 10 per cent, probably on the invoice cost. This gave them a privileged price, well below what they would pay a private trader buying from a passing ship. It also turned the stores into a channel for recovering wages, since much of what the paymaster paid out came back to the treasury through these sales. Bread was by far the largest item, at more than £466 0s 0d in a single quarter. The Company's bakehouse thus fed most of the garrison and its dependants from imported flour. Train oil was oil rendered from the blubber of whales or seals. It was burnt in lamps throughout the garrison and the Company's buildings. Linseed oil, pressed from flax seed, was mixed with pigments to make paint and used to preserve timber. The demand for it matched the painting of houses and boats recorded in the paymaster's accounts. | |
23 | 1771 Brought Over £ 811 15 1 Oil brought Over £ 20 18 9 ⅜ Gall. Turpentine 1 10 9 Bottles Florence 1 6 3 22 6 10 Salt 33⅞ Bushels 5 18 9 Pepper 60 lb. 1 13 9 Candles 277 lb. 35 4 Chelloes 46 Pieces 19 1 8 Twine vizt. 79 Sk. Twine 2 9 4 8 Cotton Wick 1 3 9 4 Starch 53 lb. 1 14 3 Tea vizt. 72 Bohea 2 17 60 Single 4 10 7 7 Sope 115 lb. 3 14 3 Flannel 23½ Yards 2 16 9 Canvas vizt. 5 Yards English 7 3½ 97 Osenbrigs 4 4 10½ 44½ do. Teklenburgs 2 3 7 6 15 9 Shalloon vizt. 52¾ Yds. Coloured 5 4 5 11½ do. Scarlet 1 11 2 6 15 7 Thread vizt. 16 Coloured 2 14 8 7 Whited Brown 2 12 6 3 oz. No. 38 18 9 6 5 11 Oars 7 1 9 9 Pitch & Tar vizt. 111 Pitch 10 10½ Pitch & Tar Carr. over £ 13 10½ Carr. Over £ 936 8 8 | The storekeeper's record of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from £811 15s 1d brought over. Brought over, £811 15s 1d Oil brought over, £20 18s 9d Turpentine, ⅞ gallon, £0 1s 10d Florence oil, 9 bottles, £1 6s 3d Total for oil, £22 6s 10d Salt, 33½ bushels, £5 18s 9d Pepper, [...] lb, £1 13s 9d Candles, 277 lb, £35 1s 0d Chelloes, 46 pieces, £19 1s 8d Twine, 79 lb, £2 9s 4d Cotton wick, 3 lb, £1 0s 0d Total for twine and wick, £3 9s 4d Starch, 53 lb, £1 14s 3d Bohea tea, 7½ lb, £2 17s 0d Singlo tea, 6 lb, £4 10s 0d Total for tea, £7 7s 0d Soap, 115 lb, £3 4s 3d Flannel, 23¾ yards, £2 16s 9d English canvas, 5 yards, £0 7s 3½d Hamburg canvas, 97 yards, £4 4s 10½d Tecklenburg canvas, 44½ yards, £2 3s 7d Total for canvas, £6 15s 9d Coloured shalloon, 52¾ yards, £5 4s 5d Scarlet shalloon, 11½ yards, £1 11s 2d Total for shalloon, £6 15s 7d Coloured thread, 16 lb, £2 14s 8d White and brown thread, 7 lb, £2 12s 6d Thread, number 38 grade, 3 lb, £0 18s 9d Total for thread, £6 5s 11d Oars, 9, £1 9s 9d Pitch, 11 [...], £0 10s 10½d Pitch and tar carried over, £0 13s 10½d Carried over, £936 8s 8d Interpretations Chelloes were checked or striped cotton cloths woven in western India and shipped home in the Company's Indiamen. On St Helena they were made up into shirts, aprons and the clothing of servants and slaves. At 46 pieces they were the main textile on the list, a sign that Indian cloth, not English wool, clothed most of the island. Shalloon was a light English worsted, made in coloured and scarlet grades. It served as the lining of military coats, and the scarlet matched the facings of the garrison's uniforms. Hamburg and Tecklenburg canvas were coarse linen cloths from northern Germany, sold through Hamburg. They were cheaper than English canvas and were used for sacking, tents, hammocks and working clothes. Bohea was the common black tea of the China trade. Singlo was a green tea and cost twice as much by the pound. The Company's own ships supplied both. Florence oil was fine olive oil from Tuscany, shipped in flasks wrapped in straw and used at table and in cookery. Turpentine was distilled from pine resin and thinned the linseed-oil paints recorded on the previous page. The goods on this page show what the Company's warehouses did. They gathered produce from three continents — Indian cloth, Chinese tea, German linen and Italian oil — and passed it on to the island's officials and garrison at the cost of a 10 per cent advance. Few English country towns of the same date had so wide a range of imported goods on sale. The island's position on the homeward route from Asia gave its people a reach into eastern produce that their counterparts in England did not enjoy. | |
24 | 21st January Brought Over £ 936 8 8 Pitch and Tar Brought Over £ 13 10½ 27¼ Galls. Tar 1 2 8½ 95 Rozin 17 9 2 14 4 Cordage 570¼ lb. 10 1 11 Leather vizt. 177¼ lb. Sole 14 7 2 1 Calf Skin 12 14 19 2 Blankets 10 3 4 2 Pease 6½ Bushls. 2 12 10 Arrack 3 Gallons 15 Hats 2 Boys 13 3 Lead vizt. 98½ lb. Sheet 1 6½ 51 Small Shot 10 7½ 1 2 2 Buckram 21½ Yds. 19 8 Long Ells vizt. ¾ Yds. Scarlet 2 2¼ 14¼ do. Blue 1 11 1¾ 1 13 4 Hooks & Lines vizt. 850 No. 1 Hooks 2 7 9¾ 525 9 16 7½ 425 14 4 4 725 16 4 2¾ 175 12 2 11 400 15 3 1 216 2 Lines 3 9 4½ 147 3 2 16 1½ 12 4 4 11½ 1 Deep Sea 5 5¾ 2 Hambro 3 3½ 5 Log 5 6½ 11 3 9 Carried Over £ 986 17 3 | The storekeeper's record of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from £936 8s 8d brought over. Brought over, £936 8s 8d Pitch and tar brought over, £0 13s 10½d Tar, 2⅞ gallons, £1 2s 8½d Rosin, 95 lb, £0 7s 9d Total for pitch, tar and rosin, £2 4s 4d Cordage, 570¼ lb, £10 1s 11d Sole leather, 77¾ lb, £13 17s 2d Calfskin, 1, £0 12s 0d Total for leather, £14 9s 2d Blankets, 10, £3 4s 2d Pease, 6½ bushels, £2 12s 10d Arrack, 5 gallons, £0 15s 0d Boys' hats, 2, £0 13s 3d Sheet lead, 98½ lb, £1 0s 6½d Small shot, 51 lb, £0 10s 7½d Total for lead, £1 11s 2d Buckram, 21½ yards, £0 19s 8d Scarlet long ells, ¾ yard, £0 2s 2½d Blue long ells, 16½ yards, £1 11s 1½d Total for long ells, £1 13s 4d Fish hooks, number 1 size, 850, £2 7s 9¾d Fish hooks, number 3 size, 525, £0 16s 7½d Fish hooks, number 4 size, 425, £0 4s 4d Fish hooks, number 6 size, 725, £0 4s 2¾d Fish hooks, number 12 size, 175, £0 2s 11d Fish hooks, number 15 size, 400, £0 3s 1d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 216, £3 9s 4½d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 147, £2 16s 1½d Fishing lines, number 4 size, 12, £0 4s 11½d Deep-sea line, 1, £0 5s 5¾d Hamburg lines, 2, £0 3s 3½d Log lines, 5, £0 5s 6¼d Total for hooks and lines, £11 3s 9d Carried over, £986 17s 3d Interpretations The quarter's sales of fishing tackle included more than 3,000 hooks and over 360 lines. They show how far the island's people relied on the sea for food. With the cattle herds dying in the drought and the Council cutting the ships' allowance of beef, fish was the one source of fresh protein that the dry seasons could not touch. Company servants who could not buy meat could feed themselves from the rocks and the boats. The range of hook sizes covered everything from small inshore fish to the large species taken in deep water off the island. A deep-sea line was a long, heavy line weighted to reach the bottom far offshore. Hamburg lines were medium cords of German make. A log line was the knotted line that measured a ship's speed through the water, probably bought here for the island's boats. Long ells were a coarse, hard-wearing English woollen cloth, named after the long measure in which they were sold. Like the scarlet and blue shalloons on the previous page, they matched the colours of military dress. Buckram was linen stiffened with glue or size and used to give shape to collars, cuffs and hat brims. Pease were dried field peas, a staple of ship's and garrison rations that kept for months in store. Rosin was the solid resin left after turpentine was distilled from pine sap. Boiled with pitch and tar, it was used to seal the seams of boats. | |
25 | 1771 Brought Over £ 986 17 3 Long Cloth vizt. 16 Ps. R. 49 2 14 Ps. L. 43 4 6 16 Ps. T. 23 14 3 9 Ps. U. 11 16 3 1 Ps. D. 4 13 3 Ps. S. 16 3 6 ½ Ps. No. 9 14 5 151 14 4 Corks 1 Gross 2 11 Serge vizt. 2 Ps. 10 Yds. Brown Fustain 5 4 11 6½ Yds. Blue Duffle 2 4 1¾ 11½ do. do. Serge 3 1 4 4½ do. Green do. 19 10¾ 11 7 5 Paint vizt. 5¾ Blue Smalts 11 4 30½ Indico 2 18 5½ 7 B. Blacking 6 1½ 1 Umber 2½ 147 Whiting 6 1½ 32 Pearl Colour 14 8 2 Red Lead 7 12 White do. dry 4 3 1½ Copperas 1 4½ 6 Yell. Oaker mixed 4 6 6 Stone Colour 3 6 ¼ Vermillion 1 6½ 1 oz. Prussian Blue 1 7 1 Yell. Oaker dry 2½ 5 14 1 Iron Ware vizt. 1 Stock Lock 3 2½ 8 Splinter do. 4 6 Iron Ware Carried Over Carried Over £ 1155 15 10 | The storekeeper's record of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from £986 17s 3d brought over. Brought over, £986 17s 3d Long cloth, grade R, 16 pieces, £49 2s 0d Long cloth, grade S, 14 pieces, £43 4s 6d Long cloth, grade T, 16 pieces, £25 14s 3d Long cloth, grade U, 9 pieces, £11 16s 3d Long cloth, grade [...], 1 piece, £4 13s 0d Long cloth, grade J, 3 pieces, £16 3s 6d Long cloth, number 9 grade, ½ piece, £0 14s 5d Total for long cloth, £151 14s 4d Corks, 1 gross, £0 2s 11d Brown fustian, 2 pieces and 10 yards, £5 1s 11d Blue duffle, 6½ yards, £2 4s 1½d Blue serge, 11½ yards, £3 1s 4d Green serge, 4½ yards, £0 19s 10¾d Total for serge and other woollens, £11 7s 3d Blue smalts, 5½ lb, £0 11s 4d Indigo, 30½ lb, £2 18s 5½d Blacking, 7 lb, £0 6s 1½d Umber, 1 lb, £0 0s 2½d Whiting, 147 lb, £0 6s 1½d Pearl-coloured paint, 32 lb, £0 14s 8d Red lead, 2 lb, £0 0s 7d Dry white lead, 12 lb, £0 4s 3d Copperas, 1½ lb, £0 1s 4½d Mixed yellow ochre, 6 lb, £0 4s 6d Stone-coloured paint, 6 lb, £0 3s 6d Vermilion, ¼ lb, £0 1s 6½d Prussian blue, 2 oz, £0 1s 7d Dry yellow ochre, 1 lb, £0 0s 2½d Total for paint, £5 14s 1d Stock lock, 1, £0 3s 2½d Spring locks, 5, £0 4s 6d Carried over, £1,155 15s 10d Interpretations Long cloth was a plain, unbleached cotton woven on the Coromandel coast of India in unusually long pieces, hence the name. The Company's warehouses graded it by letter marks according to fineness. The best grade on this page cost about three times as much a piece as the coarsest. At £151 14s 4d in a single quarter, it was the largest item sold apart from bread. Long cloth was the everyday shirting and sheeting of the island, cut and sewn locally. With the chelloes on the previous page, it shows that Indian cotton supplied most of the island's textiles. In England at this date, cotton was still a costly import, and most working people wore wool and linen. St Helena's position on the route home from India reversed that order. Fustian was a stout cloth woven with a linen warp and a cotton weft, used for working breeches and jackets. Duffle was a thick, napped woollen named after the town of Duffel near Antwerp, made into coats and blankets. Serge was a twilled worsted, tough enough for uniforms and outer clothing. The paints ran from cheap fillers to costly colours. Whiting was powdered chalk, the base of whitewash and putty. Smalts was ground blue glass coloured with cobalt. Copperas, or green vitriol, was an iron salt used both as a dye fixer and as a wood stain. Vermilion was a brilliant red made from mercury sulphide, which explains its high price by weight. Prussian blue had been discovered in Berlin only in the early eighteenth century and was among the first modern chemical pigments. Its appearance in the island's stores shows how quickly new manufactures reached even a remote Company outpost. A stock lock was a lock set in a wooden case and fitted to the face of an outside door. Spring locks fastened themselves when the door closed. | |
26 | 21st January Brought Over £ 1155 15 10 Iron Ware brought Over 1 Barrack door Lock with Brass Knobs 8 3 3 Pad do. 5 7½ 15 Pr. Sheep Shears 1 5 8 Spring Rat Traps 13 4 1 Curry Comb & Brush 2 8 Iron Shovels 2 1 Drill String 7 1 Set Jack Wheels 7 5 1 Flour Emery 1 11¼ 1 Small Jack 3 1 2 Jack Chains 3 10 1 do. Spit 6 4 ¼ Iron binding Wire 4¾ 6 Blank Keys 4 1½ 3 Plaistr. Sieves 15 7½ 18 Sythe Stones 1 10 1 Sythe 5 4½ 3 Pr. small Stealyards 18 9 1 doz. Wood Screws 4½ 1 Pr. Bellows 4 4 Plaistr. Trowels 7 4 3 Files 1 8¼ 8 Pick Axes 1 11 7 Ash Helves 4 6¼ 11 Mouse Traps 7 1¼ 1 Garden Hoe 1 3¼ 6 Pr. H. L. Hinges 13 1 Wood Ax 3 1½ 12¾ Iron Wire 10 7½ 1 Large Frying Pan 4 6 4 Sheets Emery Paper 6 2 Bricklayers Trowels 3 1 Sail Needle ½ 3 Hand Hatchets 5 6¾ Iron Ware Carr. over Carried over £ 1155 15 10 | The storekeeper's record carried forward £1,155 15s 10d and went on to list the ironware sold to the Company's servants. Brought over, £1,155 15s 10d Barrack door lock with brass knobs, 1, £0 8s 3d Padlocks, 3, £0 5s 7½d Sheep shears, 15 pairs, £1 5s 0d Spring rat traps, 8, £0 13s 4d Curry comb and brush, 1, £0 2s 0d Iron shovels, 8, £2 0s 0d Bull ring, 1, £0 0s 7d Jack wheels, 1 pair, £0 7s 5d Flour of emery, 1 lb, £0 1s 11¼d Small roasting jack, 1, £3 1s 0d Jack chains, 2, £0 3s 10d Jack spit, 1, £0 6s 4d Iron binding wire, ¾ lb, £0 0s 4¾d Blank keys, 6, £0 4s 1½d Plasterers' [...], 3, £0 15s 7½d Scythe stones, 12, £0 1s 10d Scythe, 1, £0 5s 11½d Small steelyards, 3 pairs, £0 18s 9d Wood screws, 1 dozen, £0 0s 4½d Bellows, 1 pair, £0 4s 0d Plasterers' trowels, 2, £0 7s 4d Files, 3, £0 1s 8¼d Pickaxes, 8, £1 11s 0d Pickaxe handles, 7, £0 4s 10½d Mousetraps, 11, £0 7s 1¼d Garden hoe, 1, £0 1s 5¼d H-hinges, 6 pairs, £0 13s 0d Wood axe, 1, £0 3s 1½d Iron wire, 12¾ lb, £0 10s 7½d Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 6d Emery paper, 4 sheets, £0 0s 6d Bricklayers' trowels, 2, £0 3s 0d Sail needle, 1, £0 0s 1½d Hand hatchets, 3, £0 5s 6¾d Carried over, £1,155 15s 10d Interpretations A roasting jack was a clockwork or weight-driven device that turned a spit before the fire. It was sold here with its spare wheels, chains and spit. At £3 1s 0d it was the dearest single item on the page and belonged in an officer's or prosperous planter's kitchen. Steelyards were balance arms with a sliding weight, used to weigh goods without a full set of weights. Selling three pairs to private buyers suggests trade in produce among the island's households. Scythe stones were whetstones for sharpening scythe blades. Flour of emery was finely ground abrasive used to polish metal, as was the emery paper. H-hinges took their name from their shape when opened, and were hung on cupboard and room doors. The sheep shears, scythe, hoe and bull ring show the farming side of the Company's servants. Many officials and soldiers also kept small holdings, and they bought their tools from the same stores that supplied the garrison. The rat traps and mousetraps reflect a constant struggle in a settlement whose stores of grain, flour and biscuit were a standing invitation to vermin. | |
27 | 1771 Brought Over £ 1155 15 10 Iron Ware brought Over 1 Maul 11 6½ 2 Chaffing Dishes 11 1 Iron Rubbish Riddle 7 8½ 1 Large Box Iron 9 10½ 5 Plate Iron 2 6 ¼ Brass Chair Nails 8½ 18 10 10 Cutlery ware vizt. 40 Ordy. Ivo. Combs 2 8 1 Fine do. do. 3 ½ 26 Buckling do. 8 8 7 Horn do. 1 7¼ 7 Shoe Knives 2 7½ 2 Budding do. 2 3½ 30 Stag Horn handle Knives & Forks 1 7 9¾ 12 Ivory do. do. & do. 1 12 10 6 do. desert do. do. & do. 13 8½ 22 Pr. Leather Garters 1 2 12 2 3 Deals vizt. 120 Double 22 10 116 Single 12 11 4 7 Baulks 3 8 10½ 2 Coffins 6 9½ 3 Ps. Riga Timber 7 2 9 2 Oak Planks 4 12 5 1 Ash do. 3 4 3½ 2 Elm Boards 8 10 2 Wainscot do. 14 6½ 54 19 11 Haberdashery vizt. 23 Ps. Tape 17 5½ 109 Sk. Silk 3 3 7 34 do. Mohair 17 Haberdashery Carried Over £ 4 18 ½ Carried Over £ 1237 8 10 | The storekeeper's record of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from £1,155 15s 10d brought over. Brought over, £1,155 15s 10d Maul, 1, £0 11s 6½d Chafing dishes, 2, £0 11s 0d Iron turbot kettle, 1, £0 7s 8½d Large box iron, 1, £0 9s 10½d Plate iron, 5 lb, £0 2s 6d Brass clout nails, ¼ lb, £0 0s 8½d Total for ironware, £18 10s 10d Ordinary ivory combs, 4, £0 2s 8d Fine ivory comb, 1, £0 3s 0½d Buckling combs, 26, £0 8s 8d Horn combs, 7, £0 1s 7½d Shoe knives, 7, £0 2s 7½d Budding knives, 2, £0 2s 3½d Horn-handled knives and forks, 30, £1 7s 9¾d Ivory-handled knives and forks, 12, £1 12s 10d Ivory-handled dessert knives and forks, 6, £0 13s 8½d Leather garters, 22 pairs, £1 2s 0d Total for cutlery and combs, £12 2s 3d Double deals, 120, £22 10s 0d Single deals, 116, £12 11s 4d Battens, 7, £3 8s 11½d Coffins, 2, £0 6s 9½d Riga timber, 3 pieces, £7 2s 9d Oak planks, 2, £4 12s 5d Ash plank, 1, £3 4s 3½d Elm boards, 2, £0 8s 10d Wainscot boards, 2, £0 14s 6½d Total for timber, £54 19s 11d Tape, 23 pieces, £0 17s 5½d Silk, 109 skeins, £3 3s 7d Mohair thread, 34 skeins, £0 17s 0d Haberdashery carried over, £4 18s 0½d Carried over, £1,237 8s 10d Interpretations Every plank on this page came from abroad. St Helena had lost most of its native woodland to goats and to cutting for fuel within a century of settlement, so building timber had to come in by ship. Deals were sawn planks of Baltic fir or pine, sold as single or double according to thickness. Riga timber was prized Baltic pine, straight-grained and resinous, shipped through the Latvian port and used where strength and length mattered, as in beams and masts. Wainscot was quarter-sawn oak from the Baltic. It was valued for panelling because it resisted warping. The 2 coffins sold from the timber stores recall the sawyers' work making cots and coffins in September 1770. The Company supplied the means of burial along with everything else, since a private carpenter could not readily obtain timber. The domestic goods show something of the households the stores supplied. Buckling combs were curved combs used to set the side curls of a wig. A box iron was a hollow smoothing iron heated by a hot iron slug placed inside it, which kept soot off the linen. Chafing dishes were small braziers for keeping food warm at table. A turbot kettle was a broad, shallow pan shaped to poach a whole flat fish. Ivory-handled knives and dessert sets point to officers' and senior officials' tables, as against the horn-handled sets of ordinary households. Budding knives were small blades for grafting fruit trees. Shoe knives were cutters for shaping leather, matching the sole leather sold on an earlier page. Mohair thread was spun from angora goat hair and used to work buttonholes and bind the edges of coats.
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28 | 21st January Brought over £ 1237 8 10 Haberdashery brought over £ 4 18 ½ 18 Yds. broad Gold lace 3 19 10½ 1½ do. Narrow do. 3 7¼ 1½ Whale Bone 9 11 2½ Gro. White Waistct. Buttons 6 6¾ 4½ Gro. Shirt do. 11 9½ 19 doz. Mohair C. do. 14 3 20 doz. do. Bt. do. 7 6 3½ doz. Gold Basket C. do. 2 4 7½ 7½ doz. do. Bt. do. 19 4½ ½ doz. Gilt Breast do. 4½ 1½ Gro. Horn Moulds 4 14 19 11 Shirts vizt. 51¼ Brown Holland 5 4 7½ 215 Soldiers Shirts 53 6 ½ ½ Ps. Irish Linnen 16 10 59 7 6 Turners ware vizt. 8 Plaistr. Brushes 8 2 6 Scrubbing do. 17 1½ 12 Shoe do. 10 3 Paint do. 1 7½ 2 Buckle do. 1 3 3 Brushes for Mahogany Tables 2 9 5 Hair Brooms 12 9¼ 1 Mop 1 4½ 1 Wood Bowl 1 2½ 5 Platters 6 8 19 Labourers Baskets 1 5 8½ 4 Punch Ladles 2 6 1 Basket 2 6½ 4 13 9 Books vizt. 2 Large Bibles 3 6 3 Common Prayer 16 4½ 1 Horn Book 1½ 3 17 Carried over £ 1320 7 | The storekeeper's record of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from £1,237 8s 10d brought over. Brought over, £1,237 8s 10d Haberdashery brought over, £4 18s 0½d Broad gold lace, 18 yards, £3 19s 10½d Narrow gold lace, 1½ yards, £0 3s 7¼d Whalebone, ½ lb, £0 9s 11d White waistcoat buttons, 2½ gross, £0 6s 6¾d Shirt buttons, 4½ gross, £0 11s 9½d Mohair coat buttons, 19 dozen, £0 14s 3d Mohair breast buttons, 20 dozen, £0 7s 6d Gold basket coat buttons, 3½ dozen, £2 4s 7½d Gold basket breast buttons, 7½ dozen, £0 19s 4½d Gilt breast buttons, ½ dozen, £0 0s 4½d Horn button moulds, 1½ gross, £0 4s 0d Total for haberdashery, £14 19s 11d Brown holland, 51¼ ells, £5 4s 7½d Soldiers' shirts, 215, £53 6s 7½d Irish linen, ½ piece, £0 16s 10d Total for shirts and shirting, £59 7s 6d Plasterers' brushes, 8, £0 8s 2d Sanding brushes, 6, £0 17s 1½d Shoe brushes, 12, £0 10s 0d Paint brushes, 3, £0 1s 7½d Bottle brushes, 2, £0 1s 3d Brushes for mahogany tables, 3, £0 2s 9d Hair brooms, 5, £0 12s 9¼d Mop, 1, £0 1s 4½d Wooden bowl, 1, £0 1s 2½d Platters, 5, £0 6s 8d Labourers' buckets, 19, £1 5s 8½d Punch ladles, 4, £0 2s 6d Flasket, 1, £0 2s 6½d Total for turned and wooden ware, £4 13s 9d Large Bibles, 2, £3 0s 6d Books of Common Prayer, 3, £0 16s 4½d Hornbook, 1, £0 0s 1½d Total for books, £3 17s 0d Carried over, £1,320 7s 0d Interpretations The 215 soldiers' shirts, sold for £53 6s 7½d, show that the garrison paid for its own linen. The shirts went to the men through the stores, and their cost was set against their pay. A soldier's wages therefore came back to the treasury through his own clothing. The Company did not issue shirts free; it sold them at the 10 per cent advance on cost. The broad gold lace and gold basket buttons served the other end of the garrison. These were the trimmings of officers' coats and waistcoats. Basket buttons were stamped with a woven, basket-like pattern. Gilt and gold buttons marked rank as clearly as the lace did. Horn button moulds were flat discs that tailors covered with cloth to make buttons to match a coat. Whalebone was the springy plate from the mouths of baleen whales, cut into strips to stiffen stays and bodices. Brown holland was unbleached linen, first made in the Netherlands, used for linings, aprons and window blinds. A flasket was a long, shallow two-handled basket for carrying linen or provisions. A hornbook was a child's first reading primer, a printed sheet of the alphabet and the Lord's Prayer mounted on a wooden board and covered with a thin layer of transparent horn. Its sale here, alongside Bibles and prayer books, points to children being taught to read in the households of the Company's servants, the same year the Council freed ground for a parish school. | |
29 | 1771 Brought Over £ 1320 7 Shoes vizt. 418 Pr. Mens Ordy. 105 7 5 3 Pr. do. Channel Pumps 19 9¾ 8 Pr. Womens Calimanco Shoes 1 14 6 Pr. do. Calf Leather do. 17 4 Pr. Girls Calimanco do. 13 4 6 Pr. do. Calf Leather do. 12 1 Pr. Boys do. 3 6¼ 110 8 4 Hosiers Ware vizt. 117 Pr. Mens Ordy. Th. Stockings 19 3 11 Pr. do. Wool do. 2 3 6½ 13 Pr. India Cotton do. 6 9½ 9 Black Worsted Breeches Ps. 4 7 9 1 do. Silk do. Ps. 1 5 6 2 Pr. Girls Stockings 4 4 33 2 2 Tin Ware vizt. 3 Watering Pots 9 11½ 8 Pudding Pans 8 10 2 Double Sheets Tin 1 6 1 Single do. 4½ 2 Gall. Sauce Pans with Covers 4 11½ 1 Globe Lamp 9 4¾ 1 15 China Ware vizt. 11 Sallad Dishes 9 2 1 Soup do. 6 6 11 Baking do. 12 6 3 Octagon Meat do. 19 6 42 do. Soup Plates 1 2 5½ 30 do. Meat do. 18 1½ 1 Set Octagon Dishes & Plates 1 10 8 8 Bowls 12 24 Sneakers 9 1 Chamb. Pot 2 4½ 1 Guglet & Bason 2 2½ 7 4 6 Carried Over £ 1472 17 | The storekeeper's record of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from £1,320 7s 0d brought over. Brought over, £1,320 7s 0d Men's ordinary shoes, 418 pairs, £105 7s 5d Men's channel pumps, 3 pairs, £0 19s 9¾d Women's calimanco shoes, 8 pairs, £1 14s 0d Women's calf leather shoes, 6 pairs, £0 17s 0d Girls' calimanco shoes, 4 pairs, £0 13s 4d Girls' calf leather shoes, 6 pairs, £0 13s 0d Boys' shoes, 1 pair, £0 3s 6¼d Total for shoes, £110 8s 4d Men's ordinary thread stockings, 117 pairs, £19 0s 3d Men's worsted stockings, 11 pairs, £2 3s 6½d Indian cotton stockings, 13 pairs, £6 0s 9½d Black worsted breeches pieces, 9, £4 7s 9d Silk breeches piece, 1, £1 5s 6d Girls' stockings, 2 pairs, £0 4s 4d Total for hosiery, £33 2s 2d Watering pots, 3, £0 9s 11½d Pudding pans, 8, £0 8s 10d Double mousetraps, 2, £0 1s 6d Single mousetrap, 1, £0 0s 4½d Two-gallon saucepans with covers, £0 4s 0½d Globe lamp, 1, £0 9s 4¾d Total for tinware, £1 15s 0d China salad dishes, 11, £0 9s 2d Large china salad dish, 1, £0 6s 6d China baking dishes, 11, £0 12s 6d Octagonal china meat dishes, 3, £0 19s 6d Octagonal china soup plates, 42, £1 2s 5½d Octagonal china meat plates, 30, £0 18s 1½d Set of octagonal china dishes and plates, 1, £1 10s 8d China bowls, 8, £0 12s 0d China sneakers, 24, £0 9s 0d China chamber pot, 1, £0 2s 4½d China guglet and basin, 1, £0 2s 7½d Total for china, £7 4s 6d Carried over, £1,472 17s 0d Interpretations The 418 pairs of men's ordinary shoes, costing £105 7s 5d, show the garrison wearing out its footwear on the island's steep roads and stony works at a remarkable rate. Like the shirts on the previous page, the shoes were sold, not issued, so a soldier paid for every pair from his wages. With the thread stockings, they came to well over £120 0s 0d in a single quarter, a large share of what the paymaster had paid out. The women's, girls' and boys' shoes and stockings show that the Company's servants were also buying for wives and children. The garrison was a community of families as well as a body of soldiers. Calimanco was a glossy woollen cloth with a satin weave. It was used for the uppers of women's and girls' shoes, which were lighter and cheaper than leather. Channel pumps were thin-soled dress shoes, in which the stitching of the sole was sunk into a groove so that it did not wear away. Breeches pieces were lengths of cloth cut to the measure of a pair of breeches, ready for a tailor to make up. Indian cotton stockings, like the chelloes and long cloth, came to the island from the Company's Indian trade. The china was mostly Chinese export porcelain brought home in the Company's ships, in the octagonal shapes then fashionable in England. Sneakers were small handleless cups or bowls, named after the "sneaker" of punch, a small measure drunk in company. A guglet was a long-necked earthenware or porcelain water bottle of Indian origin. Water kept in it stayed cool as moisture evaporated through the sides, and it stood in a basin to catch the drips. A globe lamp was a tin oil lamp fitted with a round glass shade, which burnt the train oil sold on an earlier page. | |
30 | 21st January Brought Over £ 1472 17 Beef & Pork vizt. 2796 Ps. Beef 279 12 3962 Pork 396 4 675 16 Glass Ware vizt. 12 Beer Glasses 11 9 6 Tumblers 3 1½ 1 Sq. Glass 11 by 17½ 1 5¾ 6 do. 10 by 12 7 3 18 do. 6 by 8 6 9 7 do. 10 by 15 9 5¾ 1 19 10 Pewter 3 Basons 12 11 Ticking vizt. 2½ Yds. Ticking 8 7 72½ Checked Linnen 5 5 8 5 14 3 Earthen Ware 3 Milk Pans 4 1 Broad Cloth vizt. 10¾ Yds. Scarlet 11 13 9¾ 15½ do. Blue 13 2 9½ 12⅞ do. Green 11 18 2½ 3⅞ do. Dark French Grey 3 16 4¾ 2⅞ do. Light Brown 2 10 5 1⅝ do. Buff 1 11 9½ 44 13 5 Camblet vizt. 6½ Yds. Blue 1 1 9½ 6½ do. Green 1 1 9½ 3⅞ do. Scarlet 14 11 2 18 6 Cart Wheels 1 Wheel Barrow 16 11 Braziers ware vizt. 2 three Qt. Kettles 1 7 2 1 Pr. Candlesticks 9 9 ¼ Brass Wire 2 6 1 19 5 Carried over £ 2207 12 4 | The storekeeper's record of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from £1,472 17s 0d brought over. Brought over, £1,472 17s 0d Salt beef, 2,796 pieces, £279 12s 0d Salt pork, 3,962 pieces, £396 4s 0d Total for beef and pork, £675 16s 0d Beer glasses, 12, £0 11s 9d Tumblers, 6, £0 3s 11½d Window glass, 11 by 17 inches, 1 square, £0 1s 5¾d Window glass, 10 by 12 inches, 6 squares, £0 7s 3d Window glass, 6 by 8 inches, 18 squares, £0 6s 9d Window glass, 10 by 13 inches, 7 squares, £0 9s 5¾d Total for glass, £1 19s 10d Pewter basins, 3, £0 12s 11d Ticking, 2½ yards, £0 8s 7d Checked linen, 72½ yards, £5 5s 8d Total for ticking and checked linen, £5 14s 3d Earthenware milk pans, 3, £0 4s 1d Scarlet broadcloth, 10¼ yards, £11 13s 9¾d Blue broadcloth, 15½ yards, £13 2s 9½d Green broadcloth, 12¾ yards, £11 18s 2½d Dark French grey broadcloth, 3½ yards, £3 16s 4¾d Light brown broadcloth, 2¾ yards, £2 10s 5d Buff broadcloth, 1⅞ yards, £1 11s 9½d Total for broadcloth, £44 13s 5d Blue camlet, 6½ yards, £1 1s 9½d Green camlet, 6½ yards, £1 1s 9½d Scarlet camlet, 3¾ yards, £0 14s 11d Total for camlet, £2 18s 6d Cart wheels and 1 wheelbarrow, £0 16s 11d Three-pint kettles, 2, £1 7s 2d Candlesticks, 1 pair, £0 9s 9d Brass wire, ¼ lb, £0 2s 6d Total for brass and copper ware, £1 19s 5d Carried over, £2,207 12s 4d Interpretations Salt beef and pork came to £675 16s 0d in a single quarter. That was larger than any other item in the storekeeper's record, bread included, and was more than four times the sum spent on fresh meat at the Company's table over the same three months. The meat came to the island in casks, salted in Ireland or England and cut into pieces of standard weight. It was sold to the Company's servants by the piece at 2s 0d each. The scale of the sale shows how little of the garrison's meat the island itself produced, even in a normal year. In the drought of 1770, with the herds dying and fresh beef rationed to the ships, salt provisions were what kept the soldiers and their families fed. Broadcloth was a fine, closely woven woollen, the standard cloth for gentlemen's and officers' coats. The colours on the list matched the island's uniforms and civil dress. Scarlet, blue and green were coat cloths, and buff was for waistcoats and breeches. Camlet was a lighter cloth woven from wool mixed with goat hair or silk, suited to the island's mild climate. Ticking was a tightly woven striped linen used to cover mattresses and pillows so that the feathers or straw did not work through. Checked linen was made into aprons, shirts and bed curtains, and much of it was worn by slaves and servants. | |
31 | 1771 Brought Over £ 2207 12 4 Blocks 2 Double with Brass Sheaves 11 4 Bunting vizt. 7 Yds. Blue 4 6½ 1 do. White 6½ 5 1 Nails vizt. lb. d. 18½ 2 18 6 7½ 3 14 7 263 4 9 10 77½ 6 2 12 5½ 41 10 1 1 4½ 42 20 18 4½ 61 40 1 5 5 1 Dog Nails 8¾ 3½ Glazg. Brads 6 5 1 Flooring do. 6¼ 16 15 2 Sailors Cloaths vizt. 1 Boys Shirt 3 1 1 do. Green Duffle Jacket 5 6 8 7 Saddles 1 with Furniture 5 8 2 £ 2231 8 Sold to the Planters at 25 pr. Cent Shalloon 2 Yards Coloured 7 Broad Cloth 3¼ Yds. Dark French Grey 3 15 2 Haberdashery vizt. ½ Gro. Shirt Buttons 1 6 3½ doz. Mohr. C. do. 2 6 2 Ps. Tape 1 5 5 5 Carried Over £ 4 9 7 | The storekeeper's record of goods sold to the Company's servants continued from £2,207 12s 4d brought over. Brought over, £2,207 12s 4d Double blocks with brass sheaves, 2, £0 11s 4d Blue bunting, 7 yards, £0 4s 6½d White bunting, 1 yard, £0 0s 6¾d Total for bunting, £0 5s 1d Twopenny nails, 18½ lb, £0 18s 6d Threepenny nails, 7½ lb, £0 14s 7d Fourpenny nails, 263 lb, £9 0s 10d Sixpenny nails, 77½ lb, £2 12s 5½d Tenpenny nails, 41 lb, £1 1s 4½d Twentypenny nails, 42 lb, £0 18s 4½d Fortypenny nails, 61 lb, £1 5s 5d Dog nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 8¾d Glazing brads, 3 lb, £0 6s 5d Flooring brads, 1 lb, £0 0s 6¼d Total for nails, £16 15s 2d Boy's sailor shirt, 1, £0 3s 1d Boy's green duffle sailor jacket, 1, £0 5s 6d Total for sailors' clothes, £0 8s 7d Saddle with its fittings, 1, £5 8s 2d Total sold to the Company's servants, £2,231 0s 8d The record then turned to goods sold to the planters at a 25 per cent advance. Coloured shalloon, 2 yards, £0 11s 0d Dark French grey broadcloth, 3¼ yards, £3 13s 2d Shirt buttons, ½ gross, £0 1s 6d Mohair coat buttons, 2½ dozen, £0 2s 6d Tape, 2 pieces, £0 1s 5d Total for haberdashery, £0 5s 5d Carried over, £4 9s 7d Interpretations The Company charged its own servants a 10 per cent advance on cost, but charged the planters 25 per cent. The gap was a deliberate privilege attached to Company service. It made the stores a form of hidden wage for officials, soldiers and artificers, and it kept the Company's cheapest goods from passing to the settlers. The result shows in the totals. The servants bought £2,231 0s 8d worth in the quarter, while the planters' purchases on this page came to a few pounds. At 25 per cent, the planters probably did better buying from the private traders on the homeward-bound ships. The Company's warehouses were therefore in effect a shop for its own people, not a general market for the island. Nails were sized by the old penny system, which once gave the price per hundred and by 1770 simply marked length. Twopenny nails were small tacks for light work, while fortypenny nails were heavy spikes for beams and framing. Dog nails had a projecting head for fixing hinges and ironwork. Brads were small nails with a slight lip for a head, which glaziers used to hold panes in their frames and carpenters sank flush in floorboards. Blocks with brass sheaves were pulleys whose wheels turned on brass instead of wood, to resist wear in heavy lifting. Bunting was a light worsted cloth woven for flags, and its blue and white lengths probably went into the island's signal flags. | |
32 | 21st January Brought Over £ 4 9 7 Shoes 1 Pr. Mens Ordy. 5 10 Shirts 3 Yds. B. Holland 6 11 Long Cloth 1 Ps. A. 3 10 Leather 5¼ Sole 8 6 Chelloes 2 Ps. 1 1 8 Ticking 18 Yds. Checked Linnen 1 9 7 Canvas 8 Yds. Ticklenburgs 6 7 Sold at 40 pr. Cent Sugar & Candy vizt. 384 Sugar 8 44 Candy 1 5 8 9 5 8 Flour 120 lb. 1 10 Pepper 3 lb. 1 6 Salt 1⅝ Bushl. 7 7 Twine 5 Sk. 4 4 Oil vizt. 6½ G. Train 1 9 10 1½ do. Linseed 8 7 1 18 5 Rice 2 14 8 3 Cordage 52 lb. 15 4 Pitch & Tar vizt. 16 lb. Rozin 4 4½ G. Tar 4 3 4 Pitch 9 9 Oars 1 5 6 Tea 1 Single 2 Candles 5 lb. 6 1 Iron Ware vizt. 3 Scythe Stones 9 1 Scythe 7 7 1 Iron Shovel 6 5 14 9 Carried Over £ 28 7 1 | The record of goods sold to the planters at a 25 per cent advance continued from £4 9s 7d brought over. Brought over, £4 9s 7d Men's ordinary shoes, 1 pair, £0 5s 10d Brown holland for shirts, 3 yards, £0 6s 11d Long cloth, grade A, 1 piece, £3 10s 0d Sole leather, 3¼ lb, £0 8s 6d Chelloes, 2 pieces, £1 1s 8d Checked linen, 18 yards, £1 9s 7d Tecklenburg canvas, 6 yards, £0 6s 7d A second group of goods went to the planters at a 10 per cent advance. Sugar, 384 lb, £8 0s 0d Sugar candy, 44 lb, £1 5s 8d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £9 5s 8d Flour, 120 lb, £1 10s 0d Pepper, 3 lb, £0 1s 6d Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 7s 7d Twine, 3 lb, £0 4s 4d Train oil, 6½ gallons, £1 9s 10d Linseed oil, 1½ gallons, £0 8s 7d Total for oil, £1 18s 5d Rice, 2 qr 14 lb, £0 8s 3d Cordage, 35 lb, £0 15s 4d Rosin, 16 lb, £0 4s 0d Tar, 4½ gallons, £0 4s 3d Pitch, 4 lb, £0 0s 9d Total for pitch, tar and rosin, £0 9s 0d Oar, 1, £0 5s 6d Singlo tea, [...], £0 2s 0d Candles, 2 lb, £0 6s 1d Scythe stones, 3, £0 0s 9d Scythe, 1, £0 7s 7d Iron shovel, 1, £0 6s 5d Total for ironware, £0 14s 9d Carried over, £28 7s 1d Interpretations The planters paid two different rates. Cloth, leather and clothing carried the 25 per cent advance. Food, salt, oil, cordage, tar and farm tools went at only 10 per cent, the same rate the Company charged its own servants. The split reflects a clear policy. Manufactured goods that the planters could buy elsewhere, or do without, earned the Company a full trading margin. Staples on which the island's food supply and farming depended were sold close to cost to everyone. In a year of drought, with the herds failing and the Council anxious about feeding the island and its shipping, keeping flour, rice, sugar and working tools cheap for the planters served the Company's own interest in a productive and fed settlement. | |
33 | 1771 Brought Over £ 28 7 1 Nails vizt. 6 20 3 4½ 4 6 3 3 1 4 10½ 7 6 Hooks & Lines vizt. 100 No. 1 Hooks 7 2½ 50 9 2 ¼ 12 2 Lines 2 5½ 6 3 2 10¾ 14 7 Deals vizt. 12 Double 2 17 9 2 Single 5 7 3 3 4 Tin ware 1 Watering Pot 4 Paint vizt. 2 Indico 5 ¼ Copperas 4 1 Bar. Blacking 1 1 6 Pearl Colour 3 6 9 11 Cuttlery ware vizt. 1 Ordy. Ivory Comb 1 8½ 1 Buckling do. 5½ 2 2 Turners ware 1 Punch Ladle 10 China ware 1 Tureen & dish 9 1 1 Sneeker 6 1 Baking Dish 1 7 11 2 £ 34 7 | The record of goods sold to the planters continued from £28 7s 1d brought over. Brought over, £28 7s 1d Twentypenny nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 4½d Sixpenny nails, 4 lb, £0 3s 3d Fourpenny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 10½d Total for nails, £0 7s 6d Fish hooks, number 1 size, 100, £0 7s 2½d Fish hooks, number 9 size, 50, £0 2s 0¼d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 12, £0 2s 5½d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 6, £0 2s 10¾d Total for hooks and lines, £0 14s 7d Double deals, 12, £2 17s 9d Single deals, 2, £0 5s 7d Total for deals, £3 3s 4d Tin watering pot, 1, £0 4s 0d Indigo, 2 lb, £0 5s 0d Copperas, ¼ lb, £0 0s 4d Blacking, 1 jar, £0 1s 1d Pearl-coloured paint, 6 lb, £0 3s 6d Total for paint, £0 9s 11d Ordinary ivory comb, 1, £0 1s 8½d Buckling comb, 1, £0 0s 5½d Total for combs, £0 2s 2d Punch ladle, 1, £0 0s 10d China tureen and dish, 1, £0 9s 1d China sneaker, 1, £0 0s 6d China baking dish, 1, £0 1s 7d Total for china, £0 11s 2d Total sold to the planters, £34 0s 7d | |
34 | 21st January Damaged Goods sold at Auction vizt. Blankets 2 Fine 16 Bunting vizt. 2 Yds. Red 2 do. Blue 2 Broad Cloth vizt. ¾ Yds. Scarlet 10 1 do. Buff 12 6 10½ do. Light Brown 6 6 7 8 6 Hosiers Ware vizt. 1 Pr. Mens Wool Stockings 3 Pr. Girls do. 3 6 Iron ware 26 Knots Cat Gut 1 8 Turners ware 1 Lab. Basket 9 Sailors Cloaths 6 Boys Jackets 11 Soldiers Cloaths 1 Pr. Matrosses Breeches 2 7 £ 9 9 2 Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31 December 1770 Arrack 97½ Gallons for Sundry Men employ'd in the Stores & Doctors Shop 16 5 Nails vizt. lb. d. 7 2 5 3 for the Slaughter House, Crane and Store use 5 11½ 16 4 3 9 20 6 10 6 10 11 3 4 20 2 9 6 40 1 7 2 3 Nails Carr. over £ 1 17 6¾ Carr. over £ 16 5 | The damaged goods auctioned during the quarter fetched the following sums. Fine blankets, 2, £0 16s 0d Red bunting, 2 yards, and blue bunting, 2 yards, £0 0s 2d Scarlet broadcloth, ¾ yard, £0 10s 0d Buff broadcloth, 1 yard, £0 12s 6d Light brown broadcloth, 10½ yards, £6 6s 0d Total for broadcloth, £7 8s 6d Men's stockings, 1 pair, and girls' stockings, 3 pairs, £0 3s 6d Catgut, 2 knots, £0 1s 8d Labourer's basket, 1, £0 0s 9d Boys' sailor jackets, 6, £0 11s 0d Matross's breeches, 1 pair, £0 2s 7d Total, £9 9s 2d The storekeeper then set out the stores issued for the Company's own use from 1 October to 31 December 1770 and charged to its general expenses. Arrack for various men employed in the stores and the doctor's shop, 97½ gallons, £16 5s 0d Nails, size [...], 7 lb, £0 5s 11¾d Threepenny nails, 5 lb, £0 3s 9d Fourpenny nails, 16 lb, £0 10s 0d Sixpenny nails, 20 lb, £0 11s 3d Tenpenny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 9d Twentypenny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 7d Fortypenny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 3d Nails carried over, £1 17s 6¾d Carried over, £16 5s 0d The nails went to the slaughterhouse, the barracks and the stores' own use. Interpretations The arrack issued to men in the stores and the doctor's shop was a daily allowance of spirits, part of the pay of men in Company employment. It was charged to general expenses, not sold, and the 97½ gallons came to more than the whole damaged-goods auction raised. Recording it under the stores' own consumption kept the cost visible to the Directors, separate from the arrack sold to servants and planters at a margin. A matross was a private soldier of the artillery who helped the gunners load, train and fire the guns. His breeches were part of a distinct uniform from the infantry's. Catgut was cord twisted from dried animal intestine, sold in coiled bundles called knots. It served for bowstrings for drills and lathes, for sewing up wounds in the doctor's shop, and for the strings of instruments. | |
35 | 1771 Brought over £ 16 5 Nails brought over £ 1 17 6¾ 17 Coopers Rivets for the Slaughter House, Crane, Coopers Shop & Stores 9 2½ 6 Spike Nails 1 10½ 6 Dog do. 3 10½ 1 Glazing Brads 1 8¾ 2 14 3 Twine vizt. 7 Sk. Twine 3 9 ¼ Cotton Wick Castle 1 8 5 5 Oil vizt. 39½ G. Train for the Castle, Lieu. Govr. House, Doctors and Smiths Shop 6 3 4 4 Bott. Florence 10 7 ⅞ Oil Turpentine 3 3 6 17 2 Candy 108 for the Govr. Gardener and Doctors Shop 2 5 Kersey 2 Yds. for the Doct. Shop 4 4 Sope 180 for Linnen 4 7 6 Starch 36½ do. 1 1 3 Coals 160 Bushls. for the Smiths Shop 7 6 8 Chelloes 3 Ps. for Rubbers for the Castle 1 6 Cordage 7½ for a Well Rope 2 4 Leather 2 lb. for the Crane 2 7 Iron 93 for the Slaughter House & Crane 19 2 Blankets 1 Ordy. Castle 5 10 Flannel 2 Yds. Doct. Shop 4 4 Corks 2 Gross Castle 7 10 Iron Ware vizt. 6 Stock Locks for ye. Slaughter House & Goal 17 6 12 Plate Iron 5 3 97 Files for the Smiths Shop 2 8 6 61 do. Hafts 5 1 22 Rubber Files 6 8 4 2 Bastard Rubbers 8 10 Iron Ware Carried Over Carried Over £ 46 13 5 | The stores issued for the Company's own use continued from £16 5s 0d brought over. Brought over, £16 5s 0d Nails brought over, £1 17s 6¾d Coopers' rivets, 17 lb, £0 9s 3½d Spike nails, 6 lb, £0 1s 10½d Dog nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 10½d Glazing brads, 1 lb, £0 1s 8¾d Total for nails, £2 14s 3d [...] twine, 7 lb, £0 3s 9d Cotton wick for the Castle, ¼ lb, £0 1s 8d Total for twine and wick, £0 5s 5d Train oil, 39½ gallons, £6 3s 4d Florence oil, 4 bottles, £0 10s 7d Oil of turpentine, ⅞ gallon, £0 3s 3d Total for oil, £6 17s 2d Sugar candy for the [...] and the doctor's shop, 108 lb, £2 5s 0d [...] for the doctor's shop, 2 yards, £0 4s 1d Soap for washing linen, 150 lb, £4 7s 6d Starch for washing linen, 36½ lb, £1 1s 3d Coal for the smiths' shop, 160 bushels, £7 6s 8d Chelloes for cleaning cloths at the Castle, 3 pieces, £1 6s 0d Cordage for a well rope, 7½ lb, £0 2s 4d Leather for the crane, 2 lb, £0 2s 7d Iron for the slaughterhouse and the crane, 93 lb, £0 19s 2d Ordinary blanket for the Castle, 1, £0 5s 10d Flannel for the doctor's shop, 2 yards, £0 4s 4d Corks for the Castle, 2 gross, £0 7s 10d Stock locks for the slaughterhouse and the gaol, 6, £0 17s 6d Plate iron for the slaughterhouse and the gaol, 12 lb, £0 5s 3d Files for the smiths' shop, 97, £2 8s 6d File handles for the smiths' shop, 6, £0 5s 1d Rubber files for the smiths' shop, 22, £6 8s 4d Bastard rubbers for the smiths' shop, 2, £0 8s 10d Carried over, £46 15s 5d The nails went to the slaughterhouse, the crane, the coopers' shop and the stores. The oils went to the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house, the doctor's shop and the smiths' shop. Interpretations Coal for the smiths' shop was the largest single charge on the page after the arrack, at £7 6s 8d for 160 bushels. Every bushel had to be shipped from Britain. With the island's woods long gone, there was no local charcoal for forging iron. The smiths who repaired gun carriages, made hinges and worked on the new slaughterhouse depended on fuel brought half the length of the Atlantic. The files reflect the same work. Rubber files were heavy, coarse-cut files for taking down rough iron. A bastard file had a middle grade of cut between the coarse and the smooth. Together they were the smith's main finishing tools, and they wore out quickly. The 150 lb of soap and 36½ lb of starch for linen show the Company laundering the Castle's table linen and bedding at its own cost. Pieces of chelloes cut into rubbers, or cleaning cloths, served the Castle's servants. Sugar candy for the doctor's shop was used to sweeten medicines and make syrups, as was usual in eighteenth-century dispensing. | |
36 | 21st January Brought Over £ 46 13 5 Iron Ware brought Over 3 Blank Keys Store use & Castle 1 10½ 1 Wood Ax for the Bake House 2 10 4 Ash Helves do. & Coopers Shop 2 4 1 Splinter Lock Castle 6 57 Rod Iron Smiths Shop 11 10½ 2 Spelter 4 3½ doz. Wood Screws 1 2 4 Spring Rat Traps Castle 6 1 Chest Lock 3 1 12 Hammer Helves 3 6 1 Smiths Standing Vice Smiths Shop 1 15 11 1 Flour Emery 7 1 Cupd. Lock Castle 2 10 1 Chafing Dish 5 15 1 5 Candles vizt. 180 Castle 120 Council 25 Doctors Shop 30 Chaplain 40 13 7 Paint 10 Blue Smalts Linnen 17 3½ 2 B. Blacking Castle 1 7½ 6 Whiting 1½ 6 Indico for Linnen 10 4½ 1 9 5 Long Cloth vizt. 1 Ps. L. for the Chaplain 4 18 2 Ps. T. for the Castle for Sheeting 2 13 6 1 Ps. U. 1 3 10 9 4 Braziers ware vizt. 17 Copper Plate for ye. Crane 1 5 1¾ 1 Pr. Steel Snuffers Castle 3 4¼ 1 8 6 Carried over £ 114 6 8 | The stores issued for the Company's own use continued from £46 13s 5d brought over. Brought over, £46 13s 5d Blank keys for the stores and the Castle, 3, £0 1s 10½d Wood axe for the bakehouse, 1, £0 2s 10d Axe handles for the bakehouse and the coopers' shop, 4, £0 2s 4d Spring lock for the Castle, 1, £0 0s 6d Rod iron for the smiths' shop, 57 lb, £0 11s 10½d Spelter for the smiths' shop, 2 lb, £0 4s 0d Wood screws, 3½ dozen, £0 1s 2d Spring rat traps for the Castle, 4, £0 6s 0d Chest lock for the Castle, 1, £0 3s 1d Hammer handles for the smiths' shop, 12, £0 3s 6d Smith's standing vice for the smiths' shop, 1, £1 15s 11d Flour of emery for the smiths' shop, ¼ lb, £0 7s 0d Cupboard lock for the Castle, 1, £0 2s 10d Chafing dish for the Castle, 1, £0 5s 0d Total for ironware, £15 1s 5d Candles for the Castle, 180 lb Candles for the Council, 120 lb Candles for the doctor's shop, 25 lb Candles for the chaplain, 30 lb Total for candles, £40 13s 7d Blue smalts for laundering linen, 10 lb, £0 17s 3½d Blacking for the Castle, 2 lb, £0 1s 7½d Whiting for the Castle, 6 lb, £0 0s 1½d Indigo for laundering linen, 6 lb, £0 10s 4½d Total for paint and blueing, £1 9s 5d Long cloth for the chaplain, grade L, 1 piece, £4 18s 0d Long cloth for sheeting at the Castle, grade T, 2 pieces, £2 18s 6d Long cloth for sheeting at the Castle, grade U, 1 piece, £1 3s 10d Total for long cloth, £9 0s 4d Copper plate for the engine, 17 lb, £1 5s 1½d Steel snuffers for the Castle, 1 pair, £0 3s 4¼d Total for copper and brass ware, £1 8s 6d Carried over, £114 6s 8d Interpretations Candles were the largest charge on the page, at £40 13s 7d for 355 lb in a quarter. Light for the Castle, the Council and the chaplain was a perquisite of office, paid for by the Company as part of the cost of government. The 120 lb set aside for the Council alone shows how much of its business, from consultations to the copying of the books, went on after dark. The chaplain's allowance of candles and a piece of fine long cloth were part of his maintenance, on top of his salary. The smalts and indigo were not paint here but laundry blue. Washerwomen added a little to the final rinse of white linen to counter yellowing and make it look whiter. Spelter was zinc, which smiths used with copper to make the brass solder for joining iron and copper parts. The copper plate for the engine was probably for repairing the fire engine, whose pumps and pipes needed copper that would not rust. A smith's standing vice was a heavy vice with a long leg set into the floor. It took the force of hammering without shifting, and it was the most costly single tool issued this quarter. | |
37 | 1771 Brought Over £ 114 6 8 Hooks & Lines vizt. 125 No. 1 Hooks for the Govr. and Lieu. Govr. Fishermen 6 4¾ 50 No. 12 do. 9 100 9 do. 2 10½ 50 16 do. 3¼ 36 2 Lines 10 6 6 3 do. 2 ½ 7 Log do. 7 1 9 10 Tin ware vizt. 2 Single Sheets Tin for tinning Castle Furniture 8 ½ Salammoniac 1 6 2 2 Turners ware vizt. 2 Plaisterers Brushes for ye. Bake House 2 7 Shoe do. Castle 5 3 2 Mops 2 6 1 Scrubbing do. 2 7 12 4 Pitch & Tar vizt. 1 lb. Rozin Castle 2 2 Pitch 3 5 Shirts 2 Ps. Irish Linnen for the Castle 3 1 3 Thread 1 Whited Brown do. 6 10 Haberdashery vizt. 2 Sk. Silk for the Govr. Fisherman 1 1 2 Ps. Tape Castle 1 2 2 3 Tea 6 Bohea for the Groom & Gardener 4 3 Lead vizt. 8 Sheet for the Fishermen 1 6 7 Small Shot Castle 1 4 2 10 Carried Over £ 120 8 10 | The stores issued for the Company's own use continued from £114 6s 8d brought over. Brought over, £114 6s 8d Fish hooks, number 1 size, 125, £0 6s 4¾d Fish hooks, number 12 size, 50, £0 0s 9d Fish hooks, number 9 size, 100, £0 2s 10½d Fish hooks, number 15 size, 50, £0 0s 3¼d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 36, £0 10s 6d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 6, £0 2s 0½d Log lines, 7, £0 7s 0d Total for hooks and lines, £1 9s 10d Single sheets of tin, 2, £0 0s 8d Sal ammoniac, ½ lb, £0 1s 6d Total for tinning materials, £0 2s 2d Plasterers' brushes for the bakehouse, 2, £0 2s 0d Shoe brushes for the Castle, 7, £0 5s 3d Mops for the Castle, 2, £0 2s 6d Scrubbing brush for the Castle, 1, £0 2s 7d Total for turned ware, £0 12s 4d Rosin for the Castle, 1 lb, £0 0s 2d Pitch for the Castle, 2 lb, £0 0s 3d Total for pitch and rosin, £0 0s 5d Irish linen for shirts at the Castle, 2 pieces, £3 1s 3d White and brown thread, 1 lb, £0 6s 10d Silk for the Governor's fishermen, 2 skeins, £0 1s 1d Tape for the Castle, 2 pieces, £0 1s 2d Total for haberdashery, £0 2s 3d Bohea tea for the [...] and the gardeners, [...], £0 4s 3d Sheet lead for the fishermen, 8 lb, £0 1s 6d Small shot for the Castle, 7 lb, £0 1s 4d Total for lead, £0 2s 10d Carried over, £120 8s 10d The hooks and lines went to the fishermen of the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor. The tin and sal ammoniac were used to re-tin the Castle's copper vessels. Interpretations The Governor and the Lieutenant Governor each kept fishermen, and the Company paid for their hooks, lines, silk and lead. Fresh fish for the two senior officers' tables was thus a perquisite of office, like the Castle's candles and linen. The fishermen were probably slaves or Company servants assigned to the work. In a year when beef was scarce, a steady catch kept the two principal households supplied at no cost to the officers themselves. Silk was used to whip hooks onto lines, and sheet lead was cut into sinkers. Sal ammoniac was ammonium chloride, a crystalline salt used as a flux when tinning. Copper pans and kettles had to be lined with tin, because acid food cooked in bare copper produced poisonous verdigris. Scouring the copper with sal ammoniac let molten tin bond to it. The Castle's cooking vessels needed this renewal regularly, and the Company bore the cost. | |
38 | 21st January Brought over £ 120 8 10 Canvas vizt. 3 Yds. English Canvas Castle 3 11 2 Yds. Osenbrigs for mak. Cash Bags 1 9 5 8 Deals 9 Double for the Store & Crane 1 10 7 £ 122 6 1 Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st October to 31st December 1770 Paint vizt. 30 Red Lead for paintg. ye. Castle, Lieu. Governors House and Plant. House 7 6 16¾ Umber 2 9½ 18 Barl. Black 14 3 471 Whiting 9 10 25 White L. mixd. 9 4½ 128 Stone Colour 3 6 8 1 Copperas 1¼ 7 oz. Prussian Blue 10 4¼ 10 Stone Oaker dry 4 7 100 Yell. do. 18 9 7 5 1 Oil vizt. 29¼ G. Linseed paintg. Castle, Lieu. Gov. & Pt. House 5 18 3 2⅜ Oil of Turpentine 9 2 6 7 5 Turners ware vizt. 20 Paint Brushes do. 9 7 7 Plaist. do. 7 2 Birch Brooms 10 17 5 Twine 2 Sk. for ye. Castle & L. Govr. House 1 1 Iron 26 lb. 5 5 Carried Over £ 14 16 5 | The stores issued for the Company's own use continued from £120 8s 10d brought over. Brought over, £120 8s 10d English canvas for the Castle, 3 yards, £0 3s 11d [...] for making cash bags, 2 yards, £0 1s 9d Total for canvas, £0 5s 8d Double deals for the stores and the crane, 9, £1 10s 7d Total charged to general expenses, £122 6s 1d The storekeeper next listed the stores issued for repairs from 1 October to 31 December 1770. The paint and oil went to painting the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the Plantation House. Red lead, 30 lb, £0 7s 6d Umber, 16½ lb, £0 2s 9½d [...] black, 18 lb, £0 14s 3d Whiting, 471 lb, £0 9s 10d Mixed white lead, 25 lb, £0 9s 4½d Stone-coloured paint, 128 lb, £3 6s 8d Copperas, 1 lb, £0 0s 11¼d Prussian blue, 7 [...], £0 10s 4¼d Dry ochre, 10 lb, £0 4s 7d Yellow ochre, 110 lb, £0 18s 9d Total for paint, £7 5s 1d Linseed oil, 29¼ gallons, £5 18s 3d Oil of turpentine, 2½ gallons, £0 9s 2d Total for oil, £6 7s 5d Paint brushes, 20, £0 9s 7d Plasterers' brushes, 7, £0 7s 0d Birch brooms, 2, £0 0s 10d Total for brushes and brooms, £0 17s 5d Twine for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 2 lb, £0 1s 11d Iron, 26 lb, £0 5s 5d Carried over, £14 16s 5d Interpretations The storekeeper kept repairs as a separate head from general charges. The Directors could therefore see what the upkeep of the Company's buildings cost, apart from the daily running of the Castle and its offices. That distinction mattered after the Council's revaluation of 29 October 1770, which first entered the Lieutenant Governor's house in the general books as Company property. Its repainting now appeared against an asset the books recognised. The quantities show a full repainting of three principal buildings. Whiting, at 471 lb, was mixed with size and water into distemper for interior walls and ceilings. Stone colour and yellow ochre were the main exterior paints, ground in linseed oil. They gave the Castle and the Plantation House the pale stone finish fashionable for English country houses of the period. Umber was a brown earth pigment from Cyprus, used to tone the stone colour or to grain woodwork. Red lead served as a priming coat on iron and timber to prevent rust and rot. Cash bags of stout canvas held the coin counted each month in the treasury. | |
39 | 1771 Brought Over £ 14 16 5 Nails vizt. lb. d. 9 2 for the Castle & Plant. House 7 8½ 1 3 9 13 4 8 1½ 25 6 14 ¾ 24 10 11 5 20 1 11¾ 10 40 3 9 2 Bar. Tacks 8 1 Glaz. Brads 1 8¾ 2 9 9 Glass ware vizt. 16 Sq. 11 by 17½ do. 1 1 4 3 do. 10 by 12 3 3 4 do. 12½ by 13½ 5 4 6 do. 10¾ by 13½ 8 12 do. 6 by 8 4 2 1 11 Bunting 10 Yds. Blue Castle 5 10 Cordage 5 lb. do. 1 7 Sope 3 lb. do. 1 9 Iron ware vizt. 2 Lock Locks Castle & Lieu. Govr. House 5 10 1 Plaistr. Trowel 1 8 1 Blank Key 7½ 2 Bricklayers Trowels 2 8½ 1 B. Door Lock with brass Knobs 7 6 1 Pr. H. L. Hinges do. 2 1 4 Lines 6 No. 2 for the Castle 1 9 Cart Wheels 2 Wheel Barrows Lt. Govr. House 1 10 Deals vizt. 19 Single repairs for the Castle and Lieu. Govr. House 1 17 2½ 8 Double 6 7 2¼ 3 Bundl. Laths 3 3½ 5 Baulks 2 4 9½ 3 12 6 £ 27 12 8 | The stores issued for repairs continued from £14 16s 5d brought over. Brought over, £14 16s 5d Nails, size [...], 9 lb, £0 7s 8½d Threepenny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d Fourpenny nails, 13 lb, £0 8s 1½d Sixpenny nails, 25 lb, £0 14s 0¾d Tenpenny nails, 24 lb, £0 11s 0d Twentypenny nails, 5 lb, £0 1s 11¾d Fortypenny nails, 10 lb, £0 3s 9d [...] tacks, 2 lb, £0 0s 8d Glazing brads, 1 lb, £0 1s 8¾d Total for nails, £2 9s 9d Window glass, 11 by 17½ inches, 16 squares, £1 1s 4d Window glass, 10 by 12 inches, 3 squares, £0 3s 3d Window glass, 14½ by 13½ inches, 4 squares, £0 5s 4d Window glass, 10¼ by 13½ inches, 6 squares, £0 8s 0d Window glass, 6 by 8 inches, 12 squares, £0 4s 0d Total for glass, £2 1s 11d Blue bunting for the Castle, 10 yards, £0 5s 10d Cordage for the Castle, 5 lb, £0 1s 7d Soap for the Castle, 3 lb, £0 1s 9d Stock locks, 2, £0 5s 10d Plasterer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 8d Blank key, 1, £0 0s 7½d Bricklayers' trowels, 2, £0 2s 8½d Door lock with brass knobs, 1, £0 7s 6d H-hinges, 1 pair, £0 2s 0d Total for ironware, £1 0s 4d Fishing lines, number 2 size, for the Castle, 6, £0 1s 9d Cart wheels and 2 wheelbarrows for the Lieutenant Governor's house, £0 7s 10d Single deals, 19, £1 17s 2½d Double deals, 8, £1 7s 2¼d Laths, 3 bundles, £0 3s 4½d Battens, 5, £2 4s 9½d Total for timber, £5 12s 6d Total for repairs, £27 12s 8d The nails and glass went to the Castle and the Plantation House. The ironware and timber went to repairs at the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house. | |
40 | 21st January Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st October to 31 December 1770 Flour 1564 lb. 13 8 Pease 1 Bushl. 7 8 Arrack 124 Gall. 20 13 4 Beef & Pork vizt. 20 Ps. Beef 3 7 1 52 Ps. Pork 6 1 4 9 8 5 Salt 3 Bushels 9 Oil 6 Bottles Florence 15 11 Rice 5 lb. 1 17 8 Tea vizt. 22 Single 1 9 4 11 Bohea 7 9 1 17 1 Candy 380 lb. 7 10 £ 56 10 9 Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st Oct. to the 31st December 1770 Oil 147 G. for the Barracks & several Guards 23 17 9 Tea 107½ Bohea do. 3 16 3 Candles 44 for Officers on Duty 5 10 Iron ware vizt. 2 Hand Hatchets for ye. Barracks & sevl. Guards 3 4½ 1 Large Fryg. Pan 4 4½ 5 Stock Locks 14 7 4 Ash Helves 2 4 1 4 5 Pork 287 for an Invalid & deficiency in Wt. in servg. the Garrison 28 16 4 Nails vizt. lb. d. 6 2 5 4½ 25 3 for Cots 18 9 Nails carr. over £ 1 3 10½ Carr. over £ 62 15 6 | The storekeeper then set out the stores issued for the Company's table from 1 October to 31 December 1770. Flour, 15 cwt 1 qr, £13 0s 8d Pease, 1 bushel, £0 7s 8d Arrack, 124 gallons, £20 13s 4d Salt beef, 20 pieces, £3 7s 1d Salt pork, 52 pieces, £6 1s 4d Total for beef and pork, £9 8s 5d Salt, 3 bushels, £0 9s 0d Florence oil, 6 bottles, £0 15s 11d Rice, 4 cwt, £1 17s 8d Singlo tea, [...], £1 9s 4d Bohea tea, [...], £0 7s 9d Total for tea, £1 17s 1d Sugar candy, 300 lb, £7 10s 0d Total for the table, £56 10s 9d The stores issued to the garrison over the same period were as follows. Oil for the barracks and the guards, 147 gallons, £23 17s 9d Bohea tea for the barracks and the guards, 10¾ lb, £3 16s 3d Candles for officers on duty, 44 lb, £5 0s 10d Hand hatchets for the barracks and the guards, 2, £0 3s 4½d Large frying pan for the barracks and the guards, 1, £0 4s 4½d Stock locks for the barracks and the guards, 5, £0 14s 7d Axe handles for the barracks and the guards, 4, £0 2s 4d Total for ironware, £1 4s 5d Salt pork for an invalid and to make up short weight in the garrison's rations, 287 pieces, £28 16s 4d Twopenny nails for the cots, 6 lb, £0 5s 4½d Threepenny nails for the cots, 25 lb, £0 18s 9d Nails carried over, £1 3s 10½d Carried over, £62 15s 6d Interpretations The pork issued to make up short weight shows how the garrison's meat ration worked. Each soldier was entitled to a fixed weight of salt meat. The casks were packed in Europe in pieces of nominal weight, and the meat shrank as brine drained off over the long voyage and the months in store. When the pieces were served out, they fell short of the soldiers' entitlement. The Company made up the difference from its stores at its own cost, and in this quarter that cost came to 287 pieces worth £28 16s 4d. Charging it openly to the garrison account kept the loss from falling on the storekeeper, and it protected the Company from complaints that its soldiers were being cheated of their rations. The diet account recorded what the Company's table took from the stores, on top of the fresh provisions bought for it each month. The arrack alone, at 124 gallons, came to £20 13s 4d for the quarter. Taken together with the wine and arrack on the monthly table accounts for October and November 1770, it confirms that drink was the heaviest single cost of the Governor's public table. | |
41 | 1771 Brought over £ 62 15 6 Nails brought over £ 1 3 10½ 4 4 for Banks's Guard House & repairing Cots 2 6 10 6 5 7½ 4 10 1 10 1 13 10 Deals vizt. 35 Double for do. & do. 5 13 10 5 Single 9 10 6 8 8 Arrack 12 Gall. Sold. Mustering 2 Twine 2 Sk. for making Cots 1 1 Blankets 2 Ordy. for Recruits 11 8 Turners ware vizt. 2 Wood Bowls for ye. Out Guards 2 2 2 do. Platters 2 5 4 7 Glass ware vizt. 3 Sq. 11½ by 18 for the Barracks 6 9 1 Hour Glass for out Guards 8 7 5 Haberdashery vizt. ¼ Gro. Broad Worsted Lace for Lacg. Waistcts. 3 10½ ¼ do. narrow do. do. 3 1½ 7 Canvas 2 Ps. English for Cots 5 2 4 Soldiers Cloaths vizt. 1 Sold. Ct. & Breeches for Recruits 1 9 7 1 Matrosses do. & do. 2 1 11 3 11 6 Shirts 2 Soldiers do. 9 Shoes 2 Pr. Mens Ordy. do. 9 4 Hosiers ware 2 Pr. Mens Ordy. Th. Stockings 5 11 Tin Ware 2 Lanthorn Leaves out Guards 4 Lines 12 No. 2 for making Whips 3 6 £ 84 11 8 | The stores issued to the garrison continued from £62 15s 6d brought over. Brought over, £62 15s 6d Nails brought over, £1 3s 10½d Fourpenny nails, 4 lb, £0 2s 6d Sixpenny nails, 10 lb, £0 5s 7½d Tenpenny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 10d Total for nails, £1 13s 10d Double deals, 35, £5 13s 10d Single deals, 5, £0 9s 10d Total for deals, £6 3s 8d Arrack issued at the muster, 12 gallons, £2 0s 0d Twine for making cots, 2 lb, £0 1s 1d Ordinary blankets for recruits, 2, £0 11s 8d Wooden bowls for the outguards, 2, £0 2s 2d Wooden platters for the outguards, 2, £0 2s 5d Total for turned ware, £0 4s 7d Window glass for the barracks, 11½ by 18 inches, 3 squares, £0 6s 9d Hourglass for the outguards, 1, £0 0s 8d Total for glass, £0 7s 5d Broad worsted lace for hats and binding, ¼ gross, £0 3s 10½d Narrow worsted lace for hats and binding, ¼ gross, £0 3s 1½d Total for haberdashery, £0 7s 0d English canvas for cots, 2 pieces, £5 2s 4d Soldier's coat and breeches for a recruit, 1 set, £1 9s 7d Matross's coat and breeches for a recruit, 1 set, £2 1s 11d Total for soldiers' clothing, £3 11s 6d Soldiers' shirts for recruits, 2, £0 9s 0d Men's ordinary shoes for recruits, 2 pairs, £0 9s 4d Men's ordinary thread stockings for recruits, 2 pairs, £0 5s 11d Horn leaves for lanterns at the outguards, 2, £0 0s 4d Fishing lines, number 2 size, for making whips, 12, £0 3s 6d Total for the garrison, £84 11s 8d The nails and deals went to Banks's guard house and to repairing the soldiers' cots. Interpretations Recruits received their first coat, breeches, shirt, shoes, stockings and blanket free of charge, issued from the stores and charged to the garrison account. Serving soldiers paid for their replacements, as the sales of 418 pairs of shoes and 215 shirts in the same quarter show. The free first kit put a newcomer into uniform at once, before he had earned any pay. From then on the cost of keeping himself clothed fell on him through the stores. An hourglass at the outguards timed the sentries' watches. The guard posts at the landing places and on the heights lay far from the Castle's bells, so the sand glass told the corporal when to change the sentries. Horn leaves were thin translucent plates of horn set in lanterns in place of glass. They were cheaper and did not shatter when a lantern was knocked over on a dark parapet. Whips were light tackles made from line and a single block for hoisting small loads, here probably used to raise stores up to the guard posts. The arrack issued at the muster was a customary dram served to the men when the garrison paraded for its periodic inspection and roll call. | |
42 | 21st January Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st October to the 31st December 1770 Arrack 328½ Gall. 54 13 4 Beef & Pork vizt. 1657 Ps. Beef 277 17 10¼ 1356 Ps. Pork 146 10 8¾ 424 8 7 Cordage 22 lb. for the Black Square 6 11 Oil 4½ G. Train for the Sick Blacks 14 8 Pepper 7 lb. 3 6 Salt ½ Bushl. do. 1 6 Tea 121 Bohea 4 5 8 Sugar 311 lb. 3 18 6 Sope 8 for the Lt. Govr. Servants 4 8 Shoes vizt. 51 Pr. Mens Ordy. for the Artificers and Women 11 16 11 13 Pr. Womens Calf 1 18 9 13 15 8 Nails vizt. 7 4 for the Hospital 4 4 12 40 4 6 8 10 Long Cloth ½ Ps. No. 9 for Lying in Women 4 5 Flour 6 lb. for the Sick 1 Iron ware vizt. 1 Lock Lock for the Black Square 2 11 1 Blank Key 8 3 7 Rice 173 3 1 92 15 4 £ 596 6 2 Mallays Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st October to the 31st December 1770 Rice 462 lb. 1 18 8 Beef 38 Ps. 6 7 6 Arrack 12¾ Gall. 2 9 2 Carried Over £ 10 15 4 | The storekeeper next set out the stores issued for the Company's slaves from 1 October to 31 December 1770. Arrack, 328 gallons, £54 13s 4d Salt beef, 1,657 pieces, £77 17s 10¼d Salt pork, 1,256 pieces, £46 10s 8¾d Total for beef and pork, £124 8s 7d Cordage for the black guard, 22 lb, £0 6s 11d Train oil for the sick slaves, 4½ gallons, £0 14s 8d Pepper for the sick slaves, 7 lb, £0 3s 6d Salt for the sick slaves, ½ bushel, £0 1s 6d Bohea tea, [...], £1 5s 8d Sugar, [...], £3 18s 6d Soap for the Lieutenant Governor's [...], 8 lb, £0 4s 8d Men's ordinary shoes for the artificers, 51 pairs, £11 16s 11d Women's calf leather shoes for the women, 15 pairs, £1 18s 9d Total for shoes, £13 15s 8d Nails, size [...], for the hospital, 7 lb, £0 4s 4d Fortypenny nails for the hospital, 12 lb, £0 4s 6d Total for nails, £0 8s 10d Long cloth, number 9 grade, for women in childbirth, ½ piece, £0 4s 5d Flour for the sick, 6 lb, £0 1s 0d Stock lock for the black guard, 1, £0 2s 11d Blank key for the black guard, 1, £0 0s 8d Total for ironware, £0 3s 7d Rice, 173 cwt 3 qr 1 lb, £92 15s 4d Total for the slaves, £396 6s 2d A separate account covered the stores issued to the Malays over the same period. Rice, 4 cwt [...], £1 18s 8d Salt beef, 38 pieces, £6 7s 6d Arrack, 14¾ gallons, £2 9s 2d Carried over, £10 15s 4d Interpretations The account shows what the Company's slaves were fed beyond the yams grown at the plantation. Rice and salt meat made up the bulk of the ration. Close to 3,000 pieces of beef and pork went to them in a quarter, more than the 287 pieces needed to make up the garrison's short weight. The 328 gallons of arrack were part of the regular allowance. Spirits were issued as a ration to slaves doing heavy labour on the works, much as they were to soldiers and seamen. The allowance also served as an inducement, since it could be granted or withheld at the overseers' discretion. Shoes went only to the artificers and to the women. The skilled slaves, the smiths, masons and carpenters, needed protected feet for work on stone and iron, while field and labouring slaves went barefoot. The long cloth for women in childbirth, with the oil, pepper, salt and flour set aside for the sick, show the Company providing for the health of its slaves. Its interest was economic as well as humane. Every slave child born on the island, like James Plato in the plantation account for the same quarter, added to the Company's labour force without the cost of buying in. The Malays were kept on a separate account. They were slaves brought from the Company's eastern settlements, probably from Bencoolen in Sumatra or the Malay archipelago. Keeping their rations apart suggests that they lived and worked as a distinct group, perhaps on different duties or under separate overseers. Their ration was richer in rice than in meat, reflecting the diet of their homeland. | |
43 | 1771 Brought over £ 10 15 4 Tea vizt. 8 Bohea 5 8 4 Single 5 4 11 Sope 20 lb. 11 8 Candles 18 lb. 2 1 3 Salt ⅛ Bushel 1 6 Pepper 4 lb. 2 Oil 4 Bottles Florence 10 7 Paint 2 Indico 3 6 Ticking 4 Yds. checked Linnen 5 3 Flour 54 lb. 9 Starch 2 lb. 1 2 Sugar & Candy vizt. 112 Sugar 1 8 6 Candy 2 6 1 10 6 £ 17 2 9 Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st October to the 31st December 1770 Rice & Paddy vizt. 752 Rice the Overseers & Poultry 4 3 7 10062 Paddy for Horses & do. 20 11 10 24 15 5 Beef & Pork vizt. 15 Ps. Beef for the Overseers 2 10 4 2 Ps. Pork for Shaking Goats 4 8 2 15 Twine 3 Skains for tying the Arbour 1 7 Cordage 41 lb. 13 Iron 88 for Plant. & Pasture Gates 18 4 Carried Over £ 29 3 4 | The Malays' account continued from £10 15s 4d brought over. Brought over, £10 15s 4d Bohea tea, 8 [...], £0 5s 8d Singlo tea, 4 [...], £0 5s 4d Total for tea, £0 11s 0d Soap, 20 lb, £0 11s 8d Candles, 18 lb, £2 1s 3d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 6d Pepper, 4 lb, £0 2s 0d Florence oil, 4 bottles, £0 10s 7d Indigo, 2 [...], £0 3s 6d Checked linen, 4 yards, £0 5s 3d Flour, 54 lb, £0 9s 0d Starch, 2 lb, £0 1s 2d Sugar, 1 cwt, £1 8s 0d Sugar candy, 6 lb, £0 2s 6d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £1 10s 6d Total for the Malays, £17 2s 9d The stores issued to the Company's plantation from 1 October to 31 December 1770 were as follows. Rice for the sows and poultry, 7 cwt 3 qr 2 lb, £4 3s 7d Unhusked rice for the horses, 40 cwt [...], £20 11s 10d Total for rice and unhusked rice, £24 15s 5d Salt beef for the invalids, 15 pieces, £2 10s 4d Salt pork for catching goats, 2 pieces, £0 4s 8d Total for beef and pork, £2 15s 0d Twine for tying the arbours, 3 skeins, £0 1s 7d Cordage for tying the arbours, 41 lb, £0 13s 0d Iron for the plantation and pasture gates, 55 lb, £0 18s 4d Carried over, £29 3s 4d Interpretations The Malays received goods no ordinary slave ration included: tea of two grades, Florence oil, candles, starch for linen and sugar candy. These were the supplies of a household of some standing. The Malays were perhaps exiles or prisoners sent from the Company's eastern settlements and maintained on the island at its expense, rather than labourers. Keeping their account separate from the slaves', and stocking it with comforts, suggests the Company treated them as persons of rank held under restraint. The plantation fed its horses on unhusked rice, more than 40 cwt in a quarter. With the pasture parched by two dry years, imported grain stood in for grass, and the cost of £20 11s 10d made the horses dearer to keep than the sows and poultry by a wide margin. The pork for catching goats was rations for the men sent out to round up the wild herds on the uplands, the same animals the gunners were shooting with lead ball from the artillery stores. | |
44 | 21st January Brought over £ 29 3 4 Iron ware vizt. 14 Ash Helves for Plantatn. Gardens & Stables 8 2 3 Sheets Emery paper 3¼ 36 Sythe Stones 6 9 3 Pick Axes 10 6 6 Spades 1 2 6 1 Dutch Hoe 2 10½ 3 Garden Rakes 6 10¼ 6 Sythes 1 12 6 6 Garden Hoes 7 9 6 Helves for do. 3 10½ 1 Pad Lock 1 8 5 3 10 Tin ware 6 Watering Pots for Gardens 18 Earthen ware 6 Milk Pans for the Dairy 7 6 Tar 3 Galls. for Carts 2 3 Nails 4 lb. for the Garden 2 6 Cutlery 12 Pruning Knives do. 13 6 Oil ¼ Linseed for the Stables 1 Sadlery 2 Cruppers do. 7 Turners ware vizt. 8 Birch Brooms for the Gardens 3 4 1 Tubmans Yoke do. Stables 1 6 1 Skimming Dish do. Dairy 3½ 1 Butchers Tray do. Longwood 1 5½ 6 7 Deals 1 Single Garden 1 11 £ 37 7 5 Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st October to the 31st December 1770 Sugar 403 lb. 5 9 Flour 403 3 7 2 Rice 403 1 13 11 Carried Over £ 10 1 10 | The plantation account continued from £29 3s 4d brought over. Brought over, £29 3s 4d Axe handles, 14, £0 8s 2d Emery paper, 3 sheets, £0 0s 3¾d Scythe stones, 36, £0 6s 9d Pickaxes, 3, £0 10s 6d Spades, 6, £1 2s 6d Dutch hoe, 1, £0 2s 10½d Garden rakes, 3, £0 6s 0¾d Scythes, 6, £1 12s 6d Garden hoes, 6, £0 7s 9d Handles for the garden hoes, 6, £0 3s 10½d Padlock, 1, £0 1s 8d Total for ironware, £5 3s 10d Watering pots for the gardens, 6, £0 18s 0d Earthenware milk pans for the dairy, 6, £0 7s 6d Tar for the carts, 3 gallons, £0 2s 3d Nails for the garden, 4 lb, £0 2s 6d Pruning knives for the garden, 12, £0 13s 6d Linseed oil for the stables, ½ gallon, £0 1s 0d Cruppers for the stables, 2, £0 7s 0d Birch brooms for the gardens, 8, £0 3s 4d [...] for the stables, 1, £0 1s 6d Churning stick for the dairy, 1, £0 0s 3½d Butcher's tray for Longwood, 1, £0 1s 5½d Total for turned ware, £0 6s 7d Single deal for the garden, 1, £0 1s 11d Total for the plantation, £37 7s 5d The ironware went to the plantation, the gardens and the stables. The storekeeper then began the account of stores issued to the hospital from 1 October to 31 December 1770. Sugar, [...], £5 0s 9d Flour, [...], £3 7s 2d Rice, [...], £1 13s 11d Carried over, £10 1s 10d Interpretations The plantation and its gardens drew six scythes, 36 scythe stones, spades, hoes, rakes and a dozen pruning knives in a single quarter. That is the equipment of a working farm and market garden, not of an ornamental estate. The Company's gardens grew the vegetables and fruit that supplied the Castle's table and, in season, the ships in the road. The pruning knives and the arbours tied up with cordage point to fruit trees and vines trained on frames. The dairy's milk pans and churning stick belonged to the butter-making that the drought had brought almost to a halt by December 1770. A Dutch hoe was pushed rather than pulled, slicing weeds just below the surface without turning the soil. Cruppers were the leather loops that passed under a horse's tail to keep the saddle or harness from slipping forward. They were essential on the island's steep roads. | |
45 | 1771 Brought over £ 10 1 10 Oil 17⅞ G. Train 2 16 11 Tea 52 Bohea 1 16 10 Salt 2⅛ Bushl. 6 5 Twine ⅞ Cotton Wick 7 Iron ware 2 Ash Helves 1 2 China ware 12 Sneakers 4 Turners ware vizt. 1 Butchers Tray 1 5½ 2 Birch Brooms 10½ 2 4 £ 15 10 1 Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st Oct. to the 31 December 1770 Iron 24 lb. 5 Lead 26½ Sheet 4 11 Arrack 9 Galls. Men haul. up & launch. Long Boats 1 10 Leather 57½ Sole 3 13 7 Twine 5 Skaines 2 8 Cordage 1040 lb. 16 5 Turners ware vizt. 2 Paint Brushes 11½ 1 Scrubg. do. 2 7 2 Birch Brooms 10½ 4 5 Paint vizt. 25 Whiting 6½ 6 Red Lead 1 6 10 Stone Colour 5 2½ 4 Yell. Oaker dry 9½ 8 Oil vizt. 11⅞ G. Train 1 18 2 4 do. Linseed 16 2 2 14 4 Carried Over £ 25 7 11 | The hospital account continued from £10 1s 10d brought over. Brought over, £10 1s 10d Train oil, 17½ gallons, £2 16s 11d Bohea tea, 5½ lb, £1 16s 10d Salt, 2⅛ bushels, £0 6s 5d Cotton wick, ⅞ lb, £0 0s 7d Axe handles, 2, £0 1s 2d China sneakers, 12, £0 4s 0d Butcher's tray, 1, £0 1s 5½d Birch brooms, 2, £0 0s 10½d Total for turned ware, £0 2s 4d Total for the hospital, £15 10s 1d The stores issued for the boats from 1 October to 31 December 1770 were as follows. Iron, 24 lb, £0 5s 0d Sheet lead, 26½ lb, £0 4s 11d Arrack for the men hauling up and launching the longboats, 9 gallons, £1 10s 0d Sole leather, 57½ lb, £3 13s 7d Twine, 5 skeins, £0 2s 8d Cordage, 1,040 lb, £16 5s 0d Paint brushes, 2, £0 0s 11½d [...] brush, 1, £0 2s 7d Birch brooms, 2, £0 0s 10½d Total for turned ware, £0 4s 5d Whiting, 25 lb, £0 0s 6¼d Red lead, 6 lb, £0 1s 6d Stone-coloured paint, 10 lb, £0 5s 2¾d Dry yellow ochre, 4 lb, £0 0s 9¼d Total for paint, £0 8s 0d Train oil, 11½ gallons, £1 18s 2d Linseed oil, 4 gallons, £0 16s 2d Total for oil, £2 14s 4d Carried over, £25 7s 11d Interpretations Cordage was by far the largest item for the boats, at 1,040 lb costing £16 5s 0d in one quarter. The longboats repaired in the quarter ending 30 September 1770 were being fitted out again with new rigging, cables and grapnel ropes. The boats worked the open roadstead off James's Valley, where every cask and passenger landed from the ships had to come through the surf. Their ropes chafed through quickly on rocks and moorings. The sole leather probably served to line the rowlocks and to protect cables where they ran over the gunwales, to stop them chafing through. The arrack issued to the men who hauled the longboats up the beach and launched them again was a reward for one of the heaviest and wettest jobs on the island. It was paid in drams, not in money, as with the slaves' and garrison's allowances. | |
46 | 21st January Brought over £ 25 7 11 Iron ware vizt. 4 Scrapers 7 6¾ 1 Hand Hatchet 1 8¼ 9 3 Deals vizt. 11 Double 1 17 4 8 Single 15 8 3 Elm Boards 12 3 Wainscot do. 1 13 4 18 Nails vizt. lb. d. 19 2 12 2¾ 2 3 1 6 32 4 1 34 6 19 1½ 5 10 2 3½ 4 20 1 7¼ 3 9 Canvas 32 Yds. Ticklenburgs 1 8 Pitch & Tar vizt. 1 Bar. Pitch 1 2 4 1 do. Tar 1 2 45 Rozin 7 6 2 11 10 £ 37 15 9 Barracks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1 October to the 31 December 1770 Oil 3½ Gall. Train 11 3 Cart Wheels 33 Wheel Barrows 29 5 10 Lines vizt. 22 No. 3 7 6 56 4 1 1 6 2 1 9 1 10 3 Carr. over £ 31 7 6 | The stores issued for the boats continued from £25 7s 11d brought over. Brought over, £25 7s 11d Scrapers, 4, £0 7s 6¾d Hand hatchet, 1, £0 1s 8¼d Total for ironware, £0 9s 3d Double deals, 11, £1 17s 4d Single deals, 8, £0 15s 8d Elm boards, 3, £0 12s 0d Wainscot boards, 3, £1 13s 0d Total for timber, £4 18s 0d Nails, size ½, 19 lb, £0 12s 2¾d Threepenny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d Fourpenny nails, 32 lb, £1 0s 0d Sixpenny nails, 34 lb, £0 19s 1½d Tenpenny nails, 5 lb, £0 2s 3½d Twentypenny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 7¼d Total for nails, £3 0s 9d Tecklenburg canvas, 32 yards, £1 8s 0d Pitch, 1 barrel, £1 2s 4d Tar, 1 barrel, £1 2s 0d Rosin, 45 lb, £0 7s 6d Total for pitch, tar and rosin, £2 11s 10d Total for the boats, £37 15s 9d The storekeeper then began the account of stores issued to the barracks from 1 October to 31 December 1770. Train oil, 3½ gallons, £0 11s 3d Cart wheels and 33 wheelbarrows, £29 5s 10d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 22, £0 7s 6d Fishing lines, number 4 size, 56, £1 1s 0d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 6, £0 1s 9d Total for lines, £1 10s 3d Carried over, £31 7s 6d Interpretations The 33 wheelbarrows and cart wheels charged to the barracks, at £29 5s 10d, show the scale of the building work James Tippet reported on 7 January 1771. The barracks were being raised largely by hand. Earth, stone, lime and the new island-made bricks all had to be moved across the site by labourers and slaves pushing barrows. The lines served for setting out walls and for hoisting materials. With the brickmaking now confirmed, the demand for barrows would only grow. The boats were rebuilt with a deliberate choice of timber. Elm stays sound when kept permanently wet, which made it the usual wood for keels and the lower planking of boats. Wainscot oak and Baltic deal went into the upper works. The barrel each of pitch and tar, with the rosin, sealed the seams. The Tecklenburg canvas probably made new sails, since the longboats rowed and sailed between the ships and the shore. | |
47 | 1771 Brought over £ 31 7 6 Iron ware vizt. 22 Brick Layers Trowels 1 9 9½ 36 Hammer Helves 10 6 18 Iron Crows 9 3 9 4 Plaistr. Trowels 6 8 20 Iron Shovels 4 10 10 60 Ash Helves 1 15 7 2 Mauls 1 11 1 Wood Ax 2 10 4 Pick Axes 14 2 Hand Hatchets 3 4½ 1 Stock Lock 2 11 1 Pad do. 1 8 20 2 10 Iron and Steel vizt. 1160 Iron 12 1 8 78 Steel 1 6 13 7 8 Deals vizt. 86 Double 14 12 1 263 Single 25 15 5 Elm Boards 1 30 Coffins 4 12 6 28 Balks 12 10 10 1 Wainscot Board 6 8 58 17 1 Nails vizt. lb. d. 5 4 2 6 64 6 1 16 12 10 5 6 175 20 3 9 3½ 75 40 1 8 1½ 4 Dog Nails 2 7 7 4 Cordage 33 lb. 1 5 11 Tin ware 3 Watering Pots 12 Carried Over £ 132 17 | The barracks account continued from £31 7s 6d brought over. Brought over, £31 7s 6d Bricklayers' trowels, 22, £1 9s 9½d Hammer handles, 36, £0 10s 6d Iron crowbars, 18, £9 3s 9d Plasterers' trowels, 4, £0 6s 8d Iron shovels, 20, £4 10s 10d Axe handles, 60, £1 15s 7d Mauls, 7, £1 0s 11d Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 10d Pickaxes, 4, £0 14s 0d Hand hatchets, 2, £0 3s 4½d Stock lock, 1, £0 2s 11d Padlock, 1, £0 1s 8d Total for ironware, £20 2s 10d Iron, 1,160 lb, £12 1s 8d Steel, 78 lb, £1 6s 0d Total for iron and steel, £13 7s 8d Double deals, 86, £14 12s 1d Single deals, 263, £25 15s 0d Elm boards, 5, £1 0s 0d [...], 30, £4 12s 6d Balks, 28, £12 10s 10d Wainscot board, 1, £0 6s 8d Total for timber, £58 17s 1d Fourpenny nails, 5 lb, £0 2s 6d Sixpenny nails, 64 lb, £1 16s 0d Tenpenny nails, 12 lb, £0 5s 6d Twentypenny nails, 175 lb, £3 9s 3½d Fortypenny nails, 75 lb, £1 8s 1½d Dog nails, 4 lb, £0 2s 7d Total for nails, £7 4s 0d Cordage, 33 lb, £1 5s 11d Tin watering pots, 3, £0 12s 0d Carried over, £132 17s 0d Interpretations The barracks drew more timber in one quarter than all the Company's other accounts combined: 349 deals and 28 balks. Balks were large squared beams of Baltic fir. They spanned the floors and carried the roof of a building meant to house the whole garrison. Every piece had come by sea, so the barracks were as much a product of the Company's shipping as of the island's labour. The quantities explain why the Council pressed so hard for island-made bricks on 7 January 1771. Each wall built in local brick reduced the demand for imported timber and stone-cutting alike. The 18 iron crowbars, at more than 10s each, and the 1,160 lb of bar iron with 78 lb of steel, point to quarrying and heavy masonry. Crowbars levered blocks out of the quarry face and set them in the walls. The smiths forged the bar iron into cramps, bolts and window bars. They welded the steel onto the cutting edges of tools that the stonecutters wore down daily. The watering pots probably kept the lime mortar and new brickwork damp while it set. | |
48 | 21st January Brought over £ 132 17 Twine 1 Skane 6 Turners ware vizt. 1 Wood Bowl 1 1 1 do. Platter 1 2½ 32 Labourers Baskets 1 19 4½ 2 1 8 £ 134 19 2 Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st October to the 31st December 1770 Thread 5 Coloured Artillery Use 15 5 Arrack 16 Gall. for drams Men carrying Powder to Mundens Point 2 13 4 Lines vizt. 10 No. 3 Artillery Use 3 9 16 2 4 8 1 Deep Sea 5 13 5 Oil vizt. 40 Gall. Linseed for painting Guns, Artillery use & Sandy Bay Quarry 8 1 8 1⅞ Train 5 8 2 Bott. Florence 5 3½ 1⅞ Oil Turpentine 7 6½ 9 2 Iron ware vizt. 1 Maul Artillery use 10 5½ 3 Ash Helves 1 9 1 Lath. Hammer do. 1 8 2 Tenon Saws 14 8 1 Stock Lock for the Lime House 2 11 1 Wood Ax do. Quarry 2 10 1 Stone Saw do. 3 10 1 Pad Lock do. 1 8½ Iron ware Carr. over £ 1 19 9½ Carried over £ 13 2 4 | The barracks account continued from £132 17s 0d brought over. Brought over, £132 17s 0d Twine, 1 skein, £0 0s 6d Wooden bowl, 1, £0 1s 1d Wooden platter, 1, £0 1s 2½d Labourers' baskets, 32, £1 19s 4½d Total for turned ware, £2 1s 8d Total for the barracks, £134 19s 2d The stores issued for the fortifications from 1 October to 31 December 1770 were as follows. Coloured thread for the artillery, 3 lb, £0 15s 5d Arrack for drams for the men carrying powder to Munden's Point, 16 gallons, £2 13s 4d Fishing lines, number 4 size, for the artillery, 10, £0 3s 9d Fishing lines, number 2 size, for the artillery, 16, £0 4s 8d Deep-sea line for the artillery, 1, £0 5s 0d Total for lines, £0 13s 5d Linseed oil, 40 gallons, £8 1s 8d Train oil, 1⅞ gallons, £0 5s 8d Florence oil, 2 bottles, £0 5s 3½d Oil of turpentine, 1⅞ gallons, £0 7s 6½d Total for oil, £9 0s 2d Maul for the artillery, 1, £0 10s 5½d Axe handles for the artillery, 3, £0 1s 9d Lathing hammer for the artillery, 1, £0 1s 8d Tenon saws for the artillery, 2, £0 14s 8d Stock lock for the stone house, 1, £0 2s 11d Wood axe for the quarry, 1, £0 2s 10d Stone saw for the quarry, 1, £0 3s 10d Padlock for the quarry, 1, £0 1s 8½d Ironware carried over, £1 19s 9½d Carried over, £13 2s 4d The oils went to painting the guns, to the artillery's general use and to the quarry at Sandy Bay. Interpretations The 16 gallons of arrack issued to the men carrying powder to Munden's Point mark the stocking of the battery's magazine, after the work there was reported finished on 7 October 1770. Powder had to be carried up by hand in barrels from the main magazine, since no cart could reach the point. The work was heavy, and a single spark meant death. The dram was the customary reward for a dangerous task, paid in spirits like the allowances for hauling the longboats. The 40 gallons of linseed oil went mostly to painting the iron guns and their carriages. Iron left bare in the salt air of a coastal battery rusted within months. Regular coats of oil paint, with the scaling recorded in October 1770, kept the guns fit to fire. The tools for the quarry at Sandy Bay show the Company equipping the site where James Tippet had carried out the brickmaking trials, and which now supplied stone as well. | |
49 | 1771 Brought over £ 13 2 4 Iron ware brought over £ 1 19 9½ 64 Rolled Iron for the Draw Bridge 1 4 1 Iron Shovel do. Quarry 4 6½ 15 Plate Iron do. do. 6 1½ 12 Sail Needles for mendg. Lime Bags 3½ 1 Pr. Sheep Shears Artillery Use 1 6 3 16 3 Twine 20 Sk. for mendg. Lime Bags & Artill. use 1 10 Turners ware vizt. 16 Paint Brushes for Painting Guns 7 8 10 Birch Brooms Artillery Use 4 2 11 10 Candles 5 lb. for wax to mend Lime Bags 6 11 Lead 937 Sheet for Aprons for Guns 8 15 8 Cordage 18 lb. for the Flag Staff at the Main Fort 5 8 Iron 314 lb. for Lime Kilns, Draw Bridge & Mount Rails 5 13 4 Glass ware 20 Sq. 6 by 8 Artillery Use 6 8 Paint vizt. 6 White Lead dry for paintg. Guns &c. 1 10½ 2 Verdigrease 8 10 172 Stone Colour 15 4 7 26 B. Blacking 1 7 62 Whiting 1 3½ 40 Red Lead 10 6 White Lead mixed 2 3 22 Pearl Colour 9 2 10 Blue Black 5 10 10 Stone Oaker dry 4 7 18 9 Nails vizt. lb. d. 4 2 for Lime Houses & Draw Bridge 3 5 3 10 3 8 Nails Carr. over £ 7 1 Carr. over £ 52 8 6 | The fortifications account continued from £13 2s 4d brought over. Brought over, £13 2s 4d Ironware brought over, £1 19s 9½d Rolled iron for the drawbridge, 64 lb, £1 4s 0d Iron shovel for the quarry, 1, £0 4s 6½d Plate iron for the quarry, 13 lb, £0 6s 1½d Sail needles for mending lime bags, 12, £0 0s 3½d Sheep shears for the artillery, 1 pair, £0 1s 6d Total for ironware, £3 16s 3d Twine for mending lime bags and other uses, 30 skeins, £1 0s 10d Paint brushes for painting the guns, 16, £0 7s 8d Birch brooms for the artillery, 10, £0 4s 2d Total for turned ware, £0 11s 10d Candles for wax to mend lime bags, 3 lb, £0 6s 11d Sheet lead for gun aprons, 9 cwt 3 qr 7 lb, £8 15s 8d Cordage for the flagstaff at the [...] Fort, 18 lb, £0 5s 8d Iron for the lime kilns, the drawbridge and [...], [...], £5 13s 4d Window glass for the artillery, 6 by 8 inches, 20 squares, £0 6s 8d Dry white lead, 6 lb, £0 1s 10½d Verdigris, 2 lb, £0 8s 10d Stone-coloured paint, 172 [...], £15 4s 7d Blacking, 26 lb, £1 0s 7d Whiting, 62 lb, £0 1s 3½d Red lead, 40 lb, £0 10s 0d Mixed white lead, 6 lb, £0 2s 3d Pearl-coloured paint, 22 lb, £0 9s 2d Blue black, 10 lb, £0 5s 10d Dry stone ochre, 10 lb, £0 4s 7d Total for paint, £18 9s 0d Twopenny nails, 4 lb, £0 3s 5d Tenpenny nails, 3 lb, £0 3s 8d Nails carried over, £0 7s 1d Carried over, £52 8s 6d The paint went to the guns and other works, and the nails to the guard house and the drawbridge. Interpretations Sheet lead for gun aprons was the largest single charge on the page apart from the paint. An apron was a square of lead laid over the touchhole of a loaded gun and tied down. It kept rain and spray out of the priming powder, so that a gun could be left charged and ready for weeks. Nearly 10 cwt of lead suggests aprons were being fitted to the guns of the new works at Munden's Point and the demi-bastion, which had just been remounted. The repair of lime bags with sail needles, twine and candle wax shows how carefully the Company husbanded its materials. The bags carried burnt lime from the kilns to the works. Lime ate through canvas, and patching the bags was cheaper than replacing them from the stores. The wax sealed the stitches. Verdigris was copper acetate, scraped from copper plates exposed to vinegar. It gave a bright green paint, used here probably for doors and woodwork at the batteries. Blue black was a fine black pigment made from charred vine twigs, with a slightly bluish tone. | |
50 | 21st January Brought Over £ 52 8 6 Nails brought over £ 7 1 8 20 for the Lime House and Draw Bridge 3 2 32 Spike Nails 10 1 Glaz. Brads 1 8 1 1 11 Tin ware 1 Watering Pot Artill. use 3 Deals 18 Single & Lime House & the Bridge 1 11 4 £ 55 4 9 St. Helena 31 December 1770 Errors Excepted (signed) James Powell Storekeeper List of the Honble. Company's Officers & Servants upon the Island St. Helena with their several Salarys, Diet Money &c.a for the Quarter ending 31 Decr. 1770 John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Salary 150 do. Allowance for Servants 31 14 9 181 14 9 Daniel Corneille Esqr. L. Governor 62 10 do. Diet Money 25 87 10 Matthew Purling Esqr. of Council 32 10 do. Accountant 17 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. Gratuity 15 80 William Bearcroft Chaplain 40 do. Diet Money 15 55 Carried over £ 404 4 9 | The stores issued for the fortifications continued from £52 8s 6d brought over. Brought over, £52 8s 6d Nails brought over, £0 7s 1d Twentypenny nails, 8 lb, £0 3s 2d Spike nails, 32 lb, £0 10s 0d Glazing brads, 1 lb, £0 1s 8d Total for nails, £1 1s 11d Tin watering pot for the artillery, 1, £0 3s 0d Single deals for the lime house and the [...] bridge, 16, £1 11s 4d Total for the fortifications, £55 4s 9d The nails went to the lime house and the drawbridge. James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 31 December 1770, reserving the right to correct any errors. The paymaster's accounts opened with a list of the Company's officers and servants on the island, with their salaries, diet money and other allowances for the quarter ending 31 December 1770. John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d Total for the Governor, £181 14s 9d Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d Total for the Lieutenant Governor, £87 10s 0d Matthew Purling, member of the Council, salary, £32 10s 0d Matthew Purling, as accountant, £17 10s 0d Matthew Purling, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Purling, gratuity, £15 0s 0d Total for Matthew Purling, £80 0s 0d William Bearcroft, chaplain, salary, £40 0s 0d William Bearcroft, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for the chaplain, £55 0s 0d Carried over, £404 4s 9d Interpretations Purling's pay shows how a senior servant's income was built up in layers. His salary as a councillor was barely £130 0s 0d a year. He drew a second salary as accountant, diet money in place of meals at the Company's table, and a gratuity on top. Together these more than doubled his basic pay. The same official held several posts and was paid for each. That was the usual Company practice, and it kept the number of salaried Europeans on a small island low while giving each a living income. Diet money was a cash allowance for food, paid to officers who kept their own households instead of eating at the Governor's public table. The Governor received none, since he presided over that table and the Company bore its costs directly, as the monthly table accounts showed. His annual salary of £600 0s 0d, with a further £127 0s 0d for servants, placed him far above every other official on the island. | |
51 | 1771 Brought over £ 404 4 9 Matthew Bazett Secretary 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 James Powell Storekeeper 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 William Wrangham Paymaster 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Assistant to the Governor 10 55 James Tippet Engineer 50 do. House Rent 2 10 52 10 Jonathan Doveton Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Assistant Storekeeper 5 30 Britannicus Wright Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Collector of the Customs 12 10 37 10 John Goodwin Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 25 George Bazett Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Clerk of the Works 6 16 10½ 26 16 10½ Carried over £ 721 1 7½ | The list of officers and servants continued from £404 4s 9d brought over. Brought over, £404 4s 9d Matthew Bazett, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the secretary, £45 0s 0d James Powell, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d James Powell, diet money, £15 0s 0d James Powell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the storekeeper, £45 0s 0d William Wrangham, paymaster, salary, £27 10s 0d William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d William Wrangham, as assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d Total for the paymaster, £55 0s 0d James Tippet, engineer, salary, £50 0s 0d James Tippet, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the engineer, £52 10s 0d Jonathan Dowden, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Jonathan Dowden, diet money, £10 0s 0d Jonathan Dowden, house rent, £2 10s 0d Jonathan Dowden, as assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d Total for Jonathan Dowden, £30 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, diet money, £10 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, house rent, £2 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, as collector of customs, £12 10s 0d Total for Britannicus Wright, £37 10s 0d John Goodwin, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d John Goodwin, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Goodwin, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Goodwin, £25 0s 0d George Bazett, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d George Bazett, diet money, £10 0s 0d George Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d George Bazett, as clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d Total for George Bazett, £26 16s 10½d Carried over, £721 1s 7½d Interpretations The list follows the Company's civil grades in descending order. Senior merchants such as the secretary, storekeeper and paymaster drew £110 0s 0d a year in salary. Factors drew £50 0s 0d, and a writer, the junior entry grade, only £30 0s 0d. Below the councillors, almost every man added a second office to his grade. The factors served as assistant storekeeper and collector of customs, and the writer as clerk of the works. Each extra post paid a fee on top of the salary. A young servant built his income by taking on duties, and the Company filled its offices without adding men to the establishment. The engineer stood apart. James Tippet drew £200 0s 0d a year with no diet money or second office. That was nearly double the salary of the secretary or the paymaster. His pay reflected the scarcity of trained military engineers and the scale of the works he directed, from Munden's Point to the barracks. His was the only salary on the list set by skill rather than by grade. | |
52 | 21st January Brought over £ 721 1 7½ James Desfountain Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 20 William Doveton Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 17 10 Robert Barclay Surgeon 19 15 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 32 5 John Pritchard do. Mate 13 15 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 26 5 John Congreve Judge Advocate 12 10 do. Schoolmaster 7 10 do. House Rent 2 10 22 10 Thomas Bazett Superintend. of the Works 25 Philip Mahony Clerk of the Peace 27 10 do. House Rent 2 10 30 Samuel Alexander Overseers 7 10 John Worrall 15 Solomon St. Maurice Master at Arms 6 5 John Robinson Carpenter 25 James Hogg Carpentr. Mate to 18 Novr. died 6 9 5 William Greenup do. do. from 19 do. 6 7 John Drawwater Cooper 15 John Robins Armourer 15 Hugh Jones Superintend. of the Blacks 10 John Preston Mason 20 Robert Leech Steward 7 10 Carried Over £ 1028 6 7½ | The list of officers and servants continued from £721 1s 7½d brought over. Brought over, £721 1s 7½d James Desfountain, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Desfountain, £20 0s 0d William Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d William Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d Total for William Doveton, £17 10s 0d Robert Barclay, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d Robert Barclay, diet money, £10 0s 0d Robert Barclay, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the surgeon, £32 5s 0d John Pritchard, surgeon's mate, salary, £13 15s 0d John Pritchard, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Pritchard, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the surgeon's mate, £26 5s 0d John Congreve, judge advocate, salary, £12 10s 0d John Congreve, as schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Congreve, £22 10s 0d Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d Philip Mahoney, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 10s 0d Philip Mahoney, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the clerk of the peace, £30 0s 0d Samuel Alexander, overseer, £7 10s 0d John Morrall, overseer, £15 0s 0d Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d James Hogg, carpenter's mate, to 16 November 1770, when he died, £6 9s 5d William Gurrup, carpenter's mate, from 17 November 1770, £6 0s 7d John Drawwater, cooper, £15 0s 0d John Robins, armourer, £15 0s 0d Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d John Preston, mason, £20 0s 0d Robert Leech, steward, £7 10s 0d Carried over, £1,028 6s 7½d Interpretations John Congreve combined the posts of judge advocate and schoolmaster. As judge advocate he managed prosecutions before the island's courts martial and advised on military law. As schoolmaster he taught the children of the Company's servants. The pairing shows how thin the island's educated establishment was. The Company had to find its legal officer and its teacher in the same man, and paid him less for both than the surgeon drew alone. His appointment as schoolmaster gave the new parish school, whose site the Council had cleared in 1770, a salaried master at Company expense. James Hogg's pay ran to the day of his death and William Gurrup's from the following day. The Council's order of 10 December 1770 to backdate Gurrup's appointment thus left no gap in the carpenter's mate's wages. Hogg's earnings to his death would have been added to the proceeds of his belongings, held in the treasury for his family in Aberdeen. | |
53 | 1771 Brought Over £ 1028 6 7½ Thomas Yates Clerk of the Church 5 John Joyce Clock & Instrument Cleaner 1 5 William Crabb Groom 2 James Miller Patroon of the Long Boats 7 10 John Price Marshal & Goaler 7 10 James Carmitchell Gardener 10 To the Drum Major for instructg. the young Drummers 1 First Company vizt. Daniel Corneille Captain 59 6 3 Solomon St. Maurice Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 34 4 4½ Charles Ross Steward Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Adjutant 18 5 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 52 9 4½ William Caldwell Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ William Roberts Town Adjutant 32 3 4½ Sergeants vizt. Henry Howell 7 13 4 John Allman 7 13 4 George Seale 7 13 4 Thomas Mears 7 13 4 Thomas Pearce 7 13 4 38 6 8 Corporals vizt. Abraham Jewis 5 7 4 Henry Clark 5 7 4 Andrew Alexander 5 7 4 Patrick Newland to 3d. Oct. reduced & disch. the 8 7 8 16 9 8 Carried Over £ 1332 5 5½ | The list continued from £1,028 6s 7½d brought over. Brought over, £1,028 6s 7½d Thomas [...], clerk of the church, £5 0s 0d John Joyce, clock and instrument cleaner, £1 5s 0d William Crabb, groom, £2 0s 0d James Miller, coxswain of the longboat, £7 10s 0d John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d James Carm[...], gardener, £10 0s 0d Drum major, for teaching the young drummers, £1 0s 0d The pay of the First Company followed. Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d Solomon St Maurice, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Solomon St Maurice, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Solomon St Maurice, £34 4s 4½d Charles Ross Steward, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Charles Ross Steward, as adjutant, £18 5s 0d Charles Ross Steward, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Charles Ross Steward, £52 9s 4½d William Caldwell, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d William Caldwell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d William Caldwell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Caldwell, £36 14s 4½d William Roberts, town adjutant, £32 3s 1½d Henry Howell, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Allman, sergeant, £7 13s 4d George Scott, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Ware, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Pearce, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £38 6s 8d Abraham Irwin, corporal, £5 7s 4d Henry Elliot, corporal, £5 7s 4d Andrew Alexander, corporal, £5 7s 4d Patrick Rowland, corporal to 3 October 1770, then reduced in rank, £0 7s 8d Total for corporals, £16 9s 8d Carried over, £1,332 15s 5½d Interpretations Daniel Corneille drew pay as captain of the First Company on top of his salary and diet money as Lieutenant Governor. Solomon St Maurice was both a lieutenant in the company and the island's master at arms. In a garrison of a few hundred men, the Company's senior civil officers commanded its troops as well. The Lieutenant Governor's captaincy brought his income for the quarter to almost £147 0s 0d, close to the Governor's own salary. The drum major's fee for teaching the young drummers shows that the garrison trained its own boys for the drum. Drummers beat the calls that ordered the day, from reveille to the changing of the guard. On an island whose guard posts were spread across ridges and valleys, drum signals carried orders faster than runners. Recruiting boys locally, many of them soldiers' sons, spared the Company the cost of shipping drummers from England. Patrick Rowland's reduction from corporal on 3 October 1770 meant his pay as a corporal stopped that day. From then on he was paid as a private. | |
54 | 21st January Brought over £ 1332 5 5½ Drummers vizt. John Swaits 5 7 4 Richard Playfoot 5 7 4 George Watts 5 7 4 16 2 Private vizt. John Beckmans 3 16 8 Moses Griffin 3 16 8 John Bull 3 16 8 Timothy Bryan 3 16 8 Edmund Bonner 3 16 8 William Benson 3 16 8 Benjamin Barclay 3 16 8 Richd. Brown 3 16 8 Thos. Berwick 3 16 8 Mark Balls 3 16 8 Joseph Beecham 3 16 8 Stephen Basset 3 16 8 Patrick Conner 3 16 8 William Coppin 3 16 8 Edward Coker 3 16 8 John Charlton 3 16 8 Anthony Clark 3 16 8 John Coulson 3 16 8 John Cooker 3 16 8 Thomas Coleman 3 16 8 Arundel Carnes 3 16 8 Ralph Clavering 3 16 8 John Dove 3 16 8 James Drake 3 16 8 John Davis 3 16 8 Adam Evans 3 16 8 Henry Easter 3 16 8 John Ellis 3 16 8 William French 3 16 8 Private Carried over £ 111 3 4 Carried Over £ 1348 7 5½ | The pay list continued from £1,332 5s 5½d brought over with the drummers and privates of the First Company. Brought over, £1,332 5s 5½d John Twaits, drummer, £5 7s 4d Richard Hatfoot, drummer, £5 7s 4d George Wale, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £16 2s 0d John Buckman, private, £3 16s 8d Moses Boffin, private, £3 16s 8d John Bull, private, £3 16s 8d Timothy Bryan, private, £3 16s 8d Edmund Bonner, private, £3 16s 8d William Benson, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Brathy, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Brown, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Brunsk, private, £3 16s 8d Mark Bell, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Brabson, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Barret, private, £3 16s 8d Patrick Conner, private, £3 16s 8d William Coppin, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Carter, private, £3 16s 8d John Chapelton, private, £3 16s 8d Anthony Cloak, private, £3 16s 8d John Coulson, private, £3 16s 8d John Crowder, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Coleman, private, £3 16s 8d Arnold Carrow, private, £3 16s 8d Rudolph Chewning, private, £3 16s 8d John Dove, private, £3 16s 8d James Drake, private, £3 16s 8d John Deans, private, £3 16s 8d Adam Evans, private, £3 16s 8d Henry E[...], private, £3 16s 8d John Ellis, private, £3 16s 8d William French, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried over, £111 3s 4d Carried over, £1,348 7s 5½d Interpretations A private soldier earned £3 16s 8d a quarter, or £15 6s 8d a year. From that he bought his own shoes, shirts and stockings at the stores. The 418 pairs of men's shoes sold to the Company's servants in this quarter cost about 5s a pair, so a soldier who wore out two pairs in a quarter lost an eighth of his pay to footwear alone. Salt meat and other provisions bought beyond the ration took more. The low wage helps explain why soldiers sought extra paid work on the fortifications and barracks, and why the garrison's discipline depended so heavily on drams of arrack and the stores' cheap prices. | |
55 | 1771 Brought Over £ 1348 7 5½ Private brought over £ 111 3 4 William Fisher 3 16 8 Robert Ford 3 16 8 William Greenwood 3 16 8 John Grainger 3 16 8 William Henderson 3 16 8 John Houston 3 16 8 Philip Hayes 3 16 8 Thomas Houching 3 16 8 John Harrison 3 16 8 John Harlett 3 16 8 John Hill three Days £ 7 6 do. 89 do. Corporal 5 3 10 5 6 4 Edward Hayes Entd. from 4th Compy. the 1st October 3 16 8 William Jones 3 16 8 Thomas Love 3 16 8 Duncan McLaren 3 16 8 William Mumford 3 16 8 John McAllister 3 16 8 James Miller 3 16 8 William Mudge 3 16 8 William Page 3 16 8 John Pitt 3 16 8 William Robinson 3 16 8 Thomas Rogers 3 16 8 Anthony Reynolds 3 16 8 George Rowe 3 16 8 Thomas Roads 3 16 8 Stephen Redding 3 16 8 William Rowlands 3 16 8 William Swaby 3 16 8 John Stewart 3 16 8 Edward Stevenson 3 16 8 Joseph Stacy 3 16 8 James Snell Private Carried over £ 239 3 Carried Over £ 1348 7 5½ | The privates of the First Company continued from £111 3s 4d brought over. Brought over, £1,348 7s 5½d Privates brought over, £111 3s 4d William Fisher, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Frost, private, £3 16s 8d William Greenwood, private, £3 16s 8d John Grainger, private, £3 16s 8d William Henderson, private, £3 16s 8d John Hunter, private, £3 16s 8d Philip Hayes, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hocking, private, £3 16s 8d John Harrison, private, £3 16s 8d John Hewlett, private, £3 16s 8d John Hill, as private for 3 days, £0 2s 6d John Hill, as corporal for 89 days, £5 3s 10d Total for John Hill, £5 6s 4d Edward Hayes, private, transferred from the [...] Company on 1 October 1770, £3 16s 8d William Jones, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Love, private, £3 16s 8d Duncan McLaren, private, £3 16s 8d William Munford, private, £3 16s 8d John McMillan, private, £3 16s 8d James Miller, private, £3 16s 8d William Mudge, private, £3 16s 8d William Page, private, £3 16s 8d John Pitt, private, £3 16s 8d William Robinson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Rogers, private, £3 16s 8d Anthony Reynolds, private, £3 16s 8d George Rice, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Reade, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Redding, private, £3 16s 8d William Rowlands, private, £3 16s 8d William Sealy, private, £3 16s 8d John Stewart, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Stevenson, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Stacy, private, £3 16s 8d James Snell, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried over, £239 3s 0d Carried over, £1,348 7s 5½d Interpretations John Hill served 3 days as a private and then 89 days as a corporal. His promotion followed directly on Patrick Rowland's reduction in rank on 3 October 1770. The paymaster calculated pay to the day. A man's rank and wage changed on the date of his promotion or reduction, and the quarter's pay was split between the two rates. | |
56 | 21st January Brought over £ 1348 7 5½ Private brought over £ 239 3 Willm. Smith 3 16 8 Willm. Saunders 3 16 8 Christopher Smith 3 16 8 Gregory Southernwood 3 16 8 John Springthorpe 3 16 8 Willm. Tipper 3 16 8 John Tanton 3 16 8 Thos. Townsend 3 16 8 John Thistlewood 3 16 8 Joseph Valentine 3 16 8 John Willingdale 3 16 8 Benj. Wise 3 16 8 Thos. Windall 3 16 8 George Wall 3 16 8 Barthw. Welch 3 16 8 John Wilson 3 16 8 Timy. Walton 3 16 8 Henry Wood 3 16 8 John White 3 16 8 John Walters 3 16 8 Willm. Thomas 3 16 8 319 13 Second Company vizt. Henry Bazett Captain 59 6 3 Thos. Lambert Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ John Bazett Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Carried Over £ 1800 15 5½ | The privates of the First Company continued from £239 3s 0d brought over. Brought over, £1,348 7s 5½d Privates brought over, £239 3s 0d William Smith, private, £3 16s 8d William Saunders, private, £3 16s 8d Christopher Smith, private, £3 16s 8d Gregory Sutherwood, private, £3 16s 8d John Springthorpe, private, £3 16s 8d William Tipper, private, £3 16s 8d John Tanton, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Townsend, private, £3 16s 8d John Thistlewood, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Valentine, private, £3 16s 8d John Willingdale, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Wise, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Windall, private, £3 16s 8d George Walls, private, £3 16s 8d Bartholomew Welch, private, £3 16s 8d John Wilson, private, £3 16s 8d James Walton, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Wood, private, £3 16s 8d John White, private, £3 16s 8d John Walker, private, £3 16s 8d William Warren, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates of the First Company, £319 13s 0d The pay of the Second Company followed. Henry Bazett, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Lambert, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Lambert, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Lambert, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Lambert, £36 14s 4½d John Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Carried over, £1,800 15s 5½d Interpretations Henry Bazett commanded the Second Company, with John Bazett as one of its lieutenants. Matthew Bazett was secretary, George Bazett a writer and clerk of the works, and Thomas Bazett superintendent of the works. Henry Bazett had also headed the planters' letter about dogs on 12 November 1770. One family thus held posts across the Council's offices, the public works and the garrison. On an island where the Company's appointments were the main source of income and standing, such family networks gave a household influence in every branch of government. | |
57 | 1771 Brought over £ 1800 15 5½ Sergeants vizt. John Salisbury 7 13 4 Willm. Herrick 7 13 4 Francis Seale 7 13 4 Joseph Whaley 7 13 4 James Glynn 7 13 4 38 6 8 Corporals vizt. Joseph McAtency 5 7 4 Willm. Harris 5 7 4 Willm. Jones 5 7 4 Charles Holloway 5 7 4 21 9 4 Drummers vizt. John Brown 5 7 4 Benj. Seale 5 7 4 10 14 8 Private vizt. Thos. Alesworth Senr. 3 16 8 Thos. Alesworth Junr. 3 16 8 Willm. Birch 3 16 8 Willm. Brooks 3 16 8 Danl. Bye 3 16 8 Henry Batchelor 3 16 8 John Blavin 3 16 8 James Beard 3 16 8 Willm. Carter 3 16 8 John Cunningham 3 16 8 James Challis 3 16 8 Willm. Dunnan 3 16 8 John Daily 3 16 8 Nicholas Dennis 3 16 8 Willm. Daniels Private Carried over £ 57 10 Carried over £ 1871 6 1½ | The Second Company's pay list continued from £1,800 15s 5½d brought over. Brought over, £1,800 15s 5½d John Salisbury, sergeant, £7 13s 4d William Merrick, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Francis Seale, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £7 13s 4d James Glynn, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £38 6s 8d Joseph McKelvey, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Harris, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Jones, corporal, £5 7s 4d Charles Holloway, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £21 9s 4d John Brown, drummer, £5 7s 4d Benjamin Seale, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d Thomas Ainsworth senior, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Ainsworth junior, private, £3 16s 8d William Birch, private, £3 16s 8d William Brooks, private, £3 16s 8d Daniel Bye, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Batchelor, private, £3 16s 8d John Bevan, private, £3 16s 8d James Brand, private, £3 16s 8d William Capp, private, £3 16s 8d John Cunningham, private, £3 16s 8d James Challis, private, £3 16s 8d William Dunnan, private, £3 16s 8d John Darley, private, £3 16s 8d Nicholas Dennis, private, £3 16s 8d William Daniels, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried over, £57 10s 0d Carried over, £1,871 6s 1½d Interpretations Thomas Ainsworth senior and junior served side by side as privates, and so did Francis Seale and Benjamin Seale as sergeant and drummer. Fathers and sons in the same company point to a garrison partly recruited from soldiers' own families on the island. A boy grew up within the garrison, trained as a drummer under the drum major and then took his place in the ranks. This local recruitment eased the Company's dependence on recruits shipped from England, who arrived in small numbers and often sick after the voyage. | |
58 | 21st January Brought over £ 1871 6 1½ Private brought over £ 57 10 Willm. Dowsing to 3d. Oct. Transd. to Artillery 4 2 Peter Ellam 3 16 8 Patrick Elrington 3 16 8 David Evans 3 16 8 Willm. England 3 16 8 John Forbes 3 16 8 Willm. Fullwood 3 16 8 John Goodall 3 16 8 John Gray 3 16 8 Robt. Gunn 3 16 8 Philip Gleeson 3 16 8 Robt. Richd. Grosvenor 3 16 8 Nicholas Godfrey 3 16 8 David Grant 3 16 8 John Glenny Entd. from Artillery 6th Oct. 3 12 6 Willm. Harris 3 16 8 Saml. Hiles 3 16 8 John Holbrook 3 16 8 James Hudson 3 16 8 Thos. Hales 3 16 8 John Ham 3 16 8 Augustine Hitchcock 3 16 8 Thos. Hart 3 16 8 Robt. Hardie 3 16 8 John Haynge 3 16 8 Jacob Hirkin 3 16 8 Thos. Hunt 3 16 8 Saml. Inslove 3 16 8 Willm. Johnson 3 16 8 John James 3 16 8 Francis Jackson 3 16 8 John Jacobs 3 16 8 John Jones 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 180 3 4 Carried Over £ 1871 6 1½ | The Second Company's privates continued from £57 10s 0d brought over. Brought over, £1,871 6s 1½d Privates brought over, £57 10s 0d William Downing, private to 3 October 1770, then transferred to the artillery, £0 4s 2d Peter Elliot, private, £3 16s 8d Patrick Etherington, private, £3 16s 8d David Evans, private, £3 16s 8d William England, private, £3 16s 8d John Forbes, private, £3 16s 8d William Fellowes, private, £3 16s 8d John Garside, private, £3 16s 8d John Gray, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Green, private, £3 16s 8d Philip Glover, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Grosvenor, private, £3 16s 8d Nicholas Godfrey, private, £3 16s 8d David Grant, private, £3 16s 8d John Glynny, private, transferred from the artillery on 6 October 1770, £3 12s 6d William Harris, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Hiles, private, £3 16s 8d John Holbrook, private, £3 16s 8d James Hudson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hiles, private, £3 16s 8d John Ham, private, £3 16s 8d Augustine Hitchcock, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hart, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Hooke, private, £3 16s 8d John Hynge, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Hiram, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hunt, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Inslow, private, £3 16s 8d William Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d John James, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Jackson, private, £3 16s 8d John Jacobs, private, £3 16s 8d John Jones, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried over, £180 3s 4d Carried over, £1,871 6s 1½d Interpretations John Glynny moved from the artillery into the Second Company on 6 October 1770, and his pay for the quarter was cut to match. He was the soldier who petitioned the Council on 26 November 1770 about the estate of the drowned James Hogg. William Downing went the other way three days earlier. Men passed between the infantry companies and the artillery as the batteries' needs required, and the paymaster tracked each move to the day. | |
59 | 1771 Brought Over £ 1871 6 1½ Private brought over £ 180 3 4 Saml. Hitson 3 16 8 Henry Kirkham 3 16 8 John King 3 16 8 Willm. Kingscot 3 16 8 Thos. Little 3 16 8 John Lockhart 3 16 8 Henry Miller 3 16 8 John Morrice 3 16 8 John McCullen 3 16 8 Wm. McBeath 3 16 8 Thos. Morgan 3 16 8 Francis Mears 3 16 8 Peter Madan 3 16 8 Reves Osborne 3 16 8 George Oliver 3 16 8 John Pavy 3 16 8 Stephen Pryor 3 16 8 Jacob Peters 3 16 8 Saml. Packer 3 16 8 Thos. Palmer 3 16 8 Thos. Penrea 3 16 8 John Christian Sharp 3 16 8 Thos. Stevens 3 16 8 Frederick Shaffer 3 16 8 John Stevens 3 16 8 John Vaughan 3 16 8 Francis Venable 3 16 8 John Wyrill 3 16 8 Samuel Warren 3 16 8 John Wilkinson 3 16 8 295 3 4 Third Company vizt. Richard Beale Captain 59 6 3 Carried Over £ 2225 15 8½ | The Second Company's privates continued from £180 3s 4d brought over. Brought over, £1,871 6s 1½d Privates brought over, £180 3s 4d Samuel Kelson, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Kirkham, private, £3 16s 8d John King, private, £3 16s 8d William Kingscot, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Little, private, £3 16s 8d John Lubbart, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Miller, private, £3 16s 8d John Morris, private, £3 16s 8d John McCullen, private, £3 16s 8d William McBeath, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Morgan, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Moss, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Mahan, private, £3 16s 8d Reeves Osborne, private, £3 16s 8d George Oliver, private, £3 16s 8d John Perry, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Pryor, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Peters, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Parker, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Palmer, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Pounce, private, £3 16s 8d John Christian Strupp, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Powers, private, £3 16s 8d Frederick Shaffer, private, £3 16s 8d John Mears, private, £3 16s 8d John Vaughan, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Verall, private, £3 16s 8d John Wyatt, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Warren, private, £3 16s 8d John Wilkinson, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates of the Second Company, £295 3s 4d The pay of the Third Company began with its captain. Richard Beale, captain, £59 6s 3d Carried over, £2,225 15s 8½d | |
60 | 21st January Brought over £ 2225 15 8½ Thos. Bazett Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Thos. Statham Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Richard Mason Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. Willm. Clifton 7 13 4 James Goudy 12 5 4 David Scott 7 13 4 Thos. Hughs 7 13 4 John Jacks 7 13 4 42 18 8 Corporals vizt. Willm. Hill 5 7 4 Willm. Hamilton 5 7 4 Thos. Nash 5 7 4 Geo. Short 5 7 4 21 9 4 Drummers vizt. George Varney 5 7 4 John Martin 5 7 4 10 14 8 Private vizt. James Anderson 3 16 8 Richd. Ashford 3 16 8 John Arden 3 16 8 Jacob Brill 3 16 8 John Blinkhorn 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 19 3 4 Carried Over £ 2411 1 6 | The Third Company's pay list continued from £2,225 15s 8½d brought over. Brought over, £2,225 15s 8½d Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Statham, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Statham, £36 14s 4½d Richard Mason, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Richard Mason, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Richard Mason, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Richard Mason, £36 14s 4½d William Clifton, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Jarrad Goudy, sergeant, £12 5s 4d David Cox, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Hughes, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Jacks, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £42 18s 8d William Hill, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Hamilton, corporal, £5 7s 4d Thomas Wade, corporal, £5 7s 4d George Short, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £21 9s 4d George Harvey, drummer, £5 7s 4d John Martin, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d James Anderson, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Ashford, private, £3 16s 8d John Arden, private, £3 16s 8d Jacob Brett, private, £3 16s 8d John Blackburn, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried over, £19 3s 4d Carried over, £2,411 1s 6d Interpretations Jarrad Goudy drew £12 5s 4d against the £7 13s 4d paid to every other sergeant. The extra £4 12s 0d probably paid for an additional duty, such as sergeant-major or quartermaster sergeant to the company. The list gives no title. Thomas Bazett, here a lieutenant of the Third Company, was also superintendent of the works at £25 0s 0d a quarter. His two posts added another strand to the Bazett family's hold on the island's military and civil offices. | |
61 | 1771 Brought Over £ 2411 1 6 Private Brought over £ 19 3 4 Fredk. William Beard 3 16 8 Abel Bagnell 3 16 8 James Brown 3 16 8 John Bullbrook 3 16 8 Robt. Barff 3 16 8 John Cook 3 16 8 Philip Cook 3 16 8 Thomas Connell 3 16 8 Robt. Curtis 3 16 8 Benj. Courtney 3 16 8 John Corbet 3 16 8 Maurice Downey 3 16 8 Robt. Downs 3 16 8 Wm. Edwards 3 16 8 Charles Edgelo 3 16 8 Thos. Elliott 3 16 8 Willm. Foster 3 16 8 Archd. Graham 3 16 8 Willm. Greenup disch. 18 Decr. 3 1 8 Felix Hyder 3 16 8 Willm. Hopkins 3 16 8 Thos. Hillock 3 16 8 Joseph Holloway 3 16 8 Mannard Hayes 3 16 8 Peter Higgins 3 16 8 Edwd. Hazell 3 16 8 John Hilliard 3 16 8 Thos. Hayes 3 16 8 Saml. Harsant 3 16 8 John Hew 3 16 8 Willm. Hardie 3 16 8 Robt. Johnson 3 16 8 Richd. Johnson Private Carried over £ 144 10 4 Carried Over £ 2411 1 6 | The Third Company's privates continued from £19 3s 4d brought over. Brought over, £2,411 1s 6d Privates brought over, £19 3s 4d Frederick William Beard, private, £3 16s 8d Abel Ingall, private, £3 16s 8d James Brown, private, £3 16s 8d John Bullbrook, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Barff, private, £3 16s 8d John Cook, private, £3 16s 8d Philip Cook, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Cornwall, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Crook, private, £3 16s 8d Benjamin Courtney, private, £3 16s 8d John Corbet, private, £3 16s 8d Maurice Downey, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Davis, private, £3 16s 8d William Edwards, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Edgell, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Elliot, private, £3 16s 8d William Foster, private, £3 16s 8d Archibald Graham, private, £3 16s 8d William Gurrup, private, discharged on 13 December 1770, £3 1s 8d Peter Hyde, private, £3 16s 8d William Holden, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hillock, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Holloway, private, £3 16s 8d Maynard Hays, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Higgins, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Hazell, private, £3 16s 8d John Hilliard, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hayes, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Howard, private, £3 16s 8d John Howe, private, £3 16s 8d William Hardie, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried over, £144 18s 4d Carried over, £2,411 1s 6d Interpretations William Gurrup drew a private's pay until his discharge on 13 December 1770, three days after the Council appointed him carpenter's mate. The Council had also backdated his new salary to the day after James Hogg's death in November. For close to four weeks Gurrup was therefore paid both as a soldier and as carpenter's mate. Backdating the civilian salary rewarded him for taking on Hogg's work at once. Leaving his military pay to run until his formal discharge followed the normal rule that a soldier was paid until struck off the roll. | |
62 | 21st January Brought over £ 2411 1 6 Private Brought over £ 144 18 4 Willm. Johnson 3 16 8 Sutton Isaacs disch. 2d. Octr. 6 8 Saml. Johnson 3 16 8 John Johnson 3 16 8 James Kemp 3 16 8 Edwd. Lambing 3 16 8 Bryan Lynch 3 16 8 George Lockram 3 16 8 John Lane 3 16 8 Richd. Moyce 3 16 8 Thos. Morris 3 16 8 Abraham Major 3 16 8 Thos. Matthews 3 16 8 Joseph Martin 3 16 8 Charles Mattis 3 16 8 John Merrill 3 16 8 Abraham Miller 3 16 8 Willm. Medcalf 3 16 8 Thomas Perry 3 16 8 Willm. Perkis 3 16 8 David Patton 3 16 8 James Proctor 3 16 8 Richd. Penny 3 16 8 Saml. Redding 3 16 8 James Royer 3 16 8 Robt. Stack 3 16 8 Adam Scott 3 16 8 Willm. Smith 3 16 8 Arthur Shell 3 16 8 John Shurland 3 16 8 Richd. Slaughter 3 16 8 Richd. Spike 3 16 8 John Slade 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 267 18 4 Carried Over £ 2411 1 6 | The Third Company's privates continued from £144 18s 4d brought over. Brought over, £2,411 1s 6d Privates brought over, £144 18s 4d William Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Tatton Jacks, private, discharged on 8 October 1770, £0 6s 8d Samuel Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d John Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d James Kemp, private, £3 16s 8d Edward Lambson, private, £3 16s 8d Bryan Lynch, private, £3 16s 8d George Littleton, private, £3 16s 8d John Lane, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Moyce, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Morris, private, £3 16s 8d Abraham Myer, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Matthews, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Martin, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Morris, private, £3 16s 8d John Morrell, private, £3 16s 8d Abraham Miller, private, £3 16s 8d William Medcalf, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Parry, private, £3 16s 8d William Parker, private, £3 16s 8d David Patten, private, £3 16s 8d James Procter, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Penney, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Redding, private, £3 16s 8d James Royer, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Stack, private, £3 16s 8d Adam Scott, private, £3 16s 8d William Smith, private, £3 16s 8d Arthur Still, private, £3 16s 8d John Sharland, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Slaughter, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Stile, private, £3 16s 8d John Slade, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried over, £267 18s 4d Carried over, £2,411 1s 6d | |
63 | 1771 Brought over £ 2411 1 6 Private Brought over £ 267 18 4 John Thompson 3 16 8 Thos. Taylor 3 16 8 George Towns 3 16 8 John Thompson Junr. 3 16 8 Richd. Vincent 3 16 8 Thos. Ward 3 16 8 Hatton Walker 3 16 8 James York 3 16 8 298 11 8 Fourth Company vizt. John Howard Captain 59 6 3 Saml. Desfountain Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ James Greentree Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Robert Garling Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. Willm. Moore 7 13 4 John Deale 7 13 4 John Ivey 7 13 4 Thomas Williams 7 13 4 Thos. Hilock 7 13 4 38 6 8 Corporals vizt. Geo. Wood 5 7 4 Benj. Girard 5 7 4 Willm. Sharp 5 7 4 Geo. Smith 5 7 4 21 9 4 Carried Over £ 2938 18 6½ | The Third Company's privates continued from £267 18s 4d brought over. Brought over, £2,411 1s 6d Privates brought over, £267 18s 4d John Thompson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Taylor, private, £3 16s 8d George Towns, private, £3 16s 8d John Thompson junior, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Vincent, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Ward, private, £3 16s 8d Hatton Walker, private, £3 16s 8d James York, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates of the Third Company, £298 11s 8d The pay of the Fourth Company followed. John Howard, captain, £59 6s 3d Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Samuel Desfountain, £36 14s 4½d James Greentree, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d James Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d James Greentree, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Greentree, £36 14s 4½d Robert Gosling, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Robert Gosling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Gosling, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Gosling, £36 14s 4½d William Moore, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Leach, sergeant, £7 13s 4d John Terry, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Williams, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Thomas Pollock, sergeant, £7 13s 4d Total for sergeants, £38 6s 8d George Ward, corporal, £5 7s 4d Benjamin Seward, corporal, £5 7s 4d William Sharp, corporal, £5 7s 4d George Smith, corporal, £5 7s 4d Total for corporals, £21 9s 4d Carried over, £2,938 18s 6½d Interpretations James Greentree, who signed the inhabitants' proposals on dogs as Sheriff on 19 November 1770, drew his pay as a lieutenant of the Fourth Company. The island's chief civil officer for enforcing orders and summoning meetings was a serving officer of the garrison. On St Helena the Company's military establishment and civil government were staffed from one pool of men. The Sheriff's authority over the inhabitants rested partly on his commission. | |
64 | 21st January Brought over £ 2938 18 6½ Drummers vizt. Saml. Moya 5 7 4 John Harper 5 7 4 10 14 8 Private vizt. John Allen 3 16 8 Geo. Bennet 3 16 8 Joseph Blackwell 3 16 8 John Bowler 3 16 8 Willm. Blackman 3 16 8 Thos. Bailey 3 16 8 Richd. Bickerstaff 3 16 8 Willm. Caleb Baldwin 3 16 8 James Boyce 3 16 8 Willm. Cockney 3 16 8 Duncan Cameron 3 16 8 Richd. Clax 3 16 8 Josiah Cummings 3 16 8 John Coleman 3 16 8 Thos. Christian 3 16 8 John Campion 3 16 8 Saml. Clare 3 16 8 Thos. Dawson 3 16 8 James Dennis 3 16 8 Francs. Flynn 3 16 8 Chas. Field 3 16 8 Henry Friendly 3 16 8 Thos. Ferris 3 16 8 Willm. Fairclif 3 16 8 Geo. Green 3 16 8 John Gilmore 3 16 8 Edwd. German 3 16 8 Henry Hemmberg 3 16 8 Private Carr. over £ 107 6 8 Carried over £ 2949 12 2½ | The Fourth Company's pay list continued from £2,938 18s 6½d brought over. Brought over, £2,938 18s 6½d Samuel Meyer, drummer, £5 7s 4d John Harper, drummer, £5 7s 4d Total for drummers, £10 14s 8d John Allen, private, £3 16s 8d George Bennet, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph Blackwell, private, £3 16s 8d John Bowler, private, £3 16s 8d William Blackman, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Bailey, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Bickerstaff, private, £3 16s 8d William Caleb Baldwin, private, £3 16s 8d James Boyce, private, £3 16s 8d William Cooksey, private, £3 16s 8d Duncan Cannon, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Close, private, £3 16s 8d Isaac Cummings, private, £3 16s 8d John Coleman, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Christian, private, £3 16s 8d John Cooper, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Clan, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Dawson, private, £3 16s 8d James Dennis, private, £3 16s 8d Francis Flynn, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Field, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Friendly, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Ferris, private, £3 16s 8d William Fairclough, private, £3 16s 8d George Green, private, £3 16s 8d John Gilmore, private, £3 16s 8d Peter Gorman, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Greenbury, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried over, £107 6s 8d Carried over, £2,949 13s 2½d | |
65 | 1771 Brought over £ 2949 12 2½ Private brought over £ 107 6 8 Roger Hayden 3 16 8 Henry Hamilton 3 16 8 Thos. Hilliard 3 16 8 Robt. Harmer 3 16 8 John Hearne 3 16 8 Willm. Hales 3 16 8 Christopher Johnson 3 16 8 Thos. Johnson 3 16 8 John Joya 3 16 8 John Jones 3 16 8 James Jordan 3 16 8 Richd. Kempton 3 16 8 Michael Kenny 3 16 8 Thos. Lyne 3 16 8 Charles Lewellen 3 16 8 Timy. Larry 3 16 8 Murdock McLeod 3 16 8 John Moyce 3 16 8 Thos. McDearman 3 16 8 Robt. May 3 16 8 Willm. Morgan 3 16 8 Jona. Mallet 3 16 8 John Moya 3 16 8 Richd. Mundies 3 16 8 John Newton 3 16 8 James Newport 3 16 8 John Oswald 3 16 8 Danl. Patrick 3 16 8 William Parker 3 16 8 Thos. Pritchard 3 16 8 John Pink 3 16 8 John Phair 3 16 8 James Richardson Private Carried over £ 233 16 8 Carried over £ 2949 12 2½ | The Fourth Company's privates continued from £107 6s 8d brought over. Brought over, £2,949 12s 2½d Privates brought over, £107 6s 8d Roger Hayden, private, £3 16s 8d Henry Hamilton, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Hilliard, private, £3 16s 8d Robert Haynes, private, £3 16s 8d John Hearne, private, £3 16s 8d William Ashe, private, £3 16s 8d Christopher Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Johnson, private, £3 16s 8d John Joyce, private, £3 16s 8d John Jones, private, £3 16s 8d James Jordan, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Kempton, private, £3 16s 8d Michael Leary, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Lyne, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Lucken, private, £3 16s 8d Timothy Lacy, private, £3 16s 8d Murdock McLeod, private, £3 16s 8d John Moyes, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas McDurman, private, £3 16s 8d Robert May, private, £3 16s 8d William Morgan, private, £3 16s 8d James Mallet, private, £3 16s 8d John Meyer, private, £3 16s 8d Richard Munday, private, £3 16s 8d John Newton, private, £3 16s 8d James Newport, private, £3 16s 8d John Oswald, private, £3 16s 8d Daniel Patrick, private, £3 16s 8d William Parker, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Prichard, private, £3 16s 8d John Peck, private, £3 16s 8d John Rose, private, £3 16s 8d James Richardson, private, £3 16s 8d Privates carried over, £233 16s 8d Carried over, £2,949 12s 2½d | |
66 | 21st January Brought over £ 2949 12 2½ Private Brought over £ 233 16 8 John Shaw 3 16 8 Willm. Scotman 3 16 8 James Sax 3 16 8 Charles Smith 3 16 8 James Stoppard 3 16 8 John Tolliddel 3 16 8 Willm. Taylor 3 16 8 Willm. Tucker 3 16 8 Stephen Vanderbont 3 16 8 Willm. Wait 3 16 8 Thos. Watts 3 16 8 James Willson 3 16 8 Saml. Willson 3 16 8 Peter White 3 16 8 John Wood 3 16 8 Joseph West 3 16 8 Willm. Stedman 3 16 8 299 Artillery Company vizt. James Tippet Captain 59 6 3 Thos. Leech Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ John Shirley Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Robert Gibson Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Carried Over £ 3418 2 7 | The Fourth Company's privates continued from £233 16s 8d brought over. Brought over, £2,949 12s 2½d Privates brought over, £233 16s 8d John Shaw, private, £3 16s 8d William Scotman, private, £3 16s 8d James Sea, private, £3 16s 8d Charles Smith, private, £3 16s 8d James Stoppard, private, £3 16s 8d John Tolldel, private, £3 16s 8d William Taylor, private, £3 16s 8d William Tucker, private, £3 16s 8d Stephen Vanderhavel, private, £3 16s 8d William Wait, private, £3 16s 8d Thomas Wilder, private, £3 16s 8d James Willian, private, £3 16s 8d Samuel Wilson, private, £3 16s 8d Peter White, private, £3 16s 8d John Wood, private, £3 16s 8d Joseph West, private, £3 16s 8d William Stedman, private, £3 16s 8d Total for privates of the Fourth Company, £299 0s 0d The pay of the Artillery Company followed. James Tippet, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Lock, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Lock, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Lock, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Lock, £36 14s 4½d John Shelley, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d John Shelley, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Shelley, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Shelley, £36 14s 4½d Robert Gillon, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Robert Gillon, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Gillon, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Gillon, £36 14s 4½d Carried over, £3,418 2s 7d Interpretations James Tippet drew £59 6s 3d as captain of the Artillery Company on top of his £50 0s 0d a quarter as engineer. That made him by far the best-paid officer after the Governor. The combination was a practical one. The man who designed and built the batteries also commanded the gunners who manned them, so the works and the guns answered to one officer. John Shelley, who sought the Council's leave on 10 December 1770 to transfer his ground in James's Valley to his sister, was one of Tippet's lieutenants. | |
67 | 1771 Brought over £ 3418 2 7 Sergeants vizt. John Whitchurch 9 4 John Turner 9 4 James Parfett 9 4 Thos. Jones 9 4 36 16 Corporals vizt. Sedgwick Wetherall 6 18 Benj. Holmes 6 18 Saml. Ringrose 6 18 James Waller 6 18 27 12 Bombardiers vizt. Willm. Pink 6 18 Willm. Crabb 6 18 John Fox 6 18 Willm. Stapleford 6 18 27 12 Gunners vizt. John Smith 6 2 8 Thos. Yates 6 2 8 Philip Connaway 6 2 8 Willm. Rankin 6 2 8 Willm. Harper 6 2 8 Joseph Griffiths 6 2 8 Andrew Tedrick 6 2 8 John Towers 6 2 8 49 1 4 Drummers vizt. Joseph Purdy 5 7 4 Joseph Branston 5 7 4 Willm. Gibson from 2 Oct. Entd. 4 10 15 4 8 Carried Over £ 3574 8 7 | The Artillery Company's pay list continued from £3,418 2s 7d brought over. Brought over, £3,418 2s 7d John Whitchurch, sergeant, £9 4s 0d John Turner, sergeant, £9 4s 0d James Pickett, sergeant, £9 4s 0d Thomas Jones, sergeant, £9 4s 0d Total for sergeants, £36 16s 0d Sedgwick Bothwell, corporal, £6 18s 0d Benjamin Holmes, corporal, £6 18s 0d Samuel Ringrose, corporal, £6 18s 0d James Walker, corporal, £6 18s 0d Total for corporals, £27 12s 0d William Pink, bombardier, £6 18s 0d William Crabb, bombardier, £6 18s 0d John Fox, bombardier, £6 18s 0d William Stapleford, bombardier, £6 18s 0d Total for bombardiers, £27 12s 0d John Smyth, gunner, £6 2s 8d Thomas Waters, gunner, £6 2s 8d Philip Conway, gunner, £6 2s 8d William Rankin, gunner, £6 2s 8d William Harper, gunner, £6 2s 8d Joseph Griffiths, gunner, £6 2s 8d Andrew Pidcock, gunner, £6 2s 8d John Towers, gunner, £6 2s 8d Total for gunners, £49 1s 4d Joseph Pride, drummer, £5 7s 4d Joseph Branston, drummer, £5 7s 4d William Green, drummer, enlisted on 3 October 1770, £4 10s 0d Total for drummers, £15 4s 8d Carried over, £3,574 8s 7d Interpretations Every rank in the artillery earned more than its counterpart in the infantry. An artillery sergeant drew £9 4s 0d against an infantry sergeant's £7 13s 4d. A gunner drew £6 2s 8d, more than half as much again as an infantry private's £3 16s 8d. The premium paid for skill. A gunner had to judge charges, lay a piece and handle powder safely, and the island's defence rested on the batteries more than on its foot companies. Bombardiers ranked with corporals and were responsible for the mortars, fusing shells and preparing the firework used in them. The higher pay also made a transfer to the artillery a step up for an infantryman such as William Downing on 3 October 1770. | |
68 | [Foot of the page cut off at the lower edge of the image; the last visible name and its figures are only partly shown.] 21st January Brought over £ 3574 8 7 Matrosses vizt. Charles Abraham 4 12 Willm. Allen 4 12 Benj. Burton 4 12 Willm. Blavin 4 12 Joseph Bowman 4 12 Thos. Brown 4 12 John Cope 4 12 Robert Cunningham 4 12 Matthw. Charlton 4 12 John Coleman 4 12 Matthw. Craven 4 12 Willm. Durham 4 12 James Dunn 4 12 James Dawson 4 12 John Douse 4 12 Willm. Dowsing from 6th Oct. Entd. from 2d. C. 4 1 Willm. Emerson 4 12 John Euston 4 12 Christian Grunewald 4 12 Thos. Gorrell 4 12 Thos. Green Senr. 4 12 John Glenny to 5th Oct. Transd. to 2d. Compy. 5 James Gillmore 4 12 Henry Grey 4 12 Thos. Green Junr. 4 12 James Griffiths 4 12 Owen Howard 4 12 Alexander Henderson 4 12 Francs. Harding 4 12 Miles Hopper 4 12 Willm. Jenkins 4 12 John Lawson 4 12 [...] 4 12 | The Artillery Company's matrosses followed, continuing from £3,574 8s 7d brought over. Brought over, £3,574 8s 7d Charles Abrahams, matross, £4 12s 0d William Allen, matross, £4 12s 0d Benjamin Braxton, matross, £4 12s 0d William Blevin, matross, £4 12s 0d Joseph Bowman, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Bowen, matross, £4 12s 0d John Cope, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Cunningham, matross, £4 12s 0d Matthew Charlton, matross, £4 12s 0d John Coleman, matross, £4 12s 0d Matthew Craven, matross, £4 12s 0d William Durham, matross, £4 12s 0d James Dunn, matross, £4 12s 0d James Dawson, matross, £4 12s 0d John Dowes, matross, £4 12s 0d William Downing, matross from 4 October 1770, transferred from the Second Company, £4 9s 0d William Emerson, matross, £4 12s 0d John Easton, matross, £4 12s 0d Christian Grunewald, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Garrett, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Green senior, matross, £4 12s 0d John Glynny, matross to 5 October 1770, then transferred to the Second Company, £0 5s 0d James Gilmore, matross, £4 12s 0d Henry Grey, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Green junior, matross, £4 12s 0d James Griffiths, matross, £4 12s 0d Owen Howard, matross, £4 12s 0d Alexander Henderson, matross, £4 12s 0d Francis Harding, matross, £4 12s 0d Mathias Hoffer, matross, £4 12s 0d William Jenkins, matross, £4 12s 0d John Lawson, matross, £4 12s 0d [...], matross, £4 12s 0d Interpretations John Glynny and William Downing changed places within days of each other. Glynny left the artillery on 5 October 1770 for the Second Company, while Downing came into the artillery from the same company on 4 October. Moving down from matross to infantry private cost Glynny 15s 4d a quarter. The exchange was perhaps by mutual arrangement. A matross's place was limited in number, and a vacancy in the artillery could be filled only when another man left it. | |
69 | 1771 Brought over £ 3574 8 7 Matrosses brought over £ 147 4 John Moore 4 12 Robt. Morgan 4 12 Thos. Mathers 4 12 John Mann 4 12 John Miller 4 12 Thos. Nimble 4 12 Isaac Newland 4 12 Robert Nichols 4 12 Willm. Philips 4 12 James Peacock 4 12 John Parker 4 12 Richd. Pearce 4 12 Willm. Robinson 4 12 Robt. Petty 4 12 Andrew Scooner 4 12 Godfrey Smith 4 12 Stephen Swartsen 4 12 Willm. Shore 4 12 Saml. Smith 4 12 Geo. Steel 4 12 Richd. Waterhouse 4 12 John Willson 4 12 Saml. Wood 4 12 John White 4 12 Thos. Watson 4 12 Thos. Williams 4 12 Willm. Weeden 4 12 Joseph Fellows 4 12 276 Pensioners vizt. Nathan Sampell 13 15 11 Michael Frost 13 15 11 Mary Beale 7 10 Eliz. Kennedy 7 10 John Lemon 3 8 3 46 1 £ 3896 8 8 | The matrosses continued from £147 4s 0d brought over. Brought over, £3,574 8s 7d Matrosses brought over, £147 4s 0d John Moore, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Morgan, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Matthews, matross, £4 12s 0d John Mann, matross, £4 12s 0d John Miller, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Nimble, matross, £4 12s 0d Evan Rowland, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Nichols, matross, £4 12s 0d William Phillips, matross, £4 12s 0d James Peacock, matross, £4 12s 0d John Parker, matross, £4 12s 0d Richard Pearce, matross, £4 12s 0d William Robinson, matross, £4 12s 0d Robert Riley, matross, £4 12s 0d Andrew Seaver, matross, £4 12s 0d Godfrey Smith, matross, £4 12s 0d Stephen Smithson, matross, £4 12s 0d William More, matross, £4 12s 0d Samuel Smith, matross, £4 12s 0d George Frost, matross, £4 12s 0d Archibald Waterhouse, matross, £4 12s 0d John Wilson, matross, £4 12s 0d Samuel Wood, matross, £4 12s 0d John White, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Watson, matross, £4 12s 0d Thomas Williams, matross, £4 12s 0d William Winder, matross, £4 12s 0d Joseph Fellows, matross, £4 12s 0d Total for matrosses, £276 0s 0d The list closed with the Company's pensioners. Nathan Campbell, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Michael Frost, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Mary Beale, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Bennet, pensioner, £7 10s 0d John Lemon, pensioner, £3 8s 3d Total for pensioners, £46 0s 1d Total of the pay list, £3,896 8s 8d Interpretations The pensioners show that the Company accepted a continuing duty to those worn out or widowed in its service. Two men drew more than £55 0s 0d a year each, well above a private's pay, which suggests former officers or men disabled in the Company's service. Mary Beale and Elizabeth Bennet received £30 0s 0d a year each, probably as widows of officers or senior servants. On an island with no parish poor relief beyond what the church could raise, these pensions were the only support available. Paying them kept dependants from destitution and kept the garrison's families attached to the Company. The pay list for the quarter came to £3,896 8s 8d, close to the £3,911 7s 5d of the pay account for the quarter ending 30 September 1770. The garrison and establishment stayed almost unchanged in size through the autumn. Changes came only through individual deaths, transfers and discharges, all recorded to the day. | |
70 | 21st January Dr. William Wrangham 1770 December 31 To Cash from the Chest £ 4397 1 Carried over £ 4397 1 | The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster for the quarter recorded a single receipt. Cash received from the treasury chest on 31 December 1770, £4,397 0s 1d Carried over, £4,397 0s 1d | |
71 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1770 Oct. 3 By Cash paid the Clerk of Arraignments & Cryer of the Court of Justice 12 6 By do. paid the Clerk of the Peace his Fees for a Bill of Indictment swearing two Witnesses & discharging Willm. Pressnell 5 2 By do. paid for 10 Solder @ 6½ for tinning the Kitchen Furniture at the Castle 5 4 By do. paid the Clerk of the Peace & Goalers Fees for Pilloryng Sutton Isaacs, & Others more than pay due to him from the Company 3 6 By do. paid for 162½ Beef for the Company's Table 3 7 8 By do. paid for the following for do. vizt. 9 New Milk Cheeses £ 1 6 219¼ Beef 4 7 2 12 Veal 6 27 Pork 13 6 6 12 8 By do. paid Adam Evans for making two Case Girths for the Company's Horses 5 By do. paid John Bowler for taking a Black Woman who had Absconded above a Fortnight 12 6 Nov. 10 By do. paid for the following for the Company's Table vizt. 237 Beef £ 5 19 1 26 Turkeys 6 10 8 Pigs 2 12 Geese 3 7 Cheeses 1 4 9 19 Ducks 1 1 58½ doz. Eggs 5 2 9 5½ do. Fowls 4 9 1 Tongue 3 6 30 7 Decr. 31 By Cash paid Thomas Jordan for Mowing in the Long Wood 39 Days @ 1/ pr. Day 2 11 By do. paid Robt. Barclay Surgeon for Necessarys supplyed the Hospital in the Year ending this day 11 8 7 Carried over £ 56 7 6 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster recorded the following payments. Paid in October 1770 to the clerk of arraignments for his fees at a court of justice, £0 12s 6d Paid to the clerk of the peace for his fees for a bill of indictment, swearing two witnesses and discharging Wills, a prisoner, £0 5s 2d Solder for tinning the kitchen vessels at the Castle, 10 lb, £0 5s 4d Paid to the clerk of the peace and the gaoler for their fees for putting Tatton Jacks in the pillory, being more than the pay due to him from the Company, £0 3s 6d Beef for the Company's table, 162½ lb, £3 7s 8d New milk cheeses for the Company's table, 7, £0 6s 0d Beef for the Company's table, 209¼ lb, £4 7s 2d Veal for the Company's table, 12 lb, £0 6s 0d Pork for the Company's table, 77 lb, £1 13s 6d Total for provisions, £6 12s 8d Paid to Adam Evans for making 2 girths for the Company's horses, £0 5s 0d Paid to John Bowler for capturing a black woman who had run away about a fortnight earlier, £0 12s 6d Beef for the Company's table on 10 November 1770, [...], £5 19s 7d Turkeys, 26, £6 10s 0d Pigs, 8, £2 0s 0d Geese, 12, £3 0s 0d Cheeses, 7, £1 4s 9d Ducks, 14, £1 1s 0d Eggs, 58½ dozen, £5 2s 9d Fowls, 5½ dozen, £4 19s 0d Tongue, 1, £0 3s 6d Total for provisions, £30 0s 7d Paid on 31 December 1770 to Thomas Jordan for mowing at Longwood, 34 days at 1s 6d a day, £2 11s 0d Paid to Robert Barclay, surgeon, for necessaries supplied to the hospital in the year ending 31 December 1770, £11 8s 7d Carried over, £56 7s 6d Interpretations The fee for pillorying Tatton Jacks shows how the Company charged a soldier's punishment to the soldier himself. The costs of the clerk of the peace and the gaoler were set against his remaining pay. When they came to more than he was owed at his discharge on 8 October 1770, the Company met the difference. Punishment was thus expected to be self-financing, and only an offender's poverty shifted its cost to the public. The 12s 6d paid to John Bowler for bringing in a black woman who had been missing for about a fortnight was a reward for capturing a runaway slave. The sum was more than three weeks of a private soldier's pay. A fixed reward of this size gave every soldier and inhabitant a reason to watch for absent slaves. It made recapture a source of income and helped hold the slave population in place on an island where there was nowhere to escape to except the ravines and the uplands. | |
72 | 21st January Dr. William Wrangham 1770 December 31 Brought Over £ 4397 1 Carried Over £ 4397 1 | The debit side of William Wrangham's account took no new entries on its second page. The single sum received from the chest was simply carried forward. Brought over on 31 December 1770, £4,397 0s 1d Carried over, £4,397 0s 1d | |
73 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1770 Decr. 31 Brought over £ 56 7 6 By Cash paid Robert Barclay Surgeon for his Trouble in supplying the Hospital with Provisions in the Year ending this day 8 By do. pd. the Fife Major for teachg. the young Fifers 92 Days 2 6 By do. paid for 255 Beef for the Company's Table 5 6 3 By do. paid Noqueda Poculum & Massfunge their Allowance for Salt Meat & House Rent 6 11 By do. paid Willm. Jenkins for Bakg. 143 Batches Bread for the Garrison @ 20d. pr. Batch 11 18 4 By do. paid Munday & Lambo two of the Honble. Compys. Slaves for taking two Run away Blacks 10 By do. paid John Robins for a Lock for the Lieu. Govr. House 1 5 By do. paid the Lieut. Govr. for Mutton 3 By do. paid for the following Work in repairg. Gun Carriages vizt. 18 Days Carpr. Work £ 1 7 4 do. Sawyers 6 15¼ Smiths 1 2 10½ 16¾ Painters 3 9 4½ 6 5 3 By do. paid for the followg. Work repairg. the Draw Bridge vizt. 23 Days Carpts. £ 1 17 6 4 do. Sawyers 6 12 Smiths 7 6 2 11 By do. paid for the following Work at the Barracks vizt. 93½ days Carpenters 1/6 £ 7 3 49 do. do. 1/3 3 1 3 78 do. Sawyers 5 17 469¼ Masons 35 3 10½ 401¾ Stone Blowers 30 2 7½ 64 Overseers 8 11 160¾ Smiths 12 1 1 26 Overseers 1 6 4210½ Labourers 210 10 6 313 13 7 Carried Over £ 417 13 11 | The credit side of the paymaster's account continued from £56 7s 6d brought over. Brought over, £56 7s 6d Paid on 31 December 1770 to Robert Barclay, surgeon, for his trouble in supplying the hospital with provisions during the year, £8 0s 0d Paid to the fife major for teaching the young fifers, 92 days, £2 6s 0d Beef for the Company's table, 255 lb, £5 6s 3d Paid to Nuquada, Pocalun and Masfanger as their allowance for salt meat and house rent, £6 11s 0d Paid to William Jenkins for baking 143 batches of bread for the garrison at 20d a batch, £11 18s 4d Paid to Munday and Limbo, two of the Company's slaves, for capturing two runaway slaves, £0 10s 0d Paid to John Robins for a lock for the Lieutenant Governor's house, £1 5s 0d Paid to the Lieutenant Governor for mutton, £3 0s 0d Carpenters' work repairing gun carriages, 18 days, £1 7s 0d Sawyers' work on the gun carriages, 4 days, £0 6s 0d Smiths' work on the gun carriages, 15¼ days, £1 2s 10½d Painters' work on the gun carriages, 46¼ days, £3 9s 4½d Total for the gun carriages, £6 5s 3d Carpenters' work repairing the drawbridge, 25 days, £1 17s 6d Sawyers' work on the drawbridge, 4 days, £0 6s 0d Smiths' work on the drawbridge, 5 days, £0 7s 6d Total for the drawbridge, £2 11s 0d Carpenters' work at the barracks at 1s 6d a day, 93½ days, £7 0s 3d Carpenters' work at the barracks at 1s 3d a day, 49 days, £3 1s 3d Sawyers' work at the barracks, 78 days, £5 17s 0d Masons' work at the barracks, 469¼ days, £35 3s 10½d Stone blowers' work at the barracks, 401¾ days, £30 2s 7½d Overseers' work at the barracks, [...] days, £8 11s 0d Smiths' work at the barracks, 160¾ days, £12 1s 1½d Overseers' work at the barracks, 26 days, £1 6s 0d Labourers' work at the barracks, 4,210½ days, £210 10s 6d Total for the barracks, £313 13s 7d Carried over, £417 13s 11d Interpretations Munday and Limbo, themselves Company slaves, received 5s each for bringing in two runaways. A soldier, John Bowler, had received 12s 6d for a single capture in the same quarter. Paying slaves to catch other slaves turned the enslaved population against its own fugitives. Slaves knew the ravines and hiding places far better than soldiers did. The lower rate still gave them a real reward, which in a slave's position might buy food, drink or small comforts. The Company thus enlisted the slave community in its own policing at half the cost of using its troops. The allowance to Nuquada, Pocalun and Masfanger for salt meat and house rent bears out the impression left by the Malays' separate store account. Nuquada was probably not a personal name but the Malay title nakhoda, the master of a trading vessel. Men holding such a rank, given a cash allowance and a house at the Company's charge, were not ordinary slaves. They were perhaps a ship's officers or notables held on the island, maintained in a manner suited to their standing. The barracks absorbed £313 13s 7d in wages in a single quarter, with more than 4,200 labourer-days. The scale confirms that this was the largest building project on the island in the period. It used masons and stone blowers on a scale previously seen only at Munden's Point. | |
74 | 21st January Dr. William Wrangham 1770 December 31st Brought over £ 4397 1 Carried over £ 4397 1 | Once again, the debit page of the paymaster's account carried William Wrangham's single receipt forward unchanged. Brought over on 31 December 1770, £4,397 0s 1d Carried over, £4,397 0s 1d | |
75 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1770 Decr. 31st Brought over £ 417 13 11 By Cash paid 18 Days Carpent. Work at Banks 1 7 By do. paid for the following Work at the Lieut. Govr. House vizt. 13 Days Carpenters £ 19 6 72 Stone Cutters 5 8 36 Stone Blowers 2 14 2 Smiths 3 42 Overseers 2 2 52 Labourers 2 12 13 18 6 By do. paid for the following Repairs to the Boats vizt. 4 Days Smiths £ 6 57 Carpenters 4 5 6 4 Sawyers 6 4 17 6 By do. paid for 73¾ days Smiths work in mak. Cots for the Garrison @ 1/6 5 10 8 By do. paid for the followg. Work in rebuilding the West Bastion in James Valley vizt. 24 Days Stone Cutters £ 1 16 14 do. Overseers 14 12 do. Labourers 12 3 2 By do. paid 42 Days Lab. Work Clearing Side Path 2 2 By do. do. 4 do. Smiths Work at the Plant. House 6 By do. paid 23 do. Labourers do. clearg. the Lines in James Valley 1 3 By do. paid 18¾ do. do. do. Rupert Path 18 9 By do. paid 13½ do. Smiths do. making Rails for the Mount 1 3 By do. paid 37 do. do. do. making Bricks 2 15 6 By do. paid 30 do. Overseers do. do. do. 1 10 By do. paid 60 do. Labourers do. do. do. 3 By do. paid 363 do. do. bringing Lime from Sandy Bay 18 3 By do. paid 24 do. Carpenters Work in making Cots for the Garrison 1 16 Carried Over £ 478 18 1 | The paymaster's credit account continued from £417 13s 11d brought over. Brought over, £417 13s 11d Carpenters' work at Banks's on 31 December 1770, 18 days, £1 7s 0d Carpenters' work at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 13 days, £0 19s 6d Stonecutters' work at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 72 days, £5 8s 0d Stone blowers' work at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 36 days, £2 14s 0d Smiths' work at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 2 days, £0 3s 0d Overseers' work at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 42 days, £2 2s 0d Labourers' work at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 52 days, £2 12s 0d Total for the Lieutenant Governor's house, £13 18s 6d Smiths' work repairing the boats, 4 days, £0 6s 0d Carpenters' work repairing the boats, 57 days, £4 5s 6d Sawyers' work repairing the boats, 4 days, £0 6s 0d Total for the boats, £4 17s 6d Smiths' work making cots for the garrison at 1s 6d a day, 73¾ days, £5 10s 8d Stonecutters' work rebuilding the West Bastion in James's Valley, 24 days, £1 16s 0d Overseers' work at the West Bastion, 14 days, £0 14s 0d Labourers' work at the West Bastion, 12 days, £0 12s 0d Total for the West Bastion, £3 2s 0d Labourers' work clearing Side Path, 42 days, £2 2s 0d Smiths' work at the Plantation House, 4 days, £0 6s 0d Labourers' work clearing the lines in James's Valley, 23 days, £1 3s 0d Labourers' work clearing Rupert's path, 18¾ days, £0 18s 9d Smiths' work making rails for the mount, 13½ days, £1 0s 3d Work making bricks, 37 days, £2 15s 6d Overseers' work at the brickmaking, 30 days, £1 10s 0d Labourers' work at the brickmaking, 60 days, £3 0s 0d Labourers' work bringing lime from Sandy Bay, 363 days, £18 3s 0d Carpenters' work making cots for the garrison, 24 days, £1 16s 0d Carried over, £478 18s 1d Interpretations The brickmaking that the Council confirmed on 7 January 1771 already appeared in the wages for the last quarter of 1770. It took 37 days of skilled work, 30 of overseers and 60 of labourers. Bringing lime from Sandy Bay took 363 labourer-days, far more than the brickmaking itself. The kilns lay on the far side of the island from James's Valley. Every load of lime for the barracks mortar had to be carried over the central ridge or brought round by boat. The cost of moving lime was a hidden weight on all the masonry works, and it helps explain the Council's interest in materials that could be made closer to where they were used. | |
76 | 21st January Dr. William Wrangham 1770 December 31st Brought over £ 4397 1 £ 4397 1 | William Wrangham's debit account for the quarter closed at the same figure it had carried throughout. Brought over on 31 December 1770, £4,397 0s 1d Total, £4,397 0s 1d | |
77 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1770 Decemr. 31st Brought Over £ 478 18 1 By Cash paid for the following Work in repairg. the Castle vizt. 13¾ Days Masons £ 1 7½ 7 Smiths 10 6 25¾ do. Painters 1 18 7 17¾ do. Plaisterers 1 6 7½ 185½ do. Labourers 9 5 6 21 do. Lime Burning 1 11 6 15 13 9 By Cash paid Willm. Greenup for Relisting to serve the Honble. Company 5 Years as a Soldier subject to the Articles of War from 3d. Oct. last 2 By do. paid Charles Golding who agreed to relist as a Soldier at the expiration of his contracted time & is since dead 2 By do. paid Thos. Tyler who agreed as above & afterwards deserted 2 500 11 5 By Amount of the Pay Account 3896 8 8 £ 4397 1 31 December 1770 Errors Excepted (signed) William Wrangham Paymaster Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of December last which is as follows vizt. | The paymaster's credit account continued from £478 18s 1d brought over. Brought over, £478 18s 1d Masons' work repairing the Castle on 31 December 1770, 13¾ days, £1 0s 7½d Smiths' work repairing the Castle, 7 days, £0 10s 6d Painters' work repairing the Castle, 25¾ days, £1 18s 7d Plasterers' work repairing the Castle, 17¾ days, £1 6s 7½d Labourers' work repairing the Castle, 185½ days, £9 5s 6d Lime burning for the Castle repairs, 21 days, £1 11s 6d Total for the Castle, £15 13s 4d Paid to William Gissing for enlisting to serve the Company for 5 years as a soldier under the Articles of War from 3 October 1770, £2 0s 0d Paid to Charles Golding, who agreed to enlist as a soldier when his contracted term expired and has since died, £2 0s 0d Paid to Thomas Tyler, who agreed on the same terms and later deserted, £2 0s 0d Subtotal, £500 11s 5d Amount of the pay account, £3,896 8s 8d Total, £4,397 0s 1d William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster on 31 December 1770, reserving the right to correct any errors. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for December 1770. Interpretations The Company paid a bounty of £2 0s 0d, more than half a private's quarterly pay, to men who signed on as soldiers. Charles Golding and Thomas Tyler were already on the island under contract, probably as artificers or servants bound for a fixed term. They took the bounty in return for a promise to enlist when that term ran out. The arrangement secured future recruits without the cost of bringing them from England, but it put the money at risk long before any service was given. Golding died and Tyler deserted, and both losses fell on the Company. William Gissing's enlistment under the Articles of War made him subject to military law, which a civilian contract did not. | |
78 | Cash Dr. 1770 Decr. 1st To Balance remaining £ 10273 9 31 To James Powell recd. of him for Stores Sold in the Quarter ending this day 2265 1 3 To Plantation for Provision Sold 40 15 8 To Licences 12 10 To Sundry Accounts Recd. for damaged Goods Sold at Public Auction 9 9 2 £ 12601 5 1 Per Contra Cr. 1770 Decr. 31st By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Paymaster to pay Salarys &c. in the Quart. endg. this day 4397 1 By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 7664 10 In Cash Notes 539 15 8204 5 £ 12601 5 1 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling Margin Notes: 21st January | The Council's count of the Company's cash for December 1770 covered the whole quarter's receipts and payments. Money received Balance remaining on 1 December 1770, £10,273 9s 0d Received on 31 December from James Powell for stores sold in the quarter ending that day, £2,265 1s 3d Received from the Plantation for provisions sold, £40 15s 8d Licences, £12 10s 0d Received for damaged goods sold at public auction, £9 9s 2d Total, £12,601 5s 1d Money paid out Paid on 31 December 1770 to various accounts through the paymaster for salaries and other charges in the quarter ending that day, £4,397 0s 1d Balance remaining in coin, £7,664 10s 0d Balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £8,204 5s 0d Total, £12,601 5s 1d Governor Skottowe signed the account with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Store sales rose from £1,773 17s 4d in the quarter ending 30 September 1770 to £2,265 1s 3d. The largest single item was the £675 16s 0d of salt beef and pork sold to the Company's servants. With the herds failing and fresh beef rationed, the garrison and officials turned to the warehouses for salted meat they would otherwise have bought from planters. The drought moved money from the island's farmers into the Company's treasury. The treasury's balance fell by more than £2,000 over the quarter, from £10,273 9s 0d to £8,204 5s 0d. Unlike the September quarter, there was no income from bills of exchange sold to visiting ships, and no customs duty on spirits. Both depended on shipping in the road, and none had brought in money since Captain Mooy's bills in September. Without ships to buy bills or land spirits, the island's coin could only drain away into wages, and the barracks alone were taking more than £300 0s 0d a quarter. | |
79 | 28th January At a Consultation held on Monday the 28th day of January 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 21st January 1771 Thursday the 24th passed by a Ship at a great distance John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 4th day of February 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 28th Jany. 1771 Wednesday the 30th Jany. died Francis Jackson Private Saturday the 2d. Arrived the Prince of Wales Boat at Banks's at ten OClock at Night Yesterday do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Prince of Wales from Bengall and brought us the following Supplys. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 28 January 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 21 January 1771. A ship had passed the island at a great distance on Thursday 24 January 1771. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 4 February 1771, with the same members present. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 28 January 1771. Francis Jackson, a private, had died on Wednesday 30 January 1771. A boat from the Prince of Wales had landed at Banks's at ten o'clock at night on Saturday 2 February 1771. The Company's ship Prince of Wales herself had arrived from Bengal the next day, 3 February 1771. She brought supplies for the island, which the record went on to list. Interpretations The Prince of Wales sent her boat ashore at Banks's at night, a day ahead of her own arrival in the road. Banks's Battery guarded the windward approach, the first point a ship from the east reached. A commander arriving after dark could not safely run into the anchorage. Nor could the garrison be sure that an unknown vessel was friendly. Sending a boat to the nearest battery identified the ship and her business, so that the guns would not fire on her when she rounded the point at daylight. The procedure also gave the Governor a night's warning to prepare for the landing of stores and passengers. She was the first Company ship from Asia since the Lapwing on 6 January 1771, at a time when the treasury had been without income from shipping for months. | |
80 | 4th February Invoice of Ship Prince of Wales Rice Fine B. Md. 60 Bags Wt. 120 @ 2½ pr. Bag 1034 12 9 Paddy F. Md. 15 Bags Wt. 22 20 @ 2 pr. Md. 46 1 Sugar 10 Bags Wt. 20 @ 32 pr. Bag 640 Wax Candles 4 Chests Wt. 8 @ 75 pr. Md. 600 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers @ 180 pr. Leager 302 6 6 2625 4 3 Charges Merchandize 135 Gunny Bags @ 12 pr. Ct. 20 1 3 4 Empty Chests @ pr. Ct. 4 5 3 10 Jute Ropes 11 12 Gunnys 1 5 9 6 Twine 9 6 Nails 7 3 3½ Gurrah of 40 Covid 3 9 6 Dust 1 15 6 Mootras 7 Packers 1 Boathire 15 2 20 Reed Matts 1 11 9 57 15 9 Current Rupees 2683 4 Errors Excepted (signed) L. Darell Sub Accompt. Lieutenant Robert Garling this day presented the following Petition vizt. | The invoice of the Prince of Wales set out the supplies she brought from Bengal, valued in current rupees. Fine rice, 61 bags weighing 170 bazaar maunds, at 17 rupees a bag, 1,036 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Unhusked rice, 18 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, at 2 rupees a maund, 46 rupees 1 anna 0 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds, at 32 rupees a maund, 640 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds, at 75 rupees a maund, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at 150 rupees a leaguer, 302 rupees 6 annas 6 pice Total for merchandise, 2,625 rupees 4 annas 3 pice Gunny bags, 153, at 12 rupees a hundred, 20 rupees 1 anna 3 pice Empty chests, 4, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pice Jute ropes, 10, 0 rupees 11 annas 0 pice Gunnies, 14, 1 rupee 5 annas 9 pice Twine, 6 [...], 0 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Nails, 0 rupees 7 annas 3 pice [...], 3½ [...], 3 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Dustoory, 1 rupee 15 annas 6 pice Porters, 7 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Packers, 1 rupee 0 annas 0 pice Boat hire, 15 rupees 2 annas 0 pice Mats, 20, 1 rupee 11 annas 9 pice Total for charges on the merchandise, 57 rupees 15 annas 9 pice Total in current rupees, 2,683 rupees 4 annas 0 pice L. Darell signed the invoice as sub-accountant, reserving the right to correct any errors. Lieutenant Robert Gosling then presented a petition to the Council. Interpretations The current rupee was the Company's money of account in Bengal, a unit used for bookkeeping, not an actual coin. It divided into 16 annas, each of 12 pice. The bazaar maund was the market weight of Calcutta, about 82 lb, and was divided into 40 seers. A leaguer was a large cask holding roughly 150 gallons. Batavia arrack was distilled by Chinese makers at the Dutch port in Java from rice and molasses, and was reckoned the finest arrack in the East. Gunny was coarse sacking woven from jute, the standard packing of the Bengal trade. Dustoory was the customary commission that Indian agents and servants took on every purchase made through them, a cost so routine that the Company entered it openly as a charge. The porters, packers and boat hire covered the work of carrying the goods through Calcutta and down the Hooghly to the ship. The rice on board came to about 125 cwt. In the last quarter of 1770 the Company's slaves alone had consumed more than 173 cwt. The whole consignment would not cover even one quarter's ration. Rice was the staple that kept the slaves fed while the island's own crops failed. Supplies from Bengal arrived only when a ship happened to call, so the Company's stocks could never run far ahead of consumption. | |
81 | 1771 To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Robert Garling Sheweth That Sarah and Dorothy Powell two of the Nominees in a Lease of your Petitioners for Three Acres of Land are both deceased. Your Petitioner therefore requests your Worship & Council will be pleased to give him leave to insert in their stead the Names of John Doveton Son of Mrs. Mary Doveton Widow and Samuel Mason Son of Mr. Benj. Mason. And as the said Lease is quite worn out Your Petitioner humbly prays your Worship & Council will be pleased to Grant him a new one. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) 4 Feb. 1771 Robert Garling Granted upon his paying half a Years Rent for each Nominee @ 1/6 pr. Acre amounting to Thirteen Shillings & six pence. We this day received the following Letter from Captain Court vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena Gentlemen The distressed sickly situation of our Ships Company obliges me to apply to you for the Assistance of a few Men from the Island, to do the present necessary business of the Ship as we have no more than five White and three Black Men to do the Ships Duty, likewise that you will be so good as to continue the fresh provision every day till our people recover who have been long ill and almost in a dying condition, and that you will give Orders for our being supplied with any necessarys we may want out of the Honble. Company's Stores. I am Gentlemen Your most obedient humble Servant (signed) Ship Prince of Wales 4 Feby. 1771 Jona. Court | Robert Gosling petitioned Governor Skottowe and the Council. He held a lease of three acres of land under which Sarah and Dorothy Powell were two of the nominees, and both had since died. He asked leave to replace them with John Doveton, son of Mary Doveton, widow, and Samuel Mason, son of Benjamin Mason. The lease itself was badly worn, so he also asked for a new one to be issued. He signed the petition on 4 February 1771. The Council granted it on condition that he paid half a year's rent for each nominee, at 1s 6d an acre. The fine came to £0 13s 6d. The Council received a letter the same day from Captain Jonathan Court of the Prince of Wales, dated 4 February 1771. He reported that his crew was in a distressed and sickly state. He had only five white and three black seamen fit to work the ship. He therefore asked the Council to lend him a few men from the island to carry out the ship's essential work. He asked for fresh provisions to be supplied daily until his men recovered, since they had been ill for a long time and some were close to death. He also asked for orders to be given for the Company's stores to supply whatever else he might need. Interpretations Gosling's lease was a lease for lives, a form of tenure common on St Helena and in rural England. The land was held for as long as any of the named nominees lived, not for a fixed number of years. When a nominee died, the holder could pay a fine to the landlord, here the Company, to insert a fresh life and so extend the term. The fine of half a year's rent for each nominee was the price of renewal. Choosing young men such as the sons of Mary Doveton and Benjamin Mason as nominees was a common tactic, since their expected lifespan kept the lease running longest. Captain Court's letter shows the condition in which ships often reached the island after months at sea. With only eight men fit for duty, the Prince of Wales could barely be worked in the road, let alone continue to England. The request for daily fresh provisions came at an awkward time. The Council had cut the allowance of beef to each ship on 31 December 1770 because of the drought. Court's plea tested whether that reduction could stand against a crew close to death. The ships' need for refreshment was the reason the Company held St Helena at all. | |
82 | 4th February Upon which we directed the Secretary to return him the following Answer vizt. To Captain Jona. Court Commander of Ship Prince of Wales Sir I am directed by the Governor & Council to acquaint you that they have Ordered a Sergeant and twenty Private Men on board for the Assistance of your Ship, With respect to your desire of fresh Provision every day for your People, you may be assured of their doing every thing in their Power for the recovery of the Sick, but at the same time must acquaint you that the great distress the Island is at present in, with regard to fresh Provision obliges them to recommend to you to be as sparing as possible in that Article, as they cannot furnish you with more than seven Head of Cattle, but you have their permission to supply yourself from the Planters with what Sheep or Goats you may want. And Mr. Powell the Storekeeper will let you have what necessarys you require for the use of your Ship out of the Honorable Company's Stores. I am Sir Your most Obedt. Hble. Servant (signed) St. Helena 4th February 1771 M. Bazett Secy. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Council told the secretary to send Captain Court a reply. It had ordered a sergeant and 20 privates on board to help work the ship. On fresh provisions, the Council would do all it could for the recovery of the sick. But the island was in serious difficulty for fresh food, so the Council urged him to use as little as possible. It could supply no more than seven head of cattle. He was free to buy sheep or goats from the planters. James Powell, the storekeeper, would issue whatever the ship needed from the Company's stores. Matthew Bazett, the secretary, signed the reply at St Helena on 4 February 1771. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The Council answered the two parts of Captain Court's request quite differently. Men were lent freely. A sergeant and 20 privates was a generous detachment from a small garrison, and it cost the Company nothing it could not spare. Beef was another matter. Faced with a crew close to death, the obvious response would have been to supply fresh meat without limit, since restoring sick seamen was the island's purpose. The Council held instead to the limit it had set on 31 December 1770 and offered only seven head of cattle. It steered the captain towards the planters' sheep and goats. The plantation account for the last quarter of 1770 shows why. The Company's cattle had fallen to 322 head and were dying faster than they bred, while sheep and goats had held up far better in the drought. By sending Court to the planters, the Council fed his crew from the island's healthiest stock. It also let the planters earn from the sale, and it protected the Company's breeding herd for the ships still to come in 1771. | |
83 | 11th Feby. At a Consultation held on Monday the 11th day of February 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 4th February 1771 Messrs. William Young & Robert Garling this day presented the following Petitions vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of William Young Sheweth That your Petitioner is desirous of having a small piece of the Honble. Company's Waste Land adjoining to his Land on Barren Hill which said piece of Land will be very convenient to your Petitioner on Account of shortening his Fence therefore requests your Worship & Council will be pleased to Grant him a Lease for the same. And your Petitioner will ever pray. (signed) 11 February 1771 Will. Young To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Robert Garling Sheweth That your Petitioner is desirous of having a small piece of the Honble. Company's Waste Land adjoining to his Land on Barren Hill which said piece of Land will be very convenient to your Petitioner on account of shortening his Fence therefore requests your Worship & Council will be pleased to Grant him a Lease for the same. And your Petitioner will ever pray. (signed) 11 Feb. 1771 Robert Garling | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 11 February 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 4 February 1771. William Young and Robert Gosling each presented a petition that day. Young wished to rent a small piece of the Company's waste land next to his own land on Barren Hill. The plot would let him shorten his fence, which made it very convenient to him. He asked for a lease of it. He signed the petition on 11 February 1771. Gosling's petition, of the same date, made an identical request. He too wanted a small piece of the Company's waste land next to his land on Barren Hill so that he could shorten his fence. He asked for a lease of it. | |
84 | 11th February Ordered the said Lands to be Viewed The Expence of Artillery Stores & Stewards Accounts for the Month of January last were this day laid before us which were examined and approved of and are as follow vizt. Artillery Stores Expended in January 1770 Guns fired, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder expended lb., Powder expended oz Jany. 5th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz 0 Arrived the Lapwing: Guns fired 9, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz 8 Departed do.: Guns fired 9, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz 8 24th An Alarm at Prosperous Bay for a Ship passing the Island: Guns fired 6, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz 0 An Alarm at Turks Cap for do.: Guns fired 2, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 2, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 4, Powder expended oz 0 Powder expended on Ladder Hill: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 76, Powder expended oz 0 Powder for Sundry services: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder expended lb. 98, Powder expended oz 3 Total: Guns fired 32, 6 lbs 18, 4 lbs 10, 1 lbs 4, Powder expended lb. 231, Powder expended oz 3 Tallow Expended on Ladder Hill 4 Match do. 3 Tallow for Boats &c.a 7 Lead Ball to shoot Goats 2 Sponges for 4 lbs. No. 1 Tanned Sheep Skins No. 1 Match for the new Barracks 4 Powder Horns for do. No. 1 Paper for the Works Quires 1 (signed) James Tippet Captn. of Artillery | The Council ordered the land on Barren Hill to be inspected. The Council examined and approved the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for January 1771. The artillery stores were used as follows. Alarm on 5 January: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Lapwing: 9 guns fired, all 6-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the departure of the Lapwing: 9 guns fired, all 6-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Alarm at Prosperous Bay on 24 January for a ship passing the island: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Alarm at Turk's Cap for the same ship: 2 guns fired, both 4-pounders, 4 lb of powder Powder used on Ladder Hill, 76 lb 0 oz Powder for various other services, 98 lb 3 oz Total: 32 guns fired, made up of 18 6-pounders, 10 4-pounders and 4 1-pounders, 231 lb 3 oz of powder Tallow used on Ladder Hill, 4 lb Slow match used on Ladder Hill, 3 lb Tallow for the boats and other uses, 7 lb Lead ball for shooting goats, 2 lb Sponges for 6-pounders, 1 Tanned sheepskins, 1 Slow match for the new barracks, 4 lb Powder horns for the new barracks, 1 Cartridge paper, 1 quire James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Interpretations The alarms at Prosperous Bay and Turk's Cap on 24 January 1771 were the signal system at work. They were set off by the ship the Council recorded as passing the island at a great distance that day. Lookouts on the eastern heights saw sails long before anyone in James's Valley could. A fixed number of guns fired from the outposts told the Castle that a ship was in sight and from which quarter. The batteries along the way could then be manned before she came close. The cost was modest, 17 lb of powder for the two alarms. It bought the garrison hours of warning against a possible enemy and gave the Council notice to prepare for a friendly ship. The Lapwing was saluted with 9 guns on her arrival on 6 January 1771 and again when she sailed. The salute honoured the Company's flag. It also signalled to the whole island that a ship had come or gone, which set in motion the supply of provisions and the landing of passengers and stores. | |
85 | 1771 Sundrys Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in Jany. 1770 46 Bottles Madeira Wine £ 4 12 19 do. Port 1 8 6 28 do. Lisbon 2 2 6 do. Mountain 9 30 do. Beer 5 7½ 19½ G. Arrack 2 18 6 173¾ Beef 3 12 4¾ 230 Mutton 4 15 10 1 Turkey 5 21 Fowls 1 11 6 10 Ducks 15 3 Geese 15 80 Candy 2 492 Flour 4 2 1 Lamb 10 5 Pigs 1 5 £ 31 7 4¼ The small piece of Land John Seale Petitioned for in Consultation of 5th November last, having been viewed and found of no detriment to the Honble. Company or Neighbourhood, We agreed to Lease the same at 1/ pr. Acre on Account of its being very barren and Rocky. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The provisions used at the Company's table in January 1771 were as follows. Madeira, 46 bottles, £4 12s 0d Port, 19 bottles, £1 8s 6d Lisbon wine, 28 bottles, £2 2s 0d Mountain wine, 6 bottles, £0 9s 0d Beer, 30 bottles, £0 5s 7½d Arrack, 19½ gallons, £2 18s 6d Beef, 173¾ lb, £3 12s 4¾d Mutton, 230 lb, £4 15s 10d Turkey, 1, £0 5s 0d Fowls, 21, £1 11s 6d Ducks, 10, £0 15s 0d Geese, 3, £0 15s 0d Sugar candy, 80 lb, £2 0s 0d Flour, 492 lb, £4 2s 0d Lamb, 1, £0 10s 0d Pigs, 5, £1 5s 0d Total, £31 7s 4¼d The small piece of land John Seale had asked for at the meeting of 5 November 1770 had now been inspected. It was found that letting it would cause no harm to the Company or the neighbours. Because the ground was very barren and rocky, the Council agreed to lease it to him at one shilling an acre. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The inspection the Council ordered on 5 November 1770 took more than three months to complete. The result confirmed Seale's own description of the ground, and the rent of one shilling an acre matched the rate set for Samuel Knipe's barren land on 12 November 1770 and John Desfountain's on 3 December 1770. By early 1771 the Council had, in effect, a standard tariff for waste land of this kind. A strip of rock with no grazing value was let cheaply to whichever neighbour would fence it and take responsibility for it. The table's spending fell again, to £31 7s 4¼d. No butter at all was bought in January 1771, after only 1½ lb in December 1770. Both figures confirm that the dairy had stopped producing in the drought. | |
86 | 18th February At a Consultation held on Monday the 18th day of February 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 11th February 1771 We this day Executed the two following Leases vizt. One to George Bird Joiner for a piece of Ground containing fifty three feet in Length and fourteen feet in depth @ 2/ pr. Annum. And one to Roderick Merchant Publican for a piece of Ground containing twenty feet in front and sixty feet in depth @ 5/ pr. Annum, both lying in James's Valley. Mrs. Mary Harper this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of the Island St. Helena The humble Petition of Mary Harper Sheweth That your petitioner being possessed of a House and Land in this Valley the Lease of which being Expired humbly requests leave of your Worship and Council to permit her to renew the same, And your Petitioner as in duty bound shall for your Worships Ever Pray. Granted Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of January last which is as follows vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 18 February 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 11 February 1771. The Council signed two leases that day, both for ground in James's Valley. The first went to George Bird, a joiner, for a plot 53 feet long and 14 feet deep at £0 2s 0d a year. The second went to Roderick Merchant, a publican, for a plot with a 20-foot frontage and 60 feet deep at £0 3s 0d a year. Mary Harper petitioned Governor Skottowe and the Council. She held a house and land in the valley, and her lease had run out. She asked leave to renew it. The Council granted her request. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for January 1771. Interpretations The two leases completed decisions taken months earlier. The Council had agreed to let Bird his plot on 26 November 1770 and Merchant his on 17 December 1770, at the same rents now written into the deeds. The gap between the agreement and the signed lease shows the Council working through a backlog of conveyancing as the secretary drew up each deed. Merchant's trade as a publican gives his frontage on the valley's street a commercial purpose. Plots in James's Valley were measured in feet, not acres. Their value lay in their position facing the town's single street, where the trade with shipping was carried on. | |
87 | Cash Dr. 1771 Jany. 1st To Balance Remaining £ 8204 5 £ 8204 5 Per Contra Cr. 1771 Jany. 31st By Balance Remaining vizt. In Specie £ 7664 10 In Cash Notes 539 15 8204 5 £ 8204 5 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling Margin Notes: 1771 | January 1771 brought no movement in the Company's treasury, and the balance stood where December had left it. Money received Balance remaining on 1 January 1771, £8,204 5s 0d Total, £8,204 5s 0d Money paid out Balance remaining in coin on 31 January 1771, £7,664 10s 0d Balance remaining in cash notes on 31 January 1771, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £8,204 5s 0d Total, £8,204 5s 0d Governor Skottowe signed the account with Daniel Corneille and Purling. | |
88 | 25th February At a Consultation held on Monday the 25th day of February 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 18th Feb. 1771 The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Prince of Wales vizt. Account of Stores short received from Ship Prince of Wales vizt. C. qr. lb. 13 10 Paddy in 13 Bags 3 3 27 Sugar in 2 do. Short delivered 1 2 Rice 3 Candles Short weight occasioned by Wastage the Packages being in good order 2 Leagers Arrack vizt. No. 1 Gages 144½ G. wants to fill 8¾ Gallons No. 2 do. 140 G. wants to fill 6¾ do. 284½ 15½ 15½ Received 269 Gallons (signed) St. Helena 25 Feb. 1771 Jas. Powell Storekeeper We this day Granted the two following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors vizt. One Set to Mr. Matthew Purling for £ 800 payable to John Purling Esqr. (or Order) And One Set to Captain Henry Bazett for £ 100 payable to Miss Mary Bazett (or Order) both drawn at ninety days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 25 February 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 18 February 1771. The storekeeper presented an account of the stores from the Prince of Wales that had arrived short. Unhusked rice in 15 bags, 15 cwt 0 qr 10 lb, not delivered Sugar in 2 bags, 3 cwt 3 qr 27 lb, not delivered Rice, 1 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, short in weight through wastage, the packages being in good order Candles, 0 cwt 0 qr 3 lb, short in weight through wastage, the packages being in good order Arrack, leaguer number 1, gauged at 144½ gallons, short of full by 8⅞ gallons Arrack, leaguer number 2, gauged at 140 gallons, short of full by 6⅝ gallons Total arrack gauged, 284½ gallons Total arrack short, 15½ gallons Arrack received, 269 gallons James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 25 February 1771. The Council issued two sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors that day, both payable at 90 days' sight. The first, for £800 0s 0d, went to Matthew Purling and was payable to John Purling or his order. The second, for £100 0s 0d, went to Captain Henry Bazett and was payable to Mary Bazett or her order. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The bills for Purling and Bazett show how the Company's officers sent their money home. Each paid coin into the island's treasury and received in return a bill payable by the Directors in London to a relative or agent there. The officer avoided the risk of sending silver on a long voyage, and the treasury gained coin it badly needed. Since September 1770 the balance had fallen by more than £2,000, with no ships buying bills. Purling's £800 0s 0d alone was more than twice his whole annual salary as councillor and accountant. It points to private earnings, probably from trade with passing ships, on a scale the salary lists do not reveal. Payment at 90 days' sight gave the Company three months after the bill was presented in London before it had to pay out. The storekeeper's account protected the Company against loss in transit. Goods never landed and casks arriving short were recorded at once, with the arrack gauged on arrival. The ship's commander and the Bengal sub-accountant could then be called to account for the difference. Separating outright shortfalls from wastage in sound packages mattered. A shortfall in a sealed package pointed to dishonesty or error on board. Natural wastage in good packages was a loss the Company accepted. | |
89 | 4th March At a Consultation held on Monday the 4th day of March 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 25 Feby. 1771 Saturday the 2d. Arrived the Duke of Cumberlands Boat at Banks's do. do. do. at a quarter before six in the Evening the Honble. Company's Ship Duke of Cumberland from Bombay. We this day Executed the renewal of a Lease to Mrs. Mary Harper for a piece of Ground sixty feet square @ 12/ pr. Annum lying in James's Valley. Mr. Matthew Purling Reports that he has been on board the Ships Prince of Wales and Duke of Cumberland to Muster their Companys and enquire for Deserters but found none. Capt. Savage having delivered up to Us three that deserted from Bombay their Muster Rolls are as follow vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Prince of Wales Jona. Court Commander James Upham 1 Mate Francis Palmer 2 do. Jno. Wm. Henza 3 do. Jo. Aug. Applegarth 4 do. Jno. Wentwerth Surgeon Richd. Hatchet Purser J. Andrews Boatswain Jno. Harris Gunner Stephen Camp Carpenter Jno. Moss Midshipman Chas. Pigot do. Willm. Mitchel do. Willm. Bar Quart. Master John Tucker do. Thos. Shaw do. Walter Willm. Miles do. David Gill do. Thos. Pitman Ships Stewd. Geo. Chapman Capt. do. Step. Matthews Surg. Mate James McGee Ships Cook Saml. Jones Capt. do. John Whitfield Caulker Benj. Moore Boats. Mate Willm. Watson Gunners do. Caleb Moore Carpr. Mate James Dalfield Caulk. do. Edward Brown Sailmaker Richd. Moses Mates Servt. Danl. Thompson Surg. do. Thos. Coup Boats. Servant James Bowes Gunr. do. John Harris Carpt. do. Danl. Marr Taylor Willm. Chillingworth Seaman Willm. Gent James Henness John Fay | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 4 March 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 25 February 1771. A boat from the Duke of Cumberland had landed at Banks's on Saturday 2 March 1771. The Company's ship Duke of Cumberland herself had arrived from Bombay at a quarter to six that evening. The Council renewed the lease of Mary Harper for a plot of ground 60 feet square in James's Valley, at a rent of £0 12s 0d a year. Purling reported that he had boarded the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cumberland to muster their crews and search for deserters. He found none, but Captain Savage had handed over three men who had deserted at Bombay. The ships' muster rolls followed. The roll of the Prince of Wales listed these men. Jonathan Court, commander James Upham, chief mate Francis Palmer, second mate John William Henra, third mate John Augustus Applegarth, fourth mate John Whitlock, surgeon Richard Hatcher, purser James Andrews, boatswain John Harris, gunner Stephen Cramp, carpenter John Moss, midshipman Charles Pigot, midshipman William Mitchel, midshipman William Burr, quartermaster John Tucker, quartermaster Thomas Shaw, quartermaster Walter Wilt, sailmaker David Gill, sailmaker Thomas Pitman, ship's steward George Chapman, captain's steward Stephen Matthews, surgeon's mate James McGee, ship's cook Samuel Jones, captain's cook John Whitfield, caulker Benjamin Moore, boatswain's mate William Watson, gunner's mate Caleb Mines, carpenter's mate James Dalfield, smith Edward Brand, poulterer Richard Ross, master's servant Daniel Thompson, surgeon's servant Thomas Cooper, boatswain's servant James Bonner, gunner's servant John Harris, carpenter's servant Daniel Marr, tailor William Chillingworth, seaman William Grant, seaman James Hewes, seaman John Fry, seaman Interpretations The muster of each arriving ship was the Council's main defence against desertion in both directions. Soldiers and slaves on St Helena could escape only by sea, and a homeward-bound Indiaman short of hands was a tempting refuge. Its commander might gladly take on a fit man without asking where he came from. By recording every name aboard on arrival, the Council could check the crew again at departure and spot anyone added from the island. The same muster caught men fleeing the Company's service elsewhere. The three men Captain Savage handed over had deserted at Bombay. Taken off his ship at St Helena, they passed back under the Company's military discipline. The roll of the Prince of Wales puts Captain Court's plea of 4 February 1771 in proportion. It lists close to 40 officers and men, not counting the remainder of the crew on the following page. When she arrived, only eight of them were fit for duty. The island's loan of a sergeant and 20 soldiers was the difference between a ship that could be worked in the road and one that could not. | |
90 | 4th March Robert Hall Seaman James Brown Jno. Murray Robt. Trafford John Weldon Willm. Taylor Henry Shaw Richd. Burns John Robinson John Evins Richd. Rudman Michl. Mullins Willm. Gibb John Jones (2) Morris McDonald James Blake David Nevin Joseph Bowler Thoms. Prior John Dunbar Edward Dee Seaman Thos. Benham Charles McCartney Willm. Whitefield John Cocker Thos. Jameson Michl. McGeagh Andw. Gilchrist Edw. Owens Andrew Bradley Crispin Magnas Danl. De Bock Willm. Pott Jno. Swan Sebastian Collet Roger Harris John Taylor Geo. Mary Lucas John Power Christ. Egott Manuel Barrel Jerome Prema Lascar Minoo Subdy Sakey Ram Jung Jaffier Fagel Meer Sattoo Dolphin Penna Caveon Saddy Gour Hyatter Mattoon Jno. Underwood Seaman Patrick Howland Sutton Isaacs Sutton Passengers Mr. Gardiner Mr. Robins Capt. Gardiner Mr. Atkinson Mr. Fretwell (signed) Jona. Court Muster Roll of Ship Duke of Cumberland Augustus Savage Commander Archibd. Fraser 1 Mate Henry Monypen 2 do. Jeremiah Butcher 3 do. Thos. Jenkins 4th do. George Butt 5th do. David Burton Purser Thos. Strand Surgeon Raleigh Edwards 1 Mate Christopher Reed Midshipman Jo. Dew Midshipman John Lewis do. Jacob Dawson do. Willm. Aldridge Gunner Thos. Hyde do. 1 Mate Willm. Brewell do. 2 do. Francis Lockwood Boatswain John Neal do. 1 Mate Richd. Anderson do. 2 do. Henry Cole Carpenter Willm. Ashcroft do. 1 Mate Thos. Evans do. 2 do. Willm. Ellis Caulker Thos. Brown do. Mate Jno. Pennycook Sailmaker Willm. Arthur Armourer John Tarleton do. Henry Ward Cooper Mart. Jno. Higgins do. Mate Geo. Smith Ships Stewd. | The muster roll of the Prince of Wales continued. Robert Hall, seaman James Brown, seaman Joseph Murray, seaman Robert Trafford, seaman John Weldon, seaman William Taylor, seaman Henry Shaw, seaman Richard Bunn, seaman John Robinson, seaman John Evans, seaman Richard Rudman, seaman Michael Mullins, seaman William Gibb, seaman John Jones, the second of that name, seaman Morris McDonald, seaman James Blake, seaman David Nevin, seaman Joseph Bowler, seaman Thomas Orr, seaman John Dunbar, seaman John Dee, seaman Thomas Benham, seaman Charles McCartney, seaman William Whitefield, seaman John Crocker, seaman Thomas Jameson, seaman Michael McGragh, seaman Andrew Gilchrist, seaman Edward Owens, seaman Andrew Bradley, seaman Crispin Magnus, seaman Daniel De Bock, seaman William Pott, seaman John Lowe, seaman Sebastian Collet, seaman Roger Harris, seaman John Taylor, seaman George Henry Lucas, seaman John Pierce, seaman [...] Lyott, seaman Manuel Barret, seaman Jerome Pereira, seaman Menzo, seaman Subby, seaman Sukey, seaman Ram Fung, seaman Jaffier, seaman Fazel, seaman Meer, seaman Lattoo, seaman Dolphin, seaman Dinna, seaman Carem, seaman Saddy, seaman Gour, seaman Hyatte, seaman Mattrow, seaman John Underwood, seaman Patrick Rowland, seaman Tatton Jacks, seaman Sutton, seaman Mr Goodwin, passenger Mr Pelline, passenger Captain Gardiner, passenger Mr Atkinson, passenger Mr Fretwell, passenger Captain Jonathan Court signed the roll. The roll of the Duke of Cumberland followed. Augustus Savage, commander Archibald Fraser, chief mate Henry Monger, second mate Jeremiah Bolster, third mate Thomas Tinlin, fourth mate George Batt, fifth mate David Bridges, purser Thomas Stead, surgeon Raleigh Colwell, surgeon's mate Christopher Ward, midshipman Francis Dun, midshipman John Soule, midshipman Jacob Dawson, midshipman William Aldridge, gunner Thomas Pope, gunner's first mate William Burnell, gunner's second mate Francis Townsend, boatswain John Neal, boatswain's first mate Richard Anderson, boatswain's second mate Henry Cole, carpenter William Rutherford, carpenter's first mate Thomas Evans, carpenter's second mate William Ellis, caulker Thomas Brown, caulker's mate Joseph Pomeroy, sailmaker William Purcell, armourer John Garden, armourer Henry Ward, cooper Matthew McGuire, mate George Smith, ship's steward Interpretations About 20 of the Prince of Wales's seamen bore Indian and Asian names, such as Jaffier, Fazel, Meer, Subby and Ram Fung. These were lascars, seamen hired in Bengal to make up a crew that sickness had thinned on the outward and Indian voyages. Company commanders depended on them more and more to work the homeward passage. Their single names, with no surnames, show how little the ship's clerk knew or recorded of them. The Portuguese names among the crew, such as Jerome Pereira and Manuel Barret, probably belonged to Indo-Portuguese sailors from the Bengal or Malabar coasts. The names Patrick Rowland and Tatton Jacks match two men on the garrison's pay list for the last quarter of 1770. A corporal of that name was reduced in rank on 3 October 1770, and a private of the second name was discharged on 8 October 1770 and later put in the pillory. If these were the same men, the homeward ship was their way off the island. A discharged soldier had no means of leaving except by signing on as a seaman, and a ship short of hands would take him. Recording them on the muster roll before the ship sailed made their departure lawful and open, not an escape. | |
91 | 1771 Robt. Lee Capt. Steward Jo. St. Christopher Capt. Cook Laurence Anderson Ships do. James Burger Poulterer George Hunter Barber John Martin Baker Sylvester Capgave Taylor Robt. Anderson Captn. Servant Chas. Smith do. Edward Foster 1st Mates do. Willm. Bisby 2 Mates do. Thos. Wiltshire Surg. do. Chas. Francis Gunners do. Thos. Thompson Boatsn. do. John Jones Carpenters do. Edmund Rose Quart. Master Thos. Smith do. Edwd. Marsh do. John Anderson do. George Munro do. Richd. Powell Seaman Robert Dean do. Edward Davis Butcher James Gibson Seaman James Force Seaman Thos. Moor do. Willm. How James Turner Robt. Brown John Burn John Russell Alexr. Richardson Willm. Cullum Chas. Bunsen John Bulmorth John Whitford Andrew Simmons Henry Bennett John Harding Michael Green Andrew Black Robt. Cleveland Chas. Hawkes Bryan Duffy Willm. Wellington Thos. Ilse Willm. Barrell Saml. Grigson Seaman Saml. Hart Robt. Westfield Edwd. Copland Jno. Cook Richd. Hill Willm. Dover John Russell Willm. Love Danl. Kelly John Bennett John Gibson Patrick Bryan John Ward John Jenkins John Hague Alexr. Adams Robt. Milburn Nat. Savage John Hokey John Williams Murdock Bean Martin Simmons David McLachlan Passengers Thos. Morton Esqr. Captn. James Capper (signed) Augustus Savage We this day received the following Letter from Capt. Savage vizt. To John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena Gentlemen This serves to advise you I have on Board Three Men who secreted themselves in the Ship when I left Bombay Belong | The muster roll of the Duke of Cumberland continued. Robert Lee, captain's steward Joseph St Christopher, captain's cook Laurence Anderson, ship's cook James Burger, poulterer George Hunter, barber John Martin, baker Sylvester Cosgrove, tailor Robert Anderson, captain's servant Charles Smith, captain's servant Elmer Foster, chief mate's servant William Bosley, second mate's servant Thomas Wiltshire, surgeon's servant Charles Francis, gunner's servant Thomas Thompson, boatswain's servant John Jones, carpenter's servant Edmund Rose, quartermaster Thomas Smith, quartermaster Edward Monk, quartermaster John Underwood, quartermaster George Monroe, quartermaster Robert Powell, seaman Robert Dean, seaman Edward Davis, butcher James Gibson, seaman James Fare, seaman Thomas Moor, seaman William Howe, seaman James Turner, seaman Robert Brown, seaman John Burn, seaman John Russell, seaman Alexander Hutchinson, seaman William Cullum, seaman Charles Bowser, seaman John Bilsworth, seaman John Whitford, seaman Andrew Simmons, seaman Henry Pennett, seaman John Harding, seaman Michael Green, seaman Andrew Black, seaman Robert Cleveland, seaman Charles Hawkes, seaman Bryan Dolby, seaman William Wellington, seaman Thomas Hoe, seaman William Carnell, seaman Samuel Grigson, seaman Samuel Hart, seaman Robert Wakefield, seaman Edward Copland, seaman John Eccles, seaman Richard Hill, seaman William Dover, seaman John Russell, seaman William Love, seaman Daniel Kelly, seaman John Bennett, seaman John Ibson, seaman Patrick Bryan, seaman John Abro, seaman John Laskins, seaman John Hague, seaman Alexander Adams, seaman Robert Milburne, seaman Nathaniel Savage, seaman John Shokey, seaman John Williams, seaman Murdock Bain, seaman Martin Simmons, seaman David McLaclan, seaman Thomas Moston, passenger Captain James Capper, passenger Captain Augustus Savage signed the roll. The Council received a letter the same day from Captain Savage, addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council. He reported that three men had hidden themselves aboard his ship when she left Bombay, and that they were still on board. | |
92 | 4th March Believe them to be Servants of the Honble. Company and am ready to deliver them to your Order, As the badness of the weather prevented my putting into the Cape, shall be greatly Obliged to you to order me what fresh Provisions you can possibly Spare. I am Gentlemen Yr. most Obedt. humble Servt. (signed) St. Helena 4th March 1771 Augustus Savage Upon which we directed Capt. Savage to send the said Deserters on Shore and shall oblige them to serve their full contracted times in this Garrison. And with respect to his demand of Fresh Provision we find from the present Situation of the Island and our Calculation from the Slaughter List that we can only supply him with three Black Cattle. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | Captain Savage's letter went on to say that he believed the three men to be Company servants, and he was ready to hand them over on the Council's order. Bad weather had stopped him calling at the Cape. He would therefore be very grateful for whatever fresh provisions the Council could spare. He signed the letter at St Helena on 4 March 1771. The Council told Captain Savage to send the deserters ashore. It would make them serve out the full terms of their contracts in the island's garrison. On fresh provisions, the Council had checked the island's present state against its figures from the slaughter list. It could supply him with only three head of cattle. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The three stowaways had deserted the Company's service at Bombay. The obvious course was to hold them for return to the presidency they had fled, where their contracts had been made and where their punishment belonged. The Council kept them instead and set them to serve out their full terms in the St Helena garrison. The island gained three trained men without the cost of a recruit's passage from England or an enlistment bounty such as the £2 0s 0d paid to William Gissing in October 1770. For the deserters, the outcome was probably lenient. They escaped a court martial at Bombay, but they remained bound to the Company on a remote island they could leave only by another ship. The slaughter list compiled from the planters' returns in December 1770 was now being used to ration the ships. The Prince of Wales had been allowed seven head of cattle on 4 February 1771. A month later the Duke of Cumberland, which had missed the Cape and so had no fresh meat at all, was granted only three. Black cattle meant ordinary beef cattle, as distinct from sheep and goats. The fall from seven to three in a single month measured how quickly the drought was using up the island's herds. | |
93 | 11th March At a Consultation held on Monday the 11th day of March 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 4th March 1771. Friday the 8th Arrived the Earl of Middlesex's Boat at Banks's at half an Hour past two OClock in the Morning do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Earl of Middlesex from China do. do. The Greenwichs Boat at Banks's at 12 OClock at Noon do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Greenwich from Bombay do. Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Prince of Wales for England The Greenwich brought Us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship Greenwich Rice Batan fine 45 Bags contain. 300 Surat Maunds @ 22 Rupees pr. 18 Surat Maunds 366 2 60 Batty 32 Bags @ 5 Parahs is Mds. 3 21 at 20 Rupees pr. Moh. 76 3 20 Charges on Merchandize vizt. Gunny Bags &c. 55 3 Lascarage 3 2 40 Hammalage 2 2 90 Boat Hire 2 2 64 2 30 Rupees 508 10 Errors Excepted (signed) Wm. Hornby Accompt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 11 March 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 4 March 1771. Friday 8 March 1771 had been a busy day in the road. A boat from the Earl of Middlesex landed at Banks's at half past two in the morning. The Company's ship Earl of Middlesex then arrived from China. A boat from the Greenwich landed at Banks's at noon, and the Company's ship Greenwich followed from Bombay. On the same day the Prince of Wales sailed for England. The Greenwich brought the following supplies, valued in Bombay rupees. Fine rice, 45 bags containing 300 Surat maunds, at 22 rupees for 18 Surat maunds, 366 rupees 2 quarters 60 reas Batty, 32 bags at 5 paras each, making 3 morahs 21 paras, at 20 rupees a morah, 76 rupees 3 quarters 20 reas Gunny bags and other packing, 55 rupees 3 quarters 0 reas [...], 3 rupees 2 quarters 40 reas Porterage, 2 rupees 2 quarters 90 reas Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Total for charges on the merchandise, 64 rupees 2 quarters 30 reas Total, 508 rupees 0 quarters 10 reas William Hornby signed the invoice as accountant, reserving the right to correct any errors. Interpretations The Bombay rupee was divided differently from the Bengal current rupee on the Prince of Wales's invoice. At Bombay a rupee was reckoned as 4 quarters, each of 100 reas. The Surat maund was the trading weight of western India, a little under 40 lb. Batty was the Bombay name for unhusked rice. It was measured by volume in paras and morahs, not by weight. The porterage paid the hamals, the porters who carried goods between the warehouses and the boats at Bombay. Three ships in a single day, with the Prince of Wales sailing on the same tide, show the pressure the homeward season placed on the island. Each new arrival had a crew wanting fresh meat. The Earl of Middlesex had been at sea since leaving China, and the Greenwich came from Bombay. Within five weeks of the Prince of Wales's arrival, the Council had cut its offer of cattle from seven head to three. It now had two more ships to supply from herds that had not recovered. | |
94 | 9th March The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts were this day laid before Us which have been examined and approved of and are as follow vizt. Artillery Stores Expended in February 1771 Guns fired, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lb., Powder Expended oz 2 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 3 Arrived the Prince of Wales: Guns fired 9, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 26 An Alarm for five Ships that passed by: Guns fired 15, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 12, 1 lbs 3, Powder Expended lb. 33, Powder Expended oz 0 Powder Expended on Ladder Hill Road: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 96, Powder Expended oz 0 do. for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. [...], Powder Expended oz [...] Total: Guns fired 30, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 16, 1 lbs 5, Powder Expended lb. 257, Powder Expended oz 9 lb. oz Lead Ball to Shoot Goats 4 15 Tallow for Boats Carriages &c. 34 Sponge Staves for the Baker No. 3 Match 2 Paper for ¼ Quire (signed) James Tippet Capt. of Artillery Sundrys Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in February 1771 49 Bottles Madeira £ 4 18 23 do. Port 1 14 6 21 Lisbon 1 11 6 6 Mountain 9 31 Beer 5 9¾ 16⅞ G. Arrack 2 13 3 Carried Over £ 11 17 ¾ | The Council examined and approved the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for February 1771. The artillery stores were used as follows. Alarm on 2 February: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Prince of Wales on 3 February: 9 guns fired, all 6-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Alarm on 26 February for five ships passing the island: 15 guns fired, made up of 12 4-pounders and 3 1-pounders, 33 lb of powder Powder used on the Ladder Hill road, 96 lb 0 oz Powder for various other services, 102 lb 1 oz Total: 30 guns fired, made up of 9 6-pounders, 16 4-pounders and 5 1-pounders, 257 lb 9 oz of powder Lead ball for shooting goats, 4 lb 15 oz Tallow for the boats, gun carriages and other uses, 34 lb Sponge staves for the bakehouse, 3 Slow match, 1 lb Cartridge paper, 1¼ quires James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. The provisions used at the Company's table in February 1771 began as follows. Madeira, 49 bottles, £4 18s 0d Port, 23 bottles, £1 14s 6d Lisbon wine, 21 bottles, £1 11s 6d Mountain wine, 6 bottles, £0 9s 0d Beer, 31 bottles, £0 5s 9¾d Arrack, 16⅞ gallons, £2 18s 3d Carried over, £11 17s 0¾d Interpretations The powder used on the Ladder Hill road, 96 lb in February after 76 lb in January 1771, was for blasting rock, not firing guns. The road up the cliff on the western side of James's Valley was being cut into the rock face. The stone blowers bored holes and charged them with gunpowder from the artillery stores. Charging road works to the artillery account shows how the gunners' powder doubled as the island's only means of breaking hard rock. That is also why its consumption ran far beyond what the salutes and alarms required. The alarm on 26 February 1771 for five ships passing the island fired 15 guns, the largest alarm in the record. A group of five sail could have been an enemy squadron as easily as a convoy of Indiamen. The outposts gave the fullest warning, and every battery stood to arms until the ships' identity was known. | |
95 | 1771 Brought Over £ 11 17 ¾ 158 Beef 3 5 10 211 Mutton 4 7 11 3 Turkeys 15 28 Fowls 2 2 3 Ducks 4 6 42½ Candy 1 1 3 448 Flour 4 3 3 Pigs 15 £ 28 11 6¾ Messrs. Henry Bazett and William Wrangham presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Henry Bazett and William Wrangham Guardians to Mr. John Lewis of Ship Duke of Cumberland Sheweth That there is seventeen Acres of Land lying in Sandy Bay belonging to the said John Lewis which your Petitioners are desirous of disposing of at Publick Auction. Requests your Worship and Council will give them leave so to do. And your Petitioners will ever pray (signed) 11 March 1771 Henry Bazett Willm. Wrangham We this day Inlisted Thomas Harrison and Jasper Jefferman two Soldiers from Bombay. They appearing Good Men we gave them £ 5 each Bounty Money. | The provisions used at the Company's table in February 1771 continued from £11 17s 0¾d brought over. Brought over, £11 17s 0¾d Beef, 158 lb, £3 5s 10d Mutton, 211 lb, £4 7s 11d Turkeys, 3, £0 15s 0d Fowls, 28, £2 2s 0d Ducks, 3, £0 4s 6d Sugar candy, 42½ lb, £1 1s 3d Flour, 448 lb, £4 3s 0d Pigs, 3, £0 15s 0d Total, £28 11s 6¾d Henry Bazett and William Wrangham petitioned Governor Skottowe and the Council as guardians of John Soule of the Duke of Cumberland. Soule owned 17 acres of land at Sandy Bay. His guardians wished to sell it at public auction and asked for leave to do so. They signed the petition on 11 March 1771. The Council enlisted two soldiers from Bombay, Thomas Harrison and Jasper Jefferson, the same day. Both appeared to be good men, so the Council paid each of them a bounty of £5 0s 0d. Interpretations John Soule was still under guardianship, so he was probably not yet of age. Yet he owned 17 acres at Sandy Bay and was serving at sea as a midshipman in the Duke of Cumberland. He was perhaps island-born, the heir of a planter, sent into the Company's maritime service to learn a trade with better prospects than farming. His guardians were two of the most substantial men on the island, a captain of the garrison and the paymaster. They managed his property while he was away and now sought to turn the land into money. Their petition still needed the Council's leave, as Elizabeth Desfountain's sale had in October 1770. The bounty of £5 0s 0d paid to Harrison and Jefferson was more than double the £2 0s 0d paid to William Gissing and the men enlisted on the island in the last quarter of 1770. The difference reflected their value. They were trained soldiers from the Bombay establishment, who needed no drilling and had already survived the climate of India. The Council's note that they appeared good men shows that it judged recruits individually and paid more for those worth having. The three stowaways landed from the Duke of Cumberland the week before had been forced to serve without any bounty. | |
96 | 11th March There being no Coffee in the Honble. Company's Stores we this day sent Captn. Savage the following Order To Captn. Augustus Savage Commander of Ship Duke of Cumberland Sir You are hereby Ordered to send on shore two whole or four half Bales of the Honorable Company's Coffee for the use of this Island. We are Sir Your humble Servants (signed) St. Helena 11th March 1771 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Matt. Purling John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Company's stores on the island had run out of coffee. The Council therefore sent an order to Captain Augustus Savage of the Duke of Cumberland, dated at St Helena on 11 March 1771. It instructed him to land two whole bales, or four half bales, of the Company's coffee for the island's use. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the order. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The coffee aboard the Duke of Cumberland belonged to the Company's homeward cargo for sale in London. It was probably Mocha coffee from the Red Sea, which Bombay ships collected for the English market. The Council had authority to order part of a cargo ashore for the island's needs. When its own stores ran dry, it did not wait for a supply ship from England. It took what it needed from the passing trade and charged it to the island's account. Offering a choice between whole and half bales left the captain free to land whichever packages could be most easily reached in the hold, with the least disturbance to the stowage. | |
97 | 16th March At a Consultation held on Saturday the 16th March 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 11th March 1771 Thursday the 14th died Mary Wife of Thomas Burnham Planter The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Greenwich Account of Stores short received from Ship Greenwich vizt. C. qr. lb. 2 1 2 Rice short weight occasioned by wastage the Bags being in good order C. qr. lb. 1 1 10 Paddy received (signed) March 15th 1771 James Powell Storekeeper Mr. Matthew Purling Reports that he has been on board the Ships Greenwich & Earl of Middlesex to Muster their Companys and enquire for deserters but found none, their Muster Rolls are as follow vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Greenwich vizt. Robert Carr Commander Michael Pillister 1 Mate Charles Arney 2 do. Willm. Robertson 3 do. John Fea 4th do. Willm. Blundell 5 do. Willm. Armstrong Surgeon Godfrey Ashby Purser Henry White Davis Mid. & Coxn. John Healy Midshipman Willm. Pearce do. Charles Cope Midshipman John Carr do. John Cooper Carpenter John Macker Gunner James Holt Boatswain John Macker Ships Steward Abraham Cobb Capt. do. Jerome Crosby Caulker Henry Moore Cooper Robert Hobbs Surg. Mate Saml. Hall Carptr. Mate John Morgan Carpt. 2 Mate Thos. Taffer Gunner Thos. Lee Cooper Mate Willm. Swarthwith do. David Ford Sailmaker Jos. Compagnace Capt. Cook Christopher Shafer do. Mate John Adams Ships Cook Willm. Fogg Butcher Willm. Baker Armourer Lewis Davis Qr. Master | The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 16 March 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 11 March 1771. Mary, the wife of Thomas Bonham, a planter, had died on Thursday 14 March 1771. The storekeeper presented an account of the stores from the Greenwich that had arrived short. Rice, short in weight through wastage, the bags being in good order Batty, 1 morah 10 paras, [...] James Powell signed the account as storekeeper on 15 March 1771. Purling reported that he had boarded the Greenwich and the Earl of Middlesex to muster their crews and search for deserters. He found none. The muster roll of the Greenwich listed these men. Robert Carr, commander Michael Pollister, chief mate Charles Avery, second mate William Robertson, third mate John Fea, fourth mate William Blundell, fifth mate William Armstrong, surgeon Godfrey Ashby, purser Henry White Davis, midshipman and coxswain John Healy, midshipman William Pearce, midshipman Charles Cripp, midshipman John Carr, midshipman John Cooper, carpenter John Maclee, gunner James Holt, boatswain John Marks, ship's steward Abraham Cobb, captain's steward Jeremiah Crosby, caulker Henry Moss, cooper Robert Holmes, surgeon's mate Samuel Hall, carpenter's mate John Morgan, carpenter's second mate Thomas Tasser, gunner's mate Thomas Lee, cooper's mate William Smallbath, cooper's mate David Lord, sailmaker Joseph Compagnie, captain's cook Christopher Shaffer, cook's mate John Adams, ship's cook William Fogg, butcher William Baker, armourer Lewis Davis, quartermaster | |
98 | 16th March Willm. Hunter Quart. Mast. Henry Duncan do. John Warner do. James Patterson do. Willm. Lyss do. Willm. Cockburn Seaman Geo. St. Albans James Dowding Mich. Madden John Morris John Low Matthew Wilson Willm. Bok Arthur Howell John Rawlater John Graham John Small Saml. Hutton Barthl. Gibbon Thomas Newman Thomas Willis John Ashley Henry Brown James Austin Joseph Fellows John Todd John Jones Seaman John Cousins John Robinson Thos. Wade Thos. Ussell James Price John Smith Edwd. Roach Geo. Pierce Edward Holland Charles Duff Edwd. Flanagan Saml. Jeffreys Robt. Miles Willm. Dean Thos. Hack Geo. Casey James Wilson Thos. Mount Thos. Andrews Joseph Hampden Isaac Lister John Sharp John Featherman Thos. Lee Willm. Miles James Barney John Evans Seaman Willm. Haws Andrew Scott John Hodge Andw. McKiddie John Cornwall Richd. Coats John Robinson Stephen Islanda Thos. Melville Saml. Wickham Andrew Miller Geo. Hill Robert James Clayton Evan Bevan Geo. Preston Thos. Bratley Willm. Nyrens John Hamwich Capt. Servt. Thos. Francis Servt. Geo. England 1 Mates Servt. Geo. Wright 2 Mates do. Thos. Cobb Surg. do. Alex. Richardson Gunr. do. Saml. Wilson Boats. do. Walter Buchanan Carp. do. Passengers vizt. Captn. Joseph Liddle Farmer Peter Fox Wm. Ward Edwd. Thompson Thos. Burford Hannibal Cavenagh Thos. Connell Charter Party Passengers (signed) Robert Carr | The muster roll of the Greenwich continued. William Harbor, quartermaster Henry Duncan, quartermaster John Warner, quartermaster James Patterson, quartermaster William Doss, quartermaster William Cockburn, seaman George St Albans, seaman James Dowding, seaman Hugh Madden, seaman John Mires, seaman John Lee, seaman Matthew Wilson, seaman William Bole, seaman Arthur Howell, seaman John Rankster, seaman John Gosham, seaman John Small, seaman Samuel Hutton, seaman Bartholomew Tobin, seaman Thomas Newman, seaman Thomas Miller, seaman John Ashley, seaman Henry Brown, seaman James Austin, seaman Joseph Fellows, seaman John Tidd, seaman John Jones, seaman John Cosins, seaman John Robinson, seaman Thomas Wade, seaman Thomas Upsal, seaman James Price, seaman John Smith, seaman Edward Roach, seaman George Dorce, seaman Edward Holland, seaman Charles Duff, seaman Edward Flanagan, seaman Samuel Jeffreys, seaman Robert Miles, seaman William Dean, seaman Thomas Hack, seaman George Cleary, seaman James Wilson, seaman Thomas Hurst, seaman Thomas Indoe, seaman Joseph Hampsden, seaman Aaron Lister, seaman John Scoop, seaman John Featherman, seaman Thomas Lee, seaman William Miles, seaman James Burney, seaman John Evans, seaman William Evans, seaman Andrew Scott, seaman John Hodge, seaman Andrew McKiddie, seaman John Cornwall, seaman Richard Cole, seaman John Robinson, seaman Stephen Islands, seaman Thomas Melville, seaman Samuel Wickham, seaman Andrew Miller, seaman George Hill, seaman Robert James Clayton, seaman Ewan Bower, seaman George Preston, seaman Thomas Bentley, seaman William Agnew, seaman John Fenwick, captain's servant Thomas Francis, captain's servant George England, chief mate's servant George Wright, second mate's servant Thomas Talksy, surgeon's servant Alexander Richardson, gunner's servant Samuel Wilson, boatswain's servant Walter Buchanan, carpenter's servant Captain Joseph Liddle, passenger Peter Fox, charter-party passenger William Ward, charter-party passenger Edward Thompson, charter-party passenger Thomas Buxford, charter-party passenger Hannah Cammell, charter-party passenger Thomas Connell, charter-party passenger Captain Robert Carr signed the roll. Interpretations The charter-party passengers travelled under the terms of the charter party, the contract by which the Company hired the ship from her owners. The contract required the owners to carry a set number of people on the Company's account, usually its servants, soldiers or their families, for a fixed allowance. Captain Liddle, listed apart, was perhaps a private passenger who had paid the commander directly for his passage, a valuable perquisite of command. Distinguishing the two on the roll told the Council who travelled at the Company's charge, and who could therefore be landed or kept at St Helena on its orders. | |
99 | 1771 Muster Roll of Ship Earl of Middlesex John Rogers Commander Joseph Smith 1 Mate Rodam Home 2 do. Charles Lucas 3 do. Philip Sharp 4 do. Hugh Thacker 5 do. Robert Fairfull Act. as 5 do. John Crawford Surgeon Geo. Rotchford Purser John McCarty Capt. Clerk James Bean Boatswain Peter Conqueret Gunner John Patterson Carpenter John Locke Midshipman Peter Marshall do. Joseph Royce do. Saml. Abbot do. Godfrey Hoke do. John Pack do. John Fishers do. Richd. Ward Surg. Mate Willm. Bell Ships Steward Lydell Dean Capt. do. John Cook Qr. Master Willm. Sparks do. Archib. Robinson do. Willm. Dickenson do. James Patterson do. Henry Vince Cooper John Green Carpt. Mate John Rasperson do. John Phillips Caulker Francis Phipps do. Mate Thos. Wiltshire Capt. Cook Daniel Lyons do. Servant John Johnson do. do. Thos. Gunning Poulterer Christr. Hyllos Ships Cook John Bond Armourer John Allen 1 Mates Servt. Richd. Heaks 2 do. do. John Eldridge Surg. do. John Norris Boatsn. do. Thos. Gregg Gunr. do. Thos. Slabrooke Carpt. do. Stephen Cock Sailmaker Willm. Wills Butcher John Dunn Gunr. Mate Willm. Pettit Boats. Yeoman Timothy Cunningham Seaman Willm. Bean Willm. Ford Chas. Barry James Brinfield Hall Anson John Player Thos. Udney Patrick Comily Owen Carthy Norman McCloud Robert Wilson John Cordy Thos. Carr Morgan Morgan Joseph Finch Willm. Fulford Boats. Mate Robert Smith Seaman Saml. McBeth John Pryor John Richardson Chas. Richmond James Butler Philip Hall John Fraser Francis McElhorn Cornelius Johnson Willm. Benson Thos. Armstrong Lawrence Harrison Jacob Elder Geo. Garland Richd. Johnson James Brown Edw. Bailey Frans. Fitzgerald Thos. Widmore Willm. Johnson Richd. Farr Chas. Slater George Bird Thos. Brown John Andrews Ruscope John Hyatt Luke Mills Peter B. Jones Willm. Brook John Reynolds Chas. McCartney (signed) John Rogers | The muster roll of the Earl of Middlesex listed these men. John Rogers, commander Joseph Smith, chief mate Rodam Home, second mate Charles Lucas, third mate Philip Sharp, fourth mate Hugh Thurston, fifth mate Robert Fairfull, acting fifth mate John Crawford, surgeon George Rochford, purser John McCrery, captain's clerk James Bean, purser's clerk Peter Conquest, gunner John Patterson, carpenter John Scott, midshipman Peter Marshall, midshipman Joseph Royce, midshipman Samuel Abbot, midshipman Godfrey Hole, midshipman John Park, midshipman John Pickens, midshipman Richard Hurst, surgeon's mate William Webb, ship's steward Lydell Dean, captain's steward John Cook, quartermaster William Sparks, quartermaster Archibald Robinson, quartermaster William Dickinson, quartermaster James Patterson, quartermaster Henry Pierce, cooper John Green, carpenter's mate John Ruspenson, carpenter's mate John Phillips, caulker Francis Phipps, caulker's mate Thomas Wiltshire, captain's cook Daniel Lyons, captain's servant John Johnson, captain's servant Thomas Gunning, poulterer Christopher Mytton, ship's cook John Bond, armourer John Allen, chief mate's servant Richard Heakes, second mate's servant John Eldridge, surgeon's servant John Norris, boatswain's servant Thomas Gregg, gunner's servant Thomas Mabrook, carpenter's servant Stephen Cook, sailmaker William Wells, butcher John Dunn, gunner's mate William Peirson, boatswain's yeoman Timothy Cunningham, seaman William Bean, seaman William Ford, seaman Charles Perry, seaman James Penfold, seaman Philip Anson, seaman John Player, seaman Thomas Udney, seaman Patrick Conly, seaman Owen Carthy, seaman Norman McCloud, seaman Robert Wilson, seaman John Cowley, seaman Thomas Carr, seaman Morgan Morgan, seaman Joseph Finch, seaman William Tufford, boatswain's mate Robert Smith, seaman Samuel McBeth, seaman John P. Yeo, seaman John Richardson, seaman Charles Richmond, seaman James Butler, seaman Philip Hall, seaman John Fraser, seaman Francis Matthews, seaman Cornelius Johnson, seaman William Benson, seaman Thomas Armstrong, seaman Lawrence Harrison, seaman Jacob Elder, seaman George Garland, seaman Richard Johnson, seaman James Brown, seaman Edward Bailey, seaman Francis Fitzgerald, seaman Thomas Widmore, seaman William Johnson, seaman Richard Farr, seaman Charles Slater, seaman George Bird, seaman Thomas Owen, seaman John Antonio, seaman Assam, seaman John Hyatt, seaman Luke Hill, seaman Peter B. Jones, seaman William Barwick, seaman John Reynolds, seaman Charles McCartney, seaman Captain John Rogers signed the roll. | |
100 | 16th March The Honble. Company's Stores having been broke into on Tuesday Night last and Robbed of £ 355 12 11¼ We published an Advertisement offering a Reward of forty pounds in Order to discover the Person or Persons who committed the Fact. Being in want of Brimstone and the Storekeeper reporting there was none Indented for the last Year We have bought of Captn. Rogers 1344 lb. for which we paid 2 pr. pound amounting to £ 11 4. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Company's stores had been broken into on the night of Tuesday 12 March 1771, and goods worth £355 12s 11¼d had been stolen. The Council published a notice offering a reward of £40 0s 0d for information leading to the person or persons responsible. The island was short of brimstone. The storekeeper reported that none had been ordered from England the previous year. The Council therefore bought 1,344 lb from Captain Rogers of the Earl of Middlesex at 2d a pound, for £11 4s 0d. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The reward of £40 0s 0d was more than ten times a private soldier's quarterly pay and enough to free a slave. On a small island, the thieves and anyone who had handled the goods would be known to someone. A large reward aimed to turn that knowledge into evidence by making betrayal worth more than loyalty. The loss itself, at over £355 0s 0d, came to roughly one-sixth of everything the stores had sold in the whole quarter ending 31 December 1770. The theft struck at the island's main source of income from its own people. Brimstone, or sulphur, was used by the artillery for slow match, fuses and the composition for signal rockets, and by the smiths and doctors for various purposes. It was ordered annually from England through the indent, the yearly requisition the island sent to the Directors. When the storekeeper failed to include it, the Council covered the gap from the private trade of a passing commander. Captain Rogers had come from China, where sulphur was cheap, and probably carried it as private cargo for sale in England. Buying from him at 2d a pound spared the island a year's wait for the next English supply. | |
101 | 18th March At a Consultation held on Monday the 18th day of March 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Absent taking an Examination The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 16th March 1771 Yesterday Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Earl of Middlesex for England do. passed by a Ship at a great distance This day Arrived a Swede Ship from China called the Crown Prince Gustaf Captn. Selle burthen twelve hundred Tons carrys thirty Guns and one hundred and fifty Men loaden with Tea China Ware and Silk bound to Gottenburg On the 12 instant we Inlisted John Wright to serve the Honble. Company as a Soldier for five Years, he appearing to be a good Man, we gave him five pounds Bounty Money. We bought on Account of the Honble. Company of Captn. Carr the following Provisions vizt. 1229 Ps. Salt Meat @ 2/ pr. Ps. £ 122 18 2 1 18 Wheat @ 12/ pr. C. 16 17 6 £ 139 15 6 Counted and examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of February last which is as follows vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 18 March 1771. Governor Skottowe presided with Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, was absent, conducting an examination. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 16 March 1771. The Earl of Middlesex had sailed for England the day before, 17 March 1771. A ship had also passed the island at a great distance that day. On 18 March a Swedish ship arrived from China. She was the Crown Prince Gustaf, commanded by Captain Tolle, a ship of 1,200 tons carrying 30 guns and 150 men. She was laden with tea, porcelain and silk and was bound for Gothenburg. The Council had enlisted John Wright on 12 March 1771 to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. He appeared to be a good man, so the Council paid him a bounty of £5 0s 0d. The Council bought the following provisions from Captain Carr of the Greenwich on the Company's account. Salt meat, 1,229 pieces, at 2s a piece, £122 18s 0d Wheat, 24 cwt 1 qr 18 lb, at 13s 10d a cwt, £16 17s 6d Total, £139 15s 6d The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for February 1771. Interpretations The entry for the Crown Prince Gustaf recorded her tonnage, guns and crew. These details mattered to a garrison that had to judge every foreign ship as a possible threat. She belonged to the Swedish East India Company of Gothenburg, one of the Continental rivals in the China tea trade. A ship of 1,200 tons and 30 guns was larger than most English Indiamen and carried enough men to land a raiding party. Sweden was at peace with Britain, and her calling at the island was routine. The note also carried commercial intelligence for the Directors in London, since every chest of Swedish tea landed at Gothenburg was likely to be smuggled into Britain, undercutting the Company's own sales. The purchase from Captain Carr replenished the salt meat that the stores had been selling heavily to the garrison through the drought, at 2s 0d a piece. The wheat could be ground at the island's mill. It gave the bakehouse a supply of flour less costly than flour bought ready-milled from England. | |
102 | Cash Dr. 1771 Feby. 1st To Balance remaining £ 8204 5 4th To Rents received of Lieut. Robert Garling for the Renewal of two Lives in a Lease being half a Years Rent for each Life or new Nominee 13 6 25th To Exchange for two Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable as follow vizt. One Set to John Purling Esqr. for £ 800 One do. to Miss Mary Bazett for 100 900 £ 9104 18 6 Per Contra Cr. 1771 Feby. 28th By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 8565 3 6 In Cash Notes 539 15 9104 18 6 £ 9104 18 6 Margin Notes: 18th March | The Company's cash account for February 1771 recorded the money received from the bills of exchange issued on 25 February. Money received Balance remaining on 1 February 1771, £8,204 5s 0d Received on 4 February from Lieutenant Robert Gosling for replacing two lives in a lease, at half a year's rent for each new nominee, £0 13s 6d Exchange received on 25 February for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to John Purling, £800 0s 0d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Mary Bazett, £100 0s 0d Total for exchange, £900 0s 0d Total, £9,104 18s 6d Money paid out Balance remaining in coin on 28 February 1771, £8,565 3s 6d Balance remaining in cash notes on 28 February 1771, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £9,104 18s 6d Total, £9,104 18s 6d Interpretations The £900 0s 0d paid in by Purling and Bazett for their bills was the first new money of any size to reach the treasury since Captain Mooy's bills in September 1770. It lifted the coin in hand from £7,664 10s 0d to £8,565 3s 6d. The officers' private remittances to England thus kept the island supplied with coin to pay its garrison. The Company in turn met the bills in London months later out of its home revenues. The cash notes stayed at £539 15s 0d throughout. They were probably the Company's own paper money, circulating on the island as small change and never presented for redemption. | |
103 | 1771 Yesterday we Granted the following Bills of Exchange vizt. One Set to Captn. Robert Carr for five hundred Pounds payable to himself, And one Set to Mr. John Swaits for two hundred and twenty Pounds payable to Mr. John Pyle both drawn at Ninety days sight. Thomas Yates who is employed by the Society in Issuing Arrack to the Publicans and Inhabitants, complained that John Drawwater the Company's Cooper had over Gauged ten Leagers of Arrack eight of which bought of Capt. Carr and two of Mr. Smith Chief Mate of Ship Earl of Middlesex. One of those from Capt. Carr he immediately drew off and found it near short about eight Gallons of what it was Gaged at by the said Drawwater the Night before which made him try another Leager, that he found to be short about ten Gallons he therefore went and acquainted Mr. Powell that he imagined all the Casks of Arrack were over Gaged. Mr. Powell declares that Mr. Wright the Collector of the Customs came and acquainted him that Thos. Yates had informed him, there had been a mistake in the Gaging of the Arrack lately bought and desired he would go with him and see it Gaged over again, that when they came to the Cellar, Drawwater the Cooper being there he desired him to Gage one of the Casks which he accordingly did and made it one hundred fifty seven and a half Gallons the quantity he had Gaged the same Cask for in the Wharf, and insisted it was right. Mr. Powell then Gaged the same Leager and made it only one hundred and forty five Gallons then trying another found it over Gaged several Gallons he then desired the Cooper would Gage the Leager that had been just drawn off which he accordingly did but in Gaging of it put a Rush upon the outside of the Stave instead of putting it under which convinced him that the Cooper had imposed upon him intendedly in the Gaging of the Cask, he further declares that Mr. Smith Chief Mate of the Earl of Middlesex told | The Council had issued two sets of bills of exchange the day before, 17 March 1771, both payable at 90 days' sight. The first, for £500 0s 0d, went to Captain Robert Carr and was payable to himself. The second, for £220 0s 0d, went to John Twaits and was payable to John Pyle. Thomas Yates, who was employed by the Society to issue arrack to the publicans and inhabitants, made a complaint against John Drawwater, the Company's cooper. He said that Drawwater had over-gauged ten leaguers of arrack. Eight had been bought from Captain Carr and two from Mr Smith, chief mate of the Earl of Middlesex. Yates had drawn off one of Captain Carr's casks at once and found it about eight gallons short of the quantity Drawwater had recorded the night before. He tried a second leaguer and found it about ten gallons short. He then went to James Powell and told him he believed all the casks had been over-gauged. Powell gave his own account. Britannicus Wright, the collector of customs, had come to tell him that Yates had reported a mistake in gauging the arrack recently bought. Wright asked Powell to come and watch the casks gauged again. When they reached the cellar, Drawwater was there. Powell asked him to gauge one of the casks. Drawwater made it 157½ gallons, the same quantity he had recorded for it on the wharf, and insisted that the figure was right. Powell then gauged the same leaguer himself and found it held only 145 gallons. He tried another and found it, too, over-gauged by several gallons. He then asked the cooper to gauge the leaguer that had just been drawn off. In doing so, Drawwater held a brush against the outside of the cask instead of placing it underneath. This convinced Powell that the cooper had deliberately deceived him in the gauging. Powell added a further statement concerning what Smith, the chief mate of the Earl of Middlesex, had told him. Interpretations Gauging measured how much liquid a cask held, using a graduated rod passed through the bunghole and across the cask. On the gauger's figure depended both the price the buyer paid and the customs duty owed at 3d a gallon. An inflated reading of eight or ten gallons a leaguer, across ten leaguers, meant the island paid for close to 100 gallons of arrack it never received. The gain went to the sellers, Captain Carr and the mate Smith, and the cooper's motive for inflating their figures was presumably a share of it. The brush held against the cask's side was a way of misplacing the rod's reference point so that it read deeper than the true level. The Society appears to have been a body of inhabitants that bought arrack in bulk from the ships and retailed it to the publicans. It turned private drink retail into a supervised trade, with a single agent issuing spirits. The collector of customs and the storekeeper could check the quantities against the duty paid. Yates's complaint shows the system working as intended. The man who drew off the casks found the shortfall at once, and the officers re-gauged the stock within a day. | |
104 | 18th March him that he knew how to Gage a Cask as well as any Cooper and had Gaged his two Casks with Captn. Bazett and was convinced the Casks Gaged less by twenty one Gallons than the Cooper had Gaged them for on the Wharf, and had made out a Bill deducting twenty one Gallons and was paid accordingly and was entirely satisfied therewith. Powell further declares the Cooper told him he did not Gage the Casks according to the Gaging Rod but to the quantity of Gallons he knew the Casks would run. Captn. Bazett declares that Thomas Yates informed him he found great deficiency in the Cask of Arrack he had drawn off and apprehended there was a mistake in all of them lately Bought. Bazett thereupon desired Mr. Wrangham would go with him and try the Gage of some of the Casks which he accordingly did, and they found in the two Leagers purchased of Mr. Smith upwards of twenty Gallons short of what the Cooper had Gaged them at. Upon which they agreed to let the other Casks remain as they were, and to acquaint Mr. Purling of it. That he Bazett some time after met with Mr. Smith and told him there had been a mistake in the Gaging of the two Leagers of Arrack he had sold. Mr. Smith then desired to try at in the Casks himself that he might be convinced thereof, they thereupon went to the Cellar and he trying the Gage made them less by twenty one Gallons than the Cooper had Gaged them for on the Wharf and he Bazett paid Mr. Smith accordingly deducting twenty one Gallons from his Bill, he further says he then sent for Capt. Carrs Purser and in his presence Gaged the Eight Leagures and then found them to be forty four Gallons short of what the Cooper had Gaged them for, and reporting the same to Capt. Carr he sayed he would only stand to the deficiency of the Gage of the Casks which was twenty six Gallons which quantity he accordingly deducted from Captn. Carrs Bill. Mr. Wrangham declares Captn. Bazett desired he would go with him to the Cellar to inspect the Arrack that had been lately bought which he accordingly did and found there Thos. Yates the Person employed to Issue the Arrack who informed him he had drawn off one Cask and found it run less by Eight or ten Gallons than what it had been Gaged at by Drawwater the Cooper | Smith, the chief mate of the Earl of Middlesex, had told Powell that he knew how to gauge a cask as well as any cooper. He had gauged his own two casks with Captain Bazett and was satisfied that they held 21 gallons less than the cooper had recorded on the wharf. He had made out a bill with the 21 gallons deducted, had been paid on that basis and was content. Powell further stated that the cooper had admitted to him that he had not gauged the casks by the gauging rod. Instead he had entered the number of gallons he expected the casks to hold. Captain Henry Bazett gave his account. Thomas Yates had told him he had found a large shortfall in the cask of arrack he had drawn off, and he suspected a mistake in all the recent purchases. Bazett asked William Wrangham to go with him and test the gauge of some of the casks. They found the two leaguers bought from Smith more than 20 gallons short of the cooper's figure. They agreed to leave the other casks untouched and to report the matter to Purling. Some time later Bazett met Smith and told him there had been a mistake in gauging the two leaguers he had sold. Smith asked to test the casks himself so that he could be sure. They went to the cellar together, and the gauge showed 21 gallons less than the cooper's figure on the wharf. Bazett paid Smith on that basis, deducting 21 gallons from his bill. Bazett then sent for Captain Carr's purser and gauged the eight leaguers in his presence. They proved 44 gallons short of the cooper's figures. When Bazett reported this to Captain Carr, the captain would accept only the shortfall shown by the gauge of the casks, which was 26 gallons. Bazett deducted that quantity from Captain Carr's bill. William Wrangham confirmed that Bazett had asked him to come to the cellar to inspect the newly bought arrack. There they found Thomas Yates, who told him he had drawn off one cask and found it eight or ten gallons less than Drawwater the cooper had gauged it. Interpretations Drawwater's admission that he gauged by the quantity he expected a cask to hold, and not by the rod, removed any doubt that his figures were invented. A leaguer was a standard size of cask, so a cooper familiar with them could write down a customary figure without measuring. The true contents depended on how full the cask had been kept and how much had leaked on the voyage. By entering the nominal size, Drawwater credited the sellers with arrack lost at sea. The two sellers responded very differently once the shortfall was shown. Smith, a mate selling his own small venture, tested the casks himself, accepted the full 21 gallons and was satisfied. Captain Carr conceded only 26 of the 44 gallons found missing in his eight leaguers. He accepted what the gauge showed but not the further loss revealed when the casks were drawn off. A commander was too important to the island's supply to be pressed hard, and Bazett settled on his terms. Carr had just been given bills of exchange for £500 0s 0d, a sign of how valuable his private trade was. The island bore the remaining 18 gallons of loss. | |
105 | 1771 Cooper upon which he Wrangham tryed the Gage of a full Cask found it had been Gaged more by several Gallons than it would measure by the Gaging Rod, the Cooper being present offered to lay a Wager that the Casks would Run what he Gaged them for endeavouring to justify what he had done. Wrangham then told him it appeared to him in so bad a light that he would lay it before the Govr. and Council. Mr. Wright the Collector of the Customs was then asked why he had not seen into the Gage of the Casks himself and prevented the Coopers imposing the false Gage now complained of. Replyed the Cooper had always Gaged the Arrack landed out of the Ships Agreeable to the orders he had received from the Governor & Council and hearing of no complaint before had no suspicion of his doing injustice in his Gaging, but that the day after the Arrack was received from Capt. Carr and Mr. Smith he was informed that Thos. Yates had drawn off one of the Leagures bought of Capt. Carr and had found a deficiency of ten Gallons he then went to Yates to be informed of the truth when Yates told him it had run about ten Gallons short of the Gage, upon which he Wright tryed the Gage himself of one or two Casks and found they did not answer the Quantity of Gallons the Cooper had Gaged them for, he then sent for the Cooper and made him Gage three of the Casks in his presence the Cooper made two of them as he sayed Gage the same quantity of Gallons he had the Evening before but one Cask he acknowledged did not answer the Gage by five or six Gallons. he Wright then asking the reason Drawwater replyed it being near dark he might have made a mistake in the Gage. Wright thereupon went to Mr. Powell and desired he would go with him to see the Gage of the Casks which he accordingly did, when they found the Casks had been over Gaged by the Cooper. Mr. Purling observes that is very evident from what had appeared in the above Examination that the imposition in Gaging of Arrack had been practised all last Year for altho it had a quick vend and no great Stock in hand at any time, yet the deficiency was so very considerable that six hundred and sixty Gallons was wrote off to Profit and Loss in the course of the Year 1770 which he apprehends could not have happened had the Casks been fairly Gaged as no visible Leak appeared in any of the Casks. | Wrangham then tested the gauge of a full cask and found that it had been recorded as holding several gallons more than the gauging rod showed. The cooper, who was present, offered to bet that the casks would yield what he had recorded, in an attempt to justify himself. Wrangham told him the matter looked so bad that he would lay it before the Governor and Council. Britannicus Wright, the collector of customs, was asked why he had not checked the gauge himself and stopped the cooper from entering false figures. He replied that the cooper had always gauged the arrack landed from the ships, in line with the orders the Governor and Council had given. No complaint had ever reached him, so he had no reason to suspect the cooper of dishonest gauging. The day after the arrack was received from Captain Carr and Smith, however, Wright heard that Thomas Yates had drawn off one of Captain Carr's leaguers and found it ten gallons short. He went to Yates to find out the truth, and Yates confirmed that the cask had run about ten gallons below its gauge. Wright then tested one or two casks himself and found that they did not hold what the cooper had recorded. He sent for the cooper and made him gauge three of the casks in his presence. The cooper claimed that two of them gauged the same as the evening before, but admitted that the third fell short by five or six gallons. Asked for the reason, Drawwater said that it had been nearly dark and he might have made a mistake. Wright then went to Powell and asked him to come and watch the casks being gauged, and together they found that the cooper had over-gauged them. Purling observed that the examination showed clearly that false gauging of arrack had gone on throughout the previous year. Arrack sold quickly and little was ever held in stock. Even so, the shortfall had been so large that 660 gallons had been written off to profit and loss during 1770. In his view, that could not have happened if the casks had been fairly gauged, since none of them showed any sign of leaking. Interpretations The collector of customs was answerable for duty on every gallon landed, yet he had left the gauging entirely to the cooper and checked nothing himself. The Council's own orders had placed the measurement in the hands of one man who was then trusted without supervision. Wright's defence, that no one had complained, showed the weakness of the system. Any loss was concealed until a retailer drew off a cask and found it short, and by then the bill had been paid. The 660 gallons Purling cited dwarfed the 22 gallons of arrack the storekeeper wrote off as wastage in the Company's stores for the year ending 30 September 1770. The larger figure probably came from the Society's own accounts for the arrack it bought and retailed, where the losses had been absorbed without question. At about 3s 4d a gallon, 660 gallons came to more than £110 0s 0d. Purling's reasoning was simple. A spirit that sold quickly and was never held long in store could not have evaporated or leaked on that scale from sound casks. The difference had to have been paid for and never received. | |
106 | 18th March John Drawwater the Cooper being asked what he had to say in his defence replyed he might have made a mistake in the Gaging of the two last Casks it being near Dark, but that he had no intention to defraud any one in the Gage. We then sent for Captn. Tippet the Engineer and required him to inform Us whether John Drawwater Cooper was diligent in the discharge of his Duty, replyed he was a very Idle Fellow constantly disobeyed Orders and totally neglected his Business. Having duly considered the above affair it appears very clearly to Us that the said John Drawwater Cooper has been guilty of a great imposition in designedly over Gaging the Arrack bought of Captn. Carr and Mr. Smith and knowing him besides to be very neglectful of his Business, as well as keeping a disorderly bad House we think it incumbent on Us, and do hereby dismiss him the Company's Service, and resolve to send him off the Island. John Skottowe Purling | John Drawwater, the cooper, was asked what he had to say in his defence. He replied that he might have made a mistake in gauging the last two casks because it had been nearly dark, but that he had never meant to defraud anyone. The Council then sent for Captain James Tippet, the engineer, and asked him whether Drawwater had been diligent in his duties. Tippet replied that he was a very idle man who constantly disobeyed orders and wholly neglected his work. The Council weighed the whole affair. It concluded that Drawwater had plainly committed a serious fraud by deliberately over-gauging the arrack bought from Captain Carr and Smith. It also knew him to be very negligent in his work and to keep a disorderly house. The Council therefore dismissed him from the Company's service and resolved to send him off the island. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Purling. Interpretations A fraud that had cost the island hundreds of gallons of arrack might have been sent for trial before the island's court of justice, where the clerk of arraignments and the clerk of the peace handled such cases. The Council chose instead to dismiss Drawwater and deport him. That was an administrative penalty it could impose at once on its own authority, without a jury or the formality of an indictment. The evidence of intent rested largely on the cooper's own admissions and the testimony of the officers, and a trial risked his escaping on the plea of darkness and honest error. Removal from the island was the heaviest sanction short of a court's sentence. It cost the Company nothing beyond his passage, and it cleared the island of a man whose disorderly house was itself a nuisance. Tippet's evidence of Drawwater's idleness and disobedience gave the Council grounds for dismissal that did not depend on proving fraud. The sellers, Captain Carr and Smith, faced no sanction. Both had already conceded deductions from their bills, and the commander of a Company ship was beyond the Council's power to punish. | |
107 | 25th March At a Consultation held on Monday the 25th day of March 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 18th March 1771. Tuesday the 19th Sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Duke of Cumberland and Greenwich for England do. do. passed by a Ship at a great distance Wednesday the 20th Arrived a Swede Ship from China called the Finland Capt. Ekenberg burthen 1100 Tons carrys 28 Guns & 180 Men loaden with Tea China Ware and Silk bound to Gottenburg Thursday the 21 Died Thomas Mathers Matross do. do. Sailed the Swede Ship Crown Prince Gustaf for Gottenburg Friday the 22 Arrived a Dane Ship from China called the Fredericksburg Capt. Swane burthen 1300 Tons carrys 28 Guns and 170 Men loaden with Tea China Ware and Silk bound to Copenhagen do. do. Sailed the Swede Ship Finland for Gottenburg Saturday the 23 Arrived a Dane Ship from China called the King of Denmark Capt. Pesen burthen 1200 Tons carrys 30 Guns and 170 Men loaden with Tea China Ware and Silk bound to Copenhagen Yesterday died John Tolliddale Private Yesterday Arrived his Majesty's Ship Portland from England, by which opportunity we received a Packet containing two General Letters from the Honble. Court of Directors, one under date of 23 November 1770, and 2 January 1771. Also a Packet from the Secret Committee Addressed to the Governor and Lieutenant Governor. This day Arrived the Lord Camdens Boat at Banks's at 4 OClock in the Morning do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Lord Camden from China | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 25 March 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 18 March 1771. The week since the last meeting had brought heavy traffic in the road. On Tuesday 19 March the Company's ships Duke of Cumberland and Greenwich sailed for England, and a ship passed the island at a great distance. On Wednesday 20 March a Swedish ship arrived from China. She was the Finland, commanded by Captain Ekenburg, a ship of 1,100 tons carrying 28 guns and 180 men, laden with tea, porcelain and silk and bound for Gothenburg. Thomas Matthews, a matross, died on Thursday 21 March. The Swedish ship Crown Prince Gustaf sailed for Gothenburg the same day. On Friday 22 March a Danish ship arrived from China. She was the Fredericksburg, commanded by Captain Swane, a ship of 1,300 tons carrying 28 guns and 170 men, laden with tea, porcelain and silk and bound for Copenhagen. The Finland sailed for Gothenburg that day. On Saturday 23 March a second Danish ship arrived from China. She was the King of Denmark, commanded by Captain Pesen, a ship of 1,200 tons carrying 30 guns and 170 men, with the same cargo and also bound for Copenhagen. John Totterdale, a private, had died on 24 March. The King's ship Portland had arrived from England the same day. She brought a packet with two general letters from the Court of Directors, dated 23 November 1770 and 2 January 1771. She also brought a separate packet from the Secret Committee, addressed to the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor. On the morning of 25 March a boat from the Lord Camden landed at Banks's at four o'clock. The Company's ship Lord Camden then arrived from China. Interpretations The Secret Committee was the small inner group of Directors that handled matters of war, diplomacy and defence, which were kept from the full Court and from the island's Council. Its packet was addressed only to the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor, so Purling had no sight of its contents. It came by a royal warship, not a Company merchantman. Together these suggest that its business concerned the security of the island, which was the Lieutenant Governor's particular charge as commander of the garrison. Two Swedish and two Danish ships called within four days, each larger and more heavily armed than most English Indiamen. St Helena was a refreshment station for the whole European China trade, not only the English. Foreign crews took water and, where they could, fresh provisions. In a drought year that added to the strain on the island's supplies. Recording each ship's tonnage, guns and crew gave the Directors a running register of their rivals' strength in the China tea trade. | |
108 | 25th March Ordered the following Advertisement to be Published vizt. Island St. Helena 25th March 1771. This is to give Notice to all the Inhabitants upon the said Island, that they are hereby required to meet in Vestry at the Chappel in this Valley on Monday next to chuse Parish Officers for the ensuing Year they are likewise to return three of the Principal Inhabitants that one may be Elected to serve the Office of Sheriff, and to chuse a proper Person for a Constable. Per Order of Council (signed) M. Bazett Secy. The Governor this day laid before the Board the following Minute vizt. The Governor this day mentions to the Gentlemen of Council that as nothing yet has transpired yet relative to the Robbery of the Honble. Company's Stores on the Night of the 12th instant altho both the Corporals and one private Man who that Night were of the Castle Guard have been tried by a General Court Martial, for quitting their Post where Entry over the Stores and the Corporals for a neglect of Duty and disobedience of Orders he therefore begs leave to recommend the circumstance to the most serious consideration and attention of this Board and will most heartily concur in every scheme that may be proposed likely to discover and find out the Person or Persons that have committed the atrocious Robbery. The Lieut. Governor likewise laid the following Minute before the Board | The Council ordered a notice to be published, dated 25 March 1771. It required all the island's inhabitants to meet in vestry at the chapel in James's Valley the following Monday to choose parish officers for the coming year. They were also to put forward the names of three leading inhabitants, from whom one would be chosen to serve as Sheriff, and to choose a suitable person to serve as constable. Matthew Bazett, the secretary, signed the notice on the Council's order. Governor Skottowe then laid a minute before the Council. Nothing had yet come to light about the robbery of the Company's stores on the night of 12 March 1771. The corporal and one private of the Castle guard on duty that night, when the stores were entered, had both been tried by a general court martial. The private was charged with leaving his post, and the corporal with neglect of duty and disobeying orders. The Governor urged the Council to give the matter its most serious attention. He promised his full support for any plan likely to identify those responsible for so serious a robbery. The Lieutenant Governor also laid a minute before the Council. Interpretations The choice of Sheriff combined local nomination with Company control. The inhabitants put forward three names at the vestry, and the Council appointed one of them. The Sheriff summoned meetings, served orders and enforced the island's by-laws, as James Greentree had done over the dogs in November 1770. Letting the inhabitants nominate gave the office their consent. Reserving the final choice to the Council kept the island's chief enforcement officer answerable to the Company. The vestry, the parish meeting held in the chapel, served as the island's only regular assembly of inhabitants. The Governor's minute put on record that he had pressed for the robbery to be solved. The court martial had punished the guards' failures, but it had not found the thieves or the £355 12s 11¼d of stolen goods. The break-in had happened while a Castle guard was posted, so some collusion or connivance was possible. By formally urging the Council to act, the Governor protected his own standing with the Directors. Any later criticism of the failed inquiry would then fall on the Board as a whole. | |
109 | 1771 The Lieut. Governor likewise presented the subsequent Minute and also Examinations taken by him The Lieut. Governor begs leave to lay before the Board his Conduct in regard to the Robbery of the Company's Stores of a considerable sum of Money on the night of the 12th instant as the Magistrate before whom the Examination was taken. That the morning of the 13th instant when said Robbery was known and the Guard that lay in the Castle suspected, they were immediately confined in Separate Prisons. that Mr. Corneille then sent for them severally and examined each of them but not finding any circumstance in the least on which to ground a suspicion of any of the said Guard being the Person or Persons Guilty of said Robbery but highly Guilty of a great neglect of duty and disobedience of Orders that he further that Morning of said enquiry had a thorough search of the Black House in the Fort Garden, as also the Black House in the Valley that Captain Tippet agreeable to the Orders he had received from Mr. Corneille had likewise a thorough search on the Mount the East half Bastion and the Wall round the Store without being able to make any sort of discovery as I imagined so Capital a Sum in different Species must have been secreted somewhere and not in the possession of the Thief or Thiefs that the Chest of the Guard were likewise examined and that after taking all the above Steps Mr. Corneille then acquainted the Governor and Mr. Purling what he had done in consequence of which they agreed to bring the Offenders to a General Court Martial for the Military neglect of Duty and disobedience of Orders, that in consequence of said Court Martial they were sentenced to severe punishment that after the Corporal had received as much of his punishment as could be inflicted at one time Mr. Corneille as signed with the Governor and Mr. Purling sent for Corporal Hill and promised him that he should be remitted the remainder of his Punishment for his Military Crime be under the protection of the Law and likewise receive the Reward offered to the discoverer if he would turn Kings Evidence, but he persisted in being entirely innocent as to the Robbery and offered to give upon Oath that he neither was concerned nor knew any circumstance relative to it this I lay before the Board to be entered in Consultation and likewise for the Gentlemen of the Board to consider | The Lieutenant Governor next presented a minute of his own, with the examinations he had taken. As the magistrate who had conducted the inquiry, he wished to set out for the Council what he had done about the robbery of a considerable sum of the Company's money from the stores on the night of 12 March 1771. When the robbery was discovered on the morning of 13 March, suspicion fell on the guard posted at the Castle. Corneille had the men locked up at once in separate cells. He sent for each in turn and questioned him. He found nothing to suggest that any of the guard had taken part in the robbery, but he judged them plainly guilty of serious neglect of duty and disobedience of orders. That same morning he had the slaves' houses in the Fort Garden searched thoroughly, and also the slaves' houses in the valley. On his orders, Captain Tippet carried out a thorough search of the Mount, the East Half Bastion and the wall round the stores. Neither search found anything. Corneille reasoned that so large a sum, made up of several kinds of coin, must have been hidden somewhere and could not still be in the thieves' hands. The guards' chests were also searched. After taking these steps, Corneille reported them to the Governor and to Purling. They agreed to bring the guards before a general court martial for neglect of duty and disobedience, and the men received severe sentences. Corporal Hill had received as much of his punishment as could be inflicted at one time. Corneille, the Governor and Purling then sent for him. They promised him that the rest of his punishment for the military offence would be remitted, that he would have the protection of the law and that he would receive the reward offered for information, if he would turn King's evidence. Hill insisted that he was entirely innocent of the robbery. He offered to swear on oath that he had taken no part in it and knew nothing about it. Corneille laid this account before the Council to be entered in the record and for the members to consider. Interpretations The first places searched after the guard were the slaves' houses in the Fort Garden and the valley. Suspicion fell on the slaves by default, before any evidence pointed to them. Slave quarters could be entered and turned over without warrant or formality. In the event the searches found nothing, and the money seemed more likely to have been hidden near the Castle walls, on the Mount or along the bastion. The offer made to Corporal Hill shows how the island's authorities used the law to break a suspected conspiracy. Hill had already been flogged once under his court-martial sentence, and further floggings awaited him. He was offered release from the rest of the punishment, immunity from prosecution and the £40 0s 0d reward if he would name the thieves as King's evidence. It was a powerful inducement for a man earning about £21 0s 0d a year. His refusal, and his offer to swear his innocence on oath, made it more likely that the guard had been negligent rather than complicit. The coin, in several kinds, would have been hard to spend unnoticed in a community where every Spanish dollar or rupee passed through a few hands. | |
110 | 25th March consider whether any other measures can be fallen upon tending to a further discovery. Morgan says that he was to have gone Sentry at two OClock in the Morning and was to be called by Medcalf whom he was to Relieve at that hour, but that he was never called untill he woke at five OClock this Morning and was not Sentry on the Bastion the whole night. Medcalf says that he was to go Sentry at twelve OClock to relieve two, that he lay down at ten on the side of Corporal Hill that he was never woke the whole night until Reveille this Morning and did not go Sentry that Robinson was placed Sentry at two OClock at Night by Corporal Hill and knows nothing further relative to the Robbery. Robinson says that he went on Sentry at ten OClock at Night, that as the Night was wet he stayed Sentry until four OClock in the Morning, that then he left his Post and went down in the Castle Yard and called Alesworth who was asleep under the Archway of the Castle to relieve him, that he accordingly went by himself. Alesworth says that he was the first Man Posted Sentry on the Bastion at nine OClock and was relieved at ten by Robinson who was posted by Corporal Hill, that when he returned to his Guard he went and slept under the Arch way in the Castle Yard, that Robinson came to him some time after that deponent asked him what OClock it was that Robinson answered near twelve that deponent then asked him to call him at four OClock as he was to go Sentry at that Hour that deponent then saw him spread his Blanket and lay down that a little after he heard twelve OClock strike and then fell asleep until he was woke at four by Robinson who then went Sentry until he was relieved at Six, but when he went to his post found it deserted and even looked about to see whether | Corneille asked the Council to consider whether any further steps could be taken to uncover the truth. The statements of the guard followed. Morgan stated that he was due to go on sentry at two o'clock in the morning. Medcalf, whom he was to relieve at that hour, was to wake him. No one called him, and he slept until five o'clock that morning. He was not on sentry on the bastion at any time during the night. Medcalf stated that he was due to stand sentry from midnight until two o'clock. He lay down at ten o'clock on the far side of Corporal Hill and did not wake all night until reveille, so he never went on sentry. He said that Corporal Hill had posted Robinson as sentry at two o'clock in the morning. He knew nothing more about the robbery. Robinson stated that he went on sentry at ten o'clock at night. Because it was a wet night, he stayed at his post until four o'clock in the morning. He then left his post and went down into the Castle yard to call Ainsworth, who was asleep under the Castle archway, to relieve him. Ainsworth then went to the post on his own. Ainsworth stated that he was the first man posted on the bastion, at nine o'clock. Robinson, posted by Corporal Hill, relieved him at ten. Ainsworth returned to the guard and lay down to sleep under the archway in the Castle yard. Some time later Robinson came to him. Ainsworth asked him the time, and Robinson said it was nearly midnight. Ainsworth asked to be woken at four o'clock, since he was due on sentry then. He saw Robinson spread his blanket and lie down. Shortly afterwards he heard the clock strike twelve, and he fell asleep until Robinson woke him at four. Ainsworth then stood sentry until he was relieved at six. When he reached his post, however, he found it deserted, and he even looked about to see whether anyone was there. Interpretations The statements broke down the guard's account of the night. Robinson claimed he had stood sentry through the wet night until four o'clock. Ainsworth had seen him lie down beside him under the archway at about midnight. Medcalf, due on at midnight, had slept through. Morgan, due on at two, was never called. On the men's own evidence, the bastion overlooking the stores stood unguarded from about midnight until four o'clock. Those were exactly the hours in which the thieves could work unseen. Corporal Hill, who had to post and check the sentries, had let the whole roster lapse. That explains the court martial's verdict of neglect of duty and disobedience against him and the private who left his post. It also explains why the inquiry found negligence but no proof of theft. An empty post invited thieves, but it did not show who they were. | |
111 | 1771 whether the Sentry he ought to have relieved was not at a distance from said post, the Deponent further observes that he cannot say whether Robinson staid under the Arch from twelve to four as he was asleep the whole time but is sure he saw him spread his Blanket and lay down about twelve OClock. Corporal Hill deposeth that he was Corporal of the Castle Guard, that he posted the first Sentry which was Robinson at ten OClock at Night that at twelve he relieved the said Robinson and posted Medcalf and the Corporal Holloway was to relieve the remainder of the Night that he then lay down and cannot be positive whether the Sentrys was Regularly relieved after, being Asked who of the Guard lay in the Guard Room, says that he and the other Corporal, Medcalf and Morgan that Alesworth lay under the Arch and that Robinson when he came off Sentry at twelve put his Firelock in the Guard room but did not take notice whether Robinson lay in the Guard Room or not. Corporal Holloway deposeth that he was one of the Corporals of the Castle Guard, that he and Corporal Hill had made an agreement between themselves that Hill was to set up the Night of the 12th March and Relieve the Sentrys, and that he the Deponent to sit up the next night, that according to the said agreement as soon as the Guard was detached in the Castle which was a little before ten OClock he laid himself down to Sleep, but observing only Medcalf and Robinson on the Guard, and supposing one of the Men sentry told Corporal Hill there was a Man wanting, on which the said Hill went and unlocked the Gates and let in Morgan who had been locked out, that this was before ten, that he further observed Robinson preparing to go Sentry, but as he fell asleep until Reveille beating this Morning can give no further account of what was done. In consequence of the above Minutes we agreed to send for the two Corporals separately before the Board and to repeat to each of them the same offers made to them by Mr. Corneille and they being severally examined before us, deny in the strongest manner their being any | Ainsworth added that he had wondered whether the sentry he was meant to relieve might simply have strayed some way from the post. He could not say whether Robinson stayed under the arch from midnight until four o'clock, since he himself was asleep the whole time. He was sure, however, that he had seen Robinson spread his blanket and lie down at about midnight. Corporal Hill stated that he was a corporal of the Castle guard. He posted the first sentry, Robinson, at ten o'clock at night. At midnight he relieved Robinson and posted Medcalf. Corporal Holloway was to handle the reliefs for the rest of the night. Hill then lay down, and he could not say for certain whether the sentries were relieved properly after that. Asked which of the guard slept in the guardroom, he said that he, the other corporal, Medcalf and Morgan did. Ainsworth slept under the arch. When Robinson came off sentry at midnight, he left his musket in the guardroom. Hill did not notice whether Robinson then slept in the guardroom or not. Corporal Holloway stated that he was also a corporal of the Castle guard. He and Corporal Hill had agreed between themselves that Hill would stay awake on the night of 12 March to relieve the sentries, and Holloway would do so the following night. Under that arrangement, as soon as the guard was posted in the Castle, shortly before ten o'clock, Holloway lay down to sleep. Before doing so, he noticed that only Medcalf and Robinson were on guard. Supposing that one of the other men was on sentry, he told Corporal Hill that a man was missing. Hill then went and unlocked the gates and let in Morgan, who had been shut out. All this happened before ten o'clock. Holloway also saw Robinson getting ready to go on sentry. He then fell asleep until the drums beat reveille, and could say nothing more. On the strength of these statements, the Council agreed to call the two corporals before it one at a time and to repeat to each the offers Corneille had made. Each was examined separately, and each denied in the strongest terms any part in the robbery. Interpretations The corporals' private agreement to take the night duty in turns explains how the guard collapsed. Orders required the corporals to see that the sentries were relieved through the night. Hill and Holloway had made a sleeping rota of their own, so that on any night only one was awake. On 12 March the one meant to stay awake was Hill, and by his own admission he lay down after midnight. The statements also contradicted one another on the key point. Hill said he posted Medcalf at midnight, but Medcalf swore he slept through without ever going on sentry. Either Hill had never posted him, or Medcalf had gone back to sleep at once. Morgan had been locked out of the Castle until Holloway noticed a man missing. Before the night began, the guard was already short-handed and loosely kept. | |
112 | 25th March any ways concerned in the said Robbery and appeared to be very anxious that the Robbery might be found out, and as we have the strongest reasons to imagine by the Examinations taken by Mr. Corneille and the proceedings before the General Court Martial to think that Robinson must be a party concerned in the aforesaid Robbery, We have directed Holloway to be put into the same Prison with him in Order to endeavour to sound the said Robinson relative to the Robbery as hitherto they have all been separately confined. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 27th day of March 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor having taken the examinations before The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 25th March 1771 Yesterday died Rebecca Daughter of Roderick Merchant Publican This day do. Ann Wife of Joseph Chamberlain Carpenter do. do. Sailed the Dane Ships Fredericksburg and King of Denmark for Copenhagen Mr. Purling yesterday presented the following Letter to the Board | The corporals had seemed very anxious for the robbery to be solved. The examinations taken by Corneille and the proceedings of the court martial gave the Council the strongest grounds for believing that Robinson must have been involved. Until then all the men had been held in separate cells. The Council therefore ordered Corporal Holloway to be placed in the same cell as Robinson, so that he could draw Robinson out about the robbery. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. The Council met at the Castle on Wednesday 27 March 1771. The Governor presided with Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, did not sit, because he had already taken the examinations in the case. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 25 March 1771. Rebecca, the daughter of Roderick Merchant, a publican, had died the day before, 26 March 1771. Ann, the wife of Joseph Chamberlain, a carpenter, died on 27 March. The Danish ships Fredericksburg and King of Denmark sailed for Copenhagen the same day. Purling had presented a letter to the Council the day before, which the record went on to give. Interpretations Placing Holloway in Robinson's cell was a deliberate use of a planted informer. The usual course with a suspect who would not confess was to hold him apart and question him again, or to leave him to his court-martial punishment. The Council chose deception instead. Holloway had shown himself eager to help, had already given evidence that undermined Robinson's story, and was a fellow soldier Robinson might trust. Robinson might speak to a cellmate in a way he would never speak to a magistrate. The minute recorded the purpose openly, so the Council evidently regarded the stratagem as a legitimate method of inquiry. Corneille's absence from the meeting of 27 March shows a concern to keep the roles in the case apart. As the magistrate who had examined the guard, he had already formed views on the evidence. By not sitting while the Council considered the matter further, he left the Governor and Purling to judge his conduct of the inquiry, which he had himself laid before them. | |
113 | 27th March To John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena Gentlemen On considering the circumstance I mentioned Yesterday in Council of a Stocking being tied round a Crow undoubtedly made use of to pick a hole through the Wall of the Stores from whence the Company's Money was stolen on the night of the 12th instant, and one Branston a Drummer in this Garrison supposed to be the owner of the Stocking given him by Thomas Yates whose initial Letters of his Name are marked thereon, the said Branston having only one Garter on when examined before a Justice of Peace appears to me a presumption so strong against him that I think he and all others concerned should be strictly examined before Us, touching this matter as it may possibly lead to a discovery of the Robbery. In an affair of such consequence to our Masters nothing should escape our Vigilance in trying every way we can devise to detect and bring to condign punishment the perpetrators of this horrid crime the most daring I ever knew of the kind committed in this Island. I am Gentlemen Your most Obedt. humble Servant (signed) March 26th 1771 M. Purling Upon which we agreed to meet this Day and take the following Examinations vizt. Thomas Yates Gunner being duly sworn deposeth that he verily believes the Stocking now produced and found round the Crow in the Store Yard on the Morning of the 13th instant had been his property because it had the Initial Letters of his name marked upon it exactly in the same manner as all his Stockings were marked and remembers he had given Joseph Branston Drummer old Stockings of the same kind and mark he further declares he had given the said Branston | Purling's letter to Governor Skottowe and the Council was dated 26 March 1771. The day before, he had raised in Council a piece of evidence from the robbery of 12 March. A stocking had been found tied round a crowbar, which had plainly been used to break a hole through the wall of the store from which the Company's money was taken. The stocking was thought to belong to Branston, a drummer in the garrison. Thomas Yates had given it to him, and Yates's initials were marked on it. When Branston was examined before a justice of the peace, he had only one garter. To Purling this raised so strong a presumption against him that Branston and everyone else involved should be closely examined before the Council, since the inquiry might lead to the discovery of the robbery. In a matter of such importance to the Company, nothing should escape the Council's vigilance. Every possible means should be tried to detect the culprits and bring them to the punishment they deserved. Purling called it the most daring crime of its kind ever committed on the island. The Council agreed to meet that day and take statements. Thomas Yates, a gunner, gave evidence on oath. He firmly believed that the stocking produced in Council, found round the crowbar in the store yard on the morning of 13 March, had once been his. It bore his initials, marked exactly as all his stockings were marked. He remembered giving old stockings of the same kind and marking to Joseph Branston, a drummer. He further stated that he had given Branston other items as well. Interpretations The stocking wrapped round the crowbar points to a planned break-in. Padding the iron muffled the noise of chipping through the store wall, which explains how the thieves could work close to a Castle guard without being heard. It also shows that the store was entered through its wall, not its door, so no lock or key had been forced. The unguarded hours on the bastion, from about midnight until four o'clock, gave them the time. Purling's reasoning about Branston's single garter linked a soldier's dress to the scene of the crime. A garter tied a stocking below the knee. A drummer found with one garter missing, and with a stocking marked as one of his cast-offs left at the scene, faced a chain of circumstance pointing at him. Purling pressed for a formal examination before the full Council, not a justice of the peace alone. The scale of the loss and the Directors' likely scrutiny called for the inquiry to be seen at the highest level. | |
114 | 27th March Branston a Pair of Garters of the same Colour and stuff with that piece of Garter found tied round the said Crow. Sukey a Black Woman who Washes for the said Joseph Branston, being examined declares that she had washed for the said Branston for some time past and knew that Thomas Yates had given Branston some Stockings which stockings she had often Washed, and that Branston might know his Stockings from Yates's he had put a private Mark on them and being shewed the private Mark on the Stocking found round the Crow declares it was the same as Branston had put on the Stockings which Yates had given him, being also asked of Yates's Stockings she Washed were marked with T Y says they were all marked in that Manner but no private mark on them, Miss Betsey Young at her request having marked them for him, being further asked whether she washed for any other person whose Stockings had these Marks upon them Answered in the Negative. Joseph Branston being brought before Us told us before he was asked any questions that he went by the name of Joseph Branston here but his real name is Alexander Stewart being then asked why he changed his Name replies that the Sergeant who inlisted him in London desired that he would take the Name of Joseph Branston instead of Alexander Stewart, Being asked whether he knew the Stocking produced had ever been his property declares that he cannot say positively it had, but acknowledges that Thomas Yates had given him some of the same sort with the Mark of T Y upon them, being then asked if he ever made any private Mark upon the Stockings he had from Yates declares he never put any, but being asked the same Question soon after answered to the best of his knowledge he had never put any and desired he might be permitted to fetch some Stockings marked T Y which he said Yates had also given him and accordingly went for them. In the mean time Sukey the Washer Woman being again asked if she was certain that Branston had put a private Mark on his Stockings declares he had and told her his reasons | Yates added that he had also given Branston a pair of garters of the same colour and material as the piece of garter found tied round the crowbar. Sukey, a black woman who did Branston's washing, was then examined. She had washed for him for some time. She knew that Yates had given him some stockings, and she had often washed them. To tell his stockings apart from Yates's, Branston had put a private mark on them. She was shown the private mark on the stocking found round the crowbar. She said it was the same mark Branston had put on the stockings Yates gave him. Asked about the stockings she washed for Yates himself, which were marked TY, she said they all bore that mark and no private mark. Betsey Young had marked them for Yates at Sukey's request. Asked whether she washed for anyone else whose stockings bore those marks, she said she did not. Joseph Branston was then brought before the Council. Before any question was put to him, he said that he went by the name of Joseph Branston on the island, but his real name was Alexander Stewart. Asked why he had changed his name, he said the sergeant who enlisted him in London had told him to take the name Joseph Branston instead of his own. Asked whether the stocking produced had ever been his, he said he could not be certain, but he admitted that Yates had given him some of the same kind marked TY. Asked whether he had put a private mark on the stockings Yates gave him, he said he had never done so. Asked the same question again soon afterwards, he answered that as far as he knew he had never marked them. He asked leave to fetch some stockings marked TY which he said Yates had also given him, and he went to get them. Meanwhile Sukey was asked again whether she was certain that Branston had put a private mark on his stockings. She said he had, and that he had told her why. Interpretations The key evidence came from Sukey, a slave woman, and the Council took it seriously. In many colonies a slave's testimony counted for little or nothing against a white man. Here the Council relied on her detailed knowledge of the soldiers' laundry to tie the stocking to Branston. She knew Yates's mark from Branston's private one. She knew who had marked them and why. She knew that no one else she washed for used the same initials. Her account gave the Council a precise identification that no officer could have supplied. Branston's admission that he had enlisted under another man's name shows a common abuse in recruiting for the Company's service. A recruiting sergeant with a quota to fill, or a bounty to collect, might enrol a man under the name of someone who had signed and then backed out, or who existed only on paper. Volunteering his real name before being asked may have been an attempt at candour. Yet it also gave the Council reason to doubt the honesty of a witness who had served for years under a false identity. His shifting answer on the private mark, from never to not as far as he knew, weakened his position further. | |
115 | 1771 reasons for doing so was to know them from Yates's as she washed for them both, and that all his Cloaths had a private mark like that on the Stocking. Joseph Branston having returned with the Stockings produced two Pair both of which were marked T Y and one of them marked with a private Mark which two Pair of Stockings being shewn to Sukey was asked whether she had ever washed them for the said Branston says she washed the pair that has a private Mark on them which she declares Branston had made, but the other pair she thinks she never had. Thomas Yates being again called before Us and asked whether he had given the Stockings Branston produced to him, says he believes they are the same he gave him some time before. Joseph Branston being asked whether he knew any thing of the Garter that was found tied round the Crow in the Stores and now shewn him, answers that he could not certainly tell whether it had been his or not, but says he had a pair which had been given him by Thomas Yates of the same colour and stuff of the Garter produced being asked when he was examined before whether he had then both his Garters or only one on replies he had none on at that time but the second time he was examined before Mr. Corneille and asked about his Garters he shewed Mr. Corneille one he had in his Pocket which he had just before taken out of his Chest, and further says he seldom wears Garters on account of his Breeches Knees being very tight, being further asked where that Garter is that he shewed to Mr. Corneille replies that he had left it tied round his Blanket on Thursday last at Banks's Guard coming home for the Officers of that Guards Dinner fell down and hurt his leg which prevented him from returning to his Guard when that Guard was relieved the Drummer of it brought him his Blanket but on enquiring for his Garter was told by Purdy the Drummer who was sent to relieve him that the Garter was lost and he has not heard of it since. | Sukey said Branston had marked his stockings to tell them apart from Yates's, since she washed for both men. All his clothes carried a private mark like the one on the stocking. Branston came back with two pairs of stockings. Both were marked TY, and one pair also bore a private mark. Sukey was shown both pairs and asked whether she had washed them for Branston. She said she had washed the pair with the private mark, which she said Branston had made. She did not think she had ever had the other pair. Yates was called back and asked whether he had given Branston the stockings now produced. He said he believed they were the ones he had given him some time before. Branston was asked what he knew of the garter found tied round the crowbar in the stores, which was now shown to him. He said he could not be sure whether it had been his. He did have a pair, given him by Yates, of the same colour and material. He was asked whether he had been wearing both garters, or only one, when he was examined earlier. He said he had none on at the time. When Corneille examined him a second time and asked about his garters, he showed one he had in his pocket, which he had just taken out of his chest. He added that he seldom wore garters because his breeches were very tight at the knee. Asked where that garter was now, he said he had left it tied round his blanket at Banks's guard on Thursday. He had come over to fetch dinner for the officers of that guard, fell and hurt his leg, and so could not return to his post. When that guard was relieved, its drummer brought him his blanket. When he asked about his garter, Fludy, the drummer sent to relieve him, told him it had been lost. He had heard nothing of it since. Interpretations Branston's own exhibits worked against him. He had twice denied putting any private mark on Yates's stockings. He then fetched a pair that bore one, and Sukey identified it as his work and as the pair she had washed for him. The second pair, which she had never seen, perhaps came from a cache he had not used for washing. His account of the garters shifted in the same way. He had worn none, then produced one from his chest, then lost that one at Banks's guard through a fall and another drummer's carelessness. Each new answer filled a gap the last had left. To the Council, the drift of his story would have looked like a man covering for the garter missing from the crowbar. | |
116 | 27th March Mr. William Roberts being duly sworn and asked whether he was present when Branston was Examined before Mr. Corneille answered he was and being farther asked what then passed relative to the Stocking and Garter replies that Branston did not deny but that the Stocking and Garter might be his and immediately unbuttoning his Breeches Knees shewed one Garter which appeared to him to be the fellow of that tied round the Stocking found in the Store Yard, his other Stocking was tied with a String instead of a Garter and says that it was the first time he Branston was before Mr. Corneille that he shewed the Garter on his Legg. We then sent for Branston and remarked to him the contradiction in his account of the Garter and what Mr. Roberts had just declared relative to that affair. Upon which we Ordered the Constable and Town Adjutant to go and search Branstons Chest to see if they could find Money or any thing else that might lead to a discovery of this Robbery which they accordingly did and returning acquainted Us they had searched his Chest but found no money therein. We having taken the above Evidences into consideration are of opinion that the Stocking and Garter found in the Store Yard did certainly belong to the said Branston that his denying his having any private Mark on his Stockings when plainly proved by his Washer Woman that not only the Stockings given him by Thomas Yates had that private Mark but also all his other Linnen is a circumstance which makes against him, and further his denying that he had any Garters on when he was examined before by a Justice of Peace when the contrary plainly appears by the Testimony of Mr. Roberts Adjutant that he had a Garter on one of his Legs and the other only tied with a piece of String, these manifest contradictions in what he had asserted amounts in our opinion to a violent suspicion that he has been concerned in the Robbery | William Roberts, the town adjutant, gave evidence on oath. He had been present when Corneille examined Branston. Asked what had been said about the stocking and garter, he replied that Branston did not deny that they might be his. Branston at once unbuttoned the knees of his breeches and showed one garter, which looked to Roberts like the partner of the one tied round the stocking found in the store yard. His other stocking was held up with a piece of string instead of a garter. Roberts said Branston showed the garter on his leg at his first appearance before Corneille. The Council sent for Branston and put to him the contradiction between his account of the garter and what Roberts had just stated. The Council then ordered the constable and the town adjutant to search Branston's chest for money or anything else that might help uncover the robbery. They did so, and reported that they had found no money in it. The Council weighed all the evidence. It concluded that the stocking and garter found in the store yard certainly belonged to Branston. He had denied putting any private mark on his stockings. His washerwoman had shown plainly that not only the stockings from Yates but all his other linen carried that mark, and this told against him. He had also denied wearing any garters when a justice of the peace examined him. Roberts's evidence showed the opposite: he had a garter on one leg and the other tied only with string. In the Council's view, these clear contradictions amounted to a violent suspicion that he had taken part in the robbery. Interpretations Violent suspicion was a recognised legal phrase for a presumption so strong that it called for the suspect to be held and pressed further, though it fell short of proof. The Council chose its words with care. The search of Branston's chest had turned up no money, so there was nothing to show he had shared in the haul. The case rested on circumstance and on his own contradictions. Roberts's evidence completed the chain. At his first examination Branston wore one garter matching the piece on the crowbar, and the other stocking was held up with string. The missing garter was most naturally the one wrapped round the bar. His later stories, that he wore no garters and that the one in his pocket had since been lost at Banks's guard, read as attempts to explain away a gap he knew existed. | |
117 | 1771 Robbery of the Stores, but as a suspicion only without Evidence is not matter sufficient to bring him to a Tryal, we think it most expedient to commit him to Goal for further examination, only in hopes that some circumstances may transpire to enable us to find out the perpetrators of this Atrocious Robbery. John Skottowe Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 1st day of April 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 27th March 1771 Thursday the 28th March died William Jarvis Inhabitant Friday the 29 do. Arrived the Kents Boat at Banks's at half an Hour past three OClock in the Afternoon do. do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Kent from China Saturday the 30 do. Arrived the Admiral Pococks Boat at Banks's at half an hour past four OClock in the Afternoon do. do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Admiral Pocock from Bombay (last from the Cape) | Even so, suspicion without evidence was not enough to bring Branston to trial. The Council judged it best to commit him to gaol for further examination, in the hope that something would come to light to identify those responsible for the robbery. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Purling. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 1 April 1771. The Governor presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 27 March 1771. William Jarvis, an inhabitant, had died on Thursday 28 March 1771. On Friday 29 March a boat from the Kent landed at Banks's at half past three in the afternoon, and the Company's ship Kent arrived from China. On Saturday 30 March a boat from the Admiral Pocock landed at Banks's at half past four in the afternoon. The Company's ship Admiral Pocock then arrived from Bombay by way of the Cape. Interpretations Having concluded that Branston was under violent suspicion, the Council might have sent him straight to trial before the island's court. It held back for a stated reason. Suspicion alone, unsupported by direct evidence, would not satisfy a court, and an acquittal would have freed him for good. Committing him to gaol for further examination kept him in custody and under pressure, with the case still open. The search of his chest had found no money, and none of the stolen coin had been traced. The Council's hope was that a confederate, an informer tempted by the £40 0s 0d reward, or the reappearance of the coin would supply the proof it lacked. Meanwhile Corporal Holloway was still placed with Robinson to draw him out. Detention without trial was the Council's way of keeping every line of inquiry alive. | |
118 | 1st April The Ships Lord Camden, Kent and Admiral Pocock brought us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship Lord Camden 24 Chests Sugar Candy weighing as under No. 1 Tare 25 Gross 293 2 29 292 3 27 293 4 28 294 5 30 292 6 25 290 7 27 291 8 27 289 9 26 289 10 27 274 290 2914 11 27 290 12 27 290 13 26 290 14 26 290 15 27 291 16 27 291 17 26 290 18 27 290 19 26 288 20 27 266 291 2900 21 29 292 22 29 295 23 33 293 24 23 114 293 1173 Tare 654 Gross 6987 654 Nett 6334 Peculs 47 49 at 4 500 Tales 213 7 5 Errors Excepted (signed) Canton 11 Decr. 1770 Thos. Bevan John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw Benj. Lenn Alexr. Hume Fra. Wood Junr. Edwd. Phipps | The Lord Camden, the Kent and the Admiral Pocock had brought supplies for the island. The invoice of the Lord Camden listed 24 chests of sugar candy, weighed as follows. Chest 1, tare 28 lb, gross 293 lb Chest 2, tare 29 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 3, tare 27 lb, gross 293 lb Chest 4, tare 28 lb, gross 294 lb Chest 5, tare 30 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 6, tare 25 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 7, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 8, tare 27 lb, gross 289 lb Chest 9, tare 26 lb, gross 289 lb Chest 10, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Subtotal for chests 1 to 10, tare 274 lb, gross 2,914 lb Chest 11, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 12, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 13, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 14, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 15, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 16, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 17, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 18, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 19, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Chest 20, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Subtotal for chests 11 to 20, tare 266 lb, gross 2,900 lb Chest 21, tare 29 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 22, tare 29 lb, gross 295 lb Chest 23, tare 33 lb, gross 293 lb Chest 24, tare 23 lb, gross 293 lb Subtotal for chests 21 to 24, tare 114 lb, gross 1,173 lb Total tare, 654 lb Total gross weight, 6,987 lb Total net weight, 6,334 lb Sugar candy, 47.49 piculs at 4.5 taels a picul, 213 taels 7 mace 0 candareens 5 cash The invoice was dated at Canton on 11 December 1770. It was signed, with the usual reservation for errors, by Thomas Bevan, John Bradley Blake, James Bradshaw, Benjamin Torin, Alexander Hume, Francis Wood junior and Edward Phipps. Interpretations The signatories were the Company's supercargoes at Canton, the council of merchants who bought the season's tea and other China goods and loaded the homeward ships. Each chest was weighed gross and its tare, the weight of the empty chest, recorded separately, so that the net sugar could be checked on landing against the 25 February 1771 standard of the storekeeper's account of short receipts. The picul was the Chinese merchant's weight of about 133⅓ lb, and the tael was a weight of silver used as money of account at Canton. It divided into 10 mace, each of 10 candareens, each of 10 cash. Over 6,300 lb of sugar candy was far more than the island needed for its table and hospital. In the last quarter of 1770 the Company's servants had bought 1,976 lb, and the hospital and table together used several hundred pounds more. The consignment was enough for about a year's sales. Ordering it from Canton, where it was made in quantity and cheaply, rather than from England, gave the stores a commodity they could sell to the garrison at a good margin. | |
119 | 1771 Invoice of Ship Kent Twelve Boxes of China Ware containing vizt. No. 1 to 5 23 Table Sets of 37 Pieces Blue & White @ 3 900 Tales 97 500 10 Tureens Dishes & Covers in No. 1 and 2 1 10 and 8 Chamb. Pots 1 Size @ Tales 300 2 400 6 22 do. do. do. 300 6 600 4 Tea Pots 100 400 7 30 Wash hand Basons 21 Guglets to do. 300 9 8 12 Sallad Dishes 1 size 100 1 200 25 Baking do. 1 do. 160 4 25 do. do. 2 do. 160 4 9 Guglets to Basons 8 Tea Pots 100 800 8 Pint Sneakers 30 240 9 25 Sallad Dishes 1 size 100 2 500 63 do. do. 2 do. 100 6 300 120 half Pt. Cups & Saucers 75 9 10 192 Pt. Sneakers 30 5 760 11 20 Bowls 1 size 150 3 16 do. 6 do. 120 1 920 38 do. 7 do. 90 3 420 26 do. 8 do. 70 1 820 12 40 half Pt. Basons & Saucers 75 3 210 100 Breakf. Cups & do. 32 3 200 182 060 Deduct 2 pr. Cent Breakage 3 641 178 4 1 9 Four Boxes Superfine Sugar Candy No. 1 Tare 28 Gross 284 2 26 283 3 27 284 4 23 251 Tare 104 Gross 1102 104 Nett 1078 Peculs 7 67 @ 9 500 72 8 6 5 Tales 251 2 8 4 Errors Excepted (signed) Canton 11 Decr. 1770 Matt. Raper Junr. Jno. Bradby Blake John Bradshaw Edward Phipps Thos. Bevan Willm. Harrison Alexr. Hume Fra. Wood Junr. Benj. Lenn | The invoice of the Kent listed twelve boxes of porcelain and four boxes of sugar candy, valued in Chinese silver. Boxes 1 to 5: blue and white dinner services of 37 pieces each, 25 sets, at 3 taels 9 mace a set, 97 taels 5 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Boxes 1 to 5: tureens with dishes and covers, packed in boxes 1 and 2, 10, [...] Boxes 1 to 5: chamber pots of the first sort, 8, at 3 mace each, 2 taels 4 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 6: chamber pots of the first sort, 22, at 3 mace each, 6 taels 6 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 6: teapots, 4, at 1 mace each, 0 taels 4 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 7: washbasins, 30, with 21 guglets to match, at 3 mace each, 9 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 8: salad dishes, 12, at 1 mace each, 1 tael 2 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 8: 7-inch baking dishes, 25, at 1 mace 6 candareens each, 4 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 8: 8-inch baking dishes, 25, at 1 mace 6 candareens each, 4 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 8: guglets to match the basins, 9, no separate charge Box 8: teapots, 8, at 1 mace each, 0 taels 8 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 8: pint sneakers, 8, at 3 candareens each, 0 taels 2 mace 4 candareens 0 cash Box 9: 7-inch salad dishes, 25, at 1 mace each, 2 taels 5 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 9: 8-inch salad dishes, 63, at 1 mace each, 6 taels 3 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 9: half-pint cups and saucers, 120, at 7 candareens 5 cash each, 9 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 10: pint sneakers, 192, at 3 candareens each, 5 taels 7 mace 6 candareens 0 cash Box 11: 5-inch bowls, 20, at 1 mace 5 candareens each, 3 taels 0 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Box 11: 6-inch bowls, 16, at 1 mace 2 candareens each, 1 tael 9 mace 2 candareens 0 cash Box 11: 7-inch bowls, 38, at 9 candareens each, 3 taels 4 mace 2 candareens 0 cash Box 11: 8-inch bowls, 26, at 7 candareens each, 1 tael 8 mace 2 candareens 0 cash Box 12: half-pint basins and saucers, 42, at 7 candareens 5 cash each, 3 taels 1 mace 5 candareens 0 cash Box 12: breakfast cups and saucers, 100, at 3 candareens 2 cash each, 3 taels 2 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Total for porcelain, 182 taels 0 mace 6 candareens 0 cash Less 2 per cent for breakage, 3 taels 6 mace 4 candareens 1 cash Net total for porcelain, 178 taels 4 mace 1 candareen 9 cash Superfine sugar candy, box 1, tare 28 lb, gross 284 lb Superfine sugar candy, box 2, tare 26 lb, gross 283 lb Superfine sugar candy, box 3, tare 27 lb, gross 284 lb Superfine sugar candy, box 4, tare 28 lb, gross 281 lb Total tare, 109 lb Total gross weight, 1,132 lb Total net weight, 1,023 lb Superfine sugar candy, 7.67 piculs at 9 taels 5 mace a picul, 72 taels 8 mace 6 candareens 5 cash Total, 251 taels 2 mace 8 candareens 4 cash The invoice was dated at Canton on 11 December 1770. It was signed, with the usual reservation for errors, by Matthew Raper junior, John Bradley Blake, James Bradshaw, Edward Phipps, Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, Alexander Hume, Francis Wood junior and Benjamin Torin. Interpretations The porcelain was export ware made at Jingdezhen and finished for the European market at Canton. It came in the octagonal and blue-and-white patterns that filled the island's stores and sold to its households. A dinner service of 37 pieces cost under 4 taels, about £1 6s 0d, a price far below anything English potteries could match in 1770. That gap explains why the Company's servants could set their tables with china. The supercargoes deducted 2 per cent from the price to allow for breakage. The customary allowance acknowledged that some of every consignment would arrive cracked, and that loss was built into the cost instead of being disputed on arrival. The superfine sugar candy cost more than twice the ordinary grade on the Lord Camden, at 9½ taels a picul against 4½. The island's stores thus carried two qualities, perhaps the finer for the Company's table and the officers' households, and the ordinary grade for general sale and the hospital. | |
120 | 1st April Invoice of Ship Admiral Pocock Rice Batan Fine 45 Bags is 300 Surat Maunds @ 28 Rupees pr. 18 Surat Maunds 466 2 65 Batty 32 Bags (ea) Parah is Mds. 3 2 @ 20 Rupees pr. Mor. 61 2 40 Charges on Merchandize vizt. Gunny Bags &c.a 55 3 Lascarage 3 2 80 Hamallage 2 2 90 Boat hire 2 2 64 2 30 Rupees 592 3 35 Errors Excepted We this day received the following Letter from Capt. Tippet vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of the Island St. Helena Gentlemen I have the Honor to acquaint you that the Workmen was employed last Quarter principally at the Barracks which I have the pleasure to acquaint you will be compleat in eight or ten days, all but the Glass for the Windows, which we are in great want of, and making Brick. I intend with your permission the ensuing Quarter employing the Workmen in Building Barracks for the Officers and repairing Pattings half Moon Battery, the Merlons of which are in a bad situation owing to a bad composition that Capt. Mitchell have put into the Mortar, same time I intend making the Embrasures larger which is greatly to small. We have three or | The invoice of the Admiral Pocock listed her supplies from Bombay, valued in Bombay rupees. Fine rice, 45 bags weighing 300 Surat maunds, at 28 rupees for 18 Surat maunds, 466 rupees 2 quarters 65 reas Batty, 32 bags at 5 paras each, making 3 morahs 2 paras, at 20 rupees a morah, 61 rupees 2 quarters 40 reas Gunny bags and other packing, 55 rupees 3 quarters 0 reas [...], 3 rupees 2 quarters 40 reas Porterage, 2 rupees 2 quarters 90 reas Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Total for charges on the merchandise, 64 rupees 2 quarters 30 reas Total, 592 rupees 3 quarters 35 reas The Council received a letter from Captain Tippet. He reported that the workmen had spent most of the last quarter on the barracks. These would be finished in eight or ten days, apart from the window glass, which was badly needed. The men had also been making bricks. With the Council's permission, he meant to use the workmen in the coming quarter to build barracks for the officers. He also meant to repair the [...] Half Moon Battery. Its merlons were in poor condition because of a bad mixture of mortar that Captain Mitchell had used in them. At the same time he intended to widen the embrasures, which were much too small. Interpretations The rice on the Admiral Pocock cost 28 rupees for 18 Surat maunds, against 22 rupees on the Greenwich invoice from the same port only weeks earlier. That was a rise of more than a quarter. The invoices do not say why, but the higher price reached St Helena at the moment the island most depended on imported rice to feed its slaves through the drought. Merlons were the solid sections of a parapet between the gun openings, and embrasures were the openings themselves. Tippet's complaint about Captain Mitchell's mortar was a professional judgment on a predecessor's work. A poor mix of lime and sand left the merlons crumbling, and a merlon that shattered under fire sprayed the gunners with stone. Embrasures cut too narrow restricted how far a gun could be swung to follow a moving ship. Widening them gave the battery a broader field of fire over the approach. The window glass Tippet needed had to come from England, so the finished barracks would wait on the next supply ship before they could be used. | |
121 | 1771 four Valleys to the Westward which I think will be very proper to Wall up in case of a War. I have the Honor to be Gentlemen Your most Obedt. Hble. Servant (signed) 1 April 1771 James Tippet We thereupon gave the Engineer Orders to set about the Repair of the Merlons of Purlings Battery with all possible expedition and to view the Leeward Valleys and report the same to Us when we shall give him Orders accordingly and to stop the prosecution of the Officers Barracks until those Works are compleat. Pursuant to the Order in Consultation of the 25 of last Month, the Inhabitants this day assembled at the Chappell in this Valley to chuse Parish Officers for the ensuing Year and likewise to return three of the principal Inhabitants that one might be elected to serve the Office of Sheriff and to choose a proper Person to serve in that of Constable. They accordingly returned the following Persons vizt. Messrs. Jonathan Doveton Benjamin Mason Isaac Doveton Sheriffs Julio Fabiano Constable Matthew Bazett Orlando Bagley Richd. Beale Willm. Wrangham Church Wardens Willm. Hayes John Desfountain Overseers of the East Division Gabriel Harper Gabriel Isaac do. of the West do. Willm. Seale Junr. John Bagley Junr. do. of the South do. | Captain Tippet's letter ended by noting three or four valleys to the west of the island which, in his view, ought to be walled up in the event of war. He signed the letter on 1 April 1771. The Council ordered the engineer to repair the merlons of Purling's Battery as quickly as possible. He was also to inspect the valleys on the leeward side and report back, after which the Council would give him orders. Work on the officers' barracks was to stop until these defences were finished. The Council's order of 25 March 1771 had called a vestry meeting. The inhabitants met that day at the chapel in James's Valley to choose the parish officers for the coming year. They also had to put forward three leading inhabitants, one of whom would be chosen as Sheriff, and choose a constable. They returned the following names. Jonathan Doveton, nominated for Sheriff Benjamin Mason, nominated for Sheriff Isaac Doveton, nominated for Sheriff John Fabian, constable Matthew Bazett, churchwarden Orlando Bagley, churchwarden Richard Beale, churchwarden William Wrangham, churchwarden William Hayes, overseer of the East Division John Desfountain, overseer of the East Division Gabriel Harper, overseer of the West Division Gabriel Isaac, overseer of the West Division William Seale junior, overseer of the South Division John Bagley junior, overseer of the South Division Interpretations Tippet expected to start the officers' barracks once the men's barracks were finished, and to repair the battery alongside them. The Council reversed that order. It halted the officers' quarters altogether until the battery's merlons were sound and the western valleys had been surveyed for walling. Comfort gave way to defence. The change came a week after the King's ship Portland brought the Secret Committee's packet, addressed only to the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, on 24 March 1771. The record does not give the packet's contents. Even so, an order to prepare valleys for closing "in case of war" so soon after its arrival suggests the Council had reason to expect danger. The leeward valleys were the island's weak points. On the sheltered western coast, boats could land in calm water, and a wall across a valley mouth was the quickest way to deny an enemy that landing. The vestry's returns show the island's parish government resting on the same families who held its Company offices. Bazett, Wrangham, Beale and the Bagleys appeared again here as churchwardens and overseers. The island was divided into East, West and South Divisions, each with two overseers. They probably handled the upkeep of roads and the relief of the poor in their district, so local duties were spread among the planters who lived there. | |
122 | 1st April We appointed Mr. Jonathan Doveton to serve the Office of Sheriff and Ordered Warrants to be drawn for Messrs. Matthew Bazett and Orlando Bagley Church Wardens and William Hayes Gabriel Harper and William Seale Junr. Overseers. We this day Ordered Joseph Branston Drummer to be brought before Us and further questioning him and finding nothing against him than what appeared in the examination taken before the Governor and Mr. Purling which was not sufficient to commit him, we discharged him from Goal, and recommended to him to use his utmost endeavours to make what discoverys he could relative to the said Robbery. Mr. James Powell making application to Us requesting to have his Son Richard who is now twenty Years old, appointed a Cadet in this Garrison this Young Man was recommended some Years ago to be entertained in the Company's Service but was then thought too Young. We in consideration of Mr. Powells long service and from the good character of his Son have this day Entertained him as a Cadet & according to his future behaviour promote him with approbation of the Court of Directors. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Council appointed Jonathan Doveton as Sheriff. It ordered warrants to be drawn up for Matthew Bazett and Orlando Bagley as churchwardens, and for William Hayes, Gabriel Harper and William Seale junior as overseers. The Council had Joseph Branston, the drummer, brought before it the same day and questioned him again. It found nothing against him beyond what had come out in his examination before Governor Skottowe and Purling, and that was not enough to commit him for trial. The Council therefore released him from gaol. It urged him to do everything he could to uncover anything further about the robbery. James Powell asked the Council to appoint his son Richard, now 20 years old, as a cadet in the garrison. The young man had been recommended for the Company's service some years before but was then thought too young. The Council took into account Powell's long service and his son's good character, and accepted Richard as a cadet that day. It would promote him according to his future conduct, subject to the approval of the Court of Directors. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The vestry had nominated four churchwardens and six overseers, but the Council issued warrants to only two churchwardens and three overseers, one for each division. The inhabitants proposed and the Council selected, just as it chose Doveton as Sheriff from three nominees. The Council thus kept control of who held even parish office, while the vestry's nominations gave the choice the appearance of local consent. Branston's release followed the course the Council had marked out on 27 March 1771. It had held him only in the hope that further evidence would appear, and none had. Holding him longer without a charge would have amounted to punishment without trial. Asking him to help uncover the truth also left open the possibility that a man under suspicion might yet turn informer for the £40 0s 0d reward. Richard Powell's cadetship shows how the Company rewarded a long-serving official through his family. A cadet was a young gentleman attached to the garrison while he waited for a commission. The appointment put him on the path to becoming an officer, with the pay, diet money and house rent that went with that rank. Making his promotion depend on the Directors' approval kept the final say in London, while the island's Council secured the post for him in the meantime. | |
123 | 3d. April At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 3 day of April 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 1st April 1771 This day Arrived the Honble. Company's Ship Calcutta from England by which conveyance we received a Packet from the Honble. the Court of Directors containing two General Letters under dates of 23 November 1770 and 2 Jany. 1771 together with the other usual Papers. This day arrived the Houghtons Boat at Banks's at half an hour past eight OClock in the Morning do. do. the Honble. Company's Ship Houghton from Bengal and brought Us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship Houghton Rice Fine 60 Bags Wt. B. Md. 120 @ 8 pr. Maund 1036 12 9 Sugar 10 Bags F. Md. 20 @ 16 do. 320 Paddy 15 Bags 22 20 @ 2 9 do. 46 1 Wax Candles 4 Chests F. Md. 8 @ 75 do. 600 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers @ 140 pr. Leag. 302 6 6 Carried Over 2305 4 3 | The Council met at the Castle on Wednesday 3 April 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 1 April 1771. The Company's ship Calcutta arrived from England that day. She carried a packet from the Court of Directors containing two general letters, dated 23 November 1770 and 2 January 1771, along with the usual papers. A boat from the Houghton landed at Banks's at half past eight that morning. The Company's ship Houghton then arrived from China. She brought supplies for the island, valued in current rupees. Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 bazaar maunds, at 8 rupees a maund, 1,036 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 bazaar maunds, at 16 rupees a maund, 320 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Unhusked rice, 15 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, at 2 rupees 9 annas a maund, 46 rupees 1 anna 0 pice Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 bazaar maunds, at 75 rupees a maund, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at 140 rupees a leaguer, 302 rupees 6 annas 6 pice Carried over, 2,305 rupees 4 annas 3 pice Interpretations The general letters on the Calcutta bore the same dates as those the King's ship Portland had delivered on 24 March 1771. The Directors sent every important dispatch in duplicate, or even triplicate, by different ships. A letter lost to wreck or capture still reached the island by another route. The Portland happened to arrive ten days ahead of the Company's own ship, so the Council had already been acting on these instructions when the second copies came in. | |
124 | 3d. April Brought over 2305 4 3 Charges Merchandize 155 Gunny Bags @ 12 pr. Ct. 20 1 6 4 Mangoe Chests 2 ea. 8 10 3 16 Gunnys 16 pr. Ct. 1 9 10 Jute Rope 2 12 pr. Md. 11 1 Nails 7 3 6 Twine 9 6 3/4 Ps. Gurrahs 4 11 9 20 Reed Mats 1 11 9 Weighmen & Packermen 1 8 Dust 1 3 9 Peon 2 2 6 Boathire 4 5 3 Sloophire 135 182 11 6 Current Rupees 2487 15 9 Errors Excepted (signed) L. Darell Sub Accompt. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The invoice of the Houghton continued from 2,305 rupees 4 annas 3 pice brought over, with the charges on the merchandise. Brought over, 2,305 rupees 4 annas 3 pice Gunny bags, 155, at 12 rupees a hundred, 20 rupees 1 anna 6 pice Mango-wood chests, 4, at 2 rupees each, 8 rupees 10 annas 3 pice Gunnies, 16, at 11 rupees a hundred, 1 rupee 9 annas 0 pice Jute ropes, 10, at 2½ [...] a [...], 0 rupees 11 annas 0 pice Nails, 0 rupees 7 annas 3 pice Twine, 6 [...], 0 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Gurrah cloth, ¾ piece, 4 rupees 11 annas 9 pice Reed mats, 20, 1 rupee 11 annas 9 pice Weighmen and packers, 1 rupee 8 annas 0 pice Dustoory, 1 rupee 3 annas 9 pice Peons, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pice Boat hire, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pice Sloop hire, 135 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Total for charges on the merchandise, 182 rupees 11 annas 6 pice Total in current rupees, 2,487 rupees 15 annas 9 pice L. Darell signed the invoice as sub-accountant, reserving the right to correct any errors. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Hiring a sloop cost 135 rupees, almost three-quarters of all the charges on this invoice. On the Prince of Wales's similar consignment, boat hire had come to only 15 rupees 2 annas. The difference shows where the Houghton lay when the goods were loaded. Large Indiamen could not come up the shallow Hooghly to Calcutta, so they loaded at an anchorage far downstream. Stores bought in the city had to be carried there by sloop, a journey of several days. The chests were made of mango wood, the cheap timber of Bengal, and were sold with their contents. Gurrah was a coarse, heavy Bengal cotton cloth, probably used here to wrap the wax candles. Peons were the messengers and watchmen who escorted goods through the city and its customs posts. | |
125 | 8th April At a Consultation held on Monday the 8th day of April 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 3d. April 1771. Thursday the 4th Arrived the Lathams Boat at Banks's at ten OClock in the Morning do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Latham from China Friday the 5th Arrived the Honble. Company's Ship Duke of Richmond from England by which opportunity we received a Packet from the Honble. the Court of Directors Saturday the 6th Arrived the Princess Royals Boat at Banks's at a quarter after four OClock in the Afternoon Yesterday do. The Honble. Company's Ship Princess Royal from China This day Arrived the Hawks Boat at Banks's at half past eight OClock in the Morning do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Hawke from China The Ships Princess Royal, Latham & Hawke brought us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship Princess Royal Twenty Chests fine Sugar Candy containing as vizt. No. 65 Tare 27 Gross 291 6 26 290 7 30 293 8 28 293 9 28 292 70 26 291 Carr. over 165 Gross 1750 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 8 April 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 3 April 1771. Since the previous meeting, several more ships had reached the island. On Thursday 4 April a boat from the Latham landed at Banks's at ten in the morning, and the Company's ship Latham arrived from China. On Friday 5 April the Company's ship Duke of Richmond arrived from England with a packet from the Court of Directors. On Saturday 6 April a boat from the Princess Royal landed at Banks's at a quarter past four in the afternoon, and the Company's ship Princess Royal herself arrived from China on 7 April. On the morning of 8 April a boat from the Hawke landed at Banks's at half past eight, and the Company's ship Hawke arrived from China. The Princess Royal, the Latham and the Hawke brought supplies for the island. The invoice of the Princess Royal listed 20 chests of fine sugar candy, weighed as follows. Chest 5, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 6, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 7, tare 30 lb, gross 293 lb Chest 8, tare 28 lb, gross 293 lb Chest 9, tare 28 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 10, tare 26 lb, gross 291 lb Carried over, tare 165 lb, gross 1,750 lb | |
126 | 8th April Brought over Tare 165 Gross 1750 No. 1 Tare 27 291 2 25 291 3 27 290 4 26 291 5 27 292 6 25 291 7 27 292 8 27 291 9 27 291 80 28 266 291 2911 1 29 293 2 26 291 3 26 291 4 26 107 290 1165 Tare 538 Gross 5826 538 Nett Wt. 5288 Peculs 39 66 fine Sugar at T. M. 4 5 178 4 7 Errors Excepted (signed) Thomas Bevan Willm. Harrison Jno. Bradby Blake James Bradshaw Alexr. Hume Fran. Wood Junr. Benj. Lenn Edwd. Phipps Invoice of Ship Latham 20 Chests Sugar Candy containing vizt. 541 Gross 6172 Tare 541 Nett 5631 or Peculs 42 23 Sug. Candy @ net at 5 Tales Ts. 211 1 5 Errors Excepted (signed) Canton 7 Jany. 1771 Thos. Bevan Wm. Harrison Jno. Bradby Blake Jo. Bradshaw Alexr. Hume Francs. Wood Junr. Benj. Lenn Edwd. Phipps Invoice of Ship Hawke 20 Chest of Sugar Candy containing vizt. No. 1 Tare 26 Gross 307 2 27 294 3 27 313 4 25 305 6 27 290 7 26 301 8 26 310 9 30 303 10 27 294 Carr. over 269 3022 | The invoice of the Princess Royal continued from tare 165 lb and gross 1,750 lb brought over. Brought over, tare 165 lb, gross 1,750 lb Chest 1, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 2, tare 25 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 3, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 4, tare 26 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 5, tare 27 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 6, tare 25 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 7, tare 27 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 8, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 9, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 10, tare 28 lb, gross 291 lb Subtotal, tare 266 lb, gross 2,911 lb Chest 1, tare 29 lb, gross 293 lb Chest 2, tare 26 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 3, tare 26 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 4, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Subtotal, tare 107 lb, gross 1,165 lb Total tare, 538 lb Total gross weight, 5,826 lb Total net weight, 5,288 lb Fine sugar candy, 39.66 piculs at 4 taels 5 mace a picul, 178 taels 4 mace 7 candareens 0 cash Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, John Bradley Blake, James Bradshaw, Alexander Hume, Francis Wood junior, Benjamin Torin and Edward Phipps signed the invoice, reserving the right to correct any errors. The invoice of the Latham listed 20 chests of sugar candy. Sugar candy, 20 chests, gross weight 6,172 lb Total tare, 541 lb Total net weight, 5,631 lb Sugar candy, 42.23 piculs at 5 taels a picul, 211 taels 1 mace 5 candareens 0 cash The same eight supercargoes signed it at Canton on 3 January 1771, with the usual reservation for errors. The invoice of the Hawke listed 20 chests of sugar candy, weighed as follows. Chest 1, tare 26 lb, gross 307 lb Chest 2, tare 27 lb, gross 294 lb Chest 3, tare 27 lb, gross 313 lb Chest 4, tare 25 lb, gross 305 lb Chest 6, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 7, tare 26 lb, gross 301 lb Chest 8, tare 26 lb, gross 310 lb Chest 9, tare 30 lb, gross 303 lb Chest 10, tare 27 lb, gross 294 lb Carried over, tare 269 lb, gross 3,022 lb | |
127 | 1771 Brought over Tare 269 Gross 3022 No. 11 27 299 12 25 294 13 27 292 14 28 297 15 28 296 16 27 303 17 27 295 18 27 300 19 29 306 20 26 271 306 2988 Tare 540 Gross 6010 540 Nett Wt. 5470 Peculs 41 02 Sugar Candy @ Ts. 5 205 1 Errors Excepted (signed) Thos. Bevan Willm. Harrison John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw Alexr. Hume Francs. Wood Junr. Benj. Lenn Edwd. Phipps John Springthorpe Private and Samuel Smith Matross this day Petitioned for their discharges from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company their Contracted times. As we expected some information respecting our proceedings in a Judicial way against the Coiners of Rupees which we sent to England by the Ship Pensborn and not hearing any thing from the Company on that subject, and as the coining of Rupees not being English Money does not therefore in our opinion amount to a Capital Offence by the Civil Law we have agreed to bring the Offenders Willm. Kingscot & Thos. Hart to a General Court Martial on Thursday next. The Plantation Account for the Quarter and the Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of March last were this day laid before Us which were examined and approved of and are as follow vizt. | The invoice of the Hawke continued from tare 269 lb and gross 3,022 lb brought over. Brought over, tare 269 lb, gross 3,022 lb Chest 11, tare 27 lb, gross 299 lb Chest 12, tare 25 lb, gross 294 lb Chest 13, tare 27 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 14, tare 28 lb, gross 297 lb Chest 15, tare 28 lb, gross 296 lb Chest 16, tare 27 lb, gross 303 lb Chest 17, tare 27 lb, gross 295 lb Chest 18, tare 27 lb, gross 300 lb Chest 19, tare 29 lb, gross 306 lb Chest 20, tare 26 lb, gross 306 lb Subtotal for chests 11 to 20, tare 271 lb, gross 2,988 lb Total tare, 540 lb Total gross weight, 6,010 lb Total net weight, 5,470 lb Sugar candy of the second sort, 41.02 piculs at 5 taels a picul, 205 taels 1 mace 0 candareens 0 cash Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, John Bradley Blake, James Bradshaw, Alexander Hume, Francis Wood junior, Benjamin Torin and Edward Phipps signed the invoice, reserving the right to correct any errors. John Springthorpe, a private, and Samuel Smith, a matross, petitioned that day to be discharged from the garrison. Both had served the Company for the full terms of their contracts. The Council had been waiting for instructions about its legal proceedings against the men who had counterfeited rupees. It had sent an account of the case to England by the ship [...], but the Company had sent no reply on the subject. In the Council's view, rupees were not English money, so counterfeiting them could not count as a capital offence under the civil law. The Council therefore agreed to try the offenders, William Kingscot and Thomas Hart, before a general court martial the following Thursday. The plantation account for the quarter, the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for March 1771 came before the Council. The members examined and approved them, and the accounts followed in the record. Interpretations The usual course with coiners was to try them in the civil court. In England counterfeiting the King's coin was high treason, punishable by death. The Council had first held back and referred the case to London, and then decided against the civil court altogether. Its reason was stated plainly. The statutes protected English coin. The rupee was the money of the Mughal empire and the Company's Indian mints, and a civil jury might find no capital crime at all. An acquittal would have freed two men who had debased the island's currency. Kingscot and Hart were privates of the Second Company, so they were subject to military law, under which a court martial could punish them without deciding whether forging a foreign coin amounted to treason. With coin scarce on the island and rupees arriving in every ship from India, false coins passed easily from hand to hand. The Council needed a conviction it could be sure of, so it chose the forum where the soldiers' status, not the coin's origin, decided the case. | |
128 | Account of the Honble. Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c.a from the 1st January to the 31st March 1771 Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses, Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese Remaining 1st January: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 121, Neat Cattle Calves 63, Neat Cattle Yearlings 10, Neat Cattle Heifers 32, Neat Cattle Steers 52, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 322, Sheep Ewes 343, Sheep Weathers 54, Sheep Lambs 35, Sheep Rams 7, Sheep Total 438, Goats Ewes 118, Goats Weathers 10, Goats Kids 27, Goats Rams 8, Goats Total 163, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 10, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 16, Horses 7, Mares 7, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 114, Poultry Ducks 45, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 6 Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 3, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 3, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 0, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 37, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 37, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 21, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 21, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 36, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 121, Neat Cattle Calves 66, Neat Cattle Yearlings 10, Neat Cattle Heifers 32, Neat Cattle Steers 52, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 325, Sheep Ewes 343, Sheep Weathers 54, Sheep Lambs 35, Sheep Rams 7, Sheep Total 438, Goats Ewes 118, Goats Weathers 10, Goats Kids 64, Goats Rams 8, Goats Total 200, Hogs Sows 5, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 31, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 37, Horses 7, Mares 7, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 150, Poultry Ducks 45, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 6 Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 2, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 4, Neat Cattle Steers 5, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 11, Sheep Ewes 26, Sheep Weathers 30, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 56, Goats Ewes 12, Goats Weathers 3, Goats Kids 3, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 18, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 13, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 13, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 12, Poultry Ducks 18, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 2 Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 17, Neat Cattle Calves 34, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 1, Neat Cattle Oxen 4, Neat Cattle Total 56, Sheep Ewes 10, Sheep Weathers 5, Sheep Lambs 12, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 27, Goats Ewes 1, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 1, Hogs Sows 1, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 4, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 5, Horses 0, Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 24, Poultry Ducks 3, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Remaining 31st March: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 102, Neat Cattle Calves 32, Neat Cattle Yearlings 30, Neat Cattle Heifers 29, Neat Cattle Steers 46, Neat Cattle Oxen 12, Neat Cattle Total 258, Sheep Ewes 306, Sheep Weathers 19, Sheep Lambs 23, Sheep Rams 7, Sheep Total 355, Goats Ewes 105, Goats Weathers 7, Goats Kids 61, Goats Rams 8, Goats Total 181, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 14, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 19, Horses 7, Mares 7, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 114, Poultry Ducks 24, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 4 Changed the Species: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 104, Neat Cattle Calves 24, Neat Cattle Yearlings 25, Neat Cattle Heifers 34, Neat Cattle Steers 52, Neat Cattle Oxen 12, Neat Cattle Total 258, Sheep Ewes 311, Sheep Weathers 29, Sheep Lambs 5, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 355, Goats Ewes 116, Goats Weathers 25, Goats Kids 32, Goats Rams 8, Goats Total 181, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 11, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 19, Horses 7, Mares 7, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 114, Poultry Ducks 24, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 4 Slaves born 1 Girl named Sue Yam expended for the Slaves 3170 do. do. for the Stock 19400 Errors Excepted (signed) Danl. Corneille Margin Notes: 8th April | Daniel Corneille presented an account of the Company's livestock at the plantation from 1 January to 31 March 1771. A last column showed each class after the animals had been regraded by age at the end of the quarter. Bulls: 7 on 1 January, 0 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 31 March, 7 after regrading Cows: 121 on 1 January, 0 born, 121 in all, 2 killed, 17 died, 102 on 31 March, 104 after regrading Calves: 63 on 1 January, 3 born, 66 in all, 0 killed, 34 died, 32 on 31 March, 24 after regrading Yearlings: 30 on 1 January, 0 born, 30 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 30 on 31 March, 25 after regrading Heifers: 32 on 1 January, 0 born, 32 in all, 4 killed, 0 died, 29 on 31 March, 34 after regrading Steers: 52 on 1 January, 0 born, 52 in all, 5 killed, 1 died, 46 on 31 March, 52 after regrading Oxen: 16 on 1 January, 0 born, 16 in all, 0 killed, 4 died, 12 on 31 March, 12 after regrading Total cattle: 322 on 1 January, 3 born, 325 in all, 11 killed, 56 died, 258 on 31 March, 258 after regrading Ewes: 343 on 1 January, 0 born, 343 in all, 26 killed, 10 died, 306 on 31 March, 311 after regrading Wethers: 54 on 1 January, 0 born, 54 in all, 30 killed, 5 died, 19 on 31 March, 29 after regrading Lambs: 35 on 1 January, 0 born, 35 in all, 0 killed, 12 died, 23 on 31 March, 5 after regrading Rams: 7 on 1 January, 0 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 31 March, 10 after regrading Total sheep: 438 on 1 January, 0 born, 438 in all, 56 killed, 27 died, 355 on 31 March, 355 after regrading Nanny goats: 118 on 1 January, 0 born, 118 in all, 12 killed, 1 died, 105 on 31 March, 116 after regrading Wether goats: 10 on 1 January, 0 born, 10 in all, 3 killed, 0 died, 7 on 31 March, 25 after regrading Kids: 27 on 1 January, 37 born, 64 in all, 3 killed, 0 died, 61 on 31 March, 32 after regrading Billy goats: 8 on 1 January, 0 born, 8 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 8 on 31 March, 8 after regrading Total goats: 163 on 1 January, 37 born, 200 in all, 18 killed, 1 died, 181 on 31 March, 181 after regrading Sows: 5 on 1 January, 0 born, 5 in all, 0 killed, 1 died, 4 on 31 March, 4 after regrading Shoats: 0 on 1 January, 0 born, 0 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 0 on 31 March, 3 after regrading Pigs: 10 on 1 January, 21 born, 31 in all, 13 killed, 4 died, 14 on 31 March, 11 after regrading Boars: 1 on 1 January, 0 born, 1 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 1 on 31 March, 1 after regrading Total swine: 16 on 1 January, 21 born, 37 in all, 13 killed, 5 died, 19 on 31 March, 19 after regrading Horses: 7 on 1 January, 0 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 31 March, 7 after regrading Mares: 7 on 1 January, 0 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 31 March, 7 after regrading Total horses: 14 on 1 January, 0 born, 14 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 14 on 31 March, 14 after regrading Fowls: 114 on 1 January, 36 hatched, 150 in all, 12 killed, 24 died, 114 on 31 March, 114 after regrading Ducks: 45 on 1 January, 0 hatched, 45 in all, 18 killed, 3 died, 24 on 31 March, 24 after regrading Turkeys: 7 on 1 January, 0 hatched, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 31 March, 7 after regrading Geese: 6 on 1 January, 0 hatched, 6 in all, 2 killed, 0 died, 4 on 31 March, 4 after regrading Slaves born: 1 girl, named Sue Yams issued for the slaves, 3,170 lb Yams issued for the livestock, 19,400 lb Corneille signed the account, reserving the right to correct any errors. Interpretations The drought's toll on the Company's herd worsened in the first quarter of 1771. Cattle fell from 322 to 258. Of the losses, 56 died and only 11 were killed for meat. Calves bore the worst of it again, with 34 dead against just 3 born, so the breeding stock the Council had tried to protect on 31 December 1770 was being lost anyway. Over six months the herd had shrunk from 370 to 258 head, almost a third. That was why the Council offered the Prince of Wales seven head on 4 February 1771 and the Duke of Cumberland only three on 4 March. The sheep fell from 438 to 355. Most of the loss came from killing, especially wethers for the ships and the table. Only the goats, browsing on scrub, actually increased. The yams issued to the slaves collapsed from 54,950 lb in the last quarter of 1770 to 3,170 lb. This points to a failure of the plantation's own yam crop in the dry season. The slaves' ration must have shifted almost entirely to imported rice. That explains the importance of the Bengal and Bombay rice brought by the Prince of Wales, the Greenwich, the Admiral Pocock and the Houghton in these months. The livestock's yam allowance rose instead, as the plantation fed what it had to animals with no grass left. The regrading column moved animals between classes as they aged. Calves became yearlings, yearlings became heifers or steers, and lambs and kids grew into adults. Each class's numbers were brought up to date, though the total for each kind stayed the same. | |
129 | 1771 Artillery Stores expended in March 1771 Guns fired, 18 lbs, 6 lbs, 4 lbs, 1 lbs, Powder Expended lb., Powder Expended oz 2 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Duke of Cumberland: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 8 An Alarm at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 12, Powder Expended oz 0 do. at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Earl of Middlesex: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Greenwich: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Departed the Prince of Wales: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 17 Departed the Earl of Middlesex: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 18 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 The Alarm doubled: Guns fired 3, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 2, 1 lbs 1, Powder Expended lb. 6, Powder Expended oz 8 Arrived a Swede Ship: Guns fired 16, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 16, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 26, Powder Expended oz 8 19 Departed the Greenwich: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 do. the Duke of Cumberland: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 20 Arrived a Swede Ship: Guns fired 8, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 8, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 12, Powder Expended oz 0 21 Departed a Swede Ship: Guns fired 16, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 16, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 27, Powder Expended oz 0 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 22 Arrived a Dane Ship: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 Departed a Swede Ship: Guns fired 8, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 8, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 12, Powder Expended oz 0 23 An Alarm at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 do. at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 lbs 2, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 12, Powder Expended oz 0 do. Doubled at the Ridge House: Guns fired 1, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 1, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 2, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived a Dane Ship: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 24 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived his Majesty's Ship Portland: Guns fired 13, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 13, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 19, Powder Expended oz 8 Guns fired to Salute Capt. Ellioit coming on shore: Guns fired 13, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 13, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 19, Powder Expended oz 8 25 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Lord Camden: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 27 Departed two Dane Ships: Guns fired 22, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 22, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 33, Powder Expended oz 0 29 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 30 Arrived the Kent: Guns fired 9, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 9, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 8 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 4, 1 lbs 2, Powder Expended lb. 13, Powder Expended oz 0 Arrived the Admiral Pocock: Guns fired 11, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 11, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 16, Powder Expended oz 8 Powder expended on Ladder Hill: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 32, Powder Expended oz 0 Powder for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 18 lbs 0, 6 lbs 0, 4 lbs 0, 1 lbs 0, Powder Expended lb. 116, Powder Expended oz 13 Total: Guns fired 280, 18 lbs 4, 6 lbs 216, 4 lbs 47, 1 lbs 23, Powder Expended lb. 628, Powder Expended oz 6 | The artillery stores used in March 1771 were as follows. Alarm on 2 March: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 0 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of the Duke of Cumberland: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Alarm at Purling's Battery on 8 March: 2 18-pounders fired, 12 lb 0 oz of powder Alarm at Prosperous Bay the same day: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 0 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of the Earl of Middlesex: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Alarm: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 0 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of the Greenwich: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the departure of the Prince of Wales: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the departure of the Earl of Middlesex on 17 March: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Alarm on 18 March: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 0 oz of powder Alarm doubled: 3 guns fired, made up of 2 4-pounders and 1 1-pounder, 6 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of a Swedish ship: 16 6-pounders fired, 26 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the departure of the Greenwich on 19 March: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the departure of the Duke of Cumberland: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Alarm: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 0 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of a Swedish ship on 20 March: 8 6-pounders fired, 12 lb 0 oz of powder Salute on the departure of a Swedish ship on 21 March: 16 6-pounders fired, 27 lb 0 oz of powder Alarm: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 0 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of a Danish ship on 22 March: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the departure of a Swedish ship: 8 6-pounders fired, 12 lb 0 oz of powder Alarm at Prosperous Bay on 23 March: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 0 oz of powder Alarm at Purling's Battery the same day: 2 18-pounders fired, 12 lb 0 oz of powder Alarm doubled at the Ridge House: 1 4-pounder fired, 2 lb 0 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of a Danish ship: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Alarm on 24 March: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 0 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of the King's ship Portland: 13 6-pounders fired, 19 lb 8 oz of powder Salute for [...] on going ashore: 13 6-pounders fired, 19 lb 8 oz of powder Alarm on 25 March: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 0 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of the Lord Camden: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the departure of two Danish ships on 27 March: 22 6-pounders fired, 33 lb 0 oz of powder Alarm on 29 March: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 0 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of the Kent on 30 March: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Alarm: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 0 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of the Admiral Pocock: 11 6-pounders fired, 16 lb 8 oz of powder Powder used on Ladder Hill, 32 lb 0 oz Powder for various other services, 46 lb 13 oz Total: 28[...] guns fired, made up of 4 18-pounders, 216 6-pounders, 47 4-pounders and 23 1-pounders, 628 lb 6 oz of powder Interpretations March 1771 used more powder than any month since the royal salute of October 1770, almost all of it on ceremony and alarms rather than defence. Every arrival and departure in the crowded homeward season drew a salute. The number of guns followed a fixed protocol: 9 for a Company ship, 13 for a King's ship and her captain, and more for the larger foreign ships. Swedish and Danish commanders saluted the island's flag on arrival, and the garrison was bound to return the courtesy gun for gun. That explains why the 16-gun salutes for the Swedes cost more than any Company ship's. Each foreign call was thus paid for twice in powder, once in the honours and again in the alarms that announced the ship before anyone could tell whose she was. | |
130 | 8th April lb. oz Lead Ball to shoot Goats 2 12 Brimstone for Boats &c.a 12 Bees Wax for do. 1 Tallow for Boats &c.a 7 Sponge Staves for Bakers No. 2 Bitts 18 & 4 Sponge Heads 6 2 Paper 3 Quires Sheep Skins for Sponges No. 4 (signed) James Tippet Capt. of Artillery Sundrys Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in March 1771 94 Bottles Madeira £ 9 8 13 do. Port 19 6 5 do. Lisbon 7 6 2 do. Mountain 3 30 do. Beer 9 4½ 22½ G. Arrack 3 7 6 144 Beef 3 3 Turkeys 15 29 Fowls 2 3 6 6 Ducks 9 38½ Candy 19 3 488 Flour 4 1 4 2 Kids 10 5 Pigs 1 5 248 Mutton 5 3 4 £ 33 11 3½ John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The artillery stores used in March 1771 also included the following items. Lead ball for shooting goats, 2 lb 12 oz Brimstone for the boats and other uses, 12 lb 0 oz Beeswax for the boats and other uses, 1 lb 0 oz Tallow for the boats and other uses, 7 lb 0 oz Sponge staves for the bakers, 2 Bits, 18 lb 4 oz Sponge heads, 7 lb 2 oz Cartridge paper, 3 quires Sheepskins for sponges, 4 James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. The provisions used at the Company's table in March 1771 were as follows. Madeira, 94 bottles, £9 8s 0d Port, 13 bottles, £0 19s 6d Lisbon wine, 5 bottles, £0 7s 6d Mountain wine, 2 bottles, £0 3s 0d Beer, 50 bottles, £0 9s 4½d Arrack, 22½ gallons, £3 7s 6d Beef, 144 lb, £3 0s 0d Turkeys, 3, £0 15s 0d Fowls, 29, £2 3s 6d Ducks, 6, £0 9s 0d Sugar candy, 58½ lb, £1 9s 3d Flour, 488 lb, £4 1s 4d Kids, 2, £0 10s 0d Pigs, 5, £1 5s 0d Mutton, 248 lb, £5 3s 4d Total, £33 11s 3½d Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Madeira at the table nearly doubled, from 49 bottles in February to 94 in March 1771. Port, Lisbon and Mountain wine fell away almost entirely. March was the busiest month of the homeward season, with Company commanders, Swedish and Danish captains and the officers of the King's ship Portland all received at the Castle. Madeira was the wine of hospitality to visitors. The Governor's public table was where the Company did the island's diplomacy with every ship in the road. | |
131 | 15th April At a Consultation held on Monday the 15th day of April 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieu. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 8th April 1771 Monday the 8th Arrived the Valentines Boat at Banks's at half an hour past four OClock in the Afternoon do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Valentine from China do. do. do. The Duke of Kingstons Boat at Banks's at five OClock in the Afternoon Tuesday the 9th passed by four Ships supposed to be Dutch do. do. Arrived the Royal Captains Boat at Banks's at a quarter before four OClock in the Afternoon Wednesday the 10th do. The Honble. Company's Ship Royal Captain from China Thursday the 11th Died Ann Daughter of Joseph Chamberlain Carpenter This day Arrived the Duke of Glocesters Boat at Banks's at half an hour past seven OClock in the Morning do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Duke of Glocester from Ceylon last from the Cape The Duke of Kingston, Valentine, Royal Captain and Duke of Glocester brought Us the following Supplies vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 15 April 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 8 April 1771. More shipping had come in since the last meeting. On Monday 8 April a boat from the Valentine landed at Banks's at half past four in the afternoon, and the Company's ship Valentine arrived from China. A boat from the Duke of Kingston landed at Banks's at five o'clock the same afternoon. On Tuesday 9 April four ships, thought to be Dutch, passed the island. A boat from the Royal Captain landed at Banks's at a quarter to four that afternoon. The Company's ship Royal Captain arrived from China on Wednesday 10 April. Ann, the daughter of Joseph Chamberlain, a carpenter, died on Thursday 11 April 1771. On the morning of 15 April a boat from the Duke of Gloucester landed at Banks's at half past seven. The Company's ship Duke of Gloucester then arrived from China, having called last at the Cape. The Duke of Kingston, the Valentine, the Royal Captain and the Duke of Gloucester brought supplies for the island, which the record went on to list. | |
132 | 15th April Invoice of Ship Duke of Kingston Rice Fine 60 Bags Wt. B. Md. 120 @ 3 pr. Md. 388 12 Sugar 10 Bags F. Md. 20 @ 16 do. 320 Paddy 15 Bags 22 20 @ 2 9 do. 46 1 Wax Candles 4 Chests Wt. 8 F. Md. @ 75 do. 600 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagers @ 140 pr. L. 302 6 6 1657 4 3 Charges Merchandize 135 Gunny Bags @ 12 pr. Ct. 20 1 6 4 Mangoe Chests 2 ea. 8 10 3 16 Gunnys 16 pr. Ct. 1 9 10 Jute Rope 2 12 pr. Md. 11 1 Nails 7 3 6 Twine 9 6 3/4 Ps. Gurrah 4 11 9 40 Reed Matts 1 11 9 Weighmen & Packermen 1 11 Dust 2 Peon 2 5 3 Boathire 8 10 3 Sloophire 135 188 2 6 Current Rupees 1845 6 9 Errors Excepted (signed) L. Darell Sub Accompt. | The invoice of the Duke of Kingston listed her supplies from Bengal, valued in current rupees. Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 bazaar maunds, at 3 rupees a maund, 388 rupees 12 annas 0 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 factory maunds, at 16 rupees a maund, 320 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Unhusked rice, 15 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, at 2 rupees 9 annas a maund, 46 rupees 1 anna 0 pice Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 factory maunds, at 75 rupees a maund, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at 140 rupees a leaguer, 302 rupees 6 annas 6 pice Total for merchandise, 1,657 rupees 4 annas 3 pice Gunny bags, 155, at 12 rupees a hundred, 20 rupees 1 anna 6 pice Mango-wood chests, 4, at 2 rupees each, 3 rupees 10 annas 3 pice Gunnies, 16, at 16 rupees a hundred, 1 rupee 9 annas 0 pice Jute ropes, 10, at 2 rupees 12 annas a [...], 0 rupees 11 annas 0 pice Nails, 0 rupees 7 annas 3 pice Twine, 6 [...], 0 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Gurrah cloth, ¾ piece, 4 rupees 11 annas 9 pice Reed mats, 40, 1 rupee 11 annas 9 pice Weighmen and packers, 1 rupee 11 annas 0 pice Dustoory, 2 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Peons, 2 rupees 5 annas 3 pice Boat hire, 8 rupees 10 annas 3 pice Sloop hire, 135 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Total for charges on the merchandise, 188 rupees 2 annas 6 pice Total in current rupees, 1,845 rupees 6 annas 9 pice L. Darell signed the invoice as sub-accountant, reserving the right to correct any errors. | |
133 | 1771 Invoice of Ship Valentine Twenty Chests fine Sugar containing as vizt. No. 45 Tare 26 Gross 291 6 26 291 7 28 291 8 23 291 9 28 293 50 27 163 291 1748 1 25 291 2 28 291 3 26 290 4 27 292 5 25 290 6 30 294 7 27 292 8 26 289 9 27 291 60 26 267 290 2910 1 26 289 2 25 288 3 26 291 4 26 103 288 1156 Tare 533 Gross 5814 Tare 533 5281 Peculs 39 60 fine Sugar @ T. M. 4 5 Tales 178 2 Errors Excepted (signed) Canton 7 Jany. 1771 Thos. Bevan Willm. Harrison John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw Alexr. Hume Francs. Wood Junr. Benj. Lenn Edwd. Phipps | The invoice of the Valentine listed 20 chests of fine sugar, weighed as follows. Chest 45, tare 26 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 46, tare 26 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 47, tare 28 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 48, tare 28 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 49, tare 28 lb, gross 293 lb Chest 50, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Subtotal for chests 45 to 50, tare 163 lb, gross 1,748 lb Chest 51, tare 25 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 52, tare 28 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 53, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 54, tare 27 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 55, tare 25 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 56, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb Chest 57, tare 27 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 58, tare 26 lb, gross 289 lb Chest 59, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 60, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Subtotal for chests 51 to 60, tare 267 lb, gross 2,910 lb Chest 61, tare 26 lb, gross 289 lb Chest 62, tare 25 lb, gross 288 lb Chest 63, tare 26 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 64, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Subtotal for chests 61 to 64, tare 103 lb, gross 1,156 lb Total tare, 533 lb Total gross weight, 5,814 lb Total net weight, 5,281 lb Fine sugar, 39.60 piculs at 4 taels 5 mace a picul, 178 taels 2 mace 0 candareens 0 cash The invoice was dated at Canton on 3 January 1771. Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, John Bradley Blake, James Bradshaw, Alexander Hume, Francis Wood junior, Benjamin Torin and Edward Phipps signed it, reserving the right to correct any errors. | |
134 | 15th April Invoice of Ship Royal Captain Twenty Chests fine Sugar containing as vizt. No. 25 Tare 25 Gross 290 26 30 292 27 26 289 28 26 290 29 26 290 30 29 162 294 1745 31 25 291 32 27 291 33 27 291 34 27 291 35 26 290 36 25 292 37 26 288 38 27 291 39 26 290 40 27 263 290 2905 41 28 292 42 27 292 43 26 290 44 27 108 291 1165 Tare 533 Gross 5815 533 Nett Wt. 5282 Peculs 39 69 fine Sugar @ T. M. 4 5 Tales 178 2 4 5 Errors Excepted (signed) Canton 7 Jany. 1771 Thomas Bevan Willm. Harrison John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw Alexr. Hume Francs. Wood Junr. Benj. Lenn Edwd. Phipps | The invoice of the Royal Captain listed 20 chests of fine sugar, weighed as follows. Chest 25, tare 25 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 26, tare 30 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 27, tare 26 lb, gross 289 lb Chest 28, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 29, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 30, tare 29 lb, gross 294 lb Subtotal for chests 25 to 30, tare 162 lb, gross 1,745 lb Chest 31, tare 25 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 32, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 33, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 34, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 35, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 36, tare 25 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 37, tare 26 lb, gross 288 lb Chest 38, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Chest 39, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 40, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb Subtotal for chests 31 to 40, tare 263 lb, gross 2,905 lb Chest 41, tare 28 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 42, tare 27 lb, gross 292 lb Chest 43, tare 26 lb, gross 290 lb Chest 44, tare 27 lb, gross 291 lb Subtotal for chests 41 to 44, tare 108 lb, gross 1,165 lb Total tare, 533 lb Total gross weight, 5,815 lb Total net weight, 5,282 lb Fine sugar, 39.69 piculs at 4 taels 5 mace a picul, 178 taels 6 mace 0 candareens 5 cash The invoice was dated at Canton on 3 January 1771. Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, John Bradley Blake, James Bradshaw, Alexander Hume, Francis Wood junior, Benjamin Torin and Edward Phipps signed it, reserving the right to correct any errors. | |
135 | 1771 Invoice of Ship Duke of Glocester Nineteen Chests Sugar Candy containing as vizt. No. 41 Tare 25 Gross 321 2 28 308 3 28 296 4 28 315 5 27 305 6 25 306 7 30 295 8 28 306 9 25 301 50 29 273 292 3036 1 27 306 2 27 304 3 27 309 4 27 309 5 27 311 6 26 310 7 26 296 8 27 302 59 30 244 314 2751 Tare 517 Gross 5787 Tare 517 Nett Wt. 5270 Peculs 39 52 Sugar Candy 2d. sort @ Ts. 5 Tales 197 6 Errors Excepted (signed) Canton 9 Jany. 1771 Thos. Bevan Willm. Harrison John Bradby Blake James Bradshaw Alexr. Hume Fra. Wood Junr. Benj. Lenn Edwd. Phipps | The invoice of the Duke of Gloucester listed 19 chests of sugar candy, weighed as follows. Chest 41, tare 25 lb, gross 312 lb Chest 42, tare 28 lb, gross 308 lb Chest 43, tare 28 lb, gross 296 lb Chest 44, tare 28 lb, gross 315 lb Chest 45, tare 27 lb, gross 305 lb Chest 46, tare 25 lb, gross 306 lb Chest 47, tare 30 lb, gross 295 lb Chest 48, tare 28 lb, gross 306 lb Chest 49, tare 25 lb, gross 301 lb Chest 50, tare 29 lb, gross 292 lb Subtotal for chests 41 to 50, tare 273 lb, gross 3,036 lb Chest 51, tare 27 lb, gross 306 lb Chest 52, tare 27 lb, gross 304 lb Chest 53, tare 27 lb, gross 309 lb Chest 54, tare 27 lb, gross 309 lb Chest 55, tare 27 lb, gross 311 lb Chest 56, tare 26 lb, gross 300 lb Chest 57, tare 26 lb, gross 296 lb Chest 58, tare 27 lb, gross 302 lb Chest 59, tare 30 lb, gross 314 lb Subtotal for chests 51 to 59, tare 244 lb, gross 2,751 lb Total tare, 517 lb Total gross weight, 5,787 lb Total net weight, 5,270 lb Sugar candy of the second sort, 39.52 piculs at 5 taels a picul, 197 taels 6 mace 0 candareens 0 cash The invoice was dated at Canton on 9 January 1771. Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, John Bradley Blake, James Bradshaw, Alexander Hume, Francis Wood junior, Benjamin Torin and Edward Phipps signed it, reserving the right to correct any errors. Interpretations Every China ship that called this season carried 20 chests of sugar or sugar candy for the island, about 5,300 lb net apiece. The Lord Camden, Kent, Princess Royal, Latham, Hawke, Valentine, Royal Captain and Duke of Gloucester together landed well over 40,000 lb. Spreading the order across many ships was deliberate. Each Indiaman took a small share that did not crowd its tea cargo, and the loss of any single ship would cost the island only a fraction of its supply. The chests were numbered in one series across the fleet, which let the storekeeper check that each ship had delivered its allotted run. The total was far more than the stores sold in a year. It points to sugar being held as a reserve, and perhaps resold to the passing ships and the planters at the 25 per cent advance. | |
136 | 15th April The Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter commencing from 1st January and ending 31 March last which were examined and approved and are as follow vizt. Collection of Goods Sold and delivered out of the Honble. Company's Ware Houses from the 1st January to the 31st March 1771 Sugar & Candy vizt. 6541 Sugar 95 7 9 3296 Candy 75 10 8 170 18 5 Flour vizt. 7692 Flour 64 2 398 2 24 Baked 372 2 8 436 4 8 Rice & Paddy vizt. 160 3 10 Rice 91 6 3 30 2 Paddy 7 13 9 99 Salt 26⅞ Bushels 4 7 6 Pepper 24 lb. 13 6 Oil vizt. 19⅞ G. Train 3 10 9 49½ do. Linseed 10 19 ⅞ do. Oil Turpentine 4 1 9 Bottles Florence 1 6 3 16 1 Twine vizt. 67 Sk. Twine 2 1 10½ ¼ Cotton Wick 7½ 2 2 6 Carried Over £ 729 6 3 | The storekeeper presented his record of sales and the paymaster his accounts for the quarter from 1 January to 31 March 1771. The Council examined and approved them. The storekeeper's record listed the goods sold and delivered from the Company's warehouses in that quarter. Sugar, 6,541 lb, £95 7s 9d Sugar candy, 3,296 lb, £75 10s 8d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £170 18s 5d Flour, 7,692 lb, £64 2s 0d Baked bread, 398 cwt 2 qr 24 lb, £372 2s 8d Total for flour and bread, £436 4s 8d Rice, 166 cwt 3 qr 10 lb, £91 6s 3d Unhusked rice, 30 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, £7 13s 9d Total for rice and unhusked rice, £99 0s 0d Salt, 26½ bushels, £4 7s 6d Pepper, 24 lb, £0 13s 6d Train oil, 19⅞ gallons, £3 10s 9d Linseed oil, 49½ gallons, £10 19s 0d Oil of turpentine, ⅞ gallon, £0 4s 1d Florence oil, 9 bottles, £1 6s 3d Total for oil, £16 0s 1d Twine, 67 lb, £2 1s 10½d Cotton wick, ¼ lb, £0 0s 7½d Total for twine and wick, £2 2s 6d Carried over, £729 6s 8d Interpretations Sales of baked bread fell by a fifth from the previous quarter, from 499 cwt to 398 cwt. Rice rose from 123 cwt to 166 cwt. The shift matched the arrival of Bengal and Bombay rice in the early months of 1771, at a time when flour depended on ships from England. Rice was cheaper per pound than bread and now in good supply, so the island's households turned to it. Sugar candy sales rose by two-thirds while plain sugar fell by almost half. The China ships' consignments probably made candy the more readily available sweetener in the stores. | |
137 | 1771 Brought over £ 729 6 8 Candles 365 lb. 46 7 8 Starch 68 lb. 2 8 Chelloes 26 Ps. 12 8 1 Coffee 3 lb. 2 10 Canvas vizt. 52 Yds. English Canvas 3 15 10 2½ do. Osenbrigs 2 137½ do. Ticklenburgs 6 14 4 10 12 2 Thread vizt. 6½ Whited Brown 2 8 9 1 Coloured 3 5 12 Oz. Nuns No. 38 17 3 3 9 5 Tea vizt. 42 Single 3 3 46 Bohea 1 16 5 4 19 5 Leather 167½ lb. 12 9 Blankets 10 3 4 2 Flannel 15½ Yards 1 17 5 Coffee 13 lb. 10 11 Lead vizt. 268½ Sheet Lead 2 15 11 7 Shot 1 5 2 17 4 Shalloon vizt. 14 Yds. Scarlet Shalloon 1 17 11 20½ do. Coloured 2 1 3 18 Long Ells vizt. 21⅞ Yds. Blue 2 8 5¾ do. Scarlet 16 9 2 17 5 Oars 1 4 3 Cordage 247¼ lb. 4 7 8 Carried Over £ 843 3 10 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £729 6s 8d brought over. Brought over, £729 6s 8d Candles, 365 lb, £46 7s 8d Starch, 6 lb, £0 2s 8d Chelloes, 26 pieces, £12 8s 1d [...], £0 2s 10d English canvas, 52 yards, £3 15s 10d Osnaburg canvas, 2½ yards, £0 2s 0d Tecklenburg canvas, 137½ yards, £6 14s 4d Total for canvas, £10 12s 2d White and brown thread, 6½ lb, £2 8s 9d Coloured thread, 1 lb, £0 3s 5d Nuns' thread, number 38 grade, 12 oz, £0 17s 3d Total for thread, £3 9s 5d Singlo tea, [...], £3 3s 0d Bohea tea, [...], £1 16s 5d Total for tea, £4 19s 5d Sole leather, 167½ lb, £12 [...]s 9d Blankets, 10, £3 4s 2d Flannel, 15½ yards, £1 17s 5d Coffee, 13 lb, £0 10s 11d Sheet lead, 268½ lb, £2 15s 11d Small shot, 7 lb, £0 1s 5d Total for lead, £2 17s 4d Scarlet shalloon, 14 yards, £1 17s 11d Coloured shalloon, 20¼ yards, £2 0s 1d Total for shalloon, £3 18s 0d Blue long ells, 21⅓ yards, £2 0s 8d Scarlet long ells, 5¾ yards, £0 16s 9d Total for long ells, £2 17s 5d Oar, 1, £0 4s 3d Cordage, 247½ lb, £4 7s 3d Carried over, £843 3s 10d Interpretations Osnaburg was a coarse, unbleached linen named after Osnabrück in north-west Germany, where it was first woven. It was the standard cloth for sacks, working clothes and the dress of slaves throughout the Atlantic colonies. Nuns' thread was a fine white linen sewing thread, originally made in Flemish convents. The number 38 marked its fineness, and it sold dear by the ounce for shirt-making and fine needlework. The coffee sold this quarter was probably part of the bales ordered ashore from the Duke of Cumberland on 11 March 1771, after the stores had run out. | |
138 | 15th April Brought over £ 843 3 10 Buckram 16⅞ Yards 15 1 Pitch & Tar vizt. 42 Pitch 5 3 3⅞ Gall. Tar 3 1 24 Rozin 4 6 1 Turpentine 3 13 1 Arrack 165⅞ Gallons 41 6 10 Serge vizt. 22½ Yds. Blue Serge 6 5¾ do. Scarlet do. 1 13 3 2 Ps. Brown Fustain 4 4 4 ½ Blue Duffle 1 8 11 19 3 Hooks & Lines vizt. 150 No. 1 Hooks 8 5¼ 150 6 13 3 200 7 13 1½ 500 9 15 10 75 11 1 3¾ 100 12 1 7½ 25 13 3 200 14 2 ½ 25 15 2¼ 725 16 4 2¼ 171 2 Lines 2 14 11 132 3 2 9 6 3 Knot Tack 4 5 8 9 1 Nails vizt. 51½ 2 2 9 4 7¼ 3 6 ½ 96 4 3 6 12 6 7 6 28 10 14 7 Nails Carried over £ 7 3 5½ Carried Over £ 906 7 2 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £843 3s 10d brought over. Brought over, £843 3s 10d Buckram, 16¾ yards, £0 15s 1d Pitch, 42 lb, £0 5s 3d Tar, 3⅞ gallons, £0 3s 1d Rosin, 24 lb, £0 4s 6d Turpentine, 1 lb, £0 0s 3d Total for pitch, tar and rosin, £0 13s 1d Arrack, 165¾ gallons, £41 6s 10d Blue serge, 22½ yards, £6 0s 0d Scarlet serge, 5¾ yards, £1 13s 3d Brown fustian, 2 pieces, £4 4s 4d Blue duffle, ½ yard, £0 1s 8d Total for serge and other woollens, £11 19s 3d Fish hooks, number 1 size, 150, £0 8s 5¼d Fish hooks, number 6 size, 150, £0 13s 3d Fish hooks, number 7 size, 200, £0 13s 1½d Fish hooks, number 9 size, 500, £0 15s 10d Fish hooks, number 11 size, 75, £0 1s 3¾d Fish hooks, number 12 size, 100, £0 1s 7½d Fish hooks, number 13 size, 25, £0 0s 3d Fish hooks, number 14 size, 200, £0 2s 1½d Fish hooks, number 15 size, 25, £0 0s 2¼d Fish hooks, number 16 size, 725, £0 4s 2¼d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 171, £2 14s 11d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 137, £2 9s 6d Hamburg lines, 3, £0 4s 5d Total for hooks and lines, £8 9s 1d Twopenny nails, 51½ lb, £2 9s 4d Threepenny nails, 7½ lb, £0 6s 0½d Fourpenny nails, 96 lb, £3 6s 0d Sixpenny nails, 17 lb, £0 7s 6d Tenpenny nails, 28 lb, £0 14s 7d Nails carried over, £7 3s 5½d Carried over, £906 7s 2d Interpretations The quarter's sales of fishing tackle rose to more than 2,100 hooks and over 300 lines. They kept pace with the previous quarter's heavy demand. With the Company's cattle dying and the ships' beef rationed, fishing remained the one source of fresh food the drought could not touch. The arrack sold to the Company's servants, at 165¾ gallons, was the Society's arrack. It was this supply whose gauging the Council had examined on 18 March 1771. | |
139 | 1771 Brought over £ 906 7 2 Nails brought over £ 7 3 5½ 12 20 5 3 25 40 10 5 4¾ Glazing Brads 8 8½ 31 Flooring do. 17 5 9 5 3 Iron 11 lb. 2 6 China Ware vizt. 30 Octagon Soup Plates 16 ½ 3 Sallad Dishes 2 6 9 Sneakers 3 4½ 4 Baking Dishes 5 2 Guglets and Basons 4 5 2 Chamber Pots 4 9 1 Bowl 1 6 1 17 7 Cutlery Ware vizt. 7 Ivory Combs 9 4 13 Horn do. 3 ¾ 27 Buckling do. 9 10 Pr. Leath. Garters 6 10½ 5 Shoe Knives 1 10½ 2 Butchers do. 1 2¼ 1 11 4 Turners Ware vizt. 5 Paint Brushes 2 8½ 14 Shoe do. 11 8 2 Hair Brooms 5 1½ 1 Punch Ladle 7½ 2 Platters 2 8 8 Labourers Baskets 10 10 3 Baskets 7 6½ 1 Birch Broom 5 ½ 1 Scrubbing Brush 2 10½ 1 Mop 1 4½ 1 Butchers Tray 1 4¼ 2 7 6 Carried over £ 921 11 4 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £906 7s 2d brought over. Brought over, £906 7s 2d Nails brought over, £7 3s 5½d Twentypenny nails, 12 lb, £0 5s 3d Fortypenny nails, 25 lb, £0 10s 5d Glazing brads, 4¾ lb, £0 8s 8½d Flooring brads, 31 lb, £0 17s 5d Total for nails, £9 5s 3d Iron, 11 lb, £0 2s 6d Octagonal china soup plates, 30, £0 16s 0½d China salad dishes, 3, £0 2s 6d China sneakers, 9, £0 3s 4½d China baking dishes, 4, £0 5s 0d China guglets and basins, 2, £0 4s 5d China chamber pots, 2, £0 4s 9d China bowl, 1, £0 1s 6d Total for china, £1 17s 7d Ivory combs, 7, £0 9s 4d Horn combs, 13, £0 3s 0¾d Buckling combs, 27, £0 9s 0d Leather garters, 10 pairs, £0 6s 10½d Shoe knives, 5, £0 1s 10½d Butchers' knives, 2, £0 1s 3¾d Total for cutlery and combs, £1 11s 4d Paint brushes, 5, £0 2s 8½d Shoe brushes, 14, £0 11s 8d Hair brooms, 2, £0 5s 1½d Punch ladle, 1, £0 0s 7½d Platters, 2, £0 2s 8d Labourers' baskets, 8, £0 10s 10d Flaskets, 3, £0 7s 6½d Birch broom, 1, £0 0s 5½d Scrubbing brush, 1, £0 2s 10½d Mop, 1, £0 1s 4½d Butcher's tray, 1, £0 1s 4¾d Total for turned ware, £2 7s 6d Carried over, £921 11s 4d | |
140 | 15th April Brought over £ 921 11 4 Deals vizt. 8 Double deals 1 10 2 Single do. 4 4 1 14 4 Braziers Ware vizt. 1 Five Quart Tea Kettle 18 5 ¼ Rolled Brass for Escutcheons 7 4 1 5 9 Broad Cloth vizt. 7⅞ Yds. Scarlet 8 5 9⅞ do. Dark French Grey 9 16 1 3⅛ do. Buff 2 16 9 1½ do. Blue 1 9 9 7⅞ do. Black 6 18 2 1⅝ do. Light Colour 1 9 9 4⅞ do. Parsons Grey 4 9 2 35 1 Tin Ware vizt. 3 Watering Pots 9 11 7 Gall. Sauce Pans with Covers 17 4½ 1 Double Sheet Tin 9 3 Single do. do. 1 10½ 1 Dripping Pan 2 1 11 11 Long Cloth vizt. 9 Ps. S. 27 15 9 4 Ps. T. 6 8 8 2½ Ps. U. 3 5 7 1 Ps. L. 5 7 10 ½ Ps. No. 9 14 5 43 12 3 Beef and Pork vizt. 1505 Ps. Beef 150 10 4102 Ps. Pork 410 4 560 14 Corks ½ Gross 1 9 Carried Over £ 1565 10 5 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £921 11s 4d brought over. Brought over, £921 11s 4d Double deals, 8, £1 10s 0d Single deals, 2, £0 4s 4d Total for deals, £1 14s 4d Three-quart tea kettle, 1, £0 18s 5d Rolled brass for escutcheons, ¼ lb, £0 1s 4d Total for brass ware, £0 19s 9d Scarlet broadcloth, 7⅞ yards, £8 0s 5d Dark French grey broadcloth, 9⅞ yards, £9 16s 1d Buff broadcloth, 3⅛ yards, £2 16s 9d Blue broadcloth, 1½ yards, £1 9s 9d Black broadcloth, 7⅛ yards, £6 18s 2d Light-coloured broadcloth, 1⅛ yards, £1 9s 9d Parson's grey broadcloth, 4⅞ yards, £4 9s 2d Total for broadcloth, £35 0s 1d Watering pots, 3, £0 9s 11d Saucepans with covers, 1 gallon, £0 17s 4½d Double sheet of tin, 1, £0 0s 9d Single sheets of tin, 3, £0 1s 10½d Dripping pan, 1, £0 2s 0d Total for tinware, £1 11s 11d Long cloth, grade S, 9 pieces, £27 15s 9d Long cloth, grade T, 4 pieces, £6 8s 8d Long cloth, grade U, 2½ pieces, £3 5s 7d Long cloth, grade L, 1 piece, £5 7s 10d Long cloth, number 9 grade, ½ piece, £0 14s 5d Total for long cloth, £43 12s 3d Salt beef, 1,505 pieces, £150 10s 0d Salt pork, 4,102 pieces, £410 4s 0d Total for beef and pork, £560 14s 0d Corks, ½ gross, £0 [...]s 9d Carried over, £1,565 10s 5d Interpretations Salt beef and pork again dwarfed every other sale, at £560 14s 0d. The mix shifted sharply towards pork, with 4,102 pieces against 1,505 of beef. In the previous quarter beef had made up two-fifths of the total. The Council had just bought 1,229 pieces of salt meat from Captain Carr of the Greenwich on 18 March 1771. The stores evidently sold what the passing ships could supply, and pork kept longer in brine than beef. Escutcheons were the small brass plates fitted round keyholes. Parson's grey was a sober dark grey cloth of the kind worn by clergymen and older men of standing, and it marked a more private, civilian demand than the scarlet and buff of the garrison's uniforms. | |
141 | 1771 Brought Over £ 1565 10 5 Pease ⅝ Bushel 5 3 Hosiers Ware vizt. 2 Black Silk Breeches Ps. 2 11 1 3 do. Worsted do. 1 9 3 4 4 Paint vizt. 37 Indico 3 10 11 29 Blue Smalts 2 15 7 9½ White Lead dry 3 4 1 2 Copperas 1 3 6 Log Wood 1 4½ 10 Barl. Blacking 8 9 1 Umber 2½ 17 Whiting 8¼ 7 2 1 Camblet vizt. 1½ Yds. Scarlet 5 11½ 5 do. Green 16 9½ 1 2 9 Books 1 Small Bible 4 1 Shoes vizt. 404 Pr. Mens Ordy. Shoes 101 16 10 3 Pr. Girls Calimanco do. 10 10 Pr. Boys do. 3 6 10 Pr. Womens do. do. 4 3 102 14 7 Earthen Ware 1 Milk Pan 1 4 Cart Wheels 4 Wheel Barrows 3 7 10 Shirts vizt. 142 Soldiers Shirts 34 14 2 33 Yds. Brown Holland 3 7 4½ 1½ Ps. Irish Linnen 2 10 7½ 40 12 2 Glass Ware vizt. 6 Sq. 11½ by 18 9 12 do. 6 by 8 4 6 4 do. 11½ by 18½ 5 11 19 5 Carried over £ 1726 3 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £1,565 10s 5d brought over. Brought over, £1,565 10s 5d Pease, ½ bushel, £0 5s 3d Black silk breeches pieces, 2, £2 11s 1d Worsted breeches pieces, 3, £1 9s 3d Total for hosiery, £4 0s 4d Indigo, 37 lb, £3 10s 11d Blue smalts, 29 lb, £2 15s 7d Dry white lead, 7½ lb, £0 3s 4d Copperas, 1½ lb, £0 1s 3d Logwood, 6 lb, £0 1s 4½d Blacking, 10 bottles, £0 8s 9d Umber, 1 lb, £0 0s 2¼d Whiting, 17 lb, £0 0s 8¼d Total for paint, £7 2s 1d Scarlet camlet, 1½ yards, £0 5s 1½d Green camlet, 5 yards, £0 16s 9½d Total for camlet, £1 2s 9d Small Bible, 1, £0 4s 1d Men's ordinary shoes, 404 pairs, £101 16s 10d Girls' calimanco shoes, 3 pairs, £0 10s 0d Boys' shoes, 1 pair, £0 3s 6d Women's shoes, 1 pair, £0 4s 3d Total for shoes, £102 14s 7d Earthenware milk pan, 1, £0 1s 4d Cart wheels and wheelbarrows, £3 7s 10d Soldiers' shirts, 142, £34 14s 2d Brown holland, 33 yards, £3 7s 4½d Irish linen, ½ piece, £2 10s 7½d Total for shirts and shirting, £40 12s 2d Window glass, 11½ by 18 inches, 6 squares, £0 9s 0d Window glass, 6 by 8 inches, 12 squares, £0 4s 6d Window glass, 11½ by 15½ inches, 4 squares, £0 5s 11d Total for glass, £0 19s 5d Carried over, £1,726 0s 3d Interpretations Logwood was the heartwood of a Central American tree, chipped and boiled to give a black, purple or blue dye. On the island it probably went into dyeing cloth and leather, and blackening the soldiers' accoutrements. The sale of 404 pairs of men's shoes almost matched the 418 pairs of the previous quarter. A garrison of a few hundred men wore through more than one pair a head every three months on the island's stony roads and works. | |
142 | 15th April Brought over £ 1726 3 Haberdashery vizt. 1 Gro. Horn Moulds 2 5 16 Ps. Tape 10 72 Sk. Silk 2 2 29 do. Mohair 14 6 7 doz. Gilt Bt. Buttons 5 3 9 do. Mohr. Ct. do. 6 9 17 do. do. Bt. do. 6 4 1 doz. Gold Basket Bt. do. 2 7 3½ doz. White Waistct. do. 9 4 10 7 Iron ware vizt. 20 Splinter Locks 11 3 15 Blank Keys 10 3½ 8 Pick Axes 1 11 6 Ash Helves 3 10½ 9 Iron Shovels 2 5 7 Sythe Stones 1 7½ 3 Brick Layers Trowels 4 6 8 Files 4 6 2 Pad Locks 3 9 1 Rag Stone 4¾ 4 Spring Rat Traps 6 8 2 Large Box Irons 19 9 1 Pr. H. L. Hinges 2 2 1 Axletree & Winch 3 10 2 Brass Rings 5½ 6 doz. Wood Screws 2 3 2 Hand Hatchets 3 8½ 2 Sheets Emery paper 3 1 Chaffing Dish 5 6 3 Mouse Traps 1 3½ 2 Plaistr. Trowels 3 8 1 Pr. Large Steelyards 11 2½ Iron Ware Carr. over Carried over £ 1730 10 10 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £1,726 0s 3d brought over. Brought over, £1,726 0s 3d Horn button moulds, 1 gross, £0 2s 5d Tape, 16 pieces, £0 10s 0d Silk, 72 skeins, £2 2s 0d Mohair thread, 29 skeins, £0 14s 6d Gilt breast buttons, 7 dozen, £0 5s 3d Mohair coat buttons, 9 dozen, £0 6s 9d Mohair breast buttons, 17 dozen, £0 6s 4d Gold basket breast buttons, 1 dozen, £0 2s 7d White waistcoat buttons, 3½ dozen, £0 0s 9d Total for haberdashery, £4 10s 7d [...] locks, 20, £0 11s 3d Blank keys, 15, £0 10s 3½d Pickaxes, 8, £1 11s 0d Axe handles, 6, £0 3s 10½d Iron shovels, 9, £2 5s 0d Scythe stones, 7, £0 1s 1½d Bricklayers' trowels, 3, £0 4s 6d Files, 8, £0 4s 6d Padlocks, 2, £0 3s 9d Ragstone, 1, £0 1s 3¾d Spring rat traps, 4, £0 6s 8d Box irons, 2, £0 19s 9d H-hinges, 1 pair, £0 2s 2d [...] and wrench, 1, £0 3s 10d Brass rings, 2, £0 0s 5½d Wood screws, 6 dozen, £0 2s 3d Hand hatchets, 2, £0 3s 8½d Emery paper, 2 sheets, £0 0s 3d Chafing dish, 1, £0 5s 6d Mousetraps, 3, £0 1s 3½d Plasterers' trowels, 2, £0 3s 8d Large steelyards, 1 pair, £0 11s 2½d Ironware carried over Carried over, £1,730 10s 10d The ironware was carried forward as a separate figure to the next page. | |
143 | 1771 Brought Over £ 1730 10 10 Iron ware brought over ¼ Brass Pins 1 2½ 1 Cupboard Lock 3 1½ 1 Garden Hoe 1 5¼ 2 Mauls 1 3 1 1 Sail Needle ¼ 10 5 10 Grindstones 1 3 £ 1740 19 8 Sold to the Planters at 25 pr. Cent Chelloes 1 Piece 10 10 Buckram 1 Yard 1 Shalloon 2 Yards Coloured 4 6 Flannel 6 do. 16 3 Canvas vizt. 13¾ Yds. English 19 4 15 do. Ticklenburghs 14 8 1 14 Broad Cloth vizt. 3¾ Yds. Dark French Grey 4 3 8 2½ do. Scarlet 3 1 6 7 5 2 Haberdashery vizt. 1 Sk. Silk 9 1 do. Mohair 7 2½ doz. Gilt Ct. Buttons 4 9½ 1 do. Bt. do. 1 ½ 2 do. Mohair do. do. 1 8 2 Serge ¾ Yds. Green 3 9 Shoes 1 Pr. Mens Ordy. 5 9 Sold at 40 pr. Cent Flour 1462 lb. 20 15 6 Carried over £ 32 4 11 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £1,730 10s 10d brought over. Brought over, £1,730 10s 10d Ironware brought over Brass pins, ½ lb, £0 1s 2½d Cupboard lock, 1, £0 3s 1½d Garden hoe, 1, £0 1s 5¼d Mauls, 2, £1 3s 1d Sail needle, 1, £0 0s 1½d Total for ironware, £10 5s 10d Grindstone, 1, £0 3s 0d Total sold to the Company's servants, £1,740 19s 8d The record then turned to goods sold to the planters at a 25 per cent advance. Chelloes, 1 piece, £0 10s 10d Buckram, 1 yard, £0 1s 0d Coloured shalloon, 2 yards, £0 4s 6d Flannel, 6 yards, £0 16s 3d English canvas, 13¼ yards, £0 19s 4d Tecklenburg canvas, 15 yards, £0 14s 8d Total for canvas, £1 14s 0d Dark French grey broadcloth, 3¾ yards, £4 4s 3d Scarlet broadcloth, 2⅛ yards, £3 1s 6d Total for broadcloth, £7 5s 9d Silk, 1 skein, £0 0s 9d Mohair thread, 1 skein, £0 0s 7d Gilt coat buttons, 2½ dozen, £0 4s 9½d Gilt breast buttons, 1 dozen, £0 1s 0¼d Mohair breast buttons, 2 dozen, £0 1s 0d Total for haberdashery, £0 8s 2d Green serge, ¾ yard, £0 3s 9d Men's ordinary shoes, 1 pair, £0 5s 9d Some flour went to the planters at a 40 per cent advance. Flour, [...], £20 15s 6d Carried over, £32 4s 11d Interpretations The flour sold to the planters carried a 40 per cent advance, the highest rate yet recorded in the stores. Ordinary goods went to planters at 25 per cent and staples at only 10 per cent. Flour from England was running short, and bread sales to the Company's servants had fallen by a fifth since the previous quarter. Pricing flour so steeply for the planters held the stock back for the garrison, while still allowing a planter in real need to buy at a cost that discouraged him from drawing on it lightly. | |
144 | 15th April Brought over £ 32 4 11 Sugar & Candy vizt. 528 Sugar 11 557 Candy 16 4 11 27 4 11 Rice & Paddy vizt. 5 2 23 Rice 4 2 3 3 16 Paddy 6 3 4 8 11 Oil vizt. ¾ Gall. Train 3 5 ¾ do. Linseed 4 3 7 8 Starch 4½ lb. 3 9 Candles 4 lb. 6 1 Salt 2¾ Bushels 11 11 Cordage 237½ lb. 5 13 6 Twine vizt. 2 Sk. Twine 1 8 1 Cotton Wick 3 3 4 11 Tea 3 Single 4 Arrack 6 Gallons 1 16 Blankets 3 1 4 6 Pitch & Tar vizt. 1 Barl. Tar 1 10 10 40 Rozin 10 2 10 Pease 2 Bushels 1 1 6 Nails vizt. 5 4 4 4½ 1 3 1 1½ 5 6 Hooks & Lines vizt. 75 No. 1 Hooks 5 5 75 9 do. 3 Hooks & Lines Carr. over £ 8 5 Carr. over £ 77 18 11 | The goods sold to the planters continued from £32 4s 11d brought over. Brought over, £32 4s 11d Sugar, 528 lb, £11 0s 0d Sugar candy, 557 lb, £16 4s 11d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £27 4s 11d Rice, 5 cwt 2 qr 23 lb, £4 2s 3d Unhusked rice, 0 cwt 3 qr 16 lb, £0 6s 3d Total for rice and unhusked rice, £4 8s 11d Train oil, ¾ gallon, £0 3s 5d Linseed oil, ¾ gallon, £0 4s 3d Total for oil, £0 7s 8d Starch, 4½ lb, £0 3s 9d Candles, 2 lb, £0 6s 1d Salt, 2¾ bushels, £0 11s 11d Cordage, 237½ lb, £5 13s 6d Twine, 2 skeins, £0 1s 8d Cotton wick, 1 lb, £0 3s 3d Total for twine and wick, £0 4s 11d Singlo tea, [...], £0 4s 0d Arrack, 6 gallons, £1 16s 0d Blankets, 3, £1 4s 6d Tar, 1 barrel, £1 10s 10d Rosin, 40 lb, £0 10s 0d Total for tar and rosin, £2 0s 10d Pease, 2 bushels, £1 1s 6d Fourpenny nails, 5 lb, £0 4s 4½d Threepenny nails, 1 lb, £0 1s 1½d Total for nails, £0 5s 6d Fish hooks, number 1 size, 75, £0 5s 5d Fish hooks, number 9 size, 75, £0 3s 0d Hooks and lines carried over, £0 8s 5d Carried over, £77 18s 11d Interpretations The planters bought sugar and sugar candy worth more than £27 0s 0d in a single quarter, close to a fifth of what the Company's own servants took. In the previous quarter they had bought only £9 5s 8d. The chests landed from the China ships in March and April 1771 put sugar on sale in quantity, and at the 10 per cent rate charged on staples it was cheaper to the planters than anything the private traders on the ships could offer. | |
145 | 1771 Brought over £ 77 18 11 Hooks & Lines brought over £ 8 5 25 No. 11 Hooks 6½ 25 12 6½ 250 16 2 12 2 Lines 4 11 12 3 5 9 1 4 Deals 14 Single 1 19 1 Paint vizt. 1 Barl. Blacking 1 1 1 Indico 2 6 3 7 Iron Ware vizt. 1 Iron Shovel 6 4 1 Spade 5 3 11 7 China Ware 12 Octagon Soup Plates 8 2 Cutlery ware 6 Stag Horn handle Knives & Forks 7 1 £ 82 3 9 Sold to the Honble. Company's Ships from the 1st Jany. to the 31 March 1771 vizt. Deals 2 Double 9 8 Nails vizt. 6 10 4 3 8 20 4 6 3 Coopers Rivets 2 5 11 2 Iron ware vizt. 1 Shot Driver 2 4 2 Bitts for a Dowling Stock 1 11 25 Sail Needles 2 7 6 10 Carried Over £ 1 7 8 | The goods sold to the planters continued from £77 18s 11d brought over. Brought over, £77 18s 11d Hooks and lines brought over, £0 8s 5d Fish hooks, number 11 size, 25, £0 0s 6½d Fish hooks, number 12 size, 25, £0 0s 6½d Fish hooks, number 16 size, 250, £0 0s 2d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 12, £0 4s 11d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 12, £0 5s 9d Total for hooks and lines, £1 0s 4d Single deals, 14, £1 19s 1d Blacking, 1 bottle, £0 1s 1d Indigo, 1 lb, £0 2s 6d Total for paint, £0 3s 7d Iron shovel, 1, £0 6s 4d Spade, 1, £0 5s 3d Total for ironware, £0 11s 7d Octagonal china soup plates, 12, £0 8s 2d Horn-handled knives and forks, 6 sets, £0 7s 1d Total sold to the planters, £82 3s 9d The record then listed goods sold to the Company's ships between 1 January and 31 March 1771. Double deals, 2, £0 7s 8d Tenpenny nails, 6 lb, £0 4s 3d Twentypenny nails, 8 lb, £0 4s 6d Coopers' rivets, 3 lb, £0 2s 5d Total for nails, £0 11s 2d Shot screw, 1, £0 2s 4d Bolts for a [...] stock, 2, £0 1s 11d Sail needles, 25, £0 2s 7d Total for ironware, £0 6s 10d Carried over, £1 7s 8d Interpretations The planters' purchases rose to £82 3s 9d, against £34 0s 7d in the last quarter of 1770. Sugar and sugar candy made up a third of the increase, and the flour sold at 40 per cent most of the rest. The drought had cut the planters' own crops, so they turned to the stores for food they would normally have grown. The ships' purchases were small: a few deals, nails, sail needles and fittings for running repairs. The Indiamen carried their own carpenters' and boatswains' stores for the voyage. They came to the island's warehouses only for odd items that had run short. A shot screw was a corkscrew-like tool on a staff, used to draw a jammed ball from a gun's bore. | |
146 | 15th April Brought over £ 1 7 8 Glass ware 2 Minute Glasses 1 4 Twine 48 Skanes 2 2 Canvas vizt. 5 Ps. English 18 9 9 107 Yds. Ticklenburgs 6 18 3 25 8 Cordage 1189 lb. 28 9 9 Flour 2776 lb. 34 14 Pitch & Tar vizt. 3 Barl. Pitch 4 14 3 do. Tar 4 12 6 28 Rozin 7 9 13 6 Paint vizt. 32 Barl. Blacking 1 16 10 Vermillion 3 17 9 5 13 9 Coals 5 Bushels 8 4 £ 108 1 Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31st March 1771 Candles vizt. 112 for the Castle 120 do. Council 30 do. Chaplain 25 do. Doctors Shop 287 32 17 9 Iron ware vizt. 1 Plaistr. Sieve for the Bake House 4 8½ 3 Squared Squares Carpt. Shop 3 9 Iron Ware Carr. over £ 8 5½ Carr. over £ 32 17 9 | The goods sold to the Company's ships continued from £1 7s 8d brought over. Brought over, £1 7s 8d Minute glasses, 2, £0 1s 4d Twine, 43 skeins, £2 2s 0d English canvas, 5 pieces, £18 9s 9d Tecklenburg canvas, 167 yards, £6 18s 3d Total for canvas, £25 8s 0d Cordage, 1,189 lb, £28 9s 9d Flour, 2,776 lb, £34 14s 0d Pitch, 3 barrels, £4 14s 0d Tar, 3 barrels, £4 12s 6d Rosin, 28 lb, £0 7s 0d Total for pitch, tar and rosin, £9 13s 6d Blacking, 32 bottles, £1 16s 0d Vermilion, 10 lb, £3 17s 9d Total for paint, £5 13s 9d Coals, 5 bushels, £0 8s 4d Total sold to the ships, £108 1s 0d The storekeeper next set out the stores issued from 1 January to 31 March 1771 and charged to the Company's general expenses. Candles for the Castle, 112 lb Candles for the Council, 120 lb Candles for the chaplain, 30 lb Candles for the doctor's shop, 25 lb Total for candles, 287 lb, £32 17s 9d Hair sieve for the bakehouse, 1, £0 4s 8½d Squares for the carpenters' shop, 3, £0 3s 9d Ironware carried over, £0 8s 5½d Carried over, £32 17s 9d Interpretations The ships' purchases rose sharply once the homeward fleet began arriving. The canvas, cordage, pitch and tar were materials for patching sails and rigging worn by months at sea. The minute glasses were sand glasses used with the log line to time a ship's speed. The flour, at 2,776 lb, came from the island's own short stock, and the Council evidently judged that a ship running out of bread had a stronger claim than the planters, who paid 40 per cent for the same commodity. The 10 lb of vermilion was an unusual purchase for a merchantman, perhaps for repainting a ship's carved and gilded stern before she reached home. | |
147 | 1771 Brought over £ 32 17 9 Iron ware brought over £ 8 5½ 30 Files Armourers Shop 15 9 Ash Helves for the Castle, Lt. Govr. House, Carpt. Shop & Bake House 5 3 ¾ Borax Armr. Shop 3 6¼ 1 Wood Ax for cutting Wood for the Castle &c. 17 1 Hand Hatchet for do. 1 8¼ 2 Iron binding wire Armr. Shop 1 6 3 Hand Bench Hammers do. 6 1 Pr. Barrack Hinges Store use 1 11½ 2 Bitts for a Dowling Stock Coopers Shop 7 1 Croe Iron do. 1 10 1 Pr. Sliding Compasses Carpt. do. 3 10 2 Turnscrew Irons do. 3 9 1 Croe Stock do. 1 10 3 Blank Keys Castle & Store use 1 10½ 1 Pr. Dove Tail Hinges for the Church 7¼ 6 Rubber Files Carpt. Use 1 15 ¼ Brass Chair Nails Castle 1 10½ 1 Rag Stone Coopers use 4¼ 1 Maul for the Stone blowers at Ladder Hill 10 6 6 2 5 Hooks & Lines vizt. 25 No. 1 Hooks for the Governors & Lieut. Governors Fishermen 1 3½ 25 9 do. 8¾ 25 15 do. 2¼ 100 6 do. 8 ½ 100 12 do. 1 6 100 16 do. 6¼ 24 2 Lines 7 6 9 18 3 do. 4 11¼ 1 Deep Sea do. 1 11 Candy 48 lb. for the Groom & Gardener 1 15 10 Tea 6 Bohea do. & do. 4 3 Carried over £ 42 11 3 | The stores charged to general expenses continued from £32 17s 9d brought over. Brought over, £32 17s 9d Ironware brought over, £0 8s 5½d Files for the armourer's shop, 30, £0 15s 0d Axe handles for the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house, the carpenters' shop and the bakehouse, 9, £0 5s 3d Borax for the armourer's shop, ¾ lb, £0 3s 6½d Wood axes for cutting wood for the Castle and other uses, 6, £0 17s 0d Hand hatchet for the same, 1, £0 1s 8¾d Iron binding wire for the armourer's shop, 3 lb, £0 1s 6d Hand brick hammers for the armourer's shop, 3, £0 6s 0d Barrack hinges for the stores' use, 1 pair, £0 1s 11½d Bolts for a [...] stock for the coopers' shop, 2, £0 7s 0d [...] iron for the coopers' shop, 1, £0 1s 10d Sliding compasses for the carpenters' shop, 1 pair, £0 3s 10d Pointed irons for the carpenters' shop, 2, £0 3s 9d Vice stock for the carpenters' shop, 1, £0 1s 10d Blank keys for the Castle and the storehouse, 3, £0 1s 10½d Dovetail hinges for the church, 1 pair, £0 0s 7¼d Rubber files for the carpenters' use, 6, £1 15s 0d Brass chair nails for the Castle, ¼ lb, £0 1s 10½d Ragstone for the coopers' shop, 1, £0 0s 4¼d Maul for the stone blowers at Ladder Hill, 1, £0 10s 6d Total for ironware, £6 2s 5d Fish hooks, number 1 size, 25, £0 1s 3½d Fish hooks, number 9 size, 25, £0 0s 8¾d Fish hooks, number 15 size, 25, £0 0s 2¼d Fish hooks, number 6 size, 100, £0 8s 0½d Fish hooks, number 12 size, 100, £0 1s 6d Fish hooks, number 16 size, 100, £0 0s 6½d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 24, [...] Fishing lines, number 3 size, 18, [...] Deep-sea line, 1, £0 4s 11¾d Total for hooks and lines, £1 11s 0d Sugar candy for the groom and the gardener, 68 lb, £1 15s 10d Bohea tea for the same, [...], £0 4s 3d Carried over, £42 11s 3d The hooks and lines went to the fishermen of the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor. Interpretations Borax was a mineral salt used by smiths and armourers as a flux. It cleaned the metal so that brass solder would flow into a joint when gun-locks and fittings were repaired. A maul for the stone blowers at Ladder Hill shows the road up the cliff still being cut through rock, the same work that used powder from the artillery stores. | |
148 | 15th April Brought over £ 42 11 3 Coals 110 Bushels Armr. Shop 6 8 4 Starch 8½ for Linnen 5 Twine 4 Sk. 2 2 Arrack 16 Gall. Sundrys 2 13 4 Sope 85 for Linnen 2 9 7 Braziers ware ½ Brass wire Castle 1 6 Nails vizt. 12 Coopers Rivets Coopers Use 6 6 2 3 for the Coopers use and fixg. a Mill to grind Wheat 1 6 2 2 1 8½ 2½ 40 11½ 1½ Spike 6 1 Glazing Brads for Packet Boxes 1 8 12 10 Paint vizt. 2 Blue Smalts for Linnen 3 5½ 4 Indico 6 11 2 Whiting Castle ½ 10 Yell. Oaker mixed 6 8 17 1 Turners ware vizt. 2 Birch Brooms for the Castle & Lt. Govr. Houses 10 3 Mops 3 9 1 Scrubbing Brush 2 7 7 2 Tin ware vizt. 1 Single Sheet Tin Castle 4 4 Gall. Sauce pans with Covers 9 9 4 Haberdashery 2 Sk. Silk for the Governors Fishermen 1 Lead 8 Sheet do. 1 6 Bunting 1½ White Store use 11 Canvas vizt. 11 Ticklenburgs for packet boxes & Seed bags 9 7 1½ Eng. Canvas for fixing a Mill to grind wheat 1 7 11 2 Carried over £ 57 12 2 | The stores charged to general expenses continued from £42 11s 3d brought over. Brought over, £42 11s 3d Coals for the armourer's shop, 110 bushels, £6 8s 4d Starch for laundering linen, 8½ lb, £0 5s 0d Twine, 4 skeins, £0 2s 2d Arrack for various uses, 16 gallons, £2 13s 4d Soap for laundering linen, 85 lb, £2 9s 7d Brass wire for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 1s 6d Coopers' rivets for the coopers' shop, 12 lb, £0 6s 6d Threepenny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d Twopenny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 8½d Tenpenny nails, 2½ lb, £0 1s 1½d Spike nails, 1½ lb, £0 0s 6d Glazing brads for packet boxes, 1 lb, £0 1s 8d Total for nails, £0 12s 10d Blue smalts for laundering linen, 2 lb, £0 3s 5½d Indigo for laundering linen, 4 lb, £0 6s 11d Whiting for the Castle, 2 lb, £0 0s 1½d Mixed yellow ochre, 10 lb, £0 6s 8d Total for paint, £0 17s 1d Birch brooms, 2, £0 0s 10d Mops, 3, £0 3s 9d Scrubbing brush, 1, £0 2s 7d Total for turned ware, £0 7s 2d Single sheet of tin, 1, £0 0s 4d Saucepan with cover for the Castle, 1 gallon, £0 9s 0d Total for tinware, £0 9s 4d Silk for the Governor's fishermen, 2 skeins, £0 1s 0d Sheet lead, 8 lb, £0 1s 6d White bunting for the stores' use, 1½ yards, £0 0s 11d Tecklenburg canvas for packet boxes and fish bags, 11 yards, £0 9s 7d English canvas for fitting a mill to grind wheat, 1½ yards, £0 1s 7d Total for canvas, £0 11s 2d Carried over, £57 12s 2d The nails went to the coopers' shop and to fitting a mill to grind wheat. The turned ware went to the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house. Interpretations The nails and canvas for fitting a mill to grind wheat link directly to the purchase from Captain Carr on 18 March 1771. The Council had bought more than 24 cwt of wheat from the Greenwich in place of ready-ground flour. Setting up a mill let the island turn imported grain into flour itself, at a time when English flour was scarce and the stores were rationing it to the planters at 40 per cent. Packet boxes were the watertight boxes in which the Council's letters and accounts were sent home on the ships. Their glazing brads and canvas covers protected the dispatches against seawater on the voyage. | |
149 | 1771 Brought over £ 57 12 2 Deals 1 Single for packet Boxes 2 Oil vizt. 2 Bott. Florence Doct. Shop 5 4½ 16½ G. Train Castle & Lieu. Govr. House 2 13 8 ½ do. Oil of Olives Armr. Use 3 5½ 4 do. Linseed 16 2 ¼ do. Oil of Turpentine for ye. Slaught. House 1 1 3 19 9 China ware vizt. 1 Soup Dish for the Castle 5 11 6 Sneakers 2 4 Bowls 5 4 13 3 Iron & Steel 42 lb. Steel Armr. Shop 14 Cutlery ware 2 doz. Green handle Knives & forks Castle 3 19 2 Broad Cloth 1 Yd. Green Castle 17 6 Pitch & Tar vizt. 6 Pitch do. 8 2 Rozin 4 1 Corks 4 Gross 10 6 £ 62 9 4 Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31st March 1771 Deals vizt. 2 Double for the Castle & repairg. Stores 6 9½ 1 Single 1 11½ 8 9 Nails vizt. 1 4 do. 7½ 2 20 9½ 1 5 Lines 1 Hurst Sash Line Castle 1 4 Carried Over £ 11 6 | The stores charged to general expenses continued from £57 12s 2d brought over. Brought over, £57 12s 2d Single deal for packet boxes, 1, £0 2s 0d Florence oil for the doctor's shop, 2 bottles, £0 5s 4½d Train oil for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 16½ gallons, £2 13s 8d Olive oil for the armourer's use, ½ gallon, £0 3s 5½d Linseed oil, 4 gallons, £0 16s 2d Oil of turpentine for the slaughterhouse, ½ gallon, £0 1s 1d Total for oil, £3 19s 9d China soup dish for the Castle, 1, £0 5s 11d China sneakers for the Castle, 6, £0 2s 0d China bowls for the Castle, 4, £0 5s 4d Total for china, £0 13s 3d Iron and steel for the armourer's shop, 42 lb, £0 14s 0d Green-handled knives and forks for the Castle, 2 dozen, £3 19s 2d Green broadcloth for the Castle, 1 yard, £0 17s 6d Pitch for the Castle, 6 lb, £0 0s 8d Rosin for the Castle, 2 lb, £0 0s 4d Total for pitch and rosin, £0 1s 0d Corks, 4 gross, £0 10s 6d Total charged to general expenses, £68 9s 4d The storekeeper then listed the stores issued for repairs from 1 January to 31 March 1771. Double deals for the Castle and the stores, 2, £0 6s 9½d Single deal for the Castle and the stores, 1, £0 1s 11½d Total for deals, £0 8s 9d Fourpenny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 7½d Twentypenny nails, 2 lb, £0 0s 9½d Total for nails, £0 1s 5d Sash line for the Castle, 1 hank, £0 1s 4d Carried over, £0 11s 6d Interpretations The general charges for the quarter came to £68 9s 4d, little more than half the £122 6s 1d of the last quarter of 1770. The repairs account was smaller still. The great repainting of the Castle, the Lieutenant Governor's house and the Plantation House had been finished, and the arrack and coals that had swollen the earlier figure fell back. The two dozen green-handled knives and forks, and the yard of green broadcloth, probably for a card or Council table, show the Castle being refurnished at the Company's charge in the busiest season for entertaining visiting commanders. | |
150 | 15th April Brought over £ 11 6 Paint vizt. 26 Whiting for the Castle and Lieut. Govr. House 1 1 10 Stone colour 5 2½ ¼ Copperas 3 1 Barl. Blacking 9½ 1 Vermillion 5 6 1 Umber ¼ 1 oz. Prussian blue 1 5¾ 14 4 Oil vizt. 4 G. Linseed do. 16 2 ¼ do. Oil of Turpentine 1 1 17 3 Turners ware 2 Paint Brushes do. 1 Glass ware vizt. 2 Sq. 10 by 12 Castle 2 2 1 Sq. 12 by 15 1 2 3 4 £ 2 7 5 Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31st March 1771 Flour 1424 lb. 11 14 Oil 12 Bottles Florence 1 11 9 Arrack 98 Gallons 16 6 8 Beef & Pork vizt. 50 Ps. Beef 8 7 8 50 Ps. Pork 5 16 8 14 4 4 Rice 721 lb. 3 6 5 Pease ½ Bushel 3 10 Carried Over £ 47 7 | The stores issued for repairs continued from £0 11s 6d brought over. Brought over, £0 11s 6d Whiting, 26 lb, £0 1s 1d Stone-coloured paint, 10 lb, £0 5s 2½d Copperas, 4 lb, £0 0s 3d Blacking, 1 bottle, £0 0s 9½d Vermilion, [...], £0 5s 6d Umber, 1 lb, £0 0s 1¾d Prussian blue, 1 oz, £0 1s 5¾d Total for paint, £0 14s 4d Linseed oil, 4 gallons, £0 16s 2d Oil of turpentine, ½ gallon, £0 1s 1d Total for oil, £0 17s 3d Paint brushes, 2, £0 1s 0d Window glass, 10 by 12 inches, 2 squares, £0 2s 2d Window glass, 12 by 15 inches, 1 square, £0 1s 2d Total for glass, £0 3s 4d Total for repairs, £2 7s 5d The paint, oil and brushes went to the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, and the glass to the Castle. The stores issued for the Company's table from 1 January to 31 March 1771 were as follows. Flour, 14 cwt [...], £11 14s 0d Florence oil, 12 bottles, £1 11s 9d Arrack, 98 gallons, £16 6s 8d Salt beef, 50 pieces, £8 7s 8d Salt pork, 50 pieces, £5 16s 8d Total for beef and pork, £14 4s 4d Rice, [...], £3 6s 5d Pease, ½ bushel, £0 3s 10d Carried over, £47 7s 0d Interpretations The Company's table drew 100 pieces of salt beef and pork from the stores this quarter, against 72 in the last quarter of 1770. In the same months the table's purchases of fresh beef fell to 144 lb in March 1771. The Governor's public table, like the garrison, was turning from fresh to salt meat as the island's herds failed. | |
151 | 1771 Brought over £ 47 7 Salt 1½ Bushels 4 6 Sugar & Candy vizt. 266 Sugar 3 6 6 244 Candy 5 1 8 8 8 2 Tea 2 Single 2 8 Coffee 25 lb. 1 10 £ 57 3 2 Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31st March 1771 Soldiers Cloaths 6 Sold. Coats & Breeches 8 9 6 Shirts 6 Soldiers 1 9 9 Hosiery 5 Pr. Mens Ordy. Thread Stockings 17 8 Shoes 6 Pr. Mens Ordy. 1 7 11 Blankets 6 1 15 Glass ware 1 Hour Glass 8 Broad Cloth 3¼ Yds. Black to make a Pauls for the Garrison 2 12 7 Long Cloth ½ Ps. No. 9 for do. 13 2 Thread ¼ Coloured 10 Arrack 12 Gallons for Muster Drams 2 Candles 36 for Officers on Duty 4 2 6 Iron ware vizt. 2 Ash Helves for the Sea Guards 1 2 1 Iron Shovel 4 7 1 Stock Lock 2 11 8 8 Oil vizt. 51 G. Train for the Barracks & Several Guards 8 5 9 56¼ do. Linseed 11 8 4 19 14 1 Tea 63½ Bohea for the Sea Guards 2 5 Pork 342 Ps. 39 18 Carried Over £ 86 3 4 | The stores issued for the Company's table continued from £47 7s 0d brought over. Brought over, £47 7s 0d Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 4s 6d Sugar, 266 lb, £3 6s 6d Sugar candy, 244 lb, £5 1s 8d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £8 8s 2d Singlo tea, 2 lb, £0 2s 8d Coffee, 25 lb, £1 0s 10d Total for the table, £57 3s 2d The stores issued to the garrison from 1 January to 31 March 1771 were as follows. Soldiers' coats and breeches, 6 sets, £8 9s 6d Soldiers' shirts, 6, £1 9s 9d Men's ordinary thread stockings, 5 pairs, £0 17s 8d Men's ordinary shoes, 6 pairs, £1 7s 11d Blankets, 6, £1 15s 0d Hourglass, 1, £0 0s 8d Black broadcloth to make a pall for the garrison, 3¾ yards, £2 12s 7d Long cloth, number 9 grade, for the pall, ½ piece, £0 13s 2d Coloured thread, ¼ lb, £0 0s 10d Arrack for drams at the muster, 12 gallons, £2 0s 0d Candles for officers on duty, 36 lb, £4 2s 6d Axe handles for the sea guards, 2, £0 1s 2d Iron shovel for the sea guards, 1, £0 4s 7d Stock lock for the sea guards, 1, £0 2s 11d Total for ironware, £0 8s 8d Train oil for the barracks and the various guards, 51 gallons, £8 5s 9d Linseed oil for the barracks and the various guards, 56¼ gallons, £11 8s 4d Total for oil, £19 14s 1d Bohea tea for the sea guards, 6½ lb, £2 5s 0d Salt pork, 342 pieces, £39 18s 0d Carried over, £86 3s 4d Interpretations The garrison was given a pall of black broadcloth lined with long cloth: the cloth laid over a coffin at a military funeral. Francis Jackson, a private, had died on 30 January 1771, and Thomas Matthews, a matross, and John Totterdale, a private, in March. A garrison that buried its men regularly needed a proper pall of its own, so that every soldier went to his grave with the same honours. The six sets of coats and breeches, with shirts, shoes and stockings, were the free first kit issued to recruits. The quarter had brought in Thomas Harrison and Jasper Jefferson from Bombay, John Wright and the three stowaways from the Duke of Cumberland. The 342 pieces of salt pork again made up the short weight of the soldiers' meat ration, as the 287 pieces had done in the quarter before. | |
152 | 15th April Brought over £ 86 3 4 Nails vizt. 2 3 for Cots & Coffins 6 25 10 11 6 25 20 9 11 2 2 1 8 3 4 1 11 1 11 Deals vizt. 7 Single for do. 13 8½ 2 Double 6 9½ 1 6 Haberdashery vizt. ½ Gro. broad worsted Lace for Hats and Waistcoats 3 11 ½ do. narrow do. do. 6 2 6 Hair Stocks for Recruits 2 3 12 4 Canvas vizt. 19 Yds. English for making Cotts 1 4 11 2 Yds. Ticklenburgs 1 9 1 6 8 Lines 16 No. 2 for Whips 4 8 Tin ware 1 Lanthorn Leaf for Officers 2 Turners ware vizt. 1 Wood Bowl 1 1 2 Platters 2 5 3 6 £ 91 2 2 Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31st March 1771 Rice 217 1 9 123 5 10 Beef & Pork vizt. 1477 Ps. Beef 247 14 1 745 Ps. Pork 86 18 4 334 12 5 Carried over £ 462 18 3 | The stores issued to the garrison continued from £86 3s 4d brought over. Brought over, £86 3s 4d Threepenny nails for cots and coffins, 8 lb, £0 6s 0d Tenpenny nails for cots and coffins, 25 lb, £0 11s 6d Twentypenny nails for cots and coffins, 25 lb, £0 9s 11d Twopenny nails for cots and coffins, 2 lb, £0 1s 8d Fourpenny nails for cots and coffins, 3 lb, £0 1s 11d Total for nails, £1 11s 0d Single deals for cots and coffins, 7, £0 13s 8½d Double deals for cots and coffins, 2, £0 6s 9½d Total for deals, £1 0s 6d Broad worsted lace for hats and waistcoats, ½ gross, £0 3s 11d Narrow worsted lace for hats and waistcoats, ½ gross, £0 6s 2d Hair stocks for recruits, 6, £0 2s 3d Total for haberdashery, £0 12s 4d English canvas for making cots, 19 yards, £1 4s 11d Tecklenburg canvas for making cots, 2 yards, £0 1s 9d Total for canvas, £1 6s 8d Fishing lines, number 2 size, for making whips, 16, £0 4s 8d Lantern leaf for the officers, 1, £0 0s 2d Wooden bowl, 1, £0 1s 1d Wooden platters, 2, £0 2s 5d Total for turned ware, £0 3s 6d Total for the garrison, £91 2s 2d The stores issued for the Company's slaves from 1 January to 31 March 1771 began as follows. Rice, 212 cwt 1 qr 9 lb, £123 5s 10d Salt beef, 1,477 pieces, £247 14s 1d Salt pork, 745 pieces, £86 18s 4d Total for beef and pork, £334 12s 5d Carried over, £457 18s 3d Interpretations The slaves' rice rose from 173 cwt in the last quarter of 1770 to more than 212 cwt. In the same months the yams issued to them fell from 54,950 lb to 3,170 lb. The plantation's yam crop had failed in the drought, and imported Bengal and Bombay rice had to fill the gap. The salt meat issued to them, at more than £334 0s 0d, was now one of the largest single charges on the Company's stores. The drought had made the slaves' food a cost paid in shipped provisions, not a product of the island's own ground. A hair stock was a stiff neckband of horsehair covered with cloth, worn by soldiers to hold the head upright on parade. Six were issued with the recruits' kit. | |
153 | 1771 Brought over £ 462 18 3 Oil vizt. 8¾ G. Train 1 8 7 ¼ do. Linseed 1 1 9 7 Thread 4 oz. Nuns No. 38 Govr. Servants 5 2 Haberdashery vizt. ½ Gro. Shirt Buttons for the Govr. Servants 1 3 1 Ps. Tape 7 1 10 Shoes vizt. 50 Pr. Mens Ordy. Shoes 11 12 4 11 Pr. Womens Calf Leather do. 1 8 5 13 9 Tea 7 Bohea 5 Sugar 270 lb. 3 7 6 Sope 8 for the Lieut. Govr. Servants 4 8 Salt ½ Bushel 1 6 Pepper 4 lb. 2 Long Cloth ⅛ Ps. W. for Lying in Women 5 Arrack 2½ G. for Slaves Killing Turtle 7 6 Turners Ware vizt. 2 Wood Bowls 2 2 2 Platters 2 5 4 7 Twine 1 Skane 7 Iron ware 1 Stock Lock Blacks Square 2 11 Nails vizt. 3 20 do. 1 1½ 3 10 1 4½ 6 6 3 5 5 11 Cordage 8½ do. 2 8 Lines 12 No. 2 for Punishing Slaves 3 6 £ 483 8 11 | The stores issued for the Company's slaves continued from £462 18s 3d brought over. Brought over, £462 18s 3d Train oil, 3¾ gallons, £1 8s 7d Linseed oil, ½ gallon, £0 1s 0d Total for oil, £1 9s 7d Nuns' thread, number 38 grade, for the Governor's servants, 4 oz, £0 5s 2d Shirt buttons for the Governor's servants, ½ gross, £0 1s 3d Tape for the Governor's servants, 1 piece, £0 0s 7d Total for haberdashery, £0 1s 10d Men's ordinary shoes, 50 pairs, £11 12s 4d Women's calf leather shoes, 11 pairs, £1 8s 5d Total for shoes, £13 0s 9d Bohea tea, [...], £0 5s 0d Sugar, 270 lb, £3 7s 6d Soap for the Lieutenant Governor's servants, 8 lb, £0 4s 8d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 6d Pepper, 4 lb, £0 2s 0d Long cloth for women in childbirth, ½ piece, £0 5s 0d Arrack for the slaves catching turtle, 2½ gallons, £0 7s 6d Wooden bowls, 2, £0 2s 2d Wooden platters, 2, £0 2s 5d Total for turned ware, £0 4s 7d Twine, 1 skein, £0 0s 7d Stock lock for the slaves' guard, 1, £0 2s 11d Twentypenny nails, 3 lb, £0 1s 1½d Tenpenny nails, 3 lb, £0 1s 4½d Sixpenny nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 5d Total for nails, £0 5s 11d Cordage, 8½ lb, £0 2s 8d Fishing lines, number 2 size, for punishing slaves, 12, £0 3s 6d Total for the slaves, £483 8s 11d Interpretations The 12 fishing lines issued "for punishing slaves" were made into whips. The garrison account for the same quarter recorded 16 lines issued for making whips, and the two entries probably served one purpose. Flogging was the ordinary discipline of the Company's slaves. The storekeeper entered the means of it in the same list as the long cloth for women in childbirth and the arrack given to slaves catching turtle on the shore. Care and coercion were costed side by side in one account. The arrack for the slaves catching turtle shows a further use of the island's coast for food. Green turtles came ashore to lay their eggs on St Helena's few beaches. The slaves sent to take them earned a dram for the work, and the turtle meat went to the Castle's table or the hospital in a season when fresh meat was scarce. | |
154 | 15th April Mallay Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31 March 1771 Rice 354 lb. 1 12 11 Beef 32 Ps. 5 7 4 Arrack ¼ Gallon 10 Sugar & Candy vizt. 94 Sugar 1 3 6 6 Candy 2 6 1 6 Flour 54 lb. 9 Candles 20 lb. 2 5 10 Sope 16 lb. 9 4 Starch 2 lb. 1 2 Pepper 4 lb. 2 Oil 4 Bott. Florence 10 7 Tea vizt. 4 Bohea 2 10 3 Single 4 6 10 Salt ½ Bushel 1 6 Paint 2 Indico 3 6 Cutlery 2 Ordy. Ivory Combs 2 5 China ware vizt. 6 Octagon Soup Plates 2 11 6 Sneakers 2 4 11 Arrack 2 Gallons 13 4 Hooks & Lines vizt. 50 Hooks No. 9 1 6 12 Lines 2 3 6 5 Thread 2 Whit. Brown 13 7 £ 14 16 1 | The stores issued to the Malays from 1 January to 31 March 1771 were as follows. Rice, 3 cwt [...], £1 12s 11d Salt beef, 32 pieces, £5 7s 4d Arrack, ¼ gallon, £0 0s 10d Sugar, 94 lb, £1 3s 6d Sugar candy, 6 lb, £0 2s 6d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £1 6s 0d Flour, 54 lb, £0 9s 0d Candles, 20 lb, £2 5s 10d Soap, 16 lb, £0 9s 4d Starch, 2 lb, £0 1s 2d Pepper, 4 lb, £0 2s 0d Florence oil, 4 bottles, £0 10s 7d Bohea tea, [...], £0 2s 10d Singlo tea, [...], £0 4s 0d Total for tea, £0 6s 10d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 6d Indigo, 2 lb, £0 3s 6d Ordinary ivory combs, 2, £0 2s 5d Octagonal china soup plates, 6, £0 2s 11d China sneakers, 6, £0 2s 0d Total for china, £0 4s 11d Arrack, 2 gallons, £0 13s 4d Fish hooks, number 9 size, 50, £0 1s 6d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 12, £0 3s 6d Total for hooks and lines, £0 5s 0d White and brown thread, 2 lb, £0 13s 7d Total for the Malays, £14 16s 1d | |
155 | 1771 Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31st March 1771 Rice & Paddy vizt. 678 Rice for Poultry & Horses 3 2 8 7198 Paddy 14 14 8 17 17 4 Beef 13 Ps. for the Overseers & Steward 2 3 7 Oil ½ G. Train for the Stables 1 8 Iron ware vizt. 2 Sheets Emery Paper for the Stables 2½ 18 Ash helves for the Pastures 10 6 3 Iron Shovels do. 13 7½ 3 Helves for Garden Hoes for the Plant. & Flower Gardens 1 11¼ 1 Plaistr. Sieve 4 8½ 2 Spring Rat Traps do. 3 4¼ 1 14 Lines vizt. 6 No. 2 for the Pastures, Gardens and Plantations 1 9 18 3 6 2 7 11 Turners ware vizt. 4 Lab. Baskets for the Gardens 4 11 3 Birch Brooms 1 3 6 2 Nails vizt. 3 6 for the Pastures & Gardens 1 7½ 1 10 5½ 2 4 1 3 1 2 11 4 3 Saddlery 2 Sursingles 18 Cart Wheels 2 Wheel Barrows for the Pastures 1 10 10 Canvas 2 Yds. Ticklenburgs Stables 1 9 Carried over £ 25 5 6 | The stores issued to the Company's plantation from 1 January to 31 March 1771 began as follows. Rice for the poultry and horses, 678 lb, £3 2s 8d Unhusked rice for the poultry and horses, [...], £14 14s 3d Total for rice and unhusked rice, £17 17s 4d Salt beef for the mowers and [...], 13 pieces, £2 3s 7d Train oil for the stables, ½ gallon, £0 1s 8d Emery paper for the stables, 2 sheets, £0 0s 2½d Axe handles for the pastures, 18, £0 10s 6d Iron shovels for the pastures, 3, £0 13s 7½d Handles for garden hoes for the plantation and the flower gardens, 3, £0 1s 11¼d Hair sieve for the plantation and the flower gardens, 1, £0 4s 8½d Spring rat traps, 2, £0 3s 4d Total for ironware, £1 14s 0d Fishing lines, number 2 size, for the pastures, gardens and plantations, 6, £0 1s 9d Fishing lines, number 3 size, for the pastures, gardens and plantations, 18, £0 6s 2d Total for lines, £0 7s 11d Labourers' baskets for the gardens, 4, £0 4s 11d Birch brooms for the gardens, 3, £0 1s 3d Total for turned ware, £0 6s 2d Sixpenny nails for the pastures and gardens, 3 lb, £0 1s 7½d Tenpenny nails for the pastures and gardens, 1 lb, £0 0s 5½d Fourpenny nails for the pastures and gardens, 2 lb, £0 1s 3d Twopenny nails for the pastures and gardens, 1 lb, £0 0s 11d Total for nails, £0 4s 3d Surcingles, 2, £0 18s 0d Cart wheels and 2 wheelbarrows for the pastures, £1 10s 10d Tecklenburg canvas for the stables, 2 yards, £0 1s 9d Carried over, £25 5s 6d Interpretations The plantation fed its horses and poultry on imported rice and unhusked rice worth almost £18 0s 0d in one quarter, against about £25 0s 0d in the last quarter of 1770. The ground that should have grazed them was bare from drought. The fishing lines sent to the pastures, gardens and plantations were probably used for setting out beds and fences, or tethering stock on what grass remained. Surcingles were broad straps passed round a horse's body to hold a pack or blanket in place. | |
156 | 15th April Brought over £ 25 5 6 Twine 1 Skane for the Stables 7 Thread 1 Coloured do. 3 1 Lead 8 Sheet for Gardens 1 6 Arrack ½ G. given to Blacks for Killing Cattle 1 8 £ 25 12 4 Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31 March 1771 Sugar 288 lb. 3 12 Flour 288 lb. 2 8 Rice 288 lb. 1 5 9 Tea 33 Bohea 1 3 4 Oil vizt. 7 G. Linseed 1 8 4 6 do. Train 19 6 2 7 10 Salt 1⅝ Bushels 5 11 Iron ware vizt. 1 Pr. H. L. Hinges 1 11½ 1 Pr. Dove Tail do. 7½ 2 7 Canvas 60 Yds. English for Cotts 3 18 9 Twine 4 Sk. for do. 2 2 Turners ware vizt. 3 Bowls 3 3 3 Platters 3 8 6 11 China ware 12 Sneakers 4 Coffee 2 lb. 1 8 Nails 3 lb. 3d. 2 3 Kersey 4 Yards 8 2 £ 16 9 4 | The stores issued to the plantation continued from £25 5s 6d brought over. Brought over, £25 5s 6d Twine for the stables, 1 skein, £0 0s 7d Coloured thread for the stables, 1 lb, £0 3s 1d Sheet lead for the gardens, 8 lb, £0 1s 6d Arrack given to the slaves for slaughtering cattle, ½ gallon, £0 1s 8d Total for the plantation, £25 12s 4d The stores issued to the hospital from 1 January to 31 March 1771 were as follows. Sugar, 2 cwt 3 qr 3 lb, £3 12s 0d Flour, 2 cwt 3 qr 2 lb, £2 8s 0d Rice, 2 cwt 3 qr 2 lb, £1 5s 9d Bohea tea, [...], £1 3s 4d Linseed oil, 7 gallons, £1 8s 4d Train oil, 6 gallons, £0 19s 6d Total for oil, £2 7s 10d Salt, 1⅜ bushels, £0 5s 11d H-hinges, 1 pair, £0 1s 11½d Dovetail hinges, 1 pair, £0 0s 7½d Total for ironware, £0 2s 7d English canvas for cots, 60 yards, £3 18s 9d Twine for cots, 4 skeins, £0 2s 2d Wooden bowls, 3, £0 3s 3d Wooden platters, 3, £0 3s 8d Total for turned ware, £0 6s 11d China sneakers, 12, £0 4s 0d Coffee, 3 lb, £0 1s 8d Twentypenny nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 3d Kersey, 4 yards, £0 8s 2d Total for the hospital, £16 9s 4d Interpretations The 60 yards of canvas for cots point to the hospital taking in more patients this quarter. The sick from the Prince of Wales had arrived with only eight of her men fit for duty, and other homeward crews landed their sick as well. Kersey was a coarse, ribbed woollen cloth, probably made into blankets or gowns for the patients. | |
157 | 1771 Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31st March Cordage 191½ for Boats in General 2 19 10 Leather 15½ Sole do. 1 Oars 3 for the Fishing Boats 11 7 Lead 11½ Sheet for the Cutter 2 2 Twine 2 Skanes for the Long Boats 1 1 Lines 1 Deep Sea do. 5 Tin ware 3 Single Sheets Tin do. 1 Oil 5¾ G. Train Boats in General 18 9 Pitch & Tar vizt. 1 Barl. Pitch do. 1 2 4 1 do. Tar 1 2 42 Rozin 7 2 2 11 6 Nails vizt. 9 2 Boats in General 7 8½ 16 4 10 12 10 5 6 10 6 5 7½ 6 20 2 5 1 10 10 Deals vizt. 7 Double do. 1 3 9 6 Single 11 9 2 Wainscot Boards 13 3 2 8 9 Paint 1 Barl. Blacking 10 Turners ware vizt. 4 Birch Brooms 1 8 2 Paint Brushes 1 2 8 £ 12 14 | 1771 Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31st March Cordage 191½ for Boats in General 2 19 10 Leather 15½ Sole do. 1 Oars 3 for the Fishing Boats 11 7 Lead 11½ Sheet for the Cutter 2 2 Twine 2 Skanes for the Long Boats 1 1 Lines 1 Deep Sea do. 5 Tin ware 3 Single Sheets Tin do. 1 Oil 5¾ G. Train Boats in General 18 9 Pitch & Tar vizt. 1 Barl. Pitch do. 1 2 4 1 do. Tar 1 2 42 Rozin 7 2 2 11 6 Nails vizt. 9 2 Boats in General 7 8½ 16 4 10 12 10 5 6 10 6 5 7½ 6 20 2 5 1 10 10 Deals vizt. 7 Double do. 1 3 9 6 Single 11 9 2 Wainscot Boards 13 3 2 8 9 Paint 1 Barl. Blacking 10 Turners ware vizt. 4 Birch Brooms 1 8 2 Paint Brushes 1 2 8 £ 12 14 | |
158 | 15th April Barracks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31st March 1771 Lines vizt. 12 No. 2 3 6 72 3 1 4 6 1 8 Deals vizt. 600 Double 101 17 6 170 Single 16 12 11 31 Baulks 13 7 9 131 18 2 Iron 786 lb. 8 3 9 Oil vizt. 2¾ G. Train 9 ¼ do. Oil Turpentine 1 1 3¼ Linseed 13 2 1 3 3 Nails vizt. 170 20 3 7 3 45 40 16 11 165 10 3 15 8 35 6 1 11 18 Dog Nails 11 7 10 2 5 Iron ware vizt. 39 Ash helves 1 2 9 3 Stock Locks 8 9 4 Pick Axes 14 4 Mauls 2 1 10 2 Masons Beech Mallets 3 11 4 Plaistr. Trowels 6 8 1 Blank Key 8 4 18 7 Turners ware vizt. 2 Wood Bowls 2 2 2 Platters 2 5 Turners ware Carr. over £ 4 7 Carr. over £ 157 14 2 | The stores issued to the barracks from 1 January to 31 March 1771 began as follows. Fishing lines, number 2 size, 12, £0 3s 6d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 72, £1 4s 6d Total for lines, £1 8s 0d Double deals, 600, £101 17s 6d Single deals, 170, £16 12s 11d Balks, 31, £13 7s 9d Total for timber, £131 18s 2d Iron, 786 lb, £8 3s 9d Train oil, 2¾ gallons, £0 9s 0d Oil of turpentine, ¼ gallon, £0 1s 1d Linseed oil, 3¾ gallons, £0 13s 2d Total for oil, £1 3s 3d Twentypenny nails, 170 lb, £3 7s 3d Fortypenny nails, 45 lb, £0 16s 11d Tenpenny nails, 165 lb, £3 15s 8d Sixpenny nails, 55 lb, £1 11s 0d Dog nails, 18 lb, £0 11s 7d Total for nails, £10 2s 5d Axe handles, 39, £1 2s 9d Stock locks, 3, £0 8s 9d Pickaxes, 4, £0 14s 0d Mauls, 4, £2 1s 10d Masons' beech mallets, 2, £0 3s 11d Plasterers' trowels, 4, £0 6s 8d Blank key, 1, £0 0s 8d Total for ironware, £4 18s 7d Wooden bowls, 2, £0 2s 2d Wooden platters, 2, £0 2s 5d Turned ware carried over, £0 4s 7d Carried over, £157 14s 2d Interpretations The barracks drew 600 double deals in this quarter, against 86 in the last quarter of 1770, as the work moved from walls to floors, partitions and roof. Captain Tippet's letter of 1 April 1771 said the men's barracks would be finished within days apart from the glazing. That fits a quarter spent fitting out the interior in imported Baltic timber. The Council's halt on the officers' barracks the same day left any surplus deals in store for other works. | |
159 | 1771 Brought over £ 157 14 2 Turners ware brought over £ 4 7 18 Labr. Baskets 1 2 2 10 Plaistr. Brushes 10 1 16 9 Cart Wheels 8 Wheel Barrows 6 3 4 Rozin 1 lb. 2 Lead 18 Sheet 3 5 Paint 2 Barl. Blacking 1 7 Tin ware 2 Watering Pots 6 £ 166 5 5 Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st January to the 31st March 1771 Candles 5½ lb. 12 7 Twine 38 Sk. 1 3 Nails vizt. 15 4 9 7½ 6 10 2 9 16 Dog Nails 10 4½ 1 2 9 Bunting vizt. 2 Ps. Red 3 2 4 5 Ps. White 5 14 7 4 Ps. Blue 5 2 8 13 19 7 Lines vizt. 1 Hambro 1 6 6 No. 3 2 1 3 7 Canvas 12 Yds. Ticklenburgs 10 6 Thread 3 Coloured 9 3 Deals 1 Single 2 Carried over £ 18 6 | The stores issued to the barracks continued from £157 14s 2d brought over. Brought over, £157 14s 2d Turned ware brought over, £0 4s 7d Labourers' baskets, 18, £1 2s 2d Plasterers' brushes, 10, £0 10s 0d Total for turned ware, £1 16s 9d Cart wheels and wheelbarrows, £6 3s 4d Rosin, 1 lb, £0 0s 2d Sheet lead, 18 lb, £0 3s 5d Blacking, 2 bottles, £0 1s 7d Watering pots, 2, £0 6s 0d Total for the barracks, £166 5s 5d The stores issued for the fortifications from 1 January to 31 March 1771 began as follows. Candles, 5½ lb, £0 12s 7d Twine, 38 skeins, £1 0s 3d Fourpenny nails, 15 lb, £0 9s 7½d Tenpenny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 9d Dog nails, 16 lb, £0 10s 4½d Total for nails, £1 2s 9d Red bunting, 2 pieces, £3 2s 4d White bunting, 5 pieces, £5 14s 7d Blue bunting, 4 pieces, £5 2s 8d Total for bunting, £13 19s 7d Hamburg line, 1, £0 1s 6d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 6, £0 2s 1d Total for lines, £0 3s 7d Tecklenburg canvas, 12 yards, £0 10s 6d Coloured thread, 3 lb, £0 9s 3d Single deal, 1, £0 2s 0d Carried over, £18 0s 6d Interpretations Eleven whole pieces of red, white and blue bunting, worth almost £14 0s 0d, went to the fortifications in a single quarter. That was enough to make a complete new set of colours and signal flags for the batteries. The signal system that warned the Castle of ships, and told the island whether they were friend or enemy, depended on flags as well as guns. Renewing them in the same months as the Secret Committee's packet and the order to survey the western valleys points to the Council putting the island's defences in readiness. | |
160 | 15th April Brought over £ 18 6 Oil vizt. ¾ G. Train 2 5 1 do. Linseed 4 1 1 Bottle Florence 2 8 9 2 Arrack 5 Gallons 16 8 Iron ware vizt. 1 Ash Helve 7 1 Pad Lock 1 8 2 3 Lead 17 Sheet 3 3 Paint 10 Verdigrease 2 4 2 Cordage 10 lb. 3 2 Turners Ware vizt. 4 Paint Brushes 1 11 6 Birch Brooms 2 6 4 5 £ 22 3 7 St. Helena 31 March 1771 Errors Excepted (signed) James Powell Storekeeper | The stores issued for the fortifications continued from £18 0s 6d brought over. Brought over, £18 0s 6d Train oil, ¾ gallon, £0 2s 5d Linseed oil, 1 gallon, £0 4s 1d Florence oil, 1 bottle, £0 2s 8d Total for oil, £0 9s 2d Arrack, 5 gallons, £0 16s 8d Axe handle, 1, £0 0s 7d Padlock, 1, £0 1s 8d Total for ironware, £0 2s 3d Sheet lead, 17 lb, £0 3s 3d Verdigris, 10 lb, £2 4s 2d Cordage, 10 lb, £0 3s 2d Paint brushes, 4, £0 1s 11d Birch brooms, 6, £0 2s 6d Total for turned ware, £0 4s 5d Total for the fortifications, £22 3s 7d James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 31 March 1771, reserving the right to correct any errors. | |
161 | 1771 List of the Honble. Company's Officers and Servants upon the Island St. Helena with their several Salarys, Diet Money &c.a for the Quarter ending 31 March 1771 vizt. John Skottowe Esqr. Salary 150 do. Allowance for Servants 31 14 9 181 14 9 Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor 62 10 do. Diet Money 25 87 10 Matt. Purling Esqr. of Council 32 10 do. Accountant 17 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. Gratuity 15 80 William Bearcroft Chaplain 40 do. Diet Money 15 55 Matthew Bazett Secretary 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 James Powell Storekeeper 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 45 William Wrangham Paymaster 27 10 do. Diet Money 15 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Assist. to the Govr. 10 55 James Tippet Engineer 50 do. House Rent 2 10 52 10 Carried Over £ 601 14 9 | The paymaster's accounts opened with a list of the Company's officers and servants on the island, with their salaries, diet money and other allowances for the quarter ending 31 March 1771. John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d Total for the Governor, £181 14s 9d Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d Total for the Lieutenant Governor, £87 10s 0d Matthew Purling, member of the Council, salary, £32 10s 0d Matthew Purling, as accountant, £17 10s 0d Matthew Purling, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Purling, gratuity, £15 0s 0d Total for Matthew Purling, £80 0s 0d William Bearcroft, chaplain, salary, £40 0s 0d William Bearcroft, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for the chaplain, £55 0s 0d Matthew Bazett, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the secretary, £45 0s 0d James Powell, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d James Powell, diet money, £15 0s 0d James Powell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the storekeeper, £45 0s 0d William Wrangham, paymaster, salary, £27 10s 0d William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d William Wrangham, as assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d Total for the paymaster, £55 0s 0d James Tippet, engineer, salary, £50 0s 0d James Tippet, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the engineer, £52 10s 0d Carried over, £601 14s 9d | |
162 | 15th April Brought over £ 601 14 9 Jonathan Doveton Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Assist. Storekeeper 5 30 Britannicus Wright Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Collector of the Customs 12 10 37 10 John Goodwin Factor 12 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 25 George Bazett Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 do. Clerk of the Works 6 16 10½ 26 16 10½ James Desfountain Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 20 William Webber Doveton Writer 7 10 do. Diet Money 10 17 10 Robert Barclay Surgeon 19 15 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 32 5 John Pritchard do. Mate 13 15 do. Diet Money 10 do. House Rent 2 10 26 5 Carried over £ 817 1 7½ | The list of officers and servants continued from £601 14s 9d brought over. Brought over, £601 14s 9d Jonathan Doveton, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, as assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d Total for Jonathan Doveton, £30 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, diet money, £10 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, house rent, £2 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, as collector of customs, £12 10s 0d Total for Britannicus Wright, £37 10s 0d John Goodwin, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d John Goodwin, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Goodwin, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Goodwin, £25 0s 0d George Bazett, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d George Bazett, diet money, £10 0s 0d George Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d George Bazett, as clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d Total for George Bazett, £26 16s 10½d James Desfountain, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Desfountain, £20 0s 0d William Webber Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d William Webber Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d Total for William Webber Doveton, £17 10s 0d Robert Barclay, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d Robert Barclay, diet money, £10 0s 0d Robert Barclay, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the surgeon, £32 5s 0d John Pritchard, surgeon's mate, salary, £13 15s 0d John Pritchard, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Pritchard, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the surgeon's mate, £26 5s 0d Carried over, £817 1s 7½d Interpretations Jonathan Doveton, chosen as Sheriff on 1 April 1771, was already a factor and assistant storekeeper. The office of Sheriff carried no salary on this list. It went to a man whose income came from his Company posts, which kept the island's chief enforcement officer dependent on the Company's favour. | |
163 | 1771 Brought over £ 817 1 7½ John Congreve Judge Advocate 12 10 do. Schoolmaster 7 10 do. House Rent 2 10 22 10 Thos. Bazett Superintend. of the Works 25 Philip Mahony Clerk of the Peace 28 4 do. House Rent 2 10 30 10 4 Saml. Alexander Overseers 7 10 John Worrall 15 Solomon St. Maurice Master at Arms 6 5 John Robinson Carpenter 25 Willm. Greenup do. Mate 12 10 John Drawwater Cooper to 18th March 12 13 2 John Robins Armourer 15 Hugh Jones Superintend. of the Blacks 10 John Preston Mason 20 Robert Leech Steward 7 10 Thomas Yates Clerk of the Church 5 John Joyce Clock & Instrumt. Cleaner 1 5 Willm. Crabb Groom 2 James Miller Patroon of the Long Boats 7 10 John Price Marshal and Goaler 7 10 James Carmitchel Gardener 10 To the Drum Major for instructing the Young Drummers 1 First Company vizt. Danl. Corneille Captain 59 6 3 Solomon St. Maurice Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 34 4 4½ Charles Ross Steward Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. Adjutant 18 5 52 9 4½ Carried over £ 1206 15 1½ | The list of officers and servants continued from £817 1s 7½d brought over. Brought over, £817 1s 7½d John Congreve, judge advocate, salary, £12 10s 0d John Congreve, as schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Congreve, £22 10s 0d Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d Philip Mahoney, clerk of the peace, salary, £28 0s 4d Philip Mahoney, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the clerk of the peace, £30 10s 4d Samuel Alexander, overseer, £7 10s 0d John Morrall, overseer, £15 0s 0d Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d William Gurrup, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d John Drawwater, cooper, to 18 March 1771, £12 13s 2d John Robins, armourer, £15 0s 0d Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d John Preston, mason, £20 0s 0d Robert Leech, steward, £7 10s 0d Thomas Yates, clerk of the church, £5 0s 0d John Joyce, clock and instrument cleaner, £1 5s 0d William Crabb, groom, £2 0s 0d James Miller, coxswain of the longboats, £7 10s 0d John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d James Carmichael, gardener, £10 0s 0d Drum major, for teaching the young drummers, £1 0s 0d The pay of the First Company followed. Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d Solomon St Maurice, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Solomon St Maurice, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Solomon St Maurice, £34 4s 4½d Charles Ross Steward, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Charles Ross Steward, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Charles Ross Steward, as adjutant, £18 5s 0d Total for Charles Ross Steward, £52 9s 4½d Carried over, £1,206 15s 1½d Interpretations John Drawwater's pay stopped on 18 March 1771, the day the Council dismissed him for false gauging. Thomas Yates, who exposed him, held several roles at once. He was a gunner in the artillery, clerk of the church and the Society's agent for issuing arrack. A man so placed had both the knowledge and the standing to bring a charge against a Company servant. His complaint also protected his own position, since shortfalls in the arrack he issued would otherwise have been laid at his door. | |
164 | 15th April Brought over £ 1206 15 1½ William Caldwell Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ William Roberts Town Adjutant 32 3 1½ Sergeants vizt. Henry Howell 7 10 John Allman 7 10 George Seale 7 10 Thomas Mears 7 10 Thomas Pearce 7 10 37 10 Corporals vizt. Abraham Jewis 5 5 Henry Clarke 5 5 Andrew Alexander 5 5 John Hill to 13th March red. Pr. £ 4 4 do. from do. Centinel 15 4 19 20 14 Drummers vizt. John Swaits 5 5 Richd. Playfoot 5 5 George Watts 5 5 15 15 Private vizt. John Beckmans 3 15 Moses Griffin 3 15 John Bull 3 15 Timothy Bryan 3 15 Emanuel Bonner 3 15 Willm. Benson 3 15 Benj. Barclay 3 15 Richd. Brown 3 15 Thos. Berwick 3 15 Private Carr. over £ 33 15 Carried over £ 1349 11 7½ | The pay list continued from £1,206 15s 1½d brought over. Brought over, £1,206 15s 1½d William Caldwell, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d William Caldwell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d William Caldwell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Caldwell, £36 14s 4½d William Roberts, town adjutant, £32 3s 1½d Henry Howell, sergeant, £7 10s 0d John Allman, sergeant, £7 10s 0d George Seale, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Thomas Moore, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Thomas Pearce, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £37 10s 0d Abraham Irwin, corporal, £5 5s 0d Henry Clarke, corporal, £5 5s 0d Andrew Alexander, corporal, £5 5s 0d John Hill, as corporal to 13 March 1771, then reduced in rank, £4 4s 0d John Hill, as private from the same date, £0 15s 0d Total for John Hill, £4 19s 0d Total for corporals, £20 14s 0d John Twaits, drummer, £5 5s 0d Richard Hatfoot, drummer, £5 5s 0d George Wale, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £15 15s 0d John Buckman, private, £3 15s 0d Moses Boffin, private, £3 15s 0d John Bull, private, £3 15s 0d Timothy Bryan, private, £3 15s 0d Emanuel Bonner, private, £3 15s 0d William Benson, private, £3 15s 0d Benjamin Barclay, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Brown, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Brunsk, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried over, £33 15s 0d Carried over, £1,349 11s 1½d Interpretations John Hill was the corporal of the Castle guard on the night the stores were robbed, 12 March 1771. He lost his rank the next day and was paid as a private from then on. The general court martial for neglect of duty and disobedience had stripped him of his stripes as well as sentencing him to be flogged. The paymaster carried the sentence into the pay list to the day. Every rank's pay was slightly lower than in the previous quarter because January to March counted 90 days against 92. | |
165 | 1771 Brought over £ 1349 11 7½ Private brought over £ 33 15 Mark Balls 3 15 Joseph Beecham 3 15 Stephen Basset 3 15 Edwd. Coker 3 15 Patrick Conner 3 15 John Charlton 3 15 William Coppin 3 15 Anthony Clarke 3 15 Arundell Carnes 3 15 John Coulson 3 15 John Cooker 3 15 John Coleman 3 15 Ralph Clavering 3 15 John Davis 3 15 John Dove 3 15 James Drake 3 15 Adam Evans 3 15 Henry Easter 3 15 John Ellis 3 15 Willm. Fisher 3 15 Willm. French 3 15 Robt. Ford 3 15 Willm. Greenwood 3 15 John Grainger 3 15 Willm. Henderson 3 15 John Houston 3 15 Philip Hayes 3 15 Thos. Houching 3 15 John Harrison 3 15 Jno. Harlett to 13th March Discharged 3 1 8 Edward Hayes 3 15 Willm. Jones 3 15 Thos. Love 3 15 Duncan McLaren Private Carried over £ 160 11 8 Carried over £ 1349 11 7½ | The privates of the First Company continued from £33 15s 0d brought over. Brought over, £1,349 11s 7½d Privates brought over, £33 15s 0d Mark Bell, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Brabson, private, £3 15s 0d Stephen Barrett, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Corker, private, £3 15s 0d Patrick Conner, private, £3 15s 0d John Charlton, private, £3 15s 0d William Coppin, private, £3 15s 0d Anthony Clarke, private, £3 15s 0d Arundel Carrow, private, £3 15s 0d John Coulson, private, £3 15s 0d John Crowder, private, £3 15s 0d John Coleman, private, £3 15s 0d Ralph Chewning, private, £3 15s 0d John Davis, private, £3 15s 0d John Dove, private, £3 15s 0d James Drake, private, £3 15s 0d Adam Evans, private, £3 15s 0d Henry E[...], private, £3 15s 0d John Ellis, private, £3 15s 0d William Fisher, private, £3 15s 0d William French, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Frost, private, £3 15s 0d William Greenwood, private, £3 15s 0d John Grainger, private, £3 15s 0d William Henderson, private, £3 15s 0d John Hunter, private, £3 15s 0d Philip Hayes, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hocking, private, £3 15s 0d John Harrison, private, £3 15s 0d John Hewlett, private, to 13 March 1771, then discharged, £3 1s 8d Edward Hayes, private, £3 15s 0d William Jones, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Love, private, £3 15s 0d Duncan McLaren, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried over, £160 11s 8d Carried over, £1,349 11s 7½d | |
166 | 15th April Brought over £ 1349 11 7½ Private brought over £ 160 11 8 Willm. Mumford 3 15 John McAllister 3 15 James Miller 3 15 Willm. Mudge 3 15 Willm. Page 3 15 John Pitt 3 15 Willm. Robinson 3 15 Thomas Rogers 3 15 Anthony Reynolds 3 15 George Rowe 3 15 Willm. Rowland 3 15 Stephen Redding 3 15 Thos. Roads 3 15 Willm. Swaby 3 15 John Stewart 3 15 Edward Stephenson 3 15 Joseph Stacy 3 15 Willm. Smith 3 15 James Snell 3 15 John Springthorpe 3 15 Gregory Southernwood 3 15 Willm. Saunders 3 15 Christopher Smith 3 15 Willm. Tipper 3 15 John Tanton 3 15 Thos. Townsend 3 15 John Thistlewood 3 15 William Thomas 3 15 Joseph Valentine 3 15 John Willingdale 3 15 Benj. Wise 3 15 Thos. Windall 3 15 George Wall 3 15 Private Carr. over £ 284 6 8 Carr. over £ 1349 11 7½ | The privates of the First Company continued from £160 11s 8d brought over. Brought over, £1,349 11s 7½d Privates brought over, £160 11s 8d William Munford, private, £3 15s 0d John McAllister, private, £3 15s 0d James Miller, private, £3 15s 0d William Mudge, private, £3 15s 0d William Page, private, £3 15s 0d John Pitt, private, £3 15s 0d William Robinson, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Rogers, private, £3 15s 0d Anthony Reynolds, private, £3 15s 0d George Rice, private, £3 15s 0d William Rowland, private, £3 15s 0d Stephen Redding, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Reade, private, £3 15s 0d William Sealy, private, £3 15s 0d John Stewart, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Stephenson, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Stacy, private, £3 15s 0d William Smith, private, £3 15s 0d James Snell, private, £3 15s 0d John Springthorpe, private, £3 15s 0d Gregory Sutherwood, private, £3 15s 0d William Saunders, private, £3 15s 0d Christopher Smith, private, £3 15s 0d William Tipper, private, £3 15s 0d John Tanton, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Townsend, private, £3 15s 0d John Thistlewood, private, £3 15s 0d William Thomas, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Valentine, private, £3 15s 0d John Willingdale, private, £3 15s 0d Benjamin Wise, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Windall, private, £3 15s 0d George Wall, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried over, £284 6s 8d Carried over, £1,349 11s 7½d | |
167 | 1771 Brought over £ 1349 11 7½ Private brought over £ 284 6 8 John Willson 3 15 Bartholomew Welch 3 15 Henry Wood 3 15 Timothy Walton to 14th March £ 3 do. Corpl. from 15th do. 1 1 4 1 John Walters 3 15 John White 3 15 John Wright from 12th Mar. Ent. Transd. 23 10 307 12 8 Second Company vizt. Henry Bazett Captain 59 6 3 Thomas Lambert Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ John Bazett Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. John Salisbury 7 10 William Herrick 7 10 Francis Seale 7 10 Joseph Whaley 7 10 James Glynn 7 10 37 10 Corporals vizt. Joseph McAtency 5 5 Willm. Harris 5 5 William Jones 5 5 Chas. Holloway to 23 March £ 4 15 6 do. Private from 24 do. 6 8 5 2 4 20 17 4 Carried over £ 1848 6 7½ | The privates of the First Company continued from £284 6s 8d brought over. Brought over, £1,349 11s 7½d Privates brought over, £284 6s 8d John Wilson, private, £3 15s 0d Bartholomew Welch, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Wood, private, £3 15s 0d Timothy Walters, as private to 14 March 1771, £3 0s 0d Timothy Walters, as corporal from 15 March 1771, £1 1s 0d Total for Timothy Walters, £4 1s 0d John Walker, private, £3 15s 0d John White, private, £3 15s 0d John Wright, private, enlisted on 12 March 1771 and transferred on 23 March, £0 10s 0d Total for privates of the First Company, £307 12s 8d The pay of the Second Company followed. Henry Bazett, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Lambert, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Lambert, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Lambert, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Lambert, £36 14s 4½d John Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Bazett, £36 14s 4½d John Salisbury, sergeant, £7 10s 0d William Merrick, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Francis Seale, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £7 10s 0d James Glynn, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £37 10s 0d Joseph McKelvey, corporal, £5 5s 0d William Harris, corporal, £5 5s 0d William Jones, corporal, £5 5s 0d Charles Holloway, as corporal to 23 March 1771, £4 15s 8d Charles Holloway, as private from 24 March 1771, £0 6s 8d Total for Charles Holloway, £5 2s 4d Total for corporals, £20 17s 4d Carried over, £1,848 6s 7½d Interpretations The pay list follows the robbery of 12 March 1771 through the ranks. John Hill lost his corporal's stripes on 13 March, and Timothy Walters was promoted to corporal two days later to fill the place. Charles Holloway, the other corporal of the Castle guard that night, was reduced to private on 23 March. Two days afterwards the Council placed him in Robinson's cell to draw him out about the theft. Holloway had already been tried and broken for neglect when he was used as an informer, and he had every reason to earn the Council's favour. | |
168 | 15th April Brought over £ 1848 6 7½ Drummers vizt. John Brown 5 5 Benjamin Seale 5 5 10 10 Private vizt. Thos. Alesworth Senr. 3 15 Thos. Alesworth Junr. 3 15 William Birch 3 15 William Brooks 3 15 Daniel Bye 3 15 Henry Batchelor 3 15 John Blavin 3 15 James Beard 3 15 William Carter 3 15 John Cunningham 3 15 James Challis 3 15 William Dunnan 3 15 John Dailey 3 15 Nicholas Dennis 3 15 William Daniels 3 15 Peter Ellam 3 15 Patrick Elrington 3 15 David Evans 3 15 William England 3 15 John Forbes 3 15 William Fullwood 3 15 John Goodall 3 15 John Gray 3 15 Robert Green 3 15 Philip Gleeson 3 15 Robt. Grosvenor to 23 March £ 3 8 4 do. Corpl. from 24th do. 9 4 3 17 8 Nicholas Godfrey 3 15 David Grant 3 15 Private Carr. over £ 105 2 8 Carr. over £ 1858 16 7½ | The Second Company's pay list continued from £1,848 6s 7½d brought over. Brought over, £1,848 6s 7½d John Brown, drummer, £5 5s 0d Benjamin Seale, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £10 10s 0d Thomas Ainsworth senior, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Ainsworth junior, private, £3 15s 0d William Birch, private, £3 15s 0d William Brooks, private, £3 15s 0d Daniel Bye, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Batchelor, private, £3 15s 0d John Bevan, private, £3 15s 0d James Brand, private, £3 15s 0d William Coster, private, £3 15s 0d John Cunningham, private, £3 15s 0d James Challis, private, £3 15s 0d William Dunnan, private, £3 15s 0d John Darley, private, £3 15s 0d Nicholas Dennis, private, £3 15s 0d William Daniels, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Elliot, private, £3 15s 0d Patrick Etherington, private, £3 15s 0d David Evans, private, £3 15s 0d William England, private, £3 15s 0d John Forbes, private, £3 15s 0d William Fellowes, private, £3 15s 0d John Garside, private, £3 15s 0d John Gray, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Green, private, £3 15s 0d Philip Glover, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Grosvenor, as private to 23 March 1771, £3 8s 4d Richard Grosvenor, as corporal from 24 March 1771, £0 9s 4d Total for Richard Grosvenor, £3 17s 8d Nicholas Godfrey, private, £3 15s 0d David Grant, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried over, £105 2s 8d Carried over, £1,858 16s 7½d Interpretations Richard Grosvenor was promoted to corporal on 24 March 1771, the day after Charles Holloway was reduced. As in the First Company, the vacancy left by the robbery court martial was filled at once from the ranks. Each company kept its full complement of four corporals. | |
169 | 1771 Brought over £ 1858 16 7½ Private brought over £ 105 2 8 John Glenny to 13th March discharged 3 1 8 William Harris 3 15 Samuel Hiles 3 15 John Holbrook 3 15 Saml. Hudson 3 15 Thos. Hailes 3 15 John Ham 3 15 Augustine Hitchcock 3 15 Thos. Hart 3 15 Robt. Hardie 3 15 John Haynge 3 15 Jacob Hirkin 3 15 Thos. Hunt 3 15 Thos. Harrison from 11th March Entd. 17 6 Saml. Inslove 3 15 William Johnson 3 15 John James 3 15 John Jacobs 3 15 John Jones 3 15 Jasper Jefferman from 11th March Entd. 17 6 Saml. Hitson 3 15 Henry Kirkham 3 15 John King 3 15 Willm. Kingscot 3 15 Thos. Little 3 15 John Lockart 3 15 Henry Miller 3 15 John Morrice 3 15 John McCullen 3 15 Willm. McBeath 3 15 Thos. Morgan 3 15 Francs. Mears 3 15 Peter Madan Private Carr. over £ 222 9 4 Carried over £ 1858 16 7½ | The Second Company's privates continued from £105 2s 8d brought over. Brought over, £1,858 16s 7½d Privates brought over, £105 2s 8d John Glynny, private, to 13 March 1771, then discharged, £3 1s 8d William Harris, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Hiles, private, £3 15s 0d John Holbrook, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Hudson, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hiles, private, £3 15s 0d John Ham, private, £3 15s 0d Augustine Hitchcock, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hart, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Hooke, private, £3 15s 0d John Hynge, private, £3 15s 0d Jacob Hiram, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hunt, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Harrison, private, enlisted on 11 March 1771, £0 17s 6d Samuel Inslow, private, £3 15s 0d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d John James, private, £3 15s 0d John Jacobs, private, £3 15s 0d John Jones, private, £3 15s 0d Jasper Jefferson, private, enlisted on 11 March 1771, £0 17s 6d Samuel Kelson, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Kirkham, private, £3 15s 0d John King, private, £3 15s 0d William Kingscot, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Little, private, £3 15s 0d John Lubbart, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Miller, private, £3 15s 0d John Morris, private, £3 15s 0d John McCullen, private, £3 15s 0d William McBeath, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Morgan, private, £3 15s 0d Francis Moss, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Mahan, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried over, £222 9s 4d Carried over, £1,858 16s 7½d Interpretations William Kingscot and Thomas Hart, the two privates the Council had resolved on 8 April 1771 to try by court martial for counterfeiting rupees, drew their full pay for the quarter. Soldiers awaiting trial were not stopped until a sentence was passed. Thomas Harrison and Jasper Jefferson, the two soldiers from Bombay enlisted with a bounty of £5 0s 0d each, joined the Second Company on 11 March 1771. | |
170 | 15th April Brought over £ 1858 16 7½ Private brought over £ 222 9 4 Reves Osborn 3 15 George Oliver 3 15 John Pavy 3 15 Stephen Pryor 3 15 Jacob Peters 3 15 Samuel Packer 3 15 Thos. Palmer 3 15 Thos. Penrea 3 15 John Christian Sharp 3 15 Thos. Stevens to 16 March disch. 3 2 6 Fredk. Shaffer 3 15 John Stevens 3 15 John Vaughan 3 15 Francis Venable 3 15 John Wyrill 3 15 Saml. Warren 3 15 John Wilkinson 3 15 Fras. Jackson to 30 Jany. Died 1 5 286 16 10 Third Company vizt. Richd. Beale Captain 59 6 3 Thomas Bazett Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Thomas Statham Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Richd. Mason Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Carried over £ 2315 2 10 | The Second Company's privates continued from £222 9s 4d brought over. Brought over, £1,858 16s 7½d Privates brought over, £222 9s 4d Reeves Osborne, private, £3 15s 0d George Oliver, private, £3 15s 0d John Perry, private, £3 15s 0d Stephen Pryor, private, £3 15s 0d Jacob Peters, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Parker, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Palmer, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Pounce, private, £3 15s 0d John Christian Strupp, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Powers, private, to 16 March 1771, then discharged, £3 2s 6d Frederick Shaffer, private, £3 15s 0d John Mears, private, £3 15s 0d John Vaughan, private, £3 15s 0d Francis Verall, private, £3 15s 0d John Wyatt, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Warren, private, £3 15s 0d John Wilkinson, private, £3 15s 0d Francis Jackson, private, to 30 January 1771, when he died, £1 5s 0d Total for privates of the Second Company, £286 16s 10d The pay of the Third Company followed. Richard Beale, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Statham, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Statham, £36 14s 4½d Richard Mason, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Richard Mason, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Richard Mason, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Richard Mason, £36 14s 4½d Carried over, £2,315 2s 10d | |
171 | 1771 Brought over £ 2315 2 10 Sergeants vizt. Willm. Clifton 7 10 James Goudy @ 2/8 12 David Scott 7 10 Thomas Hughs 7 10 John Jacks to 20th March red. £ 6 11 2 do. Centinel from 21 do. 9 2 7 10 41 10 10 Corporals vizt. Willm. Hill to 21 March £ 4 12 2 do. Sergeant from do. 18 4 5 10 6 William Hamilton 5 5 Thos. Nash 5 5 George Short 5 5 21 5 6 Drummers vizt. George Varney 5 5 John Martin 5 5 10 10 Private vizt. James Anderson 3 15 Richd. Ashford 3 15 John Arden 3 15 Jacob Brill 3 15 John Blinkhorn 3 15 Fredk. William Beard 3 15 James Brown 3 15 John Bullbrook 3 15 Robt. Barff 3 15 Abel Bagnel to 13th March discharged 3 1 8 Joseph Burston from 19 do. Entd. 10 10 John Cook 3 15 Philip Cook Private Carr. over £ 41 7 6 Carr. over £ 2388 9 2 | The Third Company's pay list continued from £2,315 2s 10d brought over. Brought over, £2,315 2s 10d William Clifton, sergeant, £7 10s 0d James Goudy, sergeant, at 2s 8d a day, £12 0s 0d David Scott, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Thomas Hughes, sergeant, £7 10s 0d John Jacks, as sergeant to 20 March 1771, then reduced in rank, £6 11s 8d John Jacks, as corporal from 21 March 1771, £0 9s 2d Total for John Jacks, £7 0s 10d Total for sergeants, £41 10s 10d William Hill, as corporal to 21 March 1771, £4 12s 2d William Hill, as sergeant from the same date, £0 18s 4d Total for William Hill, £5 10s 6d William Hamilton, corporal, £5 5s 0d Thomas Wade, corporal, £5 5s 0d George Short, corporal, £5 5s 0d Total for corporals, £21 5s 6d George Harvey, drummer, £5 5s 0d John Martin, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £10 10s 0d James Anderson, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Ashford, private, £3 15s 0d John Arden, private, £3 15s 0d Jacob Brett, private, £3 15s 0d John Blackburn, private, £3 15s 0d Frederick William Beard, private, £3 15s 0d James Brown, private, £3 15s 0d John Bullbrook, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Barff, private, £3 15s 0d Abel Ingall, private, to 13 March 1771, then discharged, £3 1s 8d Joseph Breston, private, enlisted on 19 March 1771, £0 10s 10d John Cook, private, £3 15s 0d Philip Cook, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried over, £44 17s 6d Carried over, £2,388 9s 2d Interpretations James Goudy's higher pay was explained here as a daily rate of 2s 8d, against the 1s 8d on which the other sergeants' £7 10s 0d a quarter was reckoned. His extra shilling a day probably went with a senior duty such as sergeant-major of the company. John Jacks was reduced from sergeant to corporal on 21 March 1771, and William Hill rose to sergeant the same day to replace him. A reduction in one company set off a promotion in the same company at once, which kept every rank at full strength. | |
172 | 15th March Brought over £ 2388 9 2 Private brought over £ 44 17 6 Thomas Connell 3 15 Robert Curtis 3 15 Benj. Courtney 3 15 John Corbet 3 15 Maurice Downey 3 15 Robt. Downs 3 15 Willm. Edwards 3 15 Charles Edgelo 3 15 Thos. Elliott 3 15 Archd. Graham to 13th March discharged 3 1 8 Felix Hyder 3 15 William Hopkins 3 15 Thomas Hillock 3 15 Joseph Holloway 3 15 Mannard Hayes 3 15 Peter Higgins 3 15 Edward Hazell 3 15 John Hilliard 3 15 Thomas Hayes 3 15 Saml. Harsant 3 15 John Hew 3 15 William Hardie 3 15 James Hadley from 19th March Entd. 10 10 Willm. Foster to 13th March disch. 3 1 8 Robert Johnson 3 15 Richd. Johnson 3 15 Willm. Johnson 3 15 Saml. Johnson 3 15 John Johnson 3 15 Bryan Lynch 3 15 Edward Lambing 3 15 George Lockram 3 15 John Lane 3 15 Richd. Moyce 3 15 Private Carr. over £ 167 16 8 Carr. over £ 2388 9 2 | The Third Company's privates continued from £44 17s 6d brought over. Brought over, £2,388 9s 2d Privates brought over, £44 17s 6d Thomas Cornwall, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Crook, private, £3 15s 0d Benjamin Courtney, private, £3 15s 0d John Corbet, private, £3 15s 0d Maurice Downey, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Davis, private, £3 15s 0d William Edwards, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Edgell, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Elliot, private, £3 15s 0d Archibald Graham, private, to 13 March 1771, then discharged, £3 1s 8d Peter Hyde, private, £3 15s 0d William Holden, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hillock, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Holloway, private, £3 15s 0d Maynard Hays, private, £3 15s 0d Peter Higgins, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Hazell, private, £3 15s 0d John Hilliard, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hayes, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Howard, private, £3 15s 0d John Howe, private, £3 15s 0d William Hardie, private, £3 15s 0d James Hadley, private, enlisted on 19 March 1771, £0 10s 10d William Foster, private, to 13 March 1771, then discharged, £3 1s 8d Robert Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d John Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d Bryan Lynch, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Lambson, private, £3 15s 0d George Littleton, private, £3 15s 0d John Lane, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Moyce, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried over, £167 16s 8d Carried over, £2,388 9s 2d Interpretations Several men were discharged on the same day, 13 March 1771: John Hewlett, John Glynny, Abel Ingall, Archibald Graham and William Foster across three companies. Their contracted terms had probably run out together, and the homeward ships then in the road offered them a passage to England. Within a week the Council enlisted replacements, among them the soldiers from Bombay and men such as James Hadley and Joseph Breston on 19 March. The homeward season was when the garrison changed its men, losing time-expired soldiers to the ships and taking on new ones from them. | |
173 | 1771 Brought over £ 2388 9 2 Private brought over £ 167 16 8 Thos. Morris 3 15 Abraham Major 3 15 Joseph Martin 3 15 Thos. Matthews 3 15 Willm. Medcalf 3 15 Charles Mattis 3 15 John Merrill 3 15 Abraham Miller 3 15 Thos. Perry 3 15 Willm. Perkis 3 15 David Patton 3 15 James Proctor 3 15 Richd. Penny 3 15 Saml. Redding 3 15 James Royer 3 15 Robert Stack 3 15 Adam Scott 3 15 William Smith 3 15 Arthur Shell 3 15 John Shurland 3 15 Richd. Slaughter 3 15 Richd. Spike 3 15 Jno. Slade to 16th March discharged 3 2 6 John Thompson Senr. 3 15 James Taylor 3 15 George Towns 3 15 John Thompson Junr. 3 15 John Sharp from 19th March Entered 10 10 Richd. Vincent 3 15 Thos. Ward 3 15 Hatton Walker £ 3 5 10 do. as Corpl. 12 10 3 18 8 Saml. York 3 15 James Hinds 3 15 287 18 8 Carried over £ 2676 7 10 | The Third Company's privates continued from £167 16s 8d brought over. Brought over, £2,388 9s 2d Privates brought over, £167 16s 8d Thomas Morris, private, £3 15s 0d Abraham Myer, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph Martin, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Matthews, private, £3 15s 0d William Medcalf, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Morris, private, £3 15s 0d John Morrell, private, £3 15s 0d Abraham Miller, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Parry, private, £3 15s 0d William Parker, private, £3 15s 0d David Patten, private, £3 15s 0d James Procter, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Penney, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Redding, private, £3 15s 0d James Royer, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Stack, private, £3 15s 0d Adam Scott, private, £3 15s 0d William Smith, private, £3 15s 0d Arthur Still, private, £3 15s 0d John Sharland, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Slaughter, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Stile, private, £3 15s 0d John Slade, private, to 16 March 1771, then discharged, £3 2s 6d John Thompson senior, private, £3 15s 0d James Taylor, private, £3 15s 0d George Towns, private, £3 15s 0d John Thompson junior, private, £3 15s 0d John Sharp, private, enlisted on 19 March 1771, £0 10s 10d Richard Vincent, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Ward, private, £3 15s 0d Hatton Walker, as private, £3 5s 10d Hatton Walker, as corporal, £0 12s 10d Total for Hatton Walker, £3 18s 8d Samuel York, private, £3 15s 0d James Hurst, private, £3 15s 0d Total for privates of the Third Company, £287 18s 8d Carried over, £2,676 7s 10d Interpretations William Medcalf, one of the sentries who slept through his turn on the night of the robbery, drew his full pay for the quarter. Only the two corporals of that guard lost rank. The private who left his post was sentenced by the court martial, but his punishment fell on his back, not his pay. Hatton Walker's promotion to corporal filled the place left when John Jacks dropped from sergeant and William Hill moved up. | |
174 | 15th April Brought over £ 2676 7 10 Fourth Company vizt. John Howard Captain 59 6 3 Saml. Desfountain Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ James Greentree Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Robert Garling Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. John Moore 7 10 John Deale 7 10 John Ivey 7 10 Thos. Williams 7 10 Thos. Hilock 7 10 37 10 Corporals vizt. George Wood 5 5 Benj. Girard 5 5 Willm. Sharpe 5 5 George Smith 5 5 21 Drummers vizt. James Moya 5 5 John Harper 5 5 10 10 Private vizt. John Allen 3 15 George Bennet 3 15 Private Carr. over £ 7 10 Carried over £ 2914 17 2½ | The pay of the Fourth Company followed, continuing from £2,676 7s 10d brought over. Brought over, £2,676 7s 10d John Howard, captain, £59 6s 3d Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Samuel Desfountain, £36 14s 4½d James Greentree, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d James Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d James Greentree, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Greentree, £36 14s 4½d Robert Gosling, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Robert Gosling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Gosling, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Gosling, £36 14s 4½d John Moore, sergeant, £7 10s 0d John Leach, sergeant, £7 10s 0d John Terry, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Thomas Williams, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Thomas Pollock, sergeant, £7 10s 0d Total for sergeants, £37 10s 0d George Ward, corporal, £5 5s 0d Benjamin Seward, corporal, £5 5s 0d William Sharp, corporal, £5 5s 0d George Smith, corporal, £5 5s 0d Total for corporals, £21 0s 0d James Moyse, drummer, £5 5s 0d John Harper, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £10 10s 0d John Allen, private, £3 15s 0d George Bennet, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried over, £7 10s 0d Carried over, £2,914 17s 2½d | |
175 | 1771 Brought over £ 2914 17 2½ Private Brought over £ 7 10 Joseph Blackwell 3 15 John Bowler 3 15 William Blackman 3 15 Thomas Bailey 3 15 Richd. Bickerstaff 3 15 James Boyce 3 15 Willm. Caleb Baldwin 3 15 Willm. Cockney 3 15 Duncan Cammeron 3 15 Richd. Clax 3 15 Josiah Cummings 3 15 John Coleman 3 15 Thos. Christian 3 15 John Campion 3 15 Saml. Clare 3 15 Thos. Dawson 3 15 James Dennis 3 15 Fras. Flynn 3 15 Charles Field 3 15 Henry Friendly 3 15 Thos. Ferris 3 15 Willm. Fairclif 3 15 George Green 3 15 John Gillmore 3 15 Edward German 3 15 John Hyson to 16 March disch. 3 2 6 Henry Hemmberg 3 15 Roger Hayden 3 15 Henry Hamilton 3 15 Thomas Hilliard 3 15 Robert Harmer 3 15 William Hales 3 15 Christian Johnson 3 15 Thos. Johnson Private Carr. over £ 134 7 6 Carr. over £ 2914 17 2½ | The Fourth Company's privates continued from £7 10s 0d brought over. Brought over, £2,914 17s 2½d Privates brought over, £7 10s 0d Joseph Blackwell, private, £3 15s 0d John Bowler, private, £3 15s 0d William Blackman, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Bailey, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Bickerstaff, private, £3 15s 0d James Boyce, private, £3 15s 0d William Caleb Baldwin, private, £3 15s 0d William Cooksey, private, £3 15s 0d Duncan Cannon, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Close, private, £3 15s 0d Isaac Cummings, private, £3 15s 0d John Coleman, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Christian, private, £3 15s 0d John Cooper, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Clan, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Dawson, private, £3 15s 0d James Dennis, private, £3 15s 0d Francis Flynn, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Field, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Friendly, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Ferris, private, £3 15s 0d William Fairclough, private, £3 15s 0d George Green, private, £3 15s 0d John Gilmore, private, £3 15s 0d Edward Gorman, private, £3 15s 0d John Hynes, private, to 16 March 1771, then discharged, £3 2s 6d Henry Greenbury, private, £3 15s 0d Roger Hayden, private, £3 15s 0d Henry Hamilton, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Hilliard, private, £3 15s 0d Robert Haynes, private, £3 15s 0d William Hoyle, private, £3 15s 0d Christopher Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Johnson, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried over, £134 7s 6d Carried over, £2,914 17s 2½d Interpretations John Bowler, who received 12s 6d in the last quarter of 1770 for capturing a runaway slave woman, appears here as an ordinary private on £3 15s 0d a quarter. That one reward came to a sixth of his pay for three months. The scale of the bounty against a soldier's wage explains why recapturing fugitives was worth a private's while. | |
176 | 15th April Brought over £ 2914 17 2½ Private brought over £ 134 7 6 John Joyce 3 15 James Jordan 3 15 John Jones 3 15 Richd. Kempton 3 15 Michl. Kenny 3 15 Thos. Lyne 3 15 Charles Lewellen 3 15 Timothy Larry 3 15 Murdock McCloud 3 15 John Moyce 3 15 Thos. McDearman 3 15 Robt. May 3 15 Willm. Morgan 3 15 Jona. Mallet 3 15 John Moya 3 15 Richd. Mundies to 16 March disch. 3 2 6 John Newton 3 15 James Newport 3 15 John Oswald 3 15 Daniel Patrick 3 15 William Parker 3 15 Thos. Pritchard 3 15 John Pink 3 15 John Phair 3 15 James Richardson 3 15 John Shaw 3 15 Willm. Scotman 3 15 Willm. Steadman 3 15 James Sax 3 15 Charles Smith 3 15 James Stoppard 3 15 William Taylor 3 15 William Tucker 3 15 Private Carr. over £ 257 10 Carried over £ 2914 17 2½ | The Fourth Company's privates continued from £134 7s 6d brought over. Brought over, £2,914 17s 2½d Privates brought over, £134 7s 6d John Joyce, private, £3 15s 0d James Jordan, private, £3 15s 0d John Jones, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Kempton, private, £3 15s 0d Michael Leary, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Lyne, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Lucken, private, £3 15s 0d Timothy Lacy, private, £3 15s 0d Murdock McLeod, private, £3 15s 0d John Moyes, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas McDurman, private, £3 15s 0d Robert May, private, £3 15s 0d William Morgan, private, £3 15s 0d James Mallet, private, £3 15s 0d John Meyer, private, £3 15s 0d Richard Munday, private, to 16 March 1771, then discharged, £3 2s 6d John Newton, private, £3 15s 0d James Newport, private, £3 15s 0d John Oswald, private, £3 15s 0d Daniel Patrick, private, £3 15s 0d William Parker, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Prichard, private, £3 15s 0d John Peck, private, £3 15s 0d John Rose, private, £3 15s 0d James Richardson, private, £3 15s 0d John Shaw, private, £3 15s 0d William Scotman, private, £3 15s 0d William Stedman, private, £3 15s 0d James Sea, private, £3 15s 0d Charles Smith, private, £3 15s 0d James Stoppard, private, £3 15s 0d William Taylor, private, £3 15s 0d William Tucker, private, £3 15s 0d Privates carried over, £257 10s 0d Carried over, £2,914 17s 2½d | |
177 | 1771 Brought over £ 2914 17 2½ Private brought over £ 257 10 John Tolliddel to 24 March Died 3 9 2 Stephen Vanderbont 3 15 William Waite 3 15 Thos. Watts 3 15 James Willson 3 15 Saml. Willson 3 15 Peter White 3 15 John Wood 3 15 Joseph West 3 15 290 19 2 Artillery Company vizt. James Tippet Capt. 59 6 3 Thos. Leech Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ John Shirley Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Robt. Gibson Lieut. 27 7 6 do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Sergeants vizt. John Whitchurch 9 John Turner 9 James Parfett 9 Thos. Jones 9 36 Corporals vizt. Sedgwick Wetherall 6 15 Benj. Holmes 6 15 Saml. Ringrose 6 15 James Waller 6 15 27 Carried over £ 3438 5 9 | The Fourth Company's privates continued from £257 10s 0d brought over. Brought over, £2,914 17s 2½d Privates brought over, £257 10s 0d John Totterdale, private, to 24 March 1771, when he died, £3 9s 2d Stephen Vanderhavel, private, £3 15s 0d William Wait, private, £3 15s 0d Thomas Wilder, private, £3 15s 0d James Willian, private, £3 15s 0d Samuel Wilson, private, £3 15s 0d Peter White, private, £3 15s 0d John Wood, private, £3 15s 0d Joseph West, private, £3 15s 0d Total for privates of the Fourth Company, £290 19s 2d The pay of the Artillery Company followed. James Tippet, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Lock, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Lock, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Lock, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Lock, £36 14s 4½d John Shelley, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d John Shelley, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Shelley, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Shelley, £36 14s 4½d Robert Gillon, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Robert Gillon, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Gillon, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Gillon, £36 14s 4½d John Whitchurch, sergeant, £9 0s 0d John Turner, sergeant, £9 0s 0d James Pickett, sergeant, £9 0s 0d Thomas Jones, sergeant, £9 0s 0d Total for sergeants, £36 0s 0d Sedgwick Bothwell, corporal, £6 15s 0d Benjamin Holmes, corporal, £6 15s 0d Samuel Ringrose, corporal, £6 15s 0d James Walker, corporal, £6 15s 0d Total for corporals, £27 0s 0d Carried over, £3,438 9s 9d | |
178 | 15th April Brought over £ 3438 5 9 Bombardiers vizt. William Pink 6 15 William Crabb 6 15 John Fox 6 15 William Stapleford 6 15 27 Gunners vizt. John Smith 6 Thomas Yates 6 William Rankin 6 William Harper 6 Joseph Griffiths 6 John Towers 6 Andrew Tedrick £ 4 6 8 do. Matross 1 5 5 11 8 Philip Connaway 6 47 11 8 Drummers vizt. Joseph Purdy 5 5 Joseph Branston 5 5 10 10 Matrosses vizt. Charles Abraham £ 3 5 do. as Gunner 1 13 4 4 18 4 William Allen 4 10 Benj. Burton 4 10 William Blavin 4 10 Joseph Bowman 4 10 Thos. Brown 4 10 Matrosses Carr. over £ 27 8 4 Carried over £ 3523 7 5 | The Artillery Company's pay list continued from £3,438 5s 9d brought over. Brought over, £3,438 5s 9d William Pink, bombardier, £6 15s 0d William Crabb, bombardier, £6 15s 0d John Fox, bombardier, £6 15s 0d William Stapleford, bombardier, £6 15s 0d Total for bombardiers, £27 0s 0d John Smith, gunner, £6 0s 0d Thomas Yates, gunner, £6 0s 0d William Rankin, gunner, £6 0s 0d William Harper, gunner, £6 0s 0d Joseph Griffiths, gunner, £6 0s 0d John Towers, gunner, £6 0s 0d Andrew Pidcock, as gunner, £4 6s 3d Andrew Pidcock, as matross, £1 5s 5d Total for Andrew Pidcock, £5 11s 8d Philip Conway, gunner, £6 0s 0d Total for gunners, £47 11s 8d Joseph Pride, drummer, £5 5s 0d Joseph Branston, drummer, £5 5s 0d Total for drummers, £10 10s 0d Charles Abrahams, as matross, £3 5s 0d Charles Abrahams, as gunner, £1 8s 4d Total for Charles Abrahams, £4 13s 4d William Allen, matross, £4 10s 0d Benjamin Braxton, matross, £4 10s 0d William Blevin, matross, £4 10s 0d Joseph Bowman, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Bowen, matross, £4 10s 0d Matrosses carried over, £27 3s 4d Carried over, £3,523 7s 5d Interpretations Andrew Pidcock was reduced from gunner to matross during the quarter, and Charles Abrahams rose from matross to gunner at the same point. A gunner's place carried higher pay, and the artillery kept a fixed number of them, so one man's fall made room for another's rise. Joseph Branston, the drummer committed for further examination over the robbery and released on 1 April 1771, drew his full pay for the quarter. His detention had not been treated as a punishment, so his pay was never stopped. | |
179 | 1771 Brought over £ 3523 7 5 Matrosses brought over £ 27 8 4 John Cope 4 10 Robert Cunningham 4 10 Matthew Craven 4 10 Matthew Charlton 4 10 John Coleman 4 10 William Durham 4 10 James Dunn 4 10 James Dawson 4 10 John Dous 4 10 William Dowsing 4 10 Willm. Emmerson 4 10 John Euston 4 10 Joseph Fellows 4 10 Christian Grunewald 4 10 Thos. Gorrell 4 10 Thos. Green Senr. 4 10 James Gillmore 4 10 Henry Gray 4 10 Thos. Green Junr. 4 10 James Griffiths 4 10 William Gibson 4 10 Owen Howard 4 10 Alexander Henderson 4 10 Francis Harding 4 10 Miles Hopper 4 10 William Jenkins 4 10 John Lawson 4 10 George Marshall 4 10 John Moore 4 10 Richd. Morgan 4 10 John Mann 4 10 James Miller Matrosses Carr. over £ 171 8 4 Carried over £ 3523 7 5 | The Artillery Company's matrosses continued from £27 3s 4d brought over. Brought over, £3,523 7s 5d Matrosses brought over, £27 3s 4d John Cope, matross, £4 10s 0d Robert Cunningham, matross, £4 10s 0d Matthew Craven, matross, £4 10s 0d Matthew Charlton, matross, £4 10s 0d John Coleman, matross, £4 10s 0d William Durham, matross, £4 10s 0d James Dunn, matross, £4 10s 0d James Dawson, matross, £4 10s 0d John Dowes, matross, £4 10s 0d William Downing, matross, £4 10s 0d William Emerson, matross, £4 10s 0d John Easton, matross, £4 10s 0d Joseph Fellows, matross, £4 10s 0d Christian Grunewald, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Garrett, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Green senior, matross, £4 10s 0d James Gilmore, matross, £4 10s 0d Henry Grey, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Green junior, matross, £4 10s 0d James Griffiths, matross, £4 10s 0d William Gorson, matross, £4 10s 0d Owen Howard, matross, £4 10s 0d Alexander Henderson, matross, £4 10s 0d Francis Harding, matross, £4 10s 0d Mathias Hoffer, matross, £4 10s 0d William Jenkins, matross, £4 10s 0d John Lawson, matross, £4 10s 0d George Marshall, matross, £4 10s 0d John Moore, matross, £4 10s 0d Richard Morgan, matross, £4 10s 0d John Mann, matross, £4 10s 0d James Miller, matross, £4 10s 0d Matrosses carried over, £171 3s 4d Carried over, £3,523 7s 5d | |
180 | 15th April Brought over £ 3523 7 5 Matrosses brought over £ 171 8 4 Thos. Mathers to 24 March Died 4 Thos. Nimble 4 10 Isaac Newland 4 10 Robert Nicholls 4 10 William Philips 4 10 James Peacock 4 10 John Parker 4 10 Richd. Pearce 4 10 William Robinson 4 10 Robert Petty 4 10 Andrew Scooner 4 10 Godfrey Smith 4 10 Stephen Swartsen 4 10 Willm. Shore 4 10 Saml. Smith 4 10 George Steel 4 10 Richd. Waterhouse 4 10 John Willson 4 10 Saml. Wood 4 10 John White 4 10 Thos. Watson 4 10 Thos. Williams 4 10 Willm. Weeden 4 10 John Wright from 23 March Entd. 10 274 18 4 Pensioners vizt. Nathan Sampell 13 15 11 Michael Frost 13 15 11 Mary Beale 7 10 Eliz. Kennedy 7 10 John Lemon 3 8 3 46 1 £ 3844 5 10 | The Artillery Company's matrosses continued from £171 3s 4d brought over. Brought over, £3,523 7s 5d Matrosses brought over, £171 3s 4d Thomas Matthews, matross, to 21 March 1771, when he died, £4 0s 0d Thomas Nimble, matross, £4 10s 0d Evan Rowland, matross, £4 10s 0d Robert Nichols, matross, £4 10s 0d William Phillips, matross, £4 10s 0d James Peacock, matross, £4 10s 0d John Parker, matross, £4 10s 0d Richard Pearce, matross, £4 10s 0d William Robinson, matross, £4 10s 0d Robert Riley, matross, £4 10s 0d Andrew Seaver, matross, £4 10s 0d Godfrey Smith, matross, £4 10s 0d Stephen Smithson, matross, £4 10s 0d William More, matross, £4 10s 0d Samuel Smith, matross, £4 10s 0d George Frost, matross, £4 10s 0d Richard Waterhouse, matross, £4 10s 0d John Wilson, matross, £4 10s 0d Samuel Wood, matross, £4 10s 0d John White, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Watson, matross, £4 10s 0d Thomas Williams, matross, £4 10s 0d William Winder, matross, £4 10s 0d John Wright, matross, transferred on 23 March 1771, £0 10s 0d Total for matrosses, £274 18s 4d The list closed with the Company's pensioners. Nathan Campbell, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Michael Frost, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Mary Beale, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Bennet, pensioner, £7 10s 0d John Lemon, pensioner, £3 8s 3d Total for pensioners, £46 0s 1d Total of the pay list, £3,844 5s 10d Interpretations John Wright enlisted on 12 March 1771 with a bounty of £5 0s 0d and was entered in the First Company. Eleven days later he moved to the artillery as a matross, at higher pay. The Council evidently judged him fit for the guns as soon as it had seen him, and the artillery needed a man after Thomas Matthews died on 21 March. The pay list for the quarter came to £3,844 5s 10d, a little below the £3,896 8s 8d of the last quarter of 1770. The fall came mainly from the shorter quarter of 90 days. Discharges, deaths and reductions in rank were almost exactly balanced by new enlistments and promotions, and the garrison kept its strength through the homeward season. | |
181 | Dr. William Wrangham Paymaster Cr. 1771 March 31 To Cash received from the Chest £ 4709 5 8 Carr. over £ 4704 5 8 1771 Jany. 28th By Cash paid William Mumford for taking a Runaway Woman who had absconded above a fortnight 1 5 Feby. 4th By do. paid Robert Cunningham for making Flags as follow vizt. 1 Union Flag for the Main Fort £ 1 5 1 do. for the Ridge House 15 1 do. for Prosperous Bay 15 mending Flags at sundry times 6 3 1 By do. paid for the following for the Compy. Table vizt. 11 doz. Eggs £ 16 6 12 Onions 6 2 doz. Fowls 1 16 2 Pigs 10 173¾ Beef 3 12 5 32½ Pork 16 3 7 17 2 Carried over £ 12 3 2 Margin Notes: 1771 | The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster for the quarter recorded one receipt. Cash received from the treasury chest on 31 March 1771, £4,704 5s 8d Carried over, £4,704 5s 8d The credit side began with the following payments. Paid on 28 January 1771 to William Munford for capturing a runaway woman who had been gone more than a fortnight, £1 5s 0d Paid on 4 February to Robert Cunningham for making a Union flag for the main fort, £1 5s 0d Paid to Robert Cunningham for making a Union flag for the Ridge House, £0 15s 0d Paid to Robert Cunningham for making a Union flag for Prosperous Bay, £0 15s 0d Paid to Robert Cunningham for mending flags at various times, £0 6s 0d Total for flags, £3 1s 0d Eggs for the Company's table, 11 dozen, £0 16s 6d Onions for the Company's table, 12, £0 6s 0d Fowls for the Company's table, 2 dozen, £1 16s 0d Pigs for the Company's table, 2, £0 10s 0d Beef for the Company's table, 173¾ lb, £3 12s 5d Pork for the Company's table, 32½ lb, £0 16s 3d Total for provisions, £7 17s 2d Carried over, £12 3s 2d Interpretations William Munford, a private of the First Company, received £1 5s 0d for bringing in a slave woman who had been missing for more than a fortnight. John Bowler had been paid half that sum in the last quarter of 1770 for a woman gone about a fortnight. The reward evidently rose with the length of the absence. A slave who stayed out longer was harder to find, and the Company paid more to have her brought back. Robert Cunningham, a matross, made the new Union flags for the main fort, the Ridge House and Prosperous Bay from the bunting issued to the fortifications in the same quarter. The flags marked the three chief signal posts, from the Castle to the outlook above the windward landing. A soldier with a needle saved the Company the cost of flags sent out from England. | |
182 | 15th April Dr. William Wrangham 1771 March 31st Brought over £ 4709 5 8 Carried Over £ 4709 5 8 | The paymaster's debit page again carried William Wrangham's single receipt forward without any new entries. Brought over on 31 March 1771, £4,709 5s 8d Carried over, £4,709 5s 8d | |
183 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1771 Brought over £ 12 3 2 Feby. 11th By Cash paid Peter for taking a runaway Slave who had Absconded above a Fortnight 1 5 28 By do. paid for the following for the Compy. Table vizt. 3½ doz. Eggs £ 5 3 3 Pigs 15 12 Turkeys 3 18 Fowls 1 7 158 Beef 3 5 10 8 13 1 By do. paid Adam Evans for stuffing & repairing Saddles for the Governor 1 6 March 11th By do. pd. for taking a runaway Slave who had absconded above a Fortnight 1 5 By do. paid 73¾ days Stone Layers Work in making a new Water course and inclosing a Piece of back Ground to one of the Company's Houses 11 1 3 By do. paid 654¾ Days Labr. Work for do. 32 14 9 15 By do. paid Capt. Rogers for the Passage of the following Invalid Soldiers to England vizt. Abel Bagnell £ 5 Archd. Graham 5 William Foster 5 John Glenney 5 Wm. Hasleock 5 25 By do. paid for 1344 Brimstone at 2 pr. lb. 11 4 By do. paid Capt. Carr of Ship Greenwich for the Passage of John Slade, John Hyson, Richd. Mundies and Thos. Stevens four Invalid Sold. to England 20 17 By do. paid do. for 1229 Ps. Salt Provisions 122 18 By do. paid do. for 2 1 18 Wheat 16 17 6 By do. paid 47 Days Work in bringing Stores from the Crane &c. from Ships Greenwich & Prince of Wales 2 7 Carried over £ 266 14 9 | The credit side of the paymaster's account continued from £12 3s 2d brought over. Brought over, £12 3s 2d Paid on 11 February 1771 to Peter for capturing a runaway slave who had been gone more than a fortnight, £1 5s 0d Eggs for the Company's table on 28 February, 3½ dozen, £0 5s 3d Pigs for the Company's table, 3, £0 15s 0d Turkeys for the Company's table, 12, £3 0s 0d Fowls for the Company's table, 18, £1 7s 0d Beef for the Company's table, 158 lb, £3 5s 10d Total for provisions, £8 13s 1d Paid to Adam Evans for stuffing and repairing the Governor's saddles, £1 6s 0d Paid on 11 March for capturing a runaway slave who had been gone more than a fortnight, £1 5s 0d Stone layers' work making a new watercourse and enclosing a piece of waste ground beside one of the Company's houses, 73¾ days, £11 1s 3d Labourers' work on the same, 654¾ days, £32 14s 9d Paid on 15 March to Captain Rogers for the passage to England of Abel Ingall, an invalid soldier, £5 0s 0d Paid to Captain Rogers for the passage of Archibald Graham, an invalid soldier, £5 0s 0d Paid to Captain Rogers for the passage of William Foster, an invalid soldier, £5 0s 0d Paid to Captain Rogers for the passage of John Glynny, an invalid soldier, £5 0s 0d Paid to Captain Rogers for the passage of [...] Hewlett, an invalid soldier, £5 0s 0d Total for passages on the Earl of Middlesex, £25 0s 0d Brimstone, 1,344 lb at 2d a pound, £11 4s 0d Paid to Captain Carr of the Greenwich for the passage to England of John Slade, John Hynes, Richard Munday and Thomas Powers, four invalid soldiers, £20 0s 0d Paid to Captain Carr on 17 March for salt provisions, 1,229 pieces, £122 18s 0d Paid to Captain Carr for wheat, 24 cwt 1 qr 18 lb, £16 17s 6d Work bringing stores from the crane and from the ships Greenwich and Prince of Wales, 47 days, £2 7s 0d Carried over, £266 14s 9d Interpretations The men discharged on 13 and 16 March 1771 were invalids, not soldiers whose terms had expired. The Company paid £5 0s 0d a head for their passage home in the Earl of Middlesex and the Greenwich, more than a private's pay for a full quarter. Sending worn-out men back to England at its own cost relieved the island of soldiers who could no longer serve but would otherwise have stayed on the pension list or fallen on the parish. John Glynny, who had petitioned in November 1770 about James Hogg's estate, was among them. A third runaway in as many months brought another reward of £1 5s 0d, this time to Peter, probably a slave himself, since he was given no surname. The payments to soldiers and slaves alike for returning fugitives show how regular such escapes had become in the drought year. | |
184 | 15th April Dr. William Wrangham 1771 March 31st Brought over £ 4709 5 8 Carried over £ 4709 5 8 | William Wrangham's receipt from the chest ran on to a further page, again with no new entries. Brought over on 31 March 1771, £4,709 5s 8d Carried over, £4,709 5s 8d | |
185 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1771 Brought over £ 266 14 9 March 28th By Cash paid the Clerk of the Peace & Cryer of the Court 12 6 By do. paid the Clerk of the Peace for taking two Informations 7 4 By do. paid the Fife Major for teaching the young Fifers 2 5 By do. paid the following discharged Soldiers Subsistance at 6 pr. Day vizt. Sutton Isaacs 119 Days £ 2 19 6 Patrick Newland 119 do. 2 19 6 5 19 By do. paid John Sharpe, Joseph Burston and James Hadley 3 Deserters left out of the Duke of Cumberland 15 days subsistance each at 6 pr. day 1 2 6 By do. paid Noqueda Poculum & Massfunge their Allowance for Salt Meat & House Rent 6 11 By do. paid Thomas Jordan for Mowing in the Long Wood 77 Days @ 1 pr. Day 3 17 By do. paid for redeeming one of the Company's Hogs that was Pounded According to Advertisement 5 By do. paid for the following for the Compy. Table vizt. 3 doz. Eggs £ 4 6 2 Pigs 10 7¼ Pork 3 9 1 Firkin Butter 3 10 144 Beef 3 150 Apples 12 8 3 By do. paid William Jenkins for baking 133 Batches Bread for the Garrison 11 18 4 By do. paid the Constable for Rats and Mice destroyed 5 14 1 By do. paid the Lieut. Governor for Mutton 3 By do. paid for Grinding Wheat for the use of the Castle 13 By do. paid for 2 Table Cloths 2 Layers Ware & 24 Napkins for the use of the Castle 15 Carried over £ 331 19 9 | The credit side of the paymaster's account continued from £266 14s 9d brought over. Brought over, £266 14s 9d Paid on 28 March 1771 to the clerk of the peace and the crier of the court, £0 12s 6d Paid to the clerk of the peace for taking two informations, £0 7s 4d Paid to the fife major for teaching the young fifers, £2 5s 0d Subsistence for Tatton Jacks, a discharged soldier, 119 days at 6d a day, £2 19s 6d Subsistence for Patrick Rowland, a discharged soldier, 119 days at 6d a day, £2 19s 6d Total for discharged soldiers' subsistence, £5 19s 0d Subsistence for John Sharp, Joseph Breston and James Hadley, three deserters left by the Duke of Cumberland, 15 days each at 6d a day, £1 2s 6d Paid to Nuquada, Pocalun and Masfanger as their allowance for salt meat and house rent, £6 11s 0d Paid to Thomas Jordan for mowing at Longwood, 77 days at 1s a day, £3 17s 0d Paid to redeem one of the Company's hogs impounded under the published notice, £0 5s 0d Eggs for the Company's table, 3 dozen, £0 4s 6d Pigs for the Company's table, 2, £0 10s 0d Pork for the Company's table, 7½ lb, £0 3s 9d Butter for the Company's table, 1 firkin, £3 10s 0d Beef for the Company's table, 144 lb, £3 0s 0d Apples for the Company's table, 150, £0 12s 0d Total for provisions, £8 0s 3d Paid to William Jenkins for baking 133 batches of bread for the garrison, £11 18s 4d Paid to the constable for the heads of rats and mice destroyed, £5 14s 1d Paid to the Lieutenant Governor for mutton, £3 0s 0d Paid for grinding wheat for the Castle, £0 13s 0d Paid for 2 tablecloths, 2 overlays and 24 napkins for the Castle, £15 0s 0d Carried over, £331 19s 9d Interpretations The Company kept Tatton Jacks and Patrick Rowland at 6d a day for 119 days after their discharge in October 1770. That ran until early February 1771, when the Prince of Wales arrived, and both men then appeared on her muster roll as seamen. A discharged soldier had no means of leaving the island. If he had no work, he could easily turn to theft or fall on the parish. The Company fed him at half a private's daily pay until a ship could take him, and then put him on board as a hand. The three stowaways landed from the Duke of Cumberland were kept the same way for a fortnight, until they were enlisted on 19 March 1771. The constable paid out £5 14s 1d in bounties for rats' and mice's heads, more than a private's pay for a quarter and a half. With imported rice, flour and wheat now holding the island together, vermin in the stores and the planters' granaries were a direct threat to the food supply. A bounty paid per head turned every household and slave into a rat-catcher, and the constable's count of heads gave the Council a check on the payments. The hog redeemed from the pound shows the island's trespass rules applying even to the Company's own stock. An animal found straying was impounded under the published notice, and its owner paid a fee to have it back, whoever the owner was. | |
186 | 15th April Dr. William Wrangham 1771 March 31st Brought over £ 4709 5 8 Carried over £ 4709 5 8 | This debit page was blank as well, apart from the paymaster's figure carried through from the chest. Brought over on 31 March 1771, £4,709 5s 8d Carried over, £4,709 5s 8d | |
187 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1771 Brought over £ 331 19 9 March 28th By Cash paid for 4 Table Cloths for the Castle 8 8 By do. paid for the following Work in making a new Road up Ladder Hill vizt. 108¾ days Stonelayers @ 3/ £ 16 6 3 30 do. Smiths @ 1/6 2 5 212 do. Stoneblowers @ 1/6 15 18 4 22 do. Stonelayers @ 1/6 1 13 36 2 7 By do. paid for the following Work in Repairs in the Castle vizt. 11¾ days Masons Work £ 1 2 1½ 13½ do. Plaistr. do. 1 3 14½ do. Painters do. 1 1 4½ 30 do. Labourers do. 1 10 4 13 9 By do. paid for the following work at the Barracks vizt. 343 days Carpentrs. Work 1/6 £ 25 17 6 78 do. do. 1/3 4 17 6 136 do. Sawyers do. 10 4 634½ Masons 47 11 9 290 Stoneblowers 21 15 111¾ Smiths 8 7 7 158½ Overseers 11 17 9 4185¾ Labr. 209 5 9 339 16 10 By do. paid 77½ days Smiths work in mak. Rails for ye. Mount 5 15 11 By do. paid 77½ do. do. cleaning Small Arms 5 16 3 By do. paid for the following Work making Brick vizt. 54 days Smiths Work £ 4 1 84 do. Overseers do. 4 4 54 do. Labourers 2 12 10 19 By do. paid 223½ days Work in the Long Boats 16 8 6 By do. paid 15½ do. Overseers do. cutting Wood at Mason house 1 3 3 By do. paid 74 do. Labr. work repairg. a Fish Pond in the Lieut. Governors Yard 3 14 Carried over £ 764 17 10 | The credit side of the paymaster's account continued from £331 19s 9d brought over. Brought over, £331 19s 9d Paid on 28 March 1771 for 4 tablecloths for the Castle, £8 8s 0d Stone layers' work making a new road up Ladder Hill, 108¾ days at 3s, £16 6s 3d Smiths' work on the Ladder Hill road, 30 days at 1s 6d, £2 5s 0d Stone blowers' work on the Ladder Hill road, 212 days at 1s 6d, £15 18s 4d Stone layers' work on the Ladder Hill road, 22 days at 1s 6d, £1 13s 0d Total for the Ladder Hill road, £36 2s 7d Masons' work repairing the Castle, 14¾ days, £1 2s 1½d Plasterers' work repairing the Castle, 13½ days, £1 0s 3d Painters' work repairing the Castle, 14¼ days, £1 1s 4½d Labourers' work repairing the Castle, 30 days, £1 10s 0d Total for the Castle, £4 13s 9d Carpenters' work at the barracks, 345 days at 1s 6d, £25 17s 6d Carpenters' work at the barracks, 78 days at 1s 3d, £4 17s 6d Sawyers' work at the barracks, 136 days, £10 4s 0d Masons' work at the barracks, 634½ days, £47 11s 9d Stone blowers' work at the barracks, 290 days, £21 15s 0d Smiths' work at the barracks, 117¾ days, £8 17s 7d Overseers' work at the barracks, 158½ days, £11 17s 9d Labourers' work at the barracks, 4,185⅔ days, £209 5s 9d Total for the barracks, £339 16s 10d Smiths' work making rails for the Mount, 77½ days, £5 15s 11d Smiths' work cleaning small arms, 77½ days, £5 16s 3d Smiths' work making a breastwork, 54 days, £4 1s 0d Overseers' work on the breastwork, 84 days, £4 4s 0d Labourers' work on the breastwork, 94 days, £4 14s 0d Total for the breastwork, £12 19s 0d Work on the longboats, 329½ days, £16 8s 6d Overseers' work cutting wood at Man and Horse, 15½ days, £1 3s 3d Labourers' work repairing a fishpond in the Lieutenant Governor's yard, 74 days, £3 14s 0d Carried over, £764 17s 10d Interpretations The stone layers on the Ladder Hill road were paid 3s a day, twice the rate of the masons and smiths on the barracks. Cutting a road into a sheer cliff was skilled and dangerous work, done with powder from the artillery stores and on ledges above the valley. The double rate drew the island's best men to the hardest job. Together with the breastwork and the smiths cleaning the garrison's small arms, the road completed a quarter in which almost every new charge went to defence and communication. The barracks alone took close to £340 0s 0d in wages, and well over 4,000 labourer-days again, before Captain Tippet reported them almost finished on 1 April 1771. | |
188 | 15th April Dr. William Wrangham 1771 March 31st Brought over £ 4709 5 8 £ 4709 5 8 | William Wrangham's debit account for the quarter closed on the same figure it had carried from the chest. Brought over on 31 March 1771, £4,709 5s 8d Total, £4,709 5s 8d | |
189 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1771 Brought over £ 764 17 10 March 28 By Cash pd. 73½ days Carpentr. Work in repair. Long Boats 5 10 3 By do. pd. 125¼ days Labr. Work in getting Ballast and repairing the Long Boats Moorings 6 5 3 By do. pd. 9 days Masons work in repairs the Stable at Plant. House 13 6 By do. pd. 53 do. Labourers do. at do. 2 13 By do. pd. for 16 Expresses upon Alarms 4 By do. pd. the following Soldiers for Relisting to serve the Compy. 5 years longer subject to the Articles of War their respective times vizt. John Stewart 31 January £ 10 Willm. Scotman 10 Thos. Nimble 10 John Swaits 9 Feb. 10 Adam Scott 10 Thos. Morris 10 60 March 31 By do. pd. the followg. Men for enlisting to serve the Compy. 5 Years as Soldiers subject to the Articles of War their respective times to commence as follows vizt. Jasper Jefferman 11 March £ 5 Thos. Harrison 5 Thos. Wright 12 do. 5 Joseph Burston 23 do. 2 John Sharp 2 James Hadley 2 21 £ 864 19 10 By Amount of the Pay Account 3844 5 10 £ 4709 5 8 St. Helena 31st March 1771 Errors Excepted (signed) Willm. Wrangham Paymaster Counted and examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of March last which is as follows vizt. | The credit side of the paymaster's account continued from £764 17s 10d brought over. Brought over, £764 17s 10d Carpenters' work repairing the longboats on 28 March 1771, 73½ days, £5 10s 3d Labourers' work loading ballast and repairing the longboats' moorings, 125¼ days, £6 5s 3d Masons' work repairing the stable at Plantation House, 9 days, £0 13s 6d Labourers' work on the same stable, 53 days, £2 13s 0d Paid for 16 express messengers sent on alarms, £4 0s 0d Bounty to John Stewart for re-enlisting for 5 more years from 31 January 1771, £10 0s 0d Bounty to William Scotman for re-enlisting from the same date, £10 0s 0d Bounty to Thomas Nimble for re-enlisting from the same date, £10 0s 0d Bounty to John Twaits for re-enlisting from 9 February 1771, £10 0s 0d Bounty to Adam Scott for re-enlisting from the same date, £10 0s 0d Bounty to Thomas Morris for re-enlisting from the same date, £10 0s 0d Total for re-enlistment bounties, £60 0s 0d Bounty to Jasper Jefferson for enlisting for 5 years from 11 March 1771, £5 0s 0d Bounty to Thomas Harrison for enlisting from the same date, £5 0s 0d Bounty to John Wright for enlisting from 12 March 1771, £5 0s 0d Bounty to Joseph Breston for enlisting from 23 March 1771, £2 0s 0d Bounty to John Sharp for enlisting from the same date, £2 0s 0d Bounty to James Hadley for enlisting from the same date, £2 0s 0d Total for enlistment bounties, £21 0s 0d Subtotal, £864 19s 10d Amount of the pay account, £3,844 5s 10d Total, £4,709 5s 8d William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena on 31 March 1771, reserving the right to correct any errors. Each man who enlisted or re-enlisted agreed to serve under the Articles of War. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for March 1771. Interpretations The Company paid £10 0s 0d to each soldier who signed on for five more years when his term ran out. That was twice the bounty for the trained men from Bombay and five times what the three stowaways received. Keeping a seasoned man was worth more than finding a new one. He already knew the batteries and the island's paths, and he had survived its climate. The alternative was the cost of his passage home as an invalid or a time-expired soldier, as paid for nine men in March, and of a recruit shipped out from England to replace him. Most of the six were privates whose names run through the pay lists for both quarters. The stowaways had been told on 4 March 1771 that they would be made to serve out their contracts. The Council evidently decided that a small bounty would make willing soldiers of them, and enlisted them formally on 23 March. The 16 express messengers were riders or runners who carried word of each alarm from the outposts to the Castle. They paid for the signal guns' limits: a gun could say that a ship was in sight, but only a messenger could say what she was. In a season of Swedish, Danish and Dutch sail as well as English, those reports decided whether the batteries stood to arms. | |
190 | Cash Dr. 1771 Mar. 1st To Balance remaining £ 9104 18 6 7th To Ship Prince of Wales 72 9 8 10th To Ship Earl of Middlesex 17 5 17th To Exchange for two Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable as follow vizt. One Set to Capt. Robt. Carr £ 500 One do. to Mr. John Pyle 220 720 To Ship Duke of Cumberland 20 3 To Ship Greenwich 20 10 8 31 To James Powell recd. of him for Stores Sold in the Quarter endg. this day 1467 15 6 To Plantation for Provision Sold 16 4 To Licences 12 10 To Customs recd. on 2333½ Galls. Spirituous Liquors 29 3 4½ £ 11480 12 4½ Per Contra Cr. 1771 Mar. 31 By Sundry Accounts advanced the Paymaster to pay Salarys &c.a in the Quarter ending this day 4709 5 8 By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 6231 11 8½ In Cash Notes 539 15 6771 6 8½ 11480 12 4½ £ 11480 12 4½ Margin Notes: 15th April Purling | The Council's count of the Company's cash for March 1771 covered the whole quarter's receipts and payments. Money received Balance remaining on 1 March 1771, £9,104 18s 6d Received on 7 March from the Prince of Wales, £72 9s 8d. Received on 10 March from the Earl of Middlesex, £17 0s 5d. Exchange received on 17 March for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Robert Carr, £500 0s 0d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to John Pyle, £220 0s 0d Total for exchange, £720 0s 0d Received from the Duke of Cumberland, £20 0s 3d. Received from the Greenwich, £20 10s 8d. Received on 31 March from James Powell for stores sold in the quarter ending that day, £1,467 15s 6d Received from the Plantation for provisions sold, £16 4s 0d Licences, £12 10s 0d Customs duty on 2,333½ gallons of spirits, £29 3s 4½d Total, £11,480 12s 4½d Money paid out Paid on 31 March 1771 to various accounts through the paymaster for salaries and other charges in the quarter ending that day, £4,709 5s 8d Balance remaining in coin, £6,231 11s 8½d Balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £6,771 6s 8½d Total, £11,480 12s 4½d Interpretations The four Company ships paid in a little over £130 0s 0d between them, for the cattle, sheep, water and stores the island supplied. That sum hardly touched the quarter's costs. Even in the busiest homeward season of the year, the shipping the island existed to serve brought in less than a twentieth of what the garrison and works cost. The treasury fell again, from £9,104 18s 6d to £6,771 6s 8½d. Over six months the coin in hand had dropped by more than a third. The bills sold to Captain Carr and John Pyle and the store sales slowed the drain, but did not stop it. With the barracks, the Ladder Hill road and the rebuilt batteries all paid for in wages, the island was spending its reserve of coin faster than any source could replace it. Store receipts fell from £2,265 1s 3d in the last quarter of 1770 to £1,467 15s 6d. The drop came mainly from salt meat. The servants bought less beef and pork than in the previous quarter, as stocks in the warehouses were drawn down before the purchase from Captain Carr in March. | |
191 | 1771 Being in want of a Boat for the use of viewing the Several Fortifications we have purchased of Capt. John Rogers a Pinnace with Masts Oars Sails &c. for which we have paid £ 27 10 which Boat we intend to keep for that purpose. Mr. Powell the Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections amounting to £ 1823 8 5 of which Sum he only paid £ 1467 15 6 the remaining Sum of £ 355 12 11 being stolen out of the Stores on the 12th March last as fully mentioned in our Consultations of the 25th & 27th March and 1st instant not being yet able to make any discovery of the same notwithstanding every measure we have hitherto taken to find the said Robbery out, and as we are convinced that this Loss has not been from any neglect of Mr. Powells, We ordered it to be wrote off to Profit & Loss. We this day received the following Letter from the Engineer vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena Gentlemen I have the Honor to acquaint you that I have visited the Gullies between James's and Lemon Valley, the first of which goes by the name of Breakneck Valley its walled up, it wants a little repair and filling in, the next is Youngs it's a narrow Gulley and only requires cleaning at the bottom, Friars is a Gulley entirely open it will require a single Wall and to be filled up even with the Wall so that the water may run quite over the Wall. What Gulleys lie between Horse pasture point and the Needles of any consequence is Old Womans & Thompsons, they are entirely exposed | The Council needed a boat for inspecting the fortifications around the coast. It bought a pinnace, with masts, oars and sails, from Captain John Pierce for £27 10s 0d and decided to keep it for that purpose. James Powell, the storekeeper, reported his takings for the quarter as £1,823 8s 5d. He had paid in only £1,467 15s 6d. The remaining £355 12s 11d had been stolen from the stores on the night of 12 March 1771, as the Council had recorded on 25 and 27 March and 1 April. Despite every measure taken, the thieves had not been found. The Council was satisfied that the loss was not due to any neglect by Powell. It ordered the sum to be written off to profit and loss. The Council received a letter from the engineer the same day, addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council. He had inspected the gullies between James's Valley and Lemon Valley. The first, known as Breakneck Valley, had already been walled up and needed only minor repairs and filling in. The next, [...]'s, was a narrow gully that needed only to be cleared at the bottom. Friar's gully was entirely open. It would need a single wall, with the ground behind filled up level with its top so that water could run straight over it. Between Horse Pasture Point and the Needles, the only gullies of any importance were Old Woman's and Thompson's, and both were wholly exposed. Interpretations The money taken in the robbery was the storekeeper's own takings from the quarter's sales. Powell answered for them, and the usual rule was that an officer made good any cash lost from his charge. The Council chose to write the sum off instead. Its reasoning was set out in the record of its inquiry. The store had been broken into through the wall while the Castle guard slept, and the courts martial of 13 to 23 March had laid the blame on the corporals and sentries. Holding Powell liable for a loss caused by the garrison's failure would have punished a long-serving official for others' neglect. A week earlier the Council had made his son a cadet in recognition of that service. Tippet's survey answered the Council's order of 1 April 1771 to inspect the leeward valleys before any further building. The pinnace bought the same day let him and the Council view the coast from the sea, the direction from which an enemy would see it. Walling a gully and filling the ground behind made a level barrier that stopped men climbing up from the shore. The water could still pour over the top in a storm, so the wall would not be washed away. | |
192 | 15th April exposed, the Flood which comes down these Gullies are extremely Rapid, therefore they will require a strong Wall for their defence. Thompsons is the first (with your permission) I intend walling up as I think it the most Accessible. I have the Honor to be Gentlemen Your most Obedt. Servant (signed) St. Helena 15th April 1771 James Tippet In consequence of the above Letter, we gave Capt. Tippet Orders immediately to set about Thompsons Valley, and have further directed him to Wall up said Valley particularly strong, as there is a necessity for bringing the Water Course over the Wall in Order to provide more effectually for the defence of the said place, and shall take the first opportunity of viewing ourselves the other Valleys. Joseph Griffiths Gunner having been bred a Cooper & is a sober well behaved Man. We have appointed him Cooper at the usual Salary (to commence from the 1st instant) in the room of John Drawwater who was discharged from that employ the 18th of last Month. We have discharged the said Griffiths from the Garrison, and he has engaged to serve as Cooper for five Years. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | Old Woman's and Thompson's gullies took floodwater down at great speed, so Captain Tippet judged that each would need a strong wall. He thought Thompson's the easier landing for an enemy and proposed to wall it up first, with the Council's permission. He signed the letter at St Helena on 15 April 1771. The Council told Tippet to start work on Thompson's Valley at once. It also directed him to build the wall there especially strong. The watercourse had to be carried over the top of the wall, and a solid structure would give the place better protection. The members undertook to view the other valleys themselves at the first opportunity. Joseph Griffiths, a gunner, had trained as a cooper and was a sober, well-behaved man. The Council appointed him cooper at the usual salary, starting from 1 April 1771. He replaced John Drawwater, who had been dismissed on 18 March 1771. The Council discharged Griffiths from the garrison, and he agreed to serve as cooper for five years. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The Council could have waited to view all the gullies before choosing where to build, as it had promised to do. It ordered Thompson's Valley walled at once instead and left the inspection of the rest until later. The engineer had named it the most accessible landing, and the Council had halted the officers' barracks on 1 April 1771 so that the defences could come first. A wall begun now could stand before any threat arrived. A survey of every valley first would only have delayed the one work already known to be urgent. The order to make the wall particularly strong answered Tippet's warning about floods. A wall that had to carry a torrent over its top every rainy season had to be built heavy, or it would be swept away within a year. The appointment of Griffiths followed the pattern set by William Gurrup in December 1770. A soldier with a trade was taken out of the ranks, given a civilian salary and bound for five years. After Drawwater's fraud, the Council chose its new cooper as much for his character as his skill, and recorded both. | |
193 | 16th April At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 16th day of April 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 15th April 1771. The ten working days allowed by Charter party for unloading the Ship Calcutta being expired we gave Capt. William Thomson Sailing orders in writing, to make the best of his way to Canton in China according to the Orders he has received from the Honble. the Court of Directors. We likewise gave him the following Letters to the several Presidency's in India. To the Honble. John Cartier Esqr. President and Governor &c.a Council of Fort William Sir and Sirs We had the honor to address you the 22 May 1770 by the Ships British King & Harcourt since which your several Advices have been duly received. We request you will send by each Ship for the use of this Place eight Maunds of the best Wax Candles and the Madeira Wine agreeable to the Company's Orders, and the usual quantity of Arrack Rice & Paddy. This Letter goes by way of China. Inclosed we transmit you a List of the Ships that have touched at this Island since 22 May last. We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obedt. Hble. Servants (signed) St. Helena 16th April 1771 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Matt. Purling | The Council met at the Castle on Tuesday 16 April 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 15 April 1771. The charter party allowed the Calcutta ten working days to unload at the island, and these had now run out. The Council gave Captain William Thomson written orders to sail. He was to make his way to Canton in China as quickly as he could, following the instructions he had received from the Court of Directors. The Council also gave him letters for the Company's presidencies in India. The first was addressed to John Cartier, President and Governor of Fort William, and his Council. The Council had last written to them on 22 May 1770 by the British King and the Harcourt, and it had since received all their letters. It asked them to send with each ship, for the island's use, eight maunds of the best wax candles and Madeira wine, in line with the Company's orders, together with the usual quantities of arrack, rice and unhusked rice. The letter was to travel by way of China. A list of the ships that had called at the island since 22 May 1770 was enclosed. The Governor, Daniel Corneille and Purling signed it at St Helena on 16 April 1771. Interpretations The charter party set a fixed number of lay days for unloading at each port of call. Once they had passed, the Company had to pay the owners demurrage for every further day the ship was kept. Sailing orders issued on the tenth day protected the Company from that charge, whatever cargo still lay on the beach. The letter to Bengal went out in an outward ship bound for Canton, and the supercargoes there would send it on to Calcutta by a country ship. The route was long, but it was the fastest open in April, when the monsoon made a direct voyage from St Helena to Bengal impractical. The enclosed list of ships let Fort William trace which of its own supply consignments had reached the island, and match them against the invoices recorded in the Council's minutes from February to April 1771. | |
194 | 16th April To the Honble. Josias Du Pre Esqr. President and Governor &c.a Council of Fort St. George Sir and Sirs We had the honor to Address you the 22d. May 1770 by the Ships British King and Harcourt since which we received your favours by the Britannia and Anson. We request you will send for the use of this Island five Corge of Mens Cotton Stockings to cost about a Pagoda pr. pair, twenty pieces Long Cloth of twelve Pagodas pr. Piece, twenty pieces of ten Pagodas pr. piece, thirty pieces of eight Pagodas pr. Piece, forty Pieces of six Pagodas pr. Piece, forty Pieces of three & an half Pagodas pr. Piece and fifty Pieces of two and an half Pagodas pr. Piece, and the usual quantity of Arrack, Rice, and Paddy. This Letter goes by way of China inclosed we transmit you a List of Ships that have touched at this Island since the 22 May last. We are Sir and Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (signed) St. Helena 16th April 1771 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Mattw. Purling | The second letter went to Josias Du Pré, President and Governor of Fort St George, and his Council. The Council had last written to them on 22 May 1770 by the British King and the Harcourt. It had since received their letters by the Britannia and the Anson. It asked them to send the following for the island's use. Men's cotton stockings, 5 corge, at about 1 pagoda a pair Long cloth at 12 pagodas a piece, 20 pieces Long cloth at 10 pagodas a piece, 20 pieces Long cloth at 8 pagodas a piece, 30 pieces Long cloth at 6 pagodas a piece, 40 pieces Long cloth at 3½ pagodas a piece, 40 pieces Long cloth at 2½ pagodas a piece, 50 pieces Arrack, the usual quantity Rice, the usual quantity Unhusked rice, the usual quantity This letter also went by way of China, with a list of the ships that had called at the island since 22 May 1770 enclosed. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Purling signed it at St Helena on 16 April 1771. Interpretations A corge was a trade unit of 20 pieces used along the Indian coasts, so the order was for 100 pairs of cotton stockings. The pagoda was the gold coin and money of account of the Madras presidency. The graded prices for long cloth explain the letter marks in the storekeeper's sales. The finest pieces cost almost five times the coarsest, and the island ordered most heavily at the cheap end, where the bulk of its sales lay. Ordering cloth by the price per piece, not by a named quality, left the Madras buyers to find the best cloth for the money. That suited a Council thousands of miles away that could not inspect the market. The two letters divided the island's Indian supply by region. Bengal sent candles, arrack, rice and grain. Madras sent cotton cloth and stockings from the Coromandel looms. | |
195 | 1771 To the Honble. Thomas Hodges Esqr. President & Governor &c.a Council of Bombay Sir and Sirs We had the Honor to Address you the 22 May 1770 by the Ships British King and Harcourt since which your several Letters have been duly received. We request you will send for the use of this Island two hundred Pieces of Surat Chelloes and the usual quantity of Rice & Paddy. This Letter goes by way of China inclosed we transmit you a List of Ships that have touched at this Island since 22d. May last. We are Sir and Sirs Your most obedient humble Servants (signed) St. Helena 16th April 1771 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Matt. Purling To the President and other Supra Cargoes of Council at Canton Gentlemen We wrote last to you by the Ship British King under date 22 May 1770 and are sorry to find by your favour of 20th November last, that Ship had lost her passage to China. As the Consumption of this Island for Tea | The third letter went to Thomas Hodges, President and Governor of Bombay, and his Council. The Council had last written to them on 22 May 1770 by the British King and the Harcourt, and had since received all their letters. It asked them to send 200 pieces of Surat chelloes for the island's use, with the usual quantities of rice and unhusked rice. Like the others, the letter travelled by way of China, enclosing a list of the ships that had called at the island since 22 May 1770. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Purling signed it at St Helena on 16 April 1771. A fourth letter was addressed to the President and the other supercargoes of the Council at Canton. The Council had last written to them by the British King on 22 May 1770. It was sorry to learn from their letter of 20 November 1770 that the ship had missed her passage to China. The Council went on to raise the island's consumption of tea. Interpretations The British King had carried the Council's letters of May 1770 to all three presidencies and to Canton. She missed the monsoon and failed to reach China that season. Every request the island had sent that year went astray or arrived late, which explains why the same letters were now sent again. A ship that lost her passage might lie months in an Indian port waiting for the next favourable wind. A single missed season could cut the island off from its Asian supplies for a year, and so the Council spread its letters across every ship it could. | |
196 | 16th April is greatly increased we desire you will send Us twenty four Peculs of Bohea instead of eighteen Indented for last Season, and to increase the quantity of Sugar to two hundred and fifty hundred, and send only one hundred, hundred of Candy in lieu of one hundred and forty hundred mentioned in our last Indent to China. Enclosed we transmit you the Ship Calcutta's Manifest of Goods, Charter party, Victualling Bill, Captain Thomsons Instructions and a Packet from the Honorable the Court of Directors, also our Letters to the several Presidency's in India, which we request you will please to forward thither by the first opportunity. We have sent for your Perusal a List of Ships that have touched at this Island since 22 May 1770. We are Gentlemen Your most obedient humble Servants (signed) St. Helena 16th April 1771 John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Matt. Purling John Elliot Esqr. of his Majesty's Ship Portland requesting us to discharge Benjamin Bartley Private from the Garrison, his time expiring in August next, we have complyed therewith. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Council told the supercargoes that the island's consumption of tea had risen sharply. It asked them to send 24 piculs of bohea instead of the 18 ordered for the previous season. It also asked them to raise the sugar to 250 hundredweight and to cut the sugar candy to 100 hundredweight, against the 140 named in its last order to China. Enclosed with the letter were the Calcutta's manifest of goods, her charter party, her victualling bill, Captain Thomson's instructions and a packet from the Court of Directors. The Council also enclosed its letters to the presidencies in India and asked the supercargoes to forward them at the first opportunity. A list of the ships that had called at the island since 22 May 1770 went with the letter for their information. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Purling signed it at St Helena on 16 April 1771. Captain John Elliot of the King's ship Portland asked the Council to discharge Benjamin Bartley, a private, from the garrison. Bartley's term was due to expire in August. The Council agreed to the request. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The Canton supercargoes handled far more than the island's tea and sugar. The Calcutta's papers were sent on to them because Canton was her next port. They also served as the post office through which St Helena reached Bengal, Madras and Bombay, since China-bound ships left the island at the right season and country ships ran regularly from Canton to India. The changed order reflected what the stores were actually selling. Sugar candy had come in by the ton from the China ships that spring and now stood in reserve, while plain sugar was in shorter supply. Tea consumption had risen enough to need a third more. The Council adjusted the next year's order to match what the island used, not what it had asked for the year before. Elliot's request was a favour between services. A King's captain wanting a trained man, probably as a seaman or marine, asked the Company's Council to release him four months early. Refusing would have gained the garrison little, since Bartley would soon be leaving anyway. Granting it kept good relations with the Royal Navy, whose ships protected the island's approaches in wartime. | |
197 | 18th April At a Consultation held on Thursday the 18th day of April 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 16th April 1771 The ten working days allowed by Charter party for unloading the Ship Duke of Richmond being expired, We gave Captain Thomas Hindman sailing Orders in writing to make the best of his way to Fort Marlborough on the West Coast of the Island Sumatra according to the Orders he has received from the Honorable the Court of Directors, We likewise gave him the following Letter to the President and Council of Fort Marlborough together with the Duplicates of those we sent by the Ship Calcutta to the several Presidency's in India. To the Honorable Richard Wyatt Esqr. President and Governor &c.a Council of Fort Marlborough Sir & Sirs We wrote last to you by the Ship Harcourt under date 22d. May 1770. Enclosed we transmit you the Ship Duke of Richmonds Manifest of Goods, Manifest of private Trade Charter Party Victualling Bill Capt. Hindmans Instructions and a Packet from the Council at China. Also our Letters to the several Presidency's | The Council met at the Castle on Thursday 18 April 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 16 April 1771. The ten working days the charter party allowed the Duke of Richmond for unloading had expired. The Council gave Captain Thomas Hindman written orders to sail. He was to make his way to Fort Marlborough on the west coast of Sumatra as quickly as he could, following the instructions he had received from the Court of Directors. The Council also gave him a letter for the President and Council of Fort Marlborough, together with duplicates of the letters it had sent to the presidencies in India by the Calcutta. The letter was addressed to Richard Wyatt, President and Governor of Fort Marlborough, and his Council. The Council had last written to them by the Harcourt on 22 May 1770. With this letter it sent the Duke of Richmond's manifest of goods, her manifest of private trade, her charter party and victualling bill, Captain Hindman's instructions and a packet from the Council at China. It also enclosed its letters to the presidencies in India. Interpretations The Council sent duplicates of its Indian letters by a second ship bound for a different port. If the Calcutta was lost or delayed on her way to Canton, the copies carried by the Duke of Richmond would still reach Bengal, Madras and Bombay through Sumatra. The British King's failure to reach China the year before had shown how easily a single channel could fail. Fort Marlborough, the Company's pepper settlement at Bencoolen, was also the likely source of the Malays the island maintained at its own expense, which tied the two remote stations together. The manifest of private trade listed the goods that the captain and officers carried on their own account under the Company's allowance. Forwarding it to the next port let that port's council check that nothing beyond the permitted tonnage was landed or sold. | |
198 | 18th April Presidencys in India which we request you will please to forward by the first Opportunity. We have sent for your perusal a List of Ships that have touched at this Island since 22 May 1770. We are Sir & Sirs Your most Obedient humble Servants (signed) John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Council asked the President and Council at Fort Marlborough to forward the enclosed letters to the presidencies in India at the first opportunity. A list of the ships that had called at St Helena since 22 May 1770 went with the letter for their information. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Purling signed it. The Governor signed the minutes of the meeting with Daniel Corneille and Purling. | |
199 | 22d. April At a Consultation held on Monday the 22d. day of April 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed, dated the 18th April 1771. This day Died James Ashley Private The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ships Calcutta and Duke of Richmond. Account of Stores short received from the following Ships vizt. Ship Calcutta vizt. 1 Iron Pot broke wt. 28 lb. 9 Sythe Stones 2 Barl. Blacking 6 Wine Glasses 1 Wine & Water do. 1 Candle Shade 63 Sq. Glass 12 by 20 14 do. 8 by 10 2 Earthen Milk pans found broke upon opening the packages which were in good Order 13 Sope 111 Sole Leather short weight occasioned by wastage the packages being in good order 2⅞ Bush. Salt short measure occasioned by wastage the packages being in good order 1 Soldiers Hat short packed 6 Ash Handspikes 1 Grindstone 1 Ps. Oak Plank 20 long & 15 Ins. Wide 1 Double Deal short delivered | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 22 April 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 18 April 1771. James Ashley, a private, died that day. The storekeeper presented an account of stores that had arrived short from the Calcutta and the Duke of Richmond. The Calcutta's shortfalls were as follows. Iron pot weighing 28 lb, 1, found broken on opening a sound package Scythe stones, 9, found broken on opening a sound package Blacking, 2 bottles, found broken on opening a sound package Wine glasses, 6, found broken on opening a sound package Wine and water glass, 1, found broken on opening a sound package Candle shade, 1, found broken on opening a sound package Window glass, 12 by 20 inches, 65 squares, found broken on opening a sound package Window glass, 8 by 10 inches, 14 squares, found broken on opening a sound package Earthenware milk pans, 2, found broken on opening a sound package Soap, 13 lb, short in weight through wastage, the package being sound Sole leather, 111 lb, short in weight through wastage, the package being sound Salt, 3⅞ bushels, short in measure through wastage, the package being sound Soldier's hat, 1, missing from its package when packed Ash handspikes, 6, not delivered Grindstone, 1, not delivered Oak plank, 20 feet long and 3 inches thick, 1, not delivered Double deal, 1, not delivered Interpretations The 65 broken squares of window glass were the panes Captain Tippet needed to finish the new barracks. On 1 April 1771 he reported the building complete except for the glazing, for which he was waiting on supplies. The breakage in a package that arrived sound meant the glass had cracked in the hold through poor packing in England. The barracks would now stand unglazed until another ship brought replacements. The storekeeper's account sorted every loss by its cause. Breakage in sound packages and short packing were faults of the London warehouse. Wastage was the natural shrinkage of soap, leather and salt. Goods not delivered at all pointed to the ship's officers. Each category laid the cost at a different door, and the account gave the Directors the evidence to pursue whoever was answerable. | |
200 | 22d. April 16 Single Deals 1 Coffin 12 Blocks of 5 Inch 1 do. of 3 do. 2 Barl. Pitch 1 do. Tar Chal. Bush. 3 1 Coals 1 Hhd. Whiting is C. qr. lb. 1 3 16 1 Case Iron works for Gun Carriages contain. Rings & Eye Bolts Short Delivered Tiles ⅓ of the Number sent on board, supposed to be broke when delivered here. Ship Duke of Richmond vizt. 1 Iron Pot wt. 71 lb. 2 Ash Handspikes 6 Double Deals 1 Iron Train Pot 4 Knees for Long Boats 5 Casks Flour 16 Bushels Coals Short Delivered 3/4 Gross Corks short put up, the Package being in good Order 3 Bushels Salt short Measure 2 lb. Twine 37 Sope short weight Occasioned by Wastage 1 Iron Pot broke Wt. 19 Wine vizt. No. 1 1 Hhd. Lisbon gages Gall. 61 wants to fill Gall. 3 No. 2 1 Hhd. do. 63 do. 3 124 6 Received 118 Gall. | The Calcutta's shortfalls continued. Single deals, 16, not delivered Coffin, 1, not delivered Blocks of 5 inches, 12, not delivered Block of 3 inches, 1, not delivered Pitch, 2 barrels, not delivered Tar, 1 barrel, not delivered Coals, 3 chaldrons 1 bushel, not delivered Whiting, 1 hogshead weighing 1 cwt 3 qr 16 lb, not delivered Case of ironwork for gun carriages, containing rings and eyebolts, 1, not delivered Tiles, one-third of the number shipped, probably broken in landing The Duke of Richmond's shortfalls were as follows. Iron pot weighing 71 lb, 1, not delivered Ash handspikes, 2, not delivered Double deals, 6, not delivered Iron tar pot, 1, not delivered Knees for the longboats, 4, not delivered Flour, 5 casks, not delivered Coals, 16 bushels, not delivered Corks, ¾ gross, missing from a sound package when packed Salt, 3 bushels, short in measure through wastage Twine, 2 lb, short in weight through wastage Soap, 37 lb, short in weight through wastage Iron pot weighing 19 lb, 1, found broken Lisbon wine, hogshead number 1, gauged at 61 gallons, short of full by 3 gallons Lisbon wine, hogshead number 2, gauged at 63 gallons, short of full by 3 gallons Total wine gauged, 124 gallons Total wine short, 6 gallons Wine received, 118 gallons Interpretations The 5 casks of flour missing from the Duke of Richmond mattered more than any other loss on the two lists. Flour was so short that spring that the stores sold it to the planters at 40 per cent and the Council had bought wheat to grind on the island. Knees were the angled timbers, cut from naturally bent oak, that braced a boat's frame where the side met the thwarts and the stern. The island had no oak, so knees missing from the cargo halted any repair that needed them. The wine was gauged on landing, the practice the Council had tightened after John Drawwater's dismissal in March 1771. | |
201 | 1771 No. 3 1 Hhd. Mountain gages Gall. 61 wants to fill Gall. 3 3 Received 58 Gallons No. 4 1 Hhd. Port gages Gall. 61 wants to fill Gall. 4 4 Received 57 Gallons Slates ⅓ of the Number sent on board supposed to be broke when delivered here. April 22d. 1771 (signed) James Powell Storekeeper John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Duke of Richmond's shortfalls continued with two more casks of wine and a consignment of slates. Mountain wine, hogshead number 3, gauged at 61 gallons, short of full by 3 gallons, 58 gallons received Port, hogshead number 4, gauged at 61 gallons, short of full by 4 gallons, 57 gallons received Slates, one-third of the number shipped, probably broken in landing James Powell signed the account as storekeeper on 22 April 1771. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. | |
202 | 29th April At a Consultation held on Monday the 29th day of April 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 22d. April 1771 Thursday the 25 Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Calcutta for China & Duke of Richmond for Bencoolen This day died William Son of John Price Publican The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from the following Ships vizt. Ship Royal Captain 6 lb. Sugar short weight occasioned by wastage the Packages being in good order Latham qr. lb. 1 6 Candy do. do. do. Hawke qr. lb. 3 Candy do. do. do. Kent 2 Meat Dishes 8 do. Plates 5 Soup do. 1 Chamber Pot 10 Sallad Dishes 1 Baking do. 1 Guglet & Bason 3 Sneakers 20 half pint Cups & Saucers 9 Quarter do. & do. found broke upon opening the Packages which were in good order Houghton C. qr. lb. 1 1 4 Sugar 1 1 20 Rice 4 Candles short weight occasioned by wastage the Packages being in good order | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 29 April 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 22 April 1771. The Company's ship Calcutta sailed for China on Thursday 25 April, and the Duke of Richmond sailed for Bencoolen the same day. William, the son of John Price, a publican, died on 29 April. The storekeeper presented an account of the stores that had arrived short from the China and Bengal ships. The Royal Captain delivered 6 lb less sugar than invoiced, lost through wastage in sound packages. The Latham delivered 1 qr 6 lb less sugar candy than invoiced, for the same reason. The Hawke delivered 3 lb less sugar candy than invoiced, for the same reason. The Kent's porcelain included the following pieces found broken when the sound packages were opened. Meat dishes, 2 Plates, 8 Soup plates, 5 Chamber pot, 1 Salad dishes, 10 Baking dish, 1 Guglet and basin, 1 Sneakers, 3 Half-pint cups and saucers, 20 Quarter-pint cups and saucers, 9 The Houghton's shortfalls in weight, through wastage in sound packages, were as follows. Sugar, 1 cwt 1 qr 4 lb Wax, 1 cwt 1 qr 20 lb Candles, 4 lb Interpretations The losses on the China sugar were trifling: a few pounds in chests of almost 300 lb each, the ordinary drying of the sugar on a long voyage. The Kent's porcelain lost about 60 pieces, slightly above the 2 per cent the Canton supercargoes had already deducted from the price for breakage. The Company had thus paid in advance for most of its own losses. The Houghton's shortfall in wax was heavier. Wax candles packed in the warmth of the Bengal summer and carried through the tropics could soften and lose weight, and the record treats the loss as natural wastage rather than theft. | |
203 | 1771 Arrack vizt. No. 1 1 Leagr. Gages Gall. 137½ wants to fill Gall. 8½ 2 1 do. do. 145½ do. 4 283 12½ Received 270½ Gallons Admiral Pocock qr. lb. 2 8 Rice short wt. occasioned by wastage the packages being in good order 32 Paddy Received Valentine qr. lb. 2 8 Sugar short wt. occasioned by do. do. do. Duke of Kingston C. qr. lb. 5 2 3 Rice 1 3 21 Paddy 3 1 5 Sugar short weight occasioned by wastage the Packages being in good Order Arrack vizt. No. 1 Gages Gall. 138 wants to fill Gall. 6 2 do. 146 do. 4 284 10 Received 274 Gallons (signed) St. Helena 29 April 1771 James Powell Storekeeper Samuel Steel and John Pet from the Ship Duke of Kingston and Samuel Wainwright & John Bird from Ship Houghton having delivered themselves up to us as deserters from the Company's Settlements in India. We have detained them in this Garrison to serve their contracted times and have given them three pounds each to buy them Cloaths, they being quite destitute of necessarys &c. | The Houghton's two leaguers of arrack were gauged on landing. Arrack, leaguer number 1, gauged at 141½ gallons, short of full by 8½ gallons Arrack, leaguer number 2, gauged at 141½ gallons, short of full by 4 gallons Total arrack gauged, 283 gallons Total arrack short, 12½ gallons Arrack received, 270½ gallons The Admiral Pocock delivered 2 qr 8 lb less rice than invoiced, through wastage in sound packages, and all 32 bags of unhusked rice arrived. The Valentine delivered 2 qr 8 lb less sugar than invoiced, for the same reason. The Duke of Kingston's shortfalls in weight, through wastage in sound packages, were as follows. Rice, 5 cwt 2 qr 3 lb Unhusked rice, 1 cwt 3 qr 21 lb Sugar, 3 cwt 1 qr 5 lb Arrack, leaguer number 1, gauged at 138 gallons, short of full by 6 gallons Arrack, leaguer number 2, gauged at 146 gallons, short of full by 4 gallons Total arrack gauged, 284 gallons Total arrack short, 10 gallons Arrack received, 274 gallons James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 29 April 1771. Four men gave themselves up to the Council as deserters from the Company's settlements in India. Samuel Steel and John Pitt came from the Duke of Kingston, and Samuel Wainwright and John Beard from the Houghton. The Council kept them on the island to serve out their contracted terms in the garrison. Since they had almost nothing with them, it gave each £3 0s 0d to buy clothes. Interpretations These deserters surrendered of their own accord, unlike the three stowaways found aboard the Duke of Cumberland in March 1771. Desertion from India by stowing away on a homeward ship was common enough that men knew they would be found at the St Helena muster, and some evidently chose to give themselves up before Purling boarded. The Council treated them as it had treated the earlier three. It kept them for its own garrison rather than sending them back to India, which spared it the cost of recruits from England. The £3 0s 0d each was not a bounty but an advance for clothing. Deserters who had fled with nothing could not stand guard in rags, and the money put them in uniform at once. | |
204 | 29th April Mr. Jonathan Doveton was this day sworn into the Office of Sheriff and Messrs. Matthew Bazett and Orlando Bagley in that of Church Wardens, and Julio Fabiano as Constable. Captains Smith and Morrison applying to Us to be supplied with Flour out of the Stores, for the use of their Ships, We acquainted them we were informed that Article might be purchased from Individuals, but in case they could not procure it they should be supplied out of the Company's Stores. John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | Jonathan Doveton took the oath as Sheriff that day. Matthew Bazett and Orlando Bagley were sworn in as churchwardens, and Julio Fabiano as constable. Captain Smith and Captain Morrison asked to be supplied with flour from the Company's stores for their ships. The Council told them it understood that flour could be bought from private individuals on the island. If they could not obtain it that way, the Company's stores would supply them. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The usual course was to supply a Company ship's needs from the Company's stores, as the island had done earlier in the season, selling more than 2,700 lb of flour to the ships in the first quarter of 1771. The Council now sent the captains to private sellers first and offered its own stock only as a last resort. The stores had lost 5 casks of flour from the Duke of Richmond and were rationing what remained, charging planters 40 per cent for it. Flour held by private individuals had probably been bought from earlier ships for resale. Sending the captains to them drew down that private stock before the Company's reserve, which the garrison and the bakehouse depended on until the next supply arrived from England. | |
205 | 30th April At a Consultation held on Tuesday the 30th day of April 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 29th April 1771. This day Arrived His Majestys Ship Swallow from England by which opportunity the Governor & Lieut. Governor received a Packet from the Honble. the Secret Committee which they read and gave directions accordingly. Mr. Purling this day presented the following Letter to the Board. To John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.a Council of St. Helena Gentlemen Having a very bad cold upon me at present and fearing by going on the Water of increasing it, I request you will order some other Company's Servant to Muster the Ships now in the Road, the Lord Camden I have already Mustered. The Ships which hereafter arrive I hope I shall be able to Muster as usual, but confess that going on board Ships so frequently on the service of Mustering becomes now very irksome to me, however you may depend upon my continuing to perform the same untill my Honble. Masters signify their pleasure to the contrary by appointing some other Servant to execute that duty. I have the Honor to be Gentlemen Your most Obedt. Humble Servant (signed) 30th April 1771 Purling | The Council met at the Castle on Tuesday 30 April 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 29 April 1771. The King's ship Swallow arrived from England that day. She brought the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor a packet from the Secret Committee, which they read and acted on. Purling presented a letter to the Governor and Council, dated 30 April 1771. He had a very bad cold and feared that going out on the water would make it worse. He asked the Council to appoint another Company servant to muster the ships now in the road. He had already mustered the Lord Camden. He expected to muster later arrivals as usual. He admitted, however, that boarding ships so often for musters had become a great burden to him. Even so, he would keep doing the work until the Directors chose to give the duty to someone else. Interpretations A second packet from the Secret Committee, arriving five weeks after the first in another King's ship, confirmed that London was in close and urgent correspondence with the island's two senior officers. Its contents were again kept from the Council's record. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor simply "gave directions accordingly", a phrase that kept Purling formally outside the matter. The orders to wall the leeward gullies, halt the officers' barracks and make new signal flags all followed these packets. Purling's letter shows how much the muster cost a senior official. Every Company ship that came into the road had to be boarded from an open boat, often through a heavy swell, and her whole crew called over against the roll. In the busiest season ships arrived several times a week. He had mustered every arrival since February 1771. As a member of the Council and its accountant, he was also its only officer for this duty. His letter was a polite protest at being kept at work that belonged to a junior servant, and a request, aimed past the Council at the Directors, to be relieved of it. | |
206 | 30th April In consequence of the said Letter we have appointed Mr. William Wrangham to Muster the Ships now in the road, and shall continue to appoint him whenever inconvenient to Mr. Purling. Mr. Matthew Purling Reports that he has been on board the Ship Lord Camden to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Lord Camden Nathl. Smith Commander John Riddall 1 Mate Robt. Strong 2 do. Nathl. Dance 3 do. Geo. Merriman 4th do. Richd. Burleigh 5th do. Henry Bryant 6th do. John Davidson Surgeon Wm. Ingles do. Mate Robert Scott Purser Chas. Pennycook Boatswain Willm. Hill Gunner James Griffin Carpenter Richd. Rogers Caulker Jos. Pettet Sailmaker James Ford Cooper Thos. Hill Armourer John Gardener Carpt. Mate Andw. Leech Caulkers do. Robt. Smith Coopers do. John Jones Ships Stewd. Mr. Neal Gunners Mate Jno. Stedman Boatsn. 1 Mate Michl. Brent Boatsn. 2 Mate Wm. Everest Ships Cook Wm. Dandridge Capt. do. Geo. Scholl do. Mate Thos. Howard Quart. Master John Love do. Jno. Hamilton Danl. Sapp John Morgan Thos. Peak Mid. & Coxn. Wm. Edmonds Midshipman John Davis do. Chas. Hills do. John Cook Seaman Chas. Trowbridge Thos. Anderson Benj. Leaver Robt. Hunt Robt. Richardson John Tindall Thos. Hall John Harvey Henry St. George John Brown Seaman John Apps Danl. Frederic Wm. Mowat Frederic Newton John Lewis Thos. Gellies Peter Lamb Wm. Grimes James Cross Alexr. Story Robt. Conway Geo. Sinclair Wm. Alexander Wm. Willson Robt. Lister Jno. Aspell John Wright James Melly Robt. Mills Peter McDonnoway Alexr. Winchester Geo. Young | The Council appointed William Wrangham to muster the ships now in the road. It would appoint him again whenever the duty was inconvenient for Purling. Purling reported that he had boarded the Lord Camden to muster her crew and search for deserters, and had found none. Her muster roll listed these men. Nathaniel Smith, commander John Riddall, chief mate Job Strong, second mate Nathaniel Dance, third mate George Merriman, fourth mate Richard Burleigh, fifth mate Henry Bryant, sixth mate John Davidson, surgeon William Inglis, surgeon's mate Robert Scott, purser Charles Pennycook, boatswain William Hill, gunner James Griffin, carpenter Nicholas Rogers, caulker Joseph Pettit, sailmaker James Ford, cooper Thomas Hill, armourer John Gardner, carpenter's mate Andrew Leech, caulker's mate Job South, cooper's mate John Jones, ship's steward Michael Nash, gunner's mate John Stedman, boatswain's first mate Michael Brent, boatswain's second mate William Evans, ship's cook William Dandridge, captain's cook George Schaff, cook's mate Thomas Howard, quartermaster John Lowe, quartermaster James Hamilton, quartermaster Daniel Sayer, quartermaster John Morgan, quartermaster Thomas Peak, midshipman and clerk William Edmonds, midshipman John Davis, midshipman Charles Hills, midshipman John Cook, seaman Charles Trowbridge, seaman Thomas Anderson, seaman Benjamin Leaver, seaman Robert Hunt, seaman Robert Richardson, seaman John Tisdall, seaman Thomas Hall, seaman John Harvey, seaman Henry St George, seaman John Brown, seaman John Apps, seaman Samuel Freeborn, seaman William Mowat, seaman Frederick Newton, seaman John Evans, seaman Thomas Gillies, seaman Peter Lamb, seaman William Grimes, seaman James Cross, seaman Alexander Terry, seaman Robert Conway, seaman George [...], seaman William Alexander, seaman William Willson, seaman Robert Lister, seaman James Aspell, seaman John Wright, seaman James Petty, seaman Robert Mills, seaman Peter McDonough, seaman Alexander Winchester, seaman George Young, seaman Interpretations The Council could have assigned the mustering to Wrangham permanently once Purling complained of the burden. It appointed him only for the ships then in the road and for future occasions when Purling could not go. Purling had not asked to give up the duty; he had said he would keep it until the Directors decided otherwise. A permanent transfer by the Council would have pre-empted London's decision and perhaps slighted a senior colleague. Using Wrangham as a stand-in relieved Purling of the immediate strain while leaving the question of the office where Purling had placed it, with the Directors. | |
207 | 1771 John Hayward Seaman Wm. Ward Wm. Nelson Thos. Hawes Patk. McCully Glau. Johnson John Reay Wm. Brill Jacob White John Field Martin Ingram Thos. Moore Richd. Ladd Alexr. Chisholme Chas. Banks Patrick Meyer Seaman James Bryan Saml. Edwards Chas. Lynch Benj. Cottrell Joseph Smith Robt. Miller Matt. Newbury Alexr. Hutcheson Robt. Sparks James Nugent Geo. Ingram Sur. Lad Thos. Healey Claud Wright Michl. Crane Chas. Deighton Sea Lad Jona. Cass Robt. Harding Robt. Makepeace Gerrard Harman Lucas Farnshaw John Tibbington John Judge Capt. Servant John Lockard do. Wm. Smith John Penn Chief Mates do. Camden 2d. do. do. John Cook Boatsn. do. James Smith Gunners do. Jos. Miller Carpenters do. (signed) Nathl. Smith Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on board the Ships Princess Royal, Royal Captain, Houghton, Valentine, Hawke, Admiral Pocock, Duke of Glocester, Kent, Latham, and Duke of Kingston to Muster their Companys & enquire for Deserters but found none their Muster Rolls are as follow vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Princess Royal Robt. Kerr Commander Wm. Fraser Chief Mate Thos. Larkins 2 do. John Brown 3 do. Phil. Burgess 4th do. Wm. Greenhalgh 5th do. James Mills 6th do. Jno. Bradwell Surgeon James Hardie Purser James Brown Boatswain James Pye Gunner Willm. Knight Carpenter Jno. Platt Ships Steward John Griffin Capt. do. Alexr. Teasdale Mid. & Coxn. Alexr. Carmichael do. David Dundass do. Robt. Sadlier do. John Griffiths Midshipman Edwd. Jones do. James Dick do. John Mason Caulker Jos. Wallace Surg. Mate Wm. Phillips Armourer John Chambers Sailmaker Will. Duncan Q. Master Will. Baxter do. | The Lord Camden's muster roll continued. John Hayward, seaman William Stead, seaman William Nelson, seaman Thomas Hawson, seaman Patrick McCrelly, seaman Claus Johnson, seaman John Kay, seaman William Bell, seaman Jacob White, seaman John Field, seaman Martin Ingram, seaman Thomas Mason, seaman Richard Lade, seaman Alexander Chisholm, seaman Charles Banks, seaman Patrick Megan, seaman James Bryan, seaman Samuel Edwards, seaman Charles Lynch, seaman Benjamin Cotterell, seaman Joseph Smith, seaman Gabriel Miller, seaman Matthew Newberry, seaman Alexander Hutcheson, seaman Robert Sparks, seaman James Nugent, seaman George Ingram, sea boy Thomas Healey, seaman Edmund Wright, seaman Robert Crane, seaman Charles Dighton, sea boy Jonathan Cass, seaman Robert Harding, seaman Robert Makepeace, seaman Garret Herman, seaman Lucas Fearnshaw, seaman John [...], seaman John Judge, captain's servant John Jackson, captain's servant William Smith, captain's servant John Dovers, chief mate's servant [...] Camden, second mate's servant John Cook, boatswain's servant James Smith, gunner's servant James Miller, carpenter's servant Captain Nathaniel Smith signed the roll. William Wrangham reported that he had boarded the Princess Royal, the Royal Captain, the Houghton, the Valentine, the Hawke, the Admiral Pocock, the Duke of Gloucester, the Kent, the Latham and the Duke of Kingston to muster their crews and search for deserters, and had found none. The muster roll of the Princess Royal began as follows. Robert [...], commander William Fraser, chief mate Thomas Larkins, second mate John Brown, third mate Philip Burgess, fourth mate William Greenhalgh, fifth mate James Mills, sixth mate [...], surgeon James Hardie, purser James Brown, boatswain James Pye, gunner William Knight, carpenter Isaac Platt, ship's steward John Griffin, captain's steward Alexander Tweedale, midshipman and coxswain Alexander Carmichael, midshipman David Dundas, midshipman Robert Sadler, midshipman John Griffiths, midshipman Edward Jones, midshipman James Dick, midshipman John Mason, caulker Joseph Phillips, surgeon's mate William Phillips, armourer John Chambers, sailmaker Matthew Duncan, quartermaster William Baxter, quartermaster Interpretations Wrangham mustered ten ships in the days following Purling's letter, more than Purling had mustered since February. The scale of the task explains Purling's complaint. Each Indiaman carried well over 100 men, so a single round of the road meant calling over more than 1,000 names from an open boat. Finding no deserters on any of the ten was the expected result. The muster was a deterrent as much as a search, and four deserters from India had already given themselves up on 29 April 1771 rather than face it. | |
208 | 30th April Alexr. Conquer Q. Master David Jenkins do. Geo. Thompson do. Christ. Armstrong do. Geo. Brooks Capt. Cook Jno. Steward Ships do. Jno. Thompson Boatsn. Mate Richd. Hart do. Robt. Steward Gunners do. Thos. Harwood Carpt. do. Thos. Carey 2 do. Wm. Sedgwick Caulkers do. Luc. Hayes Coopers do. Thos. Avery Butcher Andw. Cameron Seaman Robt. Willson Nathl. Clarke Geo. Latcher Wm. Tadwell Edw. O'Donnel Wm. Gillenshaw Simon Bolton Jos. Saunders Jas. Brookes Wm. Alexander Jacob Johnson Wm. Jackling Saml. Allen Seaman Jno. Lynch Thos. Dick Wm. Hilsall John Stallon Richd. Billing Henry Davis Wm. Booth John Mason Wm. Curry Jas. Dee Thos. Eaden Thos. Armstrong Saml. Ashfall Jonth. Manning Robt. Betty Richd. Davenport John Ray Jno. Reed Wm. Hart Jas. Hart Israel Stones Wm. Spence Nichs. Leedy Edwd. Freeman Henry Penney Robt. Henderson Seaman Patk. Corry Thos. Liddle John Jeffery's Geo. Cowley James Pike Oliver Gallop Jas. White Chas. Watts Wm. Grigg Peter Whale Jas. Duncan Jas. Paterson Capt. Servt. Jno. Regan do. Thos. Thomas Chief Mates do. Jas. Brookes 2d. do. do. Jno. Day Boatsn. do. Jas. Smith Gunners do. Wm. Marlow Carpt. do. Jas. Cummings Sailmakers do. Geo. Bye Seaman Danl. Wolfe John Fairbank Richd. Jesson Step. Hurst Robt. Brown John Malcomb (signed) Robert Kerr | The Princess Royal's muster roll continued. Alexander Conquer, quartermaster David Jenkins, quartermaster George Thompson, quartermaster Christopher Armstrong, quartermaster George Brooks, captain's cook John Steward, ship's cook John Thompson, boatswain's mate Richard Hart, boatswain's mate Robert Steward, gunner's mate Thomas Hammond, carpenter's mate Thomas Carne, carpenter's second mate William Sedgwick, caulker's mate Lewis Hayes, cooper's mate Thomas Avery, butcher Andrew Cameron, seaman Robert Willson, seaman Nathaniel Clarke, seaman George Latcher, seaman William Tadwell, seaman Edward O'Donnell, seaman William Gillespie, seaman Ambrose Bolton, seaman John Saunders, seaman James Brookes, seaman William Alexander, seaman Jacob Johnson, seaman William Jackling, seaman Samuel Allen, seaman John Lynch, seaman Thomas Dick, seaman William Hebsell, seaman John Hatton, seaman Richard Billing, seaman Henry Davis, seaman William Booth, seaman John Mason, seaman William Curry, seaman James Doe, seaman Thomas Eaton, seaman Thomas Armstrong, seaman Samuel Ashfall, seaman Jonathan Manning, seaman Robert Batty, seaman Richard Davenport, seaman John Ray, seaman James Reid, seaman William Hart, seaman James Hart, seaman Israel Stones, seaman Abraham Spence, seaman Nicholas Seedy, seaman Edward Freeman, seaman Herbert Penney, seaman Robert Henderson, seaman Patrick Corey, seaman Thomas Liddle, seaman John Jeffreys, seaman George Corby, seaman James Pike, seaman Oliver Gallop, seaman James White, seaman Charles Watts, seaman William Grigg, seaman Peter Whale, seaman James Duncan, seaman James Patterson, captain's servant John Fagan, captain's servant Thomas Thomas, chief mate's servant James Brookes, second mate's servant James Day, boatswain's servant Joseph Smith, gunner's servant William Marlow, carpenter's servant James Cummings, cabin boy George Bye, seaman Daniel Wolfe, seaman John Fairbank, seaman Richard [...], seaman Joseph Hurst, seaman Robert Brown, seaman John Malcomb, seaman Captain Robert Horn signed the roll. | |
209 | 1771 Muster Roll of Ship Royal Captain Edwd. Berens Commander Jno. Quick Chief Mate Anthony Hast Sec. do. Jno. Atkin Hansford 3 do. Joseph Jordan 4 do. Geo. Davidson Surgeon Robt. Madan Purser Wm. Ham Surgl. Mate Walter Thompson 5 do. Jas. Rutherford Surg. Mate James Hill Boatswain John Mardy Carpenter Jno. Willey Gunner Walter Ross Midshipman David Powell do. James Sanderson do. John Harding do. Jas. Forsyth Q. Master James Rowuls do. Jno. Davidson do. Lawrence Hayes Capt. Steward Thos. Bass Ships do. Saml. Wynn Carpt. Mate Thos. Chandler Coopers do. Jno. Anderson Gunners do. Jno. Smart Boatsn. Mate Jonas Bucket Caulkers do. John Bottingall Ships Cook Jos. D. Saville Capt. do. Thos. Mardy Sailmaker John Maxwell Armourer [...] Seaman John Roberts Taylor Thos. Roberts Poulterer Anthony Joseph Seaman Wm. Nash [...] Hicks Jas. Charles John Rowlands Michl. Cowley Thos. Taylor Wm. Walton John Anderson [...] Robert Smith Thos. Stephens John Flack Robert Robinson Wm. Bradford Thos. Williams John Lucas Henry Tate Jona. Cooke Peter Benson John Hoppe Wm. Glynn James Stephens Wm. Waite Henry Cooke Anthony Joseph John Ingledew Matt. Bell Seaman Wm. Bowden John Richardson John Burns Thos. Henderson Michael Watson John Cocky Wm. Reed Alexr. Nicholson John Holden Samuel Black Richd. Smith Henry [...] John Hyde [...] Cole Robt. England Anthony [...] J. Burchell [...] Richd. Walker Capt. Servant Richd. Lewis 2 Mates do. Geo. Simpson Surgeons do. Micah Hand Boatsn. do. Thos. King Carpenters do. Richd. Hunt Gunners do. Passengers vizt. Mr. De Salvin Agrafin Salvare [...] | The muster roll of the Royal Captain listed these men. Edward Berens, commander John Quick, chief mate Anthony [...], second mate John Atkin Blanshard, third mate Joseph Jordan, fourth mate George Davidson, surgeon Robert Madan, purser William [...], [...] mate Walter Thompson, [...] mate James Rutherford, [...] mate James Hill, boatswain John Marty, carpenter James Wilby, gunner Walter Pace, midshipman David Powell, midshipman Timothy Gray, ship's [...] William Mackenley, caulker John Jackson, cooper John Curtis, armourer Thomas Davis, surgeon's mate Richard Bless, carpenter's mate John King, carpenter's second mate James Oakshall, carpenter's second mate John Scott, gunner's mate John Boulton, caulker's mate Richard Fluker, quartermaster William Laurimore, quartermaster Alleck McClane, seaman Thomas Kinnon, seaman Richard Knight, seaman [...] Simmons, butcher John Roberts, tailor Thomas Roberts, poulterer Anthony Joseph, seaman William Scott, seaman Daniel Hicks, seaman James Charles, seaman John Rowlands, seaman Mark Conley, seaman Thomas Taylor, seaman William Holden, seaman John Anderson, seaman Thomas Hicks, seaman Robert Searle, seaman Joseph Hughes, seaman Richard Jackson, seaman Magnus Jameson, seaman John Johnson, seaman James Kirkwood, seaman Thomas Love, seaman Peter Morgan, seaman Peter Mois, seaman Robert Nichols, seaman George Becket, seaman George Ranson, seaman Henry Wilcox, seaman William Roberts, seaman Walter Simpson, seaman John Scott senior, seaman Elias Scobell, seaman Matthew Bell, seaman William Lowden, seaman John Richardson, seaman John Brown, seaman Thomas Henderson, seaman Michael Walters, seaman John Cooley, seaman William [...], seaman Peter Nicholson, seaman John Holden, seaman Lawrence Bush, seaman Richard Smith, seaman Henry Shuter, seaman John Pyle, seaman Richard Stratton, seaman John Strong, seaman Jeremiah Dunnaven, seaman William Savage, seaman Peter Rawlings, seaman William Messenger, seaman Henry Cooke, seaman Edward Younge, seaman Martin Henson, seaman James Heaton, seaman William Hanson, seaman Mark Bailey, seaman James Hind, seaman John Jones, seaman Thomas Petty, seaman Charles Elphinstone, seaman [...], captain's servant Richard Walker, captain's servant Richard Davies, chief mate's servant George Simpson, surgeon's servant Abraham Hand, boatswain's servant Thomas Long, carpenter's servant Richard Hunt, gunner's servant Mr De Solvin, passenger, with [...] | |
210 | 30th April Muster Roll of Ship Houghton Wm. Smith Commander Wm. Hall Chief Mate Thos. Johnstone 2 do. Wm. Nicholson 3 do. John Seagrave 5 do. James Carrick Surgeon James Morrice Midshipman John Rogers do. Thos. Thomas do. Wm. McEwen do. Wm. Border do. Jno. Easton do. Jno. Bowen Gunner David Briggs Carpenter Abel Budge Boatswain Saml. Thomas Capt. Stewd. Walter Wheatley Ships do. George King Capt. Cook Timothy Gray Ships do. Wm. McKenley Caulker John Jackson Cooper John Curtis Armourer Thos. Davis Surg. Mate Richd. Bishop Carpt. Mate John King do. 2 James Pickstall do. John Scott Gunr. Mate John Boulden Caulk. do. Richd. Fisher Q. Master Wm. Lawrence do. Alleck McClane Thos. Kinnon Richd. Knight Jonathan Tempsy Q. Master John Bristow do. Jno. Hough Chief Mates Servt. Michl. Raymond 2 Mates do. James Wick Surg. do. John Casey Boatsn. Boy Mile End Gunners do. John Patterson Carpt. do. Henry Blake Seaman Henry Bekker John Russell Victor Baker Wm. Chambers James Cunningham James Foster James Gordon James Holmes Joseph Hughes Richd. Jackson Magnus Jameson John Johnson James Rickwood Thos. Love Peter Morgan Peter Muir Robert Nichols Geo. Bicket Geo. Ransom Henry Wilder Wm. Roberts Walter Simpson John Scott Senr. Elias Isabell Adam Watson Seaman Stephen White Jno. Thos. Colden Saml. Sells Bernard Fender Gerrit Adrian John Johnson Nils Larson Hendrick Jansen Morris Everson Thos. Ryland Barth. Campbell Henry Simpson Nichs. Bye John Bellestanne Geo. McFerson Francs. Penle Richd. Stallon John Strong Jos. Bunnamen Wm. Savage Peter Hamburgo Wm. Hopwyn Henry Locke Edwd. Grange Morton Thomson James Heston Wm. Hanson Mark Bailey James Hood John Jones Thos. Petty Chas. Elphinston | The muster roll of the Houghton listed these men. William Smith, commander William Hall, chief mate Thomas Johnstone, second mate William Nicholson, third mate John Seagrave, fourth mate James Carrick, surgeon James Moore, midshipman John Rogers, midshipman Thomas Thomas, midshipman William McEwen, midshipman William Border, midshipman James Seaton, midshipman James Brown, gunner David Briggs, carpenter Abel Badger, boatswain Samuel Thomas, captain's steward Walter Whateley, ship's steward George King, captain's cook Timothy Gray, ship's cook William Mackenley, caulker John Jackson, cooper John Curtis, armourer Thomas Davis, surgeon's mate Richard Bless, carpenter's mate John King, carpenter's second mate James Oakshall, carpenter's second mate John Scott, gunner's mate John Boulton, caulker's mate Richard Fluker, quartermaster William Laurimore, quartermaster Alleck McClane, seaman Thomas Kinnon, seaman Richard Knight, seaman Jonathan Tempey, quartermaster John Bristow, quartermaster John Hough, chief mate's servant Mark Haymond, second mate's servant James Wick, surgeon's servant John Case, boatswain's boy Miles End, gunner's servant John Patterson, captain's servant Henry Blake, seaman Henry Ritcher, seaman John Rapsell, seaman Victor Baker, seaman William Chambers, seaman James Cunningham, seaman James Foster, seaman James Gordon, seaman James Holmes, seaman Joseph Hughes, seaman Richard Jackson, seaman Magnus Jameson, seaman John Johnson, seaman James Kirkwood, seaman Thomas Love, seaman Peter Morgan, seaman Peter Mois, seaman Robert Nichols, seaman George Becket, seaman George Ranson, seaman Henry Wilcox, seaman William Roberts, seaman Walter Simpson, seaman John Scott senior, seaman Elias Scobell, seaman Adam Watson, seaman Stephen White, seaman John [...], seaman Samuel Selb, seaman Bennet Tinder, seaman Gerrit Adrian, seaman John Johnson, seaman Nils Larson, seaman Hendrick Jansen, seaman Morris Evenson, seaman Thomas Ryland, seaman Booth Campbell, seaman Henry Simpson, seaman Nicholas Rose, seaman John [...], seaman George McPherson, seaman Francis Pruitt, seaman Richard Stratton, seaman John Strong, seaman Jeremiah Dunnaven, seaman William Savage, seaman Peter Rawlings, seaman William Messenger, seaman Henry Cooke, seaman Edward Younge, seaman Martin Henson, seaman James Heaton, seaman William Hanson, seaman Mark Bailey, seaman James Hind, seaman John Jones, seaman Thomas Petty, seaman Charles Elphinstone, seaman Interpretations Several of the Houghton's seamen bore Scandinavian and Dutch names, among them Nils Larson, Hendrick Jansen, Morris Evenson and Gerrit Adrian. Company ships filled gaps left by death and desertion wherever they could, and Danish, Swedish and Dutch sailors were often discharged in Asian ports from their own nations' East Indiamen. They signed on with English ships for the passage home, just as lascars made up the crews of others such as the Prince of Wales. | |
211 | 1771 John Thurston Seaman Ralph Andrews John De Rozario Lascar Thos. Albany Seaman Wm. Chapman Passengers vizt. Colonel & Mrs. Ironwood Dr. Clarke Mr. Bell Mr. Cunningham Miss Fisher Master Payer do. Gresham 6 Servts. belonging to the Passengrs. (signed) Willm. Smith Muster Roll of Ship Valentine Chas. Purvis Commander Edw. Westropp Chief Mate Thos. Neale 2 do. Jas. Rest 3 do. Chas. Steward 4 do. Henry Sedgwick 5 do. Wm. White Midshipman Geo. Forbes do. Saml. Wheadon do. Geo. Millet do. Wm. Nicholl do. & Coxswain John Ruddall Purser Wm. Arnott Surgeon David Hay Surg. Mate John Stirling Gunner John Colloquhoun Carpent. Wm. Cole Caulker John Penfold Boatswain Henry Yates Armourer Michl. Ammerson Sailmaker Jno. Taylor Cooper John Banks Ships Stewd. Richd. Jones Capt. do. John Lane Ships Cook Thos. Leighton Capt. do. Jno. Pyer Carpt. 1 Mate Jno. Lushmouth 2 do. Jno. Atkins Gunr. Mate Wm. Newnham Boats. Mate Danl. Smith do. 2 do. Wm. Flat Caulk. Mate Stephen Payne Butcher Wm. Sobing Q. Master Robt. Seabright do. Peter Seabright Q. master Luke Edens do. David Hardey do. Danl. Dagby do. Geo. Stilwell Seaman Robt. Miles Richd. Forrest Jno. Ritchie Geo. Cunningham Thos. Waller Wm. Rigmore Henry Shaw Peter Jefferys John Adsell James Penfold Robt. Mills John Fox | The Houghton's muster roll concluded. John Kingston, seaman Ralph Anderson, seaman John De Rosario, lascar Thomas Albany, seaman William Chapman, seaman Colonel and Mrs [...]wood, passengers Dr Clarke, passenger Mr Bell, passenger Mrs Cunningham, passenger Miss Fisher, passenger Master Payne, passenger Master Gresham, passenger Servants belonging to the passengers, 6 Captain William Smith signed the roll. The muster roll of the Valentine began as follows. Charles [...], commander Edward Westropp, chief mate Thomas Newte, second mate John Best, third mate Charles Steward, fourth mate Henry Sedgwick, fifth mate William White, midshipman George Locke, midshipman Samuel Wheadon, midshipman George Mallet, midshipman William Nicholl, midshipman and coxswain John Russell, purser William Ansell, surgeon David Hay, surgeon's mate John Stirling, gunner John Colquhoun, carpenter William Cole, caulker John Bonfeld, boatswain Henry Yates, armourer Michael Ammerson, sailmaker John Taylor, cooper John Banks, ship's steward Richard Jones, captain's steward John Lane, ship's cook Thomas Leighton, captain's cook John Piper, carpenter's first mate John [...], carpenter's second mate John Atkins, gunner's mate William Newnham, boatswain's mate Daniel Smith, boatswain's second mate William Flat, caulker's mate Stephen Payne, butcher William Sibley, quartermaster Robert Seabright, quartermaster Peter Seabright, quartermaster Luke Olive, quartermaster David Hardy, quartermaster Daniel Digby, quartermaster George Sidwell, seaman Robert Miles, seaman Richard Forrest, seaman John Ritchie, seaman George Cunningham, seaman Thomas Walter, seaman William Rigmore, seaman Henry Shaw, seaman Peter Jeffreys, seaman John Adsell, seaman James Penfold, seaman Robert Mills, seaman John Fox, seaman Interpretations The Houghton carried a colonel and his wife, a doctor, women and children and six servants home from Bengal. Such passengers paid the commander directly for their cabins, one of the chief perquisites of an Indiaman's command. A family returning from India brought its own servants, often Indian, who made the long voyage to England with them. The children listed as Master Payne and Master Gresham were probably being sent home for schooling, as officers' sons in India usually were. | |
212 | 30th April James Gillespie Seaman John Hall Benj. Frankson John Rowe Anthony Casper Matt. Anderson Jacob Berry David Black Andrew Christopher Alexr. Grant Benj. Higgins James Cox James Garnham John Fowler John Appleby Chas. Burnham Peter Steward Robt. Walter Seaman Wm. Haley John Doyle Bartham Brayton Peter Sargs John Suttor Peter Clere Ammerlahshy Geo. Gisnell Richd. Williams Danl. Prosser Wm. Fanning Thos. Willoby Michl. Haley John Edwards Alexr. Park Joseph Layton Seaman Jno. Callery Capt. Servt. Robt. Wallace do. Jno. Bellamy 1 Mates do. Robt. Simmons 2 do. do. Richd. Jordan Surgl. do. John Mackell Carpt. do. Wm. Watson Boatsn. do. Edw. Taylor Gunners do. Jo. Morgshon Seaman James Nash Matt. Sorrell Wm. Rees Andrew Mills Robt. Ray Joseph Warehouse Joseph Clapham (signed) Purvis Muster Roll of Ship Hawke John Cotton Commander Joseph Hall Chief Mate James Ashford 2 do. John Bevan 3 do. Saml. Pitman 4 do. Jasper Parsons 5 do. Edw. Hickes Purser Dugald Lands Surgeon Thos. Batten Carpenter Wm. Clarke Gunner James Devon Boatswain Edw. Cole Ships Steward Richd. Bennet Capt. Stewd. Jacob Cock Midship. & Coxswn. Junior Jones Midshipman Richd. Morris do. Abraham Bailey do. Geo. Norris Q. Master Jas. Maclaren do. John Ramsay do. James Welch do. Thos. Davis Caulker Edw. Bryant Cooper Am. Gonsalves Sailmaker John Bells Armourer Wm. Pattinson Surg. Mate Henry Huxtable Carpt. 1 Mate Henry Middleton 2 do. Robt. Scroft Gunr. 2 do. Peter Tindall 3 do. John Theen Coopers Mate Thos. Randall Caulkers do. Jno. Boston Boats. 1 Mate Jno. White 2 do. James Light Joiner Antoy. Clements Capt. Cook | The Valentine's muster roll continued. James Gillespie, seaman John Hall, seaman Benjamin Jackson, seaman John Rowe, seaman Anthony Casper, seaman Matthew Anderson, seaman Jacob Berry, seaman David Black, seaman Andrew Christopher, seaman Alexander Grant, seaman Benjamin Higgins, seaman James Cox, seaman James Garnham, seaman John Fowler, seaman John Appleby, seaman Charles Bartram, seaman Peter Steward, seaman Robert Walker, seaman William Haley, seaman John Doyle, seaman Bartholomew Brayton, seaman Peter Jago, seaman John Sutton, seaman Peter Close, seaman Amos Murphy, seaman George Gosnell, seaman Richard Williams, seaman Daniel Brewster, seaman William Fleming, seaman Thomas Willoby, seaman Michael Haley, seaman John Edwards, seaman Alexander Park, seaman Joseph Layton, seaman John Calley, captain's servant Robert Shallow, captain's servant John Bellamy, chief mate's servant Robert Simmons, second mate's servant Richard Jordan, surgeon's servant John Mackell, carpenter's servant William Watson, boatswain's servant Edward Taylor, gunner's servant John [...], seaman James Nash, seaman Matthew Sarell, seaman William Rees, seaman Andrew Mills, seaman Robert Ray, seaman Joseph Wardhouse, seaman Joseph Clapham, seaman Captain Charles Purvis signed the roll. The muster roll of the Hawke began as follows. John Cotton, commander Joseph Hall, chief mate James Ashfield, second mate John Bevan, third mate Samuel Pitman, fourth mate Jasper Parsons, fifth mate Edward Wickes, purser Dugald Sands, surgeon Thomas Bolton, carpenter William Clarke, gunner James Dixon, boatswain Edward Cole, ship's steward Richard Bennet, captain's steward Jacob Cork, midshipman and coxswain Junius Jones, midshipman Richard Morris, midshipman Abraham Bailey, midshipman George Norris, quartermaster James Maclaren, quartermaster John Ramsey, quartermaster James Welch, quartermaster Thomas Davies, caulker Edward Bryant, cooper Anthony Gonsalves, sailmaker John Bells, armourer William Pattinson, surgeon's mate Henry [...], carpenter's first mate Henry Middleton, carpenter's second mate Robert Smith, gunner's first mate Peter Randall, gunner's second mate John Shaw, cooper's mate Thomas Randall, caulker's mate John Boston, boatswain's first mate David White, boatswain's second mate James Leigh, joiner Anthony Clements, captain's cook | |
213 | 1771 Donald McDonald Ships Cook Matt. Baker Seaman Joseph Fairmont do. John Darby Richd. Waugh James Pearce Thos. Williams John Picket Wm. Berry Oliver Robertson Christ. Leggener Thos. Wynn Israel Ware Thos. Lowrda Robt. Marshall Wm. Holman John Francis Humphrey Atkinson Alexr. Scarnway Alexr. Chesholm Wm. Blake John Fitzgerald Henry Cheesman Thos. Lewis Seaman Dennis Sonnet Julien Dawson Jas. Diamond Thos. Booth Wm. Nobeam Paul Hughs Jas. Colebrooke Jas. Manuel Richd. Belcher Danl. Busquer Peter Grant Ralph Little John Swan David Jackson Turpin Jones Thos. Robertson James Rose Thos. Bean John Roy Godfrey Mark John Fitzpatrick Seed Simpson James Rulet Seaman Paul Griffith Isaac Joseph Wm. Moore Hector Cosswell Peter Hill James Scott Jas. Thornly Wm. Cave Thos. Jonas Bliss Wm. Hughs Lee Carlton Wm. Black John Richardson Jas. Tallack Capt. Taylor Jas. Hart do. Servant Gilbert Becket do. do. Thos. Tweddell Chief Mates do. Edw. Moseley 2 Mates do. Richd. Davis Boatsn. do. John Elliot Carpent. do. Geo. Manning Gunners do. Richd. Ashton Capt. Cooks do. Passengers vizt. Benj. Lenn Esqr. Mr. Jacob Maynard Thos. Davis Mr. Lenns Servant (signed) John Cotton Muster Roll of Ship Admiral Pocock Thos. Riddell Commander Colin Douglas 1 Mate Thos. Fisher 2 do. Alexr. Cairns 3 Mate John Easterbrooke 4 do. Edw. Barker 5 do. David Simpson Surgeon Walter Urquhart Purser Jas. Todd Boatswain | The Hawke's muster roll continued. Donald McDonald, ship's cook Matthew Baker, seaman Joseph Fairmount, seaman John Darby, seaman Richard Waugh, seaman James Pearce, seaman Thomas Williams, seaman John Picket, seaman William Berry, seaman Oliver Robertson, seaman Christopher Joyner, seaman Thomas Wynn, seaman Israel Ware, seaman Thomas Lorrida, seaman Robert Marshall, seaman William Holman, seaman John Francis, seaman Humphrey Atkinson, seaman Alexander Scarroway, seaman Alexander Chisholm, seaman William Blake, seaman John Fitzgerald, seaman Henry Chessman, seaman Thomas Lewis, seaman Dennis Tonnet, seaman Julian Dawson, seaman James Diamond, seaman Thomas Booth, seaman William Nobison, seaman Paul Hughes, seaman James Colebrooke, seaman James Manuel, seaman Richard Belcher, seaman Daniel Busquet, seaman Peter Grant, seaman Ralph Little, seaman John Swan, seaman David Jackson, seaman Turpin Tomes, seaman Thomas Robertson, seaman James Rose, seaman Thomas Bean, seaman John Roy, seaman Godfrey Mark, seaman John Sedgwick, seaman Lionel Simpson, seaman James Rulet, seaman Paul Griffith, seaman Isaac Joseph, seaman William Moore, seaman Hector Cogswell, seaman Walter Stell, seaman James Scott, seaman James Ormsby, seaman William Carne, seaman Thomas Jonas Bliss, seaman William Hughes, seaman Lee Eccleston, seaman William Black, seaman John Richardson, seaman James Tullock, captain's tailor James Hunt, captain's servant Gilbert Becket, captain's servant Thomas Truddell, chief mate's servant Charles Macclure, second mate's servant Richard Davis, boatswain's servant John Elliot, carpenter's servant George Manning, gunner's servant Richard Upstone, captain's cook's servant Benjamin Torin, passenger Mrs Sarah Maynard, passenger Thomas Bean, Mr Torin's servant, passenger Captain John Cotton signed the roll. The muster roll of the Admiral Pocock began as follows. Thomas Riddell, commander Colin Douglas, chief mate Thomas Fisher, second mate Alexander Carre, third mate John Eustabrooke, fourth mate Edward Barker, fifth mate David Simpson, surgeon Walter Urquhart, purser James Todd, boatswain Interpretations Benjamin Torin, travelling home in the Hawke with his servant, was one of the Canton supercargoes whose names were on every China invoice this season. A supercargo's term ended with the season's trading, and he took his passage home in one of the ships he had loaded. The fortune he had made from commission and private trade went home in the hold with him. The island's record thus caught one of the men who decided what it was supplied with from China passing through on his way to England. | |
214 | 30th April Joseph Grayham Carpenter Geo. Littleton Gunner Thos. Patterson Caulker John Gibson Sailmaker Wm. Dobbs Cooper Wm. Smith Capt. Cook Jno. Pedro Cruiz Ships do. Thos. Gulliedy Capt. Stewd. Robt. Bruce Ships do. Thos. Monteith Mid. & Coxswn. Geo. Marshall Midshipman Baldwin Wake do. Andrew Riddell do. H. Mackinzie do. Geo. Chapman Surg. Mate Geo. Rhoades Carpt. do. Mat. Gaffney 2 do. Edw. Weatherhead Coopers do. Edw. Sharm Gunners do. John Fuller Caulkers do. Richd. Ladds Boatsn. do. Fras. Weatherington Ord. do. Wm. Jobins Armourer I. B. Scott Capt. Servt. Fras. Edwards do. John Antin 1 Mates Servt. Fras. Gascoign 2 do. do. Jabez Surgeons do. Jas. Wiggins Boats. do. Tom Carpenters do. Thos. Marshall Gunr. do. John Smith Q. Master Henry Bassett do. David Moore do. Saml. Haslen Q. Master Thos. Stubbs Seaman Matt. Swindow Peter Hosea Thos. Lyon Wm. Jones Peter Willey John Gault Saml. Jordan Thos. Mitchell Thos. Williams Richd. Angell John Dobney Jas. Osborne Chas. Simpson Jo. Scott Danl. Barty Thos. Ogilvie Wm. Coffe Abraham Harris John Robinson James Donaldson John Hassock Thos. Ockney Benj. Bourguehile Wm. Wade Wm. Castle John Burke Thos. Goddard Peter Ramsey John Charter Jos. Taylor Andrew Isbester Jas. Haggen Peter Horton John Musgrove Seaman Geo. Mayer Thos. Morgan Wm. Langford Peter Callen Robt. Addison Edw. Lusby Richd. Watts J. Brown Senr. John Bruen Wm. Carter Peter Darling Jas. Wilkins Robt. Leile Robt. Elliot Henry Andrews Jo. Watts J. Brown Junr. Benj. Hudson Alexr. Brown R. Thompson Thos. Shipley James Buxton John Seamer R. Johnson R. McLaughlane Thos. Cooke Thos. Clements R. Lee Wm. Reynolds Thos. Bat Thos. Cates Thos. Grant Richd. Busby | The Admiral Pocock's muster roll continued. Joseph Grayham, carpenter George Littleton, gunner Thomas Patterson, caulker John Gibson, sailmaker William Dobbs, cooper William Smith, captain's cook John [...], ship's cook Thomas Gulliver, captain's steward Robert Bruce, ship's steward Thomas Monteith, midshipman and coxswain George Marshall, midshipman Baldwin Wake, midshipman Andrew Riddell, midshipman H. Mackenzie, midshipman George Chapman, surgeon's mate George Rhoades, [...] mate Matthew Gaffney, second [...] mate Edward Heatherhead, carpenter's mate Edward Shawn, gunner's mate John Fuller, caulker's mate Richard Lodge, boatswain's mate Francis Worthington, boatswain's second mate William Jobins, armourer J. B. Scott, captain's servant Francis Edwards, captain's servant John Antis, chief mate's servant Francis Gascoyne, second mate's servant [...], surgeon's servant James Higgins, boatswain's servant [...], carpenter's servant Thomas Marshall, gunner's servant John Smith, quartermaster Henry Bassett, quartermaster David Moore, quartermaster Samuel Plaston, quartermaster Thomas Stubbs, seaman Matthew Anslow, seaman Peter Flora, seaman Thomas Lyon, seaman William Jones, seaman Peter Willey, seaman John Gault, seaman Samuel Jordan, seaman Thomas Mitchell, seaman Thomas Williams, seaman Richard Angell, seaman John Dobney, seaman James Osborne, seaman Charles Simpson, seaman John Scott, seaman Daniel Busby, seaman Thomas Ogilvie, seaman William Cuff, seaman Abraham Harris, seaman John Robinson, seaman James Donaldson, seaman John Havrick, seaman Thomas Ockney, seaman Bennet Bosanquet, seaman William Wade, seaman William Castle, seaman John Burke, seaman Thomas Goddard, seaman Peter Ramsey, seaman John Charter, seaman John Taylor, seaman Andrew Isbester, seaman James Haggan, seaman Peter Morton, seaman John Musgrove, seaman George Meyer, seaman Thomas Morgan, seaman William Langford, seaman Peter Callon, seaman Robert Addison, seaman Edward Ivey, seaman Richard Watts, seaman J. Brown senior, seaman John Bacon, seaman William Carter, seaman Peter Darling, seaman James Wilkins, seaman Robert Lisle, seaman Robert Elliot, seaman Henry Andrews, seaman James Watts, seaman J. Brown junior, seaman Benjamin Hudson, seaman Alexander Brown, seaman P. Thompson, seaman Thomas Murphy, seaman James Burton, seaman John Seymour, seaman P. Johnson, seaman P. McLaughlin, seaman Thomas Cooke, seaman Thomas Clements, seaman P. Lee, seaman William Reynolds, seaman Thomas Best, seaman Thomas Oates, seaman Thomas Grant, seaman Richard Busby, seaman | |
215 | 1771 Passengers vizt. Capt. Liddle Mrs. Liddle Mr. Bayly John Grant John Glynn Charterparty Passengers Jno. Telly J. Campbell J. Henderson (signed) Thomas Riddell Muster Roll of Ship Duke of Glocester John Lauder Commander John Gell Chief Mate John Crawstoun 2 do. Geo. Towers 3 do. William Harrington 4 do. Patrick Boyd 5 do. W. Anstey Midship. & Coxswn. James Gillet Midshipman Andrew Anderoff do. Jas. Rever Purser Robt. Dunham Surgeon Thos. Trimmer Gunner Wm. Gibson Boatswain Wm. Monday Q. Master Alexr. McDonald do. David Henderson do. Wm. Willson do. Geo. Bell Gunners Mate Thos. Richardson Ships Stewd. John Carr Capt. Steward Saml. Bevell Caulker Luther Leeland Carpt. 1 Mate Wm. Congo do. 2 do. Wm. Fraser Armourer Wm. Taylor Cooper Francs. Duff Caulk. Mate John Hawkes Butcher Wm. Willard Capt. Cook John Ord Sailmaker Alexr. Lewis Boats. 1 Mate James Club do. 2 do. Robert Watson Capt. Taylor John Brown do. Barber Geo. Crawstoun do. Servant Richd. Ham do. Wm. Simmonds Chief Mates do. Thos. Bartlett 2 do. do. Saml. Thornton Poulterer Ebenezer McBride Seaman Pashford Lilly Geo. Hand John Scott Saml. Thompson Alexr. London Wm. Shaw Geo. Mitchell Albert Pearson Geo. Jamison Wm. Baker Robert Wright Jas. Armstrong Henry Harrington Geo. Gordon Matt. Brown Stephen Waddale Danl. Newstead Thos. Morgan | The Admiral Pocock's muster roll concluded with her passengers. Captain Leith, passenger Mrs Leith, passenger Mr Bagly, passenger John Grant, passenger John Glynn, passenger Samuel Tully, charter-party passenger J. Campbell, charter-party passenger J. Henderson, charter-party passenger Captain Thomas Riddell signed the roll. The muster roll of the Duke of Gloucester began as follows. John Lauder, commander John Ford, chief mate John Cranstoun, second mate George Towers, third mate William Harrington, fourth mate Patrick Bird, fifth mate William Archer, midshipman and coxswain James Lind, midshipman Andrew Anderoff, midshipman James Bruce, purser Robert Dunham, surgeon Thomas Trimmer, gunner William Gibson, boatswain William Munday, quartermaster Alexander McDonald, quartermaster David Henderson, quartermaster William Wilson, quartermaster George Bell, gunner's mate Thomas Richardson, ship's steward John Carr, captain's steward Samuel Bevell, caulker Peter Garland, carpenter's first mate William Gange, carpenter's second mate William Fraser, armourer William Taylor, cooper Francis Duff, caulker's mate John Hawkes, butcher William Holland, captain's cook John Ord, sailmaker Alexander Lowe, boatswain's first mate James Clark, boatswain's second mate Robert Watson, captain's tailor John Brown, captain's barber George Cranstoun, captain's servant Richard Hyam, captain's servant William Tonnell, chief mate's servant Thomas Bartlett, second mate's servant Samuel Thornton, poulterer Ebenezer McBride, seaman Pickford Lasly, seaman George Shaird, seaman John Scott, seaman Samuel Thompson, seaman Alexander London, seaman William Shaw, seaman George Mitchell, seaman Albert Pearson, seaman George Jamieson, seaman William Bates, seaman Robert Wright, seaman James Armstrong, seaman Henry Harrington, seaman George Gordon, seaman Matthew Brown, seaman Stephen Weddale, seaman Daniel Newstead, seaman Thomas Morgan, seaman | |
216 | 30th April Andrew Toddish Seaman Jacob Bansfield John Hoskins John Bott Thos. Hobson Alexr. Mitchel Thos. Cussings Wm. Rogers Richd. Carpenter Joseph Paton Thos. McLearing Dennis McKenzie Thos. Davis James Edmison Luke Newman Seaman Danl. Campbell John Sutherland David Laton Robert Farrow Francis England Law. Vessells Joseph Morton Arthur Nutman Edw. Young Nicholas Earle Wm. Earl Danl. Clough John Minyard Wm. Cecil Seaman James Nicholls John Jefferies James Greaves Danl. Dawman Thos. Glossbury Gr. Servt. Jas. Fennel Boats. do. Jo. Bristow Carpt. do. Philip Dennis Surg. do. John Merryweather Seaman John Wells Martin Lyson Robt. Reeves Wm. Kelly Junr. (signed) John Lauder Muster Roll of Ship Kent John Miller Commander John Thompson Chief Mate Stephen McLeaver 2 do. Wm. Sandys 3 do. John Nicholls 4 do. Thos. Temple 5 do. John Hargard 6 do. John Douglass Surgeon Andw. Atkinson Boatsn. Wm. Brown Gunner Richd. Evans Carpenter Jos. Richardson Surg. Mate Wm. Smith Midshipman Christopher Sampson do. Stephen Willson do. Jno. Donaldson Midship. Thos. Shaw do. John Pavett do. Wm. Robertson Q. Master Edw. Hill do. Benj. Hardgrove Boat. mate David Shepperd Q. master John Middleton do. Jas. Willson Ships Steward Calcon Teazer Capt. do. Richd. Standing Ships Cook Antony Cock Capt. do. Abram Dixon Caulker Saml. Rathborn Armourer Wm. Chapman Sailmaker Geo. Walker Cooper Geo. Gorrick Butcher Mich. Mahoney Carpt. Mate Geo. Simson Gunners do. Jas. Fraser Boats. do. Jo. Stratton Caulk. do. Eliez. Minty Coopers do. Patrick Conner Q. master Thos. Oxley Seaman Thos. Bean John Collins John Baptiste Thos. Simson Jno. Pole Stephen Weller | The Duke of Gloucester's muster roll continued. Andrew Tedcastle, seaman Jacob Barefield, seaman John Hollins, seaman John Bolt, seaman Thomas Hobson, seaman Alexander Mitchel, seaman Thomas Casings, seaman William Rogers, seaman Richard Carpenter, seaman Joseph Paton, seaman Thomas McLearing, seaman Dennis McKinnie, seaman Thomas Davis, seaman James Cameron, seaman Luke Newman, seaman Daniel Campbell, seaman John Sutherland, seaman David Liston, seaman Robert Farrow, seaman Francis England, seaman Lawrence Wessels, seaman Joseph Morton, seaman Arthur Nutman, seaman Edward Young, seaman Nicholas Earle, seaman William Earl, seaman Daniel Gough, seaman John Mainyard, seaman William Cecil, seaman James Nicholls, seaman John Jefferies, seaman James Greaves, seaman Daniel Dawman, seaman Thomas Glosbury junior, seaman James Tennel, boatswain's servant John Bristow, captain's servant Philip Dennis, surgeon's servant John Merryweather, seaman John Wells, seaman Martin Lyon, seaman Robert Rivers, seaman William Kelly junior, seaman Captain John Lauder signed the roll. The muster roll of the Kent began as follows. John Millet, commander John Thompson, chief mate Stephen [...], second mate William Sandys, third mate John Nicholls, fourth mate Thomas Temple, fifth mate John Maynard, sixth mate John Douglas, surgeon Andrew Atkinson, boatswain William Bruen, gunner Richard Evans, carpenter James Richardson, surgeon's mate William Smith, midshipman Christopher Simpson, midshipman Stephen Willson, midshipman James Donaldson, midshipman Thomas Shaw, midshipman John Pacott, midshipman W. Robertson, quartermaster Edward Still, quartermaster Benjamin Hardgrove, boatswain's mate David Shepherd, quartermaster John Middleton, quartermaster James Willson, ship's steward Callum Fraser, captain's steward Richard Standeline, ship's cook Antony Cook, captain's cook Abraham Dixon, caulker Samuel Rathbone, armourer William Chapman, sailmaker George Walker, cooper George Yorick, butcher Richard Mahoney, carpenter's mate George Simson, gunner's mate Samuel Fraser, boatswain's mate John Stratton, caulker's mate Ebenezer Manby, cooper's mate Patrick Connor, quartermaster Thomas Petty, seaman Thomas Bown, seaman John Collins, seaman John Baptiste, seaman Thomas Simpson, seaman John Pole, seaman Stephen Weller, seaman | |
217 | 1771 Wm. Young Seaman Wm. Palmer John Jennings John Jacobs John Miller Stephen Bridgeman Andw. Bloomberg Wm. Mills W. Henderson Robt. Ballard Thos. Lambeth Jo. Neale Saml. Drummond Robert Brent Richd. Browne Geo. Watson John Duff Thos. Bradley Charles White Wm. Pearson Seaman Valentine Bradhouse Vincent Romanko John Child Alexr. Gillum Peter Henderson Thos. Hassell Jos. Berry Wm. Kitchen John Powell Wm. Smith Wm. Swanson John Humfrey Jona. Shaver Wm. Sterling John Fenwick John Wallace Frederick Lane Robt. Mole Seaman Thos. Sheriff Nicholas Mount Thos. Hamilton Capt. Servant John Macca do. Jno. Williams Chief Mates do. Jas. England 2 do. do. Geo. England Doctors do. Jas. McCallah Boatns. do. Jos. Stephens Carpt. do. Cornelius Christian Seaman Ocon Peters Jos. Valentine Juned Chink Christian Peters Jasper Cash Matt. Purfoll John Potter Andrews Dick (signed) John Miller Muster Roll of Ship Latham John Prince Commander John Hymers Chief Mate Patrick Gutterly 2 do. Lewis Belfour 3 do. John Haggot 4 do. Geo. Fletcher 5 do. Geo. Lolley 6 do. John B. Hodson Purser Ankelis Surgeon Geo. Ridley Gunner Edw. Ball Carpenter Jos. Wagman Boatswain David Lawson Midship. Nichs. Caravaga do. Thos. Watts do. Robt. Henderson do. Jam. Benson do. Saml. Lawson Ships Stew. Jos. Osborne Capt. do. John Werner Surg. Mate Robt. Barker Q. Master Stephen Mowery do. John Burns Q. Master John White do. Wm. Ewell do. John Gandy Caulker John Flowers Cooper David Matthews Capt. Cook Wm. Smith Ships do. Jo. Colleson Gunr. Mate Thos. Cook Carpt. 1st do. Nat. Ives do. 2 do. Andw. Richardson Sailmaker | The Kent's muster roll continued. William Young, seaman W. Palmer, seaman John Jennings, seaman John Gaines, seaman John Miller, seaman Stephen Bridgman, seaman Andrew Bloomberg, seaman William Mills, seaman W. Henderson, seaman Robert Pollard, seaman Thomas Lambeth, seaman James Neale, seaman Samuel Drummond, seaman Robert Paint, seaman Richard Bowne, seaman George Watson, seaman John Duff, seaman Thomas Bradley, seaman Charles White, seaman William Pearson, seaman Valentine Bradhouse, seaman Vincent Armando, seaman John Child, seaman Alexander Gillam, seaman Peter Henderson, seaman Thomas Hazell, seaman Joseph Berry, seaman William Kitchen, seaman John Powell, seaman William Smith, seaman William Swanson, seaman John Humphrey, seaman Jonathan Mearer, seaman William Sterling, seaman John Berwick, seaman John Wallace, seaman Frederick Jan, seaman Robert Mole, seaman Thomas Sheriff, seaman Nicholas Mount, seaman Thomas Hamilton, captain's servant John Macca, captain's servant James Williams, chief mate's servant James England, second mate's servant George England, surgeon's servant James McCollah, boatswain's servant James Stephens, carpenter's servant Cornelius Christian, seaman Ocos Peter, seaman James Valentine, seaman Samuel Chink, seaman Christian Peters, seaman Jasper Oak, seaman Matthew Purcell, seaman John Peter, seaman Andrew Dick, seaman Captain John Miller signed the roll. The muster roll of the Latham began as follows. John Prince, commander John Mynors, chief mate Patrick Tackaberry, second mate Lewis Bellfour, third mate John Haggett, fourth mate George Fletcher, fifth mate George Lolley, sixth mate John B. Hodson, purser [...] Ankelin, surgeon George Bidley, gunner Edward Ball, carpenter Joseph Wagman, boatswain David Lamson, midshipman Nicholas Carranza, midshipman Thomas Watts, midshipman Robert Henderson, midshipman James Bowen, midshipman James Simson, ship's steward Joseph Osborne, captain's steward John Warner, surgeon's mate Richard Barker, quartermaster Stephen Mowery, quartermaster John Bowe, quartermaster John White, quartermaster William Lovell, quartermaster John Gandy, caulker John Thomas, cooper David Matthews, captain's cook William Smith, ship's cook John Collison, gunner's mate Thomas Coombe, carpenter's first mate Nathaniel Ives, carpenter's second mate Andrew Richardson, sailmaker | |
218 | 30th April Wm. Evans Caulk. Mate Wm. Ward Coopers do. John Price Boats. 1st Mate Wm. Skilton do. 2 do. Wm. Biggs Seaman John Gray Benj. Fox Wm. Hague Thos. Hensley Fras. Grey Jno. Henning Wm. Drummond Jo. Hill Isaac Pursley Wm. Sapham Thos. Preston Robt. Gillis Chas. Parker Danl. Anderson Jno. Bean Wm. Harper Thos. Hawley Jno. Tindly Seaman John Sutton Jo. Beadle John Champness Mark Bowron Wm. Cull Robt. Reynolds Saml. Smilter Chas. Dickson David Moore Jno. Howell Wm. Conner Robt. Watt Jno. Bishop Patrick Hebron John Pegar John Dunneman Saml. Baker Henry Dawson Rainsborow Jees Jos. La Barty Geo. Armstrong Alexr. Frazier Wm. Wilson Seaman Wm. Brightman Chas. Ross Jno. Bruce Henry Carree Andw. McLaren Owen Morgan Wm. Hart Richd. Becket Jos. Lawrence Jas. Hart Jno. Broderick John Grinham Jo. Roberts Geo. Harris Jos. Henson Surg. Servt. Geo. Bridges Boats. do. Jas. Hewill Carpt. do. John Carter Gunr. do. Chas. Lindegreen Thos. Mamison Capt. do. Othello Seaman Mr. Wm. Brown Passenger (signed) John Prince Muster Roll of Ship Duke of Kingston Richd. Morrison Commander Robert Mew Chief Mate Wm. McIntosh 2 do. Angus McNab 3 do. Wm. Thomas 4 do. Jos. Haughs West 5 do. Wm. Spurr 6 Mate Wm. Stones Purser Thos. Hilton Surgeon James Shaw Carpenter Benj. Dunning Gunner Walter Wett Boatswain James Malone Ships Stewd. Thos. Cooper Cooper R. Bainbrough Capt. Cook Jo. Flavies Carpt. Mate Wm. Clarke do. 2 do. Isaac Gregory 3 do. | The Latham's muster roll continued. William Evans, caulker's mate William Ward, cooper's mate John Price, boatswain's first mate William Skilton, boatswain's second mate William Biggs, seaman John Grey, seaman John Fox, seaman William Hague, seaman Thomas Horsley, seaman Francis Gay, seaman John Horning, seaman William Drummond, seaman James Hill, seaman Isaac Pursley, seaman William Stapleton, seaman Theophilus Preston, seaman Patrick Gillis, seaman Charles Jackson, seaman Daniel Anderson, seaman John Bean, seaman William Harper, seaman Thomas Hartley, seaman John Tindly, seaman John Salter, seaman James Beadle, seaman John Champness, seaman Mark Bowen, seaman William Cull, seaman Robert Reynolds, seaman Samuel Smiles, seaman Charles Dickson, seaman David Moor, seaman John Howell, seaman William Conner, seaman Peter Watt, seaman John Archer, seaman Patrick Hebron, seaman John Piper, seaman John Dunneman, seaman Samuel Bates, seaman Henry Dawson, seaman Rainsbow Ives, seaman Joseph La Barty, seaman George Armstrong, seaman Alexander Frazer, seaman W. Wilmot, seaman William Brightman, seaman Charles Ross, seaman John Bruce, seaman Henry Carree, seaman Andrew McLaren, seaman Owen Morgan, seaman William Hart, seaman Richard Becket, seaman Joseph Lawrence, seaman Joseph Short, seaman John Broderick, seaman John Grinham, seaman James Roberts, seaman George Shaver, seaman John Hanson, surgeon's servant George Rodger, boatswain's servant James Neill, gunner's servant John Linton, carpenter's servant Charles Lindegren, captain's servant Thomas Mansion, captain's servant Othello Freeman, seaman Mr William Brown, passenger Captain John Prince signed the roll. The muster roll of the Duke of Kingston began as follows. Richard Morrison, commander Robert Maw, chief mate William McIntosh, second mate Angus McNab, third mate William Thomas, fourth mate Joseph [...], fifth mate William Spurr, sixth mate William Stones, purser Thomas Hilton, surgeon James Shaw, carpenter Benjamin Dunning, gunner Walter Witt, boatswain James Malone, ship's steward Thomas Casper, cooper R. Brinsborough, captain's cook Joseph Flores, carpenter's mate William Clarke, carpenter's second mate Isaac Gregory, carpenter's third mate | |
219 | 1771 Jo. Roberts Caulker Thos. Bickley Gunr. Mate Danl. McIntosh Q. Master Wm. Lang do. Geo. Newman Thos. Reed Wm. Martin Thos. Day Edw. Turner Saml. Richards Sailmaker Nichs. Saunford Armourer Luke Rodman Boats. Mate Jo. Rick 2 do. Richd. Morrison Junr. Midship. Wm. Goodman do. Geo. Fletcher do. Wm. Wilkinson do. Henry Elliott do. Thos. Hughes do. John Rodman do. James Flowers do. Richd. Haverty Seaman Wm. Rawson do. John Taylor do. John Malone do. Hans Christian do. Cornelius Johnston do. Christ. Blackman Surg. Servt. John Shillingworth Gunr. do. Thos. Briggs Boatswains do. Saml. Johnston Baker John Francisco Ships Cook John Kingston Capt. Servant Benj. Hunter Seaman Jo. Thompson George Clarke Wm. Forbes John Stockbridge Wm. Fisher Jno. Franklin Thos. Campion Richd. Low Peter Lewis Andrew Stockley Christopher Jones John Atkinson Collen Morrison Geo. Glover Edwd. Anthony Saml. Mumford John White John Beck James Singleton James Harding Thos. Britton Andrew Wines Seaman John Vandermark Joseph Brown John Peters John Marcus James Humble Wm. Jarrett John Mullins Benj. Bull John Hatcher Peter Manly John Edwards Henry Ward Geo. Lane John Harvey Hugh Millican Richd. Spratt Peter Ross Thos. Dayley Thos. Kenn John Parkinson Peter Anseeij Francisco De Resonor Anthony De Lima Anthony Joze Henry Francisco Manuel Mount Passengers vizt. Captain Hollen Mr. Gosling Mr. Brown Mr. Broadbank Mr. Crawford Miss Polly Goodwin | The Duke of Kingston's muster roll continued. John Roberts, caulker Thomas Bentley, gunner's mate Daniel McIntosh, quartermaster William Lang, quartermaster George Newman, quartermaster Thomas Reed, quartermaster William Martin, quartermaster Thomas Day, quartermaster Edward Turner, quartermaster Samuel Richards, sailmaker Nicholas Gunford, armourer John Bodman, boatswain's mate James Peck, boatswain's second mate Richard Morrison junior, midshipman William Goodman, midshipman George Fletcher, midshipman William Wilkinson, midshipman Henry Elliott, midshipman Thomas Hughes, midshipman John Bedman, midshipman James Thomas, midshipman Robert Hamilton, seaman William Tipson, seaman John Taylor, seaman John Malone, seaman Hans Christian, seaman Cornelius Johnston, seaman Christopher Blackman, surgeon's servant John Hollingsworth, gunner's servant Thomas Briggs, boatswain's servant Samuel Johnston, butcher John Francisco, ship's cook John Kingston, captain's servant Benjamin Slater, seaman James Thompson, seaman George Clarke, seaman William Forbes, seaman John Stockbridge, seaman John Lamkin, seaman Thomas Campion, seaman Richard Cox, seaman Peter Lewis, seaman Andrew Stockley, seaman Christopher Jones, seaman John Atkinson, seaman Colin Morrison, seaman George Glover, seaman Edward Authbent, seaman Samuel Mumford, seaman John White, seaman John Buck, seaman James Singleton, seaman James Harding, seaman Thomas Button, seaman Andrew Winn, seaman John Vandernack, seaman Joseph Browne, seaman John Peters, seaman John Marcus, seaman James Shamble, seaman William Jarrett, seaman John Mullins, seaman Benjamin Bull, seaman John Hatcher, seaman Peter Manly, seaman John Edwards, seaman Henry Ward, seaman George Lane, seaman John Harvey, seaman Hugh Millican, seaman Richard Spratt, seaman Peter Ross, seaman Thomas Dayly, seaman Thomas Wren, seaman John Parkinson, seaman Peter Assey, seaman Francisco De Rosario, seaman Anthony De Lima, seaman Anthony Joze, seaman Henry Francisco, seaman Manuel Mart, seaman Captain Halton, passenger Mr Gosling, passenger Mr Brown, passenger Mrs Brandbank, passenger Mrs Crawford, passenger Miss Polly Godwin, passenger Interpretations The last names on the Duke of Kingston's roll, Francisco De Rosario, Anthony De Lima, Anthony Joze and their companions, were Portuguese or Indo-Portuguese seamen, probably taken on in Bengal from the Christian communities of Portuguese descent that had settled around the Company's Indian ports. Like the lascars on other ships, they show how far the homeward Indiamen depended on men recruited in Asia to replace English sailors lost to disease and desertion on the outward voyage and in Indian waters. | |
220 | 30th April Miss Sucky Goodwin Miss Peggy Nicol Miss Richfords Miss Polly Nixon Master John Holles Mutea Servant Charles do. Joseca do. Jack do. Thos. Ewick do. Mary do. Phillis do. Salisbury do. Thomas do. (signed) R. Morrison John Skottowe Danl. Corneille Purling | The Duke of Kingston's list of passengers concluded with several young people and their servants. Miss Sucky Goodwin, passenger Miss Peggy Nicol, passenger Miss Richfords, passenger Miss Polly Nixon, passenger Master John Holles, passenger Mutea, servant Charles, servant Josca, servant Jack, servant Thomas Ewick, servant Mary, servant Phillis, servant Salisbury, servant Thomas, servant Captain Richard Morrison signed the roll. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The young passengers on the Duke of Kingston were girls and a boy from Company families in India, sent to England for schooling or to be placed with relatives. They travelled without parents, in the care of the commander and the adult passengers aboard. Most of the servants carried only a single name: Mutea, Josca, Phillis, Salisbury. They were probably Indian or African servants, some perhaps slaves, accompanying the children to England. Only Thomas Ewick had a surname. Recording them by first name alone matched the usual practice for servants and slaves on Company ships, whose identity mattered to the roll only as the property or dependants of the passengers they served. | |
221 | 3d. May At a Consultation held on Friday the 3d. day of May 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 30th April 1771 Wednesday the 1st May Died Wm. Duff Private do. do. Arrived His Majesty's Ship Endeavour from the Cape do. do. the Europa's Boat at Banks's at half past one OClock in the Morning do. do. The Honble. Company's Ship Europa from Bengal last from the Cape and brought us the following Supplies Invoice of Ship Europa Rice Fine 60 Bags Wt. B. Md. 120 @ 3 pr. Maund 388 12 9 Sugar 10 Bags F. Md. 20 @ 17 4 do. 345 Paddy 15 Bags 22 20 @ 2 8 do. 56 4 Wax Candles 4 Chests 8 @ 75 pr. do. 600 Batavia Arrack 2 Ld. @ 140 pr. Leager 302 6 6 1692 7 3 Charges Merchandize 135 Gunny Bags @ 12 8 pr. Ct. 20 14 9 4 Mangoe Chests 2 ea. 8 10 3 3¼ Ps. Gurrah 2 pr. Ps. 7 3 1 Nails 7 3 16 Gunnys 11 pr. Ct. 1 14 3 6 Jute Twine 9 6 20 Reed Mats 3 7 3 12 Jute Ropes 13 3 Dust 13 Boathire 4 5 Packers 15 9 Mootras 6 12 9 Sloophire 135 191 11 3 Current Rupees 1884 2 6 Errors Excepted (signed) L. Darell Sub Accompt. | The Council met at the Castle on Friday 3 May 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 30 April 1771. William Cuff, a private, died on Wednesday 1 May 1771. The King's ship Endeavour arrived from the Cape the same day. A boat from the Europa landed at Banks's at half past one that morning, and the Company's ship Europa then arrived from Bengal, having called last at the Cape. She brought supplies for the island, valued in current rupees. Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 bazaar maunds, at 3 rupees a maund, 388 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 factory maunds, at 17 rupees 4 annas a maund, 345 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Unhusked rice, 15 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, at 2 rupees 8 annas a maund, 56 rupees 4 annas 0 pice Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 factory maunds, at 75 rupees a maund, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at 150 rupees a leaguer, 302 rupees 6 annas 6 pice Total for merchandise, 1,692 rupees 7 annas 3 pice Gunny bags, 155, at 12 rupees 8 annas a hundred, 20 rupees 14 annas 9 pice Mango-wood chests, 4, at 2 rupees each, 8 rupees 10 annas 3 pice Gurrah cloth, 3¾ pieces, at 2 rupees a piece, 7 rupees 0 annas 3 pice Nails, 0 rupees 7 annas 3 pice Gunnies, 11, at 11 rupees a hundred, 1 rupee 14 annas 3 pice Jute twine, 6 [...], 0 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Reed mats, 20, 3 rupees 7 annas 3 pice Jute ropes, 12, 1 rupee 13 annas 3 pice Dustoory, 0 rupees 13 annas 0 pice Boat hire, 4 rupees 5 annas 0 pice Packers, 0 rupees 15 annas 9 pice Weighmen, 6 rupees 12 annas 9 pice Sloop hire, 135 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Total for charges on the merchandise, 191 rupees 11 annas 3 pice Total in current rupees, 1,884 rupees 2 annas 6 pice L. Darell signed the invoice as sub-accountant, reserving the right to correct any errors. | |
222 | 3d. May Mr. William Wrangham Reports that he has been on board the Ship Europa to Muster her Company and enquire for deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Europa Henry Hinde Pelly Commander W. Applegarth Chief Mate Wm. Browne 2 do. Thos. Hunter 3 do. James Usher 4 do. Robert Tedmer Purser Danl. Cock Surgeon John Sherwood Midshipman John Harvey do. Wm. Huggen Carpenter John Webster Gunner Jo. Anderson Capt. Steward Thos. Sheppard Ships do. Jo. Walker Capt. Cook John Anderson Ships do. John Hodman Sailmaker John Jackson Carpt. 1st Mate George Bailey 2d. do. Peter Jackson Gunr. Mate Robt. Sollet Boatsn. do. Wm. Rogerson 2 do. Thos. Anderson Butcher W. Smyther Q. Master Christopher Harvey do. David Masterson do. Thos. Rebeck do. Thos. Jenkins do. Geo. Thompson Seaman Jno. Nimes Jo. Thompson Alexr. Campbell Wm. James Saml. Croyston Edwd. Henley Geo. Arthur John Horn John Johnson Antl. Silva W. Philips Wm. Thomas Francs. Sorby Saml. Croke Francs. Cape Wm. Banister Jean Jole Thos. Tyler Arch. Horn Andw. Larson Peter Mason Andw. Alexander Peter Janes Wm. Mary John Pritchard James Wood John Mudy Seaman James Morris Thos. Eden Nich. Power Thos. Latham Wm. Smith Thos. Sell John Rolfe John Willard James Hughton George Love John Ducky Lawrence Stevan Wm. Atkyns Edw. Glover Chas. Gordon Robt. Fleming Thos. Moling John Daniel Thos. Mudy John Falston Philip Williams Wm. Peters Thos. Sheppard Wm. Ravenhill Simon Scane Harman Fordoff | William Wrangham reported that he had boarded the Europa to muster her crew and search for deserters, and had found none. Her muster roll listed these men. Henry Hindsley, commander W. Appleyard, chief mate William Browne, second mate Thomas Henderson, third mate James Usher, fourth mate Robert Tedman, purser Daniel Cook, surgeon John Sherwood, midshipman John Harvey, midshipman William Higgins, carpenter John Webster, gunner James Anderson, captain's steward Thomas Sheppard, ship's steward James Walker, captain's cook John Anderson, ship's cook John Hodgson, sailmaker John Jackson, carpenter's first mate George Burley, carpenter's second mate Peter Jackson, gunner's mate Robert Fuller, boatswain's mate William Rogerson, second [...] mate Thomas Anderson, butcher W. Singleton, quartermaster Christopher Herring, quartermaster David Masterson, quartermaster Thomas Roberts, quartermaster Thomas Jenkins, quartermaster George Thompson, seaman James Venner, seaman James Thompson, seaman Alexander Campbell, seaman William James, seaman Samuel Drayton, seaman Edward Henley, seaman George Arthur, seaman John Horn, seaman John Johnson, seaman Antonio Silva, seaman W. Philips, seaman William Thomas, seaman Francis Lovely, seaman Samuel Cooke, seaman Francis Cape, seaman William Bannister, seaman John Tate, seaman Thomas Tyler, seaman Archibald Thom, seaman Andrew Larson, seaman Peter Masson, seaman Andrew Alexander, seaman Peter Janes, seaman William Mery, seaman John Pritchard, seaman James Wood, seaman John Mudy, seaman James Morris, seaman Thomas Eden, seaman Nicholas Power, seaman Thomas Latham, seaman William Smith, seaman Thomas Gill, seaman John Bolfe, seaman John Willard, seaman James Hughton, seaman George Love, seaman John Duchy, seaman Lawrence Herman, seaman William Atkyns, seaman Edward Glester, seaman Charles Gordon, seaman Robert Fleming, seaman Thomas Meling, seaman John Daniel, seaman Thomas Hardy, seaman John Falston, seaman Philip Williams, seaman William Peters, seaman Thomas Sheppard, seaman William Ravendall, seaman Simon Fearne, seaman Harman Fenhoff, seaman | |
223 | 1771 John Lowes Seaman Isaac Skipper John Fox Wm. Driffield Benj. Luck John Shirly Bethal Oliver Joseph Walker Seaman Jo. Weir Henry Grierson Henry Cupps Capt. Servt. Peter Evans do. John Draper Chief Mates do. Geo. Griffith 2d. Mates Servt. Jno. Hill Surg. do. R. Austin Boatswains do. W. Whittle Carpenter do. Geo. Griggs Gunners do. Geo. Pebby 5 Mate David Rogers Seaman Passengers vizt. Richd. Beecher Esqr. Mr. Beecher Miss Beecher Mr. Charles Cox Mr. Grant Mrs. Simpson Amorella Servant Maria do. Maria do. Felicia do. Mary do. Moss do. Somerset do. Pompey do. (signed) H. H. Pelly The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short recd. from Ship Europa. Account of Stores short recd. from Ship Europa vizt. C. qr. lb. 5 2 22 Rice 2 13 Paddy 1 2 16 Sugar Short weight occasioned by Wastage the Packages being in good Order Arrack vizt. No. 1 1 Leagr. Gages Gall. 140 wants to fill Gall. 5¾ 2 1 do. do. 140 do. 4 280 9¾ Received 270¼ Galls. (signed) J. Powell Storekeeper 3 May 1771 | The Europa's muster roll continued. John Lowes, seaman Isaac Skipper, seaman John Fox, seaman William Driffield, seaman Benjamin Luck, seaman John Shirly, seaman Bethel Oliver, seaman Joseph Walker, seaman James Weir, seaman Henry Guirson, seaman Henry Cripps, captain's servant Peter Evans, captain's servant John Draper, chief mate's servant George Griffiths, second mate's servant James Hill, surgeon's servant P. Austin, boatswain's servant W. Whittle, carpenter's servant George Griggs, gunner's servant George Pelly, fifth mate David Rogers, seaman Richard Beecher, passenger Mrs Beecher, passenger Miss Beecher, passenger Mr Charles Cox, passenger Mr Grant, passenger Mrs Simpson, passenger Amenta, servant Maria, servant Maria, servant Felicia, servant Mary, servant Mars, servant Somerset, servant Pompey, servant Captain Henry Hinde Pelly signed the roll. The storekeeper presented an account of the stores that had arrived short from the Europa. Rice, 5 cwt 2 qr 22 lb, short in weight through wastage in sound packages Unhusked rice, 0 cwt 2 qr 13 lb, short in weight through wastage in sound packages Sugar, 1 cwt 2 qr 16 lb, short in weight through wastage in sound packages Arrack, leaguer number 1, gauged at 140 gallons, short of full by 5¾ gallons Arrack, leaguer number 2, gauged at 140 gallons, short of full by 7 gallons Total arrack gauged, 280 gallons Total arrack short, 12¾ gallons Arrack received, 267¼ gallons James Powell signed the account as storekeeper on 3 May 1771. Interpretations Richard Beecher's household travelled with eight servants, almost all recorded by a single name. Names such as Pompey, Somerset and Mars were classical or place names that owners commonly gave to slaves. They suggest that several of these servants were slaves in all but name, brought from Bengal to serve the family in England. The Europa's commander had his own son or kinsman, George Pelly, serving as fifth mate. Places as officers on an Indiaman were valuable, and commanders routinely found them for their relatives. | |
224 | 3 May On the Arrival of the Europa which had refreshed her Ships Company at the Cape, and having brought from thence on board the Ship the Measles as that disorder was never here we determined to send Captn. Pelly the following Order. To Captain Henry Hinde Pelly Commander of Ship Europa Sir Being informed you have some Persons on board your Ship that have got the Measles, as that disorder was never known on this Island, and is deemed infectious you are hereby Ordered not to let the said Persons come on shore nor suffer any of their Linnen to be washed on the Island on any pretence whatsoever. We are St. Helena Sir 1 May 1771 Your humble Servants (signed) John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Matt. Purling And from the same motive, and Captain Pelly only wanting a little Water, we thought it necessary that he should take the Advantage of the present Convoy, and gave him the following Order Vizt. To Captain Henry Hinde Pelly Commander of Ship Europa Sir As you have been at the Cape where you | The Europa had taken on fresh provisions for her crew at the Cape and had picked up measles there. Measles had never appeared on the island. The Council decided to send Captain Pelly an order to keep the infection aboard. The order, dated at St Helena on 1 May 1771, told Captain Henry Hinde Pelly that the Council knew some people aboard his ship had measles. The disease was unknown on the island and was thought to be infectious. He was therefore forbidden to let any of the sick come ashore, or to have any of their linen washed on the island for any reason. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Purling signed the order. For the same reason, and because Captain Pelly needed only a little water, the Council judged that he should sail with the convoy then ready to leave. It sent him a second order to that effect. This began by noting that he had already called at the Cape. Interpretations A ship arriving in the homeward season was normally welcomed ashore for refreshment. Her sick were landed for the hospital and her crew's linen was washed by the island's women. That was the island's whole purpose. The Council reversed this practice for the Europa. The reason was stated plainly. Measles had never reached St Helena, so no one born there had any immunity, and an outbreak could spread through every household, the garrison and the slave population at once. Banning the sick from landing and forbidding laundry on shore cut off the two usual routes of infection. The second order went further. The Cape had already refreshed the crew, and the ship needed only water, so the Council sent her on with the departing convoy. That removed the risk from the road altogether, without breaking the Company's obligation to supply its ships. | |
225 | 1771 you must have got proper refreshment, we therefore require you to take the Advantage of his Majesty's Ship Portland John Elliot Esqr. Captain as your Convoy and proceed in Company with her on the 4th. instant directly to the Downs, and on your Arrival there to send immediate Advice to the Honble. the Court of Directors, yet in case of seperation from your Convoy you are positively Ordered to take the most prudent and effectual measures to be constantly on your Guard against any misfortune that you may be exposed to from any unforseen alteration in the state of publick Affairs. We are Sir Your humble Servants St. Helena (signed) 2 May 1771 John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle M. Purling Upon which we received the Subsequent Letter from Captain Pelly. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor of the Island St. Helena, and Council Worshipful Sir and Sirs I have received your Letter requiring me to proceed with his Majesty's Ship Portland the 4th. instant, I shall use my utmost endeavours to be ready by that time, but fear I cannot before the 5th. Instant. I am Worshipful Sir and Sirs Your most humble Servant St. Helena (signed) H. H. Pelly May 2d. 1771 Captain | The second order reminded Captain Pelly that he must have taken on proper supplies at the Cape. The Council therefore required him to sail under the escort of the King's ship Portland, commanded by John Elliot, on 4 May 1771, and to keep company with her straight to the Downs. On arrival he was to report at once to the Court of Directors. If he became separated from his escort, he was strictly ordered to take every prudent and effective step to stay on guard against any danger arising from an unexpected change in public affairs. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Purling signed the order at St Helena on 2 May 1771. Captain Pelly replied the same day, 2 May 1771. He had received the order to sail with the Portland on 4 May. He would do everything he could to be ready by then, but feared he could not leave before 5 May. Interpretations The order's warning about "an unexpected change in public affairs" was the plainest sign yet in the record of what the Secret Committee's packets contained. Homeward Indiamen normally sailed for England alone or in loose company. Placing the Europa under the guns of a King's ship, and ordering her captain to stay on guard if they were separated, prepared her for the possibility of war breaking out while she was at sea. The same concern lay behind the walling of the leeward gullies, the new signal flags and the halt to the officers' barracks earlier that spring. The convoy also served the Council's other purpose. It sent the measles ship away from the island at the first chance, with a reason that needed no argument. | |
226 | 3 May Captain John Lauder applied to us to pay one hundred and thirty pounds into the Honble. Company's Cash, which Sum we have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable to himself or Order, drawn at ninety days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 6th. day of May 1771 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 3d. May 1771. Saturday the 4th. Sailed His Majesty's Ships Portland and Endeavour with the Honble. Company's Ships Lord Camden, Kent, Admiral Pocock, Houghton, Duke of Glocester, Princess Royal, Valentine, Hawke, Latham, Royal Captain Duke of Kingston and Europa for England. This day Sailed His Majesty's Ship Swallow for India. | Captain John Lauder asked to pay £130 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him a set of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, payable at 90 days' sight to himself or his order. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 6 May 1771. The Governor presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 3 May 1771. On Saturday 4 May the King's ships Portland and Endeavour sailed for England. With them went the Company's ships Lord Camden, Kent, Admiral Pocock, Houghton, Duke of Gloucester, Princess Royal, Valentine, Hawke, Latham, Royal Captain, Duke of Kingston and Europa. The King's ship Swallow sailed for India on 6 May. Interpretations Twelve Company ships sailed together under the escort of two King's ships, the largest homeward convoy recorded that season. Earlier ships such as the Prince of Wales and the Earl of Middlesex had left singly as soon as they were ready. Holding the whole China and Bengal fleet in the road until the Portland could escort it carried out the Secret Committee's warning, and kept the season's most valuable cargoes together under naval protection. The Europa sailed on 4 May after all, despite her captain's fear that he could not be ready until the 5th. The Council's urgency to be rid of the measles had evidently been pressed on him. | |
227 | 1771 Thomas Williams Matross being missed some days before the Ships sailed, and notwithstanding the strictest search made on board all the Ships in the Road, to discover him yet he has not been since heard of, we imagine he must have been secreted onboard one of them. Two Men having deserted out of the Swallow Sloop, one of them delivering himself up but the other has not yet, as soon as he does, We shall put them both to the Company's Work at 1/. ꝑ Day in order to give them subsistance, and shall send them to England by the first opportunity. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | Thomas Williams, a matross, had gone missing some days before the ships sailed. Every ship in the road was searched thoroughly, but no trace of him was found. The Council concluded that he must have been hidden aboard one of them. Two men had deserted from the sloop Swallow. One had given himself up, but the other was still at large. Once both were in custody, the Council would set them to work for the Company at 1s a day to support them. It would then send them to England at the first opportunity. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The Council's own deserters it kept, but the Swallow's men it sent home. A soldier who deserted from the island's garrison belonged to the Company and could be made to finish his contract there. Seamen who deserted from a King's ship belonged to the Royal Navy, and the Council had no power to enlist them in its garrison or try them by its own court martial. The obvious course was to hold them in the gaol until a naval vessel could collect them. The Council instead put them to paid work at a labourer's rate. That fed them at no cost to the Company while they waited, and turned two idle prisoners into labour for the public works. Sending them to England by the next ship returned them to naval authority without the Council having to judge them. Thomas Williams's escape showed the limit of the muster system. The ships had all been mustered against their rolls, yet a man hidden in the hold or among the cargo would never be called over. A fleet of twelve Indiamen leaving together gave a deserter more places to hide than any search could cover. | |
228 | 13th. May At a Consultation held on Monday the 13th. day of May 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 6th. May 1771 Wednesday the 8th. Stephen Tuck Private Hanged himself Thursday the 9th. Died Mary Burnham Widow Friday the 10th. Do. Elizabeth Wife of Mr. Benjamin Mason Planter Yesterday Do. William Henderson Private The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of April last, were this day laid before us, which have been examined, approved of, and are as follow vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 13 May 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 6 May 1771. Stephen Tuck, a private, hanged himself on Wednesday 8 May 1771. Mary Burnham, a widow, died the next day. Elizabeth, the wife of Benjamin Mason, a planter, died on 10 May, and William Henderson, a private, on 12 May. The Council examined and approved the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for April 1771, which followed in the record. | |
229 | 1771 Artillery Stores expended in April 1771 Guns fired, 6 lb., 4 lb., 1 lb., Powder expended lb., Powder expended oz. 3 An Alarm at Simon Valley: Guns fired 2, 6 lb. 2, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 4, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Calcutta: Guns fired 9, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 An Alarm at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Houghton: Guns fired 9, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 4th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Latham: Guns fired 9, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 5th An Alarm for the Duke of Richmond (no Salute): Guns fired 6, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 6 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 7th Arrived the Princess Royal: Guns fired 9, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 8 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Hawke: Guns fired 9, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Valentine: Guns fired 9, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Duke of Kingston: Guns fired 9, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 9 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Do. Doubled 3 times: Guns fired 9, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 8, 1 lb. 1, Powder expended lb. 17, Powder expended oz. 0 14th Arrived the Royal Captain: Guns fired 9, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 15 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Duke of Glocester: Guns fired 9, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 26th Departed the Calcutta and Duke of Richmond: Guns fired 9, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 30th An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived his Majesty's Sloop Swallow: Guns fired 11, 6 lb. 11, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 16, Powder expended oz. 8 Guns fired to salute Capt. Stanley coming on Shore: Guns fired 11, 6 lb. 11, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 16, Powder expended oz. 8 Powder expended on Ladder Hill: Guns fired 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 58, Powder expended oz. 0 Do. for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 122, Powder expended oz. 0 Total: Guns fired 183, 6 lb. 114, 4 lb. 48, 1 lb. 21, Powder expended lb. 399, Powder expended oz. 0 Tallow expended on Ladder Hill 4 Do. for Sundry Services 38 Match 13 Handspikes 10 Spunge Staves 1 Paper 2½ Quires Copper Hoops for the Lieut. Governor No. 2 Shot Iron at Mundens Point 24 lb. No. 1 Sundrys | The artillery stores used in April 1771 were as follows. Alarm at Lemon Valley on 3 April: 2 6-pounders fired, 4 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Calcutta: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm at Prosperous Bay: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Houghton: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 4 April: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Latham: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 5 April for the Duke of Richmond, which gave no salute: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder. Alarm on 6 April: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Princess Royal: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 8 April: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Hawke: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Valentine: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Duke of Kingston: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 9 April: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Alarm doubled three times: 9 guns fired, made up of 8 4-pounders and 1 1-pounder, 17 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Royal Captain: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 15 April: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Duke of Gloucester: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Salute on the departure of the Calcutta and the Duke of Richmond on 25 April: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 30 April: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the King's sloop Swallow: 11 6-pounders fired, 16 lb 8 oz of powder. Salute for Captain [...] on coming ashore: 11 6-pounders fired, 16 lb 8 oz of powder Powder used on Ladder Hill, 58 lb Powder for various other services, 122 lb Total: 183 guns fired, made up of 114 6-pounders, 48 4-pounders and 21 1-pounders, 499 lb of powder Tallow used on Ladder Hill, 4 lb Tallow for various other services, 38 lb Slow match, 13 lb Handspikes, 10 Sponge staves, 1 Cartridge paper, 2½ quires Copper hoops for the Lieutenant Governor, 8 lb 2 oz 24-pound shot broken at Munden's Point, 1 Interpretations The Duke of Richmond did not salute the island when she arrived on 5 April 1771, and the garrison fired no salute in return. The exchange of salutes was a matter of strict reciprocity, and the batteries answered only a ship that saluted first. A Company ship that omitted the courtesy saved the island 13 lb 8 oz of powder, and the clerk noted the omission so that the Directors could see why one arrival that season went unhonoured. | |
230 | 13th. May Sundrys expended at the Honble. Company's Table in April 1771 £ Bottles Madeira 93 9 6 Do. Port 13 1 6 Do. Beer 84 15 9 Gallons Arrack 22½ 3 7 6 lb. Beef 117 2 8 9 lb. Mutton 335 4 3 9 Turkeys 8 2 Fowls 23 1 14 6 Ducks 10 15 Geese 4 1 lb. Candy 78 1 19 lb. Flour 526 4 7 6 Kids 5 1 5 Pigs 7 4 16 £ 35 18 3 John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | The provisions used at the Company's table in April 1771 were as follows. Madeira, 93 bottles, £9 6s 0d Port, 13 bottles, £1 0s 6d Beer, 84 bottles, £0 15s 9d Arrack, 22½ gallons, £3 7s 6d Beef, 117 lb, £2 8s 9d Mutton, 335 lb, £4 3s 9d Turkeys, 8, £2 0s 0d Fowls, 23, £1 14s 6d Ducks, 10, £0 15s 0d Geese, 4, £1 0s 0d Sugar candy, 78 lb, £1 19s 0d Flour, 526 lb, £4 7s 6d Kids, 5, £1 5s 0d Pigs, 7, £1 16s 0d Total, £35 18s 3d Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations April 1771 was the height of the homeward season, with a dozen Indiamen and two King's ships in the road, and the table's spending reached its highest level since October 1770. Mutton rose to 335 lb while beef fell to 117 lb, the lowest of the year. The Council was holding back the Company's dying cattle for the ships, as it had told Captain Court in February, and feeding its own guests on sheep and the poultry, kids and pigs the island could still supply. | |
231 | 20th. May At a Consultation held on Monday the 20th. day of May 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 13. May 1771. Thursday the 16th. Died Henry Clarke Corporal Do. Do. Do. John Browne Drummer by Accident being killed by a Stone blowed from the Church Yard This day Do. John Tanner Matross The Executors to the last Will and Testament of Mrs. Mary Burnham deceased this day presented the said Will desiring the same might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto. the Will is as follows vizt. In the Name of God Amen. I Mary Burnham of the Island of St. Helena Widow being Weak in Body, but of sound Mind Memory and Understanding (Praise be therefore given to almighty God) do make and ordain this my present last Will and Testament in manner and form following (that is to say) first and principally I recommend my Soul into the Hands of almighty God, and my Body I commit to the Earth to be decently buryed at the discretion of my Executors herein after mentioned. And as to all such temporal Estate as it hath pleased God to bestow upon me, I give and dispose thereof as follows. First I will that all my just debts and Funeral Charges shall be paid at a convenient time after my decease according to the discretion of my Executors after mentioned. Item my Will is and I hereby direct that all my Estate both real and personal which I shall die possessed of shall be impartially valued and equally divided between all my Children (namely) John and Thomas Burnham | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 20 May 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 13 May 1771. Henry Clarke, a corporal, died on Thursday 16 May 1771. John Browne, a drummer, was killed the same day in an accident, struck by a stone blasted from the Church Yard. John Tanner, a matross, died on 20 May. The executors of the late Mary Burnham, a widow, presented her will and asked for it to be proved. The Council proved it on the oaths of the witnesses. In her will, Mary Burnham of St Helena described herself as weak in body but of sound mind, memory and understanding. She commended her soul to God. She asked to be buried decently at her executors' discretion. She directed that her just debts and funeral costs be paid at a convenient time after her death, as her executors saw fit. She further directed that all her estate, both land and personal property, be fairly valued and divided equally among all her children, namely John and Thomas Burnham. Interpretations John Browne's death shows the danger of the stone blowers' work. Rock was blasted with gunpowder from the artillery stores in the middle of the town, here in the Church Yard, perhaps to quarry stone or level ground for the barracks and the Ladder Hill road. A flying fragment killed a passing drummer. No warning system appears in the record, and the island's blasting continued throughout 1771. Proving a will before the Council gave it legal force. The witnesses swore that the will was genuine and properly made, and once proved, it entitled the executors to collect and divide the estate. On St Helena the Council acted as the probate court, as it did with administrations such as James Hogg's. | |
232 | 20th. May Burnham, Sarah Whitchurch, Martha Jacks, Margaret Goudy and Mary Burnham, Share and Share alike, and in case of the Death or Deaths of him her any or either of them Remainder to the Survivors in equal and even proportions, and I give unto my Daughter the said Sarah Whitchurch over and above her dividend or equal share with each of my other Children, the Sum of twenty pounds. Item I give unto my Grandchildren namely Joseph Banton, Mary Jacks, Margaret Jacks, Sarah Burnham, Mary Goudy, Mary Burnham and William Burnham ten pounds each to be paid to them and each of them when he She or they shall be of full Age or Marriage or sooner if my Executors herein after mentioned shall judge it to be to his her or their Advantage. And I further give unto each and every of my sd. Grand children a Silver Tea Spoon. Item My Will and meaning is that all my Estate of what kind soever shall be sold, excepting therunto my Dwelling House in James's Valley the good and proper disposal whereof I leave to the discretion of my Executors herein after named. Lastly I do hereby Nominate and appoint my beloved Son in law John Whitchurch and my good Friends Messrs. Thomas Leech and Elisha Jacks Executors of this my last Will and Testament hereby revoking and making void all former Wills by me heretofore made, declaring this to be my last Will and Testament. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my Hand and Seal this fourth day of May in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy one and in the eleventh Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the third of Great Britain, France and Ireland King &c. Signed, sealed declared and The Mark of published in the presence of us Mary + Burnham who at the desire of the Testatrix are Witness to this her last Will and Testament. (signed) Phil. Mabmey James Pafset James Pritchard | Mary Burnham's will divided her estate equally among all six of her children: John Burnham, Thomas Burnham, Sarah Whitchurch, Martha Jacks, Margaret Goudy and Mary Burnham. If any of them died first, their share was to pass in equal parts to the survivors. Over and above her equal share, her daughter Sarah Whitchurch was to receive £20 0s 0d. Each of her grandchildren, namely Joseph Barton, Mary Jacks, Margaret Jacks, Sarah Burnham, Mary Goudy, Mary Burnham and William Burnham, was to receive £10 0s 0d. The money was to be paid when each came of age or married, or sooner if the executors judged it to the grandchild's advantage. Every grandchild was also to receive a silver teaspoon. All the rest of her estate of every kind was to be sold, except her dwelling house in James's Valley. She left the disposal of the house to her executors' judgement. She named as executors her son-in-law John Whitchurch and her friends Thomas Leech and Elisha Jacks. The will revoked all her earlier wills. Mary Burnham made her mark on the will on 4 May 1771, in the eleventh year of the reign of George III. Philip Mahoney, James Pickett and James Pritchard witnessed it at her request. Interpretations Mary Burnham made her will on 4 May 1771 and died five days later, on 9 May. She could not write, and signed with a mark. All three witnesses were Company men: the clerk of the peace, an artillery sergeant and very probably the surgeon's mate. A dying widow's will was drawn up by the island's officials at her bedside. Their attendance at a deathbed was common practice and also made the will easy to prove before the Council. The will shows how a modest island estate passed through the families of the garrison. Her daughters had married into the families of Jacks and Goudy, soldiers on the pay lists. Selling everything except the house turned her goods into money that could be divided exactly among six children and seven grandchildren. The house in the valley was too valuable, or too hard to divide, to be treated the same way. | |
233 | 1771 We this day Inlisted William Paddom a Boy to serve the Honorable Company five Years to be a Fifer in the room of John Brown killed by Accident and gave him forty Shillings Bounty Money to Buy him necessary's. Upon Entering the Invoices from Bengal we find a very great mistake in that ꝑ. Ship Prince of Wales the Sugar being charged ten Bags at thirty two Rupees ꝑ Bag amounting to only three hundred and twenty Rupees, but in the Invoices at six hundred and forty which is double it cost we have rectified the Mistake and ordered it to be charged accordingly. Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of April last which is as follows Vizt. | The Council enlisted William Paddom, a boy, that day to serve the Company for five years as a fifer, in place of John Browne, who had been killed in the accident. It gave him a bounty of £2 0s 0d to buy what he needed. While entering the invoices from Bengal in the books, the Council found a serious error in the invoice of the Prince of Wales. Her sugar should have been charged as 10 bags at 32 rupees a bag, a total of 320 rupees. The invoice had charged 640 rupees, twice the true cost. The Council corrected the mistake and ordered the sugar to be charged at the right figure. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for April 1771. Interpretations The error came to light only when the clerk entered the season's Bengal invoices side by side. The Houghton and the Duke of Kingston had each brought exactly the same consignment of 10 bags weighing 20 maunds, charged at 320 rupees. The Prince of Wales invoice had applied the rate per bag to each maund instead, doubling the price. Accepting the Bengal figure would have been the usual course, since the invoice bore the sub-accountant's signature. The Council overrode it because the books themselves showed the same goods from the same office at half the price. Leaving it uncorrected would have overstated the cost of the island's stores and the value it owed to Bengal. | |
234 | Cash Dr. 1771 April 1st. To Balance remaining £ 6771 6 3½ 22d. To Ship Calcutta 3 10 To Ship Duke of Richmond 4 4 9 £ 6779 1 5½ Per Contra Cr. 1771 April 30th. By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 6239 6 5½ In Cash Notes 539 15 6779 1 5½ £ 6779 1 5½ Margin Notes: 20 May | The Company's cash grew only slightly in April 1771, from the payments of two outward-bound ships. Money received Balance remaining on 1 April 1771, £6,771 6s 8½d Received on 22 April from the Calcutta, £3 10s 0d. Received from the Duke of Richmond, £4 4s 9d. Total, £6,779 1s 5½d Money paid out Balance remaining in coin on 30 April 1771, £6,239 6s 5½d Balance remaining in cash notes on 30 April 1771, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £6,779 1s 5½d Total, £6,779 1s 5½d Interpretations The only money received in April came from the Calcutta and the Duke of Richmond, outward-bound ships that took little from the island. The twelve homeward Indiamen that filled the road that month paid nothing into the treasury in April. Their accounts for cattle, water and stores would be settled through the paymaster or carried to London. In a month when the island fed and watered more ships than at any other time of the year, its own cash barely moved. | |
235 | 1771 On Tuesday the 14th. instant We surveyed all the Leward Valleys Namely Thomsons Old Womans, Swanly, Friars, Youngs and Breakneck Valleys, and agreable to an Order to the Engineer for walling up the Accessible ones. We find a considerable progress made in the Wall of Thomsons Valley the widest and most accessible of the abovenamed both at the Beach as well as in the Country this Wall we find carried up to the height of 13 feet, and a very Capital mistake in that part of it that serves to form a fall for the Floods that at times run down the said Valley, not having given the outward face the proper Talus necessary and built with Dirt instead of Lime, and in examination this day of the cause of said defect, Captain Tyssel proved to Us that he had given the Master Mason Orders to carry up the said Wall allowing one Inch on each foot for the Talus, but contrary to his Orders the said Mason had taken upon him to allow only five Inches Talus in the Elevation instead of thirteen, but had given no Orders for having it built with Lime, for which we reprimanded the Mason severely assuring him that hereafter if ever he presumed to act contrary to the Orders he received from the Engineer we would immediately dismiss him the Service which he promised should never happen again, and pleaded in Excuse the short time he has been upon the Island and not knowing well from whom he was to receive his Orders, however we are in hopes that this defect may not tend to any bad consequences as the Wall is very strong and supported by an interior Counter fort, and have ordered that the Elevation be carried to sixteen feet in heighth, which will entirely enclose the said Valley. and also for the future that all the Fortifications of whatsoever denomination be executed a foot and a half with Lime Mortar. Old Womans and Friars Valley tho' much narrower than the former are extreamly open, and will likewise require to be walled up in same manner, arming the Water inner over the said Walls and Breakneck Valley tho' less accessible owing to a Ledge of Rocks, which forms an Elevation yet we think not of a sufficient heighth consequently mean to erect a Wall upon the said Ledge which will effectually secure the defence of said Valley as to the | On Tuesday 14 May 1771 the Council surveyed all the leeward valleys: Thompson's, Old Woman's, Swanly, Friar's, Young's and Breakneck Valley. It wished to see how the engineer was carrying out its order to wall up those that offered a landing. Thompson's Valley was the widest and easiest of all to land in. Work on its wall had advanced well, both at the beach and further inland, and it had already reached a height of 13 feet. The Council found one serious fault, however. The part of the wall built to let floodwater pour over it had not been given the proper slope on its outer face, and it had been built with earth instead of lime. When the Council looked into the cause that day, Captain Tippet showed that he had ordered the master mason to slope the face by one inch in every foot of height. The mason had ignored this and allowed only five inches over the whole height in place of thirteen. Tippet had given no order for the wall to be built with lime. The Council reprimanded the mason severely. It warned him that he would be dismissed at once if he ever again disobeyed the engineer's orders. He promised it would not happen again. In his defence he pleaded that he had been on the island only a short time and did not know whose orders he was to follow. The Council hoped that the fault would cause no harm, since the wall was very strong and braced from inside by a counterfort. It ordered the wall raised to 16 feet, high enough to close the valley completely. It further ordered that, in future, the outer foot and a half of every fortification of any kind was to be laid in lime mortar. Old Woman's and Friar's valleys were much narrower than Thompson's, but entirely open. Both would need walls of the same kind, with the watercourse carried over the top. Breakneck Valley was harder to land in, because a ledge of rock formed a natural barrier across it, though not a high enough one. The Council intended to build a wall on top of the ledge, which would fully secure the valley's defence. Interpretations The slope, or batter, on the outer face was what let a flood wall survive. Water pouring over a vertical face struck its foot with full force and undermined it. A face that leaned back spread the fall and threw the water clear. The mason had built a face almost upright, laid in earth that the first flood would wash out. The Council could have had the faulty section pulled down and rebuilt. It kept it instead and raised the whole wall to 16 feet. The interior counterfort gave the wall enough strength to stand, and rebuilding would have cost weeks at a time when the Secret Committee's warnings made speed the priority. The order that every fortification have its outer foot and a half laid in lime mortar turned one mason's failure into a standing rule for all the works. The mason's excuse revealed a real gap in command. He was newly arrived and unsure whether to take orders from the engineer, the superintendent of the works or the overseers. The Council's warning settled the point. On the fortifications the engineer's word was final. | |
236 | 20 May the other two namely Swanly and Youngs Valley will require nothing more than scarping away some points of Rock that forms the Ledges of said Valleys which will effectually render them inaccessible, and clearing away the bottom from the Surf throwing up Stones and Rubbish from their Contiguousness to the Beach. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | The last two valleys, Swanly and Young's, needed far less work. The Council judged that cutting away some points of rock on the ledges across them would make both impossible to climb. Their floors also had to be cleared, because they lay so close to the beach that the surf kept throwing stones and rubbish up into them. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Scarping meant cutting a rock face back to a sheer drop, removing the footholds and projections a climbing party could use. Where nature had already placed a ledge across a valley, a few days' work with picks and powder made it unclimbable, without the cost of a masonry wall. The Council thus matched each valley to the cheapest work that would close it. Thompson's needed a full wall, Old Woman's and Friar's a wall with a spillway, Breakneck a wall on its ledge, and Swanly and Young's only scarping and clearing. Keeping the valley floors clear of debris thrown up by the surf mattered too. A pile of stones against the foot of a scarp could give attackers the step up that the scarping had taken away. | |
237 | 27th. May At a Consultation held on Monday the 27th. day of May 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 20th. May 1771 Tuesday the 21st. Arrived a Danes Ship from Bengal called the Carolina Matilda Capt. Hoffee burthen 800 Tons carrys 20 Guns and 60 Men laden with Bengal Goods bound to Copenhagen. Friday the 24th. Do. the Resolutions Boat at 8 Oclock at ten oClock in the evening Do. Do. Do. The Honble. Companys Ship Resolution from China Yesterday Sailed the Danes Ship Carolina Matilda for Copenhagen The Resolution brought Us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship Resolution Twelve Chests (Bohea) Tea containing vizt. No. 1 Tare 36 Gross 191 2 Tare 36 Gross 207 3 Tare 37 Gross 190 4 Tare 37 Gross 194 5 Tare 37 Gross 194 6 Tare 37 Gross 190 7 Tare 37 Gross 196 8 Tare 36 Gross 190 9 Tare 37 Gross 200 10 Tare 37 Gross 195 11 Tare 37 Gross 196 12 Tare 36 Gross 194 448 2340 Tare 448 Nett 1892 at Peculs 14-19 Bohea Tea at 14 Tales 198.6.6 Excepted (signed) Matt. Raper Junr. Tho. Bevan Alex. Hume Jno. Bradley Blake Wm. Harrison Fras. Wood Junr. Jas. Bradshaw Tho. Fitzhugh Edwd. Phelps | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 27 May 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 20 May 1771. On Tuesday 21 May a Danish ship arrived from Bengal. She was the Carolina Matilda, commanded by Captain Hoffer, a ship of 300 tons carrying 20 guns and 60 men, laden with Bengal goods and bound for Copenhagen. On Friday 24 May a boat from the Resolution landed at Banks's at ten in the morning, and the Company's ship Resolution then arrived from China. The Carolina Matilda sailed for Copenhagen on 26 May. The Resolution brought 12 chests of bohea tea for the island, weighed as follows. Chest 1, tare 36 lb, gross 191 lb Chest 2, tare 36 lb, gross 207 lb Chest 3, tare 37 lb, gross 190 lb Chest 4, tare 37 lb, gross 194 lb Chest 5, tare 39 lb, gross 194 lb Chest 6, tare 37 lb, gross 190 lb Chest 7, tare 37 lb, gross 196 lb Chest 8, tare 36 lb, gross 190 lb Chest 9, tare 39 lb, gross 200 lb Chest 10, tare 34 lb, gross 195 lb Chest 11, tare 39 lb, gross 196 lb Chest 12, tare 36 lb, gross 194 lb Total tare, 448 lb Total gross weight, 2,340 lb Total net weight, 1,892 lb Bohea tea, 14.19 piculs at 14 taels a picul, 198 taels 6 mace 6 candareens 0 cash Matthew Raper junior, John Bradley Blake, James Bradshaw, Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, Alexander Hume, Francis Wood junior and Edward Phipps signed the invoice, reserving the right to correct any errors. Interpretations The Resolution brought just over 14 piculs of bohea, close to the 18 piculs the Council had ordered for the previous season. Its letter of 16 April 1771 had already raised the next order to 24 piculs to meet rising demand. The chests were heavy for their contents: about a fifth of the gross weight was chest. Tea was packed in wooden chests lined with lead to keep out damp on the long voyage, and the island paid freight on the packing as well as the leaf. | |
238 | 1771 piece of Ground lying in James's Valley Expired humbly requests your [...] Worship and Council will be pleased to Grant him a Renewal of the same [...] And your Petitioner will ever pray 27th. May 1771 (signed) James Pritchard Granted John Moyer Private this day Petitioned for his discharge from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company his Contracted time. Granted Daniel Cornelle Esqr. this day applied to Us to pay £206 into the Honble. Company's Cash which Sum we have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to John Caillaud Esqr. (or Order) drawn at ninety Days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | James Pritchard petitioned Governor Skottowe and the Council about a piece of ground in James's Valley whose lease had expired. He asked them to grant him a renewal, and signed the petition on 27 May 1771. The Council granted it. John Moyer, a private, petitioned the same day for his discharge from the garrison, having served the Company for the full term of his contract. The Council granted his request. Daniel Corneille asked to pay £200 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him a set of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, payable at 90 days' sight to John Cailland or his order. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Corneille's £200 0s 0d was a remittance home like those made by Purling, Henry Bazett, Captain Carr and Captain Lauder earlier in the year. Each officer turned money earned on the island into a claim payable in London. The Lieutenant Governor sat on the Council that approved the bill, yet the transaction passed without comment. Officers of every rank regularly used the treasury to send money home, and the Council treated their bills as routine business. Each one brought coin into a treasury that had been falling since September 1770. | |
239 | 1771 piece of Ground lying in James's Valley, Expired humbly requests your Worship and Council will be pleased to Grant him a Renewal of the same And your Petitioner will ever pray. 27th. May 1771 (signed) James Pritchard Granted John Moyer Private this day Petitioned for his discharge from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company his Contracted time. Granted Daniel Cornelle Esqr. this day applied to Us to pay £206 into the Honble. Company's Cash which Sum we have received and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to John Caillaud Esqr. (or Order) drawn at ninety Days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | James Pritchard petitioned Governor Skottowe and the Council about a piece of ground in James's Valley whose lease had expired. He asked them to grant him a renewal, and signed the petition on 27 May 1771. The Council granted it. John Moyer, a private, petitioned the same day for his discharge from the garrison, having served the Company for the full term of his contract. The Council granted his request. Daniel Corneille asked to pay £200 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him a set of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, payable at 90 days' sight to John Cailland or his order. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Corneille's £200 0s 0d was a remittance home like those made by Purling, Henry Bazett, Captain Carr and Captain Lauder earlier in the year. Each officer turned money earned on the island into a claim payable in London. The Lieutenant Governor sat on the Council that approved the bill, yet the transaction passed without comment. Officers of every rank regularly used the treasury to send money home, and the Council treated their bills as routine business. Each one brought coin into a treasury that had been falling since September 1770. | |
240 | 31st. May At a Consultation held on Friday the 31st. May 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 27 May 1771 Wednesday the 29th. died Charlotte Daughter of William Young Planter Yesterday arrived the Bridgewaters and Huntingdons Boats at Banks's at half an hour past eleven o'Clock in the Morning Do. Do. the Honble. Companys Ships Bridgewater and Huntingdon from China The Bridgewater brought Us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship Bridgewater Ten Chests Congo Tea containing as vizt. No. 1 Gross 94 2 Gross 91 3 Gross 93 4 Gross 96 5 Gross 91 6 Gross 93 7 Gross 93 8 Gross 93 9 Gross 93 10 Gross 93 Gross 930 Tare at 19 ꝑ Chest 190 Nett lb. 740 or Peculs 5.55 Congo Tea at 25 Tales 138.7.5 Carried over 138.7.5 | The Council met at the Castle on Friday 31 May 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 27 May 1771. Charlotte, the daughter of William Young, a planter, died on Wednesday 29 May 1771. On 30 May boats from the Bridgewater and the Huntingdon landed at Banks's at half past eleven in the morning. The Company's ships Bridgewater and Huntingdon then arrived from China. The Bridgewater brought 10 chests of congou tea for the island, weighed as follows. Chest 1, gross 94 lb Chest 2, gross 91 lb Chest 3, gross 93 lb Chest 4, gross 96 lb Chest 5, gross 91 lb Chest 6, gross 93 lb Chest 7, gross 93 lb Chest 8, gross 93 lb Chest 9, gross 93 lb Chest 10, gross 93 lb Total gross weight, 930 lb Tare at 19 lb a chest, 190 lb Total net weight, 740 lb Congou tea, 5.55 piculs at 25 taels a picul, 138 taels 7 mace 5 candareens 0 cash Carried over, 138 taels 7 mace 5 candareens 0 cash Interpretations Congou was a black tea of better quality than bohea, made from more carefully picked and rolled leaves. At 25 taels a picul it cost almost twice the 14 taels paid for the bohea on the Resolution. The chests here were much smaller, and a standard tare of 19 lb a chest was allowed in place of weighing each empty one. The island now stocked two grades of black tea as well as singlo green, so that its stores could supply both the garrison's cheap bohea and a finer leaf for officers' and planters' households. | |
241 | 1771 Brought over Tales 138.7.5 Eight Chests Hyson Skins contains vizt. No. 1 Gross 82 2 Gross 85 3 Gross 81 4 Gross 79 5 Gross 82 6 Gross 84 7 Gross 86 8 Gross 85 Gross 664 Tare at 19 ꝑ Chest 152 Nett lb. 512 or Peculs 3.84 Hyson Skins at 27 Tales 103.6.8 Tales 242.4.3 Errors Excepted Canton (signed) 1st. Feby. 1771 Alexr. Hume Francis Wood Junr. Thomas Bevan Wm. Harrison John Bradby Blake Jas. Bradshaw We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors vizt. One Set to Captain Henry Bozell for £402 6 8 payable to Mr. Richard Bedman (or Order) And one Set to Captain Thomas Poynting for £260 payable to himself or Order (both drawn at ninety days sight. | The Bridgewater's invoice continued from 138 taels 7 mace 5 candareens brought over, with 8 chests of hyson skin tea. Brought over, 138 taels 7 mace 5 candareens 0 cash Chest 1, gross 82 lb Chest 2, gross 85 lb Chest 3, gross 81 lb Chest 4, gross 79 lb Chest 5, gross 82 lb Chest 6, gross 84 lb Chest 7, gross 86 lb Chest 8, gross 85 lb Total gross weight, 664 lb Tare at 19 lb a chest, 152 lb Total net weight, 512 lb Hyson skin tea, 3.84 piculs at 27 taels a picul, 103 taels 6 mace 8 candareens 0 cash Total, 242 taels 4 mace 3 candareens 0 cash The invoice was dated at Canton on 1 February 1771. Alexander Hume, Francis Wood junior, Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, John Bradley Blake and James Bradshaw signed it, reserving the right to correct any errors. The Council issued two sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors that day, both payable at 90 days' sight. The first, for £402 6s 8d, went to Captain Henry Bazett and was payable to Richard Bodman or his order. The second, for £260 0s 0d, went to Captain Thomas Poynting and was payable to himself or his order. Interpretations Hyson skin was the lower grade of hyson, the finest green tea of the China trade. The "skins" were the larger, coarser and broken leaves sifted out when hyson was sorted, sold at a fraction of the full price. At 27 taels a picul it still cost almost twice as much as bohea. The island had ordered singlo as its green tea until now. Taking hyson skin gave its officers and planters a superior green tea at a price that still let the stores sell it at a profit. Henry Bazett's bill of £402 6s 8d was his second remittance of the year, after £100 0s 0d in February 1771. A garrison captain's pay was under £240 0s 0d a year. Such sums point to income from trade or from his family's land and offices, sent home in the busy season when captains such as Poynting were also turning their profits into bills. | |
242 | 31 May The information Captn. Shirley gave the Governor the 6th. instant that two of his Men had Deserted we apprehend must be a mistake of his, as only one has been heard of who delivered himself up the day after the Ship Sailed. Mr. Matthew Purling reports that he has been on board the Ship Resolution to Muster her Company and enquire for deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Resolution Thos. Poynting Comdr. Robt. Young 1st. Mate Wm. Wasting 2d. do. Thos. Barnes 3d. do. Dickey Weir 4th. do. Roby Mungo Purser Edwd. Chase Surgeon Wm. Becher 1st. Mate Jno. Pressee Gunner Wm. Cook Boatswain Wm. Kalman Carpenter Jno. Breame Mid & Cox Chas. Flower Midshipn. Edwd. Cumming do. Walter Purling do. Jno. Hankins do. Wm. Langdon 2d. Mate Jas. Strange do. Jas. Pettitts do. Stephen Lewis do. Chas. Dore Ships Stewd. Thos. Bunnyleft do. Jno. Rogers Surgs. Mate Jno. Cunningham 2d. Mate James Strong do. John Vaughan Ships Cook Jno. Pennington Capts. Cook Wm. Tibbels Armourer Jno. Dunn Caulker Wm. Dunn do. Mate Alexr. Cumming do. Mate Jno. Henderson Butcher John Grant Butcher Wm. Tusley Baker Jno. Hogard Sailmaker Johan Hellary Cooper Thos. Evans do. Mate Jno. McMillan Taylor Jno. Beale Seaman Jno. Fall do. Jno. Wilson William Lever Thos. Dudgeon James Piper Geo. Lower Geo. Pettit John Lloyd David Peters Wm. Patterson John Baker Robt. Huddleston Henry Freeman William Bond Passenger Mr. Atkinson Seaman Robt. White Michael Field John English Wm. Robinson Wm. Browne George Browne John Elly Willm. Sweetman Thos. Cole William Bragdon James Fosse Peter Bloom James Davidson James Rankin Wm. Griffin Paul Stern John Nottby Gadon Grey John Mahes James Swift Francis Cantin Law Thomson Michael Wells Patrick Glester Michael Lynch John Hill Seaman Willm. Horace Richd. Cope Thos. Lampan John Heath George Connerly John Malpeth John Johnson Joseph Jones John Pichard Wm. Potts Thos. Bovey Adam Anger Hugh Honeycomb John Usher George Williams Thos. Franklin Perry Wright Willm. Stephenson Willm. Anderson George Hogber John Astin Richd. Williams John Hebrow William Butler Henry Cale (signed) Thos. Poynting John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | Captain Shirley had told the Governor on 6 May 1771 that two of his men had deserted. The Council believed he was mistaken. Only one man had been heard of, and he gave himself up the day after the Swallow sailed. Purling reported that he had boarded the Resolution to muster her crew and search for deserters, and had found none. Her muster roll listed these men. Thomas Poynting, commander Robert Young, chief mate William Woffey, second mate Thomas Barnes, third mate Dickey Weir, fourth mate Philip Hungs, purser Edward Chase, surgeon William Boston, surgeon's mate James Russ, gunner William Cook, boatswain William Watmore, carpenter John Browne, midshipman and coxswain Edward Flinn, midshipman Edward Cumming, midshipman Walter Bolting, midshipman John Hawkins, midshipman William Gordon, quartermaster M. Strange, quartermaster Robert Pettilo, quartermaster Stephen Lewis, quartermaster Charles Dodd, ship's steward Thomas Bennington, captain's steward Iden Rogers, carpenter's mate James Cunningham, boatswain's mate James Strong, boatswain's second mate John Burgher, ship's cook John Bennington, captain's cook W. Jebbetts, armourer William Dunn, caulker William Lunn, caulker's mate Alexander Cummings, gunner's mate James Henderson, [...] John Grant, butcher William Turley, baker John Hazard, sailmaker John Hillery, cooper Thomas Evans, cooper's mate James McLellan, tailor James Beasle, seaman James Hall, seaman James Wilson, seaman William Seaver, seaman Thomas Dudgeon, seaman James Piper, seaman George Sowe, seaman George Pettit, seaman John Lloyd, seaman David Peters, seaman William Patterson, seaman John Baker, seaman Robert Huddleston, seaman Henry Freeman, seaman Thomas Atkinson, seaman Robert White, seaman Michael Field, seaman John English, seaman William Robertson, seaman William Browne, seaman George Browne, seaman John Lilly, seaman William Sweetman, seaman Thomas Cole, seaman William Bragdon, seaman James Fyfe, seaman Peter Bloom, seaman James Davidson, seaman James Rankin, seaman William Griffin, seaman Paul Horn, seaman John Notley, seaman Gideon Grey, seaman John Marks, seaman James Swift, seaman Francis Cantlin, seaman Law Thomson, seaman Michael Wells, seaman Patrick Ghester, seaman Michael Lynch, seaman John Hill, seaman William Rouse, seaman Richard Cope, seaman Thomas Lampson, seaman John Heath, seaman George Connolly, seaman John Mulfeath, seaman John Johnson, seaman Joseph Jones, seaman John Pickard, seaman William Potts, seaman Thomas Berry, seaman Aaron Anger, seaman Hugh Honeycomb, seaman John Usher, seaman George Williams, seaman Thomas Franklin, seaman Perry Wright, seaman William Stephenson, seaman William Anderson, seaman George Hooper, seaman John Ashton, seaman Richard Williams, seaman John Hebrow, seaman William Butler, seaman Henry Cole, seaman William Bond, passenger Captain Thomas Poynting signed the roll. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The Council had earlier taken Captain Shirley's word that two men had deserted from the Swallow, and planned to put both to work until they could be sent home. Now it recorded its doubt. Only one man had come forward, and no trace of a second had appeared on an island where a fugitive could hardly hide for long. Setting the doubt down in the minutes protected the Council if the Admiralty later asked about a missing seaman. It showed that the Council had acted on the captain's report but could not account for a man it had never seen. | |
243 | 3rd. June At a Consultation held on Monday the 3d. day of June 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 31st. May 1771. Saturday the 1st. Sailed the Honble. Companys Ship Resolution for England We this day Granted the following Setts of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors Vizt. One Set to John Skottowe Esqr. for five hundred pounds payable to Captn. Nicholas Skottowe (or Order) And one Set to Mr. Richard Bagley for seventy nine pounds payable to Captn. Thomas Kirkpatrick (or Order) both drawn at ninety days sight. James Newport Private this day petitioned for his Discharge from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company his Contracted time. Granted John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 3 June 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 31 May 1771. The Company's ship Resolution sailed for England on Saturday 1 June 1771. The Council issued two sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors that day, both payable at 90 days' sight. The first, for £500 0s 0d, went to the Governor himself and was payable to Captain Nicholas Skottowe or his order. The second, for £79 0s 0d, went to Richard Bagley and was payable to Captain Thomas Kirkpatrick or his order. James Newport, a private, petitioned for his discharge from the garrison, having served the Company for the full term of his contract. The Council granted his request. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The Governor's own bill for £500 0s 0d, payable to a kinsman in the merchant or naval service, completed a run of remittances by every senior officer that season. Purling had sent £800 0s 0d in February, Corneille £200 0s 0d in May and Henry Bazett more than £500 0s 0d in two bills. The Governor's bill came close to his whole year's salary. The three members of the Council were each approving bills that the others drew for themselves. The record gave no sign that this was thought improper. Bills were the only way officers could send money home, and the coin they paid in kept the treasury solvent. Richard Bagley's smaller bill shows that planters used the same channel to settle debts or buy goods in England. | |
244 | 8th. June At a Consultation held on Saturday the 8th. day of June 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed, dated the 3d. June 1771 Thursday the 6th. Arrived the Vansittarts Boat at Banks's half an hour past ten o'Clock in the Morning Do. Do. Do. the Honble. Company's Ship Vansittart from Madras (last from the Cape) Yesterday Do. the Northingtons Boat at Banks's at half an hour past eight o'Clock in the Morning. Do. Do. the Honble. Company's Ship Northington from Bombay. This day Do. The Worcesters Boat at Banks's at five o'Clock in the Morning Do. Do. The Honble. Companys Ship Worcester from Bengal. The Vansittart, Northington & Worcester brought us the following Supplies Vizt. Invoice of Ship Vansittart Long Cloth superfine One Bale of No. 1-10 Cs. 2½ 1-10 One Bale do. No. 3. 1-10 Cs. 5 at 132 ꝑ Cs. 396 Washing at 2.7.16 ꝑ Cs. 6 21.48 Packing at 2.9 ꝑ Bale 4 18 Peathree at 13.16 do. 26.32 Freight at 2.18 do. 5 16.30 412.30 Carr. over 412.30 | The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 8 June 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 3 June 1771. On Thursday 6 June a boat from the Vansittart landed at Banks's at half past ten in the morning. The Company's ship Vansittart then arrived from Madras, having called last at the Cape. On 7 June a boat from the Northington landed at Banks's at half past eight in the morning, and the Company's ship Northington arrived from Bombay. On 8 June a boat from the Worcester landed at Banks's at five in the morning, and the Company's ship Worcester arrived from Bengal. The Vansittart, the Northington and the Worcester brought supplies for the island. The Vansittart's invoice, valued in Madras pagodas, began as follows. Superfine long cloth, 2 bales, 30 pieces at 13⅕ pagodas a piece, 396 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Washing at 2 fanams 16 cash a piece, 6 pagodas 21 fanams 48 cash Packing at 2 pagodas 9 fanams a bale, 4 pagodas 18 fanams 0 cash Boat hire at 13 fanams 16 cash a bale, 0 pagodas 26 fanams 32 cash Freight at 2 pagodas 18 fanams a bale, 5 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Total for charges, 16 pagodas 30 fanams 0 cash Total, 412 pagodas 30 fanams 0 cash Carried over, 412 pagodas 30 fanams 0 cash Interpretations The pagoda was the gold coin and money of account of the Madras presidency. It divided into 36 fanams, each of 80 cash. The long cloth came unbleached from the Coromandel looms. It was then washed and whitened by professional washermen before packing, a separate charge on every piece. At 13⅕ pagodas a piece, this was the finest grade, close to the 12 pagodas the Council had asked Madras to pay for its best cloth in its letter of 16 April 1771. It was bought for the officers' and senior servants' shirts, not for the general stores. | |
245 | 1771 Brought over Pagodas 412.30 Long Cloth Fine Bale 1 9 Ps. 1½ Cs. at 66 ꝑ Cs. 99 Washing at 1.25.70 ꝑ Cs. 2.20.45 Packing at do. 2.9 Beathree at do. 13.6 Freight 2.18 7.25.5 106.25.5 Long Cloth Midling 18 Cs. 1 Bale 52.28.64 ꝑ Corge 79.7.16 Washing at 1.16.64 2.7.16 Packing 29 Beathree 8.64 Freight 3 7.25 86.32.16 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagrs. of 294 Galls. at Pag. 52 ꝑ Leagr. 104 Bags 27 Rice ꝑ Bs. Mds. 37.2.19 Tare at 2 Seer ea. 1.26 Nett 37.21 is Mds. 180 at Ps. 72.14.10 ꝑ 100 32.20.60 Bags 22 Paddy ꝑ Bs. Mds. 22.3.13 Tare at 2 Seer ea. 1.16 Nett 22.1.25 is Mds. 130 at 10 Ps. ꝑ Gar. 15 Charges Merchandize Gunny Bags for Rice & Paddy 76 ea. Pag. 4½ ꝑ C. 3.10.10 Twine for do. 5 at 1¼ ꝑ Viss 5.40 Cooly Hire on Paddy and Rice 12.40 Tin Plates and Nails 8 Boat & Cooly hire on 7 Boats at Fs. 10.20 ꝑ Boat 1.35.60 Tarpawlins hire on 4 Boats at 4 Fs. ꝑ Bt. 16 6.15.50 Pags. 764.15.47 E Excepted (signed) C. B. Dent Act. Storekeeper | The Vansittart's invoice continued from 412 pagodas 30 fanams brought over. Brought over, 412 pagodas 30 fanams 0 cash Fine long cloth, 1 bale of 15 pieces at 6⅗ pagodas a piece, 99 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Washing the fine long cloth at 1 pagoda 25 fanams 70 cash a corge, 2 pagodas 20 fanams 56 cash Packing the fine long cloth, 2 pagodas 9 fanams 0 cash Boat hire for the fine long cloth, 0 pagodas 13 fanams 6 cash Freight for the fine long cloth, 2 pagodas 18 fanams 0 cash Total charges on the fine long cloth, 7 pagodas 25 fanams 1 cash Total for the fine long cloth, 106 pagodas 25 fanams 1 cash Middling long cloth, 1 bale, at 52 pagodas 23 fanams 64 cash a corge, 79 pagodas 7 fanams 16 cash Washing the middling long cloth at 1 pagoda 16 fanams 64 cash a corge, 2 pagodas 7 fanams 16 cash Packing the middling long cloth, 2 pagodas 9 fanams 0 cash Boat hire for the middling long cloth, 0 pagodas 8 fanams 64 cash Freight for the middling long cloth, 3 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Total charges on the middling long cloth, 7 pagodas 25 fanams 0 cash Total for the middling long cloth, 86 pagodas 32 fanams 16 cash Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers containing 294 gallons, at 52 pagodas a leaguer, 104 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Rice, 37 bags, net weight after tare [...], 32 pagodas 20 fanams 60 cash Unhusked rice, 22 bags, net [...], at 10 pagodas a garce, 15 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Gunny bags for the rice and unhusked rice, 76, 3 pagodas 10 fanams 10 cash Twine for the bags, 0 pagodas 5 fanams 40 cash Coolie hire for the rice and unhusked rice, 0 pagodas 12 fanams 40 cash Tin plates and nails, 0 pagodas 8 fanams 0 cash Boat and coolie hire, 7 boats at 10 fanams 20 cash a boat, 1 pagoda 35 fanams 60 cash Hire of tarpaulins for 4 boats, 0 pagodas 16 fanams 0 cash Total for charges on the merchandise, 6 pagodas 15 fanams 50 cash Total, 764 pagodas 15 fanams 47 cash C. B. Dent signed the invoice as sub-accountant, reserving the right to correct any errors. Interpretations The garce was the large grain measure of the Madras coast, used for rice and unhusked rice. Coolies were the hired porters who carried the bags from the warehouses to the beach. At Madras there was no harbour, so every package went out to the ship through the surf in country boats. That explains the separate charges for boat hire and for tarpaulins, which kept the cloth and grain dry on the run through the breakers. | |
246 | 8th. June Invoice of Ship Northington Rice beaten fine 45 Bags of 360 Surat Maunds at 24 Rs. ꝑ 18 Surat Maunds 400 Charges Merchandize Gunny Bags &c. 55.3 Lasparage 3.2.40 Hamallage 2.2.90 Beathree 2.2 64.2.30 Rupees 544.1.50 Errors Excepted (signed) Wm. Hornby Accompt. Invoice of Ship Worcester Rice Fine 60 Bags Mds. 120 Cs. Mds. at 3.4 ꝑ Md. 421.3.3 Sugar 10 Bags Mds. 20 at 17 ꝑ do. 340 Paddy 15 Bags Mds. 22.20 at 2.4 ꝑ do. 50.10 Wax Candles 4 Chests Mds. 3 75 do. 600 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagrs. at 140 ꝑ Lea. 302.6.6 1714.3.9 Carried over Rupees 1714.3.9 | The invoice of the Northington listed her supplies from Bombay, valued in Bombay rupees. Fine rice, 45 bags weighing 300 Surat maunds, at 24 rupees for 18 Surat maunds, 400 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Gunny bags and other packing, 55 rupees 3 quarters 0 reas Lascar hire, 3 rupees 2 quarters 40 reas Porterage, 2 rupees 2 quarters 90 reas Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Total for charges on the merchandise, 64 rupees 2 quarters 30 reas Total, 541 rupees 1 quarter 50 reas William Hornby signed the invoice as accountant, reserving the right to correct any errors. The invoice of the Worcester listed her supplies from Bengal, valued in current rupees. Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 maunds, at 3 rupees 8 annas a maund, 421 rupees 3 annas 3 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds, at 17 rupees a maund, 340 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Unhusked rice, 15 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, at 2 rupees 4 annas a maund, 50 rupees 10 annas 0 pice Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds, at 75 rupees a maund, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at 140 rupees a leaguer, 302 rupees 6 annas 6 pice Total for merchandise, 1,714 rupees 3 annas 9 pice Carried over, 1,714 rupees 3 annas 9 pice Interpretations The Bombay rice cost 24 rupees for 18 Surat maunds, down from 28 on the Admiral Pocock in March and close to the 22 paid on the Greenwich. The price at Bombay had fallen back after the season's peak. The Bengal invoice was the same standard consignment that every Calcutta ship carried that year: 60 bags of rice, 10 of sugar, 15 of unhusked rice, four chests of candles and two leaguers of arrack. Fort William packed an identical allotment for each ship, so the island's supply arrived in equal instalments, and the loss of any single ship cost it only a fraction. | |
247 | [Foot of the page cut off below the image edge, across all three columns of the muster roll.] 1771 Brought over Rupees 1714.3.9 Charges Merchandize 161 Gunny Bags 24.6 6 Jute Ropes 9.6 4 Mangoe Chests 12.15.3 3½ Ps. Gunnahs 4.13.6 7 Reels 7.3 16 Gunnys 1.8.9 11 Jute Ropes 12 40 Reed Matts 3.7.3 Mortars 13.8 Weighmen & Packermen 1.11 Poons 2.5.3 Beathree 2.10.3 Shipping 135 Duet 1.3.9 207.15.3 Current Rupees 1922.3 Errors Excepted (signed) L. Darell Sub Accompt. Mr. Matthew Purling reports that he has been on board the Ship Vansittart to Muster her Company and enquire for deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as follows vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Vansittart Richd. Lewin Commander Jno. Border Chief Mate John Rush 2d. do. David Marshall 3d. do. Hector McLane Surgeon C. Rubber Purser Jno. Allen Boatswain Wm. Fluer Gunner Aaron Peters Carpenter Willm. Grundy Ships Stewd. Jo. Paramore Mid & Coxn. Danl. Dupear Midshipn. Thos. Heaton do. Thos. Dade Surgs. Mate | The Worcester's invoice continued from 1,714 rupees 3 annas 9 pice brought over, with the charges on the merchandise. Brought over, 1,714 rupees 3 annas 9 pice Gunny bags, 161, 21 rupees 11 annas 6 pice Jute ropes, 6, 0 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Mango-wood chests, 4, 12 rupees 15 annas 3 pice Gurrah cloth, 3¾ pieces, 4 rupees 12 annas 6 pice Nails, 0 rupees 7 annas 3 pice Gunnies, 16, 1 rupee 8 annas 9 pice Jute ropes, 11, 0 rupees 12 annas 0 pice Reed mats, 40, 3 rupees 7 annas 3 pice Mortars, 13 rupees 8 annas 0 pice Weighmen and packers, 1 rupee 11 annas 0 pice Peons, 2 rupees 5 annas 3 pice Boat hire, 3 rupees 10 annas 3 pice Sloop hire, 135 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Dustoory, 1 rupee 3 annas 9 pice Total for charges on the merchandise, 207 rupees 15 annas 3 pice Total in current rupees, 1,922 rupees 3 annas 0 pice L. Darell signed the invoice as sub-accountant, reserving the right to correct any errors. Purling reported that he had boarded the Vansittart to muster her crew and search for deserters, and had found none. Her muster roll began as follows. Richard Lewin, commander James Border, chief mate John Ruth, second mate David Marshall, third mate Hector McLane, surgeon C. Walker, purser James Allen, boatswain William Fisher, gunner Aaron Peters, carpenter William Gurdy, ship's steward John Parsons, midshipman and coxswain Daniel Ospear, midshipman Thomas Heaton, midshipman Thomas Duck, carpenter's mate Interpretations The Worcester's charges included 13 rupees 8 annas for mortars, an item absent from the other Bengal invoices. These were probably stone or wooden mortars used for pounding and cleaning rice, sent with the consignment for the island's own use. The Council was then grinding wheat and husking rice on the island to save on imported flour. | |
248 | 8th. June John Barton Capts. 2d. Mate James McKinson 2d. Master Henry Palmer do. George Buckley do. Robt. Martin do. Robert Frame do. William Gould do. Willm. Barton Caulker John Orrell do. Mate Thos. Smith Sailmaker Geo. Baker Armourer Saml. Watson Butcher Joseph Coker Baker Robt. Lee Capt. Steward Thomas Sambrook do. Seaman Jo. Conquer Boats 1st. Mate Andrew Howard do. 2d. do. James Wood Gunrs. Mate Richd. Smith Seaman John Murphy John Smith John Rublin Gray McCabe James Hatchett Joseph Brand James Jefferson Seaman John Seaton James Hicks Thos. Watson John Martin John Tuttle John Taylor John Pursley Richd. Cooper Alexander Banks Jeremiah Jones James Johnson Mark Fitzgerald Thos. Tracey Richd. Lindon Robt. Chamberlain Henry Calvo Chas. Burne Andrew Glynn Willm. Galney John Thompson John Comuide Isaac Simmonds Henry Burwell Edwd. Abbott Abraham Jones Seaman Jacob Johnson John McLane Thos. Porter Willm. Harris Wm. Hinds John Jones John Burley James Goodfellow John Dorsey Heneage Smith David Jeffery's John Carne Lewis Jones John Perkins Nichs. Jackman Capt. Cook Telemachus do. Mate Walter Billiard Ships Cook R. Bunn Purser Servant R. Dwyer Gunners do. Wm. Worder Chief Mates do. John Smith 2d. do. James Skelton Pursers do. Robt. McLane Surgeons do. Fran. Capts. do. Passengers Major Fitzgerald Mrs. Briggs Mrs. Oberr Mrs. Smith Miss Sandell Mess Oliver Rhodes Fowle Churchill Adams 21 Invalids (Signed) Richd. Lewin | The Vansittart's muster roll continued. John Barton, carpenter's second mate James McFarson, quartermaster Henry Palmer, quartermaster George Buckley, quartermaster Robert Martin, quartermaster Robert Frame, quartermaster William Gould, quartermaster William Barlow, caulker John Howell, caulker's mate Thomas Smith, sailmaker George Baker, armourer Samuel Watson, butcher Joseph Coker, poulterer Robert Lee, captain's steward James Lambeck, ship's cook John Conquer, boatswain's first mate Andrew Stewart, boatswain's second mate James Hurst, gunner's mate Richard Little, seaman John Murphy, seaman John Smith, seaman John Rublin, seaman Gray McCabe, seaman James Hatchett, seaman Joseph Bread, seaman James Jefferson, seaman John Linton, seaman James Ricks, seaman Thomas Watson, seaman John Martin, seaman John Little, seaman John Taylor, seaman John Bentley, seaman Michael Cooper, seaman Alexander Banks, seaman Jeremiah Jones, seaman James Johnson, seaman Mark Fitzgerald, seaman Thomas Curry, seaman Richard Lindon, seaman Robert Chamberlain, seaman Henry Calvin, seaman Charles Burne, seaman Andrew Glynn, seaman William Galvey, seaman John Thompson, seaman John Connell, seaman Isaac Simmonds, seaman Henry Burwell, seaman Edward Abbott, seaman Abraham Jones, seaman Jacob Johnson, seaman John McLane, seaman Thomas Porter, seaman William Harris, seaman William Hinds, seaman John Jones, seaman John Bentley, seaman James Goodfellow, seaman John Dorey, seaman Hendrick Smith, seaman David Jeffreys, seaman John Lane, seaman Lewis Jones, seaman John Parsons, seaman Nicholas Jackman, captain's cook Telemachus, chief mate's servant Walter Pillard, ship's cook R. Burn, boatswain's servant R. Dwyer, gunner's servant William Border, chief mate's servant John Smith, second mate's servant James Skiller, purser's servant Thomas McLane, surgeon's servant Frane, carpenter's servant Major Fitzgerald, passenger Miss Briggs, passenger Mr Mess, passenger Mr Orton, passenger Mr Brooks, passenger Mrs Olson, passenger Mrs Keith, passenger Miss Sandell, passenger Mr Fowle, passenger Mr Churchill, passenger Mr Adams, passenger Invalids, 21 Captain Richard Lewin signed the roll. Interpretations The Vansittart carried 21 invalids home from Madras, soldiers of the Company's coast army worn out by fever and campaigning. Every homeward Indiaman was expected to take a share of such men at the Company's charge, just as the Earl of Middlesex and the Greenwich had carried the island's own invalids in March 1771. Telemachus, recorded with a single classical name, was probably a slave or Indian servant attached to the chief mate. | |
249 | 1771 The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores Short received from Ship Vansittart. Account of Stores short received from Ship Vansittart vizt. C. qr. lb. 2 1 19 Rice 1 9 Paddy Short weight occasioned by wastage the Packages being in good Order Arrack vizt. No. 1 1 Leagr. Gages Galls. 138 wants to fill Galls. 3 No. 2 1 do. 141 wants do. 3 279 16½ Received 263 Gallons St. Helena (signed) 8th. June 1771 James Powell Storekeeper John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | The storekeeper presented an account of the stores that had arrived short from the Vansittart. Rice, 2 cwt 1 qr 19 lb, short in weight through wastage in sound packages Unhusked rice, 1 cwt 0 qr 9 lb, short in weight through wastage in sound packages Arrack, leaguer number 1, gauged at 138 gallons, short of full by 3 gallons Arrack, leaguer number 2, gauged at 141 gallons, short of full by 13 gallons Total arrack gauged, 279 gallons Total arrack short, 16 gallons Arrack received, 263 gallons James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 8 June 1771. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. | |
250 | 10th. June At a Consultation held on Monday the 10th. day of June [...] the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. [...] Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. [...] Mr. Matthew Purling [...] The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 8th. June 1771. Yesterday Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Vansittart for England We this day Executed the renewal of a Lease to James Pritchard Taylor for a piece of Ground lying in James's Valley containing fifty feet in front and forty feet in depth at 1/. ꝑ Annum The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of May last this day laid before us, which have been examined approved of, and are as follow vizt. Artillery Stores Expended in May 1771 Guns fired, 32 lb., 24 lb., 18 lb., 6 lb., 4 lb., 1 lb., Powder expended lb., Powder expended oz. [...] at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 2, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 9, Powder expended oz. 0 [...] at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 [...] Europa: Guns fired 9, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 [...]: Guns fired 6, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 [...] Majesty's Sloop the Endeavour: Guns fired 11, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 11, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 16, Powder expended oz. 8 [...]: Guns fired 34, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 2, 6 lb. 20, 4 lb. 8, 1 lb. 4, Powder expended lb. 65, Powder expended oz. 0 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 10 June 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 8 June 1771. The Company's ship Vansittart sailed for England on 9 June 1771. The Council signed a renewal of the lease to James Pritchard, a tailor, for a plot of ground in James's Valley 50 feet across the front and 40 feet deep, at £0 7s 0d a year. The Council examined and approved the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for May 1771. The artillery stores were used as follows. [...] at Purling's Battery: 2 18-pounders fired, 9 lb of powder [...] at Prosperous Bay: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder [...] the Europa: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. [...]: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder [...] the King's sloop Endeavour: 11 6-pounders fired, 16 lb 8 oz of powder. Total: 34 guns fired, made up of 2 18-pounders, 20 6-pounders, 8 4-pounders and 4 1-pounders, 65 lb of powder | |
251 | 1771 Guns fired, 32 lb., 24 lb., 18 lb., 6 lb., 4 lb., 1 lb., Powder expended lb., Powder expended oz. Brought over: Guns fired 34, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 2, 6 lb. 20, 4 lb. 8, 1 lb. 4, Powder expended lb. 65, Powder expended oz. 0 7 To Salute Captn. Shirley coming on shore: Guns fired 11, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 11, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 16, Powder expended oz. 8 4 Departed his Majesty's Ships Portland and Endeavour: Guns fired 13, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 13, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 19, Powder expended oz. 8 Do. the India Fleet of twelve Ships: Guns fired 17, 32 lb. 1, 24 lb. 2, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 14, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 18, Powder expended oz. 0 6 Do. His Majesty's Sloop Swallow: Guns fired 11, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 11, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 16, Powder expended oz. 8 20 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 21 Arrived a Danes Ship: Guns fired 9, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 24 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 Arrived the Resolution: Guns fired 9, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 26 Departed a Danes Ship: Guns fired 9, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 30 A Double Alarm: Guns fired 9, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 6, 1 lb. 3, Powder expended lb. 19, Powder expended oz. 8 Arrived the Bridgewater & Huntingdon: Guns fired 18, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 18, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 27, Powder expended oz. 0 Powder expended on Ladder Hill: Guns fired 0, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 12, Powder expended oz. 0 Do. for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 133, Powder expended oz. 15 Total: Guns fired 152, 32 lb. 1, 24 lb. 2, 18 lb. 2, 6 lb. 114, 4 lb. 22, 1 lb. 11, Powder expended lb. 416, Powder expended oz. 15 Sheep Skins to coat Spunges No. 2 Do. Tanned for Powder Bags 2 Lead Ball to shoot Goats lb. 7 Sunk Nails No. 60 Tompions 7 Rammer Heads 6 Tallow lb. 7 Spunge Heads No. 1 Do. Staffs 1 Match lb. 3 (signed) James Tyssel Captn. of Artillery | The artillery stores used in May 1771 continued from 34 guns and 65 lb of powder brought over. Brought over: 34 guns fired, 65 lb of powder Salute for Captain Shirley on coming ashore: 11 6-pounders fired, 16 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the departure of the King's ships Portland and Endeavour on 4 May: 13 6-pounders fired, 19 lb 8 oz of powder. Salute on the departure of the India fleet of twelve ships the same day: 17 guns fired, made up of 1 32-pounder, 2 24-pounders and 14 6-pounders, 18 lb of powder Salute on the departure of the King's sloop Swallow on 6 May: 11 6-pounders fired, 16 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 20 May: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of a Danish ship on 21 May: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Alarm on 24 May: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of the Resolution: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Salute on the departure of a Danish ship on 26 May: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder Double alarm on 30 May: 9 guns fired, made up of 6 4-pounders and 3 1-pounders, 19 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the arrival of the Bridgewater and the Huntingdon: 18 6-pounders fired, 27 lb of powder. Powder used on Ladder Hill, 12 lb Powder for various other services, 155 lb 15 oz Total: 182 guns fired, made up of 1 32-pounder, 2 24-pounders, 2 18-pounders, 114 6-pounders, 22 4-pounders and 11 1-pounders, 416 lb 15 oz of powder Sheepskins for covering sponges, 2 Tanned sheepskins for powder bags, 2 Lead ball for shooting goats, 7 lb 3 oz Trunk nails, 60 Tompions, 7 Rammer heads, 6 Tallow, 7 lb Sponge heads, 1 Sponge staves, 3 Slow match, [...] James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Interpretations The departure of the India fleet on 4 May 1771 drew the only firing of the island's heaviest guns that month, a 32-pounder and two 24-pounders. The grander salute marked the sailing of twelve Indiamen together under royal escort, the largest homeward fleet of the season. Trunk nails were broad-headed nails used to fix leather and canvas, here probably for covering powder bags and sponge heads. | |
252 | 10th. June Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in May 1771. £ Botts. Madeira Wine 55 4 2 6 Do. Port 20 1 10 Do. Lisbon 20 1 10 Do. Beer 56 10 6 Galls. Arrack 22 3 6 lb. Beef at 3½ d. 89 1 2 3 Do. at 5 d. do. 109½ 2 5 6½ lb. Mutton 237 5 19 7 Turkey's 3 15 Fowls 20 1 10 Duck 1 1 6 Geese 2 10 lb. Candy 91½ 2 5 9 lb. Flour 508 4 4 8 Kids 2 10 Pigs 4 1 £ 31 3 3¼ Mr. Matthew Purling Reports that he has been on board the Ships Bridgewater, Huntingdon, Northington, and Worcester, to Muster their Companys and enquire for deserters, but found none, their Muster Rolls are as follow vizt. | The provisions used at the Company's table in May 1771 were as follows. Madeira, 55 bottles, £4 2s 6d Port, 20 bottles, £1 10s 0d Lisbon wine, 20 bottles, £1 10s 0d Beer, 56 bottles, £0 10s 6d Arrack, 22 gallons, £3 6s 0d Beef at 3d a pound, 89 lb, £1 2s 3d Beef at 5d a pound, 109½ lb, £2 5s 6½d Mutton, 237 lb, £5 10s 7d Turkeys, 3, £0 15s 0d Fowls, 20, £1 10s 0d Duck, 1, £0 1s 6d Geese, 2, £0 10s 0d Sugar candy, 91½ lb, £2 5s 9d Flour, 508 lb, £4 4s 8d Kids, 2, £0 10s 0d Pigs, 4, £1 0s 0d Total, £31 3s 3¾d Purling reported that he had boarded the Bridgewater, the Huntingdon, the Northington and the Worcester to muster their crews and search for deserters, and had found none. Their muster rolls followed. Interpretations For the first time the table's beef was entered at two prices: 3d a pound and 5d a pound. Until April the Company had charged its table a single rate. The higher price probably reflected beef bought from the planters, whose few remaining fat cattle commanded a premium after two years of drought. The cheaper meat came from the Company's own herd at its book rate. The drought was now showing in the price of beef as well as in its scarcity. | |
253 | 1771 Muster Roll of Ship Bridgewater Nichs. Rotton Commander Wm. Parker Chief Mate Joseph Bradford 2d. do. Fra. Wm. Le Fegan 3d. do. Wm. Hawkins 4th. do. Robert Wood 5th. do. Thos. Harrison Cockswain Chas. Stoney Midshipman Henry Clarke do. John Ballard do. Robt. Stevens do. Robt. Albert Purser Griff Thomas Surgeon Geo. Skeen do. Mate John Francis Gunner Geo. Cutler Carpenter Wm. Patterson Boatswain John Lloyd Ships Steward John Jones Capts. do. Hugh Mackey do. Cook David Mitchell Gunrs. Mate John Ogilvie Boatswains do. Jno. Carter do. Robt. Hunt Carpentr. do. C. W. Sutliff Ditto Henry Smith Caulker Jno. Hall Sailmaker Wm. Jack Armourer James Martin do. Mate John Wainwright Butcher James Bridger Poulterer David Campbell Baker Step. Shutt Ships Cook Duncan Dunbar 2d. Mate Thos. Cornwallis 2d. Master George Shepherd do. Charles Dickey do. John Rule do. And. Thompson Seaman Chas. Pooley Geo. McFarling Wm. McKindley Alexr. Scott John Johnson Wm. John Garnwich Thos. Jackson James Thompenstall John Mackey Danl. Knight Saml. Hipston John Bears John Hughes Alexr. Booth Wm. Weston Thos. Carter John Coffey James Picke Geo. Kenner Wm. Lovell Lawrence Meadows John McCloud John Wench James Shirriff Wm. Thompson Henry Mason Wm. Hawkins Joseph Ampson Wm. Welch John Pollman Seaman John Burnett Wm. Brooks Robt. Waddle Wm. Deverary John Manners Geo. Webster John Robinson Hugh Grant Saml. Horne Robt. Pikes Wm. Eastheide John Pearle Wm. Burns Jos. Grange James Lewis Wm. Muske Wm. Hammond Thos. Browne Edwd. Sweeney John Thomas John Pocock Robt. Etherington John Nightingall Wm. Smallman Jos. Bradford John Mahoney Wm. Sheridan John St. John Robt. Nevel Capt. Servant Edwd. Varner Stewd. do. Simon Bargerford Purser do. Jos. Burton 2d. Mates do. James McCulloch Surg. do. | The muster roll of the Bridgewater listed these men. Nicholas Skottowe, commander William Parker, chief mate Joseph Bradford, second mate Francis William Le Fegan, third mate William Hawkins, fourth mate Robert Wood, fifth mate Thomas Harrison, coxswain Charles Henry, midshipman Henry Clarke, midshipman John Ballard, midshipman Robert Stevenson, midshipman Robert Albert, purser Griffith Thomas, surgeon George Skeen, surgeon's mate John Francis, gunner George Cuttle, carpenter William Patterson, boatswain John Lloyd, ship's steward John Jones, captain's steward Hugh Mackey, ship's cook David Mitchell, gunner's mate John Ogilvie, boatswain's mate Joseph Carter, boatswain's mate Robert Ford, carpenter's mate C. W. Sutcliffe, carpenter's mate Benny Smith, caulker Robert Hall, sailmaker William Jack, armourer James Martin, surgeon's mate John Wainwright, butcher James Blyth, poulterer David Coyshell, baker Stephen Sheriff, captain's cook Duncan Dunbar, quartermaster Thomas Gamaster, quartermaster George Shepherd, quartermaster Charles Dickey, quartermaster John Pole, quartermaster Andrew Thompson, seaman Charles Purley, seaman George McFarley, seaman William McKindley, seaman Alexander Todd, seaman John Johnson, seaman John Greenwich, seaman Thomas Jackson, seaman James Thompsonsall, seaman John Mackey, seaman Daniel Knight, seaman Samuel Hipston, seaman John Beard, seaman John Hulse, seaman Alexander Booth, seaman William Weston, seaman Thomas Carter, seaman John Gafney, seaman James Picke, seaman George Turner, seaman William Smith, seaman Lawrence Meadows, seaman John McCloud, seaman John Winch, seaman James Sheriff, seaman William Thompson, seaman Henry Mason, seaman William Hawkins, seaman Joseph Simpson, seaman William Welch, seaman John Pollman, seaman John Barrett, seaman William Brooks, seaman Robert Waddle, seaman William Deverany, seaman John Manners, seaman George Webster, seaman John Robinson, seaman Hugh Grant, seaman Samuel Horne, seaman Robert Peters, seaman William Eastwood, seaman John Pearle, seaman William Barnes, seaman Joseph Grange, seaman James Lewis, seaman William Marks, seaman William Hammond, seaman Thomas Brown, seaman Edward Sweeney, seaman John Thomas, seaman John Pirot, seaman Robert Etherington, seaman John Nightingale, seaman William Smallman, seaman Joseph Bradford, seaman John Mahoney, seaman William Sheridan, seaman John St John, seaman Robert Noir, captain's servant Edward Vernon Hard, captain's servant Simon Bingerford, chief mate's servant Joseph Barton, second mate's servant James McCulloch, surgeon's servant Interpretations The Bridgewater's commander, Nicholas Skottowe, was the man to whom the Governor drew his bill of £500 0s 0d on 3 June 1771. The Governor's kinsman thus commanded one of the season's China ships. He sent home his money in the hands of a relative in the Company's maritime service. A family that held the island's governorship and an Indiaman's command could move money, goods and favours between St Helena, Canton and London without passing through strangers' hands. | |
254 | 10th. June John Hughes Gunrs. Servant Jno. Early Boatswn. do. Richd. Fear Carpr. do. John Sell Seaman Geo. Brissett Wm. Conner Seaman David Short James Johnson (signed) Nichs. Rotton Muster Roll of Ship Huntingdon Peter Pigou Commander Thos. Foxhall Chief Mate Jno. Dickenson 3d. do. Charles Chambers 4th. do. John Lloyd 5th. do. Wm. Nicholls Midshipman Robert Harden do. Wm. Ugers do. Philip Dalton do. Thos. Barden Mid. & Coxn. Jos. Bateman Surgeon Robert Nicholl Carpenter John Wright Gunner Pascoe Lucas Surgs. Mate Joseph Dawson Ships Stewd. Fras. Rogers Capts. Cook Geo. Forsyce Cooper James Phillips Caulker Geo. Richardson Carpr. 1st. Mate Wm. Sutton do. 2d. do. Saml. Shelles Caulk. Mate James Hannah Ships Cook Ralph Wood Sailmaker John Brown Gunrs. Mate Robert Owen Carpr. do. James Martin Armr. do. John Tuley Capts. Taylor Fras. Philpot Butcher John Bright Baker John Jones Baker Mate Geo. Bennet Capts. Cook do. John Coats 2d. Master Thos. Coulson do. Thos. Christy do. Thos. Simpson do. John Lucy Chief M. Boy John Dawson 4th. Mate do. Jacob Clifford Bakers do. Thos. Walker Surgeons do. Joseph Wells Carpentr. do. James Clifton Seaman John Wilkinson John Bell Thos. Morris Geo. Straughan Wm. Johnson Hans Hughes Daniel Lundees Wm. Cartney John De Wight Thos. Spud Robert Hill Matthew Miller Seaman James Hawes James Wells Edward Shorn Samuel Waters John Shepherd Rice Pearn Wm. Price Geo. Strong Wm. Strong John Morgan Alexr. Grey Andrew Anderson Wm. Jones David Batt John Whiteman James Mitchell John Foley Robert Thompson Nath. Hill Wm. Kerper Norman McCloud John Mason Bazill Owen Fras. Ship Robert Rankin | The Bridgewater's muster roll concluded. John Hughes, gunner's servant John Early, boatswain's servant Richard Fear, carpenter's servant John Hill, seaman George Bassett, seaman William Conner, seaman David Short, seaman James Johnson, seaman Captain Nicholas Skottowe signed the roll. The muster roll of the Huntingdon began as follows. Peter Pigou, commander Thomas Foxhall, chief mate Samuel Dickenson, third mate Charles Chambers, fourth mate John Loyd, fifth mate William Nicholls, midshipman Robert Harden, midshipman William Ugers, midshipman Philip Dalton, midshipman Thomas Durden, midshipman and coxswain Robert Bateman, surgeon Robert Nicholls, carpenter John Wright, gunner David Lewis, surgeon's mate Joseph Dawson, ship's steward Francis Rogers, captain's cook George Ferguson, cooper James Phillips, caulker George Richardson, carpenter's first mate William Sutton, carpenter's second mate Samuel Shells, caulker's mate James Hannah, ship's cook Ralph Ward, sailmaker John Brown, gunner's mate Robert Owen, carpenter's mate James Martin, armourer John Toby, captain's tailor Francis Philpot, butcher John Bright, baker John Jones, boatswain's mate George Bennet, captain's steward John Coates, quartermaster Thomas Coulson, quartermaster Thomas Christy, quartermaster Thomas Simpson, quartermaster John Searcy, chief mate's boy John Brown, second mate's boy Jacob Clifford, boatswain's boy Thomas Walker, surgeon's boy Joseph Wells, carpenter's boy James Clifton, seaman John Wilkinson, seaman John Bell, seaman Thomas Morris, seaman George Straughan, seaman William Johnson, seaman Hans Hughes, seaman Daniel Saunders, seaman William Cosking, seaman John De Wight, seaman Thomas Spaid, seaman Robert Hill, seaman Matthew Miller, seaman James Hawes, seaman James Holt, seaman Edward Shinn, seaman Samuel Waters, seaman John Shepherd, seaman Rice Ream, seaman William Price, seaman George Strong, seaman William Strong, seaman John Morgan, seaman Alexander Gray, seaman Andrew Anderson, seaman William Jones, seaman David Batt, seaman John Whiteman, seaman James Mitchell, seaman John Finley, seaman Robert Thompson, seaman Nathaniel Hill, seaman William Kiefer, seaman Norman McLeod, seaman John Mason, seaman Powell Owen, seaman Francis Slip, seaman Robert Rankin, seaman | |
255 | 1771 Mark Watkins Seaman John Mason John Pannar Willm. Merrell Thos. Blackburn John Johnson John Jones John James Seaman Henry Hilton Armourer Joseph Dawson Seaman John Fealing Antonio Vanhooke Jacob Swanson Peter Bowling Seaman Lawrence Angelo John Bricker Willm. Jacobs Robert Watson Walter Wiltshire William Abbott (signed) Peter Pigou Muster Roll of Ship Northington John Sealy Commander John May Chief Mate Richd. Parris 2d. do. James Steward 3d. do. Allen Chatfield 4th. do. Henry Churchill 5th. do. Hamond Moore do. Alexr. Gibbons Purser Richd. Allen Surgeon Philip Bateman do. Mate Fras. Todd Boatswain John Blackmore Gunner Wm. Nicholas Carpenter Jno. Rowlings Mid. & Coxn. Wm. Ivy Midshipman Benj. Allen do. Chas. Lore Mills do. John Sharp do. John Smith 2d. Master Wm. Hensey do. Wm. Whiteland do. Joseph Prusman do. Andw. Rosburgh do. Joshua Fenson 2d. Master Wm. Warren Ships Steward John Furnes Capts. do. John Hubert Ships Cook James May Capts. do. John Angus Cooper John Foster Caulker John Atkinson Gunrs. Mate Robt. Grinnell Carp. 1st. Mate Thos. Dunn do. 2d. do. Wm. Cripps Caulkers Mate Jacob Wolfgang Sailmaker John Ayr Armourer John Brown Coopers Mate Robert Moir Seaman Morgan Terry James Murdock Robt. Richardby John Williamson John Wick Geo. Morrison Thos. Hawkins John Knight Geo. Jay Seaman Andrew Ambrosel Matthew Henderson Peter Bell John Dickerson Peter Puskell George Bond Thos. Pennaran Benj. Miller John Mitchell Benj. Conney Thos. Burkett John Hinds Wm. Caulkett James Wells Fras. Apthorp Stephen Williams James Graham Samuel Blood Alex. Watson John Donaldson Charles Adams John Herring | The Huntingdon's muster roll concluded. Mark Watkins, seaman John Mason, seaman John Pannar, seaman William Merrill, seaman Thomas Blackburn, seaman John Johnson, seaman John Jones, seaman John James, seaman Henry Hilton, armourer Joseph Dawson, seaman John Fairling, seaman Antonio Vanhooke, seaman Jacob Swanson, seaman Peter Bowling, seaman Lawrence Angelo, seaman John Bricker, seaman William Jacobs, seaman Robert Watson, seaman Walter Wiltshire, seaman William Abbott, seaman Captain Peter Pigou signed the roll. The muster roll of the Northington began as follows. John Sealy, commander John May, chief mate Richard Parris, second mate James Steward, third mate Allen Chatfield, fourth mate Henry Churchill, fifth mate Thomas Ravenor, sixth mate Alexander Gibbons, purser Richard Allen, surgeon Philip Bateman, surgeon's mate Francis Todd, boatswain John Blackmore, gunner William Nicholas, carpenter James Rawlings, midshipman and coxswain William Ivey, midshipman Benjamin Allen, midshipman Charles Love, midshipman John Sharp, midshipman John Smith, quartermaster William Hensey, quartermaster William Wheeland, quartermaster Joseph Bowman, quartermaster Frederick Lewbergh, quartermaster Joshua Fennen, quartermaster Hugh Warren, ship's steward John Simmons, captain's steward John Hubert, ship's cook James May, captain's cook John Angus, cooper John Foster, caulker John Atkinson, gunner's mate Robert Grimmet, carpenter's first mate Thomas Dunn, carpenter's second mate William Cripps, caulker's mate Jacob Wolfgang, sailmaker John Ayre, armourer John Brown, cooper's mate Robert Moir, seaman Morgan Perry, seaman James Murdock, seaman Robert Richardby, seaman John Williamson, seaman John Wick, seaman George Morrison, seaman Thomas Hawkins, seaman John Knight, seaman George Jay, seaman Andrew Anderson, seaman Matthew Henderson, seaman Peter Bell, seaman John Dickenson, seaman Peter Dashell, seaman George Bond, seaman Thomas Cannavan, seaman Benjamin Miller, seaman John Mitchell, seaman Benjamin Ganney, seaman Thomas Birkett, seaman John Hinds, seaman William Caulkett, seaman James Wells, seaman Francis Apthorp, seaman Stephen Williams, seaman James Graham, seaman Samuel Blood, seaman Alexander Watson, seaman John Donaldson, seaman Charles Adams, seaman John Herring, seaman | |
256 | 10th. June Jonas Calling Seaman Thos. Nixon John Trap Christopher Gardener Geo. Nixon Alexr. Macklauton John Chapman John Pots Robert Spence Henry Saunders Edwd. Young Philip Warren Wm. Carter Wm. Frazier Seaman John Blackburn Amos Jackson Edward Burgh John Simpson John Kendall John Ross John Porter Capts. Servant Thos. Johnson Do. David Hepburn Chief Mates Do. Thos. Brinkly 2d. do. do. Patrick Brooks Surgeons Do. John Douglass Boatsns. Do. Fitzgerald Hill Gunners Do. Wm. Bland Carpentrs. Servant Geo. Mitchell Seaman Geo. Greenly Robt. Wm. Black Thos. Marlow Thos. Lambert Matthew Garrett John Legg James Wilson George Strong John Bell John Clarke Matthew Field Charter party Passengers Major Bigg Lt. Wildair Ensign Ballas John Grant Hutchens Hardy Willm. King John Pask John Collet Patrick Elliott James Tinett Alexr. Apthorp Thomas Gilbert Peter Sidington John Coley John Sinnett Thomas Parker John Jervis Peter White (signed) John Sealy Muster Roll of Ship Worcester Richd. Hall Commander John Cock Chief Mate Wm. Bridworth 2d. do. Henry Downes 3d. do. John Wear 4th. do. Thos. Wrexgan 5th. do. Robert Bird Surgeon Peter Wynne Purser Robert Nevins Gunner Wm. Hare Carpenter Wm. Smith Boatswain Thos. Baughton Midshipn. John Townsend do. Nicholas Morgan do. Edwd. Cuthurden Midn. James Hitchman Surg. Mate David Stagg 2d. Master John Glazey do. John Bell do. Christ. Davis do. Jno. Irwin Gunrs. Mate | The Northington's muster roll continued. Jonas Calling, seaman Thomas Nixon, seaman John Tharp, seaman Christopher Gardener, seaman George Nixon, seaman Alexander Macklaurin, seaman John Chapman, seaman John Pitts, seaman Robert Spence, seaman Henry Saunders, seaman Edward Young, seaman Philip Warren, seaman William Carter, seaman William Frazier, seaman John Blackburn, seaman Amos Jackson, seaman Edward Burgh, seaman John Simpson, seaman John Kendall, seaman John Ross, seaman John Porter, captain's servant Thomas Johnson, captain's servant David Hepburn, chief mate's servant Thomas Brinkly, second mate's servant Patrick Brooks, surgeon's servant John Douglas, boatswain's servant Fitzgerald Hill, gunner's servant William Bland, carpenter's servant George Mitchell, seaman George Greenly, seaman Robert W. Blucks, seaman Henry Mackrane, seaman Thomas Lambert, seaman Matthew Garrett, seaman John Legg, seaman James Wilson, seaman George Strong, seaman John Bell, seaman John Clarke, seaman Matthew Field, seaman Major Begg, charter-party passenger Dr Wildair, charter-party passenger Ensign Ballas, charter-party passenger John Grant, charter-party passenger Hutchens Hendy, charter-party passenger William King, charter-party passenger John Paisle, charter-party passenger John Collet, charter-party passenger Patrick Elliott, charter-party passenger James Pinnett, charter-party passenger Alexander Apthorp, charter-party passenger Thomas Gilbert, charter-party passenger Peter Sidington, charter-party passenger John Coley, charter-party passenger John Emmett, charter-party passenger Thomas Parker, charter-party passenger John Jevons, charter-party passenger Peter White, charter-party passenger Captain John Sealy signed the roll. The muster roll of the Worcester began as follows. Richard Hall, commander John Cook, chief mate William Budworth, second mate Henry Dennis, third mate John Moor, fourth mate Thomas Morgan, fifth mate Robert Bird, surgeon Peter Wynne, purser Robert Nevins, gunner William Hare, carpenter William Smith, boatswain Thomas Broughton, midshipman John Townsend, midshipman Nicholas Morgan, midshipman Edward Cuthbertson, midshipman James Hitchman, surgeon's mate David Stagg, quartermaster John Glover, quartermaster John Bell, quartermaster Christopher Davis, quartermaster John Bowen, gunner's first mate Interpretations The Northington carried 18 charter-party passengers home from Bombay, among them a major, a surgeon and an ensign. Officers of the Company's Indian armies going home on leave or retirement were carried at the Company's charge under the ship's charter. This was cheaper for the Company than paying a commander's private passage money, which a field officer's cabin could raise to several hundred pounds. | |
257 | 1771 Benj. Lash Gunrs. 2d. Mate Henry Bedwards Boats. do. Thomas Hunt do. Wm. Young Carpentr. 1st. Mate James Howell 2 do. Heath Haggis Caulker Mich. Hoggs Sailmaker John Tibbet Capts. Steward Wm. Barlow Ships do. Wm. Hales Capts. Cook John Scott Ships do. Thos. Wing Coopers Mate Thos. Hustleby Caulkers Do. Edwd. Fenton Butcher Saml. Bradshaw Capts. Servt. John Parish do. Edwd. Evans Chief Mates Servt. W. Alderman 2d. do. do. Jedo Surgeons Do. Thos. Stevens Gunners Do. John Hunt Carpentrs. Do. Wm. Nicholson Boatsns. do. Fras. Roberts Seaman Mich. Norton Thos. Moore Thos. Clarke James Law Seaman Alexr. Gordon Geo. Pearson Balsam Jacobson Geo. Brown Jos. Ryman John Watson Wm. Ferguson Wm. Jones David Henderson John Griffiths Hans Popplow Wm. Mantell Wm. Edwards Wm. Frost Wm. Ambrough John Kirby John Brown Henry Brimwell John Corn Henry Barlow Herman Johnson John Bowman Thos. Carter Christ. Sorgburgh Fras. Dalrymple John Bassick John Pringle Seaman John Wortley Jacob Brooks John Pearson Wm. Cook Wm. Grosvenor Henry Johnson Danl. O'Kelly Wm. Poulet Wm. Carter John Boyle John Smith John Jelly Geo. Brown Miles Graham John Brown Hans Johnson Albert Johnson Henry Moore John Lindsay Cuthbert Sotheran George Hollywood Saml. Jones Fras. Bow Henry Ismael Jeslie Lawrence Passengers Mr. Peach Col. Lesly Mr. Taylor Mr. Wilkins (signed) Rd. Hall | The Worcester's muster roll concluded. Benjamin Lock, gunner's second mate Henry Windsor, boatswain's mate Thomas Hunt, boatswain's second mate William Young, carpenter's first mate James Howell, carpenter's second mate Heath Haggis, caulker Matthew Haggis, sailmaker John Willet, captain's steward William Barlow, ship's steward William Sales, captain's cook John Scott, ship's cook Thomas Wing, cooper's mate Thomas Wastaby, caulker's mate Edward Fenton, butcher Samuel Bradshaw, captain's servant John Parish, captain's servant Edward Evans, chief mate's servant W. Alderman, second mate's servant Isaac Surgeons, surgeon's servant Thomas Stevens, gunner's servant John Hern, carpenter's servant William Nicholson, boatswain's servant Francis Roberts, seaman Matthew Norton, seaman Thomas Moon, seaman Thomas Clarke, seaman James Law, seaman Alexander Gordon, seaman George Pearson, seaman Balsam Jacobson, seaman Lee Brown, seaman James Rhymon, seaman John Watson, seaman William Fergus, seaman William Jones, seaman David Henderson, seaman John Griffiths, seaman Manuel Defelon, seaman William Mantell, seaman William Edwards, seaman William Sparrow, seaman William Scarborough, seaman John Rowley, seaman John Brown, seaman Henry Barnwell, seaman John Corn, seaman Henry Barlow, seaman Herman Johnson, seaman John Bowman, seaman Thomas Carter, seaman Christian Jorgbergh, seaman Francis Dalrymple, seaman John Barwick, seaman John Rough, seaman John Wortley, seaman Jacob Brooks, seaman John Barrison, seaman William Cook, seaman William Townsend, seaman Henry Johnson, seaman Daniel Seal, seaman William Poulet, seaman William Carter, seaman John Boyle, seaman John Smith, seaman John Jolly, seaman George Brown, seaman Miles Graham, seaman John Brown, seaman Hans Johnson, seaman Albert Johnson, seaman Henry Moor, seaman John Lindsey, seaman Cuthbert Ludhouse, seaman George Hollywood, seaman Samuel Jones, seaman Francis Rowe, seaman Henry Smart, seaman Lewis Lawrence, seaman Mrs Peach, passenger Colonel Lesley, passenger Mr Taylor, passenger Mr Wilkins, passenger Captain Richard Hall signed the roll. | |
258 | 10th. June We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors vizt. One Set to Mrs. Elizabeth Dent for £109 payable to Mr. William Douglass (or Order) And One Set to Mr. Matthew Bazett for £400 payable to John Blake Esqr. (or Order) both drawn at ninety days sight. William Jones Corporal Petitioned Us to be discharged from the Garrison although he has not served his Contracted time, setting forth that he left England without the consent of his Friends who had wrote to him to return home which Letter he produced, and was likewise corroborated by a Letter the Lieutenant Governor received from the Commanding Officer of Artillery in Ireland, specifying that his Friends are in good Circumstances and desirous of doing something better for him. We in consideration of these Circumstances, and his good behaviour since in this Garrison, thought it reasonable to Grant his discharge, and have given Captain Skottowe a permission to receive him on board. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | The Council issued two sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors that day, both payable at 90 days' sight. The first, for £109 0s 0d, went to Mrs Elizabeth Dent and was payable to William Douglas or his order. The second, for £400 0s 0d, went to Matthew Bazett and was payable to John Blake or his order. William Jones, a corporal, petitioned the Council for his discharge from the garrison, although his contracted term had not yet run out. He explained that he had left England without his family's consent, and that they had since written asking him to come home. He produced their letter. His story was also confirmed by a letter the Lieutenant Governor had received from the commanding officer of artillery in Ireland, stating that Jones's family were well off and wished to do something better for him. In view of these circumstances and his good conduct in the garrison, the Council judged it reasonable to grant his discharge. It gave Captain Skottowe permission to take him aboard the Bridgewater. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations A soldier who had not served his full term was normally held to his contract, as the Council had done with every deserter and stowaway that season. It released Jones early for reasons it set down. His family's letter was backed by an independent officer in Ireland, so the claim could be trusted. His good conduct meant the garrison lost a reliable man, but not a troublemaker who might use the same story to escape. A family of means could also take him off the Company's hands for good. Sending him home in the Governor's kinsman's ship cost the Company nothing, since a commander could carry an extra man at his own discretion. | |
259 | 17th. June At a Consultation held on Monday the 17th. day of June 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 10th. June 1771. Thursday the 13th. died Robert Bryan Matross Friday the 14th. Do. John Pitt Private Saturday the 15th. Sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Huntingdon and Bridgewater for England Last Night Arrived the Havannahs Boat at Banks's at 10 oClock This day Do. The Honble. Company's Ship Havannah from Bencoolen. Do. Died John Hill Private We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors vizt. One Set to John Skottowe Esqr. Governor for £168.5 payable to Captn. Nicholas Skottowe (or Order) And One Set to Mr. Jonathan Drexton for £6.12 payable to Mr. George Fotheden (or Order) both drawn at ninety days sight Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of May last which is as follows vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 17 June 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 10 June 1771. Robert Bryan, a matross, died on Thursday 13 June 1771, and John Pitt, a private, on Friday 14 June. The Company's ships Huntingdon and Bridgewater sailed for England on Saturday 15 June. A boat from the Harcourt landed at Banks's at ten o'clock on the night of 16 June. The Company's ship Harcourt arrived from Bencoolen on 17 June. John Hill, a private, died the same day. The Council issued two sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors that day, both payable at 90 days' sight. The first, for £165 5s 0d, went to the Governor and was payable to Captain Nicholas Skottowe or his order. The second, for £6 12s 0d, went to Jonathan Doveton and was payable to George Ashburner or his order. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for May 1771. Interpretations John Hill, who died on 17 June 1771, was perhaps the corporal of the Castle guard broken to private after the store robbery of 12 March. The Governor's second bill to his kinsman Captain Nicholas Skottowe, drawn after the Bridgewater had already sailed, would travel by a later ship. Captain Skottowe would collect both bills in London when he arrived. | |
260 | 17th. June Cash Dr. £ 1771 May 1st. To Balance Remaining 6779 1 5½ To Ship Lord Camden 24 13 10 To Ship Kent 13 1 11 To Ship Admiral Pocock 27 1 7 To Ship Houghton 17 7 9 To Ship Latham 39 7 5 To Ship Princess Royal 10 6 To Ship Hawke 5 18 2 To Ship Valentine 26 2 To Ship Duke of Kingston 19 19 3 To Ship Royal Captain 9 14 7 To Ship Duke of Glocester 8 3 6 3d. To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable to Captn. John Lauder (or Order) 130 4 To Ship Europa 8 9 27 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to John Caillaud Esqr. 206 30th. To Ship Resolution 11 15 10 31 To Exchange for two Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable as follows vizt. One Set to Mr. Richd. Bedman for £408.6.8 One Set to Capt. Thos. Poynting for 260 668 6 8 £ 7991 8 8½ | The money received by the Company's treasury in May 1771 was recorded as follows. Balance remaining on 1 May 1771, £6,779 1s 5½d Received from the Lord Camden, £24 13s 10d. Received from the Kent, £13 1s 11d. Received from the Admiral Pocock, £27 1s 7d. Received from the Houghton, £17 7s 9d. Received from the Latham, £39 7s 5d. Received from the Princess Royal, £10 6s 0d. Received from the Hawke, £5 18s 2d. Received from the Valentine, £26 2s 0d. Received from the Duke of Kingston, £19 19s 3d. Received from the Royal Captain, £9 14s 7d. Received from the Duke of Gloucester, £8 3s 6d. Exchange received on 3 May for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain John Lauder or his order, £130 0s 0d Received on 4 May from the Europa, £0 8s 9d. Exchange received on 27 May for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to John Cailland, £200 0s 0d Received on 30 May from the Resolution, £11 15s 10d. Exchange received on 31 May for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Richard Bodman, £408 6s 8d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Thomas Poynting, £260 0s 0d Total for exchange on 31 May, £668 6s 8d Total, £7,991 8s 8½d Interpretations The twelve homeward Indiamen settled their accounts with the island in May, after they had sailed, and together paid just over £200 0s 0d for cattle, water and stores. The officers' bills brought in almost five times as much. In the busiest month of the shipping season, the treasury rose by more than £1,200 0s 0d. Most of the gain came from men turning their island earnings into claims on London, not from the island's trade with the ships. | |
261 | 1771 Per Contra Cr. 1771 May 31 By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 7451 13 8½ In Cash Notes 539 15 7991 8 8½ £ 7991 8 8½ | None of the money received in May 1771 was paid out again, and the whole sum stood as the balance at the end of the month. Balance remaining in coin on 31 May 1771, £7,451 13s 8½d Balance remaining in cash notes on 31 May 1771, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £7,991 8s 8½d Total, £7,991 8s 8½d | |
262 | 17th. June The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ships Northington and Worcester vizt. Account of Stores short received from the following Ships vizt. Ship Northington 3.3.4 Rice short weight occasioned by Wastage the Packages being in good order 46.1.21 Paddy Received Ship Worcester C. qr. lb. 6 2 23 Rice 1 Paddy 2 1 27 Sugar 12 Candles Short weight occasioned by drying &c. the Packages being in good order Arrack vizt. No. 1 1 Leagr. Gages Galls. 145 wants to fill Galls. 6 No. 2 1 do. 143 do. do. 9 288 15 15 Recd. 273 Gallons St. Helena (signed) 17 June 1771 Jas. Powell Storekeeper John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | The storekeeper presented an account of the stores that had arrived short from the Northington and the Worcester. The Northington delivered 3 cwt 3 qr 4 lb less rice than invoiced, through wastage in sound packages. The unhusked rice received weighed 46 cwt 1 qr 21 lb. The Worcester's shortfalls were as follows. Rice, 6 cwt 2 qr 23 lb, short in weight through drying and similar causes, the packages being sound Unhusked rice, 1 cwt 0 qr 0 lb, short in weight through drying and similar causes, the packages being sound Sugar, 2 cwt 1 qr 27 lb, short in weight through drying and similar causes, the packages being sound Candles, 0 cwt 0 qr 12 lb, short in weight through drying and similar causes, the packages being sound Arrack, leaguer number 1, gauged at 145 gallons, short of full by 6 gallons Arrack, leaguer number 2, gauged at 143 gallons, short of full by 9 gallons Total arrack gauged, 288 gallons Total arrack short, 15 gallons Arrack received, 273 gallons James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 17 June 1771. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. | |
263 | 22 June At a Consultation held on Saturday the 22 day of June 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 17th. June 1771. Tuesday the 18th. Sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Worcester & Northington for England The Lieutenant Governor reports to the Board that on Thursday the 20th. instant in the Evening Captn. Tyssel having applied to him that Andrew Iedrick Matross in his Company having been in the Country at Mr. Jonathan Drexton's House after one of his Black Girls named Mary contrary to Orders, and that the said Girl had told her Master that the said Iedrick had several times given her Money to the amount of five Venetians and nine Rupees. Mr. Cornelle on report of the same, ordered Captn. Tyssel immediately to search the said Iedrick, and which his Chest up to his House. Captn. Tyssel in consequence of the said search found on said Iedrick three Venetians, two Dollars, two Rupees, and one half pence in a Purse, and desired that he would deliver the Key of his Chest, but he refusing saying he had given the same to a Black Man in the Lines. Mr. Cornelle desired Mr. Purlings attendance at his House and in his presence and Captn. Tyssels had his Chest broke open, but on search of the same found nothing but necessarys. Captn. Tyssel further informed Messrs. Purling and Cornelle the same Evening that the said Iedrick was very bare of necessarys until lately, and on further enquiry found that he had laid out a great deal of Money lately, & was having very well stocked with Linnen &c. The above circumstance [...] in Mr. Cornelle a suspicion of this Man, and as no discovery has hitherto been made respecting the Robbery of the Stores submits a further enquiry of the same to the Board. | The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 22 June 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 17 June 1771. The Company's ships Worcester and Northington sailed for England on Tuesday 18 June 1771. The Lieutenant Governor reported a matter to the Council. On the evening of Thursday 20 June, Captain Tippet had come to him about Andrew Pidcock, a matross in his company. Against orders, Pidcock had gone into the country to Jonathan Doveton's house after one of Doveton's slave girls, named Mary. The girl had told her master that Pidcock had given her money several times, five Venetians and nine rupees in all. Corneille ordered Tippet to search Pidcock and to keep watch on his chest until it could be brought to Corneille's house. In the search Tippet found three Venetians, two dollars, two rupees and some halfpence in a purse on Pidcock. Asked for the key of his chest, Pidcock refused, saying he had given it to a black man the day before. Corneille called Purling to his house and had the chest broken open in his presence, but it held nothing beyond Pidcock's ordinary belongings. Tippet told the two men the same evening that until lately Pidcock had owned very little. On further inquiry, Tippet found that he had recently spent a good deal of money and was now well supplied with linen and other clothing. These circumstances strengthened Corneille's suspicion of the man. No one had yet been found responsible for the robbery of the stores, so he laid the matter before the Council for further inquiry. Interpretations Venetians were gold sequins minted in Venice, a coin that circulated widely in India and the Levant and reached St Helena through the Company's ships. A matross earning £18 0s 0d a year had no ordinary way to come by gold coins, let alone give them away to a slave girl. The robbery of 12 March 1771 had taken coin of several kinds, as Corneille had noted at the time, and foreign gold was exactly what a thief would find hard to spend openly. Pidcock's sudden spending on linen fitted the same pattern. He had also been reduced from gunner to matross in the first quarter of 1771, the same months as the robbery. The lead came through the evidence of a slave. Mary told her master about the money, Doveton told Tippet, and the inquiry followed. As with Sukey the washerwoman in March, the Council's search for the thieves depended on what slaves saw and were willing to say. | |
264 | 22d. June In consequence of the above Report and further information of the said Iedricks having laid out Money at several times at the Shops and Publick Houses, and being also known by his Comrades to be flush of Money we met this day in Order to proceed to a further Examination of the same. Mary a Black Woman belonging to Mr. Jonathan Drexton being brought before Us and examined with respect to what Money Andrew Iedrick had given her at times, declares that she saw the said Iedrick have Money several times of late in Dollars and Venetians to the amount of three or four pounds, and that on Tuesday last he gave her Money which were three Venetians, six Dollars, two Rupees two shillings, and some half pence that she returned to the said Iedrick all the aforesaid Money the same day that at sundry times before she had of him Iedrick four Venetians, and some small Money which she had spent, she further says that since she had kept him Company he used to buy her necessarys, but of late has given her Money at different times but cannot ascertain the several species, or the Sum. The said Mary being asked whether she ever had any talk with him about the Robbery of the Stores, says she has several times mentioned it to him but that he replied that it should be the last thing he ever did, her reasons for asking him about the Stores were that she had so often seen him with Money made her suspect something of it, and further says she had seen him with a Silver Watch he told her he had bought which Watch he had sold a few days ago, that he had likewise bought two Pair of Silver Buckles one of which Pair he had likewise sold, she further says that he observed to her from his having been seen with Money that some People suspected he had Robbed the Stores, but he said he had bought a Box of Tea, in three or four pieces of Dimity with two pieces Chintz and a Gold Ring which things he had again sold except one piece of Dimity and the two pieces Chintz, which he had given her. The said Mary declares that she never has seen the said Iedrick since the Stores were broke open without having Money in his Purse, but before that Robbery she knew him to be entirely without. | In view of Corneille's report, and of further information that Pidcock had spent money several times in the shops and public houses and was known to his comrades to be flush with money, the Council met that day to examine the matter further. Mary, a slave woman belonging to Jonathan Doveton, was brought before the Council and questioned about the money Andrew Pidcock had given her. She said she had seen him with money several times lately, in dollars and Venetians, to the value of three or four pounds. On the previous Tuesday he had given her three Venetians, six dollars, two rupees, two shillings and some halfpence. She returned all of this to him the same day. On other occasions before that he had given her four Venetians and some small money, which she had spent. Since she had been keeping company with him, he had bought her necessities, but lately he had given her money at various times. She could not say in what coins or how much. Asked whether she had ever talked with him about the robbery of the stores, Mary said she had raised it with him several times. He had replied that it would be the last thing he would ever do. She had asked him about the stores because seeing him so often with money made her suspect something was wrong. She had also seen him with a silver watch, which he told her he had bought and which he had sold a few days before. He had likewise bought two pairs of silver buckles and had sold one pair. Because he was so often seen with money, he told her, some people suspected him of robbing the stores. He said he had bought a chest of tea, three or four pieces of dimity, two pieces of chintz and a gold ring. He had sold all of these again except one piece of dimity and the two pieces of chintz, which he had given to her. Mary declared that since the stores were broken open she had never seen Pidcock without money in his purse. Before the robbery she had known him to have none at all. Interpretations Mary's evidence turned suspicion into a pattern. Before the robbery Pidcock had nothing. After it he carried gold and silver coin, bought a watch, silver buckles, a chest of tea, a gold ring and fine cloth, and sold most of them again within days. Buying goods and quickly reselling them was a common way of passing stolen coin. Foreign gold spent once in a shop could be traced back, but coin received from selling a watch could not. Dimity was a fine ribbed cotton and chintz a printed calico from India, both luxury cloth far beyond a matross's means. The Council heard Mary directly, and recorded her account in full. In many colonies a slave could not testify against a free man. On St Helena the Council took her evidence as the basis of its inquiry, as it had taken Sukey's in March. She had returned his money the same day he gave it, which she may have offered as proof that she was not a party to the theft. | |
265 | 1771 a question Mr. Purling being desirous of asking the Black Woman separate from Iedrick, the said Iedrick was Ordered to withdraw and given in charge of the Marshal, after a little time the Marshal returned and acquainted the Board that Iedrick had something to impart to them alone, he was accordingly called in, and then confessed to Us that he was the Person that had Robbed the Honble. Company's Stores, and that Stephen Swanson Matross was Accessary in receiving half of the Money which they had secreted under the West Rocks, upon which confession we immediately sent Lieut. Stewart and Lieut. Adjutt. Roberts and the Marshal to go with the said Iedrick in Order to ascertain the said Robbery, and soon after returning produced two parcels of Money which they found in two different places at Red Cap which Iedrick said was his share contained as follows vizt. 8 Whole and 2 half Gold Rupees £ 10 19 Venetians 9 10 155 Pagodas 62 85 Found in the said Iedricks Pockets vizt. 3 Venetians £ 1 10 2 Dollars 10 2 Rupees 4 6 8 half pence 4 2 4 10 87 4 10 The other Bag which he Iedrick said belonged to Stephen Swanson contained as follows vizt. 8 Gold Rupees £ 12 24 Venetians 12 79 Pagodas 31 12 80 12 £ 167 16 10 In consequence of the above discovery we determined to bring the aforesaid Iedrick and Swanson to their Tryals at the next Quarterly Sessions. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | Purling wished to question Mary apart from Pidcock, so Pidcock was told to withdraw and placed in the marshal's custody. A little later the marshal returned and told the Council that Pidcock had something he wished to tell its members privately. He was called back in. He confessed that he was the man who had robbed the Company's stores. Stephen Smithson, a matross, had been his accomplice and had taken half the money, which the two had hidden near the West Rocks. On hearing this, the Council at once sent Lieutenant Steward, the town adjutant William Roberts and the marshal with Pidcock to recover it. They soon returned with two parcels of money, found in two separate hiding places. Pidcock said the first was his share. Pidcock's share Gold rupees, 8 whole and 2 half, £13 10s 0d Venetians, 19, £9 10s 0d Pagodas, 155, £62 0s 0d Total for Pidcock's hidden share, £85 0s 0d Found in Pidcock's pockets Venetians, 3, £1 10s 0d Dollars, 2, £0 10s 0d Rupees, 2, £0 4s 6d Halfpence, 8, £0 0s 4d Total found in his pockets, £2 4s 10d Total recovered from Pidcock, £87 4s 10d Smithson's share, as Pidcock described it Gold rupees, 8, £12 0s 0d Venetians, 74, £37 0s 0d Pagodas, 79, £31 12s 0d Total for Smithson's share, £80 12s 0d Total recovered, £167 16s 10d In view of this discovery, the Council resolved to bring Pidcock and Smithson to trial at the next quarterly sessions. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Pidcock broke at the moment he was separated from Mary and left alone with the marshal. He knew that her evidence of the gold he had given her, and his spending since the robbery, would hang him. A confession offered the hope of the mercy the Council had dangled before the guard in March. The money recovered came to less than half of the £355 12s 11d taken. The rest had probably been spent on the watch, buckles, tea and cloth, or remained with Smithson. The coins show what the Company held in its stores. Pagodas from Madras, gold mohurs counted as gold rupees from Bengal, and Venetian sequins from the Levant trade made up almost the whole haul. These were the coins in which the ships settled their accounts and officers bought their bills. On St Helena they were valued in sterling at fixed rates: a pagoda at 8s, a Venetian at 10s, a gold rupee at 30s. The Council sent the case to the civil court of quarterly sessions, not to a court martial, though both men were soldiers. Theft of the Company's money from its stores was a felony under English law, and a jury trial gave the verdict a weight a military court could not. The Council had shown in April that it would try coiners by court martial where the civil law was doubtful. Here the law was clear and the evidence strong. | |
266 | 24 June At a Consultation held on Monday the 24th. day of June 1771 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 22 June 1771. We this day Inlisted John Griffis who was left here out of the Ship Worcester to serve the Honble. Company as a Soldier for five Years. he appearing to be a good Man We gave him five pounds Bounty Money to buy him necessarys &c. Patrick Elliott a Sick Man left here out of the Ship Northington dying on the 22 instant, We ordered his Effects to be Sold, and after paying his Funeral and other Expences received the Balance amounting to eighteen pounds, seven shillings and seven pence into the Company's Cash, and ordered it to be wrote off to Account Current London, the Account Sales &c. being Examined by the Board is as follows vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 24 June 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 22 June 1771. The Council enlisted John Griffis that day to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. He had been left on the island by the Worcester. He appeared to be a good man, so the Council gave him a bounty of £5 0s 0d to buy what he needed. Patrick Elliott, a sick man left on the island by the Northington, had died on 22 June 1771. The Council had ordered his belongings sold. After his funeral and other expenses were paid, it received the balance of £18 7s 7d into the Company's treasury and ordered it charged to the current account with London. The Council examined the account of the sale, which followed in the record. Interpretations Patrick Elliott had sailed as a charter-party passenger in the Northington, among the soldiers going home from Bombay. Too ill to continue, he was landed at the island and died within a fortnight. Charging the balance of his estate to the London account sent the money home with the books, where his heirs in Britain could claim it from the Company. That was simpler than holding it on the island for relatives who would never come there. | |
267 | The Effects of Patrick Elliott Deceased to the undermentioned Persons £ John Price 4 3 6 George Bird 3 2 6 To the Men for carrying him to the Grave &c. 15 Arundel Carnes 15 William Dowsing 1 1 Nicholas Godfrey 5 6 John Young 5 Robert Nichols 5 James Pafsett 3 Matthew Charlton 1 3 10 16 9 To Balance paid into the Honble. Company's Cash 18 7 7 £ 29 4 4 St. Helena 24th. June 1771 Errors Excepted (signed) John Price Account of the Effects of the late Patrick Elliott Deceased Sold by Auction. Quality of Effects, To whom sold, £ s d 12 Books Rd. Leech 7 6 2 Coats & 1 Waistcoat Do. 8 4 White Shirts Morris 9 3 do. Wm. Dowsing 5 6 3 Waistcoats Wm. Blaven 4 3 do. Mr. Price 3 6 3 Do. Clar. Bedman 5 5 Pr. Breeches Wm. Dowsing 10 6 6 Pr. Old Stockings Do. 4 3 Do. Shoes Rt. Nichols 6 6 4 Do. Draws Wm. Dowsing 5 1 Silver Stock Buckle John Young 5 2 Check Shirts Wm. Dowsing 3 10 2 Hats & 1 Bed Gown Mr. Robins 9 6 1 Chest Jos. Whaley 3 6 By Cash in the hands of Mr. Price 24 14 £ 29 4 4 Margin Notes: 1771 24th. | John Price, the marshal, presented an account of the estate of the late Patrick Elliott, whose belongings had been sold at auction. The goods sold were as follows. Books, 12, sold to Robert Leech, £0 7s 6d Coats, 2, and waistcoat, 1, sold to Robert Leech, £0 8s 0d White shirts, 4, sold to Morris, £0 7s 0d White shirts, 3, sold to William Dowsing, £0 5s 6d Waistcoats, 3, sold to William Blevin, £0 4s 0d Waistcoats, 3, sold to Mr Price, £0 3s 6d Waistcoats, 3, sold to Clayton Bodman, £0 5s 0d Breeches, 5 pairs, sold to William Dowsing, £0 10s 6d Old stockings, 6 pairs, sold to William Dowsing, £0 4s 0d Shoes, 3 pairs, sold to Robert Nichols, £0 6s 6d Drawers, 4 pairs, sold to William Dowsing, £0 5s 0d Silver stock buckle, 1, sold to John Young, £0 5s 0d Checked shirts, 2, sold to William Dowsing, £0 3s 10d Hats, 2, and dressing gown, 1, sold to Mr Robins, £0 9s 6d Chest, 1, sold to Joseph Whaley, £0 3s 6d Cash in Mr Price's hands, £24 14s 0d Total, £29 4s 4d The estate's debts to the following people were paid from the proceeds. John Price, £4 3s 6d George Bird, £3 2s 6d The men who carried him to his grave and other funeral costs, £0 15s 0d Arundel Carrow, £0 15s 0d William Dowsing, £1 1s 0d Nicholas Godfrey, £0 5s 6d John Terry, £0 5s 0d Robert Nichols, £0 5s 0d James Parfett, £0 3s 0d Matthew Charlton, £0 1s 3d Total paid out, £10 16s 9d Balance paid into the Company's treasury, £18 7s 7d Total, £29 4s 4d John Price signed the account at St Helena on 24 June 1771, reserving the right to correct any errors. Interpretations Elliott's estate was settled the way the Council had settled James Hogg's in November 1770. His goods were sold among his comrades, his debts on the island were paid, and the balance went into the treasury to be held for his heirs. Most of his creditors were fellow soldiers and the publicans John Price and George Bird, which suggests small loans and tavern debts run up against future pay. The buyers were mostly soldiers too. William Dowsing, who bought much of the clothing, was also owed money by the estate, so his purchases were probably set off against the debt. Twelve books were unusual among a soldier's belongings, and they went to Robert Leech, the Company's steward. | |
268 | 24 June We having received the following Letter from the President and Council of Fort Marlborough, we suppose [...] of Nojeedah Pocolums Petition to the Court of Directors [...] same in Order to receive the Company's directions thereupon [...] To John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena Sir & Sirs We received your favours by the British King and Harcourt under date of the 22 May last with the Packets for the other Presidencies and other Papers you mentioned to have sent inclosed [...] were forwarded by the first opportunity agreeable to your request. Having no reason to apprehend any Inconveniences [...] to the Honble. Companys Affairs here by Nojeedahs Pocolums [...] as he may like to come back to his Family and Country [...] you will please to acquaint him he has our permission to return [...] you will permit him to take passage on the Store Ship of this [...] other [...] conveyance he may think proper. One of the Honble. Company's Coffree Slaves named Jack having been troublesome at this Place, we as an Example to the others here, have thought proper to send him on board the Harcourt & Captain Paul has received our directions to deliver him to you on his Arrival at your place, and we doubt not but you will find him Usefull. We remain Sir & Sirs Fort Marlbro Your most humble Servants 3 March 1771 (signed) Archd. Hyatt Jn. Hasnett Robt. Hay Robt. Howard John Herbert John Walton | The Council had received a letter from the President and Council of Fort Marlborough, which it took to relate to the petition of Nakhoda Pocalun to the Court of Directors. [...] in order to obtain the Company's instructions on it. The letter, addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council of St Helena, was dated at Fort Marlborough on 5 March 1771. The Fort Marlborough Council had received the island's letters of 22 May 1770 by the British King and the Harcourt, with the packets for the other presidencies and the other papers mentioned. [...] These had been sent on at the first opportunity, as requested. Fort Marlborough saw no reason to fear that the return of Nakhoda Pocalun would cause any trouble to the Company's affairs there [...], should he wish to come back to his family and his country. The St Helena Council was asked to tell him that he had Fort Marlborough's permission to return. [...] It was to allow him to take passage in the presidency's store ship or any other vessel he thought suitable. One of the Company's African slaves at Fort Marlborough, named Jack, had been troublesome there. As an example to the others, the Fort Marlborough Council had sent him aboard the Harcourt. Captain Paul had orders to deliver him to the St Helena Council on arrival, and Fort Marlborough was confident he would prove useful. Richard Wyatt, J. [...], Robert Hay, Robert [...], John Herbert and John Walton signed the letter. Interpretations The letter showed that the man the island's accounts called Nuquada was a nakhoda, a Malay ship's master, named Pocalun. He had been sent from Fort Marlborough in Sumatra and was kept on St Helena at the Company's charge, with an allowance for salt meat and house rent. This explains why the Malays' stores account held tea, candles, Florence oil and china. He was a man of some rank, held in exile, not a labouring slave. He had evidently petitioned the Directors to be allowed home, and Fort Marlborough now raised no objection. The Council still sought the Company's instructions before releasing him, since he had been placed on the island under the Directors' authority. Jack's case shows exile used the other way, as a punishment. A slave who caused trouble at Bencoolen was shipped across two oceans to St Helena, cut off from everyone he knew, as a warning to the others he left behind. For the island, he was simply another pair of hands for the Company's works. | |
269 | 1771 As there has been a great deal of Arrack landed under the denomination of presents, and as we are apprehensive that some precautions ought to be taken in Order to prevent the abuse of the introduction of spirituous Liquors into this Island under the above denomination, we are determined that henceforward all Arrack above two Gallons landed by a permit under the above denomination by the Commanders and others, that the person for whom such quantity of Arrack may be intended, take an Oath before the Governor or Lieutent. Governor that they receive such quantity of Arrack as a present agreeable to the following Oath. I A B do hereby swear that I have not, nor do intend to pay either in Money or kind for Gallons of Arrack made me a present of by So help me God: which will entitle them to the same, on paying the Company's duty of three pence ꝑ Gallon. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | A great deal of arrack had been landed on the island described as presents. The Council feared that this was being used to bring in spirits improperly, and decided to take precautions. From then on, whenever commanders or others landed more than two gallons of arrack by permit as a present, the person receiving it would have to take an oath before the Governor or the Lieutenant Governor. The recipient would swear that he had not paid, and did not intend to pay, in money or in kind for the stated number of gallons given to him by the named donor. Once he had sworn and paid the Company's duty of 3d a gallon, he could take the arrack. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Commanders and officers of the homeward ships carried arrack as private trade. Selling it on the island openly meant going through the Society, the gauger and the collector of customs. Calling it a present to a friend ashore let a captain hand over casks that were in fact sold privately, outside the Society's monopoly and the Council's control of drink. The Council could have banned presents of arrack altogether. Instead it allowed them, but made the recipient swear that no payment lay behind the gift. A false oath was perjury, a serious crime, and the oath before the Governor or his deputy put a man's name and conscience behind every cask. The duty of 3d a gallon still applied, so even a genuine gift paid the same as a purchase. The two-gallon threshold let small personal gifts pass without the formality. | |
270 | 1st. July At a Consultation held on Monday the 1st. day of July 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed, dated the 24th. June 1771 Saturday the 29th. June Arrived the Egmonts Boat at Banks's at five o'Clock in the Evening Do. Do. The Honble. Company's Ship Egmont from Madrass Do. Do. Died Margaret Daughter of Mr. George Alexander Planter This day passed by a Ship at a great distance. The Egmont brought Us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship Egmont Batavia Arrack 2 Leagrs. of 284 Galls. at Pag. 55 ꝑ Leagr. 110 Rice 38 Bags ꝑ G. Wt. Mds. 39.1.16 is 4417 Tare at 3 lb. ꝑ bag being dbl. bags 112 Nt. 4295 is Garce 13½ at Pag. 72.14.10 ꝑ Garce 33.22.57 Paddy 37 Bags ꝑ G. Wt. Bags Wt. 31 1 is Tare at 2 lb. ea. being single Bags 1.27.72 Nt. 30.2.17½ Mds. is 200 at 10 ꝑ Pag. 20 Carried Over Pags. 163.22.57 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 1 July 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 24 June 1771. On Saturday 29 June a boat from the Egmont landed at Banks's at five in the evening, and the Company's ship Egmont arrived from Madras. Margaret, the daughter of George Alexander, a planter, died the same day. A ship passed the island at a great distance on 1 July. The Egmont brought supplies for the island, valued in Madras pagodas. Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers containing 284 gallons, at 55 pagodas a leaguer, 110 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Rice, 38 bags, net weight after tare 39 [...], measuring 183½ [...], at 72 pagodas 14 fanams 10 cash a garce, 33 pagodas 22 fanams 57 cash Unhusked rice, 37 bags, net weight after tare 30 [...] 2 [...] 17½, measuring 200 [...], at 10 pagodas a garce, 20 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Carried over, 163 pagodas 22 fanams 57 cash | |
271 | 1771 Brought over Pagodas 163.22.57 Charges Merchandize Gunny Bags 113 at 4½ ꝑ C. 5.3.5 Tin Plates Nails &c. 8 Twine 5 Viss at 12½ Pag. ꝑ Candy 4.40 Cooley hire on Gunny Bags &c. 10 Boat & Cooley hire 1.5 Tarpawlin Hire 8 Weighing Cooley 3.60 7.6.25 Pagodas 170.28.42 Errors Excepted ꝑ Geo. Stratton Accountant The President and Council of Fort St. George having wrote Us the following Letter by the Ship Egmont To John Skottowe Esqr. President and Governor &c. Council at St. Helena Gentlemen We have put on board the Ship Egmont the undermentioned Military or Charter Party Passengers to be landed at St. Helena in case you should think proper to detain them. John Anderson John Taylor James McGuire The two first having deserted the Companys Service and gone off to the Country Powers, returned of their own Accord and were pardoned on condition of their agreeing to serve the Company at any of their Settlements for the space of five Years from the 1st. Instant. But little service | The Egmont's invoice continued from 163 pagodas 22 fanams 57 cash brought over, with the charges on the merchandise. Brought over, 163 pagodas 22 fanams 57 cash Gunny bags, 113, at 4½ pagodas a hundred, 5 pagodas 3 fanams 5 cash Tin plates, nails and other items, 0 pagodas 8 fanams 0 cash Twine, 5 [...], at 12½ pagodas a candy, 0 pagodas 4 fanams 40 cash Coolie hire for the gunny bags and other items, 0 pagodas 10 fanams 0 cash Boat and coolie hire, 0 pagodas 1 fanam 5 cash Tarpaulin hire, 0 pagodas 8 fanams 0 cash Weighing coolies, 0 pagodas 3 fanams 60 cash Total for charges on the merchandise, 7 pagodas 6 fanams 25 cash Total, 170 pagodas 28 fanams 42 cash George Stratton signed the invoice as accountant, reserving the right to correct any errors. The President and Council of Fort St George sent a letter by the Egmont, addressed to the Governor and Council of St Helena. They had put aboard the Egmont three military or charter-party passengers to be landed at St Helena, should the Council think fit to keep them: John Anderson, John Taylor and James McGrue. The first two had deserted the Company's service and gone off to the country powers. They had later come back of their own accord and been pardoned, on condition that they agreed to serve the Company at any of its settlements for five years from 1 [...]. Interpretations The country powers were the Indian princes whose armies hired European soldiers at higher pay than the Company offered. Desertion to them was a constant drain on the Company's forces in India. Madras pardoned men who returned, on condition that they served five more years wherever the Company chose. Sending them to St Helena placed them on an island where there was no prince to run to and no frontier to cross. For the Council, it meant trained soldiers delivered free. | |
272 | 1771 service can [...] this Coast, now they have been accustomed [...] entry. [...] has been punished by the Sentence of a Court [...] desert, and attempting to seduce others to do the same [...] will expire the 5 Octr. 1775. [...] it expedient to leave it to You to [...] Men at St. Helena to serve out their contracted times respectively [...] no opportunity to desert, or to entice others to do so, they may [...] [...] if you should be of a contrary Opinion in that case they are to be [...] England, and the Commander will follow your Orders in this [...] We are Gentlemen Fort St. George Your most Obedient Hble. Servts. 25th. March 1771 (signed) Jos. Du Pre Warren Hastings Saml. Ardley John Smith Geo. Stratton Henry Brooke John Whitehill Geo. Mackay In consequence of the above Letter we have detained the aforesaid three Men to serve as Soldiers here the times specified in the said Letter, and as they lost in a Gale of Wind all their necessarys we have given them each three pounds to put them in repair. There being no Pepper in the Honble. Company's Stores we this day sent Captn. Paul the following Order vizt. | The Madras letter went on to explain that the two returned deserters' service could not be relied on [...] on the coast, now that they had grown used to [...] the country. [...] James McGrue had been punished by sentence of a court [...] for deserting and trying to persuade others to do the same, and his term would expire on 5 October 1775. [...] Fort St George therefore thought it best to leave it to the St Helena Council [...] to keep the men on the island to serve out their contracted terms, [...] where they would have no chance to desert or to lead others to do so. [...] If the St Helena Council took a different view, the men were to be sent on to England, and the commanders would follow its orders. The letter was dated at Fort St George on 25 March 1771 and signed by Josias Du Pré, Warren Hastings, Samuel Ardley, John Smith, George Stratton, Henry Brooke, John Whitehill and George Mackay. In view of this letter, the Council kept the three men on the island as soldiers for the terms stated. They had lost all their belongings in a gale at sea, so the Council gave each of them £3 0s 0d to replace them. The Company's stores had no pepper, so the Council sent Captain Paul of the Harcourt an order that followed in the record. Interpretations Warren Hastings, who signed the Madras letter as second in its council, was within a year to become Governor of Bengal and later the first Governor-General of India. His signature on a routine letter about three deserters shows how the Company's presidencies handled their unruly men. Each one passed its problems on to the most remote station it could find. Madras had no use for soldiers who had already gone over to Indian princes once. St Helena, with no frontier and no rival employer, could hold them safely. The Harcourt had come from Bencoolen, the Company's pepper settlement on Sumatra, so her hold was full of pepper bound for London. When the island's own supply ran out, the Council drew on the homeward cargo, as it had done with the coffee aboard the Duke of Cumberland in March. | |
273 | 1771 To Captain Nathaniel Paul Commander of Ship Harcourt Sir You are hereby Ordered to send on shore three hundred weight of the Honorable Company's White Pepper for the use of this Island. We are St. Helena Sir 1st. July 1771 Your humble Servants (signed) John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Matt. Purling We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors vizt. One Set to Lieutenant Thomas Bazett for twenty six pounds twelve Shillings payable to Captain Robert Carr (or Order) And one Set to Mr. William Wrangham for one thousand pounds, payable to Capt. John Coton (or Order) both drawn at ninety days sight. We this day received the following Letter from Captain Tyssel vizt. | The order to Captain Nathaniel Paul of the Harcourt, dated at St Helena on 1 July 1771, instructed him to land 3 cwt of the Company's white pepper for the island's use. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed it. The Council issued two sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors that day, both payable at 90 days' sight. The first, for £76 12s 0d, went to Lieutenant Thomas Bazett and was payable to Captain Robert Carr or his order. The second, for £1,000 0s 0d, went to William Wrangham and was payable to Captain John Cotton or his order. The Council received a letter from Captain Tippet the same day, which followed in the record. Interpretations White pepper was black pepper with its dark outer skin removed by soaking, giving a milder and more costly spice. Bencoolen produced both kinds for the London market. Wrangham's bill for £1,000 0s 0d was the largest single remittance of the year, many times his annual salary as paymaster. Paying it to Captain Cotton of the Hawke suggests a private trading partnership. The paymaster supplied the captain or bought goods from him in the road, and settled through a bill payable in London. The Company's treasury thus served as the bank through which its officers' private trade with the passing ships was cleared. | |
274 | 1 July To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council St. Helena Gentlemen I have the Honor to acquaint you that the Workmen was employed last Quarter chiefly at Thompsons Gully making a preparation for Purlings half Moon Battery, laying Platforms in the Demi Bastion in James's Valley, enlarging the Church Ground, and Glazing the new Barracks. I intend this Quarter with your permission compleating Thompsons Gully which is in great forwardness, Purlings half Moon Battery, the Demi Bastion in James's Valley walling up Old Womans Gully. I have the Honor to be St. Helena Gentlemen 1st. July 1771 Your most Obedient Servant (signed) James Tyssel We defer giving Captain Tyssel our Orders in pursuing the repair of the Merlons of Purlings Battery until we have examined the same, which we shall take the first Opportunity of doing. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | Captain Tippet's letter to Governor Skottowe and the Council reported that the workmen had spent the last quarter mainly at Thompson's Gully. They had also prepared materials for Purling's Half Moon Battery, laid gun platforms in the demi-bastion in James's Valley, enlarged the churchyard and glazed the new barracks. With the Council's permission, he meant to spend the coming quarter finishing Thompson's Gully, which was well advanced, and working on Purling's Half Moon Battery and the demi-bastion in James's Valley. He also planned to wall up Old Woman's Gully. He signed the letter at St Helena on 1 July 1771. The Council held back its orders on the repair of the merlons of Purling's Battery until its members had examined the work themselves, which they would do at the first opportunity. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The Council had ordered the merlons repaired "as quickly as possible" on 1 April 1771. Three months later it was in no hurry to approve the work. The reason lay in its survey of 14 May, when it found the master mason had built the flood wall at Thompson's Gully with too little slope and with earth instead of lime. After that discovery, the Council would not let work begin on the island's main battery until it had seen the plans and the ground for itself. The merlons had failed in the first place because Captain Mitchell's mortar was bad, and the Council did not mean to pay for the same mistake twice. The enlargement of the churchyard was quietly significant. The pay lists and the minutes recorded a steady run of deaths in the garrison through the drought year, and the burial ground in the valley needed more room. | |
275 | 8th. July At a Consultation held on Monday the 8th. day of July 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 1st. July 1771 Mr. Matthew Purling reports that he has been on board the Ships Egmont and Harcourt to Muster their Companys and enquire for Deserters but found none their Muster Rolls are as follow vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Egmont Chas. Mears Commander Willm. Mears 1st. Mate Peter Churchill 2d. do. Pat. Seymour 3d. do. Phil. Wilkin 4th. do. Matt. Wold 5th. do. Joseph Saylor Purser Thos. Davies Surgeon Wm. Campbell Gunner Rd. Cook Carpenter Paul Carrel Boatswain Thos. Eaton Caulker James Eyre Sailmaker Thos. Collins Cooper Wm. Goodman Armourer John Francis Ships Stewd. Wm. Sutton Capts. do. Robt. Miller Mid. & Coxswn. Jno. Kennedy Do. Thos. Allen Do. Steff Palmer Do. John Eyre 2d. Master Wm. Hohnman do. John Howard do. Chas. Nicholson do. Thos. Read do. John Pengle Gunrs. Mate Richd. Russell Carpr. do. James Douglass Boats. do. John Ireland Stewd. 1st. do. Nichl. Linder 2d. do. Henry Ivon Caulkers Mate Wm. Chambers Capts. Cook D. McDonald Ships do. Rd. Sayer Butcher Wm. Southerland Poulterer Joseph Boran Capts. Servt. Arthur Morland do. do. Wm. Lonsdale Chief Mates do. Chas. Ward 2d. do. do. Rt. McKenzie Gunrs. do. John Mears Carptr. do. Joseph Goodwin Boats. Servt. Thos. Jones Seaman Peter Outhwe John Anderson Joseph Bock D. Govan Henry Pinnet Thos. Gupthorpe Jno. Glendenning Thos. Stone Wm. Appleby Wm. Ward Rose Le Roy Robt. Ottey Jno. Gall Jno. Digout Jno. Johnson Albert Simon John Coty Fra. Clarke Thos. Cooke | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 8 July 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 1 July 1771. Purling reported that he had boarded the Egmont and the Harcourt to muster their crews and search for deserters, and had found none. The muster roll of the Egmont began as follows. Charles Mears, commander William Mears, chief mate Peter Churchill, second mate Patrick Seymour, third mate Robert Watkin, fourth mate Matthew Wild, fifth mate Joseph Taylor, purser Thomas Davies, surgeon William Campbell, gunner William Cook, carpenter Paul Carrol, boatswain Thomas Ealon, caulker James Eyre, sailmaker Thomas Collins, cooper William Goodman, armourer John Francis, ship's steward William Fulton, captain's steward Robert Miller, midshipman and coxswain James Kennedy, midshipman Thomas Allen, midshipman Stephen Palmer, midshipman John Eyre, quartermaster William Hickman, quartermaster John Howard, quartermaster Charles Nicholson, quartermaster Thomas Bird, quartermaster John Pearce, gunner's mate Archibald Russell, carpenter's first mate James Douglas, carpenter's second mate John Rowland, boatswain's first mate Michael Fowler, boatswain's second mate Henry [...], caulker's mate William Chambers, captain's cook D. McDonald, ship's cook R. Sayer, butcher William Sutherland, poulterer Joseph Doran, captain's servant Arthur Morland, captain's servant William Edwards, chief mate's servant Charles Hand, second mate's servant R. McHenry, gunner's servant John Mears, carpenter's servant Joseph Goodwin, boatswain's servant Thomas Jones, seaman Peter Guthrie, seaman John Anderson, seaman Joseph Cook, seaman P. Garvan, seaman Henry Parret, seaman Charles Gilthorpe, seaman James Glendenning, seaman Thomas Mann, seaman William Appleby, seaman William Ward, seaman Rowe [...], seaman Robert Colley, seaman John Gall, seaman John Duguet, seaman John Johnson, seaman Albert Simon, seaman John Coaty, seaman Francis Clarke, seaman Thomas Coates, seaman | |
276 | 8 July Michl. Callaghan Seaman John Sullivan Alexr. Lowden Jo. Emanuel Anthy. Yannaty Jas. Sheerts John Coblesta Simp. Bowes Geo. Tate James Willson Robt. Walker John Oakes Wm. Mason Robt. Wilkins Seaman Jas. Mott Robt. Potts Robt. Britton Wm. Glover John Hamby Jas. Leghorn Simn. Kunn Ph. Whitcombe Edward Clayton Wm. Hughes Robt. Brinsly Jas. Tolgate Seaman Jn. Gardiner John Cundelyone Matt. Anthony Luca Delarose Wm. Forsythe John Juba John Godfrey Chas. Glover John Frazer Wm. Blake John Dick Jos. Antula Passengers Mr. Thos. Everett Mr. Geo. Wright Mr. Michl. Yaste Capt. Nixon Mrs. Stratton The Honble. Mrs. Stewart Mrs. Strattons Woman Do. Black Boy Jn. Mr. Stewarts Servt. Edwd. Wilcox Chart. Passengr. John McGilony Hu. Smith Edwd. Chapman Jo. Kauca Fras. Grosvenor Thos. Cheeseman Wm. Worster Thos. Clarke Doo Duff Arab Blackwell Wm. Ilson Jn. Mackenzie Saml. Walker Wm. Taylor R. Hitchcock Jas. Shade Ar. Lackey Pat. Hennig Thos. Clarke R. Dingle Geo. Newbourne (signed) Charles Mears | The Egmont's muster roll concluded. Michael Callaghan, seaman John Sullivan, seaman Alexander Lowden, seaman John Emanuel, seaman Anthony Gannaty, seaman James Sheerts, seaman John Bohlesta, seaman Sampson Bowes, seaman George Tate, seaman James Willson, seaman Robert Walker, seaman John Oakes, seaman William Mason, seaman Robert Wilkins, seaman James Mott, seaman Robert Ross, seaman Robert Bolton, seaman William Glover, seaman John Hamby, seaman James Leghorn, seaman Simon Nunn, seaman Philip Whitcombe, seaman Edward Clayton, seaman William Hughes, seaman Robert Brainsby, seaman James Felgate, seaman John Gardiner, seaman John Cundelyone, seaman Matthew Anthony, seaman Luca Delarose, seaman William Forsythe, seaman John Juba, seaman John Godfrey, seaman Charles Glover, seaman John Frazer, seaman William Blake, seaman John Dick, seaman Joseph Antula, seaman Mr Thomas Everett, passenger Mr George Wright, passenger Mr Michael Vaste, passenger Captain Nixon, passenger Mrs Stratton, passenger The Honourable Mr Stewart, passenger Mrs Stratton's maid, passenger Mrs Stratton's black boy, passenger James, Mr Stewart's servant, passenger Edward Wilcox, charter-party passenger John McGilvery, charter-party passenger Hugh Smith, charter-party passenger Edward Chapman, charter-party passenger James Pearce, charter-party passenger Francis Grosvenor, charter-party passenger Thomas Cheeseman, charter-party passenger William Worster, charter-party passenger Thomas Clarke, charter-party passenger George Duff, charter-party passenger Ambrose Blackwell, charter-party passenger William Ilson, charter-party passenger John Mackenzie, charter-party passenger Samuel Walker, charter-party passenger William Taylor, charter-party passenger R. Whitcock, charter-party passenger James Shade, charter-party passenger Archibald Lackey, charter-party passenger Peter Henty, charter-party passenger Thomas Clarke, charter-party passenger R. Dingle, charter-party passenger George Newbourne, charter-party passenger Captain Charles Mears signed the roll. Interpretations Mrs Stratton was probably the wife of George Stratton, who signed the Egmont's invoice as accountant at Madras and the presidency's letter as a member of its council. She travelled home with a maid and a "black boy", a young Indian or African servant. Such children were often given to Company families as servants and taken to England as part of the household, where many remained in service for life. | |
277 | 1771 Muster Roll of Ship Harcourt Nathl. Paul Commander Thomas Price Chief Mate John Moffett 2d. do. Robt. Walpole 3d. do. William Tomkins 4th. do. Cuthbert Fenwick 5th. do. John Sylr. Hay Surgeon William Haggie Gunner James Dixey Boatswain Wm. Bruce Ships Steward John Collingwood Mid & Coxswn. John Forster Midshipman Wm. Bowles do. Jer. Dawkin Do. Robt. Sands Do. Kenneth McKensey 2d. Master Chas. Kenny Do. Danl. Moon Do. Charles Shaw Do. Jos. Saunders Caulker Davd. Evans Do. Mate Rd. Wolfe Capt. Steward Geo. Addey Sailmaker Michael Dixon Capt. Cook Jasper Harrison Ships Do. John Louch Carpenter Alexr. Cant Do. Mate Owen Beakly Boatswn. Mate John Green Do. 2d. do. David Bodmin Cooper John McFarlin Do. Mate John Hendrick Armourer Francis Blair Butcher Rt. Smith Seaman John Scott Seaman William Peterson Wm. Sutherland John Simpson Henry Scott Christopher Elgreen John Sharp Francis Boy James Boy John Hollman Wm. Watkins James Richardson Alexr. Craigg John Johnson Geo. Bill John Humble Robt. Wood Wm. Vincent Murdock McCloed Robt. Banks Chas. Stewart Saml. Ulter John Wain John Lewin George Miller Franct. Laws Wm. Plummer Micht. Shale Stephen Phillips Saml. Clifton James Bruce John Creigton John Hitch Wm. Clifton Seaman Wm. Wotham Wm. Mayo John Wales Thos. Nottingham John Ireland Jos. Maddocks Wm. Laban Grey Townsend John Taff James Taylor John Vanfelder Peter Vanpassier Dav. Jones Wm. Parkinson Thos. Lewis Thos. Redburn Henry Incelman Christr. Culvey Nichl. Coon John Bastians Benjn. Boutland John Williams Thos. Northam Thos. Napper Wm. Simons Richd. Marlbro John Letcher Isaac Fournier Capt. Servt. Lewis Selby Chief Mates Do. Joseph Frances Second Do. John Hooker Boatsw. Do. Ralph Daniel Gunrs. Do. Abraham Mason Carptr. Do. | The muster roll of the Harcourt listed these men. Nathaniel Paul, commander Thomas Price, chief mate John Moffett, second mate Robert Walpole, third mate William Tomkins, fourth mate Cuthbert Fenwick, fifth mate John Sylvester Hay, surgeon William Haggie, gunner James Dicey, boatswain William Bruce, ship's steward John Collingwood, midshipman and coxswain John Forster, midshipman William Bowles, midshipman Jeremiah Dawkin, midshipman Robert Sands, midshipman Kenneth McKenzie, quartermaster Charles Kenny, quartermaster Daniel Moon, quartermaster Charles Shaw, quartermaster Joseph Saunders, caulker David Evans, caulker's mate R. Wolfe, captain's steward George Addey, sailmaker Michael Dixon, captain's cook Jasper Harrison, ship's cook John Louch, carpenter Alexander Cant, carpenter's mate Owen Beakly, boatswain's mate John Green, boatswain's second mate David Bodmin, cooper John McFarlin, cooper's mate John Hendrick, armourer Francis Blair, butcher William Smith, seaman John Scott, seaman William Peterson, seaman William Sutherland, seaman John Simpson, seaman Henry Scott, seaman Christopher Elgreen, seaman John Sharp, seaman Francis Boy, seaman James Boy, seaman John Hollman, seaman William Watkins, seaman James Richardson, seaman Alexander Craigg, seaman John Johnson, seaman George Bill, seaman John Humble, seaman Robert Wood, seaman William Vincent, seaman Murdock McCloud, seaman Robert Banks, seaman Charles Stewart, seaman Samuel Ulter, seaman John Wain, seaman John Lewin, seaman George Miller, seaman Francis Laws, seaman William Plummer, seaman Michael Shale, seaman Stephen Phillips, seaman Samuel Clifton, seaman James Bruce, seaman John Creigton, seaman John Hitch, seaman William Clifton, seaman William Wotham, seaman William Mayo, seaman John Wates, seaman Thomas Nottingham, seaman John Ireland, seaman Joseph Maddocks, seaman William Laban, seaman Grey Townsend, seaman John Taff, seaman James Taylor, seaman John Vanfelder, seaman Peter Vanpassier, seaman David Jones, seaman William Parkinson, seaman Thomas Lewis, seaman Thomas Redborn, seaman Henry Incelman, seaman Christopher Culvey, seaman Nicholas Coon, seaman John Bastians, seaman Benjamin Routland, seaman John Williams, seaman Thomas Northam, seaman Thomas Napper, seaman William Simons, seaman Richard Marlbro, seaman John Letcher, seaman Isaac Fournier, captain's servant Lewis Selby, chief mate's servant Joseph Francis, second mate's servant John Hooker, boatswain's servant Ralph Daniel, gunner's servant Abraham Mason, carpenter's servant The list of passengers followed. | |
278 | 8th. July Passengers vizt. Mrs. Herbert Mr. Bailey Mr. Hearsey Mr. Hewer Master & Miss Darvals Master Mannington Miss Cole Miss Patch Master Holloway Mr. Pancoos Geo. Townsend John Checkley (signed) Nathl. Paul The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Egmont vizt. Account of Stores short recd. from Ship Egmont vizt. C. qr. lb. 3 2 15 Paddy 30 2 Rice short weight incl. 1 Bag Paddy & 30 Bags Rice short delivered Arrack vizt. No. 1 1 Leagr. Gages 139 Galls. wants to fill Galls. 7 No. 2 1 do. 139 do. 7 278 14 14 G. Recd. 264 Gallons St. Helena (signed) 8th. July 1771 Jas. Powell Storekeeper The Plantation Account for the Quarter and the Expence of Artillery Stores, and Stewards Accounts for the Month of June last, were this day laid before Us, which were examined, approved of, and are as follows vizt. | The Harcourt's muster roll concluded with her passengers. Mrs Herbert, passenger Mr Bailey, passenger Mr Hearsey, passenger Mr Hewer, passenger Master and Miss Darvals, passengers Master Mannington, passenger Miss Cole, passenger Miss Patch, passenger Master Holloway, passenger Mrs Pancoos, passenger George Townsend, passenger John Checkley, passenger Captain Nathaniel Paul signed the roll. The storekeeper presented an account of the stores that had arrived short from the Egmont. Unhusked rice, 3 cwt 2 qr 15 lb short in weight, including 1 bag not delivered Rice, 30 cwt 2 qr 0 lb short, being 30 bags not delivered Arrack, leaguer number 1, gauged at 139 gallons, short of full by 7 gallons Arrack, leaguer number 2, gauged at 139 gallons, short of full by 7 gallons Total arrack gauged, 278 gallons Total arrack short, 14 gallons Arrack received, 264 gallons James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 8 July 1771. The plantation account for the quarter, the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for June 1771 came before the Council. The members examined and approved them, and the accounts followed in the record. Interpretations The Egmont failed to deliver 30 of her 38 bags of rice, almost the whole consignment Madras had invoiced. The usual losses on a Company ship were a few pounds of drying in sound packages. A shortfall on this scale meant the rice had never been loaded, or had been used or sold on the voyage. The storekeeper's account put the loss on record against the ship, so that the Company could recover the cost from her commander or owners. | |
279 | Account of the Honble. Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c. from the 1st. of April to the 30th. June 1771 Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses Horses, Horses Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 104, Neat Cattle Calves 24, Neat Cattle Yearlings 25, Neat Cattle Heifers 34, Neat Cattle Steers 52, Neat Cattle Oxen 12, Neat Cattle Total 253, Sheep Ewes 311, Sheep Weathers 29, Sheep Lambs 5, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 355, Goats Ewes 116, Goats Weathers 25, Goats Kids 32, Goats Rams 8, Goats Total 181, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 11, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 19, Horses Horses 7, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 114, Poultry Ducks 24, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 4 Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 9, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 9, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 28, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 28, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 13, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 13, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 19, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 19, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 37, Poultry Ducks 13, Poultry Turkeys 23, Poultry Geese 0 Received: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 3, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 3, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 0, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 0, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 0, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 104, Neat Cattle Calves 33, Neat Cattle Yearlings 25, Neat Cattle Heifers 37, Neat Cattle Steers 52, Neat Cattle Oxen 12, Neat Cattle Total 270, Sheep Ewes 311, Sheep Weathers 29, Sheep Lambs 33, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 383, Goats Ewes 116, Goats Weathers 25, Goats Kids 45, Goats Rams 8, Goats Total 194, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 30, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 32, Horses Horses 7, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 151, Poultry Ducks 37, Poultry Turkeys 30, Poultry Geese 4 Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 3, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 10, Neat Cattle Steers 15, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 22, Sheep Ewes 40, Sheep Weathers 13, Sheep Lambs 2, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 55, Goats Ewes 4, Goats Weathers 9, Goats Kids 13, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 26, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 1, Hogs Pigs 16, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 17, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 20, Poultry Ducks 12, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 1, Neat Cattle Cows 2, Neat Cattle Calves 6, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 2, Neat Cattle Steers 1, Neat Cattle Oxen 2, Neat Cattle Total 14, Sheep Ewes 3, Sheep Weathers 2, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 10, Goats Ewes 5, Goats Weathers 1, Goats Kids 3, Goats Rams 1, Goats Total 10, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 3, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 3, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 11, Poultry Ducks 2, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 2 Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 6, Neat Cattle Cows 99, Neat Cattle Calves 27, Neat Cattle Yearlings 25, Neat Cattle Heifers 25, Neat Cattle Steers 36, Neat Cattle Oxen 10, Neat Cattle Total 228, Sheep Ewes 263, Sheep Weathers 14, Sheep Lambs 31, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 318, Goats Ewes 107, Goats Weathers 15, Goats Kids 29, Goats Rams 7, Goats Total 158, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 2, Hogs Pigs 11, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 18, Horses Horses 7, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 120, Poultry Ducks 23, Poultry Turkeys 30, Poultry Geese 2 Slaves Born 1 Girl named [...] Recd. 1 Man Slave from [...] [...] Slaves Deceased 1 Man named Caesar 1 Girl do. Sue Yam Expended for the Slaves lb. 42435 Yam do. for the Stock 16675 Total 59110 E Excepted (signed) Danl. Cornelle Margin Notes: 1771 | Daniel Corneille presented an account of the Company's livestock at the plantation from 1 April to 30 June 1771. Bulls: 7 on 1 April, 0 born, 0 received, 7 in all, 0 killed, 1 died, 6 on 30 June Cows: 104 on 1 April, 0 born, 0 received, 104 in all, 3 killed, 2 died, 99 on 30 June Calves: 24 on 1 April, 9 born, 0 received, 33 in all, 0 killed, 6 died, 27 on 30 June Yearlings: 25 on 1 April, 0 born, 0 received, 25 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 25 on 30 June Heifers: 34 on 1 April, 0 born, 3 received, 37 in all, 10 killed, 2 died, 25 on 30 June Steers: 52 on 1 April, 0 born, 0 received, 52 in all, 15 killed, 1 died, 36 on 30 June Oxen: 12 on 1 April, 0 born, 0 received, 12 in all, 0 killed, 2 died, 10 on 30 June Total cattle: 258 on 1 April, 9 born, 3 received, 270 in all, 28 killed, 14 died, 228 on 30 June Ewes: 311 on 1 April, 0 born, 311 in all, 40 killed, 3 died, 263 on 30 June Wethers: 29 on 1 April, 0 born, 29 in all, 13 killed, 2 died, 14 on 30 June Lambs: 5 on 1 April, 28 born, 33 in all, 2 killed, 0 died, 31 on 30 June Rams: 10 on 1 April, 0 born, 10 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 10 on 30 June Total sheep: 355 on 1 April, 28 born, 383 in all, 55 killed, 10 died, 318 on 30 June Nanny goats: 116 on 1 April, 0 born, 116 in all, 4 killed, 5 died, 107 on 30 June Wether goats: 25 on 1 April, 0 born, 25 in all, 9 killed, 1 died, 15 on 30 June Kids: 32 on 1 April, 13 born, 45 in all, 13 killed, 3 died, 29 on 30 June Billy goats: 8 on 1 April, 0 born, 8 in all, 0 killed, 1 died, 7 on 30 June Total goats: 181 on 1 April, 13 born, 194 in all, 26 killed, 10 died, 158 on 30 June Sows: 4 on 1 April, 0 born, 4 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 4 on 30 June Shoats: 3 on 1 April, 0 born, 3 in all, 1 killed, 0 died, 2 on 30 June Pigs: 11 on 1 April, 19 born, 30 in all, 16 killed, 3 died, 11 on 30 June Boars: 1 on 1 April, 0 born, 1 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 1 on 30 June Total swine: 19 on 1 April, 19 born, 32 in all, 17 killed, 3 died, 18 on 30 June Horses: 7 on 1 April, 0 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 30 June Mares: 7 on 1 April, 0 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 30 June Total horses: 14 on 1 April, 0 born, 14 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 14 on 30 June Fowls: 114 on 1 April, 37 hatched, 151 in all, 20 killed, 11 died, 120 on 30 June Ducks: 24 on 1 April, 13 hatched, 37 in all, 12 killed, 2 died, 23 on 30 June Turkeys: 7 on 1 April, 23 hatched, 30 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 30 on 30 June Geese: 4 on 1 April, 0 hatched, 4 in all, 0 killed, 2 died, 2 on 30 June Slaves born: 1 girl, named [...] Slaves received: 1 man, from the Harcourt Slaves died: 1 man, named Caesar Slaves died: 1 girl, named Sue Yams issued for the slaves, 42,435 lb Yams issued for the livestock, 16,675 lb Total yams issued, 59,110 lb Corneille signed the account, reserving the right to correct any errors. Interpretations The Company's herd fell again, from 258 to 228 head. This time most of the loss came from killing rather than disease: 28 beasts went to supply the twelve homeward Indiamen and the King's ships in April and May, against 14 deaths. Nine calves were born, the first real increase in a year, and deaths fell by three-quarters from the 56 of the previous quarter. The winter rains had evidently brought some grass back. The yam crop recovered as well. The slaves received 42,435 lb in the quarter, against only 3,170 lb in the first three months of 1771, so their ration was moving back from imported rice to food grown on the island. The man received from the Harcourt was Jack, the slave Fort Marlborough had sent as a punishment. Sue, the girl born in the first quarter of the year, died within months of her birth. | |
280 | 8 July Artillery Stores Expended in June 1771 Guns fired, 32 lb., 24 lb., 18 lb., 6 lb., 4 lb., 1 lb., Powder expended lb., Powder expended oz. 1 Departed the Resolution: Guns fired 9, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 4 Guns fired to salute his Majestys birth day: Guns fired 21, 32 lb. 2, 24 lb. 2, 18 lb. 1, 6 lb. 16, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 63, Powder expended oz. 0 6 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Vansittart: Guns fired 9, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 7 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Northington: Guns fired 9, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 8 An Alarm at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 2, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 9, Powder expended oz. 0 Do. at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Worcester: Guns fired 11, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 11, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 16, Powder expended oz. 8 9 Departed the Vansittart: Guns fired 9, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 15 Do. the Huntingdon and Bridgewater: Guns fired 18, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 18, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 27, Powder expended oz. 0 16 An Alarm at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 2, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 9, Powder expended oz. 0 17 Do. Do. at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Havannah: Guns fired 9, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 Fired on the Curtain by Accident: Guns fired 1, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 1, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 1, Powder expended oz. 8 18 Departed the Northington & Worcester: Guns fired 13, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 13, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 19, Powder expended oz. 8 29 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Egmont: Guns fired 9, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 30 Fired to Salute Captn. Paul coming on shore: Guns fired 13, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 13, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 19, Powder expended oz. 8 Powder expended on Ladder Hill: Guns fired 0, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 38, Powder expended oz. 0 Do. for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 32 lb. 0, 24 lb. 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 131, Powder expended oz. 1 Total: Guns fired 165, 32 lb. 2, 24 lb. 2, 18 lb. 5, 6 lb. 136, 4 lb. 20, 1 lb. 10, Powder expended lb. 505, Powder expended oz. 1 Cartridge Paper 6 Quires Copper Clouts No. 40 Tallow lb. 26 Copper Hoops No. 3 Bees Wax lb. 4 Sunk Nails 20 Sheep Skins for Spunges No. 1 Rammer Heads No. 3 Spunge Do. 2 Lead Ball to shoot Goats lb. 10 Spunge Staves No. 1 (signed) James Tyssel Capt. of Artillery | The artillery stores used in June 1771 were as follows. Salute on the departure of the Resolution on 1 June: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Salute for the King's birthday on 4 June: 21 guns fired, made up of 2 32-pounders, 2 24-pounders, 1 18-pounder and 16 6-pounders, 63 lb of powder Alarm on 6 June: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Vansittart: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 7 June: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Northington: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm at Purling's Battery on 8 June: 2 18-pounders fired, 9 lb of powder Alarm at Prosperous Bay the same day: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Worcester: 11 6-pounders fired, 16 lb 8 oz of powder. Salute on the departure of the Vansittart on 9 June: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Salute on the departure of the Huntingdon and the Bridgewater on 15 June: 18 6-pounders fired, 27 lb of powder. Alarm at Purling's Battery on 16 June: 2 18-pounders fired, 9 lb of powder Alarm at Prosperous Bay on 17 June: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Harcourt: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Gun fired on the curtain by accident: 1 6-pounder, 1 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the departure of the Northington and the Worcester on 18 June: 13 6-pounders fired, 19 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 29 June: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Egmont: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Salute for Captain [...] on coming ashore on 30 June: 13 6-pounders fired, 19 lb 8 oz of powder Powder used on Ladder Hill, 32 lb Powder for various other services, 131 lb 1 oz Total: 165 guns fired, made up of 2 32-pounders, 2 24-pounders, 5 18-pounders, 136 6-pounders, 20 4-pounders and 10 1-pounders, 505 lb 1 oz of powder Cartridge paper, 6 quires Copper clouts, 40 Tallow, 26 lb Copper hoops, 3 Beeswax, 4 lb Trunk nails, 20 Sheepskins for sponges, 1 Rammer heads, 3 Sponge heads, 2 Lead ball for shooting goats, 2 lb 10 oz Sponge staves, 1 James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Interpretations The King's birthday on 4 June drew the month's grandest salute, 21 guns including the heaviest pieces on the island, as the accession anniversary had in October 1770. The curtain was the stretch of rampart between two bastions of the Castle's sea line. A gun fired there by accident was recorded with its single charge of powder, since every pound had to be accounted for, whatever the reason it was spent. | |
281 | 1771 Sundrys Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in June 1771 £ Botts. Madeira 42 6 16 Do. Port 25 1 17 Do. Lisbon 45 3 7 6 Do. Mountain 6 9 Do. Beer 30 16 3½ Galls. Arrack 26 3 15 lb. Beef at 5 ꝑ lb. 180½ 3 13 10½ lb. Do. at 3 ꝑ do. 40 12 3 Mutton 238 4 19 2 Turkeys 9 2 5 Fowls 38 2 17 Ducks 6 9 Geese 5 1 5 Candy 123 3 1 6 Flour 562 4 14 3 Kids 5 1 5 Pigs 7 1 15 £ 43 13 2½ We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors vizt. One Set to Mr. Matthew Purling for one hundred and thirty three pounds eleven shillings and seven pence payable to Messrs. Jonas Britton and Sons Merchants in London (or Order) One Set to Captn. Nathaniel Paul for six hundred and fifty pounds payable to himself (or Order) And One Set to Captn. Eccles Nixon for three hundred pounds payable to himself (or Order) all drawn at ninety days sight. | The provisions used at the Company's table in June 1771 were as follows. Madeira, 68 bottles, £6 16s 0d Port, 25 bottles, £1 17s 6d Lisbon wine, 45 bottles, £3 7s 6d Mountain wine, 6 bottles, £0 9s 0d Beer, 90 bottles, £0 16s 3½d Arrack, 25 gallons, £3 15s 0d Beef at 5d a pound, 180½ lb, £3 15s 2½d Beef at 3d a pound, 49 lb, £0 12s 3d Mutton, 238 lb, £4 10s 2d Turkeys, 9, £2 5s 0d Fowls, 38, £2 17s 0d Ducks, 6, £0 9s 0d Geese, 5, £1 5s 0d Sugar candy, 122 lb, £3 1s 0d Flour, 562 lb, £4 14s 3d Kids, 5, £1 5s 0d Pigs, 7, £1 15s 0d Total, £43 13s 2½d The Council issued three sets of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors that day, all payable at 90 days' sight. The first, for £131 11s 7d, went to Matthew Purling and was payable to Jonas Brown and Sons, merchants in London, or their order. The second, for £650 0s 0d, went to Captain Nathaniel Paul and was payable to himself or his order. The third, for £300 0s 0d, went to Captain Eccles Nixon and was payable to himself or his order. Interpretations The table's spending rose to £43 13s 2½d, the highest of the year. June brought four Company ships, the Harcourt and the Egmont with their passengers, and the King's birthday on 4 June. Lisbon wine and Madeira were both poured freely, and dearer beef at 5d a pound now made up most of the meat bought for the table. Captain Paul's bill of £650 0s 0d was the profit of a voyage to Bencoolen. A commander's allowance of private tonnage, filled with goods sold at each port, could earn him several times his pay. The island's treasury was the last place on the homeward route where he could turn his takings into a safe claim on London. | |
282 | 8th. July William Weeden Matross being missed on the 3 instant, and apprehending he had deserted on board one of the Ships the Governor sent an Artillery Officer to make a search for him but he returned without finding him. Upon which we sent on the 6th. instant the following Order to Captains Mears and Paul. To Captain Charles Mears Commander of Ship Egmont Sir William Weeden Matross being missing ever since the 3 instant, and although the Governor sent an Artillery Officer on board your Ship and the Harcourt to look for the said Man but not finding him, We notwithstanding the said search apprehend he has secreted himself on board one of the aforesaid Ships. You are therefore requested to to make the strictest search on board your Ship in Order to discover the said Man. We are Sir Your humble Servants (signed) John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle M. Purling In the Evening of the same day Captn. Paul brought the said William Weeden on shore he being secreted in one of the Seamens Chests on board his Ship. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | William Weden, a matross, went missing on 3 July 1771. Suspecting that he had deserted aboard one of the ships, the Governor sent an artillery officer to search for him, but the officer came back without finding him. On 6 July the Council therefore sent an order to Captain Charles Mears of the Egmont and Captain Nathaniel Paul of the Harcourt. The order told Captain Mears that Weden had been missing since 3 July. The Governor had sent an artillery officer aboard the Egmont and the Harcourt to look for him without success. Even so, the Council believed he had hidden himself aboard one of the two ships. Captain Mears was asked to search his ship as thoroughly as possible to find him. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the order. That evening Captain Paul brought Weden ashore. He had been found hidden in one of the seamen's chests aboard the Harcourt. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The Council had already lost Thomas Williams, a matross who vanished aboard the homeward fleet in May. This time it did not leave the search to an outsider. An artillery officer could look only where the crew let him, and a ship had a hundred hiding places known only to her own men. Ordering the commanders to search their own ships put the duty on the people who knew the hold, and made each captain answerable if a deserter was later found aboard. Weden was hidden in a seaman's chest, which meant at least one sailor had helped him. | |
283 | 15th. July At a Consultation held on Monday the 15th. day of July 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 8th. July 1771 Monday the 8 Sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Egmont and Harcourt for England Wednesday the 10th. died Ann Wife of Mr. John Goodwin Factor. The Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections, and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter commencing from 1st. April and ending 30th. June last which were examined, and approved, and are as follow vizt. Collection of Goods Sold and Issued out of the Honble. Company's Ware Houses from 1st. April to the 30th. June 1771. Sold to the Companys Servants at 10 ꝑ Cent vizt. Sugar & Candy vizt. lb. Sugar 7500 115 5 1 lb. Candy 3423 79 18 8 195 3 9 Flour vizt. 44 13 10 lb. Flour 5663 441 6 4 Flour 471.3.10 486 2 Rice & Paddy vizt. Rice 69.3.3 50 3 3 Paddy 12.2.20 3 4 3 53 7 6 Carried over £ 734 11 5 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 15 July 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 8 July 1771. The Company's ships Egmont and Harcourt sailed for England on Monday 8 July 1771. Ann, the wife of John Goodwin, a factor, died on Wednesday 10 July. The storekeeper presented his record of sales and the paymaster his accounts for the quarter from 1 April to 30 June 1771. The Council examined and approved them. The storekeeper's record began with the goods sold to the Company's servants at a 10 per cent advance. Sugar, 7,500 lb, £115 5s 1d Sugar candy, 3,423 lb, £79 18s 8d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £195 3s 9d Flour, 5,163 lb, £44 13s 10d Baked bread, 477 cwt 3 qr 10 lb, £441 6s 4d Total for flour and bread, £486 0s 2d Rice, 69 cwt 3 qr 3 lb, £50 3s 3d Unhusked rice, 12 cwt 1 qr 20 lb, £3 4s 3d Total for rice and unhusked rice, £53 7s 6d Carried over, £734 11s 5d Interpretations Sugar sales to the Company's servants rose to £195 3s 9d, against £170 18s 5d in the first quarter of 1771, as the China ships' consignments reached the shelves. Rice sales fell to less than half, from 166 cwt to 69 cwt. With the winter rains, yams and other island crops were back in the households' diet, and the servants bought less of the imported grain they had depended on through the drought. | |
284 | 15th. July Brought over £ 734 11 5 Oil vizt. Galls. Train 60½ 10 15 11 Linseed 21½ 4 14 11 Botts. Florence 7 1 5 Galls. Oil Turpentine 5/8 3 16 14 3 Canvas vizt. Yds. English 77 5 12 3 Yds. Ticklenburgs 22½ 1 2 6 14 3 Tea vizt. lb. Bohea 78½ 3 5 5 Congo 120 9 Singlo 90 7 2 6 19 7 11 Chelloes 23 Pieces 10 19 5 Candles 652 32 17 2 Salt 23½ Bushels 3 17 1 Pepper lb. 16 9 Arrack 34½ Galls. 8 12 6 Shalloon vizt. Yds. Coloured 40½ 4 6 Do. Scarlet 32½ 4 3 3 8 9 2 Thread vizt. lb. Whited Brown 19 7 2 6 Coloured 13 2 4 5 lb. Nuns 7½ 10 1 9 17 Long Ells vizt. Yds. Blue 14 1 6 10 Do. Scarlet 3 8 9 1 15 7 Carried over £ 904 4 9 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £734 11s 5d brought over. Brought over, £734 11s 5d Train oil, 60½ gallons, £10 15s 11d Linseed oil, 21½ gallons, £4 14s 11d Florence oil, 9 bottles, £1 0s 5d Oil of turpentine, ⅝ gallon, £0 3s 0d Total for oil, £16 14s 3d English canvas, 77 yards, £5 12s 3d Tecklenburg canvas, 22½ yards, £1 2s 0d Total for canvas, £6 14s 3d Bohea tea, 7½ lb, £3 5s 5d Congou tea, 12 lb, £9 0s 0d Singlo tea, 9 lb, £7 2s 6d Total for tea, £19 7s 11d Chelloes, 23 pieces, £10 19s 5d Candles, 652 lb, £82 17s 2d Salt, 23½ bushels, £3 17s 1d Pepper, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d Arrack, 34½ gallons, £8 12s 1d Coloured shalloon, 40½ yards, £4 0s 6d Scarlet shalloon, 32¾ yards, £4 8s 3d Total for shalloon, £8 9s 2d White and brown thread, 19 lb, £7 2s 6d Coloured thread, 13 lb, £2 4s 5d Nuns' thread, 7 oz, £0 10s 1d Total for thread, £9 17s 0d Blue long ells, 14 yards, £1 6s 10d Scarlet long ells, 3 yards, £0 8s 9d Total for long ells, £1 15s 7d Carried over, £904 4s 9d Interpretations Candles were the second largest sale of the quarter after bread, at £82 17s 2d for 652 lb, more than double the 365 lb sold in the first quarter of the year. The winter months brought long evenings, and the wax candles landed from every Bengal ship that spring gave the stores a large stock to sell. Congou tea appeared in the servants' purchases for the first time, from the Bridgewater's consignment of May, at three times the price of bohea by the pound. | |
285 | 1771 Brought over £ 904 4 9 Pitch & Tar vizt. lb. Pitch 35 4 2½ Galls. Tar 6½ 5 lb. Rosin 78 14 7½ 1 3 10 Cordage lb. 705½ 12 9 9 Corks 28 Gross 3 3 3 Blankets 17 5 9 1 Sope lb. 383 29 7 9 Lead vizt. lb. Sheet Lead 152½ 1 11 9 Small Shott 107 1 2 3 2 14 Coffee lb. 49 2 4 11 Beef & Porke vizt. lb. Beef 2167 216 14 lb. Pork 3994 399 8 616 2 Starch lb. 100½ 3 5 1 Buckram 4½ Yds. 4 1 Hats vizt. Mens Hats 8 7 14 Boys do. 20 6 12 6 14 6 6 Flannel 4 Yds. 9 3 Leather vizt. lb. Sole 161½ 11 3 9½ Calf Skins 9 5 5 1½ 16 17 11 Pease 1½ Bushels 12 5 Twine vizt. lb. Sail Twine 51 1 11 10½ lb. Cotton wick 1½ 3 1½ 1 15 Kersey 2 Yards 13 Carried Over £ 1615 13 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £904 4s 9d brought over. Brought over, £904 4s 9d Pitch, 35 lb, £0 4s 2½d Tar, 6 gallons, £0 5s 0d Rosin, 78 lb, £0 14s 7½d Total for pitch, tar and rosin, £1 3s 10d Cordage, 705½ lb, £12 9s 9d Corks, 28 gross, £3 3s 3d Blankets, 17, £5 9s 1d Soap, 383 lb, £29 7s 9d Sheet lead, 152½ lb, £1 11s 9d Small shot, 107 lb, £1 2s 3d Total for lead, £2 14s 0d Coffee, 49 lb, £2 4s 11d Salt beef, 2,167 pieces, £216 14s 0d Salt pork, 3,994 pieces, £399 8s 0d Total for beef and pork, £616 2s 0d Starch, 100½ lb, £3 5s 1d Buckram, 4½ yards, £0 4s 1d Men's hats, 8, £7 14s 0d Boys' hats, 20, £6 12s 6d Total for hats, £14 6s 6d Flannel, 4¾ yards, £0 9s 3d Sole leather, 161½ lb, £11 3s 9½d Calfskins, 9, £5 14s 1½d Total for leather, £16 17s 11d Pease, 1½ bushels, £0 12s 5d Twine, 51 skeins, £1 11s 10½d Cotton wick, 1½ lb, £0 3s 1½d Total for twine and wick, £1 15s 0d Kersey, 2 yards, £0 13s 0d Carried over, £1,615 13s 0d Interpretations Salt meat sales rose to £616 2s 0d, close to the peak of the last quarter of 1770, after the stores restocked from Captain Carr's 1,229 pieces in March and the season's ships. Beef made up more of the total again. Twenty boys' hats sold in a single quarter point to the garrison's sons growing up as drummers, fifers and future soldiers, and to the families who bought for them through the stores. | |
286 | 15th. July Brought over £ 1615 13 Books 2 Common Prayer 16 4 Bunting 1 Yd. White 7 Earthen ware vizt. 7 large Cream Cold. Tea Pots 17 9½ 7 do. 2d. size do. Do. 3 11 5 Small do. Do. 3 4 5 Large Red do. Do. 15 7½ 10 do. 2d. size do. Do. 1 2 1 7 Small do. Do. 8 9 4 Milk Pans 5 6 3 Close Stool Pans 5 10 4 7 10 Hooks & Lines vizt. Hooks 900 No. 7 1 6 3 575 . 14 5 10 1100 . 16 6 5 25 . 3 1 7 200 . 9 6 4 175 . 6 15 5 25 . 11 5 575 . 15 4 5 25 . 12 5 Lines 25 . 2 1 11 75 . 3 1 7 6 Hambro 9 6 4 Log 1 2 1 Deep Sea 1 6 9 10 2 Nails vizt. lb. 2d. 297½ 1 8 3 3 17 4 2 4 112¼ 3 17 6 152 4 15 10 9 4 3 Nails Carried over £ 10 19 1 Carrd. over £ 1630 7 11 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £1,615 13s 0d brought over. Brought over, £1,615 13s 0d Books of Common Prayer, 2, £0 16s 4d White bunting, 1 yard, £0 0s 7d Large cream-coloured teapots, 7, £0 17s 9½d Second-size cream-coloured teapots, 7, £0 3s 11d Small cream-coloured teapots, 5, £0 3s 4d Large red teapots, 5, £0 15s 7½d Second-size red teapots, 10, £1 2s 1d Small red teapots, 7, £0 8s 9d Earthenware milk pans, 4, £0 5s 6d Earthenware close stool pans, 3, £0 5s 10d Total for earthenware, £4 7s 10d Fish hooks, number 1 size, 900, £1 6s 3d Fish hooks, number 14 size, 575, £0 5s 10d Fish hooks, number 16 size, 1,100, £0 6s 5d Fish hooks, number 3 size, 25, £0 1s 7d Fish hooks, number 9 size, 200, £0 6s 4d Fish hooks, number 6 size, 175, £0 15s 5d Fish hooks, number 11 size, 25, £0 0s 5d Fish hooks, number 15 size, 575, £0 4s 5d Fish hooks, number 12 size, 25, £0 0s 5d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 25, £1 0s 11d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 75, £1 7s 0d Hamburg lines, 6, £0 9s 6d Log lines, 4, £0 4s 2d Deep-sea line, 1, £0 1s 6d Total for hooks and lines, £9 10s 2d Twopenny nails, 29½ lb, £1 8s 3d Threepenny nails, 17 lb, £0 14s 2d Fourpenny nails, 112¼ lb, £3 17s 0d Sixpenny nails, 152 lb, £4 15s 0d Tenpenny nails, 9 lb, £0 4s 3d Nails carried over, £10 19s 1d Carried over, £1,632 7s 11d Interpretations Cream-coloured earthenware was the new glazed pottery perfected by Josiah Wedgwood and other Staffordshire potters in the 1760s. Under the name of Queen's ware it had become fashionable across England. Its arrival on St Helena by 1771, alongside the red stoneware teapots made in imitation of Chinese Yixing ware, shows how quickly the island's stores carried the newest English goods. Teapots in three sizes and two wares point to tea-drinking spreading well beyond the officers' tables. | |
287 | 1771 Brought over £ 1630 7 11 Nails brought over £ 10 19 1 lb. 20 12 5 3 40 30 12 6 Glazg. Brads 6½ 11 11 Flooring do. 50 1 2 1 13 16 10 Haberdashery vizt. Oz. Silk 49 1 3 7 do. Mohair 21 10 6 Doz. Mohl. Ct. Buttons 12½ 3 4½ do. do. Bt. do. 11 4 1½ Doz. Gold Basket Ct. do. 1/3 7 Oz. do. Bt. do. ½ 1 3½ Gro. White Waistd. do. 5½ 14 10 Gro. Shirt do. 2⅔ 6 10½ Gro. Horn Moulds 1¼ 3 7¼ Yds. Broad Gold Lace 5½ 1 4 5 Pr. Tape 13 3 1½ Yds. White Buckram 3½ 10 5¼ lb. Whale Bone ¾ 4 10½ 6 12 6 Shoes vizt. Pr. Mens ordy. Shoes 417 105 2 4 Pr. do. Fine do. 44 13 7 8 Pr. do. Fine Pumps 50 13 15 Pr. do. Channel do. 9 2 10 7½ Pr. Wom. Calimanco Shoes 34 17 17 Pr. do. Spanish Leather do. 17 3 12 3 Pr. do. Calf Leather do. 2 4 3½ Pr. Boys do. 47 4 14 6 Pr. Girls Calimanco do. 12 2 Pr. do. Calf do. 15 1 13 9 165 6 10 Iron Pots 9 Wt. lb. 29½ 2 5 9 Carried Over £ 1818 9 10 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £1,630 7s 11d brought over. Brought over, £1,630 7s 11d Nails brought over, £10 19s 1d Twentypenny nails, 12 lb, £0 5s 3d Fortypenny nails, 30 lb, £0 12s 6d Glazing brads, 6½ lb, £0 11s 11d Flooring brads, 50 lb, £1 2s 1d Total for nails, £13 16s 10d Silk, 49 skeins, £1 3s 7d Mohair thread, 21 skeins, £0 10s 6d Mohair coat buttons, 12½ dozen, £0 3s 4½d Mohair breast buttons, 11 dozen, £0 4s 1½d Gold basket coat buttons, 1⅓ dozen, £0 7s 0d Gold basket breast buttons, ½ dozen, £0 1s 3½d White waistcoat buttons, 5⅝ gross, £0 14s 10d Shirt buttons, 2⅝ gross, £0 6s 10½d Horn button moulds, 1¼ gross, £0 3s 7¼d Broad gold lace, 5½ yards, £1 4s 5d Tape, 13 pieces, £0 8s 1½d White buckram, 3½ yards, £0 10s 5¼d Whalebone, ¾ lb, £0 4s 10½d Total for haberdashery, £6 12s 6d Men's ordinary shoes, 417 pairs, £105 2s 4d Men's fine shoes, 44 pairs, £13 7s 8d Men's fine pumps, 50 pairs, £13 15s 0d Men's channel pumps, 9 pairs, £2 10s 7½d Women's calimanco shoes, 34 pairs, £17 17s 0d Women's Spanish leather shoes, 17 pairs, £3 12s 3d Women's calf leather shoes, 2 pairs, £0 4s 3½d Boys' shoes, 27 pairs, £4 14s 6d Girls' calimanco shoes, 12 pairs, £2 0s 0d Girls' calf leather shoes, 15 pairs, £1 13s 9d Total for shoes, £165 6s 10d Iron pots, 9, weighing [...], £2 5s 9d Carried over, £1,818 9s 10d Interpretations The shoe sales show the garrison's families as much as its soldiers. Alongside 417 pairs of men's ordinary shoes, the stores sold 53 pairs of women's shoes and 54 pairs for boys and girls in a single quarter. Fine shoes and pumps for dress wear, 94 pairs in all, point to the officers' households and the planters' families going to the Castle's entertainments in the busiest season of the year. Spanish leather was a soft, fine leather tanned with sumac, first made in Spain and used for good-quality shoes. | |
288 | 15th. July Brought over £ 1818 9 10 Cuttlery ware vizt. Buckling Combs 16 5 4 Shoe Knives 2 9 Butchers do. 2 1 2 Pr. Leather Garters 130 4 13 3 Doz. Horn hand. Knives & Forks 6 5 6¾ Case Fleams 1 2 5¼ Horn Combs 2 5½ Doz. Green hand. Knives & Forks 1 2 3 6½ 7 13 6 Turners ware vizt. Sab. Baskets 5 6 10½ Hasketts 3 7 6¾ Birch Brooms 5 2 5½ Hair do. 4 11 8 Scrubbing Brushes 3 3 9 Shoe do. 12 10 Buckle do. 2 1 3 Mops 2 2 9 Punch Ladles 12 7 6 Plaistr. Brushes 8 13 3 Paint do. 13 15 11½ Large Flat Basket 1 7 9½ Small do. do. 1 7 3¼ 4 12 11 Braziers ware vizt. Tea Kettles of 5 Pts. each 2 1 16 11 do. of three do. 4 2 14 4 4 11 3 China ware vizt. Octagon Soup Plates 126 3 7 4 Setts Octag. Dishes & Plates 11 11 2 6 Baking Dishes 19 1 3 9 Soup Dish 1 6 6 Chamber Pots 24 2 14 China ware Carr. over £ Carrd. over £ 1835 7 6 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £1,818 9s 10d brought over. Brought over, £1,818 9s 10d Buckling combs, 16, £0 5s 4d Shoe knives, 2, £0 0s 9d Butchers' knives, 2, £0 1s 2d Leather garters, 130 pairs, £4 13s 3d Horn-handled knives and forks, 6 sets, £0 5s 6¾d Case of fleams, 1, £0 2s 5¼d Horn combs, 2, £0 0s 5½d Green-handled knives and forks, 1 dozen, £2 3s 6½d Total for cutlery and combs, £7 13s 6d Labourers' baskets, 5, £0 6s 10½d Flaskets, 3, £0 7s 6¾d Birch brooms, 5, £0 2s 3½d Hair brooms, 4, £0 11s 8d Scrubbing brushes, 3, £0 8s 9d Shoe brushes, 12, £0 10s 0d Bottle brushes, 2, £0 1s 3d Mops, 2, £0 2s 9d Punch ladles, 12, £0 7s 6d Plasterers' brushes, 8, £0 13s 3d Paint brushes, 13, £0 15s 11½d Large flat basket, 1, £0 7s 9½d Small flat basket, 1, £0 7s 3¼d Total for turned ware, £4 12s 11d Tea kettles holding 5 pints, 2, £1 16s 11d Tea kettles holding 3 pints, 4, £2 14s 4d Total for brass and copper ware, £4 11s 3d Octagonal china soup plates, 126, £3 7s 4d Sets of octagonal china dishes and plates, 11, £11 2s 6d China baking dishes, 19, £1 3s 9d China soup dish, 1, £0 6s 6d China chamber pots, 24, £2 14s 0d Carried over, £1,835 7s 6d Interpretations A fleam was a small folding lancet used to open a vein for bleeding, then the standard treatment for fevers and inflammation. Bleeding was done by farriers on horses and cattle as well as by surgeons on people, so a case of fleams might have served a planter's livestock as readily as his household. The china came from the Kent's consignment landed in April. Eleven full sets of octagonal dishes and plates, at about £1 each, were sold in a single quarter, a sign of how cheaply Chinese porcelain now furnished the island's tables. | |
289 | 1771 Brought over £ 1835 7 6 China Ware brought over £ Guglets & Basons 23 2 13 3 half Pint Cups & Saucers 135 4 2 6 Pt. do. & do. 54 13 6 Bowls 29 1 4 2 Sneakers 144 1 16 Sallad Dishes 3 6 8 Tea Pots 11 8 3 29 13 10 Paint vizt. lb. Blue Smalts 31½ 3 4 Indico 29 2 15 7 Whiting 150 6 3 White Lead dry 77 1 8 10½ Papers Blacking 9 7 10½ Log Wood 4 11 Olive Colour 5 9 9½ Yell. Oaker ground 18 13 6 lb. Copperas 1 1 1 Oz. Prussian Blue 2 3 3½ lb. Verdigrease ⅞ 2 5 Brimstone 6 1 1 9 11 Broad Cloth vizt. Yds. Scarlet 5½ 5 19 7½ Blue 13⅞ 12 5 5 Black 19⅝ 17 1 Dark brown 19⅞ 19 2 7 Yds. Parsons grey 4½ 4 11 3 Yds. Buff 3⅞ 3 5 10 62 6 2 Sheets vizt. Soldiers 143 35 9 Yds. Russia Drab 3 7 4 4 6 Yds. Huckaback for Napkins 9¼ 3 12 7 Yds. do. for Table Cloths 21 10 13 Yds. Brown Holland 9½ 19 5 55 3 6 Carrd. over £ 1992 7 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £1,835 7s 6d brought over. Brought over, £1,835 7s 6d China guglets and basins, 23, £2 13s 3d China half-pint cups and saucers, 135, £4 2s 6d China quarter-pint cups and saucers, 54, £0 13s 6d China bowls, 29, £1 4s 2d China sneakers, 144, £1 16s 0d China salad dishes, 8, £0 6s 8d China teapots, 11, £0 8s 3d Total for china, £29 13s 10d Blue smalts, 31½ lb, £3 0s 4d Indigo, 29 lb, £2 15s 7d Whiting, 150 lb, £0 6s 3d Dry white lead, 77 lb, £1 8s 10½d Blacking, 9 bottles, £0 7s 10½d Logwood, 4 lb, £0 0s 11d Olive-coloured paint, 5 lb, £0 9s 9½d Mixed yellow ochre, 18 lb, £0 13s 6d Copperas, 1 lb, £0 1s 1d Prussian blue, 2 oz, £0 3s 3½d Verdigris, ½ lb, £0 2s 5d Brimstone, 6 lb, £0 1s 1d Total for paint, £9 11s 0d Scarlet broadcloth, 5½ yards, £5 19s 7½d Blue broadcloth, 13¾ yards, £12 5s 5d Black broadcloth, 19½ yards, £17 1s 0d Dark brown broadcloth, 19¾ yards, £19 2s 7d Parson's grey broadcloth, 4½ yards, £4 11s 3d Buff broadcloth, 3½ yards, £3 5s 10d Total for broadcloth, £62 6s 2d Soldiers' shirts, 143, £35 9s 6d Russia diaper, 3⅞ [...], £4 4s 6d Huckaback for napkins, 3⅛ [...], £3 12s 7d Huckaback for tablecloths, 2 [...], £10 18s 0d Brown holland, 9½ yards, £0 19s 5d Total for shirts and linen, £55 3s 6d Carried over, £1,992 7s 0d Interpretations Russia diaper was a linen woven with a small diamond pattern, made in the Baltic and imported through St Petersburg. Huckaback was a coarse, absorbent linen with a raised weave, used for towels, napkins and tablecloths. Their sale in the same quarter as cream-coloured teapots, octagonal china and fine pumps shows households furnishing their tables in the English manner. Black broadcloth sold in unusual quantity, nearly 20 yards. The garrison's deaths through the drought year, and the new pall made in the first quarter, point to mourning dress for widows and families. | |
290 | 15th. July Brought over £ 1992 7 Iron Ware vizt. Sail Needle 1 ½ Small Box Irons 5 1 17 8½ large Frying Pans 11 2 16 10 Sythe Stones 12 3 3 Pr. Large Stilyards 1 11 2½ Splinter Locks 2 1 ½ Pad do. 2 3 1 Iron rimed Mortice Brass Knobs 13 4 10 5½ Stock do. 6 18 6 Chest do. 9 1 10 4½ Hand Hatchets 4 7 7 Ash Hoes 3 3 2½ Mouse Traps 7 4 8 Spring Rat do. 7 11 8 Blank Keys 13 8 11 Claw Hammer 1 1 9 Small Frying Pans 5 11 3 Pr. HL. Hinges 1 3 2½ Plaistr. Trowels 2 3 2 Pr. Hand Bellows 2 8 Maul 1 11 6½ Pick Axes 5 19 4½ Pr. Wool Cards 3 6 6 doz. Wood Screws 4 1 6 Leathr. Drill String 1 7 Wood do. 1 3 1½ Garden Rakes 2 5 1½ Pr. Garden Sheers 1 4 Sheets Emery Paper 2 6 Bag Iron 1 8¾ Pr. Dove Tail Hinges 1 3 Wire Rat Traps 3 6 11¼ 18 16 8 Carrd. over £ 2011 3 8 | 15th. July Brought over £ 1992 7 Iron Ware vizt. Sail Needle 1 ½ Small Box Irons 5 1 17 8½ large Frying Pans 11 2 16 10 Sythe Stones 12 3 3 Pr. Large Stilyards 1 11 2½ Splinter Locks 2 1 ½ Pad do. 2 3 1 Iron rimed Mortice Brass Knobs 13 4 10 5½ Stock do. 6 18 6 Chest do. 9 1 10 4½ Hand Hatchets 4 7 7 Ash Hoes 3 3 2½ Mouse Traps 7 4 8 Spring Rat do. 7 11 8 Blank Keys 13 8 11 Claw Hammer 1 1 9 Small Frying Pans 5 11 3 Pr. HL. Hinges 1 3 2½ Plaistr. Trowels 2 3 2 Pr. Hand Bellows 2 8 Maul 1 11 6½ Pick Axes 5 19 4½ Pr. Wool Cards 3 6 6 doz. Wood Screws 4 1 6 Leathr. Drill String 1 7 Wood do. 1 3 1½ Garden Rakes 2 5 1½ Pr. Garden Sheers 1 4 Sheets Emery Paper 2 6 Bag Iron 1 8¾ Pr. Dove Tail Hinges 1 3 Wire Rat Traps 3 6 11¼ 18 16 8 Carrd. over £ 2011 3 8 | |
291 | 1771 Brought over £ 2011 3 8 Glass Ware vizt. Sqrs. 12 by 15 2 2 7 Sqs. 8 by 10 240 6 15 Wine Glasses 144 3 11 Tumblers 11 8 Beer Glasses 6 6 Qt. Decanters 6 17 Pt. do. 10 1 5 Pr. Salts 10 8 3½ Candle Shades 5 1 14 9½ 15 3 1 Deals vizt. Double Deals 187 31 13 11 Single do. 48 4 14 Baulks 7 3 1 4½ Coffins 6 1 5 3¾ 40 19 7 Tin Ware vizt. Horn Lanthorns 2 7 10 Hand Glass do. 1 6 1 G. Funnel 1 2 2½ Half G. do. 1 1 4½ Pt. do. 2 1 1 G. Saucepans with Covers 4 9 11 Quart do. 3 4 4 Pudding Pans 8 7 4 Tin Lamps with 2 Spouts 2 1 1¼ Small do. 2 1 10½ Globes do. 1 3 5¼ Dripping Pan 1 2 2¾ Single Sheet Tin 1 1½ 2 14 3 Sailors Cloaths 7 Mens Checked Shirts 1 6 2 Cart-Wheels & Wheel Barrow 16 11 Carried over £ 2072 3 8 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £2,011 3s 8d brought over. Brought over, £2,011 3s 8d Window glass, 12 by 15 inches, 2 squares, £0 2s 7d Window glass, 8 by 10 inches, 240 squares, £6 15s 0d Wine glasses, 144, £3 11s 0d Tumblers, 11, £0 8s 0d Beer glasses, 6, £0 6s 0d Pint decanters, 6, £0 17s 0d Quart decanters, 10, £1 0s 5d Salt cellars, 10 pairs, £0 8s 3½d Candle shades, 5, £1 14s 9½d Total for glass, £15 3s 1d Double deals, 187, £31 13s 11d Single deals, 48, £4 14s 0d Balks, 7, £3 1s 4¾d Coffins, 6, £1 5s 3¼d Total for timber, £40 14s 7d Horn lanterns, 2, £0 7s 10d Hand glass lantern, 1, £0 6s 1d Gallon funnel, 1, £0 2s 2½d Half-gallon funnel, 1, £0 1s 4½d Quart funnels, 2, £0 1s 1d Gallon saucepans with covers, 4, £0 9s 11d Quart saucepans, 3, £0 4s 4d Pudding pans, 8, £0 7s 4d Tin lamps with 2 spouts, 2, £0 1s 1¼d Small tin lamps, 2, £0 1s 10½d Globe lamp, 1, £0 8s 3¼d Dripping pan, 1, £0 2s 2½d Single sheet of tin, 1, £0 0s 4½d Total for tinware, £2 14s 3d Men's checked shirts, 7, £1 6s 2d Cart wheels and wheelbarrow, £0 16s 11d Carried over, £2,072 3s 8d Interpretations Six coffins sold from the timber stores in a single quarter matched the deaths recorded in the minutes from April to June 1771: soldiers, a matross, wives and children. Every burial on the island depended on imported Baltic deal. The 240 squares of window glass were probably bought privately for houses, while 65 squares meant for the barracks had arrived broken from the Calcutta in April. | |
292 | 15th. July Brought over £ 2072 3 8 Hosiers-Ware vizt. Black Silk Breechs. Pr. 4 5 2 2 Pr. Mens Wrsd. Stockings 5 19 9 Pr. do. Ordy. Thrd. do. 2 6 3 Pr. do. India Cotton do. 24 9 10 Pr. Girls Stockings 1 2 2 16 4 Pewter vizt. Pt. Funnels 2 5 1½ Chamb. Pots 23 3 12 10 Basons 7 1 1 3½ 4 19 3 Serge vizt. Yds. Blue Serge 3 17 3 Yds. Scarlet 2¾ 18 1 Yds. Green 6 1 11 1 Pr. Brown Fustain ½ 1 1 1 4 7 6 Long Cloth vizt. Ps. No. 1 6 18 3 6 Ps. 4 2 3 2 8 Ps. 5 3 3 16 Ps. L 7 37 14 10 Ps. S 2 6 3 6 Ps. T 1 1 12 9 Ps. U 3¾ 4 18 5 75 11 1 £ 2173 1 10 | The storekeeper's record for the quarter continued from £2,072 3s 8d brought over. Brought over, £2,072 3s 8d Black silk breeches pieces, 4, £5 2s 2d Men's worsted stockings, 5 pairs, £0 19s 9d Men's ordinary thread stockings, 2 pairs, £0 6s 3d Men's Indian cotton stockings, 24 pairs, £9 10s 0d Girls' stockings, 1 pair, £0 2s 2d Total for hosiery, £16 0s 4d Pewter funnels, 2, £0 5s 1½d Pewter chamber pots, 23, £3 12s 10d Pewter basins, 7, £1 1s 3½d Total for pewter, £4 19s 3d Blue serge, 3 yards, £0 17s 3d Scarlet serge, 2¾ yards, £0 18s 1d Green serge, 6 yards, £1 11s 1d Brown fustian, ½ piece, £1 1s 1d Total for serge and fustian, £4 7s 6d Long cloth, grade N, 6 pieces, £18 3s 6d Long cloth, number 4 grade, 2 pieces, £3 2s 8d Long cloth, number 5 grade, 3 pieces, £3 16s 0d Long cloth, grade L, 7 pieces, £37 14s 10d Long cloth, grade S, 2 pieces, £6 3s 6d Long cloth, grade T, 1 piece, £1 12s 9d Long cloth, grade U, 3¾ pieces, £4 18s 5d Total for long cloth, £75 11s 1d Total sold to the Company's servants, £2,173 1s 10d Interpretations The servants' purchases in the quarter came to £2,173 1s 10d, a quarter more than the £1,740 19s 8d of January to March 1771 and close to the record £2,231 0s 8d of the last quarter of 1770. The homeward season had refilled the stores with China sugar and porcelain, Bengal candles and Madras cloth, and the garrison and officials bought freely once there was something to buy. Grade L long cloth, the finest on sale, cost more than £5 a piece and made up half the long cloth sold. It was the shirting the officers and senior servants wore. | |
293 | 1771 Sold to the Planters at 25 ꝑ Cent Hats 2 Mens fine 2 3 9 Thread vizt. Whited Brown 2½ 1 1 3 Coloured 3 11 6¾ Oz. Nuns No. 33 1 1 7½ 1 14 5 Chelloes 1 Piece 10 10 Long Ells 9¼ Yds. Scarlet 1 10 3 Leather vizt. Sole 23 1 17 4½ Calf Skins 3 2 1 2½ 3 18 7 Buckram 1 Yard 1 Canvas 8 Yds. English 13 2 Shalloon 10½ Yds. Coloured 1 3 1 Haberdashery vizt. Skn. Silk 14 10 6 do. Mohair 3 1 9 Pr. Tape 3 2 1½ doz. Moh. C. Buttons 4 4 doz. do. B. do. 1½ 3½ 19 1 Hosiers Ware 3 Pr. Mens Worsd. Stockings 13 6 Serge ½ Pr. Brown Fustain 12 Sheets 5½ Yds. Brown Holland 12 7 Long Cloth 1 Pr. T. 1 16 7 Shoes vizt. Pr. Womens Calimanco 7 1 13 10 Pr. Mens fine Pumps 1 6 3 Pr. do. do. Shoes 1 6 11 Pr. do. Ordy. do. 2 11 7½ Pr. Boys do. 3 12 Pr. Girls Calimanco do. 1 3 3½ 4 14 4 Carr. over £ 21 8 7 | The record then turned to goods sold to the planters at a 25 per cent advance. Men's fine hats, 2, £2 3s 9d White and brown thread, 2½ lb, £1 1s 3d Coloured thread, 3 lb, £0 11s 6¾d Nuns' thread, number 33 grade, 1 oz, £0 1s 7½d Total for thread, £1 14s 5d Chelloes, 1 piece, £0 10s 10d Scarlet long ells, 9¾ yards, £1 10s 3d Sole leather, 23 lb, £1 17s 4½d Calfskins, 3, £2 1s 2½d Total for leather, £3 18s 7d Buckram, 1 yard, £0 1s 0d English canvas, 8 yards, £0 13s 2d Coloured shalloon, 10½ yards, £1 3s 1d Silk, 14 skeins, £0 10s 6d Mohair thread, 3 skeins, £0 1s 9d Tape, 3 pieces, £0 2s 1½d Mohair coat buttons, 4 dozen, £0 4s 0d Mohair breast buttons, 1½ dozen, £0 0s 5½d Total for haberdashery, £0 19s 1d Men's worsted stockings, 3 pairs, £0 13s 6d Brown fustian, ½ piece, £0 12s 0d Brown holland for shirts, 5½ yards, £0 12s 7d Long cloth, grade T, 1 piece, £1 16s 7d Women's calimanco shoes, 7 pairs, £1 13s 10d Men's fine pumps, 1 pair, £0 6s 3d Men's fine shoes, 1 pair, £0 6s 11d Men's ordinary shoes, 2 pairs, £0 11s 7½d Boys' shoes, 3 pairs, £0 12s 0d Girls' calimanco shoes, 1 pair, £0 3s 3½d Total for shoes, £4 4s 4d Carried over, £21 8s 7d | |
294 | 15th. July Brought over £ 21 8 7 Camblet 2 Yds. Green 11 4 Blankets 1 7 7 Sold at 40 ꝑ Cent Broad Cloth vizt. Yds. Scarlet 6¾ 9 8 1½ Yds. Black 8 9 6 11 Yds. Parsons Grey 3¾ 4 17 6 Yds. Dark Brown 3 3 13 6 Yds. Pompadore 4½ 6 4 10½ 33 10 11 Hosiers Ware 1 Black Silk Brs. Peat 1 12 6 Sugar & Candy vizt. lb. Sugar 1421 31 10 7 Candy 447 13 9 44 11 4 Flour lb. 745 9 6 3 Rice 3.1.19 3 14 4 Tea vizt. Bohea 30 2 Congo 28 9 18 Singlo 13 1 10 4 13 8 4 Salt 2½ Bushels 10 10 Candles lb. 85 12 13 6 Oil vizt. Botts. Florence 2 7 5 Galls. Train 7¾ 1 16 2 do. Linseed ½ 2 10 2 6 5 Sope lb. 124 7 13 4 Coffee lb. 9 10 6 Starch lb. 1 10 Cordage lb. 72½ 1 14 9 Carried over £ 134 6 4 | The goods sold to the planters continued from £21 8s 7d brought over. Brought over, £21 8s 7d Green camlet, 2 yards, £0 11s 4d Blanket, 1, £0 7s 7d A further group of goods went to the planters at a 40 per cent advance. Scarlet broadcloth, 6¾ yards, £9 8s 1½d Black broadcloth, 8 yards, £9 6s 11d Parson's grey broadcloth, 3¾ yards, £4 17s 6d Dark brown broadcloth, 3 yards, £3 13s 6d Pompadour broadcloth, 4½ yards, £6 4s 10½d Total for broadcloth, £33 10s 11d Black silk breeches piece, 1, £1 12s 6d Sugar, 1,421 lb, £31 10s 7d Sugar candy, 447 lb, £13 0s 9d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £44 11s 4d Flour, 745 lb, £9 6s 3d Rice, 3 cwt 2 qr 19 lb, £3 14s 4d Bohea tea, [...], £2 0s 0d Congou tea, [...], £9 18s 0d Singlo tea, [...], £1 10s 4d Total for tea, £13 8s 4d Salt, 2½ bushels, £0 10s 10d Candles, 95 lb, £12 13s 6d Florence oil, 2 bottles, £0 7s 5d Train oil, 7¾ gallons, £1 16s 2d Linseed oil, ½ gallon, £0 2s 10d Total for oil, £2 6s 5d Soap, 124 lb, £7 13s 4d Coffee, 9 lb, £0 10s 6d Starch, 1 lb, £0 0s 10d Cordage, 72½ lb, £1 14s 9d Carried over, £134 6s 4d Interpretations By the second quarter of 1771 the Company was charging the planters 40 per cent on sugar, tea, candles, oil and soap, staples it had sold them at only 10 per cent the year before. Only cloth and a few small items still went at 25 per cent. The change answered the drought and the shortages of the winter. The Company now kept its cheapest prices for its own servants and charged the planters close to what the private traders asked. Even so, the planters bought far more than before, at £134 6s 4d so far in the quarter against £34 0s 7d in the last quarter of 1770. With their own crops failing, they had nowhere else to buy. Pompadour was a crimson-purple colour named after Madame de Pompadour, the mistress of Louis XV, and fashionable in men's coats in the 1760s. | |
295 | 1771 Brought over £ 134 6 4 Twine vizt. lb. Twine 3 2 8 lb. Cotton wick 3 9 9 12 5 Bunting vizt. Yds. Red 19 19 4¾ do. Blue 16 8 4 do. White 10 7 5¼ 1 15 2 Lead vizt. lb. Sheet Lead 3 10 Small Shott 12 3 3 4 1 Pitch lb. 6 1 Arrack 5 Gallons 1 10 Corks 2 Gross 6 3 Turners Ware vizt. Mops 3 5 3 Punch Ladles 3 2 5 Buckle Brush 1 10 Hair Broom 1 3 3 11 9 Nails vizt. lb. 2 7 3 9 4 22 19 3 6 22 17 10½ 10 10 7 1 20 6 3 4½ lb. Glazg. Brads 1 2 4 Spike Nails 1 6 2 19 2 Hooks & Lines vizt. Hooks 25 No. 9 1 250 . 16 1 11 50 . 12 1 1 Hooks & Lines Carrd. over £ 4 Carrd. over £ 162 6 2 | The goods sold to the planters continued from £154 6s 4d brought over. Brought over, £154 6s 4d Twine, 3 skeins, £0 2s 8d Cotton wick, 3 lb, £0 9s 9d Total for twine and wick, £0 12s 5d Red bunting, 19 yards, £0 19s 4¾d Blue bunting, 16 yards, £0 8s 4d White bunting, 10 yards, £0 7s 5¼d Total for bunting, £1 15s 2d Sheet lead, 3 lb, £0 0s 10d Small shot, 12 lb, £0 3s 3d Total for lead, £0 4s 1d Pitch, 6 lb, £0 1s 0d Arrack, 5 gallons, £1 10s 0d Corks, 2 gross, £0 6s 3d Mops, 3, £0 5s 3d Punch ladles, 3, £0 2s 5d Bottle brush, 1, £0 0s 10d Hair broom, 1, £0 3s 3d Total for turned ware, £0 11s 9d Twopenny nails, 7 lb, £0 8s 9d Fourpenny nails, 22 lb, £0 19s 3d Sixpenny nails, 22 lb, £0 17s 10½d Tenpenny nails, 10 lb, £0 7s 1d Twentypenny nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 4½d Glazing brads, 1 lb, £0 2s 4d Spike nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 6d Total for nails, £2 19s 2d Fish hooks, number 9 size, 25, £0 1s 0d Fish hooks, number 16 size, 250, £0 1s 11d Fish hooks, number 12 size, 50, £0 1s 1d Hooks and lines carried over, £0 4s 0d Carried over, £162 6s 2d Interpretations The 45 yards of red, white and blue bunting bought by planters were enough to make full-size flags. Planters with land on the coast or the heights may have been fitting out their own signal posts, at a time when the Council was strengthening the island's defences against the threat of war. | |
296 | 15th. July Brought over £ 162 6 2 Hooks & Lines brought over £ 4 Hooks 25 No. 6 2 10 25 . 7 2 1 25 . 12 4 Lines 15 Log 1 1 Hambro 2 18 No. 2 7 4½ 42 . 3 1 1½ 2 18 9 Iron Ware vizt. Sheets Sand Paper 6 9 Hand Hatchet 1 2 9½ Pr. Sheep Sheers 1 2 2 Splinter Locks 2 1 5 Pr. HL. Hinges 2 8 2 doz. Wood Screws 7 3 6 Files 2 1 6 Wire Rat Traps 2 17 8½ Sail Needles 50 2 1 Bell Rasps do. 4 8 2 9 Cuttlery vizt. Shoe Knife 1 6 Buckling Combs 2 11 1 5 Tin Ware vizt. Pt. Saucepans 6 4 3 Pt. Funnel 1 9 Horn Lanthorn 1 4 11 Small Tin Lamp 1 1 5 11 4 China Ware vizt. Chamb. Pots 1 2 10 Bowls 4 4 4 Sneakers 6 1 9 half Pt. Cups & Saucers 6 4 8 13 7 Carrd. over £ 168 12 | The goods sold to the planters continued from £162 6s 2d brought over. Brought over, £162 6s 2d Hooks and lines brought over, £0 4s 0d Fish hooks, number 6 size, 25, £0 2s 10d Fish hooks, number 7 size, 25, £0 2s 1d Fish hooks, number 12 size, 25, £0 0s 4d Log lines, 15, £1 0s 0d Hamburg line, 1, £0 2s 0d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 18, £0 7s 4½d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 42, £1 0s 1½d Total for hooks and lines, £2 18s 9d Sandpaper, 6 sheets, £0 0s 9d Hand hatchet, 1, £0 2s 9½d Sheep shears, 1 pair, £0 2s 2d [...] locks, 2, £0 1s 5d H-hinges, 2 pairs, £0 8s 2d Wood screws, 7 dozen, £0 3s 6d Files, 2, £0 1s 6d Wire rat traps, 2, £0 17s 8½d Sail needles, 50, £0 2s 1d Bell ropes, 4, £0 0s 8d Total for ironware, £2 0s 9d Shoe knife, 1, £0 0s 6d Buckling combs, 2, £0 0s 11d Total for cutlery, £0 1s 5d Two-pint saucepans, 6, £0 4s 3d Two-pint funnel, 1, £0 0s 9d Horn lantern, 1, £0 4s 11d Small tin lamp, 1, £0 1s 5d Total for tinware, £0 11s 4d China chamber pot, 1, £0 2s 10d China bowls, 4, £0 4s 4d China sneakers, 6, £0 1s 9d Half-pint china cups and saucers, 6 sets, £0 4s 8d Total for china, £0 13s 7d Carried over, £168 12s 0d | |
297 | 1771 Brought over £ 168 12 Deals vizt. Double Deals 8 1 18 8 Single do. 8 1 2 4 3 1 Paint vizt. lb. Indico 1 2 5½ Whiting 6 3 Paprs. Blacking 6 6 9½ White Lead dry 3 1 13 6 Pewter 4 Basons 15 8 Earthenware 1 Cream Cold. Teapot 2 size 1 8 Glass ware vizt. Wine Glasses 12 7 6 Tumblers 2 1 10 Beer Glasses 2 2 7½ Pint Decanters 2 5 1½ 17 1 Braziers Ware vizt. Pr. Spring Steel Snuffers 1 4 1 Five Pt. Tea Kettle 1 1 3 6 1 7 7 £ 175 8 6 Sold to the Honble. Company's Ships from the 1st. April to the 30th. June 1771 Pitch & Tar vizt. Barls. Pitch 11 17 4 8 do. Tar 21 32 7 6 lb. Rosin 535 6 13 9 Barl. 236 Turpentine 1 7 17 7 64 3 6 Carried over £ 64 3 6 | The goods sold to the planters continued from £168 12s 0d brought over. Brought over, £168 12s 0d Double deals, 8, £1 18s 8d Single deals, 8, £1 2s 4d Total for deals, £3 1s 0d Indigo, 1 lb, £0 2s 5½d Whiting, 6 lb, £0 0s 3d Blacking, 6 bottles, £0 6s 9½d Dry white lead, 8 lb, £0 4s 0d Total for paint, £0 13s 6d Pewter basins, 4, £0 15s 8d Second-size cream-coloured teapot, 1, £0 1s 8d Wine glasses, 12, £0 7s 6d Tumblers, 2, £0 1s 10d Beer glasses, 2, £0 2s 7½d Pint decanters, 2, £0 5s 1½d Total for glass, £0 17s 1d Spring steel snuffers, 1 pair, £0 4s 1d Two-quart tea kettle, 1, £1 3s 6d Total for brass and copper ware, £1 7s 7d Total sold to the planters, £175 8s 6d The goods sold to the Company's ships from 1 April to 30 June 1771 began as follows. Pitch, 11 barrels, £17 4s 8d Tar, 21 barrels, £32 7s 6d Rosin, 535 lb, £6 13s 9d Turpentine, 1 barrel weighing 236 lb, £7 17s 7d Total for pitch, tar and turpentine, £64 3s 6d Carried over, £64 3s 6d Interpretations The planters' purchases for the quarter reached £175 8s 6d, five times the £34 0s 7d of the last quarter of 1770. Half of it went on sugar, cloth and candles bought at the new 40 per cent rate. The ships, by contrast, bought naval stores: 32 barrels of pitch and tar and over 500 lb of rosin in a single quarter. After months at sea, the homeward Indiamen needed their seams and rigging resealed before the Atlantic passage. The island's store of naval supplies served them as a dockyard would. | |
298 | 15th. July Brought over £ 64 3 6 Oil vizt. G. Linseed 145 41 8 2 do. Train 25 5 14 7 do. Oil Turpentine 4½ 1 5 9 48 8 6 Cordage lb. 2163 51 16 5 Flour lb. 2635 32 18 9 Nails vizt. Copper Rivets 31 1 4 5 Glazg. Brads 1 2 4 lb. 2 4 5 3 18 19 6 4 24 1 1 1 6 27 1 2 1 10 24 17 20 12 5 3 40 4 2 Scupper 3 6 4 Dog 10 9 10 6 15 3 Hooks & Lines vizt. Lines 216 No. 2 4 11 6 87 . 3 2 3 12 Log 18 8 Hooks 873 No. 14 11 8 150 . 15 1 7¼ 25 . 7 2 1¼ 250 . 16 2 6 25 . 6 2 10 25 . 9 1 ½ 8 12 2 Iron Ware vizt. Files 6 4 6 Rubber do. 1 8 2 Spring Rat Traps 2 4 4 17 Carrd. over £ 213 7 11 | The goods sold to the Company's ships continued from £64 3s 6d brought over. Brought over, £64 3s 6d Linseed oil, 145 gallons, £41 8s 2d Train oil, 25 gallons, £5 14s 7d Oil of turpentine, 4½ gallons, £1 5s 9d Total for oil, £48 8s 6d Cordage, 2,163 lb, £51 16s 5d Flour, 2,635 lb, £32 18s 9d Coopers' rivets, 31 lb, £1 4s 5d Glazing brads, 1 lb, £0 2s 4d Twopenny nails, 4 lb, £0 5s 0d Threepenny nails, 18 lb, £0 19s 6d Fourpenny nails, 24 lb, £1 1s 1d Sixpenny nails, 37 lb, £1 2s 1d Tenpenny nails, 24 lb, £0 17s 0d Twentypenny nails, 12 lb, £0 5s 3d Fortypenny nails, 4 lb, £0 2s 0d Scupper nails, 3 lb, £0 6s 4d Dog nails, 10 lb, £0 9s 10d Total for nails, £6 15s 3d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 216, £4 11s 6d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 81, £2 0s 3d Log lines, 12, £0 18s 8d Fish hooks, number 14 size, 875, £0 11s 8d Fish hooks, number 15 size, 150, £0 1s 7¼d Fish hooks, number 7 size, 25, £0 2s 1¼d Fish hooks, number 16 size, 250, £0 2s 6d Fish hooks, number 6 size, 25, £0 2s 10d Fish hooks, number 9 size, 25, £0 1s 0½d Total for hooks and lines, £8 12s 2d Files, 6, £0 4s 6d Rubber files, 11, £0 8s 2d Spring rat traps, 2, £0 4s 4d Total for ironware, £0 17s 0d Carried over, £213 7s 11d Interpretations The ships bought 145 gallons of linseed oil and over 2,000 lb of cordage, the materials for repainting hulls and renewing rigging before the long passage home. They also took 2,635 lb of flour, more than the planters were allowed at any price, because a ship running short of bread at sea had no alternative. Scupper nails were short broad-headed nails used to fix leather flaps over the scuppers, the drain holes in a ship's side, so that seawater could not wash in. | |
299 | 1771 Brought over £ 213 7 11 Paint vizt. Parls. Blacking 132 7 8 6 lb. Brimstone 17 2 4 Yell. Oaker dry 20 5 Red Lead 142 2 1 8 W. Lead dry 140 3 14 8 Prussian Blue ½ 17 4 Verdigrease 5 1 12 11 Vermillion 1 7 10 18 11 11 Pewter 1 Cullender 12 6 Lead lb. Shott 6 1 9 Coals 2 Chaldron 6 Beef & Pork vizt. Tierces Beef 10 69 6 8 do. Pork 10 73 3 4 142 10 Canvas Ps. Yds. 5.3 English 18 15 8 Twine vizt. lb. Sail Twine 209 9 7 9 lb. Cotton wick 2 6 6 lb. Marline 12 4 5 9 18 8 Tin-Ware 76 Lanthorn Leaves 1 Turners ware vizt. Mops 3 5 3 Paint Brushes 14 10 6 15 9 Glass ware vizt. Sqrs. 11 by 17½ 5 9 7 Sqrs. 10 by 12 16 1 5 4 1 14 11 Kersey 4 Yds. Baize 10 1 £ 414 2 10 | The goods sold to the Company's ships continued from £213 7s 11d brought over. Brought over, £213 7s 11d Blacking, 132 bottles, £7 8s 6d Brimstone, 17 lb, £0 2s 4d Dry yellow ochre, 20 lb, £0 5s 0d Red lead, 142 lb, £2 1s 8d Dry white lead, 140 lb, £3 14s 3d Prussian blue, ½ lb, £0 17s 4d Verdigris, 5 lb, £1 12s 11d Vermilion, 1 lb, £0 7s 10d Total for paint, £15 11s 11d Pewter colander, 1, £0 12s 6d Lead shot, 6 lb, £0 1s 9d Coals, 2 chaldrons, £6 0s 0d Salt beef, 10 tierces, £69 6s 8d Salt pork, 10 tierces, £73 3s 4d Total for beef and pork, £142 10s 0d English canvas, 5 pieces 3 yards, £18 15s 8d Twine, 209 skeins, £9 7s 9d Cotton wick, 2 lb, £0 6s 6d Marline, 12 skeins, £0 4s 5d Total for twine, £9 18s 8d Tin lantern leaves, [...], £1 0s 0d Mops, 3, £0 5s 3d Paint brushes, 14, £0 10s 6d Total for turned ware, £0 15s 9d Window glass, 11 by 17½ inches, 5 squares, £0 9s 7d Window glass, 10 by 12 inches, 16 squares, £1 5s 4d Total for glass, £1 14s 11d Kersey, 4 yards, £0 10s 1d Total sold to the ships, £414 2s 10d Interpretations The ships bought 20 tierces of salt beef and pork, close to £142 10s 0d of provisions. A tierce was a cask holding about a third of a ton of salted meat in brine. The Council had cut the ships' allowance of fresh beef because of the drought. Salt meat from the island's stores made up the shortfall in their sea provisions for the voyage home. Marline was a thin two-stranded cord, tarred and used to bind the ends of ropes so they would not unravel. A chaldron was a large measure of coal, about a ton and a quarter. | |
300 | 15th. July Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st. April to the 30 June 1771 Candles vizt. 318 Castle 120 Council 30 Chaplain 25 Docts. Shop 1 Secy. Office 494 56 12 1 Sope lb. for Linnen 30 2 12 6 Coals 105 Bush. Armr. Shop 6 15 7 Cordage 280 for Crane Ropes, Bell Rope, & Store use 4 7 6 Arrack 30 Galls. for Men employed in Stores Lt. Ho. Shop & Lead. 13 6 8 Starch lb. for Linnen 10 5 10 Candy lb. for Green Yard & Docts. Shop 104 2 3 4 Paint vizt. lb. Indico 6 10 4½ Blue Smalts 3 5 2½ for Linnen Chalk for Carpts. & Lapers Shop 54 2 3 Whiting Castle 12 2½ White Ld. ground for Church Yard 6 2 1½ 1 2 Oil vizt. G. Train for Castle & Lt. G. House 22 3 13 4 Botts. Florence for Doctors & Smiths Shops 5 13 3 4 11 7 Nails vizt. lb. 3 1 6 . 2 for Pack. Boxes 9 9 5 1½ Copper Rivets Coopers Shop 16 8 3 lb. 4 Store use 1½ 7½ 15 2 Carried Over £ 92 10 5 | The storekeeper next set out the stores issued from 1 April to 30 June 1771 and charged to the Company's general expenses. Candles for the Castle, 318 lb Candles for the Council, 120 lb Candles for the chaplain, 30 lb Candles for the doctor's shop, 25 lb Candles for the secretary's office, 1 lb Total for candles, 494 lb, £56 12s 1d Soap for laundering linen, 90 lb, £2 12s 6d Coals for the armourer's shop, 105 bushels, £6 15s 7d Cordage for crane ropes, bell ropes and the stores' use, 230 lb, £4 7s 6d Arrack for men employed in the stores, the doctor's shop and other places, 80 gallons, £13 6s 8d Starch for laundering linen, 10 lb, £0 5s 10d Sugar candy for the groom, the gardener and the doctor's shop, 104 lb, £2 3s 4d Indigo for laundering linen, 6 lb, £0 10s 4½d Blue smalts for laundering linen, 3 lb, £0 5s 2½d Chalk for the smiths' and coopers' shops, 54 lb, £0 2s 3d Whiting for the Castle, 12 lb, £0 0s 2½d Mixed white lead for the churchyard, 6 lb, £0 2s 1½d Total for paint, £1 0s 2d Train oil for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 22 gallons, £3 13s 4d Florence oil for the doctor's shop and the smiths' shop, 5 bottles, £0 18s 3d Total for oil, £4 11s 7d Threepenny nails for packet boxes, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d Twopenny nails for packet boxes, 6 lb, £0 5s 1½d Coopers' rivets for the coopers' shop, 16 lb, £0 8s 3d Fourpenny nails for the stores' use, 1 lb, £0 0s 7½d Total for nails, £0 15s 2d Carried over, £92 10s 5d Interpretations The Castle burned 318 lb of candles in three months, nearly double the 180 lb of the last quarter of 1770. The extra light went to the long winter evenings and to the heavy entertaining of the homeward season, when commanders, passengers and the officers of the King's ships dined at the Governor's table. | |
301 | 1771 Brought over £ 92 10 5 Hooks & Lines vizt. for the Govr. & Lieut. Govr. Fishermen 36 No. Lines 12 3 12 2 do. 3 6 2 Log do. 2 150 No. 7 Hooks 3 11 125 12 do. 2 3 50 15 4 1 9 3 China Ware vizt. Castle 3 Sets Octagon Dishes & Plates 3 6 36 Soup do. 17 6 6 Sallad Dishes 4 6 1 Tea Pot 3 10 Bowls 13 4 6 Sneakers 2 3 doz. half Pt. Cups & Saucers 1 2 doz. Pt. do. & do. 5 4 40 Octagon Meat Plates 1 2 3 Tureens & Dishes 1 8 4 Turners Ware vizt. Castle 1 Platter 1 2½ 2 Flaskets 4 7 14 Mops 17 6 6 Scrubg. Brushes 15 4 6 Hair Brooms 15 9 4 Shoe Brushes 3 6 Punch Ladles 3 4½ 3 large flat Baskets with Tin 1 1 3 3 Small do. do. 19 9 6 Birch Brooms 2 6 5 4 3 Carrd. over £ 107 8 4 | The stores charged to general expenses continued from £92 10s 5d brought over. Brought over, £92 10s 5d Fishing lines, number 2 size, for the Governor's and Lieutenant Governor's fishermen, 36, £0 12s 3d Fishing lines, number 3 size, for the same, 12, £0 3s 6d Log lines for the same, 2, £0 2s 0d Fish hooks, number 9 size, for the same, 150, £0 3s 11d Fish hooks, number 12 size, for the same, 125, £0 2s 3d Fish hooks, number 15 size, for the same, 50, £0 0s 4d Total for hooks and lines, £1 4s 3d Sets of octagonal china dishes and plates for the Castle, 3, £3 0s 6d China soup plates for the Castle, 36, £0 17s 6d China salad dishes for the Castle, 6, £0 4s 6d China teapot for the Castle, 1, £0 0s 3d China bowls for the Castle, 10, £0 13s 4d China sneakers for the Castle, 6, £0 2s 0d Half-pint china cups and saucers for the Castle, 3 dozen, £1 0s 0d Quarter-pint china cups and saucers for the Castle, 2 dozen, £0 5s 4d Octagonal china meat plates for the Castle, 40, £1 0s 2d China tureens and dishes for the Castle, 3, £1 0s 0d Total for china, £8 4s 0d Platter for the Castle, 1, £0 1s 2½d Flaskets for the Castle, 2, £0 4s 7d Mops for the Castle, 14, £0 17s 6d Scrubbing brushes for the Castle, 6, £0 15s 4d Hair brooms for the Castle, 6, £0 15s 9d Shoe brushes for the Castle, 4, £0 3s 0d Punch ladles for the Castle, 6, £0 3s 4½d Large flat baskets for the Castle, 3, £1 1s 3d Small flat baskets for the Castle, 3, £0 19s 9d Birch brooms for the Castle, 6, £0 2s 6d Total for turned ware, £5 4s 3d Carried over, £107 8s 4d Interpretations The Castle took a full new service of china in the quarter: dinner sets, 40 meat plates, soup plates, tureens and five dozen cups and saucers. This was the Kent's Canton porcelain, charged to general expenses as part of the cost of the Governor's public table. The breakages of a crowded season of dinners for commanders and passengers had to be made good before the next. | |
302 | 15th. July Brought over £ 107 8 4 Iron-ware vizt. 20 Sheets Sand Paper Armrs. Shop 3 3 2 G. Padlocks for the Castle Closet 14 4 1 Hand Saw Castle 4 8½ 4 Coopers Vices Cooper use 9 4 6 Bastd. Files Armr. do. 1 15 216 Files do. & Carptrs. do. 5 8 Coopers use 2 doubl. Stocks with Springs 3 2 24 Bitts for do. 3 2 Nail Drawers 3 4 2 Coopers Cold Chizels 2 3 2 do. Punches 2 7 1 Cork Borer 3 1 Tap do. 1 1 1 Bouging Adz 3 2 Notching do. 3 3½ 2 Coopers Howels 3 10 1 Crow 9½ 2 Coopr. Drawg. Knives 3 6 2 Wood Rasps 1 1 6 Saw Files do. Armrs. use 5 6 Carptrs. Shop 1 doz. Carps. Adzes 1 11 10 1 do. Turners Chizels 4 2 1 do. Gouges 4 2 1 do. 2 feet Rules 13 24 Black Ld. Pencils 9 6 43 Small Gimblets 9 2 24 Spike do. 3 10 1 Set Engineers Augers 13 11 1 Set Sash Planes 18 6 6 Smoothing do. 12 6 Jack do. 15 4 3 Rabbet do. 6 2 Jointer do. 10 10 Iron Ware Carrd. over £ Carrd. over £ 107 8 4 | The stores charged to general expenses continued from £107 8s 4d brought over. Brought over, £107 8s 4d Sandpaper for the armourer's shop, 20 sheets, £0 3s 3d Padlocks for the Castle closets, 2, £0 14s 4d Hand saw for the Castle, 1, £0 4s 8½d Coopers' vices for the coopers' use, 4, £0 2s 4d Bastard files for the armourer's shop, 6, £1 15s 0d Files for the armourer's and carpenters' shops, 216, £5 3s 0d Double stocks with springs for the coopers' use, 2, £0 3s 2d Bits for the same, 24, £0 3s 0d Nail drawers for the coopers' use, 2, £0 3s 4d Coopers' cold chisels, 2, £0 2s 3d Coopers' punches, 2, £0 2s 7d Cock borer for the coopers' use, 1, £0 3s 0d Tap borer for the coopers' use, 1, £0 1s 1d Rounding adze for the coopers' use, 1, £0 3s 0d Notching adze for the coopers' use, 1, £0 3s 3½d Coopers' howels, 2, £0 3s 10d Croze for the coopers' use, 1, £0 0s 9½d Coopers' drawing knives, 2, £0 3s 6d Wood rasps for the coopers' use, 2, £0 1s 1d [...] for the armourer's use, 6, £0 5s 6d Carpenters' adzes for the carpenters' shop, 1 dozen, £1 11s 10d Turning chisels for the carpenters' shop, 1 dozen, £0 4s 2d Gouges for the carpenters' shop, 1 dozen, £0 4s 2d Two-foot rules for the carpenters' shop, 1 dozen, £0 13s 0d Black lead pencils for the carpenters' shop, 24, £0 9s 6d Small gimlets for the carpenters' shop, 43, £0 2s 2d Spike gimlets for the carpenters' shop, 24, £0 3s 10d Set of engineers' augers for the carpenters' shop, 1, £0 13s 11d Set of sash planes for the carpenters' shop, 1, £0 18s 6d Smoothing planes for the carpenters' shop, 6, £0 12s 0d Jack planes for the carpenters' shop, 6, £0 15s 4d Rabbet planes for the carpenters' shop, 3, £0 6s 0d Jointer planes for the carpenters' shop, 2, £0 10s 10d Ironware carried over Carried over, £107 8s 4d Interpretations The cooper's shop was fitted out afresh in the quarter, with a full set of the specialist tools of the trade. A howel was a curved plane for smoothing the inside of a cask near its ends, and a croze cut the groove into which the cask head fitted. Cock and tap borers drilled the holes for the spigot. The re-equipping coincided with Joseph Griffiths taking up the post of cooper on 1 April 1771, after John Drawwater's dismissal. The new cooper was given new tools, and perhaps the Council judged that Drawwater's had been neglected along with his duties. The carpenters' shop was likewise restocked with a full range of planes, chisels and augers for the barracks' interior work. | |
303 | 1771 Brought over £ 107 8 4 Iron Ware brought over £ 1 Mov. Philister Plane Carpts. Shop 1 Pannel do. 3 6 1 Blank Key Store use 4 4 4 Half round Wood Rasps Carpts. use 1½ 14 File Rasps Armrs. do. 2 6 7 Truss Hoops Coopers do. 1 2 9 Sheets Emery Paper 8 5 2 Pummy stones Armr. do. 11 3 doz. wood Screws Church Yard 10 2 Rag stones 1 1 Pallette Carpts. Shop 3½ 1 Stock Lock Church Yard 3 6 2 Bench Hammers Armrs. use 5 10 4 Spring Mouse Traps Castle 2 lb. Borax 1 2 5 2 Nail Hammers Armr. Shop 14 1 lb. Brass Chair Nails Castle 2 3 3½ 6 Wire Rat Traps do. 5 1 17 9 23 9 8 Iron lb. 142 for Ladder Hill & Ch. Yard 1 9 7 Glass ware vizt. Castle 4 doz. Wine Glasses 1 1 4 18 Tumblers 11 7½ 10 Beer Glasses 6 5½ 4 Qt. Decanters 10 2 2 9 7 Tin ware vizt. do. 2 Hand Glass Lanthorns 11 2 Qt. Sauce Pans 11½ 8 half G. Funnels 2 6 8 Pudding Pans 2 lb. Solder for tinning Castle Furniture 10 6 8 1 Salammoniac 3 ½ 1 Lamp with 2 Spouts Castle 1 1 7 2 Carrd. over £ 136 4 4 | The stores charged to general expenses continued from £107 8s 4d brought over. Brought over, £107 8s 4d Ironware brought over Moving fillister plane for the carpenters' shop, 1, £0 3s 6d Panel plane for the carpenters' shop, 1, £0 4s 4d Blank key for the secretary's use, 1, £0 0s 0½d Half-round wood rasps for the carpenters' use, 4, £0 2s 6d File hafts for the armourer's shop, 14, £0 1s 2d Truss hoops for the coopers' shop, 7, £0 8s 5d Emery paper for the armourer's shop, 9 sheets, £0 0s 11d Pumice stones for the armourer's shop, 2, [...] Wood screws for the churchyard, 3 dozen, £0 1s 0d Ragstones for the carpenters' shop, 2, £0 0s 3½d [...] for the carpenters' shop, 1, £0 3s 6d Stock lock for the churchyard, 1, £0 3s 10d Bench hammers for the armourer's use, 2, £0 2s 0d Spring mousetraps for the Castle, 4, £0 2s 5d Vice for the armourer's shop, 1, £0 14s 1d Nail hammers for the armourer's shop, 2, £0 3s 3½d Brass chair nails for the Castle, 2 lb, £0 5s 0d Wire rat traps for the Castle, 6, £1 17s 9d Total for ironware, £23 9s 8d Iron for Ladder Hill and the churchyard, 142 lb, £1 9s 7d Wine glasses for the Castle, 4 dozen, £1 1s 4d Tumblers for the Castle, 18, £0 11s 7½d Beer glasses for the Castle, 10, £0 6s 5½d Pint decanters for the Castle, 4, £0 10s 2d Total for glass, £2 9s 7d Hand glass lanterns for the Castle, 2, £0 11s 0d Pint saucepans for the Castle, 2, £0 0s 11½d Half-gallon funnels for the Castle, 8, £0 2s 6d Pudding pans for the Castle, 8, £0 2s 0d Solder for tinning the Castle's vessels, 10 lb, £0 6s 8d Sal ammoniac for the same, 1 lb, £0 3s 0½d Lamp with 2 spouts for the Castle, 1, £0 1s 0d Total for tinware, £1 7s 2d Carried over, £136 4s 4d Interpretations The churchyard drew iron, a stock lock, wood screws and white lead in the same quarter that Captain Tippet reported its enlargement. The burial ground was being walled, gated and locked. A fillister plane cut rebates along the edge of a board, and a moving fillister had an adjustable fence for cutting rebates of different widths, as needed for window sashes and panelled doors. Truss hoops were heavy iron rings used to draw the staves of a cask together while it was being shaped. | |
304 | 15th. July Brought over £ 136 4 4 Canvas 5⅝ Yds. Ticklenbgs. Pockets 5 Sheets vizt. 3 Ps. Huckaback for Table Linnen 14 17 3 Ps. do. for Napkins 6 12 21 9 Earthen ware vizt. Castle 2 Red Tea Pots 1st. size 5 8 4 Cream Cold. do. 2 do. 4 2 2 Milk Pans 2 10 12 8 Pewter 1 Bason Do. 3 11 Corks 6½ Gro. Do. 17 Brass work 2 Cocks Do. 7 4 Pitch & Tar vizt. Do. lb. Pitch 14 1 5 Rosin 7 1 2 2 7 Twine vizt. Do. Sk. 5 3 Cotton Wick ½ 1 1 4 1 Lead 9 Sheet Fishermen 1 8 Deals vizt. 3 Single for a Castl. Tub 5 10 1 Coffin for a Slay Woman Ladder Hill 4 3 10 1 Hats 1 Mans Fine for the Parator of the Court 17 6 Haberdashery vizt. for the Parator of the Court 6 Sk. Silk 3 4 do. Moh. 1 8 1 Yd. White Buckm. 1 1 3 doz. M. C. Bts. do. 2 2½ doz. do. B. do. 10 8 7 Carrd. over £ 162 3 9 | The stores charged to general expenses continued from £136 4s 4d brought over. Brought over, £136 4s 4d Tecklenburg canvas for packets, 5⅝ yards, £0 5s 0d Huckaback for table linen, 3 pieces, £14 17s 0d Huckaback for napkins, 3 pieces, £6 12s 0d Total for linen, £21 9s 0d Red teapots, first size, for the Castle, 2, £0 5s 8d Cream-coloured teapots, second size, for the Castle, 4, £0 4s 2d Earthenware milk pans for the Castle, 2, £0 2s 10d Total for earthenware, £0 12s 8d Pewter basin for the Castle, 1, £0 3s 11d Corks for the Castle, 6½ gross, £0 17s 0d Brass cocks for the Castle, 6, £0 7s 4d Pitch for the Castle, 14 lb, £0 1s 5d Rosin for the Castle, 7 lb, £0 1s 2d Total for pitch and rosin, £0 2s 7d Twine for the Castle, 5 skeins, £0 3s 0d Cotton wick for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 1s 1d Total for twine and wick, £0 4s 1d Sheet lead for the fishermen, 9 lb, £0 1s 8d Single deals for a bathing tub, 3, £0 5s 10d Coffin for a slave from the Hill, 1, £0 4s 3d Total for deals, £0 10s 1d Men's fine hat for the apparitor of the court, 1, £0 17s 6d Silk for the apparitor, 6 skeins, £0 3s 0d Mohair thread for the apparitor, 4 skeins, £0 1s 8d White buckram for the apparitor, 1 yard, £0 1s 1d Mohair coat buttons for the apparitor, 3 dozen, £0 2s 0d Mohair breast buttons for the apparitor, 2½ dozen, £0 0s 10d Total for haberdashery, £0 8s 7d Carried over, £162 3s 9d Interpretations The apparitor was the officer who summoned parties and witnesses to the island's court and kept order during its sittings. The Company provided his hat and the trimmings for a new coat, a uniform that marked his authority when he served summonses on soldiers and planters alike. He was being fitted out in the weeks before the quarterly sessions at which Andrew Pidcock and Stephen Smithson were to be tried for the store robbery. The coffin for a slave, charged to general expenses, shows that the Company paid for the burial of its own slaves. | |
305 | 1771 Brought over £ 162 3 9 Serge vizt. 7½ Yds. Blue for the Parator of ye Court 1 19 2 2½ do. Green for covering Tables in the Castle 11 9 2 10 11 Shalloon 7 Yds. Coloured for the Castle & Parator of the Court 12 6 Long Cloth vizt. 4 Yds. W. for the Parator of the Court 3 4 2 Ps. No. 4 for the Castle 2 17 3 4 Blocks 1 Single of 8 Inches Storeuse 1 4 Grindstones 1 Carpenters do. 2 9 Tea lb. Bohea for Groom & Gardiner 6 4 3 £ 168 15 10 Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st. April to 30 June 1771 Lead 130 Sheet for Lieut. Govr. House 1 4 4 Deals vizt. for use of the Compt. House 4 Single 7 10 12 Baulk 4 6 12 4 Nails lb. 2 for do. 1 1 Iron ware vizt. 3 Blank Keys for the Castle & Lt. Ho. 1 10½ 2 Pr. HL. Hinges Castle 5 10½ 7 9 Paint vizt. for Lt. Govr. House lb. Wt. Lead dry 39 13 Whiting 14 4 13 4 Glass ware 4 Sqrs. 8 by 10 Castle 2 £ 3 10 | The stores charged to general expenses continued from £162 3s 9d brought over. Brought over, £162 3s 9d Blue serge for the apparitor of the court, 7½ yards, £1 9s 2d Green serge for covering tables in the Castle, 2½ yards, £0 11s 9d Total for serge, £2 0s 11d Coloured shalloon for the Castle and the apparitor of the court, 7 yards, £0 12s 6d Long cloth, grade N, for the apparitor of the court, 4 yards, £0 3s 4d Long cloth, number 4 grade, for the Castle, 2 pieces, £2 17s 0d Total for long cloth, £3 0s 4d Single 8-inch blocks for the stores' use, [...], £0 1s 4d Grindstones for the carpenters' shop, 2, £0 2s 9d Bohea tea for the groom and the gardener, 6 lb, £0 4s 3d Total charged to general expenses, £168 15s 10d The stores issued for repairs from 1 April to 30 June 1771 were as follows. Sheet lead for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 130 lb, £1 4s 4d Single deals for repairs to the Company's houses, 4, £0 7s 10d Balk for the same, ½, £0 4s 6d Total for deals, £0 12s 4d Nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 1s 1d Blank keys for the Castle and the Plantation House, 3, £0 1s 10½d H-hinges for the Castle, 2 pairs, £0 5s 10½d Total for ironware, £0 7s 9d Dry white lead for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 39 lb, £0 13s 0d Whiting for the same, 14 lb, £0 0s 4d Total for paint, £0 13s 4d Window glass, 8 by 10 inches, for the Castle, 4 squares, £0 2s 0d Total for repairs, £3 0s 10d Interpretations General charges for the quarter came to £168 15s 10d. That was more than double the £68 9s 4d of the first three months of 1771. Almost all of the rise came from the Castle's housekeeping in the busiest shipping season of the year. Candles, china, table linen and glass replaced what the Governor's public table had used up. A new set of coopers' and carpenters' tools went to the Company's shops. The regular repairs to the Company's buildings, by contrast, cost only £3 0s 10d. | |
306 | 15th. July Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st. April to the 30th. June 1771 Flour lb. 1072 13 7 Arrack 48 G. 24 13 4 Beef & Pork vizt. Ps. Beef 62 10 8 Ps. Pork 62 7 4 2 17 12 8 Rice lb. 196 3 9 2 Salt 1½ Bushels 4 6 Pepper lb. 10 5 Pease ½ Bushel 4 1 Oil 6 Botts. Florence 15 11 Tea vizt. lb. Singlo 6 7 9 Bohea 4 2 10 10 7 Sugar & Candy vizt. lb. Candy 398 8 5 10 Sugar 264 3 17 12 2 10 £ 73 5 1 Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st. April to 30 June 1771 Soldiers Cloaths vizt. to Cloth the Garrison 404 Sold. Coats 403 Pr. do. Breeches 595 13 10 7 Corpls. C. & B. do. 26 2 1 23 Serjs. C. & B. 120 3 6 14 Drums. C. & B. 47 14 4 4 Adjt. Serj. C. & B. 20 5 Soldiers Cloaths Carrd. over £ 809 18 9 | The storekeeper then listed the stores issued for the Company's table from 1 April to 30 June 1771. Flour, 16 cwt 2 qr, £13 7s 0d Arrack, 148 gallons, £24 13s 4d Salt beef, 62 pieces, £10 8s 0d Salt pork, 62 pieces, £7 4s 2d Total for beef and pork, £17 12s 2d Rice, 496 lb, £3 9s 2d Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 4s 6d Pepper, 10 lb, £0 5s 0d Pease, ½ bushel, £0 4s 1d Florence oil, 6 bottles, £0 15s 11d Singlo tea, 6 lb, £0 7s 9d Bohea tea, 4 lb, £0 2s 10d Total for tea, £0 10s 7d Sugar candy, 398 lb, £8 5s 10d Sugar, 264 lb, £3 17s 0d Total for sugar and sugar candy, £12 2s 10d Total for the table, £73 5s 1d The stores issued to the garrison over the same quarter began with the soldiers' clothing. Soldiers' coats, 404, issued to clothe the garrison Soldiers' breeches, 403 pairs, issued to clothe the garrison Total for soldiers' coats and breeches, £595 13s 10d Corporals' coats and breeches, 7 sets, £26 2s 1d Sergeants' coats and breeches, 23 sets, £120 3s 6d Drummers' coats and breeches, 14 sets, £47 14s 4d Artillery sergeants' coats and breeches, 4 sets, £20 5s 0d Soldiers' clothing carried over, £809 18s 9d Interpretations This was the garrison's annual clothing. More than 400 coats and pairs of breeches went out in one quarter, enough to put every private, matross, corporal, sergeant and drummer on the island into a new uniform. The Company issued the regimental coat and breeches each year at its own charge. The soldier still bought his own shirts, shoes and stockings from the stores, as the quarterly sales show. At more than £800 0s 0d, the clothing came to over a fifth of a quarter's pay for the whole garrison. It was by far the largest single issue from the stores in the year. Sergeants' and drummers' suits cost several times a private's, because they were made of finer cloth with lace, and the drummers' coats were trimmed in the reversed colours that made them easy to pick out on parade. The arrack for the Company's table rose to 148 gallons, from 98 in the first quarter. That fits the heavy entertaining recorded in the Castle's other accounts for the homeward season. | |
307 | 1771 Soldiers Cloaths brought over £ 809 18 9 to Cloth the Garrison 4 Art. Corpl. Cts. & Breeches 8 16 4 do. Bombard. C. & B. 11 18 3 Gunners C. & B. 18 10 79 Matrosses Coats 71 Pr. Breeches 136 5 11 1 Marshals Coat & B. 2 11 8 5 Watch Coats 4 2 6 12 Crimson Silk Sashes for Officers 32 12 1045 14 10 Blankets 128 for Recruits 38 18 8 Pork 420 Pr. Sixpenny in Wt. do. 19 Arrack 32 Gallons Muster Drams 5 6 8 Flour lb. 619 for Recruits 5 3 2 Candles lb. 36 for Officers on Duty 4 2 6 Oil vizt. for the Barracks & several Guards G. Train 68½ 11 7 6 do. Linseed 24 6 17 5 18 4 11 Tea lb. 29 Bohea for the sevl. Guards 1 7 Lines 12 No. 2 for Ships 3 6 Deals vizt. for Coffins & Bots. 18 Single 1 15 3 2 Double 6 10 2 2 1 Nails vizt. lb. 4 9 5 7½ 3 3 2 3½ 7 11 Canvas 9 Ps. for Cotts 11 10 Sheets vizt. 529 Soldiers 119 6 27 Serjs. 9 11 8 128 12 5 Shoes 536 Pr. Mens Ordy. 129 3 1 Hosiers ware 198 Pr. do. Ordy. Thd. Stockings 72 12 6 Carrd. over £ 1501 4 8 | The stores issued to the garrison continued with the rest of the year's clothing, from £809 18s 9d brought over. Soldiers' clothing brought over, £809 18s 9d Artillery corporals' coats and breeches, 4 sets, £8 16s 0d Artillery bombardiers' coats and breeches, 4 sets, £11 18s 0d Gunners' coats and breeches, 8 sets, £18 10s 0d Matrosses' coats, 79, and breeches, 71 pairs, £156 5s 11d Marshal's coat and breeches, 1 set, £2 11s 8d Watch coats, 5, £4 2s 6d Crimson silk sashes for officers, 12, £32 12s 0d Total for clothing the garrison, £1,045 14s 10d Blankets for recruits, 128, £38 18s 8d Salt pork to make up short weight in the rations, 420 pieces, £49 0s 0d Arrack for drams at the muster, 32 gallons, £5 6s 8d Flour for recruits, 619 lb, £5 3s 2d Candles for officers on duty, 36 lb, £4 2s 6d Train oil for the barracks and the guards, 68½ gallons, £11 7s 6d Linseed oil for the barracks and the guards, 34 gallons, £6 17s 5d Total for oil, £18 4s 11d Bohea tea for the sea guards, [...], £1 0s 7d Fishing lines, number 2 size, for making whips, 12, £0 3s 6d Single deals for coffins and cots, 18, £1 13s 3d Double deals for coffins and cots, 2, £0 6s 10d Total for deals, £2 0s 1d Fourpenny nails for coffins and cots, 9 lb, £0 5s 7½d Threepenny nails for coffins and cots, 3 lb, £0 2s 3½d Total for nails, £0 7s 11d Canvas for cots, 9 yards, £0 11s 10d Soldiers' shirts, 529, £119 0s 6d Sergeants' shirts, 27, £9 11s 8d Total for shirts, £128 12s 5d Men's ordinary shoes, 556 pairs, £129 3s 1d Men's ordinary thread stockings, 498 pairs, £77 12s 6d Carried over, £1,501 4s 8d Interpretations The annual issue went beyond the regimental coat and breeches. Every man also received shirts, a pair of shoes and a pair of stockings, charged to the garrison account. Together they came to more than £330 0s 0d. Shoes and shirts bought from the stores in other quarters were therefore replacements, which the soldier paid for himself once his yearly issue wore out. In a year of steep roads and heavy works, he wore out several pairs. The full clothing of the garrison cost the Company about £1,380 0s 0d, a third of a quarter's pay for every soldier on the island. The twelve crimson silk sashes were the officers' badge of rank, worn round the waist on duty and parade. Watch coats were heavy cloaks issued to sentries on night guard. After a winter in which the Castle guard had slept through the robbery of March 1771, the Council had cause to keep its sentries warm and awake. | |
308 | 15th. July Brought over £ 1501 4 8 Hats vizt. Marshals 1 11 6 Serjeants 25 14 14 6 Soldiers 499 71 5 86 11 Haberdashery vizt. Hair Stocks 558 20 18 6 Gro. Narrow Wosd. Lace 23 14 3 8 lb. Whale Bone 21 6 6 Cockades 82 1 9 Gro. broad worsted Lace 2 1 11 44 8 9 Thread vizt. lb. Col. 22 3 7 10 Whited Brown 9½ 3 4 6 6 12 4 Iron ware vizt. for the sevl. Guards & Barracks large Fryg. Pans 3 14 Small do. 16 1 7 1½ Hand Hatchets 6 10 3 Wood Axes 4 11 4 Ash Hoes 4 2 4½ 3 5 1 Turners ware vizt. do. Wood Bowls 21 1 2 9 Platters 18 1 1 9 2 4 6 Tin ware vizt. do. Small Lamps 17 14 10½ Hand Glass Lanthorn 1 5 6½ 1 5 Glass ware 4 Sqrs. 8 by 10 sevl. Guards 2 Shalloon 4½ Yds. Col. Adjt. Compy. 8 Iron Pots 11 Wt. lb. 198 Sevl. Guards 2 1 3 £ 1647 17 5 | The stores issued to the garrison continued from £1,501 4s 8d brought over. Brought over, £1,501 4s 8d Marshal's hat, 1, £0 11s 6d Sergeants' hats, 25, £14 14s 6d Soldiers' hats, 499, £71 5s 0d Total for hats, £86 11s 0d Hair stocks, 558, £20 18s 6d Narrow worsted lace, 23 gross, £14 3s 8d Whalebone, 21 lb, £6 6s 0d Cockades, 82, £1 9s 0d Broad worsted lace, 2 gross, £1 11s 0d Total for haberdashery, £44 8s 2d Coloured thread, 22 lb, £3 7s 10d White and brown thread, 9½ lb, £3 4s 6d Total for thread, £6 12s 4d Large frying pans for the sea guards and the barracks, 3, £0 14s 0d Small frying pans for the same, 16, £1 7s 1½d Hand hatchets for the same, 6, £0 10s 3d Wood axes for the same, 4, £0 11s 4d Axe helves for the same, 4, £0 2s 4½d Total for ironware, £3 5s 1d Wooden bowls for the same, 21, £1 2s 9d Platters for the same, 18, £1 1s 9d Total for turned ware, £2 4s 6d Small lamps for the same, 17, £0 14s 10½d Hand glass lantern for the same, 1, £0 5s 6½d Total for tinware, £1 0s 5d Window glass, 8 by 10 inches, for the guards, 4 squares, £0 2s 0d Coloured shalloon for the adjutant's company, 4½ yards, £0 8s 0d Iron pots for the sea guards, 11, weighing 198 lb, £2 1s 3d Total for the garrison, £1,647 17s 5d Interpretations The garrison's stores for the quarter came to £1,647 17s 5d, almost twenty times the £84 11s 8d of the last quarter of 1770. The difference was the annual clothing. Hats, hair stocks, lace and cockades completed the uniform issued with the coats, shirts and shoes. A cockade was a rosette of black ribbon worn on the hat, the mark of a soldier in the King's or the Company's service. The whalebone stiffened the hat brims and the soldiers' collars. Iron pots, frying pans, bowls and lamps for the sea guards and the new barracks equipped the soldiers' messes, as the men moved into quarters that had been glazed only that spring. | |
309 | 15th. July Brought over £ 1501 4 8 Hats vizt. Marshals 1 11 6 Serjeants 25 14 14 6 Soldiers 499 71 5 86 11 Haberdashery vizt. Hair Stocks 558 20 18 6 Gro. Narrow Wosd. Lace 23 14 3 8 lb. Whale Bone 21 6 6 Cockades 82 1 9 Gro. broad worsted Lace 2 1 11 44 8 9 Thread vizt. lb. Col. 22 3 7 10 Whited Brown 9½ 3 4 6 6 12 4 Iron ware vizt. for the sevl. Guards & Barracks large Fryg. Pans 3 14 Small do. 16 1 7 1½ Hand Hatchets 6 10 3 Wood Axes 4 11 4 Ash Hoes 4 2 4½ 3 5 1 Turners ware vizt. do. Wood Bowls 21 1 2 9 Platters 18 1 1 9 2 4 6 Tin ware vizt. do. Small Lamps 17 14 10½ Hand Glass Lanthorn 1 5 6½ 1 5 Glass ware 4 Sqrs. 8 by 10 sevl. Guards 2 Shalloon 4½ Yds. Col. Adjt. Compy. 8 Iron Pots 11 Wt. lb. 198 Sevl. Guards 2 1 3 £ 1647 17 5 | The storekeeper next listed the stores issued for the Company's slaves from 1 April to 30 June 1771. Rice, 18,555 lb, £109 1s 11d Salt beef, 1,425 pieces, £238 19s 8d Salt pork, 553 pieces, £64 10s 4d Total for beef and pork, £303 10s 0d Train oil for the sick, 4⅞ gallons, £0 14s 7d Sugar, 256 lb, £3 14s 8d Long cloth, grade N, ½ piece, £0 5s 0d Arrack, 72⅝ gallons, £12 2s 1d Men's ordinary shoes, 74 pairs, £17 3s 9½d Women's calf leather shoes, 30 pairs, £3 17s 6d Men's fine shoes, 3 pairs, £0 16s 6d Men's pumps, 1 pair, £0 5s 0d Men's channel pumps, 1 pair, £0 6s 0½d Total for shoes, £22 8s 10d Soap for the Lieutenant Governor's servants and [...] slaves, 10 lb, £0 5s 10d Coloured thread, 3 lb, £1 4s 8d White and brown thread, 5 lb, £1 13s 11d Total for thread, £2 18s 7d Salt, ⅓ bushel, £0 0s 9d Pepper, 3 lb, £0 1s 6d Men's ordinary thread stockings, 24 pairs, £4 6s 0d Green serge for the Governor's servants, 33 yards, £7 15s 4d Scarlet serge for the same, 2 yards, £0 11s 11d Total for serge, £8 7s 3d Scarlet shalloon for the same, 18 yards, £2 5s 4d Silk for the same, 12 skeins, £0 6s 0d Mohair thread for the same, 7 skeins, £0 2s 11d Narrow worsted lace for the same, ½ gross, £0 6s 2d Mohair coat buttons for the same, ½ dozen, £0 0s 4d Mohair breast buttons for the same, 2½ dozen, £0 0s 10d Tape for the same, 9 pieces, £0 5s 1d Total for haberdashery, £1 1s 4d Carried over, £491 3s 8d Interpretations The green serge faced with scarlet, the scarlet shalloon linings and the worsted lace were a livery for the Governor's household slaves. Dressing the servants who waited at the Castle's table and attended visitors in a uniform of the Governor's colours was a mark of rank in any great English house. On St Helena the Company paid for it as part of the cost of the public table. The fine shoes and pumps issued in the same quarter went to the same servants. The field and labouring slaves received ordinary shoes, if they received any at all. The slaves' rice fell to about 165 cwt from 212 cwt in the first quarter, as the yam crop recovered. Salt meat stayed high at almost 2,000 pieces. The Company still had to buy in most of the protein it fed to its slaves after two years of drought. | |
310 | 15th. July Brought over £ 491 3 8 Buckram 5 Yds. Govr. Servants 4 2 Canvas 7 Yds. Ticklenbgs. Do. 6 1 Chelloes 69 Ps. to cloth the Women & Children 29 18 Tea vizt. lb. Bohea 113 4 ½ Singlo 1 1 3½ 4 1 5 Camblet 5 Yds. Govr. Servts. 15 2 Kersey 10 Yds. for the Women 3 5 4 Sailors Cloaths vizt. 163 Mens Blue Duffle Jackets 55 2 16 Pr. do. Cloth Breeches 3 5 11 326 do. Checked Shirts 54 17 9½ 174 Dutch Capes 13 3 6 11 Boys Green Duffle Jackets 2 15 11 Pr. do. Blue Breeches 1 13 8 22 do. Checked Shirts 3 1 5 193 Pr. Mens long Linnen Trows. 9 17 9 30 Pr. Boys do. do. 1 13 1½ 157 4 Hooks & Lines vizt. for the Fishermen 14½ doz. No. 2 Lines 2 10 9 14½ doz. 3 do. 2 19 2 350 14 Hooks 3 3 350 3 1 5 350 16 1 10 6 15 5 Blankets 27 2 9 3 £ 718 10 Military Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st. April to the 30 June 1771 Rice lb. 322 3 9 4 Beef 26 Ps. 4 14 3 Sugar lb. 88 1 3 11 Carrd. over £ 9 7 6 | The stores issued for the Company's slaves continued from £491 3s 8d brought over. Brought over, £491 3s 8d Buckram for the Governor's servants, 5 yards, £0 4s 2d Tecklenburg canvas for the same, 7 yards, £0 6s 1d Chelloes to clothe the women and children, 64 pieces, £29 18s 0d Bohea tea, 11½ lb, £4 0s 0½d Singlo tea, 1 lb, £0 1s 3½d Total for tea, £4 1s 5d Camlet for the Governor's servants, 5 yards, £0 15s 2d Kersey for the women, 10 yards, £3 5s 4d Men's blue duffle jackets, 163, £55 0s 2d Men's cloth breeches, 16 pairs, £31 5s 11d Men's checked shirts, 326, £54 17s 9½d Dutch caps, 174, £13 3s 6d Boys' green duffle jackets, 11, £2 15s 0d Boys' blue breeches, 11 pairs, £1 13s 8d Boys' checked shirts, 22, £3 1s 5d Men's long linen drawers, 149 pairs, £9 17s 9d Boys' long linen drawers, 30 pairs, £1 13s 1½d Total for sailors' clothing, £173 7s 4d Fishing lines, number 2 size, for the fishermen, 14½ dozen, £2 10s 9d Fishing lines, number 3 size, for the fishermen, 14½ dozen, £2 19s 2d Fish hooks, number 14 size, for the fishermen, 350, £0 3s 3d Fish hooks, number 9 size, for the fishermen, 350, £1 0s 5d Fish hooks, number 16 size, for the fishermen, 350, £0 1s 10d Total for hooks and lines, £6 15s 5d Blankets, 27, £8 4s 3d Total for the slaves, £718 0s 10d The stores issued to the Malays from 1 April to 30 June 1771 began as follows. Rice, 342 lb, £3 9s 4d Salt beef, 26 pieces, £4 14s 3d Sugar, 88 lb, £1 3s 11d Carried over, £9 7s 6d Interpretations The male slaves were clothed once a year in sailors' slops: ready-made blue duffle jackets, checked shirts, linen drawers and knitted Dutch caps, the cheap stock clothing sold to seamen in English ports. Buying them by the hundred from London was cheaper than making clothes on the island. It also gave the Company's slaves a uniform appearance that marked them out from free labourers. The women and children were clothed differently, in Indian chelloes and coarse kersey, cut and sewn on the island. With the soldiers' clothing in the same quarter, the Company dressed nearly everyone in its service, free or enslaved, from its own stores. The slaves' share of the quarter's stores came to £718 0s 10d, the largest single head after the garrison. Their food and clothing cost the Company more than the wages of its civil servants, and almost all of it was shipped in from India, China and England. | |
311 | 1771 Brought over £ 9 7 6 Sope lb. 16 9 4 Candles lb. 20 1 16 8 Coffee lb. 4 3 4 Oil 3 Botts. Florence 7 11 Salt ½ Bushel 1 5 Starch lb. 2 1 2 Paint lb. 3 Indico 5 3 Shoes vizt. Pr. Mens fine 7 1 18 6 Pr. do. Pumps 1 5 2 3 6 Arrack 1 Gallon 3 4 Tea vizt. lb. Bohea 8 5 6 Singlo 2 6 11 12 5 Tin ware 1 Horn Lanthorn 3 6 Pewter vizt. Chamber Pot 1 2 10 Basons 2 7 9 10 7 £ 16 5 11 Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st. April to the 30th. June 1771 Rice & Paddy vizt. lb. Rice for Cows Poultry & Slaves 614 4 6 7½ Paddy for do. & Horses 7422 16 2 ½ 20 8 8 Beef 13 Ps. for the Steward 2 7 8 Iron ware vizt. for the Garden Sythes 2 10 10 Sy. Stones 36 8 3 Iron ware Carrd. over £ 19 1 Carrd. over £ 22 16 4 | The Malays' account continued from £9 7s 6d brought over. Brought over, £9 7s 6d Soap, 16 lb, £0 9s 4d Candles, 20 lb, £1 16s 8d Coffee, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d Florence oil, 2 bottles, £0 7s 11d Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 5d Starch, 2 lb, £0 1s 2d Indigo, 2 lb, £0 5s 3d Men's fine shoes, 7 pairs, £1 18s 6d Men's pumps, 1 pair, £0 5s 0d Total for shoes, £2 3s 6d Arrack, 1 gallon, £0 3s 4d Bohea tea, 8 lb, £0 5s 6d Singlo tea, 2 lb, £0 6s 11d Total for tea, £0 12s 5d Horn lantern, 1, £0 3s 6d Pewter chamber pot, 1, £0 2s 10d Pewter basins, 2, £0 7s 9d Total for pewter, £0 10s 7d Total for the Malays, £16 5s 11d The stores issued to the Company's plantation from 1 April to 30 June 1771 began as follows. Rice for the cows, poultry and slaves, 614 lb, £4 6s 7½d Unhusked rice for the same and the horses, 7,422 lb, £16 2s 0½d Total for rice and unhusked rice, £20 8s 8d Salt beef for the steward, 13 pieces, £2 7s 8d Scythes for the garden, 2, £0 10s 10d Scythe stones for the garden, 36, £0 8s 3d Ironware carried over, £0 19s 1d Carried over, £22 16s 4d Interpretations The Malays were issued fine shoes and pumps, not the ordinary shoes given to the Company's slaves. That bore out what Fort Marlborough's letter of March 1771 made plain. Nakhoda Pocalun and his companions were men of standing held in exile, and the Company maintained them accordingly while it waited for the Directors' word on his return home. | |
312 | 15th. July Brought over £ Iron ware brought over £ 19 1 for the Plantation Gardens & Stables Sheets Sand Paper 3 3 Spades 6 1 2 6 Helves for Hand Hoes 6 3 10½ Pickaxes 4 14 Hand Hatchet 1 1 8½ Sheets Emery Paper 2 3 3 1 8 Leather 1 Calf Skin for Bridles 11 Oil 7 G. Train for the Stables 1 8 Lines 6 No. 2 for the Gardens 2 3 Turnery 7 Birch Brooms do. 2 11 Cordage lb. 13 for Long Wood 4 1 £ 26 19 11 Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st. April to 30th. June 1771 Turners Ware vizt. Birch Brooms Artly. use 6 2 6 Hair do. Out Guards 3 7 10½ Sab. Baskets Sandy Bay 6 7 4½ 17 9 Oil vizt. Bott. Florence Artly. use 1 2 7¾ G. Train Sandy Bay ¾ 2 6 do. Linseed for Gun Carriages 4 16 2 do. Turpentine ½ 2 1¼ 1 3 5 Iron Ware vizt. Claw Hammer Artly. use 1 3 2 Pr. Sheep Shears do. 1 1 9 Pad Locks Lime House 5 8 5¼ Sail Needles for mend. S. Bags 24 2 6 Iron ware Carrd. over £ 15 10¼ Carrd. over £ 2 1 2 | The stores issued to the plantation continued from £22 16s 4d brought over. Brought over, £22 16s 4d Ironware brought over, £0 19s 1d Sandpaper for the plantation, gardens and stables, 3 sheets, £0 0s 3d Spades for the same, 6, £1 2s 6d Handles for garden hoes for the same, 6, £0 3s 10½d Pickaxes for the same, 4, £0 14s 0d Hand hatchet for the same, 1, £0 1s 8½d Emery paper for the same, 2 sheets, £0 0s 3d Total for ironware, £3 1s 8d Calfskin for bridles, 1, £0 11s 0d Train oil for the stables, ½ gallon, £0 1s 8d Fishing lines, number 2 size, for the gardens, 6, £0 2s 3d Birch brooms for the gardens, 7, £0 2s 11d Cordage for Longwood, 13 lb, £0 4s 1d Total for the plantation, £26 19s 11d The stores issued for the fortifications from 1 April to 30 June 1771 began as follows. Birch brooms for the artillery's use, 6, £0 2s 6d Hair brooms for the outguards, 3, £0 7s 10½d Labourers' baskets for Sandy Bay, 6, £0 7s 4½d Total for turned ware, £0 17s 9d Florence oil for the artillery's use, 1 bottle, £0 2s 7¾d Train oil for Sandy Bay, ¾ gallon, £0 2s 6d Linseed oil for the gun carriages, 4 gallons, £0 16s 2d Oil of turpentine for the same, ½ gallon, £0 2s 1¼d Total for oil, £1 3s 5d Claw hammer for the artillery's use, 1, £0 3s 2d Sheep shears for the artillery's use, 1 pair, £0 1s 9d Padlocks for the lime house, 5, £0 8s 5¼d Sail needles for mending lime bags, 24, £0 2s 6d Ironware carried over, £0 15s 10¼d Carried over, £2 1s 2d | |
313 | 1771 Brought over £ 2 1 2 Iron Ware brought over £ 15 10¼ Pick Axes Sandy Bay 11 1 18 6 Ash Hoes do. 11 5 9 Blank Key Artly. use 1 7¼ 3 9 Twine 45 Sks. for mendg. Lime Bags & Artily. use 1 7 3 Candles lb. for mendg. Lime Bags 2 4 Lines 6 No. 3 for Flags 2 1 Thread lb. Coloured Artly. use 3 1 Cordage lb. 18 Sandy Bay 5 8 Paint vizt. Chalk for Masons 12 6 W. Lead mixed 20 7 1 paintg. Gun Carriages Barls. Blackg. 4 3 2 Copperas ½ 1 11 4 Nails vizt. for mendg. Wheel Barrows lb. 4 6 3 9 3 2 1 6 Dog 6 3 11 9 2 £ 8 2 10 Leward Valleys Dr. for the followg. Stores Issued from 1st. April to 30 June 1771 Turners ware vizt. Wood Bowls 5 5 5 Platters 5 6 ½ Sab. Baskets 13 11 1½ 1 2 6 Carried Over £ 1 2 6 | The stores issued for the fortifications continued from £2 1s 2d brought over. Brought over, £2 1s 2d Ironware brought over, £0 15s 10¼d Pickaxes for Sandy Bay, 11, £1 18s 6d Axe helves for Sandy Bay, 11, £0 5s 9d Blank key for the artillery's use, 1, £0 0s 7¾d Total for ironware, £3 0s 9d Twine for mending lime bags and the artillery's use, 45 skeins, £1 7s 3d Candles for mending lime bags, 1 lb, £0 2s 4d Fishing lines, number 3 size, for flags, 6, £0 2s 1d Coloured thread for the artillery's use, 1 lb, £0 3s 1d Cordage for Sandy Bay, 18 lb, £0 5s 8d Chalk for the masons, 12 lb, £0 0s 6d Mixed white lead for painting gun carriages, 20 lb, £0 7s 1d Blacking for the same, 4 bottles, £0 3s 2d Copperas for the same, ½ lb, £0 0s 7d Total for paint, £0 11s 4d Fourpenny nails for mending wheelbarrows, 6 lb, £0 3s 9d Threepenny nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d Dog nails for the same, 6 lb, £0 3s 11d Total for nails, £0 9s 2d Total for the fortifications, £8 2s 10d The stores issued for the leeward valleys from 1 April to 30 June 1771 began as follows. Wooden bowls, 5, £0 5s 5d Platters, 5, £0 6s 0½d Labourers' baskets, 13, £0 11s 0½d Total for turned ware, £1 2s 6d Carried over, £1 2s 6d Interpretations The leeward valleys now had an account of their own in the storekeeper's books, separate from the general fortifications. The walls at Thompson's, Old Woman's and Friar's gullies were a distinct work, ordered after the Secret Committee's warnings, and the Council wanted their cost shown apart for the Directors. The bowls and platters were for the work parties, who stayed out on the coast below the cliffs far from the barracks. | |
314 | 15th. July Brought over £ 1 2 6 Iron Ware vizt. Wood Ax 1 2 10 Ash Helves 16 9 4 Masons Hammers 2 6 8 Small Fryg. Pan 1 1 11½ Sythe Stones 2 5½ Shovels 6 1 7 3 Brick Layers Trowels 3 4 1¼ 2 12 7 Iron & Steel vizt. lb. Iron 404 4 4 2 Steel 44 14 8 4 18 10 Iron Pots 3 Wt. lb. 77 14 6 Tin ware vizt. Wateg. Pot 1 3 4 Lamp 1 1 4 4 Cordage lb. 130 2 8 Deals vizt. Baulks 2 17 11½ Single Deal 1 1 11½ 19 11 Nails vizt. lb. 10 6 2 9 6 6 3 4½ 2 1 10½ 4 10 6 3 40 4 1 6 20 4 1 7¼ 16 4 Cuttlery 3 Shoe Knives 1 Lines vizt. No. 2 12 3 6 3 6 2 1 5 7 Carrd. over £ 13 16 3 | The stores issued for the leeward valleys continued from £1 2s 6d brought over. Brought over, £1 2s 6d Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 10d Axe helves, 16, £0 9s 4d Masons' hammers, 2, £0 6s 8d Small frying pan, 1, £0 1s 11½d Scythe stones, 2, £0 0s 5½d Shovels, 6, £1 7s 3d Bricklayers' trowels, 3, £0 4s 1½d Total for ironware, £2 12s 7d Iron, 404 lb, £4 4s 2d Steel, 44 lb, £0 14s 8d Total for iron and steel, £4 18s 10d Iron pots, 3, weighing 77 lb, £0 14s 6d Watering pot, 1, £0 3s 4d Lamp, 1, £0 1s 0d Total for tinware, £0 4s 4d Cordage, 130 lb, £2 0s 8d Balks, 2, £0 17s 11½d Single deal, 1, £0 1s 11½d Total for timber, £0 19s 11d Tenpenny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 9d Sixpenny nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 4½d Twopenny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 10½d Fourpenny nails, 10 lb, £0 6s 3d Fortypenny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 6d Twentypenny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 7¼d Total for nails, £0 16s 4d Shoe knives, 3, £0 1s 0d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 12, £0 3s 6d Fishing lines, number 3 size, 6, £0 2s 1d Total for lines, £0 5s 7d Carried over, £13 16s 3d Interpretations The iron pots, frying pan and lamp show that the gangs walling the leeward valleys camped on site. The gullies lay several hours' walk from James's Valley down steep paths, too far for the men to return each night. The 404 lb of bar iron and 44 lb of steel went to the smiths. They forged and resharpened the crowbars and drills used to quarry and set the stone for the walls at Thompson's and Old Woman's gullies. | |
315 | 1771 Brought over £ 13 16 3 Oil ⅞ Gall. Train 2 6 Paint lb. Chalk 6 3 Cart wheels & Wheel Barrows 4 12 6 Canvas 2 Ps. English 5 2 5 Lead lb. Shot 6 1 3 £ 23 15 2 Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st. April to 30 June 1771 Sugar lb. 544 7 9 1 Flour 511 4 5 2 Rice 544 3 11 7 Oil 13½ G. 2 11 8 Salt 1⅞ Bushels 5 5 Coffee lb. 16 13 4 Tea lb. 15 Bohea 10 8 Twine ¼ Cotton wick 3 5 China ware 50 Sneakers 16 8 Iron Pots 2 Wt. 74 13 11 Glass Ware 96 Sq. 8 by 10 2 8 Turners ware vizt. Wood Bowls 18 19 6 Platters 12 14 6 Hair Broom 1 2 7½ Scrubbing Brush 1 2 7½ Birch Brooms 2 10 2 2 1 Tin Ware vizt. Small Lamps 11 9 7½ Large do. 3 5 ½ 14 8 Carried over £ 26 3 3 | The stores issued for the leeward valleys concluded from £13 16s 3d brought over. Brought over, £13 16s 3d Train oil, ⅞ gallon, £0 2s 6d Chalk, 6 lb, £0 0s 3d Cart wheels and wheelbarrows, £4 12s 6d English canvas, 2 pieces, £5 2s 5d Lead shot, 6 lb, £0 1s 3d Total for the leeward valleys, £23 15s 2d The stores issued to the hospital from 1 April to 30 June 1771 began as follows. Sugar, 5 [...], £7 9s 1d Flour, 5 [...], £4 5s 2d Rice, 5 [...], £3 11s 7d Train oil, 13½ gallons, £2 11s 8d Salt, 1⅝ bushels, £0 5s 5d Coffee, 16 lb, £0 13s 4d Bohea tea, [...], £0 10s 8d Cotton wick, ¾ lb, £0 3s 5d China sneakers, 50, £0 16s 8d Iron pots, 2, weighing 74 lb, £0 13s 11d Window glass, 8 by 10 inches, 96 squares, £2 8s 0d Wooden bowls, 18, £0 19s 6d Platters, 12, £0 14s 6d Hair broom, 1, £0 2s 7½d Scrubbing brush, 1, £0 2s 7½d Birch brooms, 2, £0 0s 10d Total for turned ware, £2 0s 1d Small lamps, 11, £0 9s 7½d Large lamps, 3, £0 5s 0½d Total for tinware, £0 14s 8d Carried over, £26 3s 3d Interpretations The leeward valleys cost the stores £23 15s 2d in the quarter. The heaviest items were canvas and wheelbarrows, not stone or lime. The canvas probably sheltered the work gangs camped in the gullies, and the barrows moved spoil from the foundations of the walls. The hospital's 96 panes of glass, with new bowls, platters and lamps, point to a refit of its wards after a hard winter. The Council had entered the hospital in the Company's books as an asset for the first time in October 1770. It was now being equipped as one. Sick men landed from the homeward ships during the season, such as Patrick Elliott from the Northington, filled its beds alongside the island's own invalids. | |
316 | 15th. July Brought over £ 26 3 8 Tin ware vizt. Brass Closet Lock 1 5 6½ Stock do. 2 5 10½ 11 5 Paint lb. Whiting 6 2 £ 26 15 3 Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st. April to 30th. June 1771 Nails vizt. lb. 2 5 2 6½ 3 2 1 6 4 10 6 3 6 16 9 10 24 11 20 6 2 4½ 40 4 1 6 Spike 10 3 4 Dog 6 3 10¾ 2 1 5 Oars vizt. Large 1 5 6 Small 2 7 9 13 3 Cordage lb. 257 4 4 Deals vizt. Double 7 1 3 11 Single 8 15 8½ Elm Boards 3 14 10½ Knees for Long Boats 6 1 Timbers for do. 6 2 12 9 6 7 3 Carried Over £ 13 2 3 | The hospital account continued from £26 3s 8d brought over. Brought over, £26 3s 8d Brass closet lock, 1, £0 5s 6½d Stock locks, 2, £0 5s 10½d Total for ironware, £0 11s 5d Whiting, 6 lb, £0 0s 2d Total for the hospital, £26 15s 3d The stores issued for the boats from 1 April to 30 June 1771 began as follows. Twopenny nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 6¾d Threepenny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d Fourpenny nails, 10 lb, £0 6s 3d Sixpenny nails, 16 lb, £0 9s 0d Tenpenny nails, 24 lb, £0 11s 0d Twentypenny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 4½d Fortypenny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 6d Spike nails, 10 lb, £0 3s 4d Dog nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 10¾d Total for nails, £2 1s 5d Large oar, 1, £0 5s 6d Small oars, 2, £0 7s 9d Total for oars, £0 13s 3d Cordage, 257 lb, £4 0s 4d Double deals, 7, £1 3s 11d Single deals, 8, £0 15s 8½d Elm boards, 3, £0 14s 10½d Knees for the longboats, 6, £1 0s 0d Timbers for the longboats, 6, £2 12s 9d Total for timber, £6 7s 3d Carried over, £13 2s 3d Interpretations Six knees and six timbers went to the longboats in the quarter. The four knees the Duke of Richmond failed to deliver in April had evidently been replaced from another ship. Without them, no frame repair on the boats could go ahead. The longboats had worked hard through the homeward season, carrying stores and passengers between the shore and more than twenty ships in the road. | |
317 | 1771 Brought over £ 13 2 3 Pitch & Tar vizt. Barl. Pitch 1 1 3 4¾ do. Tar 1 1 2 6¾ lb. Rosin 95 15 10½ 3 1 9 Oil vizt. G. Train 6½ 1 1 8 do. Linseed 2 8 1 1 9 9 Leather lb. Sole 14 18 1 Lead lb. Shot 5 1 Iron Ware vizt. lb. Rolld. Iron 48 18 large Fryg. Pan 1 4 8 Hand Hatchet 1 1 8½ Iron Chain Wt. C. qr. lb. 18.2.3 1 35 15 Sail Needles 8 2 Bell Rope do. 3 10 lb. Rod Iron 107 1 2 3½ 38 2 8 Turners ware 4 Paint Brushes 1 Iron Pots 1 Wt. lb. 19 3 7 Anchors 2 Grapnails 6 15 4 Canvas 4 Ps. 10 4 10 Twine 12 Sk. 7 3 Arrack 2 Galls. 6 8 Paint vizt. lb. W. Lead mixed 12 4 3 Red do. 6 1 3 Yell. Oaker do. 4 2 8 Barls. Blacking 4 5 2 11 4 £ 75 5 6 | The stores issued for the boats continued from £13 2s 3d brought over. Brought over, £13 2s 3d Pitch, 1 barrel, £1 3s 4¾d Tar, 1 barrel, £1 2s 6¼d Rosin, 95 lb, £0 15s 10½d Total for pitch, tar and rosin, £3 1s 9d Train oil, 6½ gallons, £1 1s 8d Linseed oil, 2 gallons, £0 8s 1d Total for oil, £1 9s 9d Sole leather, 14 lb, £0 18s 1d Lead shot, 5 lb, £0 1s 0d Rolled iron, 48 lb, £0 18s 0d Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 8d Hand hatchet, 1, £0 1s 8½d Iron chain weighing 18 cwt 2 qr 3 lb, 1, £35 15s 0d Sail needles, 8, £0 0s 2d Bell ropes, 3, £0 0s 10d Bar iron, 107 lb, £1 2s 3½d Total for ironware, £38 2s 8d Paint brushes, 4, £0 1s 0d Iron pot weighing 19 lb, 1, £0 3s 7d Grapnels, 2, £6 15s 4d Canvas, 4 pieces, £10 4s 10d Twine, 12 skeins, £0 7s 3d Arrack, 2 gallons, £0 6s 8d Mixed white lead, 12 lb, £0 4s 3d Red lead, 6 lb, £0 1s 3d Yellow ochre, 4 lb, £0 2s 8d Blacking, 4 bottles, £0 3s 2d Total for paint, £0 11s 4d Total for the boats, £75 5s 6d Interpretations The iron chain, weighing close to a ton and costing £35 15s 0d, made up almost half the boats' account. It was a mooring chain for the road off James's Valley, where the longboats lay between trips to the ships. In the first quarter of 1771 labourers had been paid for loading ballast and repairing the longboats' moorings. Rope moorings chafed through on the rocky bottom and parted in heavy swell, and a boat torn loose in the surf could be lost with all hands. An iron chain cost far more but lasted for years. The two grapnels, small anchors with several flukes, served the same moorings. The canvas made new sails for the boats after the season's hard work. | |
318 | 15th. July James's Valley Fortification Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st. April to the 30th. June 1771 Cordage lb. 324 3 10 Lead 10 Sheet 1 10 Iron lb. 33 6 10 Iron ware vizt. Masons Jack & Point Tools 20 1 5 10 do. Bracket & Broad do. 18 2 2 4½ do. Beach Mallets 4 7 10 Maul 1 10 5½ Ash Helve 1 7 Small Fryg. Pan 1 1 11 4 9 Turners ware 1 Hair Broom 2 7 Tin ware 2 Watering Pots 6 8 Oil ¼ Gall. Train 10 £ 8 17 9 Barracks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1st. April to 30 June 1771 Iron & Steel vizt. lb. Iron 914 9 10 5 Steel 41 13 8 10 4 1 Deals vizt. Bauth 120 20 10 Single 142 13 18 1 Baulks 4 1 15 10 36 3 11 Nails vizt. lb. 3 14 10 6 4 18 11 3 6 34 19 1 Nails Carrd. over £ 2 10 Carrd. over £ 46 8 | The stores issued for the fortifications in James's Valley from 1 April to 30 June 1771 were as follows. Cordage, 224 lb, £3 10s 0d Sheet lead, 10 lb, £0 1s 10d Iron, 33 lb, £0 6s 10d Masons' jack and point tools, 20, £1 5s 10d Masons' broaches and broad tools, 18, £2 2s 4½d Masons' beech mallets, 4, £0 7s 10d Maul, 1, £0 10s 5½d Axe helve, 1, £0 0s 7d Small frying pan, 1, £0 1s 11d Total for ironware, £4 9s 0d Hair broom, 1, £0 2s 7d Watering pots, 2, £0 6s 8d Train oil, ¼ gallon, £0 0s 10d Total for James's Valley fortifications, £8 17s 9d The stores issued to the barracks from 1 April to 30 June 1771 began as follows. Iron, 914 lb, £9 10s 5d Steel, 41 lb, £0 13s 8d Total for iron and steel, £10 4s 1d Double deals, 120, £20 10s 0d Single deals, 142, £13 18s 1d Balks, 4, £1 15s 10d Total for timber, £36 3s 11d Threepenny nails, 14 lb, £0 10s 6d Fourpenny nails, 18 lb, £0 11s 3d Sixpenny nails, 34 lb, £0 19s 1d Nails carried over, £2 0s 10d Carried over, £46 8s 0d Interpretations The masons' broaches and point tools for James's Valley were the chisels used to dress stone for Purling's Half Moon Battery and the demi-bastion. Captain Tippet had listed both as the quarter's main works there. A broach was a pointed chisel for roughing out a block, and the broad tool finished its face smooth. The barracks still drew more than 260 deals in the quarter, though Tippet had reported the men's quarters almost done in April. The timber was going into fittings, stairs and the floors of the upper rooms. | |
319 | 1771 Brought over £ 46 3 Nails brought over £ 2 10 lb. 10 65 1 9 10 20 37 14 8 40 39 12 9 Glazg. Brads 6½ 10 10 Coopers Rivets 9 4 10 5 13 9 Oil vizt. G. Train 1¼ 4 2 do. Linseed 12 2 8 6 Turpentine ⅞ 3 3 2 15 11 Glass ware vizt. Sq. 6 by 8 100 1 11 3 Sq. 8 by 10 80 2 3 11 3 Paint vizt. lb. W. Lead mixed 36 12 9 Verdigrease 10 2 6 10 Parls. Blacking 4 3 2 Whiting 6½ 1 4 Black Lead 6 6 9 Yell. Oaker mixed 6 1 1 White Lead dry 12 4 3 15 11 Iron ware vizt. Bricklayg. Trowels 2 2 8 Two foot Rules 6 6 6 Pr. Cross Garnet Hinges 1 5 7 Stock Locks 26 3 15 8 4 10 5 Carried Over £ 66 15 3 | The stores issued to the barracks continued from £46 8s 0d brought over. Brought over, £46 8s 0d Nails brought over, £2 0s 10d Tenpenny nails, 65 lb, £1 9s 10d Twentypenny nails, 37 lb, £0 14s 8d Fortypenny nails, 39 lb, £0 12s 9d Glazing brads, 6½ lb, £0 10s 10d Coopers' rivets, 9 lb, £0 4s 10d Total for nails, £5 13s 9d Train oil, 1¼ gallons, £0 4s 2d Linseed oil, 12 gallons, £2 8s 6d Turpentine, ⅞ gallon, £0 3s 3d Total for oil, £2 15s 11d Window glass, 6 by 8 inches, 100 squares, £1 11s 3d Window glass, 8 by 10 inches, 80 squares, £2 0s 0d Total for glass, £3 11s 3d Mixed white lead, 36 lb, £0 12s 9d Verdigris, 10 lb, £2 6s 10d Blacking, 4 bottles, £0 3s 2d Whiting, 6½ lb, £0 1s 4d Black lead, 6 lb, £0 6s 9d Mixed yellow ochre, 6 lb, £0 1s 1d Dry white lead, 10 lb, £0 4s 0d Total for paint, £3 15s 11d Bricklayers' trowels, 2, £0 2s 8d Two-foot rules, 6, £0 6s 6d Cross garnet hinges, 1 pair, £0 5s 7d Stock locks, 26, £3 15s 8d Total for ironware, £4 10s 5d Carried over, £66 15s 3d Interpretations The barracks were being glazed, painted and locked in the quarter. Its 180 panes of glass, 26 stock locks and 6½ lb of glazing brads point to the final fitting of the building's doors and windows. The verdigris, at more than £2, gave the green paint for doors and shutters. Cross garnet hinges were long T-shaped strap hinges for heavy outer doors. Black lead, or graphite, was rubbed onto ironwork such as grates and stoves to protect it from rust and give it a dark polish. | |
320 | 15th. July Brought over £ 66 15 3 Lines 12 No. 2 3 6 Tin Ware 1 Watering Pot 3 4 Twine 1 Skane 1 Turners Ware 6 Paint Brushes 2 10 £ 67 5 6 St. Helena E Excepted 30 June 1771 (signed) James Powell Storekeepr. List of the Honble. Company's Officers and Servants upon the Island St. Helena with their several Salary's Diet Money &c. for the Quarter ending 30th. June 1771 vizt. John Skottowe Esqr. Governor 150 Do. Allowance for Servants 31 14 9 181 14 9 Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor 62 10 Do. Diet Money 25 87 10 Matthew Purling Esqr. of Council 32 10 Do. Accomptant 17 10 Do. Diet Money 15 Do. Gratuity 15 80 William Bearcroft Chaplain 40 Do. Diet Money 15 55 Matthew Bazett Secretary 27 10 Do. Diet Money 15 Do. House Rent 2 10 45 Carried over £ 449 4 9 | The stores issued to the barracks concluded from £66 15s 3d brought over. Brought over, £66 15s 3d Fishing lines, number 2 size, 12, £0 3s 6d Watering pot, 1, £0 3s 4d Twine, 1 skein, £0 0s 7d Paint brushes, 6, £0 2s 10d Total for the barracks, £67 5s 6d James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 30 June 1771, reserving the right to correct any errors. The paymaster's accounts opened with a list of the Company's officers and servants on the island, with their salaries, diet money and other allowances for the quarter ending 30 June 1771. John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d Total for the Governor, £181 14s 9d Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d Total for the Lieutenant Governor, £87 10s 0d Matthew Purling, member of the Council, salary, £32 10s 0d Matthew Purling, as accountant, £17 10s 0d Matthew Purling, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Purling, gratuity, £15 0s 0d Total for Matthew Purling, £80 0s 0d William Bearcroft, chaplain, salary, £40 0s 0d William Bearcroft, diet money, £15 0s 0d Total for the chaplain, £55 0s 0d Matthew Bazett, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d Matthew Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the secretary, £45 0s 0d Carried over, £449 4s 9d Interpretations The barracks drew £67 5s 6d from the stores in the quarter, against £166 5s 5d in the first three months of 1771. Most of the heavy timber had already gone in. What remained was the glazing, painting and locks needed to make the building habitable. | |
321 | 1771 Brought over £ 449 4 9 James Powell Storekeeper 27 10 Do. Diet Money 15 Do. House Rent 2 10 45 William Wrangham Paymaster 27 10 Do. Diet Money 15 Do. House Rent 2 10 Do. Assist. to the Governor 10 55 James Tyssel Engineer 50 Do. House Rent 2 10 52 10 Jonathan Drexton Factor 12 10 Do. Diet Money 10 Do. House Rent 2 10 Do. Assistant Storekeeper 5 30 Bartholomew Wright Factor 12 10 Do. Diet Money 10 Do. House Rent 2 10 Do. Collector of the Customs 12 10 37 10 John Goodwin Factor 12 10 Do. Diet Money 10 Do. House Rent 2 10 25 George N. Bazett Writer 7 10 Do. Diet Money 10 Do. House Rent 2 10 Do. Clerk of the Works 6 16 10½ 26 16 10½ James Desfountain Writer 7 10 Do. Diet Money 10 Do. House Rent 2 10 20 Carrd. Over £ 741 1 7½ | The list of officers and servants continued from £449 4s 9d brought over. Brought over, £449 4s 9d James Powell, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d James Powell, diet money, £15 0s 0d James Powell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the storekeeper, £45 0s 0d William Wrangham, paymaster, salary, £27 10s 0d William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d William Wrangham, as assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d Total for the paymaster, £55 0s 0d James Tippet, engineer, salary, £50 0s 0d James Tippet, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the engineer, £52 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d Jonathan Doveton, as assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d Total for Jonathan Doveton, £30 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, diet money, £10 0s 0d Britannicus Wright, house rent, £2 10s 0d Britannicus Wright, as collector of customs, £12 10s 0d Total for Britannicus Wright, £37 10s 0d John Goodwin, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d John Goodwin, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Goodwin, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Goodwin, £25 0s 0d George Bazett, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d George Bazett, diet money, £10 0s 0d George Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d George Bazett, as clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d Total for George Bazett, £26 16s 10½d James Desfountain, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Desfountain, £20 0s 0d Carried over, £741 1s 7½d | |
322 | 15th. July Brought over £ 741 1 7½ William Webber Drexton Writer 7 10 Do. Diet Money 10 17 10 Robt. Barclay Surgeon 19 15 Do. Diet Money 10 Do. House Rent 2 10 32 5 John Pritchard do. Mate 13 15 Do. Diet Money 10 Do. House Rent 2 10 26 5 John Congreve Judge Advocate 12 10 Do. School-master 7 10 Do. House Rent 2 10 22 10 Thomas Bazett Superintendt. of the Works 25 Philip Mahony Clerk of the Peace 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Solomon St. Maurice Master at Arms 6 5 Saml. Alexander Overseers 7 10 John Worrall 15 John Robinson Carpenter 25 Willm. Crump do. Mate 12 10 Joseph Griffiths Cooper 15 John Robins Armourer 15 Hugh Jones Superint. of the Blacks 10 Edwd. Daniels Mason from 3 April 29 13 5 John Daniels Apprentice from do. 4 18 11 John Preston Masons Mate 20 Robert Leech Steward 7 10 Thos. Yates Clerk of the Church 5 John Joyce Clock & Instrumt. Cleaner 1 5 Willm. Crabb Groom 2 Carried over £ 1077 18 4 | The list of officers and servants continued from £741 1s 7½d brought over. Brought over, £741 1s 7½d William Webber Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d William Webber Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d Total for William Webber Doveton, £17 10s 0d Robert Barclay, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d Robert Barclay, diet money, £10 0s 0d Robert Barclay, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the surgeon, £32 5s 0d John Pritchard, surgeon's mate, salary, £13 15s 0d John Pritchard, diet money, £10 0s 0d John Pritchard, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the surgeon's mate, £26 5s 0d John Congreve, judge advocate, salary, £12 10s 0d John Congreve, as schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Congreve, £22 10s 0d Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d Philip Mahoney, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 7s 6d Philip Mahoney, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Philip Mahoney, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for the clerk of the peace, £36 14s 4½d Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d Samuel Alexander, overseer, £7 10s 0d John Morrall, overseer, £15 0s 0d John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d William Gurrup, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d Joseph Griffiths, cooper, £15 0s 0d John Robins, armourer, £15 0s 0d Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d Edward Daniels, mason, from 3 April 1771, £29 13s 5d John Daniels, apprentice, from the same date, £4 18s 11d John Preston, mason's mate, £20 0s 0d Robert Leech, steward, £7 10s 0d Thomas Yates, clerk of the church, £5 0s 0d John Joyce, clock and instrument cleaner, £1 5s 0d William Crabb, groom, £2 0s 0d Carried over, £1,077 18s 4d Interpretations Edward Daniels joined the Company's service as mason on 3 April 1771, with John Daniels, probably his son, as apprentice. His quarter's pay of almost £30 0s 0d, at about £120 a year, was more than any artificer on the list and close to a factor's whole income. John Preston, who had been the Company's mason, now appeared as mason's mate. Daniels was evidently the new master mason. He was most probably the man the Council rebuked on 14 May for building the flood wall in Thompson's Gully with too little batter and with earth instead of lime. His plea that he was newly arrived and did not know whose orders to follow fits a man who had reached the island six weeks earlier. The high salary shows how scarce a skilled mason was. The Council could not afford to dismiss him, so it warned him instead. | |
323 | 1771 Brought over £ 1077 18 4 James Miller Patron of the Sf. Boats 7 10 John Price Marshal & Goaler 7 10 James Carmichell Gardener 10 To the Drum Major for instructg. the Young Drummers 1 First Company vizt. Danl. Cornelle Captain 59 6 3 Sol. St. Maurice Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ 34 4 4½ Charles Ross Stewart Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. Adjutant 18 5 52 9 4½ William Coldwell Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ William Roberts Town Adjutant 32 3 1½ Richd. Powell Cadet from 1st. April 7 11 8 Serjeants vizt. Henry Powell 7 11 3 Geo. Searle 7 11 3 Thos. Mears 7 11 3 Thos. Pearce 7 11 3 John Allman 7 11 3 James Manaton Entd. 5th. April 7 5 45 3 4 Corporals vizt. Abraham Jewis 5 6 2 Andrew Alexander 5 6 2 Timothy Walters 5 6 2 Henry Clark to 17th. May died 2 14 10 18 13 4 Carrd. over £ 1390 4 2 | The list of officers and servants continued from £1,077 18s 4d brought over. Brought over, £1,077 18s 4d James Miller, coxswain of the longboats, £7 10s 0d John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d James Carmichael, gardener, £10 0s 0d Drum major, for teaching the young drummers, £1 0s 0d The pay of the First Company followed. Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d Solomon St Maurice, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Solomon St Maurice, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Total for Solomon St Maurice, £34 4s 4½d Charles Ross Steward, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Charles Ross Steward, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Charles Ross Steward, as adjutant, £18 5s 0d Total for Charles Ross Steward, £52 9s 4½d William Caldwell, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d William Caldwell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d William Caldwell, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for William Caldwell, £36 14s 4½d William Roberts, town adjutant, £32 3s 1½d Richard Powell, cadet, from 1 April 1771, £7 11s 8d Henry Howell, sergeant, £7 11s 8d George Seale, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Mears, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Pearce, sergeant, £7 11s 8d John Allman, sergeant, £7 11s 8d James Manaton, sergeant, from 5 April 1771, £7 5s 0d Total for sergeants, £45 3s 4d Abraham Irwin, corporal, £5 6s 2d Andrew Alexander, corporal, £5 6s 2d Timothy Walters, corporal, £5 6s 2d Henry Clarke, corporal, to 17 May 1771, when he died, £2 14s 10d Total for corporals, £18 13s 4d Carried over, £1,390 4s 2d Interpretations Richard Powell drew a cadet's pay from 1 April 1771, the day the Council accepted the storekeeper's son into the garrison. A cadet was paid at the rate of a sergeant. He did a sergeant's duties while he learned an officer's, until a commission fell vacant and the Directors confirmed him. | |
324 | 15th. July Brought over £ 1390 4 2 Drummers vizt. John Swails 5 6 2 Richd. Plattpot 5 6 2 George Watts 5 6 2 15 18 6 Private vizt. Richd. Aston Ent. 5th. April 3 14 2 John Atwood do. 5th. do. 3 12 6 James Ashby do. & do. dead 15 John Buckmans 3 15 10 Moses Biffin 3 15 10 John Bell 3 15 10 Timothy Bryan 3 15 10 Emanuel Brunes 3 15 10 Willm. Benson 3 15 10 Richd. Brown 3 15 10 Thos. Berwick 3 15 10 Mark Bolls 3 15 10 Joseph Battersham Ent. 5th. April 3 12 6 Benj. Barclay disch. 13th. 15 Joseph Barham 3 15 10 Stephen Barret 3 15 10 Edwd. Cocker disch. 17th. June 3 5 Patrick Carver 3 15 10 John Charlton 3 15 10 Wm. Copper 3 15 10 Anthy. Clark 3 15 10 Arundel Carnes 3 15 10 John Coulson 3 15 10 John Cencher 3 15 10 Thos. Coleman 3 15 10 Ralph Chevening 3 15 10 Willm. Catton Ent. 5th. April 3 12 6 Richd. Craggs do. 5th. do. 3 12 6 John Davis 3 15 10 Private Carrd. over £ 102 11 8 Carrd. over £ 1406 2 8 | The First Company's pay list continued from £1,390 4s 2d brought over. Brought over, £1,390 4s 2d John Twaits, drummer, £5 6s 2d Richard Hatfoot, drummer, £5 6s 2d George Wale, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £15 18s 6d Richard Aston, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d John Atwood, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d James Ashley, private, enlisted on the same date and since died, £0 15s 0d John Buckman, private, £3 15s 10d Moses Boffin, private, £3 15s 10d John Bull, private, £3 15s 10d Timothy Bryan, private, £3 15s 10d Emanuel Bonner, private, £3 15s 10d William Benson, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Brown, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Brunsk, private, £3 15s 10d Mark Bell, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Batcham, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Benjamin Barclay, private, discharged on 12 April 1771, £0 15s 0d Joseph Brabson, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Barrett, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Corker, private, discharged on 17 June 1771, £3 5s 0d Patrick Conner, private, £3 15s 10d John Charlton, private, £3 15s 10d William Coppin, private, £3 15s 10d Anthony Clarke, private, £3 15s 10d Arundel Carrow, private, £3 15s 10d John Coulson, private, £3 15s 10d John Crowder, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Coleman, private, £3 15s 10d Ralph Chewning, private, £3 15s 10d William Cotton, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Richard Craggs, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 12s 6d John Davis, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried over, £102 11s 8d Carried over, £1,406 2s 8d | |
325 | 1771 Brought over £ 1406 2 8 Private brought over £ 102 11 8 John Doe 3 15 10 John Drake 3 15 10 Stephen Duck Ent. 5th. April died 8 May 1 8 4 Adam Evans 3 15 10 Henry Eanstead 3 15 10 John Ellis 3 15 10 Wm. French 3 15 10 Wm. Fisher 3 15 10 Robt. Frost 3 15 10 Willm. Greenwood 3 15 10 John Grainger 3 15 10 John Griffiths Entd. 24 June 5 10 John Houston 3 15 10 Philip Hayes 3 15 10 Willm. Henderson died 11th. May 1 14 2 John Hill do. 17 June 3 5 Wm. Harder Ent. from Ed. Compy. 5 April 3 12 6 Francis Hancock Entd. 5th. April 3 12 6 Thos. Hinching 3 15 10 Wm. Harrison 3 15 10 Edwd. Hayes 3 15 10 Wm. Jones 3 12 6 John Johnson Ent. 5th. April 3 12 6 John Jones do. do. 3 15 10 Thos. Love 3 14 2 John Langston Entd. do. do. 3 12 6 Patrick Lynch do. 5th. do. 3 15 10 Duncan McLaren 3 15 10 Wm. Mumford 3 15 10 John McAllister 3 15 10 James Miller 3 15 10 Wm. Mudge 1 17 6 Wm. Mackey Ent. from Artly. Compy. 1st. May 3 15 10 Wm. Page Private Carr. over £ 220 3 4 Carrd. over £ 1406 2 8 | The First Company's privates continued from £102 11s 8d brought over. Brought over, £1,406 2s 8d Privates brought over, £102 11s 8d John Dove, private, £3 15s 10d John Drake, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Tuck, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, died on 8 May 1771, £1 8s 4d Adam Evans, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Eanstear, private, £3 15s 10d John Ellis, private, £3 15s 10d William French, private, £3 15s 10d William Fisher, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Frost, private, £3 15s 10d William Greenwood, private, £3 15s 10d John Grainger, private, £3 15s 10d John Griffiths, private, enlisted on 24 June 1771, £0 5s 10d John Hunter, private, £3 15s 10d Philip Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d William Henderson, private, died on 11 May 1771, £1 14s 2d John Hill, private, died on 17 June 1771, £3 5s 0d William Harder, private, entered from [...] Company on 3 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Francis Hancock, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Thomas Hocking, private, £3 15s 10d William Harrison, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d William Jones, private, £3 12s 6d John Johnson, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d John Jones, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 15s 10d Thomas Love, private, £3 14s 2d John Langston, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Patrick Lynch, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Duncan McLaren, private, £3 15s 10d William Munford, private, £3 15s 10d John McAllister, private, £3 15s 10d James Miller, private, £3 15s 10d William Mudge, private, £3 15s 10d William Mackey, private, entered from the artillery on 17 May 1771, £1 17s 6d William Page, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried over, £220 3s 4d Carried over, £1,406 2s 8d Interpretations Stephen Tuck, who hanged himself on 8 May 1771, had enlisted only five weeks earlier. He was one of a group of more than a dozen men taken into the First Company on 3 and 5 April 1771, in the days the Calcutta and the Duke of Richmond lay in the road. Several of the new recruits were probably seamen or passengers left behind by those ships. They had come to a remote garrison under a five-year bond, often against their wishes, with no means of leaving. | |
326 | 15th. July Brought over £ 1406 2 8 Private brought over £ 220 3 4 John Pitt died 14th. June 3 2 6 Chas. Pollister ent. 6th. April 3 14 2 Wm. Phillips do. do. 3 14 2 Richd. Palmer do. do. 3 14 2 John Pole do. 29 do. 2 16 8 Willm. Johnson 3 15 10 Willm. Rogers 3 15 10 Anthy. Reynolds 3 15 10 Steph. Riding 3 15 10 Geo. Roe 3 15 10 Wm. Rowlands disch. 17th. June 3 5 Thos. Reads Appd. Corpl. 18 May 4 10 6 John Spindlow disch. 8th. April 6 8 James Surley 3 15 10 John Stewart 3 15 10 Edwd. Stephenson 3 15 10 Jo. Stacy 3 15 10 James Snell 3 15 10 Wm. Snell 3 15 10 Gregory Sutherland 3 15 10 Wm. Sanders 3 15 10 Chas. Smith 3 15 10 Chas. Abert Ent. 5 April 3 12 6 Wm. Tipper 3 15 10 John Tanton 3 15 10 Thos. Townsend 3 15 10 John Thistlewood 3 15 10 Thomas Thomas 3 15 10 Jo. Valentine 3 15 10 John Willingdale 3 15 10 Benj. Wise 3 15 10 Thos. Windall 3 15 10 Geo. Watt 3 15 10 Private Carr. over £ 339 19 8 Carried over £ 1406 2 8 | The First Company's privates continued from £220 3s 4d brought over. Brought over, £1,406 2s 8d Privates brought over, £220 3s 4d John Pitt, private, died on 14 June 1771, £3 2s 6d Charles Pollister, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d William Phillips, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d Richard Palmer, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d John Pole, private, enlisted on 29 April 1771, £2 16s 8d William Robinson, private, £3 15s 10d William Rogers, private, £3 15s 10d Anthony Reynolds, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Redding, private, £3 15s 10d George Rice, private, £3 15s 10d William Rowlands, private, discharged on 17 June 1771, £3 5s 0d Thomas Reade, private, appointed corporal on 18 May 1771, £4 10s 6d John Springthorpe, private, discharged on 8 April 1771, £0 6s 8d James Sealy, private, £3 15s 10d John Stewart, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Stephenson, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Stacy, private, £3 15s 10d James Snell, private, £3 15s 10d William Smith, private, £3 15s 10d Gregory Sutherwood, private, £3 15s 10d William Saunders, private, £3 15s 10d Christopher Smith, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Abert, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d William Tipper, private, £3 15s 10d John Tanton, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Townsend, private, £3 15s 10d John Thistlewood, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Thomas, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Valentine, private, £3 15s 10d John Willingdale, private, £3 15s 10d Benjamin Wise, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Windall, private, £3 15s 10d George Wall, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried over, £339 19s 8d Carried over, £1,406 2s 8d Interpretations Thomas Reade was made corporal on 18 May 1771, the day after Corporal Henry Clarke died. The vacancy was filled at once, and Reade was paid the higher rate from that day. John Springthorpe, who had petitioned for his discharge on 8 April at the end of his term, was paid only to that date. | |
327 | 1771 Brought over £ 1406 2 8 Private brought over £ 339 19 8 Barthw. Welch 3 15 10 John Wilson Transf. to Artl. Compy. 16 May 1 18 4 John Walters 3 15 10 Henry Wood 3 15 10 John White 3 15 10 John Waterfield Ent. 5. April 3 14 2 Edw. Whittingdale do. do. 3 14 2 Wm. Weatherly do. do. 3 14 2 Willm. Warner do. 5 do. 3 12 6 Thos. Wellington do. 5 do. 3 12 6 375 8 10 Second Company vizt. Henry Bazett Captain 59 6 3 Thos. Lambert Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ John G. Bazett Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Serjeants vizt. William Merrick 7 11 8 Francis Searle 7 11 8 Joseph Whaley 7 11 8 James Elgin 7 11 8 Willm. Wells 7 11 8 John Salisbury added 6 15 10 44 7 6 Corporals vizt. Joseph McAtney 5 6 2 Willm. Hawes 5 6 2 Robt. Rich. Governor 5 6 2 Jacob Ham preferred 4 2 6 Wm. Jones do. 4 2 6 24 3 10 Carr. over £ 1982 17 10 | The First Company's privates concluded from £339 19s 8d brought over. Brought over, £1,406 2s 8d Privates brought over, £339 19s 8d Bartholomew Welch, private, £3 15s 10d John Wilson, private, transferred to the Artillery Company on 16 May 1771, £1 18s 4d John Walters, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Wood, private, £3 15s 10d John White, private, £3 15s 10d John Waterfield, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Edward Whittingdale, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d William Westbury, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d William Warner, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Thomas Wellington, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 12s 6d Total for privates of the First Company, £375 8s 10d The pay of the Second Company followed. Henry Bazett, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Lambert, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Lambert, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Lambert, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Lambert, £36 14s 4½d John Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Bazett, £36 14s 4½d William Merrick, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Francis Seale, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £7 11s 8d James Elgin, sergeant, £7 11s 8d William Wills, sergeant, £7 11s 8d John Salisbury, sergeant, [...], £6 15s 10d Total for sergeants, £44 7s 6d Joseph McKelvey, corporal, £5 6s 2d William Harris, corporal, £5 6s 2d Richard Grosvenor, corporal, £5 6s 2d Jacob Hiram, corporal, promoted, £4 2s 6d William Jones, corporal, promoted, £4 2s 6d Total for corporals, £24 3s 10d Carried over, £1,982 17s 10d Interpretations The First Company took in thirteen new privates in the first week of April 1771 and lost almost as many to death, discharge and transfer by the end of June. Its strength barely changed, though nearly a seventh of its men were new. | |
328 | 15th. July Brought over £ 1982 17 10 Drummers vizt. John Whyell preferd 4 10 10 Benj. Teale 5 6 2 9 17 Private vizt. Teccon Clamp from 3 April Ent. 3 14 2 Timothy Allerton do. 3 14 2 Chas. Prince do. 3 14 2 John Coffee do. 3 14 2 James Avery do. 3 14 2 Geo. Hatch do. 3 14 2 Edwd. Lewis do. 3 14 2 Richd. Page do. 3 14 2 John Roberts do. 3 14 2 Benj. Thomas do. 3 14 2 Mark Freeman do. 3 14 2 Jos. Miller 3 14 2 Thos. Bailey 3 3 4 John Willis 3 3 4 Thos. Burns 3 12 6 Danl. Dunn 3 12 6 John Evans 3 12 6 Josiah Edwards 3 12 6 Thom. Griffiths 3 12 6 Richd. Gorman 3 12 6 John Pratt 3 12 6 Richd. White 3 12 6 John Solomon 3 12 6 Thos. Lee 3 12 6 Bart. Duff 1 9 6 Saml. Steel 3 John Brown 2 13 8 Pat. Edrington 1 18 4 Thos. Alsworth Senr. 1 18 4 Willm. Paddon 1 14 2 Private Carr. over £ 99 8 8 Carrd. over £ 1992 14 10 | The Second Company's pay list continued from £1,982 17s 10d brought over. Brought over, £1,982 17s 10d John Whyell, drummer, promoted, £4 10s 10d Benjamin Seale, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £9 17s 0d Francis Clamp, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Timothy Hilston, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d Charles Pierce, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d John Coffee, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d James Avery, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d George Hatch, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d Edward Lewis, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d Richard Page, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d John Bilsdale, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d Benjamin Thomas, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d Mark Freeman, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d James Miller, private, £3 14s 2d Thomas Bailey, private, £3 3s 4d John Willis, private, £3 3s 4d Thomas Dennis, private, £3 12s 6d Daniel Dunn, private, £3 12s 6d John Lamb, private, £3 12s 6d Josiah Edwards, private, £3 12s 6d Thomas Griffiths, private, £3 12s 6d Richard Crennan, private, £3 12s 6d John Pratt, private, £3 12s 6d Richard White, private, £3 12s 6d John Solomon, private, £3 12s 6d Thomas Lee, private, £3 12s 6d Robert Duff, private, £1 2s 6d Samuel Steel, private, £3 0s 0d John Brown, private, £2 13s 8d Patrick Etherington, private, £1 18s 4d Thomas Ainsworth senior, private, £1 18s 4d William Paddom, private, £1 14s 2d Privates carried over, £99 8s 8d Carried over, £1,992 14s 10d Interpretations The Second Company took in more than two dozen new men during the quarter. Eleven enlisted on 3 April 1771 alone. Samuel Steel was one of the four deserters from India who gave themselves up on 29 April and were kept to serve out their terms. William Paddom, the boy enlisted on 20 May to replace the drummer John Browne killed by flying stone, appears among the privates. John Whyell was promoted drummer to fill Browne's place itself. The garrison was absorbing men from every ship that passed, and the pay lists show how quickly they were spread across the companies. | |
329 | 1771 Brought over £ 1992 14 10 Private brought over £ 99 8 8 Thos. Hunt 3 5 Willm. Emmerson 1 6 8 Willm. Dunnan 3 15 10 Fred. Shaffer 3 15 10 John Haynge 3 15 10 Wm. Fullwood 3 15 10 James Hudson 3 15 10 John Pavey 3 15 10 Nichs. Godfrey 3 15 10 Robt. Green 3 15 10 John Shears 3 15 10 John Forbes 3 15 10 John Jacobs 3 15 10 Jacob Peters 3 15 10 John Wilkinson 3 15 10 Augustine Hitchcock 3 15 10 Danl. Dyer 3 15 10 Willm. Carter 3 15 10 John Holbrook 3 15 10 John Hunt 3 15 10 Saml. Austen 3 15 10 Jos. Austerman 3 15 10 John James 3 15 10 John Jones 3 15 10 Saml. Hilson 3 15 10 Thos. Harrison 3 15 10 Thos. Little 3 15 10 Owen Osborne 3 15 10 John Morris 3 15 10 John McCullen 3 15 10 Thos. Palmer 3 15 10 John Christ. Seifel 3 15 10 John Vaughan Private Carr. over £ 221 11 2 Carried over £ 1992 14 10 | The Second Company's privates continued from £99 8s 8d brought over. Brought over, £1,992 14s 10d Privates brought over, £99 8s 8d Thomas Hunt, private, £3 5s 0d William Emmerson, private, £1 6s 8d William Dunnan, private, £3 15s 10d Frederick Shaffer, private, £3 15s 10d John Haynge, private, £3 15s 10d William Fellowes, private, £3 15s 10d James Hudson, private, £3 15s 10d John Perry, private, £3 15s 10d Nicholas Godfrey, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Green, private, £3 15s 10d John Mears, private, £3 15s 10d John Forbes, private, £3 15s 10d John Jacobs, private, £3 15s 10d Jacob Peters, private, £3 15s 10d John Wilkinson, private, £3 15s 10d Augustine Hitchcock, private, £3 15s 10d Daniel Bye, private, £3 15s 10d William Coster, private, £3 15s 10d John Holbrook, private, £3 15s 10d John Ham, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Inslow, private, £3 15s 10d James Anderson, private, £3 15s 10d John James, private, £3 15s 10d John Jones, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Hiles, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Harrison, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Little, private, £3 15s 10d Reeves Osborne, private, £3 15s 10d John Morris, private, £3 15s 10d John McCullen, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Palmer, private, £3 15s 10d John Christian Strupp, private, £3 15s 10d John Vaughan, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried over, £221 11s 2d Carried over, £1,992 14s 10d | |
330 | 15th. July Brought over £ 1992 14 10 Private brought over £ 221 11 2 Henry Batchelor 3 15 10 John Blaven 3 15 10 John Cunningham 3 15 10 Fras. Nibble 3 15 10 Peter Mahan 3 15 10 Willm. Johnson 3 15 10 Henry Peckham 3 15 10 Nicholas Pennis 3 15 10 Thos. Hart 3 15 10 John Gadsole 3 15 10 Patr. Ellam 3 15 10 James Beard 3 15 10 Willm. Daniels 3 15 10 David Grant 3 15 10 Saml. Warren 3 15 10 Thomas Rayles 3 15 10 Ch. Holloway 3 15 10 John Bailey 3 15 10 David Evans 3 15 10 Philip Lemon 3 15 10 Wm. Harris 3 15 10 Saml. Hales 3 15 10 John King 3 15 10 John Lockhart 3 15 10 Henry Miller 3 15 10 Wm. McBeth 3 15 10 Thos. Morgan 3 15 10 Thos. Mears 3 15 10 Stephen Pryer 3 15 10 Saml. Parker 3 15 10 Thos. Prowse 3 15 10 Thos. Alsworth 3 15 10 Willm. Birch 3 15 10 Private Carr. over £ 346 13 8 Carrd. over £ 1992 14 10 | The Second Company's privates continued from £221 11s 2d brought over. Brought over, £1,992 14s 10d Privates brought over, £221 11s 2d Henry Batchelor, private, £3 15s 10d John Bevan, private, £3 15s 10d John Cunningham, private, £3 15s 10d Francis Nibble, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Mahan, private, £3 15s 10d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Kirkham, private, £3 15s 10d Nicholas Dennis, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hart, private, £3 15s 10d John Garside, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Elliot, private, £3 15s 10d James Brand, private, £3 15s 10d William Daniels, private, £3 15s 10d David Grant, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Warren, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Pounce, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Holloway, private, £3 15s 10d John Darley, private, £3 15s 10d David Evans, private, £3 15s 10d Philip Glover, private, £3 15s 10d William Harris, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Hiles, private, £3 15s 10d John King, private, £3 15s 10d John Lubbart, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Miller, private, £3 15s 10d William McBeath, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Morgan, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Moss, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Pryor, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Parker, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Powers, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Ainsworth, private, £3 15s 10d William Birch, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried over, £346 13s 8d Carried over, £1,992 14s 10d Interpretations Thomas Hart, one of the two privates whom the Council had resolved on 8 April 1771 to try by court martial for counterfeiting rupees, still drew a full quarter's pay. The record gives no verdict, but he was neither discharged nor docked of pay during the quarter. Charles Holloway, the corporal reduced to private after the store robbery, also remained in the ranks on full private's pay. | |
331 | 1771 Brought over £ 1992 14 10 Private brought over £ 346 13 8 James Cullas 3 15 10 Willm. England 3 15 10 John Gray 3 15 10 Robt. Harding 3 15 10 Willm. Kingbeak 3 15 10 George Oliver 3 15 10 Willm. Brooks 3 15 10 373 4 6 Third Company vizt. Richard Beale Captain 59 6 3 Thos. Bazett Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Thomas Statham Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Richd. Mason Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Serjeants vizt. Willm. Alfont 7 11 8 James Grady Serjt. Major 12 2 8 David Scott 7 11 8 Thos. Hughs 7 11 8 Willm. Wells 7 11 8 Thos. Blake 5 April Ent. 7 8 4 49 17 8 Corporals vizt. Thos. Nash 5 6 2 Geo. Short 5 6 2 Walton Walker 5 6 2 Bro. Pollen preferd 5 1 2 20 19 8 Carr. over £ 2606 6 1½ | The Second Company's privates concluded from £346 13s 8d brought over. Brought over, £1,992 14s 10d Privates brought over, £346 13s 8d James Callas, private, £3 15s 10d William England, private, £3 15s 10d John Gray, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Harding, private, £3 15s 10d William Kingscot, private, £3 15s 10d George Oliver, private, £3 15s 10d William Brooks, private, £3 15s 10d Total for privates of the Second Company, £373 4s 6d The pay of the Third Company followed. Richard Beale, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Bazett, £36 14s 4½d Thomas Statham, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Statham, £36 14s 4½d Richard Mason, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Richard Mason, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Richard Mason, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Richard Mason, £36 14s 4½d William Clifton, sergeant, £7 11s 8d James Goudy, sergeant-major, £12 2s 8d David Scott, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Hughes, sergeant, £7 11s 8d William Hill, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Blake, sergeant, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £7 3s 4d Total for sergeants, £49 17s 8d Thomas Wade, corporal, £5 6s 2d George Short, corporal, £5 6s 2d Hatton Walker, corporal, £5 6s 2d Benjamin Pollard, corporal, promoted, £5 1s 2d Total for corporals, £20 19s 8d Carried over, £2,606 6s 1½d Interpretations James Goudy's higher pay was now explained by his title of sergeant-major, the senior non-commissioned officer of the Third Company. He kept the company's books and drilled its men. William Kingscot, the second of the two privates charged with counterfeiting rupees, also drew a full quarter's pay, as Thomas Hart had done. | |
332 | 15th. July Brought over £ 2606 6 ½ Drummers vizt. George Varing 5 6 2 John Martin 5 6 2 10 12 4 Private vizt. James Anderson 3 15 10 Richd. Ashfield 3 15 10 John Arden 3 15 10 Jacob Bell 3 15 10 John Blepharne 3 15 10 Fred. Wm. Beard 3 15 10 James Brown 3 15 10 Robt. Baff 3 15 10 John Bellrick to 17 June disch. 3 5 Joseph Bristow 3 15 10 Robt. Brown Ent. 13 April 3 14 2 W. Bailey do. do. 3 14 2 Thos. Beale do. 5th. do. 3 12 6 Joseph Barber do. do. 3 12 6 John Cook 3 15 10 Philip Cook 3 15 10 Thos. Cornell 3 15 10 Robt. Coats 3 15 10 Benj. Courtney 3 15 10 John Corbet 3 15 10 Geo. Charroll Ent. 3 April 3 14 2 James Cuttes do. 5 do. 3 12 6 Maurice Dunny 3 15 10 Robt. Downs 3 15 10 Thos. Bevy Ent. 3 do. 3 14 2 Peter Dilly 5 do. 3 12 6 Willm. Edwards 3 15 10 Chas. Edgells 3 15 10 Thos. Elliott 3 15 10 Private Carr. over £ 108 8 4 Carrd. over £ 2616 18 4½ | The Third Company's pay list continued from £2,606 6s 0½d brought over. Brought over, £2,606 6s 0½d George Harvey, drummer, £5 6s 2d John Martin, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £10 12s 4d James Anderson, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Ashford, private, £3 15s 10d John Arden, private, £3 15s 10d Jacob Brett, private, £3 15s 10d John Blackburn, private, £3 15s 10d Frederick William Beard, private, £3 15s 10d James Brown, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Barff, private, £3 15s 10d John Bullbrook, private, discharged on 17 June 1771, £3 5s 0d Joseph Breston, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Brown, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d William Bailey, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d Thomas Beale, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Joseph Barber, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 12s 6d John Cook, private, £3 15s 10d Philip Cook, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Cornwall, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Crook, private, £3 15s 10d Benjamin Courtney, private, £3 15s 10d John Corbet, private, £3 15s 10d George Charnott, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d James Curtis, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Maurice Downey, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Davis, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Berry, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Peter Bolly, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d William Edwards, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Edgell, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Elliot, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried over, £108 8s 4d Carried over, £2,616 18s 4½d | |
333 | 1771 Brought over £ 2616 18 4½ Private brought over £ 108 8 4 Thos. Fad Ent. 3 April 3 14 2 John Ferguson do. 5 do. 3 12 6 Owen Griffiths do. 3 do. 3 14 2 Chas. Gerson do. 5 do. 3 12 6 Peter Hyder 3 15 10 Willm. Hopkins 3 15 10 Thos. Hillock 3 15 10 Jos. Holloway 3 15 10 Patr. Higgins 3 15 10 Edwd. Hassell 3 15 10 John Hilliard 3 15 10 Thos. Hays 3 15 10 Saml. Pheasant 3 15 10 John Hone 3 15 10 James Hadley 3 15 10 Richd. Hunter Ent. 5. April 3 12 6 Wm. Hamilton redue. from Corpl. 4 10 Wm. Harder transfd. to 1st. C. 4 April 3 4 Marmaduke Hays do. to Artl. C. 16 May 1 18 4 Robt. Johnson 3 15 10 Richd. Johnson 3 15 10 Wm. Johnson 3 15 10 Saml. Johnson 3 15 10 John Jacks 3 15 10 John Johnson 3 14 2 Wm. Jameson Ent. 3 April 3 14 2 Jos. Jones do. 3 do. 3 15 10 James Kemp 3 15 10 Edwd. Lambert 3 15 10 Bryan Lynch 3 15 10 Geo. Lillington 3 15 10 Jno. Lane 3 12 6 Wm. Lexington Ent. 5 do. Private Carr. over £ 227 3 10 Carrd. over £ 2616 18 4½ | The Third Company's privates continued from £108 8s 4d brought over. Brought over, £2,616 18s 4½d Privates brought over, £108 8s 4d Thomas Tad, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d John Ferguson, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Owen Griffiths, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Charles Gerson, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Peter Hyde, private, £3 15s 10d William Hopkins, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hillock, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Holloway, private, £3 15s 10d Peter Higgins, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Hazell, private, £3 15s 10d John Hilliard, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Howard, private, £3 15s 10d John Howe, private, £3 15s 10d James Hadley, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Hunter, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d William Hamilton, private, reduced from corporal, £4 0s 10d William Harder, private, transferred to the First Company on 4 April 1771, £0 3s 4d Maynard Hays, private, transferred to the artillery on 16 May 1771, £1 18s 4d Robert Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d William Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d John Jacks, private, £3 15s 10d John Johnson, private, £3 14s 2d William Jameson, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Joseph Jones, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 15s 10d James Kemp, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Lambson, private, £3 15s 10d Bryan Lynch, private, £3 15s 10d George Littleton, private, £3 15s 10d John Lane, private, £3 15s 10d William Lessington, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Privates carried over, £227 3s 10d Carried over, £2,616 18s 4½d Interpretations William Hamilton was reduced from corporal to private during the quarter. Benjamin Pollard was promoted to corporal in the same company to fill his place. Like the corporals broken after the store robbery, Hamilton was paid at the higher rate only up to the day of his reduction. | |
334 | 15th. July Brought over £ 2616 18 4½ Private brought over £ 227 5 10 Richd. Moyce 3 15 10 Thomas Morris 3 15 10 Abraham Moyce 3 15 10 Jos. Mattin 3 15 10 Thos. Matthews 3 15 10 Willm. Metcalf 3 15 10 Chas. Morris 3 15 10 Abraham Miller 3 15 10 John Merrell 3 15 10 Esau Nowland Ent. 2d. May from Artly. 1 17 6 Thos. Owen do. 5 April 3 12 6 Thos. Perry 3 15 10 Willm. Peters 3 15 10 Jos. Proctor 3 15 10 Richd. Perry 3 15 10 Willm. Powell Ent. 3 April 3 14 2 Richd. Parker do. 5th. do. 3 12 6 Saml. Redding 3 15 10 James Royce disch. 17th. June 3 5 Robt. Rack 3 15 10 Adam Scott 3 15 10 Wm. Smith 3 15 10 Arthur Shell 3 15 10 John Shetland 3 15 10 R. Slaughter 3 15 10 R. Spill 3 15 10 Stephen Seymour Ent. 3 April 3 14 2 Thos. Smith do. do. 3 14 2 John Saunders do. do. 3 14 2 David Stone do. 5 do. 3 12 6 John Sampson 3 15 10 Thos. Taylor 3 15 10 Geo. Turner 3 15 10 John Thompson 3 15 10 Private Carrd. over £ 352 18 4 Carrd. over £ 2616 18 4½ | The Third Company's privates continued from £227 5s 10d brought over. Brought over, £2,616 18s 4½d Privates brought over, £227 5s 10d Richard Moyce, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Morris, private, £3 15s 10d Abraham Myer, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Martin, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Matthews, private, £3 15s 10d William Medcalf, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Morris, private, £3 15s 10d Abraham Miller, private, £3 15s 10d John Morrell, private, £3 15s 10d Evan Rowland, private, entered from the artillery on 17 May 1771, £1 17s 6d Thomas Owen, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Thomas Parry, private, £3 15s 10d William Parker, private, £3 15s 10d James Procter, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Penney, private, £3 15s 10d William Powell, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Richard Parker, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Samuel Redding, private, £3 15s 10d James Royer, private, discharged on 17 June 1771, £3 5s 0d Robert Stack, private, £3 15s 10d Adam Scott, private, £3 15s 10d William Smith, private, £3 15s 10d Arthur Still, private, £3 15s 10d John Sharland, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Slaughter, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Stile, private, £3 15s 10d Stephen Aymard, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Thomas Smith, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d John Saunders, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d David Stone, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d John Thompson senior, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Taylor, private, £3 15s 10d George Towns, private, £3 15s 10d John Thompson junior, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried over, £352 18s 4d Carried over, £2,616 18s 4½d Interpretations Evan Rowland moved from the artillery into the Third Company on 17 May 1771, the same day William Mackey left the artillery for the First Company. On 16 May John Wilson and Maynard Hays had gone the other way, into the artillery. The four moves were evidently one exchange, which put two men into the artillery and took two out within a day. A matross was paid more than an infantry private, so the transfers were probably made to place better men at the guns while the Council was strengthening the island's defences. | |
335 | 1771 Brought over £ 2616 18 4½ Private brought over £ 352 18 4 John Sharp 3 15 10 Jacob Thompson ent. 3 April 3 14 2 Richd. Vincent 3 15 10 Thos. Ward 3 15 10 Willm. Ward do. 3 do. 3 14 2 Richd. White do. 5th. do. 3 12 6 Frances Wainwright do. 17 do. 3 2 6 James York 3 15 10 382 5 Fourth Company vizt. John Howard Captain 59 6 3 Saml. Desfountain Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ James Greentree Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Robert Gosling Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Serjeants vizt. John Monk 7 11 8 John Beale 7 11 8 John Terry 7 11 8 Thos. Williams 7 11 8 Thos. Aylock 7 11 8 37 18 4 Corporals vizt. Geo. Wood 5 6 2 Benj. Hayward 5 6 2 Wm. Sharp 5 6 2 Geo. Smith 5 6 2 Henry Bayfield Ent. 3. April 5 3 10 26 8 6 Carr. over £ 3232 19 7 | The Third Company's privates concluded from £352 18s 4d brought over. Brought over, £2,616 18s 4½d Privates brought over, £352 18s 4d John Sharp, private, £3 15s 10d Jacob Thompson, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Richard Vincent, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Ward, private, £3 15s 10d William Ward, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Richard White, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Francis Wainwright, private, enlisted on 17 April 1771, £3 2s 6d James York, private, £3 15s 10d Total for privates of the Third Company, £382 5s 0d The pay of the Fourth Company followed. John Howard, captain, £59 6s 3d Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Samuel Desfountain, £36 14s 4½d James Greentree, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d James Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d James Greentree, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for James Greentree, £36 14s 4½d Robert Gosling, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Robert Gosling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Gosling, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Gosling, £36 14s 4½d John Moore, sergeant, £7 11s 8d John Leach, sergeant, £7 11s 8d John Terry, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Williams, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Thomas Pollock, sergeant, £7 11s 8d Total for sergeants, £37 18s 4d George Ward, corporal, £5 6s 2d Benjamin Seward, corporal, £5 6s 2d William Sharp, corporal, £5 6s 2d George Smith, corporal, £5 6s 2d Henry Bayfield, corporal, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £5 3s 10d Total for corporals, £26 8s 6d Carried over, £3,232 19s 7d Interpretations Henry Bayfield enlisted on 5 April 1771 and went straight in as a corporal. The other recruits that week started as privates. The Council evidently placed experienced men in rank as they came off the ships. Bayfield had probably served before, in the Company's Indian forces or in the King's army, and was trusted to command at once. | |
336 | 15th. July Brought over £ 3232 19 7 Drummers vizt. James Moyce 5 6 2 John Harper 5 6 2 10 12 4 Private vizt. John Allen 3 15 10 James Anderson Ent. 3 April 3 12 6 Geo. Bennet 3 15 10 Jos. Blackwell 3 15 10 John Bowler 3 15 10 Richd. Bickerstaff 3 15 10 Thos. Bailey 3 15 10 W. Blackman 3 15 10 Wm. Caleb Baldwin 3 15 10 James Boyce 3 15 10 Jacob Brew Ent. 3 April 3 14 2 Jos. Butcher do. do. 3 14 2 John Bates do. 5th. do. 3 12 6 Robt. Buckles do. 5 do. 3 12 6 John Bread do. 24 do. 2 16 5 Willm. Corksey 3 15 10 Duncan Cameron 3 15 10 Richd. Close 3 15 10 Jos. Cummings 3 15 10 John Chinnan 3 15 10 Thos. Christian 3 15 10 Saml. Clara 3 15 10 John Campion 3 15 10 John Cotton Ent. 3 do. 3 14 2 John Dawson 3 15 10 James Dennis 3 15 10 John Deace do. 5th. do. 3 12 6 John Eastman do. 3 do. 3 14 2 Chas. Field 3 15 10 Private Carr. over £ 108 [...] Carried over £ 3243 11 11 | The Fourth Company's pay list continued from £3,232 19s 7d brought over. Brought over, £3,232 19s 7d James Moyse, drummer, £5 6s 2d John Harper, drummer, £5 6s 2d Total for drummers, £10 12s 4d John Allen, private, £3 15s 10d James Anderson, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d George Bennet, private, £3 15s 10d Joseph Blackwell, private, £3 15s 10d John Bowler, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Bickerstaff, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Bailey, private, £3 15s 10d William Blackman, private, £3 15s 10d William Caleb Baldwin, private, £3 15s 10d James Boyce, private, £3 15s 10d Jacob Bennet, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Joseph Butcher, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d John Bates, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Robert Buckles, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 12s 6d John Beard, private, enlisted on 29 April 1771, £2 16s 8d William Cooksey, private, £3 15s 10d Duncan Cannon, private, £3 15s 10d Richard Close, private, £3 15s 10d Isaac Cummings, private, £3 15s 10d John Coleman, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Christian, private, £3 15s 10d Samuel Clan, private, £3 15s 10d John Cooper, private, £3 15s 10d John Cotton, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Thomas Dawson, private, £3 15s 10d James Dennis, private, £3 15s 10d John Deace, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d John Eastman, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Charles Field, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried over, £108 [...] Carried over, £3,243 11s 11d Interpretations John Beard, entered on 29 April 1771, was one of the four deserters from India who gave themselves up that day. He was kept, like the others, to serve out his contract. His pay ran from the day of his surrender, as Samuel Steel's did in the Second Company. | |
337 | 1771 Brought over £ 3243 11 11 Private brought over £ 108 [...] Henry Friendly 3 15 10 Thos. Ferris 3 15 10 Wm. Faircliff 3 15 10 Fras. Flynn 3 15 10 Geo. Green 3 15 10 John Gilmore 3 15 10 Edwd. German 3 15 10 Robt. Goodfellow Ent. 3 April 3 14 2 Fred. Gallows do. 3 do. 3 14 2 Wm. Goulding do. do. do. 3 14 2 Edwd. Graves do. 5th. do. 3 12 6 Henry Harenburg 3 15 10 Roger Hayden 3 15 10 Henry Hamilton 3 15 10 Thos. Hilliard 3 15 10 Robt. Harmer 3 15 10 Wm. Hayles 3 15 10 Christ. Johnson 3 15 10 Thos. Johnson 3 15 10 John Johnson Ent. 5 do. 3 12 6 John Joyce 3 15 10 James Jordan 3 15 10 John Jones 3 15 10 Geo. German Ent. 3 do. 3 14 2 R. Kempton 3 15 10 Michl. Lacy 3 15 10 Thos. Lyne 3 15 10 Chas. Lewellin 3 15 10 Timothy Lacy 3 15 10 Murdock McCloud 3 15 10 Thos. McLeeman 3 15 10 John Joyce 3 15 10 Wm. Morgan Private Carr. over £ 232 9 2 Carried over £ 3243 11 11 | The Fourth Company's privates continued from £108 0s 0d brought over. Brought over, £3,243 11s 11d Privates brought over, £108 0s 0d Henry Friendly, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Ferris, private, £3 15s 10d William Fairclough, private, £3 15s 10d Francis Flynn, private, £3 15s 10d George Green, private, £3 15s 10d John Gilmore, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Gorman, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Goodfellow, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Frederick Gallows, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d William Goulding, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d Edward Groves, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Henry Greenbury, private, £3 15s 10d Roger Hayden, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Hamilton, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hilliard, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Haynes, private, £3 15s 10d William Hayles, private, £3 15s 10d Christopher Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d John Johnson, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d John Joyce, private, £3 15s 10d James Jordan, private, £3 15s 10d John Jones, private, £3 15s 10d George German, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Richard Kempton, private, £3 15s 10d Michael Leary, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Lyne, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Lucken, private, £3 15s 10d Timothy Lacy, private, £3 15s 10d Murdock McLeod, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas McDurman, private, £3 15s 10d John Joyce, private, £3 15s 10d William Morgan, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried over, £232 9s 2d Carried over, £3,243 11s 11d | |
338 | 1771 Brought over £ 3243 11 11 Private brought over £ 108 [...] Henry Friendly 3 15 10 Thos. Ferris 3 15 10 Wm. Faircliff 3 15 10 Fras. Flynn 3 15 10 Geo. Green 3 15 10 John Gilmore 3 15 10 Edwd. German 3 15 10 Robt. Goodfellow Ent. 3 April 3 14 2 Fred. Gallows do. 3 do. 3 14 2 Wm. Goulding do. do. do. 3 14 2 Edwd. Graves do. 5th. do. 3 12 6 Henry Harenburg 3 15 10 Roger Hayden 3 15 10 Henry Hamilton 3 15 10 Thos. Hilliard 3 15 10 Robt. Harmer 3 15 10 Wm. Hayles 3 15 10 Christ. Johnson 3 15 10 Thos. Johnson 3 15 10 John Johnson Ent. 5 do. 3 12 6 John Joyce 3 15 10 James Jordan 3 15 10 John Jones 3 15 10 Geo. German Ent. 3 do. 3 14 2 R. Kempton 3 15 10 Michl. Kacy 3 15 10 Thos. Lyne 3 15 10 Chas. Lewellin 3 15 10 Timothy Lacy 3 15 10 Murdock McCloud 3 15 10 Thos. McLeeman 3 15 10 John Joyce 3 15 10 Wm. Morgan Private Carr. over £ 232 9 2 Carried over £ 3243 11 11 | The Fourth Company's privates continued from £108 0s 0d brought over. Brought over, £3,243 11s 11d Privates brought over, £108 0s 0d Henry Friendly, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Ferris, private, £3 15s 10d William Fairclough, private, £3 15s 10d Francis Flynn, private, £3 15s 10d George Green, private, £3 15s 10d John Gilmore, private, £3 15s 10d Edward Gorman, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Goodfellow, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Frederick Gallows, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d William Goulding, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 14s 2d Edward Groves, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Henry Greenbury, private, £3 15s 10d Roger Hayden, private, £3 15s 10d Henry Hamilton, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Hilliard, private, £3 15s 10d Robert Haynes, private, £3 15s 10d William Hayles, private, £3 15s 10d Christopher Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d John Johnson, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d John Joyce, private, £3 15s 10d James Jordan, private, £3 15s 10d John Jones, private, £3 15s 10d George German, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Richard Kempton, private, £3 15s 10d Michael Leary, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Lyne, private, £3 15s 10d Charles Lucken, private, £3 15s 10d Timothy Lacy, private, £3 15s 10d Murdock McLeod, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas McDurman, private, £3 15s 10d John Moyes, private, £3 15s 10d William Morgan, private, £3 15s 10d Privates carried over, £232 9s 2d Carried over, £3,243 11s 11d | |
339 | 1771 Brought over £ 3243 11 11 Private brought over £ 347 17 6 John Windall Ent. 3 April 3 14 2 James Wilkinson do. 5 do. 3 12 6 Robt. Woody 5 do. 3 12 6 James Gould 5 do. 3 12 6 John Stockdall 3 do. 3 14 2 Wm. Tucker 3 15 10 Wm. Taylor 3 15 10 Thos. Sedman do. 3 do. 3 14 2 377 9 2 Artillery Company vizt. James Tyssel Captain 59 6 3 Thos. Leech Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ John Shirtley Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Robert Gillon Lieut. 27 7 6 Do. Diet Money 6 16 10½ Do. House Rent 2 10 36 14 4½ Serjeants vizt. John Whitchurch 9 2 John Turner 9 2 James Parfet 9 2 Thos. Jones 9 2 36 8 Corporals vizt. Sedgwick Whitnall 6 16 6 Benj. Holmes 6 16 6 Saml. Burgess 6 16 6 James Waller 6 16 6 27 6 Carried over £ 3824 4 5½ | The Fourth Company's privates concluded from £347 17s 6d brought over. Brought over, £3,243 11s 11d Privates brought over, £347 17s 6d John Windall, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d James Wilkinson, private, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £3 12s 6d Robert Woody, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 12s 6d James Gould, private, enlisted on the same date, £3 12s 6d John Stockdall, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d William Tucker, private, £3 15s 10d William Taylor, private, £3 15s 10d Thomas Tedman, private, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £3 14s 2d Total for privates of the Fourth Company, £377 9s 2d The pay of the Artillery Company followed. James Tippet, captain, £59 6s 3d Thomas Lock, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Thomas Lock, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Thomas Lock, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Thomas Lock, £36 14s 4½d John Shelley, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d John Shelley, diet money, £6 16s 10½d John Shelley, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for John Shelley, £36 14s 4½d Robert Gillon, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d Robert Gillon, diet money, £6 16s 10½d Robert Gillon, house rent, £2 10s 0d Total for Robert Gillon, £36 14s 4½d John Whitchurch, sergeant, £9 2s 0d John Turner, sergeant, £9 2s 0d James Pickett, sergeant, £9 2s 0d Thomas Jones, sergeant, £9 2s 0d Total for sergeants, £36 8s 0d Sedgwick Bothwell, corporal, £6 16s 6d Benjamin Holmes, corporal, £6 16s 6d Samuel Ringrose, corporal, £6 16s 6d James Walker, corporal, £6 16s 6d Total for corporals, £27 6s 0d Carried over, £3,824 4s 5½d | |
340 | 15th. July Brought over £ 3854 4 5½ Bombardiers vizt. Willm. Pink 6 16 6 Willm. Cabb 6 16 6 John Fox 6 16 6 Wm. Stapleford 6 16 6 27 6 Gunners vizt. John Smith 6 1 4 Thos. Yates 6 1 4 Philip Conning 6 1 4 Wm. Rankin 6 1 4 Wm. Harper 6 1 4 J. Griffiths disch. 15th. April 1 John Towers 6 1 4 Ch. Abraham 6 1 4 James Gray ent. 5th. do. 5 16 49 5 4 Drummers vizt. Jos. Purdy 5 6 2 Jos. Branston 5 6 2 Wm. Owen Fifer 4 11 15 3 4 Matrosses vizt. Willm. Allen 4 11 Thos. Alsworth Ent. 17 May 2 5 Benj. Burton 4 11 Wm. Blaven 4 11 Joseph Bowman 4 11 Thos. Bowen 4 11 Robt. Boyer Ent. 5 April & died 13th. June 1 19 John Cope 4 11 Robt. Cunningham 4 4 Matt. Charlton 4 4 John Coleman 4 11 Matt. Craven 4 11 Matrosses Carr. over £ 49 14 Carrd. over £ 3945 19 1½ | The Artillery Company's pay list continued from £3,854 4s 5½d brought over. Brought over, £3,854 4s 5½d William Pink, bombardier, £6 16s 6d William Crabb, bombardier, £6 16s 6d John Fox, bombardier, £6 16s 6d William Stapleford, bombardier, £6 16s 6d Total for bombardiers, £27 6s 0d John Smith, gunner, £6 1s 4d Thomas Yates, gunner, £6 1s 4d Philip Conway, gunner, £6 1s 4d William Rankin, gunner, £6 1s 4d William Harper, gunner, £6 1s 4d Joseph Griffiths, gunner, discharged on 13 April 1771, £1 0s 0d John Towers, gunner, £6 1s 4d Charles Abrahams, gunner, £6 1s 4d James Gray, gunner, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £5 16s 0d Total for gunners, £49 5s 4d Joseph Pride, drummer, £5 6s 2d Joseph Branston, drummer, £5 6s 2d William Owen, fifer, £4 11s 0d Total for drummers, £15 3s 4d William Allen, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Ainsworth, matross, entered on 17 May 1771, £2 5s 0d Benjamin Braxton, matross, £4 11s 0d William Blevin, matross, £4 11s 0d Joseph Bowman, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Bowen, matross, £4 11s 0d Robert Boyer, matross, enlisted on 5 April 1771, died on 13 June 1771, £1 19s 0d John Cope, matross, £4 11s 0d Robert Cunningham, matross, £4 11s 0d Matthew Charlton, matross, £4 11s 0d John Coleman, matross, £4 11s 0d Matthew Craven, matross, £4 11s 0d Matrosses carried over, £49 14s 0d Carried over, £3,945 19s 1½d Interpretations Joseph Griffiths drew a gunner's pay only to 13 April 1771. On 15 April the Council appointed him the Company's cooper, with his civil salary backdated to 1 April. Like William Gurrup the year before, he moved from the ranks to a trade at a higher wage. The overlapping fortnight paid him in both capacities. Thomas Ainsworth, the elder of the father and son in the Second Company, transferred into the artillery on 17 May. This was the same week as the other exchanges between the infantry and the guns. | |
341 | 1771 Brought over £ 3945 19 1½ Matrosses brought over £ 49 14 Willm. Childers Ent. 5th. April 4 7 Wm. Durham 4 11 James Dunn 4 11 James Dawson 4 11 John Downs 4 11 Willm. Downing prefered 5 16 4 Wm. Emmerson transf. 16 May 2 6 John Euston 4 11 Patrick Edrington Ent. 17 do. 2 5 Jos. Fellows 4 11 John Tanner do. 3 April died 20 May 2 8 Thos. Farr do. 5th. do. 4 7 Jos. Johnson 4 7 Christ. Greenawalt 4 11 Thos. Garrett 4 11 Thos. Grant 4 11 James Gillmore 4 11 Henry Gray 4 11 Thos. Green 4 11 James Griffiths 4 11 Owen Howard 4 11 Alexr. Henderson 4 11 Fras. Harding 4 11 Mullis Hopkins 4 9 Wm. Harrison Ent. 13 April 2 5 Mannard Hays 17 do. 4 11 Wm. Jenkins 4 9 Matt. Lawman 13 do. 4 11 John Lawson 4 11 Geo. Marshall 4 11 John Morse 4 11 Rice Morgan 4 11 John Mann 4 11 John Miller Matrosses Carr. over £ 195 17 4 Carr. over £ 3945 19 1½ | The Artillery Company's matrosses continued from £49 14s 0d brought over. Brought over, £3,945 19s 1½d Matrosses brought over, £49 14s 0d William Childers, matross, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £4 7s 0d William Durham, matross, £4 11s 0d James Dunn, matross, £4 11s 0d James Dawson, matross, £4 11s 0d John Dowes, matross, £4 11s 0d William Downing, matross, promoted, £5 16s 4d William Emmerson, matross, transferred on 16 May 1771, £2 6s 0d John Easton, matross, £4 11s 0d Patrick Etherington, matross, entered on 17 May 1771, £2 5s 0d Joseph Fellows, matross, £4 11s 0d John Tanner, matross, enlisted on 3 April 1771, died on 20 May 1771, £2 8s 0d Thomas Farr, matross, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £4 7s 0d Joseph Johnson, matross, £4 7s 0d Christian Grunewald, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Garrett, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Green senior, matross, £4 11s 0d James Gilmore, matross, £4 11s 0d Henry Grey, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Green junior, matross, £4 11s 0d James Griffiths, matross, £4 11s 0d Owen Howard, matross, £4 11s 0d Alexander Henderson, matross, £4 11s 0d Francis Harding, matross, £4 11s 0d Mathias Hoffer, matross, £4 9s 0d William Harrison, matross, entered on 17 May 1771, £2 5s 0d Maynard Hays, matross, entered on 17 May 1771, £4 11s 0d William Jenkins, matross, £4 9s 0d Matthew Cosman, matross, [...], £4 11s 0d John Lawson, matross, £4 11s 0d George Marshall, matross, £4 11s 0d John Moore, matross, £4 11s 0d Richard Morgan, matross, £4 11s 0d John Mann, matross, £4 11s 0d John Miller, matross, £4 11s 0d Matrosses carried over, £195 17s 4d Carried over, £3,945 19s 1½d Interpretations William Downing, who moved from the infantry into the artillery in October 1770, was promoted during the quarter. His higher pay reflected the step up to gunner or bombardier. John Tanner, whose death the Council recorded on 20 May 1771, had enlisted only seven weeks earlier. He was the second of that April's recruits to die within two months, after Stephen Tuck. | |
342 | 15th. July Brought over £ 3945 19 1½ Matrosses brought over £ 195 17 4 Cain Martin Ent. 3 April 4 9 Wm. Mackay do. 5 do. transf. 16 May 2 2 James Mannings 5 do. 4 7 Jona. Mallet do. 24 May 1 18 Thomas Nimble 4 11 Esau Nowland transf. 16 May 2 6 Robt. Nichols 4 11 James Pinnock 4 11 John Parker 4 11 Richd. Pearce 4 11 Thos. Price 4 11 Wm. Robinson 4 11 Robt. Riley 4 11 John Robinson Ent. 13 April 4 9 Chas. Russell do. 3 do. 4 9 Abraham Brown do. 5 do. 4 7 Andrew Spencer 4 11 Godfrey Smith 4 11 Stephen Swanson 4 11 Wm. Shore 4 11 Geo. Street 4 11 John Smith Ent. 3 do. 4 9 John Sheel do. 3 do. 4 9 Thos. Saby do. 3 do. 4 9 Michl. Scully do. 3 do. 4 9 Wm. Smith do. 5 do. 4 7 Andrew Iedrick 4 11 Richd. Waterhouse 4 11 John Wilson 4 11 Saml. West 4 11 John White 4 11 Thos. Watson 4 11 Matrosses Carried over £ 332 16 4 Carr. over £ 3945 19 1½ | The Artillery Company's matrosses continued from £195 17s 4d brought over. Brought over, £3,945 19s 1½d Matrosses brought over, £195 17s 4d Cain Marlen, matross, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £4 9s 0d William Mackay, matross, enlisted on 5 April 1771, transferred on 16 May 1771, £2 2s 0d James Mannings, matross, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £4 7s 0d John Mallet, matross, enlisted on 24 May 1771, £1 18s 0d Thomas Nimble, matross, £4 11s 0d Evan Rowland, matross, transferred on 16 May 1771, £2 6s 0d Robert Nichols, matross, £4 11s 0d James Peacock, matross, £4 11s 0d John Parker, matross, £4 11s 0d Richard Pearce, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Price, matross, £4 11s 0d William Robinson, matross, £4 11s 0d Robert Riley, matross, £4 11s 0d John Robinson, matross, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £4 9s 0d Charles Russell, matross, enlisted on the same date, £4 9s 0d Abraham Brown, matross, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £4 7s 0d Andrew Seaver, matross, £4 11s 0d Godfrey Smith, matross, £4 11s 0d Stephen Smithson, matross, £4 11s 0d William More, matross, £4 11s 0d George Frost, matross, £4 11s 0d John Smith, matross, enlisted on 3 April 1771, £4 9s 0d John Sherl, matross, enlisted on the same date, £4 9s 0d Thomas Saby, matross, enlisted on the same date, £4 9s 0d Michael Scolly, matross, enlisted on the same date, £4 9s 0d William Smith, matross, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £4 7s 0d Andrew Pidcock, matross, £4 11s 0d Richard Waterhouse, matross, £4 11s 0d John Wilson, matross, £4 11s 0d Samuel Wood, matross, £4 11s 0d John White, matross, £4 11s 0d Thomas Watson, matross, £4 11s 0d Matrosses carried over, £332 16s 4d Carried over, £3,945 19s 1½d Interpretations Andrew Pidcock and Stephen Smithson, the two matrosses who robbed the Company's stores on 12 March 1771, drew a full quarter's pay to 30 June. Pidcock's confession on 22 June came only a week before the quarter ended. Both were held for trial at the next quarterly sessions. Until a court convicted them, the paymaster had no authority to stop their wages. | |
343 | 1771 Brought over £ 3945 19 1½ Matrosses brought over £ 332 16 4 Thomas Williams deserted 13 April 1 10 William Weeden 4 11 John Wright 4 11 Edwd. Ware Ent. 5 April 4 7 Thos. Wade do. 5 do. 4 7 John Willson do. 17 May 2 5 Saml. Smith discharged 8 April 8 354 15 4 Pensioners vizt. Nathan Sampsell 13 15 11 Michael Frost 13 15 11 Mary Beale 7 10 Elizabeth Kennedy 7 10 42 11 10 £ 4343 6 3½ | The Artillery Company's matrosses concluded from £332 16s 4d brought over. Brought over, £3,945 19s 1½d Matrosses brought over, £332 16s 4d Thomas Williams, matross, deserted on 1 May 1771, £1 10s 0d William Weden, matross, £4 11s 0d John Wright, matross, £4 11s 0d Edward Ward, matross, enlisted on 5 April 1771, £4 7s 0d Thomas Wade, matross, enlisted on the same date, £4 7s 0d John Wilson, matross, entered on 17 May 1771, £2 5s 0d Samuel Smith, matross, discharged on 8 April 1771, £0 8s 0d Total for matrosses, £354 15s 4d The list closed with the Company's pensioners. Nathan Campbell, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Michael Frost, pensioner, £13 15s 11d Mary Beale, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Elizabeth Kennedy, pensioner, £7 10s 0d Total for pensioners, £42 11s 10d Total of the pay list, £4,343 6s 3½d Interpretations The pay list rose to £4,343 6s 3½d, from £3,844 5s 10d in the first quarter of 1771. Nearly all of the increase came from the men enlisted on 3 and 5 April 1771. About seventy recruits joined the four companies and the artillery in a single week, while the homeward fleet lay in the road. The Council had been warned by the Secret Committee to expect trouble, and it used the season's ships to fill the garrison well beyond its former strength. Those men cost the Company close to £500 0s 0d a quarter in extra pay. Thomas Williams went missing a few days before the fleet sailed on 4 May. The pay list stopped his wages at 1 May, the date the Council took as his desertion. William Weden, found in a seaman's chest aboard the Harcourt in July, still drew a full quarter's pay. His attempt to desert came after the quarter ended. | |
344 | 15th. July Dr. William Wrangham 1771 June 30th. To Cash £ 5393 17 1½ Carried over £ 5393 17 1½ | William Wrangham's debit account for the quarter ending 30 June 1771 recorded only the money he drew from the treasury chest. Cash received from the treasury chest on 30 June 1771, £5,393 17s 1½d Carried over, £5,393 17s 1½d | |
345 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1771 Apl. 15th. By Cash pd. Joseph Griffiths for working in the Coopers Shop from 18 March 2 6 10 16 By do. pd. Monday one of the Compys. Slaves for taking a Runaway Black who had absconded above a Fortnight 1 5 17 By do. pd. Capt. Purcel of Ship Latham for a Pinnace with Masts Oars & Sails 27 10 22 By do. pd. Charles Mentees Surgeon of the Calcutta for his care of 63 Recruits in their Passage to this Island at 5/. ea. 15 15 25th. By do. pd. for the followg. for the Honble. Company's Table vizt. 10 Cheeses Wt. 1 Cwt. 1 qr. 2 lb. £ 9 11 12 Hams 10 2 4 Cases Pickles 10 8 6 1 Cask Tongues 3 6 1 Jar Almonds 13 lb. Currants 112 5 12 1 Pot Salmon 1 16 2 Firkins Butter 8 2 Pots Minced Meat 18 4 Botts. Fruit 1 12 52 7 6 By do. pd. 1049 days Labourers Work bringing Goods from the Crane &c. from Ships Dk. of Richmond & Calcutta 52 9 By do. pd. Willm. Mumford for taking a Runaway Black who had absconded above a Fortnight 1 5 By do. pd. Mr. Greentree his Expences as Sheriff for Bailiffs &c. in the Year 1771 12 By do. pd. Capt. Lauder for Gardn. Seeds &c. from the Cape 1 10 Carried Over £ 166 1 4 | The credit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster recorded the following payments. Paid on 13 April 1771 to Joseph Griffiths for working in the coopers' shop from 18 March, £2 6s 10d Paid on 16 April to Munday, one of the Company's slaves, for capturing a runaway who had been gone more than a fortnight, £1 5s 0d Paid on 17 April to Captain Prince of the Latham for a pinnace with masts, oars and sails, £27 10s 0d. Paid on 22 April to Charles Mentres, surgeon of the Calcutta, for his care of 63 recruits on their passage to the island, at 5s each, £15 15s 0d. Cheeses for the Company's table, bought on 25 April, 10, £9 11s 0d Hams for the same, 12, £10 2s 0d Pickles for the same, 4 cases, £10 8s 6d Tongues for the same, 1 cask, £3 6s 0d Almonds for the same, 1 jar, £0 13s 0d Currants for the same, ½ cwt, £5 12s 0d Potted salmon for the same, 1 pot, £1 10s 0d Butter for the same, 2 firkins, £8 0s 0d Mincemeat for the same, 2 pots, £0 18s 0d Bottled fruit for the same, 4 bottles, £1 12s 0d Total for the table, £52 7s 6d Labourers' work bringing goods from the crane and from the Duke of Richmond and the Calcutta, 1,049 days, £52 9s 0d. Paid to William Munford for capturing a runaway who had been gone more than a fortnight, £1 5s 0d Paid to James Greentree for his expenses as Sheriff for bailiffs and other charges in 1771, £12 0s 0d Paid to Captain Lauder for garden seeds from the Cape, £1 10s 0d Carried over, £166 1s 4d Interpretations The payment to the surgeon of the Calcutta explains the wave of enlistments on 3 and 5 April 1771. The Calcutta had brought 63 recruits out from England for the garrison, and they were entered in the four companies and the artillery as soon as they landed. Paying the ship's surgeon 5s a head for their care on the voyage was a common incentive. A recruit who reached the island alive and fit was worth far more to the Company than the fee, and the surgeon earned nothing for a man who died at sea. Stephen Tuck and John Tanner, who died within weeks of landing, were among the men he had brought. The hams, cheeses, pickles, tongues and potted salmon for the Company's table were English and European delicacies bought from the ships in the road. They were the staples of a gentleman's table at home, which the island could not produce. The Governor's public table was expected to feed commanders and passengers in a style they knew from England. In a drought year, with fresh beef scarce, preserved meats and pickles helped fill the gap. Garden seeds from the Cape, bought from Captain Lauder, were to restock the Company's gardens after two dry seasons. | |
346 | 15th. July Dr. William Wrangham 1771 June 30th. To Cash Brought over £ 5393 17 1½ Carrd. over £ 5393 17 1½ | No new receipts appeared on this debit page, which simply carried forward the paymaster's draw from the chest. Brought over on 30 June 1771, £5,393 17s 1½d Carried over, £5,393 17s 1½d | |
347 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1771 Brought over £ 166 1 4 By Cash paid for the following for the Honble. Company's Table vizt. 3 doz. Eggs £ 4 6 1 Pig 5 8 Fowls 12 1 Bott. Curry Ingredients 3 lb. Beef 117 2 8 11 3 18 5 By do. pd. 35 days work receivg. Goods from Lord Camden and Europa 1 15 By do. pd. Captn. Purvis for a Long Boat with Mast and Sails compleat 34 10 By do. pd. the Coroner for an Inquest held on the body of Stephen Duck Deceased 1 5 May 8th. By do. pd. Boatmen to search for Deserters 10 By do. pd. for 10 Galls. Rum for the Honble. Compy. Table 3 7 6 By do. pd. Adam Evans for mendg. Sadlery for the Governor 10 6 By do. pd. Captn. Bazett for a Pinnace 6 By do. pd. John Whitchurch for 2 Firkins Butter for the Honble. Compy. Table 8 By do. pd. for the following for the Castle vizt. 1 Pr. Taylors Shears £ 2 6 1 do. Scissars 2 150 Needles 2 3 1 Green Thread 6 1½ doz. Green C. Buttons 1 11 12 8 By Cash pd. Captn. Poynting of Ship Resolution for a Pinnace 15 1 6 By do. pd. Wm. Hayes for a Bag of Hair for Repairs 2 6 By do. pd. for making a Coat for the Crier of the Court of Justice 1 Carried over £ 242 14 5 | The credit side of the paymaster's account continued from £166 1s 4d brought over. Brought over, £166 1s 4d Eggs for the Company's table, 3 dozen, £0 4s 6d Pig for the same, 1, £0 5s 0d Fowls for the same, 8, £0 12s 0d Curry ingredients for the same, 1 bottle, £0 3s 0d Beef for the same, 117 lb, £2 8s 11d Total for the table, £3 13s 5d Labour receiving goods from the Lord Camden and the Europa, 35 days, £1 15s 0d. Paid to Captain Purvis for a longboat with mast and sails complete, £34 10s 0d Paid to the coroner for an inquest on the body of Stephen Tuck, deceased, £1 5s 0d Paid on 3 May 1771 to boatmen for searching for deserters, £0 10s 0d Rum for the Company's table, 10 gallons, £3 7s 6d Paid to Adam Evans for mending the Governor's saddlery, £0 10s 6d Paid to Captain Bazett for a yawl, £6 0s 0d Paid to John Whitchurch for butter for the Company's table, 2 firkins, £8 0s 0d Tailor's shears for the Castle, 1 pair, £0 2s 6d Scissors for the Castle, 1 pair, £0 2s 0d Needles for the Castle, 150, £0 2s 3d Green thread for the Castle, [...], £0 4s 0d Green coat buttons for the Castle, 1½ dozen, £0 1s 11d Total for the Castle, £0 12s 8d Paid to Captain Poynting of the Resolution for a yawl, £15 1s 6d. Paid on 17 [...] to William Hays for a bag of hair for repairs, £0 2s 6d Paid for making a coat for the crier of the court of justice, £1 0s 0d Carried over, £242 14s 5d Interpretations In a few weeks of the homeward season the Company bought four boats from passing ships: a pinnace from the Latham, a longboat from Captain Purvis of the Valentine, and yawls from Captain Bazett and from the Resolution. Ships' boats were a commander's to sell. The island had no shipwright who could build such craft. The purchases gave the Council a fleet for inspecting the leeward coast, for landing stores and for chasing deserters, such as the boatmen sent out on 3 May, the day before the fleet sailed. Captain Tippet's walls in the gullies had to be built from the sea side, and the boats carried men and materials there. The coroner's inquest on Stephen Tuck, who hanged himself on 8 May 1771, followed English law. Every sudden or violent death required an inquest before burial. A verdict of suicide could also affect the dead man's burial and his property. The bag of hair was bought to mix into lime plaster, where it bound the mortar and stopped it cracking. The bottle of curry ingredients shows that Indian dishes had reached the Governor's table, brought by officers and servants who had served in the East. | |
348 | 15th. July Dr. William Wrangham 1771 June 30th. To Cash Brought over £ 5393 17 1½ Carried over £ 5393 17 1½ | Once more the debit page added nothing to the paymaster's single draw from the treasury chest. Brought over on 30 June 1771, £5,393 17s 1½d Carried over, £5,393 17s 1½d | |
349 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1771 Brought over £ 242 14 5 By Cash pd. for the following for the Honble. Compy. Table 1 Jar Mangoes £ 12 lb. Pork 16 3 17 doz. Eggs 1 5 6 3½ do. Fowls 3 3 lb. Onions 5 2 6 300 Lemons 7 6 1 Pig 5 60 Sweet Meats 2 8 13 Bottles Capers 18 9 9 6 By do. pd. Captn. Sealy of Ship Northington for 318 Yds. old Canvas at 6 ꝑ Yd. 7 19 By do. pd. John Lemon Abated his Pension to the 17th. June the day he left the Island 2 18 4 17th. June By do. pd. Captn. Hall of Ship Worcester £5 each for the Passage of Edwd. Cocker, John Shaw, John Lemon Willm. Rowlands, Thos. Read, John Wallace, Thos. Bailey, Wm. Emmerson, James Royce, John Bellrick, James Westbrooke and Thos. Watson twelve Invalid Soldiers to England 60 22 By Cash pd. George Bazett for 211 Sq. Glass 12 by 16 at 1/5 ea. 15 16 6 By do. pd. Boatmen to search for Deserters 10 30 By do. pd. Thos. Jordan for Mowing in the Long Wood 3 16 By do. pd. Wm. Jenkins for Baking Sea Biscuit Bread for the Garrison 13 11 6 By do. pd. the Fife Major for teachg. the Young Fifers 2 6 By do. pd. Labg. 54 days Work in bring. Stores from the Crane &c. from Ships Resolution Vansittart Northington & Worcester 2 14 By do. pd. Nojeedah Pocolum & Messengr. their Allowance for Provisions & House Rent 6 11 Carried over £ 368 6 3 | The credit side of the paymaster's account continued from £242 14s 5d brought over. Brought over, £242 14s 5d Mangoes for the Company's table, 1 jar, £0 12s 0d Pork for the same, 16 lb, £0 3s 0d Eggs for the same, 17 dozen, £1 5s 6d Fowls for the same, 3½ dozen, £3 3s 0d Onions for the same, 5 [...], £0 2s 6d Lemons for the same, 300, £0 7s 6d Pig for the same, 1, £0 5s 0d Sweetmeats for the same, 60 [...], £2 8s 0d Capers for the same, 13 bottles, £0 18s 0d Total for the table, £9 9s 6d Paid to Captain Sealy of the Northington for old canvas, 318 yards at 6d a yard, £7 19s 0d. Paid to John Lemon, his pension to 17 June 1771, the day he left the island, £2 18s 4d Paid on 17 June to Captain Hall of the Worcester, at £5 0s 0d each, for the passage to England of twelve invalid soldiers: Edward Corker, John Shaw, John Lemon, William Rowlands, Thomas Hunt, Hatton Walker, Thomas Bailey, William Emmerson, James Royer, John Bullbrook, James Westbrook and Thomas Watson, £60 0s 0d. Paid on 22 June to George Bazett for window glass, 211 squares measuring 12 by 16 inches at 1s 6d each, £15 16s 6d Paid to boatmen for searching for deserters, £0 10s 0d Paid on 30 June to Thomas Jordan for mowing at Longwood, £3 16s 0d Paid to William Jenkins for baking [...] batches of bread for the garrison, £13 11s 6d Paid to the fife major for teaching the young fifers, £2 6s 0d Labourers' work receiving stores from the crane and from the Resolution, Vansittart, Northington and Worcester, 54 days, £2 14s 0d Paid to Nakhoda Pocalun and Masfanger as their allowance for provisions and house rent, £6 11s 0d Carried over, £368 6s 3d Interpretations The Worcester took twelve invalid soldiers home at £5 0s 0d a head. They were the men discharged on 16 and 17 June 1771, together with John Lemon, the pensioner whose allowance stopped the day he sailed. As in March, the Company paid to ship home men too worn out to serve, rather than keep them on its pension list. The 300 lemons for the Company's table were bought from the ships to make punch. They would also have served as a guard against scurvy among the servants who ate and drank there. The 211 panes of window glass bought from George Bazett at 1s 6d each were of a larger size than any the stores held. They were probably for the officers' quarters or the Castle. Bazett, a writer in the Company's service, had evidently imported the glass privately and sold it to the Company at a profit. It was another instance of a servant trading on his own account through the island's needs. | |
350 | 15th. July Dr. William Wrangham 1771 30 June To Cash Brought over £ 5393 17 1½ Carr. over £ 5393 17 1½ | The paymaster's debit page was ruled through without any further entry, and the sum drawn from the chest stood unchanged. Brought over on 30 June 1771, £5,393 17s 1½d Carried over, £5,393 17s 1½d | |
351 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1771 Brought over £ 368 6 3 By Cash pd. 166½ days Stonelayers work in making a new Road up Ladder Hill 24 19 6 By do. pd. the Lieut. Governor for Mutton 3 By do. pd. for 19 Expresses upon Alarms 4 15 By do. pd. the Clerk of Arraignments & Cryer of the Court of Justice 12 6 By do. pd. 75½ days Smiths Work in cleaning Small Arms 5 13 3 By do. pd. 239 do. Stone Hewers Work at Ladder Hill 1/6 each 17 18 6 By do. pd. 26 do. Smiths do. at do. 1 19 By do. pd. for setting up Gun Carriages vizt. 17 Days Smiths Work £ 1 5 6 27½ Carpent. do. 2 3 10 12½ Painters do. 18 9 4 8 1 By do. pd. for the following Work at the Barracks vizt. 40 Days Sawyers at 1/6 £ 3 305¾ do. Carpent. at 1/6 22 18 7½ 75 do. do. at 1/3 4 13 9 41½ do. Masons at 1/6 3 2 3 86 do. Stonelayers at 1/6 6 9 54 do. Smiths at 1/6 4 1 38¼ do. Paintr. at 1/6 2 18 1½ 29 do. Coopers at 1/6 2 3 6 604½ do. Lab. at 1/. 30 4 6 79 10 9 By do. pd. for Repairing the Long Boats vizt. 62¾ days Carpent. £ 4 14 1 10 do. Sawyers 15 4 do. Smiths 6 18 do. Sailmakers 1 7 129½ do. Lab. getting Ballast 6 9 6 13 11 7 By do. pd. 117 days Lab. work carrying Lime to Old Womans Valley 5 17 Carried over £ 530 11 5 | The credit side of the paymaster's account continued from £368 6s 3d brought over. Brought over, £368 6s 3d Stone layers' work making the new road up Ladder Hill, 166½ days, £24 19s 6d Paid to the Lieutenant Governor for mutton, £3 0s 0d Paid for 19 express messengers sent on alarms, £4 15s 0d Paid to the clerk of arraignments and the crier of the court of justice, £0 12s 6d Smiths' work cleaning small arms, 75½ days, £5 13s 3d Stone blowers' work at Ladder Hill, 239 days, £17 18s 6d Smiths' work at Ladder Hill, 26 days, £1 19s 0d Smiths' work setting up gun carriages, 17 days, £1 5s 6d Carpenters' work on the same, 22½ days, £2 3s 10d Painters' work on the same, 12½ days, £0 18s 9d Total for the gun carriages, £4 8s 1d Sawyers' work at the barracks at 1s 6d a day, 40 days, £3 0s 0d Carpenters' work at the barracks at 1s 6d a day, 305¾ days, £22 18s 7½d Carpenters' work at the barracks at 1s 3d a day, 75 days, £4 13s 9d Masons' work at the barracks at 1s 6d a day, 41½ days, £3 2s 3d Stone layers' work at the barracks at 1s 6d a day, 86 days, £6 9s 0d Smiths' work at the barracks at 1s 6d a day, 54 days, £4 1s 0d Painters' work at the barracks at 1s 6d a day, 38¾ days, £2 18s 1½d Overseers' work at the barracks at 1s 6d a day, 29 days, £2 3s 6d Labourers' work at the barracks at 1s a day, 604½ days, £30 4s 6d Total for the barracks, £79 10s 9d Carpenters' work repairing the longboats, 62¾ days, £4 14s 1d Sawyers' work on the same, 10 days, £0 15s 0d Smiths' work on the same, 4 days, £0 6s 0d Sailmakers' work on the same, 18 days, £1 7s 0d Labourers' work getting ballast, 129½ days, £6 9s 6d Total for the longboats, £13 11s 7d Labourers' work carrying lime to Old Woman's Valley, 117 days, £5 17s 0d Carried over, £530 11s 5d Interpretations Labour at the barracks fell to £79 10s 9d in the quarter, a quarter of the £339 16s 10d of the first three months of 1771. The building was finished, and the men left on it were mostly carpenters and painters completing the interior. The Ladder Hill road took its place as the main work, with 239 days of blasting and 166½ days of stone laying. The 19 express messengers sent on alarms, against 16 in the quarter before, matched the busiest months of shipping. Lime carried down to Old Woman's Valley was the first sign in the accounts of the second leeward wall that Captain Tippet planned for the coming quarter. | |
352 | 15th. July Dr. William Wrangham 1771 30 June To Cash Brought over £ 5393 17 1½ Carried over £ 5393 17 1½ | Another blank debit page passed the paymaster's receipt from the chest forward as it stood. Brought over on 30 June 1771, £5,393 17s 1½d Carried over, £5,393 17s 1½d | |
353 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1771 30 June Brought over £ 530 11 5 By Cash paid for the following Work at Thomsons Valley vizt. 225 days Masons Work £ 16 17 6 34 do. Smiths 2 11 71½ Overseers 5 7 3 212 do. Stoneblowers 15 18 3427½ Lab. 171 7 6 212 1 3 By Cash pd. 201 days Lab. Work carryg. materials to Banks's 10 1 By do. pd. 3 do. Repairg. Prosperous Bay Guard Room 8 By do. pd. 6 do. do. Mundens Point do. 6 By do. pd. 7½ do. Overseers at Sandy Bay 3 14 By do. pd. 6 do. Lime Burning 9 By do. pd. 53 do. Lab. Haulg. up Long Boats 2 13 By do. pd. for enlargg. the Burying Ground vizt. 26 days Overseers £ 1 19 9 Stone Blowers 13 6 337 Lab. 16 17 19 9 6 By do. pd. for repairg. the Demi Bastion in James's Valley 99½ days Stone Cutters £ 7 9 3 25⅛ do. Stone blowers 1 18 2 23 Overseers 1 14 6 292¾ Lab. 14 12 9 7 Smiths 16 6 26 11 2 By do. pd. for 112 lb. Congo Tea 2/9 15 8 By do. pd. for 17 Ps. Long Cloth £1.10 25 10 By do. pd. John Price Sexton for makg. Graves for deceased Soldiers 1 7 6 By do. pd. do. as Marshall for Punishments and Imprisonments 1 16 3 Carr. over £ 850 6 1 | The credit side of the paymaster's account continued from £530 11s 5d brought over. Brought over, £530 11s 5d Masons' work at Thompson's Valley, 225 days, £16 17s 6d Smiths' work at the same, 34 days, £2 11s 0d Overseers' work at the same, 71½ days, £5 7s 3d Stone blowers' work at the same, 212 days, £15 18s 0d Labourers' work at the same, 3,427½ days, £171 7s 6d Total for Thompson's Valley, £212 1s 3d Labourers' work carrying materials to Banks's, 201 days, £10 1s 0d Repairing the guard room at Prosperous Bay, 3 days, £0 8s 0d Repairing the guard room at Munden's Point, 6 days, £0 6s 0d Overseers' work at Sandy Bay, 74 days, £3 14s 0d Lime burning, 6 days, £0 9s 0d Labourers' work hauling up the longboats, 53 days, £2 13s 0d Overseers' work enlarging the burial ground, 26 days, £1 19s 0d Stone blowers' work on the same, 9 days, £0 13s 6d Labourers' work on the same, 337 days, £16 17s 0d Total for the burial ground, £19 9s 6d Stonecutters' work repairing the demi-bastion in James's Valley, 98½ days, £7 9s 3d Stone blowers' work on the same, 25¾ days, £1 18s 2d Overseers' work on the same, 23 days, £1 14s 6d Labourers' work on the same, 292¾ days, £14 12s 9d Smiths' work on the same, [...] days, £0 16s 6d Total for the demi-bastion, £26 11s 2d Congou tea, 112 lb at 2s 9d a pound, £15 8s 0d Long cloth, 17 pieces at £1 10s 0d each, £25 10s 0d Paid to John Price, sexton, for digging graves for deceased soldiers, £1 7s 6d Paid to John Price as marshal for punishments and imprisonments, £1 16s 3d Carried over, £850 6s 1d Interpretations The wall at Thompson's Valley took more than 3,400 labourer-days in a single quarter, at a cost of £212 1s 3d. That was more than the barracks had cost in any quarter. Once the Council ordered on 15 April 1771 that the work begin at once, almost every hand that could be spared was sent down the gully. The 201 days of carrying materials to Banks's and the repairs to the guard rooms at Prosperous Bay and Munden's Point show the same concern spreading round the coast. Every landing place was being closed or watched. The enlargement of the burial ground, at 337 labourer-days, followed a year in which deaths ran high. John Price was paid as sexton for digging soldiers' graves and as marshal for carrying out punishments and imprisonments. The same officer flogged the living and buried the dead. | |
354 | 15th. July Dr. William Wrangham 1771 30th. June To Cash Brought over £ 5393 17 1½ Carried over £ 5393 17 1½ | William Wrangham's debit column again held only the cash he had drawn from the treasury chest. Brought over on 30 June 1771, £5,393 17s 1½d Carried over, £5,393 17s 1½d | |
355 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. Brought over £ 850 6 1 By Cash pd. Edward Daniels House Rent from 3 April at £20 ꝑ Annum 4 17 6 By Cash paid the following discharged Soldiers for Relisting to serve the Honble. Company five Years longer subject to the Articles of War their respective times to commence as follows vizt. Esau Nowland from 2d. April £ 10 John Holbrook 6 do. 10 James Kemp 6 do. 10 Thos. Berwick 6 do. 10 Willm. Clifton 6 do. 10 Henry Harenburg 25th. do. 10 Roger Hayden 8 May 10 Richd. Moyce 13 do. 10 Geo. Green 13 do. 10 James Hudson 19 do. 10 John Terry 24 do. 10 Philip Cook 31 do. 10 Richd. Johnson 21 June 10 Wm. Fulwood 25th. do. 10 Joseph Martin 30th. do. 10 150 By do. pd. the following Men for enlisting to serve the Honble. Compy. 5 Yrs. as Soldiers subject to the Articles of War their respective times to commence as follows vizt. John Langston from 4th. April £ 4 Fras. Wainwright 17th. do. 3 Saml. Steel 20th. do. 3 Men Enlisted Carr. over £ 10 Carr. over £ 1005 3 7 | The credit side of the paymaster's account continued from £850 6s 1d brought over. Brought over, £850 6s 1d Paid to Edward Daniels, his house rent from 3 April 1771 at £20 0s 0d a year, £4 17s 6d The Company paid a bounty to each of the following discharged soldiers for re-enlisting to serve five more years under the Articles of War, from the dates shown. Evan Rowland, from 2 April 1771, £10 0s 0d John Holbrook, from 6 April 1771, £10 0s 0d James Kemp, from 6 April 1771, £10 0s 0d Thomas Berwick, from 6 April 1771, £10 0s 0d William Clifton, from 6 April 1771, £10 0s 0d Henry Greenbury, from 23 April 1771, £10 0s 0d Roger Hayden, from 8 May 1771, £10 0s 0d Richard Moyce, from 13 May 1771, £10 0s 0d George Green, from 13 May 1771, £10 0s 0d James Hudson, from 22 May 1771, £10 0s 0d John Terry, from 24 May 1771, £10 0s 0d Philip Cook, from 31 May 1771, £10 0s 0d Richard Johnson, from 21 June 1771, £10 0s 0d William Fulwood, from 23 June 1771, £10 0s 0d Joseph Martin, from 30 June 1771, £10 0s 0d Total for re-enlistment bounties, £150 0s 0d It also paid bounties to the following men for enlisting as soldiers for five years under the Articles of War, from the dates shown. John Langston, from 4 April 1771, £4 0s 0d Francis Wainwright, from 17 April 1771, £3 0s 0d Samuel Steel, from 29 April 1771, £3 0s 0d Total for new enlistments, £10 0s 0d Carried over, £1,005 3s 7d Interpretations Fifteen soldiers whose terms ran out between April and June 1771 signed on again, each for £10 0s 0d. The Council kept almost every veteran whose time expired in the quarter, at a cost of £150 0s 0d. That was cheaper than shipping each man home at £5 0s 0d and bringing out a raw recruit to replace him. It also kept trained men in the ranks at a time when the island was preparing for possible war. Only the invalids sent home in the Worcester and a handful of others went. Edward Daniels, the new master mason, received a house allowance of £20 0s 0d a year on top of his salary, the same rate as a senior merchant's. The scale of the inducement shows how hard the Company found it to bring a skilled mason to the island. | |
356 | 15th. July Dr. William Wrangham 1771 30 June To Cash Brought over £ 5393 17 1½ £ 5393 17 1½ | William Wrangham's debit account for the quarter closed at the sum he had drawn from the treasury chest. Brought over on 30 June 1771, £5,393 17s 1½d Total, £5,393 17s 1½d | |
357 | 1771 Paymaster Cr. 1771 June 30th. Brought over £ 1005 3 7 Men Enlisted brought over £ 10 John Pole 29th. April 3 John Bread do. do. 3 Wm. Paddon 20th. May 2 John Griffiths 24th. June 5 23 By Cash pd. Chas. Wray Surgeon of the Dke. of Richmond for his care of 60 Recruits on their Passage to this Island 15 By do. pd. for the followg. for the Honble. Compy. Table vizt. 2 Pigs £ 10 3½ doz. Eggs 5 3 2 Chickens 1 6 lb. Pork 12½ 6 1½ lb. Beef 289½ 6 4 4½ 7 7 3 1050 10 10 By Amount of the Pay Account 4343 6 3½ £ 5393 17 1½ Island St. Helena 30th. June 1771 Errors Excepted (signed) William Wrangham Paymaster Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash for the Month of June last which is as follows vizt. | The credit side of the paymaster's account concluded from £1,005 3s 7d brought over. Brought over, £1,005 3s 7d Bounties for new enlistments brought over, £10 0s 0d John Pole, from 24 April 1771, £3 0s 0d John Beard, from the same date, £3 0s 0d William Paddom, from 20 May 1771, £2 0s 0d John Griffiths, from 24 June 1771, £5 0s 0d Total for new enlistments, £23 0s 0d Paid to Charles Wray, surgeon of the Duke of Richmond, for his care of 60 recruits on their passage to the island, £15 0s 0d Pigs for the Company's table, 2, £0 10s 0d Eggs for the same, 3½ dozen, £0 5s 3d Chickens for the same, 2, £0 1s 6d Pork for the same, 12½ lb, £0 6s 1½d Beef for the same, 289½ lb, £6 4s 4½d Total for the table, £7 7s 3d Subtotal, £1,050 10s 10d Amount of the pay account, £4,343 6s 3½d Total, £5,393 17s 1½d William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena on 30 June 1771, reserving the right to correct any errors. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for June 1771. Interpretations The Duke of Richmond brought 60 recruits from England, on top of the 63 landed from the Calcutta. Between them the two ships delivered 123 men to the garrison in the first days of April 1771. That explains why the pay list rose by nearly £500 0s 0d in the quarter and why so many privates in every company were entered on 3 and 5 April. The Directors had evidently decided to reinforce St Helena heavily that season. The reinforcement arrived within days of the King's ship Portland bringing the Secret Committee's first warning packet. Pay for the garrison and establishment, at £4,343 6s 3½d, made up four-fifths of the paymaster's outgoings for the quarter. The remaining £1,050 10s 10d covered the walls in the leeward valleys, the Ladder Hill road, the barracks, the boats bought from the ships and re-enlistment bounties. Almost every item was tied to the island's preparations for possible war. | |
358 | 15th. July Cash Dr. £ 1771 June 1st. To Balance Remaining 7991 8 8½ 3 To Exchange for two Sets Bills drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable as follows vizt. One Set to Captn. Nichs. Skottowe £ 500 One do. to Captn. Thos. Kirkpatrick 79 579 8 To Ship Vansittart 31 10 10 10 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to Mr. Willm. Douglass (or Order) 109 To do. for a Set of Bills drawn as above payable to John Blake Esqr. 400 13 To Ship Bridgewater 23 6 6 To Ship Huntingdon 23 17 17 To Exchange for three Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. Court of Directors payable as follows vizt. One Set to Captn. Nichs. Skottowe £ 168 5 One do. to Mr. Geo. Fotheden 76 12 One do. to Captn. Rd. Hall 60 304 17 To Ship Northington 19 13 6 To Ship Worcester 6 7 2 24 To Patk. Elliott decd. recd. the Amount of his Effects as ꝑ Consultation of this day 18 7 7 30 To James Powell recd. of him for Stores Sold in the Quart. ending this day 2348 10 4 To Plantation for Provision Sold 56 18 10 To Licences 12 10 To Customs recd. on 15036½ G. Spirituous Liquors 187 19 1½ £ 12313 6 7 | The Council's count of the Company's cash for June 1771 began with the money received. Balance remaining on 1 June 1771, £7,991 8s 8½d Exchange received on 3 June for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Nicholas Skottowe, £500 0s 0d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Thomas Kirkpatrick, £79 0s 0d Total for exchange on 3 June, £579 0s 0d Received on 8 June from the Vansittart, £31 10s 10d. Exchange received on 10 June for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to William Douglas or his order, £109 0s 0d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to John Blake, £600 0s 0d Received on 13 June from the Bridgewater, £23 6s 6d. Received from the Huntingdon, £23 17s 0d. Exchange received on 17 June for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Nicholas Skottowe, £168 5s 0d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to George Ashburner, £76 12s 0d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain R. Hall, £60 0s 0d Total for exchange on 17 June, £304 17s 0d Received from the Northington, £19 13s 6d. Received from the Worcester, £6 7s 2d. Received on 24 June for the belongings of Patrick Elliott, deceased, as recorded in that day's minutes, £18 7s 7d Received on 30 June from James Powell for stores sold in the quarter ending that day, £2,348 10s 4d Received from the Plantation for provisions sold, £56 18s 10d Licences, £12 10s 0d Customs duty on 15,036½ gallons of spirits, £187 19s 1½d Total, £12,313 6s 7d Interpretations Customs duty on spirits for the quarter came to £187 19s 1½d, on more than 15,000 gallons. That was over six times the 2,333½ gallons taxed in the first quarter of 1771. Every homeward ship of the season had landed arrack, as Company stores, as private trade or as so-called presents. The heavy flow of spirits explains why the Council introduced its oath on 24 June 1771 against arrack disguised as gifts. At 3d a gallon, the duty raised real revenue. The quantity also points to a great deal of drinking in a garrison of a few hundred men and their families. Store receipts rose to £2,348 10s 4d, the highest of the year, as the servants and planters bought from shelves restocked by the season's ships. With the officers' bills of exchange, these receipts lifted the treasury well above the low point of the spring. | |
359 | 1771 Per Contra Cr. 1771 30th. June By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Paymaster to pay Salarys &c. in the Quart. endg. this day 5393 17 1½ By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 6379 14 5½ In Cash Notes 539 15 6919 9 5½ £ 12313 6 7 | The money paid out of the Company's treasury in June 1771, and the balance left at the end of the month, were as follows. Paid on 30 June 1771 to various accounts through the paymaster for salaries and other charges in the quarter ending that day, £5,393 17s 1½d Balance remaining in coin, £6,379 14s 5½d Balance remaining in cash notes, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £6,919 9s 5½d Total, £12,313 6s 7d Interpretations The quarter's payments of £5,393 17s 1½d were the heaviest of the year. They swallowed almost the whole of what the homeward season had brought in. The treasury ended June with £6,919 9s 5½d, only about £150 0s 0d more than at the end of March. In the busiest months of shipping the island had taken in more than £4,000 0s 0d from store sales, officers' bills and customs. The 123 recruits, the annual clothing and the walls in the leeward valleys consumed it as fast as it arrived. The Company's reserve of coin on St Helena was holding steady only because its own servants were sending their savings home through the treasury. | |
360 | 15th. July We this day received the following Letter from John Robins Armourer vizt. To the Honble. John Skottowe Esqr. & Council Honble. Sirs As my contracted time with the Honble. Company expires in April next, and as I propose with Gods permission then to return to my native Country, I thought it my duty to inform your Honors of the same in case that it may meet with your Approbation to appoint some person to Supercede me. I am Gentlemen with respect St. Helena Your most Obedt. Hble. Servant 15th. July 1771 (signed) John Robins As we have been very unsuccessful with respect to the Armourers we have had from England we shall endeavour to provide ourselves with a proper Man for the Smiths Shop out of one of the next Years Ships. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | John Robins, the Company's armourer, wrote to Governor Skottowe and the Council on 15 July 1771. His contract with the Company would expire the following April. He intended, God willing, to return home then. He thought it his duty to tell the Council in good time, so that it could appoint someone to replace him if it saw fit. The armourers sent out from England had proved very unsatisfactory. The Council therefore decided to try to find a suitable man for the smiths' shop from one of the next season's ships. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The usual course was to ask the Directors to send a new armourer from England with the next year's recruits and stores. The Council chose instead to look among the crews of the passing ships. Its reason was stated plainly: the armourers sent from England had been poor workmen. An armourer kept the garrison's muskets, gun-locks and bayonets in working order. In a year when the island was preparing for war, a bad one was a danger. By recruiting from the ships, the Council could see a man's skill before it hired him, much as it had judged the soldiers from Bombay to be good men before paying their bounty. Robins's nine months' notice gave it a full shipping season to find his successor. | |
361 | 22 July At a Consultation held on Monday the 22d. day of July 1771 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 15th. July 1771 Saturday the 20 died William Birch Private. The Executor to the last Will and Testament of William Birch deceased this day presented the said Will desiring the same might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto. the Will is as follows vizt. Island St. Helena 11th. June 1771 In the Name of God I William Birch Soldier, being in a weak and low condition tho of sound mind & memory doe ordain this my last Will & Testament in manner and form following vizt. I recommend my Soul to Almighty God hoping for a blessed resurrection touching my Worldly Goods I give and bequeath unto William Brooks Soldier all my Money Goods Wearing Apparel and all other Effects belonging to me at the time of my Death, which I appoint the said Willm. Brooks my sole Executor of this my last Will and Testament revoking all other Wills by me formerly made in Witness whereof I hereunto set my hand and Seal this eleventh day of June and in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy one, and in the tenth Year of the Reign of his Majesty King George the Third. (signed) his William X Birch Mark Signed sealed & Delivered in presence of Us whose Names are hereto subscribed (signed) John Ham his Andrew X Iedrick Mark | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 22 July 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 15 July 1771. William Birch, a private, had died on Saturday 20 July 1771. The executor of Birch's will presented it that day and asked for it to be proved. The Council proved it on the oaths of the witnesses. Birch had made his will on St Helena on 11 June 1771. He described himself as a soldier, weak and in poor health but of sound mind and memory. He commended his soul to God, hoping for a blessed resurrection. He left to William Brooks, a soldier, all the money, goods, clothing and other belongings he had at his death. He appointed Brooks as his sole executor and revoked all his earlier wills. He made his mark on the will on 11 June 1771, in the eleventh year of the reign of George III. It was witnessed by John Ham and by Andrew Pidcock, who also made his mark. Interpretations Birch and both his witnesses were privates in the garrison. Neither Birch nor Pidcock could write. A soldier's will usually left everything to a comrade, as here, rather than to family in England. A friend in the same company could collect the dead man's pay and belongings at once, settle his small debts and see to his burial. Relatives at home might wait a year for news and never see the money. Andrew Pidcock witnessed the will on 11 June 1771, eleven days before he confessed to robbing the Company's stores. He was then still serving in the ranks, trusted by his comrades and unsuspected by the Council. | |
362 | 22 July Mr. Purling Reports that he has viewed the Land petitioned for the 11 February last by Messrs. William Young and Robert Gosling, finds the letting of the same no ways prejudicial either to the Honble. Company or Neighbourhood. As the said Lands are only wanted for the convenience of Fencing and the greatest part entirely barren thinks it should be let at a low Rent but as that part asked for by Young is better than the other judges one shilling and six pence ꝑ Acre a sufficient Rent for it, and a shilling ꝑ Acre for Goslings. We agreed to Lease the said Land at the Rent Mr. Purling mentions. Mrs. Margt. Alcock this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Margaret Alcock Sheweth That your Petitioner hath three Leases Expired two of which being for eleven Acres of Land lying in Sandy Bay and the other for one Acre in James Valley humbly request your Worships & Council will be pleased to Grant her Renewals of the same. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) 22 July 1771 Margt. Alcock Granted John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | Purling reported that he had viewed the land William Young and Robert Gosling had petitioned for on 11 February 1771. Letting it would cause no harm to the Company or the neighbourhood. The ground was wanted only to make fencing easier, and most of it was entirely barren, so in his view it should be let at a low rent. The part Young had asked for was better than the rest, and Purling judged 1s 6d an acre a fair rent for it, and 1s an acre for Gosling's part. The Council agreed to let the land at those rents. Margaret Alcock petitioned Governor Skottowe and the Council on 22 July 1771. Three of her leases had expired. Two covered eleven acres of land at Sandy Bay, and the third an acre in James's Valley. She asked the Council to renew them. The Council granted her request. The Governor signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The petitions for land on Barren Hill had waited more than five months for inspection. The Council had been occupied through the shipping season with the robbery, the walls in the leeward valleys and the measles ship. When Purling's report came, the Council departed from its usual flat rate of 1s an acre for barren ground, which it had applied to Knipe, Desfountain and Seale. It charged Young half as much again because his strip was better land. Setting rent by the quality of each piece, after a member of the Council had walked it, kept the Company from giving away usable pasture at the price of rock. | |
363 | 29th. July At a Consultation held on Monday the 29th. day of July 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 22d. July 1771 Mr. Nathan Sampsell this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Nathan Sampsell Sheweth That your Petitioner hath a Lease expired for eight and an half Acres of Land lying in the East Division of this Island humbly requests your Worships & Council will be pleased to Grant him a Renewal of the said Lease. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) Nathan Sampsell 29 July 1771 Granted The Lieutenant Governor Request to know from the Governor & Council if it will be agreeable to them for him to propose gathering Materials at the Long Wood for the Building of the House that the Honble. Company has Ordered to be carried into execution and to Fence in an inclosure round where the House is intended to be erected the Lieut. Governor Offers this, as it must take a long time to prepare as all the Materials | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 29 July 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 22 July 1771. Nathan Campbell petitioned the Governor and Council on 29 July 1771. His lease of eight and a half acres of land in the East Division of the island had expired, and he asked for it to be renewed. The Council granted his request. The Lieutenant Governor asked the Governor and Council whether they would allow him to begin gathering materials at Longwood for the house the Company had ordered to be built there. He also proposed to fence in an enclosure round the site where the house was to stand. He made the offer because preparing all the materials would take a long time. Interpretations The Directors had ordered a new house built at Longwood, the upland plain where the Lieutenant Governor already had his residence. Corneille asked leave to start collecting stone, lime and timber well ahead of the building itself. On St Helena every material had to be quarried, burnt or shipped in. Lime came over the ridge from Sandy Bay, and timber arrived only with the ships. Fencing the site first kept the Company's cattle and the wild goats off the ground. That mattered on an island where every enclosure was a defence against straying stock. | |
364 | 29th. July Materials are yet to collect, and the Dirt Mortar in the Wood so very bad that he apprehends he will be obliged to fetch the Major part of it from the Valley and is of opinion that it will take a twelvemonth before all Materials are collected to begin. As it will take a long space of time to collect Materials for Building a House in the Long Wood We think it adviseable that Mr. Cornelle should take every opportunity of Collecting the same and also to Fence in the Wood the situation fixed on for the House in order to raise Trees for shelter to the said House. On Monday last in the Afternoon the Governor Assembled the Council and laid before them a Complaint from Captn. Tyssel the Engineer against John Robins Armourer, Captain Tyssel being called in set forth that as he was reprimanding the said Robins for neglecting his work at the Magazine he the said Robins held up his Hammer to him Tyssel in a state of defiance, upon which he struck him over the shoulder with a small Cane he had in his Hand after which the said Robins still holding up his hammer to him saying he had no business in that Shop, upon which Captn. Tyssel asked him if he meant to knock his Brains out and declared if he offered to touch him he would run him through the Body. The above complaint appearing to us of a very heinous nature, & the Parties concerned producing no other Evidence but their own Story Captn. Tyssel positively asserting the truth of his Charge and Robins as positively denying that he held the hammer up to him until he was struck by Captn. Tyssel, we thought proper to depend upon Captn. Tyssels assertion, & having found the other to be of a litigious disposition therefore dismissed him the Honble. Company's Service. That on Wednesday last having occasion to meet on some business the said Robins desired to be heard on Captn. Tyssels Complaint, as he had an Evidence to produce to prove that Captn. Tyssel | The Lieutenant Governor explained that all the materials had still to be gathered. The mortar at Longwood was very poor, and he expected to have to fetch most of it from the valley. In his view it would take a year before enough had been collected to begin. Since gathering materials for a house at Longwood would take so long, the Council judged it wise for Corneille to collect them at every opportunity. He was also to fence the ground chosen for the house so that trees could be raised there to shelter it. On the afternoon of the previous Monday, 22 July 1771, the Governor had called the Council together and laid before it a complaint from Captain Tippet, the engineer, against John Robins, the armourer. Tippet was called in. He stated that he had been reprimanding Robins for neglecting his work at the magazine when Robins raised his hammer at him in defiance. Tippet struck him over the shoulder with a small cane. Robins kept the hammer raised and said that Tippet had no business in that shop. Tippet asked whether he meant to knock his brains out, and declared that if Robins tried to touch him he would run him through. The Council regarded the complaint as very serious. Neither party produced any evidence beyond his own account. Tippet firmly asserted that his charge was true, and Robins as firmly denied raising the hammer until Tippet had struck him. The Council chose to rely on Tippet's word. It had also found Robins to be of a quarrelsome disposition. It therefore dismissed him from the Company's service. When the Council met on other business the following Wednesday, Robins asked to be heard on Tippet's complaint. He said he had a witness who could prove that Captain Tippet [...] Interpretations With only two conflicting accounts, the obvious course was to hold the matter over until witnesses could be found, or to send it to the court. The Council decided at once on the officer's word. An armourer who threatened the engineer and commanding officer of artillery with a hammer in the magazine, if the charge was true, struck at the authority the whole garrison rested on. Robins's own reputation for quarrelling tipped the balance against him. He had given notice only a week earlier that he meant to leave the Company in April 1771. The Council had already resolved to find a better armourer from the ships, so dismissing him early cost it little. His request to be heard again, now with a witness, put that hasty judgment to the test. | |
365 | 1771 Tyssel was the first Aggressor by having struck him first which Lewis he shewed as the marks of, and was before he lifted up his Hammer, & without giving him any provocation which Evidence he did not think of producing on the Tuesday before as the thing was so sudden that he had not time to enquire whether there was any person tooke saw the transaction, upon which we appointed Monday the 29 for a further Examination. Robert Nichols Matross being duly sworn Deposeth that on Monday last he came up to Robins the Armourer who was standing between the Armourers & Smiths Shops, that the said Robins had in his Hand a small Hammer, and was going into the Armourers Shop when Captn. Tyssel said to him Armourer you Rascal why do you not mind your duty, he replied he was, Captn. Tyssel then said that was not his duty that he was about, the Armourer said it was his duty, Captn. Tyssel then struck him a blow with a small Cane, this deponent then looked & saw the Armourer with a small Hammer in his Hand, holding it up in a threatening manner and leaving Captn. Tyssel & the Armourer at high words, he turned himself about in order to go down upon the Line & heard Captain Tyssel say you Rascal are you going to knock me down with the Hammer. This Deponent being asked in what position the Armourer had the Hammer before he was struck replied he does not know but says when he looked after the blow he saw the Armourer hold the Hammer up. This Deponent further says that before Captn. Tyssel struck the Armourer he saw him give him a shove into the Shop, & likewise saw the Armourer shove Captn. Tyssel back again. Serjeant Henry Howell being duly Sworn Deposeth that he was at Robins's House one day last Week, & heard Robert Nichols tell Robins that Captn. Tyssel struck him twice, & did not believe that Robins held up the Hammer with any other view than to defend himself, & heard Robins say that he did not know whether Captn. Tyssel struck him once or twice, Robins then asked this Deponent whether he heard Nichols say whether Captn. Tyssel struck him before he held up the Hammer or after, this Deponent replied that he heard the said Nichols say he struck him before. | Robins said his witness would prove that Tippet had been the aggressor. Tippet had struck him first, which he showed by the marks on his body, before he raised his hammer, and without any provocation. He had not produced this evidence on the Monday because the incident had happened so suddenly that he had no time to find out whether anyone had seen it. The Council set Monday 29 July 1771 for a further examination. Robert Nichols, a matross, gave evidence on oath. On the Monday in question he had come up to Robins, the armourer, who was standing between the armourer's and smiths' shops. Robins had a small hammer in his hand and was going into the armourer's shop. Captain Tippet called him a rascal and asked why he did not mind his duty. Robins replied that he was doing it. Tippet then said the work he was about was not his duty. Robins answered that it was. Tippet then struck him with a small cane. Nichols looked round and saw the armourer holding up a small hammer in a threatening way. Hearing the two men at high words, he turned to go down to the sea, and heard Captain Tippet say, "You rascal, are you going to knock me down with the hammer?" Asked in what position the armourer had held the hammer before he was struck, Nichols said he did not know. He said only that when he looked round after the blow, he saw the armourer holding the hammer up. He added that before Tippet struck the armourer, he had seen Tippet give him a shove into the shop, and had seen the armourer shove Tippet back. Sergeant Henry Howell gave evidence on oath. One day the previous week he had been in Robins's house and heard Robert Nichols tell Robins that Captain Tippet had struck him twice. Nichols said he did not believe Robins had raised the hammer for any purpose other than to defend himself. Howell heard Robins say he did not know whether Tippet had struck him once or twice. Robins then asked Howell whether he had heard Nichols say if Tippet struck him before or after he raised the hammer. Howell replied that he had heard Nichols say Tippet struck him first. Interpretations Nichols's sworn account differed in an important way from the version Howell said he had given privately at Robins's house. Under oath before the Council, Nichols said he did not know how the hammer was held before the blow, and saw it raised only afterwards. In private he had apparently told Robins that Tippet struck first and that the hammer was raised only in self-defence. A matross would naturally be wary of contradicting his own captain before the Governor. On both accounts, however, Tippet had shoved Robins into the shop and struck him with his cane before the hammer was seen raised. That undermined the core of Tippet's charge that the armourer had threatened him first. | |
366 | 29th. July Phillip Conner Gunner being duly sworn saith that on Monday last in the Afternoon standing upon the Parade at some distance from the Armourers Shop, heard Captn. Tyssel Order Robins to go about his duty & saw Captn. Tyssel strike the said Robins & at the same time saw Robins holding a Hammer up with one of his Hands & the other of his Hands against Captn. Tyssels breast keeping him off, and further heard Captn. Tyssel say are you going to strike me with the Hammer, & saw Captn. Tyssels Cane drop out of his Hand. This Deponent being asked whether he saw the said Robins hold up the Hammer before Captn. Tyssel struck him or after, declares he saw the Hammer up when the blow was given, but does not know whether the said Robins had it up before the blow. Being asked by Captn. Tyssel whether he saw Robt. Nicholls upon the Parade when the Blow was given, declares he did not see him there or near the place. William Durham Matross being Sworn declares that on Monday last he saw Captn. Tyssel and the Armourer standing opposite the Smiths Shop face to face, Captn. Tyssel with his right Hand stretched out with a small Cane in it, and Robins with his Hand also stretched out with a Hammer in his. Being asked by Captn. Tyssel whether he saw Robert Nicholls upon the Parade says he did not see him but that he might be there. Thomas Jones Serjeant & Samuel Burgess Corporal being both Sworn, & Captn. Tyssel asking them whether they saw Robert Nicholls standing upon the Parade or any where thereabouts during the fray with the Armourer, declares neither of them saw him as they came down upon the Parade after the dispute was over. James Proctor Private being duly Sworn deposeth that Robert Nicholls came to the Saw Pit where he was at Work on Monday last, & told him there had been some Words between Captn. Tyssel & the Armourer Robins, and that Captain Tyssel had struck the Armourer. | Philip Conway, a gunner, gave evidence on oath. On the previous Monday afternoon he had been standing on the Parade some distance from the armourer's shop. He heard Captain Tippet order Robins to get on with his duty, and saw Tippet strike him. At the same moment he saw Robins holding up a hammer in one hand, with the other hand against Tippet's chest, pushing him off. He also heard Tippet say, "Are you going to strike me with the hammer?", and saw Tippet's cane fall from his hand. Asked whether he had seen Robins raise the hammer before or after Tippet struck him, Conway said he saw the hammer up when the blow was given, but could not say whether Robins had raised it before. Asked by Captain Tippet whether he had seen Robert Nichols on the Parade when the blow was struck, he said he had not seen Nichols there or anywhere near. William Durham, a matross, gave evidence on oath. On the previous Monday he had seen Captain Tippet and the armourer standing face to face opposite the smiths' shop. Tippet had his right hand stretched out with a small cane in it, and Robins had his hand stretched out with a hammer in it. Asked by Tippet whether he had seen Robert Nichols on the Parade, he said he had not seen him but that he might have been there. Thomas Jones, a sergeant, and Samuel Ringrose, a corporal, both gave evidence on oath. Tippet asked them whether they had seen Robert Nichols standing on the Parade, or anywhere near it, during the quarrel with the armourer. Neither had seen him. They saw him only when they came down to the Parade after the dispute was over. James Procter, a private, gave evidence on oath. Robert Nichols had come to the saw pit where Procter was working that Monday, and told him there had been words between Captain Tippet and Robins the armourer, and that Tippet had struck the armourer. Interpretations Tippet's questions to the witnesses aimed at one point: whether Nichols had been on the Parade at all. If Nichols had not seen the quarrel, his evidence, the only account that put Tippet's blow first, would fall. Neither Conway, Durham, Jones nor Ringrose had seen him there. Procter's evidence, however, showed that Nichols had spread the story of the blow within the hour, before there was any hearing to take sides in. On the main question, every witness who saw the incident placed the hammer and the cane in the air together, with Tippet's blow falling as Robins raised his hand. No one could say Robins threatened first, which had been the whole of Tippet's charge. | |
367 | 1771 The Partys concerned having no other Evidences to produce and it appearing to Us from the above Examination that Capt. Tyssel had been Rash & unguarded by striking the Armourer, as it has not been proved to Us that the Armourer lifted up his Hand against him before the blow was given: We on this consideration Agreed to restore him again to his Employ which he refused alledging for reason that he could not live under Captain Tyssel. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | Neither party had any further evidence to offer. From the examination, the Council concluded that Captain Tippet had acted rashly and without proper care in striking the armourer. It had not been proved that the armourer raised his hand against Tippet before the blow was struck. On that basis the Council agreed to restore Robins to his post. Robins refused, saying he could not go on serving under Captain Tippet. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations A week earlier the Council had dismissed Robins on Tippet's word alone. The easy course now was to let the dismissal stand. Reversing it meant publicly finding fault with the engineer and captain of artillery, the officer on whom the island's defence works depended, in favour of a man the Council had already called quarrelsome. It reversed itself all the same. Once witnesses had been heard, the record showed that Tippet's blow had come first and the charge of threatening him could not be proved. Keeping the dismissal would have punished a servant for defending himself against an assault by his superior. The Council judged that more damaging to discipline than censuring an officer. Its finding that Tippet had been "rash and unguarded" was a formal rebuke, written into the record for the Directors to read. Robins's refusal meant the Council lost its armourer anyway, nine months before his contract ended. His reason, that he could not serve under Tippet, was a fair one. The armourer's shop stood within the engineer's command, and nothing the Council could order would make the two men work together again. | |
368 | 5th. August At a Consultation held on Monday the 5th. day of August 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved & signed, dated the 29th. July 1771 Friday the 2 Died Elizabeth Daughter of John Skottowe Esqr. This day Arrived the Prince's Boat at Banks's at six o'Clock in the Morning Do. Do. The Honble. Company's Ship Prince from China We this day Executed the renewal of the following Leases vizt. Three to Mrs. Margaret Alcock Widow one for one Acre of Land at 5/. ꝑ Annum in James Valley, and two for two pieces of Land lying in the South Division of this Island one containing seven Acres & the other four both at 5/. ꝑ Acre. And one to Mr. Nathan Sampsell for eight and an half Acres of Land at 5/. ꝑ Acre lying in the East Division of this Island. We went on Saturday last to view Thompsons Valley which Wall is entirely compleated to the height of sixteen feet, agreable to our Orders, and incloses the whole of that Valley, we are of opinion that the Works is as strong as the nature of Dirt Mortar will admit of but entirely disapprove of that Cement for the Works without Lime and have given Captn. Tyssel Orders that the other Valleys be executed conformable to our Resolution of the 20 May last. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 5 August 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 29 July 1771. Elizabeth, the Governor's daughter, had died on Friday 2 August 1771. A boat from the Prime landed at Banks's at six that morning, and the Company's ship Prime then arrived from China. The Council signed the renewal of several leases that day. Three went to Margaret Alcock, a widow. One covered an acre of land in James's Valley at 5s a year. The other two covered two pieces of land in the South Division of the island, one of seven acres and one of four, both at 5s an acre. A fourth lease went to Nathan Campbell for eight and a half acres of land in the East Division at 5s an acre. On the previous Saturday the members had gone to inspect Thompson's Valley. The wall had been finished to the height of 16 feet, as the Council had ordered, and closed off the whole valley. In their view the work was as strong as earth mortar allowed. They strongly disapproved, however, of building such works without lime. They ordered Captain Tippet to build the walls in the other valleys in line with the Council's resolution of 20 May 1771. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The Council's order of 20 May 1771 had required the outer foot and a half of every fortification to be laid in lime mortar. Yet the wall at Thompson's Valley had been finished in earth. The Council could have ordered it taken down and rebuilt. It accepted the finished wall as sound enough, recording only its disapproval, and held Tippet to the rule for the walls still to come. Pulling down 16 feet of masonry that had cost more than 3,400 labourer-days would have left the island's most exposed landing open again for months. In a year of war warnings, a wall in place, however imperfect, was worth more than a better one not yet built. The rebuke came a week after the Council had found Tippet rash in his quarrel with the armourer. The renewed leases at 5s an acre show the rent for good cultivated land, five times the shilling an acre charged for the barren strips let to neighbours for fencing. | |
369 | 12th. August At a Consultation held on Monday the 12th. day of August 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Govr. Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved & signed dated the 5th. August 1771 Wednesday the 7th. Arrived the Lord Mansfields Boat at Banks's at nine o'Clock in the Morning Do. Do. The Honble. Company's Ship Lord Mansfield from Bengal Friday the 9th. Died Elizabeth Daughter of Mary Harper Widow The Lord Mansfield brought Us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship Lord Mansfield Rice Fine 60 Bags Mds. 121 Srs. 13 at 3.8 ꝑ Md. 453.9.6 Paddy 15 do. 22.20 at 1.12 do. 42.8.3 Sugar 10 do. 20 at 17 do. 340 Wax Candles 4 Chests 8 at 75 do. 600 Batavia Arrack 2 Leagrs. at 216 ꝑ Leagr. 432 1868.1.9 Charges Merchandize 135 Gunny Bags at 15 ꝑ C. 20.1 4 Mangoe Chests at 3 ꝑ do. 12.15.6 11 Jute Ropes at 12 ꝑ do. 6.6 6 Jute Twine 4 do. 3.3 Nails 4.11.6 3½ Ps. Gunnah at 27 ꝑ C. 6.14.9 20 Reed Mats at 3 ꝑ C. 2.14 12 Gunnys at 24 1.10 Weighmen & Packermen 4.12.3 Mortars 3.7.3 Duet & Poon 6.7.6 Boathire 135 200.5.6 Current Rupees 2068.7.3 E Excepted (signed) L. Darell Sub Accompt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 12 August 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 5 August 1771. On Wednesday 7 August a boat from the Lord Mansfield landed at Banks's at nine in the morning, and the Company's ship Lord Mansfield then arrived from Bengal. Elizabeth, the daughter of Mary Harper, a widow, died on Friday 9 August 1771. The Lord Mansfield brought supplies for the island, valued in current rupees. Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 maunds, at 3 rupees [...] a maund, 453 rupees 9 annas 6 pice Unhusked rice, 15 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, at [...] a maund, 42 rupees 8 annas 3 pice Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds, at 17 rupees a maund, 340 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds, at 75 rupees a maund, 600 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at 216 rupees a leaguer, 432 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Total for merchandise, 1,868 rupees 1 anna 9 pice Gunny bags, 155, at 13 rupees a hundred, 20 rupees 1 anna 0 pice Mango-wood chests, 4, 12 rupees 15 annas 6 pice Jute ropes, 11, 0 rupees 6 annas 6 pice Jute twine, 6 [...], 0 rupees 3 annas 3 pice Nails, 4 rupees 11 annas 6 pice Gurrah cloth, ¾ piece, 6 rupees 14 annas 9 pice Reed mats, 30, 2 rupees 14 annas 0 pice Gunnies, 12, 1 rupee 10 annas 0 pice Weighmen and packers, 4 rupees 12 annas 3 pice Mortars, 3 rupees 7 annas 3 pice Boat hire and peons, 6 rupees 7 annas 6 pice Sloop hire, 135 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Total for charges on the merchandise, 200 rupees 5 annas 6 pice Total in current rupees, 2,068 rupees 7 annas 3 pice L. Darell signed the invoice as sub-accountant, reserving the right to correct any errors. Interpretations The Lord Mansfield's two leaguers of Batavia arrack cost 216 rupees each, against 140 to 150 rupees on the Bengal ships that spring. The arrack price at Calcutta had risen by half within a few months, perhaps because the season's Batavia ships had brought less than usual. The island's arrack came only through Bengal and the passing fleets. A rise at Calcutta passed straight into the price of every dram sold to the garrison. It came in the same weeks that the Council was clamping down on arrack landed as presents. | |
370 | 12th. August Invoice of Ship Lord Mansfield Madeira Wine 3 Pipes at 209.2 ꝑ Pipe 627.6 Charges Merchandize Ship Hire 161 Mortars 3.3.9 Boat Hire 2.2.6 167.6.3 Current Rupees 794.12.3 E Excepted L. Darell Jr. Sub Accompt. The Expence of Artillery Stores & Stewards Accounts for the Month of July last were this day laid before Us, which were examined approved of and are as follow vizt. Artillery Stores Expended in July 1771 Guns fired, 4 lb., 1 lb., Powder expended lb., Powder expended oz. 7 An Alarm for a Ship passed by: Guns fired 6, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Powder for Ladder Hill Road: Guns fired 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 100, Powder expended oz. 0 Powder for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 53, Powder expended oz. 4 Total: Guns fired 6, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 166, Powder expended oz. 4 Tallow lb. 40 Lead Ball lb. 10 oz. 3 Spunge Staves No. 4 Match lb. 23 Hand Spikes No. 4 Copper Hoops 20 Copper Nails 1050 Cartridge Paper 1 Quire (signed) James Tyssel Capt. of Artillery | The Lord Mansfield also brought wine for the island, valued in current rupees. Madeira, 3 pipes, at 209 rupees 2 annas a pipe, 627 rupees 6 annas 0 pice Sloop hire, 161 rupees 0 annas 0 pice Coolies, 3 rupees 3 annas 9 pice Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pice Total for charges on the merchandise, 167 rupees 6 annas 3 pice Total in current rupees, 794 rupees 12 annas 3 pice L. Darell signed the invoice as sub-accountant, reserving the right to correct any errors. The Council examined and approved the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for July 1771. The artillery stores were used as follows. Alarm on 7 July for a ship passing by: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Powder for the Ladder Hill road, 100 lb Powder for various other services, 53 lb 4 oz Total: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 166 lb 4 oz of powder Tallow, 40 lb Lead ball, 10 lb 5 oz Sponge staves, 4 Slow match, 28 lb Handspikes, 7 Copper hoops, 20 Copper nails, 1,050 Cartridge paper, 1 quire James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Interpretations Madeira bought in Bengal had already made the long voyage out to India in the hold of a ship. The heat and motion of the passage were thought to mellow and improve the wine. "East India" Madeira that had crossed the tropics was prized in England above wine shipped direct from the island of Madeira. The Council ordered it from Bengal, as it had in its letter of 16 April 1771. Getting Madeira by no other route was only part of the reason. It was buying the better-travelled wine for the Governor's table, where Madeira had been the commonest wine poured all year. July was the quietest month in the artillery accounts since the homeward season began. There was a single alarm and no salutes. Almost all the powder went to blasting the Ladder Hill road, which used 100 lb in the month. | |
371 | 1771 Sundrys Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in July 1771 £ Botts. Madeira 42 4 4 Port 26 1 19 Lisbon 24 1 16 Mountain 6 9 Beer 59 11 2¾ G. Arrack 13½ 2 14 9 lb. Beef 129½ 2 14 2½ Mutton 217 4 10 5 Turkeys 4 1 Fowls 21 1 11 6 Ducks 3 4 6 Geese 2 12 lb. Butter 9 9 lb. Candy 23 1 2 lb. Flour 522 4 7 Lambs 2 1 Pigs 5 1 5 Goat 1 10 £ 30 17 7¾ Finding that we are not likely to recover any more of the Money stolen from the Honble. Company's Stores on the 13 March last than the following Sums vizt. Received of Andrew Iedrick found in a Bag £ 85 Do. found in his Pocket 2 4 10 Do. for his effects sold at Publick Auction 2 13 6 89 18 4 Received of Stephen Swanson found in a Bag 80 12 £ 170 10 4 We Ordered the above sum to be brought to the Company's Cash Account. | The provisions used at the Company's table in July 1771 were as follows. Madeira, 42 bottles, £4 4s 0d Port, 26 bottles, £1 19s 0d Lisbon wine, 24 bottles, £1 16s 0d Mountain wine, 6 bottles, £0 9s 0d Beer, 59 bottles, £0 11s [...] Arrack, 18¼ gallons, £2 14s 9d Beef, 129½ lb, £2 14s 2½d Mutton, 217 lb, £4 10s 5d Turkeys, 4, £1 0s 0d Fowls, 21, £1 11s 6d Ducks, 3, £0 4s 6d Geese, 2, £0 10s 0d Butter, 9 lb, £0 9s 0d Sugar candy, 44 lb, £1 2s 0d Flour, 522 lb, £4 7s 0d Lambs, 2, £1 0s 0d Pigs, 5, £1 5s 0d Goat, 1, £0 10s 0d Total, £30 17s 1¾d The Council judged that no more of the money stolen from the Company's stores on 12 March 1771 was likely to be recovered beyond the following sums. Received from Andrew Pidcock, found in a bag, £85 0s 0d Received from him, found in his pocket, £2 4s 10d Received for his belongings sold at public auction, £2 13s 6d Total from Pidcock, £89 18s 4d Received from Stephen Smithson, found in a bag, £80 12s 0d Total recovered, £170 10s 4d The Council ordered the sum to be entered in the Company's cash account. Interpretations The Council had written off the whole loss of £355 12s 11d to profit and loss on 15 April 1771, clearing the storekeeper of blame. Recovering £170 10s 4d brought back almost half. Bringing it into the cash account, rather than crediting James Powell, confirmed that the loss had been the Company's own and so was the recovery. Pidcock's belongings were sold at auction once he was held for trial. A felon's goods were forfeit, and the Company took the proceeds as part of what he owed it. The rest of the money had gone on the watch, buckles, tea, cloth and gold ring he had bought and resold, and on the coins he had given away. Butter reappeared at the table for the first time since the drought, at 9 lb. The winter rains had brought the pasture back far enough for the dairy to produce again. | |
372 | 12th. August Finding that most of the Cattle returned for Slaughter are expended and the Ships Arriving in a very sickly condition, we Ordered the following Advertisement to be published vizt. Island St. Helena 12th. August 1771 Whereas there were no additional Cattle returned for Slaughter in June last as expected. This is therefore to desire that the Planters will endeavour to add a few more to their Return made in December 1770, and send the same into the Secretary's Office on or before Monday next. As the Ships Arrive in a very distressed sickly condition and it will be impossible for them to proceed on their Voyage without a further refreshment which the Slaughter List will not admit of. Per Order of Council (signed) Bazett Secy. Daniel Cornelle Esqr. this day applied to Us to pay nineteen pounds seven shillings into the Honble. Company's Cash which Sum we have received, and given him Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to Messrs. Hanforth, Gibson and Hanforth (or Order) drawn at ninety days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | Most of the cattle the planters had listed for slaughter were now used up, and the ships were arriving in a very sickly state. The Council therefore ordered a notice to be published. The notice, dated 12 August 1771, explained that the planters had not returned any extra cattle for slaughter in June, as the Council had expected. It asked every planter to add a few more beasts to the return he had made in December 1770, and to send the new figures to the Secretary's office by the following Monday. The ships were arriving in a very distressed and sickly condition. They could not continue their voyages without further fresh provisions, and the existing slaughter list could not supply them. Matthew Bazett, the secretary, signed the notice on the Council's order. Daniel Corneille asked to pay £19 7s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council took the money and gave him a set of bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors, payable at 90 days' sight to Stamforth, Gibson and Stamforth or their order. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations On 31 December 1770 the Council had asked the planters to report by 1 June 1771 how many extra cattle they could fatten if the season proved kind. None came forward. The rains had brought back some pasture, but the planters evidently preferred to rebuild their herds rather than commit beasts to the Company's price. Their own calves had died in the drought, and a fattened bullock sold to a passing ship's officer privately could fetch far more. The Council could have ordered cattle requisitioned. It chose instead to ask again, now with a deadline of a week and an appeal grounded in the sick crews arriving in the road. Feeding those crews was the reason the Company held the island. A planter who refused a public request in such circumstances would find his next lease or petition harder to win. | |
373 | 19th. August At a Consultation held on Monday the 19th. day of August 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved & signed dated the 12th. August 1771 Wednesday the 14th. Died William Seale Junr. Planter Captain Henry Bazett this day presented the following Petition vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena The humble Petition of Henry Bazett Sheweth That your Petitioner is desirous of disposing of his right to some Ground lying in this Valley to Lieut. John Bazett request your Worships and Council will be pleased to give him leave so to do. And your Petitioner will ever pray (signed) 19 August 1771 Henry Bazett Granted The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Lord Mansfield vizt. | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 19 August 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 12 August 1771. William Seale junior, a planter, had died on Wednesday 14 August 1771. Captain Henry Bazett petitioned the Governor and Council on 19 August 1771. He wished to transfer his right to some ground in James's Valley to Lieutenant John Bazett and asked for leave to do so. The Council granted his request. The storekeeper then presented an account of the stores that had arrived short from the Lord Mansfield. Interpretations William Seale junior had been named an overseer for the South Division at the vestry of 1 April 1771, and his death left that parish office vacant within five months. Henry Bazett's transfer to John Bazett, his fellow officer in the Second Company and probably a kinsman, followed the pattern of John Shelley's grant to his sister in December 1770. Valley ground passed within families and between officers, but every transfer still needed the Council's leave. The Company kept a record of who held each plot facing the town's one street, and a say in who could hold it next. | |
374 | 19th. August Account of Stores short received from Ship Lord Mansfield vizt. C. qr. lb. 29 1 11 Rice short delivered in 13 Bags 1 3 27 Sugar do. do. in 1 do. 1 1 27 Paddy short weight occasioned by Wastage 1 Candles the Packages being in good Order Arrack vizt. No. 1 1 Leagr. Gages Galls. 143½ wants to fill 11 Gallons 2 1 do. 138 do. do. 8 do. 281½ 19 19 Received 262½ Gallons Wine vizt. No. 1 1 Pipe Madeira Gages Galls. 115 wants to fill 12 Galls. 2 1 do. do. do. 120 do. do. 13 do. 3 1 do. do. do. 117½ do. do. 11½ do. 352½ 36½ 36½ Received 316 Gallons St. Helena (signed) 19th. August 1771 Jas. Powell Storekeepr. Counted and examined the Honorable Company's Cash for the Month of July last which is as follows vizt. | The storekeeper's account of the stores that arrived short from the Lord Mansfield was as follows. Rice, 29 cwt 1 qr 11 lb, not delivered, being 13 bags Sugar, 1 cwt 3 qr 27 lb, not delivered, being 1 bag Unhusked rice, 1 cwt 1 qr 27 lb, short in weight through wastage, the packages being sound Candles, 0 cwt 0 qr 1 lb, short in weight through wastage, the packages being sound Arrack, leaguer number 1, gauged at 143½ gallons, short of full by 11 gallons Arrack, leaguer number 2, gauged at 138 gallons, short of full by 8 gallons Total arrack gauged, 281½ gallons Total arrack short, 19 gallons Arrack received, 262½ gallons Madeira, pipe number 1, gauged at 115 gallons, short of full by 12 gallons Madeira, pipe number 2, gauged at 120 gallons, short of full by 13 gallons Madeira, pipe number 3, gauged at 117½ gallons, short of full by 11½ gallons Total wine gauged, 352½ gallons Total wine short, 36½ gallons Wine received, 316 gallons James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 19 August 1771. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for July 1771. Interpretations The Lord Mansfield failed to deliver 13 of her 60 bags of rice and one of her 10 bags of sugar. Like the Egmont's 30 missing bags in July, these were outright shortfalls, not natural wastage. They pointed either to short loading at Calcutta or to provisions used or sold on the voyage. Recording them separately from the shrinkage in sound packages laid the loss at the ship's door for the Directors to pursue. The Madeira lost more than a tenth of its volume on the passage, about 12 gallons a pipe. Wine kept in wooden casks through the heat of the tropics leaked and evaporated, and that loss was part of what gave "East India" Madeira its prized character. The island paid for the full pipes it never received. | |
375 | Cash Dr. 1771 July 1st. To Balance Remaining £ 6919 9 5½ To Exchange for two Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable as follows vizt. One Set to Captn. Robert Carr £ 76 12 One Set to Captn. John Cotton 1000 1076 12 6 To Ship Egmont 43 12 To Ship Harcourt 41 16 9 8 To Exchange for three Sets of Bills drawn as above and payable as follows vizt. One Set to Captn. Nathl. Paul £ 650 One Set to Josias Cotton & Sons 133 7 11 One do. to Captn. Eccles Nixon 300 1083 11 7 £ 9165 1 9½ Per Contra Cr. 1771 July 31st. By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 8625 6 9½ In Cash Notes 539 15 9165 1 9½ £ 9165 1 9½ John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling Margin Notes: 1771 | The Company's cash account for July 1771 recorded the following. Money received Balance remaining on 1 July 1771, £6,919 9s 5½d Exchange received on 1 July for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Robert Carr, £76 12s 0d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain John Cotton, £1,000 0s 0d Total for exchange on 1 July, £1,076 12s 0d Received on 6 July from the Egmont, £43 12s 0d. Received from the Harcourt, £41 16s 9d. Exchange received on 8 July for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Nathaniel Paul, £650 0s 0d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Josias Cotton and Sons, £133 7s 11d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Eccles Nixon, £300 0s 0d Total for exchange on 8 July, £1,083 7s 11d Total, £9,165 1s 9½d Money paid out Balance remaining in coin on 31 July 1771, £8,625 6s 9½d Balance remaining in cash notes on 31 July 1771, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £9,165 1s 9½d Total, £9,165 1s 9½d Governor Skottowe signed the account with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Bills of exchange brought in more than £2,150 0s 0d in July 1771, over twenty-five times what the two ships paid for their supplies. Wrangham's bill to Captain Cotton alone was worth £1,000 0s 0d. With no quarterly payments falling due, the treasury rose to £9,165 1s 9½d, its highest since October 1770. The island's coin was replenished almost entirely by its officers and the ships' commanders turning private earnings into claims on London. Without that traffic, the garrison's pay would have drained the treasury within two quarters. | |
376 | 26th. August At a Consultation held on Monday the 26th. day of August 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed, dated the 19th. August 1771. Tuesday the 20th. Arrived the True Britons Boat at Banks's at a quarter past ten o'Clock in the Morning Do. Do. Do. The Honble. Company's Ship True Briton from Bombay Do. Do. Died Thomas Green Matross Do. Do. Do. Caesar Augustus Son of Mr. George Alexander Planter This Day Do. Thomas Federman Private The True Briton brought Us the following Supplies vizt. Invoice of Ship True Briton Rice beaten fine 42 Bags at Mds. 6.30 283.20 at 24 Rupees ꝑ 18 Maunds 378 Batty 32 Bags or 3 Candies is Mds. 3.21 Srs. 10 at 20 Rs. ꝑ Maund 76.3.20 Surat Piece Goods 1 Bale Chelloes Blue No. 1 Cs. 1 Ps. 5 Rs. 18 1 11 at 98 Rs. ꝑ Cs. 173 Customs on Rs. 570 at 3 ꝑ Cent 14.40 Packing 7.2 Cooly Hire marking &c. 1.37 Boathire 6 27.3.77 497.3.77 Carried over Rupees 952.2.97 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 26 August 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 19 August 1771. On Tuesday 20 August a boat from the True Briton landed at Banks's at a quarter past ten in the morning, and the Company's ship True Briton then arrived from Bombay. Thomas Green, a matross, died the same day, as did Caesar Augustus, son of George Alexander, a planter. Thomas Tedman, a private, died on 26 August. The True Briton brought supplies for the island, valued in Bombay rupees. Fine beaten rice, 42 bags weighing 283 Surat maunds 26 seers, at 24 rupees for 18 maunds, 378 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Batty, 32 bags making 3 morahs 21 paras, at 20 rupees a morah, 76 rupees 3 quarters 20 reas Surat blue chelloes, 1 bale, [...], 470 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Customs on 470 rupees at 3 per cent, 14 rupees 0 quarters 40 reas Packing, 7 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Coolie hire and marking, 0 rupees 1 quarter 37 reas Boat hire, 6 rupees 0 quarters 0 reas Total for charges on the chelloes, 27 rupees 3 quarters 77 reas Total for the chelloes, 497 rupees 3 quarters 77 reas Carried over, 952 rupees 2 quarters 97 reas Interpretations The Council had asked Bombay on 16 April 1771 for 200 pieces of Surat chelloes, and this bale was the first part of that order to reach the island. Bombay charged a 3 per cent customs duty on the cloth before it left Surat, a cost the island bore along with the packing and boat hire. Beaten rice was rice pounded to remove the husk, ready for cooking. It cost the same per maund at Bombay as the fine rice sent earlier in the year, at 24 rupees for 18 maunds. Prices there had steadied after the spring's rise. | |
377 | 1771 Brought over Rupees 952.2.97 Military Stores vizt. Truck Carriages compleat 10 do. lb. 32 at 122.3.23 1223.20 18 do. 24 118.2.76 2136.2.68 1 do. 18 106.2.24 4 do. 12 89.1.20 357.80 4 do. 9 85.63 340.2.72 5121.3.24 Mortar Bed 13 Inch Compleat 585.30 Charges on Shipping the above Cooly & Boat Hire 34.2.20 Charges on Merchandize Gunny Bags 52.2 Hammallage 2.2.80 Lasparage 4.2 Boathire 2.2 62.80 Rupees 5601.11 Errors Excepted (signed) Ordered the following Advertisement to be Published vizt. Island St. Helena 26th. August 1771 This is to give Notice to all Persons upon the said Island that they are hereby required to send into the Secretary's Office on or before the 30 September next ensuing an exact signed Account of their Familys Lands and Cattle and to attend at the Castle on the 30 of | The True Briton's invoice continued from 952 rupees 2 quarters 97 reas brought over, with military stores. Brought over, 952 rupees 2 quarters 97 reas Truck carriages for 32-pounders, complete, 10, at 122 rupees 3 quarters 28 reas each, 1,228 rupees 0 quarters 20 reas Truck carriages for 24-pounders, complete, 13, at 113 rupees 2 quarters 76 reas each, 2,136 rupees 2 quarters 68 reas Truck carriage for an 18-pounder, complete, 1, 106 rupees 2 quarters 24 reas Truck carriages for 12-pounders, complete, 4, at 89 rupees 1 quarter 20 reas each, 357 rupees 0 quarters 80 reas Truck carriages for 9-pounders, complete, 4, at 85 rupees 0 quarters 63 reas each, 340 rupees 2 quarters 52 reas Total for truck carriages, 5,121 rupees 3 quarters 21 reas Mortar bed for a 13-inch mortar, complete, 1, 585 rupees 0 quarters 30 reas Coolie and boat hire for shipping the military stores, 34 rupees 2 quarters 20 reas Gunny bags, 52 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Porterage, 2 rupees 2 quarters 80 reas Lascar hire, 4 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 quarters 0 reas Total for charges on the merchandise, 62 rupees 0 quarters 80 reas Total, 5,601 rupees 0 quarters 11 reas The invoice was signed with the usual reservation for errors. The Council ordered a notice to be published, dated 26 August 1771. It required every person on the island to send to the Secretary's office, by 30 September 1771, an exact signed account of their families, lands and cattle, and to attend at the Castle on 30 [...] Interpretations The True Briton carried 32 new gun carriages and a bed for a 13-inch mortar, worth more than ten times the rice and cloth aboard her. Truck carriages were the standard garrison mounting, a wooden frame on small solid wheels. Teak from the Malabar coast resisted rot and insects far better than English oak, so Bombay's dockyard built them better and cheaper than they could be sent from England. A 13-inch mortar threw a heavy shell in a high arc and could strike a ship's deck at anchor in the road, beyond the reach of a flat-firing gun. The order came in the same months as the walls in the leeward valleys, the new flags and the reinforcement of 123 recruits. The Directors' warnings had evidently reached Bombay too, and the presidency was re-equipping the island's batteries. The notice requiring a signed account of every family, its land and cattle amounted to a census. Combined with the order to attend at the Castle, it gave the Council a count of the island's people and resources at a time when it had to plan for a possible siege. | |
378 | 26th. August of the same Month to pay their Rents and Revenues due to the Honorable Company for the Year past. Notice is hereby further given that the Honorable Company's Stores will be shut from the 7th. of September to the 3d. October next. Per Order of Council (signed) Bazett Secy. Mr. Matthew Purling Reports that he has been on board the Ships Prince, Lord Mansfield and True Briton to Muster their Companys and enquire for Deserters but found none their Muster Rolls are as follow vizt. Muster Roll of Ship Prince Anthy. Applegarth Commander John Sharpe 1st. Mate Thos. Fotcham 2d. do. Wm. Grace 3d. do. Henry Bird 4th. do. John Wilson 5th. do. Robt. Bannatine Surgeon Thos. Higgs Purser John Ayre Carpenter Danl. Mansell Boatswain David Robinson Gunner Geo. Cook Ships Steward John Lamb Capts. do. Thos. Hartley Mids. & Coxswn. James Dowell Midshipman Saml. Edward do. Thos. Buck do. Wm. Randall do. Joshua Allen Midshipman James Holdsworth do. James McCray 2d. Master Valentine Coleshore do. Hugh Garstock do. Thos. Nevins Cooper Wm. Pickard Sailmaker Robt. Williams Armourer Thos. Bly Carptr. 1 Mate Thos. Hunt do. 2 do. John Hall Coopers do. John Goodwin Caulkers do. Wm. Beard Ships Cook James Frazer Gunrs. Mate Thos. Millard Seaman James Lascells Robt. Shaw John Black Joseph Robinson Seaman John Hatton James Mear Robert Low Robt. Golden Wm. Nathans Henry Wyatt Robt. Pearce John Allen David Minnell Donald McCallum John Robinson Mark O'Neal John Catt Wm. Frazer Stephen Gale James Bennet John Gregory | The notice of 26 August 1771 went on to require everyone to attend at the Castle on 30 September 1771 and pay the rents and dues they owed the Company for the past year. It also announced that the Company's stores would be closed from 7 September to 3 October 1771. Matthew Bazett, the secretary, signed the notice on the Council's order. Purling reported that he had boarded the Prime, the Lord Mansfield and the True Briton to muster their crews and search for deserters, and had found none. The muster roll of the Prime began as follows. Anthony Calvert, commander John Sharp, chief mate Thomas Tatcham, second mate William Green, third mate Henry Rice, fourth mate John Wilson, fifth mate Robert Bannatine, surgeon Thomas Riggs, purser John Ryan, carpenter Daniel Marmon, boatswain David Robinson, gunner George Cook, ship's steward John Lamb, captain's steward Thomas Hartley, midshipman and coxswain James Dowell, midshipman Samuel Edwards, midshipman Thomas Buck, midshipman William Randall, midshipman Joshua Allen, midshipman James Charlesworth, quartermaster James McCay, quartermaster Valentine Coleman, quartermaster Hugh Gamstock, quartermaster Thomas Nevins, cooper William Pickard, sailmaker Robert Pattison, armourer Thomas Bly, carpenter's first mate Thomas Hurst, carpenter's second mate John Hall, cooper's mate John Goodwin, caulker's mate William Beard, ship's cook James Fraser, gunner's mate Thomas Millett, seaman James Lascelles, seaman Robert Shaw, seaman John Black, seaman Ephraim Robinson, seaman John Hatton, seaman James Mear, seaman Robert Low, seaman Robert Golder, seaman William Nickens, seaman Henry Wyatt, seaman Thomas Pearce, seaman John Allen, seaman David Monnell, seaman Donald McCallum, seaman John Robinson, seaman Mark O'Neal, seaman John Catt, seaman William Fraser, seaman Stephen Eade, seaman James Bennet, seaman John Gregory, seaman Interpretations Closing the stores for almost a month while the inhabitants returned their census figures and paid their annual rents gave the storekeeper and his clerks time to take stock. Every rent, licence fee and debt owed to the Company fell due on the same day. The Council could then match each household's account of its lands against the lease register and the rent roll. Tying the census to rent day made sure that no family could report fewer acres or cattle than the Company's books showed without the gap being noticed. | |
379 | Edward Williams Seaman John Henry John Moorehead John Stonehouse George Ewart John Gibson John Hood John Hall Jona. Ross Alexr. Mingle John Cook Thos. Goulett Prime Prince Willm. Fowler Seaman John Fawcett John Hays Wm. Stubs Jos. Quinlan John Wilkins James Muskett John Medbury John Chapman Wm. Hill John Renwick W. Barwick James Higgins Saml. Bird George Tabb Robt. Nicholland Seaman John Miles Peter Lewis Wm. Sheldrick Stephen Phillips Peter Siddington Peter White Fredk. Higgins Wm. Boyce John Hon Richd. Harper Saml. Leats John Coxe Eglinton Smith Passengers Mr. Sharpe Mr. Cook 1 Black Servant (signed) Anthy. Eglinton Muster Roll of Ship Lord Mansfield Edward Wilson Commander Alexr. Bissett 1 Mate Byrne Boswell 2 do. George Munro 3 do. Thos. Metcalfe 4th. do. Roger Hughs 5th. do. Thos. Willis 6 do. Robert Sheriff Purser Charles Ingles Surgeon John Bell Boatswain George Ross Gunner John Simmons Carpenter Joseph Cooper Ships Steward Joseph Elford Capt. Steward John Fleming Midshipman Carlton Collingwood do. James Robert do. Stephen Lowe do. Wm. Hy. Tyrell do. Thos. Thomas 2d. Master W. Crowder do. John Clarke do. John Dewey do. David Primrose Capt. Cook Saml. Rhodes Ships do. Lewis Allen Caulker James Long Cooper John Whiteson Sailmaker Jacob Brown Armourer Albert Holmes Carp. 1 Mate Richd. Hale do. 2 do. R. Elliot Caulkers Mate Thos. Morehouse Coopers do. Michael Gunners do. Saml. McHinsey Boats. do. John Le Feyt do. John Gillesper Taylor John Dicks Baker Wm. Wickham Butcher | The Prime's muster roll continued. Edward Williams, seaman John Henry, seaman John Moorhead, seaman John Stonehouse, seaman George Seward, seaman John Gibson, seaman John Wood, seaman John Hall, seaman Jonathan Ross, seaman Alexander Mingle, seaman John Cook, seaman Thomas Goulett, seaman Prime, seaman Prince, seaman William Fowler, seaman John Fawcett, seaman John Hays, seaman William Stubs, seaman Joseph Quinton, seaman John Wilkins, seaman James Muskett, seaman John Mowbray, seaman John Chapman, seaman William Hill, seaman John Hancock, seaman William Barwick, seaman James Higgins, seaman Samuel Baird, seaman George Tabb, seaman Robert Nicholland, seaman John Miles, seaman Peter Lewis, seaman William Sheldrick, seaman Stephen Phillips, seaman Peter Siddington, seaman Peter White, seaman Frederick Higgins, seaman William Boyce, seaman John Horn, seaman Richard Harper, seaman Samuel Leate, seaman John Cox, seaman Eglinton Firth, seaman Mrs Sharpe, passenger Mrs Cook, passenger Black servant, passenger Captain Anthony Eglinton signed the roll. The muster roll of the Lord Mansfield began as follows. Edward Wilson, commander Alexander Bussell, chief mate Bryce Boswell, second mate George Munro, third mate Thomas Whitfield, fourth mate Roger Hughes, fifth mate Thomas Willis, sixth mate Robert Sheriff, purser Charles Inglis, surgeon John Bell, boatswain George Ross, gunner John Simmons, carpenter Joseph Cooper, ship's steward Joseph Clifford, captain's steward John Hughes, midshipman Carleton Collingwood, midshipman James Robert, midshipman Stephen Lowe, midshipman William Henry Davidson, midshipman Thomas Thomas, quartermaster William Cromlee, quartermaster John Clarke, quartermaster John Dowsey, quartermaster David Pinney, captain's cook Luke Rhodes, ship's cook Leonard Allen, caulker James Long, cooper John Wheeler, sailmaker Jacob Brown, armourer Albert Holmes, carpenter's first mate Richard Hale, carpenter's second mate Robert Elliot, gunner's mate Thomas Moorhouse, caulker's mate Michael Poor, gunner's mate Samuel Morrisey, boatswain's mate John Le Fevre, boatswain's mate John Gallagher, tailor John Dodds, baker William Wickham, butcher Interpretations Prime and Prince, recorded with single names among the Prime's seamen, were almost certainly Black sailors, perhaps slaves or freed men taken on in an Asian or African port. The first carried the ship's own name, the kind of name an owner or commander might give a man he had bought. The "black servant" listed with the passengers was recorded with no name at all. The muster roll registered such men only as part of the ship's complement or a passenger's household. | |
380 | 26th. August John Perry Poulterer John Westbrook Seaman John Southern James Burghs Wm. Pollie Thos. Carter Michl. Harrington Henry Sise John Milton Christ. Hanson Geo. Wigmore John Peddon Wm. Wright John Hunsdon Peter Lowe Edward Lake Matt. Cochran Thos. Jones Richd. Derrica John Hall Seaman Jonathan Hatfield Jo. Stevens Alexr. McCloud Michl. Lowring John Salance Wm. Howell John Fish Thos. Evans James Wood Anthy. Gibson John Wilson Danl. Smith John Tilbury John Thornton Morris Cuthbert John Smith James Neal John Collins Matt. Hammond Seaman Edwd. Edwards Geo. Callaway Joseph Moore John Price John Richman Robt. Robertson John Lowring John Rendolph Jo. Brett Henry Lowne Charles Reeves Saml. Twisley Capt. Servt. Charles Moor Chief Mates do. Wm. Foxborough Surgeons do. R. Brooks Carpentrs. do. Duncan Brice Capt. do. John Pleasant Boatsn. do. John Mowry Gunners Charter Party Passengers Arnoldus Jones Melton Savannah Wilkins (signed) Edw. Wilson Muster Roll of Ship True Briton John Broadley Commandr. George Allen 1st. Mate Thos. Strong 2 do. Charles Towers 3 do. Andrew Gordon 4th. do. John Jenkins 5th. do. Robt. Foreman Surgeon Thos. Brough Purser Saml. McCredie Gunner James Donaldson Boatswn. Wm. Deason Carpenter Jo. Douglass Midshipn. & Cox John Dixon Midshipman John Sellon do. Henry Paul do. Thos. Rice Ships Steward Hugh McPherson Capt. Stewd. John Duncan Armourer Wm. Gordon Sailmaker Alberton Duncan Ships Cook Edward Blake Capt. do. Thos. Dyall Butcher Collin Duncan Gunrs. Mate Robt. Wilson Carpt. 1st. Mate Joseph Hunter Boats. 1 do. Robt. Marshal Carptr. Mate Henl. Green 2d. Master | The Lord Mansfield's muster roll continued. John Perry, poulterer John Westbeach, seaman John Southern, seaman James Burgher, seaman William Pollie, seaman Thomas Carter, seaman Michael Harrington, seaman Henry Sops, seaman John Milton, seaman Christopher Hanson, seaman George Wigmore, seaman John Belton, seaman William Hughes, seaman John Hanson, seaman Peter Lowe, seaman Edward Lake, seaman Matthew Cochrane, seaman Thomas Jones, seaman Richard Pereira, seaman John Wall, seaman Jonathan Hatfield, seaman Joseph Stevens, seaman Alexander McCloud, seaman Michael Lowrey, seaman John Valence, seaman William Howell, seaman John Fisk, seaman Thomas Evans, seaman James Wood, seaman Anthony Gibson, seaman John Wilson, seaman Daniel Smith, seaman John Tilbury, seaman John Thornton, seaman Morris Cuthbert, seaman John Smith, seaman James Neal, seaman John Collins, seaman Matthew Hammond, seaman Edward Edwards, seaman George Calloway, seaman Joseph Moore, seaman John Pace, seaman John Richman, seaman Robert Robertson, seaman John Lowrey, seaman John Randolph, seaman Joseph Brett, seaman Henry Lowe, seaman Charles Reeves, seaman Samuel Tinsley, captain's servant Charles Moore, chief mate's servant William Foxborough, surgeon's servant Robert Brooks, carpenter's servant Duncan Bruce, captain's servant John Brassart, boatswain's servant John Mowry, gunner's servant Arnold Jones Melton, charter-party passenger Susannah Wilkins, charter-party passenger Captain Edward Wilson signed the roll. The muster roll of the True Briton began as follows. John Broadley, commander George Allen, chief mate Thomas Strong, second mate Charles Lowes, third mate Andrew Gordon, fourth mate John Jenkins, fifth mate Robert Foreman, surgeon Thomas Pugh, purser Samuel McCreadie, gunner James Donaldson, boatswain William Deason, carpenter Joseph Douglas, midshipman and coxswain John Dixon, midshipman John Sutton, midshipman Henry Paul, midshipman Thomas Rice, ship's steward Hugh McPherson, captain's steward John Duncan, armourer William Gordon, sailmaker Allerton Duncan, ship's cook Edward Blake, captain's cook Thomas Dyall, butcher Colin Duncan, gunner's mate Robert Wilson, carpenter's first mate Joseph Hunter, boatswain's first mate Robert Marshall, carpenter's mate Henry Green, boatswain's mate | |
381 | 1771 John Gray 2d. Master John Anderson do. Danl. Murray do. Wm. White Seaman Thos. Wilkinson do. John Tegg John Lay Jo. Nicholson Angelo Nevry Christ. Hill Stephen Forres James Miller Joseph Prass Hugh McNamara John Corlett Law. Cummins Joseph Brennan Vincent Evans John Mills Saml. Forland James Clark Wm. Wait James Hay Robert Moore Seaman Wm. Wardleton Wm. Black Thos. Ashton Thos. Spooner Robt. Emerton James Arnot John Simeson John Clark James Trimble Wm. Wilford Wm. Gillaby James Wilson Edw. Muslin James Gordon Danl. Hankins Thos. Watts John Gamble Abraham Davidson Wm. Davis Robt. Williams Wm. Spurn Simon Abell Geo. Bulmerly Seaman John Graham Geo. Butler Jo. Morrison Geo. Laylands John Eagles Philip Hoffman John Mills John Brooks Wm. Jones Eglinton Sutherland Wm. Hayford Joseph Brown Wm. Milland Bach Harwood Charles Drummond Capt. Servt. James Hunt do. Geo. Brown Chief Mates do. John Young 2d. do. do. Jo. Majoribanks Surgeons do. Thos. Gamble Boatswains do. Thos. Reeves Carpt. do. Robt. Oliver Carpt. 2 Mate Charter Party Passengers Robert Proud Joseph Barham Thos. Benny R. Blackwood John Fende Richd. Davis Stephn. Sweeney Wm. Bennett James Dixon Philip Shorbrook Wm. Wragstaff Dominick Johnston Richd. Mendridge Malachi Moore Passengers Capt. Geo. Dodwell Mr. Danl. Corbett Mast. Henry Hodges Robt. Mitchell Titus a Servant John Holland Richmond Sam Boll Mark Servants (signed) John Broadley | The True Briton's muster roll concluded. John Gray, quartermaster John Anderson, quartermaster Daniel Murray, quartermaster William White, seaman Thomas Wilkinson, seaman John Tugg, seaman John Tay, seaman Joseph Nicholson, seaman Angelo Dowry, seaman Christopher Hill, seaman Stephen Torres, seaman James Miller, seaman Joseph Deaps, seaman Hugh McNamara, seaman John Corbett, seaman Lawrence Cummings, seaman Joseph Bowman, seaman Vincent Peters, seaman John Mills, seaman Samuel Forland, seaman James Clark, seaman William Wat, seaman James Hay, seaman Robert Moore, seaman William Wastelin, seaman William Black, seaman Thomas Aikman, seaman Thomas Spencer, seaman Robert Everton, seaman James Arnot, seaman John Pearson, seaman John Clark, seaman James Trimble, seaman William Wilford, seaman William Willaby, seaman James Wilson, seaman Edward Muslin, seaman James Gordon, seaman Daniel Hawkins, seaman Thomas Watts, seaman John Gamble, seaman Abraham Davidson, seaman William Davis, seaman Robert Williams, seaman William Lyon, seaman Simon Abell, seaman George Bellamy, seaman John Graham, seaman George Butler, seaman Joseph Morrison, seaman George Langlands, seaman John Eagles, seaman Philip Hoffman, seaman John Mills, seaman John Brooks, seaman William Jones, seaman Eglinton Sutherland, seaman William Hayford, seaman Joseph Brown, seaman William Holland, seaman Robert Harwood, seaman Charles Drummond, captain's servant James Hunt, captain's servant George Brown, chief mate's servant John Young, second mate's servant Joseph Marjoribanks, surgeon's servant Thomas Gamble, boatswain's servant Thomas Rivers, carpenter's servant Robert Oliver, carpenter's mate Robert Grant, charter-party passenger Joseph Barham, charter-party passenger Thomas Binny, charter-party passenger Robert Backwood, charter-party passenger John Frude, charter-party passenger Richard Davies, charter-party passenger Stephen Anthony, charter-party passenger William Bennett, charter-party passenger James Dixon, charter-party passenger Philip Shorbrook, charter-party passenger William Wagstaff, charter-party passenger Dominick Johnston, charter-party passenger Richard Mandeville, charter-party passenger Malachi Moore, charter-party passenger Captain George Dodwell, passenger Mr Daniel Cokhatt, passenger Master Henry Hodges, passenger Robert Mitchell, passenger Titus, a servant, passenger John Holland, servant Backwood, servant [...] Bell, servant Mark, servant Captain John Broadley signed the roll. | |
382 | 26th. August This day arrived the Honorable Company's Ship Pigot from England by which opportunity we received a Packet from the Court of Directors which we opened and read their Orders to Us. We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors vizt. Three sets to Mr. Matthew Purling One Set for four hundred and fifty pounds payable to John Purling Esqr. (or Order) One for sixty nine pounds eleven shillings & two pence payable to Messrs. Josias Cotton and Sons Merchants in London (or Order) And one for fifty four pounds eight shillings & two pence payable to Captn. Charles Mears (or Order) One Set to Digby Dent Esqr. for two hundred pounds payable to himself (or Order) One Set to Mr. William Wrangham for fifty two pounds ten shillings & two pence payable to Mr. John Morgan (or Order) And one Set to Hugh Jones for two hundred & fifty pounds payable to John Robins (or Order) all drawn at ninety days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | The Company's ship Pigot arrived from England that day, bringing a packet from the Court of Directors. The Council opened it and read the Directors' orders. The Council issued the following bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors that day, all payable at 90 days' sight. Matthew Purling, payable to John Purling or his order, £450 0s 0d Matthew Purling, payable to Josias Cotton and Sons, merchants in London, or their order, £69 11s 2d Matthew Purling, payable to Captain Charles Mears or his order, £54 8s 2d Digby Dent, payable to himself or his order, £200 0s 0d William Wrangham, payable to John Morgan or his order, £52 10s 2d Hugh Jones, payable to John Robins or his order, £250 0s 0d Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Hugh Jones, the superintendent of the slaves, drew £250 0s 0d payable to John Robins, the armourer who had refused reinstatement under Captain Tippet a month earlier. The sum was some sixteen years of Jones's own salary. It was perhaps Robins's savings, or money owed to him, sent home through a friend's bill once he had left the Company's service. A man no longer on the Company's books could not easily draw on its treasury in his own name. Purling's third remittance of the year, £450 0s 0d to his relative John Purling, brought his bills since February 1771 to well over £1,300 0s 0d, several times his combined salaries for the period. | |
383 | 2d. September At a Consultation held on Monday the 2d. September 1771 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 26th. August 1771 Wednesday the 28 August Died Robert Stack Private Thursday the 29th. do. Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Lord Mansfield for England The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship True Briton vizt. Account of Stores short received from Ship True Briton C. qr. lb. 2 1 4 Rice short weight occ. by wastage the Packages being in good order 49 3 2 Paddy Received 6 Transoms 2 Breast Pieces 6 Fore Axeltrees 2 Hind do. Not received (signed) St. Helena James Powell Storekeeper 2 Sep. 1771 Captain Broadley reports to Us that the Gun Carriages sent on board his Ship at Bombay all came set up, that he was under a necessity for want of Room, to take them to pieces when he found several of the said Carriages very rotten and in bad condition. We directed Captain Tyssel to make us a Report of the condition | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 2 September 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 26 August 1771. Robert Stack, a private, died on Wednesday 28 August 1771. The Company's ship Lord Mansfield sailed for England on Thursday 29 August. The storekeeper presented an account of the stores that had arrived short from the True Briton. Rice, 2 cwt 1 qr 0 lb, short in weight through wastage, the packages being sound Unhusked rice received, 49 cwt 3 qr 2 lb Transoms for gun carriages, 6, not received Breast pieces for gun carriages, 2, not received Fore axletrees for gun carriages, 6, not received Hind axletrees for gun carriages, 2, not received James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 2 September 1771. Captain Broadley reported that the gun carriages had been sent aboard his ship at Bombay fully assembled. For lack of room he had been forced to take them apart, and in doing so he found several of them very rotten and in bad condition. The Council directed Captain Tippet to report on the condition of the carriages. Interpretations The carriages Bombay had sent to re-arm the island's batteries proved partly rotten before they were even landed. Transoms were the crosspieces that held the two cheeks of a carriage together, breast pieces the timbers at the front, and axletrees the beams that carried the wheels. Several of these parts never arrived at all. A carriage that collapsed under the recoil of a 32-pounder would dismount the gun and could kill its crew. Tippet's inspection would decide whether the Company had paid more than 5,000 rupees for usable carriages or for firewood. If the latter, the Council would have grounds to charge the loss back to Bombay. | |
384 | 2d. September condition of the Gun Carriages sent from Bombay ꝑ Ship True Briton which is as follows vizt. Report of Carriages Received from Captn. Broadley Fit for Service Sides for lb. 32 Carriages 52 Do. for 24 Do. 4 Do. for 9 Do. 16 Axletrees (four) for 32 Do. 24 Do. (Hind) for Do. Do. 24 Do. (four) for 24 Do. 2 Do. (four) for 9 Do. 7 Do. (Hind) for Do. Do. 7 Mortar Bed 13 In. 1 Not fit for Service Sides lb. 9 Carriages 2 Breast for Do. Do. 1 Transom for 9 Do. 1 Axletrees (four) for Do. Do. 5 Do. (Hind) for Do. Do. 5 (signed) James Tyssel Captn. of Artillery John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | Captain Tippet reported on the condition of the gun carriages sent from Bombay in the True Briton. Fit for service Sides for 32-pounder carriages, 52 Sides for 24-pounder carriages, 4 Sides for 9-pounder carriages, 16 Fore axletrees for 32-pounder carriages, 24 Hind axletrees for 32-pounder carriages, 24 Fore axletrees for 24-pounder carriages, 2 Fore axletrees for 9-pounder carriages, 7 Hind axletrees for 9-pounder carriages, 7 Mortar bed for a 13-inch mortar, 1 Not fit for service Sides for 9-pounder carriages, 2 Breast piece for a 9-pounder carriage, 1 Transom for a 9-pounder carriage, 1 Fore axletrees for 9-pounder carriages, 5 Hind axletrees for 9-pounder carriages, 5 James Tippet signed the report as captain of artillery. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations The rot Captain Broadley found was confined to the light 9-pounder carriages. Every part for the 32-pounders and 24-pounders, and the mortar bed, passed Tippet's inspection. Those heavy carriages were for the guns that covered the anchorage in James's Valley, the ones that mattered most against an attacking squadron. The faulty pieces amounted to a handful of parts, which the island's carpenters could replace from imported timber. The consignment was therefore largely sound, and the batteries could be remounted. | |
385 | 7th. September At a Consultation held on Saturday the 7th. day of September 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Daniel Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated 2d. September 1771 Thursday the 5 Died Esau Nowland Private We this day received the following Letter from Capt. Tyssel vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council Gentlemen I now take the liberty to Acquaint you that the Engineers in this Service and the Kings have Coals & Candles allow'd them & I think that I have with propriety Gentlemen a right to the like Indulgence. Same time must beg leave to Inform you that I have been in great Distress for a House since I have been here, and with your Permission Gentlemen I will with great pleasure run up a House at my own Expence, if you will be so kind as to grant me a piece of Ground now Idle, which was allotted formerly for the Slaves, As you must be very certain Gentlemen there is no possibility of any Perquisites arising from my being Engineer in this Island, I make no doubt knowing your goodness but you will Comply with this small Request. I have the Honor to be Gentlemen St. Helena Your most Obliged Hble. Servant 7th. Sept. 1771 (signed) James Tyssel | The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 7 September 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 2 September 1771. Evan Rowland, a private, had died on Tuesday 3 September 1771. The Council received a letter from Captain Tippet, dated 7 September 1771. He pointed out that engineers in the Company's service elsewhere and in the King's service received an allowance of coals and candles, and he believed he had an equal right to it. He also told the Council that he had been very badly off for a house ever since he arrived on the island. With its permission he would gladly build one at his own expense, if the Council would grant him a piece of idle ground that had formerly been set aside for the slaves. He reminded the members that his post as engineer on the island brought him no perquisites of any kind, and trusted they would grant this small request. The Council agreed to both requests. Interpretations The Council granted Tippet's requests six weeks after finding him rash in his quarrel with the armourer, and a month after recording its disapproval of his earth-mortar wall at Thompson's Valley. It could have used the occasion to keep him waiting. It did not. Tippet was the only trained engineer on the island, and the walls in the leeward valleys, the batteries, the barracks and the Ladder Hill road all depended on him. Keeping him content mattered more than marking his faults. His point about perquisites was fair. The storekeeper, the paymaster and the secretary all traded or drew fees beside their salaries, while an engineer had nothing to sell. Coals, candles and a building plot cost the Company little and kept its most needed officer housed and willing. The ground offered was land once allotted to the Company's slaves for their own gardens and huts. Its being idle reflected the drought years, when slaves had been fed on imported rice rather than their own crops. | |
386 | 7th. September Agreed to refer Captn. Tyssels Application for an allowance of Candles to the consideration of the Court of Directors but with regard to the piece of Ground he mentions to build a House on, We have often refused disposing of the same, as it was purchased by the Company many Years since for £100 and are convinced will be wanted hereafter for Erecting Ware Houses and other Buildings for the Company's Service. John McAllister Private this day Petitioned for his discharge from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company his contracted time Granted We likewise this day discharged from this Garrison John Buckmans Private on Account of his bad behaviour and have put him on board the Ship Prince towards compleating her Company. We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors viz. One Set to Mr. Robert Barclay for £44 16 8 payable to the Reverend Mr. Elias Thackeray (or Order) One set to Captn. Anthony Eglington for £231 payable to Robert Child Esqr. (or Order) | The Council's answer to Captain Tippet's letter was to refer his request for an allowance of candles to the Court of Directors. It refused the piece of ground he had asked for to build a house. The Council had often declined to part with that land before. The Company had bought it many years earlier for £100 0s 0d, and the Council was convinced it would be needed for warehouses and other buildings for the Company's service. John McAllister, a private, petitioned the same day for his discharge from the garrison, having served the Company for the full term of his contract. The Council granted his request. The Council also discharged John Buckman, a private, for bad behaviour, and put him aboard the Prime to help make up her crew. The Council issued the following bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors that day. Robert Barclay, payable to the Reverend Elias Thackeray or his order, £44 16s 8d Captain Anthony Eglinton, payable to Robert Child or his order, £231 0s 0d Interpretations The Council did not grant Tippet's requests outright, as the word "agreed" at the foot of his letter first suggested. It agreed only to pass the question of candles to the Directors and turned down the land. Coals and candles were a standing allowance that would bind the Company for every future engineer, so the Council left that precedent for London to set. The land was a different matter. The Company had paid £100 0s 0d for it and meant to use it for warehouses. Letting an officer build a private house there would have tied up the plot for his lifetime. Coming so soon after its findings against Tippet over the armourer and the earth-mortar wall, the refusal shows the Council would not buy his goodwill with Company property. Putting John Buckman aboard the Prime solved two problems at once. The island lost a troublesome soldier without the cost of his passage home, and the ship, short of hands like most homeward Indiamen, gained a seaman. | |
387 | 1771 And one Set to Captain John Broadley for £70 payable to Henry Broadley Esqr. (or Order) all drawn at ninety days sight. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 9th. day of September 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated 7th. September 1771 This day sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Prince and True Briton for England The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of August last, were this day laid before Us, which were Examined approved of, and are as follow vizt. Margin Notes: Lieut. Governor Absent taking an Inventory in the Stores | A third bill of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors that day went to Captain John Broadley for £70 0s 0d, payable to Henry Broadley or his order. All three bills were payable at 90 days' sight. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 9 September 1771. The Governor presided with Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The Lieutenant Governor was absent, taking an inventory of the stores. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 7 September 1771. The Company's ships Prime and True Briton sailed for England that day. The accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for August 1771 came before the Council. The members examined and approved them, and the accounts followed in the record. Interpretations The stores had been closed since 7 September under the notice of 26 August 1771, and the Lieutenant Governor spent the week taking stock in person. Corneille's absence from the Council to count the warehouses himself shows how seriously the Council took the annual stocktaking after the robbery of March. A senior member's own inventory would expose any further losses before the books were closed for the Directors. | |
388 | 9th. September Artillery Stores Expended in August 1771 Guns fired, 18 lb., 6 lb., 4 lb., 1 lb., Powder expended lb., Powder expended oz. 5 An Alarm at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 lb. 2, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 6, Powder expended oz. 6 Do. at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Prince: Guns fired 9, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 7 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Lord Mansfield: Guns fired 11, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 11, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 16, Powder expended oz. 8 20 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the True Briton: Guns fired 9, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 26 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 4, 1 lb. 2, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 0 Arrived the Pigot: Guns fired 9, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 29 Fired to Salute Captn. Dent going on Board: Guns fired 13, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 13, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 19, Powder expended oz. 8 Departed the Lord Mansfield: Guns fired 9, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 Powder for Ladder Hill: Guns fired 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 64, Powder expended oz. 0 Do. for Company's Service: Guns fired 0, 18 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, 4 lb. 0, 1 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 131, Powder expended oz. 7 Total: Guns fired 86, 18 lb. 2, 6 lb. 60, 4 lb. 16, 1 lb. 8, Powder expended lb. 363, Powder expended oz. 10 Tallow lb. 24 Lead Ball to Shoot Goats lb. 3 oz. 12 Spunge Staves No. 1 Tompions 2 4 lbs. Vinegar spoiled in a Cask Gallons 5 Handspikes No. 3 Match lb. 4 (signed) James Tyssel Capt. of Artillery | The artillery stores used in August 1771 were as follows. Alarm at Purling's Battery on 5 August: 2 18-pounders fired, 6 lb 6 oz of powder Alarm at Prosperous Bay the same day: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Prime: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 7 August: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Lord Mansfield: 11 6-pounders fired, 16 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 20 August: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the True Briton: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Alarm on 26 August: 6 guns fired, made up of 4 4-pounders and 2 1-pounders, 13 lb of powder Salute on the arrival of the Pigot: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Salute for Captain Dent on going aboard on 29 August: 13 6-pounders fired, 19 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the departure of the Lord Mansfield: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Powder for the Ladder Hill road, 64 lb Powder for the Company's other services, 131 lb 7 oz Total: 86 guns fired, made up of 2 18-pounders, 60 6-pounders, 16 4-pounders and 8 1-pounders, 363 lb 10 oz of powder Tallow, 24 lb Lead ball for shooting goats, 3 lb 12 oz Sponge staves, 1 Tompions, 2 Vinegar spoiled in a cask, 5 gallons Handspikes, 3 Slow match, 4 lb James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. Interpretations The artillery stores held vinegar because gunners mixed it with water to swab and cool a gun's bore during rapid firing. Five gallons spoiled in the cask was written off like any other loss. The 13-gun salute for Captain Dent was the honour given to a captain of a King's ship. Digby Dent, whose bill of exchange for £200 0s 0d the Council had issued on 26 August, was evidently a naval officer taking passage or command, and the island gave him the same honours it had paid the Portland's and Swallow's captains. | |
389 | 1771 Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in August 1771 £ Botts. Madeira 34 5 8 Port 24 1 16 Lisbon 30 2 5 Mountain 7 10 6 Beer 68 12 9 Galls. Arrack 24 3 12 lb. Beef at 3d. 105 1 6 3 lb. Mutton 219 4 11 3 Turky's 4 1 Fowls 31 2 6 6 Ducks 3 4 6 Goose 1 5 lb. Butter 11¼ 11 9 lb. Candy 76 1 18 lb. Flour 527 4 6 10 Lambs 2 1 Pigs 6 1 10 Goats 2 1 £ 34 4 4 The ten working days allowed by Charter party for unloading the Ship Pigot being expired, We gave Captn. George Richardson sailing Orders in writing to make the best of his way to Fort Marlborough on the West Coast of the Island Sumatra according to the Orders he has received from the Honble. the Court of Directors. We likewise gave him the following Letter to the President and Council of Fort Marlborough. | The provisions used at the Company's table in August 1771 were as follows. Madeira, 54 bottles, £5 8s 0d Port, 24 bottles, £1 16s 0d Lisbon wine, 30 bottles, £2 5s 0d Mountain wine, 7 bottles, £0 10s 6d Beer, 68 bottles, £0 12s 9d Arrack, 24 gallons, £3 12s 0d Beef at 3d a pound, 105 lb, £1 6s 3d Mutton, 219 lb, £4 11s 3d Turkeys, 4, £1 0s 0d Fowls, 31, £2 6s 6d Ducks, 3, £0 4s 6d Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d Butter, 11¾ lb, £0 11s 9d Sugar candy, 76 lb, £1 18s 0d Flour, 521 lb, £4 6s 10d Lambs, 2, £1 0s 0d Pigs, 6, £1 10s 0d Goats, 2, £1 0s 0d Total, £34 4s 4d The ten working days the charter party allowed for unloading the Pigot had run out. The Council gave Captain George Richardson written orders to sail. He was to make his way to Fort Marlborough on the west coast of Sumatra as quickly as he could, following the orders he had received from the Court of Directors. The Council also gave him a letter for the President and Council of Fort Marlborough. Interpretations Beef at the Company's table was bought only at the lower rate of 3d a pound in August, with none at 5d. In May and June most of the table's beef had cost the higher price. With the season's ships gone and pasture recovering, the Company could again supply its own table from its own herd, without paying the planters' premium. Butter rose to almost 12 lb, a further sign that the dairy was producing again. | |
390 | 9th. September To the Honble. Richard Wyatt Esqr. President and Governor &c. Council of Fort Marlborough Sir and Sirs By the Ship Harcourt which arrived on the 17th. June last we duly received your Letter dated 3d. March 1771 As we have received repeated Orders from our Honble. Masters to detain Nojeedah Pocolum the Malay Prisoner on this Island, we cannot permit him to return to his native Country without their approbation which we expect to be informed of next Year, as we have fully stated his case to them and shall follow the directions they shall be pleased to give thereupon. We have received the Coffree Man Slave you sent by the Harcourt and have directed him to be put on the Company's Books here. Enclosed we transmit you the Ship Pigots Charter Party, Victualling Bill and Manifest of Goods together with the List of Ships that have Arrived here since our last. We are Sir and Sirs St. Helena Your most Obedt. humble Servants 9th. Septr. 1771 (signed) John Skottowe [...] Purling | The letter was addressed to Richard Wyatt, President and Governor of Fort Marlborough, and his Council. The St Helena Council had received their letter of 3 March 1771 by the Harcourt, which arrived on 17 June 1771. The Directors had repeatedly ordered the Council to hold Nakhoda Pocalun, the Malay prisoner, on the island. The Council therefore could not let him return home without the Directors' approval. It expected to hear from them the following year, since it had set out his case to them in full, and it would follow whatever instructions they gave. The Council had received the African slave sent by the Harcourt and had ordered him entered in the Company's books. With the letter it sent the Pigot's charter party, victualling bill and manifest of goods, and a list of the ships that had called at the island since its last letter. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Purling signed it at St Helena on 9 September 1771. Interpretations Fort Marlborough, the settlement that had sent Pocalun into exile, had told the Council it saw no danger in his return and gave him leave to go home. The obvious course was to let him take passage, since the presidency most concerned had withdrawn its objection. The Council refused. Its reason was that the Directors themselves had repeatedly ordered him held. A prisoner placed on St Helena by the Court in London could be released only by the Court, whatever Bencoolen now thought. The Council had already referred his petition home. Releasing him on Fort Marlborough's word would have overruled the Directors. If he then stirred trouble in Sumatra, the blame would have fallen on the island's Council alone. Pocalun was left to wait another year on St Helena for an answer from London. | |
391 | 1771 Appointed the Lieutenant Governor to inspect and take the remains of the Honble. Company's Stores for the present Year as usual. Henry Millar Private being missed this Morning soon after the Ships Prince and True Briton weighed Anchor, an Officer was immediately sent to search both of the said Ships, but returned without finding him, notwithstanding Captain Eglinton told the Officer that he believed the said Millar was secreted on board the Prince by David Robinson Gunner. John Skottowe Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 16th. day of September 1771 at the Castle. Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matt. Purling of Council The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 9th. Sept. 1771 Tuesday the 10th. died William Tipper Private Counted and examined the Honble. Compy. Cash for the Month of August last which is as follows vizt. | The Council appointed the Lieutenant Governor to inspect and take stock of what remained in the Company's stores for the year, as usual. Henry Miller, a private, went missing that morning, soon after the Prime and the True Briton weighed anchor. An officer was sent at once to search both ships, but he came back without finding him. Captain Eglinton had told the officer, however, that he believed David Robinson, the Prime's gunner, had hidden Miller aboard. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Purling. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 16 September 1771. The Governor presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 9 September 1771. William Tipper, a private, had died on Tuesday 10 September 1771. The Council then counted and examined the Company's cash for August 1771. Interpretations Miller's escape followed the pattern of Thomas Williams in May and William Weden in July. Each time a soldier vanished as a ship prepared to sail, and each time a member of the crew was suspected of hiding him. The Prime was already under way when the search was made, which left the officer little time and no means of forcing a thorough search. Captain Eglinton named his own gunner as the man responsible but did not hand Miller over. A commander short of hands for the voyage home had little reason to search hard for a fit man who wanted to come. | |
392 | 16th. September Cash Dr. £ 1771 August 1st. To Balance remaining 9165 1 9½ 12 To Profit and Loss received of Andrew Iedrick and Stephen Swanson in part of the Money stolen from the Stores by Andrew Iedrick on the 13th. of March last Received of Andrew Iedrick found in a Bag 85 Do. found in his Pocket 2 4 10 Do. for his Effects sold at Publick Auction 2 13 6 89 18 4 Received of Stephen Swanson found in a Bag 80 12 170 10 4 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable to Messrs. Hanforth Gibson and Hanforth 19 7 24 To Ship Lord Mansfield 115 9 1 26 To Ship Prince 31 18 4 To Exchange for six Sets of Bills drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors payable as follows vizt. One Set to John Purling Esqr. £ 450 One do. to Josias Cotton & Sons 69 11 2 One do. to Capt. Charles Mears 54 8 10 One do. to Digby Dent Esqr. 200 One do. to Mr. Jno. Morgan 52 10 10 One do. to John Robins 250 1076 10 10 £ 10578 17 4½ | The money received by the Company's treasury in August 1771 was recorded as follows. Balance remaining on 1 August 1771, £9,165 1s 9½d Received on 12 August from Andrew Pidcock, found in a bag, part of the money stolen from the stores on 12 March 1771, £85 0s 0d Received from him, found in his pocket, £2 4s 10d Received for his belongings sold at public auction, £2 13s 6d Total from Pidcock, £89 18s 4d Received from Stephen Smithson, found in a bag, £80 12s 0d Total recovered from the robbery, credited to profit and loss, £170 10s 4d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Stamforth, Gibson and Stamforth, £19 7s 0d Received on 24 August from the Lord Mansfield, £115 9s 1d. Received on 26 August from the Prime, £31 18s 4d. Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to John Purling, £450 0s 0d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Josias Cotton and Sons, £69 11s 2d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Charles Mears, £54 8s 10d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Digby Dent, £200 0s 0d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to John Morgan, £52 10s 10d Exchange received for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to John Robins, £250 0s 0d Total for exchange on 26 August, £1,076 10s 10d Total, £10,578 17s 4½d Interpretations The money recovered from Pidcock and Smithson was credited to profit and loss, the same account the Council had charged with the whole theft on 15 April 1771. The books thus showed a net loss of about £185 0s 0d from the robbery, not the original £355 12s 11d. The Lord Mansfield paid more than £115 0s 0d for her refreshment, far above any other ship that season. Her Bengal crew had arrived sickly, and the Council's appeal of 12 August for extra cattle had been made on behalf of ships in exactly her state. | |
393 | 1771 Per Contra Cr. 1771 August 29th. By Balance remaining vizt. In Specie £ 10039 2 4½ In Cash Notes 539 15 10578 17 4½ £ 10578 17 4½ | No money left the treasury in August 1771, so the month closed with the full sum held as the balance. Balance remaining in coin on 29 August 1771, £10,039 2s 4½d Balance remaining in cash notes on 29 August 1771, £539 15s 0d Total balance remaining, £10,578 17s 4½d Total, £10,578 17s 4½d Interpretations The treasury passed £10,000 0s 0d again at the end of August 1771, for the first time since November 1770. The money recovered from the robbery and the officers' bills of exchange had restored the reserve that the drought, the reinforcements and the defence works had drawn down. With no quarterly payments due until the end of September, the island entered the final weeks of the financial year with its coin almost back to the level of a year before. | |
394 | 16th. September We this day made a Contract with Captain George Richardson to bring from the Cape homeward bound upon his present Voyage two hundred Sheep on Account of the Honble. Company for which we have agreed to pay him (including the first Cost and all other Charges) fifteen shillings ꝑ Head upon the said Sheep being delivered here in good condition. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 23d. day of September 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 16. Sept. 1771 Saturday the 21st. Died Elizabeth Wife of Henry Howell Serjeant. The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short received from Ship Pigot vizt. | The Council made a contract that day with Captain George Richardson of the Pigot. On his homeward voyage he was to bring 200 sheep from the Cape for the Company. The Council agreed to pay him 15s a head, covering the purchase price and all other charges, for every sheep delivered to the island in good condition. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 23 September 1771. The Governor presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 16 September 1771. Elizabeth, the wife of Henry Howell, a sergeant, had died on Saturday 21 September 1771. The storekeeper presented an account of the stores that had arrived short from the Pigot. Interpretations The Council had relied in December 1770 on homeward ships bringing sheep from the Cape, without any agreement to bind them. This time it made a formal contract with a named commander, at a fixed price per head, payable only on delivery in good condition. The terms put the risk of the voyage on Captain Richardson. Sheep that died at sea or arrived thin cost the Company nothing. A price of 15s a head, against the island's mutton at about 5d a pound, left the commander a clear profit and gave him every reason to look after the animals on the passage. With its own herds still recovering from the drought, the Council was securing next season's meat before the ships that would need it arrived. | |
395 | 23d. September Account of Stores short received from Ship Pigot vizt. 2 Single Deals 1 Elm Board 1 Bott. Florence Oil 1 Iron Pot Wt. lb. 32 Broke lb. 62 Sole Leather lb. 63 Cordage short Weight occasioned by drying 1 Chald. 21 Bush. Coals Ft. 36½ Purbeck Stone short delivered Wine vizt. No. 1 1 Hhd. Lisbon Gages Galls. 61 wants to fill Galls. 9¼ 2 1 Do. Do. 60 Do. 2 3 1 Do. Do. 61½ Do. 2 4 1 Do. Do. 62½ Do. 2 5 1 Do. Do. 61 Do. 1½ 306 16¾ 16¾ Received 289¼ Gallons No. 6 1 Hhd. Port Gages Galls. 62 wants to fill Galls. 3 7 1 Do. Do. 61½ Do. 2 8 ½ Do. Do. 31 Do. 1 154½ 6 6 Received 148½ Gallons No. 9 1 Hhd. Mountain Gages 61 wants to fill 2 10 1 Do. Do. 62 Do. 2 11 ½ Do. Do. 33 Do. 1½ 156 5½ 5½ Received 150½ Gallons St. Helena (signed) 23 Sept. 1771 James Powell Storekeeper John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | The storekeeper's account of the stores that arrived short from the Pigot was as follows. Single deals, 2, broken Elm board, 1, broken Florence oil, 1 bottle, broken Iron pot weighing 32 lb, 1, broken Sole leather, 6½ lb, short in weight through drying Cordage, 6½ lb, short in weight through drying Coals, 1 chaldron 21 bushels, short delivered Purbeck stone, 36½ feet, short delivered Lisbon wine, hogshead number 1, gauged at 61 gallons, short of full by 9¼ gallons Lisbon wine, hogshead number 2, gauged at 60 gallons, short of full by 2 gallons Lisbon wine, hogshead number 3, gauged at 61½ gallons, short of full by 2 gallons Lisbon wine, hogshead number 4, gauged at 62½ gallons, short of full by 2 gallons Lisbon wine, hogshead number 5, gauged at 61 gallons, short of full by 1½ gallons Total Lisbon wine gauged, 306 gallons Total Lisbon wine short, 16¾ gallons Lisbon wine received, 289¼ gallons Port, hogshead number 6, gauged at 62 gallons, short of full by 3 gallons Port, hogshead number 7, gauged at 61½ gallons, short of full by 2 gallons Port, half hogshead number 8, gauged at 31 gallons, short of full by 1 gallon Total port gauged, 154½ gallons Total port short, 6 gallons Port received, 148½ gallons Mountain wine, hogshead number 9, gauged at 61 gallons, short of full by 2 gallons Mountain wine, hogshead number 10, gauged at 62 gallons, short of full by 2 gallons Mountain wine, half hogshead number 11, gauged at 33 gallons, short of full by 1½ gallons Total Mountain wine gauged, 156 gallons Total Mountain wine short, 5½ gallons Mountain wine received, 150½ gallons James Powell signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 23 September 1771. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille and Purling also signed it. Interpretations Purbeck stone was a hard, fine-grained limestone from the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, prized for paving, steps and hearths because it wore well and took a smooth finish. Shipping it from England to an island of volcanic rock shows how little suitable dressed stone St Helena could provide for floors and thresholds. It was probably meant for the new barracks or the Castle. Its loss in transit could not be made good until another ship came from England. | |
396 | 30th. September At a Consultation held on Monday the 30th. day of September 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lt. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 23 September 1771 Friday the 27th. Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Pigot for Bencoolen Do. Do. Died Duncan Cameron Private Saturday the 28th. Do. John Lawson Matross Pursuant to an Order in Consultation of the 26th. August last the Planters this day attended to pay their Rents and Revenues due to the Honble. Company for the Year past which amounts to £825 3 the Rent Roll is as follows vizt. Ground Rent, Free Land, Lease Land, £, s, d Saml. Alexander: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 34, Lease Land 57½, £ 11, s 1, d 6 John Alexander 15½ Acs. at 5/. ꝑ Ac. & 40 Acs. at 4/. ꝑ Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 7¼, Lease Land 113¾, £ 23, s 18, d 6 Geo. Alexander: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 23, Lease Land 58, £ 15, s 18, d 0 Margt. Alcock 1½ Ac. at 20/. ꝑ Ann.: Ground Rent 34/6, Free Land 20, Lease Land 13½, £ 6, s 14, d 6 Joseph Beales Repr.: Ground Rent 13/6, Free Land 10, Lease Land 13¾, £ 4, s 8, d 0 Richd. Beale: Ground Rent 5/., Free Land 31, Lease Land 14, £ 5, s 6, d 0 Martha Beale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 10, Lease Land 10, £ 3, s 0, d 0 William Bearcroft 61 Ac. at 1/6 ꝑ Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 61, £ 4, s 11, d 6 John Bagley Senr.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 36, £ 9, s 0, d 0 John Bagley Junr. 3¼ Ac. at 5/. ꝑ Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 46¼, Lease Land 68, £ 19, s 3, d 6 Richd. Bagley 1 Acr. at 15/. ꝑ Ac. 1½ Acs. at 1/6 ꝑ Ac. 3¼ Acs. at 2/. ꝑ Ac. & 12¾ Acs. at 5/. ꝑ Ac.: Ground Rent 26/2, Free Land 128½, Lease Land 197¼, £ 53, s 4, d 2 Carried over: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 378, Lease Land 622¼, £ 156, s 5, d 8 | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 30 September 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 23 September 1771. The Company's ship Pigot sailed for Bencoolen on Friday 27 September 1771. Duncan Cameron, a private, died the same day, and John Lawson, a matross, on Saturday 28 September. In line with the Council's order of 26 August 1771, the planters attended that day to pay the rents and dues they owed the Company for the past year. These came to £825 0s 3d. The rent roll began as follows. Samuel Alexander, ground rent nil, 34 acres freehold, 37½ acres leasehold, £11 1s 6d John Alexander, 13½ acres at 1s 6d an acre and 10 acres at 4s an acre, ground rent nil, 7¼ acres freehold, 113¾ acres leasehold, £23 18s 6d George Alexander, ground rent nil, 28 acres freehold, 58 acres leasehold, £15 18s 0d Margaret Alcock, 1½ acres at 20s an acre, ground rent 34s 6d, 20 acres freehold, 13¾ acres leasehold, £6 14s 6d Joseph Beale, ground rent 13s 6d, 10 acres freehold, 13¾ acres leasehold, £4 8s 0d Richard Beale, ground rent 5s, 31 acres freehold, 14 acres leasehold, £5 6s 0d Martha Beale, ground rent nil, 10 acres freehold, 10 acres leasehold, £3 0s 0d William Bearcroft, 61 acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent nil, 0 acres freehold, 61 acres leasehold, £4 11s 6d John Bagley senior, ground rent nil, 0 acres freehold, 36 acres leasehold, £9 0s 0d John Bagley junior, 3¼ acres at 4s an acre, ground rent nil, 46¼ acres freehold, 68 acres leasehold, £19 3s 6d Richard Bagley, various acres at 1s, 1s 6d and 4s an acre, ground rent 26s 6d, 126½ acres freehold, 197¾ acres leasehold, £53 4s 2d Carried over: 378 acres freehold, 622¼ acres leasehold, £156 5s 8d Interpretations The rent roll shows two kinds of holding. Freehold land was owned outright, but still paid the Company a small annual quitrent, the token rent that acknowledged the Company as the island's ultimate lord. Leasehold land was rented on the terms of each lease, at rates set by its quality. Barren strips went at 1s an acre and good ground at 4s or 5s. Ground rent was charged for house plots in James's Valley, which were measured in feet, not acres. Richard Bagley held more than 320 acres between his two kinds of land, the largest holding on this page. The Bagleys together paid over £80 0s 0d, a tenth of the island's whole rent. The same families that signed the dog letter of November 1770 and filled the parish offices were the island's largest landholders. | |
397 | 1771 Ground Rent, Free Land, Lease Land, £, s, d Brought over: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 378, Lease Land 622¼, £ 156, s 5, d 8 Robt. Bagley's Orphs. 2 Acs. at 2/6 ꝑ Ac. 16 Acs. at 4/. ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 52½, Lease Land 96¾, £ 23, s 7, d 0 Matt Bazett 15 Ac. at 1/. ꝑ Ac. 7½ Acs. at 1/6 ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 10/., Free Land 152, Lease Land 85¼, £ 23, s 7, d 10½ Henry Bazett 3 Ac. at 4/. ꝑ Ac. 3½ Ac. at 2/6 ꝑ Ac. 5 Ac. at 1/6 ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 44/6, Free Land 65, Lease Land 49½, £ 16, s 0, d 3 Orlando Bagley 19 Ac. at 1/6 ꝑ Ac. 9½ Acs. at 2/. ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 77¾, £ 13, s 8, d 0 Thomas Burnham: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 29, Lease Land 15, £ 5, s 4, d 0 William Beale 10½ Acs. at 1/6 ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 38½, Lease Land 33⅞, £ 7, s 9, d 9 Robert Ballard: Ground Rent 13/., Free Land 15½, Lease Land 0, £ 1, s 8, d 6 Geo. Bird Ground Rent at 2/. ꝑ Ann. for 7½ Months: Ground Rent 16/3, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 16, d 3 James Colgrave: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 3, Lease Land 57½, £ 14, s 10, d 6 Ruth Colgrave: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 10½, Lease Land 33½, £ 8, s 19, d 0 Joseph Chamberlain: Ground Rent 15/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 John Droxtons Orphans: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 86½, Lease Land 8, £ 6, s 6, d 6 Jonathan Droxton: Ground Rent 17/4, Free Land 128⅝, Lease Land 4, £ 8, s 6, d 1 Isaac Droxton 5 Ac. at 4/. ꝑ Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 78, Lease Land 25, £ 9, s 18, d 0 John Desfountains Orph. 5 Ac. at 4/. ꝑ Ac. 7½ Ac. at 2/6 ꝑ Ac. 13½ Ac. at 1/6 ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 98½, Lease Land 77½, £ 19, s 10, d 6 John Desfountain: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 20, Lease Land 71, £ 18, s 15, d 0 Saml. Desfountain: Ground Rent 17/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 17, d 0 Henry Easthope: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 14, Lease Land 28, £ 7, s 14, d 0 James Easthope: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 11, Lease Land 8, £ 2, s 11, d 0 Sarah Fenge 3 Ac. at 1/. ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 7, £ 1, s 3, d 0 Michael Frost: Ground Rent 15/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 Jacob Fabian: Ground Rent 15/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 Richard Goodwin: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 49, Lease Land 27, £ 9, s 4, d 0 John Goodwin: Ground Rent 10/6, Free Land 67½, Lease Land 28, £ 10, s 18, d 0 James Greentree 33½ Acs. at 4/. ꝑ Ac. 26 Acs. at 2/6 ꝑ Ac.: Ground Rent 25/3, Free Land 106½, Lease Land 137, £ 33, s 18, d 6 Robert Gosling 9 Ac. at 1/6 ꝑ Ac. 15½ Ac. at 2/. ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 23, Lease Land 24½, £ 3, s 7, d 6 Carried over: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 1426¼, Lease Land 1506½, £ 407, s 10, d 10½ | The planters' rent roll continued from £156 5s 8d brought over. Brought over: 378 acres freehold, 622¼ acres leasehold, £156 5s 8d Orlando Bagley's orphans, 2¼ acres at 2s 6d an acre and 16½ acres at 4s an acre, ground rent nil, 52½ acres freehold, 96¾ acres leasehold, £23 7s 0d Matthew Bazett, 15 acres at 1s an acre and 7¾ acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 10s, 152 acres freehold, 85¼ acres leasehold, £23 7s 10½d Henry Bazett, 3 acres at 4s, 2½ acres at 2s 6d and 5 acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 24s 6d, 65 acres freehold, 49½ acres leasehold, £16 0s 3d Orlando Bagley, 19 acres at 1s 6d an acre and 9½ acres at 2s an acre, ground rent nil, 0 acres freehold, 77¾ acres leasehold, £13 8s 0d Thomas Burnham, ground rent nil, 29 acres freehold, 15 acres leasehold, £5 4s 0d William Beale, 16½ acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent nil, 38½ acres freehold, 33¾ acres leasehold, £7 9s 9d Robert Ballard, ground rent 13s, 15½ acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £1 8s 6d George Bird, ground rent at 2s a year for 7½ months, 1s 3d, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 1s 3d James Colgrave, ground rent nil, 3 acres freehold, 57½ acres leasehold, £14 10s 6d Ruth Colgrave, ground rent nil, 10½ acres freehold, 33¾ acres leasehold, £8 19s 0d Joseph Chamberlain, ground rent 15s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 15s 0d John Doveton's orphans, ground rent nil, 86½ acres freehold, 8 acres leasehold, £6 6s 6d Jonathan Doveton, ground rent 17s 4d, 128¾ acres freehold, 4 acres leasehold, £8 6s 1d Isaac Doveton, 5 acres at 4s an acre, ground rent nil, 78 acres freehold, 25 acres leasehold, £9 18s 0d John Desfountain's orphans, 5 acres at 4s, 7½ acres at 2s 6d and 13½ acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent nil, 98½ acres freehold, 77½ acres leasehold, £19 10s 6d John Desfountain, ground rent nil, 20 acres freehold, 71 acres leasehold, £18 15s 0d Samuel Desfountain, ground rent 17s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 17s 0d Henry Easthope, ground rent nil, 14 acres freehold, 28 acres leasehold, £7 14s 0d James Easthope, ground rent nil, 11 acres freehold, 8 acres leasehold, £2 11s 0d Sarah Ferry, 3 acres at 1s an acre, ground rent nil, 0 acres freehold, 7 acres leasehold, £1 3s 0d Michael Frost, ground rent 15s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 15s 0d Julio Fabiano, ground rent 15s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 15s 0d Richard Goodwin, ground rent nil, 49 acres freehold, 27 acres leasehold, £9 4s 0d John Goodwin, ground rent 10s 6d, 6½ acres freehold, 28 acres leasehold, £10 18s 0d James Greentree, 33½ acres at 4s an acre and 26 acres at 2s 6d an acre, ground rent 25s 3d, 106½ acres freehold, 137 acres leasehold, £33 18s 6d Robert Gosling, 9 acres at 1s 6d an acre and 15½ acres at 2s an acre, ground rent nil, 23 acres freehold, 24½ acres leasehold, £3 7s 6d Carried over: 1,426¾ acres freehold, 1,506¼ acres leasehold, £407 10s 10½d Interpretations Several holdings were entered under the names of orphans: those of Orlando Bagley, John Doveton and John Desfountain. The land passed to minor children on a parent's death, and their guardians paid the rent in their names until they came of age. That kept the leases alive, as Henry Bazett and William Wrangham did for John Soule's 17 acres. On an island where land was held from the Company on conditions, the rent roll was the record that proved a family's continued right to its ground. Rent left unpaid for a ward could cost a child his inheritance. | |
398 | 30th. September Ground Rent, Free Land, Lease Land, £, s, d Brought over: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 1426¼, Lease Land 1506½, £ 407, s 10, d 10½ Geo. Hayes: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 30, Lease Land 61½, £ 3, s 2, d 6 Margt. Harper: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 10, Lease Land 26, £ 7, s 0, d 0 William Hayes: Ground Rent 10/., Free Land 1¾, Lease Land 14¼, £ 4, s 3, d 0 Mary Harper: Ground Rent 12/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 12, d 0 Gabl. Hayford 6 Ac. at 1/. ꝑ Ac. 4¾ Ac. at 3/. ꝑ Ac. ¾ at 2/. ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 40, Lease Land 11½, £ 3, s 1, d 9 Elisha Jacks: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 25, Lease Land 5, £ 2, s 10, d 0 Martha Jacks: Ground Rent 16/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 16, d 0 Gabl. Jacks: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 8, £ 2, s 0, d 0 Isaac Knipes Orps.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 30, Lease Land 23½, £ 7, s 7, d 6 Eliz. Kennedy: Ground Rent 17/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 17, d 0 Thos. Leech: Ground Rent 12/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 12, d 0 Eliz. Lamb: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 10, £ 2, s 10, d 0 Benj. Mason 31 Ac. at 1/6 ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 13/3, Free Land 42, Lease Land 84¼, £ 18, s 10, d 5 Robt. Merchant Ground Rent at 6/. ꝑ Ann. for 7½ Months: Ground Rent 7/6, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 5, d 7½ Matt Purling 13½ Ac. at 1/. ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 28/2, Free Land 205, Lease Land 108½, £ 36, s 6, d 8 James Powell: Ground Rent 3/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 3, d 0 John Price: Ground Rent 35/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 1, s 15, d 0 James Pritchard: Ground Rent 7/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 7, d 0 John Pritchard: Ground Rent 10/., Free Land 1, Lease Land 12, £ 3, s 11, d 0 John Preston: Ground Rent 15/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 John Robinson 45¾ Ac. at 1/6 ꝑ Ac.: Ground Rent 8/., Free Land 41¼, Lease Land 58¾, £ 9, s 2, d 10½ John Seale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 17½, £ 4, s 7, d 6 Sol. St. Maurice: Ground Rent 50/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 2, s 10, d 0 Willm. Seale 5½ Ac. at 1/6 ꝑ Ac. 1½ Acr. at 2/. ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 7, Lease Land 47½, £ 9, s 10, d 9 Benj. Seale 10½ Ac. at 1/. ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 21, £ 2, s 2, d 0 Mary Seale: Ground Rent 13/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 7½, £ 2, s 12, d 6 Carried over: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 1859¼, Lease Land 1963¾, £ 535, s 1, d 11½ | The planters' rent roll continued from £407 10s 10½d brought over. Brought over: 1,426¾ acres freehold, 1,506¼ acres leasehold, £407 10s 10½d George Hayes, ground rent nil, 30 acres freehold, 6½ acres leasehold, £3 2s 6d Margaret Harper, ground rent nil, 10 acres freehold, 26 acres leasehold, £7 0s 0d William Hayes, ground rent 10s, 1¾ acres freehold, 14¼ acres leasehold, £4 3s 0d Mary Harper, ground rent 12s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 12s 0d Gabriel Harper, 6 acres at 1s 6d, 4¼ acres at 2s 6d and ¾ acre at 2s an acre, ground rent nil, 40 acres freehold, 11½ acres leasehold, £3 1s 9d Elisha Jacks, ground rent nil, 25 acres freehold, 5 acres leasehold, £2 10s 0d Martha Jacks, ground rent 16s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 16s 0d Gabriel [...], ground rent nil, 0 acres freehold, 8 acres leasehold, £2 0s 0d Isaac Knipe's orphans, ground rent nil, 30 acres freehold, 23½ acres leasehold, £7 7s 6d Elizabeth Kennedy, ground rent 17s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 17s 0d Thomas Leech, ground rent 12s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 12s 0d Elizabeth Lamb, ground rent nil, 0 acres freehold, 10 acres leasehold, £2 10s 0d Benjamin Mason, 21 acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 13s 3d, 42 acres freehold, 84¼ acres leasehold, £18 10s 5d Roderick Merchant, ground rent at 3s a year for 7½ months, 1s 10½d, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 1s 10½d Matthew Purling, 13½ acres at 1s an acre, ground rent 28s 2d, 205 acres freehold, 108½ acres leasehold, £36 6s 8d James Powell, ground rent 3s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 3s 0d John Price, ground rent 35s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £1 15s 0d James Pritchard, ground rent 7s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 7s 0d John Pritchard, ground rent 10s, 1 acre freehold, 12 acres leasehold, £3 11s 0d John Preston, ground rent 15s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 15s 0d John Robinson, 45¾ acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 8s, 41½ acres freehold, 58¾ acres leasehold, £9 2s 10½d John Seale, ground rent nil, 0 acres freehold, 17½ acres leasehold, £4 7s 6d Solomon St Maurice, ground rent 50s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £2 10s 0d William Seale, 5½ acres at 1s 6d an acre and 11½ acres at 2s an acre, ground rent nil, 7 acres freehold, 47½ acres leasehold, £9 10s 9d Benjamin Seale, 10½ acres at 1s an acre, ground rent nil, 0 acres freehold, 21 acres leasehold, £1 2s 0d Mary Seale, ground rent 15s, 0 acres freehold, 7½ acres leasehold, £2 12s 6d Carried over: 1,859¼ acres freehold, 1,963¾ acres leasehold, £535 1s 11½d Interpretations Matthew Purling held more than 300 acres, two-thirds of it freehold, and paid £36 6s 8d in rent, the largest sum of any single holder on the roll so far. As a member of the Council he took part in deciding every lease, rent and grant of waste land on the island, including the rents set on his neighbours. Officials holding land on the island they governed was usual in the Company's settlements. It shows, however, how far the Council's decisions on land, fencing and cattle touched its own members' interests, as well as those of the planters who petitioned it. | |
399 | 1771 Ground Rent, Free Land, Lease Land, £, s, d Brought over: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 1859¼, Lease Land 1963¾, £ 535, s 1, d 11½ Chas. Ross Stewart: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 9, Lease Land 17, £ 4, s 14, d 0 Martha Scott: Ground Rent 12/5, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 12, d 5 Nathan Sampsell: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 25, Lease Land 11, £ 4, s 0, d 0 John Scott 19½ Ac. at 2/. ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 19½, £ 1, s 19, d 0 Society Ground Rent at 4/. ꝑ Annum: Ground Rent 4/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 4, d 0 John Shirtley: Ground Rent 13/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 13, d 0 Jeremiah Smith: Ground Rent 15/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0 James Sorbels Orps.: Ground Rent 12/., Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 12, d 0 John Worrall: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 31, Lease Land 33, £ 9, s 16, d 0 John Worralls Orps.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 42½, £ 10, s 12, d 6 William Wrangham 3 Ac. at 1/6 ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 26/6, Free Land 166, Lease Land 86, £ 30, s 12, d 0 Jane Wilson: Ground Rent 2/6, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 2, d 6 Simon Whaley 6½ Ac. at 1/6 ꝑ Ac. 2½ Ac. at 2/. ꝑ Acre: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 16, Lease Land 46½, £ 10, s 13, d 10½ William Young: Ground Rent 5/., Free Land 79½, Lease Land 39, £ 11, s 9, d 6 Stephen Young: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 19, Lease Land 8½, £ 3, s 1, d 6 Total: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 2205¾, Lease Land 2261¼, £ 625, s 0, d 3 We this day Executed the following Leases vizt. One to William Young for a piece of Land containing six & a quarter Acres at 1/6 ꝑ Acre. One to Lieut. Robert Gosling for a piece of Land containing two & three quarters Acres at 1/. ꝑ Acre. One to Samuel Knipe Junr. for a piece of Land containing twenty three Acres at 1/. ꝑ Acre. | The planters' rent roll concluded from £535 1s 11½d brought over. Brought over: 1,859¼ acres freehold, 1,963¾ acres leasehold, £535 1s 11½d Charles Ross Steward, ground rent nil, 9 acres freehold, 17 acres leasehold, £4 14s 0d Martha Scott, ground rent 12s 5d, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 12s 5d Nathan Campbell, ground rent nil, 25 acres freehold, 11 acres leasehold, £4 0s 0d John Scott, 19½ acres at 2s an acre, ground rent nil, 0 acres freehold, 19½ acres leasehold, £1 19s 0d The Society, ground rent at 4s a year, 4s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 4s 0d John Shelley, ground rent 13s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 13s 0d Jeremiah Smith, ground rent 15s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 15s 0d James Tibbets' orphans, ground rent 12s, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 12s 0d John Worrall, ground rent nil, 31 acres freehold, 33 acres leasehold, £9 16s 0d John Worrall's orphans, ground rent nil, 0 acres freehold, 42½ acres leasehold, £10 12s 6d William Wrangham, 3 acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 26s 6d, 166 acres freehold, 86 acres leasehold, £30 12s 0d Jane Wilson, ground rent 2s 6d, 0 acres freehold, 0 acres leasehold, £0 2s 6d Simon Whaley, 6½ acres at 1s 6d an acre and 2½ acres at 2s an acre, ground rent nil, 16 acres freehold, 46½ acres leasehold, £10 13s 10½d William Young, ground rent 5s, 79½ acres freehold, 39 acres leasehold, £11 9s 6d Stephen Young, ground rent nil, 19 acres freehold, 8½ acres leasehold, £3 1s 6d Total: 2,203¼ acres freehold, 2,261½ acres leasehold, £825 0s 3d The Council signed several leases that day. One went to William Young for 6¼ acres of land at 1s 6d an acre. Another went to Lieutenant Robert Gosling for 2¾ acres at 1s an acre. A third went to Samuel Knipe junior for 23 acres at 1s an acre. Interpretations The rent roll accounted for about 4,460 acres of private land, almost evenly divided between freehold and leasehold. The year's rents brought in £825 0s 3d, a third more than the £620 7s 3½d paid in September 1770. Much of the rise came from the waste land let to planters through the year at 1s or 1s 6d an acre: strips for fencing, barren ridges and gullies. Each grant was small, but together they brought idle ground under rent and under someone's care. The Society appeared on the roll for a house plot in the valley, probably the store from which it retailed arrack. The leases to Young and Gosling completed the grants agreed on 22 July 1771, at the differing rents Purling had recommended after viewing the land. | |
400 | 30th. September One to John Desfountain for two pieces of Land containing on the whole twelve & three quarters Acres at 1/3 ꝑ Acre all lying in the East Division And One to John Seale for a piece of Land containing five and an half Acres at 1/. ꝑ Acre lying in the South Division of this Island. Having discovered since the sailing of Ship Pigot that a great number of Bad half pence have been left upon the Island out of that Ship We to prevent the like imposition in future Ordered the following Advertisement to be published. Island St. Helena 30th. Septr. 1771 Whereas there has been lately introduced into this Island from Ship Pigot a number of half pence without any impression also many other half pence with an impression supposed to be Birmingham all of which are made of Base Metal. This is therefore to give Notice to all the Inhabitants of the said Island that no such half pence will be permitted to be taken into the Honorable Company's Stores or pass as a Currency on this Island. And it is further required of all | The Council signed two further leases that day. One went to John Desfountain for two pieces of land in the East Division, 12¾ acres in all, at 1s an acre. The other went to John Seale for 5½ acres in the South Division of the island at 1s an acre. Since the Pigot sailed, the Council had found that a great many bad halfpence had been left on the island from that ship. To prevent such fraud in future, it ordered a notice to be published. The notice, dated 30 September 1771, stated that a quantity of halfpence bearing no stamp had recently been brought onto the island from the Pigot. Many others had a stamp thought to have been made in Birmingham, and all were of base metal. It warned every inhabitant that no such halfpence would be accepted at the Company's stores or allowed to pass as currency on the island. It went on to require all [...] Interpretations Birmingham was the centre of the counterfeit copper trade in eighteenth-century England. Its workshops struck vast numbers of light, base-metal halfpence, some blank and some with crude imitations of the royal design, and sold them at a discount to anyone who would pass them. Sailors bought them cheaply at home and spent them at full value wherever small change was scarce. St Helena, short of coin and dependent on what the ships brought, was an easy target. A crew could pay for drink, fruit and laundry in false copper and be gone before anyone noticed. The Council could not catch the men who had passed the coins. Its remedy was to refuse them at the stores, the largest buyer and seller on the island. Once the Company would not take them, no one else would either, and the bad halfpence lost their value at a stroke. The counterfeit rupees of April 1771 had shown how quickly false coin could spread through the island's trade. | |
401 | 1771 all Persons upon the Island aforesaid that they are to be very cautious of what Money they take either from the outward or homeward bound Ships to prevent Imposition of this nature. Per Order of Council (signed) Bazett Secy. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | The notice about the bad halfpence ended by urging every inhabitant to be very careful about any money they accepted from outward- or homeward-bound ships, so that no one would be cheated in this way again. Matthew Bazett, the secretary, signed it on the Council's order. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. | |
402 | 7th. October At a Consultation held on Monday the 7th. day of October 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Governor Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed, dated the 30th. September 1771. The Governor presented the following Minute to be entered in this days Consultation That on Monday the 30 September between the hours of eight and nine o'Clock at Night Captain Tyssel Engineer reported to the Governor that Lieut. Thomas Bazett had just been informed by Stephen Landerhorst a Soldier of the Working Party, That Serjeant Moore Willm. Harper and Robt. Johnston of Lemon Valley Guard had entered into a Combination with two or three other Soldiers, for to seize on the Company's Long-Boat then in the Road at ten o'Clock that Night, in order for to desert this Island. On which emergency the Govr. Ordered Captn. Tyssel and Lieut. Thos. Bazett as the Long-Boats were under their charge immediately to take a Serjeant and twelve Men from the Main Guard with their Arms and ammunition, and to proceed with the utmost expedition to secure effectually the sd. Long-Boat in order to prevent the intended desertion from being carried into execution, and after that to repair to Lemon Valley Guard to seize & secure the aforesaid Serjeant and two Men & bring them Prisoners to the Main Guard, or in case they should have secreted themselves from the sd. Guard, to procure what Intelligence they could about them. That Captn. Tyssel returned again to the Valley a little after twelve o'Clock at Night | The Council met at the Castle on Monday 7 October 1771. Governor Skottowe presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 30 September 1771. The Governor laid a minute before the Council to be entered in the record. On the evening of Monday 30 September 1771, between eight and nine o'clock, Captain Tippet, the engineer, came to tell him what Lieutenant Thomas Bazett had just learned from Stephen [...], a soldier of the working party. Sergeant Moore, William Harper and Robert Johnston of the Lemon Valley guard had joined with two or three other soldiers in a plan to seize the Company's longboat, then lying in the road, at ten o'clock that night and desert the island. The longboats were under the charge of Tippet and Bazett. The Governor ordered them at once to take a sergeant and twelve men from the main guard, armed and supplied with ammunition, and make all possible speed to secure the longboat and prevent the escape. They were then to go to the Lemon Valley guard post, seize the sergeant and the two men, and bring them as prisoners to the main guard. If the men had already left their post, they were to find out whatever they could about them. Captain Tippet came back to the valley a little after midnight. Interpretations A sergeant at the head of the plot made it far more dangerous than the private desertions of earlier in the year. Lemon Valley lay on the leeward coast, one of the very landing places the Council had spent the year walling. Its guard post existed to stop men coming ashore. Here its own sergeant planned to lead men off the island in the Company's longboat. A boat in the road, manned by soldiers who knew the signals and the guard routines, could have been beyond the batteries before an alarm was raised. The Governor's response, a dozen armed men sent at once, shows how seriously he took the threat. Seizing the longboat came before arresting the plotters, because without the boat there could be no escape. | |
403 | 1771 Night and reported to the Governor that when he had secured the Long-boat which thro some neglect had had her Sails & Rudder that Night left in her he proceeded to Lemon Valley Guard, but that Serjeant Moore and the aforesaid two Men had absented themselves from it about half an hour before he Arrived there that he could not learn any further intelligence from the Corporal or other Men of that Guard, than that one of the absent Men had been seen catching a great many Poultry & that when the Corporal asked him his reason for doing so he replied that Captn. Tyssel who the Poultry belonged to had sent for them and that they all declared they had not seen the Serjeant and two Men abscond, it was so very Dark or heard them make any preparation for doing so. That Captn. Tyssel returned again to the Valley that Night because he apprehended it in vain for to make any further search then on account of its being so very Dark and the Sea very High, he also said that he had found on the West Rocks two Hogsheads filled with Water and two more empty ones laying near them that he did not think it Rational to imagine the sd. Serjeant and Men would think of leaving the Island as they had only a small Jolly Boat of the Company's and no Water. That the Governor then Ordered Captn. Tyssel to go again at day break with the same Party in the Pinnace as far to the SW part of the Island as he could with safety in search of the said missing Serjeant & Men and to be particularly careful in examining every Creek or part of the Island which they thought possible for them to be concealed and if they found them to bring them Prisoners to the Fort. that next Morning the Governor requested the attendance of the Gentlemen of Council in order to acquaint them with the measures he had taken on this circumstance. That when the Board met it was thought expedient to send an Officer to Sandy Bay with Orders that in case the Long Boat which was at Sea should arrive there he was to take a party of Men from the Guard along with him into the sd. Long Boat and return with her into the Road, it was also thought necessary to send Lieut. Thos. Bazett with the other Long Boat Pinnace and a Party of Men to Windward of the Island in Order to secure the Long Boat there. That next morning | When Tippet reported back to the Governor after midnight, he said he had secured the longboat. Through some neglect her sails and rudder had been left in her that night. He had then gone on to the Lemon Valley guard post, but Sergeant Moore and the two men had slipped away about half an hour before he arrived. He could learn little more from the corporal or the other men of the guard. One of the missing men had been seen catching a great many poultry. When the corporal asked him why, he answered that Captain Tippet, who owned the birds, had sent for them. The rest of the guard all declared that they had not seen the sergeant and the two men leave, since it was very dark, nor heard them make any preparations. Tippet had come back to the valley that night because any further search would have been useless in the darkness and the very heavy surf. He also reported finding two hogsheads filled with water on the West Rocks, with two empty ones lying beside them. He did not think it reasonable to suppose that the sergeant and his men meant to leave the island, since they had only one of the Company's small jolly boats and no water. The Governor then ordered Captain Tippet to set out again at daybreak with the same party in the pinnace, and search as far towards the south-west of the island as he safely could. He was to examine with particular care every rock and corner where the men might hide, and if he found them, bring them as prisoners to the fort. The next morning the Governor called the members of the Council together to tell them what he had done. When they met, they decided to send an officer to Sandy Bay with orders that, if the longboat then at sea arrived there, he should take a party of men from the guard aboard her and bring her round into the road. They also judged it necessary to send Lieutenant Thomas Bazett with the other longboat, the pinnace and a party of men to the windward side of the island to secure the longboat there. The next morning [...] Interpretations The details Tippet found pointed to a planned escape, not a wild impulse. The poultry seized on a false pretext, the water casks hidden on the West Rocks and the jolly boat in reach were the provisions for a voyage. Tippet's judgment that a small boat without water could not get far may have been sound, but the casks suggest the men had meant to fill her before they left. Securing every larger boat on the coast was the Council's answer. A party in a jolly boat could do nothing more than hide among the rocks. With a longboat they might reach a passing ship or the open sea. Leaving the sails and rudder in the longboat overnight was exactly the neglect the plotters had counted on. | |
404 | 7th. October morning Lieut. Bazett saw the sd. Long Boat off the SW Point standing in for the Road and accordingly went to meet her, and returned with both Long Boats and People into the Road. it having been reported to the Governor that the Deserters had been seen in the Country [...] the two succeeding days the Governor sent two Partys into the Country in Order to search for sd. Deserters both of which returned without having been able to procure any sort of intelligence about them: neither have they yet been seen or heard of from whence it may reasonably be conjectured that they have perished at Sea. With regard to Mr. Cornelles Minute the Govr. in Justice to himself observes that he has always made it a rule of Conduct to consult the Gentlemen of Council but in this emergency he thought no time was to be lost in sending to have the Long Boat effectually secured and that next morning would be time enough for to Assemble the Gentlemen of Council to acquaint them with this circumstance also to fall upon other measures for taking the Deserters, in case Captn. Tyssel should not find them and desires that Captn. Tyssel and Lieut. Bazett may be requested to give the Board an Account in writing of what happened in consequence of the Governors Orders to them to secure effectually the Long Boat and afterwards proceed to Lemon Valley Guard to seize and take Prisoners Serjt. Moore William Harper and Robert Johnston also to account why the Sails and Rudder of the Long Boat came to be left in her that Night likewise to give their sentiments whether they think their having remained at Lemon Valley all Night, or that if more Boats had been stationed from Lemon Valley to the Fort the said Deserters would have been taken. In respect to Mr. Cornelles not having been made acquainted with this circumstance sooner the Governor observes that Captn. Tyssel was not on Duty and conjectures that both he and Lieut. Bazett was first made acquainted with the intended Desertion because the Long Boats were under their Charge, at least | The next morning Lieutenant Bazett saw the longboat off the south-west point, heading in for the road. He went to meet her and brought both longboats and their crews back into the road. The Governor had heard reports that the deserters had been seen in the countryside, so over the next two days he sent two parties inland to search for them. Both came back without any news. The men had not been seen or heard of since, and it seemed reasonable to suppose they had perished at sea. The Governor then answered a minute that Daniel Corneille had laid before the Council. In fairness to himself, he pointed out that he had always made it his rule to consult the members of the Council. In this emergency, however, he had judged there was no time to lose in securing the longboat. The next morning had been soon enough to call the members together, tell them what had happened and agree on other measures for taking the deserters if Captain Tippet failed to find them. He asked that Captain Tippet and Lieutenant Bazett be required to give the Council a written account of what had happened after they received his orders to secure the longboat and to go on to the Lemon Valley guard and arrest Sergeant Moore, William Harper and Robert Johnston. They were also to explain why the longboat's sails and rudder had been left in her that night. They were further to say whether, in their view, the deserters would have been caught if the party had stayed at Lemon Valley all night, or if more boats had been stationed between Lemon Valley and the fort. As to Corneille not having been told sooner, the Governor observed that Captain Tippet had not been on duty. He supposed that Tippet and Lieutenant Bazett had been told of the planned desertion first because the longboats were under their charge, at least [...] Interpretations Corneille had evidently complained in a minute of his own that he had not been told of the plot or consulted. As Lieutenant Governor he commanded the garrison and was the Governor's colleague on the Council. A plan by a sergeant and his men to desert in a Company boat was exactly his business. The Governor's reply defended acting alone on the ground of urgency, then turned the question outward. He called for written accounts from Tippet and Bazett on their own handling of the night: the sails and rudder left aboard, and whether the guard should have stayed at Lemon Valley. Shifting the inquiry onto the officers' conduct protected the Governor's own decisions. It also put on record that the escape had succeeded through others' negligence, should the Directors ask how three soldiers had been lost. | |
405 | 1771 least it was the Governors reason for sending them to effectually secure her, and afterwards as having the Pinnace and consequently an opportunity to use the utmost expedition of proceeding to Lemon Valley for to endeavour to seize the Serjeant and Deserters. With regard to Non Commissioned Officers being suffered to remain longer at any Guard than the customary reliefs in many instances the Govr. also thinks may be an improper method does not recollect that ever any application was made to him for Serjeant Moore to do so, and therefore shall send to the Commanding Officer of that Company and likewise to the Adjutant to know why Serjeant Moore was permitted to remain so long at Lemon Valley Guard Yet in instances of old Soldiers being suffered to remain at an out Guard on account of his Health or in case of his being incapable of harder Duty are circumstances which the Governor has known often practiced, so that when affairs of this nature are plainly made appear to the Governor to be reasonable he will always admit of it without apprehending himself accountable to any Person on this Island for his conduct. The Governor only further observes that he considers himself Commanding Officer on this Island and as such he hopes his conduct on this Affair will meet with the approbation of his Honble. Employers notwithstanding whatever the Lieutenant Governor may think of it. (signed) John Skottowe The Lieutenant Governor likewise presented the Subsequent Minute. In consequence of the Deserters on Monday the 30th. September between the Hours of seven and eight o'Clock in the Evening | The longboats being in their charge was, at least, the Governor's reason for sending Tippet and Bazett to secure the boat. They also had the pinnace, and so the means of reaching Lemon Valley as fast as possible to try to seize the sergeant and the deserters. The Lieutenant Governor had also objected that non-commissioned officers were often allowed to stay at a guard post longer than the usual relief. The Governor agreed this might be a poor practice. He did not recall that anyone had ever asked him to let Sergeant Moore do so, and he would ask the commanding officer of Moore's company and the adjutant why Moore had been left so long at the Lemon Valley guard. He added, however, that old soldiers were often kept at an outpost for the sake of their health, or because they were no longer fit for harder duty. When such arrangements were plainly reasonable he would always allow them, and he did not consider himself answerable to anyone on the island for his conduct. He ended by observing that he regarded himself as commanding officer on the island, and hoped the Directors would approve his handling of the affair, whatever the Lieutenant Governor might think of it. John Skottowe signed the minute. The Lieutenant Governor then presented a further minute of his own. It began by recalling the desertion of Monday 30 September 1771, between seven and eight o'clock in the evening [...] Interpretations The deserters' escape had opened a quarrel at the top of the island's government. Corneille, as Lieutenant Governor and captain of the First Company, regarded the garrison as his command, and resented the Governor acting through Tippet and Bazett without a word to him. He also blamed the practice of leaving a sergeant for long spells at a lonely outpost, where he could get to know the coast and plan an escape at leisure. Skottowe's answer was blunt. He alone was commanding officer on the island, accountable only to the Directors, not to his deputy. Writing that into the consultation book carried the dispute to London. Each man now set out his case in minutes that the Court of Directors would read and judge. The loss of three soldiers had become a test of who commanded St Helena. | |
406 | 7th. October Evening, of Willm. Harrison, John Coulson, Nicholas Dennes, Long boat hands from James's Valley in the Company's Yawl, and also Serjt. Moore Willm. Harper and Robert Johnston belonging to Lemon Valley Guard, the Lieut. Governor thinks it incumbent on him in order to clear himself from any Censure from his Honble. Employers to enter the following Minute in Consultation. That notwithstanding the information was given to the Governor so early as a little after eight o'Clock in the Evening, Mr. Cornelle had no report made to him of so material a circumstance nor knew nothing of the transaction until after six o'Clock on Tuesday morning that about eight Mr. Cornelle received a Message from the Governor to be at the Castle at ten, and when assembled the Govr. informed Messrs. Purling and Cornelle of said Desertion that their scheme was to run off with one of the Long Boats then lying in the Road the other being out at Sea, that he had sent Captn. Tyssel with a Party of Men to secure the Long Boat, and in search of said Deserters, that Captn. Tyssel returned about twelve at night but could not find them, that he thought he heard Willm. Harrisons Voice on the Rocks to the Eastward of Lemon Valley, on which he fired two Guns from said Battery and ranged the said Rocks as well as to give the Alarm to the Governor. Mr. Cornelle then observed that he thought he should have been informed of the transaction the preceeding night nay further that after what had already happened in point of frequent Desertion he thought such a circumstance required the Governors Assembling the Council, as a number of heads might have fallen upon measures for retaking those People that might have escaped a single Person, that had the Governor so acted he was persuaded that they might have been taken, as the quickness of the information to him together with the Voices that were heard can leave no room to doubt of their being then upon the Rocks, and would most certainly have recommended a number of Armed Men in different Boats to have guarded the Coast all night without giving any Alarm by firing Guns, a sure mode of informing the said Deserters | Corneille's minute set out what had happened on the evening of 30 September 1771. William Harrison, John Coulson and Nicholas Dennis, longboat hands from James's Valley, had deserted in the Company's yawl, together with Sergeant Moore, William Harper and Robert Johnston of the Lemon Valley guard. The Lieutenant Governor felt bound to enter his account in the record to clear himself of any blame from the Directors. The Governor had been told of the plot a little after eight o'clock that evening. Yet nobody reported so serious a matter to Corneille, and he knew nothing of it until after six o'clock on Tuesday morning. At about eight he received a message to attend at the Castle at ten. When the members met, the Governor told Purling and Corneille of the desertion. The men's plan had been to make off in one of the two longboats then lying in the road, the other being out at sea. The Governor had sent Captain Tippet with a party to secure the longboat and search for the deserters. Tippet had come back at about midnight without finding them. He believed, however, that he had heard William Harrison's voice on the rocks east of Lemon Valley. He had then fired two guns from the battery there and searched the rocks, which also served to give the alarm to the Governor. Corneille stated that he should have been told of the matter the night before. After the recent run of desertions, he considered that the circumstances called for the Governor to assemble the Council, since several heads might have hit on better ways of catching the men than one alone. Had the Governor done so, Corneille was convinced the deserters would have been taken. The speed with which the news reached the Governor, and the voices heard on the rocks, left no doubt that the men were still there. He would certainly have recommended armed parties in several boats to watch the coast all night without giving any alarm by firing guns, which was a sure way of warning the deserters [...] Interpretations Corneille's account added three men the Governor's minute had left out: the longboat hands who took the Company's yawl. Six men in all had gone, not three. His sharpest charge concerned the two guns Tippet fired at Lemon Valley. Tippet believed he had heard Harrison's voice on the rocks, so the men were within reach. Firing an alarm told them they had been discovered and gave them the chance to put to sea in the dark. A silent watch by armed boats, as Corneille argued, might have caught them at dawn. His wider point concerned how the island was governed. On a matter this serious he had expected the Governor to consult the Council. The Governor treated it as a military emergency for him alone. Each laid his version before the Directors, who would decide which of them had been right. | |
407 | 1771 Deserters that they were discovered. That Captn. Tyssel and his Party ought not to have been suffered to return at twelve and leave the Coast totally unguarded from that Hour until day break in the Morning. The measures that were fallen upon in Council on Tuesday effectually secured the Long boat that was out at Sea, as we were apprehensive that those people as they were disappointed in the Boat lying at Anchor might have made an attempt to secure that to Windward. Mr. Cornelle further observes that notwithstanding an Order in Council for the Sails and Rudder of the Long boat to be taken out of them when lying in the Bay, that it was a very great neglect that it was not done before the Alarm was given and further must consider it as subversive of good Discipline and all Garrison Regulations for Non Commissioned Officers to be left on the out Posts longer than the allotted times for relieving the said Guards. (signed) Danl. Cornelle We this day received the following Letter from the Engineer vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council Gentlemen I have the Honor to acquaint you that the Workmen was employed last Quarter in finishing Thompsons Old Womans and Swanleys Gullys, the Demi Bastion in James's Valley repairing Purlings half Moon Battery, and the old Barracks and I have the pleasure to inform you that we are in great forwardness at Friars Gully. I intend with your permission this Quarter making | Corneille went on to argue that firing the guns had told the deserters they were discovered. Captain Tippet and his party, he said, should not have been allowed to return at midnight, leaving the coast wholly unguarded until daybreak. The measures the Council agreed on Tuesday had at least secured the longboat that was out at sea. The members had feared that the men, having failed to take the boat at anchor, might try to seize the one to windward. Corneille further noted that the Council had already ordered the sails and rudder of the longboat to be taken out of her whenever she lay in the bay. In his view it was a serious failing that this had not been done before the alarm was given. He also condemned leaving non-commissioned officers at the outposts longer than the set period before relief, as damaging to good discipline and contrary to all garrison rules. Daniel Corneille signed the minute. The Council received a letter from the engineer the same day, addressed to Governor Skottowe and the Council. Captain Tippet reported that in the last quarter the workmen had finished the walls in Thompson's, Old Woman's and Swanly gullies. They had also worked on the demi-bastion in James's Valley, repaired Purling's Half Moon Battery and the old barracks. He was glad to report good progress at Friar's Gully. With the Council's permission, he intended in the coming quarter to make [...] Interpretations Corneille's closing point struck at the Council's own standing order. The sails and rudder should have been removed from the longboat every night, and on 30 September they had not been. A boat without them could not have carried six men off the island. The failure was the plotters' opportunity, and it lay within the charge of the officers the Governor had trusted with the boats. By naming it, Corneille made the Governor's chosen agents, Tippet and Bazett, answerable for the escape. Tippet's report shows the leeward walls largely complete. Three gullies were closed and a fourth well advanced by the end of September 1771. The work the Council ordered in April, in response to the Secret Committee's warnings, had been carried through in six months. | |
408 | 7th. October making a complete Finish with the Gullys, and continue repairing the Old Barracks I have the Honor to be Gentlemen Your most Obedt. Servant (signed) James Tyssel We directed Captn. Tyssel to complete the finishing the Leward Valleys after which to set about collecting Materials for Erecting a new Church and building the Officers Barracks as we intend pursuing these Works as soon as the aforesaid Valleys are compleated. The Grand Jury having made a Presentment at the Quarterly Sessions held on the 3 October 1770 for an Alteration to be made in the Road leading up Ladder Hill. In consequence of the said Presentment, it was then agreed that the proposed Alteration should be carried into Execution. As this Road is extremely steep and very dangerous for Travellers several having met with Accidents and Some lost their Lives in going it, and being convinced of the great Utility of this Alteration not only with respect to the ease and safety of the Traveller but also in regard | Captain Tippet proposed to finish the gullies completely in the coming quarter and to carry on repairing the old barracks. He signed the letter. The Council directed him to complete the walls in the leeward valleys first. After that he was to start gathering materials for building a new church and the officers' barracks, which the Council meant to take in hand as soon as the valleys were finished. At the quarterly sessions held on 3 October 1770, the grand jury had made a presentment calling for changes to the road up Ladder Hill, and the Council had then agreed that the work should go ahead. The road was extremely steep and very dangerous to travellers. Several people had met with accidents on it, and some had lost their lives. The Council was convinced that the change would be of great benefit, not only for the ease and safety of travellers but also with regard to [...] Interpretations A presentment was a formal complaint by the grand jury, the panel of leading inhabitants sworn at each quarterly sessions to bring public wrongs and nuisances before the court. On St Helena it served as the inhabitants' one regular means of pressing the Council on matters such as dangerous roads. The Ladder Hill works paid for in powder and stone layers' wages through 1771 thus answered a demand from the planters themselves, made a year earlier. The Council's order of priorities was plain. The new church and the officers' barracks would wait until the walls in the leeward valleys were finished. | |
409 | 14th. October regard to the Expence of repairs, the Honble. Company being at that Charge Annually as it is the only Road on the Island that was made and kept in repair by them, and as the Inhabitants have subscribed very largely to the said Alteration, we have agreed that the Company shall be at an equal expence with them until the said Road is compleated. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling At a Consultation held on Monday the 14th. day of October 1771 at the Castle Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Danl. Cornelle Esqr. Lieut. Govr. Mr. Matthew Purling of Council The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 7 October 1771 Yesterday Arrived the Duke of Portlands Boat at Banks's at half an hour past eight o'Clock in the Morning Do. Do. The Honble. Company's Ship Duke of Portland from Madrass and brought us the following Supplies vizt. | The change to the Ladder Hill road would also save on repairs. The Company bore that cost every year, since this was the only road on the island the Company had built and kept up. The inhabitants had also subscribed very generously towards the alteration. The Council therefore agreed that the Company would pay an equal share with them until the road was finished. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. The Council met at the Castle on Monday 14 October 1771. The Governor presided, with Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant Governor, and Matthew Purling, a member of the Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting of 7 October 1771. A boat from the Duke of Portland had landed at Banks's at half past eight on the morning of Sunday 13 October 1771, and the Company's ship Duke of Portland then arrived from Madras. She brought supplies for the island, which the record went on to list. Interpretations The Company had built the Ladder Hill road and paid every year to keep it passable, so the obvious course was to rebuild it at the Company's own expense, or to leave the improvement to the inhabitants who had asked for it. The Council chose to share the cost equally with them. Its reasons were both stated. The new line would cut the Company's yearly repair bill, so the Company gained from the work. The inhabitants had already shown they wanted the road enough to raise a large subscription. Matching their money pound for pound halved the Company's outlay on the blasting and stone laying recorded through 1771. It also left the planters with a stake in a public work, much as the Council had tried to involve them in the rules on dogs a year before. | |
410 | 14th. October Invoice of Ship Duke of Portland Batavia Arrack 2 Leagrs. of Galls. 280 at Ps. 55 ꝑ Leagr. 110 Rice 39 Bags ꝑ G. Wt. Mds. 42.2.21 Tare at 4 lb. 1.16 Wt. 41.2.5 is 2653 lb. Mds. 20⅛ at Ps. 72.14.10 ꝑ Garce 36.14.31 Paddy 41 Bags ꝑ G. Wt. Mds. 33.2.17 Tare at 4 lb. 2.5½ Wt. 35 lb. is Mds. 250 at 10 ꝑ Pagoda 25 171.14.31 Charges General Gunny Bags 105 at 4½ ꝑ C. 4.30.36 Tin Plates & Nails 8 Twine to mend the Bags lb. 5 5.20 Cooley hire on Rice & Arrack 16 Weighing Cooley 4.40 Boat & Cooley hire on 4 Boats 1.3.60 Tarpaulin hire on 2 do. 3 7.3.36 Pagodas 178.18.27 Errors Excepted (signed) Geo. Stratton The Plantation Account for the Quarter & the Expence of Artillery Stores & Stewards Accounts for the Month of Sept. last were this day laid before Us, which were Examined approved of and are as follow vizt. | The Duke of Portland's invoice listed her supplies from Madras, valued in pagodas. Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers containing 282 gallons, at 55 pagodas a leaguer, 110 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Rice, 39 bags weighing 42 cwt 2 qr 21 lb gross, less tare of 1 cwt 1 qr 16 lb, net 41 cwt 0 qr 5 lb, measuring 201⅛ measures, at 72 pagodas 14 fanams 10 cash a garce, 36 pagodas 14 fanams 31 cash Unhusked rice, 41 bags weighing 35 cwt 3 qr 17 lb gross, less tare, net 35 cwt [...], measuring 250 measures, at 10 measures a pagoda, 25 pagodas 0 fanams 0 cash Total for merchandise, 171 pagodas 14 fanams 31 cash Gunny bags, 105, at 4½ pagodas a hundred, 4 pagodas 30 fanams 36 cash Tin plates and nails, 0 pagodas 8 fanams 0 cash Twine for mending the bags, 5 [...], 0 pagodas 5 fanams 20 cash Coolie hire for the rice and arrack, 0 pagodas 16 fanams 0 cash Weighing coolies, 0 pagodas 4 fanams 40 cash Boat and coolie hire for 4 boats, 1 pagoda 3 fanams 60 cash Tarpaulin hire for 2 boats, 0 pagodas 3 fanams 0 cash Total for charges on the merchandise, 7 pagodas 3 fanams 36 cash Total, 178 pagodas 18 fanams 27 cash George Stratton signed the invoice, reserving the right to correct any errors. The plantation account for the quarter, the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for September 1771 came before the Council. The members examined and approved them, and the accounts followed in the record. | |
411 | Account of the Honble. Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c. from the 1st. July to the 30th. September 1771 Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses Horses, Horses Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese Remaining 1st. July: Neat Cattle Bulls 6, Neat Cattle Cows 99, Neat Cattle Calves 27, Neat Cattle Yearlings 25, Neat Cattle Heifers 25, Neat Cattle Steers 36, Neat Cattle Oxen 10, Neat Cattle Total 228, Sheep Ewes 263, Sheep Weathers 14, Sheep Lambs 31, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 318, Goats Ewes 107, Goats Weathers 15, Goats Kids 29, Goats Rams 7, Goats Total 158, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 2, Hogs Pigs 11, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 18, Horses Horses 7, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 120, Poultry Ducks 23, Poultry Turkeys 30, Poultry Geese 2 Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 7, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 7, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 83, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 83, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 36, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 36, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 23, Poultry Ducks 19, Poultry Turkeys 19, Poultry Geese 0 Received: Neat Cattle Bulls 1, Neat Cattle Cows 1, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 2, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 0, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 0, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 0, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 100, Neat Cattle Calves 34, Neat Cattle Yearlings 25, Neat Cattle Heifers 25, Neat Cattle Steers 36, Neat Cattle Oxen 10, Neat Cattle Total 237, Sheep Ewes 263, Sheep Weathers 14, Sheep Lambs 114, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 401, Goats Ewes 107, Goats Weathers 15, Goats Kids 65, Goats Rams 7, Goats Total 194, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 2, Hogs Pigs 11, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 18, Horses Horses 7, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 143, Poultry Ducks 42, Poultry Turkeys 49, Poultry Geese 2 Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 5, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 5, Sheep Ewes 32, Sheep Weathers 14, Sheep Lambs 10, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 56, Goats Ewes 2, Goats Weathers 2, Goats Kids 3, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 7, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 8, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 8, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 33, Poultry Ducks 5, Poultry Turkeys 0, Poultry Geese 0 Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 3, Neat Cattle Calves 1, Neat Cattle Yearlings 1, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 1, Neat Cattle Total 6, Sheep Ewes 3, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 12, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 15, Goats Ewes 2, Goats Weathers 1, Goats Kids 2, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 5, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 13, Poultry Ducks 16, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 0 Remaing. 30th. Sept.: Neat Cattle Bulls 7, Neat Cattle Cows 97, Neat Cattle Calves 33, Neat Cattle Yearlings 24, Neat Cattle Heifers 20, Neat Cattle Steers 36, Neat Cattle Oxen 9, Neat Cattle Total 226, Sheep Ewes 228, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 92, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 330, Goats Ewes 103, Goats Weathers 12, Goats Kids 60, Goats Rams 7, Goats Total 182, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 2, Hogs Pigs 3, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 10, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 13, Poultry Fowls 87, Poultry Ducks 21, Poultry Turkeys 42, Poultry Geese 2 Chang'd the Species: Neat Cattle Bulls 8, Neat Cattle Cows 98, Neat Cattle Calves 28, Neat Cattle Yearlings 21, Neat Cattle Heifers 22, Neat Cattle Steers 36, Neat Cattle Oxen 13, Neat Cattle Total 226, Sheep Ewes 233, Sheep Weathers 59, Sheep Lambs 25, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 330, Goats Ewes 111, Goats Weathers 36, Goats Kids 28, Goats Rams 7, Goats Total 182, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 4, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Boars 2, Hogs Total 10, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 13, Poultry Fowls 87, Poultry Ducks 21, Poultry Turkeys 42, Poultry Geese 2 One Slave born named Frank Sold one Horse for one Pound Yam expended for the Slaves lb. 40180 Do. Do. for the Stock 13700 Total 53880 E Excepted (signed) Danl. Cornelle Margin Notes: 1771 | Daniel Corneille presented an account of the Company's livestock at the plantation from 1 July to 30 September 1771. A last column showed each class after the animals had been regraded by age at the end of the quarter. Bulls: 6 on 1 July, 0 born, 1 received, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 30 September, 8 after regrading Cows: 99 on 1 July, 0 born, 1 received, 100 in all, 0 killed, 3 died, 97 on 30 September, 98 after regrading Calves: 27 on 1 July, 7 born, 0 received, 34 in all, 0 killed, 1 died, 33 on 30 September, 28 after regrading Yearlings: 25 on 1 July, 0 born, 0 received, 25 in all, 0 killed, 1 died, 24 on 30 September, 21 after regrading Heifers: 25 on 1 July, 0 born, 0 received, 25 in all, 5 killed, 0 died, 20 on 30 September, 22 after regrading Steers: 36 on 1 July, 0 born, 0 received, 36 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 36 on 30 September, 36 after regrading Oxen: 10 on 1 July, 0 born, 0 received, 10 in all, 0 killed, 1 died, 9 on 30 September, 13 after regrading Total cattle: 228 on 1 July, 7 born, 2 received, 237 in all, 5 killed, 6 died, 226 on 30 September, 226 after regrading Ewes: 263 on 1 July, 0 born, 263 in all, 32 killed, 3 died, 228 on 30 September, 233 after regrading Wethers: 14 on 1 July, 0 born, 14 in all, 14 killed, 0 died, 0 on 30 September, 59 after regrading Lambs: 31 on 1 July, 83 born, 114 in all, 10 killed, 12 died, 92 on 30 September, 25 after regrading Rams: 10 on 1 July, 0 born, 10 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 10 on 30 September, 10 after regrading Total sheep: 318 on 1 July, 83 born, 401 in all, 56 killed, 15 died, 330 on 30 September, 330 after regrading Nanny goats: 107 on 1 July, 0 born, 107 in all, 2 killed, 2 died, 103 on 30 September, 111 after regrading Wether goats: 15 on 1 July, 0 born, 15 in all, 2 killed, 1 died, 12 on 30 September, 36 after regrading Kids: 29 on 1 July, 36 born, 65 in all, 3 killed, 2 died, 60 on 30 September, 28 after regrading Billy goats: 7 on 1 July, 0 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 30 September, 7 after regrading Total goats: 158 on 1 July, 36 born, 194 in all, 7 killed, 5 died, 182 on 30 September, 182 after regrading Sows: 4 on 1 July, 0 born, 4 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 4 on 30 September, 4 after regrading Shoats: 2 on 1 July, 0 born, 2 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 2 on 30 September, 4 after regrading Pigs: 11 on 1 July, 0 born, 11 in all, 8 killed, 0 died, 3 on 30 September, 0 after regrading Boars: 1 on 1 July, 0 born, 1 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 1 on 30 September, 2 after regrading Total swine: 18 on 1 July, 0 born, 18 in all, 8 killed, 0 died, 10 on 30 September, 10 after regrading Horses: 7 on 1 July, 0 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 6 on 30 September, 6 after regrading Mares: 7 on 1 July, 0 born, 7 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 7 on 30 September, 7 after regrading Total horses: 14 on 1 July, 0 born, 14 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 13 on 30 September, 13 after regrading Fowls: 120 on 1 July, 23 hatched, 143 in all, 33 killed, 13 died, 87 on 30 September, 87 after regrading Ducks: 23 on 1 July, 19 hatched, 42 in all, 5 killed, 16 died, 21 on 30 September, 21 after regrading Turkeys: 30 on 1 July, 19 hatched, 49 in all, 0 killed, 7 died, 42 on 30 September, 42 after regrading Geese: 2 on 1 July, 0 hatched, 2 in all, 0 killed, 0 died, 2 on 30 September, 2 after regrading Slaves born: 1, named Frank Horse sold, 1, £1 0s 0d Yams issued for the slaves, 40,180 lb Yams issued for the livestock, 13,700 lb Total yams issued, 53,880 lb Corneille signed the account, reserving the right to correct any errors. Interpretations The quarter marked the end of the drought's grip on the Company's herds. Cattle losses fell to six deaths, against 56 in the first quarter of 1771, and seven calves were born. The herd held almost steady at 226. Only five beasts were killed, since the shipping season was over. The sheep did better still: 83 lambs were born, the first real lambing in a year, and the flock rose from 318 to 330 despite 56 killed. The yam issue to the slaves stayed above 40,000 lb, confirming that the plantation's crops had recovered and the island was again feeding its slaves from its own ground. | |
412 | 14th. October Artillery Stores Expended in Sept. 1771 Guns fired, 9 lb., 6 lb., Powder expended lb., Powder expended oz. 9 Departed the Prince & True Briton: Guns fired 18, 9 lb. 5, 6 lb. 13, Powder expended lb. 29, Powder expended oz. 8 Fired to bring the Ships too: Guns fired 1, 9 lb. 0, 6 lb. 1, Powder expended lb. 1, Powder expended oz. 8 27 Departed the Pigot: Guns fired 9, 9 lb. 0, 6 lb. 9, Powder expended lb. 13, Powder expended oz. 8 Powder expended on Ladder Hill: Guns fired 0, 9 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 55, Powder expended oz. 0 Do. for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 9 lb. 0, 6 lb. 0, Powder expended lb. 238, Powder expended oz. 6 Total: Guns fired 28, 9 lb. 5, 6 lb. 23, Powder expended lb. 337, Powder expended oz. 14 Lead Ball to Shoot Goats lb. 2 oz. 14 Tallow lb. 6 Handspikes No. 7 Copper Rivets 40 Spunge Staves 4 Paper Quires 1½ Match for Ladder Hill lb. 9 (signed) James Tyssel Captn. of Artillery Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in September 1771 £ Bottles Madeira 47 4 14 Port 21 1 14 6 Lisbon 36 2 11 Mountain 1 1 6 Beer 41 7 8¾ Galls. Arrack 23½ 3 10 6 Carried over £ 12 10 2¾ | The artillery stores used in September 1771 were as follows. Salute on the departure of the Prime and the True Briton on 9 September: 18 guns fired, made up of 5 9-pounders and 13 6-pounders, 29 lb 8 oz of powder. Gun fired to bring the ships to, 1 6-pounder, 1 lb 8 oz of powder Salute on the departure of the Pigot on 27 September: 9 6-pounders fired, 13 lb 8 oz of powder. Powder for the Ladder Hill road, 55 lb Powder for various other services, 238 lb 6 oz Total: 28 guns fired, made up of 5 9-pounders and 23 6-pounders, 337 lb 14 oz of powder Lead ball for shooting goats, 2 lb 14 oz Tallow, 6 lb Handspikes, 7 Copper rivets, 40 Sponge staves, 4 Cartridge paper, 1½ quires Slow match for the Ladder Hill road, 9 lb James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. The provisions used at the Company's table in September 1771 began as follows. Madeira, 47 bottles, £4 14s 0d Port, 21 bottles, £1 14s 6d Lisbon wine, 36 bottles, £2 11s 0d Mountain wine, 1 bottle, £0 1s 6d Beer, 41 bottles, £0 7s 8¼d Arrack, 23½ gallons, £3 10s 6d Carried over, £12 19s 2¼d Interpretations The single gun fired "to bring the ships to" on 9 September was a signal to the Prime and the True Briton, already under way, to heave to. It was fired the morning Henry Miller went missing. The Council wanted the ships stopped long enough for an officer to board and search them. The shot was a command, not a salute, and the ships' commanders were bound to obey the island's batteries while still within range. The search failed all the same. Captain Eglinton named his own gunner as Miller's protector, and the private sailed for England. | |
413 | 1771 Brought over £ 12 19 2¾ lb. Beef 68½ 17 2½ Mutton 213 4 3 9 Turkeys 2 10 Fowls 24 1 16 Ducks 6 9 Geese 3 15 lb. Butter 10½ 10 6 lb. Candy 93 2 6 6 lb. Flour 533 4 9 3 Lambs 6 2 10 Pigs 4 1 £ 32 11 9¼ In consequence of the Orders Captn. Tyssel and Lieut. Thos. Bazett received from the Govr. to acquaint the Board in writing of their proceedings when sent on the 30th. of last Month at Night to secure the Long Boat and prevent Desertion We this day received the following Letters vizt. To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council of St. Helena Gentlemen I now beg leave to give you an Account of the proceedings that happened the 30 Ult. between the hours of seven & eight the same evening Lieut. Thos. Bazett acquainted me that three of the Long boat Men & some of Lemon Valley Guard intended going off with the Long boat and that they was to take in their Water at the Crane between the Hours of nine | The provisions used at the Company's table in September 1771 continued from £12 19s 2¼d brought over. Brought over, £12 19s 2¼d Beef, 68½ lb, £0 17s 2½d Mutton, 213 lb, £4 3s 9d Turkeys, 2, £0 10s 0d Fowls, 24, £1 16s 0d Ducks, 6, £0 9s 0d Geese, 3, £0 15s 0d Butter, 10½ lb, £0 10s 6d Sugar candy, 93 lb, £2 6s 6d Flour, 533 lb, £4 9s 3d Lambs, 5, £2 10s 0d Pigs, 4, £1 0s 0d Total, £32 11s 9¼d The Governor had ordered Captain Tippet and Lieutenant Thomas Bazett to give the Council a written account of what they did after being sent on the night of 30 September 1771 to secure the longboat and prevent the desertion. Their letters were received that day. Tippet's letter to Governor Skottowe and the Council set out what happened that night. Between seven and eight o'clock that evening, Lieutenant Bazett told him that three of the longboat's crew and some men of the Lemon Valley guard intended to make off with the longboat. They were to take their water on board at the crane between nine [...] | |
414 | 14th. October nine and ten they intended going off the Island, upon which I immediately acquainted the Govr. with the above intended Desertion, that the Governor Ordered that I would go with Lieut. Thos. Bazett and effectually secure the Long Boat upon which Lieut. Thos. Bazett and myself went down to the Crane and found there two Casks full of Water and two empty, from thence we proceeded to the Landing Steps and found that we could not get a Boat without swiming for one, we returned directly and told the Govr. the same. I then asked the Govr. to let his Fisherman Swim for a Boat and at the same time to let Us have six Men from the Guard that could Row with their Arms and Ammunition, The Govr. immediately Granted the six Men and his Fisherman and desired that we would make all the haste we possibly could for there was not any time to be lost we got the Men and Marched off and the Govr. Fisherman swam for a boat and brought her to the Rocks which Boat conveyed Us to the Company's Pinnace, we Moored this small Boat to the Pinnace Moorings and left the Govr. Fisherman in her there to remain till we returned. We went to the Long Boat and Ordered the Sails to be unbent and to our surprise found that the Rudder was not taken off and locked up according to the Govr. Order, the Rudder was taken off and put into the Pinnace with the Sails at which time the Bell struck nine. I mentioned to Lieut. Bazett to remain at the Long boat until the Hour they intended going off with her, the night being so extremely dark there was no possibility of seeing any thing, we could not but just discern the Men that was in the Pinnace Lieut. Thos. Bazett proposed that the best method of taking the Deserters would be to go to Lemon Valley there we should certainly meet with them taking in their Sea Stock upon which I came into his way of thinking and thought it a proper method of proceeding when we came off Lemon Valley we heard a Voice call Wilson the Voice appeared to Us from the East most part of the Bay and we imagined from the sound that it was Harrison the Patroon of the Long Boat that about half an Hour after endeavouring to find out the Landing Place on the West Rocks of the said Valley we run foul of one of our Boats a fishing which belongs to the working Party at Friars | Tippet's letter continued. The deserters meant to leave the island between nine and ten o'clock that night. He at once told the Governor, who ordered him to go with Lieutenant Thomas Bazett and secure the longboat. The two went down to the crane, where they found two casks full of water and two empty. They went on to the landing place but found they could not reach a boat without swimming for it. They returned and told the Governor. Tippet asked him to let his fisherman swim out for a boat, and to give them six men from the guard who could row, with their arms and ammunition. The Governor granted both at once and urged them to make all possible haste. There was no time to lose, so they set off with the men. The Governor's fisherman swam out for a boat and brought it to the rocks, and it carried them to the Company's pinnace. They moored the small boat at the pinnace's moorings and left the fisherman in it until they came back. They then went to the longboat and ordered the sails unbent. To their surprise they found that the rudder had not been taken off and locked away as the Governor had ordered. It was taken off and put in the pinnace with the sails, just as the bell struck nine. Tippet suggested to Bazett that they stay by the longboat until the hour the men meant to leave. The night was so dark, however, that they could see nothing and could barely make out the men in the pinnace. Bazett proposed that the best way to catch the deserters was to go to Lemon Valley, where they would surely meet them taking in their provisions for the voyage. Tippet agreed and thought it the proper course. As they came off Lemon Valley they heard a voice call "Wilson". The voice seemed to come from the eastern part of the bay, and from the sound they took it to be Harrison, the coxswain of the longboat. About half an hour later, while trying to find a landing place on the West Rocks of the valley, they ran foul of one of four boats out fishing, which belonged to the working party at Friar's [...] Interpretations Tippet's own account confirmed the failure Corneille had pointed to. The Governor's standing order to remove and lock up the longboat's rudder had not been obeyed, and it was put right only when Tippet arrived. With the longboat disabled, the obvious course was to stay by her, since the plotters could not escape without her. Tippet had suggested just that. He and Bazett chose instead to row off in the dark to Lemon Valley, hoping to catch the men loading provisions. Their reasoning was that they could see nothing at the moorings. The choice left the road unwatched and took them to the very place where, on Corneille's account, the alarm guns warned the deserters off. Once the men knew the longboat was lost to them, they made do with the yawl. | |
415 | 1771 Friars Gully in which was the Overseer & two Men a fishing for the said Party, we enquired very particular of the Overseer who is a very intelligent Man whether he saw or heard any Boat or Boats go into Lemon Valley the answer he made was that he had been a fishing there all the evening that it was so dark there was no possibility of seeing any Boat go in neither did he hear any Boat the Evening. We got this small Boat and landed our Party and marched up to the Battery determined to take them at all events but to our great Astonishment was told by the Corporal and two Men that was left behind at the Guard that the Serjt. the Gunner & one Private Man was gone from the Guard about half an Hour before we came, upon examination we found that they had plundered every thing they could find, upon which I made an Alarm by firing two six Pounders. The account the Corporal gave Us was that Harrison the Patroon of the Long Boat came there about six o'Clock that Evening and that he laid hold of the Corporal by the Arm and led him to the further end of the Battery where they remained some time in conversation, in which time the Corporal imagines they plundered every thing they could possibly find. Geese Ducks and Fowls which belonged to me in number about ninety. The Magazine of one thousand Musquet Ball Cartridges and four stand of Arms, we thought it all in vain to make any further search that night as it was so prodigious Dark had there been a Chain of Boats from James's Valley to Lemon Valley it would have been almost impossible for any one in them to have seen the Boat the Deserters was in. Therefore thought it most proper to return knowing there was no possibility of their going off with the Long boat that night when we returned to the small Boat which we left the Govr. Fisherman in we enquired of him if he had seen any Boat come to the Long Boat in our Absence Answered there was one came close under the Stern of her, but did not make any stay and Rowed out to Sea, and that he could not tell what Boat it was. Therefore I thought it expedient to Order the Serjt. and six Men Armed into the Long boat there to remain till day light at which time I would return to them again and make a further search. Lieut. Thos. Bazett myself and Fisherman | The fishing boat in Friar's Gully held the overseer and two men catching fish for the working party there. Tippet questioned the overseer closely, finding him an intelligent man, about whether he had seen or heard any boat going into Lemon Valley. The overseer replied that he had been fishing there all evening, but it was too dark to see any boat, and he had heard none. The party took to the small boat, landed and marched up to the battery, determined to take the deserters at any cost. To their great astonishment, the corporal and two men left at the guardroom told them that the sergeant, the gunner and one private had gone from the guard about half an hour earlier. On searching the post, they found the men had plundered everything they could lay hands on. Tippet then gave the alarm by firing two 6-pounders. The corporal's account was that Harrison, the coxswain of the longboat, had come there at about eight o'clock that evening. He had taken the corporal by the arm and led him to the far end of the battery, where the two talked for some time. The corporal supposed that the others had used this time to plunder all they could find. They took about ninety geese, ducks and fowls belonging to Tippet, 4,000 musket-ball cartridges from the magazine and four stands of arms. Tippet judged it useless to search further that night, since it was so extraordinarily dark. Even a chain of boats from James's Valley to Lemon Valley could hardly have seen the deserters' boat. Knowing there was no chance of their getting away in the longboat that night, he thought it best to return. Back at the small boat where they had left the Governor's fisherman, they asked him whether any boat had come near the longboat while they were away. He said one had come close under her stern, but had not stopped and had rowed out to sea. He could not tell which boat it was. Tippet therefore ordered the sergeant and six men aboard the longboat, armed, to stay there until daylight, when he would return to search further. Lieutenant Bazett, Tippet and the fisherman [...] Interpretations Tippet's account showed that the escape had been carefully prepared. Harrison drew the corporal aside while the others stripped the post. The deserters left with water, food on the hoof and enough arms and ammunition to defend themselves. Four thousand cartridges and four muskets made them dangerous if they landed anywhere, or if they tried to seize a passing vessel. The unknown boat that came under the longboat's stern and then rowed out to sea was almost certainly theirs. They had come for the longboat as planned, found it guarded and without its rudder, and left in the smaller yawl. Securing the longboat had saved the Company's chief boat, but Tippet's absence at Lemon Valley meant no one was in the road to stop the yawl. | |
416 | 14th. October Fisherman came on shore when we landed went to the Govr. & found him on the Parade at that time it was half an hour past twelve o'Clock, we told the Govr. the above proceedings and if it was agreeable to him we would get up at day break and go in search of them again with the same Party that was left in the Long Boat the Govr. said he was very much obliged to us for the trouble we had taken and desired that we would set out early, That in the Morning the 1st. instant about half an hour after five Lieut. Thos. Bazett and myself went to the Party that was left in the Long Boat and made an enquiry if they heard any thing of the Deserters, told us that every thing had been very quiet, that there was two Sentries up all Night, therefore we got the Pinnace & Rowed to Lemon Valley there we enquired of the Guard (which was reinforced by the Govr. Order) whether they had heard any thing of the Deserters since our absence last Night, The Serjeant told us that they had been up all Night, that they had not heard any Boat, nor nothing of the Deserters, upon which we proceeded to S. West Point imagining that they had attempted to get on board the other Long Boat which was going to Sandy Bay for Lime, when we got off S. West Point we got sight of her at an Anchor off of the Windward part of the Island, the Sea run so amazingly high that there was no possibility for a small Boat living in it, therefore if they made an attempt to reach the Long boat they must inevitably have perished, upon our return we searched every particular place we could think of but all to no purpose. This is our whole Proceedings. I have the Honor to be Gentlemen St. Helena Yr. most Obedt. Servant Octr. ye 14 1771 (signed) James Tyssel | Tippet's letter concluded. He, Lieutenant Bazett and the fisherman came ashore and went to the Governor, whom they found on the Parade at half past twelve. They told him what had happened and proposed, if he agreed, to set out again at daybreak with the same party left in the longboat to search for the deserters. The Governor thanked them warmly for their trouble and told them to start early. At about half past five the next morning, 1 October 1771, Tippet and Bazett went to the party left in the longboat and asked whether they had heard anything of the deserters. The men said all had been very quiet, with two sentries posted all night. Tippet and Bazett then took the pinnace and rowed to Lemon Valley. There they asked the guard, which had been reinforced on the Governor's order, whether anything had been heard of the deserters since they left the night before. The sergeant said his men had been up all night but had heard no boat and nothing of the deserters. They went on to the south-west point, supposing the men might have tried to board the other longboat, which was on its way to Sandy Bay for lime. Off the point they sighted her at anchor off the windward part of the island. The sea was running so extraordinarily high that no small boat could have lived in it. If the deserters had tried to reach the longboat, they must have perished. On their return the officers searched every place they could think of, but in vain. Tippet ended by saying this was the whole of their proceedings, and signed the letter at St Helena on 14 October 1771. Interpretations The Governor had asked Tippet and Bazett two pointed questions: whether the deserters would have been taken if the party had stayed at Lemon Valley all night, and whether more boats between Lemon Valley and the fort would have caught them. Tippet answered neither directly. He said instead that the night was so dark that even a chain of boats could not have seen them, and that the sea next morning was too high for a small boat to survive. Both points cleared him of blame, without addressing Corneille's charge that firing the alarm guns had warned the men off. His conclusion that the deserters had perished also suited the officers. Six men drowned in a stolen yawl was a loss. Six men alive on a passing ship, with 4,000 cartridges and four muskets, would have been a scandal. | |
417 | 1771 To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c. Council Gentlemen In consequence of the Orders Captn. Tyssel and I received from the Governor on the 30 of last Month, We effectually secured the Long Boat intended to have been carried off that Night by six Men in the Garrison, and did every thing in our power to prevent the Desertion, The Men had unfortunately deserted from Lemon Valley Guard before we reached it, the extreme darkness of the Night favoured their Escape and proved as great an obstacle to us in the seeking for them that even with the Assistance of more Boats I am persuaded that nothing more could possibly be done in the execution of our Orders during the time we were out with the Party. I have the Honr. to be Gentlemen Your most Obedt. and most Hble. Servant St. Helena (signed) 14 October 1771 Thos. Bazett We likewise received the Subsequent Letter from Captn. Tyssel To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor & Council Gentlemen I am now to lay before you Mr. Cornelles behaviour to me concerning the late Deserters from this Island when he was pleased to tell me that it was my Duty to come and acquaint him that | Lieutenant Thomas Bazett also wrote to Governor Skottowe and the Council. Following the Governor's orders of 30 September 1771, he and Captain Tippet had secured the longboat that some men of the garrison had planned to carry off that night, and had done everything in their power to prevent the desertion. Unfortunately the men had already left the Lemon Valley guard before they arrived. The extreme darkness of the night had helped them escape and had been as great an obstacle to finding them as it would have been with many more boats. He was convinced that nothing more could have been done in carrying out their orders while they were out with the party. He signed the letter at St Helena on 14 October 1771. The Council also received a further letter from Captain Tippet, addressed to the Governor and Council. He wished to lay before them Mr Corneille's behaviour towards him over the recent desertion. Corneille had told him that it had been his duty to come and inform him [...] Interpretations Bazett's short letter echoed Tippet's in every point that mattered. The darkness made pursuit hopeless, and nothing more could have been done. Like Tippet, he left unanswered the Governor's specific questions about staying at Lemon Valley or posting more boats. The two officers had evidently agreed their account. Tippet's second letter turned the inquiry round. Corneille had evidently rebuked him for not reporting the plot to him as the garrison's commander. Tippet now complained of that rebuke to the full Council. The quarrel between the Governor and his deputy over who commanded the island had drawn in the engineer, who stood squarely on the Governor's side. | |
418 | 14th. October that he did not know what I could mean by it and that he should take other methods with me, this is a Stile so peremptory that I can by no means put up with it fully positive that Mr. Cornelle has no right to talk to me in such unmerited language. I shall therefore Gentlemen wait the result of this short Representation which I hope will be taken Cognizance of in a serious manner & I make no doubt but my Honble. Employers will maturely weigh the same. I have the Honour to say and that with much pleasure that the Govr. & Mr. Purling have never once thought proper to Reprimand me since I have been on the Island and it extremely surprizes me that Mr. Cornelle should take the liberty to talk in such a manner to me even in the presence of the Governor. I can assure Mr. Cornelle that I can point a Gun with more certainty by Day when an Object is planted in sight than in the Hour of Midnight surrounded with an almost palpable Darkness add to that a length of time being Elapsed of full three quarters of an Hour after the Voice of any one Man was heard. I am heartily sorry Gentlemen that I have any occasion to trouble you but upon my Honour I have past by so many Chagrinments since I have been on this Island from Mr. Cornelle that Obliges me to lay this Remonstrance before you which I hope will be entered into Consultation. I have the Honour to be St. Helena Gentlemen Oct. 14 1771 Your most Obedt. Servant (signed) James Tyssel Upon which the Lieut. Governor presented the following Request to the Board | Tippet's letter went on to say that Corneille had also told him he did not know what Tippet could mean by it, and that he would take other measures with him. Tippet considered this tone so peremptory that he could not accept it. He was certain Corneille had no right to speak to him in such undeserved language. He would await the Council's response to his complaint, which he hoped it would take seriously, and he trusted the Directors would weigh it carefully. He was pleased to say that neither the Governor nor Purling had ever once seen fit to reprimand him since he came to the island. It astonished him that Corneille should take the liberty of speaking to him in that way, and in the Governor's presence too. He assured Corneille that he could aim a gun far more accurately by day, with a target in sight, than at midnight in almost total darkness, especially when a full quarter of an hour had passed since anyone's voice was heard. He was very sorry to trouble the Council, but he had suffered so many slights from Corneille since coming to the island that his honour obliged him to lay this complaint before it. He asked that it be entered in the record, and signed the letter at St Helena on 14 October 1771. In response, the Lieutenant Governor presented a request to the Council. Interpretations The letter reveals what lay behind Corneille's criticism. The two guns Tippet fired at Lemon Valley had been aimed at the place where a voice was heard, not merely fired as an alarm, and they had missed. Corneille had evidently mocked his marksmanship. Tippet's claim that neither the Governor nor Purling had ever reprimanded him sat oddly with the Council's own finding on 29 July 1771 that he had been rash and unguarded in striking the armourer, and with its disapproval of his earth-mortar wall on 5 August. He chose to read those as findings, not rebukes. The quarrel had become personal. Tippet sided with the Governor, Corneille stood against both, and each now wrote for the eyes of the Directors. | |
419 | 1771 Mr. Cornelle request of the Board as Captain Tyssel has set forth in his Letter that he has past by so many Chagrinments since upon the Island from Mr. Cornelle and as he apprehends that to be only a Vague General charge, begs leave that he may have Orders from the Board to be more explicit in his Complaint against Mr. Cornelles conduct which he seems to take such exceptions against, that he may have it in his power of Vindicating the charge laid against him by Captain Tyssel. In consequence of which Request Capt. Tyssel received Orders from the Board to be more particular in his charge against the Lieut. Governor. John Skottowe Danl. Cornelle Purling | Corneille asked the Council to act on one point in Tippet's letter. Tippet had claimed to have suffered many slights from Corneille since coming to the island. Corneille regarded this as no more than a vague, general charge. He asked the Council to order Tippet to state his complaint against Corneille's conduct more precisely, so that Corneille could answer the charge Tippet had laid against him. In response to the request, the Council ordered Captain Tippet to give fuller particulars of his charge against the Lieutenant Governor. Governor Skottowe signed the minutes with Daniel Corneille and Purling. Interpretations Corneille's request was a shrewd move in a quarrel he was losing on the record. Tippet's complaint of "many slights" was a general grievance that could be neither proved nor disproved, yet it would sit in the consultation book for the Directors to read as a stain on the Lieutenant Governor's character. By demanding particulars, Corneille forced Tippet either to name specific incidents, each of which Corneille could answer, or to let the charge fall for want of substance. The Council could hardly refuse. A senior officer accused in its own minutes had a plain right to know what he was accused of. Corneille signed the minutes ordering the particulars of the charge against himself, as he was obliged to as a member of the Council. | |
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427 | EAP 1364 St Helena Document Name and Date St. HELENA RECORDS 1770-1771 Dimensions (height x width x depth) (cm) 48cm x 33cm x 6cm No. written pages: 419 No. blank pages: 5 Spine and cover GOOD CONDITION Inside pages FOXING PRESENT THROUGHOUT VOLUME PAGES NOT NUMBERED Additional comments Time taken to photograph (hours) 2 hours |