St Helena Records 1772-1773

Introduction: This is the 52nd volume in the series of St Helena Records, which summarises the proceedings of official meetings held by the island’s Governor and Council, during which matters of government, defence, supplies, justice and discipline were discussed and recorded.

Source: Images of the original records can be viewed on the British Library’s website: https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP1364-1-1-52.

Referencing Text Locations: A dual numbering system has been adopted, combining the British Library film number with the manuscript’s original page number. These are presented in the format: British Library Film No. / Document Page No.

Text Inaccuracy: This transcription was produced by AI from handwritten document images held on the British Library's website, at about thirty pages per hour. Given the limitations described below, the text should be regarded as unreliable and used only as a search-and-find shortcut: once a relevant section has been located, it must always be checked against the source image via the hyperlinked Film Numbers listed in the main transcription table below.

Three specific problems affected the work. First, AI tends to prioritise meaning and readability at the expense of fidelity to the original, with a strong disposition to normalise spellings, expand abbreviations, and adjust grammar. It is particularly weak with unfamiliar surnames, and scrawled signatures often resist accurate transcription entirely. Transcriptions by eye of documents spanning four centuries have also shown that a single surname could be written in a wide variety of ways: the Crowie family name appears under six different spellings, and the Isaacs family name under sixteen. Searches for surnames are therefore hindered both by genuine variations in the originals and by mistranscriptions introduced by AI, and for this reason are best run phonetically. Second, the AI struggled with the late secretary hand, the script commonly used from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, in which the letter S appears in a form closely resembling a trailing L. Third, occasional passages in these volumes are written in a hand so obscure or poorly formed as to be difficult to read even by eye, sometimes compounded by heavy ink bleed-through from the reverse side or by the loss of sections of pages.

To mitigate these difficulties, a strict protocol was applied to each image, requiring the AI to rely solely on clearly visible ink strokes and to flag any uncertain reading, thereby reducing the risk of inferred or invented text. Two conventions are used. [...] marks text that could not be read with confidence; this may represent a single unreadable word, a full sentence, or occasionally an entire paragraph. Square brackets around letters or words indicate a conjectural reading supplied by the transcriber: brackets around a whole word, for example [Bazett], mean the entire word was unclear and a probable reading has been supplied, while brackets around individual letters within an otherwise readable word, for example B[a]z[e]tt, mean only those specific letters were unclear in the source and the unbracketed letters were legibly present.

Pagination: The pages are not numbered. Therefore, for reference purposes, the first page of the records on Film No. 5 is designated as page 1 (location 5/1), with numbering continuing sequentially through the end of the volume.

Dates: The Council's first meeting took place on 20 July 1772, with the final meeting occurring on 14 May 1773. All the sessions were convened during the administration of John Skottowe (1764-1782).

AI Generated Summary

Introduction

The record runs from the Council meeting at the Castle on 20 July 1772, which approved the store and pay accounts for 1 April to 30 June 1772, to the meeting of 14 May 1773. Governor John Skottowe presided throughout, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett. Most of it consists of quarterly store, pay and cash accounts, so it records what the Company bought, issued and paid rather than what the islanders said. [Film No. 5–465]

Governance and Administration

On 16 April 1772 the Council published the Court of Directors' order that every inhabitant should buy from the Company's warehouses at 10 per cent above cost; planters had paid 25 or 40 per cent and only Company servants the lower rate. The Lord Camden had landed the Court's packet on 15 April, and the appointments it carried, made on 27 April, were paid from that day. Bazett joined the Council and took the accounts at £27 10s 0d a quarter; Purling's councillor's salary rose from £32 10s 0d to £50 0s 0d but he lost £17 10s 0d as accountant, so his quarter stayed at £80 0s 0d. Britannicus Wright replaced Bazett as secretary, his quarter rising from £37 10s 0d to £43 15s 11d, and John Goodwin succeeded Wright as collector of customs. [Film No. 6, 13–15, 32–33]

The civil list was stable from June 1772 to March 1773. The Governor drew £150 0s 0d a quarter with £31 14s 9d for servants; Corneille £87 10s 0d as Lieutenant Governor with diet money and £59 6s 3d as captain of the First Company; Purling £80 0s 0d including a £15 0s 0d gratuity; Bazett £10 0s 0d as councillor and £27 10s 0d as accountant, £55 0s 0d with diet money and rent; and William Wrangham, the paymaster, £55 0s 0d including £10 0s 0d as the Governor's assistant. The storekeeper and secretary drew £27 10s 0d with £15 0s 0d diet money and £2 10s 0d rent, writers £7 10s 0d with £10 0s 0d diet money, and James Tippet, the engineer, £50 0s 0d with £2 10s 0d diet money. Goodwin was also factor, John Congreve judge advocate at £12 10s 0d and schoolmaster at £7 10s 0d, Philip Mahony clerk of the peace, John Price marshal and gaoler at £7 10s 0d, Solomon St Maurice lieutenant and master at arms, Thomas Bazett lieutenant and superintendent of the works at £25 0s 0d, and Hugh Jones superintendent of the slaves at £10 0s 0d, the same as the gardener; the mason Edward Daniels drew £30 0s 0d and the carpenter John Robinson £25 0s 0d. Simon Whaley became carpenter's mate on 6 April 1772 and Joseph Seager armourer on 20 April; John Daniells, the mason's apprentice, rose from £5 0s 0d to £7 10s 0d. In 1773 John Worrall replaced John Pursell as senior gunner and John Hurst replaced Charles Hazell as groom without any minute. [Film No. 32–34, 199–201, 283–285, 392–394]

The storekeeper, James Pavell, was ill by 30 June 1772, when the assistant storekeeper Jonathan Doveton signed the stores account, and remained so on 22 August; he drew his full £45 0s 0d for the quarter to June. His letter of 6 July 1772 protested that the Court had given the Council seat to Bazett, his junior. He died on 29 August after 31 years' service, 16 as storekeeper, and was paid £29 14s 5d to that day. On 31 August the Council made Doveton storekeeper by seniority, with George Bazett, already writer and clerk of the works, as assistant from 30 August, and named Purling to count the stock while the stores were closed from 3 September to 3 October. On 30 September Robert Leech, the steward, who had drawn £3 0s 0d a quarter for overseeing the bakehouse from the £12 0s 0d a year voted on 2 March 1772 after William Jenkins's dismissal, became a writer at a flat £20 0s 0d, the bakehouse having been refitted with wainscot and deal, and John Young became steward at £7 10s 0d with £3 0s 0d for the bakehouse. [Film No. 5, 18, 31–34, 69, 96, 108, 110–112, 131, 178, 199–200, 283–285]

The medical staff changed in July 1772: John Pritchard, the surgeon's mate, died on 10 July and James Farrell was paid as mate from 11 July, while Robert Barclay was paid as surgeon to 13 July, when Thomas Seward succeeded him at £19 15s 0d against the mate's £13 15s 0d. A packet opened after the Royal Captain arrived on 11 April 1773 confirmed Farrell and Leech. George Bazett died intestate on 10 April 1773; administration went on 12 April to his brothers, Lieutenants Thomas and John Bazett, and he was paid his full £31 16s 10½d for the quarter. On 10 May James Desfountain succeeded him as assistant storekeeper, John Doveton and Nathaniel Kennedy entered the secretary's office as writers pending the Court's approval, and Hugh Jones became register master to record all goods landed and reshipped. [Film No. 200–201, 284, 358, 361, 393, 458]

The Bazett family held a large share of office: Matthew sat on the Council as accountant, George was writer, clerk of the works and assistant storekeeper, Henry commanded the Second Company and John and Thomas were lieutenants. [Film No. 205, 208, 289, 291]

The Council met weekly at the Castle. A notice of 24 August 1772 ordered every household to return its family, land and cattle by 20 September and pay rents and dues on 30 September. On 2 November Bazett reported the general books balanced to 30 September and the Council ordered them copied for London. It met on 23 November 1772 and 25 January 1773 and found no business. Skottowe fell ill on 7 March 1773, so Corneille presided on 8 March and signed the February table account with Purling; Bazett was absent sick on 1 and 8 March. [Film No. 103, 230–234, 237, 239, 315, 326–327, 329]

General charges were £143 14s 4d in the quarter to 30 June 1772 against £93 15s 9d before, after the Governor had entertained the commanders and passengers of more than 30 ships and the officers of a French warship since February; candles for the Castle and Council rose from 334 lb to 555 lb and the kitchen was restocked with copper pots, 48 wine glasses, decanters and six punch ladles and sieves. They were £132 17s 11d in the September quarter, including diaper for table linen at £13 0s 3d, retinning of the copper and scale boards at £3 19s 8d; £100 17s 3d in the December quarter, including candles at £46 0s 2d, fishing tackle for the kitchens of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, laundry blue and whiting for the plate; and £88 10s 10d in the March quarter of 1773, including candles at £48 13s 3d and osnaburg to wrap the packets for London. The Council chamber burned 230 lb of candles a quarter against about 144 lb to 148 lb for the whole Castle. [Film No. 17, 19–20, 159–161, 266–268, 380]

The Company's table bought £106 19s 9d of food in the quarter to 30 June 1772, double the first quarter, including £37 10s 0d for 12 firkins of butter. It consumed £36 9s 0½d in July 1772, when it first drew 32 lb of butter from the Company's dairy, £35 0s 1½d in August and £31 4s 3d in September, when the Company's stock supplied 102 lb of beef and 48½ lb of butter but 135¼ lb more beef was bought. October cost £39 1s 1d, November £29 8s 7½d, December £30 1s 8d, January 1773 £43 2s 0¾d after the Nottingham brought Colonel Hart and four army lieutenants, February £33 18s 5½d, March £39 0s 8½d and April £41 2s 0½d, when 80 bottles of Madeira were drunk and 323 lb of mutton from Cape sheep replaced beef. The paymaster's purchases for the Governor's table were £41 10s 9d in the December quarter, including 31 turkeys, 21 partridges and 800 lemons, and £48 15s 0d in the March quarter, including turtle, 650 lemons and mincemeat. Diet expenses ran at £47 13s 1d, £38 16s 7d (with the first spices, worth £5 2s 2d), £60 7s 0d (with 86 gallons of arrack) and £49 4s 2d in the four quarters to March 1773. [Film No. 22, 59, 61, 78, 120, 137–138, 163, 171, 235, 241, 244, 251, 270–271, 305, 318, 323, 328–329, 365, 382, 421, 452]

The Council's yearly letters to the presidencies, signed on 23 April 1773 and sent by way of China, asked Warren Hastings at Fort William for 8 maunds of wax candles, arrack, rice, paddy and six pipes of Madeira; Josias Du Pré at Fort St George for 260 pieces of long cloth in six grades from 12 to 2½ pagodas a piece; and William Hornby at Bombay for 200 pieces of Surat chelloes. Each enclosed a list of ships called since 29 April 1772. Du Pré himself passed the island homeward in the Nassau on 9 May. The letter to the supercargoes at Canton admitted that the Council's own wording of 29 April 1772 had left most of the chinaware out of the island's stores, asked for the full London indent with two chests of best hyson and one of souchong in canisters, and enclosed papers mentioning Captain Borrow's instructions, although the minutes name the Royal Captain's commander as Edward Bruce. [Film No. 427–430, 449, 462]

Charter parties allowed hired ships ten working days for unloading. The Royal Captain arrived on 11 April 1773, was ordered to Canton when her days expired on 23 April and sailed on 30 April. The Alfred arrived from England on 1 May with the Court's general letter and on 14 May was ordered to Fort Marlborough, carrying 12 lb of rhubarb and four bales of blue cloth for Manna that Captain White had failed to land. [Film No. 427, 433, 464–465]

Judiciary and Estates

The Council acted as the island's court of probate. On 20 July 1772 it registered sworn inventories for Joseph Chamberlain, whose will was proved on 11 November 1771, and for William Seale junior and Mary Seale, whose wills overlapped. Lieutenant Robert Gosling was fined £1 0s 0d in July 1772 for missing the sessions. The sheriff Jonathan Doveton, the clerk of arraignments and the coroner were paid in the June quarter, the crier was clothed in the September quarter, and the clerk of arraignments and crier received 12s 6d for the sessions of early 1773. Benjamin Mason was sheriff by September 1772, and a constable's staff was in store. [Film No. 55, 57, 68, 94, 130, 160, 197, 413]

Joshua Merrall died on 21 July 1772; his will of 15 July, proved on 17 August, left two sheep each to his godsons Joseph and Francis Hayes and the residue to his goddaughter Mary Seale, daughter of John Seale, with Britannicus Wright and James Desfontaine as executors. The witnesses, William Jenkins and John Terry, noted that no stamped paper could be had on the island. On 14 September William Hayes junior showed that his son was Joshua, not Francis; the writer of the will confirmed it and the Council ordered the sheep delivered. [Film No. 69, 75, 92–93, 120]

George Sampson, fourth mate of the British King, died intestate on the island in John Thrasher's house; Thrasher and Gosling auctioned his effects on 14 April 1772, though the account of 24 August names Gosling and John Alexander as administrators. His goods were chiefly private trade from Canton: 176 catties of tea fetched £66 16s 2d, and 140 pieces of nankeen, 2,000 cups and saucers and 18 china sets nearly as much; 44 white shirts and silk banyans were also sold. Receipts totalled £376 14s 5d, including £210 17s 2d from the auction and £131 12s 3d in cash, against charges of £376 15s 5d. Funeral, lodging with Mr Powell and Alexander, nursing by Richard Godfrey and auction fees took about £44; Captain Henry Bazett bought 60 gallons of arrack and Gosling sold plates and nankeens privately. The balance of £332 15s 2d entered the treasury on 24 August for his family. [Film No. 104–107, 122]

On 7 September 1772 the Council proved the wills of James Pavell, John Pritchard and Ruth Colgrave on the witnesses' oaths; in England probate of personal estates lay with the church courts. Pritchard's will of 13 February 1769 left everything to his wife Sarah. Pavell's of 19 July 1772 gave his widow Elizabeth for life the house in James's Valley next to James Greentree's, mahogany furniture, silver and her gold repeating watch; arms-engraved salvers passed after her to their daughter Margaret, who could keep the family house only by paying £100 0s 0d as Elizabeth directed. His son Richard Alexander Pavell took a second house next to Lieutenant Thomas Bazett's at valuation. The residue went one third to the widow and two thirds to Richard and Margaret, and his son John, unheard of for years, could share only by coming to the island and proving his identity. He left £50 0s 0d to his brother George Gabriel Pavell, in England or South Carolina, £50 0s 0d and a fluted salver to his married daughter Elizabeth Bagley, mourning-ring money to Corneille (£5 5s 0d) and Mahony (£10 10s 0d), and £25 0s 0d with 18 gold waistcoat buttons to his godson Charles Mouat. [Film No. 113–117]

Ruth Colgrave, a widow, died on 9 August 1772. Her will of 13 June left her daughter Anne £100 0s 0d and the residue, after debts including £50 0s 0d owed to her late husband Thomas's estate, among her four children, Elizabeth's share passing on her death to Ruth's grandsons George and Aaron Lambe. Thomas Colgrave's will had given her life use of his leased land, and on 7 September 1772 the Council allowed his executor George Alexander to sell it at auction. Her inventory, valued by Desfontaine and Gosling, was registered on 28 September. [Film No. 75, 117–118, 126]

Roderick Merchant, a publican, died on 21 December 1772, and his will of 19 October 1770, witnessed by Mahony and William Hayes, was proved in January 1773, probably on 18 January. It left his daughters a slave, £10 0s 0d and a gold ring each (Sarah to Margaret, Lucy to Elizabeth, Polly to Ann), and his unborn child £20 0s 0d and a ring, with the slave Portsmouth if a son; it was never revised after the birth. Rings went to Robert, George and John Leech and Richard and James Harper, and the residue to his widow Martha as executrix. The appraisers John Shirley, John Price and George Bird and the widow swore to the inventory. [Film No. 245, 313–314]

Martha Beale, a widow, died on 24 December 1772; her will of 5 August 1772, proved on 8 February 1773, left £25 0s 0d in silver and money to each of four grandchildren and godchildren, among them a Bazett and a Doveton, a horse or £4 0s 0d to Emelia Bagley and a guinea each for rings to her sister Mary and brother-in-law Samuel Alexander. Her son-in-law Matthew Bazett could have the slave boy Stephen at the £27 0s 0d she had paid; the slave woman Sue was to go to Isaac Doveton at valuation only if she chose to live with him, otherwise to the residuary heir, her son Richard Beale. On 15 February 1773 the Council registered Lieutenant Richard Powell's mortgage bond to Elizabeth Powell, Henry Bazett, Richard Bagley and Benjamin Mason. [Film No. 247, 320–322, 324]

Elizabeth Desfountain made her will by mark on 24 February 1773 and died on 26 February; Lieutenants John Shirley and Lauchlan Leslie and Thomas Yates witnessed it, and it was proved on 3 May. She left her son Charles her house and furniture, her daughters Ruth Desfountain and Sarah Lake to live there for life, and 20s 0d to each of four children, with her sons John and Charles and son-in-law John Bazett as executors. [Film No. 438–440]

James Greentree, planter, died on 15 April 1773, and his will of 3 November 1769 was proved on 8 May. His widow Margaret took a third of his movables, his gold watch and silver, the house in James's Valley for life while a widow (half if she remarried), his Sandy Bay house called Addyses with its land and the Sandy Bay goat range. His sons James, Watkin and Thomas received land in Lemon Valley, at Coles and near High Peak, mostly at valuation or on repaying its cost, and whichever child took the family house was to pay £800 0s 0d, the residue being shared equally among the five unmarried children. His married daughters Elizabeth Dent and Margaret Skottowe, already given £400 0s 0d portions, received £25 0s 0d more. A codicil of 10 April 1773, witnessed by Benjamin Mason and Mahony, replaced Mason and Goodwin as executors with Governor Skottowe, Doveton and Thomas Bazett, charged his late brother Thomas's legacies to the children on the whole estate with the widow's share bearing a third, left Coles to the family and then Watkin, and split the Lemon Valley plantation between Margaret and James. Doveton and Bazett declined to act. Margaret Skottowe was probably the Governor's wife, so the Governor sat on the Council that proved a will naming him executor; Lieutenant James Greentree, who drew a bill on 8 May, was probably the son. [Film No. 369, 452–457]

The Rochford Dispute

On 6 August 1772 John Stevenson, chief mate of the Rochford, petitioned against Captain William Hunt, who had dismissed and confined him on 3 September 1771 between Madras and Bengal. A committee of the Council at Fort William restored him on 9 March 1772, but when he rejoined on 20 March Hunt gave orders through the third mate, David Blair, who refused to act over him. On 10 April, five days after the pilot left, Hunt gave Stevenson's watch to the second mate, James Kinloch, complaining before the surgeon, purser and passenger William Paxton of an unmoved cabin bulkhead and of Stevenson's evidence at Mr Vere's. Next evening, before Paxton, Cumming and Robinson, Stevenson made Hunt say he was dismissed and protested formally on the quarterdeck, holding Hunt liable while promising obedience. [Film No. 80–85]

Hunt confined Stevenson on 12 April 1772, the order repeated before Kinloch at Stevenson's insistence, and kept him in his cabin for three months and 19 days until the ship moored at St Helena on 31 July; on 2 July Stevenson had protested at being left off the quarter bill. The Council heard both on 13 August but refused a full inquiry, citing the ship's short stay, the Court's authority and the risk of sending her home without her chief mate. Hunt's only charge, that Stevenson had failed to fill cartridges at Ingellee, was unproved, and Stevenson answered that none were filled until near St Helena. The Secretary's order of 17 August told Stevenson to report to Hunt; he protested on 19 August that his three witnesses lodged with Hunt, called on 20 August, and was restored by Hunt's written order on 22 August. The Rochford sailed on 24 August with the merits left to London, the record being almost wholly Stevenson's. [Film No. 85–91, 97–101, 103]

Military Affairs and Defence

Pay was reckoned by the day. An infantry private earned 10d (£3 16s 8d for 92 days, £3 15s 0d for 90), a corporal or drummer 1s 2d, a sergeant 1s 8d and a sergeant major 2s 8d (£12 5s 4d a quarter), against a nominal 8d in the King's foot. Artillery matrosses earned 1s, gunners 1s 4d, corporals and bombardiers 1s 6d and sergeants 2s; bombardiers rose from £6 1s 6d to £6 16s 6d a quarter in the June quarter of 1772, and the fifer William Gipping was paid as a matross. Captains drew £59 6s 3d and lieutenants £36 14s 4½d with diet money and £2 10s 0d house rent. In the June quarter of 1772 the First Company's corporals and drummers drew £5 16s 2d against £5 6s 2d elsewhere, and James Goudy £12 2s 8d against a sergeant's £7 11s 8d. [Film No. 35, 39, 42, 46, 49–51, 202, 205, 216–218, 289, 394]

The establishment comprised the First Company under Corneille, the Second under Henry Bazett, the Third under Richard Beale, the Fourth under John Howard and the Artillery under Tippet, each infantry company with three lieutenants, six sergeants, about six corporals, two or three drummers and some 85 privates, and the artillery with about 80 matrosses. The pay list was £4,201 1s 9½d in the quarter to March 1772, £4,296 7s 6d to June, £4,348 4s 7d to September, £4,323 7s 5d to December and £4,217 6s 7d to March 1773, a 90-day quarter in which officers housed in the new barracks lost their rent: the Second Company's three lieutenants, Richard Mason, Robert Gurling, Richard Powell, Thomas Leech and Robert Gillam, while Thomas Bazett, Thomas Statham, Samuel Desfountain and John Shirley kept it. Lieutenant Charles Ross Stewart drew £18 5s 0d as adjutant (£54 19s 4½d in all), and William Roberts, town adjutant, £36 19s 4½d, later split into salary, diet money and rent. [Film No. 52, 202, 205, 208, 212, 215, 219, 286, 289, 303, 398, 401, 404, 407, 411]

The Lord Camden landed 29 recruits on 15 April 1772, her surgeon Mr Davidson receiving £7 5s 0d; three were discharged unfit, William Brakeston on 15 May, Joseph Kent on 25 May and Robert Elliott on 14 June. The Earl of Sandwich landed 31 on 2 July 1772, her surgeon Mr White receiving 5s a head; nine First Company men were paid 91 days from that date. In June 1772 four unfit men went home at Captain Abercromby's charge, two in the Grenville, and 13 with Captain Hindman in the Duke of Richmond, at £5 0s 0d a head; discharged men awaiting passage were kept 131 days at 6d a day against 2d in March. The Royal Captain's surgeon, James Hobbs, received £9 10s 0d at 5s a head in April 1773 for 38 recruits. [Film No. 36, 40, 44, 53, 55, 61, 164–165, 203–204, 432]

Re-enlistment bounties were £10 0s 0d: Samuel Ringrose on 23 March 1772; 28 men for £280 0s 0d in April and June 1772, 14 of them on 16 June, besides £25 0s 0d for three new recruits; eight men for three years between 7 July and 9 September, including John Alman on 1 September and Peter Higgins on 9 September; and John Vaughan for three years from 2 November. In 1773 the same bounty bought five years from William Carter on 18 January, Samuel Wilson on 25 January, Anthony Reynolds on 22 February, Thomas Ward on 2 April and William Waite on 4 April. [Film No. 41, 57, 59, 223, 286, 294, 311, 421, 423]

Men from ships filled gaps. John Waters, left by the British King in March 1772, served the June quarter; Quinwright Querney of the Asia enlisted on 6 May 1772 for £5 0s 0d and Joseph Cayley of the York on 21 May for £10 0s 0d. James Ward (James Woods on the pay list) enlisted for five years on 3 August for £5 0s 0d. Joseph Peal (or Peel) and John Phillips, the latter also on the Godfrey's passenger list, enlisted for five years on 28 and 30 September for £7 7s 0d each as fine-looking men, were briefly paid as corporals and then served as Second Company privates; Thomas Barnes, a boatswain's mate left by the Godfrey, joined the Third Company on 5 October for £5 0s 0d. On 18 March 1773 James Wilson, a Bengal deserter who gave himself up from the London, Stephen Jarns and Henry Yates, perhaps the Gatton seaman of that name, enlisted for five years at £3 0s 0d each for necessaries. On 26 April 1773 James Cambell, an artillery sergeant from the Coromandel coast with a regular discharge, received £10 0s 0d, and on 10 May Captain Alexander Tod handed over William Jones, a Madras deserter, who was given £2 0s 0d. On 5 April 1773 Private William Kingscott was released on finding Thomas Matthews to serve in his place, though a Thomas Matthews was already on the Third Company's roll. William Hern, a recruit, went straight to the drummers. [Film No. 45, 49, 74, 123–124, 127, 131, 133, 206, 209, 290, 292, 339, 342, 345–346, 355, 403, 432, 458]

Deaths in the ranks included Privates John Pratt on 5 April 1772, Thomas Hayes on 10 April, William Harris senior on 21 April, Robert Brown on 23 April, Thomas Brown and Thomas Biffin on 29 April, John Sherland on 1 May and John Coleman on 14 May; Richard Hunter on 4 July; Corporal Joseph Brokes (Bristow on the pay list), killed on 21 July in a fall from the cliff path to Munden's Point and the subject of an inquest; Richard Ashford on 10 September; John Lockhart on 5 December and Richard Kempton on 6 December; James Challis on 6 January 1773, John Thistlewood on 18 January, Matross James Griffiths on 29 January, Edward Groves on 20 or 22 March (a Richard Groves served in the same company), Matross William Mackey on 24 March and James Herbert on 16 April. The sexton was paid 2s 6d a grave: eight in the June quarter of 1772, three in September, two in December and five in March 1773. [Film No. 36, 39–41, 43–44, 48, 50, 59, 74, 119, 209, 211, 221, 241, 248, 292, 298, 305, 307, 315, 346, 404, 406, 410, 415]

Discharges came in batches when ships could carry men: five on 13 April 1772, including the drummer Joseph Purdy, and several on 24 June for the Grosvenor and Duke of Richmond. The gunner William Rowsing went on 2 May on the Court's own instructions, James Proctor left the Third Company on 2 May for a post at 10s 6d a week, Francis Wainwright and John Wilson left in July and Sergeant William Merrick on 27 July. James Graham and Richard Penny (paid for 1 October only) went home as invalids in the Godfrey, whose commander received £10 0s 0d for both. Thomas Brown, John Gray and William Houston, enlisted on 2 July, and George Bennet were discharged on 22 October and sailed in the Colebrooke at £5 0s 0d a head. John Hilliard left on 21 December 1772 and Sergeant George Seale on 4 January 1773 at the end of their terms, Sergeant Sedgwick Witherall and John Dailey on 1 February and Corporal James Waller on 15 February, when Joseph Valentine, John Clark, Philip Cooke, Thomas Nash, James McCarty and Thomas Batchelor were also struck off for passage in the Lapwing, with no minute recording it. [Film No. 39, 43–44, 50, 57, 69, 211, 221, 287, 292, 294, 297, 299, 305, 311, 319, 395, 397, 401–405, 408]

Promotions and reductions were paid to the day. In the June quarter of 1772 Sergeant William Bell of the Third Company and Corporal John Johnson of the Fourth were reduced on 5 May, John Anderson replacing Johnson; Joseph McElroy became the Second Company's sixth sergeant and three privates, including Augustine Hitchcock, corporals; William Tucker, reduced in March, served as a private. Richard Powell, a cadet, was commissioned lieutenant on 20 April 1772. Lieutenant Thomas Lambert asked on 18 May to retire through age, deafness and failing sight, was paid to 29 July and resigned on 29 August, and on 3 August James Greentree was promoted first lieutenant by seniority, filling the Second Company vacancy. Lieutenant William Caldwell's month's suspension for drunkenness on guard had ended in January 1772. [Film No. 35, 38–39, 42, 46, 48, 72, 205, 289]

In the September quarter of 1772 Merrick's discharge made way for Benjamin Thomas, James Elgin was paid 29 days as acting sergeant major and Goudy was reduced from that post, Daniel Patton lost his corporal's rank on 28 September, George Harvey went from drummer to private and Charles Grafton moved to the artillery. In the December quarter Elgin held the post outright, Abraham Snow replaced Alexander Jewes as sergeant, Thomas Hart became corporal, Corporal William Johnson was reduced on 14 December and Joseph Dailey appointed next day, and John Stockdall lost his stripes; Thomas Fores succeeded him as corporal in 1773. Seale's discharge made Andrew Alexander sergeant on 5 January 1773 and John Potts corporal. [Film No. 205, 209, 211, 286, 289–290, 293, 297–298, 395, 405, 407]

In the artillery, Benjamin Holmes was promoted sixth sergeant by 30 June 1772, Edward Ware reduced from gunner and Matthew Charlton promoted, Henry Friendly transferred from the Fourth Company and the recruit Peter Fox replaced Purdy as drummer. Thomas Wale and Thomas Saw rose to gunner in the September quarter and John Anderson was reduced from gunner, and George Grant was reduced in the December quarter. William Rankin was reduced from bombardier on 25 January 1773 and John Towers promoted next day. Witherall's discharge on 1 February made Ringrose sergeant, John Smith corporal, Charles Abraham bombardier and George Street gunner; Waller's on 15 February made Thomas Yates corporal, Thomas Price and John Wright bombardiers and James Mannings and Nicholas Godfrey gunners, while Abraham fell to matross on 16 February. [Film No. 49–51, 217, 300–301, 408–411]

The annual clothing issue between April and June 1772 served about 420 men with more than 400 suits and 374 hats, soldiers' clothing alone costing £817 6s 6d, a sergeant's suit about £5 4s 6d and a private's £1 9s 3d, with 102 blankets at £31 0s 6d marked with Venetian red paint; the garrison account rose to £1,023 15s 6d from about £95. A second issue between July and September included 35 matrosses' coats, 14 watch coats, 518 pairs of shoes, 510 of stockings, 486 shirts, 458 stocks and 454 cockades, and for officers nine crimson sashes, 21 gold-laced hats, 21 epaulettes and 100 yards of scarlet broadcloth; the account was £906 2s 1d, and the outlying guards were refitted with 89 bowls, 78 platters, 43 lamps and cooking pans, with bunting worth £4 11s 2d for flags. The garrison account was £115 11s 10d in the December quarter and £130 5s 9d in March 1773, covering drams at muster, guard candles, cots and coffins, recruits' kits and whips; Adam Evans covered 120 cots at 6d each in the December quarter. [Film No. 22–24, 164–166, 174–175, 271–272, 384–385]

Salt pork issued to the garrison was short in every quarter: 335 pieces worth £51 15s 1d to June 1772, 373 worth £57 8s 6d to September, 376 worth £57 19s 3d to December and 111 of beef and 358 of pork worth £74 7s 9d to March 1773, the Company making good the weight because soldiers paid by the piece. [Film No. 22, 164, 271, 385]

Every Company ship received nine guns on arrival and departure. July 1772 brought alarms on 2, 9, 12, 20, 30 and 31 July at Purling's Battery, Prosperous Bay and Turk's Cap, 156 guns and 552 lb of powder, and 49 tompions were drawn; the Dutch Pleyenburg, of 600 tons, 30 guns and 130 men, received 13 guns, as had a French warship in June, dated 31 July in one account and 5 August in another. August used 58 guns and 264 lb 4 oz of powder; September 35 guns and 195 lb 2 oz, including 18 guns for the Deptford and Clive on 2 September and two 18-pounders at Purling's Battery on 20 September. October used 861 lb 4 oz, including 13 guns for Sir John Strachan of the Colebrooke on 24 October and 81 guns, 602 lb of powder, on 25 October for George III's accession, the only firing of the 32-, 24- and 18-pounders. January 1773 used 21 guns and 263 lb 12 oz, February 285 lb, of which 180 lb was charged to the alarm for six Dutch ships on 19 February with no guns entered, March 192 guns and 385 lb, and April 123 guns, 393 lb 4 oz and 550 lb of junk for wadding, including 15 guns for six ships passing on 23 April, recorded in the minutes on 22 April. Messengers on alarms cost £5 0s 0d for 20 in the June quarter of 1772, £3 10s 0d in September and £4 15s 0d for 19 between January and March 1773. Lead ball was issued for shooting goats. [Film No. 59, 73, 77–78, 119, 137, 223, 235, 243, 251, 309, 311, 322, 328, 365, 421, 425, 451]

A notice of 28 September 1772 ordered fishing boats to lower sail and row past Purling's Battery on pain of severe punishment, extending the watch kept since a plot of 30 September 1771 to seize the Company's longboat, after which its boats were chained on the beach. A notice of 9 November 1772 banned bonfires, rockets, crackers and squibs, even on days of celebration, on pain of imprisonment by the constable. On 11 May 1773 the Spanish royal frigate La Venus, under Captain Lingaza, called from Manila bound for Spain with 550 tons, 32 guns and 230 men. [Film No. 127, 236–237, 459]

Public Works

Tippet asked leave for a new landing place in James's Valley on 6 July 1772, after iron had been issued for it and a wall built from the crane to the steps for £37 0s 3d. Fortification stores in the June quarter cost £16 10s 8d, £10 15s 4d of it canvas for lime bags, with oil for the Sandy Bay quarry and rope and arrack for men moving cannon; lime burned at Sandy Bay came round by longboat, taking 324¼ labourers' days. Between July and September the work drew £118 19s 2d of stores, including six pairs of hand screws at £28 10s 1½d, 515 lb of iron, 34 lb of steel, 717 lb of lead and 19 chaldrons of coal for lime at £43 0s 6d, and £151 5s 0d in wages, including 522 days of stone blowing. On 5 October the Council ordered Purbeck steps cramped into the rock, a wall 10 feet thick on the north side with rocks thrown to windward, and repair of the breached wall to the Line, urging speed before the surf expected within six to eight weeks. The December quarter took 30 pigs of lead, 66 cwt 0 qr 6 lb at £61 10s 0d, canvas for lime bags at £19 5s 0d and £147 15s 8d in wages, including 504½ days of stone blowing and 1,682¾ labourers' days. Tippet reported it finished on 4 January 1773, and the fortifications drew only £10 9s 11d in the March quarter. [Film No. 29, 53, 61, 65, 131–133, 174–176, 225, 247–248, 278–280, 309, 391]

On 5 October 1772 the Council postponed repairing the glacis. Tippet's letter of 19 October found that the ravelin's point pushed the counterscarp and glacis into the surf and that the glacis was built partly in mud mortar; he proposed removing one gun from each face and placing one in a new front, drawing the works back 8 or 10 feet, and the Council ordered two guns on each face instead of three. A marginal note records the same plan put to a colonel some years before. On 5 April 1773 Tippet asked to rebuild the parapet from the drawbridge to the lower guardhouse, built with earth for mortar and nearly washed away, and the Council chose to inspect it first. [Film No. 133, 140–142, 356–357]

The officers' new barracks drew £110 13s 7d of stores in the June quarter of 1772, including about 370 deals, 86 bundles of laths, 776 lb of iron, 408 panes of glass and brass-knobbed rim locks, and £239 4s 1d in wages, including 3,333½ labourers' days and the first tiling; the carpenters' shop received new tools, including 96 files and 72 gimlets. The September quarter took £252 1s 11d of stores, including Riga timber at £77 19s 3d, oak at £22 2s 6d and a bowsprit, topmast, spar and five sheer masts at £71 10s 8d, and £120 0s 6d in wages with 228 days of plastering. The December quarter took £182 12s 2d of stores, including 315 lb of flooring brads, more than 550 deals (403 bought locally for £58 13s 0d), two topmasts and a sheer mast at £35 15s 6d and rice for whitewash size, and £108 0s 9d in wages. Tippet reported the barracks finished on 4 January 1773. [Film No. 17, 29–31, 57, 176–178, 225, 247, 280–281, 307]

The new road at Ladder Hill cost £145 17s 4d in masons' work and £36 6s 9d in blasting in the June quarter of 1772 and £154 4s 4d in the September quarter. The Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood cost £20 19s 9d in the June quarter, chiefly 456 loads of earth at 6d, £58 6s 3d and £9 19s 6d for 199 labourers' days in September, with deals carried in 91 loads, and about £30 in December, when the carpenter John Robinson was paid £12 5s 0d for rafters at 1s and joists at 7½d. Repairs to Plantation House and Longwood took £56 18s 7d of stores in the September quarter against £17, and £20 18s 11d in December; Plantation House itself cost £14 2s 6d in September and £5 3s 6d in December. On 27 April 1772 the Council let Corneille turn his kitchen into a bedroom and build a cookhouse, raising repairs to £17 0s 1d from under 3s. [Film No. 20–21, 57, 61, 63, 161–163, 223, 225, 227, 269–270, 307, 311]

The watercourse in James's Valley, choked by rubbish from the bare hills, was cleaned for £19 9s 8d in the September quarter of 1772 and ordered cleared on 5 October for fear of a flood like that of 1756; it cost £117 10s 1d in the December quarter, with 1,342¼ labourers' days at 1s 6d, and £93 4s 1½d with a new bridge in March 1773, stone layers earning 3s a day. The Lemon Valley watercourse, feeding the leeward watering place, was repaired by 4 January 1773. Other works included the portcullises at Banks's and Sandy Bay, the officers' rooms at Banks's, clearing the Run, the Back Run (£10 4s 9d), lime burning (£20 4s 0d), highways (£6 15s 9d) and a well (£6 19s 7d). Skilled men earned 1s 6d a day, junior carpenters 1s 3d, labourers 1s and overseers 1s 6d or 2s. [Film No. 61, 132, 225, 227, 248, 267, 307, 413, 415, 417, 419]

The new church drew stone sawyers from June 1772, £18 14s 7d of stores in the September quarter, and wages of £35 7s 10d and stores of £183 16s 10d in the December quarter, including 57½ pieces of French timber at £161 10s 2d. Tippet's request of 4 January 1773 to press on with it was approved. In the March quarter its stores were £71 17s 0d, including oak at £24 11s 8d and eight spars at £28 1s 0d, and its wages £218 8s 4½d, including 2,532½ labourers' days, 297¼ masons' days and 278½ days of stone blowing, while the barracks took £3 16s 0d. The church displaced the doctor's shop, and on 12 April 1773 the Council hired a house as a dispensary at £20 0s 0d a year. [Film No. 61, 176, 180, 227, 248, 282, 307, 368, 381, 383, 390–391, 415]

On 5 April 1773 Tippet reported work on the church, on rebuilding the alarm house on the Ridge, which took more than 400 days and £23 17s 6d, and on Company houses, which cost £46 2s 1½d. On 12 April the Council queried £46 of this, spent on a kitchen and room for Lieutenant St Maurice and on rooms for Tippet himself, who had had no quarters; it forbade unapproved work but let the charge stand. [Film No. 356, 367, 383, 419]

Long timber came from ships. The paymaster bought sheer masts from Captains Thomson and Barclay in the June quarter of 1772; on 27 July the Council paid the Earl of Sandwich's owners £98 2s 3d for deals and spars at invoice plus 50 and 63 per cent, and Joseph Bradford sold 200 deals at 2s each plus 50 per cent; Captain Deane sold 504 deals and 100 spars for £128 10s 3d in the September quarter. The inventory of 30 September 1772 held timber worth £374 14s 6d, cased English joinery worth £79 15s 6d and window glass worth £66 9s 10d. [Film No. 53, 69–70, 183–184, 191, 195, 221]

Land and Agriculture

On 30 September 1772 the planters paid a year's rents of £628 7s 0d on 2,205½ acres of leased land and 2,311½ acres of free land, with ground rents on Jamestown plots; leased land paid from 6d to 4s an acre. Richard Bagley paid most, £53 4s 2d, then James Greentree £35 18s 6d, Wrangham £32 4s 0d on 272 acres, Purling £21 10s 2d on 173 acres, Mason more than £18 and Stewart almost £15, while Matthew Bazett's sum was left blank on 307¾ acres. Ruth Colgrave and the executors of Chamberlain, John Doveton and Orlando Bagley remained on the roll, as did the executors of a James Tippet; William Jenkins paid £4 0s 0d for 16 acres, having taken 8 acres in the South Division from John Bagley senior in May 1772. "The Society" paid 4s ground rent. [Film No. 128–130]

The Council controlled every lease. On 12 October 1772 John Bagley junior surrendered for Orlando Bagley's orphans a barren acre at Peak Gut; on 30 November John Scott was allowed to auction 19½ acres in the South Division; on 21 December Simon Whaley's four acres there were renewed, the deed executed on 5 April 1773 at 5s an acre, and on 12 April he transferred the lease to John Price. A notice of 14 December 1772 bound each planter to the number of cattle he returned for slaughter in 1773, required any accident to a beast to be reported in writing within three days, limited sales of bulls to ships to one or two a year and called for returns of horses, sheep and goats. [Film No. 138, 240, 242, 245, 312, 354, 364]

The Company's plantation account was £24 1s 7d in the June quarter of 1772, with 6,223 lb of rice for poultry and horses and milk pans and long cloth for a new dairy and train oil for the cattle's hides, the herd having reached about 100 cows with Cape cattle; £23 11s 7d in September, with 45 cwt of paddy and eight ox bows; £43 19s 10d in December, with 33 cwt of wheat as the poultry grew by 59 fowls, 26 ducks and 35 turkeys; and £35 14s 3d in March 1773. Plantation provisions sold for £27 19s 3d in June 1772, £54 18s 7d in December and £37 13s 6d in March 1773. A Cape stallion cost £35 0s 0d from Captain Jayne of the Deptford, with £4 10s 0d of seeds. The seed house was repaired and 26 days of mowing paid in the December quarter. The Company also kept a plantation at Sandy Bay and a pork house. [Film No. 26–27, 66, 170–171, 221, 275–276, 305, 312, 366, 388, 424]

Between 1 July and 30 September 1772 cattle fell from 258 to 250 despite 17 calves, sheep rose from 303 to 331 with 98 lambs while 52 of 71 wethers were killed, goats fell from 162 to 155 with 28 deaths, hogs rose from 27 to 32 and horses from 12 to 13, and 10,950 lb of yams went to the stock. To 31 December cattle fell to 232, sheep to 267 as 24 wethers were killed, goats rose to 161, hogs fell to 22 and horses rose to 14, and 15,660 lb of yams went to the stock. To 31 March 1773 sheep rose to 362 despite 38 deaths, six wethers going to Captain Webb's ship, cattle fell to 215 with 16 deaths, goats to 151 and hogs rose to 32, with 14,480 lb of yams for the stock. [Film No. 136, 250, 366]

Greentree's will distinguished freehold from Company lease land and included 18 acres of cabbage-tree land at Coles and goat ranges at Sandy Bay and Lemon Valley. Rats were a constant loss: the constable was paid for rats and mice £3 7s 4d on 20 April 1772, £1 1s 8d in the September quarter, £2 0s 9d in December and £1 9s 8d in March 1773, the store held 70 rat traps and 43 mousetraps on 30 September 1772, and wire traps sold at about 7s 6d against 1s 8d for snap traps. The store also held 11 pairs of wool cards, and inhabitants bought 10 pairs of sheep shears and six of wool cards between October and December 1772. [Film No. 53, 189, 221, 258, 307, 413, 453–454]

Supply and Provisioning

Salt meat was bought from homeward commanders at 2s a piece between April and June 1772, including 265 pieces from Captain Rice of the Dutton on 20 April and 506 from Captain Dampier on 2 May, and from Captains Jameson, Hayter, Abercromby, Hindman and Saunders and Charles Hudson of the Talbot; one account gives more than 1,900 pieces and another more than 3,400. The paymaster also paid £27 0s 0d for 36 Cape sheep. The inventory of 30 September 1772 held beef and pork worth £7,627 13s 2d, 455 casks of flour worth £1,136 18s 10d, about 24 tons of wheat, 20 tons of rice, 13 tons of paddy, 1,236 gallons of arrack, four iron hand mills worth £24 14s 6d and 97 chaldrons of coal worth £219 2s 6d; 24 tierces of local beef cost £4 0s 0d each against nearly £5 0s 0d from England. [Film No. 53, 55, 57, 59, 181, 183, 190, 197–198]

Asian supplies arrived throughout. The Hampshire from Bombay landed rice and batty on 30 July 1772 at 538 rupees 0 quarters 30 reas; the Rochford from Bengal on 31 July rice, wax candles, Batavia arrack, Madeira and Vidonia at 3,252 rupees 4 annas 6 pies; and the Clive on 7 August a single share at 1,811 rupees 7 annas 3 pies, her rice at 2 rupees 2 annas a maund against 2 rupees 8 annas a week earlier. The Deptford from Madras, on 25 August, cost 1,442 pagodas 27 fanams 43 cash, about 1,290 pagodas for long cloth at 118 to 220 pagodas a corge, muslin and moorees and about 150 for rice, paddy and two leaguers of arrack. The Godfrey from Bombay, on 20 September, cost 1,519 rupees 2 quarters 2 reas, 1,010 rupees for 10 corge of Surat chelloes; the Colebrooke from Bengal, on 12 October, 2,102 rupees 2 annas 6 pies, with arrack at 270 rupees a leaguer against 180 in the Morse and Sykes invoices and sloop hire of 216 rupees against 135. [Film No. 73–75, 108–109, 121, 134–135]

In 1773 the Nottingham from Madras, on 26 January, cost 163 pagodas 18 fanams 26 cash and was charged for 296 gallons of Pulicat arrack in leaguers holding 275 gallons, of which 263 arrived. The Greenwich from Bengal landed goods at 2,051 rupees 12 annas 3 pies, a quarter of it charges, and the Duke of Cumberland from Bombay rice and batty at 673 rupees 42 reas, both with short weight. The Nassau from Madras, on 9 May, cost 144 pagodas 22 fanams 14 cash, with rice at 55 pagodas a garce against about 30 in February and Batavia arrack at 48 pagodas a leaguer against 38 for Pulicat. [Film No. 316, 318, 362–363, 367, 369, 449]

China goods came with the homeward fleets. Five China ships landed 105 chests of sugar between April and June 1772, the British King and Earl of Elgin tea and table china. The five ships of March 1773 brought 147 chests of sugar at 4 taels 5 mace a picul, about 2¾d a pound, all light from drainage; the London and Granby brought 20 octagonal 37-piece table sets each, 103 pieces broken in sound packages. Sugar candy at 5 taels 8 mace came in 28 chests each from the Lioness, arriving 22 April, and the Fox, 6 May, and 24 chests with four of superfine at 9 taels 5 mace from the Norfolk, 9 May. The Earl of Lincoln, 2 May, and Lord Camden, 3 May, brought bohea at 12 taels a picul, about 7d a pound, sold at about 8d, congou at 25 taels and green tea at 22 taels, named hyson skin on the Lord Camden's invoice of 17 December 1772. [Film No. 6–7, 9, 331–337, 340–341, 347, 426, 434–436, 441, 450]

The Council drew goods from homeward Company cargoes without payment: 1 cwt of pepper from the Godfrey on 28 September 1772, two bales of coffee from the Duke of Cumberland and three from the Shrewsbury, ordered on 5 April 1773, four days before the Duke of Cumberland's recorded arrival, and 3 cwt of white pepper from the Pigot, ordered on 19 April 1773. [Film No. 125, 356, 358, 425]

Cape sheep restocked the flock. Captain Peter Meakes of the Nottingham sold 40 at 12s on 1 February 1773; Captain John Johnston of the Granby supplied through Christopher Brand 100 sheep, 138 Dutch bushels of wheat, barley, straw and seeds for 420 rix-dollars, £84 0s 0d, about 8s 5d a sheep; Captain Augustus Savage 30 sheep and wheat on 12 April for 291 rix-dollars 5 schellings 2 stivers; Captain Robert Carr 60 sheep at 15s, 50 sacks of wheat and seeds on 17 April for £92 8s 0d; and Captain William Larkins 50 at 17s 6d with seeds for £48 15s 0d on 23 April. On 8 May Captain George Richardson sold 200 at 15s for £150 0s 0d, eight of which had died since landing on 18 April, the Council paying in full and referring the dispute to London; Captain Tod sold 80 for £60 0s 0d and Captain David Mitchell 120 for £90 0s 0d with wheat and seeds for £18 16s 0d. On 14 May the owners of the Earl of Ashburnham were paid £22 10s 0d outright for 30 and Captain John Lennox £37 10s 0d for 50. Wheat from Captain Meakes cost £5 17s 3d and two calves from Captain Fortescue £5 0s 0d. [Film No. 319, 347, 366–370, 413, 426, 437, 447–448, 464]

Wheat bought from Captain John Allen of the Clive, signed for on 21 August 1772, cost £177 0s 2½d at Bengal, reduced to £169 16s 5¼d for five missing bags and short weight; the minute of 24 August calls it rice. Frederick Gallien, who succeeded Jenkins as baker, was paid £14 15s 9d for 169 batches at 1s 9d each quarter. [Film No. 55, 104, 221, 307, 415]

Losses in transit were recorded by cause. Milk pans and teapots short packed from the Lord Camden in May 1772 recurred in identical quantities in the Earl of Sandwich's goods on 27 July, with 76 broken panes, wet cloth, 3,000 broken slates, 60 broken gutter tiles and short iron and steel. On 22 August two of the Rochford's four leaguers, nearly 300 gallons, were short delivered; the Clive was two leaguers short, the Deptford one and 8 gallons, the Colebrooke 18 of 285 gallons, wine pipes 4 to 6 gallons and the Godfrey's chelloes six pieces short packed at Surat, while she landed pepper over invoice. On 28 September iron missing from the Earl of Sandwich was written off to London. On 26 October 1772 the Council wrote off £78 14s 10d lost in the year to 30 September, including sugar at £19 12s 2d and candles at £13 6s 6d, on Doveton's declaration without survey. The Royal Captain's stores, checked on 26 April 1773, included 15,000 broken plain tiles, broken glass and wares, wastage of salt, cordage and soap, a gallon kettle short packed in London and port and Lisbon wine 4 gallons short in each four hogsheads; the Lioness and Fox each landed candy light. [Film No. 71–72, 96, 103, 110–112, 124, 126, 139–141, 231–233, 426, 431–432, 446]

The hospital drew 423 lb each of sugar, flour and rice in the June quarter of 1772 against 447 lb, costing £16 1s 11d; £24 2s 7d in September, nearly half for a pewter still at £10 12s 4d; £19 1s 6d in December, its food more than doubled; and £15 9s 5d in March 1773. The Company allowed 7½d a day for each patient, and in the March quarter Seward was repaid £2 7s 6d spent above it, £4 0s 0d for buying provisions and £6 3s 0d for medicines from ships. James Farrell earned £2 14s 8d helping during Pritchard's illness, and Private Thomas Hancock £2 10s 0d in each of the December and March quarters. [Film No. 22, 163, 171–172, 221, 277, 305, 388, 413]

Fishing fed much of the island. Inhabitants bought more than 300 lines in the June quarter of 1772, more than 8,000 hooks and 270 lines in September and nearly 6,300 hooks and more than 400 lines in December; the store held more than 53,000 hooks and 160 dozen lines worth £124 9s 3d on 30 September 1772, and tackle went to the fishermen of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor. [Film No. 8, 148, 158, 185, 255]

Trade and Shipping

Between April and June 1772 stores were landed from the Northumberland, Bute, Stafford, Earl of Elgin, Glatton and Dutton (71 labourers' days) and the Lord Camden (317 days), arrack for the store labourers doubling to 62½ gallons, and the Council bought a new longboat from Captain Abercromby of the Grenville. The Lord Holland sailed on 19 July and the Lord North called in mid July; the Ankerwyke from China called from 21 to 29 July, the Hampshire from 30 July to 11 August and the Rochford from 31 July to 24 August; the Earl of Sandwich left for Bencoolen on 2 August; the Dutch Pleyenburg called from Batavia with coffee and pepper for Amsterdam; the Clive arrived on 7 August and the Deptford on 25 August, both sailing on 2 September. The Godfrey arrived on 20 September and sailed on 1 October by the minutes or 7 October by the artillery account, paying £88 3s 10d; her roll names her commander Francis Fead, but he signed as Francis Reed; the Colebrooke arrived on 12 October and paid £62 18s 6d on 22 October, sailing next day. No ship came until the Nottingham, 26 January to 1 February 1773. [Film No. 5, 6–7, 17, 28, 53, 69–70, 73, 75–77, 100, 103, 113, 121, 131, 134, 230, 235, 238, 315]

In 1773 the snow Lapwing from Bengal called on 15 and 16 February and six Dutch ships passed on 19 February. The Gatton, Havannah and London arrived from China on 11 March, the Osterley on 13 March (leaving on 15 March without a salute), the Granby on 14 or 15 March and the Shrewsbury from Bombay on 30 or 31 March. The Danish Fredensborg, 800 tons, 26 guns, 160 men, Captain Holm, called from 11 to 15 March, and the King of Denmark, 1,200 tons, 32 guns, 160 men, Captain Schifter, from 20 to 25 March. In April the Greenwich called from 7 to 19 April, the Duke of Cumberland from 9 to 14 April and the Pigot from Bencoolen from 18 April to 10 May; the Lioness sailed on 25 April; the Earl of Lincoln and Lord Camden sailed on 10 May and the Fox on 9 May; the Norfolk, Nassau, Anson and Earl of Ashburnham arrived on 9 May. A Dutch ship passed on 10 May. [Film No. 320, 324, 326, 330, 342, 346, 348–349, 358, 365, 369–370, 425, 431, 433, 449, 451, 459]

Company ships bought stores worth £208 4s 1d in the June quarter of 1772 against £13 9s 11d, including 3,095 lb of rope at £74 3s 7d, 28 barrels of pitch and tar, 413 lb of turpentine and Prussian blue at more than 27s a pound; £491 19s 4d in September, including an anchor cable of 75 cwt 3 qr 21 lb at £182 1s 5d and 19 tierces of salt meat at £170 11s 8d; and £60 1s 0d in December, including 8 tierces of beef at nearly £7 0s 0d a tierce. In the March quarter of 1773 ships' owners paid an advance on £54 18s 3d of stores and the Company's snow Lapwing paid prime cost. The inventory of 30 September 1772 held anchors worth £423 18s 9d, 441 cwt of cordage worth £792 9s 1d, canvas worth £157 17s 6d, sheathing brads and 53½ barrels of pitch and 31 of tar. [Film No. 15–16, 155–157, 179, 181–182, 192–193, 265, 379]

The Company's boats needed £15 1s 4d of repairs in the June quarter of 1772 against £28; £70 3s 7d in September, with 1,608 lb of cordage; £15 16s 1d in December; and £40 9s 11d in March 1773, when hired labourers also worked the longboats for 535 days at £30 16s 9d and repaired them for £12 7s 6d while 12 Company and two Danish ships lay in the roads. The coopers' shop was refitted to repair ships' casks. A longboat was bought from Captain Mitchell for £40 0s 0d and a yawl from Captain Richardson for £6 0s 0d on 8 May 1773, and a six-oared cutter from Captain Lennox for £18 0s 0d on 14 May. [Film No. 28, 172–174, 278, 381, 388–389, 417, 448, 464]

Matthew Bazett mustered every arriving Company ship for deserters and found none. Crews exceeded 100, with six mates, foreign seamen such as Joam Manuel and Jan Lorenz Mulder, butchers and poulterers for the deck livestock and officers' servants paid through their masters. Commanders' kinsmen served as mates, among them John White under Captain John White of the Havannah, James Tod under Alexander Tod and Charles Lennox under John Lennox. The Colebrooke's roll of 19 October 1772 ended with about 14 lascars entered by single names such as Mahmud, Cassam and Ausuff; the Pigot's included Black Jack and Coffee Jack. The Lord Camden's second mate, Nathaniel Dance, was knighted after repulsing a French squadron off Pulo Aura in 1804. [Film No. 69, 110, 123, 139–140, 316–318, 338–339, 342–344, 426, 442–446, 459–463]

Passengers included two army majors from Bengal and a family with a black maid and four black servants in the Clive on 22 August 1772; seven children of Madras servants travelling home without their parents in the Deptford; about 20 returning soldiers with black servants named Dick Nottingham and Domingo in the Nottingham; three black girls in the Shrewsbury, three girls and three boys and a Mr Imhoff in the Greenwich, and Mrs Hornby with two children and 11 servants in the Duke of Cumberland in April 1773; Du Pré with his wife, three daughters, steward and five black servants in the Nassau; and John and Elizabeth Scott with the black servant Susanna in the Norfolk. [Film No. 102, 111, 317–318, 355, 359, 361, 462–463]

The Company Stores

Warehouse sales at 10 per cent above cost were £2,433 17s 3d in the last quarter of 1771, £1,774 12s 0d in the first quarter of 1772 and £1,794 13s 4d to June, when sugar sales rose to 6,736 lb from 442 lb, singlo tea to 471 lb from 27 lb and salt meat brought £583 12s 0d; sales at 40 and 50 per cent, all in early April, came to £20 12s 1d. Women's and children's shoes made almost a quarter of shoe sales, including 85 pairs of women's calamanco, and nine sets of dishes and plates sold for almost £10, with 36 teapots from the Lord Camden. [Film No. 6–9, 12–15]

Sales to 30 September 1772 were £2,314 7s 10d at 10 per cent and £71 7s 2d at 40 per cent. Salt pork brought £368 18s 0d, long cloth £366 19s 3d (more than 140 pieces from about £5 0s 0d to £1 6s 0d a piece), bread from Company flour £325 5s 4d, sugar and candy £190 2s 8d and salt beef £148 8s 0d; bread issued fell from about 442 to 349 cwt. Broadcloth brought £115 4s 10d against under £7 in the first quarter, hyson 35 catties against 13, more than 300 panes of glass went to private buyers, flannel appeared for the first time, saddlery exceeded £15 and gold lace £12; soldiers bought 132 shirts, Vidonia sold at about 2s 3d a gallon against about 7s for port, and surplus Purbeck stone and gunpowder were sold. [Film No. 142–155]

Sales to 31 December 1772 were £2,569 12s 7d at 10 per cent and £15 10s 0d at 40 per cent. Salt meat at 2s a piece, 3,793 pieces of beef and 4,542 of pork, brought £833 10s 0d, mostly stopped from soldiers' pay; bread from 277 cwt of flour £538 13s 0d; sugar £190 4s 7d; bohea 1,078 lb at about 8d; 241 pairs of men's shoes; gold lace more than £33 for 176 yards; 216 soldiers' shirts £53 11s 0d; broadcloth £73 19s 2d; Madeira £70 7s 8d for 206 gallons; more than 300 pieces of porcelain, saucers at about 3d; more than 400 panes of glass; 47½ lb of indigo, over a third of stock; and huckaback table linen £16 7s 0d. A cash-only auction of damaged goods, announced on 7 December, raised £8 0s 0d. [Film No. 238, 252–266]

Sales to 31 March 1773 were £1,586 5s 9d at 10 per cent. Bread rose to 373 cwt but cost £417 17s 0d, about 22s a hundredweight against 39s, as Cape wheat was ground on the island; salt meat fell to 5,856 pieces, bohea to 571 lb and men's shoes to 12 pairs, and parson's grey broadcloth and black stockings and breeches sold for mourning. Nails, coal, leather and flour sold at 50 per cent brought £7 16s 3d. [Film No. 371, 374–375, 378]

The inventory of 30 September 1772, signed by Doveton and Purling, valued English goods at £14,500 7s 9d and the whole at £16,087 12s 2d. It held 106 frying pans, 107 blank keys, 639 files, 80 dozen pairs of shoe buckles, seven pairs of cart wheels, 269 cwt of bar iron worth £240 5s 6d, broadcloth in a dozen colours, gold lace worth £84 2s 3¾d, 33 cwt of Indian candles worth £394 18s 8d, long ells bought for the China trade, and boys' clothing (118 jackets, 167 shirts, 148 pairs of breeches) against 11 pairs of men's breeches. [Film No. 179, 182–186, 188, 191, 194, 197–198]

Finance, Currencies and Accounting

Wrangham drew from the chest £6,124 7s 1d for the quarter to 30 June 1772 (payments £1,827 19s 7d and pay £4,296 7s 6d), almost £1,000 more than in March; £5,534 4s 7d to September, including £1,186 0s 0d of disbursements with £169 16s 5d for wheat, £128 10s 3d for deals and spars and £80 0s 0d in bounties; £5,056 19s 5d to December, with £733 12s 0d of disbursements; and £4,908 3s 0d to March 1773, pay £4,217 6s 7d and disbursements £690 16s 5d, although the first page of that account reads £5,037 10s 0½d. The March account, dated 31 March, included bounties of 2 and 4 April. [Film No. 53–65, 220, 228–229, 304, 306, 308, 310–311, 412, 414, 423]

The cash account opened June 1772 at £12,673 3s 0½d, took £1,815 5s 5d from store sales, £27 19s 3d from the plantation and £11 10s 0d for licences, and closed at £9,540 11s 4d after pay day. July paid nothing out; bills on the Court brought £2,782 14s 2d, including £1,208 14s 0d from Captain Alexander Jameson and £400 0s 0d from the departing surgeon Barclay, and coin reached £11,882 3s 8d, the two sides differing by £7. August opened at £12,421 18s 8d, took £56 8s 9d in bills for Captain Henry Rice on 10 August, £270 0s 6d from the Rochford, £67 4s 6d from the Deptford, £39 7s 11d from the Clive, £10 6s 11d from the Hampshire and Sampson's estate, and closed at £13,193 2s 5d, £12,653 7s 5d in coin, the highest in the record. [Film No. 66–67, 72, 79, 94–95, 121–122]

September 1772 took £2,386 5s 0d from store sales, £628 7s 0d in rents and £50 0s 0d from Stewart's bond and closed at £10,847 11s 4d, £10,307 16s 4d in coin, signed on 19 October. October took £250 0s 0d in bills, £50 0s 0d for Captain Henry Bazett in favour of Miss Mary Bazett and £200 0s 0d for Captain Arthur Moore of the Colebrooke, and closed at £11,160 9s 10d; November was unchanged. December, signed on 18 January 1773, took £2,585 2s 7d for stores, £11 10s 0d for licences and £8 0s 0d from the auction and closed at £8,780 3s 8½d; January was unchanged. The cash notes stood at £539 15s 0d from June 1772 to March 1773. [Film No. 142, 230, 238, 246, 312, 325, 424]

Bills in 1773 brought £1,000 0s 0d in February, Purling remitting £600 0s 0d to John Purling and James Williamson, first mate of the Nottingham, £400 0s 0d to James Farquharson on 1 February, and £1,250 0s 0d in March, £100 0s 0d paid in by Tippet on 18 March for John Hobson and £1,150 0s 0d by Captain Johnston on 22 March. March opened at £9,783 1s 2½d and took £1,394 2s 0d from store sales and £37 13s 6d from the plantation, closing at £7,936 12s 4d, £7,396 17s 4d in coin; its listed receipts sum to £12,644 13s 4d against a stated £12,844 15s 4d, and the other side is totalled at £13,844 15s 4d. On 17 April Captain Carr received £300 0s 0d and Henry Bazett remitted £50 0s 0d to Mary Bazett. On 8 May the Council granted Captain Tod £600 0s 0d, Captain Richardson £3,000 0s 0d and Wrangham £100 0s 0d, Wright remitted £200 0s 0d to Jeremiah Smith, nearly two years of his £110 0s 0d salary, Lieutenant Greentree £36 14s 0d and Captain John Reddall £500 8s 11d, and on 14 May Thomas Stroud paid in £46 0s 0d. Bills ran at 90 days' sight. [Film No. 319, 345, 347, 370, 424, 446–447, 452, 465]

Customs on spirits brought £38 6s 0d in the first quarter of 1772 and £180 6s 4½d on 1,425½ gallons to June, about 2s 6d a gallon, but only £4 17s 3d on 389 gallons to September at 3d a gallon, £17 2s 1½d on 1,368½ gallons to December and £101 18s 4½d on 8,153½ gallons to March 1773. [Film No. 66, 230, 325, 424]

Copper halfpence were sold through the stores: 2,209 for £4 12s 1d to June 1772, 200 Irish halfpence for 8s 4d to September, 3,420 for £7 2s 6d to December and 5,930 for £12 7s 1d to March 1773, at face value; 46,078 worth £95 19s 11d were in store on 30 September 1772. An iron chest for the storehouse cost £5 12s 2d. [Film No. 7, 18, 145, 182, 254, 377]

Invoices ran in pagodas, fanams and cash at Madras, rupees, quarters and reas at Bombay, rupees, annas and pies at Bengal, taels, mace, candareens and cash at Canton and rix-dollars, schellings and stivers at the Cape, with garce, marcal, Surat, factory and bazaar maunds and piculs of 133⅓ lb. The pagoda was reckoned at about 8s, the tael at 6s 8d and the rix-dollar at 4s, with 8 per cent added for exchange. [Film No. 73–75, 108–109, 316, 331–332, 347, 434, 447–449]

The accounts contain slips: sums carried forward differ by 1d and £1 in June 1772 (£3,824 2s 9d for £3,825 2s 9d), £988 3s 1d for £1,088 3s 1d in the paymaster's account, £5 and 15s in the inventory, £20 and 1s in March 1773 and £575 14s 6d for £575 6s 6d in the March disbursements; Films 36 and 37 repeat one page; and the Sampson account's sides differ by 1s. [Film No. 7, 31, 36–37, 50, 55–65, 107, 158–159, 166–167, 365, 374, 419, 421]

Slavery and Coerced Labour

The Company's slaves were charged £573 17s 1d in the quarter to June 1772, drawing almost 20,000 lb of rice against about 14,000, 1,120 pieces of beef, 1,019 of pork and 305½ gallons of arrack, while yams fell to 15,540 lb from more than 67,000; 118 pairs of men's and 32 of women's shoes were issued against four. Soap for Corneille's servants was charged to their account. In the September quarter they were charged £641 7s 11d, drawing more than nine tons of rice, 519 pieces of beef and 1,153 of pork worth £274 3s 1d, arrack worth £39 9s 9d and no yams, with seamen's slops worth £167 16s 11d (326 frocks, 139 duffle jackets, 162 pairs each of breeches and drawers and 172 caps), boys' clothing, more than 1,000 fish hooks and only five pairs of shoes; the paymaster bought 11 serge jackets at 7s 6d. [Film No. 25, 166–168, 221]

In the December quarter the slaves were charged £720 17s 9d: 239 cwt of rice at £102 14s 3d against 184 cwt at £76 2s 5d, salt meat at £439 2s 6d, 418 gallons of arrack, 21,330 lb of yams, 182 blankets at £56 17s 6d and 126 pairs of shoes, with scarlet livery for the Castle servants and long cloth for women in childbed; their houses in the Wood were repaired for £4 7s 0d, and the clerk of the peace was paid for informations and a warrant to arrest a Company slave. In the March quarter of 1773 they were charged £474 6s 3d, with yams rising to 80,780 lb and rice falling below 83 cwt, 2,233 pieces of salt meat, 315 gallons of arrack, more than a ton of Cape wheat, a corn mill and a whipcord. [Film No. 250, 272–274, 305, 307, 366, 385–386]

The plantation accounts recorded Peg Rich's death in the September quarter of 1772; the births of Peg Plato and Patt Standby and the death of Johnny in the December quarter; and the birth of Katharine and the deaths of Tom Butcher and Toby, who hanged himself, in the March quarter of 1773, when the coroner was paid £1 5s 0d for an inquest on Toby. [Film No. 136, 250, 274, 366, 413]

The Malays were supplied from a separate account: £11 11s 9d in the June quarter of 1772, £32 19s 11d in September, including broadcloth, stockings for a man and a woman, china and boat gear, £13 1s 7d in December and £9 12s 7d in March 1773, with coffee, tea, candles and fishing tackle. Nakhoda (Noquedah) Pocolam and Marsingo drew £6 11s 0d each quarter for salt provisions and house rent; Pocolam refused a passage to Sumatra on 15 July 1772, and the Earl of Sandwich carried the Council's letter about him to Bencoolen on 2 August. [Film No. 24, 57, 73, 168–170, 221, 274–275, 305, 380–381, 413]

The Pigot brought from Bencoolen a Company slave described as a Coffree, and her owners billed £14 0s 10d for his keep from 5 June 1772 to 8 May 1773 at 10d a day; on 14 May 1773 the Council referred the bill to the Court because Fort Marlborough had mentioned no charge. [Film No. 448, 465]

Private slaves passed by will. Mary Seale's will of 1772 disposed of slaves. Pavell named 25: 14 to his widow outright, including three women with young children, the boy Frank by postscript and the man Watson for her life and then to Margaret; two men and two boys, Mungo, Jim, Charles and Benjamin, to Richard; and George, Cata, Jack and Fanny, with Jenny by postscript, to Margaret. Ruth Colgrave left George and Jack to her daughter Anne and gave Elizabeth first refusal of Pat at £5 0s 0d each to James and Anne. Elizabeth Desfountain left Pompey, Beck and George to Charles, Nanny to her granddaughter Elizabeth Bazett, Peg to her granddaughter Elizabeth Lake and Nanny's unborn child to Molly Bazett, and freed Billy only on Charles's death and after serving him for life. Greentree left his widow her choice of a slave woman and the man Jack, his sons the boys Highgate, Stephen and Allie and his daughters Bridget and Charlotte the girls Molly and Fanny. [Film No. 68, 113–118, 439, 453–454, 457]

Social Order

Deaths among the inhabitants included Martha, daughter of the publican Roderick Merchant, on 18 September 1772, Sarah, wife of William Seale, on 4 November, Elizabeth, wife of Orlando Bagley and Pavell's daughter, on 6 November, a daughter of Thomas Yates and Martha Beale on 24 December, the widow Priscilla Watts on 28 December, Martha Scott on 24 February 1773, the widow Margaret Alcock on 10 March, Charles, son of Richard Goodwin, on 3 April and Elizabeth Popplow, recorded on 15 April. Orlando Bagley, sworn churchwarden on 18 May 1772 and named in wills of 13 June and 19 July, had executors answering for his land by 30 September 1772, yet an Orlando Bagley was chosen churchwarden on 12 April 1773. [Film No. 115, 118, 121, 128, 235, 245, 247, 326, 330, 354, 361, 364]

On 28 September 1772 Elizabeth Pavell asked the Council to forward her petition to the Court for a small annuity, citing her husband's 31 years' service and admitting that he had left his affairs in a poor state. The pension list carried Nathan Sampell and Michael Frost at £13 15s 11d a quarter and Mary Beale and Elizabeth Kennedy at £7 10s 0d, entered in June 1772 as Nathan Inshall and Mary Peak. [Film No. 52, 125–126, 219, 303, 411]

A notice of 5 April 1773 summoned the inhabitants to a vestry at the chapel in James's Valley. On 12 April they nominated Isaac Doveton, Goodwin and Richard Bagley for sheriff, elected the mason Edward Daniels constable and proposed three churchwardens and two overseers for each of the East, West and South Divisions; the Council chose Doveton as sheriff, Orlando Bagley and Stewart as churchwardens and Gurling, William Young and John Seale as overseers. [Film No. 357, 363–364]

Religion and Education

William Bearcroft, the chaplain (Bencroft in the pay lists), drew £40 0s 0d a quarter, £15 0s 0d diet money and 30 lb of candles. Thomas Yates was parish clerk and sexton at £5 0s 0d with grave fees while serving as bombardier and from 16 February 1773 as corporal. The drum major received £1 0s 0d a quarter for teaching young drummers and the fife major was paid for 91 days teaching fifers in the June quarter of 1772, £2 6s 0d in December and £2 5s 0d in March 1773. The inventory of 30 September 1772 held 19 large Bibles, eight prayer books, six primers and seven hornbooks, and one prayer book sold in the December quarter. [Film No. 33–34, 57, 176, 262, 267, 283, 300, 307, 408, 413]

Bearcroft gave notice on 13 July 1772 that he would leave in April 1773 if relieved, and the Council forwarded it with its consultations and in its general letter of 15 July 1772. On 3 May 1773 he complained that no successor had come and that he wished to sail with his young child; Wright replied that the Court had not answered, and on 10 May the Council asked him to stay until another clergyman arrived. [Film No. 437–438, 457]

Crime and Punishment

William Jenkins, a matross, was dismissed from the bakehouse for short-weighting the garrison's bread before 2 March 1772. On 2 November 1772 the gunner Thomas Towers (John Towers on the pay list) complained that Lieutenant Gurling, officer of the day, had caned him for failing to report two men missing at roll call; the Council held that the fault belonged before military law under the Articles of War and suspended Gurling for a fortnight, which cut his quarter's pay to £31 2s 4½d from £36 14s 4½d. Gurling was absent from the September pay list and may be the Robert Gosling of other entries. Towers was made bombardier on 26 January 1773. [Film No. 18, 129, 234, 296, 300, 408]

On 2 April 1773 Skottowe laid before the Council a complaint by the matross Patrick Eddrington that on 31 March, when he and Private Frederick Shaffer entered Lieutenant Lauchlan Leslie's rooms during a quarrel between Leslie and his servant, Lieutenant Richard Powell struck him until his mouth bled and caned him from the old church to the gate in the lines. Shaffer, Corporal James White and Private William Tucker confirmed the blows; Leslie, who admitted ordering the soldiers grog after dining with Powell, said he had only reprimanded his servant, though White said he had been sent for to lock the servant in the bread and water house; Gurling, officer of the guard, denied taking the cane. Powell swore that Eddrington had seized his collar and admitted striking him again after he threatened to complain. The Council rejected the defence, since such an assault would have been tried as mutiny, and suspended Powell from rank and pay for six months from April, about £73. [Film No. 349–353, 404]

Personalities

Corneille had resisted in 1771 the drafting of infantry into the artillery. Hatton Walker drew corporal's pay to 6 May 1772, sergeant's to 3 June, when John Pearce replaced him, and private's thereafter. Thomas Kilock was reduced on 9 December 1771 and Benjamin Garrard promoted, Garrard was reduced in March 1772 and Kilock served the June quarter as sergeant. Captain Richardson of the Pigot sold sheep, a yawl and a slave's passage and remitted £3,000 0s 0d in May 1773. [Film No. 42, 45–47, 51, 447–448]

Conclusion

Between April 1772 and May 1773 the officers' barracks, the landing place and the Ladder Hill road were completed and labour turned to the new church, the garrison was clothed twice and reinforced from England and the ships, and the cash chest fell from £13,193 2s 5d in August 1772 to £7,936 12s 4d in March 1773, slowed by bills of exchange and store sales. [Film No. 5–465]

Film No

Page No.

OCR Transcription

Modern Interpretation and analysis

1

 

EAP 1364 St Helena

Document Name and Date

St. Helena Records 1772 - 1773

Photographer

Shelley

Date photographed

28. 07. 2022

Additional comments

2

 

Book cover

3

 

Blank page

4

 

Blank page

5

1

Island St. Helena

At a Consultation held on Monday the 20th day of July

1772 at the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the

18 July 1772. -

Yesterday Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Lord Holland

for England. -

The Storekeeper being Sick and not able to

attend his business, the Assistant Storekeeper this day brought in

his Collections and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter

commencing the 1st April and ending the 30 June which were -

examined, approved, and are as follow viz. -

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 20 July 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Deputy Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 18 July 1772. The Company's ship Lord Holland sailed for England on 19 July 1772.

The storekeeper was still ill and unable to attend to his work. The assistant storekeeper therefore brought in the record of sales, and the paymaster presented his accounts, for the quarter from 1 April to 30 June 1772. The Board examined and approved them. The accounts follow below.

6

2

20th July

Collection of Goods Sold and Delivered out of the

Honorable Companys Ware Houses from the 1st April to the 30 June

1772 viz. -

Sold at 10 p Cent

Sugar and Candy viz.

lb 6736 Sugar

101 . 12 . 8

3061 Candy

59 . 8

160 . 13 . 4

Flour viz.

lb 3781

47 . 10 . 2

C. qr. lb 442 . 2 . 16 Baked

415

462 . 10 . 2

Rice & Paddy viz.

C. qr. lb 67 . 1 . 24 Rice

34 . 17 . 10

13 . 3 . 18 Paddy

3 . 4 . 9

38 . 2 . 7

Candles lb 549

69 . 4

Salt 38 Bushels

5 . 18 . 9

Pepper lb 38

1 . 1 . 5

Cordage lb 409

7 . 13 . 5

Blankets 9

3 . 5

Arrack 26½ Gallons

6 . 12 . 6

Twine viz.

29 lb Twine

19 . 4

10 Cotton Wick

1 . 5

2 . 4 . 4

Sope lb 823½

24 . 4

Pease 3¼ Bushels

17 . 10

Hats viz.

9 Boys Hats

3 . 9

3 Mens Fine

2 . 17 . 9

5 . 18 . 6

Lead viz.

lb 73 Sheet

1 . 2 . 5

21 Small Shot

4 . 10

1 . 7 . 3

Carried Over

£ 789 . 4 . 10

The goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses between 1 April and 30 June 1772 were as follows.

Sold at 10 per cent above cost:

Sugar, 6,736 lb, £101 12s 8d

Sugar candy, 3,061 lb, £59 0s 8d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £160 13s 4d

Flour, 3,781 lb, £47 10s 2d

Flour issued as baked bread, 442 cwt 2 qr 16 lb, £415 0s 0d

Flour, total, £462 10s 2d

Rice, 67 cwt 1 qr 24 lb, £34 17s 10d

Paddy, 13 cwt 3 qr 18 lb, £3 4s 9d

Rice and paddy, total, £38 2s 7d

Candles, 549 lb, £69 4s 0d

Salt, 38 bushels, £5 18s 9d

Pepper, 53 lb, £1 1s 5d

Rope, 409 lb, £7 13s 5d

Blankets, 9, £3 0s 5d

Arrack, 26½ gallons, £6 12s 6d

Twine, 24 skeins, £0 19s 4d

Cotton wick, 10 lb, £1 5s 0d

Twine and wick, total, £2 4s 4d

Soap, 823½ lb, £24 0s 4d

Peas, 3¾ bushels, £0 17s 10d

Boys' hats, 9, £3 0s 9d

Men's fine hats, 8, £2 17s 9d

Hats, total, £5 18s 6d

Sheet lead, 73 lb, £1 2s 5d

Small shot, 21 lb, £0 4s 10d

Lead, total, £1 7s 3d

Carried forward, £789 4s 10d

Interpretations

The account no longer separated sales to the Company's servants from sales to the planters. Under the Court's order published on 16 April 1772, every inhabitant now bought at 10 per cent above cost, so a single list served for all buyers. Sugar sales recovered strongly, 6,736 lb against 442 lb in the quarter before, once the five China ships had landed their 105 chests. Planters who had paid 40 per cent above cost for sugar a few months earlier could now buy it at the servants' rate, which helps explain the jump.

7

3

1772

Brought over

£ 789 . 4 . 11

Starch lb 18

11 . 7

Tea viz.

lb 296½ Bohea

9 . 17 . 8

27 Congo

2 . 6

471 Singlo

29 . 8 . 9

13 Cattys Hyson

4 . 18

46 . 4 . 11

Half Pence 2209

4 . 12 . 1

Iron Pots viz.

2 Iron Pots Wt. lb 37

8 . 1

2 Large Iron Kettles

2 . 6 . 1

2 . 14 . 2

Shalloon viz.

6¾ Yds. Scarlet

18 . 6¾

4 Do. Coloured

8 . 6¼

1 . 7 . 1

Coffee lb 10

9 . 2

Beef & Pork viz.

2047 Ps. Beef

204 . 14

3789 Ps. Pork

378 . 18

583 . 12

Thread viz.

lb 5 White Brown

1 . 16 . 8

9 Coloured

1 . 9 . 3

7 Oz. No. 30

17 . 6

12 Do. 31

1 . 1

19 Do. 32

1 . 6 . 11

6 . 11 . 4

Canvas viz.

15½ Yds. Eng. Canvas

17 . 2½

57 Do. Osnabrigs

2 . 9 . 10½

Do. Ticklenburgs

7

3 . 14 . 1

Leather viz.

lb 146 Sole Leather

9 . 12 . 6

1 Calf Skin

11 . 9

10 . 4 . 3

Carried over

£ 1449 . 5 . 6

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £789 4s 11d

Starch, 18 lb, £0 11s 7d

Bohea tea, 296½ lb, £9 17s 8d

Congou tea, 27 lb, £2 0s 6d

Singlo tea, 471 lb, £29 8s 9d

Hyson tea, 13 catties, £4 18s 0d

Tea, total, £46 4s 11d

Copper money, 2,209 halfpence, £4 12s 1d

Iron pots, 2, weighing 39 lb, £0 8s 1d

Large iron kettles, 2, £2 6s 1d

Iron pots, total, £2 14s 2d

Scarlet shalloon, 6¾ yards, £0 18s 6¾d

Coloured shalloon, 4 yards, £0 8s 6¼d

Shalloon, total, £1 7s 1d

Coffee, 10 lb, £0 9s 2d

Salt beef, 2,047 pieces, £204 14s 0d

Salt pork, 3,789 pieces, £378 18s 0d

Beef and pork, total, £583 12s 0d

White and brown thread, 5 lb, £1 16s 8d

Coloured thread, 9 lb, £1 9s 3d

Thread, number 30, 7 [...], £0 17s 6d

Thread, number 31, 12 [...], £1 1s 0d

Thread, number 32, 19 [...], £1 6s 11d

Thread, total, £6 11s 4d

English canvas, 15½ yards, £0 17s 2½d

Osnaburg canvas, 57 yards, £2 9s 10½d

Tecklenburg canvas, [...] yards, £0 7s 0d

Canvas, total, £3 14s 1d

Sole leather, 140 lb, £9 12s 6d

Calf skin, 1, £0 11s 9d

Leather, total, £10 4s 3d

Carried forward, £1,449 5s 6d

Interpretations

Singlo tea sold in far greater quantity than before, 471 lb against 27 lb in the first quarter of 1772. The British King and the Earl of Elgin had brought fresh supplies of every grade, and the Court's single 10 per cent rate brought green tea within reach of planters as well as servants. Osnaburg was a coarse, unbleached linen named after Osnabrück in Westphalia. It was cheap and hard-wearing and was used across the British colonies for slaves' clothing, sacks and working clothes.

8

4

20th July

Brought over

£ 1449 . 5 . 6

Chelloes 11 Pieces

6 . 13 . 2

Pitch & Tar viz.

lb 9 Pitch

1 . 3¾

3½ Galls. Tar

3 . 2½

lb 2 Rozin

4¾

4 . 11

Oil viz.

37 Gallons Linseed

8 . 4 . 11

25 Do. Train

4 . 15 . 10

12 Bottles Florence

1 . 15 . 3

14 . 16

Camblet 3 Yds. Dark Brown

9 . 11

Sailors Cloaths 7 Pr. Mens long Drawers

8 . 9

Earthen ware viz.

4 Milk Pans

6 . 3

14 Red Tea Pots

1 . 3 . 7

22 Cream Colour Do.

1 . 7 . 6

2 . 17 . 4

Oars viz.

5 Small

16 . 6

1 Large

6 . 10

1 . 3 . 4

Hooks & Lines viz.

950 No. 14 Hooks

9 . 8½

725 8 Do.

2 . 6 . 6¼

50 6 Do.

11

225 12 Do.

3 . 9

175 9 Do.

5 . 6¼

725 15 Do.

6 . 7

100 13 Do.

1 . 1½

12 15 Do. Large

3 . 3

165 2 Lines

2 . 12 . 6

156 3 Do.

2 . 13 . 1

3 4 Do.

1 . 3

3 Hambro Do.

4 . 6

9 Log Do.

9 . 9½

9 . 18 . 5

Carried over

£ 1485 . 17 . 4

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,449 5s 6d

Chelloes, 11 pieces, £6 13s 2d

Pitch, 9 lb, £0 1s 3¾d

Tar, 3½ gallons, £0 3s 2½d

Rosin, 3 lb, £0 0s 4¾d

Pitch and tar, total, £0 4s 11d

Linseed oil, 37 gallons, £8 4s 11d

Train oil, 25 gallons, £4 15s 10d

Florence oil, 12 bottles, £1 15s 3d

Oil, total, £14 16s 0d

Dark brown camlet, 3 yards, £0 9s 11d

Sailors' breeches and men's long drawers, 7 pairs, £0 8s 9d

Earthenware milk pans, 4, £0 6s 3d

Red teapots, 14, £1 3s 7d

Cream-coloured teapots, 22, £1 7s 6d

Earthenware, total, £2 17s 4d

Small oars, 5, £0 16s 6d

Large oar, 1, £0 6s 10d

Oars, total, £1 3s 4d

Fish hooks, size 12, 950, £0 9s 8½d

Fish hooks, size 8, 725, £2 6s 6½d

Fish hooks, size 6, 50, £0 0s 11d

Fish hooks, size 7, 225, £0 3s 9d

Fish hooks, size 9, 175, £0 5s 6½d

Fish hooks, size 14, 725, £0 6s 7d

Fish hooks, size 13, 100, £0 1s 0½d

Fish hooks, large, size 15, 12, £0 3s 3d

Fishing lines, size 2, 168, £2 12s 6d

Fishing lines, size 3, 156, £2 13s 1d

Fishing lines, size 4, 3, £0 1s 3d

Hamburg lines, 3, £0 4s 6d

Log lines, 9, £0 9s 9½d

Hooks and lines, total, £9 18s 5d

Carried forward, £1,485 17s 4d

Interpretations

The red and cream-coloured teapots that the Lord Camden landed short in April were on sale within weeks, 36 of them sold in the quarter. Cheap English earthenware met a real demand on the island, where Chinese porcelain was dearer and more easily broken. The 324 fishing lines sold in three months show how widely the islanders fished in the winter months, when fresh meat ran short and the Company's herds were spared for the ships.

9

5

1772

Brought over

£ 1485 . 17 . 4

Paint viz.

lb 22 Blue Smalts

2 . 2 . 2

½ Indico

11½

8 Bot. Blacking

4 . 6

2 Chalk

1½

45 Ven. Red mixed

1 . 2 . 6

¼ Do. Dry

2

41 W. Lead mixed

17 . 1

1½ Verdigrease

6 . 4½

9 Blue Paint

5 . 1½

184 Whiting

7 . 8

2½ Yell. Oaker dry

6¾

¼ Copperas

¾

¼ Vermillion

1 . 6¼

5 . 9

Haberdashery viz.

35 Skanes Silk

1 . 5

18 Do. Mohair

9

14½ Yds. W. Buckram

17 . 10

7½ doz Mohair Coat Buttons

2 . 9¾

3 Do. Do. Brst. Do.

1 . 1½

2½ Gro. W. Waistcoat Do.

6 . 1¾

3¼ Do. Shirt Do.

9 . 4½

7½ doz Gold Basket Coat Do.

1 . 12 . 6

8 Do. Do. Brst. Do.

17 . 4

37 Yds. Tape

1 . 3 . 1½

6 . 19

China ware viz.

12 Baking Dishes

15

6 Sallad Do.

4 . 6

3 Tureens & Dishes

1 . 1 . 7½

72 Quart Pint Cups & Saucers

1 . 4 . 7½

73 half Do. Do. & Do.

2 . 3 . 4

9 Sets Octagon Dishes & Plates

9 . 18

62 Sneakers

15 . 9

24 Bowls

18

China Ware Carried over

£ 17 . 3

Carried over

£ 1498 . 6

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,485 17s 4d

Blue smalts, 22 lb, £2 2s 2d

Indigo, ½ lb, £0 0s 11½d

Blacking, 8 papers, £0 4s 6d

Chalk, 2 lb, £0 0s 1½d

Venetian red mixed in oil, 45 lb, £1 2s 6d

Venetian red, dry, ¾ lb, £0 0s 2d

White lead mixed in oil, 41 lb, £0 17s 1d

Verdigris, 1½ lb, £0 6s 4½d

Blue paint, 2 lb, £0 5s 1½d

Whiting, 184 lb, £0 7s 8d

Yellow ochre, dry, 2½ lb, £0 0s 6¾d

Copperas, ¼ lb, £0 0s 3¾d

Vermilion, ¼ lb, £0 1s 6½d

Paint, total, £5 9s 0d

Silk, 35 skeins, £1 0s 5d

Mohair thread, 12 skeins, £0 9s 0d

White buckram, 14½ yards, £0 17s 10d

Mohair coat buttons, 7½ dozen, £0 2s 9¾d

Mohair breast buttons, 3 dozen, £0 1s 1½d

White waistcoat buttons, 2½ gross, £0 6s 1¾d

Shirt buttons, 3¾ gross, £0 9s 4½d

Gilt basket coat buttons, 7½ dozen, £1 12s 6d

Gilt basket breast buttons, 8 dozen, £0 17s 4d

Tape, 37 pieces, £1 3s 1½d

Haberdashery, total, £6 19s 0d

Baking dishes, 12, £0 15s 0d

Salad dishes, 6, £0 4s 6d

Tureens and dishes, 3, £1 1s 7½d

Quart cups and saucers, 72, £1 4s 0¾d

Half-pint cups and saucers, 73, £2 3s 4d

Oblong dishes and plates, 9 sets, £9 18s 0d

Sneakers, 63, £0 15s 9d

Bowls, 24, £0 18s 0d

China carried forward, £17 0s 3d

Carried forward, £1,498 6s 0d

Interpretations

Nine sets of oblong dishes and plates sold for almost £10, more than half the china taken in the quarter. These were the full table services the British King and the Earl of Elgin had brought from Canton. Planters and officers who could now buy at 10 per cent above cost, rather than 40, bought whole services for their own tables. Venetian red was an iron-oxide pigment from Italy used for a durable dark red paint on doors, gates and woodwork. Vermilion was a bright, costly red made from mercury sulphide, sold here in quarter pounds.

10

6

20th July

Brought over

£ 1498 . 6

China Ware brought over£ 17 . 3

36 Octagon Soop Plates

19 . 6

22 Chamber Pots

2 . 9 . 6

22 Juglets & Basons

2 . 9 . 6

3 Octagon Meat Dishes

18 . 2

23 . 16 . 11

Iron ware viz.

lb 2¾ Tinned Tacks

6 . 1

1 Wood Ax

3 . 1½

11 Blank Keys

7 . 6¾

3 Large Fryg. Pans

13 . 6

6 Spring Rat Traps

10 . 1½

1 Wire Do.

7 . 5

8 Mouse Do.

5 . 4

8 Scyth Stones

1 . 10

6 Pr. Dove Tail Hinges

4 . 1½

1 Pr. H L Do.

3 . 2½

2 Small Fryg. Pans

4 . 2½

1 Brick Lay. Trowell

1 . 6

6 Hand Hatchets

12

1 Rag Stone

4¼

1 File

6¾

3 Chest Locks

10 . 2¼

1 Iron rimd Lock wt. Brass Knobs

6 . 11¼

3 Stock Locks

9 . 7½

1 Iron Shovel

5

1 Spade

4 . 1½

2 Plane Irons

10

3 Sheets Emery Paper

4½

1 Pr. Steel Compasses

9

1 Ash Helve

9¼

1 Pr. Garden Shears

4

2 Pr. Wool Cards

4 . 4

1 Maul

11 . 6¾

1 Set Jack Wheels

7 . 5

1 doz Wood Screws

4½

Iron Ware Carried over

£ 7 . 7 . 2¾

Carried Over

£ 1522 . 2 . 11

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,498 6s 0d

China brought forward, £17 0s 3d

Octagonal soup plates, 36, £0 19s 6d

Chamber pots, 22, £2 9s 6d

Goglets and basins, 22, £2 9s 6d

Octagonal meat dishes, 8, £0 18s 2d

China, total, £23 16s 11d

Tinned tacks, 2¾ thousand, £0 6s 1d

Wood axe, 1, £0 3s 1½d

Blank keys, 11, £0 7s 6¾d

Large frying pans, 3, £0 13s 6d

Spring rat traps, 6, £0 10s 1½d

Wire rat trap, 1, £0 7s 5d

Mousetraps, 8, £0 5s 4d

Scythe stones, 8, £0 1s 10d

Dovetail hinges, 6 pairs, £0 4s 1½d

HL hinges, 1 pair, £0 3s 2½d

Small frying pans, 2, £0 4s 2½d

Bricklayer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 6d

Hand hatchets, 6, £0 12s 0d

Rag stone, 1, £0 0s 4¾d

File, 1, £0 0s 6¾d

Chest locks, 3, £0 10s 2¼d

Iron rim lock with brass knobs, 1, £0 6s 11¼d

Stock locks, 3, £0 9s 7½d

Iron shovel, 1, £0 5s 0d

Spade, 1, £0 4s 1½d

Plane irons, 2, £0 0s 10d

Emery paper, 3 sheets, £0 0s 4½d

Steel compasses, 1 pair, £0 0s 9d

Ash helve, 1, £0 0s 9½d

Garden shears, 1 pair, £0 4s 0d

Wool cards, 2 pairs, £0 4s 4d

Maul, 1, £0 11s 6¼d

Jack wheels, 1 set, £0 7s 5d

Wood screws, 1 dozen, £0 0s 4½d

Ironware carried forward, £7 7s 2¾d

Carried forward, £1,522 2s 11d

Interpretations

A rag stone was a coarse grey sandstone whetstone used to sharpen knives and tools. A helve was the wooden handle of an axe or hatchet, sold separately so that a broken handle could be replaced without buying a new head. The set of jack wheels was the clockwork gearing of a roasting jack, which turned a spit in front of the fire. A household that could already afford a jack spit could repair its mechanism from the Company's stores instead of waiting for one from England.

11

7

1772

Brought over

£ 1522 . 2 . 11

Iron Ware Brought over£ 7 . 7 . 2¾

2 Pick Axes

7 . 3½

1 Pr. Large Stilyards

9 . 11

1 Bullet Mould

2 . 4¾

2 Curry Combs & Brushes

3 . 10

1 Plast. Trowell

1 . 10

8 . 12 . 11

Nails viz.

lb 14 2

13 . 5

7 3

5 . 10

81 4

2 . 15 . 8

99 6

3 . 1 . 10

17 10

8 . 10½

11 20

4 . 9¼

6 Barracks Nails

2 . 3

3 Glaz. Brads

5 . 6

7 . 18 . 2

Tin ware viz.

1 Half Gall. Funnel

2 . 2½

8 Pudding Pans

7 . 4

12 Patty Do.

2 . 6

5 Quart Saucepans

2 . 9¼

3 Lamps

2 . 4½

3 Gall. Saucepans wt. Covers

6 . 9

1 Horn Lanthorn

3 . 10½

1 Double Sheet Tin

9

1 . 8 . 7

Turners ware viz.

5 Plast. Brushes

5 . 6¼

5 Punch Ladles

3 . 1½

5 Shoe Brushes

4 . 2

6 Buckle Do.

3 . 10½

3 Scrubing Do.

3 . 8¼

6 Paint Do.

4 . 4½

1 Tubmans Yoke

1 . 8

1 Hair Broom

2 . 10½

Turner Ware Carried over

£ 1 . 4 . 3½

Carried over

£ 1540 . 2 . 7

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,522 2s 11d

Ironware brought forward, £7 7s 2¾d

Pickaxes, 2, £0 7s 3½d

Large steelyard, 1, £0 9s 11d

Dutch hoe, 1, £0 2s 4¾d

Curry combs and brushes, 2, £0 3s 10d

Plasterer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 10d

Ironware, total, £8 12s 11d

Twopenny nails, 14 lb, £0 13s 5d

Threepenny nails, 7 lb, £0 5s 10d

Fourpenny nails, 81 lb, £2 15s 8d

Sixpenny nails, 99 lb, £3 1s 10d

Tenpenny nails, 17 lb, £0 8s 10½d

Twentypenny nails, 11 lb, £0 4s 9¼d

Barrack nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 3d

Glaziers' brads, 3 lb, £0 5s 6d

Nails, total, £7 18s 2d

Half-gallon funnel, 1, £0 2s 2½d

Pudding pans, 8, £0 7s 4d

Patty pans, 12, £0 2s 6d

Quart saucepans, 5, £0 2s 9¾d

Lamps, 3, £0 2s 4½d

Tall saucepans with covers, 3, £0 6s 9d

Horn lantern, 1, £0 3s 10½d

Double sheet tin, 1, £0 0s 9d

Tinware, total, £1 8s 7d

Plasterers' brushes, 5, £0 5s 6¼d

Punch ladles, 5, £0 3s 1½d

Shoe brushes, 5, £0 4s 2d

Buckle brushes, 6, £0 3s 10½d

Scrubbing brushes, 3, £0 3s 8¼d

Paint brushes, 6, £0 4s 4½d

Tubman's yoke, 1, £0 1s 8d

Hair broom, 1, £0 2s 10½d

Turners' wares carried forward, £1 4s 3½d

Carried forward, £1,540 2s 7d

Interpretations

A steelyard was a balance with a long arm and a sliding weight, used to weigh heavy goods such as sacks of grain or carcasses. A planter who bought one could check the weight of the meat and produce he sold to the Company, which paid by the pound. Patty pans were small tins for baking pies and tarts, and the pudding pans and tall saucepans show the same kitchens being stocked at the new lower prices.

12

8

20th July

Brought over

£ 1540 . 2 . 7

Turners Ware brought over£ 1 . 14 . 3½

2 Large Hair Sieves

2 . 11½

4 Punch Do.

2 . 5

1 Lab. Basket

1 . 4½

1 Cloth Brush

2 . 1

2 . 3 . 1

Shirts viz.

155 Soldiers Shirts

40 . 7 . 3½

1¼ Yds. Brown Holland

3 . 10½

40 . 11 . 2

Shoes viz.

333 Pr. Mens Ordy. Shoes

85 . 13 . 6¾

43 Pr. Do. Fine Do.

13 . 1 . 7

39 Pr. Do. Do. Pumps

10 . 14 . 6

2 Pr. Do. Channel Do.

13 . 2½

85 Pr. Womens Calimanco

18 . 1 . 3

2 Pr. Do. Calf

5 . 10

21 Pr. Do. Spanish Leather

4 . 9 . 3

17 Pr. Girls Calimanco

2 . 16 . 8

11 Pr. Do. Calf

1 . 4 . 9

40 Pr. Boys Shoes

7 . 14 . ½

144 . 14 . 8

Cutlery viz.

20 Pr. Leather Garters

15

15 Buckling Combs

5

1 Pruning Knife

1 . 4

1 Shoe Do.

5

1 . 1 . 9

Broad Cloth viz.

4½ Yds. Scarlet

4 . 12 . 5¼

4½ Do. Parsons Grey

4 . 11 . 8¼

3½ Do. Green

3 . 9 . 10½

12 . 14

Hosiers ware viz.

152 Pr. Ordy. Thd. Stockings

23 . 15

4 Pr. Black Velvet Breeches

2 . 8 . 8

5 Pr. Mens Black Silk Stockings

4 . 10 . 10

Hosiers Ware Carried over

£ 30 . 14 . 6

Carried over

£ 1741 . 7 . 3

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,540 2s 7d

Turners' wares brought forward, £1 14s 3¼d

Large hair sieves, 2, £0 2s 11½d

Punch sieves, 4, £0 2s 5d

Labourers' basket, 1, £0 1s 4½d

Clothes brush, 1, £0 2s 1d

Turners' wares, total, £2 3s 1d

Soldiers' shirts, 155, £40 7s 3½d

Brown holland, 1¾ yards, £0 3s 10½d

Shirts and linen, total, £40 11s 2d

Men's ordinary shoes, 333 pairs, £85 13s 6¾d

Men's fine shoes, 43 pairs, £13 1s 7d

Men's pumps, 39 pairs, £10 14s 6d

Men's channel pumps, 2 pairs, £0 13s 2½d

Women's calamanco shoes, 85 pairs, £18 1s 3d

Women's calf leather shoes, 2 pairs, £0 5s 10d

Women's Spanish leather shoes, 21 pairs, £4 9s 3d

Girls' calamanco shoes, 17 pairs, £2 16s 8d

Girls' calf leather shoes, 11 pairs, £1 4s 9d

Boys' shoes, 40 pairs, £7 14s 0¾d

Shoes, total, £144 14s 8d

Leather garters, 20 pairs, £0 15s 0d

Buckling combs, 15, £0 5s 0d

Pruning knife, 1, £0 1s 4d

Shoemaker's knife, 1, £0 0s 5d

Cutlery, total, £1 1s 9d

Scarlet broadcloth, 4½ yards, £4 12s 5¼d

Parson's grey broadcloth, 4½ yards, £4 11s 8¼d

Green broadcloth, 3½ yards, £3 9s 10½d

Broadcloth, total, £12 14s 0d

Men's ordinary thread stockings, 152 pairs, £23 15s 0d

Black worsted breeches, 4 pairs, £2 8s 8d

Men's black silk stockings, 5 pairs, £4 10s 10d

Hosiery carried forward, £30 14s 6d

Carried forward, £1,741 7s 3d

Interpretations

The shoe sales show who was now buying from the Company's stores. In the last quarter of 1771, when only servants paid the 10 per cent rate, almost every pair sold was a man's ordinary shoe, with a handful of finer pairs. This quarter the store sold 85 pairs of women's calamanco shoes, 21 of Spanish leather, 28 pairs for girls and 40 for boys. Once the Court's order put planters on the same terms as servants, planter families came to the warehouse for their footwear. Women's and children's shoes made up almost a quarter of the shoe sales.

13

9

1772

Brought over

£ 1741 . 7 . 3

Hosiers Ware Brought over£ 30 . 14 . 6

1 Pr. Mens Brown Thd. Stockings

7 . 11

7 Pr. Boys Do.

15 . 2½

3 Pr. Mens Wove Do.

11 . 10½

12 Pr. Do. India Cotton Do.

4 . 15

37 . 4 . 6

Glass ware viz.

73 Wine Glasses

1 . 17 . 11

7 Beer Do.

7

12 Water Glasses

8 . 9

7 Pint Decanters

13 . 8½

6 Quart Do.

15 . 6

1 Sqr. 10 by 12

1 . 1¼

28 Do. 8 by 10

16 . 11

3 Tumblers

3 . ¼

5 . 3 . 11

Braziers ware viz.

1 Pr. Low Royal Candlesticks

10 . 11

1 Three Quart Tea Kettle

13 . 7

1 Four Do. Do.

18 . 6

2 . 3

Deals viz.

2 Single Deals

4 . 2

1 Double Do.

3 . 9

7 . 11

Serge viz.

1¼ Ps. Fustian

2 . 6 . 5¼

1½ Yds. Scarlet Serge

9 . 6½

½ Yd. Green Do.

2 . 7¼

2 . 18 . 7

Saddles 1

5 . 8 . 2

£ 1794 . 13 . 4

The record of goods sold concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £1,741 7s 3d

Hosiery brought forward, £30 14s 6d

Men's brown thread stockings, 1 pair, £0 7s 11d

Boys' thread stockings, 7 pairs, £0 15s 2½d

Men's worsted stockings, 3 pairs, £0 11s 10½d

Men's India cotton stockings, 12 pairs, £4 15s 0d

Hosiery, total, £37 4s 6d

Wine glasses, 73, £1 17s 11d

Beer glasses, 7, £0 7s 0d

Water glasses, 12, £0 8s 9d

Pint decanters, 7, £0 13s 8½d

Quart decanters, 6, £0 15s 6d

Pane of glass, 10 by 12 inches, 1, £0 1s 1¼d

Panes of glass, 8 by 10 inches, 28, £0 16s 11d

Tumblers, 3, £0 3s 0¼d

Glassware, total, £5 3s 11d

Royal candlesticks, 1 pair, £0 10s 11d

Three-quart tea kettle, 1, £0 13s 7d

Four-quart tea kettle, 1, £0 18s 6d

Brass and copper wares, total, £2 3s 0d

Single deals, 2, £0 4s 2d

Double deal, 1, £0 3s 9d

Deals, total, £0 7s 11d

Fustian, 1⅝ pieces, £2 6s 5¼d

Scarlet serge, 1½ yards, £0 9s 6½d

Green serge, ½ yard, £0 2s 7¼d

Serge and fustian, total, £2 18s 7d

Saddle, 1, £5 8s 2d

Total sold, £1,794 13s 4d

Interpretations

Sales for the quarter came to £1,794 13s 4d, close to the £1,774 12s 0d of the first three months of 1772 and well below the £2,433 17s 3d of the last quarter of 1771. Planters now bought at 10 per cent above cost instead of 25 or 40, so each item brought the Company less margin, while new buyers bought more of it. The Court in London gave up some profit on the island's sales in return for cheaper goods for everyone. The account shows the result in the women's shoes, the china services, the decanters and wine glasses, all signs of planter households furnishing their homes on the new terms.

14

10

20th July

Sold at 40 p Cent

Sugar & Candy viz.

lb 220 Sugar

4 . 15 . 5

18 Candy

10 . 6

5 . 5 . 11

Flour lb 138

1 . 14 . 6

Rice lb 16

2 . 3

Oil 1 Gall. Linseed

5 . 8

Cordage lb 13½

6

Candles lb 11

1 . 14 . 10

Pepper lb 16

12

Tar 1 Barrel

1 . 11 . 6

Salt ¾ Bushel

2

Tea lb 11 Bohea

11 . 3

Canvas 4½ Yds. English

6 . 9

Nails viz.

lb 1 2

1 . 3

8 4

7

3 6

2 . 5¼

3 10

2 . 1¾

12 . 10

Hooks & Lines viz.

25 No. 8 Hooks

2 . 7½

100 14 Do.

1 . 4

6 3 Lines

2 . 6½

6 4 Do.

3 . 2¼

2 Deep Sea Do.

14

1 . 3 . 2

Paint viz.

lb 1 Blue Smalts

2 . 5¼

28 W. Lead Dry

14

1½ Verdigrease

9 . 9½

20 Red Lead

8 . 4

6 Bot. Blacking

4 . 5

1 . 19

Iron ware viz.

1 Brass Closet Lock

1 . 9¾

1 lb Tinned Tacks

2 . 10

75 Sail Needles

7 . 9¼

18 . 5

Carried over

£ 17 . 6 . 6

The goods sold at 40 per cent above cost in the same quarter were as follows.

Sugar, 220 lb, £4 15s 5d

Sugar candy, 18 lb, £0 10s 6d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £5 5s 11d

Flour, 138 lb, £1 14s 6d

Rice, 10 lb, £0 2s 3d

Linseed oil, 1 gallon, £0 5s 8d

Rope, 13½ lb, £0 6s 0d

Candles, 11 lb, £1 14s 10d

Pepper, 10 lb, £0 12s 0d

Tar, 1 barrel, £1 11s 6d

Salt, ½ bushel, £0 2s 0d

Bohea tea, 11 lb, £0 11s 3d

English canvas, 4½ yards, £0 6s 9d

Twopenny nails, 1 lb, £0 1s 3d

Fourpenny nails, 8 lb, £0 7s 0d

Sixpenny nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 5¼d

Tenpenny nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 1¾d

Nails, total, £0 12s 10d

Fish hooks, size 8, 25, £0 2s 0½d

Fish hooks, size 14, 100, £0 1s 4d

Fishing lines, size 3, 6, £0 2s 6¼d

Fishing lines, size 4, 6, £0 3s 2¾d

Deep-sea lines, 2, £0 14s 0d

Hooks and lines, total, £1 3s 2d

Blue smalts, 1 lb, £0 2s 5¼d

White lead, dry, 28 lb, £0 14s 0d

Verdigris, 1½ lb, £0 9s 9¾d

Red lead, 20 lb, £0 8s 4d

Blacking, 6 papers, £0 4s 5d

Paint, total, £1 19s 0d

Brass closet lock, 1, £0 1s 9½d

Tinned tacks, 1 thousand, £0 2s 10d

Sail needles, 75, £0 7s 9½d

Ironware, total, £0 18s 5d

Carried forward, £17 6s 6d

Interpretations

These sales at the old 40 per cent rate were made in the first fortnight of April 1772, before the Council published the Court's order on 16 April. The planters' purchases at that rate came to only about £17, against nearly £1,800 sold at 10 per cent across the quarter. The difference shows how quickly buying shifted once the planters could get the servants' price.

15

11

1772

Brought over

£ 17 . 6 . 6

Glass ware 1 Sqr. 11 by 17½

2 . 2

Shoes 2 Pr. Mens Ordy.

13 . 2

Turners ware viz.

4 Mops

7 . ½

1 Punch Ladle

9½

7 . 10

Sold at 50 p Cent

Tar 1 Barrel

1 . 13 . 9

Bunting 8 Yds. Red

8 . 8

£ 20 . 12 . 1

Sold to the Honble. Companys Ships from the 1st April to the 30th

June 1772.

Pitch & Tar viz.

16 Barls. Pitch

26 . 16

12 Do. Tar

18 . 18

lb 413 Turpentine

8 . 3 . 6

53 . 17 . 6

Hooks viz.

200 No. 14

2 . 8

25 6

2 . 10

25 8

2 . 1

25 12

7

25 13

4

10 Very Large

3 . 2

11 . 8

Paint viz.

lb 67 Yell. Oaker dry

18 . 2½

90 B. Blacking

3 . 7 . 6

4¾ Vermillion

1 . 17 . 2

2 Prussian Blue

2 . 15 . 10

90 W. Lead Dry

2 . 5

167 Red Lead

2 . 14 . 11½

5 Verdigrease

1 . 12 . 6

26 Ven. Red dry

7 . 7

15 . 18

Carried over

£ 70 . 7 . 2

The record of goods sold at the higher rates concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £17 6s 6d

Pane of glass, 11 by 17½ inches, 1, £0 2s 2d

Men's ordinary shoes, 2 pairs, £0 13s 2d

Mops, 4, £0 7s 0¼d

Punch ladle, 1, £0 0s 9¾d

Turners' wares, total, £0 7s 10d

Sold at 50 per cent above cost:

Tar, 1 barrel, £1 13s 9d

Red bunting, 8 yards, £0 8s 8d

Total sold at 40 and 50 per cent, £20 12s 1d

The goods sold to the Company's ships between 1 April and 30 June 1772 began as follows.

Pitch, 16 barrels, £26 16s 0d

Tar, 12 barrels, £18 18s 0d

Turpentine, 413 lb, £8 3s 6d

Pitch and tar, total, £53 17s 6d

Fish hooks, size 14, 200, £0 2s 8d

Fish hooks, size 6, 25, £0 2s 10d

Fish hooks, size 8, 25, £0 2s 1d

Fish hooks, size 12, 25, £0 0s 7d

Fish hooks, size 13, 25, £0 0s 4d

Fish hooks, very large, 10, £0 3s 2d

Fish hooks, total, £0 11s 8d

Yellow ochre, dry, 67 lb, £0 18s 2½d

Blacking, 90 papers, £3 7s 6d

Vermilion, 4¾ lb, £1 17s 2d

Prussian blue, 2 lb, £2 15s 0d

White lead, dry, 90 lb, £2 5s 0d

Red lead, 167 lb, £2 14s 1½d

Verdigris, 5 lb, £1 12s 6d

Venetian red, dry, 26 lb, £0 7s 7d

Paint, total, £15 18s 0d

Carried forward, £70 7s 2d

Interpretations

The homeward ships of the season bought pitch, tar and turpentine in quantity, 28 barrels in all, to caulk and coat their hulls and rigging before the last leg to England. They also bought paint, including vermilion and Prussian blue, to smarten the ships before they came into the Thames. Prussian blue was a man-made pigment first produced in Berlin early in the century. It cost more than 27s a pound here, among the dearest goods the stores held. The sales to ships in this quarter were far larger than the £13 9s 11d of the quarter before, because the main homeward fleet passed between April and June.

16

12

20th July

Brought over

£ 70 . 7 . 2

Twine 362 Skanes

15 . 14 . 11

Cordage lb 3095

74 . 3

Nails viz.

lb 28 40

35 10

27 6

22 4

8 3

12 20

15 Scupper

15 Coopers Rivets

2 Dog Nails

½ Glaz. Brads

6 . 1

Iron ware viz.

150 Sail Needles

15 . 9

56 Bolt Rope Do.

10 . 8

1 . 6 . 5

Tin ware viz.

5 Double Sheets Tin

5

15 Lanthorn Leaves

4 . 1

9 . 1

Coals C. qr. 2 . 14

7 . 10 . 6

Oil viz.

68 Galls. Linseed

19 . 9 . 6

6 Do. Train

1 . 9 . 6

20 . 19

Canvas viz.

Ps. 1 . 10 English

3 . 8 . 1

120 Yds. Cambrigs

6 . 15

10 . 3 . 1

Bunting 8 Yds. Red

7 . 10

Turners ware viz.

4 Birch Brooms

2 . 4

15 Paint Brushes

13 . 11

3 Mops

5 . 3

£ 208 . 4 . 1

The record of goods sold to the Company's ships concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £70 7s 2d

Twine, 362 skeins, £15 14s 11d

Rope, 3,095 lb, £74 3s 7d

Fortypenny nails, 28 lb

Tenpenny nails, 35 lb

Sixpenny nails, 21 lb

Fourpenny nails, 22 lb

Threepenny nails, 8 lb

Twentypenny nails, 12 lb

Spikes, 15 lb

Coopers' rivets, 15

Dog nails, 2 lb

Glaziers' brads, ½ lb

Nails, total, £6 1s 0d

Sail needles, 150, £0 15s 9d

Bolt-rope needles, 56, £0 10s 8d

Ironware, total, £1 6s 5d

Double sheets of tin, 5, £0 5s 0d

Lantern leaves, 15, £0 4s 1d

Tinware, total, £0 9s 1d

Coal, 2 chaldrons 14 bushels, £7 10s 6d

Linseed oil, 68 gallons, £19 9s 6d

Train oil, 6 gallons, £1 9s 6d

Oil, total, £20 19s 0d

English canvas, 1 bolt 10 yards, £3 8s 1d

Osnaburg canvas, 120 yards, £6 15s 0d

Canvas, total, £10 3s 1d

Red bunting, 8 yards, £0 7s 10d

Birch brooms, 4, £0 2s 4d

Paint brushes, 15, £0 13s 11d

Mops, 3, £0 5s 3d

Total sold to the Company's ships, £208 4s 1d

The next heading, Charges, begins at the foot of the page.

Interpretations

The homeward fleet bought more than 3,000 lb of rope from the island's stores, worth over £74, the largest single item sold to the ships in the season. Rigging wore through on the long passage from Canton and Bengal, and a ship facing the Atlantic leg home had to replace frayed running rigging before she sailed. Bolt-rope needles were heavy needles used to sew the edges of a sail to its bolt rope, the rope sewn round a sail to strengthen it. Lantern leaves were the thin horn panes of a ship's lanterns, which cracked and clouded with use and were replaced one by one. St Helena's warehouse served as a chandlery for the whole Company fleet as well as a shop for the garrison.

17

13

1772

Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued

from the 1st April to the 30th June 1772. -

Candy lb 56 for the Groom & Gardener

1 . 3 . 4

Arrack 62½ Galls. for Men employed in y. Stores

9 . 7 . 6

Twine 6 Skanes for y. Castle & Stores

3 . 8

Starch lb 8 for Linnen

4 . 8

Coals 80 Bushels Arm. Shop

5

Cordage lb 286 Store use & Crane Ropes

4 . 15 . 4

Candles viz.

lb 335 Castle

220 Council

30 Chaplain

25 Doct. Shop

610

69 . 17 . 11

Iron ware viz.

2 Blank Keys

1 . 3

3 Rag Stones

1 . 1

6 Trying Planes

1 . 10

1 Rising Smoothing Do.

5

1 Set Chalk. Irons

8

12 Socket Forg. Chisels

7 . 8

12 Heading Do.

7 . 8

24 Firmer Do.

8 . 9

12 two feet Rules

12

24 Black Lead Pencils

9 . 10

96 Files

2 . 16

72 Double Worm Gimblets

11 . 6

24 Spike Do.

8 . 10

12 Claw Hammers

17 . 8

1 Turkey Oil Stone

7 . 8

for the Carpent. Shop

6 Rubber Files

1 . 15

6 Sheets Emery Paper

10

15 Ash Helves

10 . 4

3 Hand Hatchets

5 . 3½

1 Coopers Jointer

6 . 5

37 Rod Irons

11 . 10½

1 Iron Maul

4 . 6¾

Smiths Shop

Iron Ware Carried over

£ 12 . 15 . 7½

Carried over

£ 90 . 12 . 5

The stores issued for the Company's own use between 1 April and 30 June 1772, and charged to general expenses, began as follows.

Sugar candy for the groom and the gardener, 56 lb, £1 3s 4d

Arrack for the men working in the stores, 62½ gallons, £9 7s 6d

Twine for the Castle and the storehouse, 6 skeins, £0 3s 8d

Starch for the linen, 8 lb, £0 4s 8d

Coal for the armourers' shop, 80 bushels, £5 0s 0d

Rope for new crane ropes, 286 lb, £4 15s 4d

Candles for the Castle, 335 lb

Candles for the Council, 220 lb

Candles for the chaplain, 30 lb

Candles for the doctor's shop, 25 lb

Candles, total, 610 lb, £69 17s 11d

Blank keys for the carpenters' shop, 2, £0 1s 3d

Rag stones for the carpenters' shop, 3, £0 1s 1d

Trying planes for the carpenters' shop, 6, £1 0s 10d

Jack smoothing plane for the carpenters' shop, 1, £0 5s 0d

Chalk-line irons for the carpenters' shop, 1 set, £0 8s 0d

Socket firmer chisels for the carpenters' shop, 12, £0 7s 8d

Heading chisels for the carpenters' shop, 12, £0 7s 8d

Scribers for the carpenters' shop, 24, £0 8s 2d

Two-foot rules for the carpenters' shop, 12, £0 12s 0d

Black lead pencils for the carpenters' shop, 24, £0 2s 10d

Files for the carpenters' shop, 96, £2 16s 0d

Double worm gimlets for the carpenters' shop, 72, £0 11s 6d

Spike gimlets for the carpenters' shop, 24, £0 8s 10d

Claw hammers for the carpenters' shop, 12, £0 17s 8d

Turkey oilstone for the carpenters' shop, 1, £0 7s 8d

Rubber files for the smiths' shop, 6, £1 15s 0d

Emery paper for the smiths' shop, 6 sheets, £0 0s 10d

Ash helves for the smiths' shop, 15, £0 10s 4d

Hand hatchets for the smiths' shop, 3, £0 5s 3½d

Cooper's jointer for the smiths' shop, 1, £0 6s 5d

Rod irons for the smiths' shop, 37, £0 11s 10½d

Iron maul for the smiths' shop, 1, £0 4s 6½d

Ironware carried forward, £12 15s 7½d

Carried forward, £90 12s 5d

Interpretations

The arrack issued to the men working in the stores doubled to 62½ gallons, from 31 in the first quarter of 1772. Between April and June the storehouse received the cargoes of a dozen ships, rice, sugar, tea, china, arrack and salt meat, all carried up from the landing and weighed in. The spirit allowance rose with the labour. The candles for the Castle and the Council also rose, to 555 lb from 334, as the Governor and Council met two and three times a week and entertained commanders in the evenings.

The carpenters' shop was refitted with a full set of new tools, from planes and chisels to 96 files and 72 gimlets. The Lord Camden had probably brought them from England, and their issue matched the heavy timber work on the officers' barracks. A Turkey oilstone was a fine, hard whetstone from Asia Minor, used to put the final edge on chisels and plane irons.

18

14

20th July

Brought over

£ 90 . 12 . 5

Iron Ware Brought over£ 12 . 15 . 7½

1 Spade

3 . 9

2 Pick Axes

7

Smiths Shop

1 Iron Chest Store use

5 . 12 . 2

2 Steel Drivers

3 . 4

3 Coopers Vices

1 . 9

1 Axletree & Winch

3 . 6

1 Joiners Oil Stone

2 . 8¾

Coopers Shop

2 Bitts for Bracing Stocks

8

19 . 12 . 6

Sope lb 50 for Linnen

1 . 9 . 2

Grindstones viz.

1 Small

2 . 7

1 Large

1 . 13

for the Coopers and Carpentr. Shops

1 . 15 . 7

Chelloes 2 Ps. for the Castle

1 . 2

Tea lb 6 Bohea for the Groom & Gard.

4 . 3

Paint viz.

lb 4 Blue Smalts for Linnen

6 . 11

20 Chalk Coopers use

10

5 Indigo for Linnen

8 . 8

16 . 5

Oil viz.

25¾ G. Train Castle & Council

4 . 6 . 1½

1 Bottle Florence Smiths Shop

2 . 8½

4 . 8 . 10

Deals viz.

1 Wainscot Board

6 . 7½

1 Double Deal

3 . 4½

Bake House

10

Tin ware viz.

1 Small Lamp

8½

1 Horn Lanthorn

4 . 2½

4 Quart Saucepans

2

24 Patty Pans

4 . 6

Castle

11 . 5

Carried over

£ 121 . 9 . 7

The stores issued for the Company's own use continued as follows.

Brought forward, £90 12s 5d

Ironware brought forward, £12 15s 7½d

Spade for the smiths' shop, 1, £0 3s 9d

Pickaxes for the smiths' shop, 2, £0 7s 0d

Iron chest for the storehouse, 1, £5 12s 2d

Steel drivers for the coopers' shop, 2, £0 3s 4d

Coopers' vices for the coopers' shop, 3, £0 1s 9d

Axletree and winch for the coopers' shop, 1, £0 3s 6d

Joiner's oilstone for the coopers' shop, 1, £0 2s 8¾d

Bits for [...], 2, £0 0s 8d

Ironware, total, £19 12s 6d

Soap for washing linen, 50 lb, £1 9s 2d

Small grindstone for the coopers' and carpenters' shops, 1, £0 2s 7d

Large grindstone for the coopers' and carpenters' shops, 1, £1 13s 0d

Grindstones, total, £1 15s 7d

Chelloes for the Castle, 2 pieces, £1 2s 0d

Bohea tea for the groom and the gardener, 6 lb, £0 4s 3d

Blue smalts for the linen, 4 lb, £0 6s 11d

Chalk for the coopers' use, 20 lb, £0 0s 10d

Indigo for the linen, 5 lb, £0 8s 8d

Paint, total, £0 16s 5d

Train oil for the Castle and the Council, 25⅜ gallons, £4 6s 1½d

Florence oil for the smiths' shop, 1 bottle, £0 2s 8½d

Oil, total, £4 8s 10d

Wainscot board for the bakehouse, 1, £0 6s 7½d

Double deal for the bakehouse, 1, £0 3s 4½d

Timber, total, £0 10s 0d

Small lamp for the Castle, 1, £0 0s 8½d

Horn lantern for the Castle, 1, £0 4s 2½d

Quart saucepans for the Castle, 4, £0 2s 0d

Patty pans for the Castle, 24, £0 4s 6d

Tinware, total, £0 11s 5d

Carried forward, £121 9s 7d

Interpretations

The iron chest for the storehouse cost £5 12s 2d, more than all the other tools on the page together. It was a strongbox for keeping cash, accounts and small valuable goods secure. With the storekeeper ill and his assistant handling a season's receipts, the Company had reason to tighten the security of the stores. Wainscot was imported oak board, dearer and harder-wearing than deal. Its use in the bakehouse, together with the new inspector of bread, points to the bakery being refitted after William Jenkins was dismissed in March.

19

15

1772

Brought over

£ 121 . 2 . 7

Canvas viz.

12½ Yds. Osnabrigs

9 . 10¾

7½ Do. Eng. Canvas

7 . 11¼

for Packets

17 . 10

Braziers ware viz.

1 Large Copper Boilg. Pot

2 . 12 . 7

1 Three Gall. Copper Saucepan

1 . 7

1 Two Do. Do.

1 . 10

2 One Do. Do.

1 . 1 . 9

1 Brass Skimmer

14 . 4

Castle

6 . 16 . 6

Glass ware viz.

24 Water Glasses

15 . 3

48 Wine Do.

1 . 1 . 2

3 Quart Decanters

7

6 Tumblers

4

6 Beer Glasses

5 . 7

Castle

2 . 13

Thread viz.

8 Oz. No. 30

17 . 8

1 31

1 . 1½

8 32

10

1 Coloured

3 . 1

½ White Brown

3 . 3¾

Do.

1 . 15 . 7

Sheets 2 Ps. Irish Linnen Do.

3 . 1 . 4

Turners ware viz.

4 Mops

17 . 8

7 Scrubg. Brushes

1 . 2¼

6 Lab. Baskets

7 . 4½

6 Punch Ladles

3 . 4½

6 Sieves for Punch

3 . 3¾

Do.

2 . 11 . 9

Bunting viz.

1 Yard White

6

1½ Do. Red

1 . 2

for straining Glue for the Carpenters

1 . 8

Carried over

£ 139 . 3

The stores issued for the Company's own use continued as follows.

Brought forward, £121 2s 7d

Osnaburg canvas for the packets, 12½ yards, £0 9s 10½d

English canvas for the packets, 7½ yards, £0 7s 11½d

Canvas, total, £0 17s 10d

Large copper boiling pot for the Castle, 1, £2 12s 7d

Three-gallon copper saucepan for the Castle, 1, £1 7s 0d

Two-gallon copper saucepan for the Castle, 1, £1 0s 10d

One-gallon copper saucepans for the Castle, 2, £1 1s 9d

Brass skimmer for the Castle, 1, £0 14s 4d

Brass and copper wares, total, £6 16s 6d

Water glasses for the Castle, 24, £0 15s 3d

Wine glasses for the Castle, 48, £1 1s 2d

Quart decanters for the Castle, 3, £0 7s 0d

Tumblers for the Castle, 6, £0 4s 0d

Beer glasses for the Castle, 6, £0 5s 7d

Glassware, total, £2 13s 0d

Thread, number 30, for the Castle, 8 [...], £0 17s 8d

Thread, number 31, for the Castle, 1 [...], £0 1s 1½d

Thread, number 32, for the Castle, 8 [...], £0 10s 0d

Coloured thread for the Castle, 1 lb, £0 3s 1d

White and brown thread for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 3s 3¾d

Thread, total, £1 15s 7d

Irish linen for sheets for the Castle, 2 pieces, £3 1s 4d

Mops for the Castle, 4, £0 17s 8d

Scrubbing brushes for the Castle, 7, £1 0s 2¼d

Labourers' baskets for the Castle, 6, £0 7s 4½d

Punch ladles for the Castle, 6, £0 3s 4½d

Punch sieves for the Castle, 6, £0 3s 3¾d

Turners' wares, total, £2 11s 9d

White bunting for straining glue for the carpenters, 1 yard, £0 0s 6d

Red bunting for the same, 1⅝ yards, £0 1s 2d

Bunting, total, £0 1s 8d

Carried forward, £139 0s 3d

Interpretations

The Castle's kitchen and table were restocked on a large scale in this quarter, with a new copper boiling pot and saucepans, 48 wine glasses, decanters, six punch ladles and six punch sieves. The Governor had entertained the commanders and passengers of more than 30 ships and a French warship's officers since February, and breakages at the table had to be made good. Punch was the standard drink at such gatherings, mixed from arrack, sugar, lemons and water. The sieves strained the lemon pulp and seeds from the bowl before it was served.

20

16

20th July

Brought over

£ 139 . 3

Nails viz.

lb 1 6 Store use

6¾

10 2 Do. & Coopers Shop

8 . 6½

6 Coopers Rivets Do.

8 . 3

1 Glaz. Brads for Pack. Boxes

1 . 8¾

14 . 1

Iron & Steel viz.

lb 119 Steel

1 . 19 . 8

82 Iron

13 . 8

Arm. Shop

2 . 13 . 4

Lead viz.

6 Shot

1 . 3

9 Sheet Lead

1 . 11

Castle

3 . 2

Haberdashery 2 Sks. Silk for Fishg.

1

Lines viz.

54 No. 3

14 . 3½

6 4

2 . 3½

Do.

16 . 7

Hooks viz.

50 No. 8

2 . 11

50 9

1 . 5½

50 14

5½

125 15

1 . 1

Do.

5 . 11

£ 143 . 14 . 4

Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1st April to the 30 June 1772

Iron ware viz.

2 doz Wood Screws

8

1 Blank Key

7½

1 Ash Helve

8¾

1 Plast. Trowel

4 . 8½

1 Small Fryg. Pan

1 . 11¼

for repairg. the Lieut. Govr. House

8 . 8

Carried over

£ 8 . 8

The stores issued for the Company's own use concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £139 0s 3d

Sixpenny nails for the stores, 1 lb, £0 0s 6¾d

Twopenny nails for the stores and the coopers' shop, 10 lb, £0 8s 6½d

Coopers' rivets for the same, 6, £0 8s 3d

Glaziers' brads for packet boxes, 1 lb, £0 1s 8¾d

Nails, total, £0 19s 1d

Steel for the armourers' shop, 119 lb, £1 19s 8d

Iron for the armourers' shop, 82 lb, £0 13s 8d

Iron and steel, total, £2 13s 4d

Small shot for the Castle, 6 lb, £0 1s 3d

Sheet lead for the Castle, 9 lb, £0 1s 11d

Lead, total, £0 3s 2d

Silk for the fishermen, 2 skeins, £0 1s 0d

Fishing lines, size 3, for the fishermen, 54, £0 14s 3½d

Fishing lines, size 4, for the fishermen, 6, £0 2s 3½d

Lines, total, £0 16s 7d

Fish hooks, size 8, for the fishermen, 50, £0 2s 11d

Fish hooks, size 9, for the fishermen, 50, £0 1s 5½d

Fish hooks, size 14, for the fishermen, 50, £0 0s 5½d

Fish hooks, size 15, for the fishermen, 125, £0 1s 1d

Fish hooks, total, £0 5s 11d

Total charged to general expenses, £143 14s 4d

The stores issued for repairs between 1 April and 30 June 1772 began as follows.

Wood screws for repairing the Lieutenant Governor's house, 2 dozen, £0 0s 8d

Blank key for the same, 1, £0 0s 7½d

Ash helve for the same, 1, £0 0s 8¾d

Plasterer's trowel for the same, 1, £0 4s 8½d

Small frying pan for the same, 1, £0 1s 11¼d

Ironware, total, £0 8s 8d

Carried forward, £0 8s 8d

Interpretations

General charges for the quarter came to £143 14s 4d, against £93 15s 9d in the first three months of 1772. Most of the rise came from the Castle's candles, crockery, glass and kitchen wares during the busiest months of shipping, and from fitting out the carpenters' and armourers' shops with new tools. The repairs to the Lieutenant Governor's house were the alteration the Council approved on 27 April 1772, when Corneille asked to turn his kitchen into a bedroom and build a small cookhouse at the Company's expense.

21

17

1772

Brought over

8 . 8

Lines viz.

2 No. 4 Lines

9

1 Knot Lash

1 . 4

Castle

2 . 1

Paint viz.

1 oz. Prussian Blue

1 . 5

10 Whiting

4½

20 W. Lead mixed

8 . 9½

Do.

10 . 7

Oil 2 Galls. Linseed Do.

8 . 2

Glass ware 1 Sqr. 11 by 17½ Do.

1 . 6

Lead 203 Sheet Do.

3 . 2 . 1

Cordage lb Do.

5 . 8

Deals viz.

34 Double Deals

5 . 15 . 5½

30 Single Do.

2 . 18 . 1½

Do.

8 . 13 . 7

Nails viz.

lb 6 3

4 . 6

26 4

16 . 3

16 6

9

16 10

7 . 4

28 20

11 . 1

30 40

11 . 3

for repairing the Lieut. Govr. House

2 . 19 . 5

Turners ware 4 Lab. Baskets Do.

4 . 11

Iron Pots 1 Wt. lb 18 for the Carpentrs. employed

at the Lt. Govr. House

3 . 5

£ 17 . 1

Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from

the 1st April to the 30 June 1772.

Flour lb 1578

13 . 3

Arrack 54 Gallons

8 . 2

Beef & Pork viz.

30 Ps. Beef

5 . 14 . 4½

30 Ps. Pork

4 . 11 . 10½

10 . 6 . 3

Carried over

£ 31 . 11 . 3

The stores issued for repairs concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £0 8s 8d

Fishing lines, size 4, for the Castle, 2, £0 0s 9d

Sash line for the Castle, 1 knot, £0 1s 4d

Lines, total, £0 2s 1d

Prussian blue for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 1 oz, £0 1s 5d

Whiting for the same, 10 lb, £0 0s 4½d

White lead mixed in oil for the same, 20 lb, £0 8s 9½d

Paint, total, £0 10s 7d

Linseed oil for the same, 2 gallons, £0 8s 2d

Pane of glass, 11 by 17½ inches, for the same, 1, £0 1s 6d

Sheet lead for the same, 203 lb, £3 2s 1d

Rope for the same, 17 lb, £0 5s 8d

Double deals for the same, 34, £5 15s 5½d

Single deals for the same, 30, £2 18s 1½d

Deals, total, £8 13s 7d

Threepenny nails for repairing the Lieutenant Governor's house, 6 lb, £0 4s 6d

Fourpenny nails for the same, 26 lb, £0 16s 3d

Sixpenny nails for the same, 16 lb, £0 9s 0d

Tenpenny nails for the same, 16 lb, £0 7s 4d

Twentypenny nails for the same, 28 lb, £0 11s 1d

Fortypenny nails for the same, 30 lb, £0 11s 3d

Nails, total, £2 19s 5d

Labourers' baskets for the same, 4, £0 4s 11d

Iron pot weighing 18 lb, for the carpenters working at the Lieutenant Governor's house, 1, £0 3s 5d

Total charged to repairs, £17 0s 1d

The stores issued for diet between 1 April and 30 June 1772 began as follows.

Flour, 1,578 lb, £13 3s 0d

Arrack, 54 gallons, £8 2s 0d

Salt beef, 30 pieces, £5 14s 4½d

Salt pork, 30 pieces, £4 11s 10½d

Beef and pork, total, £10 6s 3d

Carried forward, £31 11s 3d

Interpretations

The work on Corneille's quarters was larger than the "very trifling" expense he had promised on 27 April 1772. It took 64 deals, more than 200 lb of sheet lead and about 120 lb of nails, and the repairs account rose to £17 from less than 3s the quarter before. The sheet lead probably covered a new roof or gutters on the converted kitchen and cookhouse. The carpenters were fed on site, as the iron pot bought for them shows. The Council had accepted the request on the strength of a small cost, and the stores account recorded what the alteration actually took.

22

18

20th July

Brought over

£ 31 . 11 . 3

Rice lb 339

2 . 1 . 11

Salt 1½ Bushels

4 . 9

Candy lb 492

10 . 7 . 6

Oil 6 Bott. Florence

16

Coffee lb 24

1 . 2

Tea viz.

lb 2 Singlo

2 . 2½

4 Cattys Hyson

1 . 7 . 5½

1 . 9 . 8

£ 47 . 13 . 1

Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from

the 1st April to the 30 June 1772. -

Tea lb 102 for y. Sev. Guards & Barracks

3 . 19 . 4

Candles lb 54 for Officers on Duty

6 . 3 . 9

Blankets 102

31 . 6

Oil viz.

73½ Galls. Train

12 . 8 . 9

46½ Do. Linseed

9 . 7 . 11

for y. Barracks & Guards

21 . 16 . 8

Flour lb 145 given to Recruits

1 . 4 . 2

Pork 335 Ps. Do. & deficient in Wt.

51 . 15 . 1

Arrack 14 Gallons Muster Drams

2 . 2

Deals viz.

35 Single

3 . 7 . 10

2 Double

6 . 10

for Cots & Coffins

3 . 14 . 8

Nails viz.

lb 2 2

1 . 8½

38 3

1 . 8 . 6

11 4

6 . 10½

Do.

1 . 17 . 1

Paint 4 Ven. Red mixed markg. Blankets

1 . 9

Carried over

£ 123 . 13

The stores issued for diet concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £31 11s 3d

Rice, 339 lb, £2 1s 11d

Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 4s 9d

Sugar candy, 498 lb, £10 7s 6d

Florence oil, 6 bottles, £0 16s 0d

Coffee, 24 lb, £1 2s 0d

Singlo tea, 2 lb, £0 2s 2½d

Hyson tea, 4 catties, £1 7s 5½d

Tea, total, £1 9s 8d

Total charged to diet, £47 13s 1d

The stores issued to the garrison between 1 April and 30 June 1772 began as follows.

Tea for the sea guards and the barracks, 112 lb, £3 19s 4d

Candles for officers on duty, 54 lb, £6 3s 9d

Blankets, 102, £31 0s 6d

Train oil for the barracks and the guards, 73½ gallons, £12 8s 9d

Linseed oil for the same, 46½ gallons, £9 7s 11d

Oil, total, £21 16s 8d

Flour given to recruits, 145 lb, £1 4s 2d

Pork found short in issuing to the garrison, 335 pieces, £51 15s 1d

Arrack for drams at muster, 14 gallons, £2 2s 0d

Single deals for cots and coffins, 35, £3 7s 10d

Double deals for the same, 2, £0 6s 10d

Deals, total, £3 14s 8d

Twopenny nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 1s 8½d

Threepenny nails for the same, 38 lb, £1 8s 6d

Fourpenny nails for the same, 11 lb, £0 6s 10½d

Nails, total, £1 17s 1d

Venetian red mixed in oil for marking blankets, 4 lb, £0 1s 9d

Carried forward, £123 15s 0d

Interpretations

The garrison was issued 102 blankets in a single quarter, worth more than £31. The Lord Camden had landed 29 recruits in April, and a further half-dozen men were enlisted from the passing ships, all needing bedding as the southern winter set in. The blankets were then marked with Venetian red paint. A blanket stamped as Company property could not easily be sold in the town for drink, a common way for soldiers to raise money. The casks of pork were found short once more, by 335 pieces worth £51 15s 1d. This was the third quarter running with a loss on this scale, and the Council had still found no way to stop it.

23

19

1772

Brought over

£ 123 . 13

Twine 6 Skanes for Cots

3 . 8

Lines 1 Whip Cord for Whips

3 . 8

Iron ware viz.

1 Wood Ax

2 . 10

3 Sail Needles

3¼

1 Ash Helve

8¼

2 Pr. Dove tail Hinges

1 . 3

4 . 10

Canvas 177 Yds. English

9

Soldiers Cloaths viz.

323 Soldrs. Coats & Breeches

475 . 2 . 7

12 Drumrs. Do. & Do.

40 . 18 . 2

22 Corporals Do. & Do.

33 . 16 . 6

4 Artily. Do. & Do.

3 . 16

3 Do. Serjts. Do. & Do.

15 . 3 . 9

4 Gunners Do. & Do.

9 . 4 . 10

4 Bombardiers Do. & Do.

11 . 18

22 Serjeants Do. & Do.

114 . 19

1 Marshals Do. & Do.

2 . 11 . 8

31 Matrosses Coats

47 Pr. Do. Breeches

104 . 16

817 . 6 . 6

Hosiers ware 6 Pr. Mens Ordy. Thd. Stockings

16 . 9

Shoes 6 Pr. Mens Ordy.

1 . 8

Hats viz.

353 Soldiers

51 . 1

20 Serjeants

11 . 10

1 Marshals

11 . 6

63 . 2 . 6

Haberdashery viz.

6 Hair Tails

4 . 6

6 Cockades

2

2½ Gro. narrow Worst. Lace

2 . 1½

½ Do. Broad Do.

3 . 10½

lb Whale Bone

12

3 . 2 . 6

Carried over

£ 1019 . 3 . 6

The stores issued to the garrison continued as follows.

Brought forward, £123 15s 0d

Twine for cots, 6 skeins, £0 3s 8d

Whipcord for whips, 1, £0 3s 8d

Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 10d

Sail needles, 3, £0 0s 0¾d

Ash helve, 1, £0 0s 8¾d

Dovetail hinges, 2 pairs, £0 1s 3d

Ironware, total, £0 4s 10d

English canvas, 177 yards, £9 0s 0d

Soldiers' coats and breeches, 323, £473 2s 7d

Drummers' coats and breeches, 12, £40 18s 2d

Corporals' coats and breeches, 22, £33 16s 6d

Artillery corporals' coats and breeches, 4, £10 16s 0d

Artillery sergeants' coats and breeches, 3, £15 3s 9d

Gunners' coats and breeches, 4, £9 4s 10d

Bombardiers' coats and breeches, 6, £11 18s 0d

Sergeants' coats and breeches, 22, £114 19s 0d

Marshal's coat and breeches, 1, £2 11s 8d

Matrosses' coats, 31, and breeches, 40 pairs, £104 16s 0d

Soldiers' clothing, total, £817 6s 6d

Men's ordinary thread stockings, 6 pairs, £0 16s 9d

Men's ordinary shoes, 6 pairs, £1 8s 0d

Soldiers' hats, 353, £51 1s 0d

Sergeants' hats, 20, £11 10s 0d

Marshal's hat, 1, £0 11s 6d

Hats, total, £63 2s 6d

Hair stocks, 6, £0 4s 6d

Cockades, 6, £0 2s 0d

Narrow worsted lace, 2¼ gross, £2 0s 1½d

Broad worsted lace, ¼ gross, £0 3s 10½d

Whalebone, [...], £0 12s 0d

Haberdashery, total, £3 2s 6d

Carried forward, £1,019 3s 6d

Interpretations

This was the garrison's annual issue of new clothing, more than 400 suits of coats and breeches and 374 hats, costing almost £900. The clothing came out from England with the season's stores, probably in the Lord Camden, and every soldier, drummer and non-commissioned officer received a new uniform once a year. In earlier quarters the garrison account showed only a handful of coats for recruits. A sergeant's suit cost more than five times a private's, about £5 4s against £1 9s, because it was cut from finer cloth and trimmed with lace. The issue shows the size of the enlarged garrison, about 420 men in all, and how heavily the Company's clothing bill fell in a single quarter of the year.

24

20

20th July

Brought over

£ 1019 . 3 . 6

Glass ware 16 Sqrs. 8 by 10

8 . 8

Thread viz.

lb 12 Coloured

1 . 17 . ½

7 White Brown

2 . 6 . 3½

4 . 3 . 4

1023 . 15 . 6

Mallay Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1st April to the 30 June 1772. -

Coffee lb 4

3 . 8

Pepper lb 2

1

Candles lb 20

2 . 5 . 10

Sope lb 6

3 . 6

Tea lb 4 Bohea

2 . 10

Rice lb 312

1 . 12 . 9

Beef 13 Ps.

2 . 9 . 7

Flour lb 30

5

Arrack 9¾ Galls.

1 . 12 . 3

Oil 1 Bott. Florence

2 . 8

Paint 1 Blue Smalts

1 . 9

Lines 6 No. 3

2 . ½

Haberdashery 2 Sks. Silk

1

Shoes 4 Pr. Mens Fine

1 . 2

Hooks 100 No. 9

2 . 10½

Salt ½ Bushel

1 . 7

Sugar & Candy viz.

lb 52 Sugar

15 . 2

15 Candy

6 . 3

1 . 1 . 5

£ 11 . 11 . 9

The stores issued to the garrison concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £1,019 3s 6d

Panes of glass, 8 by 10 inches, 16, £0 8s 8d

Coloured thread, 12 lb, £1 17s 0½d

White and brown thread, 7 lb, £2 6s 3½d

Thread, total, £4 3s 4d

Total charged to the garrison, £1,023 15s 6d

The stores issued for the Malays between 1 April and 30 June 1772 were as follows.

Coffee, 4 lb, £0 3s 8d

Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 0d

Candles, 20 lb, £2 5s 10d

Soap, 6 lb, £0 3s 6d

Bohea tea, 4 lb, £0 2s 10d

Rice, 312 lb, £1 12s 9d

Salt beef, 13 pieces, £2 9s 7d

Flour, 30 lb, £0 5s 0d

Arrack, 9¾ gallons, £1 12s 3d

Florence oil, 1 bottle, £0 2s 8d

Blue smalts, 1 lb, £0 1s 9d

Fishing lines, size 3, 6, £0 2s 0½d

Silk, 2 skeins, £0 1s 0d

Men's fine shoes, 4 pairs, £1 2s 0d

Fish hooks, size 9, 100, £0 2s 10½d

Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 7d

Sugar, 52 lb, £0 15s 2d

Sugar candy, 15 lb, £0 6s 3d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £1 1s 5d

Total charged for the Malays, £11 11s 9d

The next heading, Blacks, begins at the foot of the page.

Interpretations

The garrison's stores for the quarter cost £1,023 15s 6d, ten times the £95 of the first three months of 1772. The annual clothing accounted for almost all the rise. The Malays' allowance hardly changed from quarter to quarter. They received the same small household goods each time, candles, coffee, fine shoes and fishing tackle, which reflects their settled place as domestic servants rather than field labourers. Nakhoda Pocolam, who refused his passage to Sumatra on 15 July 1772, was probably among the men supplied from this account.

25

21

1772

Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st

April to the 30 June 1772. -

Rice C. qr. lb 178 . 1 . 16

110 . 13 . 5

Beef & Pork viz.

1120 Ps. Beef

213 . 10

1009 Ps. Pork

154 . 10 . 1

368 . 1

Arrack 305½ Gallons

45 . 16 . 6

Sope lb 8 for the Lt. Govr. Servants

4 . 8

Sugar lb 484

7 . 1 . 2

Oil viz.

1½ G. Linseed

6 . 1¼

4 Do. Train

13 . 7¾

19 . 9

Tea lb 226 Bohea

8 . 1

Pepper lb 4

2

Salt ½ Bushel

1 . 2

Long Cloth ½ Ps. W

15

Blankets 1

6 . 1

Tin ware 2 Single Sheets Tin

8

Shoes viz.

113 Pr. Mens Ordy.

27 . 10 . 8

32 Pr. Womens Calf

4 . 2 . 8

31 . 13 . 4

Turners ware 1 Lab. Basket

1 . 1

Cutlery viz.

5 Buckling Combs

1 . 7½

3 Horn Do.

7½

2 . 1

£ 573 . 17 . 1

The stores issued for the Company's slaves between 1 April and 30 June 1772 were as follows.

Rice, 178 cwt 1 qr 16 lb, £110 13s 5d

Salt beef, 1,120 pieces, £213 10s 0d

Salt pork, 1,019 pieces, £154 10s 1d

Beef and pork, total, £368 0s 1d

Arrack, 305½ gallons, £45 16s 6d

Soap for the Lieutenant Governor's servants, 8 lb, £0 4s 8d

Sugar, 434 lb, £7 1s 2d

Linseed oil, 1½ gallons, £0 6s 1¼d

Train oil, 4 gallons, £0 13s 7¾d

Oil, total, £0 19s 9d

Bohea tea, 226 lb, £8 0s 1d

Pepper, 4 lb, £0 2s 0d

Salt, ⅜ bushel, £0 1s 2d

Long cloth, number 6, ½ piece, £0 15s 0d

Blanket, 1, £0 6s 1d

Single sheets of tin, 2, £0 0s 8d

Men's ordinary shoes, 118 pairs, £27 10s 8d

Women's calf leather shoes, 32 pairs, £4 2s 8d

Shoes, total, £31 13s 4d

Labourers' basket, 1, £0 1s 1d

Buckling combs, 5, £0 1s 5½d

Horn combs, 3, £0 0s 7½d

Cutlery, total, £0 2s 1d

Total charged for the slaves, £573 17s 1d

The next heading, Plantation, begins at the foot of the page.

Interpretations

The slaves drew almost 20,000 lb of rice in the quarter, against 14,000 lb in the first three months of 1772. The plantation account shows the yams issued to them falling to 15,540 from more than 67,000 over the same period, at the end of the autumn harvest. Rice from Bengal, Bombay and Madras, landed in quantity during the season, took the place of the island-grown yam as the slaves' staple through the winter. The Company issued 150 pairs of shoes as the cold, wet months began, against only four pairs in the summer quarter before.

26

22

20th July

Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued

from the 1st April to the 30th June 1772

Rice & Paddy viz.

lb 6223 Rice for Poultry & Horses

13 . 9

562 Paddy for Poultry

2 . 18 . 11

15 . 19 . 1

Beef 13 Ps. for the Stewd. & Overseer

2 . 9 . 7

Twine 1 Skane

7

Grindstones 1 Small

2 . 7

Cordage lb 75

1 . 5

Iron Pots 1 Wt. lb 31

5 . 10

Deals 1 Double

3 . 5

Earthen Ware 8 Milk Pans

11 . 4

Iron ware viz.

17 Scyth Stones for y. Stables & Haymakers

3 . 10¾

3 Spades Do. & Gardens

11 . 3

2 Stock Locks Do.

5 . 10

8 Sheets Emery Paper Stables

10¾

1 Axletree & Winch

3 . 6

2 Iron Shovels

9 . 1

2 Pr. Sheep Shears

3 . 6

2 Pick Axes

7

for the Pastures

2 . 4 . 11

Turners ware viz.

7 Birch Brooms Yard & Stables

2 . 11

2 Lab. Baskets Do.

2 . 5½

1 Skimming Dish for the Dairy

3½

5 . 8

Cutlery viz.

2 Shoe Knives for the Haymakers

8½

3 Butchers Do. for the Butchers

1 . 7½

2 . 4

Nails viz.

lb 5 4

3 . 1½

2 6

1 . 1½

for the Pasture Gates

4 . 3

Carried over

£ 23 . 14 . 7

The stores issued for the Company's plantation between 1 April and 30 June 1772 began as follows.

Rice for the poultry and the horses, 6,223 lb, £13 0s 2d

Paddy for the poultry, 562 lb, £2 18s 11d

Rice and paddy, total, £15 19s 1d

Salt beef for the steward and the overseer, 13 pieces, £2 9s 7d

Twine, 1 skein, £0 0s 7d

Small grindstone, 1, £0 2s 7d

Rope, 75 lb, £1 5s 0d

Iron pots, 2, weighing 31 lb, £0 5s 10d

Double deal, 1, £0 3s 5d

Earthenware milk pans, 8, £0 11s 4d

Scythe stones for the stables and the haymakers, 17, £0 3s 10¼d

Spades for the same and the gardens, 3, £0 11s 3d

Stock locks for the same, 2, £0 5s 10d

Emery paper for the stables, 8 sheets, £0 0s 10½d

Axletree and winch, 1, £0 3s 6d

Iron shovels for the pastures, 2, £0 9s 1d

Sheep shears for the pastures, 2 pairs, £0 3s 6d

Pickaxes for the pastures, 2, £0 7s 0d

Ironware, total, £2 4s 11d

Birch brooms for the yard and the stables, 7, £0 2s 11d

Labourers' baskets for the same, 2, £0 2s 5½d

Skimming dish for the dairy, 1, £0 0s 3½d

Turners' wares, total, £0 5s 8d

Short knives for the haymakers, 2, £0 0s 8½d

Butchers' knives for the butcher, 3, £0 1s 7½d

Cutlery, total, £0 2s 4d

Fourpenny nails for the pasture gates, 5 lb, £0 3s 1½d

Sixpenny nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 1s 1½d

Nails, total, £0 4s 3d

Carried forward, £23 14s 7d

Interpretations

The eight milk pans and the skimming dish show the plantation running a dairy. Milk was left to stand in shallow pans until the cream rose, and the skimmer lifted it off for churning into butter. The Company's table had bought butter by the firkin at £3 10s 0d from passing ships, and making its own from the plantation's 100 cows would cut that cost. The cattle bought in from the Cape had raised the herd enough to spare cows for milking.

27

23

1772

Brought Over

£ 23 . 14 . 7

Tar 1½ Gall. for Carts

1 . 1

Oil 1 Gall. Train for Rubbing Cattle

3 . 5

Long Cloth 1 Ps. W for the Dairy

1

Lines viz.

2 No. 3

8½

2 4

9½

Gardens

1 . 6

£ 24 . 1 . 7

Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from

the 1st April to the 30 June 1772

Sugar lb 423

6 . 3 . 5

Flour lb 423

3 . 10 . 6

Rice lb 423

2 . 4 . 4

Tea lb 26

18 . 5

Twine lb Cotton Wick

1 . 2

Salt 1½ Bushels

4 . 2

Iron ware 2 Ash Helves

1 . 5

Oil viz.

5 Galls. Linseed

1 . 3¾

11½ Do. Train

1 . 18 . 2¼

2 . 18 . 6

£ 16 . 1 . 11

Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1st April to the 30th June 1772. -

Cordage lb 251

4 . 3 . 8

Arrack 5 Gallons for Men emplyd. in haulg.

up & launchg. Long Boats

15

Oars 2 Small for a Yawl

7 . 6

Carried over

£ 5 . 6 . 2

The stores issued for the Company's plantation concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £23 14s 7d

Tar for the carts, 1½ gallons, £0 1s 1d

Train oil for rubbing the cattle, 1 gallon, £0 3s 5d

Long cloth, marked L, for the dairy, 1 yard, £0 1s 0d

Fishing lines, size 3, for the gardens, 2, £0 0s 8½d

Fishing lines, size 4, for the gardens, 2, £0 0s 9½d

Lines, total, £0 1s 6d

Total charged to the plantation, £24 1s 7d

The stores issued for the hospital between 1 April and 30 June 1772 were as follows.

Sugar, 423 lb, £6 3s 5d

Flour, 423 lb, £3 10s 6d

Rice, 423 lb, £2 4s 4d

Tea, 26 lb, £0 18s 5d

Cotton wick, [...], £0 1s 2d

Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 4s 2d

Ash helves, 2, £0 1s 5d

Linseed oil, 5 gallons, £1 0s 3¾d

Train oil, 11½ gallons, £1 18s 2¼d

Oil, total, £2 18s 6d

Total charged to the hospital, £16 1s 11d

The stores issued for the boats between 1 April and 30 June 1772 began as follows.

Rope, 251 lb, £4 3s 8d

Arrack for the men hauling up and launching the longboats, 5 gallons, £0 15s 0d

Small oars for a yawl, 2, £0 7s 6d

Carried forward, £5 6s 2d

Interpretations

Train oil was rubbed into the cattle's hides, probably to keep off flies and ticks or to soothe skin cracked by the cold wind on the uplands. The yard of long cloth for the dairy was for straining milk or covering the cream pans. The hospital again drew equal weights of sugar, flour and rice, 423 lb of each, slightly less than the 447 lb of the quarter before. Even after the deaths of the winter and the arrival of new recruits, the number of patient-days stayed roughly the same.

28

24

20th July

Brought over

£ 5 . 6 . 2

Deals viz.

5 Double Deals

16 . 11¾

7 Single Do.

13 . 6½

9 Elm Boards

1 . 18 . 4½

2 Pieces for L. Boats

8 . 1½

3 Timbers for Do.

1 . 6 . 4½

for the Boats in General

5 . 3 . 10

Nails viz.

lb 3 2

1 . 8½

10 4

6 . 3

11 6

6 . 2¼

16 10

7 . 4½

4 20

1 . 7

1 Dog

7½

Do.

1 . 3 . 9

Iron ware viz.

40 Rolld. Iron

15

1 Half round Wood Rasp

11¾

1 Auger

2 . 10

3 Files

1 . 6

1 Rag Stone

4½

Do.

1 . 4

Turpentine lb 187 Do.

2 . 2 . 11

Oil 1½ G. Train Do.

5 . 2

Leather lb 4 Sole Do.

5

Paint lb 3 Chalk Long Boat

2

£ 15 . 1 . 4

Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued

from the 1st April to the 30 June 1772. -

Iron ware viz.

12 Sail Needles mendg. L. Bags

3

8 Masons Beach Mallets for Masons

15 . 8

6 Two feet Rules Do.

6

1 . 1 . 11

Carried over

£ 1 . 1 . 11

The stores issued for the boats concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £5 6s 2d

Double deals for the boats in general, 5, £0 16s 11½d

Single deals for the same, 7, £0 13s 6½d

Elm boards for the same, 9, £1 18s 9½d

Pieces of timber for the longboat, 2, £0 8s 1½d

Timbers for the same, 3, £1 6s 4½d

Timber, total, £5 3s 10d

Twopenny nails, 3 lb, £0 1s 8½d

Fourpenny nails, 10 lb, £0 6s 3d

Sixpenny nails, 11 lb, £0 6s 2¼d

Tenpenny nails, 16 lb, £0 7s 4½d

Twentypenny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 7d

Dog nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 7¾d

Nails, total, £1 3s 9d

Rolled iron, 40 lb, £0 15s 0d

Half-round wood rasp, 1, £0 0s 11½d

Auger, 1, £0 2s 10d

Files, 3, £0 1s 6d

Rag stone, 1, £0 0s 4½d

Ironware, total, £1 0s 4d

Turpentine, 187 lb, £2 2s 11d

Train oil, 1½ gallons, £0 5s 2d

Sole leather, 4 lb, £0 5s 0d

Chalk for the longboat, 3 lb, £0 0s 2d

Total charged to the boats, £15 1s 4d

The stores issued for the fortifications between 1 April and 30 June 1772 began as follows.

Sail needles for mending lime bags, 12, £0 0s 3d

Masons' beech mallets, 8, £0 15s 8d

Two-foot rules for the masons, 6, £0 6s 0d

Ironware, total, £1 1s 11d

Carried forward, £1 1s 11d

Interpretations

The boats needed only modest repairs this quarter, £15 against £28 in the summer months, perhaps because the Council had bought a complete new longboat from Captain Abercromby of the Grenville in June. The heavy timbers and the 187 lb of turpentine went to refitting the existing boats after the hard use of the shipping season.

29

25

1772

Brought over

£ 1 . 1 . 11

Twine 13 Sks. for mendg. Lime Bags

7 . 11

Candles lb 5 Do.

11 . 6

Oil viz.

½ Gall. Linseed

2 . ½

½ Do. Train

1 . 8½

for Sandy Bay Quarry

1 Bottle Florence Artilly. use

2 . 8

6 . 5

Arrack 5 Galls. for Men emplyd. movg. Cannon

15

Nails viz.

lb 1 3

9

1 6

6¾

2 10

11

15 Spike

4 . 2¼

1 Glaz. Brads

1 . 5

Artillery use

8 . 7

Cordage lb 23 for moving Cannon

7 . 8

Thread lb 1 Coloured Artilly. use

3 . 1

Canvas 3 Ps. English for mak. Lime Bags

10 . 15 . 4

Deals viz.

2 Single Deals

3 . 10½

4 Coffers

17 . ½

for moving Cannon and

for a Flag Staff

1 . 11

Iron lb 53 for the Landing Place

8 . 10

Tin ware 1 Watering Pot Artilly. use

3 . 6

£ 16 . 10 . 8

Barracks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1st April to the 30 June 1772. -

Iron ware viz.

6 Pick Axes

1 . 1

4 Blank Keys

2 . 6

3 Joiners Rubstones

8 . 2¼

3 Iron rimed Locks wt. Brass Knobs

18 . 10½

17 Pr. H L Hinges

2 . 13 . 10

37 Ash Helves

1 . 6 . 1½

Iron ware Carried over

£ 6 . 10 . 6¼

The stores issued for the fortifications concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £1 1s 11d

Twine for mending lime bags, 13 skeins, £0 7s 11d

Candles for the same, 5 lb, £0 11s 6d

Linseed oil for the Sandy Bay quarry, ½ gallon, £0 2s 0½d

Train oil for the same, ½ gallon, £0 1s 8½d

Florence oil for the artillery, 1 bottle, £0 2s 8d

Oil, total, £0 6s 5d

Arrack for the men moving cannon, 5 gallons, £0 15s 0d

Threepenny nails for the artillery, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d

Sixpenny nails for the same, 1 lb, £0 0s 6¾d

Tenpenny nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 0s 11d

Spikes for the same, 15 lb, £0 4s 8¼d

Glaziers' brads for the same, 1 lb, £0 1s 8d

Nails, total, £0 8s 7d

Rope for moving cannon, 23 lb, £0 7s 8d

Coloured thread for the artillery, 1 lb, £0 3s 1d

English canvas for making lime bags, 3 bolts, £10 15s 4d

Single deals for moving cannon and for the flagstaff, 2, £0 3s 10½d

[...] for the same, 4, £0 17s 0½d

Timber, total, £1 0s 11d

Iron for the landing place, [...] lb, £0 2s 10d

Watering pot for the artillery, 1, £0 3s 6d

Total charged to the fortifications, £16 10s 8d

The stores issued for the barracks between 1 April and 30 June 1772 began as follows.

Pickaxes, 6, £1 1s 0d

Blank keys, 4, £0 2s 6d

Joiners' oilstones, 3, £0 8s 2¼d

Iron rim locks with brass knobs, 3, £0 18s 10½d

HL hinges, 17 pairs, £2 13s 10d

Ash helves, 37, £1 6s 1½d

Ironware carried forward, £6 10s 6¼d

Interpretations

The iron for the landing place was the first material issued for the work Tippet proposed in his letter of 6 July 1772, even before the Council approved it. The engineer had already begun preparing. The barracks drew 17 pairs of HL hinges and three rim locks with brass knobs, fittings for doors and cupboards. The officers' new quarters had reached the stage of joinery and finishing, and the better locks marked them as rooms for gentlemen rather than soldiers' barracks.

30

26

20th July

Iron Ware Brought over£ 6 . 10 . 6¼

3 Brick Lay. Trowells

12

6 Masons Beach Mallets

11 . 9

12 Do. Boasts & Broad Tools

2 . 2 . 4½

6 Iron Shovels

1 . 7 . 3

4 Two Ft. Rules

4

2 Mauls

1 . 11

6 Plast. Trowels

10 . 3

1 Do. Sieve

4 . 8½

1 Spring Rat Trap

1 . 6½

1 Wood Ax

2 . 10½

13 . 8 . 9

Oil viz.

13¾ Galls. Linseed

2 . 15 . 10½

1½ Do. Train

5 . 11½

1 Bott. Florence

2 . 8

3 . 4 . 6

Lead lb 56 Sheet

11 . 8

Iron lb 776

8 . 2 . 8

Deals viz.

93 Double Deals

15 . 15 . 9¾

276 Single Do.

26 . 14 . 9¼

86 Bundles Laths

4 . 14 . 11

11 Baulks

4 . 17 . 9

2 Elm Boards

8 . 7½

6 Coffers

19 . 10½

53 . 11 . 2

Lines viz.

24 No. 3

8 . 2

24 4

9

17 . 2

Nails viz.

lb 12 2

10 . 3

10 3

7 . 6

236 4

7 . 7 . 6

28 6

15 . 9

90 10

2 . 1 . 3

Nails Carrd. over

£ 11 . 2 . 3

Carried over

£ 79 . 15 . 4

The stores issued for the barracks continued as follows.

Ironware brought forward, £6 10s 6¼d

Bricklayers' trowels, 8, £0 12s 0d

Masons' beech mallets, 6, £0 11s 9d

Masons' boasters and broad tools, 12, £2 2s 4½d

Iron shovels, 6, £1 7s 3d

Two-foot rules, 4, £0 4s 0d

Mauls, 2, £1 0s 11d

Plasterers' trowels, 6, £0 10s 3d

Plasterer's sieve, 1, £0 4s 8½d

Spring rat trap, 1, £0 1s 6½d

Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 10½d

Ironware, total, £13 8s 2d

Linseed oil, 13¾ gallons, £2 15s 10½d

Train oil, 1½ gallons, £0 5s 11½d

Florence oil, 1 bottle, £0 2s 8d

Oil, total, £3 4s 6d

Sheet lead, 56 lb, £0 11s 8d

Iron, 776 lb, £8 2s 8d

Double deals, 93, £15 15s 9¾d

Single deals, 276, £26 14s 9¼d

Laths, 86 bundles, £4 14s 11d

Balks, 11, £4 17s 2d

Elm boards, 2, £0 8s 7½d

[...], 6, £0 19s 10½d

Timber, total, £53 11s 2d

Fishing lines, size 3, 24, £0 8s 2d

Fishing lines, size 4, 24, £0 9s 0d

Lines, total, £0 17s 2d

Twopenny nails, 12 lb, £0 10s 3d

Threepenny nails, 10 lb, £0 7s 6d

Fourpenny nails, 236 lb, £7 7s 6d

Sixpenny nails, 28 lb, £0 15s 9d

Tenpenny nails, 90 lb, £2 1s 3d

Nails carried forward, £11 2s 3d

Carried forward, £79 15s 4d

Interpretations

The officers' barracks took almost 370 deals and 86 bundles of laths in the quarter, with 236 lb of fourpenny nails, the size used to fix laths. Laths were thin strips of wood nailed across the joists and studs to carry plaster on ceilings and partition walls. Their issue in quantity, along with six plasterers' trowels and a plasterer's sieve, shows the building moving from carpentry to plastering, the last stage before the rooms could be lived in. Boasters were broad masons' chisels used to dress the face of a stone smooth after it had been roughly shaped.

31

27

1772

Brought over

£ 79 . 15 . 4

Nails Brought over£ 11 . 2 . 3

lb 33 20

13 . ½

32 40

12

10 Glaz. Brads

16 . 3

2 Dog Nails

1 . 2½

13 . 7 . 2

Paint viz.

lb 40 Whiting

10

20 Stone Colour

10 . 10

80 W. Lead mixed

1 . 10

3 Red Lead

1 . 6

32 Ven. Red mixed

14

12 B. Blacking

6

3 . 3 . 2

Turners ware viz.

12 Paint Brushes

7 . 9

39 Lab. Baskets

2 . 7 . 11¼

4 Plast. Brushes

4 . ¾

2 . 19 . 9

Tin ware 1 Watering Pot

3 . 6

Cordage lb 7

3 . 8

Glass ware 408 Sqrs. 8 by 10

11 . 1

£ 110 . 13 . 7

St. Helena Errors Excepted

30th June 1772 (signed)

Jona. Doveton

Assist. Storekeeper

The stores issued for the barracks concluded as follows.

Nails brought forward, £11 2s 3d

Twentypenny nails, 38 lb, £0 15s 0½d

Fortypenny nails, 32 lb, £0 12s 0d

Glaziers' brads, 10 lb, £0 16s 8d

Dog nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 2½d

Nails, total, £13 7s 2d

Whiting, 40 lb, £0 0s 10d

Stone-coloured paint, 20 lb, £0 10s 10d

White lead mixed in oil, 80 lb, £1 10s 0d

Red lead, 3 lb, £0 1s 6d

Venetian red mixed in oil, 32 lb, £0 14s 0d

Blacking, 12 papers, £0 6s 0d

Paint, total, £3 3s 2d

Paint brushes, 12, £0 7s 9d

Labourers' baskets, 39, £2 7s 11¼d

Plasterers' brushes, 4, £0 4s 0¾d

Turners' wares, total, £2 19s 9d

Watering pot, 1, £0 3s 6d

Rope, 11 lb, £0 3s 8d

Panes of glass, 8 by 10 inches, 408, £11 1s 0d

Total charged to the barracks, £110 13s 7d

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as assistant storekeeper at St Helena on 30 June 1772, subject to any errors. The heading List begins at the foot of the page.

Interpretations

The barracks took 408 panes of glass and 10 lb of glaziers' brads in the quarter, enough to glaze a long row of windows. Glazing, painting and plastering together show the officers' new barracks being finished, with the work Tippet described in April and July close to completion. Jonathan Doveton signed the quarter's store account in place of James Pavell, the first time the storekeeper's own name was missing from it. Pavell's illness had kept him from the office through the whole period when the account was made up.

32

28

20th July

List of the Honorable Company's Officers and Servants

upon the Island St. Helena with their several Salarys Diet

Money &c. for the Quarter ending 30 June 1772. viz. -

John Skottowe Esqr. Governor Salary

150

Do. Allowance for Servants

31 . 14 . 9

181 . 14 . 9

Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

62 . 10

Do. Diet Money

25

87 . 10

Matthew Purling Esqr. of Council

50

Do. Diet Money

15

Do. Gratuity

15

80

Matthew Bazett Esqr. of Council from

the 15 April

8 . 8 . 9

Do. Accountant

27 . 10

Do. Diet Money

15

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

53 . 8 . 9

William Bearcroft Chaplain

40

Do. Diet Money

15

55

James Powell Storekeeper

27 . 10

Do. Diet Money

15

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

45

William Wrangham Paymaster

27 . 10

Do. Diet Money

15

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

Do. Assist. to the Governor

10

55

Jonathan Doveton Factor

12 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

Do. Assist. Storekeeper

5

30

Carried Over

£ 587 . 13 . 6

The Company's officers and servants on St Helena, with their salaries, diet money and other allowances for the quarter ending 30 June 1772, began as follows.

John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d

John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d

John Skottowe, total, £181 14s 9d

Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d

Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d

Daniel Corneille, total, £87 10s 0d

Matthew Purling, member of Council, salary, £50 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, gratuity, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, total, £80 0s 0d

Matthew Bazett, member of Council from 15 April 1772, £8 8s 9d

Matthew Bazett, as accountant, £27 10s 0d

Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Matthew Bazett, total, £53 8s 9d

William Bearcroft, chaplain, salary, £40 0s 0d

William Bearcroft, diet money, £15 0s 0d

William Bearcroft, total, £55 0s 0d

James Pavell, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d

James Pavell, diet money, £15 0s 0d

James Pavell, house rent, £2 10s 0d

James Pavell, total, £45 0s 0d

William Wrangham, paymaster, salary, £27 10s 0d

William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d

William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d

William Wrangham, as assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d

William Wrangham, total, £55 0s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, as assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, total, £30 0s 0d

Carried forward, £557 13s 6d

Interpretations

The new list shows how the Court's orders reshaped the pay of the senior officers. Purling's salary as a councillor rose from £32 10s 0d to £50 a quarter, but he lost the £17 10s 0d he had drawn as accountant, so his total stayed at £80. Bazett took over the accounts at the higher rate of £27 10s 0d and drew a councillor's pay only from 15 April 1772, when the Lord Camden landed the Court's packet. He no longer appears as Secretary, a post that passed to Britannicus Wright. Pavell was still paid in full as storekeeper, ill as he was, and his name now stood below Bazett's by right of the Court's appointment rather than by a paymaster's error.

33

29

1772

Brought Over

£ 587 . 13 . 6

Brit. Wright Secy. from 15 April

25 . 3 . 1

Do. Diet Money from Do.

14 . 3 . 10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

Do. Collect. of the Customs to 15 April

1 . 19

43 . 15 . 11

James Tippet Engineer

50

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

52 . 10

John Goodwin Factor

12 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

Do. Collect. of the Customs from 15 April

10 . 11

35 . 11

Geo. Bazett Writer

7 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

Do. Clerk of the Works

6 . 16 . 10½

26 . 16 . 10½

James Desfountain Writer

7 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

20

Willm. Webber Doveton Writer

7 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10

17 . 10

Robt. Barclay Surgeon

19 . 15

Do. Diet Money

10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

32 . 5

John Pritchard Do. Mate

13 . 15

Do. Diet Money

10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

26 . 5

John Congreve Judge Advocate

12 . 10

Do. Schoolmaster

7 . 10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

22 . 10

Carried Over

£ 864 . 17 . 3½

The list of the Company's officers and servants continued as follows.

Brought forward, £557 13s 6d

Britannicus Wright, secretary from 15 April 1772, salary, £25 3s 1d

Britannicus Wright, diet money from the same date, £14 3s 10d

Britannicus Wright, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Britannicus Wright, as collector of customs to 15 April 1772, £1 19s 0d

Britannicus Wright, total, £43 15s 11d

James Tippet, engineer, salary, £50 0s 0d

James Tippet, house rent, £2 10s 0d

James Tippet, total, £52 10s 0d

John Goodwin, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d

John Goodwin, diet money, £10 0s 0d

John Goodwin, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Goodwin, as collector of customs from 15 April 1772, £10 11s 0d

John Goodwin, total, £35 11s 0d

George Bazett, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

George Bazett, diet money, £10 0s 0d

George Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

George Bazett, as clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d

George Bazett, total, £26 16s 10½d

James Desfontaine, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

James Desfontaine, diet money, £10 0s 0d

James Desfontaine, house rent, £2 10s 0d

James Desfontaine, total, £20 0s 0d

William Webber Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

William Webber Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d

William Webber Doveton, total, £17 10s 0d

Robert Barclay, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d

Robert Barclay, diet money, £10 0s 0d

Robert Barclay, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Robert Barclay, total, £32 5s 0d

John Pritchard, surgeon's mate, salary, £13 15s 0d

John Pritchard, diet money, £10 0s 0d

John Pritchard, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Pritchard, total, £26 5s 0d

John Congreve, judge advocate, salary, £12 10s 0d

John Congreve, as schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d

John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Congreve, total, £22 10s 0d

Carried forward, £864 17s 3½d

Interpretations

The appointments the Council made on 27 April 1772 took effect from 15 April, the date of the Court's packet. Britannicus Wright drew a factor's pay as collector of customs up to that day and a secretary's salary and diet money from then on. His quarter came to £43 15s 11d, against £37 10s 0d before. John Goodwin took over the customs from the same date. Robert Barclay and John Pritchard were both paid for the full quarter, since the surgeon's resignation and his mate's death came only in July.

34

30

20th July

Brought over

£ 864 . 17 . 3½

Thos. Bazett Superintendt. of y. Works

25

Philip Mahony Clerk of the Peace

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Solomon F. Maurice Master at Arms

6 . 5

Saml. Alexander Overseers

7 . 10

John Worrall

15

John Robinson Carpenter

25

Simon Whaley Do. Mate from 6 April

11 . 15 . 9

Edward Daniel Mason

30

John Paxton Do. Mate

20

John Daniel Do. Apprentice

7 . 10

Joseph Goff the Cooper

15

Hugh Jones Superintendt. of the Blacks

10

Joseph Sangar Armr. from 20 April

11 . 16 . 8

James Carmichael Gardener

10

Robert Leech Steward

7 . 10

Do. for Overseeg. the Bake House

3

10 . 10

Willm. Bennet Patron of the Long Boat

7 . 10

Thomas Yates Clerk of the Church

5

Willm. Craft Groom to 1 June

1 . 6 . 8

Chas. Hill Do. from Do.

13 . 4

John Price Marshal & Gaoler

7 . 10

John Joyce Clock & Instrumt. Cleaner

1 . 5

The Drum Major for instructing the

Young Drummers

1

First Company viz.

Danl. Corneille Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Solomon F. Maurice Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

Charles Ross Stewart Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. Adjutant

18 . 5

52 . 9 . 4½

Carried over

£ 1277 . 4 . 1

The list of the Company's officers and servants continued as follows.

Brought forward, £864 17s 3½d

Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d

Philip Mahony, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 7s 6d

Philip Mahony, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Philip Mahony, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Philip Mahony, total, £36 14s 4½d

Solomon T. Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d

Samuel Alexander, overseer, £7 10s 0d

John Worrall, overseer, £15 0s 0d

John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d

Simon Whaley, carpenter's mate from 6 April 1772, £11 15s 9d

Edward Daniells, mason, £30 0s 0d

John Preston, mason's mate, £20 0s 0d

John Daniells, mason's apprentice, £7 10s 0d

Joseph Griffith, cooper, £15 0s 0d

Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d

Joseph Seager, armourer from 20 April 1772, £11 16s 8d

James Carmichael, gardener, £10 0s 0d

Robert Leech, steward, £7 10s 0d

Robert Leech, for overseeing the bakehouse, £3 0s 0d

Robert Leech, total, £10 10s 0d

William Bennett, coxswain of the longboats, £7 10s 0d

Thomas Yates, parish clerk, £5 0s 0d

William Crabb, groom to 7 June 1772, £1 6s 8d

Charles Hall, groom from the same date, £0 13s 4d

John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d

John Joyce, cleaner of clocks and instruments, £1 5s 0d

The drum major, for teaching the young drummers, £1 0s 0d

The list continued with the officers of the First Company.

Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d

Solomon T. Maurice, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

Solomon T. Maurice, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Solomon T. Maurice, total, £34 4s 4½d

Charles Ross Stewart, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

Charles Ross Stewart, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Charles Ross Stewart, as adjutant, £18 5s 0d

Charles Ross Stewart, total, £52 9s 4½d

Carried forward, £1,277 4s 1d

Interpretations

Robert Leech, the steward, received £3 for overseeing the bakehouse, a quarter's share of the £12 a year the Council voted on 2 March 1772 for an inspector of the bread. The post created after William Jenkins's dismissal had gone to an existing servant rather than a new man. The new appointments of the season also appear: Simon Whaley as carpenter's mate from 6 April and Joseph Seager as armourer from 20 April, each paid from the day he took up his post. John Daniells, the mason's apprentice, rose from £5 to £7 10s 0d a quarter as his training advanced.

35

31

1772

Brought over

£ 1277 . 4 . 1

William Caldwell Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

William Roberts Town Adjutant

32 . 3 . 1½

Richd. Powell Lieut. from

23 . 2

Do. Diet Money

5 . 13 . 6

Do. House Rent

2 . 2 . 2

30 . 17 . 8

Serjeants viz.

Henry Howell

7 . 11 . 8

John Allman

7 . 11 . 8

George Seale

7 . 11 . 8

Thomas Mears

7 . 11 . 8

James Mannaton

7 . 11 . 8

Abraham Jones

7 . 11 . 8

45 . 10

Corporals viz.

Andrew Alexander

5 . 16 . 2

Timothy Walters

5 . 16 . 2

Thomas Rhodes

5 . 16 . 2

Christian Smith

5 . 16 . 2

Willm. Hardie

5 . 16 . 2

John Bull

5 . 16 . 2

34 . 17

Drummers viz.

John Searle

5 . 16 . 2

Richd. Lightfoot

5 . 16 . 2

George Watts

5 . 16 . 2

17 . 8 . 6

Private viz.

Richd. Powell Cadet to 20 April

1 . 11 . 8

Richd. Ashton

3 . 15 . 10

John Attwood

3 . 15 . 10

Moses Basson

3 . 15 . 10

Timothy Bryan

3 . 15 . 10

Private Carried over

£ 16 . 15

Carried over

£ 1474 . 16 . 9

The list continued with the officers and men of the First Company.

Brought forward, £1,277 4s 1d

William Caldwell, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

William Caldwell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

William Caldwell, house rent, £2 10s 0d

William Caldwell, total, £36 14s 4½d

William Roberts, town adjutant, £32 3s 1½d

Richard Powell, lieutenant from [...], pay, £23 2s 0d

Richard Powell, diet money, £5 13s 6d

Richard Powell, house rent, £2 2s 2d

Richard Powell, total, £30 17s 8d

Henry Howell, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

John Allman, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

George Seale, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Thomas Mears, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

James Mannaton, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Abraham Jervis, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Sergeants, total, £45 10s 0d

Andrew Alexander, corporal, £5 16s 2d

Timothy Walters, corporal, £5 16s 2d

Thomas Rhodes, corporal, £5 16s 2d

Christopher Smith, corporal, £5 16s 2d

William Hardie, corporal, £5 16s 2d

John Bull, corporal, £5 16s 2d

Corporals, total, £34 17s 0d

John Searle, drummer, £5 16s 2d

Richard Platfoot, drummer, £5 16s 2d

George Watts, drummer, £5 16s 2d

Drummers, total, £17 8s 6d

Richard Powell, cadet, to 20 April 1772, £1 11s 8d

Richard Ashton, private, £3 15s 10d

John Attwood, private, £3 15s 10d

Moses Biffin, private, £3 15s 10d

Timothy Bryan, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates carried forward, £16 15s 0d

Carried forward, £1,414 16s 9d

Interpretations

Richard Powell, the company's cadet, was commissioned lieutenant on 20 April 1772, and the list pays him as a cadet up to that day and as an officer after it. A cadet was a young gentleman serving in the ranks while he waited for a commission. The Court's packet of April evidently brought his appointment, filling the place left by Lieutenant Lambert, who asked to retire on 18 May.

The corporals and drummers were paid £5 16s 2d for the quarter, against £5 6s 2d before, a rise of about 1⅓d a day. The sergeants' and privates' rates did not change. The rise probably came with the Court's orders enlarging the garrison, as a way of keeping good men in the junior posts of responsibility. William Caldwell drew his full quarter's pay again, his month's suspension for drunkenness on guard having ended in January.

36

32

20th July

Brought over

£ 1474 . 16 . 9

Private Brought over£ 16 . 15

Emanl. Bonner

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Bowen

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Brown

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Bennick

3 . 15 . 10

Mark Bolls

3 . 15 . 10

Jos. Barham

3 . 15 . 10

Stephen Bottenham

3 . 15 . 10

Wm. Brokelsten Ent. 15 Apl. dischd. 26 May

1 . 14 . 2

Patrick Connor

3 . 15 . 10

John Charlton

3 . 15 . 10

William Coffin

3 . 15 . 10

Anthony Clark

3 . 15 . 10

John Crocker to 24 June discharged

3 . 10 . 10

John Coleman Died 14 May

1 . 16 . 8

Ralph Channing

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Coiton to 25 May dischd.

2 . 5 . 10

Richd. Craggs

3 . 15 . 10

John Davis

3 . 15 . 10

John Dore

3 . 15 . 10

James Drake

3 . 15 . 10

Jno. Desborough from 15 April Ent.

3 . 4 . 2

Adam Evans

3 . 15 . 10

John Ellis

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Elliott Ent. 15 Apl. dischd. 24 June

2 . 19 . 2

William French

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Fisher

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Frost

3 . 15 . 10

John Drake Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

Willm. Greenwood

3 . 15 . 10

Jno. Grainger

3 . 15 . 10

John Griffiths

3 . 15 . 10

John Houston

3 . 15 . 10

Philip Hayes

3 . 15 . 10

Stephen Barrett

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Hencking

3 . 15 . 10

Private Carrd. over

£ 141 . 13 . 4

Carried over

£ 1474 . 16 . 9

The list of private soldiers in the First Company continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,474 16s 9d

Privates brought forward, £16 15s 0d

Emanuel Bonner, private, £3 15s 10d

William Benson, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Brown, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Barwick, private, £3 15s 10d

Mark Belle, private, £3 15s 10d

Joseph Burcham, private, £3 15s 10d

Stephen Battenham, private, £3 15s 10d

William Brakeston, private, enlisted 15 April 1772 and discharged 15 May 1772, £1 14s 2d

Patrick Conner, private, £3 15s 10d

John Charlton, private, £3 15s 10d

William Coffin, private, £3 15s 10d

Anthony Clark, private, £3 15s 10d

John Croucher, private, to his discharge on 24 June 1772, £3 10s 10d

John Coleman, private, to his death on 14 May 1772, £1 16s 8d

Ralph Channing, private, £3 15s 10d

William Cuton, private, to his discharge on 25 May 1772, £2 5s 10d

Richard Craigs, private, £3 15s 10d

John Davis, private, £3 15s 10d

John Dore, private, £3 15s 10d

James Drake, private, £3 15s 10d

John Desbrough, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

Adam Evans, private, £3 15s 10d

John Ellis, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Elliott, private, enlisted 15 April 1772 and discharged 14 June 1772, £2 19s 2d

William French, private, £3 15s 10d

William Fisher, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Frost, private, £3 15s 10d

John Drake, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

William Greenwood, private, £3 15s 10d

John Grainger, private, £3 15s 10d

John Griffiths, private, £3 15s 10d

John Houston, private, £3 15s 10d

Philip Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d

Stephen Barrett, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Hinching, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates carried forward, £141 13s 4d

Carried forward, £1,474 16s 9d

Interpretations

The recruits from the Lord Camden were entered on the pay list from 15 April 1772, the day the ship arrived. Two of them did not last. William Brakeston was discharged after a single month and Robert Elliott after two. Both were probably found unfit once on the island, men too sickly or too old to serve, whom the recruiting officers in England had passed on regardless. The Company had paid their passage out and a surgeon's fee for landing them alive, only to discharge them within weeks.

37

33

1772

Brought over

£ 1474 . 16 . 9

Private Brought over£ 141 . 13 . 4

Edw. Hayes

3 . 15 . 10

Fras. Hendrick

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Hyams Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

Willm. Jones

3 . 15 . 10

John Johnson

3 . 15 . 10

John Jones

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Love

3 . 15 . 10

Patrick Lynch

3 . 15 . 10

Michl. Leonard Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

Duncan McLaron

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Mumford

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Mudge

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Page

3 . 15 . 10

Chas. Pelliter

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Palmer

3 . 15 . 10

John Potts

3 . 15 . 10

Jo. Power Ent. 11 May transfd. 11 June

1 . 6 . 8

William Robinson

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Rogers

3 . 15 . 10

Anthy. Reynolds

3 . 15 . 10

Geo. Roe

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Saxby

3 . 15 . 10

John Stewart dischd. 24 June

3 . 10 . 10

Jos. Stacey

3 . 15 . 10

Jas. Snell

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Snell

3 . 15 . 10

Gregory Southernwood

3 . 15 . 10

Carolus Sibert dischd. 24 June

3 . 10 . 10

Thos. Smith Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

Jos. Sullivan Ent. 8 & dischd. 25 May

1 . 14 . 2

John Santon

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Townsend

3 . 15 . 10

John Thistlewood

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Thomas

3 . 15 . 10

John Taylor

3 . 15 . 10

Private Carried over

£ 267 . 11 . 8

Carried over

£ 1474 . 16 . 9

The list of private soldiers in the First Company continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,474 16s 9d

Privates brought forward, £16 15s 0d

Emanuel Bonner, private, £3 15s 10d

William Benson, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Brown, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Barwick, private, £3 15s 10d

Mark Belle, private, £3 15s 10d

Joseph Burcham, private, £3 15s 10d

Stephen Battenham, private, £3 15s 10d

William Brakeston, private, enlisted 15 April 1772 and discharged 15 May 1772, £1 14s 2d

Patrick Conner, private, £3 15s 10d

John Charlton, private, £3 15s 10d

William Coffin, private, £3 15s 10d

Anthony Clark, private, £3 15s 10d

John Croucher, private, to his discharge on 24 June 1772, £3 10s 10d

John Coleman, private, to his death on 14 May 1772, £1 16s 8d

Ralph Channing, private, £3 15s 10d

William Cuton, private, to his discharge on 25 May 1772, £2 5s 10d

Richard Craigs, private, £3 15s 10d

John Davis, private, £3 15s 10d

John Dore, private, £3 15s 10d

James Drake, private, £3 15s 10d

John Desbrough, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

Adam Evans, private, £3 15s 10d

John Ellis, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Elliott, private, enlisted 15 April 1772 and discharged 14 June 1772, £2 19s 2d

William French, private, £3 15s 10d

William Fisher, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Frost, private, £3 15s 10d

John Drake, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

William Greenwood, private, £3 15s 10d

John Grainger, private, £3 15s 10d

John Griffiths, private, £3 15s 10d

John Houston, private, £3 15s 10d

Philip Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d

Stephen Barrett, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Hinching, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates carried forward, £141 13s 4d

Carried forward, £1,474 16s 9d

Interpretations

The recruits from the Lord Camden were entered on the pay list from 15 April 1772, the day the ship arrived. Two of them did not last. William Brakeston was discharged after a single month and Robert Elliott after two. Both were probably found unfit once on the island, men too sickly or too old to serve, whom the recruiting officers in England had passed on regardless. The Company had paid their passage out and a surgeon's fee for landing them alive, only to discharge them within weeks.

38

34

20th July

Brought over

£ 1474 . 16 . 9

Private Brought over£ 267 . 11 . 8

Jos. Vallentine

3 . 15 . 10

Benj. Wise

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Windall

3 . 15 . 10

George Wall

3 . 15 . 10

Bartw. Welch

3 . 15 . 10

John Walters

3 . 15 . 10

Henry Wood

3 . 15 . 10

John White

3 . 15 . 10

John Waterfield

3 . 15 . 10

Edw. Wickenden

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Westbury

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Warner

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Wallington

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Wright Entd. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

320 . 1 . 8

Second Company viz.

Henry Bazett Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Thos. Lambert Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

John Bazett Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Lachlin Leslie Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

Willm. Merrick

7 . 11 . 8

Thos. Ash

7 . 11 . 8

Joseph Whaley

7 . 11 . 8

James Elgin

7 . 11 . 8

Willm. Wills

7 . 11 . 8

Joseph McAtiney

7 . 11 . 8

45 . 10

Carried over

£ 2009 . 17 . 9½

The list of private soldiers in the First Company concluded, followed by the officers and sergeants of the Second Company.

Brought forward, £1,474 16s 9d

Privates brought forward, £267 11s 8d

Joseph Valentine, private, £3 15s 10d

Benjamin Wise, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Windall, private, £3 15s 10d

George Wall, private, £3 15s 10d

Bartholomew Welch, private, £3 15s 10d

John Walker, private, £3 15s 10d

Henry Wood, private, £3 15s 10d

John White, private, £3 15s 10d

John Waterfield, private, £3 15s 10d

Edward Wickenden, private, £3 15s 10d

William Westbury, private, £3 15s 10d

William Warner, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Wallington, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Wright, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

Privates, total, £320 1s 8d

Henry Bazett, captain, £59 6s 3d

Thomas Lambert, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Lambert, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Lambert, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Lambert, total, £36 14s 4½d

John Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

John Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Bazett, total, £36 14s 4½d

Lauchlin Leslie, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

Lauchlin Leslie, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Lauchlin Leslie, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Lauchlin Leslie, total, £36 14s 4½d

William Merrick, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Thomas Seale, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Joseph Whaley, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

James Elgin, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

William Wills, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Joseph McElroy, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Sergeants, total, £45 10s 0d

Carried forward, £2,009 17s 9½d

Interpretations

Joseph McElroy, a corporal of the Second Company in earlier quarters, now drew a sergeant's pay for the whole quarter, giving the company a sixth sergeant. The extra post matched the enlarged garrison that the Lord Camden's recruits had brought. Lieutenant Thomas Lambert still drew his full pay while his request of 18 May 1772 for a place on the Military Fund waited on the Court's answer.

39

35

1772

Brought over

£ 2009 . 17 . 9½

Corporals viz.

Augustine Hitchcock

5 . 6 . 2

Benj. Thomas

5 . 6 . 2

Jacob Abram

5 . 6 . 2

John Sharrs

5 . 6 . 2

Saml. Warren

5 . 6 . 2

Willm. Carter

5 . 6 . 2

31 . 17

Drummers viz.

Benjamin Seale

5 . 6 . 2

John Rynd

5 . 6 . 2

10 . 12 . 4

Private viz.

Timothy Atherton

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Brooks

3 . 15 . 10

Danl. Bye

3 . 15 . 10

Henry Batchelor

3 . 15 . 10

John Blevin

3 . 15 . 10

Chas. Burnes

3 . 15 . 10

Jas. Beard

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Brown to 29 April Died

1 . 4 . 2

John Cunningham

3 . 15 . 10

Jas. Collins

3 . 15 . 10

John Coffee

3 . 15 . 10

Henning Clamp

3 . 15 . 10

Jno. Clark Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

Willm. Brennan

3 . 15 . 10

John Dailey

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Daniels

3 . 15 . 10

Danl. Dore

3 . 15 . 10

Peter Ellam

3 . 15 . 10

David Evans

3 . 15 . 10

James Every

3 . 15 . 10

Jonah Edwards

3 . 15 . 10

John Evans

3 . 15 . 10

John Forbes

3 . 15 . 10

Private Carried over

£ 84 . 19

Carried over

£ 2052 . 7 . 1½

The list continued with the corporals, drummers and private soldiers of the Second Company.

Brought forward, £2,009 17s 9½d

Augustine Hitchcock, corporal, £5 6s 2d

Benjamin Thomas, corporal, £5 6s 2d

Jacob Shearn, corporal, £5 6s 2d

John Stone, corporal, £5 6s 2d

Samuel Warren, corporal, £5 6s 2d

William Carter, corporal, £5 6s 2d

Corporals, total, £31 17s 0d

Benjamin Seale, drummer, £5 6s 2d

John Ryall, drummer, £5 6s 2d

Drummers, total, £10 12s 4d

Timothy Atherton, private, £3 15s 10d

William Brooks, private, £3 15s 10d

Daniel Bye, private, £3 15s 10d

Henry Batchelor, private, £3 15s 10d

John Blevin, private, £3 15s 10d

Charles Bruner, private, £3 15s 10d

James Beard, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Brown, private, to his death on 29 April 1772, £1 4s 2d

John Cunningham, private, £3 15s 10d

James Chillis, private, £3 15s 10d

John Coffee, private, £3 15s 10d

Loving Clamp, private, £3 15s 10d

John Clark, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

William Drinnan, private, £3 15s 10d

John Daily, private, £3 15s 10d

William Daniels, private, £3 15s 10d

Daniel Doe, private, £3 15s 10d

Peter Ellam, private, £3 15s 10d

David Evans, private, £3 15s 10d

James Every, private, £3 15s 10d

Jacob Edwards, private, £3 15s 10d

John Evans, private, £3 15s 10d

John Forbes, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates carried forward, £84 19s 0d

Carried forward, £2,052 7s 1½d

Interpretations

Augustine Hitchcock, Benjamin Thomas and William Carter, all privates of the Second Company in earlier quarters, now held the rank of corporal. They filled the places of Joseph McElroy, raised to sergeant, and of corporals moved elsewhere. Thomas Brown was paid to 29 April 1772, the day the minutes recorded the death of Thomas Biffin, so two privates of the garrison died within days of one another as the winter set in.

40

36

20th July

Brought over

£ 2052 . 7 . 1½

Private Brought over£ 84 . 10

Willm. Fallwood

3 . 15 . 10

John Eames Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

John Goodsole

3 . 15 . 10

John Gray

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Green

3 . 15 . 10

Philip Gleason

3 . 15 . 10

David Grant

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Griffiths

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Richd. Grosvenor

3 . 15 . 10

Josiah Gentleman Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

Willm. Harris Senr. Died 21 Do.

17 . 6

Thos. Hayes Died to Do.

8 . 4

Saml. Hiles

3 . 15 . 10

John Holbrook

3 . 15 . 10

James Hudson

3 . 15 . 10

John Ham

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Hart

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Hardie

3 . 15 . 10

John Haynge

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Harrison

3 . 15 . 10

Chas. Holloway

3 . 15 . 10

Geo. Hatch

3 . 15 . 10

Edw. Hughes

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Harris Junr. dischd. 24 June

3 . 10 . 10

James Hubbard Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

Willm. Hargate Do.

3 . 4 . 2

Willm. Hinxton Do.

3 . 4 . 2

Saml. Instone

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Johnson

3 . 15 . 10

John James

3 . 15 . 10

John Jacob

3 . 15 . 10

John Jones

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Jerome

3 . 15 . 10

Saml. Kibson

3 . 15 . 10

John King

3 . 15 . 10

Private Carrd. over

£ 207 . 5 . 10

Carrd. over

£ 2052 . 7 . 1½

The list of private soldiers in the Second Company continued as follows.

Brought forward, £2,052 7s 1½d

Privates brought forward, £84 0s 10d

William Fullwood, private, £3 15s 10d

John Eames, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

John Goodale, private, £3 15s 10d

John Gray, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Green, private, £3 15s 10d

Philip Gleason, private, £3 15s 10d

David Grant, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Griffiths, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Richard Grosvenor, private, £3 15s 10d

Josiah Gentleman, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

William Harris senior, private, to his death on 21 April 1772, £0 17s 6d

Thomas Hayes, private, to his death on 10 April 1772, £0 8s 4d

Samuel Hiles, private, £3 15s 10d

John Holbrook, private, £3 15s 10d

James Hudson, private, £3 15s 10d

John Ham, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Hart, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Hardie, private, £3 15s 10d

John Haynge, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Harrison, private, £3 15s 10d

Charles Holloway, private, £3 15s 10d

George Hatch, private, £3 15s 10d

Edward Hughes, private, £3 15s 10d

William Harris junior, private, to his discharge on 24 June 1772, £3 10s 10d

James Hubbard, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

William Hargate, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

William Hereton, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

Samuel Instone, private, £3 15s 10d

William Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d

John James, private, £3 15s 10d

John Jacobs, private, £3 15s 10d

John Jones, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Jerrams, private, £3 15s 10d

Samuel Kitson, private, £3 15s 10d

John King, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates carried forward, £207 5s 10d

Carried forward, £2,052 7s 1½d

Interpretations

The company had two men named William Harris, distinguished as senior and junior. The elder died on 21 April 1772, the date the minutes recorded, and the younger was discharged at the end of June. Five recruits from the Lord Camden, all enlisted on 15 April, joined this company alone. The Council spread the new men across the companies to fill the places of the dead and the discharged.

41

37

1772

Brought over

£ 2052 . 7 . 1½

Private Brought over£ 207 . 5 . 10

Henry Kirkham

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Kingscot

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Little

3 . 15 . 10

John Lockhart

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Lee

3 . 15 . 10

John McCullen

3 . 15 . 10

John Morris

3 . 15 . 10

Peter Mahan

3 . 15 . 10

Jno. McAllister Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

Thos. Mantell Do.

3 . 4 . 2

Pierce Osborne

3 . 15 . 10

Jacob Peters

3 . 15 . 10

Saml. Packer

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Palmer

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Pearce

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Page

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Paddam

3 . 15 . 10

John Peavy dischd. 13 April

10 . 10

John Pratt Died the 5th Do.

4 . 2

John Roberts

3 . 15 . 10

Quin Quennell Ent. 6 May

2 . 6 . 8

Jno. Christ. Ruffe

3 . 15 . 10

John Salisbury

3 . 15 . 10

Fredk. Shaffer

3 . 15 . 10

Mark Trueman

3 . 15 . 10

John Vaughan

3 . 15 . 10

Fras. Veatch

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. White

3 . 15 . 10

Fras. Mears

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Morgan

3 . 15 . 10

John Waters

3 . 15 . 10

Joseph Miller

319 . 3 . 4

Third Company viz.

Richard Beale Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Carried over

£ 2430 . 16 . 8½

The list of private soldiers in the Second Company concluded, followed by the captain of the Third Company.

Brought forward, £2,052 7s 1½d

Privates brought forward, £207 5s 10d

Henry Kirkham, private, £3 15s 10d

William Kingcott, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Little, private, £3 15s 10d

John Lockhart, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Lee, private, £3 15s 10d

John McCullen, private, £3 15s 10d

John Morris, private, £3 15s 10d

Peter Mahan, private, £3 15s 10d

John McAllister, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

Thomas Mantell, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

Pierce Osborne, private, £3 15s 10d

Jacob Peters, private, £3 15s 10d

Samuel Parker, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Palmer, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Pearce, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Page, private, £3 15s 10d

William Peddow, private, £3 15s 10d

John Pury, private, to his discharge on 13 April 1772, £0 10s 10d

John Pratt, private, to his death on 5 April 1772, £0 4s 2d

John Roberts, private, £3 15s 10d

Quinwright Querney, private, enlisted 6 May 1772, £2 6s 8d

John Christian Stoffe, private, £3 15s 10d

John Salisbury, private, £3 15s 10d

Frederick Schaffer, private, £3 15s 10d

Mark Trueman, private, £3 15s 10d

John Vaughan, private, £3 15s 10d

Francis Smith, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard White, private, £3 15s 10d

Francis Mears, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Morgan, private, £3 15s 10d

John Waters, private, £3 15s 10d

Joseph Millar, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates, total, £319 3s 4d

Richard Beale, captain of the Third Company, £59 6s 3d

Carried forward, £2,430 16s 8½d

Interpretations

Quinwright Querney, left behind by the Asia, was paid from 6 May 1772, the day the Council enlisted him with a £5 bounty, 56 days at 10d. John Waters, left behind by the British King in March, now drew a full quarter as a private of this company. John Pury was among the five men discharged at the end of their terms on 13 April 1772, and John Pratt died on 5 April, both dates matching the minutes.

42

38

20th July

Brought over

£ 2430 . 16 . 8½

Thomas Bazett Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Thomas Statham Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Richd. Mason Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

Willm. Clifton

7 . 11 . 8

James Goody

12 . 2 . 8

David Scott

7 . 11 . 8

Thos. Hughes

7 . 11 . 8

Wm. Hill reduced the 5 May

2 . 18 . 4

Thos. Blake

7 . 11 . 8

Hatton Walker reduced 5 June

2 . 16 . 8

John Pearce Ent. from 5 & 7 June

1 . 16 . 8

50 . 1

Corporals viz.

Hatton Walker made Serjt. 6 May

2 . 10

David Patton

5 . 6 . 2

James York

5 . 6 . 2

John Merrill

5 . 6 . 2

Joseph Burton

5 . 6 . 2

Willm. Johnson

5 . 6 . 2

Richd. White

5 . 6 . 2

31 . 17

Drummers viz.

George Varney

5 . 6 . 2

John Martin

5 . 6 . 2

10 . 12 . 4

Carried over

£ 2633 . 10 . 2

The list continued with the lieutenants, sergeants, corporals and drummers of the Third Company.

Brought forward, £2,430 16s 8½d

Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Bazett, total, £36 14s 4½d

Thomas Statham, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Statham, total, £36 14s 4½d

Richard Mason, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

Richard Mason, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Richard Mason, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Richard Mason, total, £36 14s 4½d

William Clifton, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

James Goudy, sergeant, £12 2s 8d

David Scott, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Thomas Hughes, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

William Bell, sergeant, until reduced on 5 May 1772, £2 18s 4d

Thomas Blake, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Hatton Walker, sergeant, until reduced on 3 June 1772, £2 16s 8d

John Pearce, sergeant, from 3 June 1772, £1 16s 8d

Sergeants, total, £50 1s 0d

Hatton Walker, corporal, until made sergeant on 6 May 1772, £2 0s 10d

David Patton, corporal, £5 6s 2d

James York, corporal, £5 6s 2d

John Merrill, corporal, £5 6s 2d

Joseph Burton, corporal, £5 6s 2d

William Johnson, corporal, £5 6s 2d

Richard White, corporal, £5 6s 2d

Corporals, total, £31 17s 0d

George Varney, drummer, £5 6s 2d

John Marten, drummer, £5 6s 2d

Drummers, total, £10 12s 4d

Carried forward, £2,633 10s 2d

Interpretations

The Third Company lost two sergeants in a month. William Bell was reduced to the ranks on 5 May 1772, and Corporal Hatton Walker was promoted the next day to take his place. Walker himself was reduced on 3 June, less than a month later, and John Pearce took over. Such rapid demotions suggest trouble in the company, probably drunkenness, which the Council regarded as a serious offence in a non-commissioned officer after the Caldwell affair. James Goudy again drew the higher sergeant's pay of £12 2s 8d, presumably for the extra duty he held.

43

39

2633 . 10 . 2

Private viz.

Jas. Anderson

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Ashford

3 . 15 . 10

Jno. Aston

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Abbott Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

Jacob Bull

3 . 15 . 10

Jno. Blackburn

3 . 15 . 10

Fredk. Wm. Beard

3 . 15 . 10

Jas. Brown

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Barff

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Brown Died 23 April

19 . 2

William Bailey

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Beale

3 . 15 . 10

Joseph Barber

3 . 15 . 10

John Cork

3 . 15 . 10

Philip Cock

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Cooke

3 . 15 . 10

Benj. Courtney

3 . 15 . 10

Geo. Chariott

3 . 15 . 10

Jas. Curtis

3 . 15 . 10

Maurice Downey

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Downs

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Davy

3 . 15 . 10

Peter Dilly

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Edwards

3 . 15 . 10

Chas. Edghill

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Elliott

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Ford

3 . 15 . 10

John Ferguson

3 . 15 . 10

Owen Griffiths

3 . 15 . 10

Chas. Grierson

3 . 15 . 10

Felix Hyder

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Hopkins

3 . 15 . 10

Joseph Holloway

3 . 15 . 10

Peter Higgins

3 . 15 . 10

Edw. Hazell

3 . 15 . 10

Private Carried over

£ 179 . 5 . 10

Carried over

£ 2633 . 10 . 2

The list continued with the private soldiers of the Third Company.

Brought forward, £2,633 10s 2d

James Anderson, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Ashford, private, £3 15s 10d

John Aston, private, £3 15s 10d

[...] Abbott, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

Jacob Bull, private, £3 15s 10d

John Blackhorn, private, £3 15s 10d

Frederick William Beard, private, £3 15s 10d

James Brown, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Barff, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Brown, private, to his death on 23 April 1772, £0 19s 2d

William Bailey, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Bale, private, £3 15s 10d

Joseph Barber, private, £3 15s 10d

John Cole, private, £3 15s 10d

Philip Cork, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Cooke, private, £3 15s 10d

Benjamin Courtney, private, £3 15s 10d

George Chariott, private, £3 15s 10d

James Curtis, private, £3 15s 10d

Maurice Downey, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Downs, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Davy, private, £3 15s 10d

Peter Dilly, private, £3 15s 10d

William Edwards, private, £3 15s 10d

Charles Edgill, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Elliott, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Ford, private, £3 15s 10d

John Ferguson, private, £3 15s 10d

Owen Griffiths, private, £3 15s 10d

Charles Grierson, private, £3 15s 10d

Felix Hyder, private, £3 15s 10d

William Hepburn, private, £3 15s 10d

Joseph Holloway, private, £3 15s 10d

Peter Higgins, private, £3 15s 10d

Edward Hazell, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates carried forward, £179 5s 10d

Carried forward, £2,633 10s 2d

44

40

20th July

Brought over

£ 2633 . 10 . 2

Private Brought over£ 179 . 5 . 10

John Hilliard

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Hayes

3 . 15 . 10

Saml. Harsant

3 . 15 . 10

John House

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Hamilton

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Hunter

3 . 15 . 10

Saml. Johnson

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Jameson

3 . 15 . 10

John Jacks

3 . 15 . 10

Joseph Jones

3 . 15 . 10

James Kemp

3 . 15 . 10

Jos. Kent Ent. 15 Apl. & dischd. 25 May

1 . 14 . 2

Edw. Lambourne

3 . 15 . 10

Bryan Lynch dischd. 24 June

3 . 10 . 10

John Lane

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Moyes

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Morris

3 . 15 . 10

Abraham Major

3 . 15 . 10

Jos. Martin

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Matthews

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Medcalf dischd. 5 April

7 . 6

Chas. Morris

3 . 15 . 10

Abraham Miller

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Owens

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Perry

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Probis

3 . 15 . 10

Jas. Proctor dischd. 2 May

1 . 6 . 8

Richd. Penney

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Powell

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Parker dischd. 24 June

3 . 10 . 10

Saml. Ridding Do.

3 . 10 . 10

Adam Scott

3 . 15 . 10

Arthur Shill

3 . 15 . 10

John Sherland Died 1 May

1 . 5 . 10

Richd. Slaughter

3 . 15 . 10

Private Carrd. over

£ 250 . 15 . 10

Carried over

£ 2633 . 10 . 2

The list of private soldiers in the Third Company continued as follows.

Brought forward, £2,633 10s 2d

Privates brought forward, £179 5s 10d

John Hilliard, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Hayes, private, £3 15s 10d

Samuel Harsant, private, £3 15s 10d

John House, private, £3 15s 10d

William Hamilton, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Hunter, private, £3 15s 10d

Samuel Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d

William Jameson, private, £3 15s 10d

John Jacks, private, £3 15s 10d

Joseph Jones, private, £3 15s 10d

James Kemp, private, £3 15s 10d

Joseph Kent, private, enlisted 15 April 1772 and discharged 25 May 1772, £1 14s 2d

Edward Lambourn, private, £3 15s 10d

Bryan Lynch, private, to his discharge on 24 June 1772, £3 10s 10d

John Lane, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Moyer, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Morris, private, £3 15s 10d

Abraham Major, private, £3 15s 10d

Joseph Martin, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Matthews, private, £3 15s 10d

William Medcalf, private, to his discharge on 9 April 1772, £0 7s 6d

Charles Morris, private, £3 15s 10d

Abraham Millar, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Owens, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Perry, private, £3 15s 10d

William Peebles, private, £3 15s 10d

James Proctor, private, to his discharge on 2 May 1772, £1 6s 8d

Richard Penny, private, £3 15s 10d

William Powell, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Parker, private, to his discharge on 24 June 1772, £3 10s 10d

Samuel Pickling, private, to his discharge on 24 June 1772, £3 10s 10d

Adam Scott, private, £3 15s 10d

Arthur Shield, private, £3 15s 10d

John Sherland, private, to his death on 1 May 1772, £1 5s 10d

Richard Slaughter, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates carried forward, £250 15s 10d

Carried forward, £2,633 10s 2d

Interpretations

Joseph Kent was a third recruit from the Lord Camden to be discharged within weeks of arriving, after Brakeston and Elliott of the First Company. Three men in a single draft found unfit so soon points to careless recruiting in England. Several time-expired soldiers were discharged together on 24 June 1772, in time to take passage in the Grosvenor and the Duke of Richmond, then lying in the road.

45

41

1772

Brought over

£ 2633 . 10 . 2

Private Brought over£ 250 . 15 . 10

Richd. Spight

3 . 15 . 10

Stephen Seymore

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Smith

3 . 15 . 10

John Saunders dischd. 24 June

3 . 10 . 10

David Stein

3 . 15 . 10

Geo. Short

3 . 15 . 10

John Thompson Senr.

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Taylor

3 . 15 . 10

Geo. Towns

3 . 15 . 10

John Thompson Junr.

3 . 15 . 10

Jacob Thompson

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Vincent

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Ward

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Waller

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. White promoted 6 May

1 . 9 . 2

Hatton Walker

18 . 4

Fras. Wainwright

3 . 15 . 10

Jos. Dailey Ent. 20 May

1 . 13

Willm. Hill dischd. 10 Do.

4 . 2

Thos. Nash

3 . 15 . 10

315 . 13 . 10

Fourth Company viz.

John Howard Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Saml. Desfountain Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

James Greentree Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Robert Gosling Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Carried over

£ 3118 . 10 . 4½

The list of private soldiers in the Third Company concluded, followed by the officers of the Fourth Company.

Brought forward, £2,633 10s 2d

Privates brought forward, £250 15s 10d

Richard Spike, private, £3 15s 10d

Stephen Seymour, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Smith, private, £3 15s 10d

John Saunders, private, to his discharge on 24 June 1772, £3 10s 10d

David Stein, private, £3 15s 10d

George Short, private, £3 15s 10d

John Thompson senior, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Taylor, private, £3 15s 10d

George Towns, private, £3 15s 10d

John Thompson junior, private, £3 15s 10d

Jacob Thompson, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Vincent, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Ward, private, £3 15s 10d

William Waller, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard White, private, until promoted on 6 May 1772, £1 9s 2d

Hatton Walker, private, from his reduction, £0 18s 4d

Francis Wainwright, private, £3 15s 10d

Joseph Cayley, private, enlisted 21 May 1772, £1 13s 4d

William Hill, private, to his discharge, £0 4s 2d

Thomas Nash, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates, total, £315 15s 10d

John Howard, captain of the Fourth Company, £59 6s 3d

Samuel Desfontaine, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

Samuel Desfontaine, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Samuel Desfontaine, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Samuel Desfontaine, total, £36 14s 4½d

James Greentree, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

James Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

James Greentree, house rent, £2 10s 0d

James Greentree, total, £36 14s 4½d

Robert Gosling, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

Robert Gosling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Robert Gosling, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Robert Gosling, total, £36 14s 4½d

Carried forward, £3,118 10s 4½d

Interpretations

Hatton Walker's quarter can be traced across three entries. He drew corporal's pay to 6 May, sergeant's pay to 3 June, and a private's pay for the rest of the quarter after his reduction. In eight weeks he rose two ranks and fell back to the bottom. Joseph Cayley, left behind by the York, was paid from 21 May 1772, the day of his enlistment with a £10 bounty.

46

42

20th July

Brought over

£ 3118 . 10 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

John Deal

7 . 11 . 8

John Terry

7 . 11 . 8

Thos. Williams

7 . 11 . 8

George Wood

7 . 11 . 8

Willm. Sharp

7 . 11 . 8

Thos. Hylock

7 . 11 . 8

45 . 10

Corporals viz.

Geo. Smith

5 . 6 . 2

Willm. Taylor

5 . 6 . 2

James Yeard

5 . 6 . 2

Geo. German

5 . 6 . 2

John Stockdale

5 . 6 . 2

John Johnson to 5 May broke

5 . 6 . 2

30 . 18 . 4

Drummers viz.

James Moyes

5 . 6 . 2

John Harper

5 . 6 . 2

10 . 12 . 4

Private viz.

John Anderson to 5 May promoted

4 . 14 . 6

John Allen

3 . 15 . 10

Geo. Bennet

3 . 15 . 10

Joseph Blackwell

3 . 15 . 10

John Bowler

3 . 15 . 10

Will. Blackman

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Bailey

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Bickerstaff

3 . 15 . 10

Wm. Caleb Baldwin

3 . 15 . 10

James Boyce to 24 June dischd.

3 . 10 . 10

Jacob Bonz

3 . 15 . 10

Jonth. Butcher

3 . 15 . 10

John Bates

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Buckles

3 . 15 . 10

John Bard

3 . 15 . 10

Private Carried over

£ 57 . 11 . 2

Carried over

£ 3205 . 11 . ½

The list continued with the sergeants, corporals, drummers and private soldiers of the Fourth Company.

Brought forward, £3,118 10s 4½d

John Deal, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

John Terry, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Thomas Williams, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

George Wood, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

William Sharpe, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Thomas Kilock, sergeant, £7 11s 8d

Sergeants, total, £45 10s 0d

George Smith, corporal, £5 6s 2d

William Taylor, corporal, £5 6s 2d

James Yoad, corporal, £5 6s 2d

George Germain, corporal, £5 6s 2d

John Stockdale, corporal, £5 6s 2d

John Johnson, corporal, until reduced on 5 May 1772, £5 6s 2d

Corporals, total, £30 18s 4d

James Moyse, drummer, £5 6s 2d

John Harper, drummer, £5 6s 2d

Drummers, total, £10 12s 4d

John Anderson, private, until promoted on 5 May 1772, £4 14s 6d

John Allen, private, £3 15s 10d

George Bennet, private, £3 15s 10d

Joseph Blackwell, private, £3 15s 10d

John Bowler, private, £3 15s 10d

William Blackman, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Bailey, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Bickerstaff, private, £3 15s 10d

William Caleb Baldwin, private, £3 15s 10d

James Boyce, private, to his discharge on 24 June 1772, £3 10s 10d

Jacob Bonze, private, £3 15s 10d

Jonathan Butcher, private, £3 15s 10d

John Bates, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Buckle, private, £3 15s 10d

John Bird, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates carried forward, £57 11s 2d

Carried forward, £3,205 11s 0½d

Interpretations

Thomas Kilock, reduced from sergeant to the ranks on 9 December 1771, was a sergeant again for the whole of this quarter. Reduction in the Company's garrison was not always final, and a man who recovered his officers' confidence could regain his stripes within months. The Fourth Company's changes continued: Corporal John Johnson was broken on 5 May 1772 and Private John Anderson promoted the same day to replace him, the fourth such exchange in the company in six months.

47

43

1772

Brought over

£ 3205 . 11 . ½

Private Brought over£ 57 . 11 . 2

Willm. Corksay

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Close

3 . 15 . 10

Josiah Cummings

3 . 15 . 10

John Campion

3 . 15 . 10

John Clemans

3 . 15 . 10

Saml. Clare

3 . 15 . 10

John Collins

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Dawson

3 . 15 . 10

James Dennis

3 . 15 . 10

John Dean

3 . 15 . 10

Chas. Field

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Ferris

3 . 15 . 10

Fras. Flynn

3 . 15 . 10

Hugh Frewen Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

Geo. Green

3 . 15 . 10

John Gilmore

3 . 15 . 10

Edw. German

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Goodfellow

3 . 15 . 10

Fredk. Gallion

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Goulding

3 . 15 . 10

Edw. Groves

3 . 15 . 10

Benj. Garrard

3 . 15 . 10

Henry Harrenburg

3 . 15 . 10

Roger Haydon

3 . 15 . 10

Henry Hamilton

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Hilliard

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Hailes

3 . 15 . 10

Christ. Johnson

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Johnson

3 . 15 . 10

John Joyce

3 . 15 . 10

John Jones

3 . 15 . 10

James Jordan

3 . 15 . 10

Richd. Kempton

3 . 15 . 10

Michl. Keary

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Lyne

3 . 15 . 10

Private Carried over

£ 189 . 13 . 2

Carried over

£ 3205 . 11 . ½

The list of private soldiers in the Fourth Company continued as follows.

Brought forward, £3,205 11s 0½d

Privates brought forward, £57 11s 2d

William Cooksey, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Close, private, £3 15s 10d

Josiah Cummings, private, £3 15s 10d

John Crampton, private, £3 15s 10d

John Clemans, private, £3 15s 10d

Samuel Clare, private, £3 15s 10d

John Collins, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Dawson, private, £3 15s 10d

James Dennis, private, £3 15s 10d

John Dean, private, £3 15s 10d

Charles Field, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Ferris, private, £3 15s 10d

Francis Flynn, private, £3 15s 10d

Hugh Fewen, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

George Green, private, £3 15s 10d

John Gilmore, private, £3 15s 10d

Edward Germain, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Goodfellow, private, £3 15s 10d

Frederick Gallion, private, £3 15s 10d

William Golding, private, £3 15s 10d

Edward Groves, private, £3 15s 10d

Benjamin Garrard, private, £3 15s 10d

Henry Harrenburg, private, £3 15s 10d

Roger Haydon, private, £3 15s 10d

Henry Hamilton, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Hilliard, private, £3 15s 10d

William Hales, private, £3 15s 10d

Christian Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Johnson, private, £3 15s 10d

John Joyce, private, £3 15s 10d

John Jones, private, £3 15s 10d

James Jordan, private, £3 15s 10d

Richard Kempton, private, £3 15s 10d

Michael Keary, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Lyne, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates carried forward, £189 13s 8d

Carried forward, £3,205 11s 0½d

Interpretations

Benjamin Garrard, promoted to sergeant on 9 December 1771 and reduced again in March 1772, served the whole quarter as a private. His place among the sergeants had gone back to Thomas Kilock, the man he originally replaced. The two had simply changed places twice in four months.

48

44

20th July

Brought over

£ 3205 . 11 . ½

Private Brought over£ 189 . 13 . 8

Chas. Lewellen

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. McDearman

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. May

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Morgan dischd. 24 June

3 . 10 . 10

John Moya

3 . 15 . 10

John Newton

3 . 15 . 10

John Oswald dischd. 15 June

3 . 3 . 4

Danl. Patrick

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Parker

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Pritchard

3 . 15 . 10

John Pink

3 . 15 . 10

John Pheed

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Powell

3 . 15 . 10

Michl. Perkins dischd. 24 June

3 . 10 . 10

Richd. Penney Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

Richd. Pearce Do.

3 . 4 . 2

Robt. Parkinson Do.

3 . 4 . 2

James Richardson

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Seaman

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Steadman

3 . 15 . 10

James Sea

3 . 15 . 10

Chas. Smith

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Smith Ent. 15 April

3 . 4 . 2

James Steppard dischd. 24 June

3 . 10 . 10

Thos. Stephens

3 . 15 . 10

John Turner

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Tucker

3 . 15 . 10

Stephen Vanderhorst

3 . 15 . 10

Willm. Waite

3 . 15 . 10

Thos. Watts

3 . 15 . 10

Jas. Willson

3 . 15 . 10

Saml. Willson

3 . 15 . 10

John Wood

3 . 15 . 10

Peter White

3 . 15 . 10

John Windall

3 . 15 . 10

John Wilkinson

3 . 15 . 10

Robt. Woody

3 . 15 . 10

326 . 5 . 4

Carried over

£ 3531 . 16 . 4½

The list of private soldiers in the Fourth Company concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £3,205 11s 0½d

Privates brought forward, £189 13s 8d

Charles Lewellen, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas McDearman, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert May, private, £3 15s 10d

William Morgan, private, to his discharge on 24 June 1772, £3 10s 10d

John Moyes, private, £3 15s 10d

John Newton, private, £3 15s 10d

John Oswald, private, to his discharge on 15 June 1772, £3 3s 4d

Daniel Patrick, private, £3 15s 10d

William Parker, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Pritchard, private, £3 15s 10d

John Pink, private, £3 15s 10d

John Price, private, £3 15s 10d

William Powell, private, £3 15s 10d

Michael Perkins, private, to his discharge on 24 June 1772, £3 10s 10d

Richard Penney, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

Richard Pearce, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

Robert Parkinson, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

James Richardson, private, £3 15s 10d

William Steadman, private, £3 15s 10d

William Seaman, private, £3 15s 10d

James Sea, private, £3 15s 10d

Charles Smith, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Smith, private, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 4s 2d

James Sheppard, private, to his discharge on 24 June 1772, £3 10s 10d

Thomas Stephens, private, £3 15s 10d

John Turner, private, £3 15s 10d

William Tucker, private, £3 15s 10d

Stephen Vanderhorst, private, £3 15s 10d

William Waite, private, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Watts, private, £3 15s 10d

James Wilson, private, £3 15s 10d

Samuel Wilson, private, £3 15s 10d

John Wood, private, £3 15s 10d

Peter White, private, £3 15s 10d

John Windall, private, £3 15s 10d

John Wilkinson, private, £3 15s 10d

Robert Woody, private, £3 15s 10d

Privates, total, £326 5s 4d

Carried forward, £3,531 16s 4½d

Interpretations

John Oswald was paid to 15 June 1772, the day the Council granted his petition for discharge at the end of his term. James Wilson, whose discharge the Council granted on 13 July, still drew a full quarter here, since his term ran past the end of June. William Tucker, reduced from corporal in March, served the whole quarter as a private alongside Benjamin Garrard.

49

45

1772

Brought over

£ 3531 . 16 . 4½

Artillery Company viz.

James Tippet Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Thos. Leech Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

John Shirley Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Robert Gilson Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

John Whitchurch

9 . 2

John Turner

9 . 2

James Pope

9 . 2

Thos. Ines

9 . 2

Sedgwick Wetherall

9 . 2

Benj. Holmes

9 . 2

54 . 12

Corporals viz.

Saml. Ringrow

6 . 16 . 6

James Waller

6 . 16 . 6

Willm. Pink

6 . 16 . 6

Willm. Crabb

6 . 16 . 6

John Fox

6 . 16 . 6

Willm. Stapleford

6 . 16 . 6

40 . 19

Bombardiers viz.

John Smith

6 . 16 . 6

Thos. Yates

6 . 16 . 6

Philip Conneway

6 . 16 . 6

Willm. Rankin

6 . 16 . 6

27 . 6

Carried over

£ 3824 . 2 . 9

The list continued with the officers, sergeants, corporals and bombardiers of the Artillery Company.

Brought forward, £3,531 16s 4½d

James Tippet, captain, £59 6s 3d

Thomas Leech, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Leech, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Leech, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Leech, total, £36 14s 4½d

John Shatley, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

John Shatley, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

John Shatley, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Shatley, total, £36 14s 4½d

Robert Gilson, lieutenant, pay, £27 7s 6d

Robert Gilson, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Robert Gilson, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Robert Gilson, total, £36 14s 4½d

John Whitchurch, sergeant, £9 2s 0d

John Turner, sergeant, £9 2s 0d

James Pafft, sergeant, £9 2s 0d

Thomas Innes, sergeant, £9 2s 0d

Sedgwick Wetherall, sergeant, £9 2s 0d

Benjamin Holmes, sergeant, £9 2s 0d

Sergeants, total, £54 12s 0d

Samuel Ringrose, corporal, £6 16s 6d

James Waller, corporal, £6 16s 6d

William Pink, corporal, £6 16s 6d

William Crabb, corporal, £6 16s 6d

John Fox, corporal, £6 16s 6d

William Stapleford, corporal, £6 16s 6d

Corporals, total, £40 19s 0d

John Smith, bombardier, £6 16s 6d

Thomas Yates, bombardier, £6 16s 6d

Philip Conway, bombardier, £6 16s 6d

William Rankin, bombardier, £6 16s 6d

Bombardiers, total, £27 6s 0d

Carried forward, £3,825 2s 9d

Interpretations

The artillery's reorganisation was now complete. The company had six sergeants, with Benjamin Holmes promoted to join Sedgwick Wetherall, and six corporals. Samuel Ringrose had re-enlisted with a £10 bounty on 23 March 1772. He now appeared as an artillery corporal, so the bounty brought a seasoned man straight into a post of responsibility. The bombardiers' pay rose to match the corporals' at £6 16s 6d, against £6 1s 6d in the first quarter of 1772. The Court evidently put the two junior ranks of the artillery on an equal footing. That made the gunners' service still more attractive to infantrymen hoping for a transfer.

50

46

20th July

Brought over

£ 3824 . 2 . 9

Gunners viz.

John Towers

6 . 1 . 4

Chas. Abraham

6 . 1 . 4

Willm. Rousing dischd. 1 May

2 . 1 . 4

Jas. Graham

6 . 1 . 4

John Wright

6 . 1 . 4

John Price

6 . 1 . 4

Edw. Ware reduced

5 . 2 . 8

Geo. Street

6 . 1 . 4

John Anderson

6 . 1 . 4

Matt. Chalton promoted

5 . 10 . 8

55 . 4

Drummers viz.

Jos. Purdy dischd. 15 April

15 . 6

Jos. Branston

5 . 6 . 2

Peter Fox Ent. 15 April

4 . 9 . 7

10 . 10 . 11

Matrosses viz.

Willm. Gossing

4 . 11

Willm. Allen

4 . 11

Thos. Allesworth

4 . 11

Benj. Burton

4 . 11

Willm. Blevin

4 . 11

Jos. Bowman

4 . 11

Thos. Bowen

4 . 11

John Cope

4 . 11

Robt. Cunningham

4 . 11

John Coleman

4 . 11

Matt. Craven

4 . 11

John Corbet

4 . 11

Thos. Connell

4 . 11

Jas. Dunn

4 . 11

Jas. Dawson

4 . 11

John Dorse

4 . 11

Willm. Durham

4 . 11

John Euston

4 . 11

Matrosses Carrd. over

£ 88 . 6

Carried over

£ 3889 . 17 . 8

The list continued with the gunners, drummers and matrosses of the Artillery Company.

Brought forward, £3,824 2s 9d

John Towers, gunner, £6 1s 4d

Charles Abraham, gunner, £6 1s 4d

William Rowsing, gunner, to his discharge on 1 May 1772, £2 1s 4d

James Graham, gunner, £6 1s 4d

John Wright, gunner, £6 1s 4d

John Price, gunner, £6 1s 4d

Edward Ware, gunner, until reduced, £5 2s 8d

George Street, gunner, £6 1s 4d

John Anderson, gunner, £6 1s 4d

Matthew Charlton, gunner, from his promotion, £5 10s 8d

Gunners, total, £55 4s 0d

Joseph Purdy, drummer, to his discharge on 13 April 1772, £0 15s 6d

Joseph Brandon, drummer, £5 6s 2d

Peter Fox, drummer, enlisted 15 April 1772, £4 9s 7d

Drummers, total, £10 10s 11d

William Gilford, matross, £4 11s 0d

William Allen, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Allsworth, matross, £4 11s 0d

Benjamin Burton, matross, £4 11s 0d

William Blevin, matross, £4 11s 0d

Joseph Bowman, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Bowen, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Cope, matross, £4 11s 0d

Robert Cunningham, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Coleman, matross, £4 11s 0d

Matthew Craven, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Corbett, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Connell, matross, £4 11s 0d

James Dunn, matross, £4 11s 0d

James Dawson, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Dorse, matross, £4 11s 0d

William Durham, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Easton, matross, £4 11s 0d

Matrosses carried forward, £88 6s 0d

Carried forward, £3,889 17s 8d

The sum brought forward on this page, £3,824 2s 9d, differs from the £3,825 2s 9d carried forward at the foot of the page before.

Interpretations

William Rowsing's pay stopped on 1 May 1772. That was the day before the Council discharged him on the Court's own instructions, without the usual petition at the end of his term. Joseph Purdy, one of the Artillery Company's two drummers, was discharged on 13 April with the time-expired men of that week. Peter Fox, a recruit from the Lord Camden, took his place two days later. Edward Ware was reduced from gunner and Matthew Charlton was promoted to replace him. The higher pay of the artillery made a gunner's place worth keeping, and its loss a real punishment.

51

47

1772

Brought over

£ 3889 . 17 . 8

Matrosses Brought over£ 88 . 6

Patrick Etherington

4 . 11

Jos. Fellow

4 . 11

Thos. Farr

4 . 11

Jos. Finlinson

4 . 11

Thomas Nimble

4 . 11

Thos. Faircliffe

4 . 11

Henry Friendly

4 . 11

Christian Greenwald

4 . 11

Thos. Gorell

4 . 11

James Gilmore

4 . 11

Thos. Green

4 . 11

James Griffiths

4 . 11

Nicholas Godfrey

4 . 11

Thos. Gibbs Ent. 15 April

3 . 17

Owen Howard

4 . 11

Alex. Henderson

4 . 11

Fras. Harding

4 . 11

Mullas Harper

4 . 11

Willm. Harrison

4 . 11

Maynard Hayes

4 . 11

Robt. Harmer

4 . 11

Willm. Hurst

4 . 11

Willm. Holloway Ent. 15 April

3 . 17

Joseph Judge Do.

3 . 17

Matt. Kernan

4 . 11

Geo. Marshall

4 . 11

John Moore

4 . 11

Richd. Morgan

4 . 11

John Mann

4 . 11

Evans Martin

4 . 11

James Munnings

4 . 11

Jonathan Mallet

4 . 11

Willm. Mackey

4 . 11

Willm. McBeth

4 . 11

Robt. Nicholls

4 . 11

Matrosses Carrd. over

£ 239 . 1

Carried over

£ 3889 . 17 . 8

The list of matrosses in the Artillery Company continued as follows.

Brought forward, £3,889 17s 8d

Matrosses brought forward, £88 6s 0d

Patrick Etherington, matross, £4 11s 0d

Joseph Fellows, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Farr, matross, £4 11s 0d

Joseph Finlinson, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Nimble, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Sandiford, matross, £4 11s 0d

Henry Friendly, matross, £4 11s 0d

Christian Greenwald, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Gorrell, matross, £4 11s 0d

James Gilmore, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Green, matross, £4 11s 0d

James Griffiths, matross, £4 11s 0d

Nicholas Godfrey, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Gibbs, matross, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 17s 0d

Owen Howard, matross, £4 11s 0d

Alexander Henderson, matross, £4 11s 0d

Francis Harding, matross, £4 11s 0d

Mullis Hopper, matross, £4 11s 0d

William Harrison, matross, £4 11s 0d

Maynard Hayes, matross, £4 11s 0d

Robert Harmer, matross, £4 11s 0d

William Hurst, matross, £4 11s 0d

William Holloway, matross, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 17s 0d

Joseph Judge, matross, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 17s 0d

Matthew Kernan, matross, £4 11s 0d

George Marshall, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Moore, matross, £4 11s 0d

Richard Morgan, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Mann, matross, £4 11s 0d

Enos Martin, matross, £4 11s 0d

James Munnings, matross, £4 11s 0d

Jonathan Mallet, matross, £4 11s 0d

William Mackay, matross, £4 11s 0d

William McBeth, matross, £4 11s 0d

Robert Nicholls, matross, £4 11s 0d

Matrosses carried forward, £239 1s 0d

Carried forward, £3,889 17s 8d

Interpretations

Three of the Lord Camden's recruits went straight into the Artillery Company as matrosses from 15 April 1772, on the gunners' rate of 1s a day rather than an infantry private's 10d. Thomas Nimble and Henry Friendly had served elsewhere before. Friendly appeared as a private of the Fourth Company in the first quarter of 1772. His transfer is a small example of the drafting from the infantry into the artillery that Corneille had resisted in 1771 and the Court's reorganisation now made routine.

52

48

20th July

Brought over

£ 3889 . 17 . 8

Matrosses Brought over£ 239 . 1

Willm. Phillips

4 . 11

Jas. Peacock

4 . 11

John Parker

4 . 11

Richd. Pearce

4 . 11

Willm. Robinson

4 . 11

Robt. Ripley

4 . 11

Chas. Russell

4 . 11

Abraham Pirrow

4 . 11

Thos. Richardson Ent. 15 April

3 . 17

Andrew Shoones

4 . 11

Godfrey Smith

4 . 11

Willm. Smith Junr.

4 . 11

Willm. Smith Senr.

4 . 11

John Smith

4 . 11

Stephen Swartzen dischd. 29 April

3 . 3

Willm. Shore

4 . 11

John Shoell

4 . 11

Thos. Selbey

4 . 11

Michl. Scully

4 . 18

Richd. Waterhouse

4 . 11

John Wilson

4 . 11

Saml. Wood

4 . 11

John White

4 . 11

Willm. Weston

4 . 11

Thos. Wade

4 . 11

John Wilkinson

4 . 11

Robt. Wood

4 . 11

Jno. Wilson Senr. dischd. 10 April

4 . 2

363 . 18

Pensioners viz.

Nathan Inyfull

13 . 15 . 11

Michl. Frost

13 . 15 . 11

Mary Peake

7 . 10

Eliz. Kennedy

7 . 10

42 . 11 . 10

£ 4296 . 7 . 6

The list of matrosses in the Artillery Company concluded, followed by the pensioners.

Brought forward, £3,889 17s 8d

Matrosses brought forward, £239 1s 0d

William Phillips, matross, £4 11s 0d

James Peacock, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Parker, matross, £4 11s 0d

Richard Pearce, matross, £4 11s 0d

William Robinson, matross, £4 11s 0d

Robert Riley, matross, £4 11s 0d

Charles Russell, matross, £4 11s 0d

Abraham Renew, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Richardson, matross, enlisted 15 April 1772, £3 17s 0d

Andrew Shores, matross, £4 11s 0d

Godfrey Smith, matross, £4 11s 0d

William Smith junior, matross, £4 11s 0d

William Smith senior, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Smith, matross, £4 11s 0d

Stephen Swartzen, matross, to his discharge on 29 April 1772, £3 3s 0d

William Shore, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Snell, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Sebrey, matross, £4 11s 0d

Michael Scully, matross, £4 11s 0d

Richard Waterhouse, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Wilson, matross, £4 11s 0d

Samuel Wood, matross, £4 11s 0d

John White, matross, £4 11s 0d

William Whiston, matross, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Wade, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Wilkinson, matross, £4 11s 0d

Robert Wood, matross, £4 11s 0d

John Wilson senior, matross, to his discharge on 10 April 1772, £0 9s 2d

Matrosses, total, £363 18s 0d

Nathan Inshall, pensioner, £13 15s 11d

Michael Frost, pensioner, £13 15s 11d

Mary Peak, pensioner, £7 10s 0d

Elizabeth Kennedy, pensioner, £7 10s 0d

Pensioners, total, £42 11s 10d

Grand total, £4,296 7s 6d

Interpretations

The establishment cost £4,296 7s 6d for the quarter, about £95 more than the £4,201 1s 9½d of the first three months of 1772. The 29 recruits from the Lord Camden added a full company's worth of privates' wages from 15 April. The corporals and bombardiers also received higher rates, and the artillery now had six sergeants instead of four. The Court's decision to strengthen the garrison showed in the pay list within a single quarter. The deaths and discharges of the winter months offset only part of the cost.

53

49

Dr. William Wrangham Paymaster Cr.

1772 June 30 To Cash from the Chest

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

Carried over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

1772 April 20th By Cash paid Capt. Rice of Ship Dutton for 265 Ps. Salt

Meat at 2/- p Piece

26 . 10

By Do. pd. Do. for 36 Cape Sheep

27

By Do. pd. the Constable his Account of Rats and

Mice destroyed

3 . 7 . 4

May 2 By Do. pd. Capt. Dampier for 506 Ps. Salt Meat

50 . 12

By Do. pd. 71 Days Labores Work bringing Stores

from the Crane recd. from Ships Northumberld.

Bute, Stafford, Elgin, Glatton & Dutton

3 . 11

By Do. pd. 317 Do. receivg. Stores from the Lord Camden

15 . 17

By Do. pd. Mr. Davidson Surgeon of the Ld. Do. for

his care of 29 Recruits in their Passage to

this Island

7 . 5

By Do. pd. Capt. Thompson for 294 Ps. Salt Meat

29 . 8

By Do. pd. Do. for a Sheer Mast

20

By Do. pd. Do. for a Topmast

7

By Do. pd. Capt. Barclay for 906 Ps. Salt Meat

90 . 12

By Do. pd. Do. for a Sheer Mast

17

Carried over

£ 298 . 2 . 4

The paymaster's account for the quarter opened with the money he received.

William Wrangham, debtor

30 June 1772, cash drawn from the treasury chest, £6,124 7s 1d

Carried forward, £6,124 7s 1d

His payments began as follows. On 20 April 1772 he paid Captain Rice of the Dutton £26 10s 0d for 265 pieces of salt meat at 2s a piece, and £27 0s 0d for 36 Cape sheep.

20 April 1772, paid to the constable on his account for rats and mice destroyed, £3 7s 4d

2 May 1772, paid to Captain Dampier for 506 pieces of salt meat, £50 12s 0d

He paid £3 11s 0d for 71 days of labourers' work carrying stores up from the crane, received from the Northumberland, the Bute, the Stafford, the Earl of Elgin, the Glatton and the Dutton. He paid £15 17s 0d for 317 days of labourers' work receiving the stores landed from the Lord Camden. He paid Mr Davidson, surgeon of the Lord Camden, £7 5s 0d for his care of 29 recruits on their passage to the island.

Paid to Captain Thomson for 294 pieces of salt meat, £29 8s 0d

Paid to Captain Thomson for a sheer mast, £20 0s 0d

Paid to Captain Thomson for a topmast, £7 0s 0d

Paid to Captain Barclay for 906 pieces of salt meat, £90 12s 0d

Paid to Captain Barclay for a sheer mast, £17 0s 0d

Carried forward, £298 2s 4d

Interpretations

The paymaster drew £6,124 7s 1d from the chest, almost £1,000 more than in March. The extra covered the larger garrison's pay and nearly £200 spent in one season on salt meat from the homeward ships. The Council bought more than 1,900 pieces from four commanders, at the same 2s a piece it charged its own servants, to make good the casks found short from England.

The sheer masts and topmast bought from Captains Thomson and Barclay were spars for lifting gear, not for the island's boats. Two tall masts lashed together at the head made the sheers used to hoist guns and heavy stores from the boats at the landing. St Helena grew no timber long enough for such spars, so the only source was a ship's spare masts. Tippet's new landing place in James's Valley, proposed on 6 July 1772, would need sheers of this kind to handle cargo at the wharf.

54

50

20th July

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 June 30th To Cash Brought over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

Carried over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

On the receipts side, Wrangham's account carried forward the sum from the chest unchanged.

William Wrangham, debtor

30 June 1772, cash brought forward, £6,124 7s 1d

Carried forward, £6,124 7s 1d

55

51

1772

Paymaster Cr.

Brought over

£ 298 . 2 . 4

By Cash pd. 19 days Subsistance to two Seamen left

out of their Ships

9 . 6

By Do. pd. Capt. Jameson for 299 Ps. Salt Beef

29 . 18

By Do. pd. Do. for 29 Bush. Split Pease

6 . 5

By Do. pd. Do. for 11 Cape Sheep

7 . 10

By Do. pd. Do. for a Yawl

15

By Do. pd. Capt. Bazett for a Sheer Mast

15

By Do. pd. Capt. Hayter for 108 Ps. Salt Beef

10 . 16

By Do. pd. Do. for 4½ Bush. Pease

1 . 6 . 3

By Do. pd. Do. for 3 . 1 . 10 Flour

7 . 4 . 6

By Do. pd. Mr. Jonathan Doveton his Acct. as Sheriff

for Bailiffs &c.

15 . 5

By Do. pd. Capt. Abercromby for 729 Ps. Salt Provisions

72 . 18

By Do. pd. Do. for 25 Cape Sheep

18 . 15

By Do. pd. Do. for 29 Bolts Eng. Canvas

57 . 15 . 2

By Do. pd. Do. for a Lg. Boat wt. Mast Sails &c.

30

By Do. pd. Do. for the Passage of the following Invalid

Soldiers to England viz.

Joseph Sullivan£ 5

Wm. Brokelsten

5

Thos. Kent

5

Wm. Keysen

5

20

By Do. pd. the Coroner for an Inquest on the Body of

Enas deceased

1 . 5

By Do. pd. Capt. Hindman of Ship Duke of Richmond

for 373 Ps. Salt Provisions

37 . 6

By Do. pd. Do. for a Sheer Mast

18

By Do. pd. Capt. Saunders for 471 Ps. Salt Provisions

47 . 2

By Do. pd. Capt. Hindman for the Passage of John Crocker

Bryan Lynch, Carolus Sibert, Richd. Parker, John

Stewart, Willm. Morgan, Saml. Ridding, Michael

Perkins, Robt. Elliott, Robt. Boyce, John Saunders

Willm. Harris and James Steppard thirteen Invalid

Soldiers to England at £ 5 . ea.

65

Carried over

£ 774 . 17 . 9

The paymaster's payments continued as follows.

Brought forward, £298 2s 4d

Paid for 19 days' keep of two seamen left behind by their ships, £0 9s 6d

Paid to Captain Jameson for 299 pieces of salt beef, £29 18s 0d

Paid to Captain Jameson for 29 bushels of split peas, £6 5s 0d

Paid to Captain Jameson for 11 Cape sheep, £7 10s 0d

Paid to Captain Jameson for a yawl, £15 0s 0d

Paid to Captain Bazett for a sheer mast, £15 0s 0d

Paid to Captain Hayter for 108 pieces of salt beef, £10 16s 0d

Paid to Captain Hayter for 6½ bushels of peas, £1 6s 3d

Paid to Captain Hayter for 3 cwt 1 qr 10 lb of [...], £7 4s 6d

Paid to Jonathan Doveton on his account as sheriff, for bailiffs and other charges, £15 5s 0d

Paid to Captain Abercromby for 729 pieces of salt provisions, £72 18s 0d

Paid to Captain Abercromby for 25 Cape sheep, £18 15s 0d

Paid to Captain Abercromby for 29 bolts of English canvas, £57 15s 2d

Paid to Captain Abercromby for a longboat with mast, sails and fittings, £30 0s 0d

Paid to Captain Abercromby for the passage to England of invalid soldiers:

Joseph Sullivan, £5 0s 0d

William Brakeston, £5 0s 0d

Thomas Kent, £5 0s 0d

William Heyton, £5 0s 0d

Passages, total, £20 0s 0d

Paid to the coroner for an inquest on the body of [...], deceased, £1 5s 0d

He paid Captain Hindman of the Duke of Richmond £37 6s 0d for 373 pieces of salt provisions and £18 0s 0d for a sheer mast.

Paid to Captain Saunders for 471 pieces of salt provisions, £47 2s 0d

Paid to Captain Hindman for the passage to England of 13 invalid soldiers at £5 each: John Croucher, Bryan Lynch, Carolus Siebert, Richard Parker, John Stewart, William Morgan, Samuel Redding, Michael Perkins, Robert Elliott, Robert Boyd, John Saunders, William Harris and James Sheppard, £65 0s 0d

Carried forward, £774 17s 9d

Interpretations

The recruits found unfit soon after landing were shipped straight home at the Company's cost. William Brakeston and Thomas Kent went in the Grenville, and Robert Elliott in the Duke of Richmond. Each had cost the Company his passage out, the surgeon's fee for landing him and a few weeks' pay, and now £5 more to send him back. Seventeen discharged men sailed in two ships within a fortnight in June. The Company's practice of paying the passage home of every man who had served his time put a steady charge on the island's accounts each homeward season.

The salt meat bought from the homeward ships came to more than 3,400 pieces in the season, far more than the shortages in the English casks alone. The enlarged garrison and the slaves' winter rations were drawing heavily on the stores. The Council bought every surplus cask the commanders would sell.

56

52

20th July

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 June 30th To Cash brought over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

Carried over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

Wrangham's receipts again showed only the cash drawn from the chest, carried on to the next page.

William Wrangham, debtor

30 June 1772, cash brought forward, £6,124 7s 1d

Carried forward, £6,124 7s 1d

57

53

1772

Paymaster Cr.

Brought over

£ 774 . 17 . 9

By Cash paid Capt. Charles Hudson of Ship Talbot for

320 Ps. Salt Provisions

32

By Do. pd. the Fife Major for teaching the Young Fifers

91 Days

2 . 5 . 6

By Do. pd. the Clerk of Arraignments and Cryer of the Court

of Justice

12 . 6

By Do. pd. James Proctor for Saving from the 2 May @ 1/6 p Week

4 . 10

By Do. pd. Noguedah Pocolum & Hasspanger their allowance

for Salt Provisions and House Rent

6 . 11

By Do. pd. for three Gross Corks for the Castle

9

By Do. pd. 2716 Days Mens Labour Work at Ladder Hill new road

45 . 9 . 6

By Do. pd. 1738½ Do. Labr. Do. at Do. Do.

100 . 7 . 10

By Do. pd. the following Men for Enlisting to serve the Honble.

Company five Years as Soldiers subject to the

Articles of War from the following Dates viz.

Quin Quennell from 6 May£ 5

John Power 11 Do.

10

Joseph Dailey 20 Do.

10

25

By Do. pd. the following Discharged Soldiers for Relisting

to serve the Honble. Company five years longer as

Soldiers subject to the Articles of War from the following

Dates viz.

Geo. Bennet from 2 April£ 10

Fras. Flynn

10

John Charlton

10

John James

10

Willm. Snell

10

Willm. Smith

10

John Salisbury

10

Thos. Johnson

10

Robert May

10

James Sea

10

Thos. Little

10

from 5 April

Carried over

110

Carried over

£ 988 . 3 . 1

The paymaster's payments continued as follows. He paid Charles Hudson of the Talbot £32 0s 0d for 320 pieces of salt provisions.

Paid to the fife major for teaching the young fifers for 91 days, £2 5s 6d

Paid to the clerk of arraignments and keeper of the court of justice, £0 12s 6d

Paid to James Proctor for his service from 2 May 1772 at 10s 6d a week, £4 10s 0d

Paid to Nakhoda Pocolam and [...] for their allowance in place of salt provisions and for house rent, £6 11s 0d

Paid for three gross of corks for the Castle, £0 9s 0d

Paid for [...] days of masons' work on the new road at Ladder Hill, £45 9s 6d

Paid for 1,738½ days of [...] work on the same, £100 7s 10d

Paid to the following men for enlisting as soldiers in the Company's service for 5 years under the Articles of War:

Quinwright Querney, from 6 May 1772, £5 0s 0d

John Powers, from 11 May 1772, £10 0s 0d

Joseph Cayley, from 20 May 1772, £10 0s 0d

Enlistment bounties, total, £25 0s 0d

Paid to the following discharged soldiers for re-enlisting in the Company's service for 5 more years under the Articles of War:

George Bennet, from 2 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

Francis Flynn, from 5 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

John Charlton, from 5 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

John James, from 5 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

William Powell, from 5 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

William Smith, from 5 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

John Salisbury, from 5 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

Thomas Johnson, from 5 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

Robert May, from 5 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

James Sea, from 5 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

Thomas Little, from 5 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

Re-enlistment bounties, total, £110 0s 0d

Carried forward, £1,088 3s 1d

Interpretations

The allowance paid to Nakhoda Pocolam and a companion explains an entry that had appeared each quarter since 1771 with the two names left blank. The Company kept the two Malays of rank on the island with a cash allowance in place of salt rations and rent for a house, as it did for its own officers. That treatment set them apart from the Malay servants on the store account, who drew rations in kind. It also helps explain Pocolam's refusal on 15 July 1772 to sail for Sumatra. The Court had freed him to go home, but on St Helena he had a house and an income.

James Proctor took his discharge from the Third Company on 2 May 1772 and the same day went onto the Company's books at 10s 6d a week. That was more than double a private's pay. He probably stayed on the island in a civilian post, perhaps overseeing labour on the works. Eleven more soldiers re-enlisted in a single week in April, at the start of the homeward season. Each £10 bounty kept a trained man the Company would otherwise have had to ship home at £5 and replace from England.

58

54

20th July

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 June 30th To Cash brought over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

Carried over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

The receipts side of Wrangham's account again consisted only of the cash from the chest, passed forward unchanged.

William Wrangham, debtor

30 June 1772, cash brought forward, £6,124 7s 1d

Carried forward, £6,124 7s 1d

59

55

1772

Paymaster Cr.

Brought over

£ 988 . 3 . 1

Brought over£ 110

Charles Morris

10

John Pinks

10

Arthur Shill

10

from 9 April

Robt. Cunningham 20 Do.

10

Edw. Lambert

10

Fredk. Wm. Beard

10

Saml. Hiles

10

Richd. Brown

10

John Houston

10

Jo. Cunningham

10

Felix Hyder

10

Danl. Bye

10

Wm. Robinson

10

Benj. Wise

10

John Blenheim

10

Godfrey Smith

10

John Euston

10

from 16 June

280

By Cash paid Fredk. Gallion for Baking 169 Batches Bread

for the Garrison

14 . 15 . 9

By Do. pd. Willm. Gurnsey Carpenters Mate his Salary to the

6 April

16 . 6

By Do. pd. Edward Daniel Mason his House Rent

5

By Do. pd. twenty Expresses upon Alarms

5

By Do. pd. the Lieut. Governor for Mutton

3

By Do. pd. for the following for the Honble. Companys Table viz.

doz 7 . 1 Fowls£ 6 . 7 . 6

35 doz Eggs

2 . 12 . 6

4 Pigs

1

6 Ducks

9

5 Turkeys

1 . 5

23½ lb Pork

11 . 9

96 Turtle

10 . 10

Carried over

£ 12 . 16 . 7

Carried over

£ 1296 . 15 . 6

The paymaster's payments continued as follows.

Brought forward, £988 3s 1d

Re-enlistment bounties brought forward, £110 0s 0d

Charles Morris, from 9 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

John Pinks, from 9 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

Arthur Shield, from 9 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

Robert Cunningham, from 20 April 1772, £10 0s 0d

Peter Lambert, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

Frederick William Beard, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

Samuel Hiles, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

Richard Brown, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

John Houston, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

James Cunningham, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

Felix Hyder, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

Daniel Bye, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

William Robinson, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

Benjamin Wise, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

John Blackhorn, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

Godfrey Smith, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

John Easton, from 16 June 1772, £10 0s 0d

Re-enlistment bounties, total, £280 0s 0d

Paid to Frederick Gallion for baking 169 batches of bread for the garrison, £14 15s 9d

Paid to William Gossip, carpenter's mate, his salary to 6 April 1772, £0 16s 6d

Paid to Edward Daniells, mason, for his house rent, £5 0s 0d

Paid for twenty messengers sent express on alarms, £5 0s 0d

Paid to the Lieutenant Governor for mutton, £3 0s 0d

Paid for supplies for the Company's table:

Fowls, 7 dozen and 1, £6 7s 6d

Eggs, 35 dozen, £2 12s 6d

Pigs, 4, £1 0s 0d

Ducks, 6, £0 9s 0d

Turkeys, 5, £1 5s 0d

Pork, 23½ lb, £0 11s 9d

Turtle, 26 lb, £0 10s 10d

Supplies for the table, total, £12 16s 7d

Carried forward, £1,296 15s 6d

The sum brought forward on this page, £988 3s 1d, differs from the £1,088 3s 1d carried forward at the foot of the page before.

Interpretations

The Company paid £280 in re-enlistment bounties on this page alone, besides the £110 on the page before. Thirty-nine soldiers signed on again for five years during the quarter. Fourteen of them did so on the same day, 16 June 1772, while the Grosvenor and the Duke of Richmond lay in the road ready to carry the discharged men home. Each man made his choice with the ship before him. The £10 bounty, more than half a year's pay, kept most of them on the island. It was still far cheaper than the cost of a recruit from England, three of whom from the Lord Camden had to be sent back unfit within weeks.

Frederick Gallion was the new baker who replaced William Jenkins, still paid the old rate of about 20d a batch, with the steward Robert Leech checking his loaves. William Gossip's pay ran only to 6 April 1772, the day he sailed home in the Northumberland to seek treatment for his injury.

60

56

20th July

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 June 30th To Cash brought over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

Carried over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

The cash from the chest passed forward once more, unchanged, on the receipts side of Wrangham's account.

William Wrangham, debtor

30 June 1772, cash brought forward, £6,124 7s 1d

Carried forward, £6,124 7s 1d

61

57

1772

Paymaster Cr.

Brought over

£ 1296 . 15 . 6

Brought over£ 12 . 16 . 7

453¼ lb Beef

9 . 8 . 5

7 Cheeses Wt. lb 114½

5 . 14 . 6

8 Hams 137½

6 . 12

5 Jars Raisins

5 . 8 . 4

2 Quart. Case Pickles

4 . 10

8 Pots Minced Meat

4

3 doz Preserves

6 . 6

25 Galls. Rum

6 . 1 . 8

2 Partridges

3

15 Galls. Brandy

4 . 13 . 9

lb 12 Onions

6

2 Bott. Capers

15

12 Firkins Butter

37 . 10

1 White Bread

2 . 10

2 New Milk Cheeses

4 . 6

106 . 19 . 9

By Cash paid 131 Days Subsistance of dischd. Soldiers @ 6d. p Day

3 . 5 . 6

By Do. pd. the Sexton for making Graves for eight deceased

Soldiers @ 2/6 each

1

By Do. pd. 114 Days Lab. Work bringing Stores from the

Crane received from ten Ships

5 . 14

By Do. pd. Mr. White Surgeon of the Earl of Sandwich for

his care of 31 Recruits in their Passage to this

Island @ 5s. ea.

7 . 15

By Do. pd. Robt. Barclay Surgeon for his trouble in providing

Fresh provisions for the Sick in the Hospital to

30 June

4

By Do. pd. for Necessarys found the Sick more than the 7d.

Day to the 30 June

18 . 4 . 11

By Do. pd. for 13 Loads Binders to repair the Companys

Houses in the Long Wood

1 . 12 . 6

Carried over

£ 1445 . 7

The paymaster's payments continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,296 15s 4d

Supplies for the Company's table brought forward, £12 16s 7d

Beef, 451¼ lb, £9 8s 5d

Cheeses, 7, weighing 116½ lb, £5 14s 6d

Hams, 8, weighing 137½ lb, £6 12s 0d

Raisins, 5 jars, £5 8s 4d

Pickles, 2 quarter casks, £4 16s 0d

Mincemeat, 8 pots, £4 0s 0d

Preserves, 3 dozen, £6 6s 0d

Rum, 25 gallons, £6 1s 8d

Partridges, 2, £0 3s 0d

Brandy, 15 gallons, £4 13s 9d

Onions, 12, £0 6s 0d

Capers, 2 bottles, £0 15s 0d

Butter, 12 firkins, £37 10s 0d

White [...], 1, £2 10s 0d

New-milk cheeses, 2, £0 4s 6d

Supplies for the table, total, £106 19s 9d

Paid for 131 days' keep of discharged soldiers at 6d a day, £3 5s 6d

Paid to the sexton for digging graves for 8 dead soldiers at 2s 6d each, £1 0s 0d

Paid for 114 days of labourers' work carrying up stores from the crane, received from ten ships, £5 14s 0d

He paid Mr White, surgeon of the Earl of Sandwich, £7 15s 0d for his care of 31 recruits on their passage to the island, at 5s each.

Paid to Robert Barclay, surgeon, for supplying fresh provisions to the sick in the hospital to 30 June 1772, £4 0s 0d

Paid for necessaries supplied to the sick for more than seven days to 30 June 1772, £18 4s 11d

Paid for 13 loads of binders to repair the Company's houses at Longwood, £1 12s 6d

Carried forward, £1,445 7s [...]

Interpretations

The Company's table cost almost £107 in purchases this quarter, against about £50 in the first three months of 1772. Butter alone took £37 10s 0d for 12 firkins, and the list of hams, cheeses, preserves, mincemeat, brandy and rum shows the Governor stocking his larder from the homeward ships' private trade. Between April and June more than 20 Company ships called, together with Danish and French vessels. Every commander and senior passenger expected to dine at the Castle, and the table was kept at the Company's charge as part of the cost of government.

The Earl of Sandwich, which arrived on 2 July 1772, brought a second draft of 31 recruits, after the 29 landed from the Lord Camden in April. Sixty new men in one season raised the garrison well above its earlier strength. The surgeon's fee of 5s a head was paid only for men landed alive, which gave him a direct interest in their health on the voyage. Discharged soldiers waiting for a passage home were kept at 6d a day, three times the rate of 2d paid in March, perhaps because more men waited longer while the ships came and went.

62

58

20th July

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 June 30th To Cash brought over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

Carried over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

On this page Wrangham's receipts again showed only the chest money, brought forward and carried on unchanged.

William Wrangham, debtor

30 June 1772, cash brought forward, £6,124 7s 1d

Carried forward, £6,124 7s 1d

63

59

1772

Paymaster Cr.

Brought over

£ 1445 . 7

By Cash paid for the following Work at the Barracks

viz.

279½ Days Masons Work 1/6£ 20 . 18 . 10½

36 Do. Stoneblowers 1/4

2 . 14

253¾ Do. Carpenters 1/6

19 . ½

71½ Do. Do. 1/3

4 . 9 . 8½

75½ Do. Smiths 1/6

5 . 13 . 3

49 Do. Sawyers 1/6

3 . 13 . 6

106½ Do. Overseers 1/6

7 . 19 . 4½

36 Do. Painters 1/6

2 . 14

71½ Do. Tilers 1/6

5 . 7 . 3

3333½ Do. Laborers 1/-

166 . 13 . 6

239 . 4 . 1

By Do. pd. for the following Work at the Lieut. Govr. House in the

Long Wood viz.

11 Days Masons Work£ 16 . 6

65½ Do. Carpenters

4 . 18 . 3

74 Do. Laborers

3 . 14

2 Do. Sawyers

3

456 Loads Dirt carried @ 6d. p Load

11 . 8

20 . 19 . 9

By Cash paid for the following Work at Ladder Hill new

Road viz.

371 Days Stoneblowers£ 27 . 16 . 6

40½ Do. Smiths

3 . 9

73 Do. Overseers

5 . 9 . 6

36 . 6 . 9

By Do. pd. for the following Work for the New Church viz.

131½ Days Stone Sawyers£ 9 . 17 . 3

24 Do. Laborers

1 . 4

11 . 1 . 3

By Do. pd. 40½ days Smiths Work clearing Small Arms

3 . 9

By Do. pd. 7 Do. Do. repairing Gun Carriages

10 . 6

By Do. pd. 3 Do. Do. painting Do.

4 . 6

By Do. pd. 3 Do. repairing Banks's Port Cullis

4 . 6

Carried over

£ 1756 . 19 . 4

The paymaster's payments continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,445 7s 0d

Paid for work on the barracks:

Masons, 279¼ days at 1s 6d, £20 18s 10½d

Stone blasters, 36 days at 1s 6d, £2 14s 0d

Carpenters, 253¾ days at 1s 6d, £19 0s 7½d

Carpenters, 71¼ days at 1s 3d, £4 9s 8½d

Smiths, 75½ days at 1s 6d, £5 13s 3d

Sawyers, 49 days at 1s 6d, £3 13s 6d

Overseers, 106¼ days at 1s 6d, £7 19s 4½d

Painters, 36 days at 1s 6d, £2 14s 0d

Tilers, 71½ days at 1s 6d, £5 7s 3d

Labourers, 3,333½ days at 1s, £166 13s 6d

Barracks, total, £239 4s 1d

Paid for work on the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood:

Masons, 11 days, £0 16s 6d

Carpenters, 65½ days, £4 18s 3d

Labourers, 74 days, £3 14s 0d

Sawyers, 2 days, £0 3s 0d

Carrying 456 loads of earth at 6d a load, £11 8s 0d

Lieutenant Governor's house, total, £20 19s 9d

Paid for work on the new road at Ladder Hill:

Stone blasters, 371 days, £27 16s 6d

Smiths, 40½ days, £3 0s 9d

Overseers, 73 days, £5 9s 6d

Ladder Hill road, total, £36 6s 9d

Paid for work on the new church:

Stone sawyers, 131½ days, £9 17s 3d

Labourers, 24 days, £1 4s 0d

New church, total, £11 1s 3d

Paid for 40½ days of smiths' work cleaning small arms, £3 0s 9d

Paid for 7 days' work repairing gun carriages, £0 10s 6d

Paid for 3 days' work painting the same, £0 4s 6d

Paid for 3 days' work repairing the portcullis at Banks's, £0 4s 6d

Carried forward, £1,756 19s 1d

Interpretations

Tilers appeared on the barracks wage bill for the first time, 71½ days in the quarter. The officers' new building was being roofed, and with the 408 panes of glass and the bundles of laths issued from the stores, the accounts show it being closed in and finished. More than 3,300 labourers' days went on it in three months, almost all carrying stone, lime, water and timber up the steep ground by hand.

On the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, the largest cost was carrying 456 loads of earth at 6d a load. The earth was rammed into the walls or floors, the same method recorded in the first quarter of 1772. Rammed earth saved stone that would otherwise have had to be quarried and carried up to the plateau, though the salt in the island's soil, which Tippet had warned about at Munden's Point, may have made it a poor choice.

64

60

20th July

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 June 30th To Cash brought over

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

Wrangham's receipts side closed on the single sum he drew from the chest.

William Wrangham, debtor

30 June 1772, cash brought forward, £6,124 7s 1d

Total, £6,124 7s 1d

65

61

Paymaster Cr.

1772 June 30th Brought over

£ 1756 . 19 . 1

By Cash paid 101½ days Work getting Ballast for the Long

Boats

5 . 1 . 6

By Do. pd. 40 Days Carpentr. Work repairing Do.

3

By Do. pd. 324¼ Days Lab. Work in Do. in bringing Lime

from Sandy Bay

16 . 4 . 3

By Do. pd. 21 Days Lime burning

1 . 11 . 6

By Do. pd. for the following Work in making a Wall from the

Crane to the Landing Place viz.

72¾ Days Masons Work£ 5 . 14 . 1½

14½ Do. Smiths Do.

1 . 1 . 9

33¾ Do. Overseers Do.

2 . 13 . 1½

555¼ Do. Laborers Do.

27 . 11 . 3

33 . 5 . 3

By Do. pd. 38 Days Overseers Work

4 . 5

By Do. pd. 102 Do. Stoneblowers at the Landing Place

7 . 13

1827 . 19 . 7

By Amount of the Pay Account

4296 . 7 . 6

£ 6124 . 7 . 1

Island St. Helena

30 June 1772

Errors Excepted

(signed)

Willm. Wrangham Paymaster

Counted and examined the Honorable Companys

Cash for the Month of June last, which is as follows viz. -

The paymaster's account of money paid out for the quarter concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £1,756 19s 1d

30 June 1772, paid for 101½ days' work getting ballast for the longboats, £5 1s 6d

Paid for 40 days of carpenters' work repairing the same, £3 0s 0d

Paid for 324¼ days of labourers' work on the same, carrying lime from Sandy Bay, £16 4s 3d

Paid for 21 days of lime burning, £1 11s 6d

Paid for work building a wall from the crane to the landing place:

Masons, 72¾ days, £5 9s 1½d

Smiths, 14½ days, £1 1s 9d

Overseers, 38¾ days, £2 18s 1½d

Labourers, 555¼ days, £27 11s 3d

Wall to the landing place, total, £37 0s 3d

Paid for 58 days of overseers' work, £4 5s 0d

Paid for 102 days of stone blasters' work at the landing place, £7 13s 0d

Total of payments, £1,827 19s 7d

Total of the pay list, £4,296 7s 6d

Total, £6,124 7s 1d

William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena on 30 June 1772, subject to any errors.

The Board then counted and checked the Company's cash for June 1772. The account of that cash follows below.

Interpretations

The landing place in James's Valley was already under way before the end of June, a week before Tippet asked the Council's permission for it in his letter of 6 July 1772. Stone blasters cleared rock at the shore, and masons and labourers built a wall from the crane to the landing steps. The wall would let stores be hauled along a level way from the crane to the warehouses instead of being manhandled over the rocks. The Council's approval on 6 July confirmed work the engineer had begun on his own judgement during the busiest weeks of the shipping season.

Lime for the works was burned at Sandy Bay on the south coast and carried round by the longboats, which took more than 300 labourers' days in the quarter. Building stone, lime and ballast all moved by sea along the coast, because carrying them overland across the island's ridges cost far more.

66

62

20th July

Cash Dr.

1772 June 1st To Balance Remaining

£ 12673 . 3 . ½

11 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon

the Honble. the Court of Directors

payable to Messrs. Stainforth Gibson and

Stainforth or Order

27 . 17

To Ship Grenville

5

13 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn as

above payable to Capt. Nicholas Skottowe

or Order

600

To Ship Queen

28 . 12 . 10

To Ship Salisbury

18 . 7 . 8

22 To Ship Grosvenor

9 . 19 . 11

24 To Ship Duke of Richmond

12 . 1 . 8

27 To Exchange for two Sets of Bills drawn as

above payable as follows viz.

One Set to Capt. Thos. Hindman£ 100

One Do. to Mr. P. Collet

152 . 16 . 3

252 . 16 . 3

To Ship Talbot

6 . 14

30 To James Powell received of him for Stores

Sold in the Quarter ending this day

1815 . 5 . 5

To Plantation for Provisions Sold

27 . 19 . 3

To Licences

11 . 10

To Customs received on 1442½ Gallons

Spirituous Liquors

180 . 6 . 4½

£ 15664 . 18 . 5

The Company's cash account for June 1772 began with the money held at the start of the month and the money paid in.

1 June 1772, balance in hand, £12,673 3s 0½d

11 June 1772, received in exchange for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Messrs Staniforth, Gibson and Staniforth or their order, £27 17s 0d

The Grenville paid in £0 5s 0d.

13 June 1772, received in exchange for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Nicholas Skottowe or his order, £600 0s 0d

The Queen paid in £28 12s 10d and the Salisbury £18 7s 8d. On 22 June 1772 the Grosvenor paid in £9 19s 11d. On 24 June 1772 the Duke of Richmond paid in £12 1s 8d.

27 June 1772, received in exchange for two sets of bills drawn on the Court of Directors:

One set payable to Captain Thomas Hindman, £100 0s 0d

One set payable to R. Collet, £152 16s 3d

Total of bills, £252 16s 3d

The Talbot paid in £6 14s 0d.

30 June 1772, received from James Pavell for stores sold in the quarter to this date, £1,815 5s 5d

Received from the plantation for provisions sold, £27 19s 3d

Received for licences, £11 10s 0d

Received in customs duty on 1,425½ gallons of spirits, £180 6s 4½d

Total, £15,664 18s 5d

Interpretations

Customs duty on spirits brought in £180 6s 4½d in the quarter, almost five times the £38 6s 0d of the first three months of 1772. The duty stayed at about 2s 6d a gallon, but more than 1,400 gallons of private spirits came ashore from the homeward ships. Brandy, rum and arrack were the most profitable private trade a ship's officer could land at St Helena. The duty the Council raised in March now gave the treasury a real return from that trade, besides protecting the Company's own sales from the stores.

The storekeeper paid in £1,815 5s 5d, which matches the quarter's sales at 10 per cent and at the older higher rates together. Although each item was now sold at a lower margin, takings held steady because more planters bought from the warehouse under the Court's new terms.

67

63

1772

Per Contra Cr.

1772 June 30th By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Paymaster to

pay Salarys &c. in the Quarter ending

this day

6124 . 7 . 1

By Balance Remaining viz.

In Specie£ 9000 . 16 . 4

In Cash Notes

539 . 15

9540 . 11 . 4

£ 15664 . 18 . 5

The other side of the account showed the money paid out in June 1772 and the balance held at the end of the month.

30 June 1772, advanced to the paymaster for salaries and other charges for the quarter to this date, £6,124 7s 1d

Balance in hand:

In coin, £9,000 16s 4d

In cash notes, £539 15s 0d

Balance, total, £9,540 11s 4d

Total, £15,664 18s 5d

Interpretations

The quarter's pay day took more than £6,100 out of the chest, the largest single withdrawal in the record. The Court's enlargement of the garrison and the season's purchases of salt meat and supplies explain why it was so large. The coin left in the treasury still stood at about £9,000, higher than at any quarter's end in 1771. The homeward season had refilled the chest through bills of exchange, customs duty on spirits and store sales. Those receipts gave the island enough silver to meet the larger establishment without asking London for coin.

68

64

20th July

The Executors this day produced Inventorys

of the Effects of Joseph Chamberlain Deceased appraised by

Messrs. Michael Frost, John Robinson, George Bird and

Julio Fabiano, William Seale Junr. & Mary Seale deceased

appraised by Messrs. James Colgrave and George Alexander

who being duly sworn that they Valued the same to the best

of their Judgements, and the Executors that they produced

every Article, they were Ordered to be Registered. -

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

On 20 July 1772 the executors of three estates produced inventories of the deceased's goods. Michael Frost, John Robinson, George Bird and Julio Fabiano had valued the effects of the late Joseph Chamberlain. James Colgrave and George Alexander had valued the effects of the late William Seale junior and the late Mary Seale. The valuers swore that they had priced the goods as fairly as they could judge. The executors swore that they had produced every item. The Council ordered the inventories to be registered. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the order.

Interpretations

Registering a sworn inventory protected the heirs and the creditors alike. Once the valuers had priced every item on oath and the executors had sworn that nothing was held back, the Council's record fixed what the estate contained. Executors could then be held to account for every item, whether it was sold, paid out in legacies or handed over. The Seale inventories mattered in particular because two wills overlapped. William Seale junior had left his land and stock to his mother for life, and her death passed them to George Seale and Mary Yates. Mary Seale's own will left slaves, cash legacies and the proceeds of her house to others. A single sworn valuation of both estates made it possible to separate what had been William's from what had been Mary's.

Joseph Chamberlain's will, proved on 11 November 1771, named his widow Ann and Lieutenant John Shatley as executors. Their inventory came eight months later. The delay probably reflects the heavy business of the shipping season, when the Council had little time for private estates.

69

65

27th July

At a Consultation held on Monday the 27th day of July 1772 at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 20 July 1772

Tuesday the 21 Arrived the Ankerwyke's Boat at Banks's at six o'Clock in the

Morning

Do. Do. Do. the Honorable Company's Ship Ankerwyke from China

Do. Do. Died Joshua Worrall Inhabitant

Do. Do. Killed by a Fall from the Path leading to Munden's Point

Joseph Bristow Corporal

Being in want of Deals and other Timber to carry on

the Buildings now in hand We purchased the following out of the Ship Earl of

Sandwich at p Bills. -

The Worshipful the Governor and Council of St. Helena

Bought of Charles Deare & Owners of the Ship Earl of Sandwich

To 114 Single 12 Feet Yellow Deals @ 2/

£ 11 . 8

To 113 Do. Do. White Do. @ 2

11 . 6

To 21 Do. Yellow 16 Ft. Do. @ 1/4

1 . 8

To 20 Do. White Do. Do. @ 1/3

1 . 5

To 10 Do. Yellow 20 Do. Do. @ 1/6

1 . 7

To 10 Do. White Do. @ 1/9

1 . 11 . 6

28 . 5 . 6

50 p Cent

14 . 2 . 9

42 . 8 . 3

To 9 Spars 54 by 10½ Inches @ £ 2 . 15 . 4

24 . 10

To 7 Do. 46 by 9 Do. @ 1 . 6

9 . 2

76 . 8 . 3

65 p Cent

£ 22 . 2

98 . 10 . 3

27th July 1772 (signed)

Jona. Doveton Assist. Storekr.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 27 July 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 20 July 1772.

The minutes recorded the following events. At six on the morning of Tuesday 21 July 1772 the boat of the Ankerwyke came ashore at Banks's. The Company's ship Ankerwyke arrived from China the same day. Joshua Merrall, an inhabitant, died that day. Joseph Brokes, a corporal, was killed the same day by a fall from the path leading to Munden's Point.

The Council was short of deals and other timber to carry on the buildings in hand. It therefore bought the following from the Earl of Sandwich on 27 July 1772, paying by bills, from Charles Deare and the owners of the ship.

Single yellow deals, 12 feet, 114, at 2s each, £11 8s 0d

Single white deals, 12 feet, 113, at 2s each, £11 6s 0d

Yellow deals, 16 feet, 21, at 1s 4d each, £1 8s 0d

White deals, 16 feet, 20, at 1s 3d each, £1 5s 0d

Yellow deals, 10, at [...], £1 7s 0d

White deals, 10, at [...], £1 11s 6d

Deals, total, £28 5s 6d

Added at 50 per cent, £14 2s 9d

Deals with addition, total, £42 8s 3d

Spars, 54 feet by 10½ inches, 9, at £2 13s 4d each, £24 10s 0d

Spars, 46 feet by 9 inches, 7, at £1 6s 0d each, £9 2s 0d

Total before addition, £76 0s 3d

Added at 63 per cent, £22 2s 0d

Total, £98 2s 3d

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as assistant storekeeper on 27 July 1772.

Interpretations

The Council paid well above invoice for this timber, 50 per cent on the deals and a further addition on the spars. It accepted the price because the work could not wait. The officers' barracks, the landing place and the Lieutenant Governor's quarters had used up the stores' timber, as the quarter's accounts show. The next supply from England was a year away. The Earl of Sandwich carried timber as private freight for her owners, and they could set their price on an island with no forest of its own. The long spars would serve for rafters, sheers or scaffolding at the landing place.

Corporal Joseph Brokes fell to his death from the path to Munden's Point. That path ran along the cliffs above the sea to the battery where Tippet's men had carried gun carriages over the rocks and faced the embrasures in stone. The works on the island's coastal batteries cost lives as well as money.

70

66

27th July

The Worshipful the Governor and Council of St. Helena

Bought of Joseph Bradford

To 200 Single 12 Feet Deals @ 2/ ea.

£ 20

50 p Cent.

£ 10

£ 30

27th July 1772 (Signed)

Jona. Doveton Assist. Storekeeper

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that he has been

on board the Ship Ankerwyke to Muster her Company and enquire for

Deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows viz. -

Muster Roll of Ship Ankerwyke

Jas. Barwell Commr.

Jas. Ullerton Chf. Mate

Alex. Montgomery 2 Do.

Geo. Adney 3 Do.

Jno. Fenwick 4 Do.

Edw. Jones 5 Do.

Jos. Bassett Purser

Jo. Roberts Surgeon

Thos. Bone Capt. Stewd.

Dav. Davie Ships Do.

Jno. Gerrard Carpenter

Fras. Lockney Gunner

Geo. Hilldon Boatswain

Alex. Miller Caulker

Jos. Scott Cooper

Jno. Aaron Capt. Cook

Thos. Waugh Surg. Mate

Jno. Hackett Carp. Do.

Jo. Mitchell Carpt. Mate

Wm. Henry Butcher

Jos. Clarke Qr. Master

John Ninnid Do.

John Batson Do.

Andw. Mellish Do.

John Gordon Do.

Jno. Bennett Midship.

Chs. Stone Do.

Jo. Thrasader Do.

Rowl. Moir Do.

Chs. Brown Do.

Jo. Allen Do.

Jo. Sullivan Boats. Mate

Jas. Moss Gunr.

Robt. Moore Armourer

Jas. Parsons Capt. Servt.

Jas. Morgan Do. Do.

John Kendle Seaman

John Lister

John Perry

Thos. Harland

Wm. Elliot

Henry Painter

Thos. Waverenly

John Matthews

Robt. Thompson

Henry Colly

Saml. Johnson

Geo. Neeson

Jno. Conrad

Robt. Robson

Thos. Barclay

Jas. Ward

Jno. Dudge

John Sullivan

The Council also bought timber from Joseph Bradford on 27 July 1772.

Single deals, 12 feet, 200, at 2s each, £20 0s 0d

Added at 50 per cent, £10 0s 0d

Total, £30 0s 0d

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as assistant storekeeper on 27 July 1772.

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Ankerwyke to muster her crew and search for deserters, and had found none. Her muster roll began as follows.

James Barwell, commander

James Etherton, chief mate

Alexander Montgomery, second mate

George Adams, third mate

James Fenwick, fourth mate

Edward Jones, fifth mate

James Bassett, purser

James Roberts, surgeon

Thomas Barne, captain's steward

Bees Dunn, ship's steward

James Grimmet, carpenter

Francis Seddons, gunner

George Holdon, boatswain

Alexander Miller, caulker

James Scott, cooper

James Dixon, captain's cook

Thomas Waugh, surgeon's mate

James Haslett, carpenter's mate

James Mitchell, carpenter's second mate

William Hensey, butcher

James Clarke, quartermaster

John Arnold, quartermaster

John Batson, quartermaster

Andrew Mitchell, quartermaster

John Gordon, quartermaster

James Kennedy, midshipman

Charles Stone, midshipman

James Worrster, midshipman

Ronald Muir, midshipman

Charles Brown, midshipman

James Allen, midshipman

James Sullivan, boatswain's mate

James Moore, gunner's mate

Robert Morris, armourer

James Parsons, captain's servant

James Morgan, captain's servant

John Hindle, seaman

John Lister, seaman

John Perry, seaman

Thomas Hesford, seaman

William Elliot, seaman

Henry Pointon, seaman

Thomas Abercromby, seaman

John Malthews, seaman

Robert Thompson, seaman

Henry Colley, seaman

Samuel Johnson, seaman

Joseph Neeson, seaman

James Conrad, seaman

Robert Robson, seaman

Thomas Brackley, seaman

James Ward, seaman

James Aveidge, seaman

John Sullivan, seaman

The roll continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Joseph Bradford's 200 deals cost the same 2s each, with the same 50 per cent added, as the deals from the Earl of Sandwich. Bradford was probably an officer of one of the ships selling private freight. Two sellers asked the identical markup on the same day, which suggests the Council negotiated a single rate for all the timber it needed rather than bargaining with each man.

71

67

1772

John Daly Seaman

John Carron

John Young

Andw. Henderson

Patk. Shen

William Sampson

John Dawall

Luke Finagan

Jas. Duffy

John Malghan

Christr. Smith

Henry Tifton

Martin Bartonet

John Mouseley

Patk. Rose

Geo. Law Seaman

William Fisk

Patk. Monroe

Thos. Mills

Nich. Hawes

John Brody

Danl. Pointer

Wm. Eyres

John Moon

John Huggett

Danl. Morton

Edw. Roberts

Thos. Burton

Geo. Lister

George Plast Seaman

Richd. Hill

Richd. McGinness

Philip McGinness

John Morgan

John Ewing

John Lord

Patk. Dailey

Wm. Lawton

Geo. Brunwick

John Brunsel

Gill. Manesson

Isaac Hoffman

Mart. Hendrickson

Jas. Apple

(Signed)

James Barwell

The Storekeeper being Sick and not able to attend

his Business, the Assistant Storekeeper this day delivered the following

Account of Stores short received from Ship Earl of Sandwich viz. -

Account of Stores short Delivered from Ship Earl of Sandwich

3½ Yds. Scarlet Broad Cloth

2½ Do. White Do. Do.

1 Blanket

Damaged by Wet

lb 23 Leather

92 Sope

Short weight occasioned by Wastage

4 Bushels Salt short measure

1 Horn Glass

3 Wine Glasses

6 Water Do.

21 Sqrs. Glass 6 by 8

8 Do. 10½ by 17½

30 Do. 12 by 20

17 Do. 10 by 12

Found broke upon opening the Packages which were

in good order

The muster roll of the Ankerwyke concluded as follows.

John Daly, seaman

John Carron, seaman

John Young, seaman

Andrew Henderson, seaman

Patrick Sheen, seaman

William Sampson, seaman

John Dowell, seaman

Luke Finegan, seaman

James Duffy, seaman

John Holyhan, seaman

Christopher Smith, seaman

Henry Tipton, seaman

Martin Burton, seaman

John Mansely, seaman

Patrick Rose, seaman

George Law, seaman

William Fisk, seaman

Patrick Monroe, seaman

Thomas Mills, seaman

Nicholas Haines, seaman

John Bendy, seaman

Daniel Ponter, seaman

William Eyres, seaman

John Moon, seaman

John Hugget, seaman

Daniel Huston, seaman

Edward Roberts, seaman

Thomas Burton, seaman

George Lister, seaman

George Plaist, seaman

Richard Hall, seaman

Richard McGinness, seaman

Philip McGinness, seaman

John Wagan, seaman

John Young, seaman

John Lord, seaman

Patrick Duley, seaman

William Lawton, seaman

George Brennick, seaman

John Prisset, seaman

Gilbert Hanson, seaman

Isaac Hoffman, seaman

Martin Hendrickson, seaman

James Apple, seaman

James Barwell signed the roll as commander.

The storekeeper was still ill and unable to attend to his work. The assistant storekeeper therefore delivered an account of stores found short on delivery from the Earl of Sandwich.

Scarlet broadcloth, 3½ yards, damaged by wet

White broadcloth, 2½ yards, damaged by wet

Blanket, 1, damaged by wet

Leather, [...] lb, short weight from wastage

Soap, [...] lb, short weight from wastage

Salt, 4 bushels, short measure

Hourglass, 1, found broken

Wine glasses, 3, found broken

Water glasses, 6, found broken

Panes of glass, 6 by 8 inches, 21, found broken

Panes of glass, 10½ by 13½ inches, 8, found broken

Panes of glass, 12 by 20 inches, 30, found broken

Panes of glass, 10 by 12 inches, 17, found broken

The glass was found broken on opening packages that were themselves in good order. The account continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Seventy-six panes of window glass arrived broken from a single ship, at a time when the officers' barracks had just taken 408 panes from the stores to finish its windows. Glass was among the most fragile goods shipped to the island and could not be made or replaced there. Each loss had to wait a year for the next supply from England. The storekeeper's report separated breakage in sound packages from damage by wet. The cause decided whether the loss fell on the Company's packers in London or on the ship's officers, who should have kept the cloth dry in the hold.

72

68

27th July

12 Earthen Milk Pans

24 Red Tea Pots

24 Cream Colrd. Do.

1 Tin Lamp

2 Paint Brushes

Short Packed

2 Double Deals

1 Wainscot Board

6 Ashen Handspikes

Short Delivered

3000 Slate

60 Gutter Tiles

Broke

C. qr. lb 13 . - . 26 Iron

3 . 1 . - Blist. Steel

- . - . 3 German Do.

Short Delivered

St. Helena (Signed)

27 July 1772 Jona. Doveton Assist. Storekr.

We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of

Exchange drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors

One Set to Lieut. Thomas Bazett for Twenty five

Pounds payable to Mr. Nicholas Pearce or Order.

And one Set to Mr. Robert Barclay for Four hundred

Pounds payable to Mr. Ninian Ballantine or Order, both drawn

at ninety days sight.

William Merrick Serjeant this day Petitioned

for his Discharge from the Garrison having served the Honorable

Company his Contracted time. -

Granted

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The account of stores found short from the Earl of Sandwich concluded as follows.

Earthenware milk pans, 12, short packed

Red teapots, 24, short packed

Cream-coloured teapots, 24, short packed

Tin lamp, 1, short packed

Paint brushes, 2, short packed

Double deals, 2, short delivered

Wainscot board, 1, short delivered

Ash handspikes, 6, short delivered

Slates, 3,000, broken

Gutter tiles, 60, broken

Iron, 15 cwt [...] 26 lb, short delivered

Blistered steel, 3 cwt 1 qr, short delivered

German steel, 3 [...], short delivered

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as assistant storekeeper at St Helena on 27 July 1772.

The Council issued two sets of bills of exchange that day, drawn on the Court of Directors and payable 90 days after they were presented in London.

Lieutenant Thomas Bazett, payable to Nicholas Deare or his order, £25 0s 0d

Robert Barclay, payable to Ninian Ballantine or his order, £400 0s 0d

William Merrick, a sergeant, petitioned the Board that day for his discharge from the garrison. He had served the Company for the full term of his engagement. The Board agreed, and John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minute.

Interpretations

The goods short packed in the Earl of Sandwich were exactly the same as those short packed in the Lord Camden in May: 12 milk pans, 24 red teapots and 24 cream-coloured teapots. Two ships carrying the same goods short in the same quantities points to a fault in the Company's London warehouse rather than on either voyage. The invoices there evidently listed pieces that were never put in the cases. By recording "short packed" against each item, the storekeeper laid the loss at the door of the packers at home, and the Court could trace it there.

Three thousand slates arrived broken, with 60 gutter tiles. They were meant for roofing, probably the officers' barracks, where tilers had begun work in the quarter just ended. The loss would hold up the building until slates could be found from another ship or another season.

Robert Barclay, the departing surgeon, sent home £400, more than four years of his salary. Besides his pay, he had supplied the hospital at his own charge and been reimbursed, and he had probably traded with the ships, as the other officers did. He was leaving the island with savings to match a councillor's remittance.

73

69

3d August

At a Consultation held on Monday the 3 day of August 1772 at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 27th August 1772

Wednesday the 29 Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Ankerwyke for England

Thursday the 30 Arrived the Hampshire's Boat at Banks's at half an hour

past seven o'Clock in the Morning

Do. Do. Do. the Honorable Company's Ship Hampshire

from Bombay

Do. Do. Do. A Dutch Ship from Batavia called the Pluysenburg

Captain Bosh Burthen six hundred tons, carrys

thirty Guns and one hundred and thirty Men

loaden with Coffee and Pepper bound to

Amsterdam

Friday the 31 Do. the Rochford's Boat at Banks's at a quarter of an hour

past eight o'Clock in the Morning

Do. Do. Do. the Honorable Company's Ship Rochford from

Bengal

Yesterday Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Earl of Sandwich for

Bencoolen

The Ships Hampshire and Rochford brought Us the

following Supplys viz. -

Invoice of Ship Hampshire

Rice Beaten fine 45 Bags of lb 300 Surat Maunds

@ 24 Rs. p 12 S. Maunds

400

Batty 32 Bags @ 3 Parahs is Mds. 3 . 21 @ 20 Rs. p Md.

76 . 3 . 20

Charges on Merchandize

Gunny Bags

51 . 2 . 20

Packing charges

2 . 2 . 90

Hamallage

4 . 2

Lascarage

2 . 2

Boathire

61 . 1 . 10

Rupees 538 . 30

Errors Excepted

(signed) D. Draper Acct.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 3 August 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 27 July 1772.

The minutes recorded the following events. The Company's ship Ankerwyke sailed for England on Wednesday 29 July 1772. At half past seven on the morning of Thursday 30 July 1772 the boat of the Hampshire came ashore at Banks's. The Company's ship Hampshire arrived from Bombay the same day. A Dutch ship from Batavia, the Pleyenburg under Captain [...], also arrived. She was a ship of 600 tons, carrying 30 guns and 130 men, laden with coffee and pepper and bound for Amsterdam. At a quarter past eight on the morning of Friday 31 July 1772 the boat of the Rochford came ashore at Banks's. The Company's ship Rochford arrived from Bengal the same day. The Earl of Sandwich sailed for Bencoolen on 2 August 1772.

The Hampshire and the Rochford brought supplies for the island. The invoice of the Hampshire was as follows.

Fine cleaned rice, 45 bags, weighing 300 Surat maunds, at 24 rupees for 18 Surat maunds, 400 rupees

Batty, 32 bags of 3 parahs each, at 20 [...] a parah, 76 rupees 3 quarters 20 reas

Charges on the goods:

Packing charges, 51 rupees 2 quarters 20 reas

Hamallage, 2 rupees 2 quarters 90 reas

Lascarage, 4 rupees 2 quarters

Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 quarters

Charges, total, 61 rupees 1 quarter 10 reas

Total, 538 rupees 0 quarters 30 reas

W. D. Draper signed the invoice as accountant, subject to any errors.

Interpretations

The Hampshire's invoice matched the Dutton's of April almost to the rea, in goods, prices and charges alike. Bombay sent the island the same standing order of rice and batty by each ship. The charges were copied from one invoice to the next instead of being worked out afresh.

The Earl of Sandwich sailed for Bencoolen, the English name for the settlement around Fort Marlborough on Sumatra. She carried the Council's letter about Nakhoda Pocolam, who had refused his passage home on her. The Dutch ship from Batavia carried coffee and pepper, the staples of the Dutch East India Company's trade from Java. She called at St Helena as freely as the Danish, Swedish and French ships had done that season.

74

70

3d August

Invoice of Ship Rochford

Rice Stone 120 Bags wt. B. Mds. 240 @ Ar. as. 2 . 8 p Md.

550 . 12 . 9

Paddy 30 Do. wt. 45 @ 14 p Md.

39 . 6

Wax Candles 8 Chests wt. 16 @ Ar. 70 p Md.

1120

Batavia Arrack 4 Leagers @ 180 p Leagr.

777 . 9 . 6

2487 . 12 . 3

Charges Merchandize

200 Gunny Bags @ 14 p %

42 . 3 . 6

6½ Pr. Gunnah of 16 Cubits @ 27 p Co.

9 . 1 . 9

18 Sr. Jute Twine @ 5 p Md.

1 . 14

20 Jute Rope @ 3 . 8 p Md.

1 . 12

30 Gunnys @ 24 p %

7 . 12 . 6

1 Md. Nails @ 10 p Md.

10 . 9

8 Mango Chests @ 2 . 8 ea.

21 . 9 . 6

Red Ochre

2 . 6

50 Reed Matts @ 10 p %

5 . 6 . 6

Cooleyhire

24

Packermen

1 . 12 . 6

Weighmen

14 . 9

Coopers Work

4 . 3 . 3

Boon

2 . 2 . 6

Dust

1 . 3 . 6

Godown hire

270

Boathire

8 . 10 . 3

403 . 13 . 9

1 Pipe Madeira Wine

267 . 12 . 3

1 Do. Vidonia Do.

45 . 10 . 9

333 . 7

Charges Merchandize

Godown hire

25

Boathire

11 . 6

Cooleyhire

1 . 8

27 . 3 . 6

Current Rupees 3252 . 4 . 6

E. Excepted

(signed)

J. Darell Sub Accompt.

We this day Inlisted James Mord to serve the Honble.

Company Five Years as a Soldier and gave him £ 5 Bounty

Money to buy him Necessary's. -

Lieutenant Thomas Lambert Resigning on the

29 instant We appointed Lieutenant James Greentree the Eldest Second

Lieutenant First Lieutenant in his Stead. -

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The invoice of the Rochford listed the goods she brought from Bengal and the charges on them.

Fine rice, 120 bags, weighing 240 bazaar maunds, at 2 rupees 8 annas a factory maund, 550 rupees 12 annas 9 pies

Paddy, 30 bags, weighing 45 factory maunds, at 14 annas a factory maund, 39 rupees 6 annas

Wax candles, 8 chests, weighing 16 factory maunds, at 70 rupees a factory maund, 1,120 rupees

Batavia arrack, 4 leaguers, at [...] a leaguer, 777 rupees 9 annas 6 pies

Goods, total, 2,487 rupees 12 annas 3 pies

Charges on the goods:

Gunny bags, 280, at 14 [...] a hundred, 42 rupees 3 annas 6 pies

Garrah cloth, 6⅝ pieces of 16 cubits, at 27 rupees a score, 9 rupees 1 anna 9 pies

Jute twine, 18 seers, at 5 rupees a factory maund, 1 rupee 14 annas

Jute rope, 20 seers, at 3 rupees 8 annas a factory maund, 1 rupee 12 annas

Gunnies, 32, at 24 rupees a hundred, 7 rupees 12 annas 6 pies

Nails, 1 [...], at 18 [...] a factory maund, 10 annas 9 pies

Mango-wood chests, 8, at 2 rupees 8 annas each, 21 rupees 9 annas 6 pies

[...], 2, 3 annas 6 pies

Reed mats, 40, at 10 rupees a hundred, 5 rupees 6 annas 6 pies

Hire of porters, 24 rupees

Packers, 1 rupee 12 annas 6 pies

Weighmen, 14 annas 9 pies

Coopers' work, 4 rupees 3 annas 3 pies

Messenger, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies

Duty, 1 rupee 2 annas 6 pies

Sloop hire, 270 rupees

Boat hire, 8 rupees 10 annas 3 pies

Charges, total, 403 rupees 13 annas 9 pies

Madeira wine, 1 pipe, 267 rupees 12 annas 3 pies

Vidonia wine, 1 pipe, 65 rupees 10 annas 9 pies

Wine, total, 333 rupees 7 annas

Charges on the wine:

Sloop hire, 25 rupees

Boat hire, 11 annas 6 pies

Hire of porters, 1 rupee 8 annas

Charges, total, 27 rupees 3 annas 6 pies

Total in current rupees, 3,252 rupees 4 annas 6 pies

J. Darell signed the invoice as sub-accountant, subject to any errors.

The Council enlisted James Ward on 3 August 1772 to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. The Board gave him a bounty of £5 to buy what he needed.

Lieutenant Thomas Lambert was to resign on 29 August 1772. The Council appointed Lieutenant James Greentree, the senior second lieutenant, as first lieutenant in his place. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minute.

Interpretations

The Rochford carried a double share of the Bengal supply. She brought 120 bags of rice against the usual 60, eight chests of candles and four leaguers of arrack, with the sloop hire doubled to match. She also brought a pipe of Madeira and a pipe of Vidonia. Vidonia was a dry white wine from Tenerife in the Canary Islands, shipped to India by the same Atlantic traders who carried Madeira. The island had asked Calcutta on 29 April 1772 to send six pipes of Madeira a year. That letter could not yet have reached Bengal by way of China, so these pipes must have answered an earlier request.

Thomas Lambert had asked on 18 May 1772 to be recommended to the Military Fund because age, deafness and failing sight left him unfit for duty. His resignation took effect at the end of August, presumably when a ship could take him home. Promotion went by seniority to the eldest second lieutenant, as the Company's rules required. This was the very principle James Pavell had invoked in vain over his own claim on 6 July 1772.

75

71

10th August

At a Consultation held on Monday the 10th day of August 1772 at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 3d August 1772

Friday the 7 Arrived the Clive's Boat at Banks's at half an Hour past six

o'Clock in the Evening

Do. Do. Do. the Honorable Company's Ship Clive from Bengal

Yesterday Died Mrs. Ruth Colgrave Widow

The Ship Clive brought Us the following Supply's

Invoice of Ship Clive

Rice Stone 60 Bags wt. B. Mds. 120 @ Ar. as. 2 . 2 p Md.

275 . 6 . 6

Paddy 15 Bags wt. Sr. 22 . 20 @ 14 p Md.

19 . 7

Wax Candles 4 Chests wt. 8 @ 70 p Md.

560

Batavia Arrack 2 Leagrs. @ 180 p Leagr.

388 . 3 . 3

1430 . 9

Charges Merchandize

150 Gunny Bags @ 14 p %

21 . 1 . 6

4 Mango Plank Chests @ 2 . 8 p ea.

10 . 12 . 9

3 Pr. Gunnah of 16 Cubits @ 27 p Co.

4 . 5 . 9

Jute Twine @ 3 . 8 p Md.

14

10 Jute Rope

14

12 Nails @ 10 p Md.

5 . 6

40 Reed Matts @ 10 p %

4 . 5 . 3

16 Gunnys @ 24 p %

4 . 2 . 3

Red Earth @ 1 p Md.

6

Weighmen

7 . 9

Packermen

14 . 6

Cooleyhire

10 . 10 . 6

Coopers Work

1 . 7 . 3

Dust

1 . 3

Godown hire

135

Boathire

4 . 10 . 6

212 . 13

1 Pipe Madeira Wine

247 . 12 . 3

1 Do. Vidonia

85 . 10 . 9

333 . 7

Charges Merchandize

Godown hire

25

Boathire

11 . 6

Cooleyhire

1 . 8

27 . 3 . 6

Current Rupees 2011 . 7 . 3

E. Excepted

(signed)

Darell Sub Accompt.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 10 August 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 3 August 1772. At half past six on the evening of Friday 7 August 1772 the boat of the Clive came ashore at Banks's. The Company's ship Clive arrived from Bengal the same day. Mrs Ruth Colgrave, a widow, died on 9 August 1772.

The Clive brought supplies for the island, listed in her invoice.

Fine rice, 60 bags, weighing 120 bazaar maunds, at 2 rupees 2 annas a factory maund, 275 rupees 6 annas 6 pies

Paddy, 15 bags, weighing 22 factory maunds 20 seers, at 14 annas a factory maund, 19 rupees 7 annas

Wax candles, 4 chests, weighing 8 factory maunds, at 70 rupees a factory maund, 560 rupees

Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at [...] a leaguer, 383 rupees 3 annas 3 pies

Goods, total, 1,238 rupees 0 annas 9 pies

Charges on the goods:

Gunny bags, 150, at 14 [...] a hundred, 21 rupees 1 anna 6 pies

Mango-wood chests, 4, at 2 rupees 8 annas each, 10 rupees 12 annas 9 pies

Garrah cloth, 3 pieces of 16 cubits, at 27 rupees a score, 4 rupees 5 annas 9 pies

Jute twine, [...], 14 annas

Jute rope, [...], 14 annas

Nails, [...], 5 annas 6 pies

Reed mats, 40, at 10 rupees a hundred, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pies

Gunnies, 16, at 24 rupees a hundred, 4 rupees 2 annas 3 pies

Red earth, 2 [...], 6 annas

Weighmen, 7 annas 9 pies

Packers, 14 annas 6 pies

Hire of porters, 10 rupees 10 annas 6 pies

Coopers' work, 1 rupee 1 anna 3 pies

Messenger, 1 rupee 3 annas

Sloop hire, 135 rupees

Boat hire, 4 rupees 10 annas 6 pies

Charges, total, 212 rupees 13 annas

Madeira wine, 1 pipe, 247 rupees 12 annas 3 pies

Vidonia wine, 1 pipe, 85 rupees 10 annas 9 pies

Wine, total, 333 rupees 7 annas

Charges on the wine:

Sloop hire, 25 rupees

Boat hire, 11 annas 6 pies

Hire of porters, 1 rupee 8 annas

Charges, total, 27 rupees 3 annas 6 pies

Total in current rupees, 1,811 rupees 7 annas 3 pies

J. Darell signed the invoice as sub-accountant, subject to any errors.

Interpretations

Fine rice cost 2 rupees 2 annas a maund in the Clive's invoice, against 2 rupees 8 annas in the Rochford's a week earlier. The Calcutta market had dropped by about a sixth between the two purchases. The Council received each ship's goods at whatever price Bengal had paid, so the cost of the island's rice rose and fell with the harvests and markets of a province half a world away.

Mrs Ruth Colgrave was probably the widow of the Colgrave family whose James Colgrave had valued the effects of William and Mary Seale on 20 July 1772. Her death left another estate to be proved and inventoried before the Council.

76

72

10th August

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that he has been

on board the Ship Hampshire to Muster her Company and enquire for

Deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows viz. -

Muster Roll of Ship Hampshire

Thos. Taylor Commander

Thos. Timbrell Chief Mate

Jos. Richardson 2 Do.

Andw. Thompson 3 Do.

Wm. Grafton 4 Do.

Richd. Kirby 5 Do.

Robt. Taylor 6 Do.

Chs. Raltry Purser

Geo. Duncan Surgeon

Wm. Sowerby Do. Mate

Edw. Martin Gunner

Danl. Moffat Carpenter

John Thompson Boatsn.

Thos. Crook Ships Stewd.

Wm. Wilstone Capt. Do.

Thos. Cole Caulker

Chs. Clatton Armourer

Danl. Moffat Mid. & Coxn.

Thos. Fellows Midship.

Wm. Hamilton Do.

Robt. Urquhart Do.

Wm. Hackie Do.

Thos. Barrett Do.

Harley Wiley Do.

Wm. Freeman Quartr. Mast.

Edw. Pinney Do.

John Forsaith Do.

Wm. Gibson Do.

Richd. Hutchinson Do.

Chs. Sharp

Thos. Godfrey Quartr. Mast.

Wm. Warner Do.

John Reid Do.

Wm. Thompson Do.

Wm. Grayson Do.

Thos. Holland Gunr. Mate

Wm. Morris Do.

John Venables Do.

John Smith Boats. Mate

Edwd. Collens Carpt. Do.

Vincent Smith Do.

John Simmons Joiner

Thos. Craighead Ships Cook

Jas. Grieve Capt. Do.

Wm. Robinson Carpt. Mate

Fras. Mosely Caulk. Do.

Robt. Adams Baker

Jos. Harris Sailmaker

Geo. Nettleship Butcher

Jo. Black Seaman

John Johnson

Wm. Eyres

Robt. Nelson

Thos. Best

John Smith

John Hardy

John Smith

Richd. Youngman

Jno. Smalley

Richd. Dawson

Fras. Adair Seaman

Robt. Hallet

James Cooper

Thos. Porter

Wm. Tucker

Edw. Lad

Thos. Broady

Edw. Watling

Chs. Hay

Edw. Smith

Thos. Ball

Henry Sayer

Geo. Lisley

John Saxton

John Miller

James Shaw

Andw. Hempsee

Wm. Phillips

Wm. Wilson

James Anderson

Danl. Cole

John Spence

Patk. Roney

Wm. Sidney

Prince Power

John Commaty

Richd. Collins

John Sharp

John Read

Richd. Lynch

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Hampshire to muster her crew and search for deserters, and had found none. Her muster roll began as follows.

Thomas Taylor, commander

Thomas Timbrell, chief mate

James Richardson, second mate

Andrew Thompson, third mate

William Grafton, fourth mate

Richard Kirby, fifth mate

Robert Taylor, sixth mate

Charles Bellroy, purser

George Duncan, surgeon

Thomas Sowerby, surgeon's mate

Edward Martin, gunner

David Neff, carpenter

John Thompson, boatswain

Thomas Crook, ship's steward

William Ackstone, captain's steward

Thomas Cole, caulker

Charles Clatton, armourer

David Sheppard, midshipman and coxswain

Thomas Fellows, midshipman

William Hamilton, midshipman

Robert Urquhart, midshipman

William Harker, midshipman

Thomas Barrett, midshipman

Harley Wiley, midshipman

William Fraser, quartermaster

Edward Penny, quartermaster

John Crossfield, quartermaster

William Batson, quartermaster

Richard Hutchinson, quartermaster

Charles Jones, quartermaster

Thomas Godfrey, quartermaster

William Warner, quartermaster

John Reid, quartermaster

William Thompson, quartermaster

William Kinnier, quartermaster

Thomas Holland, gunner's mate

William Moore, gunner's mate

John Teneclift, gunner's mate

John Smith, boatswain's mate

Edward Collins, carpenter's mate

Vincent Smith, carpenter's mate

John Simmons, joiner

Thomas Craighead, ship's cook

James Freeze, captain's cook

William Robinson, caulker's mate

Francis Mowill, cooper's mate

Patrick Adams, baker

James Harris, sailmaker

James Nettleship, butcher

James Clark, seaman

John Johnson, seaman

William Eyres, seaman

Robert Nelson, seaman

Thomas Best, seaman

John Smith, seaman

John Kirby, seaman

John Smith, seaman

Richard Youngman, seaman

James Linley, seaman

Richard Beacon, seaman

Francis Adair, seaman

Robert Hallet, seaman

James Cooper, seaman

Thomas Porter, seaman

William Tucker, seaman

Edward Lad, seaman

Thomas Broady, seaman

Edward Nesling, seaman

Charles Hay, seaman

Edward Smith, seaman

Thomas Ball, seaman

Henry Sayer, seaman

George Lisle, seaman

John Paxton, seaman

John Miller, seaman

James Shaw, seaman

Andrew Humphreys, seaman

William Phillips, seaman

William Wilson, seaman

James Anderson, seaman

Daniel Cole, seaman

John Spence, seaman

Patrick Rooney, seaman

William Sidney, seaman

Prince Power, seaman

John Commaty, seaman

Richard Collins, seaman

John Sharp, seaman

John Peel, seaman

Richard Search, seaman

The roll continues on the next leaf.

77

73

1772

John Evers Seaman

Thos. Rose

Jacob Davis

Isaac Boyce

Jas. Finden

John Carnish Seaman

Thos. Nichols

John Bridge

John Williams

Henry Ford

John Clark

Jacob Wilson Seaman

Danl. Brandon

Edw. Laster

Hugh Bowling

William Moore

Passengers

Willoughby Henley

Saml. Hambin

Factors

Jas. Adams

Jas. Mall

Lieutenants

(Signed)

Thomas Taylor

The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for

Month of July last were this day laid before Us which were examined, approved

of and are as follow viz. -

Artillery Stores expended in July 1772

Guns fired, 18 Prs., 9 Prs., 6 Prs., 4 Prs., 1 Prs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz

2 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 0

Arrived the Earl of Sandwich: Guns fired 9, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0

9 Alarm at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 Prs. 2, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 6, Powder Expended oz 0

Do. at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 6, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 0

Do. at Turks Cap: Guns fired 2, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 2, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 4, Powder Expended oz 0

11 Arrived the Lord Holland: Guns fired 9, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0

12 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 0

Arrived the Lord North: Guns fired 9, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0

19 Departed the Lord Holland: Guns fired 9, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0

20 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8

Do. at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 Prs. 2, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 6, Powder Expended oz 0

Do. Doubled at Prosperous Bay: Guns fired 3, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 2, 1 Prs. 1, Powder Expended lb 5, Powder Expended oz 8

21 Arrived the Ankerwyke: Guns fired 9, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0

29 Departed the Ankerwyke: Guns fired 9, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0

30 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8

Arrived the Hampshire: Guns fired 9, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0

31 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 0

Arrived the Rochford: Guns fired 9, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0

An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 0

Arrived a Dutch Ship: Guns fired 13, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 8, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 22, Powder Expended oz 0

Powder for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 276, Powder Expended oz 0

Total: Guns fired 126, 18 Prs. 4, 9 Prs. 45, 6 Prs. 30, 4 Prs. 32, 1 Prs. 15, Powder Expended lb 552, Powder Expended oz [...]

The muster roll of the Hampshire concluded as follows.

John Evers, seaman

Thomas Rose, seaman

Jacob Owens, seaman

Isaac Boyce, seaman

James Finden, seaman

John Carnett, seaman

Thomas Nichols, seaman

John Burge, seaman

John Williams, seaman

Henry Ford, seaman

John Clark, seaman

Jacob Wilson, seaman

Daniel Bowden, seaman

Edward Lister, seaman

Hugh Rawling, seaman

William Moore, seaman

Passengers:

Willoughby Hunt, factor

Samuel Gambier, factor

James Atkins, lieutenant

James Mall, lieutenant

Thomas Taylor signed the roll as commander.

The accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for July 1772 were laid before the Board that day. The members examined and approved them. The artillery stores used in July 1772 were as follows.

2 July 1772, alarm, guns fired 6, 4-pounders 4, 1-pounders 2, powder 14 lb 8 oz

9 July 1772, alarm at Purling's Battery, guns fired 2, 18-pounders 2, powder 6 lb

9 July 1772, alarm at Prosperous Bay, guns fired 6, 4-pounders 4, 1-pounders 2, powder 14 lb 8 oz

9 July 1772, alarm at Turk's Cap, guns fired 2, 4-pounders 2, powder 4 lb

12 July 1772, alarm, guns fired 6, 4-pounders 4, 1-pounders 2, powder 14 lb 8 oz

20 July 1772, alarm, guns fired 6, 4-pounders 4, 1-pounders 2, powder 14 lb 8 oz

20 July 1772, alarm at Purling's Battery, guns fired 2, 18-pounders 2, powder 6 lb

20 July 1772, alarm doubled at Prosperous Bay, guns fired 3, 4-pounders 2, 1-pounders 1, powder 5 lb 8 oz

30 July 1772, alarm, guns fired 6, 4-pounders 4, 1-pounders 2, powder 14 lb 8 oz

31 July 1772, alarm, guns fired 6, 4-pounders 4, 1-pounders 2, powder 14 lb 8 oz

31 July 1772, alarm, guns fired 6, 4-pounders 4, 1-pounders 2, powder 14 lb 8 oz

Salutes of 9 guns, five 9-pounders and four 6-pounders, each using 16 lb of powder, marked the arrival of the Earl of Sandwich on 2 July, the Lord Holland on 11 July, the Lord North on 12 July, the Ankerwyke on 21 July, the Hampshire on 30 July and the Rochford on 31 July 1772. Salutes of the same size marked the departure of the Lord Holland on 19 July and the Ankerwyke on 29 July 1772. A 13-gun salute, five 9-pounders and eight 6-pounders, using 22 lb of powder, greeted the Dutch ship on 31 July 1772.

Powder for various services, 272 lb

Total, guns fired 156, 18-pounders 4, 9-pounders 45, 6-pounders 50, 4-pounders 32, 1-pounders 15, powder 552 lb [...]

Interpretations

The Dutch ship received 13 guns, the same salute given to the French warship in June, while Danish and Swedish merchantmen had received 9. The Pleyenburg was a large armed ship of the Dutch East India Company with 30 guns and 130 men. The batteries gave her the honours due to a ship of war rather than a trader. The number of guns in a salute was a careful statement of rank between nations, and the gunners chose it from what they could see of each vessel.

July saw no blasting on the Ladder Hill road recorded in the account. Powder for various services rose to 272 lb, perhaps for work at the new landing place, where stone blasters were already at work in June.

78

74

10th August

Tallow

lb oz 15

Bees Wax

1 . 4

Match

12

Lead Ball

4

Paper

7½ Quires

Tompions

No. 9

(Signed)

James Tippet Capt. of

Artillery

Sundry's Expended at the Honorable Company's Table in

July 1772

49 Bottles Madeira

£ 4 . 18

10 Do. Port

15

23 Do. Lisbon

1 . 14 . 6

4 Do. Mountain

6

24 Do. Beer

4 . 6

16½ Galls. Arrack

2 . 10 . 3

lb 40 Beef

12

299 Mutton

6 . 4 . 7

32 Butter

1 . 13

71 Candy

4 . 11

546 Flour

4 . 11

1 Lamb

10

5 Pigs

1 . 5

Bought for the Table

146½ lb Beef

3 . 2½

1 Turkey

5

3 doz Fowls

2 . 14

1 Goose

5

2 Pigs

10

£ 36 . 9 . ½

The artillery account for July 1772 concluded with the sundry stores used.

Tallow, 15 lb

Beeswax, 1 lb 4 oz

Slow match, 12 lb

Lead ball, 4 lb

Paper, 7½ quires

Tompions, 49

James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. The supplies used at the Company's table in July 1772 were as follows.

Madeira, 49 bottles, £4 18s 0d

Port, 10 bottles, £0 15s 0d

Lisbon wine, 23 bottles, £1 14s 6d

Mountain wine, 4 bottles, £0 6s 0d

Beer, 24 bottles, £0 4s 6d

Arrack, 16½ gallons, £2 10s 3d

Beef, 40 lb, £0 10s 0d

Mutton, 299 lb, £6 4s 7d

Butter, 32 lb, £1 12s 0d

Sugar candy, 91 lb, £2 5s 6d

Flour, 546 lb, £4 11s 0d

Lamb, 1, £0 10s 0d

Pigs, 5, £1 5s 0d

Bought in for the table:

Beef, 146½ lb, £3 0s 2½d

Turkey, 1, £0 5s 0d

Fowls, 3 dozen, £2 14s 0d

Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d

Pigs, 2, £0 10s 0d

Total, £36 9s 0½d

Interpretations

The gunners drew 49 new tompions in July, against a handful in earlier months. A tompion was a wooden plug fitted into the muzzle of a gun to keep out rain and sea spray. The southern winter brought the island's wettest weather, and the batteries were refitted with a full set to protect the bores of guns that might stand unfired for weeks. The table used 32 lb of butter from the Company's own stock for the first time. The new dairy at the plantation, fitted out with milk pans and a skimming dish in the quarter before, had begun to supply the Castle.

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75

[Small dark ink stain at the left of the upper half of the page.]

1772

Mr. William Wrangham this day applied to

Us to pay Fifty six pounds, eight shillings, and nine pence into the Honble.

Company's Cash which Sum we have received and given him Bills of

Exchange drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors payable to

Captain Henry Rice or Order at ninety days sight. -

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Thursday the 13th day of August 1772 at the

Castle.

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 10th Augt. 1772

Tuesday the 11 Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Hampshire for

England

On the 10th instant the Governor laid before the Board the

following Petition and Complaint of Mr. John Stevenson Chief Officer of

the Ship Rochford against Captain Hunt. As the Chief Mate did not

attend on that day deferred the Consideration thereof to this day

William Wrangham applied on 10 August 1772 to pay £56 8s 9d into the Company's treasury. The Council received the money and gave him bills of exchange drawn on the Court of Directors. They were payable to Captain Henry Rice or his order, 90 days after they were presented in London. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minute.

The Council met at the Castle on Thursday 13 August 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 10 August 1772. The Company's ship Hampshire sailed for England on Tuesday 11 August 1772.

On 11 August 1772 Governor Skottowe had laid before the Board a petition and complaint from John Stevenson, chief officer of the Rochford, against his commander, Captain Hunt. The chief mate did not attend that day, so the Board put off considering the complaint until this meeting. The petition follows.

Interpretations

A quarrel between a ship's commander and his chief mate was normally settled aboard or after the voyage, by the Court in London. Stevenson brought his complaint before the Council at St Helena instead, where the Governor and Council held the Company's authority over its ships while they lay in the road. The Board could hear evidence on oath, as it had done in the case against Lieutenant Caldwell, and its minutes would go home with the Court's dispatches. Stevenson probably feared that a complaint left until England would come too late, after his captain had already reported against him. The Council also made sure that both men had a hearing. When the mate was absent on the day the Governor first laid the complaint before the Board, it put off the matter rather than proceed without him.

80

76

13th August

To the Honble. John Scotto Esqr. President in Council

&c. Council

Honble. Sir & Sirs

The Petition of John Stevenson Chief Mate of the

Ship Rochford Captain William Hunt Commander, most humbly

Sheweth unto your Honors -

That your Petitioner was Sworn in First Officer

of the foresaid Ship on the 20 Novr. 1770 and continued to act in

that Station untill the 30 of Septr. 1771 when Captain Hunt thought

proper to dismiss him from Office and confine him to his Cabin

during the whole passage from Madrass to Bengal. That upon

application to the Honble. Board at Fort William, a Committee was

appointed to inquire into the matter and in consequence thereof he

received an Order dated the 9th of March to repair on board and

take upon him that Office from which he had been dismissed by

Captain Hunt. Accordingly your Honors Petitioner got on board

the Rochford on the 20 of March and by virtue of the authority

aforesaid he resumed the Office of Chief Mate of that Ship and

continued to act as such until the 10 of April when Captain

Hunt upon a most frivolous pretence proceeded to a second

dismission and imprisonment. For a more particular account

of which your Petitioner begs leave to refer your Honors to the

accompanying paper.

Humbly beseeching your Honors as well from

a sense of his Duty as privilege to make enquiry into the matter

in Question, ordering the Partys together with Messrs. Paxton

Cummings and Robinson personally to attend, and to grant to

your Petitioner such relief in the Premises as to your Honors in

your abundant wisdom and goodness shall seem meet. And as

in Duty will ever pray

Your humble Petitioner & most

Obedient Servant

St. Helena (Signed)

6th August 1772 John Stevenson

John Stevenson, chief mate of the Rochford, petitioned the Governor and Council on 6 August 1772 against his commander, Captain William Hunt. He had been sworn in as first officer of the ship on 20 November 1770 and served in that post until 3 September 1771. On that date Captain Hunt saw fit to dismiss him from his duties and confined him to his cabin for the whole passage from Madras to Bengal.

Stevenson then appealed to the Council at Fort William in Bengal. It appointed a committee to look into the matter. On the committee's findings, the Council issued an order dated 9 March 1772 directing him to return aboard and take up the post from which Captain Hunt had removed him. Stevenson went aboard the Rochford on 20 March 1772. On the strength of that order he resumed his duties as chief mate and carried them out until 10 April 1772. On that day Captain Hunt, on what Stevenson called a most trivial pretext, dismissed and confined him a second time. Stevenson referred the Council to the papers enclosed with his petition for a fuller account.

He asked the Governor and Council, as a matter of duty as well as kindness, to inquire into the case. He asked them to summon the parties, together with Messrs Paxton, Cumming and Robinson, to attend in person. He asked them to grant him whatever relief they thought just. John Stevenson signed the petition at St Helena on 6 August 1772.

Interpretations

Stevenson's case turned on authority, not only on a quarrel at sea. A commander of an East Indiaman held wide power over his officers on the voyage, including the power to suspend and confine them. The Council at Fort William had heard the dispute and ordered Stevenson restored. Within three weeks of his return, Hunt removed him again. If the second dismissal was made on a slight pretext, Hunt had in effect set aside the decision of a Company presidency. That was a far more serious matter than an ordinary dispute between officers.

St Helena was the last Company settlement on the voyage home. Once the Rochford sailed, Stevenson would remain under arrest until the ship reached England. The Court would then hear Hunt's account first, perhaps a year after the events. By asking the Council to summon witnesses while the ship lay in the road, Stevenson sought to have the evidence taken on oath while the men who saw what happened were still at hand. Paxton, Cumming and Robinson were probably officers or passengers of the Rochford.

81

77

1772

On the 10th of March I received the following Order from

the Honble. Board at Calcutta viz.

To Mr. John Stevenson Chief Mate of the Rochford

Sir

I am directed by the Honble. the President & Council to inform you

of their Orders for your repairing onboard the Ship Rochford, and taking upon

you the Post of Chief Mate of that Ship from whence you had been

Removed by the Captain. And this Order you are to consider as sufficient

authority for your so doing.

I am

Sir

Fort William Your humble Servant

9th March 1772 (Signed)

W. Wynne Secy.

On the next day after receiving the above Order I waited upon

Captain Hunt at his own House to know his commands onboard but

was told by one of his Servants that the Captain said he did not want

to see me. Early on the Morning of the 20th I got onboard and resumed

my Office of Chief Mate by virtue of the authority aforesaid. On the 21

in the afternoon the Captain came onboard, about seven o'Clock that

Evening Mr. Blair 2d. Mate came to me on the Quarter Deck and told me

that Captain Hunt had sent for him twice into the Round House

desiring him to see the Sheep in which he came down delivered and

gave him directions about stowing of some Wine in the Gunroom;

But that he Mr. Blair excused himself each time by saying that I

was upon the Quarter Deck and had the command. To which Captain

Hunt never made any reply.

I told Mr. Blair I was much obliged to him for what he had

acquainted me with, and that he might not appear to be deficient in his

Duty with respect to yielding obedience to Captain Hunt's commands, I

desired him to acquaint the Captain from me if he said any more to him

about the matter that I now acted as Chief Mate of his Ship by virtue

of a power received from or rather invested by the Governor and Council

of Fort William, and as I knew no Superior on board but Captain Hunt

therefore no Man but himself should either take the Command from me

or anywise obstruct me in executing the Dutys of my Office. If Captain

Stevenson's enclosed account set out what happened next. On 10 March 1772 he received an order from the Council at Calcutta, written by W. Wynne, its secretary, at Fort William on 9 March 1772. Wynne told him that the President and Council had ordered him to go back aboard the Rochford and take up the post of chief mate, from which the captain had removed him. The letter itself was to serve as his authority for doing so.

The day after he received the order, Stevenson called on Captain Hunt at his house to ask for his instructions for the ship. A servant told him that the captain did not wish to see him. Early on the morning of 20 March 1772 Stevenson went aboard and resumed his duties as chief mate on the authority of the Council's order. Captain Hunt came aboard on the afternoon of 21 March. At about seven that evening Mr Blair, the second mate, came to Stevenson on the quarterdeck. Captain Hunt had twice called Blair into the roundhouse, telling him to see to the unloading of the vessel in which the captain had come down the river and giving him directions for stowing some wine in the gunroom. Each time Blair had excused himself, saying that Stevenson was on the quarterdeck and had the command. Captain Hunt made no reply.

Stevenson thanked Blair for telling him. He did not want Blair to seem to be failing in his duty to obey the captain. He therefore asked Blair to give the captain a message from him if Hunt raised the matter again. Stevenson was acting as chief mate under an order from the Governor and Council of Fort William, and he recognised no superior on board except Captain Hunt himself. No one but the captain could take the command from him or hinder him in his duties. Stevenson's account continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Blair's refusal shows how the dispute split the ship's command. The second mate would not take orders that by custom passed through the chief mate, because the chief mate had been reinstated by the Company's own presidency. Hunt avoided a direct order to Stevenson and tried to work round him through a junior officer. Stevenson's message was carefully worded. He accepted Hunt as his only superior on board, while making plain that his place rested on the authority of Fort William. Any attempt to set him aside would then be a challenge to the Council at Calcutta, not just to a mate.

82

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13th August

Hunt be determined to fly in the face of the Honble. Board by rejecting me

let him like a man avow his determination and enforce his authority

in Person and abide the consequences. -

Captain Hunt's shyness quickly disappeared, and in a

few days he seemed much more free and friendly than ever he had

been before. Notwithstanding which I was not without my

apprehensions with respect to that cruel design which they lay latent

in his Breast. His subsequent behaviour proved my Suspicions to

have been but too justly founded for on the 10 of April four days

after the Pilot left Us at 2 o'Clock P.M. the Captains Steward brought

Orders upon the Quarter Deck for Mr. Hunloch the second Officer to

be called to relieve Mr. Blair the third which Watch by rotation

belonged to me. I went immediately into the Round house and

asked Captain Hunt in presence of the Surgeon, Purser & Mr. Wm.

Paxton a Gentleman Passenger if he had given such Orders. He

said "Yes" I told him that it was my watch. To which he replyed

"Very well Mr. Hunloch is to take it". I then asked if I was not to

act. He answered "You may do what you like". I then asked him his

Reason for such procedure. To which he replyed "You won't mind

what I say. I ordered you to get the Bulkhead Shifted in the great

Cabin and you have not done it". I told him that when I asked

him whether Capt. Ramsey might not have the side Cabin to Sleep

in He answered in the negative and told me that he intended

shifting the side Bulkhead farther into midships, and gave the

side Cabin to Mr. Paxton but never gave me any Orders about

getting it done. I asked him if he had given me such Orders what

temptation he could possibly suppose me to lay under either to

delay or avoid the execution. Instead of giving any answer to

what I then urged he told me that I had contradicted him. I said

that I challenged him and all men living to make it appear

that ever I had contradicted him. He replyed "Yes you contradicted

me be the Committee at Mr. Vere's". I told him that I certainly

had a very good right to contradict what he then charged me

with because the charge was not true, and had moreover a

direct tendency to take away my bread. He said He would not

on that. To which I answered that if saying that I should have

told him when I had business of my own to attend to. I did not

think myself under his command; Did not tend to the depriving

me of my bread I did not know what could. Upon saying which I

withdrew. The contradiction I understood to be meant was concerning

the Ships Duty -

Stevenson's account went on to repeat the message he gave Blair. If Captain Hunt was determined to defy the Council at Fort William by rejecting him, he should say so openly, use his authority in person and take the consequences.

The captain's coolness soon passed. Within a few days he seemed far more open and friendly than he had been before. Stevenson still feared that Hunt was nursing some harsh intention, and events proved him right. At two in the afternoon of 10 April 1772, five days after the pilot left the ship, the captain's steward brought an order to the quarterdeck. Mr Kinloch, the second officer, was to be called to relieve Mr Blair, the third, although by the rota the watch was Stevenson's.

Stevenson went straight into the roundhouse. In front of the surgeon, the purser and Mr William Paxton, a passenger, he asked Captain Hunt whether he had given that order. Hunt said that he had. Stevenson replied that it was his own watch. Hunt answered that Mr Kinloch would take it. Stevenson asked whether he was no longer to act, and Hunt told him he could do as he pleased. When Stevenson asked his reason, Hunt said that Stevenson paid no attention to what he said. He had ordered Stevenson to have the bulkhead in the great cabin moved, and it had not been done.

Stevenson answered that he had asked Hunt whether Captain Ramsey might sleep in the side cabin. Hunt had said no, and that he meant to move the side bulkhead further towards the middle of the ship and give the side cabin to Mr Paxton. But Hunt had never ordered him to have the work done. Stevenson asked what reason he could possibly have to delay or avoid such an order if it had been given. Hunt did not answer the question. Instead he accused Stevenson of contradicting him. Stevenson challenged him and everyone present to show when he had done so. Hunt replied that Stevenson had contradicted him before the committee at Mr Vere's.

Stevenson said that he had every right to contradict what Hunt had charged him with there, because the charge was untrue and was plainly meant to take away his livelihood. Hunt said he could not see that. Stevenson replied that Hunt had told the committee Stevenson considered himself outside the captain's command whenever he had business of his own to see to. If that statement was not meant to deprive him of his living, he did not know what could be. With that, Stevenson withdrew. He understood the contradiction Hunt complained of to concern the duties of the ship. His account continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

The dispute over the bulkhead was a pretext, and Stevenson's account lets the real grievance show through. Hunt resented that his chief mate had contradicted him before the committee at Fort William that heard the first dismissal. That committee had found for Stevenson and sent him back aboard. Hunt waited until the pilot had left the ship in the Hooghly before acting. Once the ship was at sea, no appeal to Calcutta was possible. He then relieved Stevenson of his watch without any formal charge. He chose a breach of orders that he could not show he had ever given.

Stevenson took care to make his challenge before the surgeon, the purser and Mr Paxton, so that independent witnesses heard both men. Paxton was among the three men he asked the St Helena Council to summon. The quarrel had become a test of whether a commander at sea could undo the decision of a Company presidency.

83

79

1772

On the day following at six P.M. I went into the Round house

and told Captain Hunt, Messrs. Paxton, Cummings and Robinson being again

present that in matters of consequence it was necessary the Partys concerned

should be sufficiently explicit: That my present business was to ask whether,

by what he had done last night I must look upon myself as dismissed from

my Office of Chief Mate of his Ship? I acquainted him at same time with

my farther reasons for putting the Question, namely, that when I asked him

upon his appointing Mr. Hunloch to take my Watch last night whether I

was not to act. He replyed "You may do what you like". Also that he had said

before the Committee at Bengal, with regard to a former dismission "That

I would not act under his Command". To all which he answered "You must

wait for it." I told him that as matters then stood I had an undoubted right

to put the Question, and for my own security it was absolutely necessary that

I should have a plain and positive answer. To which he again replied "You

must wait for it." Then said I as you will not declare whether I am

dismissed, or not my Watch comes upon Deck at 8 o'Clock and shall take

charge of it. To which he replied "Will you". I told him that no Person on

board should hinder me but himself, that I knew no superior on board but

him. I owned his authority over me; and if he chused to interpose that

authority, I should submit. I then begged to know whether I was, or was not

Dismissed? To which he replyed as before "You must wait for it." then said

I, I shall take the charge of my Watch when they come upon Deck. To

which he made no other reply than "Will you"? -

At 8 o'Clock I relieved Mr. Hunloch and took the charge

of my Watch. About 10 Captain Hunt came upon the Quarter Deck and

without saying a word to me, Ordered Mr. Blair the 3d. Mate to be called.

Upon which I asked him, Mr. Paxton being present, if he would not as

well have declared himself when I waited on him in the Round house

for that purpose? to which he made no reply. When Mr. Blair came upon

Deck Captain Hunt ordered him to take charge of the Watch, upon which

I asked Captain Hunt, if I was then dismissed from my Office? To which

he replied "Yes". I then spoke as follows viz. -

Captain Hunt we are now upon our passage home.

To which he answered "Hum" I proceeded, As our passage according

to the common course of things, may prove pretty long. I was willing to

behave in such a manner as to have made things as agreable to

both Partys as I possibly could. - But steady to your original

purpose I find you are resolutely determined to ruin the Man who

never has injured you, whose chief if not his only crime consists in

being too submissive, too assiduous to please; if instead of that obsequious

On the following evening, 11 April 1772, Stevenson went into the roundhouse at six o'clock. Messrs Paxton, Cumming and Robinson were present. He told Captain Hunt that in serious matters the parties concerned ought to speak plainly. He had come to ask whether, after what had passed the night before, he was to regard himself as dismissed from his post as chief mate. He gave his reasons for asking. When he had asked the previous night whether he was no longer to act, Hunt had told him to do as he pleased. Before the committee in Bengal, speaking of the earlier dismissal, Hunt had also said that Stevenson would not act under his command. To all this Hunt replied only that Stevenson must wait for his answer.

Stevenson said that, as things stood, he had every right to put the question. For his own protection he needed a clear and definite answer. Hunt again told him he must wait. Stevenson then said that, since the captain would not declare whether he was dismissed, his watch came on deck at eight o'clock and he would take charge of it. Hunt answered only, "Very well." Stevenson added that no one on board should stop him except the captain himself, since he recognised no superior there but Hunt. He acknowledged the captain's authority over him and would submit if Hunt chose to use it. He asked once more whether he was dismissed, and received the same reply. He said he would take charge of his watch when it came on deck. Hunt answered only, "Very well."

At eight o'clock Stevenson relieved Mr Kinloch and took charge of his watch. At about nine Captain Hunt came onto the quarterdeck. Without a word to Stevenson, he ordered Mr Blair, the third mate, to be called. Stevenson asked him, in Mr Paxton's presence, why he had not declared himself when Stevenson came to the roundhouse for that very purpose. Hunt made no reply. When Blair came on deck, the captain ordered him to take charge of the watch. Stevenson asked whether he was now dismissed from his post, and Hunt said that he was.

Stevenson then addressed him. He reminded the captain that they were now on the voyage home, and Hunt acknowledged it. Stevenson said that, as the passage might well be long, he had been willing to conduct himself so as to make things as agreeable as possible for both of them. He now saw, however, that Hunt was holding firmly to his original purpose and was determined to ruin a man who had never done him any harm. That man's chief fault, perhaps his only one, was that he had been too submissive and too eager to please. The account continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Stevenson's careful questioning was meant to make Hunt either dismiss him openly or let him carry on, in front of witnesses each time. A chief mate who left his post without a clear order could be charged with deserting his duty. One who went on serving after a plain dismissal could be charged with defying his commander. By insisting on an answer and offering to submit to the captain's authority if Hunt chose to use it, Stevenson made sure that any dismissal would be Hunt's act alone. Paxton, Cumming and Robinson heard the exchange in the roundhouse. They were the three witnesses Stevenson asked the Council at St Helena to summon.

Hunt's tactic was to say as little as possible. He would neither confirm nor deny the dismissal in the roundhouse. He then gave the watch to the third mate on deck without a word to Stevenson. Pressed directly, he gave a one-word "yes". A commander who made no formal written charge left little for a court to examine. That was probably why Hunt avoided giving reasons, and why Stevenson recorded every word of each exchange.

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13th August

demeanour, I had upon some particular occasions treated you a

little cavalierly, perhaps I might have come in with my Brother

Officers, for at least an equal share of your apparent favour and

esteem. But such a behaviour I could by no means approve. On the

contrary it was always a pleasure to me because I thought it my

Duty not only to obey your Orders in my own person; but also to

see and insist that every other person on board yielded obedience also.

That the more I endeavoured to please the farther I found myself

from my Aim was my misfortune not my crime. Having to deal

with determined opposition and the most cruel Tyranny I was

either counteracted or discountenanced almost in every branch of my

duty and rewarded alternately with - What rewarded with the most

unjust, wantonly cruel and illegal punishment! - But there is a

Degree at which every Man when pushed ought to repel. And when

in such necessary defence the Aggressor cannot but with a very ill

grace complain tho' in his turn he should get a little wounded.

I hope however you will not imagine from what I have said that

ever I intend to be guilty of any improper behaviour towards you

whilst you are my Commander, or indeed at any time what may

justly be called improper behaviour. Considering you as appointed

over me by our mutual Employers I shall continue chearfully to

obey you, viewing you as Commander of the Rochford I shall

respect and honour you. - But a time will shortly come when

all these obligations will finally terminate and cease. At that period

all you can reasonably expect is to be considered merely as a member

of Civil Society and the dutys arising from thence become reciprocally

incumbent. - That I contradicted you before the Committee

at Mr. Vere's is true. But had I not just cause for so doing?

Did we not meet there as opposite Partys? Could you imagine

that I should hear you strenuously endeavouring to ruin both

me and my Family and yet remain silent? No it was not

to be expected. However I will give you a fair opportunity of

proving the charge which you was then pleased to bring against

me. Which if you do? I here publickly promise humbly to ask

forgiveness. But until that is done; I beg leave to consider it

as no less malicious than scandalously false. I now know your

disposition too well to expect any favour at your hands. From

the frequent shewing of your teeth I can easily infer your cruel

intention to bite. - I here publickly protest against you for

all such loss and damage which may happen and accrue in

Margin Notes:

and as one of that Party stood on firm ground

Stevenson went on to say that, if he had dropped his eager compliance and treated the captain somewhat offhandedly now and then, he might have won as large a share of Hunt's apparent favour as his fellow officers. He could never approve of such conduct. He had always been glad to do his duty, which he took to mean obeying the captain's orders himself and making sure that everyone else on board obeyed them too. It was his misfortune, not his fault, that the harder he tried to please, the further he was from succeeding. He had met with determined opposition and harsh tyranny. He had been thwarted or slighted in almost every part of his duty, and his reward had been punishment that was unjust, wantonly cruel and illegal.

Every man, he said, came to a point where he was bound to resist. An aggressor had little right to complain if he was hurt a little by such necessary self-defence. Stevenson hoped the captain would not take his words to mean that he would ever behave improperly towards him while Hunt was his commander, or indeed at any time. The captain had been placed over him by the employers they both served, and Stevenson would go on obeying him willingly. As commander of the Rochford, Hunt would have his respect. But the time would soon come when those obligations ended. From then on, Hunt could expect to be treated only as a private member of society, and the duties between them would be equal on both sides.

Stevenson admitted that he had contradicted Hunt before the committee at Mr Vere's. He asked whether he had not had good reason. They had appeared there as opposing parties. Hunt could not have expected him to stand by in silence while the captain worked hard to ruin him and his family. He would now give Hunt a fair chance to prove the charge he had made against him there. If Hunt proved it, Stevenson promised publicly to ask his forgiveness. Until then, he would regard the charge as malicious and scandalously false. He knew the captain's nature too well now to expect any favour from him. Hunt's repeated shows of hostility left no doubt that he meant to do harm. Stevenson therefore made a public protest against the captain for any loss or damage that might follow. The account continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

The speech ended with a formal protest, and that was its legal purpose. In maritime practice a protest was a declaration, made before witnesses, that one party held another responsible for any loss that followed. It preserved the right to sue later. Stevenson made it on the quarterdeck in front of the watch, so he could claim damages from Hunt in England for lost wages and ruined prospects. The rest of his speech was careful to keep the claim lawful. He insisted that he would go on obeying the captain while at sea. A mate who refused duty after dismissal could have been charged with mutiny. By promising obedience aboard ship and holding his grievance over until the voyage ended, he protected himself while keeping his case alive.

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consequence of what you have now done; as well to the Company and the

Owners as myself. "That" said he "You did in the Round house last night"

True replied I "but now I do it in a more publick manner. I wish you

a good night and a better heart; at present I believe it is a very rotten

one." - It is some time since you declared your desire and intention

of driving me out of the Service: the most effectual method which can only

be by my Death. But I would not have you to suffer your expectations

to run too high on that head. I hope I shan't break my Heart for all

you have done yet, as in the present case I am not only without fault

but even without the least shadow of blame. To all which Captain

Hunt made no other reply than "Keep a good Tongue. - You shall

have all the assistance in my power". -

From this time I ceased to act, farther than observing for

the Latitude and Longitude and even that small remains was but of very

short duration: for on the next day the 13 about half past four P.M. Capt.

Hunt sent his Servant desiring to speak with me. I immediately obeyed

the summons and found him in the Balcony when he told me as follows.

"As you took the Watch last night contrary to my orders I now order you

to your Cabin". I asked him if he meant close confinement. "Yes" he answered

"Yes". I then began to shew that I had not taken the Watch contrary to but

for want of Orders, but was immediately stopt by his telling me "I'll hear

nothing about the matter. I order you to your Cabin". I told him that as

he had shuffled a ...... about his former orders when before the Committee

saying that "by ordering me to my Cabin he did not mean or intend

close confinement then". I should not now receive such orders in private.

He insisted very positively that he never denied any thing before the

Committee. And bid me look into my Copy of the examination, and

see if he had not owned it. I told him that I would look into it and

shew him that he was egregiously mistaken. He again ordered me to

my Cabin. I told him that I should not receive such orders without

he gave them in publick and so saying walked out of the Round house

he immediately followed ordering me to my Cabin. And added "If ever

I find you out of it I'll punish you" when we came upon the quarter Deck

he told Mr. Hunloch who then had the Watch that he had ordered me

to my Cabin. To which I replied as follows viz. I shall now go to my

Cabin agreable to your orders, but remember, that I go and remain there

at your peril. Your intentions with regard to me have been murderous

all along. - But notwithstanding the very unwarrantable length to

which you now go; I hope still to survive, look to yourself and to that

which you have in charge. Some Captains not content with having

Stevenson's protest held the captain answerable for any loss that might follow from his actions, to the Company and the ship's owners as well as to Stevenson himself. Hunt said that Stevenson had already made that protest in the roundhouse the night before. Stevenson agreed, but said he was now making it more publicly. He wished the captain good night and a kinder heart, since he believed Hunt's present one to be thoroughly corrupt. He reminded Hunt that some time before he had declared his wish to drive Stevenson out of the service. The surest way to do it would be his death, but Hunt should not set his hopes too high on that score. Stevenson did not expect to break his heart over anything the captain had yet done, since in this matter he was not only free of fault but free of the least hint of blame. To all this Hunt replied only that Stevenson should mind his tongue, and that he would give him every help in his power.

From then on Stevenson did no duty beyond taking observations for latitude and longitude, and even that did not last long. At about half past four on the afternoon of 12 April 1772 Captain Hunt sent his servant to say that he wished to speak to him. Stevenson went at once and found the captain in the stern gallery. Hunt told him that, since he had taken the watch the night before against orders, he was now ordered to his cabin. Stevenson asked whether he meant close confinement, and Hunt said he did. Stevenson began to explain that he had taken the watch for want of orders, not against them, but Hunt cut him short. He would hear nothing about it, he said, and repeated the order.

Stevenson reminded him that before the committee he had been evasive about his earlier orders. He had claimed then that sending Stevenson to his cabin had not meant close confinement. Stevenson would therefore not accept such an order in private now. Hunt insisted firmly that he had denied nothing before the committee. He told Stevenson to look at his copy of the examination and see whether he had not admitted it. Stevenson said he would look, and would show the captain that he was badly mistaken. Hunt ordered him to his cabin again. Stevenson replied that he would not accept such an order unless it was given in public, and walked out of the roundhouse.

Hunt followed him straight out, ordering him to his cabin and adding that he would punish him if he ever found him out of it. When they reached the quarterdeck, the captain told Mr Kinloch, who had the watch, that he had ordered Stevenson to his cabin. Stevenson then said he would go to his cabin as ordered, but warned Hunt that he did so at the captain's own risk. Hunt had meant to destroy him from the start. However harsh the confinement, Stevenson still hoped to come through it, and he warned the captain to look to himself and to the ship in his charge. His account continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Stevenson refused to accept the order in private because of what had happened before the committee at Fort William. There, Hunt had evidently claimed that an order to go to one's cabin did not mean close arrest. That allowed him to deny having confined Stevenson illegally. By forcing the order to be given again on the quarterdeck in front of the officer of the watch, Stevenson made sure that this time the confinement was witnessed and could not be disowned. His parting warning to Hunt to look to the ship was a reminder that a commander who confined his chief mate for the passage home stripped the ship of her most experienced officer. If anything went wrong at sea, the responsibility would be Hunt's alone.

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the supreme command on board their respective Ships are

frequently arrogating to themselves a right to an independent and

unlimited power from such Gentlemen I beg leave to differ. The

Adventurers in Ships whether Owners or others have an undoubted

right to the utmost abilities of all their Servants. And expect and

require, that their principal Officers on board shall be aiding and

assisting to their respective Commanders as well with their mental

as Bodily powers. Hence that Commander who will venture to undertake

any thing momentous, new, uncommon and hazardous without the

approbation of his Officers must render himself clearly liable to

answer to his Employers for the consequences. With these words I

descended the Steerage Ladder and went directly to my prison, where

I continued for the space of three Months and nineteen days namely

Until one P.M. on the 31 day of July when after the Ship was moored

at St. Helena, Mr. Hunloch came to me and told me that Captain

Hunt desired him to acquaint me that I was at my liberty. -

(Signed)

St. Helena 6 August 1772 John Stevenson

Having sent for the Partys concerned and

after reading Mr. Stevenson's Complaint to Captain Hunt, and

finding that an examination into the merits of the complaint would

require more time than the nature of their stay on this Island would

admit; and willing to compromise the affair. The ultimate

determination of judging between the Partys resting with the

Honble. the Court of Directors, and apprehending that the displacing

a Chief Officer might possibly be attended with bad consequences

to the Ship. We recommended to Captain Hunt to restore

Mr. Stevenson to his Station as Chief Mate on board the Rochford

which he promised to do provided Mr. Stevenson would wait upon

him and receive his Orders. The above promise we communicated

to Mr. Stevenson as well as our wish that it should take this

issue for the present, he accordingly assured us agreable to our

desire that he would wait upon Capt. Hunt and receive his Commands

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

Stevenson ended his warning to the captain with a general point. Some commanders, he said, were not content with holding supreme command aboard their ships. They often claimed for themselves an independent and unlimited power, and he disagreed with them. Whoever had a stake in a ship, whether owners or others, had an undoubted right to the best efforts of all their servants. They expected the chief officers on board to support their commanders with their judgement as well as their labour. A commander who undertook anything serious, new, unusual or dangerous without his officers' agreement must therefore answer to his employers for the consequences.

With those words Stevenson went down the steerage ladder and straight to his cabin, which became his prison. He stayed there for three months and 19 days. At one in the afternoon of 31 July 1772, after the ship had moored at St Helena, Mr Kinloch came and told him that Captain Hunt wished him to know he was free. John Stevenson signed the account at St Helena on 6 August 1772.

The Council sent for both men and read Stevenson's complaint against Captain Hunt. It found that a proper examination of the case would take longer than the ship's stay at the island allowed. Both parties were willing to settle the affair. The final judgement between them rested with the Court of Directors. The Council also feared that removing a chief officer might harm the ship on the rest of her voyage. It therefore advised Captain Hunt to restore Stevenson to his post as chief mate of the Rochford. Hunt promised to do so, provided that Stevenson called on him and received his orders. The Council told Stevenson of the captain's promise and of its own wish that the matter be settled in this way for the present. Stevenson accordingly assured the Board that he would call on Captain Hunt and take his orders. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minute.

Interpretations

Stevenson had asked the Council to hold a full inquiry, with witnesses summoned and evidence taken. The Council chose not to. It brokered a settlement instead and gave three reasons: the ship's short stay, the Court's final authority over such disputes and the danger of sending the Rochford home without her chief mate. The last reason weighed most. Settling the question of blame would have left one of the two men disgraced, and an Indiaman on the long Atlantic passage needed both her commander and her first officer. By restoring Stevenson on condition that he report to Hunt for orders, the Council put the ship's command back together while leaving the rights and wrongs for London to decide.

Stevenson's own record shows that Hunt kept him in close confinement from 12 April until the ship moored at St Helena on 31 July, 110 days in all, and freed him only when the Rochford reached a place where he could complain. Hunt had now conceded the point in practice, by agreeing to reinstate the man he had twice dismissed. Stevenson's long account, entered in full in the Council's minutes, would reach the Court with the island's dispatches, so his version of events would be on record whatever Hunt reported at home.

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At a Consultation held on Monday the 17th day of August 1772 at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 13th August

1772

Mr. Stevenson this day laid before Us the two

following Letters, one addressed to the Board, and the other to Capt. Hunt at

Sea, at the same time signified to Us that he did not choose to wait upon

Captn. Hunt without an Order in writing, as he apprehended such an

act might be construed as a concession on his part, but was ready to

comply with any written Order he received from the Board. We therefore

in consequence of Capt. Hunt's promise to Us directed the Secretary to

write him the annexed Order. Entered subsequent to Mr. Stevenson's

Papers. -

To the Honble. John Scottow Esqr. President in Council

&c. Council

Honble. Sir & Sirs

Considering Captain Hunt's behaviour to me during

our Passage from Bengal to this place to be equally cruel as a Man

tyrannical as a Commander and directly repugnant to the duties of his

Office as a Servant to his Employers I applyed to your Honors for the

interposition of that authority with which you are not less wisely than

fully invested. Captain Hunt and I attended the Honble. Board in

consequence of your Orders on Thursday the 13th instant, where after

hearing my Petition and account of the whole matter in Question

read and hearing of Captain Hunt's defence, we were desired to

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 17 August 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 13 August 1772.

John Stevenson laid two letters before the Board that day. One was addressed to the Council and the other to Captain Hunt, who was then at sea. Stevenson also told the Board that he would not call on Captain Hunt unless he had a written order to do so. He feared that going of his own accord might be taken as an admission on his part. He was, however, ready to obey any written order from the Board. In view of Captain Hunt's promise, the Council therefore told the Secretary to write Stevenson the necessary order. The order was entered after Stevenson's papers.

Stevenson's letter to the Governor and Council set out his reasons. He regarded Captain Hunt's conduct towards him on the passage from Bengal as cruel in a man, tyrannical in a commander and contrary to the duties a servant owed his employers. He had therefore applied to the Council to use the authority with which it was so wisely and fully entrusted. On the Council's orders, he and Captain Hunt had appeared before the Board on Thursday 13 August 1772. The Board heard his petition and his account of the whole affair read, and then heard Captain Hunt's defence. The two men were then asked to withdraw. The letter continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Stevenson's refusal to call on the captain without a written order followed the same reasoning as his conduct aboard ship. The Council's settlement of 13 August required him to wait on Hunt and receive his orders. Doing so of his own accord could be read as asking the captain's pardon and so as accepting that he had been at fault. If he went on the Board's written instruction, his return to duty would rest on the Council's authority rather than on any submission to Hunt. This was exactly the position he had taken at Calcutta, where he went back aboard on the order of the Council at Fort William. The Council accepted his condition and issued the order, which kept the settlement intact while leaving his claim against Hunt open for the Court to judge.

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withdraw. Upon my being called in a second time I was told by the

Honble. Board, that one Mans assertion was as good as that of

another, that as there were other Sworn Officers onboard, the Passage

from hence to England short, and the deciding of the matter here

would require some considerable space of time You thought it most

adviseable to leave the whole matter in Question to the decision of

our Honble. Masters. That Captain Hunt had said If I would

wait on him and ask him for his orders he would reinstate me

in my Office. I observed to your Honors then that the asking of

Captain Hunt for his orders by way of favour I could not, I must

not do. Such an application might prove of very dangerous

consequence to me, and would not only be giving a kind of Sanction to

all that he has already done but might also encourage him to

proceed to the like treatment in the remainder of our Passage. And

with submission to your Honors I beg leave to say that I am still

of the same Opinion. I cannot, nor I see with any degree of propriety

I can apply to Captain Hunt for his Orders untill I am

properly in Office. To ask Captain Hunt for his Orders before I

am really and properly reinstated would in other words be asking

him to reinstate me with that authority which in the most

unjustifiable manner he long ago took upon him to divest me of.

The Duty which I owe to my Employers was the principal motive

inducing me to apply to your Honors in the manner I have done

and that duty which I owe to myself, my Family and my Friends

forbids my granting any such concession to Captain Hunt so long

as he not me stands clearly and highly culpable. I cannot

conceive of the condition required by Captain Hunt in any other

light than as a dangerous concession on my side. I know of no

other intention he can have in requiring it. My asking him for

his Orders cannot be supposed to convey the least power or

authority to him either from the Honble. Board or me for the purpose

of my restoration. The Honble. Board hath not Commanded him

and I have no power to bestow in fact he wants it not he stands

sufficiently invested by his Employers in constituting and

appointing him Commander of the Rochford. Hence the same

authority which stripped me of my power as an acting Officer is

indisputably sufficiently for the purpose of my reinvestiture. And

I am much more bound to yield Obedience to the last than to the

first. To the one I only yield as to an overruling power which is

either Justifiable or not Justifiable, legal or not legal according to the

When Stevenson was called back in, the Board told him that one man's word was as good as another's. There were other sworn officers aboard the ship and the voyage home was short. Deciding the matter on the island would take a good deal of time. The Board therefore thought it best to leave the whole question to the Court of Directors. Captain Hunt had said that he would restore Stevenson to his post if Stevenson called on him and asked for his orders.

Stevenson had told the Board at the time that he could not and must not ask Captain Hunt for his orders as a favour. Such a request might do him serious harm. It would amount to approving everything Hunt had already done, and it might encourage the captain to treat him the same way for the rest of the voyage. He still held that view, with respect to the Council. He could not properly ask the captain for orders until he was properly back in his post. To ask before he was truly reinstated would be the same as asking Hunt to give him back the authority the captain had taken from him so unjustly long before.

His duty to his employers had been the main reason for bringing his complaint to the Council. His duty to himself, his family and his friends forbade him to make any such concession to the captain while he saw no fault in his own conduct. He could see the condition Hunt had set only as a dangerous admission on his own part, and could think of no other purpose the captain could have in demanding it. Asking for orders could not give Hunt any power or authority to restore him, whether from the Board or from Stevenson himself. The Board had not ordered the captain to restore him, and Stevenson had no power to grant. Hunt did not need any. His employers had already given him full authority when they appointed him commander of the Rochford. The same authority that had stripped Stevenson of his post was plainly enough to restore him to it.

Stevenson said he was far more willing to obey that authority when it restored him than when it removed him. To the dismissal he yielded only as to a superior power, which might be justified or unjustified, lawful or unlawful, depending on the circumstances. His letter continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

The Council's remark that one man's word was as good as another's shows why it would not decide the case. Stevenson's account and Hunt's defence contradicted each other. Settling the matter fairly would have meant taking sworn evidence from the other officers, the surgeon, the purser and Mr Paxton, which could not be done in the few days the Rochford stayed in the road. Stevenson's objection went to the heart of the settlement. The Board had made Hunt's restoration of him depend on Stevenson asking for orders, and that let the captain present the outcome as an act of grace towards a penitent officer. Stevenson argued that the captain had always had the power to restore him without any such request. The condition served only to turn the end of an unjust confinement into a favour he had begged for.

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nature of the case and manner of the proceedings therein. But to the other

I stand firmly and personally engaged by my own voluntary and

deliberate act at the India house, and it is absolutely at my peril to refuse

obeying the Orders of my Commander so far as by my preengagement I

stand obliged.

I beg leave to request that your Honors will be pleased

to take particular notice of the Gunpowder affair as urged against me by

Captain Hunt. That is the whole of his answer to my Complaint. That is

the only charge which he offers to bring against me. And upon that and

that only he now grounds the Justice and legallity of my dismission and

imprisonment. I humbly apprehend that this is a tacit acknowledgement

that the State of the case as represented by me is true in every particular

that he is conscious to himself that the Grounds upon which he actually

dismissed me from my office and imprisoned my Person is altogether

untenable. His having recourse to such foreign and untrue matter

discovers in the most conspicuous and glaring characters his determined

resolution to ruin me, and at the same time the very and ...... ly he

bears the clearest and most convincing testimony of the rectitude of my

behaviour as an Officer. I beg leave to enclose a Copy of the Letter which

I sent to Captain Hunt when we were about two degrees and a half to

the Eastward of Cape Lagullas apprehending that the taking notice of it

became necessary by the nature and design of Captain Hunt's defence.

Always ready chearfully to obey all such Orders as the Honble. Board

shall think fit to give me in writing. I remain very respectfully

Your Honors most humble & Obedt.

Servant -

St. Helena (Signed)

13 Augt. 1772 John Stevenson

Captain William Hunt

Sir

In close confinement to my Cabin by your express and

repeated orders with a threatening of punishment annexed if ever you found

me out of it prevents my waiting upon you in Person. I beg leave to use

this method of remonstrating against your leaving my Name out of the

Ships new Quarterly bill, and in doing it I hope I shall not use any

To the commander's authority, by contrast, Stevenson was bound firmly and personally. He had freely and deliberately pledged himself to it at East India House. He would refuse the commander's orders at his own peril, so far as his engagement obliged him to obey.

Stevenson asked the Council to note particularly the matter of the gunpowder, which Captain Hunt had raised against him. That was the whole of the captain's answer to his complaint and the only charge he brought. On that charge alone Hunt now rested the justice and legality of the dismissal and confinement. Stevenson took this as a silent admission that his own account was true in every detail. It showed that Hunt knew the grounds on which he had actually dismissed and confined him could not be defended. By turning to an unrelated and untrue accusation, the captain plainly revealed his determination to ruin him. The same move also gave the clearest proof that Stevenson had behaved correctly as an officer.

Stevenson enclosed a copy of a letter he had sent Captain Hunt when the ship was about two and a half degrees east of Cape Agulhas. He thought the Council needed to see it because of the nature and purpose of the captain's defence. He was always ready to obey willingly any orders the Board chose to give him in writing. John Stevenson signed the letter at St Helena on 13 August 1772.

The enclosed letter to Captain William Hunt explained why Stevenson was writing rather than calling in person. The captain had expressly and repeatedly ordered him into close confinement in his cabin, and had threatened to punish him if he was ever found outside it. Stevenson therefore protested in writing against the captain's leaving his name out of the ship's new quarter bill. He hoped he would not use any expression that the captain could object to. The letter continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Stevenson drew a sharp line between two kinds of authority. The Company's articles, which he had signed at East India House in London, bound him personally to obey his commander's lawful orders. A dismissal, on the other hand, he accepted only as superior force, which might be just or unjust. That distinction let him obey Hunt in everything at sea while still disputing the captain's right to remove him.

Hunt's defence before the Council rested on a charge about gunpowder that appears nowhere in Stevenson's own account of the dismissal. Stevenson seized on the shift. If the captain could not defend the reasons he had given at the time, the bulkhead and the watch, and had to bring in a new accusation, that suggested the original grounds were weak.

The quarter bill was the list that assigned every man to his station at the guns and sails in action or emergency. Leaving Stevenson's name off it was the clearest possible sign that the captain no longer counted him among the ship's officers. That was why he protested in writing even from confinement.

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expression that may justly be deemed unbecoming in an Officer to

his Commander every circumstance of the case duly considered. -

Speaking some ago about what passed on the 12 of October

last I took occasion to say that I was pretty certain you would not have

released me from my then place of confinement even tho' you had

been driven to the utmost distress. What you have now done

sufficiently justifys that censure, and what could then be called but

opinion only is now raised into an absolute certainty. A power to

do such things you may have but right I will venture positively to

assert you have none nor so much as the least shadow of right. Can

you possibly imagine that Chief Officers are designed either by the

Honble. Company or the Owners to be treated as pieces of lore lumber

onboard or to be laid fore and aft like spare Topmasts whilst their

respective Commanders and any of the other Officers are standing

No surely in every case which concerns the Ship they are expected and

required to be aiding and assisting to act cruelly & ...... ly

dismissed broke and imprisoned by their respective Commanders. To

talk of the shifting of a Bulkhead in the great Cabin for the

conveniency of one of your Passengers or of my contradicting you before

the Committee at Calcutta will at once evince the most indisputable

evidence of your determined cruelty and my innocence. But be that

as it will, allow me to ask why will you suffer the difference

subsisting between us to prejudice our mutual Employers in a case

of necessity and when their property must be in extreme danger.

As you are intrusted with the Ship by the Owners, and with the

Cargo by the Honble. Company can you imagine that in case of

meeting with an Enemy it is not your indispensible duty not only

to defend that charge in your own person but also to see that every

other person onboard does the same in their several stations. -

Our Employers cannot be supposed to have had the

least hand in those Crimes urged by you against me, or in that

cruel treatment which I so justly complain of in you. Can we

then hesitate a moment in reining superior to our own differences

in mutually forgeting our own real or imaginary injuries when

our most solemn engagement call loudly upon us to unite in

defending the property of our blameless Masters. Let me entreat you

Sir to order my Name to be inserted where it ought to be that all

manner of altercation may be avoided on the day of Battle. For the

preservation of that order and subordination which onboard of every

Stevenson hoped he would use no expression that could fairly be thought improper in an officer writing to his commander, once every circumstance was weighed.

He reminded the captain of a conversation some time before about what had happened on 12 October 1771. He had said then that he was fairly sure Hunt would not have released him from his confinement even if the ship had been in the direst distress. The captain's latest action fully confirmed that judgement. What had then been only an opinion was now a certainty. The captain might have the power to do such things, but Stevenson declared firmly that he had no right to do them, not the slightest. He asked whether Hunt could really believe that the Company or the owners meant chief officers to be treated as lumber aboard ship, stowed away like spare topmasts while their commanders and the other officers stood to their posts. In every matter concerning the ship, chief officers were expected to support their commanders. They were not meant to be wantonly and shamefully dismissed, locked up and confined by them.

To speak of moving a bulkhead in the great cabin for a passenger's comfort, or of Stevenson having contradicted the captain before the committee at Calcutta, would at once give the clearest proof of the captain's set cruelty and of Stevenson's innocence. Whatever the rights of that, Stevenson asked why the captain would let their quarrel harm the employers they both served at a moment of real need, when their property might be in grave danger. The owners had entrusted the ship to Hunt and the Company had entrusted the cargo to him. If they met an enemy, it was his plain duty to defend that charge in person and to make sure that every other man aboard did the same at his station.

Their employers could not be thought to have had any part in the offences the captain alleged against Stevenson, or in the cruel treatment Stevenson complained of. He asked whether they could hesitate for a moment to set aside their own quarrel and forget their real or imagined grievances, when their most solemn obligations called on them to unite in defending the property of masters who had done nothing wrong. He begged the captain to have his name entered in its proper place, so that there would be no dispute on the day of battle. The letter continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Stevenson's appeal turned the captain's own duty against him. If the Rochford met an enemy on the way home, Hunt was bound to defend ship and cargo with every man aboard. Leaving the chief mate off the quarter bill meant going into action without one of the most experienced officers in his place. Stevenson asked for nothing for himself here. He asked only to be allowed to fight, setting the owners' and the Company's interest above the quarrel. A letter written on these terms would make any refusal by Hunt look like spite put ahead of duty. Its copy, now in the Council's minutes, would show the Court how far the chief mate had been willing to go to serve.

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Ship is absolutely necessary. I have hitherto submitted patiently to all your

cruel and illegal treatment and encouraged by the hopes of knowing and

that ere long you will be obliged to render an account of your conduct

I intend to continue submissive. But should we meet with an Enemy

which God forbid my Prison would soon cease to exist, and be assured

that when Guns roar and Bullets fly I shall not remain an idle

Spectator. I shall then insist on fighting in my Station subject

nevertheless to all your lawful commands so long as you continue to

defend the Ship whilst there remains any probability of saving her. -

I remain

Sir

Ship Rochford at Sea Your md. Hble. & Obed. Servant

July the 8 at 6 P.M. 1772 (Signed)

John Stevenson

To Mr. John Stevenson

Sir

I am directed by the Governor and Council to acquaint you that in

consequence of Captain Hunt's promise to the Board to restore you to your

former Station of Chief Mate onboard the Rochford on your waiting upon

him to receive his orders. And you requesting that you should have the

same in writing from them. They therefore being desirous that a further

inquiry of your Complaint should rest until your arrival in England I do

hereby signify to you that it is the Orders of the Board that you wait upon

Captain Hunt acquainting him with your intention of going onboard

the said Ship Rochford and to receive his Commands. -

I am

Sir

St. Helena Your humble Servant

17 Augt. 1772 (Signed)

B. Wright Secy.

Order and discipline were essential aboard every ship, Stevenson continued. He had so far borne all the captain's cruel and unlawful treatment patiently. He meant to keep submitting, encouraged by the hope that before long Hunt would have to answer for his conduct. If they met an enemy, which he prayed they would not, his imprisonment would quickly end. When the guns were firing he would not stand by idle. He would insist on fighting at his station, while obeying all the captain's lawful orders for as long as Hunt kept defending the ship and there was any chance of saving her. John Stevenson signed the letter aboard the Rochford at sea at six in the evening of 2 July 1772.

The Secretary's order to Stevenson, dated at St Helena on 17 August 1772, followed. The Governor and Council had instructed him to inform Stevenson of their decision. Captain Hunt had promised the Board to restore Stevenson to his former post as chief mate of the Rochford once Stevenson called on him to receive his orders. Stevenson had asked to have that instruction in writing. The Board wished any further inquiry into his complaint to wait until he reached England. The Secretary therefore informed him that the Board ordered him to call on Captain Hunt, tell him that he intended to go aboard the Rochford, and receive his commands. B. Wright signed the order as Secretary.

Interpretations

The Council's written order did not repeat the wording Stevenson had objected to. Under the settlement of 13 August he was to call on Hunt and ask for his orders, which he had refused to do because it sounded like begging a favour. The Secretary's letter told him instead to inform the captain that he intended to go aboard and to receive his commands. Stevenson would go as a matter of duty, on the Board's instruction, not as a supplicant. The change was small, but it gave Stevenson the footing he had asked for while keeping Hunt's condition that the chief mate report to him in person.

Stevenson's letter at sea also carried a pointed qualification. He would obey the captain's lawful orders so long as Hunt kept defending the ship while there was any hope of saving her. This reminded Hunt that a commander who struck his colours too soon would answer to his officers as well as to his employers. Stevenson cast himself as a check on the captain at the very moment he was offering to serve under him.

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17th August

The Executors to the last Will and Testament of Joshua

Worrall deceased this day presented the said Will desiring the same might

be proved which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses

thereto. The Will is as follows viz. -

In the Name of God Amen

The Fifteenth day of July one thousand seven hundred and

seventy two I Joshua Worrall of the Island St. Helena being very Sick and

Weak in Body but of perfect mind and memory thanks be given unto

God therefore calling unto mind the mortality of my Body and knowing

that it is appointed for all Men once to die do make and ordain this

my last Will and Testament, that is to say first and principally I

give and recommend my Soul into the hands of Almighty God that

gave it and my Body I recommend to the Earth to be decently

buried at the discretion of my Executors nothing doubting but at the

general Resurrection I shall receive the same again by the mighty

power of God, and as touching my worldly Estate wherewith it hath

pleased God to bless me with in this Life, I give demise and dispose

of the same in the manner and form following. -

First I give and bequeath unto my God Son Joseph

Hayes Son of William Hayes Junior Two Sheep. -

Item I give and bequeath unto my God Son Francis

Hayes Son of William Hayes Senior Two Sheep.

Item I give and bequeath unto my God Daughter

Mary Seale Daughter of John Seale the remaining part of my Estate

&c. of what kind or sort whatsoever that I was possessed of during

my Life. -

And lastly I do hereby authorize constitute and

appoint Mr. Britannicus Alexander Wright and Mr. James

Desfountain to be my whole and sole Executors of this my last Will

The executors of the late Joshua Merrall presented his will on 17 August 1772 and asked for it to be proved. The Board proved it on the oaths of the witnesses. The will follows.

Joshua Merrall of St Helena made his will on 15 July 1772. He was very ill in body but of sound mind and memory. Mindful that everyone must die, he commended his soul to God. He asked his executors to give his body a decent burial at their discretion, in the sure hope of rising again at the general resurrection. He then disposed of his worldly goods.

He left two sheep each to his godsons Joseph Hayes and Francis Hayes, sons of William Hayes senior. He left all the rest of his estate, of whatever kind, to his goddaughter Mary Seale, daughter of John Seale. He named Britannicus Alexander Wright and James Desfontaine as his sole executors. The will continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Merrall made his will six days before he died, and he had no wife or children to provide for. His estate passed entirely outside his own family, to godchildren in two planting households. The gift of two sheep to each godson shows how a small planter thought of property, with livestock standing in for money as a token gift. His goddaughter Mary Seale took the residue. Her father, John Seale, had lost a daughter, Margaret, on 8 April 1772. The bequest tied another small estate into the Seale family, which had already received land and stock under the wills of William Seale junior and Mary Seale. Both executors were Company servants: Wright was now Secretary to the Council, and Desfontaine a writer. Planters with no family on the island often turned to the Company's clerks to manage their affairs after death.

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and Testament hereby utterly disallowing revoking and disannulling all

and every other former Will or Wills by me heretofore made ratifying and

confirming this and no other to be my last Will and Testament. -

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and

Seal the day and year abovewritten.

(Signed)

Joshua Worrall

Signed Sealed and declared

by the said Joshua Worrall as his

last Will and Testament (where

no Stamp is to be had) In the

presence of Us

(Signed)

William Jenkins

John Terry

Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's

Cash for the Month of July last which is as follows viz. -

Joshua Merrall cancelled all his earlier wills and declared this one his last. He signed and sealed it on 15 July 1772. William Jenkins and John Terry witnessed it. They noted that it was made without stamped paper, because none could be had on the island.

The Board then counted and checked the Company's cash for July 1772. The account of that cash follows below.

Interpretations

John Terry, a sergeant of the Fourth Company, had also witnessed Mary Seale's will in March 1772. William Jenkins was probably the former matross and baker who had settled on the island as a planter after his discharge. A small number of literate men in Jamestown were called on again and again to witness wills. Each time, the clerk noted that no stamped paper was available. The repeated note protected island wills from challenge in English courts, which required stamped paper for legal documents.

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Cash Dr.

1772 July the 1st To Balance Remaining

£ 9540 . 11 . 4

7 To Fines received of Lieut. Gosling for default in Non

appearance at the Sessions

1

15 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the Honorable

the Court of Directors payable to Capt. Geo. Burghall

170

To Ship Lord North

2 . 17 . 6

18 To Exchange for Seven Sets of Bills of Exchange drawn upon

the Honorable the Court of Directors payable as follow

One Set to Capt. Digby Dent for£ 39 . 2

One Do. to John Caillaud Esqr.

150

One Do. to Capt. Alex. Jamison

800

One Do. to Miss Mary Bazett

40

One Do. to Capt. Alex. Jamison

408 . 14

One Do. to Charles Floyer Esqr.

500

One Do. to Capt. Varham Nairn

300

2237 . 16 . 2

19 To Ship Lord Holland

31 . 8 . 4

27 To Exchange for two Sets of Bills drawn upon the

Honorable the Court of Directors payable as follow

One Set to Mr. Nicholas Pearce for£ 25

One Do. to Mr. Ninian Ballantine

400

425

29 To Ship Ankerwyke

7 . 10 . 4

30 To Ship Earl of Sandwich

5 . 17

£ 12428 . 18 . 8

The Company's cash account for July 1772 began with the money held at the start of the month and the money paid in.

1 July 1772, balance in hand, £9,540 11s 4d

Fine received from Lieutenant Gosling for failing to appear at the sessions, £1 0s 0d

15 July 1772, received in exchange for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain George Burghall or his order, £120 0s 0d

The Lord North paid in £2 17s 6d.

18 July 1772, received in exchange for seven sets of bills drawn on the Court of Directors:

One set payable to Captain Digby Dent, £39 0s 2d

One set payable to John Caillaud, £150 0s 0d

One set payable to Captain Alexander Jameson, £800 0s 0d

One set payable to Miss Mary Bazett, £40 0s 0d

One set payable to Captain Alexander Jameson, £408 14s 0d

One set payable to Charles Floyer, £500 0s 0d

One set payable to Captain Nathan Nason, £300 0s 0d

Total of bills, £2,237 14s 2d

On 19 July 1772 the Lord Holland paid in £31 8s 4d.

27 July 1772, received in exchange for two sets of bills drawn on the Court of Directors:

One set payable to Nicholas Deare, £25 0s 0d

One set payable to Ninian Ballantine, £400 0s 0d

Total of bills, £425 0s 0d

On 29 July 1772 the Ankerwyke paid in £7 10s 4d. On 30 July 1772 the Earl of Sandwich paid in £5 17s 0d.

Total, £12,428 18s 8d

Interpretations

Lieutenant Robert Gosling was fined £1 for failing to appear at the sessions, the island's court of justice. Company officers served on its juries alongside the planters, and absence was punished like any civilian's default. The fine was paid into the Company's treasury, since the government and the court on St Helena were one and the same.

Bills of exchange brought in more than £2,600 in July, almost all of it from officers settling debts with the commanders of the homeward ships. The ships themselves paid in only a few pounds each. Even in the quiet southern winter the private trade of the Indiamen, turned into bills on London, kept refilling the treasury after the June pay day.

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1772

Per Contra Cr.

1772 July 31 By Balance Remaining viz.

In Specie£ 11882 . 3 . 8

In Cash Notes

539 . 15

12421 . 18 . 8

£ 12421 . 18 . 8

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The other side of the account showed the balance in hand at the end of July 1772 and the form in which it was held.

31 July 1772, balance in hand:

In coin, £11,882 3s 8d

In cash notes, £539 15s 0d

Balance, total, £12,421 18s 8d

Total, £12,421 18s 8d

John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the account.

The total on this side, £12,421 18s 8d, differs from the £12,428 18s 8d given on the receipts side.

Interpretations

Within a month of the June pay day, coin in the treasury had climbed back to almost £11,900, close to the peak of May 1772. Nothing was paid out in July. Bills of exchange bought by the island's officers to settle debts with departing captains brought in more than £2,600, enough on their own to replace almost half of what the quarter's pay had taken. The island's silver followed the shipping season. It drained away on each quarter day and flowed back as the Indiamen's private trade was turned into bills on London.

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22d August

At a Consultation held on Saturday the 22 day of August 1772 at the

Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 17th day of

August 1772. -

The Storekeeper being Sick and not able to attend his

business the Assistant Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account

of Stores short received from Ship Rochford. -

Account of Stores short received from Ship Rochford

C. qr. lb 3 . 3 . 17 Rice

2 . 3 . 15 Paddy

21 Candles

short weight occasioned by wastage

2 Leagers Arrack viz.

No. 1 Gages Galls. 146 wants to fill Galls. 12

2 Do. 137 Do. 8

283 20

20

Gallons 263 Received

No. 3

4

2 Leagers Arrack short delivered

2 Pipes Wine viz.

1 Pipe Madeira Gages Galls. 110 wants to fill Galls. 6

6

Recd. 104 Galls.

1 Pipe Vidonia Gages Galls. 115 wants to fill Galls. 5

5

Recd. 110 Galls.

St. Helena (Signed)

22 August 1772 Jona. Doveton

Assist. Storekeeper

The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 22 August 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 17 August 1772.

The storekeeper was still ill and unable to attend to his work. The assistant storekeeper therefore delivered an account of stores found short on delivery from the Rochford.

Rice, short weight from wastage, 3 cwt 3 qr 17 lb

Paddy, short weight from wastage, 2 cwt 3 qr 15 lb

Candles, short weight from wastage, 21 lb

Arrack, leaguer number 1, 146 gallons, short of full by 12 gallons

Arrack, leaguer number 2, 137 gallons, short of full by 8 gallons

Arrack, total, 283 gallons, short of full by 20 gallons

Arrack received, 263 gallons

Arrack, leaguers numbers 3 and 4, 2, short delivered

Madeira wine, 1 pipe, 110 gallons, short of full by 6 gallons

Madeira received, 104 gallons

Vidonia wine, 1 pipe, 115 gallons, short of full by 5 gallons

Vidonia received, 110 gallons

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as assistant storekeeper at St Helena on 22 August 1772.

Interpretations

Two of the four leaguers of arrack on the Rochford's invoice never came ashore at all, close to 300 gallons of spirit. The storekeeper entered them as "short delivered", not as lost through wastage. That placed the responsibility on the ship. Under the charter party, her commander had to deliver what had been loaded at Calcutta or answer for it. The invoice had charged the Company for four leaguers, worth more than 777 rupees together. Captain Hunt would have to account to the Court for the missing two, on top of the complaint his chief mate had laid against him.

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1772

On the 19th and 20th instant We received the two following

Letters from Mr. John Stevenson. -

To the Honble. John Scottow Esqr. President in

Council &c. Council

Honble. Sir & Sirs

Though much averse to troubling of the Honble. Board any

farther in an affair so evidently disagreable yet self preservation that first and

powerful principal calls requires and commands me once more humbly to

crave your attention. After repeatedly remonstrating in the strongest terms

against my asking of Captain Hunt for his orders by way of favour concession

or condition antecedent to his restoring me to my Office. I flattered myself

that you would only require me to go to Captain Hunt and say I am

ordered by the Honble. Board to wait on you to receive your Commands

onboard. This with submission to the Honble. Board and simply this totally

abstracted from and unconnected with all manner of application to Capt. Hunt

by you or my behalf by way of request or any promise made by him to you

in consequence of or founded upon any sort of condition to be performed by

me is the whole of my engagement. In the present case I applyed to your

Honours as Judges not as mediators and viewed your authority as deriving

as derived from our Honble. Masters not from the Partys at variance.

Far be it from me however to refuse yielding obedience to the Honble.

Board either where duty requires or safety permits me much less to fall

short of the utmost limits of my engagement. But your Order transmitted

to me by the Secretary bears "That in consequence of Capt. Hunt's promise

to the Board to restore you to your former Station of Chief Mate

onboard the Rochford on your waiting upon him to receive his orders. And

I do hereby signify to you that it is the orders of the Board that you wait

upon Captain Hunt acquainting him with your intention of going on

board the said Ship Rochford and to receive his commands." Your Honors

have been already acquainted with what Captain Hunt said before the

Committee at Calcutta with regard to a former dismission and

imprisonment namely "That I would not act under his command". You

have likewise an account of that which I told him before many witnesses

but a few minutes after my last dismission namely "That considering

him as appointed over me by our mutual Employers I should continue

On 19 and 20 August 1772 the Council received two letters from John Stevenson. The first was addressed to the Governor and Council.

Stevenson wrote that he was reluctant to trouble the Board any further over so plainly unpleasant an affair. Self-preservation, however, compelled him to ask for their attention once more. He had repeatedly protested, in the strongest terms, against asking Captain Hunt for his orders as a favour, or as a condition of being restored to his post. He had hoped that the Board would require him only to go to the captain and say that the Board had ordered him to call on him and receive his commands aboard. That would be done in obedience to the Board alone. It would have nothing to do with any request the Board had made to Hunt on his behalf, or with any promise Hunt had given the Board that depended on a condition Stevenson must fulfil.

In this case he had come to the Board as judges, not as go-betweens. He respected their authority because it came from the Company they all served, not from the two parties in dispute. He had no wish to refuse obedience to the Board whenever duty required it and his safety allowed. Still less did he mean to fall short of anything his engagement obliged him to do. But the Secretary's order stated that, in view of Captain Hunt's promise to restore him as chief mate once he called on him for orders, the Board ordered him to call on the captain, tell him he intended to go aboard and receive his commands.

The Board already knew what Captain Hunt had said before the committee at Calcutta about the earlier dismissal and confinement: that Stevenson would not act under his command. The Board also had his account of what had passed between them a few minutes after the second dismissal. He had told the captain then that, since Hunt had been placed over him by the employers they both served, he would go on obeying him willingly. His letter continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Stevenson found the Council's order still tied to the settlement he had rejected. Its opening words grounded his return on Captain Hunt's promise. That made his restoration depend on Hunt's goodwill and on Stevenson's own visit, which could be read as accepting the captain's terms. He wanted to call on Hunt only because the Board ordered it, with no reference to any bargain. His point that he had come to the Council as judges and not as go-betweens sharpened the objection. A judge decided a case on its merits, while a go-between arranged a compromise. The Council had chosen to be a go-between on 13 August, and Stevenson was pressing it to act as a court instead.

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22d August

chearfully to obey him". By the first I humbly presume the declaration

required by your Honors must clearly appear to be dangerous, and by the

last rendered altogether unnecessary. I humbly beg leave to remonstrate

against every thing done in this affair by the Honble. Board subsequent

to the hearing of Captain Hunt's defence. And disavow all manner of

compromise with Captain Hunt in the present case and remonstrate

in the most positive tho' respectful manner against any word and

by your Honors either in writing or otherwise that may carry the

most distant Idea of any thing like a compromise on my side.

True indeed it is that your Honors told me Captain Hunt had

promised that if I would wait on him and ask him for his Orders

he would reinstate me in my Office. But I hope the Honble. Board

do well remember that I positively refused to enter into any such

agreement with him and at the same time gave my reasons for

such refusal, that I could put no faith in any Man capable of

acting the part which Captain Hunt had repeatedly done to me

without the least provocation. Your Honors were then pleased to

order me and in consequence of that order and of that only I at

that time engaged, and shall now soon after the delivery of this

fully perform. But with submission to the Honble. Board I cannot

conceive of any Orders being imposed upon me by you subsequent

to my application otherwise than as a decision or a sentence

and which in the present case Your Honors have repeatedly

declared to be given without particularly enquiring into the merits

of the matter in question that you are pleased to leave to our Honble.

Masters. But the not filling a certain number of Cartridges at

Ingelee relative to our sailing from thence is the only charge which

Captain Hunt pretends to bring against me. And the being

obliged if we had met with an Enemy off the Cape, to have

given up the Ship without fighting is the dreadful consequence

which he says might have arisen from that omission. He says

that he ordered me to fill a certain number but cannot bring any

sort of proof in support of his allegation therefore it falls to the ground

of course and I must stand clearly acquitted of all manner of charge.

But should it clearly appear upon further enquiry that the Ship

did arrive within a few Leagues of this place before there was a

single Cartridge filled, and that such omission was owing to Capt.

Hunt's orders or at least to what was tantamount to a positive one.

how will he exculpate himself consistent with that charge which

he has so unjustly brought against me. I beg leave also to observe

Stevenson argued that his two earlier statements settled the matter. Hunt's claim before the committee at Calcutta showed that the declaration the Board now required of him would be dangerous. His own promise, given just after the second dismissal, to go on obeying the captain willingly made it unnecessary. He therefore protested against everything the Board had done in the affair after hearing Captain Hunt's defence. He disowned any compromise with the captain. He objected firmly, though respectfully, to any word from the Board, in writing or otherwise, that could suggest he had agreed to any compromise.

The Board had indeed told him that Captain Hunt promised to restore him if he would call on the captain and ask for orders. Stevenson hoped the Board remembered that he had flatly refused to make any such agreement and had given his reasons at the time. He could place no trust in a man who had treated him as Hunt had done, again and again, without the slightest provocation. The Board had then ordered him to go, and he had agreed to do so on the strength of that order alone. He would carry it out fully as soon as this letter was delivered. But he could regard any order the Board gave him after his complaint only as a decision or sentence. The Board itself had said more than once that it was acting without examining the merits of the case, which it left to the Court of Directors.

The only charge Captain Hunt brought against him was that he had failed to fill a certain number of cartridges at Ingellee, at the mouth of the river, when the ship sailed from there. The captain claimed that, had they met an enemy off the Cape, the omission might have forced him to surrender the ship without a fight. Hunt said he had ordered Stevenson to fill a set number of cartridges, but could offer no proof of it. The charge therefore failed, and Stevenson must be cleared of every accusation. Further inquiry might show that the ship came within a few leagues of St Helena before a single cartridge was filled, and that this was due to Captain Hunt's own orders, or something close to an order. In that case Stevenson asked how the captain could clear himself while making such an unjust charge against his mate. The letter continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

The gunpowder charge now became clear. Cartridges were the cloth or paper bags of powder, measured out in advance so that the guns could be loaded quickly in action. A ship that sailed with none filled could not fight until the gunners made them up, which took hours. Hunt accused Stevenson of failing to fill them at Ingellee, the anchorage at the mouth of the Hooghly where Indiamen completed their lading. Stevenson turned the charge round. If no cartridges were filled until the ship neared St Helena, the fault lay with the captain who commanded the ship for the whole passage, not with a mate confined to his cabin from 12 April. The charge Hunt used to justify the dismissal would then show his own neglect of the ship's defence. That was the very danger Stevenson had warned him of in his letter of 2 July 1772.

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1772

that he never offered to deny one tittle of my Complaint, he knew it could

be clearly proved against him by three Gentlemen then upon the spot, and

who all live in the same house with him if you had thought necessary to

have called them. For these reasons I humbly request that your Honors

would be pleased to order this with the other proceedings that they may go

to England together. -

I Remain with the greatest respect

Your Honors most Hble. and most Obed. Servt. -

St. Helena (Signed)

19 Augt. 1772 John Stevenson

To the Honble. John Scottow Esqr. President and

Governor &c. Council -

Honble. Sir & Sirs

I think it my duty to acquaint you that agreable to

the Orders I received from the Honble. Board, I waited on Captain Hunt this

Morning and declared as follows. Captain Hunt I now acquaint you that I

am ordered by the Honble. Board to wait upon you to receive your

commands onboard. I received no satisfactory answer nor any thing like

orders, so that I now consider myself as being exactly in the same

situation as when I first landed upon the Island. -

I Remain with great respect -

Your Honors most Hble. & Obed. Servant

St. Helena (Signed)

20 Augt. 1772 John Stevenson

Upon the Receipt of the above Letter, We this

Day met and sent for Captain Hunt to know his reasons for not complying

with the promise he made to the Board on the 13 instant. He urged that he

thought Mr. Stevenson did not apply for his Commands in a proper

manner

Stevenson added that Captain Hunt had never attempted to deny a single point of his complaint. The captain knew it could be fully proved against him by the three gentlemen then on the island, all of whom lodged in the same house as Hunt, if the Board had chosen to call them. For these reasons Stevenson asked the Council to send this letter to England with the other papers in the case, so that they would all be read together. John Stevenson signed the letter at St Helena on 19 August 1772.

His second letter, dated at St Helena on 20 August 1772, reported that he had obeyed the Board's order. That morning he called on Captain Hunt and told him that the Board had ordered him to wait on the captain and receive his commands aboard. He received no satisfactory answer and nothing resembling an order. He therefore considered himself in exactly the same position as when he first landed on the island.

On receiving these letters the Council met and sent for Captain Hunt to explain why he had not kept the promise he made to the Board on 13 August 1772. Hunt said that he did not think Stevenson had applied for his commands in a proper manner. The minute continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

The Council's compromise broke down at the first test. Stevenson called on Hunt in the exact form the Secretary's order set out, telling him only that the Board had sent him to receive his commands. Hunt gave him no orders and later told the Council that the request had not been made properly. The wording Stevenson had insisted on, to avoid seeming to beg a favour, gave the captain his excuse. Hunt had promised to restore him if he asked for orders, and he could claim that a man who merely announced the Board's instruction had not asked. Each side held to the letter of the settlement, and the result left the Rochford still without her chief mate.

Stevenson's remark about the three witnesses explained why he had wanted a hearing. Paxton, Cumming and Robinson, who saw the exchanges in the roundhouse, were lodging in the same house as Hunt in Jamestown. The evidence was within reach, and the Council had chosen not to take it.

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22d August

manner, however was ready to comply with his promise, and would

directly send him an Order in writing to resume his Station as Chief

Mate of the Ship Rochford. The Order is as follows viz. -

To Mr. John Stevenson

According to my promise to the Governor and Council of

St. Helena, I hereby Order Mr. John Stevenson to act onboard the Rochford

as Chief Mate. -

St. Helena (Signed)

22 August 1772 W. Hunt

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that he

has been on board the Ships Rochford and Clive to Muster their

Companys and enquire for Deserters but found none their Muster

Rolls are as follow viz. -

Muster Roll of Ship Rochford

Willm. Hunt Commander

Jno. Stevenson Chief Mate

Jas. Hunloch 2 Do.

David Blair 3 Do.

Chs. Gaskins 4 Do.

Jas. Newland 5 Do.

Andw. Cummings Surgeon

Wm. Delamont Purser

Jas. Coates Boatswain

Jno. Smith Gunner

Jas. Gates Carpenter

Philip Sibbald Ships Stewd.

Geo. Atkinson Mid. & Cox.

Isaac Mann Mid.

Jas. Stevenson Do.

Saml. Bosford Midship.

Geo. Bartlet Do.

Robt. Siddle Do.

G. Mather Boats. 1 Mate

John Carlton Do. 2 Do.

Chs. Dengarny Do. Seaman

Jas. Beard Quart. Mast.

Wm. Musgrave Do.

Jno. McCloud Do.

Thos. Gilroy Do.

Jno. Little Do.

Jno. Thomas Do.

Thos. Blair Gunr. Mate

Geo. Jones Carp. 1 Do.

Jno. Allen Do. 2 Do.

Jas. Pilchely Surg. Mate

Wm. Hollingsworth Caulker

Thos. Hosier Sailmaker

Andw. Holmes Ships Cook

Matt. Watson Butcher

Jno. Hood Cooper

Jas. Jones Smith & Mate

Richd. Parsons Armourer

Michl. Powell Poulterer

Wm. Morris Ships Cooks Mate

Robt. Bryson Capt. Stewd.

Jas. Barry Do. Cook

Danl. Proctor Seaman

Robt. Hayes

P. Isbel Stevenson

Captain Hunt told the Council that he was nevertheless ready to keep his promise and would at once send Stevenson a written order to resume his post as chief mate of the Rochford. The order read as follows. In keeping with his promise to the Governor and Council of St Helena, Captain Hunt ordered Mr John Stevenson to act as chief mate aboard the Rochford. W. Hunt signed the order at St Helena on 22 August 1772.

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Rochford and the Clive to muster their crews and search for deserters, and had found none. The muster roll of the Rochford began as follows.

William Hunt, commander

John Stevenson, chief mate

James Kinloch, second mate

David Blair, third mate

Charles Gaskins, fourth mate

James Newland, fifth mate

Andrew Cavenagh, surgeon

William Delamont, purser

James Coates, boatswain

James Smith, gunner

James Gates, carpenter

Philip Sebbt, ship's steward

George Atkinson, midshipman and coxswain

Isaac Mann, midshipman

James Stevenson, midshipman

Samuel Bedford, midshipman

George Bartlett, midshipman

Robert Siddle, midshipman

G. Mather, boatswain's first mate

John Cowton, boatswain's second mate

Charles [...], seaman

James Beard, quartermaster

William Musgrave, quartermaster

James McCloud, quartermaster

Thomas Gilroy, quartermaster

James Little, quartermaster

John Thomas, quartermaster

Thomas Blair, gunner's mate

George Jones, carpenter's first mate

John Allen, carpenter's second mate

James Pitchley, surgeon's mate

William Hollingsworth, caulker

Thomas Hosom, sailmaker

Andrew Holmes, ship's cook

Matthew Watson, butcher

James Hood, cooper

James Jones, [...] mate

Richard Parsons, armourer

Michael Powell, poulterer

William Morris, ship's cook's mate

Peter Dryson, captain's steward

James Barry, captain's cook

Bernard Pinder, seaman

Robert Hayes, seaman

P. [...] Stevenson, seaman

The roll continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

When the Council called Hunt to account, he gave way. His written order was brief and grudging. It did not withdraw the dismissal or admit any fault. It restored Stevenson only "in keeping with his promise to the Governor and Council", so the captain acted on the Board's insistence rather than his own judgement. That suited both men. Hunt avoided any admission of wrong, and Stevenson got the written instruction he had held out for, issued at the Council's instance rather than in answer to a plea. The muster roll, taken in the same days, entered Stevenson again as chief mate. After 110 days in close confinement and three weeks of dispute on the island, he sailed for England in his old post. The question of who had been right was left for the Court in London to decide.

101

97

1772

Coll Little John Seaman

Jas. McCarrest

Thos. Holden

Wm. Starr

Robt. Jones

John Argyle

John Ashford

Matthew Jennings

John Halford

Nicholas Stout

William Hick

John Taylor

Edw. Williams

Ang. Stanger

Pat. Erlane

Thos. Rando

Jo. Williams

John Webster

Pat. Lyons

Wm. Harris Seaman

Pat. Curran

Jno. Stearman

Thos. Milden

Wm. Merritt

John Crume

Richd. Green

Thos. Welch

Jas. Morgan

Jno. Mason

Robt. Owen

Robt. Anderson

Jno. Mearny

Nich. Lock

Clerk Whitacre

Pat. Hunder

Jery. Walburn

Dago Saunders

Fras. Rolugo Seaman

Chs. Englesom

Christ. Nelson

Jery. Johnson

John Babbleston

Saml. Antony

Wm. Sobb

Thos. Read

Saml. Ludlow

Jas. Hught

William Dunn

Jas. Burbee

Thos. Carr

Thos. McCawelly

Pat. Visto

Frans. Blanck

Danl. Revest

Jo. Aickson

Pierce Prozma

Passengers

Mr. William Paxton

Capt. Ramsey

Mr. Thos. Jefferson

Mr. McCorritt

(Signed)

W. Hunt

Muster Roll of Ship Clive

John Allen Commander

John Stevens Chief Mate

Allen Cooper 2 Do.

John Whiteway 3 Do.

Thos. Lloyd 4 Do.

Thos. Nelson Surgeon

Henry Ausster Purser

Danl. Peirce Boatswain

Abel Morris Carpenter

Thos. Rolland Gunner

Jas. Burner Midshipman

Robt. Manly Do.

Thos. Bell Do.

Robt. Athenkead Do.

Wm. Wilson Gunners Mate

David Pemberton Carpt. Do.

Ralph Sheppard Do. 2 Do.

Wm. Jones Caulker

Richd. Murphy Do. Mate

Thos. Bousfit Cooper

Jas. Knight Do. Mate

The muster roll of the Rochford concluded as follows.

Little John, seaman

James McCarrest, seaman

Thomas Holden, seaman

William Starr, seaman

Robert Jones, seaman

John Argyle, seaman

John Ashford, seaman

Matthew Jennings, seaman

John Halford, seaman

Nicholas Stout, seaman

William Kirk, seaman

John Taylor, seaman

Edward Williams, seaman

Augustine Sanger, seaman

Peter Colosse, seaman

Thomas Rando, seaman

James Williams, seaman

John Webster, seaman

Peter Lyons, seaman

William Harris, seaman

Peter Curran, seaman

James Seaman, seaman

Thomas Milden, seaman

William Merrett, seaman

John Bunn, seaman

Richard Green, seaman

Thomas Welch, seaman

James Morgan, seaman

James Brown, seaman

Robert Owen, seaman

Robert Anderson, seaman

James Mooney, seaman

Nicholas Lock, seaman

Clark Wallace, seaman

Peter Harder, seaman

Jeremiah Wallburn, seaman

Diego Saunders, seaman

Francisco Rodrigo, seaman

Charles Englesom, seaman

Christian Nelson, seaman

Jeremiah Johnson, seaman

John Babbleston, seaman

Samuel Antony, seaman

William Sobb, seaman

Thomas Reed, seaman

Samuel Ludlow, seaman

James Hugget, seaman

William Dann, seaman

James Buckee, seaman

Thomas Carr, seaman

Thomas McAnally, seaman

Peter Vosti, seaman

Francis Blanch, seaman

Daniel Revert, seaman

James Aitkinson, seaman

Pierre Prozeman, seaman

Passengers:

Mr William Paxton

Captain Ramsey

Mr Thomas Jefferson

Mr McConnell

W. Hunt signed the roll as commander. The muster roll of the Clive began as follows.

John Allen, commander

John Stevens, chief mate

Allen Coffin, second mate

John Whitney, third mate

Thomas Lloyd, fourth mate

Thomas Nelson, surgeon

Henry Annesley, purser

Daniel Price, boatswain

Alexander Morris, carpenter

Thomas Holland, gunner

James Garner, midshipman

Robert Manley, midshipman

Thomas Bell, midshipman

Robert Aberford, midshipman

William Wilson, gunner's mate

David Pemberton, carpenter's first mate

Ralph Sheppard, carpenter's second mate

William Jones, caulker

Richard Murphy, caulker's mate

Thomas Bousfield, cooper

James Knight, cooper's mate

The roll continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

The Rochford's passenger list names two of the men in Stevenson's account. Mr William Paxton was the passenger to whom Hunt meant to give the side cabin, and he witnessed both of the confrontations in the roundhouse. Captain Ramsey was the passenger Stevenson had suggested should sleep in that cabin. The bulkhead dispute Hunt used as his first reason for the dismissal turned on where these two men would sleep. Mr Cumming and Mr Robinson, the other witnesses Stevenson named, do not appear among the passengers. They were probably officers of the ship, or residents of the island who lodged with the captain while the Rochford lay in the road.

102

98

22d August

Thos. Leonard Capt. Cook

Clarke Johnson Ships Do.

Andw. Walker Butcher

Robt. Tuckel Capt. Stewd.

Wm. Burwell 2 Mates Do.

Wm. Gill Boats. Do.

Henry Cooper Gunrs. Do.

John Crisp Carpt. Do.

John Hall Surgeons Do.

Ralph Anderson Sailmaker

Robt. Rust Quart. Mast.

Saml. Hall Do.

Danl. Campbell Do.

Geo. Peters Do.

Danl. Swan Do.

John Barnes Do.

John Robinson Do.

Danl. Hillson Do.

Wm. Goodwill Do.

Wm. Daniels Seaman

Robt. Brummington

Thos. Barne

Jos. Taylor

John Briggs

Ebell Peter

Humphry Ryans

Jas. Forrest Seaman

Richd. Moffat

Wm. Hawkins

John Whitworth

Richd. Spittle

John Morgan

Jonathan Stubbins

Richd. Mockitt

Wm. Monroe

Wm. Burwell

Pat. Westhorp

Herman Point

Chs. Huggat

Saml. Richardson

Wm. Holmes

John Thompson

John Young

John Watson

Thos. Crawford

Wm. Walter

Wm. Lindsey

Wm. Allen

Jas. Muckeloy

Thos. Burton

Wm. Young

Thos. Stone

Jno. Nipper Seaman

Thos. Fisher

Fras. Lindsey

Jas. Brison

Jas. Wilson

John Cleary

Thos. Davies

Jos. Bowling

Thos. Steel

Andw. Long

John Thomson

Robt. Matthews

Thos. Robinson

Robt. Tisdell

Henry Nelson

Wm. Leigh

Wm. Meggs

Jas. Burdon

John Ward

Saml. Gray

Fredk. Stephens

William Jones

William Bell

Pat. Lamb

John Thomas

John Rice

Passengers

Mr. Wilkens

Major Watson

Major Jones

Mrs. Morgan

Mr. Lyon

2 Children

1 Black Maid

4 Do. Servants

(Signed)

John Allen

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The muster roll of the Clive concluded as follows.

Thomas Leonard, captain's cook

Clarke Johnson, ship's cook

Andrew Walker, butcher

Peter Teschet, captain's servant

William Brunwell, second mate's servant

William Gill, boatswain's servant

Henry Cooper, gunner's servant

John Crosby, carpenter's servant

John Hill, surgeon's servant

Ralph Sanderson, sailmaker

Robert Rust, quartermaster

Samuel Hall, quartermaster

Daniel Campbell, quartermaster

George Pilcher, quartermaster

Daniel Swan, quartermaster

John Barnes, quartermaster

John Robinson, quartermaster

Daniel Gibson, quartermaster

William Goodwill, quartermaster

William Daniels, seaman

Robert Brimington, seaman

Thomas Barry, seaman

Joseph Taylor, seaman

John Briggs, seaman

Robert Peter, seaman

Humphrey Ryan, seaman

James Forrest, seaman

Richard Moffat, seaman

William Hawkins, seaman

John Whitworth, seaman

Richard Spittle, seaman

John Morgan, seaman

Jonathan Stebbens, seaman

Richard Mackett, seaman

William Monroe, seaman

William Brunwell, seaman

Patrick Winthrop, seaman

Herman Pest, seaman

Charles Hugget, seaman

Samuel Richardson, seaman

William Kilmore, seaman

John Thompson, seaman

John Young, seaman

John Watson, seaman

Thomas Crawford, seaman

William Walton, seaman

William Lindsey, seaman

William Allen, seaman

James Muckelroy, seaman

Thomas Burton, seaman

William Young, seaman

Thomas Stone, seaman

James Nipper, seaman

Thomas Fisher, seaman

Francis Lindsey, seaman

James Bruce, seaman

James Wilson, seaman

John Cleary, seaman

Thomas Davies, seaman

James Brooking, seaman

Thomas Steel, seaman

Andrew Long, seaman

John Thomson, seaman

Robert Matthews, seaman

Thomas Robinson, seaman

Robert Tisdell, seaman

Henry Nelson, seaman

William Leigh, seaman

William Higgs, seaman

James Burdon, seaman

John Ward, seaman

Samuel Gray, seaman

Frederick Stephens, seaman

William Jones, seaman

William Bell, seaman

Peter Lamb, seaman

John Thomas, seaman

John Rose, seaman

Passengers:

Mr Wilkins

Major Watson

Major Sears

Mr Hargrave

Mr Lyon

Children, 2

Black maid, 1

Black servants, 4

John Allen signed the roll as commander. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes of the meeting.

Interpretations

The Clive carried two army majors home from Bengal, with a family that included two children, a black maid and four black servants. The servants were probably Indian or African, taken aboard in Calcutta to look after the family on the passage. Several such servants appear on the season's rolls, and many were left in England with no way of returning home.

103

99

24th August

At a Consultation held on Monday the 24th day of August 1772 at

the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 22 August

1772

This Day Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Rochford for England. -

Ordered the following Advertisement to be published

Island St. Helena 24 August 1772

This is to give Notice to all Persons upon the said

Island that they are hereby required to send into the Secretary's Office on or before

the 20 September next ensuing an exact signed account of their Familys, Lands

and Cattle and to attend at the Castle on Wednesday the 30th of the same

Month to pay their Rents and Revenues due to the Honorable Company for

the Year past. -

Notice is hereby farther given that the Honorable

Company's Stores will be shut from the 5 September to the 5 October next.

Per Order of Council

(Signed)

B. Wright Secy.

Bought on Account of the Honorable Company of

Capt. John Allen lb 52 . 2 . 23 Wheat @ 7/6 p Cwt. p Bill. -

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 24 August 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 22 August 1772. The Company's ship Rochford sailed for England that day.

The Council ordered a public notice to be issued, dated 24 August 1772. Everyone on the island was to send the Secretary's office, by 20 September 1772, a signed and accurate account of their families, land and cattle. They were then to come to the Castle on Wednesday 30 September 1772 to pay the rents and dues owed to the Company for the past year. The notice also announced that the Company's stores would be closed from 3 September to 3 October 1772. B. Wright signed the notice as Secretary on the Council's orders.

The Council bought [...] rice on the Company's account from Captain John Allen, at [...] a hundredweight, and paid for it by bill.

Interpretations

The notice combined three pieces of yearly business. Each household's signed return of family, land and cattle was the island's census. It told the Council how many people it governed, how much land was held and what stock the planters could supply for slaughter. The returns were collected ten days before rent day, so the Secretary's office could check every planter's dues against what he declared. On 30 September everyone came to the Castle to pay. The rents on Company leases were among the government's few sources of revenue that did not depend on the ships.

Closing the stores for a month allowed the storekeeper to take a full count of everything in the warehouses after the homeward season had emptied and refilled them. That count fed the annual inventory sent to the Court. The timing was deliberate. No Company ships were expected until the next season's arrivals, so the island could manage without its shop for a few weeks. With James Pavell still ill, the stocktaking would fall to his assistant, Jonathan Doveton.

104

100

24th August

The Honble. United East India Company Dr.

To 370 Bags of Wheat Cost at Bengal with Charges

£ 177 . 2½

Deduct for 5 Bags not delivered

2 . 7 . 3

174 . 12 . 11¼

Deduct for short weight C. qr. 13 . 3 @ 7/4

£ 4 . 16 . 6

C. qr. lb 473 . 1 . 25

£ 169 . 16 . 5¼

21 Augt. 1772 (Signed)

John Allen

Mr. George Sampson late fourth Mate of the

Ship British King dying Intestate We appointed Mr. John Thrasader

(at whose House he died) and Lieut. Robt. Gosling to dispose of his Effects

They accordingly this day brought in the following Account Sales and

Account Current the Balance thereof being £ 332 . 15 . 2 We received

into the Company's Cash and ordered the same to be wrote off to

Account Current London. -

Account of the Sale of Mr. George Sampson's Effects Deceased Sold

by Auction at St. Helena April the 14 1772. -

1 Blue Cloth Coat, 2 Waistcoats

15

1 Do. Gold Laced 1 Do.

1

1 Black Silk Coat and Waistcoat

10

1 Scarlet Coat 2 Pr. Blue Sattin Breeches

18

1 Pr. Blue 2 Pr. Black Do. Do.

1

4 Pr. Gingham & Nankeen Do.

14

4 Pr. Long Drawers & a Bag

7 . 6

1 Quilted Sattin Banian & Waistcoat

2 . 9

1 Do.

2 . 13

44 White Shirts

12 . 14

9 White Stocks, 1 Neck Cloth

10 . 6

2 White Silk Waistcoats

11 . 6

7 Do. Linen Do.

2

Carried Over

£ 26 . 10 . 6

The account for the wheat bought from Captain John Allen was as follows.

The Company, debtor

Wheat, 370 bags, cost at Bengal with charges, £177 0s 2½d

Deducted for 5 bags not delivered, £2 7s 3d

Balance, £174 12s 11¼d

Deducted for short weight, 13 cwt 3 qr [...], £4 16s 6d

Wheat received, 473 cwt 1 qr 25 lb, £169 16s 5¼d

John Allen signed the account on 21 August 1772.

George Sampson, formerly fourth mate of the British King, had died on the island without a will. The Council appointed Mr John Thrasher, in whose house he died, and Lieutenant Robert Gosling to dispose of his effects. They brought in the account of the sale and the account current that day. The balance of £332 15s 2d was paid into the Company's treasury, and the Council ordered it to be written off to the London account. The sale of Sampson's effects, held by auction at St Helena on 14 April 1772, began as follows.

Blue cloth coat and 2 waistcoats, £0 15s 0d

Gold-laced coat and 1 waistcoat, £1 0s 0d

Black silk coat and waistcoat, £0 10s 0d

Scarlet coat and 2 pairs of blue satin breeches, £0 18s 0d

Breeches, 1 pair blue and 2 pairs black, £1 0s 0d

Gingham and nankeen breeches, 4 pairs, £0 14s 0d

Long drawers, 4 pairs, and a bag, £0 7s 6d

Quilted satin banyan and waistcoat, £2 9s 0d

Quilted satin banyan, 1, £2 13s 0d

White shirts, 44, £12 14s 0d

White stocks, 9, and 1 neckcloth, £0 10s 6d

White silk waistcoats, 2, £0 11s 6d

Linen waistcoats, 7, £2 0s 0d

Carried forward, £26 10s 6d

Interpretations

The Council handled Sampson's estate in the same way as James Hogg's. Two men took charge of his goods, sold them at auction and paid the balance into the treasury. It was then carried to the London account, so that his family would be paid in England through the Company's books. The British King had sailed in March and left him behind to die on the island. The man in whose house he died was a natural choice to help settle the estate. A balance of more than £330 was large for a fourth mate. Much of it probably came from goods he carried for private trade, as officers of East Indiamen were allowed to do.

His wardrobe points the same way. Forty-four white shirts were far more than one man needed and were probably carried for sale. A banyan was a long, loose silk gown worn at home, borrowed from India and fashionable in England. Nankeen was a hard-wearing yellowish cotton from Nanking in China. Gingham was a striped or checked cotton from India. These were the goods of an officer in the China trade.

105

101

1772

Brought Over

£ 26 . 10 . 6

3 Pr. White Dimity Breeches

9 . 6

1 Nankeen Waistcoat 9 Pr. Do. Breeches

3 . 11

3 Pr. Silk, 18 Pr. Thread Stockings

3 . 4 . 6

4 Pr. Sheets, 14 Pillow Cases, 2 Palampores

3 . 10

9 New, 10 Old Romall Handkerchiefs

3 . 3

1 Feather Bed, 1 Blanket 1 Quilt, 1 Pillow

2 . 12

10 Straw & 1 Ivory Straw Hats

7

1 Pr. Blue Sattin

3 . 11

2 Pr. Black Sattin Breeches

15 . 6

1 Remnant Black Dimity Sattin

2

1 Gold Laced Hat, 3 Pr. Shoes, 2 Pr. Slippers

2 . 6

1 Pr. Shoe Buckles, 1 Stock Buckle & 1 Seal

10 . 6

1 Pr. New 1 Pr. Old Gilt Shoe Buckles & 1 Pr. Knee Do.

1 . 1 . 6

1 New Gilt Broach, a parcel of Books & 1 Quadrant

2

1 Cane wt. a Gilt head & 14 Canes

3 . 2 . 6

1 Box with Sundry Shells &c.

3 . 6

1 Quadrill Box & Counters

10

1 Lacquered Tea Board 7 Silk Table Matts

1 . 13

2 Pr. Long, 1 Pr. Short Candlesticks & Snuffers

4 . 17

2 Trunks

1 . 7 . 6

1 Large Chest

2 . 10 . 6

2 Liquor Cases, 1 Ivory Fan

3 . 4

30 Nankeen Fans

4 . 3 . 6

140 Pr. Nankeen

19 . 11

176 Cattys Tea

66 . 16 . 2

1 Two, 1 Four Cattys Boxes Tea

4 . 13 . 6

34 Large, 31 Small China Bowls

6 . 14

1 Box of China Flowers

10 . 6

12 Sets China 43 Ps. in ea. Red & White

7 . 6 . 6

3 Do. Do. Blue & White

3 . 9 . 6

2 Short Sets Do. Do.

1 . 10

2000 Cups and Saucers

20

£ 210 . 17 . 2

(Signed)

Robt. Gosling

Jno. Alexander

The sale of George Sampson's effects concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £26 10s 6d

White dimity breeches, 3 pairs, £0 9s 6d

Nankeen waistcoat and 9 pairs of breeches, £3 11s 0d

Silk stockings, 3 pairs, and thread stockings, 18 pairs, £3 4s 6d

Sheets, 6 pairs, pillowcases, 14, and palampores, 2, £3 10s 0d

Handkerchiefs, 9 new and 10 old, £3 3s 0d

Feather bed, blanket, quilt and pillow, £2 12s 0d

Straw hats, 10, and ivory straw hat, 1, £0 7s 0d

Blue satin breeches, 1 pair, £3 11s 0d

Black satin breeches, 2 pairs, £0 15s 6d

Remnant of black [...] satin, 1, £2 0s 0d

Gold-laced hat, 3 pairs of shoes and 2 pairs of slippers, £2 0s 6d

Shoe buckles, 1 pair, stock buckle and seal, £0 10s 6d

Gilt shoe buckles, 1 pair new and 1 pair old, and 1 pair of knee buckles, £1 1s 6d

New gilt brooch, a parcel of books and a quadrant, £2 0s 0d

Cane with a gold head and 15 canes, £3 2s 6d

Box of shells and other items, £0 3s 6d

Quadrille box and counters, £0 10s 0d

Lacquered tea tray and 7 silk table mats, £1 13s 0d

Candlesticks, 2 pairs long and 1 pair short, with snuffers, £4 17s 0d

Trunks, 2, £1 7s 6d

Large chest, 1, £2 10s 6d

Liquor cases, 2, and ivory fan, 1, £3 4s 0d

Nankeen fans, 80, £4 3s 6d

Nankeen cloth, 140 pieces, £19 11s 0d

Tea, 176 catties, £66 16s 2d

Tea, 1 tin and 1 four-catty box, £4 13s 6d

China bowls, 34 large and 31 small, £6 14s 0d

China flowers, 1 box, £0 10s 6d

China sets of 43 pieces each, red and white, 13, £7 6s 6d

China sets of 43 pieces each, blue and white, 3, £3 9s 6d

China sets, short, 2, £1 10s 0d

Cups and saucers, 2,000, £20 0s 0d

Total, £210 17s 2d

Robert Gosling and John Alexander signed the account.

Interpretations

Most of Sampson's estate was trade goods, not personal belongings. A fourth mate of an East Indiaman was allowed a small share of the ship's tonnage for his own private trade. Sampson had used his share in the usual way for an officer in the China trade. He bought tea, nankeen cloth, fans and porcelain at Canton to sell in England. The tea alone fetched almost £67 at auction, and the 140 pieces of nankeen, 2,000 cups and saucers and 18 sets of china brought nearly as much again. His death ashore turned his venture into an estate sale on St Helena. The planters and officers bidding at the auction got China goods outside the Company's stores, and his heirs received only what an island market would pay.

Palampores were painted or printed cotton bed covers from India, often with a flowering-tree design. A quadrille box held the counters for quadrille, a fashionable card game for four players. The quadrant was Sampson's instrument for taking the sun's altitude to find the ship's latitude, an officer's essential tool.

106

102

24th August

The Estate of Mr. George Sampson Dr.

To Funeral Expences

12 . 15 . 6

To Cash paid Mr. John Alexander for Diet and Lodging

7

To Do. pd. Lieut. Gosling for hiring help to fetch up

his Effects from the Water side

2 . 7 . 4

To Do. pd. Mr. John Alexander for Do.

1 . 17 . 3

To Do. pd. the Auctioneer for collecting the Sum of

£ 210 . 17 . 2 @ 2½ p Cent

5 . 13 . 4

To Do. pd. Mr. Powell for 7 Days Lodging

2 . 2

To Do. pd. Robt. Leech for a Hat

10

To Do. pd. the Hatter for Lacing Do.

2 . 3

To Do. pd. John Whitchurch for 2 Pr. Stockings

12

To Do. pd. Richd. Godfrey his attendance when Sick

10

To Do. pd. for Duty on 16 Gall. Arrack

4

To Do. pd. Mr. Jonathan Doveton for 2 Bottles Wine

5

To Do. pd. Mr. John Alexander for 8 Do. Do.

1 . 8

To Do. pd. Lieut. Gosling the Balance of their Accounts

2 . 7 . 7

To Do. pd. John Terry for working at the Auction

1 . 10

To Do. pd. Messrs. Alexander and Gosling for their

Attendance at the Auction

3

To Do. pd. for Washing his Linen

1 . 5

To the Balance paid into the Honorable Company's

Cash being his Clear Estate

332 . 15 . 2

£ 376 . 14 . 5

The account of the estate of George Sampson listed the charges against it as follows.

Estate of George Sampson, debtor

Funeral expenses, £12 15s 6d

Paid to John Alexander for board and lodging, £7 0s 0d

Paid to Lieutenant Gosling for hiring help to carry his effects up from the waterside, £2 7s 4d

Paid to John Alexander for the same, £1 17s 3d

Paid to the auctioneer for collecting £210 17s 2d, at [...] per cent, £5 13s 4d

Paid to Mr Powell for 7 days' lodging, £2 2s 0d

Paid to Robert Leech for a hat, £0 10s 0d

Paid to the hatter for lacing the same, £0 2s 3d

Paid to John Whitchurch for 2 pairs of stockings, £0 12s 0d

Paid to Richard Godfrey for attending him when sick, £0 10s 0d

Paid for [...], £0 4s 0d

Paid to Jonathan Doveton for 2 bottles of wine, £0 5s 0d

Paid to John Alexander for wine, £1 8s 0d

Paid to Lieutenant Gosling, the balance of his account, £2 7s 7d

Paid to John Terry for writing at the auction, £1 10s 0d

Paid to Messrs Alexander and Gosling for attending the auction, £3 0s 0d

Paid for washing his linen, £1 5s 0d

Balance paid into the Company's treasury, being his clear estate, £332 15s 2d

Total, £376 15s 5d

The account was dated at St Helena on 24 August 1772, subject to any errors, and continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

The charges show how Sampson spent his last weeks and how his estate was wound up. He lodged first with Mr Powell and then with John Alexander, who fed and housed him and was also one of the two men who administered his goods. Richard Godfrey nursed him in his illness. Island residents supplied what a sick man needed, a hat, stockings and wine, and each was paid from the estate afterwards. The funeral was the largest single charge at almost £13. Altogether the costs of illness, death and sale took about £44, around one-ninth of the estate.

The administrators were paid for their trouble. Alexander and Gosling received £3 for attending the auction. The auctioneer took a commission, and John Terry, the sergeant who witnessed several island wills, was paid for keeping the sale book. Settling a dead stranger's affairs was a small source of income for the island's residents. The Council's role was to see that the account was rendered and the balance paid into the treasury, so that Sampson's family in England would receive it through the Company's books.

107

103

1772

Per Contra Cr.

By Sundrys Sold at Auction

210 . 17 . 2

By Cash found at his Decease

131 . 12 . 3

By Do. Received of Capt. Henry Bazett for 60 Gall. Arrack

10 . 6

By Do. Do. of Mr. John Goodwin for 10 Pr. Nankeen

and 2 Pr. Sattin Breeches

4 . 5

By Do. Do. of Mr. James Desfountain for 1 Set of

China Ware

3 . 3

By Do. Do. of Lieut. Gosling for Plates Sold

6 . 10

By Do. Do. of Do. for Nankeens Sold

10 . 1

£ 376 . 14 . 5

St. Helena

1772

Excepted

Robt. Gosling

Jno. Alexander

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The other side of the account showed what the estate received.

Estate of George Sampson, creditor

Goods sold at auction, £210 17s 2d

Cash found at his death, £131 12s 3d

Received from Captain Henry Bazett for 60 gallons of arrack, £10 6s 0d

Received from John Goodwin for 10 pairs of nankeen and 2 pairs of satin breeches, £4 5s 0d

Received from James Desfontaine for 1 set of china, £3 3s 0d

Received from Lieutenant Gosling for plates sold, £6 10s 0d

Received from Lieutenant Gosling for nankeens sold, £10 1s 0d

Total, £376 14s 5d

Robert Gosling and John Alexander signed the account at St Helena, subject to any errors. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also signed it.

The total on this side, £376 14s 5d, differs from the £376 15s 5d given on the other side.

Interpretations

Sampson had more than £130 in cash when he died, probably the proceeds of private trade he had already sold during the British King's stay. Not everything went to the public auction. Several officers bought goods privately: Captain Henry Bazett took 60 gallons of arrack, John Goodwin nankeen and breeches, and James Desfontaine a set of china. Lieutenant Gosling, one of the two administrators, also sold plates and nankeens outside the sale. Private sales to the island's officers may have fetched better prices than an open auction. They also meant that the men who settled the estate, and their colleagues on the Company's list, had first choice of the dead man's China goods. The Council's signature on the account approved the arrangement without comment.

108

104

31st August

At a Consultation held on Monday the 31 day of August 1772 at

the Castle.

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 24th

August 1772

Tuesday the 25 Arrived the Deptford's Boat at Banks's at Nine o'Clock

in the Morning

Do. Do. Do. the Honorable Company's Ship Deptford from

Madrass (last from the Cape)

Saturday the 29 Died Mr. James Powell Storekeeper

The Deptford brought Us the following Supply's

Invoice of Ship Deptford

Long Cloth Superfine 1 Bale of

No. 1 C.

2 1

2 @ Pag. 220 p Co.

440

Washing @ P. 2 . 16 . 16 p Co.

5 . 32 . 32

Packing

2 . 9

Boathire

13 . 16

Freight

2 . 10

10 . 40

450 . 40

Long Cloth Superfine 1 Bale of

No. 2 1 Co. 10 @ P. 132 p Co.

190

Washing @ Pag. 2 . 7 . 16 p Co.

3 . 10 . 64

Packing

2 . 9

Boathire

13 . 16

Freight

2 . 10

2 . 15

206 . 15

Muckings 5 Co. @ P. 19 p Co.

95

301 . 15

Carried Over Pagodas

751 . 15 . 48

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 31 August 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 24 August 1772.

The minutes recorded the following events. At nine on the morning of Tuesday 25 August 1772 the boat of the Deptford came ashore at Banks's. The Company's ship Deptford arrived the same day from Madras, last from the Cape. James Pavell, the storekeeper, died on Saturday 29 August 1772.

The Deptford brought supplies for the island, listed in her invoice.

Superfine long cloth, bale number 1, 2 corge, at 220 pagodas a corge, 440 pagodas

Washing, at 2 pagodas 16 fanams a corge, 4 pagodas 32 fanams 32 cash

Packing, 2 pagodas 9 fanams

Boat hire, 13 fanams 16 cash

Freight, 2 pagodas 18 fanams

Charges on bale number 1, total, 10 pagodas [...] 48 cash

Bale number 1, total, 450 pagodas [...] 48 cash

Superfine long cloth, bale number 2, 1 corge [...] pieces, at 132 pagodas a corge, 190 pagodas

Washing, at 2 pagodas 7 fanams 16 cash a corge, 3 pagodas 10 fanams 64 cash

Packing, 2 pagodas 9 fanams

Boat hire, 13 fanams 16 cash

Freight, 2 pagodas 10 fanams

Charges on long cloth in bale number 2, total, [...] pagodas 15 fanams

Long cloth in bale number 2 with charges, 206 pagodas 15 fanams

Moorees, 5 corge, at 19 pagodas a corge, 95 pagodas

Bale number 2, total, 301 pagodas 15 fanams

Carried forward, 751 pagodas 15 fanams 48 cash

Interpretations

James Pavell died less than eight weeks after he protested at being passed over for a seat on the Council. His letter of 6 July 1772 said that years of close attention to his office had ruined his health, and from the middle of July he was too ill to attend. Jonathan Doveton signed the store accounts in his place. He had served the Company for 31 years and was storekeeper for 16. The Court's choice of Bazett, the junior man, was the last decision of his career. His complaint went home in the Council's minutes, but it would reach London after his death.

The Madras long cloth came washed and bleached before packing, as the charge for washing by the corge, or score of pieces, shows. Finer grades fetched up to 220 pagodas a corge, and they would be cut up for shirts and household linen on the island. Moorees were a plain, fine Coromandel cotton, cheaper than long cloth and used for shirts and linings.

109

105

1772

Brought Over Pags.

751 . 15 . 48

Long Cloth Superfine 1 Bale of

No. 3 2 Co. @ Ps. 118 28 . 64 p Co.

237 . 21 . 40

Washing @ P. 2 . 7 . 16 p Do.

4 . 14 . 32

Packing

2 . 9

Boathire

13 . 6

Freight

2 . 10

9 . 10 . 40

247 . 4 . 16

Long Cloth Fine 1 Bale of

2 Co. @ P. 69 . 10 . 64 p Co.

138 . 21 . 48

Washing @ 1 . 25 . 70

3 . 15 . 60

Packing

2 . 9

Boathire

13 . 6

Freight

2 . 10

8 . 19 . 76

147 . 5 . 44

Long Cloth Middling 2 Bales of

2 Co. 10 Ps. @ P. 52 . 20 . 64 p Co.

132

Washing @ P. 1 . 17 . 30 p Co.

3 . 25 . 35

Packing 2 . 9 p Bale

4 . 18

Boathire 13 . 6 p Do.

26 . 32

Freight 2 . 10 p Do.

5

13 . 33 . 67

145 . 33 . 67

Rice 30 Bags Gross Wt. C. qr. lb 36 . 1 . 14 or 2954

Tare @ 4 lb being Double Bags 120

Nt. lb 2834

Mercals 128½ @ P. 20 . 18 p Garce

25 . 16

Paddy 25 Bags Gross Wt. C. qr. lb 25 . 3 . 16 or 2872

Tare 2 lb 50

Nt. lb 2822

Mercals 200 @ 110 P. p Garce

20

Batavia Arrack 2 Leag.

Galls. 156½ ea. Leag. @ Pag. 50 p Leag.

100

Charges Merchandize

Gunney Bags for Rice and Paddy 65 @ 6 p %

3 . 32 . 32

Tin Plates and Nails

8

Twine

4

Cooley hire on Rice and Paddy

10

Do. on Arrack

6

Weighing Cooley

2 . 60

Boat and Cooleyhire on 1 Boat

1 . 5

Tarpaulin hire on 2 Do.

8

6 . 4 . 19

Pagodas 1443 . 27 . 43

E. Excepted

(Signed) Geo. Moubray Acct.

The invoice of the Deptford concluded as follows.

Brought forward, 751 pagodas 15 fanams 48 cash

Superfine long cloth, bale number 3, 2 corge, at 118 pagodas 28 fanams 64 cash a corge, 237 pagodas 21 fanams 40 cash

Washing, at 2 pagodas 7 fanams 16 cash a corge, 4 pagodas 14 fanams 32 cash

Packing, 2 pagodas 9 fanams

Boat hire, 13 fanams 6 cash

Freight, 2 pagodas 10 fanams

Charges on bale number 3, total, 9 pagodas 10 fanams 40 cash

Bale number 3, total, 247 pagodas 4 fanams 16 cash

Fine long cloth, 1 bale, 2 corge, at 67 pagodas 10 fanams 64 cash a corge, [...] pagodas 21 fanams 40 cash

Washing, at 1 pagoda 25 fanams 70 cash a corge, 3 pagodas 15 fanams 60 cash

Packing, 2 pagodas 9 fanams

Boat hire, 13 fanams 6 cash

Freight, 2 pagodas 10 fanams

Charges on the fine long cloth, total, [...] pagodas 19 fanams 76 cash

Fine long cloth, total, 147 pagodas 5 fanams 44 cash

Muslin, 2 bales, 2 corge 10 pieces, at 52 pagodas 30 fanams 64 cash a corge, 132 pagodas

Washing, at 1 pagoda 17 fanams 30 cash a corge, 3 pagodas 25 fanams 35 cash

Packing, at 2 pagodas 9 fanams a bale, 4 pagodas 18 fanams

Boat hire, at 13 fanams 16 cash a bale, 26 fanams 32 cash

Freight, at 2 pagodas 10 fanams a bale, 5 pagodas

Charges on the muslin, total, 13 pagodas 33 fanams 67 cash

Muslin, total, 145 pagodas 33 fanams 67 cash

Rice, 30 bags, gross 26 cwt 1 qr 14 lb, tare at 2 lb a bag for double bags, net 2,894 lb, being [...] marcals at 20 pagodas 18 fanams a garce, 25 pagodas [...] 16 cash

Paddy, 25 bags, gross 25 cwt 1 qr 16 lb, tare at 2 lb a bag, net 2,794 lb, being 200 marcals at 10 pagodas a garce, 20 pagodas

Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, [...] gallons, at 50 pagodas a leaguer, 100 pagodas

Charges on the rice, paddy and arrack:

Gunny bags for the rice and paddy, 65, 3 pagodas 32 fanams 32 cash

Tin plates and nails, 2 fanams

Twine, 4 fanams

Hire of porters for the rice and paddy, 10 fanams

Hire of porters for the arrack, 6 fanams

Weighing porters, 2 fanams 60 cash

Hire of boat and porters, 1 boat, 1 pagoda 5 fanams

Hire of tarpaulins for 2 boats, 8 fanams

Charges, total, 6 pagodas 4 fanams 19 cash

Total, 1,442 pagodas 27 fanams 43 cash

George Moubray signed the invoice as accountant, subject to any errors.

Interpretations

Most of the Deptford's invoice, about 1,290 pagodas, went on cloth, and only about 150 pagodas on rice, paddy and arrack. Madras was the Company's main source of fine cotton cloth, and the island's orders reflected that. Superfine long cloth cost from 118 to 220 pagodas a corge, fine long cloth 67 and muslin 52. Muslin was a very fine, light cotton woven on the Coromandel coast and in Bengal, used for neckcloths, women's dresses and caps. The washing charge on each grade shows that the cloth was bleached at Madras before shipping, ready to be sold and made up on the island.

110

106

31st August

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that he has been

onboard the Ship Deptford to Muster her Company and enquire for Deserters

but found none her Muster Roll is as follows. -

Muster Roll of Ship Deptford

Wm. Tryon Commander

Saml. Burges Chief Mate

Jas. Cotton 2 Do.

Arthur Maxwell 3 Do.

John Cottell 4 Do.

Chs. Burgeon 5 Do.

Jas. Walters 6 Do.

Saml. Clarke Surgeon

Chs. Auston Purser

Joseph Condon Mid. & Coxn.

Christ. Savage Midship.

Chs. Sealy Do.

Fred. Zincke Do.

Jno. Hough Do.

Robt. Ballantine Boatn.

Robt. Crafts Gunner

Jno. Merrick Carpenter

Edw. Hill Capt. Stewd.

Jas. Rich Quart. Master

Richd. Judges Do.

Geo. Bruce Do.

Danl. Quick Do.

John Colman Do.

Lindsay Walker Do.

John Smith Do.

Alex. Rogers Surg. Mate

Jno. Thorpe Capt. Cook

Jno. Bannister Ships Do.

Jno. Cook Sailmaker

Jas. Jones Caulker

Wm. Ravald Boats. Mate

Danl. Norton Gunrs. Mate

Jas. Sykes Carp. 1 Do.

Jas. Watson Do. 2 Do.

Jas. Wilson Caulkers Do.

Saml. August Capt. Servt.

Robt. Lofthouse Do.

W. Rutledge Seaman

Benj. Rennolles

Jno. Allison

Wm. Howard

Jas. Smith

Edw. Mason

Jno. Broughton

Thos. Selby

Matt. Powell

Robt. Jeffreys

Jno. Rendrique

Wm. Simmons

Robt. Bassett

Wm. Townsend

Jno. Hall

Thos. Pasley

Geo. Brooker

Chs. Sparks

C. Wilkins

Jno. Collins

Jno. Jobb

Thos. Simmons

Jno. Colyn

Jas. Brown

Claus Rozenbrook

Wm. Harrison Seaman

Jno. Granby

Jas. Mather

Ignacio Zanta

Jo. James

Matt. Coleman

Abra. Reygalts

Thos. Mason

Robt. Moore

Wm. Bray

Wm. Anderson

Chs. Hodges

Jno. Lee

Jas. Asker

Robt. Cowling

Benj. Mead

Wm. Osborne

Richd. Madge

Jno. Beatty

Jno. Sycamore

Jno. Reed

Robt. Mitchell

Wm. Bryant

Jno. Sullivan

Danl. Lyons

Thos. Mosely

Thos. Brownsmouth

Geo. Hall

Wm. Henry

Matt. Stewart

Jas. Lazing

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Deptford to muster her crew and search for deserters, and had found none. Her muster roll began as follows.

William Tryon, commander

Samuel Burges, chief mate

James Cotton, second mate

Arthur Maxwell, third mate

John Collett, fourth mate

Charles Buggin, fifth mate

James Walters, sixth mate

Samuel Clarke, surgeon

Charles Snelson, purser

Joseph Condon, midshipman and coxswain

Christopher Savage, midshipman

Charles Sealy, midshipman

Fred Zincke, midshipman

James Hough, midshipman

Robert Ballantine, boatswain

Robert Crafts, gunner

James Morrish, carpenter

Edward Hill, captain's steward

James Beck, quartermaster

Richard Judges, quartermaster

George Bruce, quartermaster

David Quick, quartermaster

John Coleman, quartermaster

Lindsay Walker, quartermaster

John Smith, quartermaster

Alexander Rogers, surgeon's mate

James Sharp, captain's cook

James Bannister, ship's cook

John Cook, sailmaker

James Jones, caulker

William Russell, boatswain's mate

David Norton, gunner's mate

James Sykes, carpenter's first mate

James Watson, carpenter's second mate

James Wicker, caulker's mate

Samuel Sargent, captain's servant

Robert Lyttleton, captain's servant

R. Rutledge, seaman

Benjamin Vennables, seaman

James Allison, seaman

William Howard, seaman

James Smith, seaman

Edward Mason, seaman

James Broughton, seaman

Thomas Gatley, seaman

Matthew Powell, seaman

John Jeffreys, seaman

James Rodrigue, seaman

William Simmons, seaman

Robert Arnott, seaman

William Townsend, seaman

James Hall, seaman

Thomas Paley, seaman

George Beecher, seaman

Charles Spicks, seaman

C. Wilkins, seaman

James Collins, seaman

James Tebb, seaman

Thomas Lamore, seaman

James Cotter, seaman

James Brown, seaman

Claus Rozenbeck, seaman

William Harrison, seaman

James Granby, seaman

James Mathews, seaman

Ignacio Zanter, seaman

James James, seaman

Matthew Coleman, seaman

Alexander Ryggalls, seaman

Thomas Mason, seaman

Robert Moore, seaman

William Bray, seaman

William Anderson, seaman

Charles Hedges, seaman

Francis Lee, seaman

James Fisher, seaman

Robert Cowling, seaman

Benjamin Mead, seaman

William Osborne, seaman

Richard Madge, seaman

James Booth, seaman

James Sycamore, seaman

Joseph Reed, seaman

Robert Mitchell, seaman

William Bryant, seaman

James Sullivan, seaman

David Lyons, seaman

Thomas Mosely, seaman

Thomas Brownsmouth, seaman

George Hall, seaman

William Henry, seaman

Matthew Stuart, seaman

James Lapiny, seaman

The roll continues on the next leaf.

111

107

1772

Chs. Townsend Seaman

Wm. Pitman

Thos. Uppington

Gerret Rock Seaman

Jacob Jonson Valk

Chs. Fortune

Edw. Steel Seaman

Jno. Bridgeman

Augustus Wyst

Passengers

Mrs. Butler and 2 Children

Mr. Strachan and 1 Servant

Mrs. Marder

2 Children of Mr. Monck & 2 Servants

2 Do. of Mr. Steel & 4 Do.

2 Do. of Mr. Maitland

1 Child of Mr. Coutts

(Signed)

Wm. Tryon

Upon the Death of Mr. James Powell Storekeeper Mr.

Jonathan Doveton who has been for many Years Assistant Storekeeper, and

perfectly well qualified to Conduct that Business We have appointed him to

Succeed as Storekeeper. And also appointed Mr. George Bazett Writer who has

been long in that Department and conversant in the Business thereof

Assistant Storekeeper. -

The Storekeeper this day delivered the following

Account of Stores short received from Ships Clive and Deptford. -

Account of Stores short received from the following Ships -

Clive

C. qr. lb 3 . 1 . 13 Rice

2 . 2 . 4 Paddy

3 . 14 Candles

Short weight occasioned by wastage

2 Leagers Arrack Short Delivered

The muster roll of the Deptford concluded as follows.

Charles Townsend, seaman

William Pitman, seaman

Thomas Uppington, seaman

Garret Ash, seaman

Jacob Jensen Vath, seaman

Charles Fortune, seaman

Edward Steel, seaman

John Bridgeman, seaman

Augustus Wyfe, seaman

Passengers:

Mrs Butler and 2 children

Mr Strachan and 1 servant

Mr Marder

Children of Mr March, 2, with 2 servants

Children of Mr Steel, 2, with 1 servant

Children of Mr Maitland, 2

Child of Mr Coutts, 1

William Tryon signed the roll as commander.

James Pavell, the storekeeper, had died. The Council appointed Jonathan Doveton to succeed him as storekeeper. Doveton had served for many years as assistant storekeeper and was fully qualified to run the office. The Council also appointed George Bazett, a writer, as assistant storekeeper, since he had worked in that department for a long time and knew its business well.

The storekeeper delivered an account that day of stores found short on delivery from the Clive and the Deptford. The shortfall from the Clive began as follows.

Rice, short weight from wastage, 5 cwt 1 qr 15 lb

Paddy, short weight from wastage, 2 cwt 2 qr 4 lb

Candles, short weight from wastage, 3 [...] 14 lb

Arrack, 2 leaguers, short delivered

The account continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

The Council filled Pavell's place by seniority, the very rule he had appealed to without success. Doveton had run the warehouse throughout Pavell's illness, signing the season's store accounts and reports of shortages, so his promotion simply confirmed what he was already doing. Doveton's move in turn opened the assistant's post, and it went to George Bazett. The Bazett family now held the accountant's office and a seat on the Council through Matthew, the superintendence of the works through Thomas, and a share of the stores through George.

The Deptford carried seven children of Company servants in Madras home to England, most of them without their parents. The families of officers in India sent their children home young to be educated and to escape the diseases that killed many European children in the East. They often sailed in the care of a servant or a family friend. Such children went months without their parents and sometimes did not see them again for years.

The Clive, like the Rochford before her, delivered two leaguers of arrack fewer than her invoice listed. Two Bengal ships had now landed half their arrack in the same season. That pattern pointed to a failure at Calcutta in loading the casks, more likely than to two separate losses at sea.

112

108

31st August

2 Pipes Wine viz.

1 Pipe Madeira Gages Galls. 112 wants to fill Galls. 5

5

Received 107 Galls.

1 Pipe Vidonia Gages Galls. 119 wants to fill Galls. 6

6

Received 113 Galls.

Deptford

C. qr. lb 3 . 10 Rice

1 . 32 Paddy

Short weight occasioned by wastage

1 Ps. Long Cloth No. 1 Damaged

1 Leager Arrack short delivered

1 Do. Do. Gages Galls. 132 wants to fill Galls. 8

8

Received 124 Galls.

(Signed)

Jona. Doveton

Storekeeper

Appointed Mr. Matthew Purling to inspect and

take the Remains of the Honorable Company's Stores for the present

Year as usual. -

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The account of stores found short from the Clive concluded with her wine.

Madeira wine, 1 pipe, 112 gallons, short of full by 5 gallons

Madeira received, 107 gallons

Vidonia wine, 1 pipe, 119 gallons, short of full by 6 gallons

Vidonia received, 113 gallons

The shortfall from the Deptford was as follows.

Rice, short weight from wastage, 0 cwt 3 qr 10 lb

Paddy, short weight from wastage, 1 cwt 0 qr 32 lb

Long cloth, number 7, 1 piece, damaged

Arrack, 1 leaguer, short delivered

Arrack, 1 leaguer, 132 gallons, short of full by 8 gallons

Arrack received, 124 gallons

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper.

The Council appointed Matthew Purling to inspect and take account of the remaining stock in the Company's stores for the present year, as usual. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minute.

Interpretations

The Deptford was the third ship that season to land fewer leaguers of arrack than her invoice listed, after the Rochford and the Clive. She came from Madras, not Bengal, so the fault could not lie with a single loading port. The missing casks pointed instead to something on the voyage, most likely the crews drawing on the Company's spirits at sea. The storekeeper's entry of "short delivered" placed each loss on the ship's commander, who would have to answer for it under his charter party.

Purling's appointment to take stock tied in with the closing of the stores from 3 September to 3 October 1772. A member of Council checked the remaining stock against the storekeeper's books every year before the annual accounts went home. This year the check mattered more than usual. The storekeeper had died, and his successor had just taken over a warehouse that had changed hands during his predecessor's long illness. An independent count protected Doveton as much as the Company, since it fixed exactly what he had received.

113

109

7th September

At a Consultation held on Monday the 7th day of September 1772 at the

Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 31 August 1772

Wednesday the 2 Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Deptford for England. -

The Widows and Executors to the last Wills and Testaments

of Messrs. James Powell and John Prichard deceased. And the Executors to the

last Will and Testament of Mrs. Ruth Colgrave deceased this day produced

the said Wills, desiring the same might be proved which was accordingly

done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto. The Wills are as follow. -

In the Name of God Amen

I James Powell of the Island of St. Helena Gentleman

being weak in Body but of perfect mind and memory, do make and publish

this my last Will and Testament in manner and form following (that is to say)

First I give unto my beloved Wife Elizabeth Powell the House I now dwell

in Situate in James's Valley and adjoining to Mr. James Greentree's to be

and remain hers during her natural Life and after her decease the sd. House

to be disposed of as shall be herein after directed. I also give unto her my sd.

Wife a Woman Slave Named Sophia, and a female Child named Maria;

also a Woman Slave named Patt, and a Boy named Dick; also a Woman

Slave named Phillis and a young female Child named Lucinda. Also a

Man Slave named Damas, a Man Slave named Will, a Man Slave

named Frank, a Man Slave named James, a Man Slave named Tim[...]

a Man Slave named Tony and a Man Slave named August for ever. I

also give unto her my sd. Wife a Man Slave named Watson to be her's during her

natural Life, and at her decease to be and to become the Property of my Daughter

Margaret Powell. I also give unto my Wife the sd. Elizabeth Powell a Woman

Slave named Sarah for ever. I also give unto my Wife the sd. Elizabeth one

compleat Bed and the Furniture thereto belonging meaning that she shall

have the first choice out of all my Beds; also a Chest with Drawers and

Clothes press lately purchased by me of one Mr. Baldwin. Also my

Mahogany

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 7 September 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 31 August 1772. The Company's ship Deptford sailed for England on Wednesday 2 September 1772.

The widows and executors of the late James Pavell and the late John Pritchard, and the executors of the late Mrs Ruth Colgrave, presented the three wills that day and asked for them to be proved. The Board proved them on the oaths of the witnesses. The wills follow.

James Pavell, a gentleman of St Helena, made his will while weak in body but of sound mind and memory. He left his wife, Elizabeth Pavell, the house he lived in, which stood in James's Valley next to Mr James Greentree's. She was to have it for the rest of her life. After her death it was to be disposed of as set out later in the will.

He also left his wife the following slaves for ever.

Sophia, a woman, and Maria, her daughter

Patt, a woman, and Dick, a boy

Phillis, a woman, and Lucinda, a young girl

Thomas, a man

Will, a man

Frank, a man

James, a man

Humphry, a man

Tony, a man

August, a man

Sarah, a woman

He left her a man slave named Watson for her lifetime only. On her death Watson was to pass to their daughter, Margaret Pavell. He also left his wife one complete bed with its furnishings, and she was to have first choice from all his beds. She was also to have a chest of drawers and a clothes press he had recently bought from Mr Baldwin. The will continues on the next leaf with a mahogany item.

Interpretations

Pavell owned at least 14 slaves, among them three women with young children, a large holding for a Company storekeeper on a salary of £180 a year. Office on St Helena did not keep a man from planting or from owning slave labour. Thirty years in the Company's service had let Pavell build up a household and property on the island far beyond what his pay alone would explain. His will left most of the slaves to his widow outright, so she could sell them or pass them on as she chose. The man Watson was handled differently. Elizabeth had him only for her lifetime, and on her death he went to their daughter Margaret. In this way Pavell kept at least one slave for the next generation whatever his widow did with the rest. The house was likewise left to her for life only, so that it too would follow his own instructions after her death.

114

110

7th September

Mahogany Dressing table, and my Mahogany Chest with Drawers, also

my large Chamber Elbow Chair covered with Green Cloath. Also my

Mahogany Night Table, and one of my Mahogany Dining Tables

such as she shall chuse or pitch upon. Also my large easy Chair covered

with Green which stands in the Parlour, also my Mahogany Writing

Table with a Drawer now standing in the sd. Parlour. Also a small

Rosewood Scruitore for ever. And I further give unto my Wife the sd.

Elizabeth Powell my Silver Coffee pot with the stand thereunto belonging.

Also all her wearing Apparel of every kind including her Gold repeating

Watch, and some pieces of Silk and Muslin which she now has, but

are not yet made into apparel for ever. And I also give her my sd.

Wife three Silver Salvers with a Coat of Arms engraved on each of them

to be and remain hers during her natural Life and at her decease

I give the three Silver Salvers to my Daughter the sd. Margaret

Powell. I also give unto her my sd. Wife two Silver Sauce Boats to be

and remain hers during her natural Life and at her decease the

sd. two Silver Sauce Boats I give to my Son Richard Alexander Powell.

I also give unto her my sd. Wife one pair of short Silver Candlesticks

for Shades during her Life and at her Death I give the sd. Short pair of

Candlesticks to my God Son Charles Mount. I further give unto her

my sd. Wife one half of all my Household Linen, such as Table Cloths

Napkins, Towells, Sheets and Pillow Cases, also two pair of plated

Candlesticks.

Item I give unto my Brother George Gabriel Powell now residing

either in England or South Carolina the Sum of fifty pounds which

Legacy I bequeath him in account of his very brotherly affection and

Solicitous care in rendering me every Office of Friendship which

opportunity put in his Power. -

Item I give unto my Daughter Elizabeth Bagley my largest

fluted Silver Salver, and the Sum of fifty Pounds in Cash as a Legacy.

Item I give unto my Son the sd. Richd. Alexr. Powell one Man

Slave named Mungo, one Man Slave named Tom, one Boy Slave

named Charles and one Boy Slave named Benjamin for ever. I

also give unto my Son the sd. Richd. Alexr. Powell my house in the sd.

Valley adjoining to the Dwelling house of Lieut. Thoms. Bazett with

half of the Yard thereto belonging. I mean the upper half reserving

the lower half of the sd. Yard and the passage leading thereunto as a

part of and belonging unto my sd. Dwelling house, for its use and my

meaning is that my Son the sd. Richd. Alexr. Powell shall have the sd.

House and the sd. upper part of the Yard at Valuation, and in order to

The will of James Pavell went on to leave his wife more furniture for ever: a mahogany dressing table, a mahogany chest of drawers, a large armchair for the bedchamber covered in green cloth, a mahogany night table and whichever of his mahogany dining tables she chose. She was also to have the large easy chair covered in green that stood in the parlour, the mahogany writing table with a drawer that stood there too, and a small rosewood bureau. He further left her his silver coffee pot with its stand. All her own clothes became hers for ever, including her gold repeating watch and the lengths of silk and muslin she had not yet had made up.

Some of his silver his wife was to keep only for her lifetime. The three silver salvers engraved with a coat of arms were to pass on her death to their daughter, Margaret Pavell. The two silver sauce boats were to pass to their son, Richard Alexander Pavell. A pair of short silver candlesticks for use with shades was to go to his godson, Charles Mouat. She was also to have half of all his household linen, meaning tablecloths, napkins, towels, sheets and pillowcases, together with two pairs of plated candlesticks.

He left £50 0s 0d to his brother, George Gabriel Pavell, then living either in England or in South Carolina. The legacy recognised his brother's affection and his readiness to do him every kindness that lay in his power.

He left his daughter Elizabeth Bagley his largest fluted silver salver and £50 0s 0d in cash.

He left his son Richard Alexander Pavell four slaves for ever: Mungo and Jim, who were men, and Charles and Benjamin, who were boys. He also left Richard a house in the valley next to Lieutenant Thomas Bazett's dwelling, with the upper half of the yard. The lower half of the yard, and the passage leading to it, were to remain with Pavell's own dwelling house. Richard was to take the house and the upper yard at their valued price. The will continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Pavell divided his property so that his widow had comfort for her lifetime while the family's lasting possessions went to his children. The silver engraved with the family arms passed to his wife only for her life, and then to a named child, so that it would not be sold or scattered after her death. His son received the second house at a valuation, not as an outright gift. Richard would pay its value into the estate, which kept the shares of the other heirs fair. His married daughter, Elizabeth Bagley, had joined one of the island's leading planter families. Orlando Bagley was appointed churchwarden in April 1772. A Company storekeeper had raised a family that married into the planter class and owned slaves, silver and mahogany furniture worthy of a prosperous English household.

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1772

obviate any ambiguous meaning or interpretation about the word Valuation

in respect to the above House. I hereby declare and my meaning is and

it is to be understood that my Son the sd. Richard shall have the sd. House

he paying therefore whatever it shall be justly appraised or valued at

after my Decease. I further give unto my Son the sd. Richd. Alexr. Powell

my Mahogany Bureau with the Book Case thereon standing. Also the

Mahogany Bureau now in his room, also a Compleat Bed and

Furniture such as he shall chuse among the remainder of my Beds

after my Wife the sd. Elizabeth and my Daughter the sd. Margaret Powell

have taken their Choice at the Rate of one Compleat Bed and Furniture

to each of them, and I also give unto my Son the sd. Richard my Silver

hilted Sword and my Fowling Piece. -

Item I give unto my good Friend and near Relation Mr.

Benjamin Mason, unto my Son in law Orld. Bagley, and to my Son the

sd. Richd. Powell all my wearing apparel to be equally divided between

them Share and Share alike.

Item I give my Cape Horse to my Wife the sd. Elizabeth Powell

and should the Horse so long exist at her Decease I give him to my sd.

Daughter the sd. Marg. Powell. -

Item I give unto my Daughter the sd. Margaret Powell one

Man slave named George, one Man slave named Cato one Boy slave

named Jack, and one Girl slave named Fanny. And I also give

unto my Daughter the sd. Margaret my Clothes press made of India

Wood, and my Mahogany Bureau also one compleat Bed and

Furniture she the sd. Margaret to have the second choice of all my

Beds, and I further give unto her my Gold Watch. And as to my

Dwelling house which I have given to my Wife the sd. Elizabeth Powell to have

and to possess the same during the term of her natural Life. I hereby

direct and my meaning is that at the decease of her my sd. Wife the sd.

Dwelling House shall then be and remain with my Daughter the sd.

Margaret Powell she paying therefore the Sum of one hundred pounds

which Sum is to be paid to the Executors or any other Person properly

authorized by my Wife the sd. Elizabeth by Will or otherwise, as the sd. Sum

is to be applyed solely to such use and purpose as she shall think fit to

apply it to. -

Item I give unto Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor of this

Island five Guineas for a Mourning Ring. -

Item I give unto Mr. Phill. Mahony two Guineas to buy him

a Mourning Ring. -

Item I give unto my Executrix and my Executors herein after

named

James Pavell's will went on to remove any doubt about the house in the valley. His son Richard was to have it, but he must pay whatever it was fairly valued at after Pavell's death. Pavell also left Richard the mahogany bureau with the bookcase standing on it, the mahogany bureau in Richard's own room, and a complete bed with its furnishings. Richard was to choose the bed from those left once Pavell's wife Elizabeth and his daughter Margaret had each taken one. Richard was also to have his father's silver-hilted sword and fowling piece.

Pavell's clothes were to be shared equally among his good friend and close relation Mr Benjamin Mason, his son-in-law Orlando Bagley and his son Richard.

His Cape horse went to his wife. If the horse was still alive when she died, it was to pass to their daughter Margaret.

He left his daughter Margaret four slaves: George, a man, Cata, a woman, Jack, a boy, and Fanny, a girl. He also left her his bedstead of Indian wood, his mahogany bureau, a complete bed with its furnishings, chosen second from all his beds, and his gold watch. The house he lived in had gone to his wife for her lifetime. On her death it was to pass to Margaret, provided she paid £100 0s 0d. That sum was to be paid to the executors, or to anyone his wife named by will or otherwise, and spent however his wife directed.

He left Daniel Corneille, the island's Lieutenant Governor, £5 5s 0d to buy a mourning ring, and Mr Philip Mahony £10 10s 0d for the same purpose. The will continues on the next leaf with the bequest to his executrix and executors.

Interpretations

Pavell made sure his widow had a say over part of the family property after her own death. Margaret could keep the family house only by paying £100 into the estate, and that money was to go wherever Elizabeth chose. Elizabeth held the house only for her lifetime, but this arrangement gave her a sum of her own to leave. She could use it to help the son or the married daughter who had received less.

The legacies for mourning rings followed an English custom. Close friends and patrons received money to buy a ring, usually a gold band engraved with the dead man's name and dates, worn in his memory. Leaving one to the Lieutenant Governor, while Corneille sat on the Council that had confirmed Bazett's promotion over him, was a mark of respect between colleagues. Philip Mahony, the clerk of the peace, received twice as much, perhaps a sign of closer friendship or of help with Pavell's affairs.

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112

7th September

named two Guineas each to buy them Mourning Rings. -

Item I give unto my God Son the sd. Charles Mount the Sum

of twenty five pounds to be paid unto him in a proper and convenient

time after my decease, also my Set of Gold Waistcoat Buttons being

eighteen in number, and a Silver Chain. -

And as to the residue or Remainder of my Estate not herein already

disposed of My Will and meaning is and I hereby order and direct

that my Wife the sd. Elizabeth Powell shall have her thirds or one third

part thereof, and I mean that the two other parts shall be equally divided

between my Son the sd. Richard and my Daughter the sd. Margaret Powell

share and share alike. And from the uncertainty of my Son John Powell's Life

or Death, as I have not for several Years heard from him. Yet in case he

be now alive and that he shall personally come to this Island and there

prove that he is my Son I mean that then he shall have an equal share

with my Son the sd. Richard & with my Daughter the sd. Margaret Powell

out of the sd. Residue of my Estate and no more. -

Lastly I hereby constitute Nominate and appoint my well

beloved Wife the sd. Elizabeth Powell Executrix my good Friends Messrs.

Henry Bazett Benjamin Mason and Richard Bagley and my Son

Richd. Alexr. Powell Executors of this my last Will and Testament, hereby

Revoking and making void all Wills by me heretofore made declaring

this to be my last Will and Testament contained in two Sheets of

Paper. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my Hand and Seal the

thirteenth day of July in the twelfth Year of his Majesty's Reign and in

the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy two. -

(Signed)

James Powell

P.S. I hereby further give unto my Wife the sd.

Eliz. Powell a Boy Slave named Frank, and

a Silver Cross for Sallad, to be hers for ever. -

And I give unto my Daughter the sd. Margaret

Powell a Woman Slave named Juney to be hers

for ever. -

It is to be understood that the above Postscript is

a part of my Will as the Legacys therein

Specified were omitted thro' mistake in the Body

of the sd. Will signed the day and Year abovewritten.

(Signed)

James Powell

Signed Sealed and published in the

presence of Us

(Signed)

Ex.

Richd. Goodwin

John Goodwin

Thos. Bazett

James Pavell left his executrix and each of his executors named below £10 10s 0d to buy mourning rings. He left his godson Charles Mouat £25 0s 0d, to be paid at a suitable time after his death, together with a set of 18 gold waistcoat buttons and a silver chain.

The rest of his estate, after these bequests, was to be divided into three. His wife, Elizabeth Pavell, was to have one third. The other two thirds were to be shared equally between his son Richard and his daughter Margaret Pavell. Pavell had not heard from his son John for several years and did not know whether he was alive. If John was still living, came to the island in person and proved that he was Pavell's son, he was to have a share of the residue equal to Richard's and Margaret's, and nothing more.

Pavell appointed his wife, Elizabeth Pavell, as executrix. His good friends Henry Bazett, Benjamin Mason and Richard Bagley, and his son Richard Alexander Pavell, were to be his executors. He cancelled all his earlier wills and declared this one, written on two sheets of paper, to be his last. He signed and sealed it on 19 July 1772, in the twelfth year of the King's reign.

A postscript added two bequests left out of the main will by mistake. His wife was to have for ever a boy slave named Frank and a silver salad cruet. His daughter Margaret was to have for ever a woman slave named Jenny. Pavell declared the postscript part of his will and signed it the same day. Richard Goodwin, John Goodwin and Thomas Bazett witnessed the will.

Interpretations

Pavell signed his will on 19 July 1772, a day after the minutes first recorded that he was too ill to attend to his work. That was less than a fortnight after his protest at being passed over for the Council, and six weeks before his death. He settled his affairs knowing he was dying.

The share of a third for his widow followed the English custom of dower, which reserved a third of a man's estate for his widow. The clause about his son John was carefully drawn. The young man had probably gone to sea or into the Company's service elsewhere and had dropped out of touch. Pavell left room for him if he came back. He required John to appear on St Helena in person and prove who he was before taking a share. That condition guarded the estate against impostors and against claims made through agents in England, while leaving the inheritance open to a son who might yet be alive.

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1772

In the Name of God Amen I John Prichard of the Island of St.

Helena Surgeons Mate in the Service of the Honorable United East India

Company of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies, being in good

health, of perfect mind memory and understanding. And well knowing the

Uncertainty of this Life Do make and ordain this my last Will and Testament

That is to say first and principally I recommend my Soul into the hands of

Almighty God my Creator and my Body to the Earth to be decently buried at

the discretion of my Executrix hereafter named. As touching such worldly

Estate wherewith it has pleased God to bless me with in this Life I give devise

and dispose thereof in manner and form following. Imprimis I will

and direct that all my just Debts and Funeral Expences be fully paid and

discharged. -

Item I give and bequeath to Sarah my beloved Wife all my Estates both

Real and Personal which I shall die possessed of upon the said Island

Constituting and appointing her Sole Executrix of this my last Will and

Testament Revoking all other Will or Wills by me made Ratifying and

Confirming this and no other to be my last Will and Testament. In Witness

whereof I have hereunto set my Hand and Seal this 19th day of February in

the Year of our Lord 1769. -

(Signed)

John Prichard

Signed Sealed and declared

by the said John Prichard as

his Last Will & Testament

in the presence of Us -

(Signed)

Thos. Bazett

Hen. Bazett

Richd. Bagley

In the Name of God Amen This 18th day of June in the

Year of our Lord 1772. I Ruth Colgrave Widow being Sick and weak of Body

but of sound mind and memory, Do hereby make this my last Will and

Testament That is to say I recommend my Soul to my Maker, my Body I

commit to the Earth to be decently buryed, and my worldly Effects I give and

dispose of in the manner following. -

Imprimis I give and bequeath unto my Daughter Anne the Sum of

one

John Pritchard of St Helena, surgeon's mate in the service of the United East India Company, made his will while in good health and of sound mind, memory and understanding, mindful that life was uncertain. He commended his soul to God, his maker, and asked to be decently buried at the discretion of his executrix. He directed that all his just debts and funeral expenses be paid in full. He then left his beloved wife, Sarah, everything he owned on the island, land and goods alike, and appointed her sole executrix. He cancelled all earlier wills and declared this one his last. He signed and sealed it on 13 February 1769. Thomas Bazett, Henry Bazett and Richard Bagley witnessed it.

Ruth Colgrave, a widow, made her will on 13 June 1772. She was ill and weak in body but of sound mind and memory. She commended her soul to her Maker and asked for her body to be decently buried. She then disposed of her worldly goods. Her first bequest was a sum of money to her daughter Anne, and the will continues on the next leaf.

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7th September

one hundred pounds. Also a Man Slave named George, and a Boy named

Jack as a Legacy. -

Item I give my Daughter Elizabeth the Disposal of a Woman named Pat

paying to my Son James, and Daughter Anne the Sum of five Pounds each.

After my Debts are paid namely Fifty pounds due to the Estate of

Thomas Colgrave deceased and all other Debts. I order and direct the rest

and residue of my Substance to be equally divided amongst all my

Children namely James, Elizabeth, Anne and Eleanor. I farther order

and direct that my Daughter Elizabeth's part or share of my Substance at

her Death be equally divided between my Grand Sons George and

Aaron Lambe. -

Lastly I hereby Nominate and appoint my Friends Messrs. Orlando Bagley

and Isaac Doveton Executors to this my Will utterly revoking

all other Wills by me heretofore made, Ratifying and Confirming this

and no other to be my last Will and Testament. -

(Signed)

Ruth Colgrave

Signed and Sealed

in the presence of

(Signed)

G. Alexander

John Alexander Junr.

Mr. George Alexander this day presented the following

Petition

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.

Council of St. Helena

The humble Petition of Geo. Alexander Executor to the

last Will and Testament of Thomas Colgrave deceased. -

Sheweth

That Mr. Thomas Colgrave having Ordered in his last Will

and Testament, that all his Lease Land should be sold which was left to

his Widow during her Life, and as the said Widow is now dead Your Petitioner

Requests that your Worship and Council will permit to dispose of the same

at Publick Auction. And your Petitioner will ever pray. -

7 Sept. 1772

Granted -

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

Ruth Colgrave left her daughter Anne £100 0s 0d, together with a man slave named George and a boy named Jack. She gave her daughter Elizabeth the first refusal of a woman slave named Pat. If Elizabeth took her, she was to pay £5 0s 0d each to her brother James and her sister Anne. Her debts were to be paid first, including £50 0s 0d owed to the estate of the late Thomas Colgrave. Everything else was to be divided equally among her children James, Elizabeth, Anne and Eleanor. On Elizabeth's death, her share was to pass in equal parts to Ruth's grandsons, George and Aaron Lambe. She appointed her friends Orlando Bagley and Isaac Doveton as executors, cancelled all earlier wills and declared this one her last. G. Alexander and John Alexander junior witnessed her signature and seal.

George Alexander presented a petition to the Governor and Council that day as executor of the late Thomas Colgrave. Colgrave's will had directed that all his leased land be sold, and in the meantime his widow was to hold it for her lifetime. The widow had now died. Alexander therefore asked the Board's permission to sell the land at public auction. The Board agreed on 7 September 1772, and John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the grant.

Interpretations

Ruth Colgrave did not leave Pat to Elizabeth outright. She let her daughter choose whether to take the slave, and set a price of £10 0s 0d, paid to James and Anne. That kept the division fair while letting Elizabeth keep a woman she probably knew and wanted. Pat's future rested on her mistress's daughter's choice and on a sum agreed between the heirs. Elizabeth's share of the residue was to pass on her death to her two Lambe sons, not to her husband or his heirs. The clause kept Ruth Colgrave's property in her own blood.

The two Colgrave wills worked one after the other. Thomas Colgrave had given his widow the use of his leased land for her lifetime, with a sale to follow her death. Ruth's death on 9 August 1772 brought that moment. The land was Company leasehold, so the executor could not sell it without the Council's consent, which was given the same day the widow's will was proved. Ruth's own will also recorded that she owed £50 0s 0d to her husband's estate. The two estates were kept separate, so that his heirs and hers each received their due.

119

115

14th September

At a Consultation held on Monday the 14th day of September 1772 at the

Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 7th Sept. 1772

Thursday the 10 Died Richard Ashford Private -

The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts

for the Month of August last, were this day laid before Us, which were examined

approved of and are as follow.

Artillery Stores expended in August 1772

Guns fired, 9 Prs., 6 Prs., 4 Prs., 1 Prs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz

2 Departed the Earl of Sandwich: Guns fired 9, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0

4 An Alarm for a Ship that Passed by: Guns fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8

5 Departed the Dutch Ship: Guns fired 13, 9 Prs. 8, 6 Prs. 5, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 22, Powder Expended oz 0

7 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8

Arrived the Clive: Guns fired 9, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0

24 Departed the Rochford: Guns fired 9, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 16, Powder Expended oz 0

25 An Alarm Arrived the Deptford no Salute: Guns fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 0

Powder for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 150, Powder Expended oz 12

Total: Guns fired 58, 9 Prs. 23, 6 Prs. 17, 4 Prs. 12, 1 Prs. 6, Powder Expended lb 264, Powder Expended oz 4

Tallow for Different Services

lb 30

Match for Do.

9

Lead Ball to Shoot Goats

1

Vinegar for Mortars

½ Gallon

Tompions

No. 2

Handspikes

2

(Signed)

James Tippet Captn. of

Artillery

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 14 September 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 7 September 1772. Richard Ashford, a private soldier, died on Thursday 10 September 1772.

The accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for August 1772 were laid before the Board that day. The members examined and approved them. The artillery stores used in August 1772 were as follows.

A salute of 9 guns, five 9-pounders and four 6-pounders, using 16 lb of powder, marked the departure of the Earl of Sandwich on 2 August 1772.

4 August 1772, alarm for a ship passing, guns fired 6, 4-pounders 4, 1-pounders 2, powder 14 lb 8 oz

A salute of 13 guns, eight 9-pounders and five 6-pounders, using 22 lb of powder, marked the departure of the Dutch ship Pleyenburg on 5 August 1772.

7 August 1772, alarm, guns fired 6, 4-pounders 4, 1-pounders 2, powder 14 lb 8 oz

Salutes of 9 guns, five 9-pounders and four 6-pounders, each using 16 lb of powder, marked the arrival of the Clive on 7 August and the departure of the Rochford on 24 August 1772. On 25 August 1772 an alarm was fired for the arrival of the Deptford, but no salute: 6 guns, four 4-pounders and two 1-pounders, using 14 lb of powder.

Powder for various services, 150 lb 12 oz

Total, guns fired 58, 9-pounders 23, 6-pounders 17, 4-pounders 12, 1-pounders 6, powder 264 lb 4 oz

Tallow for various services, 30 lb

Slow match for the same, 9 lb

Lead ball for shooting goats, 1 lb

Vinegar for the mortars, ½ gallon

Tompions, 2

Handspikes, 2

James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. The next heading, Sundries, begins at the foot of the page.

120

116

14th September

Sundry's Expended at the Honorable Company's Table in

August 1772

57 Bottles Madeira

£ 5 . 14

7 Do. Port

10 . 6

16 Do. Lisbon

1 . 4

3 Do. Mountain

4 . 6

20 Do. Beer

3 . 9

16 Galls. Arrack

2 . 8

lb 67 Beef

16 . 9

253 Mutton

5 . 5 . 5

4 Turkeys

1

6 Fowls

9

90 Candy

2 . 8

62 Butter

3 . 2

531 Flour

4 . 8 . 6

1 Lamb

10

Bought p Table

2 Turkeys

10

20 Fowls

1 . 10

2 Ducks

3

2 Pigs

10

lb 196½ Beef

4 . 2 . 1½

£ 35 . 1½

Mr. William Hayes junior this day

applied to Us for our opinion on a part of the last Will and Testament

of Joshua Worrall deceased, with regard to a Legacy of five Sheep given

to the said Hayes's Son which is not clearly expressed by the Testator

as he mentions the said Hayes Son under a wrong Christian Name

Frances instead of Joshua. Mr. Hayes produced the Man who made

the Will, and he declaring before Us that the Legacy was intended for

the said Hayes Son. We directed the Executor to deliver the five Sheep

agreable to the meaning of the Testator. -

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The supplies used at the Company's table in August 1772 were as follows.

Madeira, 57 bottles, £5 14s 0d

Port, 7 bottles, £0 10s 6d

Lisbon wine, 16 bottles, £1 4s 0d

Mountain wine, 3 bottles, £0 4s 6d

Beer, 20 bottles, £0 3s 9d

Arrack, 16 gallons, £2 8s 0d

Beef, 67 lb, £0 16s 9d

Mutton, 253 lb, £5 5s 5d

Turkeys, 4, £1 0s 0d

Fowls, 6, £0 9s 0d

Sugar candy, 90 lb, £2 5s 0d

Butter, 62 lb, £3 2s 0d

Flour, 531 lb, £4 8s 6d

Lamb, 1, £0 10s 0d

Bought in for the table:

Turkeys, 2, £0 10s 0d

Fowls, 20, £1 10s 0d

Ducks, 2, £0 3s 0d

Pigs, 2, £0 10s 0d

Beef, 196½ lb, £4 2s 8½d

Total, £35 0s 1½d

William Hayes junior asked the Council on 14 September 1772 for a ruling on part of the will of the late Joshua Merrall. The will left two sheep to Hayes's son but gave the boy the wrong Christian name, calling him Francis instead of Joshua, so it was unclear who was meant. Hayes brought before the Board the man who had written the will, who declared that the legacy was intended for Hayes's son. The Council directed the executor to hand over the two sheep in keeping with the testator's intention. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the direction.

Interpretations

Under a strict reading, a gift to a person wrongly named could fail, and the two sheep would have gone into the residue left to Mary Seale. The Council did not take that course. It heard the man who had drafted the will and gave effect to what Merrall meant rather than to the words on the page. The sums involved were tiny, but the ruling shows how the Council acted as the island's court of probate. It settled the matter quickly by sworn testimony, with no need for a formal suit. A clerk's slip in a dying man's will was corrected by the evidence of the clerk himself.

121

117

21st September

At a Consultation held on Monday the 21st day of September 1772 at the

Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 14 Sept. 1772

Friday the 18 died Martha Daughter of Roderick Merchant Publican

Yesterday Arrived the Godfrey's Boat at Banks's at three quarters of an Hour

past five o'Clock in the Morning

Do. Do. the Honorable Company's Ship Godfrey from Bombay, and

brought Us the following Supplys. -

Invoice of Ship Godfrey

Rice beaten fine 45 Bags of lb 300 Surat Mds.

@ 23 Rs. p 12 Surt. Mds.

383 . 1 . 32

Batty 26 Bags @ 3 Parahs is Mds. 2 . 39 at 20 p Maund

62 . 1 . 60

Surat Piece Goods 2 Bales Chelloes Co.

1 . 2 . 10 . 10 . 1 . 11 Surat at 101 p Corge

1010

Charges on Merchandize

Hamallage

4 . 2

Lascarage

2 . 2 . 10

Gunney Bags

54 . 1

Boathire

2 . 2

63 . 3 . 10

Rupees 1519 . 2 . 2

Errors Excepted

(Signed)

D. Draper Accompt.

Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's

Cash for the Month of August last which is as follows. -

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 21 September 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 14 September 1772. Martha, daughter of Roderick Merchant, a publican, died on Friday 18 September 1772. At a quarter to six on the morning of 20 September 1772 the boat of the Godfrey came ashore at Banks's. The Company's ship Godfrey arrived from Bombay the same day.

The Godfrey brought supplies for the island, listed in her invoice.

Fine cleaned rice, 45 bags, weighing 300 Surat maunds, at 23 rupees for 18 Surat maunds, 383 rupees 1 quarter 32 reas

Batty, 26 bags of 3 parahs each, at 20 [...] a morah, 62 rupees 1 quarter 60 reas

Surat chelloes, 2 bales, 10 corge, at 101 rupees a corge, 1,010 rupees

Charges on the goods:

Hamallage, 4 rupees 2 quarters

Lascarage, 2 rupees 2 quarters 10 reas

Gunny bags, 54 rupees 1 quarter

Boat hire, 2 rupees 2 quarters

Charges, total, 63 rupees 3 quarters 10 reas

Total, 1,519 rupees 2 quarters 2 reas

D. Draper signed the invoice as accountant, subject to any errors.

The Board then counted and checked the Company's cash for August 1772. The account of that cash follows below.

Interpretations

Most of the Godfrey's invoice went on chelloes, the cheap checked cotton woven around Surat. The island used it in quantity for slaves' clothing and household cloth. The Council's letter of 29 April 1772 had asked Bombay for 100 pieces. That letter went by way of China and could not have reached Bombay so soon. These 200 pieces must therefore have answered an earlier standing order. With cloth from Madras in the Deptford and from Surat in the Godfrey, St Helena drew its textiles from both coasts of India, its rice from three presidencies and its sugar and tea from China.

122

118

21st September

Cash Dr.

1772 Augt. 1st To Balance Remaining

£ 12421 . 18 . 8

10 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon the

Honorable the Court of Directors payable to

Captain Henry Rice

56 . 8 . 9

To Ship Hampshire

10 . 6 . 11

To Ship Rochford

270 . 6

24 To George Sampson late third Mate of Ship British

King received the amount of his Effects as p

Consultation of this day

332 . 15 . 2

31 To Ship Clive

39 . 7 . 11

To Ship Deptford

62 . 4 . 6

£ 13193 . 2 . 5

Per Contra Cr.

1772 Augt. 30th By Balance Remaining viz.

In Specie£ 12653 . 7 . 5

In Cash Notes

539 . 15

13193 . 2 . 5

£ 13193 . 2 . 5

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The Company's cash account for August 1772 began with the money held at the start of the month and the money paid in.

1 August 1772, balance in hand, £12,421 18s 8d

10 August 1772, received in exchange for a set of bills drawn on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain Henry Rice, £56 8s 9d

The Hampshire paid in £10 6s 11d and the Rochford £270 0s 6d. On 24 August 1772 the treasury received £332 15s 2d, the proceeds of the effects of George Sampson, late mate of the British King, as recorded in that day's minutes. On 31 August 1772 the Clive paid in £39 7s 11d and the Deptford £67 4s 6d.

Total, £13,193 2s 5d

The other side showed the balance in hand at the end of the month.

31 August 1772, balance in hand:

In coin, £12,653 7s 5d

In cash notes, £539 15s 0d

Balance, total, £13,193 2s 5d

Total, £13,193 2s 5d

John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the account.

Interpretations

The Rochford paid in £270 0s 6d, far more than any other ship that season, most of which paid a few pounds. Her commander, Captain Hunt, had two leaguers of arrack on his invoice that were never landed. He probably settled for the missing spirit and for the provisions taken on at the island in cash before he sailed. Settling on the spot spared him a claim against his charter party in London, where he already faced his chief mate's complaint.

By the end of August the coin in the treasury stood at over £12,650, the highest in the record. Nothing had been paid out since the June pay day. Payments from ships, bills of exchange and the proceeds of a dead officer's estate had kept the chest filling through the quiet winter months.

123

119

28th September

At a Consultation held on Monday the 28th day of September 1772 at the

Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 21 Sept. 1772

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that he has

been onboard the Ship Godfrey to Muster her Company and enquire for

Deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows. -

Muster Roll of Ship Godfrey

Fras. Reid Commander

John Godfrey Chief Mate

Henry Cowles 2 Do.

Thos. Watt 3 Do.

Geo. Gossart 4 Do.

Robt. Nairn 5 Do.

Richd. Ashworth Mid. & Coxn.

Jno. Foulbeck Surgeon

Jas. Rankney Purser

Robt. Wilson Ships Steward

Wm. Halsam Gunner

Richd. Thompson Boatswain

John Townsend Carpenter

Jas. McIntosh

Edw. Hidman

Gunners Mates

Robt. Reid

Thos. Barnes

Boatswains Mates

Jno. Mason

Jno. Sayer

Carpt. Mates

Thos. Branch

Wm. Nisbet

Caulkers

John Ratley Midshipman

Thos. Collins Do.

Thos. Reeful Midshipman

Robt. Burke Do.

Jno. Lovern Cooper

Amos Bavel Do. Mate

Robt. Bigber Joiner

Matt. Evans Sailmaker

Wm. Masonge Armourer

John Pillsden Capt. Cook

John Hope Ships Do.

Alex. Forsyth Barber

Steph. Evans Capt. Stewd.

John Ambrose Poulterer

Robt. Blackburn Qr. Mr.

Jas. Cormac Do.

Jas. Graham Do.

Danl. Nichols Do.

John West Do.

Danl. Smart Do.

Nancy Jacob Capt. Servt.

Wm. Pitcher Seaman

Thos. Prince

Wm. Davy

Jas. Fowler

Henry Dowey Seaman

Wm. Simmons

Thos. Turner

Jas. Brumby

Thos. Smith

Steph. Neal

John Batty

Isaac Watt

Thos. Stanley

Geo. Allen

Richd. Green

Steph. Chamberlain

John Anderson

Robt. Wilson

Andw. Mandson

Jasper Crawford

John Simpson

Wm. Mead

Jas. Booth

Wm. Brown

John Ramon

Edw. Watt

Edw. Lovett

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 28 September 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 21 September 1772.

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Godfrey to muster her crew and search for deserters, and had found none. Her muster roll began as follows.

Francis Fead, commander

John Saffery, chief mate

Henry Lubes, second mate

Thomas Watt, third mate

George Gifford, fourth mate

Robert Norris, fifth mate

Richard Whitworth, midshipman and coxswain

John Forsbrook, surgeon

James Anthony, purser

Robert Wilson, ship's steward

William Hallowes, gunner

Richard Thompson, boatswain

John Townsend, carpenter

James McIntosh, gunner's mate

Edward Hickman, gunner's mate

Robert Reed, boatswain's mate

Thomas Barnes, boatswain's mate

James Mason, carpenter's mate

James Tryon, carpenter's mate

Thomas French, caulker

William Nisbet, caulker

John Ratley, midshipman

Thomas Cotton, midshipman

Thomas Bushel, midshipman

Robert Hunter, midshipman

John Lovens, cooper

Amos Camel, cooper's mate

Robert Bigby, joiner

Matthew Evans, sailmaker

William Muspratt, armourer

John Pelleton, captain's cook

John Webb, ship's cook

Alexander Forsyth, baker

Stephen Evans, captain's steward

John Ambrose, poulterer

Robert Blackburn, quartermaster

James Corman, quartermaster

James Brehon, quartermaster

Daniel Nichols, quartermaster

John West, quartermaster

David Smart, quartermaster

[...] Sarah, captain's servant

William Pitcher, seaman

Thomas Pearce, seaman

William Dove, seaman

James Fowler, seaman

Henry Corey, seaman

William Jamison, seaman

Thomas Turner, seaman

James Bromley, seaman

Thomas Smith, seaman

Philip Neal, seaman

John Bailey, seaman

Isaac Watt, seaman

Thomas Stanley, seaman

George Allen, seaman

Richard Crow, seaman

Philip Chamberlain, seaman

John Anderson, seaman

Robert Wilson, seaman

Andrew Mankin, seaman

Jasper Crawford, seaman

John Templeton, seaman

William Mead, seaman

James Booth, seaman

William Brown, seaman

Peter Rawson, seaman

Edward Watt, seaman

Edward Sewell, seaman

The roll continues on the next leaf.

124

120

28th September

Fras. Green Seaman

Jas. Mitchell

Chs. Thompson

Wm. Hancock

John Pierce

Josias Coleman

Jas. Taylor

Nathan Steel

Gregory Crow

Robt. Brown

John Evans

James Ure Seaman

Saml. Jackson

John Bradley

Saml. Bowers

Wm. Hutchinson

Edw. Steel

Jas. Laws

Thos. Smith

Wm. Easton

Richd. McEvoy

Wm. Rebecca

John Scott

Henry Foster Seaman

Richd. Green

John Edwards

Thos. Coleby

John Davis

Thos. Symonds

Wm. Whitaker

Wm. Nolan

Alex. Chain

Wm. Allen

John Swan

Passengers

Capt. Jno. Henderson

Lieut. Scolan

Jno. Cooper & 2 Servts.

Thomas Blossom

Wm. Thomas

Randl. McDonald

Jas. Legath

John Phillips

Henry Norman

Thos. Dawson

Allen McKenzie

John Patterson

Thos. Stone

Richd. Hughes

Thos. Charles

John Brown

Thos. Whiting

Jno. Robinson

Edw. Tattashall

Jas. Cunningham

Wm. Ashburner

Juliana Steel

Wm. Cable

Jas. Danl. Wm. Henderson

(Signed)

Francis Reid

The Storekeeper this day delivered the following

Account of Stores short received from Ship Godfrey. -

Account of Stores short received from Ship Godfrey

C. qr. lb 2 . 1 . 7 Rice short weight occasioned by wastage

6 Ps. Chelloes short packed. -

1 Do. Pepper received more than his Invoice

(Signed)

St. Helena Jona. Doveton

28 Sept. 1772 Storekeeper

The muster roll of the Godfrey concluded as follows.

Francis Green, seaman

James Mitchell, seaman

Charles Thompson, seaman

William Harrock, seaman

John Pauner, seaman

Josias [...], seaman

James Taylor, seaman

Nathan Steel, seaman

Gregory Crow, seaman

Robert Brown, seaman

John Evans, seaman

James Ure, seaman

Samuel Tickbourn, seaman

John Barby, seaman

Samuel Bowers, seaman

William Hutchinson, seaman

Edward Steel, seaman

Joseph Laws, seaman

Thomas Smith, seaman

William Easton, seaman

Richard McEvoy, seaman

William [...], seaman

John Scott, seaman

Henry Foster, seaman

Richard Green, seaman

John Edwards, seaman

Thomas Catesby, seaman

John Dove, seaman

Thomas Symonds, seaman

William Whitaker, seaman

William Nolan, seaman

Alexander Chain, seaman

William Allen, seaman

John Swan, seaman

Passengers:

Captain James Henderson

Lieutenant [...]

James Cooper and 2 servants

Thomas Blossom

William Thomas

Randal McDonald

James Lygath

John Phillips

Henry Norman

Thomas Rawson

Allen McKenzie

John Patterson

Thomas Shaw

Richard Hughes

Thomas Charles

John Brown

Thomas Whiting

James Robinson

Edward Tattershall

James Cunningham

William Ashburner

Juliana Steel

William Cable

James Daniel McKinnon

Francis Reed signed the roll as commander.

The storekeeper delivered an account that day of stores found short on delivery from the Godfrey.

Rice, short weight from wastage, 2 cwt 1 qr [...]

Chelloes, 6 pieces, short packed

Pepper, [...], received over the invoice

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 28 September 1772.

Interpretations

Doveton recorded a surplus of pepper as well as the shortfalls. The store accounts had to match the invoices exactly, so goods received over the invoice were entered just as carefully as goods short. The extra pepper became Company stock, and the Bombay accountants could correct their books from the island's report. The six pieces of chelloes found short packed came from bales sealed at Surat, so the loss fell on the packers there rather than on the ship.

125

121

1772

There being no Pepper in the Honorable Company's Stores We

this day sent Captain Reed the following Order. -

To Captain Francis Reed Commander of Ship

Godfrey

Sir

You are hereby Ordered to send on shore one hundred

weight of the Honorable Company's Pepper for the use of this Island. -

We are

St. Helena Sir

28 Sept. 1772 Your humble Servants

(Signed)

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

Mrs. Elizabeth Powell this day presented the following

Letter and Petition viz. -

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.

Council

Gentlemen

I must beg leave through the Channel of your

Board to offer the inclosed Petition to the Honorable the Court of Directors and as

you Gentlemen well know the long Services of Mr. Powell my deceased

Husband, and the Situation in which he has left his affairs I flatter myself

your Worship and Council will forward it in a favourable light. -

I am Gentlemen with respect

Your most Obed. Servant

St. Helena (Signed)

28 Sept. 1772 Eliz. Powell

There was no pepper left in the Company's stores. On 28 September 1772 the Council therefore ordered Captain Francis Reed, commander of the Godfrey, to send ashore one hundredweight of the Company's pepper for the island's use. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the order.

Mrs Elizabeth Pavell presented a letter and petition that day. Her letter to the Governor and Council, dated 28 September 1772, asked them to send her enclosed petition on to the Court of Directors. The members knew well how long her late husband had served, and in what state he had left his affairs. She hoped they would forward the petition with a favourable word. Elizabeth Pavell signed the letter.

Interpretations

The pepper aboard the Godfrey belonged to the Company. It was part of her homeward cargo from Bombay, bound for sale in London. The Council could therefore draw on it directly by written order instead of buying from the captain's private trade, as it had to do with salt meat and timber. The storekeeper's report of the same day had noted pepper received over the invoice. Between that surplus and the hundredweight taken from the cargo, the island's need was met without any payment leaving the treasury.

Elizabeth Pavell's appeal followed her husband's own. He had protested to the Court on 6 July 1772 that 31 years of service had gone unrewarded. Now his widow asked the Court for help, and she asked the Council to support her plea. The Company had no regular pension for the widows of its civil servants. Any grant depended on the Court's goodwill, and a favourable word from the Governor and Council could decide whether she received anything. Her request that the Board recall "the state in which he left his affairs" suggests that, for all the slaves, silver and furniture in his will, Pavell's estate was weighed down by debts.

126

122

28th September

To the Honorable the Court of Directors for the

Affairs of the East India Company. -

The humble Petition of Eliz. Powell

Sheweth

That your Petitioner begs leave to address your

Honorable Court setting forth the long Services of her deceased husband of

thirty one Years with Integrity who died the 29 of last Month, and not

having left his affairs in the most desirable situation your Petitioner

is induced to apply to your Honors hoping you will take her case into

your benign consideration and allow her some small Annuity as to

your Honors shall seem meet. -

And your Petitioner will ever pray

St. Helena

28 Sept. 1772

The Executors to the last Will and Testament of

Mrs. Ruth Colgrave deceased this day produced an Inventory of her

Effects Appraised by Messrs. James Desfountain and Robert Gosling who

being duly sworn that they valued the same to the best of their Judgements

it was Ordered to be Registered. -

Mr. Jonathan Doveton Storekeeper

this day acquainted Us that 3 of Wind Iron was wrote off upon the

Back of the Bill of Lading of Ship Earl of Sandwich was omitted to be

entered in the short delivery of that Ship. We thereupon Ordered it to be

wrote off to Account Current London. -

Ordered the following Advertisement to be

published. -

Elizabeth Pavell's petition to the Court of Directors, dated at St Helena on 28 September 1772, set out her husband's long and honest service of 31 years. He had died on 29 August 1772 and had not left his affairs in a good state. She therefore asked the Court to consider her case kindly and grant her whatever small annuity it thought fit.

The executors of the late Mrs Ruth Colgrave produced an inventory of her effects that day. James Desfontaine and Robert Gosling had valued them, and both swore that they had priced the goods as fairly as they could judge. The Council ordered the inventory to be registered.

Jonathan Doveton, the storekeeper, informed the Council that 5 [...] of iron had been written off on the back of the Earl of Sandwich's bill of lading. The iron had been left out of his account of goods short delivered from that ship. The Council ordered it to be written off to the London account.

The Council then ordered a public notice to be issued. The notice follows.

Interpretations

Elizabeth Pavell admitted plainly that her husband had left his affairs in a poor state. Her case therefore rested on his record rather than on need she could prove. The Company kept no pension for the widows of its civil servants, and an annuity depended on the Court's favour. A widow who had inherited slaves, silver and a house would struggle to persuade London she was in want unless debts swallowed the estate. That was what her petition implied.

The iron missing from the Earl of Sandwich had been noted only on her bill of lading, the receipt signed when the cargo was taken aboard. Doveton's correction brought it into the formal account. Writing it off to London let the Court claim its value from the ship's owners under the charter party, so the loss would not be lost sight of just because it had been left out of the island's first report.

127

123

1772

Island St. Helena 28th September 1772

Notice is hereby given to all Owners of Fishing

Boats that they are hereby directed to order their Fishermen that whenever they

pass or repass Purlings Battery to strike their Sails and go past under Oars

Under penalty of being severely punished for acting contrary to Orders. -

Per Order of Council

(Signed)

B. Wright Secy.

We this day Inlisted Joseph Peal to serve the Honble.

Company five Years as a Soldier, he being a Sightly Man gave him seven

Pounds, seven shillings Bounty Money to buy him necessarys. -

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The Council issued a public notice on 28 September 1772. Every owner of a fishing boat was to order his fishermen to lower their sails and row whenever they passed Purling's Battery in either direction. Anyone who disobeyed would be severely punished. B. Wright signed the notice as Secretary on the Council's orders.

The Council enlisted Joseph Peal that day to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. He was a fine-looking man, so the Board gave him a bounty of £7 7s 0d to buy what he needed. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minute.

Interpretations

A boat under oars moved slowly, close inshore and in plain view, so the sentries at Purling's Battery could see who was in it and where it was heading. A boat under sail could slip past quickly, perhaps after dark, and stand out to sea. The order made every fishing boat pass the battery at the gunners' pace. It followed the plot of 30 September 1771 to seize the Company's longboat. Since then the Council had kept its own boats chained on the beach. Fishing boats remained the easiest way off the island for a deserting soldier or a runaway slave, and this notice extended the same watch to them.

Peal's bounty of £7 7s 0d, seven guineas, fell between the £5 and £10 the Council had paid other men that season. The Board set each sum by its judgement of the recruit.

128

124

30th September

At a Consultation held on Wednesday the 30th day of September 1772 at

the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed dated the 28

September 1772.

Pursuant to an Order in Consultation

of the 24 of last Month the Planters this day attended to pay their

Rent and Revenues due to the Honble. Company for the Year past which

amounts to £ 628 . 7. - The Rent Roll is as follows. -

Ground Rent, Free Land, Lease Land, £, s, d

Samuel Alexander: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 34, Lease Land 3½, £ 11, s 1, d 6

John Alexander 13½ @ 1 p Ac. 10 @ 2/: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 71¼, Lease Land 113½, £ 23, s 10, d 6

George Alexander: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 87½, Lease Land 104¾, £ 20, s 11, d 6

Margt. Monck 19¾ Ac. @ 20/ p Ann.: Ground Rent 33/6, Free Land 20, Lease Land 19¾, £ 6, s 14, d 6

Benjn. Beales Exr.: Ground Rent 12/6, Free Land 10, Lease Land 13½, £ 4, s 5, d 0

Richard Beale: Ground Rent 5/, Free Land 31, Lease Land 14, £ 5, s 6, d 0

Martha Beale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 10, Lease Land 10, £ 3, s 0, d 0

Wm. Bearcroft 61 @ 1/6 p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 61, £ 4, s 11, d 6

John Bagley Senr.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 20, £ 5, s 0, d 0

John Bagley Junr. 3¾ @ 1/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 27, Lease Land 21¼, £ 6, s 10, d 0

Richd. Bagley 12 @ 2/6 p Ac. 7 @ 1/6 p Ac. 2¼ @ 1/ p Ac. 12½ @ 2/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 26/2, Free Land 125½, Lease Land 197¼, £ 53, s 4, d 2

Orl. Bagley's Exr. 31 @ 2/6 p Ac. 16½ @ 4/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 51½, Lease Land 96¼, £ 23, s 7, d 0

Matt. Bazett 15 @ 1/ p Ac. 7½ @ 1/6 p Ac.: Ground Rent 20/, Free Land 197, Lease Land 110¾, £ 0, s 0, d 0

Henry Bazett 8 @ 4/ p Ac. 3½ @ 2/6 p Ann. 3 Ac. @ 5/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 12/, Free Land 65, Lease Land 19¼, £ 14, s 14, d 9

John Bazett: Ground Rent 12/, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 12, d 0

Orl. Bagley 19 Ac. @ 1/ p Ac. 9½ @ 2/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 72¾, £ 13, s 8, d 0

The Council met at the Castle on Wednesday 30 September 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 28 September 1772.

Following the order of 24 August 1772, the planters came that day to pay the rents and dues they owed the Company for the past year, which came to £628 7s 0d. The rent roll began as follows, giving each holder's ground rent, free land and leased land in acres, and the sum due.

Samuel Alexander, free land 34 acres, leased land 3½ acres, £11 1s 6d

John Alexander, 13½ acres at 1s an acre and 100 acres at [...], free land 71¾ acres, leased land 113¾ acres, £23 18s 6d

George Alexander, free land 57½ acres, leased land 104½ acres, £20 11s 6d

Margaret [...], at 20s a year, ground rent 33s 6d, free land 20 acres, leased land 13¾ acres, £6 14s 6d

Benjamin Beale, ground rent 12s 6d, free land 10 acres, leased land 13½ acres, £4 5s 0d

Richard Beale, ground rent 5s, free land 31 acres, leased land 14 acres, £5 6s 0d

Martha Beale, free land 10 acres, leased land 10 acres, £3 0s 0d

William Bearcroft, 61 acres at 1s 6d an acre, leased land 61 acres, £4 11s 6d

John Bagley senior, leased land 20 acres, £5 0s 0d

John Bagley junior, 3¼ acres at 4s an acre, free land 27 acres, leased land 21¼ acres, £6 10s 0d

Richard Bagley, 12 acres at 4s, 7 acres at 1s 6d, 2½ acres at 2s and 13½ acres at 6d an acre, ground rent 26s 6d, free land 126½ acres, leased land 197¾ acres, £53 4s 2d

Executors of Orlando Bagley, 31 acres at 2s 6d and 16½ acres at 4s an acre, free land 51½ acres, leased land 96¼ acres, £23 7s 0d

Matthew Bazett, 15 acres at 1s and 7½ acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 20s, free land 197 acres, leased land 110¾ acres, sum not entered

Henry Bazett, 8 acres at 4s an acre, 8½ acres at 2s 6d a year and [...] at 6s an acre, ground rent 13s, free land 65 acres, leased land 19¼ acres, £14 14s 9d

John Bazett, ground rent 12s, £0 12s 0d

[...] Bagley, 19 acres at 1s and 9¾ acres at 2s an acre, leased land 72¾ acres, £13 8s 0d

The roll continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

The rent roll separated three kinds of holding. Ground rent was charged on town plots and building sites in Jamestown. Free land was held outright under the Company's early grants, at a small fixed quit rent, a token annual payment that recognised the Company as ultimate owner. Leased land was held on terms from the Company and was charged by the acre at rates set by the quality of the ground, from 6d an acre for rough upland to 4s or more for good pasture and garden land. One planter could hold land at four or five different rates, as Richard Bagley did, because his holdings had been granted piece by piece over many years.

The Bagley, Bazett, Beale and Alexander families held much of the land listed on this page. The same names fill the Council's minutes as councillors, officers, churchwardens and executors. The rent roll shows how far land, office and family overlapped on St Helena, and how the Company's annual rent day brought the island's leading households to the Castle to pay what they owed.

129

125

1772

Ground Rent, Free Land, Lease Land, £, s, d

Brought Over

Thomas Burnham: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 29, Lease Land 15, £ 5, s 4, d 0

William Beale: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 9¼, Lease Land 15¼, £ 4, s 5, d 6

Robert Ballard: Ground Rent 13/, Free Land 15½, Lease Land 0, £ 1, s 8, d 6

George Bird: Ground Rent 7/, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 17, d 0

James Colgrave: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 3, Lease Land 57½, £ 14, s 10, d 6

Ruth Colgrave: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 10¼, Lease Land 33¼, £ 8, s 19, d 0

Joseph Chamberlain's Exrs.: Ground Rent 15/, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0

Jonathan Doveton: Ground Rent 7/4, Free Land 128½, Lease Land 4, £ 8, s 6, d 1

Isaac Doveton 5 Ac. @ 4/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 78, Lease Land 25, £ 9, s 18, d 0

John Doveton's Exrs.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 86½, Lease Land 8, £ 6, s 6, d 6

James Desfountain 7¼ @ 2/6 p Ac. 13½ Ac. @ 1/6 p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 60, Lease Land 43½, £ 10, s 11, d 9

Sarah Desfountain 3 Ac. @ 4/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 33½, Lease Land 22, £ 7, s 0, d 6

John Desfountain 17¾ @ 1/6 p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 20, Lease Land 83¾, £ 19, s 10, d 11

Samuel Desfountain: Ground Rent 17/, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 17, d 0

Elizabeth Desfountain: Ground Rent 13/6, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 13, d 6

Henry Easthope: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 14, Lease Land 28, £ 7, s 14, d 0

James Easthope: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 11, Lease Land 8, £ 2, s 11, d 0

Sarah Fringe 3 Ac. @ 1/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 7, £ 1, s 3, d 0

Michael Frost: Ground Rent 15/, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0

Julio Fabiano: Ground Rent 15, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0

Richard Goodwin: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 49, Lease Land 27, £ 9, s 4, d 0

John Goodwin: Ground Rent 10/6, Free Land 67½, Lease Land 78, £ 10, s 18, d 0

James Greentree 38¼ Ac. @ 2/ p Ac. 26 Ac. @ 2/6 p Ac.: Ground Rent 25/3, Free Land 106½, Lease Land 137, £ 35, s 18, d 6

Robert Gosling 9 Ac. @ 1/6 p Ac. 13½ @ 2/ p Ac. 2¼ Ac. @ 1/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 23, Lease Land 27¼, £ 3, s 10, d 3

George Hayes: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 30, Lease Land 6½, £ 3, s 2, d 6

Margaret Harper: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 10, Lease Land 26, £ 7, s 0, d 0

William Hayes 6½ Ac. @ 1/6 p Ac. 23 Ac. @ 1/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 10/, Free Land 52¼, Lease Land 63¾, £ 11, s 8, d 9

Gab. Harper 6 Ac. @ 1/ p Ac. 4¾ @ 3/ p Ac. ¾ Ac. @ 2/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 40, Lease Land 11¼, £ 3, s 1, d 9

Elisha Jacks: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 25, Lease Land 5, £ 2, s 10, d 0

William Jenkins: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 16, £ 4, s 0, d 0

Martha Jacks: Ground Rent 16/, Free Land 0, Lease Land 0, £ 0, s 16, d 0

Gabriel Jacks: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 0, Lease Land 8, £ 2, s 0, d 0

Samuel Knipe: Ground Rent 0, Free Land 15, Lease Land 11½, £ 3, s 13, d 9

Carried Over

The rent roll continued as follows.

Thomas Burnham, free land 29 acres, leased land 16 acres, £5 4s 0d

William Beale, free land 9¼ acres, leased land 13¼ acres, £4 5s 6d

Robert Ballard, ground rent 13s, free land 13½ acres, £1 8s 6d

George Bird, ground rent 7s, £0 17s 0d

James Colgrave, free land 3 acres, leased land 57½ acres, £14 10s 6d

Ruth Colgrave, free land 10¼ acres, leased land 33¾ acres, £8 9s 0d

Executors of Joseph Chamberlain, ground rent 15s, £0 15s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, ground rent 7s 4d, free land 128½ acres, leased land 4 acres, £8 6s 1d

Isaac Doveton, 5 acres at 4s an acre, free land 78 acres, leased land 25 acres, £9 18s 0d

Executors of John Doveton, free land 86½ acres, leased land 8 acres, £6 6s 6d

James Desfontaine, 7¼ acres at 2s 6d and 13½ acres at 1s 6d an acre, free land 60 acres, leased land 43½ acres, £10 11s 9d

Sarah Desfontaine, ¾ acre at 4s an acre, free land 33½ acres, leased land 22 acres, £7 0s 6d

John Desfontaine, 13½ acres at 1s 6d an acre, free land 20 acres, leased land 83¾ acres, £19 10s 11d

Samuel Desfontaine, ground rent 17s, £0 17s 0d

Elizabeth Desfontaine, ground rent 13s 6d, £0 13s 6d

Henry Easthope, free land 14 acres, leased land 28 acres, £7 14s 0d

James Easthope, free land 11 acres, leased land 8 acres, £2 11s 0d

Sarah [...], 3 acres at 1s an acre, leased land 7 acres, £1 3s 0d

Michael Frost, ground rent 15s, £0 15s 0d

Julio Fabiano, ground rent 15s, £0 15s 0d

Richard Goodwin, free land 49 acres, leased land 27 acres, £9 4s 0d

John Goodwin, ground rent 10s 6d, free land 6½ acres, leased land 78 acres, £10 18s 0d

James Greentree, [...] acres at 4s and [...] acres at 2s 6d an acre, ground rent 25s 3d, free land 106½ acres, leased land 137 acres, £35 18s 6d

Robert Gosling, 3 acres at 1s 6d, 13½ acres at 2s and 2¾ acres at 1s an acre, free land 23 acres, leased land 27¼ acres, £3 10s 3d

George Hayes, free land 30 acres, leased land 6½ acres, £3 2s 6d

Margaret Harper, free land 10 acres, leased land 26 acres, £7 0s 0d

William Hayes, 6½ acres at 2s 6d and 23 acres at 1s an acre, ground rent 10s, free land 52¼ acres, leased land 63¾ acres, £11 8s 9d

Gabriel Harper, 6 acres at 1s, 4¾ acres at 3s and ½ acre at 2s an acre, free land 40 acres, leased land 11½ acres, £3 1s 9d

Elisha Jacks, free land 25 acres, leased land 5 acres, £2 10s 0d

William Jenkins, leased land 16 acres, £4 0s 0d

Martha Jacks, ground rent 16s, £0 16s 0d

Gabriel Jacks, leased land 8 acres, £2 0s 0d

Samuel Knipe, free land 15 acres, leased land 11½ acres, £3 18s 9d

The roll continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

The dead appear on the roll alongside the living. Ruth Colgrave died on 9 August 1772, and the executors of Joseph Chamberlain and John Doveton still answered for their land. Rent fell due on the holding, not the person. Until an estate was settled and its leases sold or passed on, the executors had to pay the Company. That is one reason the Council approved George Alexander's request on 7 September 1772 to sell Thomas Colgrave's leased land quickly.

William Jenkins, the former matross and baker, now paid £4 0s 0d for 16 acres of leased land. In May 1772 he had taken over eight acres in the South Division from John Bagley senior, and he had evidently doubled his holding since. A soldier dismissed from the bakehouse for short-weighting the garrison's bread had become a planter, renting land from the same government that had punished him.

130

126

30th September

Ground Rent, Lease Land, Free Land, £, s, d

Brought Over

Richard Knipe: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 15, Free Land 11¾, £ 3, s 13, d 9

Elizabeth Kennedy: Ground Rent 7/, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 0, s 17, d 0

Thomas Lacke: Ground Rent 12, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 0, s 12, d 0

Elizabeth Lambe: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 0, Free Land 10, £ 2, s 10, d 0

Benjamin Mason 31 Ac. @ 1/6 p Ac.: Ground Rent 13/8, Lease Land 42, Free Land 81¼, £ 18, s 10, d 5

Roderick Merchant: Ground Rent 22/6, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 1, s 2, d 6

Matthew Purling 13½ Ac. @ 1/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 78/2, Lease Land 103½, Free Land 69¾, £ 21, s 10, d 2

Elizth. Powell: Ground Rent 1/6, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 0, s 1, d 6

Richd. Powell: Ground Rent 1/6, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 0, s 1, d 6

John Price Ground @ 10/ p Ann. for 7 Mo.: Ground Rent 52/10, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 2, s 12, d 10

James Prichard: Ground Rent 22/, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 1, s 2, d 0

Sarah Prichard: Ground Rent 10/, Lease Land 1, Free Land 12, £ 3, s 11, d 0

John Preston: Ground Rent 15/, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 0, s 15, d 0

John Robinson 23½ @ 1/6 p Ac.: Ground Rent 8/, Lease Land 63¾, Free Land 68¾, £ 12, s 16, d 4½

John Seale 1/2 @ 2/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 0, Free Land 23, £ 4, s 13, d 0

Solomon F. Maurice: Ground Rent 50/, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 2, s 10, d 0

Wm. Seale 3½ @ 1/6 p Ac. 11½ Ac. @ 2/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 7, Free Land 41½, £ 9, s 10, d 9

Benjamin Seale 10¾ Ac. @ 2/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 0, Free Land 21, £ 3, s 2, d 0

George Seale: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 0, Free Land 7½, £ 1, s 17, d 6

Chs. Ross Stewart 6½ @ 1/6 p Ac. 2½ Ac. @ 3/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 35, Free Land 57½, £ 14, s 18, d 10½

Martha Scott: Ground Rent 12/5, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 0, s 12, d 5

Nathan Smyfull: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 25, Free Land 11, £ 4, s 0, d 0

John Scott 19½ @ 2/ p Ac.: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 0, Free Land 19½, £ 1, s 19, d 0

Society Ground Rent @ 4/ p Ann.: Ground Rent 4/, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 0, s 4, d 0

John Shirley: Ground Rent 10/, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 0, s 10, d 0

Catharine Smyfull: Ground Rent 3/, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 0, s 3, d 0

James Tarbitt's Exrs.: Ground Rent 12/, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 0, s 12, d 0

John Worrall: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 31, Free Land 33, £ 9, s 16, d 0

John Worrall's Exrs.: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 0, Free Land 42½, £ 10, s 12, d 6

William Wrangham 3 Ac. @ 1/6 p Ac.: Ground Rent 26/8, Lease Land 183, Free Land 89, £ 32, s 4, d 0

John Whitchurch: Ground Rent 2/6, Lease Land 0, Free Land 0, £ 0, s 2, d 6

Simon Whaley: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 0, Free Land 6, £ 1, s 10, d 0

William Young 6½ Ac. @ 1/6 p Ac.: Ground Rent 5/, Lease Land 79½, Free Land 35½, £ 11, s 18, d 10½

Stephen Young: Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 19, Free Land 8½, £ 3, s 1, d 6

Ground Rent 0, Lease Land 2205½, Free Land 2311½, £ 628, s 7, d 0

The rent roll concluded as follows. On this page the clerk entered leased land before free land.

Richard Knipe, leased land 15 acres, free land 11¾ acres, £3 13s 9d

Elizabeth Kennedy, ground rent 17s, £0 17s 0d

Thomas Leale, ground rent 12s, £0 12s 0d

Elizabeth Lambe, free land 10 acres, £2 10s 0d

Benjamin Mason, 31 acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 13s 8d, leased land 42 acres, free land 85¼ acres, £18 10s 5d

Roderick Merchant, ground rent 22s 6d, £1 2s 6d

Matthew Purling, 13½ acres at 1s an acre, ground rent 28s 2d, leased land 103½ acres, free land 69¾ acres, £21 10s 2d

Elizabeth Pavell, ground rent 1s 6d, £0 1s 6d

Richard Pavell, ground rent 1s 6d, £0 1s 6d

John Price, ground at 1s a year, ground rent 52s 10d, £2 12s 10d

James Pritchard, ground rent 22s, £1 2s 0d

Sarah Pritchard, ground rent 10s, leased land 1 acre, free land 12 acres, £3 11s 0d

John Preston, ground rent 15s, £0 15s 0d

John Robinson, [...] acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 8s, leased land 63½ acres, free land 63¾ acres, £12 16s 1½d

John Seale, ½ acre at 2s an acre, free land 23 acres, £4 13s 0d

Solomon T. Maurice, ground rent 30s, £2 10s 0d

William Seale, 3½ acres at 1s 6d and 11½ acres at 2s an acre, leased land 7 acres, free land 31½ acres, £9 10s 9d

Benjamin Seale, 10¾ acres at 2s an acre, free land 21 acres, £3 2s 0d

George Seale, free land 7½ acres, £1 17s 6d

Charles Ross Stewart, 6½ acres at 6d and 2½ acres at 3s an acre, leased land 25 acres, free land 57½ acres, £14 18s 10½d

Martha Scott, ground rent 17s 5d, £0 12s 5d

Nathan Sampell, leased land 25 acres, free land 11 acres, £4 0s 0d

John Scott, [...] acres at 2s an acre, free land 19½ acres, £1 19s 0d

The Society, ground rent at 4s a year, £0 4s 0d

John Shatley, ground rent 10s, £0 10s 0d

Catherine Sampell, ground rent 3s, £0 3s 0d

Executors of James Tippet, ground rent 12s, £0 12s 0d

John Merrall, leased land 31 acres, free land 33 acres, £9 16s 0d

Executors of John Merrall, free land 42½ acres, £10 12s 6d

William Wrangham, 3 acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 26s 6d, leased land 183 acres, free land 89 acres, £32 4s 0d

John Whitchurch, ground rent 2s 6d, £0 2s 6d

Simon Whaley, free land 6 acres, £1 10s 0d

William Young, 6½ acres at 1s 6d an acre, ground rent 5s, leased land 79½ acres, free land 35½ acres, £11 18s 10½d

Stephen Young, leased land 19 acres, free land 8½ acres, £3 1s 6d

Total, leased land 2,205½ acres, free land 2,311½ acres, £628 7s 0d

Interpretations

The Company's own officers stood among the largest landholders on the roll. William Wrangham, the paymaster, held 272 acres and paid £32 4s 0d, more than any planter except Richard Bagley and James Greentree. Matthew Purling paid £21 10s 2d on 173 acres, Charles Ross Stewart, the adjutant, almost £15, and Benjamin Mason, the newly sworn sheriff, more than £18. The men who governed the island, kept its accounts and commanded its garrison also farmed a large share of its land. The Council that set rents and approved transfers of leases was largely made up of tenants, which helps explain why it treated every request to sell or pass on a lease so readily.

The total rent of £628 7s 0d for a year was small beside the Company's costs on the island. A single quarter's pay list ran to more than £4,000. The rents mattered less as income than as a record. The annual return of land, family and cattle, checked against the rent roll, told the Council who held what and confirmed that every acre still belonged to the Company.

131

127

1772

We this day appointed Mr. Robert Leech a Writer in

the Stores to fill up the Vacancy occasioned by the Death of Mr. Powell

Storekeeper, and the promotion of Mr. Jonathan Doveton to that

Appointment. Likewise John Young Steward in Leech's Stead. -

We this day Inlisted John Phillips to serve the Honorable

Company five Years as a Soldier. He being a Sightly Man gave him

Seven Pounds, seven shillings Bounty Money to buy him necessarys. -

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Monday the 5th day of October 1772

at the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and Signed, dated the 30 September 1772

Thursday the 1 Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Godfrey for England. -

The Landing Place being extremely dangerous & difficult

for Boats to Land at, and after landing the way very rugged and unsafe for

several Yards which has occasioned many accidents happening both to Boats

and People, and the said Place being constantly frequented and having

Examined the Place with the Engineer We thought it practicable to make

a proper and convenient Landing Place and in consequence gave Captain

Tippet Orders for to lay a Flight of Steps with Purbeck Stones bolted into

the Rock, with Iron Cramps. To Blow away and Level the rough part

On 30 September 1772 the Council appointed Robert Leech a writer in the stores. He filled the vacancy left by James Pavell's death and Jonathan Doveton's promotion to storekeeper. John Young replaced Leech as steward.

The Council also enlisted John Phillips that day to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. He was a fine-looking man, so the Board gave him a bounty of £7 7s 0d to buy what he needed. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minute.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 5 October 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 30 September 1772. The Company's ship Godfrey sailed for England on Thursday 1 October 1772.

The landing place was very dangerous and hard for boats to reach. Once ashore, people had to cross several yards of rough and unsafe ground. Boats and people had suffered many accidents there, and the place was in constant use. The Council inspected it with the engineer and judged that a proper and convenient landing place could be built. It therefore ordered Captain Tippet to lay a flight of steps of Purbeck stone fixed into the rock with iron cramps, and to blast away and level the rough ground. The order continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

Pavell's death set off a chain of promotions down the stores and the steward's office. Doveton became storekeeper, George Bazett assistant storekeeper and Robert Leech a writer in the stores, and John Young took over as steward. Leech had served as steward and overseen the bakehouse, so he knew the stores' business. Moving him up kept experience inside the department. The Council filled every post from men already on the island and asked London for no replacements.

The Purbeck stone for the landing steps was probably the slabs labourers had carried up from the wharf in the first quarter of 1772. The work had begun in June with stone blasters at the shore and a wall from the crane, before the Council gave its approval in July. Now the Council inspected the site itself and set out the full design. Hard, flat English stone, cramped to the volcanic rock with iron, would give boats and passengers a safe step ashore in the island's heavy swell.

132

128

5th October

and to Erect a strong Wall of ten feet thick laid with Lime Mortar to

the Northward to protect the said Steps from being Injured by the

Violence of the Surf. And in Order to secure the said Wall more effectually

gave Directions for throwing in large Rocks which were upon the

Spot to Windward of it. And also repair the Old Wall from the former

Landing Place to the Line which the Sea has made several considerable

Breaches in. -

The Water Course from length of time being filled up by

Rubbish washing down from the Hills and being of opinion that

in case of a Flood the same may Endanger the Back Buildings of

this Valley, as well as the Line and Ditch as happened in the Year

1756 We gave Orders for the said Run to be cleared out and a proper

Channel made to convey the said Run or any Body of Water

occasioned by heavy Rains into the Sea. -

We this day received the following Letter from Captain

Tippet. -

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.

Council of St. Helena

Gentlemen

I have the Honor to acquaint you that the

Workmen were chiefly employed during the last Quarter in bringing

onwards the Officers new Barracks, and making a convenient

Landing Place in James's Valley, which I have the agreable

pleasure to inform you are in great forwardness add to this

making a Preparation for the intended new Church & repairing

Banks's Guard Rooms. I intend with your permission Gentlemen

nothing hindering this Quarter completing the Officers new

Barracks & the Landing Place. Continue preparing for the new

Church, and repairing Damages done by the Surge to the Places

in James's Valley. -

I have the Honor to be

Gentlemen

Your most Obed. Servant

5 October 1772 (Signed)

James Tippet

The Council's order went on to direct a strong wall ten feet thick, laid in lime mortar, on the north side of the steps to shield them from the force of the surf. To make that wall secure, Tippet was to have the large rocks lying on the spot thrown in on its windward side. He was also to repair the old wall running from the former landing place to the Line, where the sea had broken through in several places.

Over time the watercourse had filled with rubbish washed down from the hills. The Council feared that a flood might threaten the buildings at the back of the valley, as well as the Line and its ditch, as had happened in 1756. It therefore ordered the stream to be cleared out and a proper channel cut to carry it, and any water from heavy rain, into the sea.

The Council received a letter from Captain James Tippet that day, dated 5 October 1772. Over the last quarter his workmen had been mainly employed in pressing on with the officers' new barracks and building a convenient landing place in James's Valley, which was now well advanced. They had also prepared for the planned new church and repaired the guard rooms at Banks's. With the Council's permission, he meant to spend the coming quarter finishing the officers' new barracks and the landing place, carrying on the preparations for the church and repairing the damage the surge had done along James's Valley.

Interpretations

The Council planned the landing place against the sea that had wrecked earlier works. A wall ten feet thick, with loose rocks heaped to windward to break the waves, was meant to take the force of the rollers before they reached the steps. Those swells came in without warning from storms far out in the South Atlantic. Tippet's letter records surge damage along the valley that same quarter, and the sea had already breached the old wall to the Line.

The order to clear the watercourse shows the Council acting on memory. The flood of 1756, sixteen years earlier, had damaged the Line and the town, and Tippet's letter of April 1772 described the island's floods as "rages". Rubbish washed down from the bare hills had gradually choked the channel. If the next heavy rain found it blocked, the water would spread through the back of Jamestown instead of running to the sea. Clearing it in the dry spring months was much cheaper than repairing the town after the next flood.

133

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1772

Having taken the above Letter into Consideration

We find that the Works carrying on at the Landing Place is agreable to

our Directions and have recommended to the Engineer that he would

expedite the same in Order to prevent any bad consequences arising

from the Surf which may be expected in about six Weeks or two Months.

And to proceed in finishing the Officers Barracks. To continue the

preparation for the new Church, but to defer repairing the Damages done

the Glacis by the Surf until he receives further Orders from the Board. -

We this day Inlisted Thomas Barnes Seaman left

here out of Ship Godfrey to serve the Honorable Company five Years as a

Soldier, he being a sightly Man, gave him Five Pounds Bounty Money

to buy him Necessary's. -

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The Council considered Tippet's letter and found that the work at the landing place followed its instructions. It urged the engineer to hurry the work, so that the surf expected in about six weeks to two months would do no harm. He was to go on finishing the officers' barracks and preparing for the new church. He was to put off repairing the damage the surf had done to the glacis until the Board gave further orders.

The Council enlisted Thomas Barnes that day to serve the Company as a soldier for five years. He was a seaman left behind on the island by the Godfrey. He was a fine-looking man, so the Board gave him a bounty of £5 0s 0d to buy what he needed. John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minute.

Interpretations

Tippet had proposed spending the quarter repairing the surf damage along James's Valley as well as finishing the landing place. The Council approved everything except that repair, and its minute shows why. The heavy rollers were expected in six to eight weeks. Any labour spent mending the glacis now would be wasted if the next surf broke it down again, and it would take men from the landing place, which had to be finished before the swell arrived. The Council put every available hand on the work that the sea most threatened and left the glacis until the season of rollers had passed.

The glacis was the sloping bank of earth or masonry in front of the Line. It was built so that attackers advancing from the shore would be fully exposed to the fire of the guns above. Leaving its repair until later accepted a weakness in the town's sea defences for a few months. In time of peace, with the threat from the sea itself more immediate than any enemy, the Council judged that risk acceptable.

Thomas Barnes appears on the Godfrey's muster roll as a boatswain's mate. A seaman of that rating was worth the £5 0s 0d bounty to the garrison.

134

130

12th October

At a Consultation held on Monday the 12th day of October 1772 at the

Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the 5th Oct. 1772

This Day Arrived the Colebrooke's Boat at Banks's at Nine o'Clock in

the Afternoon. -

Do. Do. The Honble. Company's Ship Colebrooke from Bengal

(last from the Cape) and brought Us the following

Supply's. -

Invoice of Ship Colebrooke

Rice Stone 60 Bags wt. B. Mds. 120 @ 2 . 2 p Md.

259 . 3 . 3

Paddy 15 Bags wt. Srs. 22 . 20 @ 14 p Md.

19 . 11

Wax Candles 4 Chests wt. 8 @ 70 p Md.

560

Batavia Arrack

1 Leagr. & 2 Hhds. @ Ar. 270 p Leagr.

486

1 Third Leagr. @ 135 p Leagr.

135

621

1459 . 14 . 3

Charges Merchandize

150 Gunny Bags @ Ar. 14 p %

22 . 10 . 9

6 Jute Twine @ 5 p Md.

12

10 Jute Rope @ 3 . 8 p Md.

14

4 Mango Plank Chests @ 2 . 8 p ea.

10 . 12 . 9

Nails

3 . 9

3 Pr. Gunnahs of 16 Cubits @ 27 p Co.

4 . 6

40 Reed Matts @ 10 p %

4 . 5 . 3

Boon

2 . 2 . 6

Cooleyhire

9 . 8

Weighmen

15

Packermen

1 . 5

Coopers Work

2 . 2 . 6

Dust

1 . 3

Godown hire

216

Boathire

4 . 5 . 3

281 . 9 . 9

Carried Over Current Rupees

1741 . 8

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 12 October 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 5 October 1772. That afternoon the boat of the Colebrooke came ashore at Banks's, and the Company's ship Colebrooke arrived from Bengal, last from the Cape.

The Colebrooke brought supplies for the island, listed in her invoice.

Fine rice, 60 bags, weighing 120 bazaar maunds, at 2 rupees 2 annas a factory maund, 259 rupees 3 annas 3 pies

Paddy, 15 bags, weighing 22 factory maunds 20 seers, at 14 annas a factory maund, 19 rupees 11 annas

Wax candles, 4 chests, weighing 8 factory maunds, at 70 rupees a factory maund, 560 rupees

Batavia arrack, 1 leaguer and 2 halves, at 270 rupees a leaguer, 486 rupees

Batavia arrack, 1 [...] leaguer, at 135 rupees a leaguer, 135 rupees

Batavia arrack, total, 631 rupees

Goods, total, 1,459 rupees 14 annas 3 pies

Charges on the goods:

Gunny bags, 150, at 15 rupees a hundred, 22 rupees 10 annas 9 pies

Jute twine, 6 seers, at 5 rupees a factory maund, 12 annas

Jute rope, 10 seers, at 3 rupees 8 annas a factory maund, 14 annas

Mango-wood chests, 4, at 2 rupees 8 annas each, 10 rupees 12 annas 9 pies

Nails, 3 annas 9 pies

Garrah cloth, 3 pieces of 16 cubits, at 27 rupees a score, 4 rupees 6 annas

Reed mats, 40, at 10 rupees a hundred, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pies

Messenger, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies

Hire of porters, 9 rupees 8 annas

Weighmen, 15 annas

Packers, 1 rupee 5 annas

Coopers' work, 2 rupees 2 annas 6 pies

Duty, 1 rupee 3 annas

Sloop hire, 216 rupees

Boat hire, 4 rupees 5 annas 3 pies

Charges, total, 281 rupees 9 annas 9 pies

Carried forward, 1,741 rupees 8 annas

Interpretations

Batavia arrack cost 270 rupees a leaguer in the Colebrooke's invoice. The Morse and Sykes invoices earlier in the season charged 180, a rise of half. The arrack also came in odd casks, one full leaguer, two half-leaguers and a separate cask at a lower rate, rather than the usual two full leaguers. Calcutta had evidently struggled to find Batavia arrack late in the season and bought what it could at a higher price. The sloop hire was also much higher than the usual 135 rupees, perhaps because a late-season passage down the river cost more or the cargo needed more trips. The island paid whatever Bengal had to pay, and supplies arriving out of season came at a premium.

135

131

1772

Brought Over Current Rupees

1741 . 8

1 Pipe Madeira Wine

247 . 12 . 3

1 Pipe Vidonia Do.

85 . 10 . 9

333 . 7

Charges Merchandize

Godown hire

25

Boathire

11 . 6

Cooleyhire

1 . 8

27 . 3 . 6

Current Rupees 2102 . 2 . 6

Errors Excepted

(Signed)

J. Darell

Sub. Accompt.

The Plantation Account for the Quarter, and the Expence

of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the Month of September last were

this Day laid before Us, which were examined, approved of, and are as follow

viz. -

The invoice of the Colebrooke concluded with her wine and the charges on it.

Brought forward, 1,741 rupees 8 annas

Madeira wine, 1 pipe, 247 rupees 12 annas 3 pies

Vidonia wine, 1 pipe, 85 rupees 10 annas 9 pies

Wine, total, 333 rupees 7 annas

Charges on the wine:

Sloop hire, 25 rupees

Boat hire, 11 annas 6 pies

Hire of porters, 1 rupee 8 annas

Charges, total, 27 rupees 3 annas 6 pies

Total in current rupees, 2,102 rupees 2 annas 6 pies

J. Darell signed the invoice as sub-accountant, subject to any errors.

The plantation account for the quarter was then laid before the Board, together with the accounts of artillery stores used and the steward's accounts for September 1772. The members examined and approved them. The accounts follow below.

136

132

12th October

Account of the Honorable Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c. from the 1st July to the 30th September 1772

Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Boars, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Barrows, Hogs Total, Horses Horses, Horses Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys

Remaining the 1st July: Neat Cattle Bulls 9, Neat Cattle Cows 101, Neat Cattle Calves 56, Neat Cattle Yearlings 17, Neat Cattle Heifers 25, Neat Cattle Steers 34, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 258, Sheep Ewes 200, Sheep Weathers 71, Sheep Lambs 22, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 303, Goats Ewes 100, Goats Weathers 25, Goats Kids 30, Goats Rams 7, Goats Total 162, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Boars 4, Hogs Pigs 18, Hogs Barrows 1, Hogs Total 27, Horses Horses 5, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 12, Poultry Fowls 45, Poultry Ducks 2, Poultry Turkeys 29

Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 17, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 17, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 98, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 98, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 28, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 28, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Pigs 16, Hogs Barrows 0, Hogs Total 16, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 67, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 24

Received: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 0, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 0, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 0, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 0, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 0, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Pigs 0, Hogs Barrows 0, Hogs Total 0, Horses Horses 1, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 1, Poultry Fowls 0, Poultry Ducks 5, Poultry Turkeys 0

Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 9, Neat Cattle Cows 101, Neat Cattle Calves 73, Neat Cattle Yearlings 17, Neat Cattle Heifers 25, Neat Cattle Steers 34, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 275, Sheep Ewes 200, Sheep Weathers 71, Sheep Lambs 120, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 401, Goats Ewes 100, Goats Weathers 25, Goats Kids 58, Goats Rams 7, Goats Total 190, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Boars 4, Hogs Pigs 34, Hogs Barrows 1, Hogs Total 43, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 13, Poultry Fowls 112, Poultry Ducks 7, Poultry Turkeys 53

Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 8, Neat Cattle Steers 3, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 11, Sheep Ewes 5, Sheep Weathers 52, Sheep Lambs 3, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 60, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 2, Goats Kids 4, Goats Rams 1, Goats Total 7, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Boars 3, Hogs Pigs 2, Hogs Barrows 0, Hogs Total 5, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 18, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 8

Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 5, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 9, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 14, Sheep Ewes 1, Sheep Weathers 5, Sheep Lambs 4, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 10, Goats Ewes 11, Goats Weathers 8, Goats Kids 7, Goats Rams 2, Goats Total 28, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Pigs 6, Hogs Barrows 0, Hogs Total 6, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 11, Poultry Ducks 2, Poultry Turkeys 2

Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 9, Neat Cattle Cows 101, Neat Cattle Calves 68, Neat Cattle Yearlings 17, Neat Cattle Heifers 17, Neat Cattle Steers 22, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 250, Sheep Ewes 194, Sheep Weathers 14, Sheep Lambs 113, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 331, Goats Ewes 89, Goats Weathers 15, Goats Kids 47, Goats Rams 4, Goats Total 155, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Pigs 26, Hogs Barrows 1, Hogs Total 32, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 13, Poultry Fowls 83, Poultry Ducks 5, Poultry Turkeys 43

Changed the Species: Neat Cattle Bulls 9, Neat Cattle Cows 108, Neat Cattle Calves 63, Neat Cattle Yearlings 25, Neat Cattle Heifers 9, Neat Cattle Steers 30, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 250, Sheep Ewes 202, Sheep Weathers 28, Sheep Lambs 91, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 331, Goats Ewes 98, Goats Weathers 26, Goats Kids 27, Goats Rams 4, Goats Total 155, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Boars 11, Hogs Pigs 16, Hogs Barrows 1, Hogs Total 32, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 13, Poultry Fowls 83, Poultry Ducks 5, Poultry Turkeys 43

Deceased Slave 1 Woman Named Peg Rich

Yam Expended for the Stock

10950

E. Excepted

(Signed)

Dan. Corneille

The Company's stock of cattle and other animals between 1 July and 30 September 1772 was as follows.

Cattle in hand at the start: bulls 9, cows 101, calves 56, yearlings 17, heifers 25, steers 34, oxen 16, total 258

Cattle added by birth: calves 17, total 17

Cattle in all: bulls 9, cows 101, calves 73, yearlings 17, heifers 25, steers 34, oxen 16, total 275

Cattle killed: heifers 8, steers 3, total 11

Cattle died: calves 5, steers 9, total 14

Cattle in hand at the end: bulls 9, cows 101, calves 68, yearlings 17, heifers 17, steers 22, oxen 16, total 250

Cattle regraded by age: bulls 9, cows 108, calves 63, yearlings 25, heifers 9, steers 30, oxen 16, total 250

Sheep in hand at the start: ewes 200, wethers 71, lambs 22, rams 10, total 303

Sheep added by birth: lambs 98, total 98

Sheep in all: ewes 200, wethers 71, lambs 120, rams 10, total 401

Sheep killed: ewes 5, wethers 52, lambs 3, rams 0, total 60

Sheep died: ewes 1, wethers 5, lambs 4, rams 0, total 10

Sheep in hand at the end: ewes 194, wethers 14, lambs 113, rams 10, total 331

Sheep regraded by age: ewes 202, wethers 28, lambs 91, rams 10, total 331

Goats in hand at the start: nannies 100, wethers 25, kids 30, billies 7, total 162

Goats added by birth: kids 28, total 28

Goats in all: nannies 100, wethers 25, kids 58, billies 7, total 190

Goats killed: nannies 0, wethers 2, kids 4, billies 1, total 7

Goats died: nannies 11, wethers 8, kids 7, billies 2, total 28

Goats in hand at the end: nannies 89, wethers 15, kids 47, billies 4, total 155

Goats regraded by age: nannies 98, wethers 26, kids 27, billies 4, total 155

Hogs in hand at the start: sows 4, boars 4, pigs 18, barrows 1, total 27

Hogs added by birth: pigs 16, total 16

Hogs in all: sows 4, boars 4, pigs 34, barrows 1, total 43

Hogs killed: sows 0, boars 3, pigs 2, barrows 0, total 5

Hogs died: pigs 6, total 6

Hogs in hand at the end: sows 4, boars 1, pigs 26, barrows 1, total 32

Hogs regraded by age: sows 4, boars 11, pigs 16, barrows 1, total 32

Horses in hand at the start: horses 5, mares 7, total 12

Horses received: horses 1, total 1

Horses in hand at the end: horses 6, mares 7, total 13

Poultry in hand at the start: fowls 45, ducks 2, turkeys 29

Poultry added: fowls 67, ducks 0, turkeys 24

Poultry received: ducks 5

Poultry in all: fowls 112, ducks 7, turkeys 53

Poultry killed: fowls 18, ducks 0, turkeys 8

Poultry died: fowls 11, ducks 2, turkeys 2

Poultry in hand at the end: fowls 83, ducks 5, turkeys 43

Slaves died: 1 woman named Peg Rich

Yams used for the stock, 10,950

Daniel Corneille signed the account, subject to any errors.

Interpretations

The flock produced 98 lambs in the quarter, against three in the quarter before. The southern spring runs from July to September, and the Company's ewes lambed then, so the island's lambing season fell when England's flocks were heading into autumn. The Company also killed 52 wethers, almost three-quarters of those it held at the start. Mutton fed the Governor's table and the ships calling in the quiet months, and the Company slaughtered its castrated males while keeping the breeding ewes.

The goats did badly, with 28 dying against seven killed, mostly nannies. The cold and wet of the late southern winter on the exposed pastures probably took the weakest animals. A single slave woman, Peg Rich, died in the quarter. The account gives no yams issued to the slaves this time, only to the stock, which suggests the slaves were living on the rice landed by the season's Bengal, Bombay and Madras ships.

137

133

1772

Artillery Stores Expended in September 1772

Guns fired, 18 Prs., 9 Prs., 6 Prs., 4 Prs., 1 Prs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz

2 Departed the Ships Deptford & Clive: Guns fired 18, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 14, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 30, Powder Expended oz 0

20 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8

Do. at Purlings Battery: Guns fired 2, 18 Prs. 2, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 12, Powder Expended oz 0

Arrived the Godfrey: Guns fired 9, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 5, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8

Powder for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 18 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 0, 1 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 125, Powder Expended oz 2

Total: Guns fired 35, 18 Prs. 2, 9 Prs. 8, 6 Prs. 19, 4 Prs. 4, 1 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 195, Powder Expended oz 2

Tallow

lb oz 12

Lead Ball

3 . 6

Powder Horns

No. 1

Handspikes

6

(Signed)

James Tippet Captn. of

Artillery

Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in

September 1772

44 Bottles Madeira

£ 4 . 8

16 Do. Port

1 . 4

16 Do. Lisbon

1 . 4

5 Do. Mountain

7 . 6

27 Do. Beer

5 . ¾

17½ Galls. Arrack

2 . 12 . 6

lb 102 Beef

1 . 5 . 6

258 Mutton

5 . 7 . 6

4 Turkeys

1

12 Fowls

18

48½ Butter

2 . 8 . 6

92 Candy

2 . 6

378 Flour

2 . 14 . 8

1 Lamb

10

Carried Over

£ 26 . 11 . ¾

The artillery stores used in September 1772 were as follows.

A salute of 18 guns, four 9-pounders and fourteen 6-pounders, using 30 lb of powder, marked the departure of the Deptford and the Clive on 2 September 1772.

20 September 1772, alarm, guns fired 6, 4-pounders 4, 1-pounders 2, powder 14 lb 8 oz

20 September 1772, alarm at Purling's Battery, guns fired 2, 18-pounders 2, powder 12 lb

A salute of 9 guns, four 9-pounders and five 6-pounders, using 13 lb 8 oz of powder, marked the arrival of the Godfrey the same day.

Powder for various services, 125 lb 2 oz

Total, guns fired 35, 18-pounders 2, 9-pounders 8, 6-pounders 19, 4-pounders 4, 1-pounders 2, powder 195 lb 2 oz

Tallow, 12 lb

Lead ball, 3 lb 6 oz

Powder horns, 1

Handspikes, 6

James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery. The supplies used at the Company's table in September 1772 began as follows.

Madeira, 44 bottles, £4 8s 0d

Port, 16 bottles, £1 4s 0d

Lisbon wine, 16 bottles, £1 4s 0d

Mountain wine, 5 bottles, £0 7s 6d

Beer, 27 bottles, £0 5s 0¾d

Arrack, 17½ gallons, £2 12s 6d

Beef, 102 lb, £1 5s 6d

Mutton, 258 lb, £5 7s 6d

Turkeys, 4, £1 0s 0d

Fowls, 12, £0 18s 0d

Butter, 48½ lb, £2 8s 6d

Sugar candy, 92 lb, £2 6s 0d

Flour, 378 lb, £2 14s 8d

Lamb, 1, £0 10s 0d

Carried forward, £26 11s 2¾d

Interpretations

September was the quietest month for the guns in the whole record, 35 fired in all, with only one ship arriving and two leaving. The homeward season had ended, and the island's batteries were mostly silent until the next fleet. The table drew 102 lb of beef and 48½ lb of butter from the Company's own stock. The herd strengthened by Cape cattle and the new dairy were now carrying the Governor's table through the off-season with fewer purchases from the planters.

138

134

12th October

Brought Over

£ 26 . 11 . 2¾

Bought for the Table

lb 145¼ Beef

3 . 6¼

11 Fowls

16 . 6

4 Ducks

6

1 Goose

5

1 Pig

5

£ 31 . 4 . 3

Mr. John Bagley Junr. this day presented

the following Petition. -

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

&c. Council of St. Helena. -

The humble Petition of John Bagley Junr.

Executor to the Orphans of Orlando Bagley Deceased. -

Sheweth

That the said Orphans has a Lease Expired for one

Acre of Land lying on Peak Gut, and as the said Land is of no use to

the Orphans aforesaid it being very Barren, Rocky & extremely

dangerous. Your Petitioner therefore requests that your Worship and

Council will be pleased to give him Liberty to Resign the said Lease.

And your Petitioner will ever pray

12 Oct. 1772

Granted

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The supplies bought in for the Company's table in September 1772 completed the account.

Brought forward, £26 11s 2¾d

Bought in for the table:

Beef, 135¼ lb, £3 0s 6¼d

Fowls, 11, £0 16s 6d

Ducks, 4, £0 6s 0d

Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d

Pig, 1, £0 5s 0d

Total, £31 4s 3d

John Bagley junior presented a petition to the Governor and Council on 12 October 1772, as executor acting for the orphans of the late Orlando Bagley. The orphans held a lease of one acre of land at Peak Gut. The ground was very barren, rocky and extremely dangerous, and was of no use to them. He therefore asked the Board's permission to surrender the lease. The Board agreed, and John Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the grant.

Interpretations

A Company lease bound the tenant to pay rent every year until it ran out. It could not be dropped because the land proved worthless, so the executor had to ask the Council's leave to hand it back. An acre of barren, dangerous ground at the head of a steep gut earned the orphans nothing and still cost them rent and the risk of losing stock over the edge. Surrendering it protected a small estate held in trust for children. The Council agreed at once, since the land was of no value to the Company either.

Orlando Bagley had been sworn in as churchwarden on 18 May 1772. By the rent day of 30 September his executors were answering for his land, so he had died within a few months of taking office and left young children. The minutes do not record his death.

139

135

19th October

At a Consultation held on Monday the 19th day of October 1772 at the

Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved, & signed dated the 12 Oct. 1772.

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that he has

been onboard the Ship Colebrooke to Muster her Company and enquire

for Deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows. -

Muster Roll of Ship Colebrooke

Arth. Moore Commander

Wm. Paxall Chief Mate

Richd. Edwards 2 Do.

John Coggan 3 Do.

Jno. Lind Sinnes 4 Do.

Arth. Dickens 5 Do.

Jno. Barrett Purser

Thos. Cooper Surgeon

Thos. Mather Mid. & Coxn.

Wm. Coy Midshipman

John Gow Do.

Martin Hartwell Do.

Jno. Reed Do.

Jno. McCollar Boatswain

Jno. Littlefield Carpenter

Wm. Baker Caulker

Jas. Burkettle Ships Stewd.

Jno. Jas. Bernard Surg. Mate

Edw. Miller Ships Cook

Wm. Jones Sailmaker

Anthy. Taylor Armourer

Wm. White Butcher

Danl. Bone Boats. 1 Mate

Jno. Jumps Boats. 2 Mate

Wm. Langley Carp. Do.

Jno. Cannon Quart. Mast.

Owen Liddle Do.

Jos. Barker Do.

Thos. Carmless Do.

Alex. Campbell Do.

Saml. Simmons Capt. Servt.

Philip Farrel Do.

Thos. Tantum Seaman

Isaac Barrow

Wm. Woodruffe

Wm. Nichols

Owen Fincham

Jno. Johnson

J. Ottaway

Friday Cacha

Robt. Oclade

Jno. Cook

Geo. Rowse

Paul Staveley

Jos. Jamison

Geo. Pope

Jno. Earl Seaman

Stephen Watson

Wm. Huggit

Robt. Miller

Edw. Peeling

Chs. Clase

Jno. Liddle

Jno. McAnally

Thos. Dellow

Hugh Mathern

Wm. Jackson

Jno. Barrett

Jno. Beatty

Henry Thomson

Saml. Lee

Jno. Offman

Chs. Bradshaw

Laurence Nolley

Wm. Carter

Jno. Roley

Richd. Bailey

Jas. McFarlen

Wm. Johnson

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 19 October 1772. Governor John Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett also present as members of Council. The members read, approved and signed the minutes of the meeting held on 12 October 1772.

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Colebrooke to muster her crew and search for deserters, and had found none. Her muster roll began as follows.

Arthur Moore, commander

William Pascall, chief mate

Richard Edwards, second mate

John Coggan, third mate

James Lloyd Jones, fourth mate

Ambrose Dickens, fifth mate

James Garrett, purser

Thomas Cooper, surgeon

Thomas Mather, midshipman and coxswain

William Cox, midshipman

John Gow, midshipman

Martin Shuttwell, midshipman

James Reed, midshipman

James McColla, boatswain

James Littlefield, carpenter

William Baker, caulker

James Shuttleworth, ship's steward

John James Brumby, surgeon's mate

Edward Miller, ship's cook

William Jones, sailmaker

Anthony Taylor, armourer

William White, butcher

Daniel Bond, boatswain's first mate

James Jones, boatswain's second mate

William Langley, carpenter's mate

John Cannon, quartermaster

Owen Liddle, quartermaster

Joseph Parker, quartermaster

Thomas Carnelius, quartermaster

Alexander Campbell, quartermaster

Samuel Simmons, captain's servant

Philip Farrel, captain's servant

Thomas Tandon, seaman

Isaac Barrow, seaman

William Woodruffe, seaman

William Nichols, seaman

Owen Fincham, seaman

John Johnson, seaman

J. Ottaway, seaman

Friday Cacho, seaman

Robert Eslade, seaman

John Cook, seaman

George Rocco, seaman

Paul Stavely, seaman

Joseph Jamison, seaman

George Ross, seaman

John Earl, seaman

Stephen Watson, seaman

William Hugget, seaman

Peter Miller, seaman

Edward Peeling, seaman

Charles Close, seaman

James Liddle, seaman

James McAnally, seaman

Thomas Dellow, seaman

Hugh Mathews, seaman

William Jackson, seaman

James Barrett, seaman

James Bett, seaman

Henry Thomson, seaman

Samuel Lee, seaman

James Offman, seaman

Charles Bradshaw, seaman

Lawrence Nolley, seaman

William Carter, seaman

James Roley, seaman

Richard Bailey, seaman

James McFarlan, seaman

William Johnson, seaman

The roll continues on the next leaf.

140

136

19th October

Anthy. Roberts Seaman

Robt. Adams

Jno. Williams

Thos. Simmons

Wm. Willson

Thos. Butler

Jno. Antunes

Mark Crawley

Wm. Duncan

Edw. Brown

Jno. Wilkes

Wm. Juniers Seaman

Wm. Bradley

Michl. Raymon

Jno. Bassett

Thos. Bowlers

Jno. Arne

Saml. Henry

Adjeah

Dolcroe

Judge

Mermed Seaman

Dochlaugh

Judge

Ruffick

Doones

Monnen

Deedee

Capam

Pierre Johns

Chammock

Ascash

Passengers

Sir John Strachan Baronet

Captain Cooke

Captain Hooke

Mr. Fitzgerald

Mr. Haddock

Mr. Searl

Mr. Foster

Mr. Claridow

(Signed)

Arthur Morris

The Storekeeper this day delivered the following

Account of Stores short received from Ship Colebrooke. -

Account of Stores short received from Ship Colebrooke. -

C. qr. lb 10 . 2 . 4 Rice

5 . 4 Paddy

10 Candles

Short weight Occasioned by wastage

No. 1 1 Leagr. Arrack Gages Galls. 143 wants to fill Galls. 10

2 1 Do. Do. Do. 142 Do. 8

285 18

18

Received 267 Gallons

The muster roll of the Colebrooke concluded as follows.

Anthony Roberts, seaman

Robert Adams, seaman

James Williams, seaman

Thomas Simmons, seaman

William Wilson, seaman

Thomas Butler, seaman

Francis Antones, seaman

Mark Crawley, seaman

William Duncan, seaman

Charles Brown, seaman

James Wilkes, seaman

William Janes, seaman

William Bradley, seaman

Richard Raymen, seaman

John Basset, seaman

Thomas Bowlace, seaman

John Rowe, seaman

Samuel Storey, seaman

Adgeeah, seaman

Dolicce, seaman

Judgee, seaman

Mahmud, seaman

Dochlaugh, seaman

Judgee, seaman

Ruffeck, seaman

Doona, seaman

Monnee, seaman

Deelee, seaman

Cassam, seaman

[...] Jabot, seaman

Rammoth, seaman

Ausuff, seaman

Passengers:

Sir John Strachan, baronet

Captain Cooke

Captain [...]

Mr Fitzgerald

Mr Haddock

Mr Searl

Mr Foster

Mr Claudon

Arthur Moore signed the roll as commander.

The storekeeper delivered an account that day of stores found short on delivery from the Colebrooke.

Rice, short weight from wastage, 10 cwt 2 qr 4 lb

Paddy, short weight from wastage, 5 cwt [...] 4 lb

Candles, short weight from wastage, [...] 10 lb

Arrack, leaguer number 1, 143 gallons, short of full by 10 gallons

Arrack, leaguer number 2, 142 gallons, short of full by 8 gallons

Arrack, total, 285 gallons, short of full by 18 gallons

Arrack received, 267 gallons

The account continues on the next leaf.

Interpretations

The last 13 men on the Colebrooke's roll, entered by single names such as Mahmud, Cassam, Ausuff and Judgee, were lascars. These were Indian seamen, many of them Muslims from Bengal, taken on at Calcutta to make up a crew short of hands. East Indiamen lost European sailors to sickness, desertion and the Navy's press gangs in Asian ports. A ship leaving Bengal late in the season had to fill her complement locally. The Company paid lascars far less than English seamen. Once the ship reached England, many were left in London to wait months, often in poverty, for a ship to take them home. None appeared on the rolls of the China ships that called earlier in the season.

141

137

1772

1 Pipe Vidonia Wine Gages Galls. 122 wants to fill Galls. 4

4

Received 118 Galls.

1 Pipe Madeira Gages Galls. 115 wants to fill Galls. 4

4

Recd. 111 Galls.

St. Helena (Signed)

19 Oct. 1772 Jona. Doveton Storekr.

We this day received the following Letter from Captain

Tippet. -

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.

Council of St. Helena. -

Gentlemen

I beg leave to acquaint you that after a strict

inspection made into the Construction and defects of the Glacis in this

Valley. I find that the Saliant Angle of the Ravelin projects to that

degree as to throw the advanced Angle of the Counterscarp and

consequently of the Glacis also too far into the wash of the Surf so that

every high Surge of Course (it being partly raised with Dirt Mortar)

weakens and carry's it off, and now the Angle is entirely broken down. -

My Opinion Gentlemen is that the most Eligible

method by which I could proceed would be to shorten the Ravelin by

taking one Gun from each face. Cutting off the Saliant Angle, and

filling it up Parallel to the Sea. Placing one Gun in the Centre of the

Front face by which means the Counterscarp being brought inwards

about eight or ten feet will give more space to the Glacis, the Angle of

which is at present only seven feet from the Saliant Angle, and on the

whole render the Work far more effectual. -

I have the Honor to be

Gentlemen

19 Oct. 1772 Your most Obedient Servant

(Signed) Ja. Tippet

Margin Notes:

This had been proposed to Coll. Mitchell in 1767 & was considered by him as eligible. Some more important works had been finished.

The account of stores found short from the Colebrooke concluded with her wine.

Vidonia wine, 1 pipe, 122 gallons, short of full by 4 gallons

Vidonia received, 118 gallons

Madeira wine, 1 pipe, 115 gallons, short of full by 4 gallons

Madeira received, 111 gallons

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 19 October 1772.

The Council received a letter from Captain James Tippet that day, dated 19 October 1772. He had made a close inspection of how the glacis in James's Valley was built and where it had failed. The point of the ravelin stuck out so far that it pushed the forward angle of the counterscarp, and with it the glacis, into the reach of the surf. Every heavy swell broke over it. The glacis had been partly raised with mud mortar, so the sea washed it away, and its angle was now completely beaten down.

Tippet proposed shortening the ravelin. One gun would be taken from each face, the point cut off and the ground filled in level with the sea front, with a single gun set in the middle of the new front face. That would draw the counterscarp back eight or ten feet and give the glacis more room. At present its angle stood only seven feet from the point of the ravelin. Tippet believed the change would make the whole work far more effective. A note in the margin records that the same plan had been put to Colonel [...] some years earlier, who had judged it sound, but more important works had to be finished first.

Interpretations

On 5 October 1772 the Council told Tippet to put off repairing the surf damage to the glacis. His letter two weeks later showed that patching it would have been wasted effort. The fault lay in the design of the defences. A ravelin was a triangular outwork set in front of the main wall, its point facing the enemy. In James's Valley the ravelin's point thrust the glacis out into the breaking waves. Whatever was rebuilt there would be washed away again by the next season's surf.

Tippet's solution traded firepower for durability. Losing one gun from each face and keeping one in the centre reduced the battery's guns, but it pulled the whole outwork back from the sea. The marginal note shows that the same change had been proposed before and set aside for other work. Tippet revived it now because the surf had made the cost of delay impossible to ignore.

142

138

19th October

Captain Tippet's Letter to Us of this days date

in consequence of our Orders to him to report the most effectual mode

of remedying the defect in the Saliant Angle of the Ditch continually

washed away by every high Surf from its advanced Situation to

the Sea. We therefore approve of the method he has pointed out to

remedy the said defect. Given him Orders to cut off the Saliant

Angle of the Ravelin as much as possible only allowing sufficient

space in the Face of the same to admit of two Guns instead of three

as it is in its present Construction which we are convinced will

effectually obviate all future damages to that part of Work and to

execute the same as soon as possible. -

We this day Granted the two following Sets of Bills

of Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors. -

One Set to Captain Henry Bazett for Fifty Pounds

payable to Miss Mary Bazett or Order.

And one Set to Captain Arthur Morris for Two

hundred Pounds payable to himself or Order, both at ninety days

sight. -

The Storekeeper this day brought in his

Collections and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter

commencing the 1st July and ending the 30 September last which

were examined and approved and are as follow. -

Captain Tippet had written his letter on the Council's orders, which asked him to report the best way to repair the point of the glacis. The surf kept washing it away because it jutted so far towards the sea. The Council approved the method he proposed. It ordered him to cut back the point of the ravelin as far as possible, leaving only enough room on each face for two guns instead of the present three. The Council was convinced this would prevent all future damage to that part of the works, and told him to carry it out as soon as possible.

The Council issued two sets of bills of exchange that day, drawn on the Court of Directors and payable 90 days after they were presented in London.

Captain Henry Bazett, payable to Miss Mary Bazett or her order, £50 0s 0d

Captain Arthur Moore, payable to himself or his order, £200 0s 0d

The storekeeper presented his record of sales, and the paymaster his accounts, for the quarter from 1 July to 30 September 1772. The Board examined and approved them. The accounts follow below.

143

139

1772

Collection of Goods Sold and Delivered out of the Honorable

Company's Ware Houses from the 1st July to the 30 September 1772. -

Sold at 10 p Cent

Sugar and Candy viz.

lb 7995 Sugar

116 . 11 . 10½

3972 Candy

73 . 10 . 9½

190 . 2 . 8

Flour viz.

lb 5107 Flour

42 . 11 . 2

C. qr. lb 348 . 2 . 16 Baked

325 . 5 . 4

367 . 16 . 6

Rice and Paddy viz.

C. qr. lb 100 . 2 . 16 Rice

41 . 1 . 10

8 . 2 . 8 Paddy

2 . 1 . 1

43 . 2 . 11

Candles lb 638½

81 . 2 . 10

Salt 6⅞ Bushels

1 . 1 . 5

Pepper lb 35½

1

Chelloes 22 Ps.

13 . 16 . 4

Blankets 19

6 . 7 . 8

Tea viz.

lb 233½ Bohea

7 . 15 . 8

50 Congo

3 . 8 . 9

54 Singlo

3 . 7 . 6

35 Cattys Hyson

13 . 12 . 6

28 . 4 . 5

Oil viz.

72⅞ Galls. Linseed

16 . 16 . 9¾

10 Do. Train

1 . 17 . 6

18 Bottles Florence

2 . 12 . 10½

20 . 17 . 2

Pease 28⅞ Bushels

7 . 1 . 11

Sope lb 1010½

29 . 9 . 5

Starch lb 70

2 . 5 . 9

Twine viz.

13 Sks. Twine

8 . 8

lb 5 Cotton wick

12 . 6

1 . 1 . 2

Carried Over

£ 793 . 9 . 7

The goods sold and issued from the Company's warehouses between 1 July and 30 September 1772 began as follows.

Sold at 10 per cent above cost:

Sugar, 7,993 lb, £116 11s 10½d

Sugar candy, 3,972 lb, £73 10s 9½d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £190 2s 8d

Flour, 3,107 lb, £42 11s 2d

Flour issued as baked bread, 348 cwt 2 qr 16 lb, £325 5s 4d

Flour, total, £367 16s 6d

Rice, 100 cwt 2 qr 16 lb, £41 1s 10d

Paddy, 8 cwt 2 qr 8 lb, £2 1s 1d

Rice and paddy, total, £43 2s 11d

Candles, 638½ lb, £81 2s 10d

Salt, 6⅞ bushels, £1 1s 5d

Pepper, 25½ lb, £1 0s 0d

Chelloes, 22 pieces, £13 16s 4d

Blankets, 19, £6 7s 8d

Bohea tea, 223½ lb, £7 15s 8d

Congou tea, 50 lb, £3 8s 9d

Singlo tea, 54 lb, £3 7s 6d

Hyson tea, 35 catties, £13 12s 6d

Tea, total, £28 4s 5d

Linseed oil, 72⅞ gallons, £16 16s 9¾d

Train oil, 10 gallons, £1 17s 6d

Florence oil, 18 bottles, £2 12s 10½d

Oil, total, £20 17s 2d

Peas, 28⅞ bushels, £7 1s 11d

Soap, 1,010½ lb, £29 9s 5d

Starch, 70 lb, £2 5s 9d

Twine, 19 skeins, £0 8s 8d

Cotton wick, [...] lb, £0 12s 6d

Twine and wick, total, £1 1s 2d

Carried forward, £793 9s 1d

Interpretations

Hyson, the finest green tea, sold 35 catties in the quarter against 13 in the three months before. The Earl of Elgin and the British King had each brought a box in canisters. Once the Court's order let every inhabitant buy at 10 per cent above cost, the best tea came within reach of planter households as well as officers. Baked bread issued to the garrison fell from about 442 hundredweight to about 349. With the main shipping season over and several time-expired soldiers gone home in June, there were fewer mouths to feed at the ration. The 60 recruits landed from the Lord Camden and Earl of Sandwich did not make up the difference.

144

140

19th October

Brought Over

£ 793 . 9 . 7

Beef and Pork viz.

1484 Ps. Beef

148 . 8

3689 Ps. Pork

368 . 18

517 . 6

Leather viz.

lb 229½ Sole

15 . 15 . 2

11 Calf Skins

6 . 9 . 3

22 . 4 . 5

Flannel 61 Yards

7 . 11 . 3

Shalloon 33⅛ Yds. Colord.

8 . 6

Thread viz.

lb 10 White Brown

3 . 13 . 4

9½ Colord.

1 . 10 . 10½

5 oz. Nuns No. 30

12 . 6

13 Do. 31

1 . 6 . 3

22 Do. 32

2 . 6 . 8½

9 . 9 . 8

Corks viz.

Gro. lb 30 . 7

3 . 14 . 6

½ Sheet

2

3 . 14 . 8

Hats viz.

6 Mens Fine

5 . 16 . 6

20 Boys

6 . 15

12 . 11 . 6

Lead lb 61 Small Shot

14

Long Ells 22 Yds. Blue

2 . 2 . 8

Grindstones 1 Small

2 . 11

Oars viz.

1 Large

6 . 9¾

8 Small

1 . 13 . ¼

1 . 19 . 10

Cordage lb 539

9 . 19 . 6

Canvas viz.

37½ Yds. English

2 . 4 . 6½

69½ Osnabrigs

2 . 3 . 6½

13 Ticklenburgs

13

5 . 1 . 1

Carried Over

£ 1394 . 13 . 1

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £793 9s 7d

Salt beef, 1,484 pieces, £148 8s 0d

Salt pork, 3,689 pieces, £368 18s 0d

Beef and pork, total, £517 6s 0d

Sole leather, 229¼ lb, £15 15s 2d

Calf skins, 11, £6 9s 3d

Leather, total, £22 4s 5d

Flannel, 61 yards, £7 11s 3d

Coloured shalloon, 33½ yards, £8 6s 0d

White and brown thread, 10 lb, £3 13s 4d

Coloured thread, 9¼ lb, £1 10s 10½d

Sewing thread, number 30, 5 [...], £0 12s 6d

Sewing thread, number 31, 15 [...], £1 6s 3d

Sewing thread, number 32, 33 [...], £2 6s 8½d

Thread, total, £9 9s 8d

Corks, [...] gross, £3 14s 6d

Short corks, ½ [...], £0 0s 2d

Corks, total, £3 14s 8d

Men's fine hats, 6, £5 16s 6d

Boys' hats, 30, £6 15s 0d

Hats, total, £12 11s 6d

Lead small shot, 61 lb, £0 14s 0d

Blue long ells, 22⅞ yards, £2 2s 8d

Small grindstone, 1, £0 2s 11d

Large oar, 1, £0 6s 9¾d

Small oars, 8, £1 13s 0¼d

Oars, total, £1 19s 10d

Rope, 533 lb, £9 19s 6d

English canvas, 37¼ yards, £2 4s 6½d

Osnaburg canvas, 49½ yards, £2 3s 6½d

Tecklenburg canvas, 13 yards, £0 13s 0d

Canvas, total, £5 1s 1d

Carried forward, £1,394 13s 1d

Interpretations

Flannel appears among the goods sold for the first time in the record, 61 yards in the quarter. It was a soft, loosely woven woollen cloth, used for undergarments, nightclothes and bedding. The quarter from July to September covered the late southern winter. Flannel sold then for warmth on the cold, damp uplands of the interior, where the planters lived. The same season accounts for the 30 boys' hats.

145

141

1772

Brought Over

£ 1394 . 13 . 1

Coffee lb 18

16 . 6

Shoes viz.

305 Pr. Mens Ordinary Shoes

78 . 3 . 1½

6 Do. Boys Do.

1 . 2

8 Do. Girls Calf Leather Do.

18

2 Do. Womens Do. Do.

5 . 10

1 Do. Mens fine Pumps

5 . 6

21 Do. Womens Calimanco Shoes

4 . 9 . 3

4 Do. Mens Channel Pumps

1 . 6 . 5

13 Do. Do. Fine Shoes

3 . 19 . 1½

90 . 9 . 3

Hosiers Ware viz.

12 Pr. Boys Stockings

1 . 8 . 2

3 Do. Girls Do.

6 . 6

14 Do. Mens India Cotton Do.

3 . 10 . 10

4 Do. Do. Madras Do.

1 . 13 . 6

7 Do. Do. Wove Do.

1 . 7 . 8½

5 Do. Do. Black Worsted Do.

1 . 16 . 3

12 Pr. Black Worsted Breeches

7 . 6

1 Pr. Scarlet Do.

15 . ½

128 Pr. Mens Ordy. Thread Stockings

20

40 . 4

Copper Money 200 Irish half Pence

8 . 4

Pitch & Tar viz.

lb 73½ Rozin

11

18 Turpentine

4 . 1

15 . 1

Iron Ware viz.

8 Small Frying Pans

19 . 7½

2 Large Do. Do.

9

1 Spike Gimblet

5

1 Small Do.

2½

17 Scythe Stones

3 . 10½

3 Pr. Bellows

12

2 Spades

8 . 3

4 Spring Rat Traps

6 . 8

1 Wire Do.

7 . 3½

12 Mouse Do.

7 . 6

Iron Ware Carried Over

£ 3 . 7 . 11½

Carried Over

£ 1527 . 6 . 3

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,394 13s 1d

Coffee, 18 lb, £0 16s 6d

Men's ordinary shoes, 305 pairs, £78 3s 1½d

Boys' shoes, 6 pairs, £1 2s 0d

Girls' calf leather shoes, 8 pairs, £0 18s 0d

Women's calf leather shoes, 2 pairs, £0 5s 10d

Men's fine pumps, 1 pair, £0 5s 6d

Women's calamanco shoes, 21 pairs, £4 9s 3d

Men's channel pumps, 4 pairs, £1 6s 5d

Men's fine shoes, 13 pairs, £3 19s 1½d

Shoes, total, £90 9s 3d

Boys' stockings, 12 pairs, £1 8s 2d

Girls' stockings, 3 pairs, £0 6s 6d

Men's India cotton stockings, 14 pairs, £3 10s 10d

Men's Madras stockings, 4 pairs, £1 13s 6d

Men's worsted stockings, 7 pairs, £1 7s 8½d

Men's black worsted stockings, 5 pairs, £1 16s 3d

Black worsted breeches, 12 pairs, £7 6s 0d

Scarlet worsted breeches, 1 pair, £0 15s 0½d

Men's ordinary thread stockings, 198 pairs, £20 0s 0d

Hosiery, total, £40 4s 0d

Copper money, 200 Irish halfpence, £0 8s 4d

Rosin, 75½ lb, £0 11s 0d

Turpentine, 18 lb, £0 4s 1d

Pitch and tar, total, £0 15s 1d

Small frying pans, 2, £0 19s 7½d

Large frying pans, 2, £0 9s 0d

Spike gimlet, 1, £0 0s 5d

Small gimlet, 1, £0 0s 2½d

Scythe stones, 17, £0 3s 10½d

Bellows, 3 pairs, £0 12s 0d

Spades, 2, £0 8s 3d

Spring rat traps, 4, £0 6s 8d

Wire rat trap, 1, £0 7s 3½d

Mousetraps, 12, £0 7s 6d

Ironware carried forward, £3 7s 11½d

Carried forward, £1,527 6s 3d

146

142

19th October

Brought Over

£ 1527 . 6 . 3

Iron Ware brought Over£ 3 . 7 . 11½

6 Chest Locks

18 . 6

2 Cart Do.

3 . ½

2 Stock Do.

6 . 2

2 Splinter Do.

1 . ½

2 Brass Closet Do.

12 . 2½

2 Iron rimd. Do. with Brass Knobs

13 . 9

1 Cupboard Do.

3 . 1¼

4 Pr. H L Hinges

13 . 7

7 Pr. Dovetail

4 . 6¼

9 Hand Hatchets

18

9 Files

5 . ½

2 Curry Combs & Brushes

3 . 10

3 Large Box Irons

1 . 9 . 3

1 Small Do.

6 . 11½

7 Pr. Sheep Sheers

11 . 8

1 Claw Hammer

1 . 8

1 Pr. Wool Cards

2 . 2

1 Bricklayers Trowel

1 . 6

lb 3 Tinned Tacks

4 . 5

2 Chaffing Dishes

10 . 11

1 Ash Helve

7½

2 Blank Keys

1 . 4½

1 Sail Needle

½

1 Packing Do.

2

2 Brass Boxes for Wheel Barrows

10

1 Iron Rubbish Riddle

8 . 3

2 Sheets Emery Paper

3

2 Do. Sand Do.

3

1 Axletree & Winch

3 . 10½

1 Garden Rake

2 . 6½

1 Set Jack Wheels

7 . 5

2 Jack Spits

12 . 8

1 Saucepan tinned Iron

12 . 4

1 Wood Ax

3 . 1

14 . 12 . 1

Carried Over

£ 1541 . 18 . 4

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,527 6s 3d

Ironware brought forward, £3 7s 11½d

Chest locks, 6, £0 18s 6d

Padlocks, 2, £0 3s 0½d

Stock locks, 2, £0 6s 2d

Spring locks, 2, £0 1s 0½d

Brass closet locks, 2, £0 12s 2½d

Iron rim locks with brass knobs, 2, £0 13s 9d

Cupboard lock, 1, £0 3s 1¼d

HL hinges, 4 pairs, £0 13s 7d

Dovetail hinges, 7 pairs, £0 4s 6¼d

Hand hatchets, 9, £0 18s 0d

Files, 9, £0 5s 0½d

Curry combs and brushes, 2, £0 3s 10d

Large box irons, 3, £1 9s 3d

Small box iron, 1, £0 6s 11½d

Sheep shears, 7 pairs, £0 11s 8d

Claw hammer, 1, £0 1s 8d

Wool cards, 1 pair, £0 2s 2d

Bricklayer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 6d

Tinned tacks, 3 thousand, £0 4s 5d

Chafing dishes, 2, £0 10s 11d

Ash helve, 1, £0 0s 7½d

Blank keys, 2, £0 1s 4½d

Sail needle, 1, £0 0s 0½d

Packing needle, 1, £0 0s 2d

Brass boxes for wheelbarrows, 2, £0 0s 10d

Iron rubbish riddle, 1, £0 8s 3d

Emery paper, 2 sheets, £0 0s 3d

Sandpaper, 2 sheets, £0 0s 3d

Axletree and winch, 1, £0 3s 10½d

Garden rake, 1, £0 2s 6½d

Jack wheels, 1 set, £0 7s 5d

Jack spits, 2, £0 12s 8d

Tinned iron saucepan, 1, £0 12s 4d

Wood axe, 1, £0 3s 1d

Ironware, total, £14 12s 1d

Carried forward, £1,541 18s 4d

Interpretations

The brass boxes for wheelbarrows were bearings, metal sleeves fitted into a wheel's hub so that it turned smoothly on its axle without wearing through the wood. A riddle was a large coarse sieve, here of iron, used to sort stones from soil or rubble on a building site. Both point to private building and garden work on the island alongside the Company's own works.

147

143

1772

Brought Over

£ 1541 . 18 . 4

Paint viz.

lb 343 Whiting

11 . 3¾

19 Bott. Blacking

10 . 8¼

89 White Lead mixd.

2 . 2 . 6

114 Do. Do. dry

1 . 18

37½ Ven. Red mixd.

16 . 3

2 Yellow Oaker Do.

1 . 1

11½ Do. Do. dry

3 . 7¾

97 Indico

9 . 5 . 11

9 Blue Smalt

17 . 3

2 Copperas

2 . 2

¼ Verdegrease

3 . 9¼

97 Stone Color

2 . 14 . 11¼

2 Blue Paint

3 . 1½

2 Brimstone

1 . 1½

½ Olive Color

11½

2 Blue Black

2 . ½

½ Allum

1½

19 . 17

Pewter viz.

24 Chamber Pots

3 . 14

7 Basons

1 . 5

1 Close Stool Pan

5 . 6

4 . 19 . 11

Glass Ware viz.

42 Sqrs. 6 by 8

13 . 1½

230 Do. 8 by 10

6 . 18 . 11½

35 Do. 10 by 12

1 . 15 . 8¾

5 Pint Decanters

9 . 9¾

7 Quart Do.

18 . 1¼

102 Wine Glasses

2 . 9 . 7

18 Water Do.

13 . 1½

4 Beer Do.

4

8 Tumblers

5

2 Candle Shades

13 . 11

15 . 1 . 4

Carried Over

£ 1581 . 16 . 7

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,541 18s 4d

Whiting, 343 lb, £0 11s 3¾d

Blacking, 19 papers, £0 10s 8¼d

White lead mixed in oil, 102 lb, £2 2s 6d

White lead, dry, 112 lb, £1 18s 0d

Venetian red mixed in oil, 37½ lb, £0 16s 3d

Yellow ochre mixed in oil, 2 lb, £0 1s 1d

Yellow ochre, dry, 6½ lb, £0 3s 7¾d

Indigo, 9 lb, £9 5s 11d

Blue smalts, 9 lb, £0 17s 3d

Copperas, 2 lb, £0 2s 2d

Verdigris, ¼ lb, £0 3s 9¾d

Stone-coloured paint, 97 lb, £2 14s 11¾d

Blue paint, 2 lb, £0 5s 1½d

Brimstone, 2 lb, £0 1s 1½d

Olive-coloured paint, ½ lb, £0 0s 11½d

Blue black, 2 lb, £0 2s 7½d

Alum, ½ lb, £0 0s 1½d

Paint, total, £19 17s 0d

Pewter chamber pots, 24, £3 14s 0d

Pewter basins, 7, £1 0s 5d

Pewter close-stool pan, 1, £0 5s 6d

Pewter, total, £4 19s 11d

Panes of glass, 6 by 8 inches, 42, £0 13s 1½d

Panes of glass, 8 by 10 inches, 230, £6 18s 11½d

Panes of glass, 10 by 12 inches, 35, £1 15s 8¾d

Pint decanters, 5, £0 9s 9¾d

Quart decanters, 7, £0 18s 1¼d

Wine glasses, 102, £2 9s 7d

Water glasses, 18, £0 13s 1½d

Beer glasses, 4, £0 4s 0d

Tumblers, 8, £0 5s 0d

Candle shades, 2, £0 13s 11d

Glassware, total, £15 1s 4d

Carried forward, £1,581 16s 7d

Interpretations

The stores sold more than 300 panes of window glass to private buyers in the quarter, at the same time as 408 panes went to the officers' barracks. Private houses in Jamestown and on the plantations were being glazed or reglazed after the winter storms. Glazed windows were becoming more common on the island now that planters could buy glass at 10 per cent above cost. A close-stool pan was the pewter pan fitted beneath the seat of a close stool, the enclosed chamber chair used in bedrooms before indoor sanitation.

148

144

19th October

Brought Over

£ 1581 . 16 . 7

Deals viz.

12 Single

1 . 7 . 4½

2 Double

7 . 6

3 Wainscot Boards

1 . 2

2 Elm Do.

9 . 5½

3 . 6 . 4

Bunting 6½ Yds. Red

5 . 3

Hooks & Lines viz.

850 No. 8

2 . 14 . 6½

150 9

4 . 9

25 10

5½

25 11

5¼

125 12

2 . 1

300 13

5 . 1½

350 15

2 . 8½

6400 16

1 . 17 . 4

4 very large

1 . 1

Hooks

156 No. 2

2 . 3 . 2½

114 3

1 . 19 . 9½

5 Log

5 . 5

6 Hambro

9

1 Lead Lash

1 . 6

Lines

10 . 12 . 5

Nails viz.

lb 23½ 2

1 . 2 . 6¼

24 3

1

99 4

3 . 8 . ½

88 6

2 . 15

21 10

10 . 11½

23 20

10 . ½

15 40

6 . 3

3 Spike

1 . ¾

6½ Glaz. Brads

12 . 4¼

10 . 6 . 3

Wheat C. qr. lb 3 . . 10

1 . 2 . 10

Iron Pots 2 Iron Kettles

2 . 7 . 11

Ticking 8 Yds. (Check Linen)

11 . 10

Carried Over

£ 1610 . 9 . 5

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,581 16s 7d

Single deals, 12, £1 7s 4½d

Double deals, 2, £0 7s 6d

Wainscot boards, 3, £1 2s 0d

Elm boards, 2, £0 9s 5½d

Timber, total, £3 6s 4d

Red bunting, 6½ yards, £0 5s 3d

Fish hooks, size 8, 850, £2 14s 6½d

Fish hooks, size 9, 150, £0 4s 9d

Fish hooks, size 10, 25, £0 0s 5½d

Fish hooks, size 11, 25, £0 0s 5¼d

Fish hooks, size 12, 125, £0 2s 1d

Fish hooks, size 13, 300, £0 5s 1¼d

Fish hooks, size 15, 350, £0 2s 8½d

Fish hooks, size 14, 6,400, £1 17s 4d

Fish hooks, very large, 4, £0 1s 1d

Fishing lines, size 2, 156, £2 8s 2½d

Fishing lines, size 3, 114, £1 19s 9½d

Log lines, 5, £0 5s 5d

Hamburg lines, 6, £0 9s 0d

Lead line, 1, £0 1s 6d

Hooks and lines, total, £10 12s 5d

Twopenny nails, 23½ lb, £1 2s 6¼d

Threepenny nails, 24 lb, £1 0s 0d

Fourpenny nails, 99 lb, £3 8s 0¾d

Sixpenny nails, 88 lb, £2 15s 0d

Tenpenny nails, 21 lb, £0 10s 11½d

Twentypenny nails, 23 lb, £0 10s 0¾d

Fortypenny nails, 15 lb, £0 6s 3d

Spikes, 3 lb, £0 1s 0¾d

Glaziers' brads, 6½ lb, £0 12s 4¼d

Nails, total, £10 6s 3d

Wheat, 3 cwt [...] 10 lb, £1 2s 10d

Iron pots and 2 iron kettles, £2 7s 11d

Checked linen ticking, 8½ yards, £0 11s 10d

Carried forward, £1,610 9s 5d

Interpretations

The stores sold more than 8,000 fish hooks and 270 fishing lines in the quarter, more than in any earlier period of the record. These months of late winter and spring had few ships in the road and little fresh meat to spare. The Company kept its cattle for the next season's fleet, so the inhabitants turned to the sea to feed their households.

149

145

1772

Brought Over

£ 1610 . 9 . 5

Cutlery Ware viz.

38 Fine Ivory Combs

3 . 17 . 9½

26 Ordinary Do.

1 . 12 . 6

21 Horn Do.

9 . ½

30 Buckling Do.

15

12 Green Handle Knives & Forks

2 . 3 . 6½

36 Stag Horn Do. & Do.

1 . 19 . 10½

8 Shoe Knives

3 . 2

6 Butchers Do.

3 . 9

1 Pruning Do.

1 . 4

12 Pr. Leather Garters

9

13 . 14 . 5

Earthen Ware viz.

8 Small Red Tea Pots

13 . 6

14 Do. Cream Color Do.

17 . 6

2 Large Do. Do.

5 . 5

6 Milk Pans

8 . 9

2 . 5 . 2

Haberdashery viz.

12 Sks. Silk

7 . 7

17 Do. Mohair

8 . 6

30 doz Mohair Coat Buttons

1 . 2 . 6

43 Do. Do. Breast Do.

16 . 1½

16½ Do. Gilt Coat Do.

17

3½ Do. Do. Breast Do.

2 . 7½

1 Do. Silver Plate Coat Do.

1 . 6

9 Do. Do. Breast Do.

2 . 3¼

2 Gro. White Waistcoat Do.

4 . 11

3½ Do. Shirt Do.

9 . 4½

29 Ps. Tape

18 . 1½

1 Ps. Carnation Do.

5

37 Yds. White Buckram

2 . 7 . 1¾

40¾ Yds. Broad Gold Lace

8 . 19 . 11¾

23½ Do. Narrow Do.

3 . 7 . 9

1 Pr. Gold Garters

7 . 11

1¾ Yds. Tabby

10 . 4½

1 Ps. Galloon

5 . 9¼

lb 2½ Whale Bone

16 . 6¼

22 . 7 . 1

Carried Over

£ 1648 . 16 . 1

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,610 9s 5d

Fine ivory combs, 38, £3 17s 9¾d

Ordinary combs, 26, £1 13s 6d

Horn combs, 21, £0 9s 0½d

Buckling combs, 30, £0 15s 0d

Green-handled knives and forks, 12, £2 3s 6½d

Stag-horn knives and forks, 36, £1 19s 10½d

Shoemakers' knives, 8, £0 3s 2d

Butchers' knives, 6, £0 3s 9d

Pruning knife, 1, £0 1s 4d

Leather garters, 12 pairs, £0 9s 0d

Cutlery, total, £13 14s 5d

Small red teapots, 8, £0 13s 6d

Small cream-coloured teapots, 14, £0 17s 6d

Large cream-coloured teapots, 2, £0 3s 5d

Milk pans, 6, £0 8s 9d

Earthenware, total, £2 3s 2d

Silk, 19 skeins, £0 7s 7d

Mohair thread, 17 skeins, £0 8s 6d

Mohair coat buttons, 30 dozen, £1 2s 6d

Mohair breast buttons, 43 dozen, £0 16s 1½d

Gilt coat buttons, 1½ dozen, £0 17s 0d

Gilt breast buttons, 3½ dozen, £0 2s 7½d

Silver-plated coat buttons, 1 dozen, £0 1s 6d

Silver-plated breast buttons, 2 dozen, £0 2s 5¼d

White waistcoat buttons, 2 gross, £0 4s 11d

Shirt buttons, 3½ gross, £0 9s 4½d

Tape, 29 pieces, £0 18s 1½d

Carnation tape, 1 piece, £0 0s 5d

White buckram, 37 yards, £2 7s 1¾d

Broad gold lace, 20¾ yards, £8 19s 11¾d

Narrow gold lace, 23½ yards, £3 7s 9d

Gold garters, 1 pair, £0 7s 11d

Tabby, 1¾ yards, £0 10s 4½d

Galloon, 1 piece, £0 5s 9¾d

Whalebone, 2½ lb, £0 16s 6¾d

Haberdashery, total, £22 7s 1d

Carried forward, £1,648 16s 1d

Interpretations

More than £12 went on gold lace in the quarter, broad and narrow. That was the trimming of officers' coats and hats. The garrison had gained a new lieutenant in April, Richard Powell, raised from cadet, and James Greentree was due to become first lieutenant when Thomas Lambert retired at the end of August. Each promotion called for a newly laced uniform, which the officer paid for himself from the Company's stores. Tabby was a heavy silk with a watered sheen, used for waistcoats and linings. Galloon was a narrow braid of silk, gold or silver thread used to edge clothing.

150

146

19th October

Brought Over

£ 1648 . 16 . 1

Turners Ware viz.

11 Shoe Brushes

9 . 2

5 Scrubing Do.

14 . 5½

1 Buckle Do.

7½

7 Paint Do.

3 . 7½

2 Cloth Do.

4 . 2

1 Punch Sieve

7½

6 Large Hair Do.

8 . 10½

6 Flaskets

18 . 2

3 Lab. Baskets

3 . 1½

1 Mop

1 . 4½

3 Wood Bowls

3 . 7½

6 Platters

8 . 7¼

4 Punch Ladles

2 . 6

12 Wood Do.

4 . 9

1 Small Plate Basket

6 . 10¼

7 Hair Brooms

1 . 1½

2 Butchers Trays

3 . 2½

5 . 14 . 1

Shirts viz.

152 Soldiers Shirts

38

3½ Yds. Brown Holland

3 . 12 . 4½

2¼ Ps. Irish Linen

3 . 12 . 5¼

1 Ps. Do. Diaper for Table Cloths

4 . 12 . 2

49 . 19

China Ware viz.

25 Bowls

18 . 9

81 Sneakers

1 . 3

18 half Pt. Cups & Saucers

10

1 Tureen & Dish

7 . 4

6 Baking Dishes

7 . 6

30 Octagon Soop Plates

16 . 3

2 Sallad Dishes

1 . 6

5 Juglets & Basons

11 . 3

6 Octagon Meat Dishes

13 . 7

4 Chamber Pots

9

3 Sets Octagon Dishes & Plates

3 . 6

9 . 1 . 5

Carried Over

£ 1713 . 10 . 7

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,648 16s 1d

Shoe brushes, 11, £0 9s 2d

Scrubbing brushes, 5, £0 14s 5½d

Buckle brush, 1, £0 0s 7½d

Paint brushes, 7, £0 3s 7½d

Clothes brushes, 2, £0 4s 2d

Punch sieve, 1, £0 0s 7½d

Large hair sieves, 6, £0 8s 10½d

Flaskets, 6, £0 18s 2d

Labourers' baskets, 3, £0 3s 1½d

Mop, 1, £0 1s 4½d

Wooden bowls, 3, £0 3s 7½d

Wooden platters, 6, £0 8s 7¼d

Punch ladles, 4, £0 2s 6d

Wooden ladles, 12, £0 4s 9d

Small plate basket, 1, £0 6s 10½d

Hair brooms, 7, £1 0s 1½d

Butchers' trays, 2, £0 3s 2½d

Turners' wares, total, £5 14s 1d

Soldiers' shirts, 132, £38 0s 0d

Brown holland, [...], £3 12s 4½d

Irish linen, 2¼ pieces, £3 13s 5¾d

Diaper for tablecloths, 1 piece, £4 12s 2d

Shirts and linen, total, £49 19s 0d

Bowls, 25, £0 18s 9d

Sneakers, 81, £1 0s 3d

Half-pint cups and saucers, 18, £0 10s 0d

Tureen and dish, 1, £0 7s 4d

Baking dishes, 6, £0 7s 6d

Octagonal soup plates, 30, £0 16s 3d

Salad dishes, 2, £0 1s 6d

Goglets and basins, 5, £0 11s 3d

Octagonal meat dishes, 6, £0 12s 7d

Chamber pots, 4, £0 9s 0d

Octagonal dishes and plates, 3 sets, £3 6s 0d

China, total, £9 1s 5d

Carried forward, £1,713 10s 7d

Interpretations

Diaper was a linen woven with a small repeating diamond pattern that caught the light. It was the standard cloth for table linen and napkins in a well-kept English household. A whole piece sold for more than £4, a sign of a family setting a formal table. The soldiers bought another 132 shirts in the quarter, the steady renewal of a garment that wore out fast on the island's work parties.

151

147

1772

Brought Over

£ 1713 . 10 . 7

Braziers Ware viz.

4 Pr. Steel Snuffers

13 . 2

1 Bottling Cock

4 . ½

2 Three Quart Tea Kettles

1 . 7 . 10½

1 Small Brass Skimmer

2 . 9

1 Double Handle Copper Saucepan

1 . 11 . 4¼

1 Small Do. Do.

15 . 11

1 Stewpan without a Cover

16 . 4

1 Pr. Low Royal Candlesticks

10 . 11

6 . 2 . 6

Broad Cloth viz.

2½ Yards Scarlet

2 . 18 . 8½

23½ Do. Black

21 . 14 . 11½

12¾ Do. Blue

12 . 19 . 10½

28½ Do. Light Blue

24 . 13 . 1½

22⅛ Do. White

19 . 13 . 6

26⅞ Do. Dark Brown

25 . 17 . 1½

4¼ Do. Light French Grey

4 . 11 . 5¼

1⅞ Do. Buff

1 . 11 . 9¾

2¾ Do. Scarlet Cassimere

1 . 8 . 9½

115 . 4 . 10

Serge viz.

7⅞ Yards Blue Duffle

9 . 12 . 1¾

2½ Do. Scarlet Do.

1 . ¼

4½ Do. Blue Serge

1 . 1½

7 Do. Scarlet Do.

2 . 4 . 5¾

1 Ps. 22 Do. Brown Fustian

4 . 19 . 9¾

1 Ps. White Do.

2 . 13 . 3

20½ Yards Green Serge

5 . 5 . 11

26 . 16 . 3

Saddlery viz.

12 Surcingles

1 . 18

16 Pr. Stirrup Leathers

2 . 5 . 4

16 Girths

2

7 Saddle Cloths

1 . 9 . 9

20 Cruppers

1 . 18 . 4

5 Half Curb Bridles

2 . 9 . 2

11 Snaffle Do.

3 . 15 . 7

15 . 16 . 2

Carried Over

£ 1877 . 10 . 4

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,713 10s 7d

Steel snuffers, 4 pairs, £0 13s 2d

Bottling cock, 1, £0 4s 0½d

Three-quart tea kettles, 2, £1 7s 10½d

Small brass skimmer, 1, £0 2s 9d

Double-handled copper saucepan, 1, £1 11s 11¼d

Small double-handled copper saucepan, 1, £0 15s 0d

Stewpan without a cover, 1, £0 16s 4d

Royal candlesticks, 1 pair, £0 10s 11d

Brass and copper wares, total, £6 2s 6d

Scarlet broadcloth, 2⅝ yards, £2 18s 8½d

Black broadcloth, 23½ yards, £21 14s 11½d

Blue broadcloth, 12½ yards, £12 12s 10½d

Light blue broadcloth, 24⅞ yards, £24 13s 11½d

White broadcloth, 22⅛ yards, £19 13s 6d

Dark brown broadcloth, 26⅞ yards, £25 17s 11½d

Light French grey broadcloth, 4⅝ yards, £4 11s 5¼d

Buff broadcloth, 1⅝ yards, £1 11s 9¾d

Scarlet cassimere, 2½ yards, £1 8s 9½d

Broadcloth, total, £115 4s 10d

Blue duffel, 7⅞ yards, £9 12s 1½d

Scarlet duffel, 2½ yards, £1 0s 1½d

Blue serge, 4½ yards, £1 0s 1½d

Scarlet serge, 7 yards, £2 4s 5½d

Brown fustian, 1 piece of 22 yards, £4 19s 9¾d

White fustian, 1 piece, £2 13s 3d

Green serge, 20½ yards, £5 5s 11d

Serge, duffel and fustian, total, £26 16s 3d

Surcingles, 12, £1 18s 0d

Stirrup leathers, 16 pairs, £2 5s 4d

Girths, 16, £2 0s 0d

Saddle cloths, 7, £1 9s 9d

Cruppers, 20, £1 18s 4d

Half-curb bridles, 5, £2 9s 2d

Snaffle bridles, 11, £3 15s 7d

Saddlery, total, £15 16s 2d

Carried forward, £1,877 10s 4d

Interpretations

Broadcloth sales came to £115 in the quarter, against less than £7 in the first three months of 1772. Fresh cloth from England had arrived in the Lord Camden and the Earl of Sandwich, and planters could now buy at 10 per cent above cost. Most of the cloth went in sober civilian colours, black, dark brown, light blue and white, for the coats and breeches of planters and officers out of uniform. Cassimere was a fine, lightweight twilled woollen. Duffel was a thick, coarse woollen with a raised nap, used for cloaks and greatcoats in the damp of the island's winter.

The saddlery, more than £15 in a single quarter, points to more riding horses on the island. Horses came from the Cape with the passing ships, and a planter living on the uplands needed one to reach Jamestown down the steep paths. A surcingle was a broad strap passed round a horse's body to hold a saddle cloth or pack in place. A crupper was a strap looped under the tail to stop the saddle sliding forward on the island's steep descents.

152

148

19th October

Brought Over

£ 1877 . 10 . 4

Tin Ware viz.

1 Hand Glass Lanthorn

6 . ¾

5 Pudding Pans

4 . 7

3 Cupping Do.

6 . 7½

3 Gallon Saucepans with Covers

11 . 3

10 Quart Do.

5 . 7½

24 Patty Pans

5 . ¼

1 Double Sheet Tin

9

1 . 19 . 11

Camblet viz.

2½ Yds. Scarlet

10 . 7½

½ Do. Green

2 . 5½

13 . 1

Long Cloth viz.

21½ Ps. No. 1

106 . 15 . 8

26 Ps. 2

76 . 7 . 6

32 Ps. 3

87 . 1 . 4

39 Ps. 4

63 . 7 . 6

23 Ps. 5

29 . 12 . 3

½ Ps. 9

7 . 3

½ Ps. L

2 . 13 . 11

½ Ps. W

13 . 10

366 . 19 . 3

Sailors Cloths viz.

11 Boys Jackets

3 . 4 . 10½

10 Pr. Do. Breeches

1 . 12 . 4½

18 Pr. Do. Drawers

1 . 2 . 6

2 Do. Shirts

6 . 2

11 Mens Jackets

4 . 2 . 6

1 Pr. Do. Breeches

4 . 1

11 Mens Checkd Shirts

1 . 19 . 7½

10 Pr. Do. Drawers

15 . 6½

13 . 8 . 8

Wine viz.

56 Galls. Port

19 . 16 . 8

28 Do. Mountain

9 . 18 . 4

112 Do. Vidonia

12 . 14 . 3

42 . 9 . 3

Carried Over

£ 2303 . 6

The record of goods sold continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,877 10s 4d

Hand-glass lantern, 1, £0 6s 0¾d

Pudding pans, 5, £0 4s 7d

Dripping pans, 3, £0 6s 7½d

Gallon saucepans with covers, 3, £0 11s 3d

Quart saucepans with covers, 10, £0 5s 7½d

Patty pans, 24, £0 5s 0¾d

Double sheet tin, 1, £0 0s 9d

Tinware, total, £1 19s 11d

Scarlet camlet, 2⅝ yards, £0 10s 7½d

Green camlet, ⅝ yard, £0 2s 5½d

Camlet, total, £0 13s 1d

Long cloth, number 1, 21½ pieces, £106 15s 8d

Long cloth, number 2, 26 pieces, £76 7s 6d

Long cloth, number 3, 32 pieces, £87 1s 4d

Long cloth, number 4, 39 pieces, £63 7s 6d

Long cloth, number 5, 23 pieces, £29 12s 3d

Long cloth, number 9, ½ piece, £0 7s 3d

Long cloth, marked L, ½ piece, £2 13s 11d

Long cloth, marked H, ½ piece, £0 13s 10d

Long cloth, total, £366 19s 3d

Boys' jackets, 11, £3 4s 10½d

Boys' breeches, 10 pairs, £1 13s 4½d

Boys' drawers, 18 pairs, £1 2s 6d

Boys' shirts, 2, £0 6s 2d

Men's jackets, 11, £4 2s 6d

Men's breeches, 1 pair, £0 4s 1d

Men's checked shirts, 11, £1 19s 7½d

Men's drawers, 10 pairs, £0 15s 6½d

Sailors' clothing, total, £13 8s 8d

Port, 56 gallons, £19 16s 8d

Mountain wine, 28 gallons, £9 18s 4d

Vidonia wine, 113 gallons, £12 14s 3d

Wine, total, £42 9s 3d

Carried forward, £2,303 0s 6d

Interpretations

Long cloth sold for almost £367 in the quarter, by far the largest item after salt meat. The Deptford had landed bales of Madras cloth in five grades only weeks before, and the islanders bought more than 140 pieces. The grade numbers ran from the finest, number 1, at about £5 a piece, down to number 5 at about £1 6s. Households bought the finer grades for shirts and linen and the coarser for servants' and slaves' clothing.

Vidonia from the Bengal ships sold at about 2s 3d a gallon, against about 7s for port. Dry Canary wine reached St Helena by way of Calcutta and gave the island a cheap table wine, far below the price of port shipped from Portugal. The ready-made sailors' clothing, jackets, breeches, drawers and checked shirts, was the slop clothing issued to seamen. It sold on the island to fishermen, boatmen and working men who wanted cheap, hard-wearing clothes.

153

149

1772

Brought Over

£ 2303 . 6

Beer 1 Hhd. Porter

3 . 5 . 9

Naval Stores lb 37 Gun Powder

2 . 17

Purbeck Stone 38½ feet

5 . 14 . 7

£ 2314 . 17 . 10

Sold at 40 p Cent

Sugar & Candy viz.

lb 302 Sugar

9 . 8 . 3

180 Candy

4 . 6 . 3

13 . 14 . 6

Sope lb 8

6

Flour lb 45

11 . 3

Blankets 6

2 . 11 . 6

Twine viz.

16 Skanes Twine

14 . ½

lb ½ Cotton wick

1 . 7½

15 . 8

Corks ¼ Gross

2 . 3

Flannel 27⅞ Yards

4 . 7 . 11

Hats 1 Mans fine

1 . 2 . 9

Paint viz.

lb 1 Blue Smalts

2 . 5¾

8 White Lead dry

3 . 7¼

6 . 1

Iron Ware viz.

9 Files

6 . 9

6 Splinter Locks

1 . 3

4 Pad Do.

7 . 10

lb ½ Tinnd. Tacks

1 . 5

2 Pr. Dovetail Hinges

1 . 8

2 doz Wood Screws

1

1 . 2 . 11

Nails viz.

lb 1 2

3 3

1 4

2 6

¼ Glaz. Brads

7 . 11

Carried Over

£ 25 . 8 . 9

The record of goods sold at 10 per cent above cost concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £2,303 0s 6d

Porter, 1 hogshead, £3 5s 9d

Gunpowder from the naval stores, 37 lb, £2 17s 0d

Purbeck stone, 38½ feet, £5 14s 7d

Total sold at 10 per cent, £2,314 7s 10d

The goods sold at 40 per cent above cost began as follows.

Sugar, 502 lb, £9 8s 3d

Sugar candy, 180 lb, £4 6s 3d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £13 14s 6d

Soap, 8 lb, £0 6s 0d

Flour, 43 lb, £0 11s 3d

Blankets, 6, £2 11s 6d

Twine, 16 skeins, £0 14s 0½d

Cotton wick, ½ lb, £0 1s 7¾d

Twine and wick, total, £0 15s 8d

Corks, ¾ gross, £0 2s 3d

Flannel, 27⅝ yards, £4 7s 11d

Men's fine hat, 1, £1 2s 9d

Blue smalts, 1 lb, £0 2s 5¾d

White lead, dry, 8 lb, £0 3s 7¼d

Paint, total, £0 6s 1d

Files, 9, £0 6s 9d

Spring locks, 6, £0 4s 3d

Padlocks, 4, £0 7s 10d

Tinned tacks, ½ thousand, £0 1s 5d

Dovetail hinges, 2 pairs, £0 1s 8d

Wood screws, 2 dozen, £0 1s 0d

Ironware, total, £1 2s 11d

Twopenny nails, 1 lb

Threepenny nails, 3 lb

Fourpenny nails, 1 lb

Sixpenny nails, 2 lb

Glaziers' brads, ¼ lb

Nails, total, £0 7s 11d

Carried forward, £25 8s 9d

Interpretations

Sales at the old 40 per cent rate went on after the Court's order of April 1772 put the island's inhabitants on 10 per cent. The order covered planters and other residents only. Buyers who were not inhabitants still paid the higher price: the officers and passengers of visiting ships, and foreign crews such as the Dutch ship's in August. The quantities in this list were small, a few blankets, a hat, a little sugar and flannel. They fit travellers buying for the voyage home rather than a household laying in stores.

Gunpowder and Purbeck stone appear among the goods sold to inhabitants. Powder was needed for shooting goats and for blasting on private land. The Purbeck stone was surplus from the slabs landed for the Company's works, sold for the steps and floors of private houses.

154

150

19th October

Brought Over

£ 25 . 8 . 9

Hosiers Ware viz.

11 Pr. Mens India Cotton Stockings

5 . 11 . 10

6 Pr. Do. Wove Do.

1 . 10 . 6

7 . 2 . 4

Shalloon viz.

1 Yd. Scarlet

3 . 8

7 Do. Colord.

17 . 10

1 . 1 . 6

Serge viz.

9½ Yds. Blue Duffle

4 . 4 . 4¾

7⅞ Do. Do. Serge

2 . 3 . ¼

6 . 7 . 5

China Ware viz.

4 Bowls

4

12 Sneakers

5

36 Round Soop Plates

1 . 4 . 6

1 . 13 . 6

Canvas 4 Yds. English

6 . 4

Candles lb 33

5 . 5 . 11

Glass ware 2 Sqrs. 10 by 12

2 . 8

Broad Cloth viz.

4⅞ Yds. Black

5 . 4 . 3¼

2¼ Do. Scarlet

3 . 4 . 2¾

6½ Do. Light Color

7 . ½

15 . 8 . 6

Hooks & Lines viz.

25 No. 9

25 15

Hooks

1 . 4¼

3 2

3 3

Lines

2 . 6¾

3 . 11

Earthen Ware viz.

2 large Cream Color Tea Pots

6 . 11

2 Do. Red Do.

8 . 6

15 . 5

Shoes viz.

1 Pr. Mens fine Pumps

7

2 Pr. Do. Shoes

15 . 8

5 Pr. Do. Channel Pumps

2 . 2 . 1

3 . 4 . 9

Carried Over

£ 67 . 1

The record of goods sold at 40 per cent above cost continued as follows.

Brought forward, £25 8s 9d

Men's India cotton stockings, 11 pairs, £5 11s 10d

Men's worsted stockings, 6 pairs, £1 10s 6d

Hosiery, total, £7 2s 4d

Scarlet shalloon, 1 yard, £0 3s 8d

Coloured shalloon, 7 yards, £0 17s 10d

Shalloon, total, £1 1s 6d

Blue duffel, 9½ yards, £4 4s 4¾d

Blue serge, 7⅞ yards, £2 3s 0¼d

Duffel and serge, total, £6 7s 5d

Bowls, 4, £0 4s 0d

Sneakers, 12, £0 5s 0d

Round soup plates, 36, £1 4s 6d

China, total, £1 13s 6d

English canvas, 4 yards, £0 6s 4d

Candles, 33 lb, £5 5s 11d

Panes of glass, 10 by 12 inches, 2, £0 2s 8d

Black broadcloth, 4⅝ yards, £5 4s 3¼d

Scarlet broadcloth, 2¾ yards, £3 4s 2¾d

Light-coloured broadcloth, 6½ yards, £7 0s 0¼d

Broadcloth, total, £15 8s 6d

Fish hooks, size 9, 25

Fish hooks, size 13, 25

Fish hooks, total, £0 1s 4¼d

Fishing lines, size 2, 3

Fishing lines, size 3, 3

Fishing lines, total, £0 2s 6¾d

Hooks and lines, total, £0 3s 11d

Large cream-coloured teapots, 2, £0 6s 11d

Large red teapots, 2, £0 8s 6d

Earthenware, total, £0 15s 5d

Men's fine pumps, 1 pair, £0 7s 0d

Men's fine shoes, 2 pairs, £0 15s 8d

Men's channel pumps, 5 pairs, £2 2s 1d

Shoes, total, £3 4s 9d

Carried forward, £67 1s 0d

Interpretations

The buyers at 40 per cent took good-quality goods: broadcloth for coats, India cotton stockings, fine shoes and pumps, a set of soup plates. That fits officers and passengers of the homeward ships buying clothing and table goods for the passage, not islanders stocking a household. The Company's stores at St Helena worked as a shop for travellers as well as for the island's own people. The higher margin on passing buyers added a little to the island's income without raising prices for its inhabitants.

155

151

1772

Brought Over

£ 67 . 1

Tin Ware viz.

1 Globe Lamp

11 . 10

3 Pudding Pans

3 . 6

12 Patty Do.

3 . 3

lb 3 Grained Tin

4 . 3

1 . 2 . 10

Turners Ware viz.

2 Paint Brushes

1 . 5

1 Large Plate Basket

11 . 4

1 Small Do. Do.

8 . 11

6 Mops

10 . 6

3 Punch Sieves

2 . 4

1 . 14 . 6

Sheets 2 Yds. Brown Holland

5 . 4

Braziers Ware 1 Three Quart Tea Kettle

15 . 11

Cutlery Ware viz.

2 Ordy. Ivory Combs

3 . 6

2 Pallet Knives

2 . 4

2 Buckling Combs

1 . 5

1 Horn Do.

4

7 . 7

£ 71 . 7 . 2

Sold to the Honble. Company's Ships from 1st July to the 30th Septemr.

1772. -

Paint viz.

lb 121 Red Lead

1 . 19 . 2

60 Ven. Red dry

17 . 6

110 Yellow Oaker Do.

1 . 13 . 4

4 Copperas

3 . 3

69 Bott. Blacking

2 . 11 . 9

42 Brimstone

10 . 6

50 White Lead dry

18 . 4

2 Verdigrease

13 . 2

1 Vermillion

7 . 10

6 Prussian Blue

12 . 3

10 . 11 . 6

Carried Over

£ 10 . 11 . 6

The record of goods sold at 40 per cent above cost concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £67 1s 0d

Globe lamp, 1, £0 11s 10d

Pudding pans, 3, £0 3s 6d

Patty pans, 12, £0 3s 3d

Grained tin, 3 lb, £0 4s 3d

Tinware, total, £1 2s 10d

Paint brushes, 2, £0 1s 5d

Large plate basket, 1, £0 11s 4d

Small plate basket, 1, £0 8s 11d

Mops, 6, £0 10s 6d

Punch sieves, 3, £0 2s 4d

Turners' wares, total, £1 14s 6d

Brown holland for shirts, 2 yards, £0 5s 4d

Three-quart tea kettle, 1, £0 15s 11d

Ordinary ivory combs, 2, £0 3s 6d

Palette knives, 2, £0 2s 4d

Buckling combs, 2, £0 1s 5d

Horn comb, 1, £0 0s 4d

Cutlery, total, £0 7s 7d

Total sold at 40 per cent, £71 7s 2d

The goods sold to the Company's ships between 1 July and 30 September 1772 began as follows.

Red lead, 121 lb, £1 19s 2d

Venetian red, dry, 60 lb, £0 17s 6d

Yellow ochre, dry, 110 lb, £1 13s 4d

Copperas, 4 lb, £0 5s 3d

Blacking, 69 papers, £2 11s 9d

Brimstone, 42 lb, £0 10s 6d

White lead, dry, 40 lb, £0 18s 4d

Verdigris, 2 lb, £0 13s 2d

Vermilion, 1 lb, £0 7s 10d

Prussian blue, [...], £0 12s 3d

Paint, total, £10 11s 6d

Carried forward, £10 11s 6d

Interpretations

Sales at 40 per cent came to £71 7s 2d for the quarter, small beside the £2,314 sold at 10 per cent to the island's own inhabitants. The higher rate now fell only on outsiders, and those outsiders were few in the months between the shipping seasons. The ships bought paint by the hundredweight, red lead, ochre, blacking and brimstone, to protect and smarten their hulls and rigging for the last stretch to England.

156

152

19th October

Brought Over

£ 10 . 11 . 6

Oil viz.

45 Galls. Linseed

12 . 17 . 11

17 Do. Train

4 . 16 . 10

17 . 14 . 9

Iron Ware viz.

210 Sail Needles

1 . 2 . 1

12 Bolt Rope Do.

2 . 3

4 Packing Do.

11

1 Small Frying Pan

2 . 9

lb 2½ Plate Iron

1 . 7

6 Sheets Sand Paper

1 . 2

½ Corn Emery

3

3 Pr. Dovetail Hinges

2 . 8

1 . 13 . 8

Twine 164 Skanes

7 . 3 . 6

Salt 5 Bushels

1 . 2 . 6

Canvas viz.

5 Ps. 22 Yds. English

15 . 16 . 3

103 Yds. Osnabrigs

5 . 13 . 11

21 . 12 . 2

China Ware 6 Baking Dishes

10 . 6

Pepper lb 2

1 . 6

Cordage viz.

lb 1430 Cordage

34 . 6 . 8

1 Cable wt. C. qr. lb 70 . 3 . 21

182 . 1 . 5

216 . 8 . 1

Iron lb 56

16 . 4

Nails viz.

lb 14 2

17 . 6

8 3

3 . 8

15 6

12 . 3

29 10

1 . 7

9 Scupper

7 . 3

8 Coopers Rivets

6 . 4

1 Glaz. Brads

2 . 4

60 Nails

2 . 4 . 3

5 . 19 . 2

Carried Over

£ 283 . 13 . 8

The record of goods sold to the Company's ships continued as follows.

Brought forward, £10 11s 6d

Linseed oil, 45 gallons, £12 17s 11d

Train oil, 17 gallons, £4 16s 10d

Oil, total, £17 14s 9d

Sail needles, 210, £1 2s 1d

Bolt-rope needles, 12, £0 2s 3d

Packing needles, 4, £0 0s 11d

Small frying pan, 1, £0 2s 9d

Plate iron, 2½ lb, £0 1s 7d

Sandpaper, 6 sheets, £0 1s 2d

Emery, ½ lb, £0 0s 3d

Dovetail hinges, 3 pairs, £0 2s 8d

Ironware, total, £1 13s 8d

Twine, 164 skeins, £7 3s 6d

Salt, 5 bushels, £1 2s 6d

English canvas, 5 pieces and 22 yards, £15 16s 3d

Osnaburg canvas, 103 yards, £5 15s 11d

Canvas, total, £21 12s 2d

Baking dishes, 6, £0 10s 6d

Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d

Rope, 1,430 lb, £34 6s 8d

Cable, 1, weighing 75 cwt 3 qr 21 lb, £182 1s 5d

Rope and cable, total, £216 8s 1d

Iron, 56 lb, £0 16s 4d

Twopenny nails, 14 lb, £0 17s 6d

Threepenny nails, 3 lb, £0 3s 8d

Sixpenny nails, 15 lb, £0 12s 3d

Tenpenny nails, 29 lb, £1 0s 7d

Spikes, 9 lb, £0 7s 3d

Coopers' rivets, 8, £0 6s 4d

Glaziers' brads, 1 lb, £0 2s 4d

Nails, 60 lb, £2 4s 3d

Nails, total, £5 19s 2d

Carried forward, £283 13s 8d

Interpretations

One ship bought a complete anchor cable weighing nearly four tons for £182 1s 5d. That single sale was worth more than everything else the ships bought from the stores in the quarter put together. A ship that lost her cable riding in the road, where heavy swells could part it or drag an anchor, could not sail safely without a replacement. St Helena kept spare cables in store for that reason. Having one ready let a damaged Indiaman sail on, where she might otherwise have been held at the island until a cable came out from England.

157

153

1772

Brought Over

£ 283 . 13 . 8

Pitch & Tar viz.

9 Barls. Pitch

15 . 1 . 6

3 Do. Tar

4 . 14 . 6

lb 61 Turpentine

17 . 10

20 . 13 . 10

Glass Ware 6 Sqrs. 10 by 12

8

Blankets 2

17 . 2

Tin Ware viz.

2 Single Sheets Tin

1

30 Lanthorn Leaves

8 . 9

9 . 9

Turners Ware viz.

6 Paint Brushes

4 . 5

2 Plast. Do.

2 . 10

7 . 3

Sugar lb 220

5 . 10

Beef & Pork viz.

17 Tierces Pork

149 . 15 . 8

3 Do. Beef

20 . 16

170 . 11 . 8

Hooks & Lines viz.

24 No. 2

24 Log

Lines

9 . 11

1 . 13 . 3

30 13 Hooks

8

2 . 3 . 10

Coals 2 Chaldron

6 . 13 . 6

Pease 1½ Bushel

19 . 10

£ 491 . 19 . 4

Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from

the 1st July to the 30th September 1772. -

Tea lb 6 Bohea

3 . 7

Candy lb 56

18 . 8

Groom & Gardener

Carried Over

£ 1 . 2 . 3

The record of goods sold to the Company's ships concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £283 13s 8d

Pitch, 9 barrels, £15 1s 6d

Tar, 3 barrels, £4 14s 6d

Turpentine, 61 lb, £0 17s 10d

Pitch and tar, total, £20 13s 10d

Panes of glass, 10 by 12 inches, 6, £0 8s 0d

Blankets, 2, £0 17s 2d

Single sheets of tin, 2, £0 1s 0d

Lantern leaves, 30, £0 8s 9d

Tinware, total, £0 9s 9d

Paint brushes, 6, £0 4s 5d

Plasterers' brushes, 2, £0 2s 10d

Turners' wares, total, £0 7s 3d

Sugar, 220 lb, £5 0s 10d

Salt pork, 17 tierces, £149 15s 8d

Salt beef, 2 tierces, £20 16s 0d

Beef and pork, total, £170 11s 8d

Fishing lines, size 2, 24, £0 9s 11d

Log lines, 24, £1 13s 3d

Fish hooks, size 13, 30, £0 0s 8d

Hooks and lines, total, £2 3s 10d

Coal, 2 chaldrons, £6 13s 6d

Peas, 1½ bushels, £0 19s 10d

Total sold to the Company's ships, £491 19s 4d

The stores issued for the Company's own use between 1 July and 30 September 1772, and charged to general expenses, began as follows.

Bohea tea for the groom and the gardener, 6 lb, £0 3s 7d

Sugar candy for the same, 36 lb, £0 18s 8d

Carried forward, £1 2s 3d

Interpretations

The island sold the ships 19 tierces of salt meat this quarter, worth more than £170. Between April and June the trade had run the other way, with the Council buying more than 3,000 pieces from homeward commanders to make up for short casks from England. The ships that called later, from Bombay, Madras and Bengal, came in with their own provisions running low, and by then the stores held enough salt meat to spare. The Council had bought cheaply from the China fleet in the spring and now sold to the India ships at a profit. The ships' purchases for the quarter came to almost £492, more than double the £208 of the quarter before, mainly because of the cable and the salt meat.

158

154

19th October

Brought Over

£ 1 . 2 . 3

Hooks & Lines viz.

36 No. 2 Lines

10 . 6

12 3 Do.

4

2 Log Do.

2

Govr. & Lieut. Govr. Fishermen

1 Knot Lash Castle

1 . 4

125 No. 8 Hooks

7 . 3½

50 12 Do.

9

100 15 Do.

8½

1 . 6 . 7

Twine viz.

4 Sks. Fishermen & Store Use

2 . 3½

lb ½ Cotton wick

6½

2 . 10

Haberdashery viz.

6 Sks. Silk

3 . 6

1 Yd. White Buckram

1 . 1½

4 Sks. Mohair

1 . 8

2 doz Mohair Coat Buttons

2

2½ Do. Do. Breast Do.

10¾

9 . 2

Lead viz.

lb 3 Sheet Fishermen

1 . 10½

3 Shot Castle

5½

2 . 4

Paint viz.

lb 72 Chalk Carpt. & Coopt. Shops

3

6 Indico

10 . 3½

4 Blue Smalts

6 . 8½

for Linen

1 . 4

Iron Ware viz.

2 Steel Drivers

5

1 Coopers Ax

3 . 10

Coopers Shop

57 lb Rod Iron Smiths Do.

11 . 10½

1 Chest Lock Store Use

3 . 1

10 Flour Emery

17 . 6½

7 Borax

14 . 1

2 Half round Wood Rasps

1 . 3

Smiths Do.

Iron Ware Carried Over

£ 2 . 1 . 8

Carried Over

£ 4 . 3 . 6

The stores issued for the Company's own use continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1 2s 3d

Fishing lines, size 2, for the fishermen of the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor, 36, £0 10s 6d

Fishing lines, size 3, for the same, 12, £0 4s 0d

Log lines for the fishermen, 2, £0 2s 0d

Sash line for the Castle, 1, £0 1s 4d

Fish hooks, size 8, 125, £0 7s 3½d

Fish hooks, size 12, 50, £0 0s 9d

Fish hooks, size 15, 100, £0 0s 8½d

Hooks and lines, total, £1 6s 7d

Twine for the fishermen and the storehouse, 4 skeins, £0 2s 3¾d

Cotton wick, ¼ lb, £0 0s 6¼d

Twine and wick, total, £0 2s 10d

Silk, 6 skeins, £0 3s 6d

White buckram, 1 yard, £0 1s 1½d

Mohair thread, 4 skeins, £0 1s 8d

Mohair coat buttons, 2 dozen, £0 2s 0d

Mohair breast buttons, 2½ dozen, £0 0s 10¾d

Haberdashery, total, £0 9s 2d

Sheet lead for the fishermen, [...] lb, £0 1s 10½d

Small shot for the Castle, [...] lb, £0 0s 5½d

Lead, total, £0 2s 4d

Chalk for the carpenters' and coopers' shops, 7 lb, £0 3s 0d

Indigo for the linen, [...] lb, £0 10s 3½d

Blue smalts for the linen, 4 lb, £0 6s 5¾d

Paint, total, £1 0s 4d

Steel drivers for the coopers' shop, 2, £0 5s 0d

Cooper's axe for the same, 1, £0 3s 10d

Rod iron for the smiths' shop, 57 lb, £0 11s 10½d

Chest lock for the storehouse, 1, £0 3s 1d

Flour of emery, 1 lb, £0 17s 6½d

Borax for the smiths, 1 lb, £0 14s 1d

Half-round wood rasps for the smiths, 2, £0 1s 3d

Ironware carried forward, £2 1s 8d

Carried forward, £4 3s 6d

159

155

1772

Brought Over

£ 4 . 3 . 6

Iron Ware brought Over£ 2 . 16 . 8

1 Large Melting Ladle

12 . 10

12 Files

6

6 Rubber Do.

1 . 15

Smiths Shop

2 Fine Wire Flour Sieves Castle

1 . 13

7 . 3 . 6

Oil 20½ Galls. Train Castle & Council

3 . 8 . 10

Arrack 83½ Galls. Sundrys Men Employed

in the Stores & Doctors Shop

13 . 13 . 11

Sope lb 50 for Linen

1 . 7 . 1

Cordage lb 111 Store Use & Crane Ropes

1 . 17

Bunting 1½ Yds. Red Carpent. Shop

11

Nails viz.

lb 12 3

7 . 6

9 6

5 . 2½

6 2

5 . 1½

2 10

9½

2 40

9

2 Dog

1 . 2½

Ladder Hill, Store Use and Coopers Shop

1 Glaz. Brads for Packet Boxes

1 . 8

12 Coopers Rivets Coopers Shop

6 . 6½

1 . 8 . 8

Candles viz.

lb 144 Castle

230 Council

30 Chaplain

25 Doctors Shop

4 Secretarys Office

433

49 . 12 . 4

Canvas viz.

18½ Yds. Osnabrigs

14 . 7½

5 Do. Ticklenburgs

4 . 5½

for Packets

19 . 1

Tin Ware viz.

3 Hand Glass Lanthorns Castle

1 . 7 . 6

lb 15½ Solder

13 . 9¼

½ Salamoniac

4 . 6

Tinning Furniture

1 Gallon Funnel

2

1 Horn Lanthorn

4 . 2½

Store Use

2 . 11

Carried Over

£ 86 . 7 . 11

The stores issued for the Company's own use continued as follows.

Brought forward, £4 3s 6d

Ironware brought forward, £2 16s 8d

Large melting ladle for the smiths' shop, 1, £0 12s 10d

Files for the same, 12, £0 6s 0d

Rubber files for the same, 6, £1 15s 0d

Fine wire flour sieves for the Castle, 2, £1 13s 0d

Ironware, total, £7 3s 6d

Train oil for the Castle and the Council, 20½ gallons, £3 8s 10d

Arrack for the men working in the stores and the doctor's shop, 83½ gallons, £13 13s 11d

Soap for washing linen, 50 lb, £1 7s 1d

Rope for the storehouse and the crane ropes, 111 lb, £1 17s 0d

Red bunting for the carpenters' shop, 1½ yards, £0 0s 11d

Threepenny nails for Ladder Hill, the storehouse and the coopers' shop, 12 lb, £0 7s 6d

Sixpenny nails for the same, 9 lb, £0 5s 0¾d

Twopenny nails for the same, 6 lb, £0 5s 1½d

Tenpenny nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 0s 9½d

Fortypenny nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 0s 9d

Dog nails for the same, 2 lb, £0 1s 3½d

Glaziers' brads for packet boxes, 1 lb, £0 1s 8d

Coopers' rivets for the coopers' shop, 12, £0 6s 6½d

Nails, total, £1 8s 8d

Candles for the Castle, 144 lb

Candles for the Council, 230 lb

Candles for the chaplain, 30 lb

Candles for the doctor's shop, 25 lb

Candles for the Secretary's office, 4 lb

Candles, total, 433 lb, £49 12s 4d

Osnaburg canvas for the packets, 18½ yards, £0 14s 7½d

Tecklenburg canvas for the packets, 5 yards, £0 4s 5½d

Canvas, total, £0 19s 1d

Hand-glass lanterns for the Castle, 5, £1 7s 6d

Solder for tinning the Castle's kitchen vessels, 15½ lb, £0 13s 9¾d

Sal ammoniac for the same, ½ lb, £0 4s 6d

Gallon funnel for the storehouse, 1, £0 2s 0d

Horn lantern for the same, 1, £0 4s 2½d

Tinware, total, £2 11s 11d

Carried forward, £86 7s 11d

Interpretations

The solder and sal ammoniac were for retinning the Castle's copper pots and pans. Copper cooking vessels were lined with a thin coat of tin, because acid food left standing in bare copper took up the metal and could poison those who ate it. The lining wore through with scouring and use and had to be renewed from time to time. The new copper saucepans and boiling pot bought for the Castle in the summer quarter now needed the same care. Candles for the Council took 230 lb, more than for the Castle itself. The Board met weekly through the winter, often into the evening, and had a heavy run of business that season, from the Stevenson case to the rent roll.

160

156

19th October

Brought Over

£ 86 . 7 . 11

Braziers Ware viz.

4 Flat Candlesticks

1 . 9

4 Pr. Steel Snuffers

13

Castle

1 Large Brass Cock

9 . 6

1 Do. Do. & Key

12 . 6

Stewdes

2 . 14 . 9

Coals 90 Bushels Smiths Shop

6 . 7 . 11

Deals viz.

7 Double

1 . 3 . 9¾

1 Single

1 . 11½

Stewdes

1 Elm Board Bake House

4 . 3½

1 . 10

Corks 18 Gro. Castle

1 . 13 . 2

Pitch & Tar viz.

lb 4 Pitch

6

14 Rozin

2 . 8

Castle

3 . 2

Starch lb 6½ for Linen

4 . 1

Hats 1 Mans fine

17 . 8

Serge 7½ Yds. Blue

1 . 11 . 3

Shalloon 4 Yds. Colord.

7 . 6

For the Crier of the Court of Justice

Grindstones viz.

6 Grindstones mounted

2 . 8 . 5

6 Glazd. Wheels Do.

1 . 16 . 7

Armourers Shop

4 . 5

Thread viz.

4 oz. Nuns No. 30

8 . 10

4 31

6 . 1

4 32

5

½ lb Colord.

1 . 6

Castle

1 . 1 . 5

Turners Ware viz.

3 Hair Brooms

5 . 10

6 Shoe Brushes

4 . 6

3 Flaskets

8 . 3¼

5 Scrubg. Brushes

16 . 1¾

2 Mops

2 . 6

Do.

1 . 17 . 3

Carried Over

£ 109 . 1 . 1

The stores issued for the Company's own use continued as follows.

Brought forward, £86 7s 11d

Flat candlesticks for the Castle, 4, £1 0s 9d

Steel snuffers for the Castle, 4 pairs, £0 12s 0d

Large brass cock for the stills, 1, £0 9s 6d

Large brass cock with a key for the stills, 1, £0 12s 6d

Brass and copper wares, total, £2 14s 9d

Coal for the smiths' shop, 90 bushels, £6 7s 11d

Double deals for the stills, 7, £1 3s 9¼d

Single deal for the stills, 1, £0 1s 11½d

Elm board for the bakehouse, 1, £0 4s 3½d

Timber, total, £1 10s 0d

Corks for the Castle, 18 gross, £1 13s 2d

Pitch for the Castle, 4 lb, £0 0s 6d

Rosin for the Castle, 14 lb, £0 2s 8d

Pitch and rosin, total, £0 3s 2d

Starch for the linen, 6¼ lb, £0 4s 1d

Man's fine hat for the crier of the Court of Justice, 1, £0 17s 8d

Blue serge for the same, 7½ yards, £1 11s 3d

Coloured shalloon for the same, 4 yards, £0 7s 6d

Mounted grindstones for the armourers' shop, 2, £2 8s 5d

Glazing wheels for the same, 6, £1 16s 7d

Grindstones, total, £4 5s 0d

Sewing thread, number 30, for the Castle, 4 [...], £0 8s 10d

Sewing thread, number 31, for the Castle, 4 [...], £0 6s 1d

Sewing thread, number 32, for the Castle, 4 [...], £0 5s 0d

Coloured thread for the Castle, ½ lb, £0 1s 6d

Thread, total, £1 1s 5d

Hair brooms, 3, £0 5s 10d

Shoe brushes, 6, £0 4s 6d

Flaskets, 3, £0 8s 3¼d

Scrubbing brushes, 5, £0 16s 1¾d

Mops, 2, £0 2s 6d

Turners' wares, total, £1 17s 3d

Carried forward, £109 1s 1d

Interpretations

The Company clothed the crier of the island's Court of Justice at its own expense, with a fine hat, blue serge and coloured shalloon for a coat and lining. The crier called the court to order and summoned parties and witnesses. A proper uniform gave the court the outward dignity of an English bench. The cost was charged to the Company's general expenses because on St Helena the court, like everything else, was part of the Company's government.

The armourers' shop received two mounted grindstones and six glazing wheels. A glazing wheel was a wooden wheel faced with leather and emery, used to polish metal to a bright finish. With Joseph Seager appointed armourer in April, the Company was equipping a proper workshop to keep the garrison's muskets, bayonets and swords in good order.

161

157

1772

Brought Over

£ 109 . 1 . 1

Scales & Weights 1 Pr. Scale Boards Store Use

3 . 19 . 8

Long Cloth viz.

2 Ps. No. 3

4 . 18 . 10

½ Ps. W

5

Castle

5 . 3 . 10

Glass Ware viz.

6 Beer Glasses

5 . 4½

4 Tumblers

2 . 2½

Do.

7 . 7

Sheets viz.

2 Ps. Diaper for Napkins

4 . 2 . 6

2 Ps. Do. for Table Cloths

8 . 17 . 9

Do.

13 . 3

Pewter viz.

1 Crane

17 . 4

2 Basons

5 . 2

1 Pint Pot

3

Store use

1 . 5 . 6

£ 132 . 17 . 11

Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1 July to the 30 September 1772. -

Nails viz.

lb 37½ 2

2 . 9 . 1½

20 3

15

45 4

1 . 8 . 1½

79 6

2 . 4 . 5½

17 10

7 . 9¼

17 20

6 . 8¾

14 40

5 . 3

66 Flooring Brads

1 . 13

7 Glazg. Do.

11 . 8½

Repairg. Plantation House & Lieut. Governors House in Long Wood

10 . 1 . 2

Turners Ware viz.

15 Paint Brushes

6 . 10½

4 Plast. Do.

4 . ½

10 . 11

Carried Over

£ 10 . 12 . 1

The stores issued for the Company's own use concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £109 1s 1d

Pair of scale boards for the storehouse, 1, £3 19s 8d

Long cloth, number 3, for the Castle, 2 pieces, £4 18s 10d

Long cloth, number 11, for the Castle, ½ piece, £0 5s 0d

Long cloth, total, £5 3s 10d

Beer glasses for the Castle, 6, £0 5s 4½d

Tumblers for the Castle, 4, £0 2s 2½d

Glassware, total, £0 7s 7d

Diaper for napkins, 2 pieces, £4 2s 6d

Diaper for tablecloths, 2 pieces, £8 17s 9d

Table linen, total, £13 0s 3d

Pewter [...] for the storehouse, 1, £0 17s 4d

Pewter basins for the same, 2, £0 5s 2d

Pewter pint pot for the same, 1, £0 3s 0d

Pewter, total, £1 5s 6d

Total charged to general expenses, £132 17s 11d

The stores issued for repairs between 1 July and 30 September 1772 began as follows.

Twopenny nails for repairing Plantation House and the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 37½ lb, £2 9s 1½d

Threepenny nails for the same, 20 lb, £0 15s 0d

Fourpenny nails for the same, 45 lb, £1 8s 1½d

Sixpenny nails for the same, 79 lb, £2 4s 5½d

Tenpenny nails for the same, 17 lb, £0 7s 9¾d

Twentypenny nails for the same, 17 lb, £0 6s 3¾d

Fortypenny nails for the same, 14 lb, £0 5s 3d

Flooring brads for the same, 66 lb, £1 13s 0d

Glaziers' brads for the same, 7 lb, £0 11s 8½d

Nails, total, £10 1s 2d

Paint brushes, 15, £0 6s 10½d

Plasterers' brushes, 4, £0 4s 0½d

Turners' wares, total, £0 10s 11d

Carried forward, £10 12s 1d

Interpretations

General charges for the quarter came to £132 17s 11d, almost as much as the £143 14s 4d of the busy homeward season. The Castle's table and household were re-equipped at the end of the season, with diaper for napkins and tablecloths, glassware and the retinning of the kitchen copper. The 66 lb of flooring brads sent to Longwood and Plantation House point to new floors being laid. The country houses of the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor were being repaired and improved in the dry months before the next fleet arrived.

162

158

19th October

Brought Over

£ 10 . 12 . 1

Iron Ware viz.

2 Plast. Trowels

3 . 4

2 Bricklayers Do.

2 . 8½

2 Iron Shovels

9 . 1

4 Blank Keys

2 . 6

lb 10 Plate Iron

3 . 9

4½ doz Wood Screws

1 . 6

3 Stock Locks

8 . 3½

1 Pr. H L Hinges

2 . 10¼

2 Cupboard Locks

5 . 6½

4 Pickaxes

14

1 Ash Helve

7

lb 2 Tinnd. Tacks

2

2 Plate Brass Locks

1 . 8 . 11

Repg. Plantation House & Lieut. Govr. Do. in Long Wood

4 . 5 . 1

Deals viz.

93 Single

9 . 8 . 1

15 Double

2 . 10 . 9¼

2 Ps. Riga Timber

5 . 14 . 4

4 Balks

1 . 15 . 4

1 Coffer

3 . 4

1½ Ps. Oak Plank

3 . 13 . 9¼

Do.

23 . 5 . 10

Oil 23 Galls. Linseed Do.

5 . 1 . 1

Iron lb 59 Do.

13 . 7

Leather 3 Calf Skins Repg. Chairs Castle

2 . 15

Shalloon 7 Yds. Colord. Do.

14 . 7

Lead lb 102 Sheet

1 . 1 . 3

Cordage lb 6

2

Lines 10 No. 4

3 . 10

Repairg. Lieut. Govrs. House in Long Wood

Paint viz.

lb 3 Blue Paint

6 . 11¼

92 Stone Color

2 . 9 . 10

34 Ven. Red mixd.

4 . 10½

202 Whiting

4 . 2¾

½ Prussian Blue

11 . 3½

80 White Lead mixd.

1 . 10

Do.

Paint Carried Over

£ 5 . 17 . 2

Carried Over

£ 48 . 14 . 10

The stores issued for repairs to Plantation House and the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood continued as follows.

Brought forward, £10 12s 1d

Plasterers' trowels, 2, £0 3s 4d

Bricklayers' trowels, 2, £0 2s 8½d

Iron shovels, 2, £0 9s 1d

Blank keys, 4, £0 2s 6d

Plate iron, 10 lb, £0 3s 9d

Wood screws, 1½ dozen, £0 1s 6d

Stock locks, 3, £0 8s 3¾d

HL hinges, 1 pair, £0 2s 10¼d

Cupboard locks, 2, £0 3s 6½d

Pickaxes, 4, £0 14s 0d

Ash helve, 1, £0 0s 7d

Tinned tacks, 1 thousand, £0 2s 0d

Plate brass locks, 2, £1 3s 11d

Ironware, total, £4 5s 1d

Single deals, 95, £9 8s 1d

Double deals, 15, £2 10s 9¼d

Riga timber, 2 pieces, £5 14s 4d

Balks, 4, £1 15s 4d

[...], 1, £0 3s 4d

Oak plank, 1½ pieces, £3 13s 9¾d

Timber, total, £23 5s 10d

Linseed oil, 23 gallons, £5 1s 1d

Iron, 89 lb, £0 13s 7d

Calf skins for covering chairs at the Castle, 3, £2 15s 0d

Coloured shalloon for the same, 7 yards, £0 14s 7d

Sheet lead for repairing the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 102 lb, £1 1s 3d

Rope for the same, 6 lb, £0 2s 0d

Lines, size 4, for the same, 10, £0 3s 10d

Blue paint, 3 lb, £0 6s 11¼d

Stone-coloured paint, 92 lb, £2 9s 10d

Venetian red mixed in oil, 34 lb, £0 4s 10½d

Whiting, 202 lb, £0 4s 2¾d

Prussian blue, ½ lb, £0 11s 3½d

White lead mixed in oil, 80 lb, £1 10s 0d

Paint carried forward, £5 17s 2d

Carried forward, £48 14s 10d

Interpretations

The repairs drew on heavy imported timber, not only the usual deals. Riga timber was pine from the Baltic port of Riga, shipped in long, squared balks prized for their strength, and oak plank came from England. Both were dear, the Riga timber alone costing almost £6, and they were used where the work had to bear weight: beams, floors and doorframes. The repairs at the Lieutenant Governor's house and Plantation House were evidently structural, not cosmetic.

The calf skins and shalloon were for re-covering chairs at the Castle. Leather was stretched over the seats and backs, and the shalloon lined or edged them. Furniture brought out from England had to be kept in repair on the island, since no upholsterer's goods could be bought locally.

163

159

1772

Brought Over

£ 48 . 14 . 10

Paint brought Over£ 5 . 17 . 2

1 Bott. Blacking

6

lb 3 Copperas

3

3 Umber

8

20 White Lead dry

5 . 10

Repg. Plant. House & Lieut. Govr. Do. in Long Wood

6 . 7 . 2

Glass Ware viz.

50 Sqrs. 8 by 10

1 . 7 . 1

35 Do. 6 by 8

9 . 6

Do.

1 . 16 . 7

£ 56 . 18 . 7

Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued

from 1st July to the 30th September 1772

Flour lb 1184

9 . 17 . 4

Oil 8 Bottles Florence

1 . 1 . 4

Salt 1½ Bushels

4 . 9

Arrack 60 Galls.

9 . 17 . 6

Sugar lb 263

3 . 5 . 9

Beef & Pork viz.

18 Ps. Beef

3 . 8 . 7½

18 Ps. Pork

2 . 15 . 1½

6 . 3 . 9

Spice viz.

lb 1 Mace

1 . 2 . 10

1 Cloves

16 . 2

2 Cinnamon

1 . 18 . 2

2 Nutmegs

1 . 5

5 . 2 . 2

Tea viz.

lb 3 Singlo

5 . 7

1 Bohea

8

2 Cattys Hyson

13 . 8

19 . 11

Coffee lb 25

1 . 1 . 10

Rice lb 233

17 . 3

Pepper lb 10

6

£ 38 . 16 . 7

The stores issued for repairs concluded as follows.

Brought forward, £48 14s 10d

Paint brought forward, £5 17s 2d

Blacking for repairing Plantation House and the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 1 paper, £0 0s 6d

Copperas for the same, [...] lb, £0 3s 0d

Umber for the same, [...] lb, £0 0s 8d

White lead, dry, for the same, [...] lb, £0 5s 10d

Paint, total, £6 7s 2d

Panes of glass, 8 by 10 inches, for the same, 50, £1 7s 1d

Panes of glass, 6 by 8 inches, for the same, 35, £0 9s 6d

Glassware, total, £1 16s 7d

Total charged to repairs, £56 18s 7d

The stores issued for diet between 1 July and 30 September 1772 were as follows.

Flour, 1,124 lb, £9 17s 4d

Florence oil, 8 bottles, £1 1s 4d

Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 4s 9d

Arrack, 60 gallons, £9 17s 6d

Sugar, 263 lb, £3 5s 9d

Salt beef, 18 pieces, £3 8s 7½d

Salt pork, 18 pieces, £2 15s 1½d

Beef and pork, total, £6 3s 9d

Mace, [...], £1 2s 10d

Cloves, [...], £0 16s 2d

Cinnamon, [...], £1 18s 2d

Nutmegs, [...], £1 5s 0d

Spice, total, £5 2s 2d

Singlo tea, [...] lb, £0 5s 7d

Bohea tea, [...] lb, £0 0s 8d

Hyson tea, 2 catties, £0 13s 8d

Tea, total, £0 19s 11d

Coffee, 25 lb, £1 1s 10d

Rice, [...] lb, £0 17s 3d

Pepper, [...] lb, £0 6s 0d

Total charged to diet, £38 16s 7d

Interpretations

Repairs cost £56 18s 7d for the quarter, against £17 in the three months before and almost nothing early in the year. The work on Plantation House and the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood was the largest building outlay on the Company's residences in the record.

Mace, cloves, cinnamon and nutmeg appear on the diet account for the first time. Nutmeg and mace came from the Banda Islands and cloves from the Moluccas, all under strict Dutch control. Cinnamon came from Ceylon, also held by the Dutch. The English Company could not buy them at source, and they reached St Helena second-hand, probably from Dutch ships such as the Pleyenburg, which called in August, or from the private trade of Company officers. At more than £5 for the quarter, these were costly luxuries for the Governor's table, used for puddings, punch and the spiced dishes of a well-kept English kitchen.

164

160

19th October

Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1 July to the 30 September 1772. -

Tea lb 82 Bohea Barracks & Guards

2 . 9 . 7

Oil viz.

68 Galls. Linseed

13 . 16 . 3

27 Do. Train

4 . 11 . 9

Do.

18 . 8

Deals viz.

6 Double

1 . 8½

9 Single

17 . 9½

for Cots & Coffins

1 . 18 . 2

Flour lb 165

1 . 7 . 6

Pork 373 Ps.

57 . 8 . 6

for Recruits & deficiency in weight in serving the Garrison

Nails viz.

lb 3 6

1 . 8½

65 3

2 . 8 . 9

3 4

1 . 10½

for Cots Coffins & Barracks & Guards

2 . 12 . 4

Turners Ware viz.

89 Wood Bowls

4 . 16 . 5

78 Platters

5 . 9

8 Wood Ladles

2 . 10

out Guards

10

Tin Ware viz.

43 Lamps

1 . 10 . 6

3 Horn Lanthorns

8 . 4

Do.

1 . 18 . 10

Iron Ware viz.

13 Large Frying Pans

3 . 2 . 7

5 Small Do.

9 . 8¼

7 Wood Axes

19 . 10

6 Sail Needles

1½

2 Sickles

1 . 11

1 Garden Hoe

1 . 3¼

Do.

4 . 15 . 5

Blankets 42

13 . 6

Arrack 1⅞ Galls. for Recruits

3 . 9

Candles lb 22 for Officers on Duty

2 . 16 . 3

Carried Over

£ 119 . 4 . 4

The stores issued to the garrison between 1 July and 30 September 1772 began as follows.

Bohea tea for the barracks and the guards, 87 lb, £2 9s 7d

Linseed oil for the same, 68 gallons, £13 16s 3d

Train oil for the same, 27 gallons, £4 11s 9d

Oil, total, £18 8s 0d

Double deals for cots and coffins, 6, £1 0s 8½d

Single deals for the same, 9, £0 17s 9½d

Deals, total, £1 18s 2d

Flour for recruits, 165 lb, £1 7s 6d

Pork found short in weight in issuing to the garrison, 373 pieces, £57 8s 6d

Sixpenny nails for cots, coffins, the barracks and the guards, 3 lb, £0 1s 8½d

Threepenny nails for the same, 65 lb, £2 8s 9d

Fourpenny nails for the same, 3 lb, £0 1s 10½d

Nails, total, £2 12s 4d

Wooden bowls for the outlying guard posts, 89, £4 16s 5d

Wooden platters for the same, 78, £5 0s 9d

Wooden ladles for the same, 8, £0 2s 10d

Turners' wares, total, £10 0s 0d

Lamps for the same, 43, £1 10s 6d

Tin lanterns for the same, 3, £0 8s 4d

Tinware, total, £1 18s 10d

Large frying pans for the same, 13, £3 2s 7d

Small frying pans for the same, 5, £0 9s 8½d

Wood axes for the same, 7, £0 19s 10d

Sail needles for the same, 6, £0 0s 1½d

Sickles for the same, 2, £0 1s 11d

Garden hoe for the same, 1, £0 1s 3½d

Ironware, total, £4 15s 5d

Blankets, 42, £13 6s 0d

Arrack for recruits, 1⅛ gallons, £0 3s 9d

Candles for officers on duty, 42 lb, £4 16s 3d

Carried forward, £119 4s 4d

Interpretations

The outlying guard posts were refitted in a single issue: 89 wooden bowls, 78 platters, 43 lamps and 13 large frying pans. The soldiers manning the batteries and watch posts around the coast cooked and ate where they served, far from the barracks in Jamestown, so each post needed its own mess gear. The recruits landed from the Lord Camden and the Earl of Sandwich had strengthened these detachments, and the Council equipped them before the next shipping season.

The salt pork was again found short in issuing, by 373 pieces worth £57 8s 6d. This was the fourth quarter running with a loss on this scale. The minute now describes the shortfall as being in weight rather than in the number of pieces. That suggests the Council had begun weighing the issue and found the pieces themselves cut light, a fault in the packing in England that no care on the island could remedy.

165

161

1772

Brought Over

£ 119 . 4 . 4

Canvas 270 Yds. English for Cots

14 . 6 . 11

Twine 8 Skanes for Do.

4 . 8

Iron Pots 3 wt. lb 71 for out Guards

13 . 4

Paint viz.

lb 40 White Lead mixd.

15

10 Verdigrease

2 . 6 . 1

1 Ven. Red mixd.

5½

2 Copperas

1½

Painting the Officers Room at Banks's

3 . 2 . 6

Soldiers Cloaths viz.

17 Soldiers Coats & Breeches

25 . 1 . 6

5 Corporals Do. & Do.

7 . 13 . 9

5 Drummers Do. & Do.

17 . 10

35 Matrosses Coats

39 Pr. Do. Breeches

73 . 16 . 2

2 Serjeants Coats & Breeches

10 . 9

2 Artilly. Do. Do. & Do.

10 . 2 . 6

1 Do. Corpl. Do. & Do.

2 . 4 . 8

1 Bombardier Do. & Do.

2 . 19 . 3

2 Gunners Do. & Do.

4 . 12 . 6

9 Officers Crimson Sashes

25 . 4 . 8

14 Watch Coats

11 . 11

192 . 15 . 8

Hosiers Ware 510 Pr. Ordy. Thd. Stockings

71 . 9 . 4

Shoes 518 Pr. Mens Ordinary

119 . 15 . 9

Hats viz.

140 Soldiers

20 . 8 . 4

12 Serjeants

6 . 18

21 Officers Gold Laced

41 . 15 . 6

69 . 1 . 10

Shirts viz.

436 Soldiers

109 . 7

26 Serjeants

8 . 11 . 2

6 Yards Irish Linen

4 . 1

121 . 18 . 3

Broad Cloth viz.

100 Yds. Scarlet

101 . 15 . 5

20½ Do. Blue

18 . 9

120 . 4 . 5

Carried Over

£ 832 . 17

The stores issued to the garrison continued as follows.

Brought forward, £119 4s 4d

English canvas for cots, 270 yards, £14 6s 11d

Twine for the same, 8 skeins, £0 4s 8d

Iron pots for the outlying guard posts, 3, weighing 71 lb, £0 13s 4d

White lead mixed in oil for painting the officers' room at Banks's, 40 lb, £0 15s 0d

Verdigris for the same, 10 lb, £2 6s 1d

Venetian red mixed in oil for the same, 1 lb, £0 0s 5½d

Copperas for the same, [...] lb, £0 0s 11½d

Paint, total, £3 2s 6d

Soldiers' coats and breeches, 17 sets, £25 1s 6d

Corporals' coats and breeches, 5 sets, £7 13s 9d

Drummers' coats and breeches, 5 sets, £17 0s 10d

Matrosses' coats, 35, and breeches, 39 pairs, £73 16s 3d

Sergeants' coats and breeches, 2 sets, £10 9s 0d

Artillery sergeants' coats and breeches, 2 sets, £10 9s 6d

Artillery corporal's coat and breeches, 1 set, £2 3s 8d

Bombardier's coat and breeches, 1 set, £2 19s 3d

Gunners' coats and breeches, 2 sets, £4 12s 6d

Officers' crimson sashes, 9, £25 4s 0d

Watch coats, 14, £11 11s 0d

Soldiers' clothing, total, £192 15s 8d

Men's ordinary thread stockings, 510 pairs, £71 9s 4d

Men's ordinary shoes, 518 pairs, £119 15s 9d

Soldiers' hats, 180, £20 8s 4d

Sergeants' hats, 12, £6 18s 0d

Officers' gold-laced hats, 21, £41 15s 6d

Hats, total, £69 1s 10d

Soldiers' shirts, 486, £109 7s 0d

Sergeants' shirts, 26, £8 11s 3d

Irish linen, 6½ yards, £4 0s 1d

Shirts and linen, total, £121 18s 3d

Scarlet broadcloth, 100 yards, £101 15s 5d

Blue broadcloth, 24½ yards, £18 9s 0d

Broadcloth, total, £120 4s 5d

Carried forward, £832 17s 0d

Interpretations

This was a second large clothing issue in the same year, on top of the 400 suits given out between April and June. It clothed the artillery, which the Court had enlarged, and supplied the recruits who arrived in the Earl of Sandwich in July. The officers' share was striking: nine crimson sashes, 21 gold-laced hats and 100 yards of scarlet broadcloth. The crimson silk sash worn over the coat was the mark of a commissioned officer in the British service. The Company issued these at its own charge to give its garrison officers the appearance of King's officers.

The 14 watch coats were heavy cloaks for sentries standing guard through the cold, wet nights on the island's exposed heights. The garrison also drew 518 pairs of shoes and 510 pairs of stockings in the quarter. That was the yearly replacement for every man, since a soldier on the steep stony paths wore out shoes faster than any other part of his kit.

166

162

19th October

Brought Over

£ 832 . 17

Shalloon 137½ Yds. Scarlet

20 . 6 . 11

Glass Ware 4 Hour Glasses

2 . 7

Thread lb 8 Colord.

1 . 4 . 8

Lines 1 Whip Cord

7 . 7

Haberdashery viz.

63 Yds. White Buckram

3 . 10 . 10½

1 Gro. Broad Worsted Lace

17 . 11½

½ Do. Narrow Do.

3 . 1

21 Gold Epaulets

10 . 10

438 Hair Stocks

16 . 8 . 6½

454 Cockades

7 . 11 . 4

105 Sks. Silk

2 . 12 . 6

105 Do. Mohair

2 . 3 . 9

7 Gro. Gilt Coat Buttons

5 . 10 . 3

4 Gro. 4½ doz Breast Do.

1 . 15

51 . 3 . 4

£ 906 . 2 . 1

Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1st July to the 30th September 1772. -

Rice C. qr. lb 184 . 2 . 3

76 . 2 . 5

Arrack 238⅞ Galls.

39 . 9 . 9

Sugar lb 31

10 . 3

Pepper lb 4

2

Salt ½ Bushel

1 . 7

Sope lb 9

4 . 9

Beef & Pork viz.

512 Ps. Beef

97 . 12

1153 Ps. Pork

176 . 11 . 1

274 . 3 . 1

Tea lb 7 Bohea

4 . 3

Blankets 2

12 . 8

Oil viz.

½ Gall. Train

2 . 7

3 Do. Linseed

12 . 2

14 . 9

Carried Over

£ 392 . 5 . 6

The garrison stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1772 continued with smaller wares and trimmings for the uniforms.

Brought forward, £832 17s 0d

Steelware, scales weighing 137½ lb, £20 6s 11d

Glassware, hour glasses, 4, £0 2s 7d

Coloured thread, £1 4s 8d

Lines and whipcord, £0 7s 7d

White buckram, 68 yards, £3 10s 10½d

Broad worsted lace, 1 gross, £0 17s 11½d

Narrow worsted lace, ½ gross, £0 3s 1d

Gold epaulettes, 21, £10 10s 0d

Horsehair stocks, 458, £16 8s 6½d

Cockades, 454, £7 11s 4d

Skein silk, 10 lb, £2 12s 6d

Mohair, 10 lb, £2 3s 9d

Gilt coat buttons, 7 gross, £5 10s 3d

Gilt breast buttons, 4 gross and 5½ dozen, £1 15s 0d

Haberdashery, total, £51 3s 4d

Garrison stores, total, £906 2s 1d

The Company's slaves were charged with the following stores issued to them between 1 July and 30 September 1772.

Rice, 184 cwt 2 qr 3 lb, £76 2s 5d

Arrack, 23[...]½ gallons, £39 9s 9d

Sugar, [...] lb, £0 10s 3d

Pepper, [...] lb, £0 2s 0d

Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 7d

Soap, [...] lb, £0 4s 9d

Beef, 519 pieces, £97 12s 0d

Pork, 1,153 pieces, £176 11s 1d

Beef and pork, total, £274 3s 1d

Bohea tea, 7 lb, £0 4s 3d

Blankets, 2, £0 12s 8d

Train oil, ½ gallon, £0 2s 7d

Linseed oil, 3 gallons, £0 12s 2d

Oil, total, £0 14s 9d

Carried forward, £397 5s 6d

Interpretations

The haberdashery shows how a soldier's uniform was finished in the 1770s. Buckram was a coarse linen stiffened with glue or size, and it was sewn inside coat fronts and lapels to hold their shape. The stock was a stiff band of horsehair fastened tight round the neck in place of a cravat. Every private wore one on parade, so 458 stocks matched the full strength of the infantry. The cockade was a rosette of black ribbon pinned to the side of the cocked hat as the badge of service. The gilt coat buttons fastened the coat front. The smaller breast buttons closed the waistcoat beneath it. Worsted lace bound the buttonholes and edges of the men's coats, while the 21 gold epaulettes matched the 21 gold-laced hats issued to the officers on the previous page.

The slaves' account reveals that the Company's labour force was fed from the same stores that fed the soldiers, with each issue charged to a separate head. Rice from India formed the staple of the slaves' ration, at more than nine tons in the quarter. Salt beef and pork came second, at £274 3s 1d, and together these two made up nearly nine tenths of the account. Arrack, the palm or rice spirit shipped from Batavia and Bengal, was issued to slaves as a regular allowance, probably as a reward for heavy labour on the landing place and fortifications. Train oil was rendered from whale or seal blubber. It was the cheapest fuel for lamps and served for greasing tackle.

167

163

1772

Brought Over

£ 392 . 5 . 6

Thread viz.

lb 11 Colord.

2 . 13 . 11

5½ White Brown

1 . 16 . 4

4 . 10 . 3

Chelloes 30¼ Ps.

27 . 18 . 3

Flour lb 12

2

Sailors Cloaths viz.

325 Mens Checkd Shirts

53 . 11 . 4½

139 Do. Blue Duffle Jackets

43 . 19 . 11¼

162 Pr. Do. Breeches

30 . 13 . 4½

162 Pr. Do. Long Drawers

11 . 9 . 8

172 Watch Caps

13 . 1 . 7

34 Boys Green Duffle Jackets

9 . 2 . 1

12 Pr. Do. Breeches

1 . 16 . 3

12 Pr. Do. Long Drawers

14 . 7½

24 Do. Shirts

3 . 7

167 . 16 . 11

Hooks & Lines viz.

350 No. 9

350 12

350 13

Hooks

10 . 7¼

5 . 3¼

3 . 3¼

14½ doz 2

14½ Do. 3

Lines

3 . 8 . 7¼

2 . 14 . 11¾

6 . 2 . 9

Shalloon viz.

19 Yards Scarlet

2 . 9 . 1

10 Do. Colord.

19 . 7

3 . 8 . 8

Turners Ware 1 Wood Bowl

1 . 1

Serge viz.

33½ Yds. Green

7 . 8

6 Do. Scarlet

1 . 14 . 8

8 . 15 . 4

Haberdashery viz.

15 Sks. Silk

7 . 6

15 Do. Mohair

6 . 3

½ Gro. Broad Worsted Lace

9

6 Yds. White Buckram

6 . 8

9 Ps. Tape

4 . 11

1 . 14 . 4

Carried Over

£ 612 . 14 . 6

The stores charged to the Company's slaves for the quarter from 1 July to 30 September 1772 continued with cloth, clothing and fishing tackle.

Brought forward, £392 5s 6d

Coloured thread, 11 lb, £2 13s 11d

Whitened brown thread, 5½ lb, £1 16s 4d

Thread, total, £4 10s 3d

Chelloes, 30¾ pieces, £27 18s 3d

Flour, [...] lb, £0 2s 0d

Men's checked frocks, 326, £53 11s 4½d

Men's blue duffle jackets, 139, £42 19s 11½d

Men's breeches, 162 pairs, £30 13s 4½d

Men's long drawers, 162 pairs, £11 9s 8d

Dutch caps, 172, £13 1s 7d

Boys' grey duffle jackets, 34, £9 4s 1d

Boys' breeches, 13 pairs, £1 16s 3d

Boys' long drawers, 13 pairs, £0 14s 7½d

Boys' shirts, 24, £3 7s 0d

Sailors' clothing, total, £167 16s 11d

Fish hooks number 9, 350, £0 10s 7½d

Fish hooks number 12, 350, £0 5s 3¾d

Fish hooks number 13, 350, £0 3s 3¾d

Fishing lines number 2, 14½ dozen, £3 8s 7½d

Fishing lines number 3, 14½ dozen, £2 14s 11½d

Hooks and lines, total, £6 2s 2d

Scarlet shalloon, 19 yards, £2 9s 1d

Coloured shalloon, 10 yards, £0 19s 7d

Shalloon, total, £3 8s 8d

Turned ware, wooden bowl, 1, £0 1s 1d

Green serge, 33½ yards, £7 0s 8d

Scarlet serge, 6 yards, £1 14s 8d

Serge, total, £8 15s 4d

Skein silk, 1½ lb, £0 7s 6d

Mohair, 1½ lb, £0 6s 3d

Broad worsted lace, ½ gross, £0 9s 0d

White buckram, 6 yards, £0 6s 8d

Tape, 9 pieces, £0 4s 11d

Haberdashery, total, £1 14s 4d

Carried forward, £612 14s 6d

Interpretations

The Company did not make special clothing for its slaves but dressed them from the same slop stock it bought for seamen. The checked linen frock, the blue duffle jacket, loose long drawers and the knitted Dutch cap made up the standard kit sold to sailors in English ports. Buying it in bulk through the Company's shipping was cheaper than having cloth made up on the island. The separate issue of boys' jackets, breeches and shirts shows that children were counted in the Company's slave force and clothed at its charge from an early age. Duffle was a thick woollen cloth with a raised nap, first made at Duffel near Antwerp, and it gave some protection against the cold and damp of the uplands where much of the Company's labour was done.

Chelloes were cotton piece goods from the Coromandel coast and Bengal, usually woven in checks or stripes of blue and white. They were cheap and hard-wearing, and the Company used them for the women's clothing and for wrappers. The issue of more than 1,000 fish hooks and 29 dozen lines reveals that fishing was part of the slaves' work and probably part of their food supply, easing the Company's dependence on imported rice and salt meat. Shalloon was a light twilled worsted used for lining coats, and the scarlet and green serge and shalloon on this account were probably for the liveries of slaves in the Governor's household or for overseers.

168

164

19th October

Brought Over

£ 612 . 14 . 6

Hosiers Ware viz.

28 Pr. Mens Ordy. Thread Stockings

3 . 18 . 2

2 Do. Girls Do.

3 . 11

4 . 2 . 1

Canvas 100 Yds. Osnabrigs

3 . 19 . 2

Long Cloth 15 Ps. No. 5

17 . 11 . 3

Kersey 1 Ps.

2 . 1 . 10

Shoes viz.

2 Pr. Womens Calf Leather

5 . 2

3 Pr. Mens Ordinary

13 . 11

19 . 1

£ 641 . 7 . 11

Mallay Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July

to the 30th September 1772. -

Sugar & Candy viz.

lb 40 Sugar

10

13 Candy

5

15

Flour lb 30

5

Rice C. qr. lb 2 . . 16

17 . 10

Arrack 7½ Galls.

1 . 4 . 9

Coffee lb 4

3 . 4

Sope lb 6

3 . 8

Beef 10 Ps.

1 . 18 . 2

Cordage lb 30

16 . 8

Lead lb 12 Sheet

2 . 6

Oars 2 Small

7 . 6

Flannel 4 Yds.

9

Pepper lb 2

1

Salt ½ Bushel

1 . 7

Candles lb 20

2 . 5 . 10

Tea lb 4 Bohea

2 . 5

Blankets 2

12 . 8

Hooks & Lines viz.

100 No. 6 Hooks

8 . 1

6 2 Lines

1 . 8

9 . 9

Carried Over

£ 10 . 16 . 8

The stores charged to the Company's slaves for the quarter from 1 July to 30 September 1772 continued with stockings, cloth and shoes.

Brought forward, £612 14s 6d

Men's ordinary thread stockings, 28 pairs, £3 18s 2d

Girls' stockings, 2 pairs, £0 3s 11d

Hosiery, total, £4 2s 1d

Osnaburg canvas, 100 yards, £3 19s 2d

Long cloth number 5, 15 pieces, £17 11s 3d

Kersey, 1 piece, £2 1s 10d

Women's calf leather shoes, 2 pairs, £0 5s 2d

Men's ordinary shoes, 3 pairs, £0 13s 11d

Shoes, total, £0 19s 1d

Slaves' account, total, £641 7s 11d

A separate account headed "Mallay" was charged with the following stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1772.

Sugar, 30 lb, £0 10s 0d

Sugar candy, [...] lb, £0 5s 0d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £0 15s 0d

Flour, 20 lb, £0 5s 0d

Rice, 2 cwt 0 qr 16 lb, £0 17s 10d

Arrack, 7½ gallons, £1 4s 9d

Coffee, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d

Soap, [...] lb, £0 3s 8d

Beef, 10 pieces, £1 18s 2d

Cordage, 30 lb, £0 16s 8d

Sheet lead, [...] lb, £0 2s 6d

Small oars, 2, £0 7s 6d

Flannel, 4 yards, £0 9s 0d

Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 0d

Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 7d

Candles, [...] lb, £2 5s 10d

Bohea tea, 4 lb, £0 2s 5d

Blankets, 2, £0 12s 8d

Fish hooks number 6, 100, £0 8s 1d

Fishing lines number 2, 6, £0 1s 8d

Hooks and lines, total, £0 9s 9d

Carried forward, £10 16s 8d

Interpretations

The account headed "Mallay" stood apart from the general slaves' account, and its contents point to a small group of Malays kept on a different footing. Their issue included coffee, tea and sugar candy, which never appeared among the stores charged to the main body of slaves. The cordage, sheet lead, oars and fishing tackle suggest that this group worked a Company boat, probably fishing for the garrison or serving the landing place. Malays from the Eastern islands had a reputation as skilled boatmen, and the Company perhaps set them apart for that reason and fed them closer to the diet they knew.

The cloth on the slaves' account came from opposite ends of the Company's trade. Osnaburg was a coarse unbleached linen first woven at Osnabrück in Germany, and planters throughout the Atlantic world used it for slaves' working clothes. Long cloth was a plain Indian cotton woven in unusually long pieces on the Coromandel coast, and the grade number marked its fineness. Kersey was a heavy ribbed woollen cloth from the English West Country, used for warm outer garments. Very few slaves received shoes or stockings. The two pairs of calf leather shoes for women and the two pairs of girls' stockings were probably for household slaves whose appearance reflected on their masters.

169

165

1772

Brought Over

£ 10 . 16 . 8

Paint lb 1 Blue Smalts

1 . 9

Shoes 2 Pr. Mens Channel Pumps

12

Thread viz.

lb 2 Colord.

6 . 2

1 White Brown

3 . 4

2 oz. Nuns No. 29

4 . 5

13 . 11

Haberdashery viz.

14 Sks. Silk

7

3 Yds. White Buckram

3 . 4

6 doz Mohair Coat Buttons

4

7 Do. Do. Breast Do.

2 . 4

2 Ps. Tape

1 . 1

17 . 9

Broad Cloth viz.

6½ Yds. Pompadore

6 . 1 . 11

4 Do. Scarlet

4 . 1 . 5

10 . 3 . 4

Shalloon viz.

4 Yds. Scarlet

10 . 4

4 Do. Colord.

7 . 10

18 . 2

Hosiers Ware viz.

4 Pr. Mens India Cotton Stockings

1 . 8 . 8

4 Pr. Do. Wove Do.

14 . 4

2 . 3

Tin Ware viz.

2 Quart Saucepans

1

1 Gallon Do. with a Cover

2

2 Pudding Pans

1 . 8

1 Cupping Do.

2

6 . 8

Glass Ware 6 Wine Glasses

2 . 8

Cutlery Ware 2 Fine Ivory Combs

5 . 6

Long Cloth viz.

1 Ps. No. 3

2 . 9 . 5

2 Ps. 5

2 . 6 . 10

4 . 16 . 3

Carried Over

£ 31 . 17 . 8

The stores charged to the account headed "Mallay" for the quarter from 1 July to 30 September 1772 continued with cloth, clothing and household goods.

Brought forward, £10 16s 8d

Blue smalt paint, [...] lb, £0 1s 9d

Men's channel pumps, 2 pairs, £0 12s 0d

Coloured thread, [...] lb, £0 6s 2d

Whitened brown thread, [...] lb, £0 3s 4d

Nun's thread number 20, [...] lb, £0 4s 5d

Thread, total, £0 13s 11d

Skein silk, [...] lb, £0 7s 0d

White buckram, 3 yards, £0 3s 4d

Mohair coat buttons, 6 dozen, £0 4s 0d

Mohair breast buttons, 7 dozen, £0 2s 4d

Tape, 2 pieces, £0 1s 1d

Haberdashery, total, £0 17s 9d

Pompadour broadcloth, 6½ yards, £6 1s 11d

Scarlet broadcloth, 4 yards, £4 1s 5d

Broadcloth, total, £10 3s 4d

Scarlet shalloon, 4 yards, £0 10s 4d

Coloured shalloon, 4 yards, £0 7s 10d

Shalloon, total, £0 18s 2d

Men's Indian cotton stockings, 4 pairs, £1 8s 8d

Women's Indian cotton stockings, 4 pairs, £0 14s 4d

Hosiery, total, £2 3s 0d

Quart saucepans, 2, £0 1s 0d

Gallon saucepan with a lid, 1, £0 2s 0d

Pudding pans, 2, £0 1s 8d

Dripping pan, 1, £0 2s 0d

Tinware, total, £0 6s 8d

Glassware, wine glasses, 6, £0 2s 8d

Cutlery, fine ivory combs, 2, £0 5s 6d

Long cloth number 3, 1 piece, £2 9s 5d

Long cloth number 5, 2 pieces, £2 6s 10d

Long cloth, total, £4 16s 3d

Carried forward, £31 17s 8d

Interpretations

The goods on this page belonged to a single household of some standing rather than to a gang of labourers. Broadcloth in scarlet and pompadour, silk, Indian cotton stockings for a man and a woman, wine glasses, ivory combs and a set of kitchen pans would have suited a respectable family in Jamestown. The heading "Mallay" therefore perhaps named one person, probably a Malay in the Company's service who held a trusted post and kept a wife. The boat stores and fishing tackle on the previous page would fit a man in charge of the Company's fishing or a harbour boat. His goods were charged to his own account, perhaps as part of his wages, rather than to the general slaves' account.

Several items would be unfamiliar now. Pompadour was a fashionable crimson-purple shade named after Madame de Pompadour, the mistress of Louis XV. Channel pumps were light low shoes whose sole stitching was sunk into a groove cut in the leather, so that it did not wear through on rough ground. Nun's thread was a fine white linen sewing thread first made in Flanders, and its number marked its fineness. Smalt was blue glass coloured with cobalt and ground to a powder, and it served both as a paint pigment and as a blueing for linen in the wash.

170

166

19th October

Brought Over

£ 31 . 17 . 8

China Ware viz.

12 Sneakers

2 . 6

12 Enamelled Soop Plates

7 . 6

4 Bowls

2 . 8

4 Octagon Meat Dishes

8 . 3

2 Tea Pots

1 . 4

1 . 2 . 3

£ 32 . 19 . 11

Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July

to the 30 September 1772. -

Rice & Paddy viz.

C. qr. lb 4 . 1 . 4 Rice

1 . 15 . 5

44 . 3 . 18 Paddy

10 . 9 . 8

Poultry, Horses, Overseers & Steward

12 . 5 . 1

Beef 10 Ps. Steward

1 . 18 . 2

Cordage lb 86 Cattle &c.

1 . 8 . 8

Iron Ware viz.

2 Rag Stones

9

10 Scythe Do. Haymakers

2 . 1

1 Pick Ax

2 . 10

4 Broad Hoes

8 . 8

4 Helves for Garden Hoes

2 . 8

1 Plast. Sieve

4 . 8½

1 Iron Rubbish Riddle

7 . 6

6 Spring Rat Traps

9 . 1½

3 Pr. Garden Shears

10 . 10½

6 Mouse Traps

3 . 4½

3 Spades

11 . 3

3 Pad Locks

4 . 1½

2 Hand Hatchets

3 . 7½

Gardens

1 Curry Comb & Brush

1 . 8½

1 Sheet Emery Paper

1½

Stables

1 Pick Ax

3 . 5½

1 Ash Helve

7½

Plantation

3 . 17 . 6

Carried Over

£ 19 . 9 . 5

The stores charged to the account headed "Mallay" for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 closed with a set of china.

Brought forward, £31 17s 8d

Saucers, 12, £0 2s 6d

Enamelled soup plates, 12, £0 7s 6d

Bowls, 4, £0 2s 8d

Octagonal meat dishes, 4, £0 8s 3d

Teapots, 2, £0 1s 4d

China, total, £1 2s 3d

Mallay account, total, £32 19s 11d

The Company's estate at Plantation was charged with the following stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1772.

Rice for the poultry house and for the [...] and mares, 4 cwt 1 qr 4 lb, £1 15s 5d

Paddy for the poultry house and for the [...] and mares, 44 cwt 3 qr 18 lb, £10 9s 8d

Rice and paddy, total, £12 5s 1d

Beef for the [...], 10 pieces, £1 18s 2d

Cordage for the cattle, [...] lb, £1 8s 8d

Rag stones for the gardens, 2, £0 0s 9d

Scythe stones for the haymakers, 10, £0 2s 1d

Pickaxe for the gardens, 1, £0 2s 10d

Broad hoes for the gardens, 4, £0 8s 8d

Helves for garden hoes, 4, £0 2s 8d

[...] knife for the gardens, 1, £0 4s 8½d

Iron rubbish rake for the gardens, 1, £0 7s 6d

Spring rat traps for the gardens, 6, £0 9s 1½d

Garden shears, 2 pairs, £0 10s 10½d

Mousetraps for the gardens, 6, £0 2s 6½d

Spades for the gardens, 3, £0 11s 3d

Padlocks for the gardens, 2, £0 4s 1½d

Hand hatchets for the gardens, 2, £0 3s 7½d

Currycomb and brush for the stables, 1, £0 1s 8½d

Emery paper for the stables, 1 sheet, £0 0s 1½d

Pickaxe for the plantation, 1, £0 3s 5½d

Ash helve for the plantation, 1, £0 0s 7½d

Ironware, total, £3 17s 6d

Carried forward, £19 9s 5d

Interpretations

The china completed the household outfit set out on the previous page. Enamelled soup plates and octagonal meat dishes were standard pieces of Chinese export porcelain, shipped home in bulk by the Company's China ships as saleable ballast beneath the tea. Their issue at St Helena put the dining table of the "Mallay" household on the same footing as that of a Company officer.

The Plantation account shows the Company running its country estate as a working farm and pleasure garden at its own charge. Paddy was rice still in the husk, cheaper than cleaned rice and fed in bulk to poultry and horses. The quarter's issue of nearly 45 hundredweight shows how heavily the estate's livestock depended on grain shipped from India rather than on the island's own crops. The six spring traps and six mousetraps reflect the rats that had plagued St Helena since the first settlement and that regularly destroyed seed, fruit and stored grain. Rag stones and scythe stones were coarse whetstones for sharpening edge tools. Emery paper in the stables was used to scour rust from bits, stirrups and harness buckles.

171

167

1772

Brought Over

£ 19 . 9 . 5

Turners Ware viz.

8 Ox Bows

9 . 6

3 Birch Brooms Stables

1 . 3

10 . 9

Cutlery Ware 3 Butchers Knives

1 . 9

Oil ½ Gallon Train Stables

1 . 9

Saddlery viz.

3 Girths

6 . 8¼

2 Surcingles

5 . 8

3 Cruppers

5 . 9¼

1 Half Curb Bridle

8 . 11

2 Saddle Cloths

7 . 8½

3 Pr. Stirrup Leathers

7 . 8

Stables

2 . 1 . 10

Wheat lb 149 Poultry

9 . 11

Lines 3 No. 4 Gardens

1 . 2

Earthen Ware 10 Milk Pans Dairy

14 . 2

Tar 1 Gall. for Carts

10

£ 23 . 11 . 7

Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July

to the 30th September 1772. -

Sugar lb 211

2 . 12 . 9

Flour lb 211

1 . 15 . 2

Rice lb 211

15 . 8

Tea lb 20 Bohea

12 . 1

Salt 1½ Bushel

4

Oil viz.

2 Galls. Train

6 . 9½

8½ Do. Linseed

1 . 14 . 6½

2 . 1 . 4

Twine lb ½ Cotton wick

7

Kersey 6 Yards

7 . 11

Carried Over

£ 8 . 9 . 6

The stores charged to the Company's estate at Plantation for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with tools, saddlery and dairy goods.

Brought forward, £19 9s 5d

Ox bows, 8, £0 9s 6d

Birch brooms for the stables, 3, £0 1s 3d

Turned ware, total, £0 10s 9d

Butchers' knives, 3, £0 1s 9d

Train oil for the stables, ½ gallon, £0 1s 9d

Girths for the stables, 3, £0 6s 8½d

Surcingles for the stables, 2, £0 5s 8d

Cruppers for the stables, 3, £0 5s 9½d

Half-curb bridle for the stables, 1, £0 8s 11d

Saddle cloths for the stables, 2, £0 7s 8½d

Stirrup leathers for the stables, 3 pairs, £0 7s 8d

Saddlery, total, £2 1s 10d

Wheat for the poultry, [...] bushels, £0 9s 11d

Lines number 4 for the gardens, 3, £0 1s 2d

Earthenware milk pans for the dairy, 10, £0 14s 2d

Tar for the carts, 1 gallon, £0 0s 10d

Plantation account, total, £23 11s 7d

The Company's hospital was charged with the following stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1772.

Sugar, [...] lb, £2 12s 9d

Flour, [...] lb, £1 15s 2d

Rice, [...] lb, £0 15s 8d

Bohea tea, [...] lb, £0 12s 1d

Salt, 1¼ bushels, £0 4s 0d

Train oil, 2 gallons, £0 6s 0½d

Linseed oil, 8½ gallons, £1 14s 6½d

Oil, total, £2 1s 4d

Cotton wick, ½ lb, £0 0s 7d

Kersey, 6 yards, £0 7s 11d

Carried forward, £8 9s 6d

Interpretations

The Plantation stores show that the estate's heavy work was done by oxen rather than horses. Ox bows were the curved wooden collars that passed under a bullock's neck and locked into the yoke above, and eight of them in a quarter points to several teams at work on the carts and ploughs. Horses at Plantation served for riding, which explains the separate issue of girths, cruppers and a half-curb bridle. A surcingle was a broad strap passed right round the horse's body to hold a saddle cloth or blanket in place. The ten earthenware milk pans were wide shallow vessels in which milk stood overnight so the cream could rise and be skimmed for butter. They show that the Governor's estate kept its own dairy herd at a time when fresh milk and butter were scarce in Jamestown.

The hospital's diet differed sharply from the garrison's ordinary ration. Sugar, flour, rice and tea made up the bulk of its stores, with no salt beef or pork at all. This reflected the medical thinking of the period, which held salt meat harmful to the sick and prescribed light, soft food such as rice gruel, flour pudding and sweetened tea. Linseed oil was used both for lamps on the wards and for making poultices, while the kersey was probably for warm bed gowns for patients.

172

168

19th October

Brought Over

£ 8 . 9 . 6

Turners Ware viz.

2 Wood Ladles

8½

1 Hair Broom

2 . 11

1 Punch Sieve

6½

4 . 2

Iron Pots 2 wt. lb 49

9 . 3

Iron Ware 1 Large Frying Pan

4 . 10

Deals viz.

2 Double

6 . 9½

6 Single

11 . 7½

18 . 5

Canvas 30 Yds. English

1 . 13 . 2

Nails lb 10 3

7 . 6

Long Cloth 1 Ps. No. 5

1 . 3 . 5

Pewter Bason Pots & Pills

10 . 12 . 4

£ 24 . 2 . 7

Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st July

to the 30 September 1772. -

Cordage lb 1608

26 . 16

Twine viz.

1 Sk. Marline

3

6 Do. Twine

3 . 7

3 . 10

Leather lb 11 Sole

15 . 9

Lead lb 14 Sheet

2 . 11

Arrack 6½ Galls.

1 . 1 . 5

Oil viz.

5¼ Galls. Train

19 . 6½

4 Do. Linseed

16 . 3½

1 . 15 . 10

Iron Ware viz.

2 Bolt Rope Needles

2½

lb ½ Tinnd. Tacks

1

Iron Ware Carried Over

£ 1 . 2½

Carried Over

£ 30 . 13 . 9

The stores charged to the Company's hospital for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with kitchen goods, timber and a still.

Brought forward, £8 9s 6d

Wooden ladles, 2, £0 0s 8½d

Hair broom, 1, £0 2s 11d

Scrubbing brush, 1, £0 0s 6½d

Turned ware, total, £0 4s 2d

Iron pots, 2, weighing 49 lb, £0 9s 3d

Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 10d

Double deals, 2, £0 6s 9½d

Single deals, 6, £0 11s 7½d

Deals, total, £0 18s 5d

English canvas, 20 yards, £1 13s 2d

Nails, [...] lb, £0 7s 6d

Long cloth number 5, 1 piece, £1 3s 5d

Pewter [...] pot and still, £10 12s 4d

Hospital account, total, £24 2s 7d

The Company's boats were charged with the following stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1772.

Cordage, 1,608 lb, £26 16s 0d

Marline, 1 skein, £0 0s 3d

Twine, 6 skeins, £0 3s 7d

Twine and marline, total, £0 3s 10d

Leather, [...] side, £0 15s 9d

Sheet lead, 14 lb, £0 2s 11d

Arrack, 6½ gallons, £1 1s 5d

Train oil, 5½ gallons, £0 19s 6½d

Linseed oil, 4 gallons, £0 16s 3½d

Oil, total, £1 15s 10d

Bolt-rope needles, 2, £0 0s 2½d

[...] jacks, ½, £0 1s 0d

Ironware carried forward, £0 1s 2½d

Carried forward, £30 13s 9d

Interpretations

The pewter still was by far the costliest item on the hospital account, at £10 12s 4d. Military surgeons of the period distilled their own simple waters, such as mint, cinnamon and rose water, which served as the base for most liquid medicines. Doing so on the island spared the Company the expense and spoilage of shipping finished preparations from London. Pewter was preferred to copper for this work because it did not foul the liquid with verdigris. Deals were sawn planks of Baltic fir or pine, the standard imported softwood for shelving, bed frames and repairs, and their issue to the hospital shows how little building timber St Helena could supply for itself.

The boats consumed over 1,600 lb of cordage in a single quarter, a measure of the hard wear on the moorings and tackle at the open anchorage off James's Valley. Every passenger, cask and bale reached the shore by boat, and the swell rolling in on the landing place chafed through cables and painters quickly. The arrack was a regular allowance to the boats' crews for heavy and wet work. Marline was a light two-stranded tarred line used for seizing and lashing. The bolt-rope needles were the stout sailmaker's needles used to sew the rope border round the edge of a sail or awning.

173

169

1772

Brought Over

£ 30 . 13 . 9

Iron Ware brought Over£ 1 . 2½

6 Sail Needles

1½

1 Large Frying Pan

4 . 9¾

1 Hand Hatchet

1 . 9¼

7 . 11

Nails viz.

lb 14 40

5 . 3

5 2

4 . 3¼

16 4

10

18 10

8 . 3

6 6

3 . 4½

14 Spike

4 . 4½

6 Dog

3 . 10¼

1 . 19 . 5

Pitch & Tar viz.

2 Barls. Pitch

2 . 7 . 11

1 Do. Tar

1 . 2 . 6

lb 305 Rozin

2 . 17 . 2

200 Turpentine

2 . 5 . 10

8 . 13 . 5

Paint viz.

lb 34 Brimstone

5 . 8

3 Whiting

1¼

19 Yellow Oaker mixd.

6 . 2½

4 Bott. Blacking

2

10 Ven. Red dry

1 . 10½

3 White Lead Do.

1 . 6

17 . 4

Turners Ware viz.

1 Plast. Brush

1

2 Paint Do.

11

1 . 11

Iron lb 73

12 . 2

Blocks viz.

2 Double Blocks of 8 Inches

15 . 5

8 Single Do. of Do.

11 . 8

4 Double Do. with Brass Sheaves

1 . 8

16 Single Do. of 5 Inches

17 . 4

3 . 5 . 1

Carried Over

£ 46 . 11

The stores charged to the Company's boats for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with ironware, naval stores and rigging blocks.

Brought forward, £30 13s 9d

Ironware brought forward, £0 1s 2½d

Sail needles, 6, £0 0s 1½d

Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 9¾d

Hand hatchet, 1, £0 1s 9¼d

Ironware, total, £0 7s 11d

Fortypenny nails, 14 lb, £0 5s 3d

Twopenny nails, 5 lb, £0 4s 3¼d

Fourpenny nails, 16 lb, £0 10s 0d

Tenpenny nails, 18 lb, £0 8s 3d

Sixpenny nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 4½d

Spikes, 14 lb, £0 4s 4½d

Rag nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 10¼d

Nails, total, £1 19s 5d

Pitch, 2 barrels, £2 7s 11d

Tar, 1 barrel, £1 2s 6d

Rosin, 3 cwt 0 qr 5 lb, £2 17s 2d

Turpentine, 2 cwt 0 qr 0 lb, £2 5s 10d

Pitch and tar, total, £8 13s 5d

Brimstone, 34 lb, £0 5s 8d

Whiting, 3 lb, £0 0s 0¾d

Yellow ochre mixed in oil, 19 lb, £0 6s 2¾d

Blacking, 4 papers, £0 2s 0d

Venetian red, dry, 10 lb, £0 1s 10½d

White lead mixed in oil, 3 lb, £0 1s 6d

Paint, total, £0 17s 4d

[...] brush, 1, £0 1s 0d

Paint brushes, 2, £0 0s 11d

Turned ware, total, £0 1s 11d

Iron, 73 lb, £0 13s 2d

Double blocks of 8 inches, 2, £0 15s 5d

Single blocks of 10 inches, 8, £0 11s 8d

Double blocks with brass sheaves, 4, £1 0s 8d

Single blocks of 5 inches, 16, £0 17s 4d

Blocks, total, £3 5s 1d

Carried forward, £46 11s 0d

Interpretations

The brimstone, pitch, tar, rosin and turpentine together show the boats being graved and paid during the quarter. Shipwrights boiled pitch and rosin with sulphur and spread the hot mixture over a hull's bottom below the waterline. The sulphur was meant to deter the shipworm, which bored into timber in warm seas and could ruin an unprotected boat within a year or two. That made the coating essential for the Company's craft lying permanently in the roads off James's Valley.

Nails of the period were graded by the "penny", a term that originally meant the price of a hundred nails and by this date simply marked a size. Twopenny nails were small tacks for light work, while fortypenny nails were heavy enough to fasten thick planking. Rag nails had barbed or jagged shanks that resisted pulling out. Blocks fitted with brass sheaves cost about four times as much as plain ones, since a brass wheel ran more freely and lasted longer than wood under a heavy load. They were probably for the cargo tackles that hoisted casks and stores between the boats and the landing place.

174

170

19th October

Brought Over

£ 46 . 11

Lines 2 Deep Sea

10

Oars 2 small

7 . 6

Deals viz.

4 Balks

1 . 15 . 4

1 Elm Board

4 . 4

3 Single Deals

5 . 10

1½ Ps. Elm Plank

2 . 15 . 9

3 Ps. Ash Do.

8 . 15 . 5

3 Ps. Oak Do.

7 . 7 . 6

21 . 4 . 2

Canvas 29 Yds. Osnabrigs

1 . 10 . 11

£ 70 . 3 . 7

Fortifications Dr. for the following

Stores Issued from the 1st July to the 30 September 1772. -

Iron Ware viz.

2 Blank Keys Artillery use

1 . 3

10 Ash Helves

5 . 10½

6 Pickaxes

1 . 9

6 Masons Beech Mallets

12 . 4½

10 Do. Inch & Point Tools

1 . 2 . 1½

6 Do. Boaster & Broad Do.

14 . 10½

1 Hand Hatchet

1 . 9¼

6 Pr. Hand Screws

28 . 10 . 1½

Landing Place

19 Sail Needles mendg. Lime Bags

4 . 3

6 Bricklayers Trowels

9 . 10

1 Large Frying Pan

4 . 9½

2 Melting Ladles

1 . 5 . 8

6 two feet Rules

6

Landing Place

34 . 15 . 9

Oil viz.

1½ Gall. Train Do.

5 . ½

1 Do. Linseed Paintg. Sentry Boxes

4 . ½

9 . 1

Carried Over

£ 35 . 4 . 10

The stores charged to the Company's boats for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 closed with timber and canvas.

Brought forward, £46 11s 0d

Deep-sea lines, 3, £0 10s 0d

Small oars, 2, £0 7s 6d

Baulks, 4, £1 15s 4d

Elm board, 1, £0 4s 4d

Single deals, 3, £0 5s 10d

Elm plank, 1½ pieces, £2 15s 9d

Ash plank, 3 pieces, £8 15s 5d

Oak plank, 3 pieces, £7 7s 6d

Timber, total, £21 4s 2d

Canvas, [...], 29 yards, £1 10s 11d

Boats account, total, £70 3s 7d

The fortifications were charged with the following stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1772.

Block keys for the artillery store, 2, £0 1s 3d

Ash helves, 10, £0 5s 10½d

Pickaxes for the landing place, 6, £1 0s 9d

Masons' brick mallets for the landing place, 6, £0 19s 4½d

Masons' inch and point tools for the landing place, 10, £1 2s 1½d

Masons' boasters and broad chisels for the landing place, 6, £0 4s 10½d

Hand hatchet for the landing place, 1, £0 1s 9¼d

Hand screws for the landing place, 6 pairs, £28 10s 1½d

Sail needles for mending lime bags, 19, £0 4s 3d

Bricklayers' trowels for the landing place, 6, £0 9s 10d

Large frying pan for the landing place, 1, £0 4s 9½d

Melting ladles for the landing place, 2, £1 5s 8d

Two-foot rules, 6, £0 6s 0d

Ironware, total, £34 15s 9d

Train oil, ½ gallon, £0 5s 0½d

Linseed oil for painting the sentry boxes, 1 gallon, £0 4s 0½d

Oil, total, £0 9s 1d

Carried forward, £35 4s 10d

Interpretations

The fortifications account was dominated by the new landing place in James's Valley, where Purbeck stone steps and a thick sea wall were being built. Six pairs of hand screws cost £28 10s 1½d, more than everything else on the page combined. These were heavy screw jacks used to raise, shift and bed large blocks of dressed stone into place, work that could not be done by hand or lever alone. The masons' boasters, inch tools and point tools were chisels graded from coarse to fine for dressing stone faces. The melting ladles were for running molten lead into sockets cut in the stone to fix iron cramps and ties, the usual way of binding a sea wall against the pounding of the swell.

The boats' timber reveals how completely the island depended on imported hardwood. Oak, ash and elm planks arrived from England in the Company's ships and were used for boat repairs, since St Helena's own forests had been cut out long before and yielded nothing fit for planking. A baulk was a squared length of rough timber, kept in store and sawn up as needed.

175

171

1772

Brought Over

£ 35 . 4 . 10

Deals viz.

2 Ps. Ash Plank

5 . 16 . 11

3 Ps. Oak Do.

7 . 7 . 6

Making Wheel Barrows

13 . 4 . 5

Iron & Steel viz.

lb 515 Iron

4 . 5 . 10

34 Steel

1 . 7

Landing Place

5 . 12 . 10

Lead viz.

lb 400 Sheet

4 . 3 . 4

317 Pig

2 . 12 . 10

Do.

6 . 16 . 2

Cordage lb 29

9 . 8

Bunting viz.

2 Ps. Blue

2 . 16 . 1

1 Ps. Red

1 . 12 . 1

6 Yds. White

3

Making Flags

4 . 11 . 2

Lines viz.

1 Hambro for Do.

1 . 4

12 No. 3

3 . 9½

12 4

4 . 5½

Landing Place

9 . 7

Twine 13 Sks.

7 . 7

Candles lb 4

9 . 2

mendg. Lime Bags

Tin Ware viz.

6 Double Sheets Tin

4

2 Single Do.

8

4 . 8

Canvas viz.

3 Ps. 11 Yds. English Lime Bags

6 . 11 . 3

3 Yds. Osnabrigs for Flags

2 . 5

6 . 13 . 8

Thread lb 1 Colord. Artillery Use

3 . 1

Rozin lb 6 Landg. Place

1 . 2

Paint lb 4 White Lead dry Paintg. Sentry Boxes

3 . 3

Nails lb 5 . 4 Artillery Use

3 . 2

Carried Over

£ 74 . 14 . 5

The stores charged to the fortifications for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with timber, metal and materials for the landing place and the flags.

Brought forward, £35 4s 10d

Ash plank for making wheelbarrows, 2 pieces, £5 16s 11d

Oak plank for making wheelbarrows, 3 pieces, £7 7s 6d

Timber, total, £13 4s 5d

Iron for the landing place, 515 lb, £4 5s 10d

Steel for the landing place, 34 lb, £1 7s 0d

Iron and steel, total, £5 12s 10d

Sheet lead for the landing place, 400 lb, £4 3s 4d

Pig lead for the landing place, 317 lb, £2 12s 10d

Lead, total, £6 16s 2d

Cordage, 29 lb, £0 9s 8d

Blue bunting for making flags, 2 pieces, £2 16s 1d

Red bunting for making flags, 1 piece, £1 12s 1d

White bunting for making flags, 6 yards, £0 3s 0d

Bunting, total, £4 11s 2d

Hamber line for the landing place, 1, £0 1s 4d

Lines number 3 for the landing place, 12, £0 3s 9½d

Lines number 4 for the landing place, 19, £0 4s 5½d

Lines, total, £0 9s 7d

Twine for mending lime bags, 13 skeins, £0 7s 7d

Candles for mending lime bags, 4 lb, £0 9s 2d

Double sheets of tin, 6, £0 4s 0d

Single sheets of tin, 2, £0 0s 8d

Tinware, total, £0 4s 8d

English canvas for lime bags, 3 pieces and 11 yards, £6 11s 3d

Osnaburg canvas for flags, 3 yards, £0 2s 5d

Canvas, total, £6 13s 8d

Coloured thread for the artillery, [...] lb, £0 3s 1d

Rosin for the landing place, [...] lb, £0 1s 2d

Dry white lead for painting the sentry boxes, 4 lb, £0 3s 3d

Fourpenny nails for the artillery, 3 lb, £0 3s 2d

Carried forward, £74 14s 5d

Interpretations

The flags made up from blue, red and white bunting were almost certainly for the island's signal posts. St Helena kept lookouts on the high ground above Jamestown and on the windward heights, and these posts used flags to report a sail in sight, its bearing and whether it seemed friendly or hostile. A fresh set of signal colours was needed regularly because the constant trade wind on the exposed ridges tore bunting to rags within months. The osnaburg was probably used to make the reinforced edge, or hoist, by which each flag was bent to its halyard.

The landing place drew heavily on metal in this quarter, with over 500 lb of iron and over 700 lb of lead. The iron was probably forged into cramps and ties on the island, and the lead was melted and run in to fix them in the new stonework, matching the melting ladles issued on the previous page. The canvas lime bags carried slaked lime down to the works for the mortar. The candles charged to mending them were perhaps to wax the twine, so that the stitches would resist the caustic lime. Hamber line was a small, tightly laid three-stranded line used for lashings and for marking out levels on building work.

176

172

19th October

Brought Over

£ 74 . 14 . 5

Turners Ware viz.

16 Labourers Baskets Landg. Place

19 . 8

11 Birch Brooms Artilly. Use

4 . 7

1 . 4 . 3

Coals 19 Chaldron Burng. Lime

43 . 6

£ 118 . 19 . 2

New Church Dr. for the following Stores Issued

from 1st July to the 30th September 1772. -

Iron Ware viz.

20 Ash Helves

1 . 1

10 Pickaxes

1 . 14 . 7

6 Stone Saws

1 . 4

3 . 19 . 7

Deals 6 Ps. Oak Plank

14 . 15

£ 18 . 14 . 7

Barracks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from

1st July to the 30th September 1772. -

Nails viz.

lb 243½ 2

11 . 5 . ½

26 4

16 . 3

30 10

13 . 9

19 20

7 . 6¼

4 40

1 . 6

4 Dog

2 . 7

10 Glaz. Brads

16 . 8

20 6

1 . 8 . 2

15 . 11 . 6

Carried Over

£ 15 . 11 . 6

The stores charged to the fortifications for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 closed with baskets, brooms and coal for the lime kilns.

Brought forward, £74 14s 5d

Labourers' baskets for the landing place, 16, £0 19s 8d

Birch brooms for the artillery, 11, £0 4s 7d

Turned ware, total, £1 4s 3d

Coals for burning lime, 19 chaldrons, £43 0s 6d

Fortifications account, total, £118 19s 2d

The new church was charged with the following stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1772.

Ash helves, 20, £1 1s 0d

Pickaxes, 10, £1 14s 7d

Iron crows, 6, £1 4s 0d

Ironware, total, £3 19s 7d

Oak plank, 6 pieces, £14 15s 0d

New church account, total, £18 14s 7d

The barracks were charged with the following stores issued between 1 July and 30 September 1772.

Twopenny nails, 243½ lb, £11 5s 0¾d

Fourpenny nails, 26 lb, £0 16s 3d

Tenpenny nails, 30 lb, £0 13s 9d

Twentypenny nails, 19 lb, £0 7s 6¼d

Fortypenny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 6d

Rag nails, 4 lb, £0 2s 7d

Glazing brads, 10 lb, £0 10s 8d

Sixpenny nails, 20 lb, £1 8s 2d

Nails, total, £15 11s 6d

Carried forward, £15 11s 6d

Interpretations

The 19 chaldrons of coal cost £43 0s 6d, more than a third of the whole fortifications account for the quarter. A chaldron was a measure of 36 bushels, a little over a ton. The coal was shipped out from England to fire the kilns that burned lime for mortar on the landing place. The Company paid this heavy freight because St Helena's native woodland had been cut down for fuel and cleared by goats long before. The island could no longer supply the large quantity of wood needed to burn lime in bulk.

The barracks drew more than 240 lb of twopenny nails in a single quarter. These small nails were used for lath, shingles and light boarding rather than structural timber, and so large a quantity points to new roofing or the lining of rooms. That fits the growth of the garrison through the year's recruits. Glazing brads were small headless pins used to hold panes of glass in window frames before puttying. The iron crows issued to the new church were heavy iron bars with a flattened or clawed end, used as levers to prise out rock and shift stone during building.

177

173

1772

Brought Over

£ 15 . 11 . 6

Iron Ware viz.

1 Iron Rubbish Riddle

7 . 6

13 Plast. Trowels

19 . 6

14 Iron rimd. Locks with Pullbacks

3 . 2 . 8½

9 Do. with Brass Knobs

2 . 16 . 9½

1 Plast. Sieve

4 . 8½

10 Ash Helves

5 . 10

lb 21 Plate Iron

7 . 10¼

2 S Bolt Locks

2 . 4 . 10

1 Cupboard Do.

2 . 9¼

1 Pr. Dovetail Hinges

7

1 Large Frying Pan

4 . 9¼

4 Pickaxes

13 . 10½

11 . 11 . 10

Oil viz.

23 Galls. Linseed

4 . 13 . 5¼

½ Do. Train

2 . 6¾

4 . 16

Lead lb 302 Sheet

3 . 2 . 11

Iron lb 58

9 . 8

Paint viz.

lb 270 Whiting

5 . 7½

4 Bott. Blacking

2

106 White Lead mixd.

3 . 2 . 3

86 Stone Color

2 . 6 . 7

2 Copperas

1 . 11½

16 Chalk

8

3½ Umber

1 . ½

19 White Lead dry

5 . 6½

6 . 5 . 8

Turners Ware viz.

20 Plast. Brushes

1

3 Paint Do.

1 . 4½

1 Shoe Do.

9

3 Wood Bowls

3 . 3

3 Platters

3 . 10½

1 . 9 . 3

Carried Over

£ 43 . 6 . 10

The stores charged to the barracks for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with locks, tools, oil and paint.

Brought forward, £15 11s 6d

Iron rubbish riddle, 1, £0 7s 6d

Plasterers' trowels, 12, £0 19s 6d

Iron rim locks with pull-back latches, 14, £3 2s 8½d

Iron rim locks with brass knobs, 9, £2 16s 9½d

Plasterer's sieve, 1, £0 4s 8½d

Ash helves, 10, £0 3s 10d

Plate iron, [...] lb, £0 7s 10¼d

[...] locks, 2, £2 4s 10d

Cupboard lock, 1, £0 2s 9¼d

Dovetail hinges, 1 pair, £0 0s 7d

Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 9¼d

Pickaxes, 4, £0 13s 10½d

Ironware, total, £11 11s 10d

Linseed oil, 23 gallons, £4 13s 5½d

Train oil, ¾ gallon, £0 2s 6¼d

Oil, total, £4 16s 0d

Sheet lead, 302 lb, £3 2s 11d

Iron, 53 lb, £0 9s 8d

Whiting, 270 lb, £0 5s 7½d

Blacking, 4 papers, £0 2s 0d

White lead mixed in oil, 100 lb, £3 2s 3d

Stone colour, 86 lb, £2 6s 7d

Copperas, 7 lb, £0 1s 11½d

Chalk, 16 lb, £0 0s 8d

Umber, 3½ lb, £0 1s 1½d

Dry white lead, 19 lb, £0 5s 6¾d

Paint, total, £6 5s 8d

Plasterers' brushes, 20, £1 0s 0d

Paint brushes, 3, £0 1s 4½d

Sash brush, 1, £0 0s 9d

Wooden bowls, 3, £0 3s 3d

Platters, 3, £0 3s 10½d

Turned ware, total, £1 9s 3d

Carried forward, £43 6s 10d

Interpretations

The page records a thorough refit of the barracks rather than routine upkeep. Twelve plasterers' trowels, 20 plasterers' brushes, 270 lb of whiting and 23 locks point to rooms being newly plastered, limewashed and fitted with doors that could be secured. This fits the large intake of recruits during the year, which the barracks had to absorb. The rim locks were fixed to the face of the door rather than set into its thickness, the cheaper and sturdier pattern for barrack rooms. The 14 fitted with pull-back latches could be opened from inside without a key.

Stone colour was a ready-mixed buff or pale grey paint, made from white lead tinted with umber and ochre, and was meant to imitate dressed stone on plastered fronts and woodwork. Its use on the barracks shows the Company giving the building a more finished appearance in line with the new public works in James's Valley. Whiting was finely ground chalk, mixed with size and water to make whitewash for the interior walls. A rubbish riddle was a coarse iron sieve used to screen building rubble and sand before it went into mortar.

178

174

19th October

Brought Over

£ 43 . 6 . 10

Deals viz.

31 Single

3 . 1

109 Double

18 . 10 . 2

30 Bundles Laths

1 . 13

1 Balk

8 . 10

31½ Ps. Riga Timber

77 . 19 . 3

9 Ps. Oak Plank

22 . 2 . 6

123 . 13 . 10

Masts viz.

1 Bowsprit

8 . 10 . 6

1 Top Mast

7

1 Spar

3 . 10 . 2

3 Sheer Masts

52 . 10

71 . 10 . 8

Glass Ware viz.

480 Sqrs. 6 by 8

13

4 Do. 10 by 12

3 . 8

13 . 3 . 3

Tin Ware 2 Watering Pots

6 . 11

£ 252 . 1 . 11

Errors Excepted

St. Helena (Signed)

30 Sept. 1772 Jona. Doveton

Storekeeper

The stores charged to the barracks for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 closed with timber, spars, glass and tinware.

Brought forward, £43 6s 10d

Single deals, 31, £3 0s 1d

Double deals, 109, £18 10s 2d

Laths, 30 bundles, £1 13s 0d

Baulk, 1, £0 8s 10d

Riga timber, 31½ pieces, £77 19s 3d

Oak plank, 9 pieces, £22 2s 6d

Timber, total, £123 13s 10d

Bowsprit, 1, £8 10s 6d

Topmast, 1, £7 0s 0d

Spar, 1, £3 10s 2d

Sheer masts, 5, £52 10s 0d

Masts, total, £71 10s 8d

Window glass, panes of 6 by 8 inches, 480, £13 0s 0d

Window glass, panes of 10 by 12 inches, 4, £0 3s 8d

Glassware, total, £13 3s 8d

Watering pots, 2, £0 6s 11d

Barracks account, total, £252 1s 11d

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 30 September 1772, reserving any errors it might contain.

Interpretations

The barracks drew a bowsprit, a topmast, a spar and five masts from the Company's marine stores, worth £71 10s 8d. These were ships' spars, kept on the island to refit vessels damaged on passage, and they were the only long, straight timbers St Helena possessed. Turning them over to the barracks shows the Company using naval stores as building material for want of anything else. The masts were probably used as main beams or roof timbers spanning wide rooms, or as sheer legs for hoisting the heavy beams into place. Riga timber was Baltic pine shipped from the port of Riga. It was the best softwood then available in England for joists and rafters, and its cost of £77 19s 3d made it the largest single item in the barracks account.

The 480 small panes of glass, each 6 by 8 inches, were the standard size for sash windows of the period. Crown glass was spun into large discs at the furnace and could only be cut into small panes free of the thick centre, which is why barrack windows were made up of many little lights set in wooden glazing bars. The storekeeper's closing reservation of errors was the usual formula by which an accountant protected himself against later discovery of slips in the figures. It left the account open to correction by the Council or the Court without implying any fault on his part.

179

175

1772

Inventory of Stores Remaining in the Honble. Company's

Ware Houses the 30 September 1772. -

Anchors viz.

5 Anchors without weight

66 . 19 . 7

1 Do. weight C. qr. lb 33 . . 6

56 . 6 . 7

1 Do. Do. 34 . 2 . 10

59 . 7 . 3

1 Do. Do. 33 . 3

57 . 13 . 1

1 Do. Do. 35 . 2 . 7

1 Do. Do. 36 . 1 . 8

148 . 9 . 9

18 Iron Hoops

2 . 18

7 Anchor Stocks 16 feet long

31 . 16 . 10

23 Iron Nails

7 . 8

423 . 18 . 9

Blankets 324

18 Do. Damaged

112 . 12 . 2

Bunting viz.

11 Ps. 2¾ Yds. Red

2½ Do. Do. Damaged

17 . 16 . 9

24 Do. Blue

15¼ Do. Do. Damaged

1 . 2 . 11

1½ Do. White Do.

9

19 . 5

Broad Cloth viz.

52½ Yds. Scarlet

2½ Do. Do. Damaged

55 . 9 . 4

2 Do. Light Color Do.

1 . 13 . 4

9¼ Do. Black

7 . 17 . 3

3½ Do. Lead Colour

2 . 16 . 3¼

32½ Do. Parsons Grey

29 . 5

3⅞ Do. Dark Brown

3 . 7 . 9¾

13¼ Do. French Grey

11 . 11 . 10½

10⅞ Do. Pompadore

10 . 2 . 3¼

4⅞ Do. Light Blue

4 . 7 . 9

8⅞ Do. White

7 . 3 . 8

13⅞ Do. Scarlet Cassimere

7 . 8 . 5¼

18 Do. Black Do.

7 . 13

148 . 15 . 10

Carried Over

£ 704 . 7 . 2

An inventory recorded the stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772.

Anchors without recorded weights, 5, £66 19s 7d

Anchor weighing 33 cwt 0 qr 6 lb, 1, £56 6s 7d

Anchor weighing 34 cwt 2 qr 10 lb, 1, £59 7s 3d

Anchor weighing 33 cwt 3 qr 0 lb, 1, £57 13s 1d

Anchors weighing 35 cwt 2 qr 7 lb and 36 cwt 1 qr 8 lb, 2, £148 9s 9d

Iron hoops, 18, £2 18s 0d

Anchor stocks 16 feet long, 7, £31 16s 10d

Treenails, 23, £0 7s 8d

Anchors and fittings, total, £423 18s 9d

Blankets, 324, of which 18 damaged, £112 12s 2d

Red bunting, 11 pieces and 2¾ yards, with 2½ yards damaged, £17 16s 9d

Blue bunting, 2¼ yards, with 15¼ yards damaged, £1 2s 11d

White bunting, 1½ yards, £0 0s 9d

Bunting, total, £19 0s 5d

Scarlet broadcloth, 52½ yards, with 2½ yards damaged, £55 9s 4d

Light-coloured broadcloth, 2 yards, £1 13s 4d

Black broadcloth, 9¼ yards, £7 7s 3d

Lead-coloured broadcloth, 2½ yards, £2 16s 3¾d

[...] grey broadcloth, 39½ yards, £29 5s 0d

Dark brown broadcloth, 3⅛ yards, £3 7s 9¾d

French grey broadcloth, 13¼ yards, £11 11s 10½d

Pompadour broadcloth, 10⅞ yards, £10 2s 3¾d

Light blue broadcloth, 4⅞ yards, £4 7s 9d

White broadcloth, 8⅞ yards, £7 3s 8d

Scarlet cassimere, 13⅞ yards, £7 8s 5½d

Black cassimere, 18 yards, £7 19s 0d

Broadcloth, total, £148 15s 10d

Carried forward, £704 7s 2d

Interpretations

The anchors stood at the head of the inventory and made up well over half the value of the page. Ships riding in the open roads off James's Valley often parted their cables in heavy weather and lost anchors on the rocky bottom. A homeward-bound Indiaman without a spare could not safely continue its voyage. Holding a stock of heavy anchors of 33 to 36 hundredweight let the Company re-equip its own ships and sell to others, which made the island a refitting station as well as a garrison. The anchor stocks were the long wooden crossbars fitted at the top of the shank, made in two halves and bound with iron hoops. That explains the 18 hoops and the treenails, the wooden pegs used to fasten the halves together, listed alongside them.

Cassimere was a fine, light twilled woollen cloth patented in England in 1766. It was newly fashionable for gentlemen's breeches and waistcoats, so its presence in the island's stores only six years later shows how quickly London fashions reached St Helena through the Company's ships. The range of broadcloth colours, from French grey and pompadour to lead colour and dark brown, served the civilian market as much as the garrison. Officers and inhabitants bought cloth from the Company's warehouses at the fixed advance on cost.

180

176

19th October

Brought Over

£ 704 . 7 . 2

Buckram viz.

1⅛ Yds. Brown

11

135½ Do. White

6 . 19 . 5

7 . 4

Braziers Ware viz.

4 Skimmers 2/5¾ ea.

9 . 11

1 Do. 18/4

14 . 4

1 Warming Pan

11 . 3

9 Stew Pans with Covers

12 . 4 . 3

3 Brass Cocks with Keys

10 . 3

4 Large Do.

2 . 7

4 Bottling Do.

14 . 8

13 Pr. Steel Snuffers

1 . 13 . 5

lb ½ Brass wire

3 . 6

2 Brass Pullies for the Crane

3 . 8

½ Brass for Soldering

1 . 1

2 Copper Pans 2 feet long

1 . 18 . 6

2 Brass Do. 2 Do. Do.

1 . 8 . 3

3 Tea Kettles 3 Quarts ea.

1 . 16 . 1½

2 Copper Pumps

2 . 8 . 10

lb 98 Rolld. Dutch Brass

8 . 3 . 3

1 Large Copper Boilg. Pot & Cover

2 . 14 . 3

1 Double Handle 2 Gall. Saucepan

1 . 8 . 6

1 Saucepan 1 Gallon

14 . 3½

2 Pr. Candlesticks Princes Metal

1 . 6 . 6

7 Pr. Brass Do. 7/9 ea.

2 . 14 . 3

1 Pr. Do. Do. 5/7

5 . 7

3 Sheets Copper lb 24

2 . 5

lb 6 Copper Rivets

10

50 . 17 . 3

Books viz.

19 Large Bibles

26 . 2 . 6

2 Small Do.

7 . 5

6 Primmers

1 . 6

7 Horn Books

2

3 Common Prayer Books

1 . 19 . 8

28 . 11 . 10

Carried Over

£ 790 . 16 . 7

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with buckram, brass and copper ware and books.

Brought forward, £704 7s 2d

Brown buckram, 1⅛ yards, £0 0s 11d

White buckram, 135½ yards, £6 19s 5d

Buckram, total, £7 0s 4d

Skimmers at 2s 5¾d each, 4, £0 9s 11d

Large skimmer, 1, £0 14s 4d

Warming pan, 1, £0 11s 3d

Fish pans with lids, 9, £12 4s 3d

Brass cocks with keys, 3, £0 10s 3d

Large brass cocks, 4, £2 7s 0d

Bottling cocks, 4, £0 14s 8d

Steel snuffers, 13 pairs, £1 13s 5d

Brass wire, 7½ lb, £0 5s 6d

Brass rollers for the crane, 3, £3 8s 0d

Brass for soldering, ¾ lb, £0 1s 1d

Copper bars 3 feet long, 2, £1 18s 6d

Brass bars 3 feet long, 2, £1 8s 3d

Tea kettles of 3 quarts each, 3, £1 16s 1½d

Copper pumps, 2, £9 8s 10d

Rolled Dutch brass, 98 lb, £8 0s 0d

Large copper boiling pot with lid, 1, £2 14s 3d

Double-handled saucepan of 2 gallons, 1, £1 8s 6d

Saucepan of 1 gallon, 1, £0 14s 3½d

Prince's metal candlesticks, 3 pairs, £1 6s 6d

Brass candlesticks at 7s 9d a pair, 7 pairs, £2 14s 3d

Brass candlesticks at 5s 7d a pair, 1 pair, £0 5s 7d

Sheet copper, 3 sheets weighing 24 lb, £2 5s 0d

Copper rivets, [...] lb, £0 10s 0d

Brass and copper ware, total, £50 17s 3d

Large Bibles, 19, £26 2s 6d

Small Bibles, 2, £0 7s 5d

Primers, 6, £0 1s 6d

Hornbooks, 7, £0 0s 9d

Books of Common Prayer, 8, £1 19s 8d

Books, total, £28 11s 10d

Carried forward, £790 16s 7d

Interpretations

The books in store show the Company providing religious instruction and elementary schooling from its own warehouses. Large Bibles and Books of Common Prayer were for reading the service in church and in the garrison, and 19 large Bibles was probably more than the island's single church could use. They were perhaps held for the new church then building and for issue to the outlying posts. Primers and hornbooks were the first tools for teaching children to read. A hornbook was a small wooden board bearing a printed sheet of the alphabet and the Lord's Prayer, protected by a thin transparent layer of horn. Their presence points to a school run at the Company's charge for the children of the garrison and inhabitants.

Prince's metal was a brass alloy with a high proportion of copper, giving a warm golden colour that passed for gilt at a fraction of the cost. It was a popular material for candlesticks in middling households. The three brass rollers for the crane were spare running parts for the lifting gear at the landing place, where every cask and bale coming ashore had to be hoisted from the boats. Rolled Dutch brass was thin sheet brass from the Netherlands, then the main European source of brass rolled to an even thickness, and was used for repair work by the island's smiths and coppersmiths.

181

177

1772

Brought Over

£ 790 . 16 . 7

Beef & Pork viz.

221 Puncheons Beef

3199 . 7 . 4

30 Tierces Do.

396

24 Do. Do. bought

96

317 Hhds. & 34 Pr. Pork

3904 . 18 . 10

11 Tierces Do.

31 . 7

7627 . 13 . 2

Blocks viz.

2 Ironbound Cat

13 . 10

4 Do. Dead Eyes

2 . 13 . 1

1 Double Long Tackle

4 . 9

7 Do. Blocks Brass Sheaves

1 . 16 . 2

11 Single Do. 8 Inches

14 . 8

10 Do. Do. 5 Do.

12 . 6

23 Double Do. 8 Do.

1 . 18 . 4

2 Large Snatch Blocks

1 . 7 . 2

9 . 19 . 6

Canvas viz.

63 Ps. 37 Yds. English

122 . 2 . 1

1 Ps. 11½ Do. Osnabrigs

4 . 11 . 6

7 Ps. 57½ Do. Ticklenburgs

31 . 3 . 11

157 . 17 . 6

Corks viz.

9 Gro. 1 doz Corks

1 . . 1

lb 4½ Sheet Cork

2 . 6

1 . 2 . 7

Cordage viz.

2 Cables Damaged wt. C. qr. lb 143 . 1 . 1

1 Cable 70 . 3 . 21

1 Do. small 9 Inch 20 . 2 . 14

1 Cablet 5 . 3 . 21

8 Coils 4 Inches 38 . 2 . 7

3 Do. 5 Do. 18 . 1 . 7

10 Do. 3½ Do. 36 . 1 . 12

5 Do. 3 Do. 16 . 2

15 Do. 2½ Do. 28 . 1 . 16

30 Do. 2 Do. 31 . 2 . 13

Cordage Carried Over 410 . 2

Carried Over

£ 8587 . 9 . 4

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with salt provisions, rigging blocks, canvas, corks and cordage.

Brought forward, £790 16s 7d

Beef, 221 puncheons, £3,199 7s 4d

Beef, 80 tierces, £396 0s 0d

Beef bought locally, 24 tierces, £96 0s 0d

Pork, 317 hogsheads and 34 pieces, £3,904 18s 10d

Pork, 11 tierces, £31 7s 0d

Beef and pork, total, £7,627 13s 2d

Ironbound cat blocks, 2, £0 13s 10d

Ironbound deadeyes, 4, £2 13s 1d

Double long-tackle block, 1, £0 4s 9d

Ironbound blocks with brass sheaves, 7, £1 16s 8d

Single blocks of 8 inches, 11, £0 14s 8d

Single blocks of 5 inches, 10, £0 12s 6d

Double blocks of 8 inches, 23, £1 18s 4d

Large snatch blocks, 2, £1 7s 2d

Blocks, total, £9 19s 6d

English canvas, 63 pieces and 37½ yards, £122 2s 1d

Osnaburg canvas, 1 piece and 11½ yards, £4 11s 6d

Ticklenburg canvas, 7 pieces and 57½ yards, £31 3s 11d

Canvas, total, £157 17s 6d

Bottle corks, 9 gross and 1 dozen, £1 0s 1d

Sheet cork, 4½ [...], £0 2s 6d

Corks, total, £1 2s 7d

Cables, damaged, 2, weighing 143 cwt 1 qr 1 lb

Cable, 1, weighing 70 cwt 3 qr 21 lb

Small cable of 9 inches, 1, weighing 20 cwt 2 qr 14 lb

Cablet, 1, weighing 5 cwt 3 qr 21 lb

Rope of 4 inches, 8 coils, weighing 38 cwt 2 qr 7 lb

Rope of 5 inches, 3 coils, weighing 18 cwt 1 qr 7 lb

Rope of 3½ inches, 10 coils, weighing 36 cwt 1 qr 12 lb

Rope of 3 inches, 5 coils, weighing 16 cwt 2 qr 0 lb

Rope of 2½ inches, 15 coils, weighing 28 cwt 1 qr 16 lb

Rope of 2 inches, 30 coils, weighing 31 cwt 2 qr 13 lb

Cordage carried forward, 410 cwt 2 qr 0 lb

Carried forward, £8,587 9s 4d

Interpretations

Salt beef and pork worth £7,627 13s 2d made up almost nine tenths of the value of the inventory so far. This was the island's insurance against famine and blockade. St Helena could not raise enough cattle to feed a garrison of several hundred men, and it depended on salt meat shipped from Ireland and England by the Company's outward ships. In wartime, or when ships were delayed, this reserve stood between the garrison and starvation. The 24 tierces bought locally cost £4 each, against nearly £5 each for the 80 tierces sent out by the Company. The storekeeper had evidently taken the chance to buy from a passing ship below the usual price. A puncheon was a large cask holding about 72 gallons, while the tierce held a third of a pipe, about 42 gallons.

Ticklenburg was a coarse, strong linen woven in the county of Tecklenburg in Westphalia. It was cheaper than English canvas and widely used for sacking, awnings and slaves' clothing. The cordage was graded by circumference in inches, the standard naval measure, so that a 9-inch cable was one 9 inches round. A cablet was a light cable under 10 inches round, used for warping and for smaller anchors. Snatch blocks had a hinged opening in one side so that a rope could be laid into them without threading its end through, which made them invaluable for changing the lead of a hauling line quickly at the landing place.

182

178

19th October

Brought Over

£ 8587 . 9 . 4

Cordage brought Over C. qr. lb 410 . 2

9 Coils 1½ Inch 9 . 1

24 Do. 9 Thd. Ratling 11 . 1 . 14

5 Do. 12 Do. Do. 2 . 2

1 Do. White Rope 7 . 1 . 21

441 . 1 . 7

792 . 9 . 1

Cutlery viz.

47 Buckling Combs

1 . 1 . 6½

114 Horn Do.

1 . 8 . 6

30 Fine Ivory Do.

4 . 2 . 6

92 Ordy. Do. Do.

5 . 3 . 6

3 doz Stag Horn Knives & Forks

1 . 16 . 3

3 Do. Shoe Knives

12 . 9

56 Butchers Do.

2 . 8 . 4½

12 Chopping Do.

15 . 6

3 Pallet Do.

2 . 6

9 Horn Do.

13 . 1½

8 Pruning Do.

9 . 8

18 Pudding Do.

1 . 1 . 6

30 doz Pr. Shoe Buckles

25 . 2

53 Pr. Knee Do.

1 . 5 . 8

8 Cases Fleams

19 . 8

28 Pr. Leather Garters

18 . 8

5½ doz Green Handle Knives & Forks

16 . 16 . 8½

64 . 16 . 4

Cart Wheels viz.

3 Spare Sides for Wheel Barrows

8 . 4

5 Axletrees for Carts

1 . 13 . 1

7 Pr. Cart Wheels

24 . 2 . 5

26 . 3 . 10

Camblet viz.

2½ Yds. Brown

7 . 8½

2 Do. dark Do. Damaged

6

1½ Do. Blue

4 . 7½

18 . 4

Copper Money 46078 Half Pence

95 . 19 . 11

Carried Over

£ 9567 . 16 . 10

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with cordage, cutlery, cart wheels, camlet and copper coin.

Brought forward, £8,587 9s 4d

Cordage brought forward, 410 cwt 2 qr 0 lb

Rope of 1½ inches, 9 coils, weighing 9 cwt 1 qr 0 lb

Nine-thread ratline, 24 coils, weighing 11 cwt 1 qr 14 lb

Twelve-thread ratline, 5 coils, weighing 2 cwt 2 qr 0 lb

White rope, 1 coil, weighing 7 cwt 1 qr 21 lb

Cordage, 441 cwt 0 qr 7 lb, total, £792 9s 1d

Buckling combs, 47, £1 1s 6½d

Horn combs, 114, £1 8s 6d

Fine ivory combs, 30, £4 2s 6d

Coarse ivory combs, 92, £5 3s 6d

[...] horn-handled knives and forks, 3 dozen, £1 16s 3d

Shoe knives, 3 dozen, £0 12s 9d

Butchers' knives, 56, £2 8s 4½d

Chopping knives, 12, £0 15s 6d

Palette knives, 3, £0 2s 6d

[...] knives, 9, £0 13s 1½d

Pruning knives, 8, £0 9s 8d

Budding knives, 18, £1 1s 6d

Shoe buckles, 80 dozen pairs, £25 0s 2d

Knee buckles, 58 pairs, £1 5s 8d

Cased fleams, 8, £0 19s 8d

Leather garters, 78 pairs, £0 18s 8d

Ivory-handled knives and forks, 2½ dozen, £16 16s 8½d

Cutlery, total, £64 16s 4d

Spare sides for wheelbarrows, 3, £0 8s 4d

Axletrees for carts, 5, £1 13s 1d

Cart wheels, 7 pairs, £24 2s 5d

Cart wheels and fittings, total, £26 3s 10d

Brown camlet, 2½ yards, £0 7s 8½d

Dark brown camlet, damaged, 2 yards, £0 6s 0d

Blue camlet, 1½ yards, £0 4s 7½d

Camlet, total, £0 18s 4d

Copper coin, 46,078 halfpence, £95 19s 11d

Carried forward, £9,567 16s 10d

Interpretations

The Company held 46,078 copper halfpence in its warehouse, worth £95 19s 11d. St Helena suffered constantly from a shortage of small change, because the gold and silver that reached the island in passing ships drained away again in the same ships. Without copper coin the soldiers, small planters and slaves could not settle the everyday payments of the market. The Company therefore shipped out copper in bulk and paid it out through the stores and the pay office. Holding the coin as a store, valued alongside anchors and canvas, shows that the island's currency was itself a commodity supplied and controlled by the Company.

Several articles in the list are no longer familiar. A fleam was a small lancet with a triangular blade, used for bleeding horses and cattle and sometimes people. Buckling combs were small combs for dressing and curling hair into the rolled buckles worn at the sides of a man's wig or natural hair. Ratline was light tarred line, graded by the number of yarns, used for the rope rungs seized across a ship's shrouds to form ladders up the rigging. White rope was cordage left untarred, which was more pliant and suited for running rigging and hand lines. Camlet was a light cloth of wool mixed with goat's hair or silk, valued for cloaks because it shed rain. The budding knives, with a thin spatula on the handle for lifting the bark, served the Company's gardens for grafting fruit trees.

183

179

1772

Brought Over

£ 9567 . 16 . 10

Coals 97 Chaldron 14 Bushels

219 . 2 . 6

Deals viz.

10 Double

1 . 13 . 11½

159 Single

15 . 8 . ½

440 Do. Bought

63 . 5

2 Balks

17 . 7½

9 Coffers

1 . 9 . 9½

12 Wainst. Boards

3 . 19 . 3

5 Elm Do.

1 . 5

10 Ps. Oak Plank

24 . 11 . 8

½ Ps. Ash Do.

1 . 18 . 11½

9½ Ps. Elm Do.

25 . 7 . 5½

6 Knees for Long Boats

1 . 4 . 4½

15 Timbers for Do.

6 . 11 . 10½

57 Ps. Church Timber

161 . 10 . 2

4½ Ps. Riga Do.

13 . 4 . ½

15 Spars Bought

52 . 11 . 10

374 . 14 . 6

Earthen Ware viz.

40 Milk Pans

2 . 14 . 2

4 Close Stool Do.

7

3 Large Red Tea Pots

9

19 Small Do. Do.

1 . 9 . 3

3 Large Cream Color Do.

7 . 4

4 Small Do. Do.

3 . 5

5 . 10 . 2

Flour 455 Casks or C. qr. lb 1318 . 2 . 23

1136 . 18 . 10

Flannel 28¼ Yds.

3 . 3 . 7

Glass Ware viz.

2 Tumblers

1 . 1

3 Four Hour Glasses

10

1 Three Do. Do.

3 . 4

7 Hour Do.

4 . 6½

10 Minute Do.

8 . 4

49 Wine Do.

1 . 1 . 7½

2 Quart Decanters

4 . 8

6 Pint Do.

10 . 7½

Glass Ware Carried Over

£ 3 . 4 . 2

Carried Over

£ 11307 . 6 . 5

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with coal, timber, earthenware, flour, flannel and glass.

Brought forward, £9,567 16s 10d

Coals, 97 chaldrons and 14 bushels, £219 2s 6d

Double deals, 10, £1 13s 11½d

Single deals, 189, £15 8s 0½d

Single deals bought locally, 440, £63 5s 0d

Baulks, 2, £0 17s 7½d

[...], 9, £1 9s 9½d

Pine boards, 12, £3 19s 3d

Elm boards, 5, £1 0s 5d

Oak plank, 10 pieces, £24 11s 8d

Ash plank, ¾ piece, £1 18s 11½d

Elm plank, 9½ pieces, £25 7s 3½d

Knees for longboats, 6, £1 4s 4½d

Timbers for longboats, 15, £6 11s 10½d

French timber, 57½ pieces, £161 10s 2d

Riga timber, 4½ pieces, £13 4s 0½d

Spars bought locally, 15, £52 11s 10d

Timber, total, £374 14s 6d

Milk pans, 40, £2 14s 2d

Close-stool pans, 4, £0 7s 0d

Large red teapots, 3, £0 9s 0d

Small red teapots, 19, £1 9s 3d

Large cream-coloured teapots, 3, £0 7s 4d

Small cream-coloured teapots, 4, £0 3s 5d

Earthenware, total, £5 10s 2d

Flour, 455 casks weighing 1,318 cwt 2 qr 23 lb, £1,136 18s 10d

Flannel, 28½ yards, £3 3s 7d

Tumblers, 2, £0 1s 1d

Four-hour glasses, 3, £0 10s 0d

Three-hour glass, 1, £0 3s 4d

Hourglasses, 7, £0 4s 6½d

Minute glasses, 10, £0 8s 4d

Wine glasses, 49, £1 1s 7½d

Quart decanters, 2, £0 4s 8d

Pint decanters, 6, £0 10s 7½d

Glassware carried forward, £3 4s 2d

Carried forward, £11,3[...] 6s 5d

Interpretations

The timber in store shows the Company buying heavily from passing ships to make up for what London sent. The 440 single deals and 15 spars bought locally were worth £115 16s 10d together, and the 57½ pieces of French timber, at £161 10s 2d, formed the most valuable timber in the warehouse. French timber had probably come from a French East Indiaman calling at the island, since French ships were not part of the Company's own supply. Taking timber wherever it could be had reflected the island's total lack of building wood, which the heavy use of spars and planking at the barracks and landing place made more pressing. The knees and timbers for longboats were curved and shaped pieces of oak cut to form the ribs and corner braces of a boat's frame, kept ready for building or rebuilding the Company's large boats.

The flour reserve of 455 casks, weighing over 65 tons, was the second great food store after the salt meat and was valued at £1,136 18s 10d. Flour was used for the garrison's bread and the hospital's diet. Like the meat, it was held against the risk of the supply ships failing to arrive. The hourglasses and minute glasses were timekeepers for the guard and the signal posts. The four-hour glass measured a watch, while the minute glass timed the intervals between signal guns and the paying out of a log line.

184

180

19th October

Brought Over

£ 11317 . 6 . 5

Glass Ware brought Over£ 3 . 4 . 2

31 Water Glasses

1 . ¼

182 Sqrs. 8 by 10

4 . 18 . 7

167 Do. 10 by 12

7 . 13 . 1

8 Do. 13¼ by 18

11

12 Do. 11¼ by 18½

16 . 6

3 Do. 11 by 19

4 . 3

4 Do. 10¼ by 18¼

5 . 8

1 Do. 12 by 15

1 . 2

1 Do. 10 by 16

1 . 1¼

10 Do. 10½ by 17¼

14 . 7

357 Do. 12 by 20

29 . 19 . 2½

504 Do. 6 by 8

6 . 16 . 6

292 Do. 10½ by 17½

10 . 4

66 . 9 . 10

Grindstones 6

16 . 6

Hats viz.

16 Mens Plain

1 Do. Damaged

14 . 19 . 4½

10 Soldiers

1 . 9 . 2

1 Marshals

11 . 6

6 Mens Gold Laced

1 Mans Do. Damaged

13 . 17 . 3½

30 . 17 . 4

Hosiers Ware viz.

7 Pr. Mens India Cotton Stockings

2 . 10 . 2

7 Do. Do. Wove Do.

1 Do. Do. Do. Damaged Do.

1 . 8 . 8

48 Do. Womens Stockings

6 . 12

24 Do. Girls Do.

2 . 7

3 Do. Boys Do.

9 . 9½

101 Do. Madras Do.

38 . 8 . ¼

614 Do. Mens Ordy. Thd. Do.

95 . 1 . 7

24 Do. Do. fine Thd. Do.

8 . 4 . 10

19 Do. Black Worsted Do.

6 . 3 . 1

17 Do. Do. Silk Do.

14 . 6

8 Pr. Black Worsted Breeches

4 . 8

4 Pr. Scarlet Do.

2 . 14 . 7¼

181 . 10 . 3

Carried Over

£ 11597 . 4

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with glass, grindstones, hats and hosiery.

Brought forward, £11,317 6s 5d

Glassware brought forward, £3 4s 2d

Water glasses, 31, £1 0s 4d

Window glass, panes of 8 by 10 inches, 182, £4 18s 7d

Window glass, panes of 10 by 12 inches, 167, £7 13s 1d

Window glass, panes of 13½ by 18 inches, 8, £0 11s 0d

Window glass, panes of 11½ by 18½ inches, 12, £0 16s 6d

Window glass, panes of 11 by 19 inches, 3, £0 4s 3d

Window glass, panes of 10¼ by 18¾ inches, 4, £0 5s 8d

Window glass, pane of 12 by 15 inches, 1, £0 1s 2d

Window glass, pane of 10 by 16 inches, 1, £0 1s 1¼d

Window glass, panes of 14½ by 17¼ inches, 10, £0 14s 7d

Window glass, panes of 12 by 20 inches, 357, £29 19s 2½d

Window glass, panes of 6 by 8 inches, 504, £6 16s 6d

Window glass, panes of 10½ by 12½ inches, 292, £10 4s 0d

Glassware, total, £66 9s 10d

Grindstones, 6, £0 16s 6d

Men's plain hats, 16, with 1 damaged, £14 19s 4½d

Soldiers' hats, 10, £1 9s 2d

Marshal's hat, 1, £0 11s 6d

Men's gold-laced hats, 6, with 1 damaged, £13 17s 3½d

Hats, total, £30 17s 4d

Men's Indian cotton stockings, 7 pairs, £2 10s 2d

Women's Indian cotton stockings, 7 pairs, with 1 pair damaged, £1 8s 8d

Women's stockings, 48 pairs, £6 12s 0d

Girls' stockings, 24 pairs, £2 7s 0d

Boys' stockings, 3 pairs, £0 9s 9½d

Madras stockings, 101 pairs, £38 8s 0¼d

Men's ordinary thread stockings, 674 pairs, £94 1s 7d

Men's fine thread stockings, 24 pairs, £8 4s 10d

Black worsted stockings, 19 pairs, £6 3s 1d

Silk stockings, 17 pairs, £14 0s 6d

Black worsted breeches, 8 pairs, £4 8s 0d

Scarlet breeches, 4 pairs, £2 14s 7¼d

Hosiery, total, £181 10s 3d

Carried forward, £11,597 0s 4d

Interpretations

The window glass was held in a dozen different sizes, from small panes of 6 by 8 inches to large ones of 12 by 20 inches. Each size matched the sashes of a particular building on the island, since a broken pane could only be replaced by one cut to the same frame. The 357 large panes of 12 by 20 inches, worth almost £30, were probably for the better houses and public buildings in Jamestown, where larger lights had become a mark of status. The small 6 by 8 inch panes suited the barracks and outlying posts. Holding so wide a range shows the Company acting as the island's only glazier's merchant, since no glass could be had except from its warehouse.

Madras stockings were knitted or woven from fine cotton on the Coromandel coast and cost more than three times as much as English thread stockings. They were valued in warm weather and sold mainly to officers and the better-off inhabitants. The marshal's hat was for the provost marshal, the officer responsible for military discipline, arrests and the custody of prisoners, whose distinct hat marked his authority on parade and in the streets.

185

181

1772

Brought Over

£ 11597 . 4

Hooks & Lines viz.

19125 No. 6

48 . 15 . 1½

3300 8

9 . 12 . 6

2200 9

3 . 3 . 3

8500 10

7 . 1 . 8

2150 11

1 . 11 . 3

3325 12

3 . 19 . 10½

7250 13

3 . 6 . 5

1550 14

14 . 2½

735 large 15

8 . 8 . 5½

3375 16

10 . 10½

Hooks

52 doz No. 2

8 . 16 . 2½

76 Do. 3

14 . 9 . 1½

41 Do. 4

9 . 3 . 7½

15 Hambro

1 . . 10

11 Log

10 . 9¼

9 Deep Sea

2 . 5

2 Knot Lash

2 . 8

lb 3 Whip Cord

11 . 4½

Lines

124 . 9 . 3

Haberdashery viz.

lb 7¼ Silk

13 . 1

7¼ Mohair

13 . 13 . 10

213½ doz Do. Coat Buttons

6 . 8 . 11

197½ Do. Do. Breast Do.

3 . 3 . 5

67 Do. Silver Wire Coat Do.

15 . 7 . 1

2½ Do. Do. Breast Do.

5 . 6

11 Do. Do. Plate Coat Do.

4 Do. Do. Do. Damaged

19 . 8

9 Do. Do. Breast

2½ Do. Do. Damaged

7 . 9½

10½ Do. Gilt Coat Buttons

1 . 1 . 8

40 Do. Do. Breast Do.

3 Do. Do. Do. Damaged

1 . 8 . 8½

8 Gro. 8½ Do. White Waistcoat Buttons

19 . 4

4 Do. Shirt Do.

9

13½ doz Gold Basket Coat Do.

3 . 11 . 10

13½ Do. Do. Breast Do.

1 . 7 . 11¼

Haberdashery Carried Over

£ 62 . 5 . 8½

Carried Over

£ 11721 . 9 . 7

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with fishing tackle and haberdashery.

Brought forward, £11,597 0s 4d

Fish hooks number 6, 19,125, £48 15s 1½d

Fish hooks number 8, 3,300, £9 12s 6d

Fish hooks number 9, 2,200, £3 3s 3d

Fish hooks number 10, 8,500, £7 1s 8d

Fish hooks number 11, 2,150, £1 11s 3d

Fish hooks number 12, 5,325, £3 19s 10½d

Fish hooks number 13, 7,250, £3 6s 5d

Fish hooks number 14, 1,550, £0 14s 2½d

Large fish hooks number 15, 735, £8 8s 5½d

Fish hooks number 16, 3,375, £0 16s 10½d

Fishing lines number 2, 52 dozen, £8 16s 2½d

Fishing lines number 3, 76 dozen, £14 9s 1½d

Fishing lines number 4, 41 dozen, £9 3s 7½d

Hamber lines, 15, £1 0s 10d

Log lines, 11, £0 10s 9¼d

Deep-sea lines, 9, £2 5s 0d

[...] lines, 2, £0 2s 8d

Whipcord, 3 lb, £0 11s 4½d

Hooks and lines, total, £124 9s 3d

Silk, 7¼ lb, £13 1s 0d

Mohair, 7½ lb, £13 13s 10d

Mohair coat buttons, 213½ dozen, £6 8s 11d

Mohair breast buttons, 197½ dozen, £3 3s 5d

Silver coat buttons, 67 dozen, £15 7s 1d

Silver breast buttons, 2½ dozen, £0 5s 6d

Plated coat buttons, 11 dozen, with 4 dozen damaged, £0 19s 8d

Plated breast buttons, 9 dozen, with 2½ dozen damaged, £0 7s 9½d

Gilt coat buttons, 10½ dozen, £1 1s 8d

Gilt breast buttons, 40 dozen, with 3 dozen damaged, £1 8s 8½d

White waistcoat buttons, 8 gross and 8½ dozen, £0 19s 4d

Metal waistcoat buttons, 4 gross, £0 9s 0d

Gold basket coat buttons, 13½ dozen, £3 11s 10d

Gold basket breast buttons, 13½ dozen, £1 7s 11½d

Haberdashery carried forward, £62 5s 8½d

Carried forward, £11,721 9s 7d

Interpretations

The warehouse held more than 53,000 fish hooks in ten sizes, together with over 160 dozen lines. This was far beyond anything the Company's own boats could use, and it shows that fishing was a mainstay of the island's food supply. The Company sold hooks and lines to inhabitants, soldiers and slaves, so that the sea around the island supplemented the salt meat and rice of the stores. Number 6 hooks, the largest regular size at almost 20,000, were probably for the deep-water fish caught off the cliffs and from boats. A log line was the knotted line paid out astern from a ship to measure its speed. Hamber line was a small tightly laid line used for lashings.

The buttons reveal the gradations of dress among the island's population. Mohair buttons were worked in dyed goat's-hair thread over a wooden mould and were the cheap, everyday fastening for working coats. Plated, gilt and silver buttons served officers and the better-off inhabitants. Gold basket buttons were made by weaving gold thread over a mould in a basketwork pattern, and they were the costliest of all, at more than 5s a dozen for the coat size. Breast buttons were the smaller size used on waistcoats and coat cuffs, and they were always sold in sets matched to the larger coat buttons.

186

182

19th October

Brought Over

£ 11721 . 9 . 7

Haberdashery brought Over£ 62 . 5 . 8½

5 Ps. Worsted Cord

11 . 3

11 Ps. Galloon

2 . 17 . 3¼

4 Ps. Braid

11

14¼ Yds. Tabby

6 . 4 . 1½

5 Gro. Broad Worsted Lace

4 . 9 . 10¼

lb 29 Whale Bone

8 . 14 . ½

305½ Yds. Broad Gold Lace

61 . 7

176¼ Do. Narrow Do.

22 . 15 . 3¾

4 Cockades

1 . 4

19 Ps. Tape

10 . 2½

23 Ps. Carnation Tape

8 . 7½

23 Pr. Gold Garters

8 . 4 . 10

178 . 15 . 10

Iron Pots 2 Iron Kettles

2 . 3 . 7

Iron & Steel viz.

C. qr. lb 269 . 2 . 20 Iron

240 . 5 . 6

10 . 2 . 6 Steel

25 . 6

265 . 11 . 6

Iron Ware viz.

24 Splinter Locks

11

20 Pad Do.

1 . 7 . 6

1 Cart Pad Do.

7 . 2

1 Brass Pad Do.

5

1 Do. with Brass Knobs

7 . 6

35 Stock Locks

4 . 16 . 11½

10 Chest Do.

1 . 19 . 6½

14 Iron rimd. Do. S Bolted

15 . 13 . 10

6 Pullback Do.

4 . 14 . 6

4 Iron rimd. Do. with Brass Knobs

1 . 5 . 3

6 Do. Do. & Pullbacks

1 . 6 . 10½

10 Brass Plate Do.

7 . 4 . 7

38 Pr. Shutter Hinges

4 . 9

87 Pr. H L Hinges

6 . 14 . 1½

28 Broad Hoes

3 . . 8

1 Grubbg. Do.

2 . 11

18 Pr. Sheep Sheers

1 . 2 . 2¼

Iron Ware Carried Over

Carried Over

£ 12158 . 6

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with trimmings, iron, steel and ironmongery.

Brought forward, £11,721 9s 7d

Haberdashery brought forward, £62 5s 8½d

[...] cord, 5 pieces, £0 11s 3d

Galloon, 11 pieces, £2 17s 3¼d

Braid, 4 pieces, £0 11s 0d

Tabby, 14¼ yards, £6 4s 1½d

Broad worsted lace, 5 gross, £4 9s 10¼d

Whalebone, 29 lb, £8 14s 0½d

Broad gold lace, 305½ yards, £61 7s 0d

Narrow gold lace, 176¾ yards, £22 15s 3¾d

Cockades, 4, £0 1s 4d

Tape, 19 pieces, £0 10s 2½d

Carnation tape, 23 pieces, £0 8s 7½d

Gold garters, 23 pairs, £8 4s 10d

Haberdashery, total, £178 15s 10d

Iron pots and iron kettles, £21 3s 7d

Bar iron, 269 cwt 2 qr 20 lb, £240 5s 6d

Steel, 13 cwt 2 qr 6 lb, £25 6s 0d

Iron and steel, total, £265 11s 6d

[...] locks, 24, £0 11s 0d

Padlocks, 20, £1 7s 6d

[...] padlock, 1, £0 7s 2d

Brass door lock, 1, £0 5s 0d

Brass door lock with brass knobs, 1, £0 7s 6d

Stock locks, 35, £4 16s 11½d

Chest locks, 19, £1 19s 6½d

Iron rim locks with S bits, 14, £15 13s 10d

Pull-back locks, 6, £4 14s 6d

Iron rim locks with brass knobs, 4, £1 5s 3d

Iron rim locks with pull-backs, 6, £1 6s 10½d

Brass plate locks, 10, £7 4s 7d

Shutter hinges, 38 pairs, £4 0s 9d

H hinges, 57 pairs, £6 14s 1½d

Broad hoes, 28, £3 0s 8d

Grubbing hoe, 1, £0 2s 11d

Stirrup irons, 18 pairs, £1 2s 2¼d

Ironware carried forward, £0 0s 0d

Carried forward, £12,158 0s 6d

Interpretations

The warehouse held more than 13 tons of bar iron, worth £240 5s 6d, and over half a ton of steel. All the island's ironwork, from cramps for the landing place to hinges, tools and cart tyres, had to be forged locally from this stock, since there was no ore or smelting on St Helena. The Company's smiths drew bar iron from the store and worked it to order, and inhabitants bought it to have their own work done. Steel was kept separately in smaller quantity because it was far dearer and was used only for cutting edges, springs and tool points, welded onto an iron body.

The gold lace, at more than 480 yards and £84 2s 3¾d, was the costliest trimming in store and was used on officers' hats, coats and waistcoats. Galloon was a narrow woven braid of silk, worsted or metal thread for binding edges. Tabby was a heavy silk with a watered or wavy sheen, used for waistcoats and women's gowns. Whalebone, strips of baleen from the mouths of whales, stiffened women's stays and the skirts of men's coats. Carnation was the period name for a pale flesh-pink colour. Stock locks were mounted in a wooden case and fitted to outer doors, and H hinges took their name from the shape of their two leaves when opened flat.

187

183

1772

Brought Over

£ 12158 . 6

Iron Ware brought Over

4 Adzes

12

22 Gouges

2 . 4

5 Edging Irons

19 . 5¾

72 Pickaxes

12 . 12 . 5½

5 Augers

14 . 2

23 Taper Bitts

10 . 3½

40 Brass Rings

8

7 Drill Bows

13 . 9

42 Masons Stone Hammers

6 . 4 . 3

22 Coopers Punches

1 . 8 . 5

9 Do. Cold Chisels

10 . 1½

1 Slitting Saw

6 . 11

9 Garden Hoes

11 . 7½

lb 10 Binding Wire

14 . 1½

1 Pr. Large Iron Dandies

2 . 6

7 Do. Garden Sheers

1 . 3 . 4½

1 Jointer Plane

7 . 5½

7 Coopers Spoke Shaves

14

26 Bitts for Bracing Stocks

8 . 8

3 Hand Round Shaves

5 . 10½

17 Dutch Hoes

2 . 8 . 9

92 Spades

17 . 8 . 9

37 Steel Shovels

3 . 4 . 9

46 Iron Do.

10 . 5 . 1

19 Stone Saws

3 . 16

7 Melting Ladles

4 . 8 . 8

lb 448 Rod Iron

4 . 13 . 4

30 Ash Helves

17 . 6

12 Do. for Hammers

3

¼ Flour Emery

1 . 3¾

11½ Spelter

1 . 3

3 Borax

2 . 3 . 3

7 Putty

1 . 8

½ Mash Emery

1 . 1

74 Plane Irons

1 . 7 . 9

8 Sets Jack Wheels

2 . 19 . 10

Iron Ware Carried Over

£ 141 . 8 . 11½

Carried Over

£ 12158 . 6

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with tools and ironmongery for the island's trades.

Brought forward, £12,158 0s 6d

Adzes, 4, £0 12s 0d

Gouges, 22, £2 0s 4d

Edging irons, 5, £0 19s 5¾d

Pickaxes, 72, £12 12s 5½d

Augers, 5, £0 14s 2d

Taper bits, 33, £0 10s 3½d

Brass rings, 40, £0 8s 0d

Drill bows, 7, £0 15s 9d

Masons' stone hammers, 42, £6 4s 3d

Coopers' punches, 22, £1 8s 5d

Coopers' cold chisels, 9, £0 10s 1½d

Slitting saw, 1, £0 6s 11d

Garden hoes, 9, £0 11s 7½d

Binding wire, 10 [...], £0 14s 1½d

Large iron dividers, 1 pair, £0 2s 6d

Garden shears, 7 pairs, £1 3s 1½d

Jointer plane, 1, £0 7s 5¾d

Coopers' spokeshaves, 7, £0 14s 0d

Bits for boring stocks, 26, £0 8s 8d

Hand round shaves, 3, £0 5s 10½d

Dutch hoes, 17, £2 8s 9d

Spades, 93, £17 8s 9d

Shod shovels, 37, £3 4s 9d

Iron shovels, 46, £10 5s 1d

Stone saws, 19, £3 16s 0d

Melting ladles, 8, £4 8s 8d

Rod iron, 448 lb, £4 13s 4d

Ash helves, 30, £0 17s 6d

Ash helves for hammers, 12, £0 3s 0d

Flour emery, ¾ lb, £0 1s 3¾d

Spelter, 11½ lb, £1 3s 0d

Borax, 3 lb, £2 3s 3d

Putty, 7 lb, £0 1s 8d

[...] emery, ½ lb, £0 1s 1d

Plane irons, 74, £1 7s 9d

Jacks with wheels, 8 sets, £2 13s 10d

Ironware carried forward, £141 8s 11½d

Carried forward, £12,158 0s 6d

Interpretations

The running total carried forward was unchanged from the previous page, at £12,158 0s 6d. The clerk kept the ironware as a separate running sub-account across several pages and would add its total to the main sum only once the whole class had been listed. The page itself shows how many skilled trades the island maintained under the Company. Coopers' tools stood beside masons' hammers and stone saws, carpenters' planes and gouges, and gardeners' hoes and shears. Coopering was essential at St Helena, since every cask of beef, pork, flour and arrack had to be opened, repaired and refilled, and water casks had to be made tight for the ships that watered in the roads.

Spelter was the trade name for zinc, used with copper to make brass solder. Borax served as the flux that let solder flow cleanly and bond metal in brazing. Flour emery was emery ground to the finest powder for polishing metal. A drill bow drove a small drill by a cord wrapped round its spindle and pulled back and forth, the usual way of boring small holes in metal. The jacks with wheels were clockwork or weight-driven roasting jacks, which turned a spit before a kitchen fire by a train of gears.

188

184

19th October

Brought Over

£ 12158 . 6

Iron Ware brought Over£ 141 . 8 . 11½

2 Coopers Jointers

1 . 5 . 8

6 Jack Wheels

10 . 4½

3 Do. weights & Pullies

1 . 7

20 Joynd Squares

1 . 5

107 Blank Keys

3 . 6 . 10½

4 Hasps & Staples Hammered Iron

3 . 10 . 10

lb 170 Plate Iron

3 . 3 . 9

33 Masons Hammers

11 . 4 . 6½

106 Small Fryg. Pans

10 . 8 . 4½

1 Pr. Screw Stocks

11 . 7

10 Sickles

9 . 7

5 Garden Rakes

11 . 6¾

18 Rag Stones

5 . 7½

40 Scythe Do.

9 . 2

4 Joiners Rubstones

1 . 1 . 10

85 Drill Boxes

4 . 5

2 Joiners Hatchets

4

40 Plast. Trowels

3 . 8 . 4

24 Bricklayers Do.

2 . 11

92 Packing Needles

13 . 5

20 Pr. H L Hinges & Rising Joints

3 . 3 . 4

11 Pr. Shutter Do. with Do.

1 . 4 . 9

44 Do. Dovetail Do.

1 . 5 . 8

19 Do. Do. Large

6 . 16 . 11½

2 Whip Saws

4 . 13 . 6½

1 Cross Cut Saw

1 . 5 . 9

3 Gunsmith Saws

2 . 1 . 3

2 Turning Do.

4

1 Frame Saw

1 . 13 . 2

2 Smiths Riving Saw Files

3 . 5

26 Spike Gimblets

8 . 6

4 Wood Wedges

2 . 8

3 Jack Spits

1 . 8 . 9

539 Files

17 . 1 . 9

10 Rubber Do.

2 . 18 . 4

41 Farriers Rasps

2 . 1 . 10¼

Iron Ware Carried Over

Carried Over

£ 12158 . 6

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with further tools, hardware and kitchen iron.

Brought forward, £12,158 0s 6d

Ironware brought forward, £141 8s 11½d

Coopers' jointers, 2, £1 5s 8d

Jack wheels, 6, £0 10s 4½d

Jack weights and pulleys, 3, £1 7s 0d

[...] spears, 20, £1 5s 0d

Blank keys, 107, £3 6s 10½d

Half-flat hammered iron, 4 [...], £3 10s 10d

Slit iron, [...], £3 3s 9d

Masons' hammers, 33, £11 4s 6½d

Small frying pans, 106, £10 8s 4½d

Screw stocks, 1 pair, £0 11s 7d

Sickles, 10, £0 9s 7d

Garden rakes, 5, £0 11s 6¼d

Rag stones, 18, £0 5s 7½d

Scythe stones, 40, £0 9s 2d

Joiners' rubstones, 8, £1 1s 10d

Drill boxes, 83, £4 5s 0d

Joiners' hatchets, 2, £0 4s 0d

Plasterers' trowels, 40, £3 8s 4d

Bricklayers' trowels, 24, £2 11s 0d

Packing needles, 92, £0 13s 5d

H hinges with [...] joints, 20 pairs, £3 3s 4d

Shutter hinges with [...] joints, 11 pairs, £1 4s 9d

Dovetail hinges, 44 pairs, £1 5s 8d

Large dovetail hinges, 19 pairs, £6 16s 11½d

Whipsaws, 2, £4 13s 6½d

Crosscut saw, 1, £1 5s 9d

Smiths' saws, 2, £2 1s 3d

Turning saws, 2, £0 4s 0d

Frame saw, 1, £1 13s 2d

Smiths' saw files, 2, £0 3s 5d

Spike gimlets, 26, £0 8s 6d

Stone wedges, 4, £0 2s 8d

Jack spits, 3, £1 8s 9d

Files, 639, £17 1s 9d

Rubber files, 10, £2 18s 4d

Farriers' rasps, 41, £2 1s 10¼d

Ironware carried forward, £0 0s 0d

Carried forward, £12,158 0s 6d

Interpretations

Many of these goods were held for sale to the inhabitants rather than for the Company's own works. A garrison and its public buildings had no use for 106 frying pans, 107 blank keys or more than 600 files. Planters and householders had no other source for such things, since no ironmonger traded on the island independently of the Company's warehouse. Blank keys were uncut keys that a smith filed to fit a particular lock, and their number matches the large stock of locks listed on the previous page.

A whipsaw was a long two-man saw for cutting logs into planks over a saw pit, with one sawyer standing above and the other below. Screw stocks held the dies used to cut threads on iron bolts. Slit iron came from rolling mills that cut iron sheet into narrow rods, ready for nail-making. Rubbers were coarse heavy files for rough work, and farriers' rasps were broad files used to level a horse's hoof before shoeing.

189

185

1772

Brought Over

£ 12158 . 6

Iron Ware brought Over

9 Half round Wood Rasps

5 . 7½

13 Sitting Hammers

4 . 7 . 9

69 Boaster & Broad Tools

8 . 8 . 10½

90 Inch & Point Do.

5 . 10 . 7½

60 Wood Screws

1 . 8

1 Large Jack

7 . 10 . 2

1 Middg. Do.

4 . 18

1 Small Do.

2 . 15 . 5½

2 Plough Planes

19 . 8

4 Axletrees & Winches for Grindstones

14

10 Iron Crows

3 . 2 . 1

34 Scaly & Socket Chisels

2 . 7 . 9

30 Bolt Rope Needles

3 . 1½

228 Sail Do.

4 . 9½

20 Pr. Steel Compasses

13 . 4

1 Pr. Sliding Do.

3 . 10

7 Helves for Garden Hoes

4 . 6

327 Bolt Iron

4 . 8 . 6½

46 Drill Strings

1 . 3 . 5½

2 Hand Vices

7

1 Bench Do.

6 . 9

1 Standing Do.

1 . 18

48 Spring Rat Traps

3 . 13

22 Wire Do.

7 . 15 . 3

42 Mouse Traps

1 . 4 . 2¼

18 Saw Sets

9 . 4

1 Bore Stock

1 . 10

14 Coal Irons

11 . 1

5 Drawing Knives

8 . 9

2 Brass Blow Pipes

1 . 10

11 Pr. Wool Cards

1 . 1 . 6½

12 Wood Axes

1 . 14

22 Masons Stone Axes

7 . 5

3 Smiths Hand Hammers

3 . 9

6 Uphand Do.

1 . 9 . 9

1 Sledge Do.

9 . 4

2 Nailing Do.

7 . 4

Iron Ware Carried Over

Carried Over

£ 12158 . 6

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with masons' and carpenters' tools, vices, traps and smiths' hammers.

Brought forward, £12,158 0s 6d

Half-round wood rasps, 9, £0 5s 7½d

Setting hammers, 13, £4 7s 9d

Boasters and broad tools, 69, £8 8s 10½d

Inch and point tools, 90, £5 10s 7½d

Wood screws, 60, £0 1s 8d

Large jack, 1, £7 10s 2d

Middling jack, 1, £4 18s 0d

Small jack, 1, £2 15s 5½d

Plough planes, 2, £0 19s 8d

Axletrees and winches for grindstones, 4, £0 14s 0d

Iron crows, 10, £3 2s 1d

[...] and socket chisels, 34, £2 7s 9d

Bolt-rope needles, 30, £0 3s 1½d

Sail needles, 228, £0 4s 9¼d

Steel compasses, 20 pairs, £0 13s 4d

Sliding compasses, 1 pair, £0 3s 10d

Helves for garden hoes, 7, £0 4s 6d

Bolt iron, 327 lb, £4 8s 6½d

Drill irons, 46, £1 3s 5¼d

Hand vices, 2, £0 7s 0d

Bench vice, 1, £0 6s 9d

Standing vice, 1, £1 18s 0d

Spring rat traps, 48, £3 13s 0d

[...] rat traps, 22, £7 15s 3d

Mousetraps, 43, £1 4s 2¼d

Saw sets, 13, £0 9s 4d

[...] stock, 1, £0 1s 10d

Caulking irons, 14, £0 11s 1d

Drawing knives, 5, £0 8s 9d

Brass blowpipes, 2, £0 1s 10d

Wool cards, 11 pairs, £1 1s 6½d

Wood axes, 12, £1 14s 0d

Masons' stone axes, 22, £7 5s 0d

Smiths' hand hammers, 3, £0 5s 9d

Uphand hammers, 6, £1 9s 9d

Sledgehammer, 1, £0 9s 4d

Nailing hammers, 2, £0 7s 4d

Ironware carried forward, £0 0s 0d

Carried forward, £12,158 0s 6d

Interpretations

The warehouse held 70 rat traps and 43 mousetraps on top of those already issued to the Plantation gardens during the quarter. Rats had been a scourge of St Helena since the seventeenth century, and they ate seed in the ground, fruit on the trees and grain in store. The Company treated their control as a public charge and kept traps in stock for sale and issue across the island. The 11 pairs of wool cards point to the spinning of local wool. Cards were flat boards set with wire teeth, used in pairs to comb raw wool into a soft roll ready for the spinning wheel. Their presence shows that the island's sheep were kept for fleece as well as meat, and that some household cloth was made at home.

Uphand hammers were heavy sledges swung by a smith's striker with both hands raised overhead, while the smith guided the work with a lighter hand hammer. Setting hammers were flat-faced tools held on hot iron and struck to square up shoulders and corners. The large, middling and small jacks were lifting jacks worked by a rack and pinion, used to raise heavy loads such as gun carriages and stone. Caulking irons were blunt chisels used to drive oakum into the seams of a boat's planking before paying them over with pitch.

190

186

19th October

Brought Over

£ 12158 . 6

Iron Ware brought Over

2 Cast Backs for Forges

1 . 17

3½ Brass Files

15 . 5½

3 Iron Rubbish Riddles

1 . 17 . 5

7 Plast. Sieves

1 . 12 . 10½

46 Truss Hoops

3 . 13 . 10

20 Mauls

9 . 15 . 10

2 Pear Do.

8 . 10

2 Coopers Roundg. Adzes

5 . 5

4 Steel Drivers

6 . 8

27 Brass Boxes for Wheel Barrows

8 . 1

51 Hand Hatchets

4 . 12 . 5¼

lb 2 Yellow Solder

3 . 8

½ Silver Do.

9 . ½

3 Pr. Hand Bellows

10 . 10½

3 Crucibles

11¼

4 Coopers Hollowg. Knives

8

1 Bung Shave

6

5 Bowling Stocks with Springs

7 . 11

63 Masons Beach Mallets

3 . 9 . 11¼

2 Beak Irons

1 . 3 . 5

9 Coopers Jointer Do.

10 . 10½

9 Scolpg. Gouges

6

9 Large Box Irons

3 . 19 . 3¾

5 Small Do.

1 . 13 . 1½

3½ lb Fish Hasps

1 . 11 . 2

3½ Dragons Blood

5 . ½

60 Iron Wire

2 . 5

3 Iron Chains for Long Boats

6 . 19 . 10½

10 Chaffing Dishes

2 . 9 . 7

4 Corn Mills

24 . 14 . 6

23 two Feet Rules

1 . 3

5 Pr. Cross Garnet Hinges

1 . 6 . 8

23 Claw Hammers

1 . 14 . 6

2 Coopers Vices

1 . 2

2 Do. Stoving Knives

1 . 6

1 Flaging Iron

1 . 8

Iron Ware Carried Over

Carried Over

£ 12158 . 6

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with smiths' and coopers' tools, mills and other hardware.

Brought forward, £12,158 0s 6d

Cast backs for forges, 2, £1 17s 0d

Brass [...], 5½ [...], £0 15s 5¼d

Iron rubbish riddles, 3, £1 17s 5d

Plasterer's sieve, 1, £1 12s 10½d

Truss hoops, 46, £3 13s 10d

Mauls, 20, £9 15s 10d

[...] mauls, 2, £0 8s 10d

Coopers' round adzes, 2, £0 5s 5d

Steel drivers, 4, £0 6s 8d

Brass boxes for wheelbarrows, 27, £0 8s 1d

Hand hatchets, 51, £4 12s 8¼d

Yellow solder, [...] lb, £0 3s 8d

Silver solder, 1½ lb, £0 9s 0¾d

Hand bellows, 3 pairs, £0 10s 10½d

Crucibles, 3, £0 0s 11¼d

Coopers' hollowing knives, 4, £0 8s 0d

Coopers' buzz shave, 1, £0 6s 0d

[...] stocks with springs, 5, £0 7s 11d

Masons' brick mallets, 63, £3 9s 11¼d

Beak irons, 2, £1 3s 5d

Coopers' jointer irons, 9, £0 10s 10½d

Socket gouges, 9, £0 6s 0d

Large box irons, 7, £3 19s 3¾d

Small box irons, 5, £1 13s 1½d

Fish [...], 3¾ [...], £1 11s 2d

Dragon's blood, 3½ lb, £0 5s 0½d

Iron wire, 63 lb, £2 5s 0d

Iron chains for longboats, 3, £6 19s 10½d

Chafing dishes, 10, £2 9s 7d

Corn mills, 4, £24 14s 6d

Two-foot rules, 23, £1 3s 0d

Cross-garnet hinges, 5 pairs, £1 6s 8d

Claw hammers, 23, £1 14s 6d

Coopers' [...], 9, £0 1s 2d

Coopers' slicing knives, 2, £0 1s 6d

Glazing iron, 1, £0 1s 8d

Ironware carried forward, £0 0s 0d

Carried forward, £12,158 0s 6d

Interpretations

The four corn mills were the most valuable items on the page, at £24 14s 6d. They were iron hand mills of the kind used on ships and in garrisons, with a cranked handle turning grooved plates to crack and grind grain. The island had no water mill or windmill of any size, and grain was ground by hand. Holding mills in store let the Company turn imported paddy and wheat, or grain grown on the island, into meal for the garrison and the slaves if the supply of flour ran short.

Dragon's blood was a deep red resin obtained from the dragon tree of Socotra and from rattan palms in the East Indies. Cabinet-makers used it to colour varnish and stain wood a rich red, and apothecaries used it as an astringent. Box irons were hollow smoothing irons for laundry, heated by a red-hot iron slug slipped inside so the face stayed clean. Chafing dishes held burning charcoal and kept food warm at table. Truss hoops were heavy iron rings that a cooper drove down over the staves to draw a cask into shape before the permanent hoops were fitted. Cast backs were iron plates set at the rear of a smith's forge to protect the brickwork from the heat.

191

187

1772

Brought Over

£ 12158 . 6

Iron Ware brought Over

lb 3½ Tinnd. Tacks

7

1 Cock Borer

3

2 Coffee Mills

14 . 8

1 Tap Borer

1 . 1¼

13 Curry Combs & Brushes

1 . 5 . 7½

44 Sheets Emery Paper

4 . 7

2 Large Frying Pans

8 . 1

10 Coarse Emery

3 . 8

5 Pr. Large Stilyards

2 . 4 . 7

6 Pr. Small Do.

1 . 15

6 Carpenters Adzes

15 . 6

2 Broad Axes

8 . 4

6 Bench Hammers

5 . 6

20 Cupboard Locks

2 . 15 . 5

2 Brass Wire Flour Sieves

10 . 6¾

412 . 15

Kersey 2 Ps. 27 Yds.

5 . 17 . 7

Leather viz.

C. qr. lb 5 . 2 . 18 Sole

30 . 8 . 2

3 Calf Skins

1 . 12

32 . 1 . 2

Long Ells viz.

5 Ps. 3¼ Yds. Blue

10 . 12 . 3

2 Ps. Scarlet

6 . 15

17 . 7 . 3

Lead viz.

C. qr. lb 126 . 2 . 13 Sheet

134 . 14 . 9½

90 . 3 . 3 Pig

79 . 16 . 2

2 . 9 Small Shot

13 . 6½

10 Yds. 2 Inch Pipe

4 . 15 . 9

220

Masts viz.

3 Top Masts

45 . 13 . 6

2 Spars

3 . 16

1 Sheer Mast

17 . 10

66 . 19 . 6

Carried Over

£ 12913 . 1

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with the last of the ironware, followed by kersey, leather, long ells, lead and masts.

Brought forward, £12,158 0s 6d

Tinned tacks, 3½ [...], £0 7s 0d

Cock box, 1, £0 3s 0d

Coffee mills, 2, £0 14s 8d

Tap borer, 1, £0 1s 1¼d

Currycombs and brushes, 13, £1 5s 7½d

Emery paper, 24 sheets, £0 4s 7d

Large frying pans, 2, £0 8s 1d

Coarse emery, 10 lb, £0 3s 8d

Large steelyards, 5 pairs, £2 4s 7d

Small steelyards, 6 pairs, £1 15s 0d

Carpenters' adzes, 6, £0 15s 6d

Broad axes, 2, £0 8s 4d

Bench hammers, 6, £0 5s 6d

Cupboard locks, 10, £2 15s 5d

Brass-wire hair sieves, 2, £0 10s 6¾d

Ironware, total, £412 15s 0d

Kersey, 2 pieces measuring 27 yards, £5 17s 7d

Sole leather, 5 cwt 2 qr 18 lb, £30 8s 2d

Calfskins, 3, £1 12s 0d

Leather, total, £32 0s 2d

Blue long ells, 5 pieces and 3¾ yards, £10 12s 3d

Scarlet long ells, 2 pieces, £6 15s 0d

Long ells, total, £17 7s 3d

Sheet lead, 126 cwt 2 qr 13 lb, £134 14s 9½d

Pig lead, 92 cwt 3 qr 2 lb, £79 16s 2d

Small shot, 0 cwt 2 qr 9 lb, £0 13s 6½d

Lead pipe of 2 inches, 10 yards, £4 15s 9d

Lead, total, £220 0s 0d

Topmasts, 3, £45 13s 6d

Spars, 2, £3 16s 0d

Sheer mast, 1, £17 10s 0d

Masts, total, £66 19s 6d

Carried forward, £12,913 1s 0d

Interpretations

The ironware sub-account, kept running over six pages, closed at £412 15s 0d and was only now added to the main total. Long ells were a light, hard-wearing woollen serge woven in Devon and Somerset. The Company bought them in great quantity as its principal English export to Canton, where they were dyed and made up into winter clothing. Their presence in the St Helena warehouse shows the island drawing on cargo bought for the China market, probably landed from an outward ship. Blue and scarlet were the two colours the Chinese market favoured most.

The lead in store amounted to nearly 11 tons, worth £220 0s 0d. Sheet lead covered roofs, gutters and the flats of the batteries, while pig lead was melted down for fixing stonework, casting shot and making pipe. The steelyards were balances with a single sliding weight on a long graduated arm. They were standard in the warehouses because one beam could weigh heavy loads, such as casks of beef and bales of cloth, without a large set of weights.

192

188

19th October

Brought Over

£ 12913 . 1

Nails viz.

C. qr. lb 1 . 2 . 2 2

6 . 6 . 1½

7 . 3 . 5 3

32 . 14 . 9

10 . 1 . 3 4

33 . 18 . 7½

12 . 3 . 17 6

38 . 8 . 5

23 . 1 10

63 . 15 . 5

9 . 3 . 14 20

20 . 12 . 8¼

2 . 1 . 1 40

4 . 14 . 10½

10 . 2 . 8 Flooring Brads

29 . 12

1 . 25 Scupper Nails

1 . 8 . 8½

1 . 4 Coopers Rivets

1 . 1 . 1½

17 Glazg. Brads

1 . 6½

20 Barrack Nails

6 . 8

6 . 1 . 11 Spikes

11 . 2 . ½

1 . 1 . 16 Dog

5 . 9½

250 . 2 . 9

Oil viz.

171 Galls. Linseed

35 . 14 . 9½

102 Do. Train

17 . 3 . ½

52 . 17 . 10

Oars viz.

45 Long Boats

11 16 feet long

13 . 18 . 5¼

6 14 Do. Do.

3 . 19 . 1¾

17 . 7 . 7

Paint viz.

C. qr. lb 15 . 1 . 19 Whiting

1 . 15 . 11½

2 . 4 Umber

14 . 8

21 Stone Oaker dry

9 . 1½

1 . . 10 Indico

10 . 10 . 11½

4 . 1 . 5 White Lead dry

6 . 19 . 3¼

1 . 2 . 13 Stone Colour

3 . 13 . 2½

3 . 2 Olive Do.

7 . 12 . 3½

1 . 1 . 13 Verdigrease

35 . 3 . 11¼

1 . . 9 Yellow Oaker dry

1 . 5 . 2½

2 Log Wood

10 . 2

1 . 19 Black Lead

2 . 12 . 10½

Paint Carried Over

£ 73 . 8 . 2½

Carried Over

£ 13233 . 19 . 2

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with nails, oil, oars and paint.

Brought forward, £12,913 1s 0d

Twopenny nails, 1 cwt 2 qr 2 lb, £6 6s 1½d

Threepenny nails, 7 cwt 3 qr 5 lb, £32 14s 9d

Fourpenny nails, 10 cwt 1 qr 3 lb, £33 18s 7½d

Sixpenny nails, 12 cwt 3 qr 17 lb, £38 8s 5d

Tenpenny nails, 25 cwt 1 qr 0 lb, £63 15s 5d

Twentypenny nails, 9 cwt 3 qr 14 lb, £20 12s 8¼d

Fortypenny nails, 2 cwt 1 qr 1 lb, £4 14s 10½d

Sheathing brads, 10 cwt 2 qr 8 lb, £29 12s 0d

Scupper nails, 0 cwt 1 qr 25 lb, £1 8s 8¼d

Coopers' rivets, 0 cwt 1 qr 4 lb, £1 1s 1½d

Glazing brads, 0 cwt 0 qr 17 lb, £1 0s 6½d

Barrack nails, 0 cwt 0 qr 20 lb, £0 6s 8d

Spikes, 6 cwt 1 qr 11 lb, £11 2s 0½d

Rag nails, 1 cwt 1 qr 16 lb, £3 0s 9¼d

Nails, total, £250 2s 9d

Linseed oil, 171 gallons, £35 14s 9½d

Train oil, 102 gallons, £17 3s 0½d

Oil, total, £52 17s 10d

Longboat oars, 45, £13 18s 5¼d

Oars 16 feet long, 11, and oars 14 feet long, 6, £3 19s 1¼d

Oars, total, £17 7s 7d

Whiting, 15 cwt 1 qr 19 lb, £1 15s 11½d

Umber, 0 cwt 2 qr 4 lb, £0 14s 8d

Stone ochre, dry, 0 cwt 0 qr 21 lb, £0 9s 1¾d

Indigo, 1 cwt 0 qr 10 lb, £10 10s 11½d

Dry white lead, 4 cwt 1 qr 5 lb, £6 19s 3¾d

Stone colour, 1 cwt 2 qr 13 lb, £3 13s 2½d

Olive colour, 0 cwt 3 qr 2 lb, £7 12s 3¾d

Verdigris, 1 cwt 1 qr 13 lb, £35 3s 11¼d

Yellow ochre, dry, 1 cwt 0 qr 9 lb, £1 5s 2¾d

Logwood, 0 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, £0 10s 2d

Black lead, 0 cwt 1 qr 19 lb, £2 12s 10½d

Paint carried forward, £73 8s 2¾d

Carried forward, £13,233 19s 2d

Interpretations

Verdigris was by far the costliest paint in store, at £35 3s 11¼d for about 150 lb. It was a green pigment made by exposing copper plates to vinegar, produced mainly at Montpellier in France. It was prized for doors, shutters and ironwork because it gave a strong green and checked rot in timber, though it was poisonous to handle. The large stock suggests that green was the standard colour for the Company's buildings and gun carriages on the island.

Sheathing brads were flat-headed nails used to fix the thin outer boarding, or sheathing, nailed over a ship's hull below the waterline as a sacrificial layer against shipworm. More than half a ton in store shows that the island expected to sheath and repair vessels as well as its own boats. Black lead was graphite, rubbed onto iron stoves, grates and gun fittings to blacken them and resist rust. Logwood was the heartwood of a Central American tree, chipped and boiled to give a black or purple dye. Indigo, from the leaves of the indigo plant grown in India and the Carolinas, gave the blue used for paint and for colouring whitewash.

193

189

1772

Brought Over

£ 13233 . 19 . 2

Paint brought Over£ 73 . 8 . 2½

C. qr. lb 1 . . 21 Blue Black

6 . . 10

27 Blue Smalts

2 . 6 . 8¼

3 . 22 Vermillion

29 . 7 . 5

6 lb Prussian Blue

7 . 9 . 6

5 Distilld. Verdigrease

2 . 15 . 7

5 Flake White

8

1 . 17 White Lead mixd.

16 . 10½

1 . 1 . 22 Chalk

6 . 9

9 . 1 . 3 Brimstone

8 . 13 . 2

2 . 15 White Copperas

3 . 9 . 6¼

1 . 1 . 19 Red Lead

1 . 13 . 1½

2 . 2 . 10 Ven. Red mixd.

6 . 6 . 10½

4 . 3 . 6 Do. Do. dry

5 . 12 . 1

3 . 4 Yellow Oaker mixd.

2 . 2 . 2

1 . 3 . 11 Blue Paint

23 . 18 . 8¼

85 Bott. Blacking

2 . 2 . 6

176 . 18

Pewter viz.

5 Quart Funnels

11 . 8

5 Do. Pots

15

5 half Gallon Do.

1 . 8 . 6

3 Gallon Do.

1 . 7 . 5

4 Cranes

3 . 9 . 4

1 Cullender

8 . 2

3 Basons

12 . 11

19 Water Plates

4 . 15 . 9½

3 Pint Pots

3 . 10½

11 Close Stool Pans

2 . 16 . 6

16 . 11 . 2

Pease 16⅞ Bushels

4 Do. Damaged

8 . 19 . 5

Pumps 1

12 . 13 . 5

Pitch & Tar viz.

53½ Barls. Pitch

69 . 8 . 7½

31 Do. Tar

34 . 2 . 6½

17½ Do. Rozin

4 . 7 . 6

17½ Do. Turpentine

6 . . 6

106 . 19 . 2

Carried Over

£ 13556 . 4

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with paint, pewter, pease, a pump and naval stores.

Brought forward, £13,233 19s 2d

Paint brought forward, £73 8s 2¾d

Blue black, 1 cwt 0 qr 21 lb, £6 0s 10d

Blue smalt, 0 cwt 0 qr 27 lb, £2 6s 8¼d

Vermilion, 0 cwt 3 qr 22 lb, £29 7s 5d

Prussian blue, 0 cwt 0 qr 6 lb, £7 9s 6d

Distilled verdigris, 0 cwt 0 qr 5 lb, £2 15s 7d

Flake white, 0 cwt 0 qr 5 lb, £0 8s 0d

White lead mixed in oil, 0 cwt 1 qr 17 lb, £0 16s 10½d

Chalk, 1 cwt 1 qr 22 lb, £0 6s 9d

Brimstone, 9 cwt 1 qr 3 lb, £8 13s 2d

White copperas, 0 cwt 2 qr 15 lb, £3 9s 6¼d

Red lead, 1 cwt 1 qr 19 lb, £1 13s 1½d

Venetian red mixed in oil, 2 cwt 2 qr 10 lb, £6 6s 10½d

Venetian red, dry, 4 cwt 3 qr 6 lb, £5 12s 1d

Yellow ochre mixed in oil, 0 cwt 3 qr 4 lb, £2 2s 2d

Blue paint, 1 cwt 3 qr 11 lb, £23 18s 8¼d

Blacking, 85 papers, £2 2s 6d

Paint, total, £176 18s 0d

Pewter quart funnels, 5, £0 11s 8d

Pewter quart pots, 5, £0 15s 0d

Pewter half-gallon pots, 5, £1 8s 6d

Pewter gallon pots, 3, £1 7s 5d

Pewter cranes, 4, £3 9s 4d

Pewter colander, 1, £0 8s 2d

Pewter basins, 3, £0 12s 11d

Pewter water plates, 19, £4 15s 9¼d

Pewter pint pots, 3, £0 5s 10½d

Pewter close-stool pans, 11, £2 16s 6d

Pewter, total, £16 11s 2d

Pease, 16⅞ bushels, with 4 bushels damaged, £8 19s 5d

Pump, 1, £12 13s 5d

Pitch, 53½ barrels, £63 8s 7½d

Tar, 31 barrels, £34 2s 6½d

Rosin, 1¾ barrels, £4 7s 6d

Turpentine, 1½ barrels, £6 0s 6d

Pitch and tar, total, £106 19s 2d

Carried forward, £13,556 0s 4d

Interpretations

The paint stock reached £176 18s 0d, and a handful of costly pigments accounted for much of it. Vermilion was a brilliant red made from mercury and sulphur, worth over 7s a pound. It was used sparingly for the Company's colours, gun carriages and the gilding and lettering on public buildings. Prussian blue had been discovered in Berlin only about 70 years earlier and was still a luxury, at about 25s a pound. Distilled verdigris was the purified crystalline form of the green pigment, finer and brighter than the common sort. Flake white was the purest grade of white lead, used for fine work and artists' painting.

Several pewter articles had specialised uses. Cranes were bent siphon tubes for drawing liquor from a cask without disturbing the sediment. Water plates had a hollow base filled with hot water through a small spout, keeping food warm at table, and they were probably for the officers' mess or the hospital. The pitch and tar, at over 50 barrels of pitch and 31 of tar, show the island holding enough naval stores to careen and pay several ships as well as its own boats.

194

190

19th October

Brought Over

£ 13556 . 4

Salt 38½ Bushels

6 . 11

Starch C. qr. lb 1 . 1 . 11

4 . 1 . 10

Sope 11 . . 10

32 . 6 . 11

Shalloon viz.

9 Ps. Scarlet

34 . 17 . 6

8 Ps. 12½ Yds. Colord.

23 . 7 . 6

58 . 5

Serge viz.

2 Ps. 2 Yds. Brown Fustian

5 . 13 . 6½

5 Ps. White Do.

12 . 1 . 10½

20½ Yds. Scarlet Serge

5 . 16 . 10½

7½ Do. Blue Do.

1 . 11 . 3

25 Do. Scarlet Duffle

10 . 2 . 1½

35 . 5 . 8

Scales & Weights 2 Beams

14 . 6

Saddlery viz.

1 Saddle Compleat

4 . 18 . 4

1 Snaffle Bridle

6 . 2½

6 Half Curb Do.

2 . 13 . 6

1 Crupper

1 . 8¾

10 Surcingles

1 . 8 . 4¼

15 Saddle Cloths

2 . 17 . 9¾

5 Girths

11 . 1¼

5 Pr. Stirrup Leathers

12 . 8½

13 . 9 . 10

Sailors Cloaths viz.

172 Mens Checkd Shirts

1 Do. Do. Damaged

28 . 13 . 2¾

21 Pr. Do. Long Drawers

1 Pr. Do. Do. Damaged

1 . 11 . 7½

11 Pr. Do. Blue Breeches

1 Pr. Do. Do. Damaged

2 . 6 . 6

118 Boys Green Duffle Jackets

31 . 11 . 9½

167 Do. Shirts

23 . 6 . 5½

23 Pr. Do. Long Drawers

1 . 14 . 11½

140 Pr. Do. Breeches

21 . 19 . 7¼

14 Dutch Caps

1 . 1

112 . 5 . 2

Carried Over

£ 13832 . 1 . 8

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with salt, starch, soap, cloth, scales, saddlery and sailors' clothing.

Brought forward, £13,556 0s 4d

Salt, 38½ bushels, £6 0s 11d

Starch, 1 cwt 1 qr 11 lb, £4 1s 10d

Soap, 11 cwt 0 qr 10 lb, £32 6s 11d

Scarlet shalloon, 9 pieces, £34 17s 6d

Coloured shalloon, 8 pieces and 13½ yards, £23 7s 6d

Shalloon, total, £58 5s 0d

Brown [...], 2 pieces and 2 yards, £5 13s 6½d

White [...], 3 pieces, £12 1s 10½d

Scarlet serge, 20½ yards, £5 16s 10½d

Blue serge, 7½ yards, £1 11s 3d

Scarlet duffle, 35 yards, £10 2s 1½d

Serge, total, £35 5s 8d

Scales and weights, 2 beams, £0 14s 6d

Saddle, complete, 1, £4 18s 4d

Snaffle bridle, 1, £0 6s 2½d

Half-curb bridles, 6, £2 13s 6d

Crupper, 1, £0 1s 8¾d

Surcingles, 10, £1 8s 4¾d

Saddle cloths, 15, £2 17s 9¾d

Girths, 3, £0 11s 1¾d

Stirrup leathers, 3 pairs, £0 12s 8½d

Saddlery, total, £13 9s 10d

Men's checked shirts, 172, with 1 damaged, £28 13s 2¼d

Men's long drawers, 21 pairs, with 1 pair damaged, £1 11s 7½d

Men's blue breeches, 11 pairs, with 1 pair damaged, £2 6s 6d

Boys' green duffle jackets, 118, £31 11s 9½d

Boys' shirts, 167, £23 6s 5½d

Boys' long drawers, 29 pairs, £1 14s 11½d

Boys' breeches, 148 pairs, £21 19s 7¼d

Dutch caps, 14, £1 1s 0d

Sailors' clothing, total, £112 5s 2d

Carried forward, £13,832 1s 8d

Interpretations

The stock of boys' clothing was far larger than that held for men. The warehouse held 118 boys' duffle jackets, 167 boys' shirts and 148 pairs of boys' breeches, against only 11 pairs of men's breeches and 21 pairs of men's drawers. These were the same slop garments issued to the Company's slaves during the quarter, when 34 boys' jackets and 13 pairs of boys' breeches went out on the slaves' account. The reserve shows how many slave children the Company expected to clothe in the coming years. It also suggests that the men's slops had been largely issued already, while the boys' sizes accumulated.

Scarlet duffle was a thick napped woollen cloth, here probably intended for the soldiers' watch coats or for blankets. The coloured shalloon, at nearly £60 in store, was the standard lining for the soldiers' coats. Its scarlet and coloured grades matched the facings of the different companies. The soap stock of more than half a ton reflects the Company's responsibility for washing the hospital linen and supplying the garrison, since soap could not be made on the island in any quantity.

195

191

1772

Brought Over

£ 13832 . 1 . 8

Soldiers Cloaths viz.

88 Soldiers Coats & Breeches

129 . 5

5 Matrosses Do.

6 Pr. Do. Breeches Damaged

10 . 19 . 10

1 Marshals Coat & Breeches

2 . 11 . 8

2 Serjeants Do. & Do.

10 . 9

153 . 5 . 6

Sashes viz.

1 Case Turned Newels

2 . 11

1 Do. Carved Brackets Contg. 26

6 . 18

1 Do. Bannisters Do. 70

3 . 2 . 2

1 Do. Containg. Sashes &c.

57 . 19 . 4

1 Do. Glass Squares for Do.

1 . 6 . 6

3 Do. Lead Weights for Do.

7 . 18 . 6

79 . 15 . 6

Shirts viz.

505 Soldiers Shirts

127 . 2 . 6

3½ Ps. Irish Linen

4 . 17 . 9½

44½ Yds. Brown Holland

4 . 2 . ½

12 Ps. Huckaback for Table Cloths

59 . 8

6 Ps. 3/4 wide Do. for Napkins

13 . 4

7 Ps. 10¼ Osnabrigs Diaper

7 . 12 . 2

3 Ps. Irish Diaper for Table Cloths

12 . 16 . 9

4 Ps. Do. Do. for Napkins

9 . 4 . 1

238 . 7 . 4

Shoes viz.

2 Pr. Mens Fine Shoes

11

12 Do. Do. Pumps

3

7 Do. Do. Channel Pumps

2 . 2

2 Do. Boys

6 . 8

4 Do. Womens Calimanco

15 . 4

62 Do. Do. Calf

8 . 2 . 9

7 Do. Girls Calimanco

1 . 1

2 Do. Do. Calf

4

2 Do. Mutchas

5 . 2

358 Do. Mens Ordinary

81 . 5 . 11

97 . 13 . 10

Carried Over

£ 14401 . 3 . 10

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with soldiers' clothing, cased joinery, linen and shoes.

Brought forward, £13,832 1s 8d

Soldiers' coats and breeches, 88 sets, £129 5s 0d

Matrosses' coats and breeches, 5 sets, with 6 pairs of breeches damaged, £10 19s 10d

Marshal's coat and breeches, 1 set, £2 11s 8d

Sergeants' coats and breeches, 2 sets, £10 9s 0d

Soldiers' clothing, total, £153 5s 6d

Turned newels, 1 case, £2 11s 0d

Carved brackets, 1 case containing 26, £6 18s 0d

Balusters, 1 case containing 70, £3 2s 2d

Sash windows and fittings, 1 case, £57 19s 4d

Glass panes for the sashes, 1 case, £1 6s 6d

Lead weights for the sashes, 3 cases, £7 18s 6d

Sashes and joinery, total, £79 15s 6d

Soldiers' shirts, 503, £127 2s 6d

Irish linen, 3½ pieces, £4 17s 9½d

Brown holland, 44½ yards, £4 2s 0½d

Huckaback for tablecloths, 12 pieces, £59 8s 0d

Huckaback ¾ yard wide for napkins, 6 pieces, £13 4s 0d

Imperial diaper, 7 pieces and 10¼ yards, £7 17s 2d

Irish diaper for tablecloths, 3 pieces, £12 16s 9d

Irish diaper for napkins, 4 pieces, £9 4s 1d

Shirts and linen, total, £238 7s 4d

Men's fine shoes, 2 pairs, £0 11s 0d

Men's pumps, 12 pairs, £3 0s 0d

Men's channel pumps, 7 pairs, £2 2s 0d

Boys' shoes, 2 pairs, £0 6s 8d

Women's calamanco shoes, 4 pairs, £0 15s 4d

Women's calf shoes, 63 pairs, £8 2s 9d

Girls' calamanco shoes, 7 pairs, £1 1s 0d

Girls' calf shoes, 2 pairs, £0 4s 0d

[...] shoes, 2 pairs, £0 5s 2d

Men's ordinary shoes, 258 pairs, £81 5s 11d

Shoes, total, £97 13s 10d

Carried forward, £14,401 3s 10d

Interpretations

The cases of sashes, newels, carved brackets and balusters held the parts of a staircase and a set of sash windows made up in England and shipped out ready to fit. The sashes came with their own glass and lead counterweights, which hung inside the window frame on cords to balance the sliding sash. Sending joinery prefabricated in this way spared the island the need for skilled sash-makers and seasoned timber, both of which it lacked. The carved brackets and turned balusters point to a building of some pretension, probably a public building or an official residence, rather than barracks or storehouses.

The linen was mostly for table use in the officers' mess and the better households. Huckaback was a stout linen with a raised, knobbly weave that absorbed well and was the usual cloth for towels and everyday tablecloths. Diaper was a finer linen woven with a small repeating diamond pattern, and the imperial grade was the finest of all. Brown holland was an unbleached linen from the Netherlands used for linings and covers. Calamanco was a glossy worsted cloth, often striped or brocaded, used for the uppers of women's light indoor shoes. The 503 soldiers' shirts held in reserve were close to a full year's issue for the garrison.

196

192

19th October

Brought Over

£ 14401 . 3 . 10

Twine viz.

C. qr. lb 1 . 2 . 15 Twine

10 . 7 . 11

85 Sks. Marline

1 . 1 . 3

lb 58 Cotton Wick

6 . 10 . 6

17 . 19 . 8

Thread viz.

lb 34½ Colord.

5 . 1 . 3

1½ White Brown

9 . 11

6 oz. No. 30

13 . 3

6 . 4 . 5

Ticking viz.

4 Ps. Ticking

4 . 9

8 Ps. 13 Yds. Checkd Do.

20 . 14 . 5

25 . 3 . 5

Tin Ware viz.

14 Canisters

19 . 3

1 Gallon Funnel

2

2 Half Gall. Do.

2 . 6

1 Quart Do.

5½

85 Lanthorn Leaves

18 . ½

25 Double Sheets Tin

10 . 8

13 Single Do.

4 . 4

4 Globe Lamps

1 . 12 . 4

11 Horn Lanthorns

2 . 5 . 4

1 Hand Glass Do.

5 . 6

lb 18½ Solder

12 . 3¼

56 Grained Tin

2 . 16

7 Lamps

5 . 11½

3 Quart Saucepans

1 . 8½

2 Gallon Do. with Covers

5 . 3

11 . 7 . 9

Turners Ware viz.

32 Scrubg. Brushes

4 . 14

28 Hair Brooms

3 . 17 . 2

7 Ox Bows

8 . 3

19 Skimming Dishes

5 . 6½

87 Shoe Brushes

3 . 5 . 3

Turners Ware Carried Over

£ 12 . 10 . 2½

Carried Over

£ 14461 . 19 . 1

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with twine, thread, ticking, tinware and turned ware.

Brought forward, £14,401 3s 10d

Twine, 1 cwt 2 qr 15 lb, £10 7s 11d

Marline, 35 skeins, £1 1s 3d

Cotton wick, 38 lb, £6 10s 6d

Twine and wick, total, £17 19s 8d

Coloured thread, 34½ lb, £5 1s 3d

Whitened brown thread, 1½ lb, £0 9s 11d

Nun's thread number 20, 6 [...], £0 13s 3d

Thread, total, £6 4s 5d

Ticking, 2 pieces, £4 9s 0d

Checked ticking, 12 pieces and 13 yards, £20 14s 5d

Ticking, total, £25 3s 5d

Tin canteens, 14, £0 19s 3d

Tin gallon funnel, 1, £0 2s 0d

Tin half-gallon funnels, 2, £0 2s 6d

Tin quart funnel, 1, £0 0s 5¾d

Lantern leaves, 85, £0 18s 0¾d

Double sheets of tin, 25, £0 10s 8d

Single sheets of tin, 13, £0 4s 4d

Globe lamps, 4, £1 12s 4d

Horn lanterns, 11, £2 5s 4d

Hand lantern, 1, £0 5s 6d

Solder, 13½ lb, £0 12s 3¾d

Grain tin, 56 lb, £2 16s 0d

Lamps, 7, £0 5s 11½d

Tin quart saucepans, 3, £0 1s 6½d

Tin gallon saucepans with lids, 2, £0 3s 3d

Tinware, total, £11 7s 9d

Scrubbing brushes, 32, £4 14s 0d

Hair brooms, 28, £3 17s 2d

Ox bows, 7, £0 8s 3d

Skimming dishes, 19, £0 3s 6¼d

Shoe brushes, 87, £3 5s 3d

Turned ware carried forward, £12 10s 2½d

Carried forward, £14,461 19s 1d

Interpretations

The 38 lb of cotton wick show that candles were made on the island rather than imported ready-made. Tallow from the cattle slaughtered for the garrison and the shipping was melted down and poured or dipped around the wick. That turned a by-product of the island's own butchery into light for the barracks, the hospital and the guard posts. The wick was more valuable than its weight suggests, at over 3s a pound, because fine cotton had to come from India or England.

Lantern leaves were thin translucent sheets of horn, made by soaking, splitting and pressing cattle horn. They served as the windows of the horn lanterns, which were safer than glass in a magazine or aboard a boat since they would not shatter. Grain tin was the purest grade of tin, smelted in Cornwall and used to make solder and tin plate. Ticking was a closely woven linen or cotton twill, so dense that feathers and straw could not work through it, and was used for mattress and bolster cases.

197

193

1772

Brought Over

£ 14461 . 19 . 1

Turners Ware brought Over£ 12 . 10 . 2½

10 Pump Boxes

1 . 14 . 7

21 Labrs. Baskets

1 . . 1½

37 Paint Brushes

16 . 11½

8 Plast. Do.

8

12 Lathe Wheel Do.

1 . 5 . 4

1 Buckle Do.

7

5 Mops

6 . 3

3 Punch Ladles

1 . 8¼

3 Flaskets

8 . 3

6 Yokes for Oxen

4 . 7 . 4½

12 Trays

17 . 6

8 Cloth Brushes

15 . 4½

1 Constables Staff

8 . 3

1 Churn

2

61 Wood Bowls

3 . 6 . 1

66 Platters

4 . 5 . 3

28 Wood Ladles

9 . 5

5 Large Plate Baskets

1 . 16 . 2

5 Small Do.

1 . 10 . 8½

1 Punch Strainer

6½

38 . 8 . 8

European Goods amounting to

14500 . 7 . 9

India Goods viz.

Arrack 1236 Gallons

211 . 12 . 10

Pepper lb 113½

2 . 16 . 9

Coffee lb 57

2 . 7 . 6

China Ware viz.

17 Soop Dishes

5 . . 7

67 Round Soop Plates

8 . 9

44 Enameld. Do.

1 . 7 . 6

176 Octagon Do.

4 . 6 . 9½

63 Do. Meat Dishes

6 . 9 . 11¼

192 Do. Do. Plates

4 . 19 . 2½

21 Tureens

21 Dishes

7

China Ware Carried Over

£ 29 . 12 . 9¾

Carried Over

£ 14717 . 4 . 10

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 continued with the last of the turned ware, which closed the European goods, and then turned to goods from India and China.

Brought forward, £14,461 19s 1d

Turned ware brought forward, £12 10s 2¼d

Pump boxes, 10, £1 14s 7d

Labourers' baskets, 21, £1 0s 1½d

Paint brushes, 37, £0 16s 11½d

Plasterers' brushes, 8, £0 8s 0d

[...] brushes, 12, £1 5s 4d

Bushel basket, 1, £0 0s 7d

Mops, 5, £0 6s 3d

Punch ladles, 3, £0 1s 8¼d

Flaskets, 2, £0 8s 3d

Yokes for oxen, 6, £4 7s 4½d

Trays, 12, £0 17s 6d

Clothes brushes, 8, £0 15s 4½d

Constable's staff, 1, £0 8s 3d

Churn, 1, £2 0s 0d

Wooden bowls, 61, £3 6s 1d

Platters, 66, £4 5s 3d

Wooden ladles, 28, £0 9s 5d

Large plate baskets, 5, £1 16s 2d

Small plate baskets, 5, £1 10s 8½d

Punch strainer, 1, £0 0s 6½d

Turned ware, total, £38 8s 8d

European goods, total, £14,500 7s 9d

Arrack, 1,236 gallons, £211 12s 10d

Pepper, 113½ lb, £2 16s 9d

Coffee, 57 lb, £2 7s 6d

China soup dishes, 17, £5 0s 7d

China brown soup plates, 67, £0 8s 9d

China enamelled soup plates, 44, £1 7s 6d

China octagonal soup plates, 176, £4 6s 9¼d

China octagonal meat dishes, 69, £6 9s 11½d

China octagonal plates, 192, £4 19s 2½d

China tureens, 21, and dishes, 21, £7 0s 0d

China carried forward, £29 12s 9¾d

Carried forward, £14,717 4s 10d

Interpretations

The inventory divided the stores by origin rather than by use. Everything shipped from England came first, closing at £14,500 7s 9d, and the goods from India and China followed as a separate class. This mirrored the two streams of supply that reached St Helena: the outward ships from London, and the homeward ships from Bombay, Madras, Bengal and Canton. The two were costed on different bases, since eastern goods were bought with the Company's Indian and Chinese funds rather than in sterling at London. Keeping them apart let the Court see how much of the island's stock depended on each trade.

The arrack held in store, at 1,236 gallons, was worth £211 12s 10d. It was the island's main spirit, issued as a ration to soldiers, boatmen and slaves and sold to the inhabitants. The constable's staff was a painted wooden truncheon carrying the Company's arms, the badge of office of a civil constable. Its presence shows that the island kept civilian peace officers alongside the military provost. Flaskets were long shallow baskets with handles at each end, used for carrying laundry or produce.

198

194

19th October

Brought Over

£ 14717 . 4 . 10

China Ware brought Over£ 29 . 12 . 9¾

9 Juglets

9 . 9

36 Bowls

1 . 7

139 Sneakers

1 . 8 . 11½

44 Baking Dishes

2 . 7 . 8¼

151 Sallad Do.

5 . 7 . 2

50 half Pint Cups & Saucers

1 . 5

9 Tea Pots

6

42 . 4 . 4

Candles C. qr. lb 33 . . 21

394 . 18 . 8

Sugar & Candy viz.

C. qr. lb 94 Sugar

120 . 12 . 8

48 . 2 . 19 Candy

90 . 15 . 4

211 . 8

Tea viz.

C. qr. lb 21 . 2 . 7 Bohea

72 . 19 . 1

1 . . 1 Singlo

6 . 4 . 9¼

3 Congo

5 . 5

15 Cattys Hyson

5 . 2 . 2¾

89 . 11 . 1

Rice & Paddy viz.

C. qr. lb 397 . 3 . 18 Rice

164 . 2 . 6

260 . . 12 Paddy

55 . 5 . 7

219 . 8 . 1

Wheat C. qr. lb 489 . 3 . 10

177 . 12 . 4

Chelloes 190 Ps.

110 . 6 . 9

Long Cloth viz.

17½ Ps. No. 1

78 . 19 . 4

4 Ps. 2

11 . . 8

5 Ps. 3

12 . 7 . 1

1 Ps. 4

1 . 9 . 6

18 Ps. 5

21 . 1 . 6

124 . 18 . 1

European & India Goods Amounting to

£ 16087 . 12 . 2

St. Helena Errors Excepted

30 Sept. 1772 (Signed)

M. Purling

The inventory of stores remaining in the Company's warehouses on 30 September 1772 closed with the rest of the China ware and the provisions and cloth from the East.

Brought forward, £14,717 4s 10d

China brought forward, £29 12s 9¾d

China goglets, 9, £0 9s 9d

China bowls, 36, £1 7s 0d

China saucers, 139, £1 8s 11½d

China baking dishes, 44, £2 7s 8¼d

China salad dishes, 181, £5 7s 2d

China half-pint cups and saucers, 50, £1 5s 0d

China teapots, 9, £0 6s 0d

China, total, £42 4s 4d

Candles, 33 cwt 0 qr 21 lb, £394 18s 8d

Sugar, 94 cwt 0 qr 0 lb, £120 12s 8d

Sugar candy, 48 cwt 2 qr 14 lb, £90 15s 4d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £211 8s 0d

Bohea tea, 21 cwt 2 qr 7 lb, £72 19s 1d

Singlo tea, 1 cwt 0 qr 1 lb, £6 4s 9¾d

Congou tea, 0 cwt 3 qr 0 lb, £5 5s 0d

Hyson tea, 13 catties, £5 2s 2¾d

Tea, total, £89 11s 1d

Rice, 397 cwt 3 qr 18 lb, £164 2s 6d

Paddy, 260 cwt 0 qr 12 lb, £55 5s 7d

Rice and paddy, total, £219 8s 1d

Wheat, 489 cwt 3 qr 10 lb, £177 12s 4d

Chelloes, 190 pieces, £110 6s 9d

Long cloth number 1, 17½ pieces, £78 19s 4d

Long cloth number 2, 4 pieces, £11 0s 8d

Long cloth number 3, 5 pieces, £12 7s 1d

Long cloth number 4, 1 piece, £1 9s 6d

Long cloth number 5, 18 pieces, £21 1s 6d

Long cloth, total, £124 18s 1d

European and Indian goods, total, £16,087 12s 2d

The inventory was dated at St Helena on 30 September 1772 and signed, with the usual reservation of errors, by [...]urling.

Interpretations

Candles were the costliest single article among the eastern goods, at £394 18s 8d for more than 1½ tons. Their place in this section shows that most of the island's candles came from India rather than being made locally. The cotton wick in the European stores probably served only a small local supplement. The wheat, at almost 25 tons, came from Bengal or the Cape and, with the flour, gave the island its bread grain. The Company held nearly 20 tons of rice and over 13 tons of paddy for the slaves' ration and the livestock at Plantation.

The four teas ran from cheap to dear. Bohea was the coarse black tea drunk by ordinary people and issued to the hospital and the slaves. Congou was a better black tea, and singlo a common green. Hyson was the finest green tea of the period, kept only in small quantity and measured in catties, the Chinese weight of about 1⅓ lb. A goglet was a long-necked porous earthenware or porcelain water bottle, used in India to cool drinking water by evaporation.

199

195

1772

List of the Honble. Company's Officers and Servants upon the

Island St. Helena with their several Salary's, Diet Money &c. for the Quarter

ending the 30 September 1772. -

John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

150

Do. Allowance for Servants

31 . 14 . 9

181 . 14 . 9

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

62 . 10

Do. Diet Money

25

87 . 10

Matthew Purling Esqr. of Council

50

Do. Diet Money

15

Do. Gratuity

15

80

Matthew Bazett Esqr. of Council

10

Do. Accountant

27 . 10

Do. Diet Money

15

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

55

William Bearcroft Chaplain

40

Do. Diet Money

15

55

James Powell Storekeeper to the 29 August

the Day he died

18 . 4 . 4

Do. Diet Money

9 . 17 . 3

Do. House Rent

1 . 12 . 10

29 . 14 . 5

William Wrangham Paymaster

27 . 10

Do. Diet Money

15

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

Do. Assist. to the Governor

10

55

Jonathan Doveton Storekeeper from 29 Augt.

17 . 18

Do. Diet Money

11 . 12 . 7

Do. Assist. Storekeeper to 29 Do.

3 . 5 . 9

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

34 . 16 . 4

Carried Over

£ 578 . 15 . 6

The Company's officers and servants at St Helena were paid the following salaries, diet money and allowances for the quarter ending 30 September 1772.

John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d

John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d

John Skottowe, total, £181 14s 9d

Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d

Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d

Daniel Corneille, total, £87 10s 0d

Matthew Purling, member of Council, salary, £50 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, gratuity, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, total, £80 0s 0d

Matthew Bazett, member of Council, salary, £10 0s 0d

Matthew Bazett, salary as accountant, £27 10s 0d

Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Matthew Bazett, total, £55 0s 0d

William Bencroft, chaplain, salary, £40 0s 0d

William Bencroft, diet money, £15 0s 0d

William Bencroft, total, £55 0s 0d

James Pavell, storekeeper, salary to 29 August, the day of his death, £18 4s 4d

James Pavell, diet money, £9 17s 3d

James Pavell, house rent, £1 12s 10d

James Pavell, total, £29 14s 5d

William Wrangham, paymaster, salary, £27 10s 0d

William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d

William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d

William Wrangham, salary as assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d

William Wrangham, total, £55 0s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, storekeeper, salary from 29 August, £17 18s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £11 12s 7d

Jonathan Doveton, salary as assistant storekeeper to 29 August, £3 5s 9d

Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, total, £34 16s 4d

Carried forward, £578 15s 6d

Interpretations

The pay list shows that an officer's income at St Helena was built up from several separate posts and allowances rather than a single salary. Matthew Bazett drew only £10 a quarter as a member of Council, the junior councillor's rate, but £27 10s 0d as accountant, so that his executive office was worth almost three times his seat. William Wrangham combined the paymaster's post with work as the Governor's assistant. Jonathan Doveton was paid as assistant storekeeper up to 29 August and as storekeeper from that day, the date on which James Pavell died. Pavell's salary and allowances ran exactly to the day of his death and were apportioned to the day, which was the Company's standing practice for the estate of a servant dying in office.

Diet money was a cash allowance paid in place of the free table that senior servants had once eaten at the Governor's charge. Converting the common table into money allowances spared the Governor the expense and quarrels of feeding the whole establishment, and let each officer keep his own household. House rent was paid only to those who did not occupy a Company house. Governor Skottowe's separate allowance for servants covered the domestic staff of his official household, which was treated as a public charge rather than a personal one.

200

196

19th October

Brought Over

£ 578 . 15 . 6

Britannicus Wright Secretary

27 . 10

Do. Diet Money

15

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

45

James Tippet Engineer

50

Do. Diet Money

2 . 10

52 . 10

John Goodwin Factor

12 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

Do. Collector of the Customs

12 . 10

37 . 10

George Bazett Writer

7 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

Do. Clerk of the Works

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. Assist. Storekeeper from 30 Augt.

1 . 15 . 1

28 . 11 . 11½

James Desfountain Writer

7 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

20

William Webber Doveton Writer

7 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10

17 . 10

Robert Barclay Surgeon to the 13 July

2 . 16

Do. Diet Money to Do.

1 . 8

Do. House Rent to Do.

7

4 . 11

Thomas Steward Surgeon from 13 July

17 . 6 . 4

Do. Diet Money from Do.

8 . 15 . 4

Do. House Rent from Do.

2 . 3 . 10

28 . 5 . 6

John Prichard Surg. Mate to the 10 July

the Day he Died

1 . 10 . 2

Do. Diet Money to Do.

1 . 1 . 10

Do. House Rent to Do.

5 . 5

2 . 17 . 5

Carried Over

£ 815 . 11 . 4½

The salaries, diet money and allowances paid to the Company's officers and servants for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £578 15s 6d

Britannicus Wright, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d

Britannicus Wright, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Britannicus Wright, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Britannicus Wright, total, £45 0s 0d

James Tippet, engineer, salary, £50 0s 0d

James Tippet, diet money, £2 10s 0d

James Tippet, total, £52 10s 0d

John Goodwin, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d

John Goodwin, diet money, £10 0s 0d

John Goodwin, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Goodwin, salary as collector of customs, £12 10s 0d

John Goodwin, total, £37 10s 0d

George Bazett, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

George Bazett, diet money, £10 0s 0d

George Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

George Bazett, salary as clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d

George Bazett, salary as assistant storekeeper from 30 August, £1 15s 1d

George Bazett, total, £28 11s 11½d

James Desfountain, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d

James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d

James Desfountain, total, £20 0s 0d

William Webber Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

William Webber Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d

William Webber Doveton, total, £17 10s 0d

Robert Barclay, surgeon, salary to 13 July, £2 16s 0d

Robert Barclay, diet money to 13 July, £1 8s 0d

Robert Barclay, house rent to 13 July, £0 7s 0d

Robert Barclay, total, £4 11s 0d

Thomas Seward, surgeon, salary from 13 July, £17 6s 4d

Thomas Seward, diet money from 13 July, £8 15s 4d

Thomas Seward, house rent from 13 July, £2 3s 10d

Thomas Seward, total, £28 5s 6d

John Pritchard, surgeon's mate, salary to 10 July, the day of his death, £1 10s 2d

John Pritchard, diet money to 10 July, £1 1s 10d

John Pritchard, house rent to 10 July, £0 5s 5d

John Pritchard, total, £2 17s 5d

Carried forward, £815 11s 4½d

Interpretations

For the junior servants, the allowances were worth more than the salary itself. Each writer drew £7 10s 0d a quarter in salary but £10 0s 0d in diet money, and most also received house rent. A writer's livelihood therefore depended on allowances that the Governor and Council could grant or withhold, rather than on the salary fixed by the Court. The exception was James Tippet, whose engineer's salary of £50 0s 0d was set high to attract a trained professional from England. His diet money of £2 10s 0d was correspondingly small.

The surgeons' pay was apportioned to the exact day of each change. Robert Barclay was paid to 13 July, when Thomas Seward took over, and John Pritchard, the surgeon's mate, was paid to 10 July, the day he died. The young George Bazett, already writer and clerk of the works, was paid as assistant storekeeper from 30 August. He stepped into the post Jonathan Doveton vacated on his promotion after James Pavell's death, so a single death moved two officers up the ladder within two days.

201

197

1772

Brought Over

£ 815 . 11 . 4½

James Farrell Surg. Mate from 11 July

12 . 4 . 10

Do. Diet Money from Do.

8 . 18 . 2

Do. House Rent from Do.

2 . 4 . 7

23 . 7 . 7

John Congreve Judge Advocate

12 . 10

Do. School Master

7 . 10

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

22 . 10

Thomas Bazett Superintendt. of the Works

25

Philip Mahony Clerk of the Peace

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Solomon F. Maurice Master at Arms

6 . 5

Samuel Alexander Overseers

7 . 10

John Worrall

15

John Robinson Carpenter

25

Simon Whaley Do. Mate

12 . 10

Edward Daniels Mason

30

John Daniel Do. Apprentice

7 . 10

John Paxton Do. Mate

20

Joseph Sanger Armourer

15

Joseph Griffith Cooper

15

Hugh Jones Superintendt. of the Blacks

10

James Carmichael Gardener

10

John Price Marshal & Gaoler

7 . 10

Charles Hassell Groom

2

John Joyce Clock & Instrument Cleaner

1 . 5

The Drum Major Instructing the Young Drummers

1

William French Patron of the Long Boats

7 . 10

Thomas Yates Clerk of the Church

5

Robert Leech Steward

7 . 10

Do. for Overseeing the Bake House

3

10 . 10

First Company viz.

Daniel Corneille Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Solomon F. Maurice Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

Carried Over

£ 1225 . 3 . 11½

The salaries and allowances paid to the Company's officers and servants for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with the civil staff, the tradesmen and the officers of the First Company.

Brought forward, £815 11s 4½d

James Fa[...], surgeon's mate, salary from 11 July, £12 4s 10d

James Fa[...], diet money from 11 July, £8 18s 2d

James Fa[...], house rent from 11 July, £2 4s 7d

James Fa[...], total, £23 7s 7d

John Congreve, judge advocate, salary, £12 10s 0d

John Congreve, salary as schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d

John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Congreve, total, £22 10s 0d

Thomas Barrett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d

Philip Mahony, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 7s 6d

Philip Mahony, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Philip Mahony, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Philip Mahony, total, £36 14s 4½d

Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d

Samuel Alexander, gunner, £7 10s 0d

John Pursell, gunner, £15 0s 0d

John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d

Simon Whaley, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d

Edward Daniels, mason, £30 0s 0d

John Daniel, mason's apprentice, £7 10s 0d

John Preston, mason's mate, £20 0s 0d

Joseph Singer, armourer, £15 0s 0d

Joseph Griffiths, cooper, £15 0s 0d

Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d

James Carmichael, gardener, £10 0s 0d

John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d

Charles Hazell, groom, £2 0s 0d

John Joyce, clerk and instrument cleaner, £1 5s 0d

The drum major, for teaching the young drummers, £1 0s 0d

William French, coxswain of the longboats, £7 10s 0d

Thomas Yates, clerk of the church, £5 0s 0d

Robert Leech, steward, salary, £7 10s 0d

Robert Leech, for running the bakehouse, £3 0s 0d

Robert Leech, total, £10 10s 0d

First Company, Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d

First Company, Solomon St Maurice, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

First Company, Solomon St Maurice, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

First Company, Solomon St Maurice, total, £34 4s 4½d

Carried forward, £1,225 3s 11½d

Interpretations

The list shows how thinly the Company spread its educated men across the island's offices. John Congreve served as judge advocate, advising courts martial on law and procedure, and was also paid as schoolmaster. Daniel Corneille drew £59 6s 3d as captain of the First Company on top of his £87 10s 0d as Lieutenant Governor. Solomon St Maurice was both lieutenant of the same company and master at arms. Such doubling saved the Company the cost of sending out more men from England. It also concentrated civil, military and judicial authority in a small circle of officers.

The superintendent of the slaves was a salaried Company office, paid £10 0s 0d a quarter, the same as the gardener. Hugh Jones was responsible for setting the Company's slaves to work, overseeing their daily labour and enforcing discipline among them. The skilled tradesmen were paid better than many junior civil servants. The mason Edward Daniels received £30 0s 0d, four times a writer's salary, a reflection of how scarce and valuable trained craftsmen were on the island at a time of heavy building at the landing place and the barracks.

202

198

19th October

Brought Over

£ 1225 . 3 . 11½

Charles Ross Stewart Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. Adjutant

18 . 5

52 . 9 . 4½

William Caldwell Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Richard Powell Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

William Roberts Town Adjutant

36 . 13 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

Henry Howell

7 . 13 . 4

John Allman

7 . 13 . 4

George Seale

7 . 13 . 4

Thomas Mears

7 . 13 . 4

James Mannaton

7 . 13 . 4

Abm. Jones

7 . 13 . 4

46

Corporals viz.

Andrew Alexander

5 . 7 . 4

Timothy Walters

5 . 7 . 4

Thos. Rhodes

5 . 7 . 4

Christ. Smith

5 . 7 . 4

William Hardy

5 . 7 . 4

John Bull

5 . 7 . 4

32 . 4

Drummers viz.

John Searle

5 . 7 . 4

Richd. Lightfoot

5 . 7 . 4

George Watts

5 . 7 . 4

16 . 2

Private viz.

Richd. Ashton

3 . 16 . 8

John Attwood

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 7 . 13 . 4

Carried Over

£ 1482 . 1 . 5½

The pay of the First Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with its subalterns, the town adjutant and the non-commissioned officers, drummers and privates.

Brought forward, £1,225 3s 11½d

Charles Joseph Stewart, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Charles Joseph Stewart, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Charles Joseph Stewart, salary as adjutant, £18 5s 0d

Charles Joseph Stewart, total, £52 9s 4½d

William Caldwell, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

William Caldwell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

William Caldwell, house rent, £2 10s 0d

William Caldwell, total, £36 14s 4½d

Richard Powell, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Richard Powell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Richard Powell, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Richard Powell, total, £36 14s 4½d

William Roberts, town adjutant, £36 19s 4½d

Sergeant Henry Howell, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant John Alman, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant George Seale, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Thomas Mears, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant James Bannaton, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Alexander Jewes, £7 13s 4d

Sergeants, total, £46 0s 0d

Corporal Andrew Alexander, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Timothy Walters, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Thomas Roads, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Evert Smith, £5 7s 4d

Corporal William Hardy, £5 7s 4d

Corporal John Britt, £5 7s 4d

Corporals, total, £32 4s 0d

Drummer John Twaits, £5 7s 4d

Drummer Richard Halfast, £5 7s 4d

Drummer George Watts, £5 7s 4d

Drummers, total, £16 2s 0d

Private Richard Ashton, £3 16s 8d

Private John Alward, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £7 13s 4d

Carried forward, £1,482 1s 5½d

Interpretations

The quarterly sums correspond to fixed daily rates over the 92 days from 1 July to 30 September. A private received 10d a day, a corporal or drummer 1s 2d, and a sergeant 1s 8d. The private's rate was well above the 8d a day paid to a foot soldier in the King's army in Britain. The Company paid this premium because men had to be persuaded to serve for years on a remote island with little chance of discharge or return home. Drummers drew the same pay as corporals, a reflection of their role in beating the calls that regulated every part of the garrison's day.

Charles Joseph Stewart drew £18 5s 0d on top of his lieutenant's pay for serving as the company's adjutant. He was responsible for drill, the duty roster and the daily orders. William Roberts, the town adjutant, held a separate post, keeping order in Jamestown itself, mounting the town guards and dealing with soldiers found off duty in the streets.

203

199

1772

Brought Over

£ 1482 . 1 . 5½

Private brought Over£ 7 . 13 . 4

George Arnell Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Moses Basson

3 . 16 . 8

Timothy Bryan

3 . 16 . 8

Emanuel Bonner

3 . 16 . 8

William Bowen

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Brown

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Bennick

3 . 16 . 8

Mark Bolls

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Barham

3 . 16 . 8

Stephen Barret

3 . 16 . 8

Jos. Bottenham

3 . 16 . 8

James Burnet Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Thomas Brown Do. 2 Do.

3 . 15 . 10

Patrick Conner

3 . 16 . 8

John Charlton

3 . 16 . 8

William Coffin

3 . 16 . 8

Anthony Clarke

3 . 16 . 8

Ralph Channing

3 . 16 . 8

William Craggs

3 . 16 . 8

John Cammack Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Peter Chapman Do. Do.

3 . 15 . 10

John Davis

3 . 16 . 8

John Dore

3 . 16 . 8

James Drake

3 . 16 . 8

John Desborough

3 . 16 . 8

Adam Evans

3 . 16 . 8

John Ellis

3 . 16 . 8

William Fisher

3 . 16 . 8

William French

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Frost

3 . 16 . 8

John Drake

3 . 16 . 8

William Greenwood

3 . 16 . 8

John Grainger

3 . 16 . 8

John Griffiths

3 . 16 . 8

John Gray Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

John Houston

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 145 . 8 . 4

Carried Over

£ 1482 . 1 . 5½

The pay of the privates of the First Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,482 1s 5½d

Privates brought forward, £7 13s 4d

George Arnell, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Moses Biffen, £3 16s 8d

Timothy Bryon, £3 16s 8d

Emanuel Bonner, £3 16s 8d

William Benson, £3 16s 8d

Richard Brown, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Bewick, £3 16s 8d

Mark Balls, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Buckham, £3 16s 8d

Stephen Burrel, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Bullerham, £3 16s 8d

James Burnet, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Brown, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Patrick Conner, £3 16s 8d

John Charlton, £3 16s 8d

William Coppen, £3 16s 8d

Anthony Clarke, £3 16s 8d

Ralph Cleaving, £3 16s 8d

William Craigs, £3 16s 8d

John Cammack, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Peter Chapman, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

John Davis, £3 16s 8d

John Dove, £3 16s 8d

James Doake, £3 16s 8d

John Desbrough, £3 16s 8d

Adam Evans, £3 16s 8d

John Ellis, £3 16s 8d

William Fisher, £3 16s 8d

William French, £3 16s 8d

Robert Frost, £3 16s 8d

John Frake, £3 16s 8d

William Greenwood, £3 16s 8d

John Grainger, £3 16s 8d

John Griffiths, £3 16s 8d

John Gray, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

John Hunton, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £145 8s 4d

Carried forward, £1,482 1s 5½d

Interpretations

The men marked as enlisted on 2 July were paid for 91 days rather than the full 92, at the same rate of 10d a day. They were recruits who arrived from England at the start of the quarter and were taken onto the Company's books from the day they landed, not from the day they had signed on at home. Their pay for the voyage was a separate charge borne in London, so the island's pay list covered only the days actually served on St Helena.

204

200

19th October

Brought Over

£ 1482 . 1 . 5½

Private brought Over£ 145 . 8 . 4

Philip Hayes

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Hencking

3 . 16 . 8

Edwd. Hayes

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Hancock

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Hyams

3 . 16 . 8

John Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

John Jones

3 . 16 . 8

Fras. Ince Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Thomas Love

3 . 16 . 8

Patrick Lynch

3 . 16 . 8

Michl. Leonard

3 . 16 . 8

Duncan McLaron

3 . 16 . 8

William Mumford

3 . 16 . 8

William Mudge

3 . 16 . 8

John McAllister

3 . 16 . 8

William Page

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Pelliter

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Palmer

3 . 16 . 8

John Potts

3 . 16 . 8

William Robinson

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Rogers

3 . 16 . 8

Anthony Reynolds

3 . 16 . 8

George Roe

3 . 16 . 8

William Saxby

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Stacey

3 . 16 . 8

James Snell

3 . 16 . 8

William Snell

3 . 16 . 8

Gregory Southernwood

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Smith

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Sawer Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

John Santon

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Townsend

3 . 16 . 8

John Thistlewood

3 . 16 . 8

William Thomas

3 . 16 . 8

John Taylor

3 . 16 . 8

Arth. Upton Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Private Carried Over

£ 283 . 5 . 10

Carried Over

£ 1482 . 1 . 5½

The pay of the privates of the First Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,482 1s 5½d

Privates brought forward, £145 8s 4d

Philip Hayes, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Hawking, £3 16s 8d

Edward Hayes, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Hancock, £3 16s 8d

Robert Hyrons, £3 16s 8d

John Johnson, £3 16s 8d

John Jones, £3 16s 8d

Francis Jose, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Love, £3 16s 8d

Patrick Lynch, £3 16s 8d

Michael Leonard, £3 16s 8d

Duncan McLaren, £3 16s 8d

William Mumford, £3 16s 8d

William Mudge, £3 16s 8d

John McAllister, £3 16s 8d

William Page, £3 16s 8d

Charles Pollets, £3 16s 8d

Richard Palmer, £3 16s 8d

John Otts, £3 16s 8d

William Robinson, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Rogers, £3 16s 8d

Anthony Reynolds, £3 16s 8d

George Roe, £3 16s 8d

William Sowby, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Stacey, £3 16s 8d

James Snell, £3 16s 8d

William Smelt, £3 16s 8d

Gregory Southernwood, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Smith, £3 16s 8d

Henry Sumner, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

John Saxton, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Townsend, £3 16s 8d

John Thistlewood, £3 16s 8d

William Thomas, £3 16s 8d

John Taylor, £3 16s 8d

Archibald Upton, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Privates carried forward, £283 5s 10d

Carried forward, £1,482 1s 5½d

205

201

1772

Brought Over

£ 1482 . 1 . 5½

Private brought Over£ 283 . 5 . 10

Joseph Valentine

3 . 16 . 8

Benj. Wise

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Windall

3 . 16 . 8

George Wall

3 . 16 . 8

Barthw. Welch

3 . 16 . 8

John Walters

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Wood

3 . 16 . 8

John White

3 . 16 . 8

John Waterfield

3 . 16 . 8

Edwd. Wickenden

3 . 16 . 8

William Westbury

3 . 16 . 8

William Warner

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Wallington

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Wright

3 . 16 . 8

336 . 19 . 2

Second Company viz.

Henry Bazett Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Thomas Lambert Lieut. to 29 July

8 . 14

Do. Diet Money to Do.

2 . 3 . 6

Do. House Rent to Do.

15 . 10

11 . 13 . 4

John Bazett Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Lauchl. Leslie Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

Francis Seale

7 . 13 . 4

Joseph Whaley

7 . 13 . 4

James Elgin Serjt. Major 29 Days

9 . 2 . 4

William Wills

7 . 13 . 4

Joseph McAtiney

7 . 13 . 4

William Merrick dischd.

2 . 5

Benj. Thomas Promoted

6 . 19 . 10

49 . . 6

Carried Over

£ 2012 . 9 . 5½

The pay of the privates of the First Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 closed with the following men, and the list then turned to the officers and sergeants of the Second Company.

Brought forward, £1,482 1s 5½d

Privates brought forward, £283 5s 10d

Joseph Valentine, £3 16s 8d

Benjamin Vix, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Vendall, £3 16s 8d

George Wall, £3 16s 8d

Bartholomew Welch, £3 16s 8d

John Waller, £3 16s 8d

Henry Wood, £3 16s 8d

John White, £3 16s 8d

John Wakefield, £3 16s 8d

Edward Wickenden, £3 16s 8d

William Whitney, £3 16s 8d

William Wa[...], £3 16s 8d

Thomas Wallington, £3 16s 8d

Robert Wright, £3 16s 8d

Privates, total, £336 19s 2d

Second Company, Henry Bazett, captain, £59 6s 3d

Thomas Lambert, lieutenant, salary to 29 July, £8 14s 0d

Thomas Lambert, diet money to 29 July, £2 3s 6d

Thomas Lambert, house rent to 29 July, £0 15s 10d

Thomas Lambert, total, £11 13s 4d

John Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

John Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Bazett, total, £36 14s 4½d

Lauchlan Leslie, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Lauchlan Leslie, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Lauchlan Leslie, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Lauchlan Leslie, total, £36 14s 4½d

Sergeant Francis Seale, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Joseph Whaley, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant James Elgin, sergeant major for 29 days, £9 2s 4d

Sergeant William Mills, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Joseph McCartney, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant William Merrick, discharged, £2 5s 0d

Sergeant Benjamin Thomas, promoted, £6 19s 10d

Sergeants, total, £49 0s 6d

Carried forward, £2,012 9s 5½d

Interpretations

The Bazett family held a striking share of the island's offices. Matthew Bazett sat on the Council and served as accountant, George Bazett was writer, clerk of the works and assistant storekeeper, and the Second Company was commanded by Henry Bazett with John Bazett as one of its lieutenants. On an island where the Governor and Council filled most posts locally, a settled family could place its sons in civil and military employment as vacancies opened. That made patronage within a few households one of the chief routes into the Company's service.

The sergeants' list shows the turnover within the ranks being settled to the day. William Merrick drew sergeant's pay for only part of the quarter before his discharge. Benjamin Thomas was paid at the sergeant's rate only from his promotion, which probably filled the vacancy that Merrick's discharge created. James Elgin received a supplement for 29 days spent acting as sergeant major, the senior non-commissioned officer responsible for the daily parade and the discipline of the other sergeants.

206

202

19th October

Brought Over

£ 2012 . 9 . 5½

Corporals viz.

Thomas Hart promoted

4 . 18 . 4

Joseph Peal Entd. 3 days

2 . 6

John Phillips Do. 1 Do.

10

Jacob Hyam

5 . 7 . 4

John Sharrs

5 . 7 . 4

Saml. Warren

5 . 7 . 4

Augustine Hitchcock

5 . 7 . 4

William Carter

5 . 7 . 4

31 . 18 . 4

Drummers viz.

Benjamin Seale

5 . 7 . 4

John Rynd

5 . 7 . 4

10 . 14 . 8

Private viz.

Timothy Atherton

3 . 16 . 8

William Brooks

3 . 16 . 8

Daniel Bye

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Batchelor

3 . 16 . 8

John Blevin

3 . 16 . 8

James Beard

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Burnes

3 . 16 . 8

John Cunningham

3 . 16 . 8

James Collins

3 . 16 . 8

John Coffee

3 . 16 . 8

Henning Clamp

3 . 16 . 8

John Clark

3 . 16 . 8

James Chankley Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

William Houston Do.

3 . 15 . 10

James Stone Do.

3 . 15 . 10

William Haven Do.

3 . 15 . 10

William Brennan

3 . 16 . 8

John Dailey

3 . 16 . 8

William Daniels

3 . 16 . 8

Daniel Dore

3 . 16 . 8

Peter Ellam

3 . 16 . 8

David Evans

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 84 . 3 . 4

Carried Over

£ 2055 . 2 . 5½

The pay of the Second Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with its corporals, drummers and the first of its privates.

Brought forward, £2,012 9s 5½d

Corporal Thomas Hart, promoted, £4 18s 4d

Corporal Joseph Peel, for 3 days, £0 3s 6d

Corporal John Phillips, for 1 day, £0 0s 10d

Corporal Jacob Hyam, £5 7s 4d

Corporal John Shears, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Samuel Warner, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Augustine Hitchcock, £5 7s 4d

Corporal William Carter, £5 7s 4d

Corporals, total, £31 18s 4d

Drummer Benjamin Seale, £5 7s 4d

Drummer John Pyatt, £5 7s 4d

Drummers, total, £10 14s 8d

Timothy Atherton, £3 16s 8d

William Beecher, £3 16s 8d

Daniel Bye, £3 16s 8d

Henry Batchelor, £3 16s 8d

John Blevin, £3 16s 8d

James Beard, £3 16s 8d

Charles Browne, £3 16s 8d

John Cunningham, £3 16s 8d

James Challis, £3 16s 8d

John Coffin, £3 16s 8d

Henry Clamp, £3 16s 8d

John Clark, £3 16s 8d

James Chankley, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

William Houston, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

James Stone, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

William Raven, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

William Drennan, £3 16s 8d

John Dailey, £3 10s 8d

William Daniels, £3 16s 8d

Daniel Duce, £3 16s 8d

Peter Ellam, £3 16s 8d

David Evans, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £84 3s 4d

Carried forward, £2,055 2s 5½d

207

203

1772

Brought Over

£ 2055 . 2 . 5½

Private brought Over£ 84 . 3 . 4

James Every

3 . 16 . 8

John Eames

3 . 16 . 8

Jonah Edwards

3 . 16 . 8

John Forbes

3 . 16 . 8

William Fallwood

3 . 16 . 8

John Fellows

3 . 16 . 8

John Goodsole

3 . 16 . 8

John Gray

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Green

3 . 16 . 8

Philip Gleason

3 . 16 . 8

David Grant

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Griffiths

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Richmond Grosvenor

3 . 16 . 8

Josiah Gentleman

3 . 16 . 8

Samuel Hiles

3 . 16 . 8

John Holbrook

3 . 16 . 8

James Hudson

3 . 16 . 8

John Ham

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Hardie

3 . 16 . 8

John Haynge

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Harrison

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Holloway

3 . 16 . 8

George Hatch

3 . 16 . 8

Edward Hughes

3 . 16 . 8

James Hubbard

3 . 16 . 8

John Hargate

3 . 16 . 8

William Hinxton

3 . 16 . 8

William Houston

3 . 16 . 8

Samuel Instone

3 . 16 . 8

John James

3 . 16 . 8

William Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

John Jacobs

3 . 16 . 8

John Jones

3 . 16 . 8

Richard Jerome

3 . 16 . 8

William Jones

3 . 16 . 8

Saml. Kibson

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 222 . 3 . 4

Carried Over

£ 2055 . 2 . 5½

Names: all £3 16s 8d.

Brought forward, £2,055 2s 5½d

Privates brought forward, £84 3s 4d

James Emery, £3 16s 8d

John Eames, £3 16s 8d

Jonah Edwards, £3 16s 8d

John Forbes, £3 16s 8d

William Fulwood, £3 16s 8d

John Fellows, £3 16s 8d

John Kendale, £3 16s 8d

John Gray, £3 16s 8d

Robert Green, £3 16s 8d

Philip Gleeson, £3 16s 8d

David Grant, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Griffiths, £3 16s 8d

Robert Richmond Grosvenor, £3 16s 8d

Josiah Gentleman, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Hales, £3 16s 8d

John Holbrook, £3 16s 8d

James Hudson, £3 16s 8d

John Ham, £3 16s 8d

Robert Hardes, £3 16s 8d

John Hayes, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Harrison, £3 16s 8d

Charles Holloway, £3 16s 8d

George Hatch, £3 16s 8d

Edward Hughes, £3 16s 8d

James Hubbert, £3 16s 8d

John Hargate, £3 16s 8d

William Hendson, £3 16s 8d

William Houston, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Jestone, £3 16s 8d

John James, £3 16s 8d

William Johnson, £3 16s 8d

John Jacobs, £3 16s 8d

John Jones, £3 16s 8d

Richard Jordan, £3 16s 8d

William Jones, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Hickory, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £222 3s 4d

Carried forward, £2,055 2s 5½d

208

204

19th October

Brought Over

£ 2055 . 2 . 5½

Private brought Over£ 222 . 3 . 4

Henry Kirkham

3 . 16 . 8

John King

3 . 16 . 8

William Kingscot

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Little

3 . 16 . 8

John Lockhart

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Lee

3 . 16 . 8

John Morris

3 . 16 . 8

John McCullen

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Morgan

3 . 16 . 8

Francis Mears

3 . 16 . 8

Peter Mahan

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Miller

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Mantell

3 . 16 . 8

Pierce Osborne

3 . 16 . 8

Jacob Peters

3 . 16 . 8

Samuel Packer

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Palmer

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Pearce

3 . 16 . 8

Richard Page

3 . 16 . 8

John Roberts

3 . 16 . 8

Quin Quennell

3 . 16 . 8

John Christn. Ruffe

3 . 16 . 8

Fredk. Shaffer

3 . 16 . 8

John Salisbury

3 . 16 . 8

Mark Trueman

3 . 16 . 8

John Vaughan

3 . 16 . 8

Francis Veatch

3 . 16 . 8

Richard White

3 . 16 . 8

John Waters

3 . 16 . 8

333 . 6 . 8

Third Company viz.

Richard Beale Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Thomas Bazett Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Carried Over

£ 2484 . 9 . 9

The pay of the privates of the Second Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 closed with the following men, and the list then turned to the officers of the Third Company.

Brought forward, £2,055 2s 5½d

Privates brought forward, £222 3s 4d

Henry Kirkham, £3 16s 8d

John King, £3 16s 8d

William Kingsnot, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Little, £3 16s 8d

John Lockhart, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Lee, £3 16s 8d

John Mares, £3 16s 8d

John McCullen, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Morgan, £3 16s 8d

Francis Meers, £3 16s 8d

Peter Mahon, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Miller, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Moule, £3 16s 8d

Rufus Osborne, £3 16s 8d

Jacob Peters, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Parker, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Palmer, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Prince, £3 16s 8d

Richard Page, £3 16s 8d

John Roberts, £3 16s 8d

Owen Roscoe, £3 16s 8d

John Christian Muffe, £3 16s 8d

Frederick Shaffe, £3 16s 8d

John Salisbury, £3 16s 8d

Mark Truman, £3 16s 8d

John Vaughan, £3 16s 8d

Francis Venables, £3 16s 8d

Richard Whit, £3 16s 8d

John Waters, £3 16s 8d

Privates, total, £333 6s 8d

Third Company, Richard Beale, captain, £59 6s 3d

Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Bazett, total, £36 14s 4½d

Carried forward, £2,484 9s 9d

209

205

1772

Brought Over

£ 2484 . 9 . 9

Thomas Statham Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Richard Mason Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

William Clifton

7 . 13 . 4

James Goody redd. from Serjt. Major

10 . 17 . 4

David Scott

7 . 13 . 4

Thomas Hughes

7 . 13 . 4

Thomas Blake

7 . 13 . 4

John Power

7 . 13 . 4

49 . 4

Corporals viz.

David Patton redd. the 28 Sept.

5 . 5

James York

5 . 7 . 4

John Merrill

5 . 7 . 4

Joseph Bristow died 21 July

1 . 4 . 6

William Johnson

5 . 7 . 4

James White

5 . 7 . 4

Thomas Ford 71 Days

4 . 2 . 10

George Short 2 Do.

2 . 4

32 . 4

Drummers viz.

John Martin

5 . 7 . 4

George Varney made Private

2 . 18 . 4

William Moor Entd. from 4 Compy.

2 . 9

10 . 14 . 8

Private viz.

James Anderson

3 . 16 . 8

John Aston

3 . 16 . 8

Jeremiah Abbot

3 . 16 . 8

James Anderson Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Richard Ashford died 10 Sept.

3

Private Carried Over

£ 18 . 5 . 10

Carried Over

£ 2650 . 1 . 2

The pay of the Third Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with its remaining lieutenants, sergeants, corporals, drummers and the first of its privates.

Brought forward, £2,484 9s 9d

Thomas Statham, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Statham, total, £36 14s 4½d

Richard Mason, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Richard Mason, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Richard Mason, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Richard Mason, total, £36 14s 4½d

Sergeant William Clifton, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant James Goudy, reduced from sergeant major, £10 17s 4d

Sergeant David Scott, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Thomas Hughes, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Thomas Blake, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant John Power, £7 13s 4d

Sergeants, total, £49 4s 0d

Corporal Daniel Patton, reduced on 28 September, £5 5s 0d

Corporal James York, £5 7s 4d

Corporal John Morrells, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Joseph Bristow, died 21 July, £1 4s 6d

Corporal William Johnson, £5 7s 4d

Corporal James White, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Thomas Ford, for 71 days, £4 2s 10d

Corporal George Short, for 2 days, £0 2s 4d

Corporals, total, £32 4s 0d

Drummer John Martin, £5 7s 4d

Drummer George Harvey, made a private, £2 18s 4d

Drummer William Hern, transferred from the First Company, £2 9s 0d

Drummers, total, £10 14s 8d

James Anderson, £3 16s 8d

John Aston, £3 16s 8d

Jeremiah Albert, £3 16s 8d

James Anderson, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Richard Ashford, died 10 September, £3 0s 0d

Privates carried forward, £18 5s 10d

Carried forward, £2,630 1s 2d

Interpretations

Reduction in rank was the routine sanction for a non-commissioned officer, and the pay list recorded it in the same matter-of-fact way as a death or a promotion. James Goudy was paid at the sergeant major's higher rate until he was put back to sergeant. Daniel Patton lost his corporal's stripes on 28 September, two days before the quarter closed. George Harvey went from drummer to private. Each reduction cut a man's daily pay at once, so demotion served as a fine as well as a disgrace. It also opened the vacancy to a deserving private, as with Thomas Ford, paid as corporal for 71 days, and George Short, for two.

The deaths of Corporal Joseph Bristow on 21 July and Private Richard Ashford on 10 September were recorded only by the date at which their pay stopped. The amount due to each man up to that day passed to his estate or to settle his debts in the garrison.

210

206

19th October

Brought Over

£ 2650 . 1 . 2

Private brought Over£ 18 . 5 . 10

John Blackburn

3 . 16 . 8

Jacob Bull

3 . 16 . 8

Fredk. Wm. Beard

3 . 16 . 8

James Brown

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Barff

3 . 16 . 8

Jos. Barber

3 . 16 . 8

William Bailey

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Beale

3 . 16 . 8

John Barber Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

William Bridgford Do.

3 . 15 . 10

John Cork

3 . 16 . 8

Philip Cocke

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Cooke

3 . 16 . 8

Benj. Courtney

3 . 16 . 8

George Chariott

3 . 16 . 8

James Curtis

3 . 16 . 8

Maurice Downey

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Downs

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Davy

3 . 16 . 8

Peter Dilly

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Dailey

3 . 16 . 8

George Dodd Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

William Edwards

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Edghill

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Elliott

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Ford promoted

17 . 6

John Ferguson

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Frazer Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Owen Griffiths

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Green Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Felix Hyder

3 . 16 . 8

William Hopkins

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Holloway

3 . 16 . 8

Peter Higgins

3 . 16 . 8

Edward Hazell

3 . 16 . 8

John Hilliard

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 153 . 2 . 6

Carried Over

£ 2650 . 1 . 2

The pay of the privates of the Third Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £2,630 1s 2d

Privates brought forward, £18 5s 10d

John Blackmore, £3 16s 8d

Jacob Brill, £3 16s 8d

Frederick William Beard, £3 16s 8d

James Brown, £3 16s 8d

Robert Bruff, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Barber, £3 16s 8d

William Bailey, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Beale, £3 16s 8d

John Barber, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

William Bridgford, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

John Cook, £3 16s 8d

Philip Cooke, £3 16s 8d

Robert Comb, £3 16s 8d

Benjamin Courtney, £3 16s 8d

George Chanell, £3 16s 8d

James Carles, £3 16s 8d

Morris Downey, £3 16s 8d

Robert Downes, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Derry, £3 16s 8d

Peter Dilly, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Dailey, £3 16s 8d

George Dodd, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

William Edmonds, £3 16s 8d

Charles Egells, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Elliot, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Ford, promoted, £0 17s 6d

John Ferguson, £3 16s 8d

Charles Frazer, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Owen Griffiths, £3 16s 8d

Robert Green, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Felix Hyder, £3 16s 8d

William Hopkins, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Holloway, £3 16s 8d

Peter Higgins, £3 16s 8d

Edward Hazell, £3 16s 8d

John Hillier, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £153 2s 6d

Carried forward, £2,630 1s 2d

211

207

1772

Brought Over

£ 2650 . 1 . 2

Private brought Over£ 153 . 2 . 6

Samuel Harsant

3 . 16 . 8

John House

3 . 16 . 8

William Hamilton

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Hayes

3 . 16 . 8

Richard Hunter died 1 July

3 . 4

Samuel Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

John Jacks

3 . 16 . 8

William Jameson

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Jones

3 . 16 . 8

James Kemp

3 . 16 . 8

Edward Lambourne

3 . 16 . 8

John Lane

3 . 16 . 8

John Lovell Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Richard Moyes

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Morris

3 . 16 . 8

Abraham Major

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Martin

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Matthews

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Morris

3 . 16 . 8

Abraham Miller

3 . 16 . 8

James McCatty Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Thomas Nash

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Owens

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Perry

3 . 16 . 8

William Probis

3 . 16 . 8

Richard Penny

3 . 16 . 8

William Powell

3 . 16 . 8

David Patton 2 Days

1 . 8

Henry Richardson Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Adam Scott

3 . 16 . 8

Arthur Shill

3 . 16 . 8

Richard Slaughter

3 . 16 . 8

Richard Spight

3 . 16 . 8

Stephen Seymore

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Smith

3 . 16 . 8

David Stein

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 283 . 11 . 8

Carried Over

£ 2650 . 1 . 2

The pay of the privates of the Third Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £2,630 1s 2d

Privates brought forward, £153 2s 6d

Samuel Pleasant, £3 16s 8d

John Howe, £3 16s 8d

William Hamilton, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Hayes, £3 16s 8d

Richard Hunter, died 4 July, £0 3s 4d

Samuel Johnson, £3 16s 8d

John Jacks, £3 16s 8d

William Jameson, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Jones, £3 16s 8d

James Kemp, £3 16s 8d

Edward Lambourn, £3 16s 8d

John Lane, £3 16s 8d

John Lovell, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Richard Major, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Morris, £3 16s 8d

Abraham Major, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Marlow, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Matthews, £3 16s 8d

Charles Morris, £3 16s 8d

Abraham Miller, £3 16s 8d

James McCarty, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Thomas Nash, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Owens, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Perry, £3 16s 8d

William Pikes, £3 16s 8d

Richard Penny, £3 16s 8d

William Powell, £3 16s 8d

Daniel Patton, for 2 days, £0 1s 8d

Henry Richardson, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Adam Scott, £3 16s 8d

Arthur Stott, £3 16s 8d

Richard Haughton, £3 16s 8d

Richard Sleight, £3 16s 8d

Stephen Seymour, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Smith, £3 16s 8d

David Stone, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £283 11s 8d

Carried forward, £2,630 1s 2d

Interpretations

Daniel Patton, reduced from corporal on 28 September, appeared again here as a private for the last two days of the quarter at 10d a day. The clerk split his pay exactly between the two ranks. Richard Hunter died on 4 July, only three days into the quarter, and his estate received 3s 4d for the four days he was carried on the roll.

212

208

19th October

Brought Over

£ 2650 . 1 . 2

Private brought Over£ 283 . 11 . 8

George Short Appd. Corpl.

3 . 15

Francis Shambeer Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

John Thompson Senr.

3 . 16 . 8

George Towns

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Taylor

3 . 16 . 8

George Thompson

3 . 16 . 8

Jacob Thompson

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Vincent

3 . 16 . 8

George Varney transfd.

1 . 15

Thomas Ward

3 . 16 . 8

William Warner

3 . 16 . 8

Hatton Walker

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Williams Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

James Woods Entd. 3 August

2 . 9 . 2

Francis Wainwright dischd. 13 July

12 . 6

334 . 5

Fourth Company viz.

John Howard Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Samuel Desfountain Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

James Greentree Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Robert Gosling Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

John Deale

7 . 13 . 4

John Terry

7 . 13 . 4

George Wood

7 . 13 . 4

Thomas Williams

7 . 13 . 4

William Sharpe

7 . 13 . 4

Thomas Hylock

7 . 13 . 4

46

Carried Over

£ 3199 . 15 . 6½

The pay of the privates of the Third Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 closed with the following men, and the list then turned to the officers and sergeants of the Fourth Company.

Brought forward, £2,630 1s 2d

Privates brought forward, £283 11s 8d

George Short, appointed corporal, £3 15s 0d

Francis Shamber, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

John Thompson the elder, £3 16s 8d

George Towns, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Taylor, £3 16s 8d

George Thompson, £3 16s 8d

Jacob Thompson, £3 16s 8d

Richard Vincent, £3 16s 8d

George Harvey, transferred from the drummers, £1 15s 0d

Thomas Ward, £3 16s 8d

William Warner, £3 16s 8d

Walter Walker, £3 16s 8d

Henry Williams, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

James Woods, enlisted 3 August, £2 9s 2d

Francis Wainwright, discharged 15 July, £0 12s 6d

Privates, total, £334 5s 0d

Fourth Company, John Howard, captain, £59 6s 3d

Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Samuel Desfountain, total, £36 14s 4½d

James Gunter, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

James Gunter, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

James Gunter, house rent, £2 10s 0d

James Gunter, total, £36 14s 4½d

Robert Gentry, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Robert Gentry, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Robert Gentry, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Robert Gentry, total, £36 14s 4½d

Sergeant John Doole, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant John Terry, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant George Wood, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Thomas Williams, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant William Sharp, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Thomas Haylock, £7 13s 4d

Sergeants, total, £46 0s 0d

Carried forward, £3,199 15s 6½d

Interpretations

James Woods was taken onto the roll on 3 August, a month after the other recruits of the quarter. He was perhaps a seaman or passenger who enlisted from a ship in the roads, a common way for the Company to keep its garrison up to strength between drafts from England. Francis Wainwright was discharged on 15 July and paid exactly 15 days. George Short drew private's pay only for the part of the quarter before he became corporal, matching the two days at the higher rate recorded under the corporals.

213

209

1772

Brought Over

£ 3199 . 15 . 6½

Corporals viz.

George Smith

5 . 7 . 4

William Taylor

5 . 7 . 4

James Yeard

5 . 7 . 4

George German

5 . 7 . 4

John Stockdall

5 . 7 . 4

John Anderson

5 . 7 . 4

32 . 4

Drummers viz.

James Moyes

5 . 7 . 4

John Harper

5 . 7 . 4

10 . 14 . 8

Private viz.

John Allen

3 . 16 . 8

George Bennet

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Blackwell

3 . 16 . 8

John Bowler

3 . 16 . 8

William Blackman

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Bailey

3 . 16 . 8

Richard Bickerstaff

3 . 16 . 8

William Caleb Baldwin

3 . 16 . 8

Jacob Bonz

3 . 16 . 8

Jeremiah Butcher

3 . 16 . 8

John Bates

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Buckles

3 . 16 . 8

John Bard

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Batchelor Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

William Blake Do.

3 . 15 . 10

Caleb Broadway Do.

3 . 15 . 10

William Bicknell Do.

3 . 15 . 10

William Corksay

3 . 16 . 8

William Close

3 . 16 . 8

Josiah Cummings

3 . 16 . 8

John Clemans

3 . 16 . 8

John Campion

3 . 16 . 8

Samuel Clare

3 . 16 . 8

John Collins

3 . 16 . 8

Private Brought Over

£ 91 . 16 . 8

Carried Over

£ 3242 . 14 . 2½

The pay of the Fourth Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with its corporals, drummers and the first of its privates.

Brought forward, £3,199 15s 6½d

Corporal George Smith, £5 7s 4d

Corporal William Taylor, £5 7s 4d

Corporal James Ford, £5 7s 4d

Corporal George Arman, £5 7s 4d

Corporal John Stockdall, £5 7s 4d

Corporal John Anderson, £5 7s 4d

Corporals, total, £32 4s 0d

Drummer James Moyse, £5 7s 4d

Drummer John Harper, £5 7s 4d

Drummers, total, £10 14s 8d

John Allen, £3 16s 8d

George Bennet, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Blackwell, £3 16s 8d

John Bowles, £3 16s 8d

William Blackman, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Bailey, £3 16s 8d

Richard Bickerstaff, £3 16s 8d

William Caleb Baldwin, £3 16s 8d

Jacob Bray, £3 16s 8d

Jeremiah Belcher, £3 16s 8d

John Bates, £3 16s 8d

Robert Buckles, £3 16s 8d

John Bread, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Batchelor, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

William Blake, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Caleb Broadway, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

William Bicknell, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

William Cooksey, £3 16s 8d

William Close, £3 16s 8d

Josiah Cummings, £3 16s 8d

John Climan, £3 16s 8d

John Campion, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Clare, £3 16s 8d

John Collins, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £91 16s 8d

Carried forward, £3,242 14s 2½d

214

210

19th October

Brought Over

£ 3242 . 14 . 2½

Private brought Over£ 91 . 16 . 8

Thomas Dawson

3 . 16 . 8

John Dennis

3 . 16 . 8

John Deane

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Field

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Ferris

3 . 16 . 8

Francis Flynn

3 . 16 . 8

Hugh Frewen

3 . 16 . 8

George Green

3 . 16 . 8

John Gilmore

3 . 16 . 8

Edward German

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Goodfellow

3 . 16 . 8

Fredk. Gallion

3 . 16 . 8

William Goulding

3 . 16 . 8

Benjamin Garrard

3 . 16 . 8

Edward Groves

3 . 16 . 8

Richard Groves Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Henry Hamilton

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Harrenburg

3 . 16 . 8

Roger Haydon

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Hilliard

3 . 16 . 8

William Hailes

3 . 16 . 8

Christian Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

John Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

John Joyce

3 . 16 . 8

John Jones

3 . 16 . 8

John Jordan

3 . 16 . 8

Richard Kempton

3 . 16 . 8

Michael Keary

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Lyne

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Lewellen

3 . 16 . 8

John Latham Entd. 2 July

3 . 15 . 10

Thomas McDearman

3 . 16 . 8

Robert May

3 . 16 . 8

John Moyse

3 . 16 . 8

John Newton

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 229 . 15

Carried Over

£ 3242 . 14 . 2½

The pay of the privates of the Fourth Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £3,242 14s 2½d

Privates brought forward, £91 16s 8d

Thomas Dawson, £3 16s 8d

John Downes, £3 16s 8d

John Doane, £3 16s 8d

Charles Field, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Fores, £3 16s 8d

Francis Flynn, £3 16s 8d

Hugh Fenwen, £3 16s 8d

George Green, £3 16s 8d

John Gilmore, £3 16s 8d

Edward Gorman, £3 16s 8d

Robert Goodfellow, £3 16s 8d

Frederick Gallien, £3 16s 8d

William Goulding, £3 16s 8d

Benjamin Jarrard, £3 16s 8d

Edward Grant, £3 16s 8d

Richard Groves, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Henry Hamilton, £3 16s 8d

Henry Hamburg, £3 16s 8d

Roger Haydon, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Hilliard, £3 16s 8d

William Hales, £3 16s 8d

Christian Johnson, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Johnson, £3 16s 8d

John Johnson, £3 16s 8d

John Joyce, £3 16s 8d

John Jones, £3 16s 8d

John Jordan, £3 16s 8d

Richard Kempton, £3 16s 8d

Michael Keary, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Lyne, £3 16s 8d

Charles Lewellen, £3 16s 8d

John Latham, enlisted 2 July, £3 15s 10d

Thomas McKeirnan, £3 16s 8d

Robert May, £3 16s 8d

John Moyce, £3 16s 8d

John Newton, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £229 15s 0d

Carried forward, £3,242 14s 2½d

215

211

1772

Brought Over

£ 3242 . 14 . 2½

Private brought Over£ 229 . 15

Daniel Patrick

3 . 16 . 8

William Parker

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Prichard

3 . 16 . 8

John Pink

3 . 16 . 8

John Pheed

3 . 16 . 8

William Powell

3 . 16 . 8

Richard Penny

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Parkinson

3 . 16 . 8

Richard Pearce

3 . 16 . 8

John Richardson

3 . 16 . 8

William Seaman

3 . 16 . 8

William Steadman

3 . 16 . 8

James Sea

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Smith

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Smith

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Stevens

3 . 16 . 8

John Turner

3 . 16 . 8

William Tucker

3 . 16 . 8

Stephen Vanderhorst

3 . 16 . 8

William Moor Entd. 2 July & transfd.

2 . 1 . 8

William Wait

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Watts

3 . 16 . 8

Samuel Willson

3 . 16 . 8

John Wood

3 . 16 . 8

Peter White

3 . 16 . 8

John Windall

3 . 16 . 8

John Wilkinson

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Woody

3 . 16 . 8

John Willson dischd. 13 July

10 . 10

335 . 17 . 6

Artillery Company viz.

James Tippet Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Thomas Leech Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Carried Over

£ 3674 . 12 . 4

The pay of the privates of the Fourth Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 closed with the following men, and the list then turned to the officers of the Artillery Company.

Brought forward, £3,242 14s 2½d

Privates brought forward, £229 15s 0d

Daniel Patrick, £3 16s 8d

William Parker, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Pritchard, £3 16s 8d

John Pink, £3 16s 8d

John Plane, £3 16s 8d

William Powell, £3 16s 8d

Richard Penny, £3 16s 8d

Robert Parkinson, £3 16s 8d

Richard Pearce, £3 16s 8d

John Richardson, £3 16s 8d

William Sedgman, £3 16s 8d

William Stedman, £3 16s 8d

James Fox, £3 16s 8d

Charles Smith, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Smith, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Simms, £3 16s 8d

John Turner, £3 16s 8d

William Tucker, £3 16s 8d

Stephen Vanderhorst, £3 16s 8d

William Hern, enlisted 2 July and later transferred, £2 1s 8d

William Mart, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Watts, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Wilson, £3 16s 8d

John Wood, £3 16s 8d

Peter White, £3 16s 8d

John Wendall, £3 16s 8d

John Wilkinson, £3 16s 8d

Robert Worthy, £3 16s 8d

John Wilson, discharged 13 July, £0 10s 10d

Privates, total, £335 17s 6d

Artillery Company, James Tippet, captain, £59 6s 3d

Thomas Leech, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Leech, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Leech, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Leech, total, £36 14s 4½d

Carried forward, £3,674 12s 4d

Interpretations

William Hern was paid here as a private from his enlistment on 2 July until his transfer, and he appeared again among the drummers of the Third Company for the rest of the quarter. A recruit who could beat a drum was a valuable find, and the Company moved him where he was needed rather than leaving him in the ranks. James Tippet drew £59 6s 3d as captain of the Artillery Company on top of his £52 10s 0d as engineer. That combined the island's two most technical posts in one man, since both the guns and the fortifications they stood in depended on the same mathematical training.

216

212

19th October

Brought Over

£ 3674 . 12 . 4

John Shirley Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Robert Gilson Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

John Whitchurch

9 . 4

John Turner

9 . 4

James Pope

9 . 4

Thomas Ines

9 . 4

Sedgwick Wetherall

9 . 4

Benjamin Holmes

9 . 4

55 . 4

Corporals viz.

Samuel Ringrow

6 . 18

James Waller

6 . 18

William Pink

6 . 18

William Crabb

6 . 18

John Fox

6 . 18

William Stapleford

6 . 18

41 . 8

Bombardiers viz.

John Smith

6 . 18

Thomas Yates

6 . 18

Philip Conneway

6 . 18

William Rankin

6 . 18

27 . 12

Gunners viz.

John Towers

6 . 2 . 8

Charles Abraham

6 . 2 . 8

James Graham dischd. 30 Sept.

6 . 2 . 8

John Wright

6 . 2 . 8

Thomas Price

6 . 2 . 8

George Street

6 . 2 . 8

Gunners Carried Over

£ 36 . 16

Carried Over

£ 3872 . 5 . 1

The pay of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with its lieutenants, sergeants, corporals, bombardiers and the first of its gunners.

Brought forward, £3,674 12s 4d

John Shirley, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

John Shirley, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

John Shirley, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Shirley, total, £36 14s 4½d

Robert Gillam, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Robert Gillam, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Robert Gillam, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Robert Gillam, total, £36 14s 4½d

Sergeant John Whitchurch, £9 4s 0d

Sergeant James Turner, £9 4s 0d

Sergeant James Parfit, £9 4s 0d

Sergeant Thomas Jones, £9 4s 0d

Sergeant Sedgwick Witherall, £9 4s 0d

Sergeant Benjamin Holmes, £9 4s 0d

Sergeants, total, £55 4s 0d

Corporal Samuel Ringrose, £6 18s 0d

Corporal James Waller, £6 18s 0d

Corporal William Peck, £6 18s 0d

Corporal William Crabb, £6 18s 0d

Corporal John Fay, £6 18s 0d

Corporal William Stapleford, £6 18s 0d

Corporals, total, £41 8s 0d

Bombardier John Smith, £6 18s 0d

Bombardier Thomas Yates, £6 18s 0d

Bombardier Philip Conway, £6 18s 0d

Bombardier William Franklin, £6 18s 0d

Bombardiers, total, £27 12s 0d

Gunner John Jones, £6 2s 8d

Gunner Charles Abraham, £6 2s 8d

Gunner James Graham, discharged 30 September, £6 2s 8d

Gunner John Wright, £6 2s 8d

Gunner Thomas Rose, £6 2s 8d

Gunner George Grant, £6 2s 8d

Gunners carried forward, £36 16s 0d

Carried forward, £3,872 5s 1d

Interpretations

The artillery was paid on a markedly higher scale than the infantry companies. An artillery sergeant received 2s a day against an infantry sergeant's 1s 8d, and an artillery corporal or bombardier 1s 6d against 1s 2d. A gunner drew 1s 4d a day, more than half as much again as an infantry private's 10d. The difference reflected the skill the work demanded: laying and firing heavy guns, judging charges and fuses, and handling powder safely in the island's batteries. A bombardier ranked with a corporal and was originally the specialist who handled mortars and explosive shells.

217

213

1772

Brought Over

£ 3872 . 5 . 1

Gunners brought Over£ 36 . 16

John Anderson Reduced

5 . 1

Matthew Charlton

6 . 2 . 8

Thomas Wade promd.

5 . 13 . 8

Thomas Farr Do.

5 . 13 . 8

59 . 7

Drummers viz.

Joseph Branson

5 . 7 . 4

Peter Fox

5 . 7 . 4

10 . 14 . 8

William Gossing Fifer

4 . 12

Matrosses viz.

William Allen

4 . 12

Thomas Allesworth

4 . 12

Benjamin Burton

4 . 12

William Blevin

4 . 12

Joseph Bowman

4 . 12

Thomas Bowen

4 . 12

John Cope

4 . 12

Robert Cunningham

4 . 12

John Coleman

4 . 12

Matthew Craven

4 . 12

John Corbet

4 . 12

Thomas Connell

4 . 12

John Clark Entd. 2 July

4 . 10

James Dunn

4 . 12

James Dawson

4 . 12

John Dorse

4 . 12

John Euston

4 . 12

Patrick Etherington

4 . 12

Joseph Fellows

4 . 12

Joseph Finlinson

4 . 12

William Faircliff

4 . 12

Henry Friendly

4 . 12

Christian Greenwald

4 . 12

Thomas Gorell

4 . 12

Matrosses Carried Over

£ 110 . 6

Carried Over

£ 3946 . 18 . 9

The pay of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued with the rest of its gunners, its drummers and fifer, and the first of its matrosses.

Brought forward, £3,872 5s 1d

Gunners brought forward, £36 16s 0d

Gunner John Anderson, reduced, £5 1s 0d

Gunner Matthew Charlton, £6 2s 8d

Gunner Thomas Wale, promoted, £5 13s 8d

Gunner Thomas Saw, promoted, £5 13s 8d

Gunners, total, £59 7s 0d

Drummer Joseph Branson, £5 7s 4d

Drummer Peter Fry, £5 7s 4d

Drummers, total, £10 14s 8d

William Gipping, fifer, £4 12s 0d

William Allen, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Allworth, £4 12s 0d

Benjamin Burton, £4 12s 0d

William Blewin, £4 12s 0d

Joseph Bowman, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Brown, £4 12s 0d

John Cope, £4 12s 0d

Robert Cunningham, £4 12s 0d

John Coleman, £4 12s 0d

Matthew Craven, £4 12s 0d

John Corbet, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Cornell, £4 12s 0d

John Clark, enlisted 2 July, £4 10s 0d

James Dunn, £4 12s 0d

James Dawson, £4 12s 0d

John Dawn, £4 12s 0d

John Euston, £4 12s 0d

Patrick Edlington, £4 12s 0d

Joseph Fellows, £4 12s 0d

Joseph Johnson, £4 12s 0d

William Fairclough, £4 12s 0d

Henry Farmby, £4 12s 0d

Christian Gennawald, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Gould, £4 12s 0d

Matrosses carried forward, £110 6s 0d

Carried forward, £3,946 18s 9d

Interpretations

A matross was the private soldier of the artillery. He helped the gunners haul, load, sponge and traverse the guns, and was trained to take a gunner's place if one fell. Matrosses received 1s a day, a fifth more than an infantry private, which made the artillery the better-paid branch at every rank. Thomas Wale and Thomas Saw were paid at the gunner's rate only from their promotion during the quarter, while John Anderson's reduction cut his pay for the remainder of it. The fifer, William Gipping, was paid at the matross's rate rather than the drummer's, since the fife was a lesser instrument in the calls of the garrison.

218

214

19th October

Brought Over

£ 3946 . 18 . 9

Matrosses brought Over£ 110 . 6

James Gilmore

4 . 12

Thomas Green

4 . 12

Joseph Griffiths

4 . 12

Nicholas Godfrey

4 . 12

Richard Gibbs

4 . 12

Charles Frazer Entd. from 3 Compy.

4 . 12

Owen Howard

4 . 12

Alexr. Henderson

4 . 12

Francis Harding

4 . 12

Mullas Harper

4 . 12

William Harrison

4 . 12

Maynard Hayes

4 . 12

Robert Harmer

4 . 12

William Hurst

4 . 12

William Holloway

4 . 12

James Judge

4 . 12

Matthew Kernan

4 . 12

George Marshal

4 . 12

John Moore

4 . 12

Richard Morgan

4 . 12

John Mann

4 . 12

Evans Martin

4 . 12

John Munnings

4 . 12

Jonathan Mallet

4 . 12

William Mackey

4 . 12

William McBeth

4 . 12

Thomas Nimble

4 . 12

Robert Nichols

4 . 12

William Phillips

4 . 12

James Peacock

4 . 12

John Parker

4 . 12

Richard Pearce

4 . 12

William Robinson

4 . 12

Robert Riley

4 . 12

Charles Russell

4 . 12

Matrosses Carried Over

£ 271 . 6

Carried Over

£ 3946 . 18 . 9

The pay of the matrosses of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £3,946 18s 9d

Matrosses brought forward, £110 6s 0d

James Gilmore, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Green, £4 12s 0d

Joseph Griffiths, £4 12s 0d

Nicholas Godfrey, £4 12s 0d

Richard Gibbs, £4 12s 0d

Charles Grafton, transferred from the Third Company, £4 12s 0d

Owen Howard, £4 12s 0d

Alexander Henderson, £4 12s 0d

Francis Harding, £4 12s 0d

Miles Hooper, £4 12s 0d

William Harrison, £4 12s 0d

Maynard Hayes, £4 12s 0d

Robert Harman, £4 12s 0d

William Hunt, £4 12s 0d

William Holloway, £4 12s 0d

James Judge, £4 12s 0d

Matthew Hannon, £4 12s 0d

George Marshal, £4 12s 0d

John Moore, £4 12s 0d

Richard Morgan, £4 12s 0d

John Mann, £4 12s 0d

Isaac Martin, £4 12s 0d

John Mannings, £4 12s 0d

Jonathan Mallet, £4 12s 0d

William Mackey, £4 12s 0d

William McBeth, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Nimble, £4 12s 0d

Robert Nichols, £4 12s 0d

William Phillips, £4 12s 0d

James Peacock, £4 12s 0d

John Parker, £4 12s 0d

Richard Pearce, £4 12s 0d

William Robinson, £4 12s 0d

Robert Riley, £4 12s 0d

Charles Russell, £4 12s 0d

Matrosses carried forward, £271 6s 0d

Carried forward, £3,946 18s 9d

Interpretations

Charles Grafton was drawn from the Third Company into the artillery and paid at the matross's rate for the whole quarter. The artillery had been enlarged during the year, and the Company filled part of the increase by moving trained infantrymen across rather than waiting for recruits from England. A move to the artillery was a step up for the soldier, since it raised his pay from 10d to 1s a day.

219

215

1772

Brought Over

£ 3946 . 18 . 9

Matrosses brought Over£ 271 . 6

Abraham Pirrow

4 . 12

Thomas Richardson

4 . 12

Andrew Shoones

4 . 12

Godfrey Smith

4 . 12

John Smith

4 . 12

William Smith Senr.

4 . 12

William Smith Junr.

4 . 12

William Shore

4 . 12

John Shoell

4 . 12

Thomas Selbey

4 . 12

Michael Scully

4 . 12

Richard Waterhouse

4 . 12

John Willson

4 . 12

Samuel Wood

4 . 12

John White

4 . 12

William Weston

4 . 12

John Wilkinson

4 . 12

Robert Wood

4 . 12

Edward Ware

4 . 12

358 . 14

Pensioners viz.

Nathan Smyfull

13 . 15 . 11

Michael Frost

13 . 15 . 11

Mary Peake

7 . 10

Elizabeth Kennedy

7 . 10

42 . 11 . 10

£ 4348 . 4 . 7

The pay of the matrosses of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 30 September 1772 closed with the following men, and the list ended with the island's pensioners.

Brought forward, £3,946 18s 9d

Matrosses brought forward, £271 6s 0d

Abraham Renew, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Richardson, £4 12s 0d

Andrew Schooner, £4 12s 0d

Godfrey Smith, £4 12s 0d

John Smith, £4 12s 0d

William Smith the elder, £4 12s 0d

William Smith the younger, £4 12s 0d

William Shaw, £4 12s 0d

John Stowell, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Sabey, £4 12s 0d

Michael Scully, £4 12s 0d

Richard Waterhouse, £4 12s 0d

John Wilson, £4 12s 0d

Samuel Wood, £4 12s 0d

John White, £4 12s 0d

William Weldon, £4 12s 0d

John Wilkinson, £4 12s 0d

Robert Ward, £4 12s 0d

Edward Ware, £4 12s 0d

Matrosses, total, £358 14s 0d

Pensioner Nathan Sampell, £13 15s 11d

Pensioner Michael Frost, £13 15s 11d

Pensioner Mary Beale, £7 10s 0d

Pensioner Elizabeth Kennedy, £7 10s 0d

Pensioners, total, £42 11s 10d

Salaries, pay and pensions, total, £4,348 4s 7d

Interpretations

The Company kept a small pension list on the island at its own charge. Nathan Sampell and Michael Frost, at £13 15s 11d a quarter, were probably old or disabled servants pensioned off after long service. Their rate was about 3s a day, well above a soldier's pay, which suggests former officers or skilled men. Mary Beale and Elizabeth Kennedy received £7 10s 0d each and were perhaps widows of men who had died in the Company's service. Pensioning them locally was cheaper and kinder than shipping them to England with no means of support, and it kept the families of long-serving soldiers from falling on the parish poor fund.

The whole establishment for the quarter cost £4,348 4s 7d, or roughly £17,400 a year. Pay and allowances for the garrison of five companies made up the greater part. That outlay, together with the provisions and stores already listed, was the price the Company paid to hold a fortified watering station in mid-ocean for its India and China ships.

220

216

19th October

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 Septr. 30 To Cash from the Chest

£ 5534 . 4 . 7

Carried Over

£ 5534 . 4 . 7

William Wrangham, the paymaster, was charged in his account with the following sum on 30 September 1772.

Cash received from the treasury chest, £5,534 4s 7d

Carried forward, £5,534 4s 7d

Interpretations

The page set out the debit side of the paymaster's personal account with the Company. Every sum Wrangham drew from the treasury chest was charged against him, and he remained answerable for it until he could show receipts for its payment. The £5,534 4s 7d he took out for the quarter exceeded the pay list of £4,348 4s 7d by £1,186 0s 0d. He therefore had to account for that balance through other disbursements on the opposite side. This double-entry control made the paymaster personally liable for any shortfall, which was the Company's main safeguard against loss or fraud in handling cash on a remote station.

221

217

1772

Paymaster Cr.

1772 July 18th By Cash paid for 11 Serge Jackets at 7/6 ea. for the Slaves

4 . 2 . 6

By Do. pd. for 472 days Labr. Work in the Stores

unloading the Store Ship & bringing Goods from the

Crane recd. from Ships Lord North & Lord Holland

23 . 12

By Do. pd. Captn. Deare for 504 Deals

72 . 8 . 3

By Do. pd. Do. for 102 Spars

56 . 2

By Do. pd. for Cloth to make Cuffs & Collars for the Drummers

Coats

13

By Do. pd. the Coroner for an Inquest on the Body of Joseph

Bristow decd.

1 . 5

By Do. pd. the Clerk of Arraignments & Cryer of the Court

of Justice

12 . 6

By Do. pd. for repairing 14 Watch Coats

1 . 1

By Do. pd. Capt. Allen for C. qr. lb 473 . 1 . 25 Wheat @ 7/6

169 . 16 . 5

By Do. pd. Capt. Tryon of Ship Deptford for a Stallion

brought from the Cape

35

By Do. pd. Do. for Garden Seeds

4 . 10

By Do. pd. for the following Labour Work viz.

103 days Carryg. Stores from Ships

Hampshire, Rochford, Clive

and Deptford£ 5 . 5

57 days Working in the Stores

2 . 17

5 Do. Grinding Wheat

5

8 . 7

By Do. pd. James Proctor for Sawing

6 . 18

By Do. pd. the Constable for Rats & Mice destroyed

1 . 1 . 8

By Do. pd. the Fife Major for teaching the Young Fifers

2 . 6

By Do. pd. Thomas Jordan for Working in the Long Wood

3 . 17

By Do. pd. Edward Daniels his House Rent

5

By Do. pd. Capt. Reed of Ship Godfrey for the Passage of

James Graham & Richard Penny two Invalid

Soldiers to England

10

By Do. pd. Noguedah Pocolum & Hasspanger their

Allowance for Salt Provision & House Rent

6 . 11

By Do. pd. for 6 Ps. Sinamees for the Castle

2 . 18

By Do. pd. James Farrell for assisting in the Hospital

during the Illness of Mr. Prichard Surgeons Mate

2 . 14 . 8

Carried Over

£ 420 . 18

William Wrangham, the paymaster, took credit in his account for the following payments, the first entered on 18 July 1772.

Serge jackets for the slaves, 11 at 7s 6d each, £4 2s 6d

Labourers' work in the stores, 472 days, unloading the store ship and bringing goods up from the crane out of the Lord North and the Lord Holland, £23 12s 0d

Captain Deane, for deals, 504, £72 8s 3d

Captain Deane, for spars, 100, £56 2s 0d

Cloth for the cuffs and collars of the drummers' coats, £0 13s 0d

The coroner, for an inquest on the body of Joseph Bristow, £1 5s 0d

The clerk of arraignments and the crier of the court of justice, £0 12s 6d

Repairs to watch coats, 14, £1 1s 0d

Captain Allen, for wheat, 453 cwt 1 qr 23 lb at 7s 6d, £169 16s 5d

Captain Jayne of the Deptford, for a stallion brought from the Cape, £35 0s 0d

Captain Jayne of the Deptford, for garden seeds, £4 10s 0d

Labourers' work, 105 days, towing stores ashore from the Hampshire, the Rochford, the Clive and the Deptford, £5 5s 0d

Labourers' work in the stores, 57 days, £2 17s 0d

Labourers' work grinding wheat, 5 days, £0 5s 0d

Labourers' work, total, £8 7s 0d

James Procter, for sawing, £6 18s 0d

The constable, for rats and mice destroyed, £1 1s 8d

The fife major, for teaching the young fifers, £2 6s 0d

Thomas Jordan, for work at Longwood, £3 17s 0d

Edward Daniels, house rent, £5 0s 0d

Captain Reed of the Godfrey, for the passage to England of James Graham and Richard Penny, two invalid soldiers, £10 0s 0d

Noquedah Pocolam and Marsingo, allowance for salt provisions and house rent, £6 11s 0d

Surcingles for the cattle, 6, £2 18s 0d

James Farrell, for helping in the hospital during the illness of Mr Pritchard, surgeon's mate, £2 14s 8d

Carried forward, £420 18s 0d

Interpretations

The payment to "Noquedah Pocolam and Marsingo" sheds light on the account headed "Mallay" in the stores. Nakhoda was the title used across the Indian Ocean for the master of a country vessel, so Pocolam was probably the master of a small eastern craft, with Marsingo perhaps his mate. The Company paid the two men a cash allowance for salt provisions and house rent, on top of the coffee, tea, sugar, boat stores and household goods charged to their account in the warehouse. This suggests a skilled Malay boat crew kept on a retainer, housed in Jamestown and supplied on a better footing than the Company's slaves.

The constable was paid by the head for rats and mice destroyed, an early form of bounty that turned pest control into a small public office. Captain Jayne of the Deptford was paid £35 0s 0d for a stallion brought from the Cape. Breeding stock for the island's horses was bought from passing ships rather than from England, since a horse stood a far better chance of surviving the short run from the Cape than the long voyage out. James Graham, the gunner discharged on 30 September, and Richard Penny, a private of the Third Company, were sent home in the Godfrey as invalids at the Company's charge.

222

218

19th October

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 Septemr. 30 To Cash brought Over

£ 5534 . 4 . 7

Carried Over

£ 5534 . 4 . 7

The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster carried the cash he had drawn from the chest forward unchanged on 30 September 1772.

Cash brought forward, £5,534 4s 7d

Carried forward, £5,534 4s 7d

223

219

1772

Paymaster Cr.

Brought Over

£ 420 . 18

1772 Sept. 30th By Cash paid 193 days Labour Work at the Lieut. Govr.

House in Long Wood

9 . 19 . 6

By Do. pd. Frederick Gallion for Making 169 Batches Bread

for the Garrison @ 21 p Btch.

14 . 15 . 9

By Do. for 6 Hams wt. lb 125 for the Table

7 . 16 . 3

By Do. pd. for bringg. Goods from the Crane recd. from Ship Godfrey

19

By Do. pd. Thomas Yates Sexton for making Graves for 3

decd. Soldiers

7 . 6

By Do. pd. the Lieut. Governor for Mutton

3

By Do. pd. for 14 Expresses upon Alarms

3 . 10

By Do. pd. the following Men for Enlisting to Serve the Honble.

Company 5 Years as Soldiers subject to the Articles

of War their respective Times to commence as follow viz.

James Wood from 3 August£ 5

Joseph Peal Do. 28 Sept.

7 . 7

John Phillips Do. 30 Do.

7 . 7

19 . 14

By Do. pd. the following discharged Soldiers for Relisting to

serve 5 Years longer Subject to the Articles of War their

respective Times to commence as follows viz.

John Christian Ruffe from 7 July£ 10

Edward German 19 Do.

10

Robert Hardie 3 Augt.

10

Christian Johnson 7 Do.

10

John Rynd 24 Do.

10

Hatton Walker 30 Do.

10

John Allman 1 Sept.

10

Peter Higgins 9 Do.

10

80

By Do. pd. for the following for the General Table viz.

43 doz Eggs£ 3 . 4 . 6

lb 56¼ Pork

1 . 8 . 7

81 Fowls

6 . 1 . 6

4 Turkeys

1

1 Jar Tamarinds

1 . 3

56 doz Bottles

4 . 4

Carried Over

£ 17 . 3 . 7

Carried Over

£ 561

The paymaster's payments continued to 30 September 1772 with labour, bread, food for the table and bounties paid to soldiers.

Brought forward, £420 18s 0d

Labourers' work at the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 199 days, £9 19s 6d

Frederick Gallien, for baking bread for the garrison, 169 batches at 1s 9d, £14 15s 9d

Hams for the table, 6, weighing 175 lb, £7 16s 3d

Carrying goods from the crane, out of the Godfrey, £0 19s 0d

Thomas Yates, sexton, for digging graves for 3 dead soldiers, £0 7s 6d

The Lieutenant Governor, for mutton, £3 0s 0d

Messengers sent out on alarms, £3 10s 0d

Bounty to James Wood for enlisting for 5 years, from 3 August, £5 0s 0d

Bounty to Joseph Peel for enlisting for 5 years, from 28 September, £7 7s 0d

Bounty to John Phillips for enlisting for 5 years, from 30 September, £7 7s 0d

Bounties for new enlistments, total, £19 14s 0d

Bounty to John Christian Muffe for re-enlisting for 3 years, from 7 July, £10 0s 0d

Bounty to Edward Gorman for re-enlisting for 3 years, from 19 July, £10 0s 0d

Bounty to Robert Hardes for re-enlisting for 3 years, from 3 August, £10 0s 0d

Bounty to Christian Johnson for re-enlisting for 3 years, from 7 August, £10 0s 0d

Bounty to John Myall for re-enlisting for 3 years, from 24 August, £10 0s 0d

Bounty to Walter Walker for re-enlisting for 3 years, from 30 August, £10 0s 0d

Bounty to John Alman for re-enlisting for 3 years, from 1 September, £10 0s 0d

Bounty to Peter Higgins for re-enlisting for 3 years, from 9 September, £10 0s 0d

Bounties for re-enlistments, total, £80 0s 0d

Eggs for the general table, 43 dozen, £3 4s 6d

Pork for the general table, 56½ lb, £1 8s 7d

Fowls for the general table, 81, £6 1s 6d

Turkeys for the general table, 4, £1 0s 0d

Sucking pig for the general table, 1, £1 3s 0d

Bottles for the general table, 56 dozen, £4 4s 0d

General table carried forward, £17 3s 7d

Carried forward, £561 0s 0d

Interpretations

The Company paid a higher bounty to keep a trained soldier than to recruit a new one. A man enlisting locally for five years received £7 7s 0d, while each discharged soldier who agreed to serve three years more received £10 0s 0d. Eight men re-enlisted during the quarter. Each one spared the Company the cost of a passage home and of shipping out and training a raw recruit in his place. The bounty was a cheaper course than replacement, and it kept seasoned men in a garrison that could not quickly be reinforced. Each man signed on under the Articles of War, which bound him to military law and discipline for the full term. Joseph Peel and John Phillips enlisted only on 28 and 30 September and were made corporals at once, so they were probably former soldiers or seamen with some experience behind them.

The general table was the common table kept at the Company's charge for the Governor, the Council and the senior servants on public occasions and for entertaining the commanders of ships in the roads. Its eggs, fowls, turkeys and hams were bought from the island's planters, giving them a market for their produce. The messengers sent out on alarms carried warnings between the signal posts, the batteries and Jamestown when a strange sail was sighted.

224

220

19th October

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 Septemr. 30 To Cash brought Over

£ 5534 . 4 . 7

Carried Over

£ 5534 . 4 . 7

On 30 September 1772 the debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster again carried the cash he had drawn from the chest forward unchanged.

Cash brought forward, £5,534 4s 7d

Carried forward, £5,534 4s 7d

225

221

1772

Paymaster Cr.

Brought Over

£ 561

1772 Sept. 30 Brought Over£ 17 . 3 . 7

5 Pigs

1 . 5

2 Cheeses wt. lb 48

2 . 8

lb 488½ Beef

10 . 3 . 5

4½ doz Preserved Fruit

8 . 2

2 Jars Mangoes

1 . 5

9 Ducks

13 . 6

1 Goose

5

2 Bottles Olives

11

41 . 16 . 6

By Cash pd. for the following Work in clearing the Water

Course in James's Valley viz.

248¾ Days Labourers£ 18 . 7 . 2

15 Do. Overseers

1 . 2 . 6

19 . 9 . 8

By Do. pd. for the following Work at the Officers Barracks viz.

17 days Masons£ 1 . 5 . 6

284¾ Do. Carpenters

21 . 7 . 1½

76½ Do. Do. @ 1/3

4 . 15 . 7½

20½ Do. Smiths

1 . 10 . 9

21 Do. Sawyers

1 . 11 . 6

56½ Do. Tilers

4 . 4

17 Do. Painters

1 . 5 . 6

78 Do. Overseers

5 . 17

228 Do. Plastrs.

17 . 2

1217½ Do. Labourers

60 . 17 . 6

120 . . 6

By Do. pd. for the following Work repairg. the Long Boats viz.

90 days Carpenters£ 6 . 15

9 Do. Smiths

13 . 6

29 Do. Caulkers

2 . 3 . 6

2 Do. Sawyers

3

563½ Do. Labourers bring. Lime

28 . 3 . 6

37 . 18 . 6

By Do. pd. 45 days Smiths Work cleaning Small Arms

3 . 10 . 6

By Do. pd. 3 Do. Do. Do. at Sandy Bay Port Cullis

4 . 6

By Do. pd. 84 Do. Stone Sawyers at the New Church

6 . 6 . 9

Carried Over

£ 790 . 6 . 11

The paymaster's payments to 30 September 1772 continued with provisions for the general table and the wages of workmen on the island's public works.

Brought forward, £561 0s 0d

General table brought forward, £17 3s 7d

Pigs, 5, £1 5s 0d

Cheeses, 2, weighing 48 lb, £2 8s 0d

Beef, 488½ lb, £10 3s 5d

Preserved fruit, 4½ dozen, £8 2s 0d

Mangoes, 2 jars, £1 5s 0d

Ducks, 3, £0 13s 6d

Goose, 1, £0 5s 0d

Olives, 2 bottles, £0 11s 0d

General table, total, £41 16s 6d

Labourers cleaning the watercourse in James's Valley, 288¾ days, £18 7s 2d

Overseers cleaning the watercourse in James's Valley, 15 days, £1 2s 6d

Watercourse, total, £19 9s 8d

Masons at the officers' barracks, 17 days, £1 5s 6d

Carpenters at the officers' barracks, 284¾ days, £21 7s 4½d

Carpenters at the officers' barracks at 1s 3d a day, 76½ days, £4 15s 7½d

Smiths at the officers' barracks, 20½ days, £1 10s 9d

Sawyers at the officers' barracks, 21 days, £1 11s 6d

Tilers at the officers' barracks, 56½ days, £4 4s 0d

Painters at the officers' barracks, 17 days, £1 5s 6d

Overseers at the officers' barracks, 78 days, £5 17s 0d

Plasterers at the officers' barracks, 228 days, £17 2s 0d

Labourers at the officers' barracks, 1,217½ days, £60 17s 6d

Officers' barracks, total, £120 0s 6d

Carpenters repairing the Long [...], 90 days, £6 15s 0d

Smiths repairing the Long [...], 9 days, £0 13s 6d

Coopers repairing the Long [...], 29 days, £2 3s 6d

Sawyers repairing the Long [...], 2 days, £0 3s 0d

Labourers burning lime, 563½ days, £28 3s 6d

Repairs and lime burning, total, £37 18s 6d

Smiths cleaning small arms, 25 days, £3 10s 6d

Smiths at the portcullis at Sandy Bay, 3 days, £0 4s 6d

Stone sawyers at the new church, 34 days, £6 6s 9d

Carried forward, £790 6s 11d

Interpretations

The officers' barracks were the largest single work in progress, costing £120 0s 6d in wages for the quarter alone. Over 1,200 days of labour went into them, and 228 days of plastering. This matches the heavy issue of plasterers' trowels, brushes, laths, locks, deals and Riga timber from the stores, and the cased joinery of sashes, balusters and carved brackets held in the warehouse. The building was clearly being fitted out to a respectable standard for the officers of the enlarged garrison. Day rates can be read from the figures. Skilled men such as masons, carpenters and plasterers earned 1s 6d a day, a junior carpenter 1s 3d, and a labourer 1s.

Cleaning the watercourse in James's Valley absorbed nearly 290 days of labour. The channel had to be kept clear because silt and rubble choked it in the wet season, and a blocked course had flooded Jamestown in the past and threatened the new landing place. The portcullis at Sandy Bay closed the gateway of the battery guarding that landing on the windward side of the island, one of the few spots where an enemy could put men ashore. The preserved fruit and mangoes for the general table were probably bought from homeward ships out of India.

226

222

19th October

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 Sept. 30 To Cash brought Over

£ 5534 . 4 . 7

Carried Over

£ 5534 . 4 . 7

William Wrangham's account as paymaster still showed the same cash drawn from the chest on its debit side on 30 September 1772, carried forward without change.

Cash brought forward, £5,534 4s 7d

Carried forward, £5,534 4s 7d

227

223

1772

Paymaster Cr.

Brought Over

£ 790 . 6 . 11

1772 Sept. 30 By Cash paid 74 days Labourers Work at the New Church

3 . 14

By Do. pd. for the following Work at the Officers Rooms at

Banks's

9½ days Masons£ 14 . 3

3 Do. Painters

4 . 6

31 Do. Labourers

1 . 11

2 . 9 . 9

By Do. pd. 91 days Overseers burning Lime at Sandy Bay

4 . 11

By Do. pd. for the following Repairs at the Plantation House

19 days Smiths£ 1 . 8 . 6

10 Do. Masons

15

50 Do. Carpenters

3 . 15

18 Do. Painters

1 . 7

2 Do. Sawyers

3

134 Do. Labourers

6 . 14

14 . 2 . 6

By Do. pd. 21¾ days Labourers Work Cleaning Banks's Path

1 . 1 . 9

By Do. pd. 118½ Do. Do. Side Path

5 . 18 . 6

By Do. pd. for the following Work at Ladder Hill new Road

63 days Overseers£ 4 . 14 . 6

6 Do. Smiths

9

1411¾ Do. Labourers

105 . 17 . 7

287½ Do. Masons

43 . 3 . 3

154 . 4 . 4

By Do. pd. for the following Work at the Lieut. Governors House

in the Long Wood viz.

210 days Carpenters£ 15 . 15

10 Do. Painters

15

7 Do. Sawyers

10 . 6

13 Do. Smiths

19 . 6

18 Do. Stone Sawyers

1 . 7

539 Do. Labourers

26 . 19

132 Do. Masons

9 . 19 . 6

4 Do. Plastrs.

6

Carrying 43 Loads dirt @ 3

10 . 9

Do. 48 Do. @ 6

1 . 4

58 . 6 . 3

Carried Over

£ 1034 . 15

The paymaster's payments to 30 September 1772 continued with wages for building and repair work across the island.

Brought forward, £790 6s 11d

Labourers at the new church, 74 days, £3 14s 0d

Masons at the officers' rooms at Banks's, 9½ days, £0 14s 3d

Painters at the officers' rooms at Banks's, 3 days, £0 4s 6d

Labourers at the officers' rooms at Banks's, 31 days, £1 11s 0d

Officers' rooms at Banks's, total, £2 9s 9d

[...] burning lime at Sandy Bay, 91 days, £4 11s 0d

Smiths repairing Plantation House, 19 days, £1 8s 6d

Masons repairing Plantation House, 10 days, £0 15s 0d

Carpenters repairing Plantation House, 50 days, £3 15s 0d

Painters repairing Plantation House, 18 days, £1 7s 0d

Sawyers repairing Plantation House, 2 days, £0 3s 0d

Labourers repairing Plantation House, 134 days, £6 14s 0d

Plantation House, total, £14 2s 6d

Labourers clearing Banks's path, 21¾ days, £1 1s 9d

Labourers clearing the Side Path, 118½ days, £5 18s 6d

Overseers on the new road at Ladder Hill, 63 days, £4 14s 6d

Smiths on the new road at Ladder Hill, 6 days, £0 9s 0d

Labourers on the new road at Ladder Hill, [...] days, £105 17s 7d

Masons on the new road at Ladder Hill, 287½ days, £43 3s 3d

Ladder Hill road, total, £154 4s 4d

Carpenters at the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 210 days, £15 15s 0d

Painters at the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 10 days, £0 15s 0d

Sawyers at the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 7 days, £0 10s 6d

Smiths at the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 13 days, £0 19s 6d

Stone sawyers at the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 18 days, £1 7s 0d

Labourers at the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 539 days, £26 19s 0d

Masons at the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 133 days, £9 19s 6d

Plasterers at the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 4 days, £0 6s 0d

Carrying deals to Longwood, 43 loads at 3d, £0 10s 9d

Carrying deals to Longwood, 48 loads at 6d, £1 4s 0d

Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, total, £58 6s 3d

Carried forward, £1,034 15s 0d

Interpretations

The new road up Ladder Hill was the costliest work of the quarter, at £154 4s 4d. Ladder Hill rose almost sheer from the western side of Jamestown, and the only way up had been a steep track. A properly graded road cut into the cliff face would let carts and guns climb from the town to the batteries and plantations on the heights. The large share spent on masons shows that much of it was built up on retaining walls of dressed stone rather than simply cut from the rock.

The Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood was going up at the same time, at £58 6s 3d in wages for the quarter. Longwood lay on the high windward plateau at the far side of the island from Jamestown. Every deal had to be carried there by hand or by beast along rough paths, which explains the separate charge for loads at 3d and 6d according to distance. Building a residence there gave the Lieutenant Governor a base on the open plain where the Company kept its cattle and plantations, as Plantation House did for the Governor on the other side of the island.

228

224

19th October

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 Septemr. 30 To Cash brought Over

£ 5534 . 4 . 7

£ 5534 . 4 . 7

Island

30 Sept.

Errors

(Signed)

William

William Wrangham closed the debit side of his account as paymaster on 30 September 1772 with the cash he had drawn from the chest.

Cash brought forward, £5,534 4s 7d

Total, £5,534 4s 7d

William Wrangham signed the account on the island on 30 September, reserving any errors it might contain.

229

225

1772

Paymaster Cr.

Brought Over

£ 1034 . 15

1772 Sept. 30 By Cash paid for the following Work in making a new

Landing Place viz.

193½ days Masons£ 14 . 9 . 10½

522 Do. Stoneblowers

39 . 4 . 6

75½ Do. Smiths

5 . 13 . 3

77½ Do. Overseers

5 . 16 . 7½

1720¾ Do. Labourers

86 . . 9

151 . 5

1186

Amount of the Pay Account

4348 . 4 . 7

£ 5534 . 4 . 7

St. Helena

1772

Excepted

Wrangham Paymaster

Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's

Cash for the Month of September last which is as follows. -

The paymaster's payments to 30 September 1772 closed with the wages for building the new landing place, and the account balanced against the cash he had drawn.

Brought forward, £1,034 15s 0d

Masons at the new landing place, 193½ days, £14 9s 10½d

Stone blowers at the new landing place, 522 days, £39 4s 6d

Smiths at the new landing place, 75½ days, £5 13s 3d

Overseers at the new landing place, 77½ days, £5 16s 7½d

Labourers at the new landing place, 1,720½ days, £86 0s 9d

New landing place, total, £151 5s 0d

Disbursements, total, £1,186 0s 0d

Pay list, total, £4,348 4s 7d

Total, £5,534 4s 7d

William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena in 1772, reserving any errors it might contain.

The Company's cash for September was then counted and examined, with the following result.

Interpretations

The paymaster's credit side closed at exactly the £5,534 4s 7d he had drawn from the chest. The £1,186 0s 0d spent on wages, purchases and bounties, added to the £4,348 4s 7d of the pay list, accounted for every shilling taken out. This was the test the Council applied before passing his account. A balance left over would have to be returned to the chest, while a shortfall would be charged to him personally.

The new landing place cost £151 5s 0d in wages for the quarter, the second largest work after the Ladder Hill road. Stone blowers were quarrymen who drilled holes in the rock, packed them with gunpowder and blasted out stone. Their 522 days show that much of the work lay in cutting back the cliff at the head of the landing to make room for the steps and sea wall. The stone they broke out was probably dressed and used in the work itself.

230

226

19th October

Cash Dr.

1772 September 1st To Balance Remaining

£ 13193 . 2 . 5

30 To Account Current London received of Charles Ross

Stewart in discharging his Bond

50

To Ship Godfrey

88 . 3 . 10

To James Powell for Stores Sold in the Quarter

ending this Day

2386 . 5

To Plantation for Provision Sold

17 . 7 . 8

To Licences

11 . 10

To Customs received on 389 Gallons Spirituous Liquors

4 . 17 . 3

To Rents

628 . 7

To Fortification for Lime Sold

2 . 2 . 9

£ 16381 . 15 . 11

Per Contra Cr.

1772 Sept. 30th By Sundry Accounts advanced the

Paymaster to pay Salarys &c. in the

Quarter ending this Day

5534 . 4 . 7

By Balance Remaining

In Specie£ 10307 . 16 . 4

In Cash Notes

539 . 15

10847 . 11 . 4

£ 16381 . 15 . 11

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The Company's cash account for September 1772 was set out as follows.

Receipts

Balance in hand on 1 September, £13,193 2s 5d

London account current, received from Charles Ross Stewart in discharge of his bond, 30 September, £50 0s 0d

Received from the Godfrey, 30 September, £88 3s 10d

James Pavell, for stores sold in the quarter ending 30 September, £2,386 5s 0d

Plantation, for provisions sold, £17 7s 8d

Licences, £11 10s 0d

Customs duty on 389 gallons of spirits, £4 17s 3d

Rents, £628 7s 0d

Fortifications, for lime sold, £2 2s 9d

Receipts, total, £16,381 15s 11d

Payments

Advanced to the paymaster for salaries and other charges in the quarter ending 30 September, £5,534 4s 7d

Balance in hand in coin, £10,307 16s 4d

Balance in hand in cash notes, £539 15s 0d

Balance in hand, total, £10,847 11s 4d

Payments and balance, total, £16,381 15s 11d

Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the account on 19 October 1772.

Interpretations

The cash account shows where the island's revenue came from and how little it covered. The largest receipt was £2,386 5s 0d from stores sold in the quarter, collected through the storekeeper, James Pavell, who had kept that office until his death on 29 August. Rents brought in £628 7s 0d, the same total as the rent roll of 30 September 1772. Licences, customs and small sales of provisions and lime added under £40 between them. Against this, a single quarter's pay and charges consumed £5,534 4s 7d. The island ran only by drawing down the large balance shipped out by the Company, which fell from £13,193 2s 5d to £10,847 11s 4d over the month.

The customs duty on spirits was charged at 3d a gallon, a low rate designed to raise a little revenue and record the trade rather than to deter it. Nearly all the balance in hand was held in coin, mainly Spanish dollars and other silver brought by the ships. The £539 15s 0d in cash notes was perhaps the Company's own promissory notes or bills in circulation on the island, used to stretch the supply of specie. Charles Ross Stewart's payment of £50 0s 0d discharged a bond he had given the Company. It was credited to the London account current because the original debt had been raised against the Company in England.

231

227

26th October

At a Consultation held on Monday the 26th day of October 1772 at

the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 19

October 1772. -

Friday the 23 Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Colebrooke for

England

The Storekeeper this day brought in his Account

of Waste upon Store Goods for the Year ending the 30 of September last; he

declaring the same to be real and unavoidable We Ordered it to be entered

which is as follows. -

Profit and Loss Dr. £ 78 . 14 . 10 lost by

Leakage, Wastage, Short weight and measure drawing by the Gallon &c.

Weighing by the pound &c. in the Year ending 30 September 1772. -

Nails lb 33½

16 . 3

Paint viz.

lb 2 Stone Oaker dry

11

1 Indico

1 . 2¾

5 W. Lead dry

1 . 5½

12 Do. Do. mixd.

4 . 6

6½ Verdegrease

1 . 8 . 9½

4 Stone Colour

2 . 2¾

4 Log Wood

9

2 Vermillion

11 . 1

3 Bott. Blacking

1 . 6

1 Copperas

11½

2 Blue Paint

4 . 7½

5 Blue Smalts

8 . 7¼

3 . 7 . 2

Carried Over

£ 4 . 3 . 5

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 26 October 1772. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its previous meeting of 19 October.

The Company's ship Colebrooke sailed for England on Friday 23 October.

The storekeeper presented his account of the loss on stores for the year ending 30 September 1772. He declared the losses genuine and unavoidable, and the Council ordered the account entered in the record. The sum of £78 14s 10d was written off to profit and loss for goods lost through leakage, wastage and short weight or measure, in drawing liquids by the gallon and weighing goods by the pound during the year.

Nails, 33½ lb, £0 16s 3d

Stone ochre, dry, 7 lb, £0 0s 11d

Indigo, 1 lb, £0 1s 2¾d

Dry white lead, 5 lb, £0 1s 5¾d

White lead mixed in oil, 12 lb, £0 4s 6d

Verdigris, 6½ lb, £1 8s 9½d

Stone colour, 4 lb, £0 2s 2¾d

Logwood, 4 lb, £0 0s 9d

Vermilion, 2 lb, £0 11s 1d

Blacking, 3 papers, £0 1s 6d

Copperas, 1 lb, £0 0s 10¼d

Blue paint, 2 lb, £0 4s 7½d

Blue smalt, 5 lb, £0 8s 7¼d

Paint, total, £3 7s 2d

Carried forward, £4 3s 5d

Interpretations

The storekeeper answered personally for every item in his charge. Any shortfall between his books and the goods actually in the warehouse would otherwise be charged to him. Writing losses off to profit and loss released him from that liability, but only once the Council had accepted his declaration that the waste was real and could not have been prevented. The Council accepted the declaration and entered the losses without inquiry. It relied on the storekeeper's word rather than ordering a survey of the warehouse, which shows how far the system rested on the integrity of the officer in post. The losses were small against a stock worth over £16,000. That was perhaps why Jonathan Doveton's account, prepared so soon after he took over from James Pavell, passed without question.

232

228

26th October

Brought Over

£ 4 . 3 . 5

Pease 4¾ Bushels

2 . 14 . 6

Pitch & Tar lb 82 Turpentine

7 . 1

Starch lb 27¼

14 . 9

Sope lb 326

8 . 6 . 8

Cordage lb 337¼

5 . 12 . 5

Earthen Ware viz.

3 Milk Pans

6 . 3

1 Close Stool Do.

1 . 9

2 Large Red Tea Pots

6

2 Small Cream Colour Do.

1 . 1

15 . 1

Glass Ware viz.

3 Beer Glasses

2 . 8½

2 Tumblers

1 . 1

9 Hour Glasses

3 . 11½

6 Sqrs. Glass 11¼ by 18

8 . 3

5 Do. 11¼ by 18½

6 . 10½

2 Do. 11 by 19

2 . 10

3 Do. 12 by 20

5 . 2½

1 Do. 11¼ by 17½

1 . 5½

2 Do. 8 by 10

1 . 1

1 Do. 10 by 16

1 . 1

1 . 14 . 6

Iron Ware 3 Sheets Cat Gut

5

Leather lb 103¼ Sole

6 . 11 . 7

Oil viz.

2½ Galls. Oil Turpentine

9 . 7½

3 Do. Train Oil

10 . 2½

14 Do. Linseed Do.

2 . 16 . 10¼

3 . 16 . 8

Sugar & Candy viz.

C. qr. lb 6 . 3 . 14 Sugar

9 . 4 . 2

5 . 2 . 8 Candy

10 . 8

19 . 12 . 2

Rice & Paddy viz.

C. qr. lb 14 . 2 . 24 Rice

6 . . 8

8 . 2 . 23 Paddy

1 . 17 . 11

7 . 18 . 7

Carried Over

£ 62 . 12 . 5

The account of goods written off as lost for the year ending 30 September 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £4 3s 5d

Pease, 4¾ bushels, £2 14s 6d

Turpentine, [...] lb, £0 7s 1d

Starch, 27¼ lb, £0 14s 9d

Soap, 326 lb, £8 6s 8d

Cordage, 337¼ lb, £5 12s 5d

Milk pans, 3, £0 6s 3d

Close-stool pan, 1, £0 1s 9d

Large red teapots, 2, £0 6s 0d

Small cream-coloured teapots, 2, £0 1s 1d

Earthenware, total, £0 15s 1d

Beer glasses, 3, £0 2s 8½d

Tumblers, 2, £0 1s 1d

Hand glasses, 9, £0 3s 11½d

Window glass, panes of 11½ by 18 inches, 6, £0 8s 3d

Window glass, panes of 11½ by 18½ inches, 5, £0 6s 10½d

Window glass, panes of 11 by 19 inches, 2, £0 2s 10d

Window glass, panes of 12 by 20 inches, 3, £0 5s 2¼d

Window glass, pane of 11½ by 17½ inches, 1, £0 1s 5½d

Window glass, panes of 8 by 10 inches, 2, £0 1s 1d

Window glass, pane of 10 by 16 inches, 1, £0 1s 1d

Glassware, total, £1 14s 6d

Catgut, 3 [...], £0 5s 0d

Sole leather, 103¼ lb, £6 11s 7d

Oil of turpentine, 2¾ gallons, £0 9s 7½d

Train oil, 3 gallons, £0 10s 2¼d

Linseed oil, 14 gallons, £2 16s 10¼d

Oil, total, £3 16s 8d

Sugar, 6 cwt 3 qr 14 lb, £9 4s 2d

Sugar candy, 5 cwt 2 qr 8 lb, £10 8s 0d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £19 12s 2d

Rice, 14 cwt 2 qr 24 lb, £6 0s 8d

Paddy, 8 cwt 2 qr 23 lb, £1 17s 11d

Rice and paddy, total, £7 18s 7d

Carried forward, £62 12s 5d

Interpretations

The heaviest losses fell on goods that lost weight naturally in storage. Sugar candy shrank by more than 5½ hundredweight against a stock of 48 hundredweight, a loss of over a tenth. Raw sugar lost almost 7 hundredweight. Unrefined sugar continued to drain molasses and absorb or give off moisture with the weather, so its weight on issue never matched its weight on receipt. Soap dried out and shrank in the same way, while cordage lost weight as its tar dried. These were the "unavoidable" losses the storekeeper claimed, and the Council could hardly have tested them, since the shrinkage was real and could only be measured against the original invoice weights.

The breakage of glass and earthenware was a different kind of loss, arising from handling rather than from the nature of the goods. Window panes and teapots broke in the warehouse and on the way up from the landing, and the Company accepted a small allowance for this as part of the cost of running a store at the end of a long sea passage. Hand glasses were bell-shaped glass covers placed over young plants in a garden to protect them from wind and cold.

233

229

1772

Brought Over

£ 62 . 12 . 5

Wheat lb 25

1 . 10

Candles C. qr. lb 1 . . 11

13 . 6 . 6

Pepper lb 11

5 . 6

China Ware viz.

1 Soop Dish

3 . 11

7 Round Soop Plates

3 . 6

7 Octagon Do.

3 . 6

1 Juglet

1 . 1

11 Bowls

8 . 3

2 Sneakers

1 . 8

2 Half Pint Cups & Saucers

1

2 Quarter Do. & Do.

7 . 7

1 Tea Pot

9

1 . 4 . 3

Coffee lb 14

11 . 8

Salt 4 Bushels

12 . 8

£ 78 . 14 . 10

St. Helena Errors Excepted

30 Sept. 1772 (Signed)

Jonathan Doveton

Storekeeper

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The account of goods written off as lost for the year ending 30 September 1772 closed with grain, candles, spices, china, coffee and salt.

Brought forward, £62 12s 5d

Wheat, 25 lb, £0 1s 10d

Candles, 1 cwt 0 qr 11 lb, £13 6s 6d

Pepper, 11 lb, £0 5s 6d

China soup dish, 1, £0 3s 11d

China round soup plates, 7, £0 3s 6d

China octagonal soup plates, 7, £0 3s 6d

China goglet, 1, £0 1s 1d

China bowls, 4, £0 8s 3d

China saucers, 2, £0 1s 8d

China half-pint cups and saucers, 2, £0 1s 0d

China quarter-pint cups and saucers, 2, £0 0s 7d

China teapot, 1, £0 0s 9d

China, total, £1 4s 3d

Coffee, 14 lb, £0 11s 8d

Salt, 4 bushels, £0 12s 8d

Total, £78 14s 10d

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 30 September 1772, reserving any errors it might contain. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett countersigned it.

Interpretations

Candles accounted for £13 6s 6d of the year's losses, the largest single item after sugar. Tallow candles softened, sweated and lost weight in the warmer months, and rats ate them in store, so a loss of more than a hundredweight from a stock of 33 was not surprising. The Council's countersignatures turned the storekeeper's declaration into a formal act of the government. That released Doveton from personal liability for the £78 14s 10d and passed the loss to the Company's books, where the Court in London would see it in the copy of the consultations sent home.

234

230

2d November

At a Consultation held on Monday the 2d day of November

1772 at the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated

the 26 October 1772.

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports

that the Honble. Company's General Books of Accounts are

Balanced to the 30 September last. We Ordered them to be Copied as

fast as possible. -

Thomas Towers Gunner having made a

Complaint this day to the Board that Lieutenant Gosling had

beat him in a very severe manner with a Cane when Officer upon

Duty in the Barracks and the said Towers Orderly at the same time

for not reporting to him two Men that he had Orders to look for

who were absent from Roll calling; upon examining into the merits

of the Complaint, it appeared to Us that Lieut. Gosling had beat

the Man with a Cane with a severity unbecoming the character

of an Officer who had the Martial Laws to apply to in case the

Complainant had done amiss. In Order to discountenance such

irregular conduct in Officers We suspended the said Lieut.

Gosling for a fortnight from the date hereof. -

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 2 November 1772. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 26 October.

Matthew Bazett reported that the Company's general account books were balanced to 30 September. The Council ordered them copied as quickly as possible.

Thomas Towers, a gunner, complained to the Council that Lieutenant Gurling had beaten him severely with a cane. Gurling was officer of the day in the barracks at the time, and Towers was on duty as orderly. The lieutenant had struck him for failing to report two men missing at roll call, whom Towers had been ordered to look for. The Council examined the complaint and found that Gurling had beaten the gunner with a severity unworthy of an officer. If Towers had been at fault, the lieutenant had military law at hand to deal with him. The Council suspended Gurling from duty for a fortnight from that day, to discourage such irregular conduct among officers.

Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The Council passed over the easy course of backing an officer against a man of the lowest rank. A gunner's word against a lieutenant's would ordinarily have counted for little, and caning a soldier for neglect was common enough in the period. The Council instead examined the complaint on its merits and found that Gurling had gone beyond what discipline allowed. The ground of the decision was precise: an officer who believed a soldier had failed in his duty was bound to bring him before a court martial under the Articles of War, not to punish him privately with his own hand. Suspension for a fortnight was a measured penalty. It marked the offence publicly without depriving the artillery of a trained officer for long, and it reminded the garrison's officers that punishment belonged to the military courts, not to individual temper.

The right of an ordinary soldier to bring a grievance directly to the Governor and Council was an important check in a small, isolated garrison. There was no higher authority closer than London, and a soldier who could not complain had no protection against an officer's abuse. The Council's readiness to hear Towers and act on his complaint helped keep the garrison's discipline within the law at a time when the enlarged force included many new recruits.

235

231

1772

At a Consultation held on Monday the 9th day of November 1772 at

the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 2

November 1772. -

Wednesday the 4th Died Sarah Wife of William Seale Inhabitant

Friday the 6 Do. Elizabeth Wife of Orlando Bagley Do. -

The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts for the

Month of October last, were this day laid before Us, which were examined,

approved, and are as follow. -

Artillery Stores Expended in October 1772.

Guns fired, Mortars, 32 Prs., 24 Prs., 18 Prs., 12 Prs., 9 Prs., 6 Prs., 4 Prs., 3 Prs., Powder Expended lb, Powder Expended oz

1 Departed the Godfrey: Guns fired 9, Mortars 0, 32 Prs. 0, 24 Prs. 0, 18 Prs. 0, 12 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 5, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8

12 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, Mortars 0, 32 Prs. 0, 24 Prs. 0, 18 Prs. 0, 12 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 14, Powder Expended oz 8

Arrived the Colebrooke: Guns fired 9, Mortars 0, 32 Prs. 0, 24 Prs. 0, 18 Prs. 0, 12 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 5, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8

Fired for Sir John Strachan's coming on shore: Guns fired 13, Mortars 0, 32 Prs. 0, 24 Prs. 0, 18 Prs. 0, 12 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 9, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 20, Powder Expended oz 0

24 Do. for Do. Do. going on board: Guns fired 13, Mortars 0, 32 Prs. 0, 24 Prs. 0, 18 Prs. 0, 12 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 9, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 20, Powder Expended oz 0

Departed the Colebrooke: Guns fired 9, Mortars 0, 32 Prs. 0, 24 Prs. 0, 18 Prs. 0, 12 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 5, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 13, Powder Expended oz 8

25 Fired to celebrate his Majestys accession to the Throne: Guns fired 81, Mortars 4, 32 Prs. 28, 24 Prs. 16, 18 Prs. 12, 12 Prs. 4, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 5, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 632, Powder Expended oz 0

Powder for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, Mortars 0, 32 Prs. 0, 24 Prs. 0, 18 Prs. 0, 12 Prs. 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb 135, Powder Expended oz 4

Total: Guns fired 140, Mortars 4, 32 Prs. 28, 24 Prs. 16, 18 Prs. 12, 12 Prs. 4, 9 Prs. 36, 6 Prs. 38, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb 862, Powder Expended oz 4

Lead Ball

lb 4

Junk for Wads

130

Tallow

24

Match

9

Sponge Heads

No. 2

Sheep Skins

No. 2

Sponge Nails

50

Handspikes

2

Paper

1 Quire

(signed)

James Tippet Captn. of

Artillery

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 9 November 1772. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 2 November.

Sarah, the wife of William Seale, an inhabitant, died on Wednesday 4 November. Elizabeth, the wife of Orlando Bagley, also an inhabitant, died on Friday 6 November.

The accounts of artillery stores and of the steward for October were laid before the Council, which examined and approved them.

The artillery stores used in October 1772 were as follows.

7 October, departure of the Godfrey: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

12 October, alarm: 6 guns fired, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

Arrival of the Colebrooke: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

Salute for Sir John Strachan on coming ashore: 13 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 9 six-pounders, 20 lb 0 oz of powder

24 October, salute for Sir John Strachan on going aboard: 13 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 9 six-pounders, 20 lb 0 oz of powder

Departure of the Colebrooke: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

25 October, salute for the anniversary of His Majesty's accession to the throne: 81 guns fired, 4 [...], 28 thirty-two-pounders, 16 twenty-four-pounders, 12 eighteen-pounders, 4 twelve-pounders, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 602 lb 0 oz of powder

Powder for various services, 135 lb 4 oz

Total: 140 guns fired, 4 [...], 28 thirty-two-pounders, 16 twenty-four-pounders, 12 eighteen-pounders, 4 twelve-pounders, 36 nine-pounders, 38 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 861 lb 4 oz of powder

Lead ball, 4 lb

Junk for wads, 130 lb

Tallow, 24 lb

Match, 9 lb

Sponge heads, 2

Sheepskins, 2

Trunk nails, 50

Handspikes, 2

Paper, 1 quire

James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery.

Interpretations

The salute of 81 guns on 25 October marked the anniversary of George III's accession to the throne in 1760, and it consumed over 600 lb of powder, about three quarters of the month's total. The island's heaviest pieces, the 32, 24 and 18-pounders on the sea batteries, were fired only on this occasion. Royal anniversaries were kept with great ceremony at every British station overseas. On a Company island the salute affirmed that the garrison held St Helena for the Crown as well as for the Company, and it gave the heavy guns their only regular use in peacetime. Sir John Strachan received 13 guns on landing and again on leaving, the salute due to a person of rank. He was probably a naval officer of baronet's standing passing through in the Colebrooke.

Junk was old, worn-out cable cut into lengths and teased apart to make the wads rammed down on top of the powder charge. Sheepskins covered the sponge heads used to swab out the bore between shots, and the tallow greased them. Match was slow-burning cord soaked in saltpetre, kept alight at each gun to fire the priming. Trunk nails had large round heads and were used to fix leather and sheepskin to the sponges and rammers.

236

232

[Small dark ink stain at the right of the lower half of the page.]

9th November

Sundry's Expended at the Honorable Company's Table

in October 1772. -

63 Bottles Madeira

£ 6 . 6

14 Do. Port

1 . 1

18 Do. Lisbon

1 . 7

11 Do. Mountain

16 . 6

36 Do. Beer

6 . 9

18½ Galls. Arrack

2 . 15 . 6

lb 103 Beef

1 . 5 . 9

193 Mutton

4 . . 5

5 Turkeys

1 . 5

12 Fowls

18

20 Butter

1 . 9

102 Candy

2 . 6

532 Flour

4 . 8 . 8

3 Lambs

1 . 10

1 Kid

5

11 Pigs

2 . 15

Bought for the Table

33 Fowls

2 . 9 . 6

9 Ducks

13 . 6

lb 150 Beef

3 . 2 . 6

£ 39 . 1 . 1

Ordered the following Advertisement

to be Published Viz. -

Island St. Helena

9 November 1772

Whereas the making of Brusses &c.

and

The account of provisions consumed at the Company's table in October 1772 was entered as follows.

Madeira, 63 bottles, £6 6s 0d

Port, 14 bottles, £1 1s 0d

Lisbon wine, 18 bottles, £1 7s 0d

Mountain wine, 11 bottles, £0 16s 6d

Beer, 36 pints, £0 6s 9d

Arrack, 18½ gallons, £2 15s 6d

Beef, 103 lb, £1 5s 9d

Mutton, 193 lb, £4 0s 5d

Turkeys, 5, £1 5s 0d

Fowls, 12, £0 18s 0d

Butter, 20 lb, £1 9s 0d

Sugar candy, 102 lb, £2 6s 0d

Flour, 532 lb, £4 8s 8d

Lambs, 3, £1 10s 0d

Kid, 1, £0 5s 0d

Pigs, 11, £2 15s 0d

Fowls bought for the table, 33, £2 9s 6d

Ducks bought for the table, 9, £0 13s 6d

Beef bought for the table, 150 lb, £3 2s 6d

Total, £39 1s 1d

The Council ordered a public notice to be published, dated at St Helena on 9 November 1772. The notice began by addressing the making of breaches.

Interpretations

The Company's table was the official hospitality of the island, paid for from public funds rather than the Governor's own purse. It entertained the Council, senior officers and the commanders and passengers of ships in the roads, such as Sir John Strachan during October. The wines show the trade routes that served the island. Madeira was taken on by every outward ship at Funchal and improved with the heat of the voyage. Lisbon was a white wine from Portugal, and Mountain was a sweet wine from the hills behind Málaga. Most of the meat, poultry and lamb came from the Company's own stock at Plantation and Longwood, with only the fowls, ducks and some beef bought in from the island's planters.

237

233

[Small dark ink stain at the left margin of the lower half of the page.]

1772

and firing of Rockets and Crackers may be attended with bad

consequences to the safety of the Houses in this Valley. This is therefore

strictly to forbid all Persons for the future making of any Bonfires or

letting off Rockets, Crackers or Squibs on any Rejoicing day or at any

other time under penalty of being imprisoned by the Constable, and

further dealt with as the nature of the Crime deserves. -

Per Order of Council

(signed)

B. Wright Secy.

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Monday the 16 day of November 1772

at the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 9 November

1772. -

Counted and examined the Honorable

Company's Cash for the Month of October last which is as follows. -

The Council's notice of 9 November 1772 warned that lighting bonfires and setting off rockets and crackers could endanger the houses in James's Valley. It therefore banned everyone from making bonfires or letting off rockets, crackers or squibs, whether on days of public celebration or at any other time. Anyone who broke the order faced imprisonment by the constable and whatever further punishment the offence deserved. Britannicus Wright issued the notice as secretary on the Council's order, and Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 16 November 1772. The Governor presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 9 November.

The Company's cash for October was then counted and examined, with the following result.

Interpretations

The ban followed directly on the celebrations of 25 October 1772, when the garrison fired 81 guns for the King's accession and the townspeople evidently marked the day with bonfires and fireworks of their own. Jamestown was squeezed into the narrow floor of James's Valley, with houses built close together and many roofed with thatch or shingles. The trade wind funnelled down the valley and could carry sparks from one roof to the next. The Council chose an outright prohibition over the more obvious course of licensing or confining fireworks to certain places, because it judged that any fire in the crowded valley put the whole town at risk. It made the constable responsible for enforcement, which placed the matter under civil rather than military authority even though many of the likely offenders were soldiers.

238

234

16th November

Cash Dr.

1772 Oct. 1st To Balance Remaining

£ 10847 . 11 . 4

19 To Exchange for two Sets of Bills drawn upon the

Honble. the Court of Directors payable as

follows Viz.

One Set to Miss Mary Bazett£ 50

One Do. to Capt. Arthur Morris

200

250

22 To Ship Colebrooke

62 . 18 . 6

£ 11160 . 9 . 10

Per Contra Cr.

1772 Oct. 31st By Balance Remaining viz.

In Specie£ 10620 . 14 . 10

In Cash Notes

539 . 15

11160 . 9 . 10

£ 11160 . 9 . 10

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The Company's cash account for October 1772 was set out as follows.

Receipts

Balance in hand on 1 October, £10,847 11s 4d

19 October, received in exchange for a set of bills on the Court of Directors in favour of Miss Mary Bazett, £50 0s 0d

19 October, received in exchange for a set of bills on the Court of Directors in favour of Captain Arthur Morris, £200 0s 0d

Bills of exchange, total, £250 0s 0d

Received from the Colebrooke, 22 October, £62 18s 6d

Receipts, total, £11,160 9s 10d

Payments

Balance in hand on 31 October in coin, £10,620 14s 10d

Balance in hand on 31 October in cash notes, £539 15s 0d

Balance in hand, total, £11,160 9s 10d

Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the account on 16 November 1772.

Interpretations

Bills of exchange gave the island's residents a safe way to send money to England. Mary Bazett and Captain Arthur Morris each paid cash into the Company's treasury at St Helena. In return the Council drew bills on the Court of Directors, which the Company's treasury in London would pay to the person named. This spared them the risk of shipping coin home, and it gave the Company hard cash on the island, where specie was always scarce, at no cost beyond its credit in London. Bills were normally made out in sets of two or three copies sent by different ships, so that one would arrive even if another was lost at sea. The first copy presented in London was paid and the others became void.

The month passed with no payments out of the chest, since the paymaster's quarterly advance had already been made at the end of September. The balance therefore rose by the amount of the bills and the money received from the Colebrooke.

239

235

23d November

At a Consultation held on Monday the 23 day of November 1772

at the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the

16 November 1772. -

We this day met as usual and no business offering

We adjourned. -

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Monday the 30th day of November

1772 at the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 23 November

1772. -

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 23 November 1772. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 16 November. No business came before the meeting, and the Council adjourned. The Governor, Corneille, Purling and Bazett signed the minutes.

The Council met again at the Castle on Monday 30 November 1772, with the same members present. It read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 23 November.

240

236

30th November

John Scott this day presented the following

Petition viz. -

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr.

Governor &c. Council of St. Helena

The humble Petition of John Scott

Sheweth

That your Petitioner hath nineteen and an

half Acres of Lease Land lying in the South Division of this

Island which he is desirous to sell by publick Auction humbly

Request your Worship and Council will permit him so to do. -

And your Petitioner will ever pray

30 November 1772

Granted

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

John Scott presented a petition to the Council at its meeting of 30 November 1772. He had 19½ acres of leasehold land in the South Division of the island and wished to sell it by public auction. He asked Governor Skottowe and the Council for permission to do so.

The Council granted the petition on 30 November 1772. The Governor, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the order.

Interpretations

A leaseholder at St Helena could not dispose of his land without the Council's leave. All land on the island belonged to the Company, which let it to planters on leases carrying a yearly rent and conditions on its use. The Council's consent was needed before any lease changed hands, so that the government knew who held each plot and could be sure the rent and obligations passed with it to the new holder. Sale by public auction was the usual method, since it set the price openly and in front of witnesses, which protected creditors and anyone else with a claim on the land. The Council granted Scott's request without conditions. That suggests he was in good standing with his rent and that nothing in the record of the land stood in the way of a transfer.

241

237

7th December

At a Consultation held on Monday the 7 day of December 1772 at

the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 30

November 1772.

Saturday the 5th Died John Lockhart Private

Sunday the 6th Do. Richard Kempton Do.

Ordered the following Advertisement to be

Published viz. -

Island St. Helena 7 December 1772

This is to give Notice to all the Inhabitants upon the

said Island that on Monday next in the forenoon will be sold at

Publick Auction in this Valley Sundry Damaged Goods belonging to the

Honorable Company for ready money. -

Per Order of Council

(signed)

B. Wright Secy.

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 7 December 1772. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 30 November.

John Lockhart, a private, died on Saturday 5 December. Richard Kempton, also a private, died on Sunday 6 December.

The Council ordered a public notice to be published, dated at St Helena on 7 December 1772. It informed all the island's inhabitants that a quantity of the Company's damaged goods would be sold by public auction in James's Valley on the morning of the following Monday. Buyers would have to pay in cash. Britannicus Wright issued the notice as secretary on the Council's order, and the Governor, Corneille, Purling and Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The auction recovered some value from goods too damaged to issue to the garrison or sell at the fixed rates in the warehouse. The Council insisted on payment in cash rather than allowing buyers to take goods on account, the usual practice when inhabitants drew from the Company's stores. Damaged goods sold cheaply at auction would otherwise have added to the debts owed to the Company by planters and soldiers, which were already hard to collect. Requiring ready money closed the sale on the spot and brought coin into the treasury at a time when the chest was being steadily drawn down. John Lockhart had served as a private in the Second Company and Richard Kempton in the Fourth, both on the pay list for the quarter ending 30 September 1772.

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238

14th December

At a Consultation held on Monday the 14 day of December 1772

at the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the

7 December 1772. -

Ordered the following Advertisement to

be Published viz. -

Island St. Helena 14 December 1772

This is to give Notice to all the Planters upon the said

Island that they are hereby required to send into the Secretary's Office

on or before the 28 instant an exact signed Account of their number of

Cattle each of them have for Slaughter for the Year 1773, which they

will be expected punctually to supply unless an accident should happen

to any of them, in that case they are to send a Return in writing within

three days after such accident to the Secretary's Office aforesaid in neglect

of which no excuse will be admitted but in failure thereof the Owner

obliged to furnish another Beast. Whereas the liberty hitherto allowed

for disposing of Bulls to the Ships has been made an abuse of, therefore

for the future no Planter will be permitted to sell more than one or two

Bulls during the course of the Year and the application for such

permission will be considered according to the circumstances of the Person

applying for the same. -

Notice is hereby further given that they are

likewise to transmit an account on or before the time abovementioned

of their number of Horses and to distinguish them by their several

denominations also of their respective Stocks of Sheep and Goats and what

Sheep they intend for Sale. -

Per Order of Council

(signed)

B. Wright Secy.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 14 December 1772. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 7 December.

The Council ordered a public notice to be published, dated at St Helena on 14 December 1772. It required every planter on the island to deliver to the secretary's office, by 2[...] December, an exact and signed return of the cattle he held for slaughter in 1773. Each planter would be held strictly to supplying the number he declared. If a beast met with an accident, the owner had to report it in writing to the secretary's office within three days. No excuse would be accepted for failing to do so, and an owner who neglected it would have to supply another beast in its place.

The notice also dealt with the sale of bulls to ships. Planters had abused the freedom they had enjoyed to sell bulls to ships in the roads. From then on no planter would be allowed to sell more than one or two bulls in a year, and each request would be judged on the circumstances of the person applying.

The planters were further required to return, by the same date, the number of horses they held, listed by kind. They were also to report their flocks of sheep and goats and state how many sheep they meant to sell. Britannicus Wright issued the notice as secretary on the Council's order.

Interpretations

The notice shows the Company managing the island's livestock as a public resource rather than leaving it to the market. Each planter's declared number of cattle became a binding quota of beef for the garrison and the Company's table in the coming year. The three-day rule for reporting accidents stopped planters from claiming a beast had died when it had in fact been sold elsewhere. An owner who failed to report a loss had to make it good from his own herd.

Selling bulls to the ships was more profitable than supplying the Company. Commanders paid well for fresh meat after months at sea, and they took the animals away for good. Unchecked sales threatened both the garrison's beef and the island's breeding stock. The Council stopped short of an outright ban, which would have angered the planters and cut off a valuable source of cash for them. It chose instead to cap sales at one or two bulls a year and to judge each request on the planter's circumstances. That kept the trade alive while placing it under the Council's control. The census of horses, sheep and goats completed the picture, giving the government a full count of the island's animals before the new year's demands were set.

243

239

1772

The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts

for the Month of November last, were this day laid before Us, which were

examined, approved of and are as follow. -

Artillery Stores Expended in November 1772

Powder for Sundry Services

lb 185

Lead Ball to Shoot Goats

2

Tallow for Boats &c.

10

Match

3

Bees Wax

1

Handspikes

No. 8

Tanned Sheep Skins for Smiths Aprons

4

Axletrees for the Governor

1

Paper for different uses

5 Quires

(signed)

James Tippet Capt. of Artillery

Sundry's Expended at the Honorable Company's Table in

November 1772

36 Bottles Madeira

£ 3 . 12

19 Do. Port

1 . 8 . 6

13 Do. Lisbon

19 . 6

12 Do. Mountain

18

41 Do. Beer

7 . 8¼

14½ Galls. Arrack

2 . 13 . 6

lb 24 Beef

6

176 Mutton

3 . 13 . 4

Carried Over

£ 13 . 18 . 6½

The accounts of artillery stores and of the steward for November 1772 were laid before the Council, which examined and approved them.

The artillery stores used in November 1772 were as follows.

Powder for various services, 135 lb

Lead ball for shooting goats, 2 lb

Tallow for the boats and other uses, 10 lb

Match, 3 lb

Beeswax, 1 lb

Handspikes, 8

Tanned sheepskins for smiths' aprons, 4

Axletree for the Governor, 1

Paper for various uses, 5 quires

James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery.

The provisions consumed at the Company's table in November 1772 began as follows.

Madeira, 36 bottles, £3 12s 0d

Port, 19 bottles, £1 8s 6d

Lisbon wine, 13 bottles, £0 19s 6d

Mountain wine, 12 bottles, £0 18s 0d

Beer, 41 bottles, £0 7s 2¾d

Arrack, 14½ gallons, £2 13s 6d

Beef, [...] lb, £0 6s 0d

Mutton, 176 lb, £3 13s 4d

Carried forward, £13 18s 6½d

Interpretations

The lead ball issued for shooting goats points to a standing effort to control the feral goats on the island. Goats had been landed by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century and had multiplied unchecked on the steep, uninhabited ground. They stripped young trees and undergrowth, and they were largely responsible for the loss of St Helena's native forest and the erosion that followed. The Company employed soldiers to shoot them, both to protect plantations and woodland and to add fresh meat to the garrison's supply. The small quantity of ball suggests this was a routine task rather than a large campaign. Handspikes were the stout wooden levers used to train and shift the guns on their carriages, and they wore out or broke regularly.

244

240

14th December

Brought Over

£ 13 . 18 . 6¼

lb 12 Butter

12

73 Candy

1 . 16 . 6

482 Flour

4 . . 4

1 Kid

5

1 Pig

5

Bought for the Table

lb 187 Beef

3 . 18 . 9

4 Turkeys

1

40 Fowls

3

5 Ducks

7 . 6

1 Pig

5

£ 29 . 8 . 7¼

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The provisions consumed at the Company's table in November 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £13 18s 6½d

Butter, 12 lb, £0 12s 0d

Sugar candy, 73 lb, £1 16s 6d

Flour, 482 lb, £4 0s 4d

Kid, 1, £0 5s 0d

Pig, 1, £0 5s 0d

Beef bought for the table, 187 lb, £3 18s 9d

Turkeys bought for the table, 4, £1 0s 0d

Fowls bought for the table, 40, £3 0s 0d

Ducks bought for the table, 5, £0 7s 6d

Pig bought for the table, 1, £0 5s 0d

Total, £29 8s 7½d

Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the accounts.

Interpretations

The table cost £29 8s 7½d in November against £39 1s 1d in October. The difference came mainly from wine and spirits, since fewer ships called and there was less official entertaining after the Colebrooke sailed on 23 October. October had also included the celebrations for the King's accession. More of the meat in November was bought from planters rather than drawn from the Company's own herds. Beef for the table was bought in at 187 lb against 150 lb the month before, which perhaps reflected the Company holding back its cattle while it took stock of the island's herds for 1773.

245

241

21st December

At a Consultation held on Monday the 21 day of December

1772 at the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed dated the 14

December 1772. -

This day Died Roderick Merchant Publican. -

Simon Whaley this day presented the following

Petition viz. -

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

&c. Council of St. Helena. -

The humble Petition of Simon Whaley

Sheweth

That your Petitioner hath a Lease for four

Acres of Land lying in the South Division of this Island, Expired, and

humbly request your Worship and Council will be pleased to Grant him

a Renewal of the same. -

And your Petitioner will ever pray

21 December 1772

Granted

John Hilliard Private this day Petitioned for

his Discharge from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company

his Contracted time. -

Granted

Counted and Examined the Honble. Company's Cash

for the Month of November last which is as follows. -

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 21 December 1772. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 14 December.

Roderick Merchant, a publican, died that day.

Simon Whaley presented a petition to the Governor and Council. His lease of four acres in the South Division of the island had expired, and he asked for it to be renewed. The Council granted the renewal on 21 December 1772.

John Hilliard, a private, petitioned for his discharge from the garrison, since he had served the full term of his contract with the Company. The Council granted it.

The Company's cash for November was then counted and examined, with the following result.

Interpretations

Simon Whaley was the carpenter's mate on the Company's pay list, paid £12 10s 0d a quarter. His four acres show a skilled employee holding land beside his wages, a common pattern on the island, where a small plot fed a household and the Company encouraged its servants to settle. Renewal of an expired lease was not automatic. The holder had to apply, and the Council could refuse or change the terms. Granting Whaley's petition at once suggests that he had kept the land in use and paid his rent.

John Hilliard's discharge was granted as a matter of right once his contracted term had run. The Company could offer a bounty of £10 0s 0d to a soldier who agreed to serve three years more, as it had done for eight men in the quarter ending 30 September 1772. It could not hold a man who chose to leave. Hilliard evidently declined the bounty, and the Council made no attempt to keep him.

246

242

[Scattered dark ink spots across the lower half of the page.]

21st December

Cash Dr.

1772 Novr. 1 To Balance Remaining

£ 11160 . 9 . 10

Per Contra Cr.

1772 Novr. 30 By Balance Remaining viz.

In Specie£ 10620 . 14 . 10

In Cash Notes

539 . 15

£ 11160 . 9 . 10

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The Company's cash account for November 1772 showed no movement during the month.

Receipts

Balance in hand on 1 November, £11,160 9s 10d

Payments

Balance in hand on 30 November in coin, £10,620 14s 10d

Balance in hand on 30 November in cash notes, £539 15s 0d

Balance in hand, total, £11,160 9s 10d

Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the account on 21 December 1772.

Interpretations

Nothing was paid into or out of the chest in November. The balance stood exactly where it had closed on 31 October. No ships called to buy bills or settle accounts, the stores' takings were held by the storekeeper until the quarter closed, and the paymaster's next advance was not due until the end of December. The idle month reflects the quiet season at St Helena between the departure of the homeward ships in October and the arrival of the next outward fleet.

247

243

4th January

At a Consultation held on Monday the 4 day of January 1773

at the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved and signed, dated the

21 December 1772. -

Thursday the 24 Decemr. Died Martha Beale Widow

Do. Do. Do. Do. Daughter of Thos. Yates Gunner

Monday the 28 Do. Do. Prisilla Watts Widow

We this day received the following Letter from

Captain Tippet. -

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

&c. Council. -

Gentlemen

I have the Honor to acquaint you

that the Workmen were employed during the Quarter last past in

prosecuting the Officers new Barracks and making a convenient

Landing Place in James's Valley which I have the agreable pleasure

to acquaint you are now complete. Add to this carrying onwards the new

Church and repairing the Water run at Lemon Valley. -

I intend with your permission Gentlemen this

Quarter carrying onwards with the greatest expedition the new Church.

I have the Honor to be

Gentlemen

St. Helena Your most Obedt. Servant

4 January 1773 (Signed)

James Tippet

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 4 January 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 21 December 1772.

Martha Beale, a widow, died on Thursday 24 December 1772. A daughter of Thomas Yates, a gunner, died the same day. Priscilla Watts, a widow, died on Monday 28 December.

The Council received a letter from Captain James Tippet, dated at St Helena on 4 January 1773. He reported that the workmen had been employed during the past quarter on the officers' new barracks and on building a serviceable landing place in James's Valley. Both works were now finished. The men had also carried forward the new church and repaired the watercourse in Lemon Valley. With the Council's permission, Tippet intended to press on with the new church as quickly as possible during the coming quarter.

Interpretations

Tippet's report marked the completion of the two largest public works of 1772. The officers' barracks had cost £120 0s 6d in wages in the quarter ending 30 September alone, and the landing place a further £151 5s 0d, besides the heavy issue of iron, lead, coal for the lime kilns and hand screws from the stores. With both finished, the labour force could be turned almost wholly to the new church, which until then had received only a few days' work in each quarter. Tippet asked the Council's permission rather than simply carrying on. As engineer he directed the works, but the Council decided which project should take priority and how much labour and material it should consume.

The watercourse in Lemon Valley fed the watering place on the leeward coast, where ships could fill their casks away from the crowded roads off Jamestown. Keeping it in repair mattered to the Company's shipping as much as the new landing place did.

248

244

4th January

We gave Captain Tippet Orders to prosecute

the new Church with all Expedition. -

George Seale Serjeant this day

Petitioned for his Discharge from the Garrison having

served the Honorable Company his Contracted time. -

Granted

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

At its meeting of 4 January 1773 the Council ordered Captain Tippet to press on with the new church as quickly as possible.

George Seale, a sergeant, petitioned for his discharge from the garrison, since he had served the full term of his contract with the Company. The Council granted it.

Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

George Seale had been one of the six sergeants of the First Company, paid £7 13s 0d a quarter. Losing an experienced non-commissioned officer was a greater blow to the garrison than losing a private. The Company would have to promote a corporal to fill his place, and train a private in turn to replace the corporal. The record shows no offer of a bounty to keep him, and the Council let him go as of right once his term had expired.

249

245

11th January

At a Consultation held on Monday the 11 day of January

1773 at the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed dated the 4

January 1773. -

Wednesday the 6 Died James Challis Private

The Plantation Account for the

Quarter, and the Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards

Account for the Month of December last were this day laid before

Us, which were Examined, approved of and are as follow. -

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 11 January 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 4 January.

James Challis, a private, died on Wednesday 6 January.

The Plantation account for the quarter, and the accounts of artillery stores and of the steward for December, were laid before the Council. The Council examined and approved them, and they were entered as follows.

250

246

11th January

Account of the Honble. Company's Stock of Neat Cattle &c. from the 1st October to the 31st Decr. 1772

Neat Cattle Bulls, Neat Cattle Cows, Neat Cattle Calves, Neat Cattle Yearlings, Neat Cattle Heifers, Neat Cattle Steers, Neat Cattle Oxen, Neat Cattle Total, Sheep Ewes, Sheep Weathers, Sheep Lambs, Sheep Rams, Sheep Total, Goats Ewes, Goats Weathers, Goats Kids, Goats Rams, Goats Total, Hogs Sows, Hogs Shoats, Hogs Pigs, Hogs Boars, Hogs Total, Horses Horses, Horses Mares, Horses Total, Poultry Fowls, Poultry Ducks, Poultry Turkeys, Poultry Geese

Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 9, Neat Cattle Cows 108, Neat Cattle Calves 53, Neat Cattle Yearlings 25, Neat Cattle Heifers 9, Neat Cattle Steers 30, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 250, Sheep Ewes 202, Sheep Weathers 28, Sheep Lambs 91, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 331, Goats Ewes 98, Goats Weathers 26, Goats Kids 27, Goats Rams 4, Goats Total 155, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 11, Hogs Pigs 16, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 32, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 7, Horses Total 13, Poultry Fowls 83, Poultry Ducks 5, Poultry Turkeys 43, Poultry Geese 4

Encreased: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 0, Neat Cattle Calves 0, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 0, Sheep Ewes 0, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 13, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 13, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 0, Goats Kids 29, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 29, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 7, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 7, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 1, Horses Total 1, Poultry Fowls 59, Poultry Ducks 26, Poultry Turkeys 35, Poultry Geese 0

Total: Neat Cattle Bulls 9, Neat Cattle Cows 108, Neat Cattle Calves 53, Neat Cattle Yearlings 25, Neat Cattle Heifers 9, Neat Cattle Steers 30, Neat Cattle Oxen 16, Neat Cattle Total 250, Sheep Ewes 202, Sheep Weathers 28, Sheep Lambs 104, Sheep Rams 10, Sheep Total 344, Goats Ewes 98, Goats Weathers 26, Goats Kids 56, Goats Rams 4, Goats Total 184, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 11, Hogs Pigs 23, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 39, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 8, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 142, Poultry Ducks 31, Poultry Turkeys 78, Poultry Geese 4

Killed: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 1, Neat Cattle Calves 1, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 4, Neat Cattle Steers 5, Neat Cattle Oxen 0, Neat Cattle Total 11, Sheep Ewes 32, Sheep Weathers 24, Sheep Lambs 3, Sheep Rams 1, Sheep Total 60, Goats Ewes 0, Goats Weathers 1, Goats Kids 7, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 8, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 3, Hogs Pigs 12, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 15, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 12, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 7, Poultry Geese 0

Dead: Neat Cattle Bulls 0, Neat Cattle Cows 1, Neat Cattle Calves 4, Neat Cattle Yearlings 0, Neat Cattle Heifers 0, Neat Cattle Steers 0, Neat Cattle Oxen 2, Neat Cattle Total 7, Sheep Ewes 6, Sheep Weathers 0, Sheep Lambs 11, Sheep Rams 0, Sheep Total 17, Goats Ewes 5, Goats Weathers 4, Goats Kids 6, Goats Rams 0, Goats Total 15, Hogs Sows 0, Hogs Shoats 0, Hogs Pigs 2, Hogs Boars 0, Hogs Total 2, Horses Horses 0, Horses Mares 0, Horses Total 0, Poultry Fowls 21, Poultry Ducks 0, Poultry Turkeys 14, Poultry Geese 0

Remaining: Neat Cattle Bulls 9, Neat Cattle Cows 106, Neat Cattle Calves 48, Neat Cattle Yearlings 25, Neat Cattle Heifers 5, Neat Cattle Steers 25, Neat Cattle Oxen 14, Neat Cattle Total 232, Sheep Ewes 164, Sheep Weathers 4, Sheep Lambs 90, Sheep Rams 9, Sheep Total 267, Goats Ewes 93, Goats Weathers 21, Goats Kids 43, Goats Rams 4, Goats Total 161, Hogs Sows 4, Hogs Shoats 8, Hogs Pigs 9, Hogs Boars 1, Hogs Total 22, Horses Horses 6, Horses Mares 8, Horses Total 14, Poultry Fowls 109, Poultry Ducks 31, Poultry Turkeys 57, Poultry Geese 4

Slaves Born 1 Girl named Peg Plato

1 Do. Do. Patt Standby

Slaves Deceased 1 Man named Johnny

Yam Expended for the Slaves

21330

Do. Do. for the Stock

15660

E. Excepted

(Signed)

Dan. Corneille

The account of the Company's livestock from 1 October to 31 December 1772 was entered as follows.

Cattle

Bulls: at start 9, increase 0, total 9, killed 0, died 0, remaining 9

Cows: at start 108, increase 0, total 108, killed 1, died 1, remaining 106

Calves: at start 53, increase 0, total 53, killed 1, died 4, remaining 48

Yearlings: at start 25, increase 0, total 25, killed 0, died 0, remaining 25

Heifers: at start 9, increase 0, total 9, killed 4, died 0, remaining 5

Steers: at start 30, increase 0, total 30, killed 5, died 0, remaining 25

Oxen: at start 16, increase 0, total 16, killed 0, died 2, remaining 14

Cattle, all: at start 250, increase 0, total 250, killed 11, died 7, remaining 232

Sheep

Ewes: at start 202, increase 0, total 202, killed 32, died 6, remaining 164

Wethers: at start 28, increase 0, total 28, killed 24, died 0, remaining 4

Lambs: at start 91, increase 13, total 104, killed 3, died 11, remaining 90

Rams: at start 10, increase 0, total 10, killed 1, died 0, remaining 9

Sheep, all: at start 331, increase 13, total 344, killed 60, died 17, remaining 267

Goats

Ewe goats: at start 98, increase 0, total 98, killed 0, died 5, remaining 93

Wether goats: at start 26, increase 0, total 26, killed 1, died 4, remaining 21

Kids: at start 27, increase 29, total 56, killed 7, died 6, remaining 43

Rams: at start 4, increase 0, total 4, killed 0, died 0, remaining 4

Goats, all: at start 155, increase 29, total 184, killed 8, died 15, remaining 161

Hogs

Sows: at start 4, increase 0, total 4, killed 0, died 0, remaining 4

Shoats: at start 11, increase 0, total 11, killed 3, died 0, remaining 8

Pigs: at start 16, increase 7, total 23, killed 12, died 2, remaining 9

Boars: at start 1, increase 0, total 1, killed 0, died 0, remaining 1

Hogs, all: at start 32, increase 7, total 39, killed 15, died 2, remaining 22

Horses

Horses: at start 6, increase 0, total 6, killed 0, died 0, remaining 6

Mares: at start 7, increase 1, total 8, killed 0, died 0, remaining 8

Horses, all: at start 13, increase 1, total 14, killed 0, died 0, remaining 14

Poultry

Fowls: at start 83, increase 59, total 142, killed 12, died 21, remaining 109

Ducks: at start 5, increase 26, total 31, killed 0, died 0, remaining 31

Turkeys: at start 43, increase 35, total 78, killed 7, died 14, remaining 57

Geese: at start 4, increase 0, total 4, killed 0, died 0, remaining 4

Two slave girls were born during the quarter, named Peg Plato and Patt Standby. One slave man named Johnny died.

Yams used for the slaves, 21,330 lb

Yams used for the livestock, 15,660 lb

Daniel Corneille signed the account, reserving any errors it might contain.

Interpretations

The flock of wethers fell from 28 to 4 in a single quarter, since 24 were killed. Castrated rams gave the best mutton and were bred for the table, so the Company had drawn almost its whole stock of them to feed the garrison, the hospital and its own table through the season of ships. The cattle herd was barely touched, with only 11 killed. This matches the Council's notice of 14 December, which required planters to declare the cattle they would supply in 1773, and shows the Company sparing its own breeding herd and looking to the planters for beef.

Yams were the staple food grown on the Company's plantations, and over 21,000 lb went to the slaves in the quarter, alongside the rice issued from the stores. Another 15,660 lb fed the livestock, particularly the hogs. The account set slave births and deaths beside the increase and loss of cattle and sheep, and the slaves were recorded by the same officer in the same document. That placement shows how the Company counted its slaves as part of the productive stock of its estate. The names given to the two children, a single personal name joined to a surname of the owner's choosing, followed the usual practice for slaves born on the Company's lands.

251

247

1773

Artillery Stores Expended in December 1772.

Powder for Sundry Services

lb oz 69 . 4

Tallow for Carts &c.

9

Lead Ball to Shoot Goats

1 . 10

Handspikes for the Church

No. 2

(Signed)

James Tippet Capt. of

Artillery

Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table in Decr. 1772

33 Bottles Madeira

£ 3 . 6

15 Do. Port

1 . 2 . 6

11 Do. Lisbon

16 . 6

15 Do. Mountain

1 . 2 . 6

37 Do. Beer

6 . 11¼

15¼ Galls. Arrack

2 . 6 . 3

lb 143½ Beef

2 . 16 . ¼

167 Mutton

3 . 9 . 7

3 Turkeys

15

92 Candy

2 . 9

546 Flour

4 . 11

3 Kids

15

Bought for the Table

lb 80 Beef

1 . 13 . 4

2 Turkeys

10

46 Fowls

3 . 9

2 Ducks

3

1 Goose

5

1 Pig

5

£ 30 . 1 . 8

John Skottowe

Dan. Corneille

M. Purling

M. Bazett

The artillery stores used in December 1772 were as follows.

Powder for various services, 69 lb 4 oz

Tallow for the carts and other uses, 9 lb

Lead ball for shooting goats, 1 lb 10 oz

Handspikes for the new church, 2

James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery.

The provisions consumed at the Company's table in December 1772 were as follows.

Madeira, 33 bottles, £3 6s 0d

Port, 15 bottles, £1 2s 6d

Lisbon wine, 11 bottles, £0 16s 6d

Mountain wine, 15 bottles, £1 2s 6d

Beer, 37 bottles, £0 6s 11½d

Arrack, 15¼ gallons, £2 6s 3d

Beef, 143½ lb, £2 16s 0¼d

Mutton, 167 lb, £3 9s 7d

Turkeys, 3, £0 15s 0d

Sugar candy, 92 lb, £2 9s 0d

Flour, 546 lb, £4 11s 0d

Kids, 3, £0 15s 0d

Beef bought for the table, 80 lb, £1 13s 4d

Turkeys bought for the table, 2, £0 10s 0d

Fowls bought for the table, 46, £3 9s 0d

Ducks bought for the table, 2, £0 3s 0d

Goose bought for the table, 1, £0 5s 0d

Pig bought for the table, 1, £0 5s 0d

Total, £30 1s 8d

Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the accounts.

Interpretations

The two handspikes issued for the new church show the artillery's stores being drawn on for building work, as Captain Tippet turned his men to the church after finishing the barracks and landing place. Handspikes were stout levers of ash, made to move gun carriages, but they served equally well for prising and shifting blocks of stone. The table cost £30 1s 8d in December, close to November's £29 8s 7½d, which confirms that the island remained in its quiet season with few ships to entertain.

252

248

18th January

At a Consultation held on Monday the 18 day of January

1773 at the Castle. -

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Purling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 11

January 1773. -

This day Died John Thistlewood Private

The Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections

and the Paymaster his Accounts for the Quarter commencing the

1 October and ending the 31 December last which were examined

and approved and are as follow Viz. -

Collection of Goods Sold and Delivered out of the

Honble. Company's Ware Houses from the 1 October to the 31

December 1772. viz.

Sold at 10 p Cent

Sugar & Candy viz.

C. qr. lb 73 . 2 . 2 Sugar

114 . 10 . 9

36 . . 5 Candy

75 . 13 . 10

190 . 4 . 7

Rice & Paddy viz.

C. qr. lb 86 . 1 . 10 Rice

35 . 12 . 3

47 . . 19 Paddy

11 . 2 . 1

46 . 14 . 4

Flour viz.

C. qr. lb 79 . 2 . 14 Flour

74 . 1 . 8

317 . . 14 Baked

538 . 13

612 . 14 . 8

Carried Over

£ 849 . 13 . 7

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 18 January 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 11 January.

John Thistlewood, a private, died that day.

The storekeeper presented his collections and the paymaster his accounts for the quarter from 1 October to 31 December 1772. The Council examined and approved them, and they were entered as follows.

The goods sold and delivered from the Company's warehouses between 1 October and 31 December 1772 were these, beginning with goods sold at an advance of 10% on cost.

Sugar, 75 cwt 2 qr 2 lb, £114 10s 9d

Sugar candy, 36 cwt 0 qr 5 lb, £75 13s 10d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £190 4s 7d

Rice, 86 cwt 1 qr 10 lb, £35 12s 3d

Paddy, 47 cwt 0 qr 19 lb, £11 2s 1d

Rice and paddy, total, £46 14s 4d

Flour, 79 cwt 0 qr 14 lb, £74 1s 8d

Flour baked into bread, 277 cwt 0 qr 14 lb, £538 13s 0d

Flour, total, £612 14s 8d

Carried forward, £849 13s 7d

Interpretations

The flour baked into bread was by far the largest item, at over 13 tons and £538 13s 0d. The garrison's bread was baked by Frederick Gallien at the Company's bakehouse and sold to the soldiers, whose pay was stopped for it, rather than issued free. Selling it at an advance of only 10% on cost was the rate the Court of Directors had fixed on 16 April 1772 for goods supplied to the island's own people. It kept bread cheap enough for a private on 10d a day while still covering freight and loss. The sugar and sugar candy sold in the quarter amounted to more than 5½ tons, drawn down from a stock that had stood at 94 hundredweight of sugar and 48 of candy on 30 September. That shows how much of the island's sugar went to the inhabitants rather than to the Company's own use.

253

249

1773

Brought Over

£ 849 . 13 . 7

Salt 26⅞ Bushels

4 . 14 . 1

Pepper lb 39

1 . 13 . 2

Candles C. qr. lb 2 . . 7

27 . 3 . 10

Tea viz.

lb 1078 Bohea

35 . 18 . 8

92 Singlo

5 . 16 . 3

10 Cattys Hyson

3 . 15

45 . 9 . 11

Lead viz.

qr. lb 3 . 13 Sheet Lead

1 . 2 . 3

1 . 3 Small Shot

6 . 5

1 . 8 . 8

Oil viz.

13½ Galls. Train Oil

2 . 11 . 1

36⅞ Do. Linseed

8 . 9 . 4

¼ Do. Oil Turpentine

4 . 11

11 . 5 . 4

Shalloon viz.

47½ Yards Scarlet

6 . 16 . 7

64 Do. Coloured

6 . 13 . 4

13 . 9 . 11

Pease 8 Bushels

3 . 15 . 8

Sope C. qr. lb 6 . 3 . 19

23 . 8 . 3

Starch qr. lb 2 . 14

2 . 3 . 9

Ticking viz.

4 Yards Ticking

3 . 15 . 2

136 Do. Checked Linnen

9 . 1 . 4

12 . 16 . 6

Leather viz.

lb 574 Sole Leather

28 . 18 . 7

2 Calf Skins

1 . 4 . 1

30 . 2 . 8

Wheat C. qr. 36 . 3

20 . 16 . 2

Thread viz.

lb 16¼ Coloured

2 . 13 . 6

1¼ White Brown

9 . 1

1 Ounce No. 30

2 . 5

3 . 5

Carried Over

£ 1051 . 6 . 6

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £849 13s 7d

Salt, 26¾ bushels, £4 14s 1d

Pepper, 39 lb, £1 13s 2d

Candles, 2 cwt 0 qr 7 lb, £27 3s 10d

Bohea tea, 1,078 lb, £35 18s 8d

Singlo tea, 92 lb, £5 16s 3d

Hyson tea, 10 catties, £3 15s 0d

Tea, total, £45 9s 11d

Sheet lead, 0 cwt 3 qr 13 lb, £1 2s 3d

Small shot, 0 cwt 1 qr 3 lb, £0 6s 5d

Lead, total, £1 8s 8d

Train oil, 13½ gallons, £2 11s 1d

Linseed oil, 36⅞ gallons, £8 9s 4d

Oil bought locally, ¾ gallon, £0 4s 11d

Oil, total, £11 5s 4d

Scarlet shalloon, 47½ yards, £6 16s 7d

Coloured shalloon, 64 yards, £6 13s 4d

Shalloon, total, £13 9s 11d

Pease, 8 bushels, £3 15s 8d

Soap, 6 cwt 3 qr 19 lb, £23 8s 3d

Starch, 0 cwt 2 qr 14 lb, £2 3s 9d

Ticking, 4 yards, £3 15s 2d

Checked linen, 136 yards, £9 1s 4d

Ticking and linen, total, £12 16s 6d

Sole leather, 574 lb, £28 18s 7d

Calfskins, 2, £1 4s 1d

Leather, total, £30 2s 8d

Wheat, 36 cwt 0 qr 3 lb, £20 16s 2d

Coloured thread, 16½ lb, £2 13s 6d

Whitened brown thread, 1¼ lb, £0 9s 1d

Nun's thread number 30, 1 [...], £0 2s 5d

Thread, total, £3 5s 0d

Carried forward, £1,051 6s 6d

Interpretations

The inhabitants bought more than half a ton of bohea tea in the quarter, at about 8d a pound with the Company's 10% advance. Tea had become an everyday drink on the island, as it was among ordinary households in England by this date. At St Helena it cost a fraction of the English price, because the Company landed it straight from the China ships without the heavy duties levied at home. Cheap tea was one of the few real advantages of life on the island, and it made the Company's warehouse the planters' only grocer for the commodity.

254

250

18th January

Brought Over

£ 1051 . 6 . 6

Copper Money 3420 half pence

7 . 2 . 6

Chelloes 17 Pieces

10 . 13 . 2

Twine viz.

37½ Skains Twine

1 . 4 . 8

6½ Cotton Wick

16 . 10

2 . 1 . 6

Pitch & Tar viz.

lb 38 Pitch

5 . 7

23 Gallns. Tar

1 . 1 . 1

104 Rozin

19 . 6

15 Turpentine

4 . 1

2 . 10 . 3

Shoes viz.

241 Pr. Mens Ordy. Shoes

60 . 10 . 1

3 Do. Do. Channel Pumps

19 . 10

5 Do. Do. Fine Do.

1 . 7 . 6

1 Do. Do. Do. Shoes

6 . 1

17 Do. Womens Calf Leather Shoes

2 . 7 . 9

1 Do. Do. Calimanco Do.

4 . 3

5 Do. Girls Do. Do.

16 . 8

3 Do. Do. Calf Leather Do.

10 . 11

1 Do. Boys Do.

3 . 8

67 . 8 . 7

Canvas viz.

41½ Yds. Eng. Canvas

2 . 6 . 8

99¼ Do. Osnabrigs

4 . 11 . 1

47 Do. Ticklenburgs

2 . 1 . 1

8 . 18 . 10

Nails viz.

lb 14¾ 2

13 . 1

62 3

2 . 11 . 8

142 4

4 . 14 . 8

133 6

4 . 12 . 5

24 10

12 . 6

23 20

10 . 1

18 40

7 . 6

1½ Glaz. Brads

2

14 . 3 . 11

Carried Over

£ 1164 . 5 . 3

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,051 6s 6d

Copper coin, 3,420 halfpence, £7 2s 6d

Chelloes, 17 pieces, £10 13s 2d

Twine, 37½ skeins, £1 4s 8d

Cotton wick, 6½ lb, £0 16s 10d

Twine and wick, total, £2 1s 6d

Pitch, 38 lb, £0 5s 7d

Tar, 23 gallons, £1 1s 1d

Rosin, 104 lb, £0 19s 6d

Turpentine, 15 lb, £0 4s 1d

Pitch and tar, total, £2 10s 3d

Men's ordinary shoes, 241 pairs, £60 10s 1d

Men's channel pumps, 3 pairs, £0 19s 10d

Men's fine pumps, 5 pairs, £1 7s 6d

Men's fine shoes, 1 pair, £0 6s 1d

Women's calf leather shoes, 17 pairs, £2 7s 9d

Women's calamanco shoes, 1 pair, £0 4s 3d

Girls' calamanco shoes, 5 pairs, £0 16s 8d

Girls' calf leather shoes, 3 pairs, £0 10s 11d

Boys' shoes, 1 pair, £0 3s 8d

Shoes, total, £67 8s 7d

English canvas, 41½ yards, £2 6s 8d

Osnaburg canvas, 99¼ yards, £4 11s 1d

Ticklenburg canvas, 47 yards, £2 1s 1d

Canvas, total, £8 18s 10d

Twopenny nails, 14¾ lb, £0 13s 1d

Threepenny nails, 62 lb, £2 11s 8d

Fourpenny nails, 142 lb, £4 14s 8d

Sixpenny nails, 153 lb, £4 12s 5d

Tenpenny nails, 24 lb, £0 12s 6d

Twentypenny nails, 23 lb, £0 10s 4d

Fortypenny nails, 18 lb, £0 7s 6d

Glazing brads, 1½ lb, £0 2s 0d

Nails, total, £14 3s 11d

Carried forward, £1,164 5s 3d

Interpretations

The 3,420 copper halfpence sold through the warehouse show the Company releasing small change into circulation at a premium. Buyers paid £7 2s 6d in silver or by account for coins with a face value of £7 2s 6d, and the coins were then entered among the goods sold at the usual 10% advance. Copper was treated as a commodity supplied to the island rather than simply as money, which reflects how scarce small change remained. The 241 pairs of men's ordinary shoes almost all went to the soldiers. Their shoes were charged against their pay, so most of this sum would be recovered by stoppages rather than paid in cash.

255

251

1773

Brought Over

£ 1164 . 5 . 3

Hooks & Lines viz.

300 No. 6

1 . 6 . 7

1000 8

3 . 4 . 2

350 9

11 . 1

75 10

1 . 5

325 11

5 . 8

325 12

5 . 5

625 13

6 . 6

1350 14

15 . 1

1300 16

10 . 6

Hooks

248 2

3 . 17 . 6

177 3

3 . 1 . 9

2 Log

2 . 1

10 Hambro

13

1 Knot Lash

1 . 6

1 Deep Sea

5 . 6

Lines

15 . 9 . 9

Shirts viz.

216 Soldiers Shirts

53 . 11

29¼ Yds. Brown Holland

2 . 19 . 9

2½ Ps. Irish Linnen

4 . 3 . 4

3 Do. Huckaback for Table Cloths

16 . 7

1½ Do. Do. for Napkins

2 . 14 . 6

6 Do. Russia Diaper

6 . 3

1 Do. Irish Do. for Napkins

2 . 10 . 8

82 . 12 . 6

Paint viz.

lb 3½ Blue Smalts

6 . 8

47½ Indico

4 . 11

1135 Whiting

2 . 7 . 4

2½ Prussian Blue

3 . 11

173 White Lead dry

2 . 17 . 8

92 Ven. Red mixd.

2 . 6

16 Red Lead

3 . 8

16½ Blue Paint

2 . 1 . 8

5½ Copperas

6

Paint Carried Over

£ 15 . 3 . 11

Carried Over

£ 1262 . 7 . 6

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,164 5s 3d

Fish hooks number 6, 500, £1 6s 7d

Fish hooks number 8, 1,000, £3 4s 2d

Fish hooks number 9, 350, £0 11s 1d

Fish hooks number 10, 75, £0 1s 5d

Fish hooks number 11, 325, £0 5s 8d

Fish hooks number 12, 325, £0 5s 5d

Fish hooks number 13, 625, £0 6s 6d

Fish hooks number 14, 1,850, £0 15s 1d

Fish hooks number 16, 1,200, £0 10s 6d

Fishing lines number 2, 248, £3 17s 6d

Fishing lines number 3, 177, £3 1s 9d

Log lines, 2, £0 2s 1d

Hamber lines, 10, £0 10s 0d

[...] line, 1, £0 1s 6d

Deep-sea line, 1, £0 5s 6d

Hooks and lines, total, £15 9s 9d

Soldiers' shirts, 216, £53 11s 0d

Brown holland, 29¼ yards, £2 19s 9d

Irish linen, 2½ pieces, £4 3s 4d

Huckaback for tablecloths, 3 pieces, £16 7s 0d

Huckaback for napkins, 1½ pieces, £2 14s 6d

Russia diaper, 6 yards, £0 6s 3d

Irish diaper for napkins, 1 piece, £2 10s 8d

Shirts and linen, total, £82 12s 6d

Blue smalt, 3½ lb, £0 6s 8d

Indigo, 47½ lb, £4 11s 0d

Whiting, 1,135 lb, £2 7s 4d

Prussian blue, 2½ oz, £0 3s 11d

Dry white lead, 173 lb, £2 17s 8d

Venetian red mixed in oil, 92 lb, £2 6s 0d

Red lead, 16 lb, £0 3s 8d

Blue paint, 16½ lb, £2 1s 8d

Copperas, 5½ lb, £0 0s 6d

Paint carried forward, £15 3s 11d

Carried forward, £1,262 7s 6d

Interpretations

Nearly 6,300 fish hooks and more than 400 lines were sold to the inhabitants in a single quarter. That confirms what the warehouse stock suggested on 30 September 1772: fishing was a large part of how the island fed itself, carried on by planters, soldiers and slaves from the rocks and from small boats. The 47½ lb of indigo sold to private buyers was more than a third of the warehouse stock. It was probably used to tint whitewash blue, which was believed to deter flies, and to blue linen in the wash, since few houses on the island could have used so much for paint alone.

256

252

18th January

Brought Over

£ 1262 . 7 . 6

Paint brought Over£ 15 . 3 . 11

3½ Verdigrease

1 . 7 . 7

23 Bott. Blacking

12 . 11

13½ Yell. Oaker mixd.

7 . 4

4½ Umber

10

8½ Ven. Red dry

1 . 10

5 Chalk

1 . 4

20 Stone Colour

12 . 1

½ Logwood

1

34 Yell. Oaker dry

7 . 9

18 . 15 . 8

Oars 10 Small

2 . 3 . 9

Buckram viz.

19½ Yds. White

1 . 4 . 1

¼ Do. Brown

3

1 . 4 . 4

Cutlery viz.

26 Shoe Knives

10 . 4

3 doz Stag horn hand. Knives & Forks

1 . 19 . 9

9 Fine Ivory Combs

1 . 7 . 3

7 Ordy. Do. Do.

8 . 9

24 Horn Do.

7

21 Buckling Do.

10 . 11

1 Pudding Knife

1 . 4

4 Butchers Do.

2 . 6

12 Pr. Leather Garters

9

1 Case Fleams

2 . 9

1 doz Green hand. Knives & Forks

2 . 3 . 6

1 Pruning Knife

1 . 4

8 . 4 . 6

Earthen Ware viz.

11 Milk Pans

16 . 11

3 Large Red Tea Pots

10

7 Small Do. Do.

12

2 Large White Do.

5 . 5

2 Small Do. Do.

1 . 10

2 . 6 . 2

Carried Over

£ 1295 . 1 . 11

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,262 7s 6d

Paint brought forward, £15 3s 11d

Verdigris, 3½ lb, £1 7s 7d

Blacking, 23 papers, £0 12s 11d

Yellow ochre mixed in oil, 13½ lb, £0 7s 4d

Umber, 4½ lb, £0 0s 10d

Venetian red, dry, 8½ lb, £0 1s 10d

Chalk, 5 lb, £0 1s 4d

Stone colour, 20 lb, £0 12s 1d

Logwood, ½ lb, £0 0s 1d

Yellow ochre, dry, 34 lb, £0 7s 9d

Paint, total, £18 15s 8d

Small oars, 10, £2 3s 9d

White buckram, 19¼ yards, £1 4s 1d

Brown buckram, ¼ yard, £0 0s 3d

Buckram, total, £1 4s 4d

Shoe knives, 26, £0 10s 4d

Stag-horn-handled knives and forks, 3 dozen, £1 19s 9d

Fine ivory combs, 9, £1 7s 3d

Ordinary ivory combs, 7, £0 8s 9d

Horn combs, 24, £0 7s 0d

Buckling combs, 21, £0 10s 11d

Budding knife, 1, £0 1s 4d

Butchers' knives, 4, £0 2s 6d

Leather garters, 12 pairs, £0 9s 0d

Cased fleam, 1, £0 2s 9d

Green-handled knives and forks, 1 dozen, £2 3s 6d

Pruning knife, 1, £0 1s 4d

Cutlery, total, £8 4s 6d

Milk pans, 11, £0 16s 11d

Large red teapots, 3, £0 10s 0d

Small red teapots, 7, £0 12s 0d

Large white teapots, 2, £0 5s 5d

Small white teapots, 2, £0 1s 10d

Earthenware, total, £2 6s 2d

Carried forward, £1,295 1s 11d

257

253

1773

Brought Over

£ 1295 . 1 . 11

China Ware viz.

116 Sneakers

1 . 9

29 Bowls

1 . 4 . 2

12 Round Soop Plates

7

11 Sallad Dishes

9 . 2

4 Tea Potts

3

17 Baking Dishes

1 . 1 . 3

72 Oct. Soop Plates

1 . 16 . 6

4 Juglets

4 . 10

7 Oct. Meat Dishes

16

4 Sets Oct. Dishes & Plates

4 . 8

36 Half Pint Cups & Saucers

1

1 Tureen & Dish

7 . 4

13 . 8 . 3

Pewter viz.

4 Basons

11 . 8

1 Quart Funnel

2 . 7

1 Cullender

9

1 Water Plate

5 . 6

1 . 8 . 9

Long Cloth viz.

3½ Ps. No. 1

17 . 7 . 8

1¼ Ps. 2

3 . 8 . 5

4 3

10 . 17 . 8

1 4

1 . 12 . 6

2 5

2 . 11 . 6

35 . 17 . 9

Iron Ware viz.

28 Scythe Stones

6 . 5

13 Chest Locks

2 . 3 . 7

11 Stock Do.

1 . 13 . 11

6 Iron rimd. Do. with Pullbacks

1 . 9 . 7

1 Cupboard Do.

3 . 1

2 Iron rimd. Do. with Brass Knobs

13 . 11

11 Splinter Do.

5 . 9

4 Pad Do.

6 . 10

Iron Ware Carried Over

£ 7 . 3 . 1

Carried Over

£ 1345 . 16 . 8

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,295 1s 11d

China saucers, 116, £1 9s 0d

China bowls, 29, £1 4s 2d

China round soup plates, 12, £0 7s 0d

China salad dishes, 11, £0 9s 2d

China teapots, 4, £0 3s 0d

China baking dishes, 17, £1 1s 3d

China octagonal soup plates, 72, £1 16s 6d

China goglets, 4, £0 4s 10d

China octagonal meat dishes, 7, £0 16s 0d

China octagonal dishes and plates, 4 sets, £4 8s 0d

China half-pint cups and saucers, 36, £1 0s 0d

China tureen and dish, 1, £0 7s 4d

China, total, £13 8s 3d

Pewter basins, 4, £0 11s 8d

Pewter quart funnel, 1, £0 2s 7d

Pewter colander, 1, £0 9s 0d

Pewter water plate, 1, £0 5s 6d

Pewter, total, £1 8s 9d

Long cloth number 1, 3½ pieces, £17 7s 8d

Long cloth number 2, 1¼ pieces, £3 8s 5d

Long cloth number 3, 4 pieces, £10 17s 8d

Long cloth number 4, 1 piece, £1 12s 6d

Long cloth number 5, 2 pieces, £2 11s 6d

Long cloth, total, £35 17s 9d

Scythe stones, 28, £0 6s 5d

Chest locks, 13, £2 3s 7d

Stock locks, 11, £1 13s 11d

Iron rim locks with pull-backs, 6, £1 9s 7d

Cupboard lock, 1, £0 3s 1d

Iron rim locks with brass knobs, 2, £0 13s 11d

[...] locks, 11, £0 5s 9d

Padlocks, 4, £0 6s 10d

Ironware carried forward, £7 3s 1d

Carried forward, £1,345 16s 8d

Interpretations

Chinese porcelain was within reach of ordinary households at St Helena. Saucers sold at about 3d each and soup plates at about 6d, prices that put it in competition with English earthenware rather than with the costly china of the London shops. The island received its porcelain straight from the Company's China ships, often as part of the cargo carried low in the hold to steady the vessel beneath the tea chests. The inhabitants bought more than 300 pieces in the quarter.

258

254

18th January

Brought Over

£ 1345 . 16 . 8

Iron Ware brought Over£ 7 . 3 . 1

1 Iron Rubbish Riddle

8 . 3

10 Pr. Sheep Sheers

16 . 8

17 Pr. Dovetail Hinges

11

9 Mouse Traps

5 . 8

6 Pr. Wool Cards

10 . 10

lb 1½ Tinned Tacks

3 . 4

13 Small Fryg. Pans

1 . 8 . 9

9 Pr. H L Hinges

1 . 8 . 8

1 Two feet Rule

1 . 1

2 Spades

8 . 3

1 Ragstone

5

1 Pr. Small Stilyards

6 . 5

5 Hand Hatchets

10

6 Blank Keys

4 . 2

1 lb Iron Wire

10

3 Spring Rat Traps

5 . 1

4 Sheets Emery Paper

6

1 Wood Ax

3 . 2

2 Large Box Irons

19 . 6

1 Small Do.

7 . 3

7 Wire Rat Traps

2 . 12 . 3

1 Ash Helve

8

1 Claw Hammer

1 . 8

2 Bricklayers Trowels

3 . 4

1 Plasterers Do.

1 . 11

2 Iron Shovels

9 . 10

1 Maul

10 . 9

2 Curry Combs & Brushes

3 . 10

1 Small Jack

3 . 1

1 Jack Chain

1 . 11

1 Set Jack Wheels

7 . 5

1 Jack Spit

6 . 4

2 Pr. Bellows

8

2 Spike Gimblets

10

1 Bench Vice

7 . 5

Iron Ware Carried Over

£ 25 . 1

Carried Over

£ 1345 . 16 . 8

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued with ironware.

Brought forward, £1,345 16s 8d

Ironware brought forward, £7 3s 1d

Iron rubbish riddle, 1, £0 8s 3d

Sheep shears, 10 pairs, £0 16s 8d

Dovetail hinges, 17 pairs, £0 11s 0d

Mousetraps, 9, £0 5s 8d

Wool cards, 6 pairs, £0 10s 10d

Tinned tacks, 1 lb, £0 3s 4d

Small frying pans, 13, £1 8s 9d

H hinges, 9 pairs, £1 8s 8d

Two-foot rule, 1, £0 1s 1d

Spades, 2, £0 8s 3d

Rag stone, 1, £0 0s 5d

Small steelyards, 1 pair, £0 6s 5d

Hand hatchets, 5, £0 10s 0d

Blank keys, 6, £0 4s 2d

Iron wire, 1 lb, £0 0s 10d

Spring rat traps, 3, £0 5s 1d

Emery paper, 4 sheets, £0 0s 6d

Wood axe, 1, £0 3s 2d

Large box irons, 2, £0 19s 6d

Small box iron, 1, £0 7s 3d

Wire rat traps, 7, £2 12s 3d

Ash helve, 1, £0 0s 8d

Claw hammer, 1, £0 1s 8d

Bricklayers' trowels, 2, £0 3s 4d

Plasterer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 11d

Iron shovels, 2, £0 9s 10d

Maul, 1, £0 10s 9d

Currycombs and brushes, 2, £0 3s 10d

Small jack, 1, £3 1s 0d

Jack chain, 1, £0 1s 11d

Jack wheels, 1 set, £0 7s 5d

Jack spit, 1, £0 6s 4d

Bellows, 2 pairs, £0 8s 0d

Spike gimlets, 2, £0 0s 10d

Bench vice, 1, £0 7s 5d

Ironware carried forward, £25 1s 0d

Carried forward, £1,345 16s 8d

Interpretations

The sale of ten pairs of sheep shears and six pairs of wool cards in a single quarter points to sheep-shearing and the home spinning of wool among the island's planters. The shearing fell in the southern spring and early summer, from October to December. Wire rat traps cost about 7s 6d each, far more than the spring traps at 1s 8d. Seven of them sold in the quarter, which shows how seriously householders took the damage rats did to their stored food.

259

255

1773

Brought Over

£ 1345 . 16 . 8

Iron Ware brought Over£ 25 . 1

3 Files

1 . 10

2 Half round Wood Rasps

1 . 4

4 File Hafts

5

1 Chaffing Dish

5 . 6

1 Socket Chizzel

1 . 7

25 . 10 . 9

Iron Pots 2 Iron Kettles

2 . 6

Haberdashery viz.

103 Sks. Silk

2 . 2 . 11

49 Do. Mohair

1 . 4 . 6

102¼ Yds. Broad Gold Lace

22 . 13 . 10

73¼ Do. Narrow Do.

10 . 9 . 1

12½ doz Gilt Coat Buttons

15 . 8

16½ Do. Do. Breast Do.

12 . 8

3½ Gro. Shirt Do.

9 . 4

8¼ Do. White Waistcoat Do.

1 . 1 . 11

1 doz Silver Wire Breast Do.

2 . 6

3½ Do. Plate Coat Do.

5 . 1

8½ Do. Do. Breast Do.

6 . 11

9 doz Gold Basket Coat Do.

1 . 19

13 Do. Do. Breast Do.

1 . 8 . 2

19½ Do. Mohair Coat Do.

13 . 5

31¼ Do. Do. Breast Do.

11 . 11

14 Pieces Tape

8 . 9

5 Pair Gold Garters

1 . 19 . 7

lb 3½ Whale Bone

1 . 3 . 1

½ Piece Galloone

2 . 10

48 . 14

Tin Ware viz.

3 Galln. Saucepans with Covers

5 . 11

3 Quart Do.

1 . 7

3 Double Sheet Tin

2 . 3

lb 10 Solder

10

2 Horn Lanthorns

9 . 1

1 . 8 . 10

Carried Over

£ 1423 . 16 . 3

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,345 16s 8d

Ironware brought forward, £25 0s 1d

Files, 3, £0 1s 10d

Half-round wood rasps, 2, £0 1s 4d

File handles, 4, £0 0s 5d

Chafing dish, 1, £0 5s 6d

Socket chisel, 1, £0 1s 7d

Ironware, total, £25 10s 9d

Iron pots and iron kettles, 2, £2 6s 0d

Skein silk, 10 [...], £2 2s 11d

Mohair, 49 [...], £1 4s 6d

Broad gold lace, 102¾ yards, £22 13s 10d

Narrow gold lace, 73¼ yards, £10 9s 1d

Gilt coat buttons, 12½ dozen, £0 15s 6d

Gilt breast buttons, 16½ dozen, £0 12s 8d

Shirt buttons, 3½ gross, £0 9s 4d

White waistcoat buttons, 8¾ gross, £1 1s 11d

Silver breast buttons, 1 dozen, £0 2s 6d

Plated coat buttons, 3½ dozen, £0 5s 1d

Plated breast buttons, 8½ dozen, £0 6s 11d

Gold basket coat buttons, 9 dozen, £1 19s 0d

Gold basket breast buttons, 13 dozen, £1 8s 2d

Mohair coat buttons, 19½ dozen, £0 13s 5d

Mohair breast buttons, 31¾ dozen, £0 11s 11d

Tape, 14 pieces, £0 8s 9d

Gold garters, 5 pairs, £1 19s 7d

Whalebone, 3½ lb, £1 3s 1d

Galloon, ½ piece, £0 2s 10d

Haberdashery, total, £48 14s 0d

Tin gallon saucepans with lids, 3, £0 5s 11d

Tin quart saucepans, 3, £0 1s 7d

Double sheets of tin, 3, £0 2s 3d

Solder, ½ lb, £0 0s 10d

Horn lanterns, 2, £0 9s 1d

Tinware, total, £1 0s 10d

Carried forward, £1,423 16s 3d

Interpretations

Gold lace made up more than two thirds of the haberdashery sold in the quarter, at over £33 for 176 yards. It went to the officers of the garrison, who bought their own lace for hats, coats and waistcoats to the regimental pattern, and to the wealthier inhabitants for their best clothes. Buying it from the Company at only 10% above cost was a real saving for them, since the same lace sold in London at a far higher retail markup and could not be had on the island anywhere else.

260

256

18th January

Brought Over

£ 1423 . 16 . 3

Hosiers Ware viz.

180 Pr. Mens Ordy. Thd. Stockings

27 . 15

1 Pr. Do. India Cotton Do.

7 . 11

4 Pr. Girls Do.

8 . 8

4 Pr. Boys Do.

8 . 8

6 Pr. Black Worsted Breeches

3 . 12 . 3

26 Pr. Madrass Stockings

10 . 17 . 9

1 Pr. Mens Black Worsted Do.

7 . 3

2 Pr. Do. Wove Do.

7 . 11

5 Pr. Do. Fine Thread Do.

1 . 19 . 7

1 Pr. Do. Black Silk Do.

18 . 2

47 . 3 . 2

Broad Cloth viz.

10⅞ Yds. Pompadore

11 . 10 . 8

4⅞ Do. Light Blue

4 . 16 . 7

6¼ Do. White

5 . 13 . 8

6⅞ Do. French Grey

6 . 12 . 4

14⅞ Do. Scarlet

16 . 5 . 6

7½ Do. Black

7 . 5

3 Do. Parsons Grey

2 . 19 . 5

4 Do. Dark Brown

3 . 17

16 Do. Black Cassimere

7 . 10

14½ Do. Scarlet Do.

7 . 9

73 . 19 . 2

Corks viz.

8 Gross Corks

19 . 10

3 Sheet Cork

1

1 . . 10

Glass Ware viz.

305 Sqrs. Glass 6 by 8

5 . 1 . 8

92 Do. 8 by 10

2 . 15 . 7

34 Do. 10 by 12

1 . 14 . 8

46 Wine Glasses

1 . 2 . 6

4 Pint Decanters

7 . 10

1 Tumbler

7

29 Water Glasses

1 . . 6

12 . 3 . 4

Carried Over

£ 1558 . 2 . 9

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,423 16s 3d

Men's ordinary thread stockings, 180 pairs, £27 15s 0d

Men's Indian cotton stockings, 1 pair, £0 7s 11d

Girls' Indian cotton stockings, 4 pairs, £0 8s 8d

Boys' Indian cotton stockings, 4 pairs, £0 8s 8d

Black worsted breeches, 6 pairs, £3 12s 3d

Madras stockings, 26 pairs, £10 17s 9d

Men's black worsted stockings, 1 pair, £0 7s 3d

Women's black worsted stockings, 2 pairs, £0 7s 11d

Men's fine thread stockings, 5 pairs, £1 19s 7d

Men's black silk stockings, 1 pair, £0 18s 2d

Hosiery, total, £47 3s 2d

Pompadour broadcloth, 10¾ yards, £11 10s 8d

Light blue broadcloth, 4⅞ yards, £4 16s 7d

White broadcloth, 6¼ yards, £5 13s 8d

French grey broadcloth, 6⅞ yards, £6 12s 4d

Scarlet broadcloth, 14⅞ yards, £16 5s 6d

Black broadcloth, 7½ yards, £7 5s 0d

Parson's grey broadcloth, 3 yards, £2 19s 5d

Dark brown broadcloth, 4 yards, £3 17s 0d

Black cassimere, 16 yards, £7 10s 0d

Scarlet cassimere, 14½ yards, £7 9s 0d

Broadcloth, total, £73 19s 2d

Bottle corks, 8 gross, £0 19s 10d

Sheet cork, 3 [...], £0 1s 0d

Corks, total, £1 0s 10d

Window glass, panes of 6 by 8 inches, 305, £5 1s 8d

Window glass, panes of 8 by 10 inches, 92, £2 15s 7d

Window glass, panes of 10 by 12 inches, 34, £1 14s 8d

Wine glasses, 46, £1 2s 6d

Pint decanters, 4, £0 7s 10d

Tumbler, 1, £0 0s 7d

Water glasses, 29, £1 0s 6d

Glassware, total, £12 3s 4d

Carried forward, £1,558 2s 9d

Interpretations

The inhabitants bought more than 400 panes of window glass in the quarter, almost all of the small and middle sizes. This points to private building and repair in Jamestown and on the country plantations, going on alongside the Company's own works at the barracks and Longwood. Parson's grey was a sober dark grey broadcloth favoured by clergymen and older gentlemen. The black silk and black worsted stockings and the black broadcloth were probably bought for mourning, which the deaths recorded through November and December would have required.

261

257

1773

Brought Over

£ 1558 . 2 . 9

Long Ells viz.

1½ Yds. Scarlet

4 . 8

28 Do. Blue

2 . 16

3 . . 8

Serge viz.

17¼ Yds. Scarlet Duffle

7 . 13 . 10

3½ Ps. Brown Fustian

7 . 10

1½ Ps. White Do.

4 . 8 . 9

9 Yards Scarlet Serge

2 . 17 . 4

2¼ Do. Blue Do.

10 . 4

23 . . 3

Braziers Ware viz.

1 Copper Saucepan of 1 Gallon

15 . 11

1 Pr. Candlesticks at 6/2

6 . 2

3 Pr. Do. 8/7

1 . 5 . 9

2 Three Quart Tea Kettles

1 . 6 . 6

1 Pr. Candlesticks Princes Metal

14 . 7

4 . 8 . 11

Turners Ware viz.

3 Butchers Trays

4 . 10

7 Shoe Brushes

5 . 10

3 Mops

4 . 3

9 Hair Brooms

1 . 7 . 9

4 Wood Bowls

5

6 Platters

8 . 9

5 Scrubg. Brushes

16 . 4

10 Paint Do.

5 . 8

1 Cloth Brush

2 . 2

1 Punch Ladle

7

3 Flaskets

9 . 3

1 Plaister Brush

1 . 2

1 Labrs. Basket

2 . 2

2 Small Plate Do.

13 . 8

5 . 7 . 5

Carried Over

£ 1594

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,558 2s 9d

Scarlet long ells, 1½ yards, £0 4s 8d

Blue long ells, 28 yards, £2 16s 0d

Long ells, total, £3 0s 8d

Scarlet duffle, 17¼ yards, £7 13s 10d

Brown [...], 2½ pieces, £7 10s 0d

White [...], 1½ pieces, £4 8s 9d

Scarlet serge, 9 yards, £2 17s 4d

Blue serge, 2¼ yards, £0 10s 4d

Serge, total, £25 0s 3d

Copper gallon saucepan, 1, £0 15s 11d

Candlesticks at 6s 2d a pair, 1 pair, £0 6s 2d

Candlesticks at 8s 4d a pair, 3 pairs, £1 5s 0d

Three-quart tea kettles, 2, £1 6s 6d

Prince's metal candlesticks, 1 pair, £0 14s 7d

Brass and copper ware, total, £4 8s 11d

Butchers' trays, 3, £0 4s 10d

Shoe brushes, 7, £0 5s 10d

Mops, 3, £0 4s 3d

Hair brooms, 9, £1 7s 9d

Wooden bowls, 4, £0 5s 0d

Platters, 6, £0 8s 9d

Scrubbing brushes, 5, £0 16s 4d

Paint brushes, 10, £0 5s 8d

Clothes brush, 1, £0 2s 2d

Punch ladle, 1, £0 0s 7d

Flaskets, 3, £0 9s 3d

Plasterer's brush, 1, £0 1s 2d

Labourer's basket, 1, £0 2s 2d

Small plate baskets, 2, £0 13s 8d

Turned ware, total, £5 7s 5d

Carried forward, £1,594 0s 0d

262

258

18th January

Brought Over

£ 1594

Saddlery viz.

4 Girths

10

6 Surcingles

19

9 Saddle Cloths

1 . 18 . 3

1 Snaffle Bridle

6 . 11

4 Half Curb Do.

1 . 19 . 4

1 Crupper

1 . 11

2 Pr. Stirrup Leathers

5 . 8

6 . 1 . 1

Bunting viz.

4 Yds. Blue

2 . 7

2½ Do. Red

2

4 . 7

Sailors Cloaths viz.

4 Pr. Boys Drawers

5 . 4

2 Pr. Do. Breeches

6 . 8

1 Do. Jacket

5 . 11

1 Do. Shirt

3 . 1

1 . 1

Deals viz.

4 Deals Bought

12 . 8

3 Wainscot Boards

1 . 1 . 10

8 Single Deals

17 . 8

2 . 12 . 2

Books 1 Common Prayer

5 . 6

Cordage C. qr. lb

15 . 4 . 6

Iron & Steel lb 4¼ Steel

1 . 7

Hats viz.

7 Mens fine Hats

6 . 15 . 11

2 Gold Laced Do.

4 . 7 . 4

11 . 3 . 3

Flannel 22⅞ Yards

2 . 16 . 11

Blankets 8

3 . 1 . 10

Beef & Pork viz.

3793 Ps. Beef

379 . 6

4542 Ps. Pork

454 . 4

833 . 10

Carried Over

£ 2470 . 2 . 5

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,594 0s 0d

Girths, 4, £0 10s 0d

Surcingles, 6, £0 19s 0d

Saddle cloths, 9, £1 18s 3d

Snaffle bridle, 1, £0 6s 11d

Half-curb bridles, 4, £1 19s 4d

Crupper, 1, £0 1s 11d

Stirrup leathers, 2 pairs, £0 5s 8d

Saddlery, total, £6 1s 1d

Blue bunting, 4 yards, £0 2s 7d

Red bunting, 2½ yards, £0 2s 0d

Bunting, total, £0 4s 7d

Boys' drawers, 4 pairs, £0 5s 4d

Boys' breeches, 2 pairs, £0 6s 8d

Boys' jacket, 1, £0 5s 11d

Boys' shirt, 1, £0 3s 1d

Sailors' clothing, total, £1 1s 0d

Deals bought locally, 4, £0 12s 8d

Wainscot boards, 3, £1 1s 10d

Single deals, 8, £0 17s 8d

Timber, total, £2 12s 2d

Book of Common Prayer, 1, £0 5s 6d

Cordage, [...], £15 4s 6d

Steel, 4¼ lb, £0 1s 7d

Men's fine hats, 7, £6 15s 11d

Gold-laced hats, 2, £4 7s 4d

Hats, total, £11 3s 3d

Flannel, 22½ yards, £2 16s 11d

Blankets, 9, £3 1s 10d

Beef, 3,793 pieces, £379 6s 0d

Pork, 4,542 pieces, £454 4s 0d

Beef and pork, total, £833 10s 0d

Carried forward, £2,470 2s 5d

Interpretations

Salt beef and pork were by far the largest sale of the quarter, at £833 10s 0d, more than a third of everything the warehouse sold. Every piece went at a flat 2s, whether beef or pork. Most went to the soldiers, who bought their meat from the Company out of their pay rather than receiving it free. The price was fixed and paid by stoppage from each man's wages, which recovered the cost of the island's largest import directly from the men who ate it. Over 8,300 pieces in a quarter came to roughly one piece every two days for each soldier in the garrison. That confirms salt meat as the core of the ordinary diet on the island. Wainscot was quarter-sawn oak from the Baltic, prized for panelling because it was straight-grained and did not warp.

263

259

1773

Brought Over

£ 2470 . 2 . 5

Camblet 1½ Yds. Blue

5 . 1

Arrack 15 Gallons

3 . 15

Kersey 2½ Yards

3 . 8

Coffee lb 9

8 . 3

Wine viz.

206 Galls. Madeira

70 . 7 . 8

223 Do. Vidonia

24 . 10 . 6

94 . 18 . 2

£ 2569 . 12 . 7

Sold at 40 p Cent from the 1st October to the 31st December 1772 viz.

Broad Cloth 1 Yard Scarlet

1 . 8 . 4

Shalloon 1 Yard Do.

3 . 8

Haberdashery viz.

1 Skain Silk

1

3 Skains Mohair

1 . 9

1 doz Mohr. Breast Buttons

4

2 . 10

Sugar lb 56

1 . 2 . 2

Pewter 1 Bason

3 . 8

Candles lb 7

1 . . 3

Earthen Ware viz.

1 Small Red Tea Pot

2 . 5

1 Large White Do.

3 . 6

1 Small Do. Do.

1 . 9

7 . 8

Paint lb 1 Blue Smalts

2 . 6

China Ware viz.

10 Sneakers

4 . 2

5 Bowls

5

2 Soop Dishes

16 . 8

1 . 5 . 10

Salt ½ Bushel

1 . 1

Carried Over

£ 5 . 18

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed with cloth, spirits and wine.

Brought forward, £2,470 2s 5d

Blue camlet, 1½ yards, £0 5s 1d

Arrack, 15 gallons, £3 15s 0d

Kersey, 2½ yards, £0 3s 8d

Coffee, 9 lb, £0 8s 3d

Madeira, 206 gallons, £70 7s 8d

Vidonia, 72 gallons, £24 10s 6d

Wine, total, £94 18s 2d

Goods sold at 10%, total, £2,569 12s 7d

The goods sold at an advance of 40% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 were the following.

Scarlet broadcloth, 1 yard, £1 8s 4d

Scarlet shalloon, 1 yard, £0 3s 8d

Skein silk, 1 skein, £0 0s 7d

Mohair, 3 skeins, £0 1s 9d

Mohair breast buttons, 1 dozen, £0 0s 6d

Haberdashery, total, £0 2s 10d

Sugar, 56 lb, £1 2s 2d

Pewter basin, 1, £0 3s 8d

Candles, [...] lb, £1 0s 3d

Small red teapot, 1, £0 2s 5d

Large white teapot, 1, £0 3s 6d

Small white teapot, 1, £0 1s 9d

Earthenware, total, £0 7s 8d

Blue smalt, 1 lb, £0 2s 6d

China saucers, 10, £0 4s 2d

China bowls, 5, £0 5s 0d

China soup dishes, 2, £0 16s 8d

China, total, £1 5s 10d

Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 1d

Carried forward, £5 18s 0d

Interpretations

The Company charged two rates on its warehouse sales, and the gap between them was deliberate. The island's settled inhabitants and the garrison paid only 10% above cost. Anyone else, such as passengers and ships' officers calling at the island, paid 40%. The higher rate captured a profit from strangers, who had no other place to buy and would carry the goods away. The lower rate kept living costs within reach of the people the Company needed to keep on the island. The sales at 40% in this quarter were tiny, a few pounds against more than £2,500 at 10%, because few ships called between October and December.

Vidonia was a dry white wine from Tenerife in the Canary Islands, cheaper than Madeira and often taken on by ships calling there on the outward passage.

264

260

18th January

Brought Over

£ 5 . 18

Blankets 4

1 . 15

Tin Ware 1 Quart Funnel

9

Turners Ware viz.

1 Punch Sieve

9

1 Hair Broom

4

1 Plastr. Brush

1 . 6

1 Punch Ladle

10

7 . 1

Cutlery viz.

1 Fine Ivory Comb

4 . 1

1 Buckling Do.

7

4 . 8

Nails lb 2 6

1 . 8

Shoes 1 Pr. Boys

4 . 7

Hosiers Ware viz.

1 Pair Black Worsted Breeches

15 . 5

2 Pr. Mens Wove Stockings

10

1 . 5 . 5

Serge ½ Piece Brown Fustian

1 . 5 . 6

Shirts 2 Yds. Brown Holland

6 . 8

Flannel 1½ Yards

4 . 10

Saddlery 1 Half Curb Bridle

12 . 7

Sailors Cloaths viz.

3 Pr. Boys Breeches

1 . . 7

5 Do. Shirts

13 . 1

4 Pr. Do. Drawers

7 . 5

3 Do. Jackets

1 . 2 . 1

3 . 3 . 3

£ 15 . 10

The goods sold from the Company's warehouses at an advance of 40% on cost between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £5 18s 0d

Blankets, 4, £1 15s 0d

Tin quart funnel, 1, £0 0s 9d

Punch sieve, 1, £0 0s 9d

Hair broom, 1, £0 4s 0d

Plasterer's brush, 1, £0 1s 6d

Punch ladle, 1, £0 0s 10d

Turned ware, total, £0 7s 1d

Fine ivory comb, 1, £0 4s 1d

Buckling comb, 1, £0 0s 7d

Cutlery, total, £0 4s 8d

Nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 8d

Boys' shoes, 1 pair, £0 4s 7d

Black worsted breeches, 1 pair, £0 15s 5d

Men's [...] stockings, 2 pairs, £0 10s 0d

Hosiery, total, £1 5s 5d

Brown fustian, ½ piece, £1 5s 6d

Brown holland, 2 yards, £0 6s 8d

Flannel, 1½ yards, £0 4s 10d

Half-curb bridle, 1, £0 12s 7d

Boys' breeches, 3 pairs, £1 0s 7d

Boys' shirts, 5, £0 13s 1d

Boys' drawers, 4 pairs, £0 7s 5d

Boys' jackets, 3, £1 2s 1d

Sailors' clothing, total, £3 3s 3d

Goods sold at 40%, total, £15 10s 0d

Interpretations

Fustian was a stout cloth of linen and cotton with a raised nap, hard-wearing and cheaper than woollen broadcloth. It was the standard material for working men's coats and breeches. The boys' slop clothing sold at the higher rate was probably bought by a ship's officer to clothe the ship's boys, who would otherwise have had nothing to wear on the long passage home.

265

261

1773

Sold to the Honble. Company's Ships from the 1st October to the

31 December 1772 viz.

Paint lb 3 Verdigrease

19 . 3

Canvas 1 Piece English

2 . 13 . 10

Nails viz.

lb 10 10

7 . 1

12 6

9 . 6

16 . 7

Beef 8 Tierces

55 . 9 . 4

£ 60 . 1

Damaged Goods Sold at Auction viz.

Blankets 18

3 . 9

Bunting viz.

2½ Yds. Red

15¼ Do. Blue

1½ Do. White

1 . 6

Broad Cloth viz.

2½ Yds. Scarlet

1 . 3 . 6

2 Do. Light Colour

12 . 6

1 . 16

Camblet 2 Yds. Dark Brown

2 . 3

Hats viz.

1 Mans Plain

5 . 6

1 Do. Gold Laced

14 . 6

1

Hosiers Ware 1 Pr. Mens Wove Stockings

1 . 8

Haberdashery viz.

4 doz Silr. Plate Coat Buttons

2½ Do. Do. Breast Do.

3 Do. Gilt Do. Do.

2 . 6

Pease 4 Bushels

4

Carried Over

£ 6 . 13 . 11

The goods sold to the Company's ships between 1 October and 31 December 1772 were the following.

Verdigris, 3 lb, £0 19s 3d

English canvas, 1 piece, £2 15s 10d

Tenpenny nails, 10 lb, £0 7s 1d

Sixpenny nails, 12 lb, £0 9s 6d

Nails, total, £0 16s 7d

Beef, 8 tierces, £55 9s 4d

Sales to ships, total, £60 1s 0d

The damaged goods sold by auction were these.

Blankets, 18, £3 9s 0d

Red bunting 2½ yards, blue bunting 15¼ yards and white bunting 1½ yards, together, £0 1s 6d

Scarlet broadcloth, 2½ yards, £1 3s 6d

Light-coloured broadcloth, 2 yards, £0 12s 6d

Broadcloth, total, £1 16s 0d

Dark brown camlet, 2 yards, £0 2s 3d

Man's plain hat, 1, £0 5s 6d

Gold-laced hat, 1, £0 14s 6d

Hats, total, £1 0s 0d

Men's [...] stockings, 1 pair, £0 1s 8d

Plated coat buttons 4 dozen, plated breast buttons 2½ dozen and gilt breast buttons 3 dozen, together, £0 2s 6d

Pease, 4 bushels, £0 4s 0d

Carried forward, £6 13s 11d

Interpretations

The auction ordered on 7 December 1772 cleared almost exactly the goods marked as damaged in the warehouse inventory of 30 September. The 18 damaged blankets, the damaged red and blue bunting, the 2½ yards of damaged scarlet broadcloth, the damaged camlet, hats and buttons, and the 4 bushels of damaged pease all appear in both lists. The Company had carried these goods in its books at full value. Selling them for what they would fetch, and for cash, turned dead stock into money and let the storekeeper close his account on them. The bunting, recorded as 19¼ yards in all, raised only 1s 6d, which shows how little damaged cloth was worth.

The 8 tierces of beef sold to the Company's own ships at £55 9s 4d came to nearly £7 a tierce. That was well above the £4 to £5 a tierce the warehouse had paid. The ships were charged at the higher rate because their victualling was a separate account of the Company's shipping, so the island recovered its full cost and freight on whatever it supplied to them.

266

262

18th January

Brought Over

£ 6 . 13 . 11

Soldiers Cloaths 6 Pr. Matrosses Breeches

1 . 2 . 6

Sailors Cloaths viz.

1 Mans Checked Shirt

1 Pr. Do. Drawers

1 Pr. Do. Breeches

3 . 7

£ 8

Charges General Dr. for the following

Stores Issued from the 1st October to the 31st December 1772 viz.

Arrack 42 Galls. Sundry's Doctors Shop

& Men empd. in the Stores

6 . 13 . 3

Twine 7 Skains Castle & Store use

4 . 1

Coals 181 Bushels Smiths Shop

11 . 13 . 9

Sope qr. 1 for Linnen

3 . . 8

Oil viz.

1 Galln. Linseed

4 . 3

24 Do. Train

4 . 1

Castle & Council

4 . 5 . 3

Lead lb 9 Sheet Govr. & Lt. Govr. Fishermen

1 . 11

Hooks & Lines viz.

225 No. 16 Hooks

25 8 Do.

150 12 Do.

48 2 Lines

6 3 Do.

4 Log Do.

1 Hambro

Do. & Do.

1 . 5 . 3

Cordage qr. lb 3 . 2 Crane Rope

1 . 8 . 8

Blankets 7 Castle use

2 . 3 . 9

Candy lb 62

1 . . 8

Tea lb 6 Bohea

3 . 8

Groom Gardener & Doctors Shop

Carried Over

£ 32 . 5 . 11

The damaged goods sold by auction closed with soldiers' and sailors' clothing.

Brought forward, £6 13s 11d

Matrosses' breeches, 6 pairs, £1 2s 6d

Man's checked shirt 1, drawers 1 pair and breeches 1 pair, together, £0 3s 7d

Damaged goods, total, £8 0s 0d

The stores charged to general expenses between 1 October and 31 December 1772 began as follows.

Arrack for the crews of various ships and the men working in the stores, 42 gallons, £6 13s 3d

Twine for the Castle and the stores, 7 skeins, £0 4s 1d

Coals for the smiths' shop, 181 bushels, £11 13s 9d

Soap for washing linen, [...], £3 0s 8d

Linseed oil for the Castle and the Council, 1 gallon, £0 4s 3d

Train oil for the Castle and the Council, 24 gallons, £4 1s 0d

Oil, total, £4 5s 3d

Sheet lead for the kitchens of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, 9 lb, £0 1s 11d

Fish hooks number 16 225, fish hooks number 8 25, fish hooks number 12 150, fishing lines number 2 48, fishing lines number 3 6, log lines 4 and hamber line 1, for the kitchens of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, together, £1 5s 3d

Crane rope, 0 cwt 3 qr 2 lb, £1 8s 8d

Blankets for the Castle, 7, £2 3s 9d

Sugar candy for the [...] and the doctor's shop, 62 lb, £1 0s 8d

Bohea tea for the [...] and the doctor's shop, 6 lb, £0 3s 8d

Carried forward, £32 5s 11d

Interpretations

The general charges were the running costs of government that belonged to no particular department. Lamp oil for the Castle and the Council chamber, blankets for the Castle guard and coal for the smiths' shop fell under this head. The Company also met from public stores the fishing tackle used to supply the kitchens of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, so that fish for their tables was caught at its expense. The sugar candy and tea sent to the doctor's shop were for the dispensary, where sweetened tea and candy were given to the sick and used to make medicines easier to swallow. The arrack served out to the crews of ships and the men working in the stores was the usual allowance of spirits for heavy labour in loading and unloading.

267

263

1773

Brought Over

£ 32 . 5 . 11

Ticking 6 Yards Castle

10

China Ware viz.

5 Sallad Dishes

3 . 9

1 Baking Do.

1 . 2

Do.

4 . 11

Iron Ware viz.

1 Coopers Jointer

12 . 10

3 Half round Wood Rasps

1 . 11

12 Sheets Emery Paper

1 . 3

72 Files

1 . 19

2 Smiths hand hammers

3 . 10

12 Leather Drill Strings

6 . 3

6 Rubber Files

1 . 15

1 Smiths Standg. Vice

1 . 15

1 Hand Do.

3 . 6

55 Rod Iron

11 . 6

2 Saw Sets

1 . 2

4 Joiners Rubstones

10 . 11

10 Pr. Steel Compasses

6 . 8

Coopers, Armourers & Carpenters Shops

7 Spring Rat Traps

10 . 8

1 Wire Do.

6 . 9

6 Mouse Do.

3 . 5

1 Chaffing Dish

5

1 Blank Key

8

1 Pr. Dovetail Hinges

7

Castle

1 Iron rimd. Lock S Bolted Store use

1 . 2 . 5

4 Pickaxes clearg. the Run

13 . 10

11 . 15 . 2

Candles viz.

lb 148 Castle

230 Council

30 Chaplain

25 Doctrs. Shop

C. qr. lb 3 . 3 . 13

46 . 2

Turners Ware viz.

6 Labrs. Baskets Brick Run

6

1 Shoe Brush

9

1 Buckle Do.

7

Castle

7 . 4

Carried Over

£ 91 . 5 . 6

The stores charged to general expenses between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £32 5s 11d

Ticking for the Castle, 6 yards, £0 10s 0d

China salad dishes for the Castle, 5, £0 3s 9d

China baking dish for the Castle, 1, £0 1s 2d

China, total, £0 4s 11d

Copper [...] for the workshops, 1, £0 12s 10d

Half-round wood rasps for the workshops, 3, £0 1s 11d

Emery paper for the workshops, 12 sheets, £0 1s 3d

Files for the workshops, 72, £1 19s 0d

Smiths' hand hammers for the workshops, 2, £0 3s 10d

Drill strings for the workshops, 12, £0 6s 3d

Rubber files for the workshops, 6, £1 15s 0d

Smith's standing vice for the workshops, 1, £1 13s 0d

Hand vice for the workshops, 1, £0 3s 6d

Rod iron for the workshops, 53 lb, £0 11s 6d

Saw sets for the workshops, 2, £0 1s 2d

Joiners' rubstones for the workshops, 4, £0 10s 11d

Steel compasses for the workshops, 10 pairs, £0 6s 8d

Spring rat traps for the Castle, 7, £0 10s 8d

Wire rat trap for the Castle, 1, £0 6s 9d

Mousetraps for the Castle, 6, £0 3s 5d

Chafing dish for the Castle, 1, £0 5s 0d

Blank key for the Castle, 1, £0 0s 8d

Dovetail hinges for the Castle, 1 pair, £0 0s 7d

Iron rim lock with S bits for the stores, 1, £1 2s 5d

Pickaxes for clearing the Run, 4, £0 13s 10d

Ironware, total, £11 15s 2d

Candles for the Castle 148 lb, the Council 230 lb, the chaplain 30 lb and the doctor's shop 25 lb, together 3 cwt 3 qr 13 lb, £46 0s 2d

Labourers' baskets for the Run, 6, £0 6s 0d

Shoe brush for the Castle, 1, £0 0s 9d

Bushel basket for the Castle, 1, £0 0s 7d

Turned ware, total, £0 7s 4d

Carried forward, £91 3s 6d

Interpretations

Candles were the largest general charge of the quarter, at £46 0s 2d. The Council chamber alone burned 230 lb, more than the whole Castle. That reflects the evening sittings and the long hours the secretary and writers spent copying the consultations and accounts for the ships to carry home. The chaplain received an allowance of candles as part of his provision. The Run was the stone-lined channel that carried the stream down through the middle of Jamestown to the sea. Keeping it clear of rubble and silt with pickaxes and baskets protected the town from flooding when heavy rain came down the valley.

268

264

18th January

Brought Over

£ 91 . 5 . 6

Canvas viz.

3 Yds. Osnabrigs Packets

2 . 6

6 Do. Eng. Canvas Castle

6

8 . 6

Paint viz.

lb 3 Blue Smalts

5 . 3

4 Indico

6 . 10

for Linnen

12 Whiting clean. Plate

6

30 Chalk Carptrs. & Coopers Shops

1 . 3

13 . 10

Cutlery viz.

3 Butchrs. Knives Castle

1 . 8

1 Stone Do. Do.

1 . 6

1 Shoe Do. Do.

4

2 doz Green hand. Knives & Forks Do.

3 . 19 . 2

4 . 2 . 8

Pitch & Tar viz.

lb 12 Pitch

1 . 6

4 Rozin

8

Castle

2 . 2

Nails viz.

lb 12 2

9 . 6

2 3

1 . 6

12 Coopers Rivets

6 . 6

Coopers Shop

17 . 6

Braziers Ware 1 Copper Boilg. Pot

of 10 Galls. Store use

2 . 14 . 3

Deals viz.

1 Coffer

3 . 4

2 Double Deals

6 . 10

Castle

10 . 2

Haberdashery viz.

6 Sks. Silk

2 . 6

4 Ps. Tape

2 . 2

Fishg. & Castle

4 . 8

£ 100 . 17 . 3

The stores charged to general expenses between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £91 3s 6d

Osnaburg canvas for satchels, 3 yards, £0 2s 6d

English canvas for the Castle, 6 yards, £0 6s 0d

Canvas, total, £0 8s 6d

Blue smalt for washing linen, 3 lb, £0 5s 3d

Indigo for washing linen, 4 lb, £0 6s 10d

Whiting for cleaning plate, 12 lb, £0 0s 6d

Chalk for the carpenters' and coopers' shops, 30 lb, £0 1s 3d

Paint, total, £0 13s 10d

Butchers' knives for the Castle, 2, £0 1s 8d

[...] knife for the Castle, 1, £0 1s 6d

Shoe knife for the Castle, 1, £0 0s 4d

Green-handled knives and forks, 2 dozen, £3 19s 2d

Cutlery, total, £4 2s 8d

Pitch for the Castle, 12 lb, £0 1s 6d

Rosin for the Castle, 4 lb, £0 0s 8d

Pitch and rosin, total, £0 2s 2d

Twopenny nails for the coopers' shop, 12 lb, £0 9s 6d

Threepenny nails for the coopers' shop, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d

Coopers' rivets for the coopers' shop, 12 lb, £0 6s 6d

Nails, total, £0 17s 6d

Copper boiling pot of 10 gallons, for [...] use, 1, £2 14s 3d

[...] for the Castle, 1, £0 3s 4d

[...] deals for the Castle, 2, £0 6s 10d

Timber, total, £0 10s 2d

Skein silk for the tailor and the Castle, 6 skeins, £0 2s 6d

Tape for the tailor and the Castle, 4 pieces, £0 2s 2d

Haberdashery, total, £0 4s 8d

General expenses, total, £100 17s 3d

Interpretations

The smalt and indigo charged for washing linen were laundry blues. A little was stirred into the final rinse to counter the yellow cast that linen took on with age and washing, so that tablecloths, napkins and shirts came out looking white. The whiting charged for cleaning plate was mixed with water or spirits into a paste for polishing the Castle's silver. Small as they were, these items show that the Governor's household and the public table were run at the Company's charge down to the cost of keeping the linen and plate in order.

269

265

1773

Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from

the 1st October to the 31 December 1772 viz.

Paint viz.

lb 40 White Lead dry

11 . 8

28 Ven. Red mixd.

12 . 3

90 Whiting

3 . 9

1½ Copperas

1 . 6

12 White Lead mixd.

4 . 6

1 Bott. Blacking

6

32 Stone Colour

17 . 4

Governors and Lieut. Govr. Houses

2 . 11 . 6

Oil 7 Gallons Linseed Do.

1 . 9 . 4

Glass Ware viz.

8 Sqrs. Glass 6 by 8

2 . 2

56 Do. 8 by 10

1 . 10 . 4

12 Do. 10 by 12

9 . 2

Do.

2 . 1 . 8

Lead lb 14 Sheet Do.

2 . 11

Lines viz.

1 Log

11

6 No. 3

1 . 8

Do.

2 . 7

Iron C. qr. 1 . 2 Plant. House

1 . 11 . 9

Pitch & Tar lb 8 Rozin Do.

1 . 4

Turners Ware 2 Paint Brushes

2

Deals viz.

1 Baulk

8 . 10

4 Double Deals

13 . 3

15 Single Do.

1 . 9 . 5

1 Deal bought

2 . 11

1½ Ps. Oak Plank

3 . 13 . 9

Lieut. Govr. House in the Long Wood

6 . 8 . 7

Iron Ware viz.

4 Blank Keys

2 . 6

1 Plastr. Trowel

1 . 9

6 Pr. H L Hinges

17 . 2

Govr. & Lt. Govr. Houses

Iron Ware Carried Over

£ 1 . 1 . 5

Carried Over

£ 14 . 11 . 8

The stores charged to repairs between 1 October and 31 December 1772 began as follows.

Dry white lead for the Governor's [...] and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 40 lb, £0 11s 8d

Venetian red mixed in oil for the same, 28 lb, £0 12s 3d

Whiting for the same, 90 lb, £0 3s 9d

Copperas for the same, 17½ lb, £0 1s 6d

White lead mixed in oil for the same, 12 lb, £0 4s 6d

Blacking for the same, 1 paper, £0 0s 6d

Stone colour for the same, 32 lb, £0 17s 4d

Paint, total, £2 11s 6d

Linseed oil for the same, 7 gallons, £1 9s 4d

Window glass for the same, panes of 6 by 8 inches, 8, £0 2s 2d

Window glass for the same, panes of 8 by 10 inches, 56, £1 10s 4d

Window glass for the same, panes of 10 by 12 inches, 12, £0 9s 2d

Glassware, total, £2 1s 8d

Sheet lead for the same, 14 lb, £0 2s 11d

Log line for the same, 1, £0 0s 11d

Lines number 3 for the same, 6, £0 1s 8d

Lines, total, £0 2s 7d

Iron for Plantation House, 1 cwt 2 qr 8 lb, £1 11s 9d

Rosin for the same, 8 lb, £0 1s 4d

Paint brushes, 2, £0 2s 0d

Baulk for the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 1, £0 8s 10d

Double deals for the same, 4, £0 13s 3d

Single deals for the same, 15, £1 9s 5d

Deal bought locally for the same, 1, £0 2s 11d

Oak plank for the same, 1½ pieces, £3 13s 9d

Timber, total, £6 8s 2d

Blank keys for the houses of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, 4, £0 2s 6d

Plasterer's trowel for the same, 1, £0 1s 9d

H hinges for the same, 6 pairs, £0 17s 2d

Ironware carried forward, £1 1s 5d

Carried forward, £14 11s 8d

270

266

18th January

Brought Over

£ 14 . 11 . 8

Iron Ware brought Over£ 1 . 1 . 5

1 Iron rimd. Lock B. Knobs

12 . 8

7 Pr. Dovetail Hinges

5 . 1

2 Brass Pins

2 . 2

1 Tinnd. Tacks

2

5 Stock Locks

13 . 10

10 Brass Rings

2 . 1

1 Cupboard Lock

2 . 10

9 Plate Iron

3 . 5

Govr. & Lieut. Govr. Houses

3 . 4 . 6

Nails viz.

lb 6 2

23 4

23 6

11 10

8 20

20 40

1 Dog

1½ Glaz. Brads

Do.

2 . 9 . 4

Cordage lb 15

5

Braziers Ware 1¼ Brass Wire Do.

3 . 9

Bunting 8 Yards Do.

4 . 8

£ 20 . 18 . 11

Diet Expences Dr. for the following

Stores Issued from the 1 October to the 31 December 1772 viz.

Flour C. qr. lb 15 . 3 . 12

15 . 14 . 8

Beef & Pork viz.

43 Ps. Beef

7 . 8 . 9

43 Ps. Pork

6 . 12 . 7

14 . 1 . 4

Arrack 86 Gallons

14 . 2 . 1

Salt 2 Bushels

6 . 4

Coffee lb 50

2 . 1 . 8

Carried Over

£ 46 . 7 . 1

The stores charged to repairs between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £14 11s 8d

Ironware brought forward, £1 1s 5d

Iron rim lock with brass knobs for the houses of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, 1, £0 12s 8d

Dovetail hinges for the same, 7 pairs, £0 5s 1d

Brass pins for the same, [...] lb, £0 2s 2d

Tinned tacks for the same, 1 lb, £0 2s 0d

Stock locks for the same, 5, £0 13s 10d

Brass rings for the same, 10, £0 2s 1d

Cupboard lock for the same, 1, £0 2s 10d

Plate iron for the same, 9 lb, £0 3s 5d

Ironware, total, £3 4s 6d

Twopenny nails 6 lb, fourpenny nails 23 lb, sixpenny nails 23 lb, tenpenny nails 11 lb, twentypenny nails 8 lb, fortypenny nails 20 lb, rag nails 1 lb and glazing brads 1½ lb, for the same, together, £2 9s 4d

Cordage, 15 lb, £0 5s 0d

Brass wire for the same, 1½ lb, £0 3s 9d

Bunting for the same, 8 yards, £0 4s 8d

Repairs, total, £20 18s 11d

The stores charged to diet expenses between 1 October and 31 December 1772 began as follows.

Flour, 13 cwt 3 qr 12 lb, £13 14s 8d

Beef, 43 pieces, £7 8s 9d

Pork, 43 pieces, £6 12s 7d

Beef and pork, total, £14 1s 4d

Arrack, 86 gallons, £14 3s 1d

Salt, 2 bushels, £0 6s 4d

Coffee, 50 lb, £2 1s 8d

Carried forward, £46 7s 1d

Interpretations

Diet expenses covered the supplies drawn from the warehouse for the Company's common table and the households of officers entitled to be fed at public charge. This was a separate head from the general table accounts laid before the Council each month, which recorded what was actually consumed. The 86 gallons of arrack in a single quarter was a large allowance. It was probably issued as punch to the officers' mess and to the Council's guests, since arrack punch was the standard drink of Company servants throughout the East.

271

267

1773

Brought Over

£ 46 . 7 . 1

Sugar & Candy viz.

lb 265 Sugar

3 . . 9

504 Candy

8 . 8

11 . 8 . 9

Tea viz.

lb 3 Bohea

1 . 10

4 Singlo

4 . 5

4 Cannisters Hyson

1 . 7 . 3

1 . 13 . 6

Rice C. qr. lb 2 . . 16

17 . 8

£ 60 . 7

Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1 October to the 31 December 1772 viz.

Oil viz.

15 Galls. Oil bought

4 . 10

27 Do. Train

4 . 12 . 2

60 Do. Linseed

12 . 11 . 3

Barracks & Guards

21 . 12 . 5

Tea lb 123 Bohea Do.

3 . 14 . 4

Candles lb 150 Officers on Guard

15 . 18 . 9

Arrack 28 Galls. Soldiers Mustering

4 . 12 . 2

Pork 376 Ps. deficient in Wt. to the Garrison

57 . 19 . 5

Iron Ware viz.

1 Maul

9 . 10

8 Ash Helves

4 . 8

2 Wood Axes

5 . 8

2 Spring Rat Traps

3 . 1

Out Guards

1 . 3 . 3

Tin Ware viz.

7 Lamps

6 . 2

1 Horn Lanthorn

4 . 2

Do.

10 . 4

Carried Over

£ 105 . 10 . 7

The stores charged to diet expenses between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £46 7s 1d

Sugar, 265 lb, £3 0s 9d

Sugar candy, 504 lb, £8 8s 0d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £11 8s 9d

Bohea tea, 3 lb, £0 1s 10d

Singlo tea, 4 lb, £0 4s 5d

Hyson tea, 4 canisters, £1 7s 3d

Tea, total, £1 13s 6d

Rice, 2 cwt 0 qr 16 lb, £0 17s 8d

Diet expenses, total, £60 7s 0d

The stores charged to the garrison between 1 October and 31 December 1772 began as follows.

Oil bought locally for the barracks and guards, 15 gallons, £4 10s 0d

Train oil for the barracks and guards, 27 gallons, £4 12s 2d

Linseed oil for the barracks and guards, 60 gallons, £12 11s 3d

Oil, total, £21 12s 5d

Bohea tea for the barracks and guards, 123 lb, £3 14s 4d

Candles for the officers on guard, 150 lb, £15 18s 9d

Arrack for the soldiers at muster, 28 gallons, £4 12s 2d

Pork made up to the garrison for short weight, 376 pieces, £57 19s 3d

Maul for the outlying guards, 1, £0 9s 10d

Ash helves for the outlying guards, 8, £0 4s 8d

Wood axes for the outlying guards, 2, £0 5s 8d

Spring rat traps for the outlying guards, 2, £0 3s 1d

Ironware, total, £1 3s 3d

Lamps for the outlying guards, 7, £0 6s 2d

Horn lantern for the outlying guards, 1, £0 4s 2d

Tinware, total, £0 10s 4d

Carried forward, £105 10s 7d

Interpretations

The garrison was again issued extra pork to make up for pieces that fell short of their stated weight, 376 pieces worth £57 19s 3d. The same shortfall had cost 373 pieces and £57 8s 6d in the quarter from July to September. Salt pork was packed in Ireland and England in casks of pieces meant to weigh a fixed amount each. The meat shrank in the brine during the long voyage, and the contractors often packed light to begin with. Because the soldiers paid for their meat by the piece out of their wages, the Company had to make good the shortfall in extra pieces at its own charge. The steady loss of almost £60 every quarter was evidence the Council could send home against the suppliers.

The arrack issued at muster was a dram given to each man when the companies paraded for inspection and pay. The 150 lb of candles for the officers on guard lit the guardrooms through the night at the Castle and the outlying posts.

272

268

18th January

Brought Over

£ 105 . 10 . 7

Soldiers Cloaths 3 Soldrs. Coats &

Breeches Recruits

4 . 8 . 2

Hats 3 Soldiers Do.

8 . 9

Shirts 3 Do. Do.

13 . 6

Hosiers Ware 3 Pr. Ordy. Thd. Stockgs. Do.

8 . 5

Shoes 3 Pr. Mens Ordy. Do.

13 . 9

Haberdashery 2 Cockades Do.

8

Blankets 3 Do.

18 . 9

Canvas 9 Yds. English for Cots

9

Glass ware 1 Hour Glass an Out Guard

8

Turners ware 1 Hair Broom Do.

2 . 10

Deals viz.

6 Single

11 . 9

2 Double

6 . 10

2 Deals bought

5 . 9

for Cots & Coffins

1 . 4 . 4

Nails viz.

lb 5 3

3 4

2 6

Do.

6 . 8

Twine lb Cotton Wick Main Guard

7

Lines viz.

1 Hambro

1 . 4

1 Whip Cord

3 . 10

for Whips

5 . 2

£ 115 . 11 . 10

Blacks Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st

October to the 31 December 1772 viz.

Rice C. 239

102 . 14 . 3

Beef & Pork viz.

1039 Ps. Beef

179 . 13 . 3

1683 Ps. Pork

259 . 9 . 3

439 . 2 . 6

Carried Over

£ 541 . 16 . 9

The stores charged to the garrison between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £105 10s 7d

Soldiers' coats and breeches for recruits, 3 sets, £4 8s 2d

Soldiers' hats for recruits, 3, £0 8s 9d

Shirts for recruits, 3, £0 13s 6d

Ordinary thread stockings for recruits, 3 pairs, £0 8s 5d

Men's ordinary shoes for recruits, 3 pairs, £0 13s 9d

Cockades for recruits, 2, £0 0s 8d

Blankets for recruits, 3, £0 18s 9d

English canvas for cots, 9 yards, £0 9s 0d

Hourglass for the outlying guard, 1, £0 0s 8d

Hair broom for the outlying guard, 1, £0 2s 10d

Single deals for cots and coffins, 6, £0 11s 9d

Double deals for cots and coffins, 2, £0 6s 10d

Deals bought locally for cots and coffins, 2, £0 5s 9d

Timber, total, £1 4s 4d

Threepenny nails 3 lb, fourpenny nails 3 lb and sixpenny nails 2 lb, for cots and coffins, together, £0 6s 8d

Cotton wick for the main guard, [...] lb, £0 0s 7d

Hamber line for whips, 1, £0 1s 4d

Whipcord for whips, 1, £0 3s 10d

Lines, total, £0 5s 2d

Garrison, total, £115 11s 10d

The stores charged to the Company's slaves, entered under the heading "Blacks", between 1 October and 31 December 1772 began as follows.

Rice, 239 cwt, £102 14s 3d

Beef, [...] pieces, £179 13s 3d

Pork, [...] pieces, £259 9s 3d

Beef and pork, total, £439 2s 6d

Carried forward, £541 16s 9d

Interpretations

The provisions charged to the slaves rose sharply against the previous quarter. Between July and September they drew 184 cwt of rice worth £76 2s 5d and salt meat worth £274 3s 1d. Between October and December they drew 239 cwt of rice worth £102 14s 3d and salt meat worth £439 2s 6d. The increase coincided with the heaviest building of the year: the landing place, the officers' barracks, the Ladder Hill road and the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood were all being pushed to completion before Captain Tippet reported them finished on 4 January 1773. The Company probably raised the rations of slaves engaged on this heavy labour, and perhaps hired in slaves from private owners who had to be fed at the Company's charge while they worked.

The hamber line and whipcord charged to the garrison for making whips were for the provost and the drummers, who carried out floggings ordered by courts martial. The deals and nails for cots and coffins show that the Company provided bedding for the living and burial for the dead from the same allowance.

273

269

1773

Brought Over

£ 541 . 16 . 9

Arrack 418 Gallons

18 . 15 . 11

Oil viz.

3 Galls. Train

10 . 2

2 Do. Linseed

8 . 5

1 Do. Oil Bought

6

1 . 4 . 7

Tea lb 278 Bohea

6 . 17 . 9

Sugar lb 395

2 . 10 . 7

Flour lb 42

7 -

Pepper lb 7

3 . 6

Salt 7/8 Bushel

2 . 5

Chelloes 10 Pieces

7 . 7 . 11

Blankets 182

56 . 17 . 6

Turners Ware viz.

1 Wood Bowl

1 . 1

12 Platters

15 . 6

16 . 7

Shalloon 2½ Yds. Scarlet Castle Servants

6 . 6

Serge 17½ Yards Do. Do.

8 . 8

Lines 1 Hambro

1 . 4

Buckram 1½ Yd. White Do.

7

Haberdashery viz.

3 Sk. Silk

1 . 3

2 Do. Mohair

10

1½ doz. Mohr. Coat Buttons

1

½ Grs. Shirt Do.

1 . 2

Do.

4 . 3

Shoes viz.

88 Pr. Mens Ordy. Shoes

20 . 1 . 6

38 Pr. Calf Leather Do.

4 . 18 . 2

24 . 19 . 8

Sope lb 10 Lieut. Govr. Servants

5 . 5

Hosiers Ware viz.

4 Pr. Mens Ordy. Thd. Stockings Do.

11 . 2

4 Pr. Do. Hose Do.

14 . 4

2 Pr. Girls Do.

3 . 11

Govr. and Lieut. Govr. Servants

1 . 9 . 5

Carried Over

£ 716 . 16 . 4

The stores charged to the Company's slaves between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £541 16s 9d

Arrack, 418 gallons, £68 15s 11d

Train oil, 3 gallons, £0 10s 2d

Linseed oil, 2 gallons, £0 8s 5d

Oil bought locally, 1 gallon, £0 6s 0d

Oil, total, £1 4s 7d

Bohea tea, 228 lb, £6 17s 9d

Sugar, 395 lb, £4 10s 7d

Flour, 42 lb, £0 7s 0d

Pepper, 7 lb, £0 3s 6d

Salt, ½ bushel, £0 2s 5d

Chelloes, 13 pieces, £7 7s 11d

Blankets, 182, £56 17s 6d

Wooden bowl, 1, £0 1s 1d

Platters, 12, £0 15s 6d

Turned ware, total, £0 16s 7d

Scarlet shalloon for the Castle servants, 2½ yards, £0 6s 6d

Serge for the Castle servants, 1½ yards, £0 8s 8d

Hamber line for the Castle servants, 1, £0 1s 4d

White buckram for the Castle servants, ½ yard, £0 0s 7d

Skein silk for the Castle servants, 3 skeins, £0 1s 3d

Mohair for the Castle servants, 2 skeins, £0 0s 10d

Mohair coat buttons for the Castle servants, 1½ dozen, £0 1s 0d

Shirt buttons for the Castle servants, ½ gross, £0 1s 2d

Haberdashery, total, £0 4s 3d

Men's ordinary shoes, 88 pairs, £20 1s 6d

Calf leather shoes, 38 pairs, £4 18s 2d

Shoes, total, £24 19s 8d

Soap for the Lieutenant Governor's servants, 10 lb, £0 5s 5d

Men's ordinary thread stockings for the servants of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, 4 pairs, £0 11s 2d

Women's stockings for the same, 4 pairs, £0 14s 4d

Girls' stockings for the same, 2 pairs, £0 3s 11d

Hosiery, total, £1 9s 5d

Carried forward, £716 16s 4d

Interpretations

The arrack issued to the slaves rose to 418 gallons in the quarter, against about 237 gallons between July and September. Like the increase in rice and salt meat, this matches the heavy push on the public works before they were finished at the turn of the year. The Company used the spirit ration as an incentive for hard labour. The 182 blankets and 126 pairs of shoes were a general issue, far beyond the handful of shoes and stockings given to slaves in the July quarter. Shoes were costly and rarely given to slaves on Atlantic plantations, so their issue here suggests that men working on stony ground at the landing place, the Ladder Hill road and the quarries were being kept fit to work.

The scarlet shalloon, serge, silk and buttons charged for the Castle servants were for the livery of the slaves who served in the Governor's household. Dressing them in scarlet coats marked them out as the Governor's own attendants and made a show of the household's standing before visitors from the ships.

274

270

18th January

Brought Over

£ 716 . 16 . 4

Long Cloth 2⅓ Ps. Ps. Castle

Sewg. & Dyeing in Warrent

2 . 14 . 8

Thread viz.

lb Whited Brown

1 . 8

1 Ounce Nuns No. 30

2 . 3

Castle Sewg.

3 . 11

Iron Ware viz.

10 Small frying Pans

1 . .

1 Stock Lock

2 . 10

1 . 2 . 10

£ 720 . 17 . 9

Mallays Dr. for the following Stores Issued from

the 1st October to the 31st December 1772 viz.

Rice C. 5

1 . 8 . 11

Beef 22 Pieces

3 . 16 . 1

Sugar & Candy viz.

lb 66 Sugar

15 . 7

15 Candy

5

1 . . 7

Arrack 15 Gallons

2 . 9 . 5

Flour lb 50

8 . 4

Pepper lb 2

1

Candles lb 20

2 . 2 . 6

Tea viz.

lb 6 Bohea

3 . 8

2 Single

2 . 3

5 . 11

Salt ½ Bushel

1 . 7

Coffee lb 2

1 . 8

Sope lb 6

3 . 3

Paint lb 1 Indigo

1 . 9

Carried Over

£ 12 . 1 . [...]

The stores charged to the Company's slaves between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £716 16s 4d

Long cloth number 5 for the Castle servants and women in childbed, 2⅓ pieces, £2 14s 8d

Whitened brown thread for the Castle servants, ½ lb, £0 1s 8d

Nun's thread number 30 for the Castle servants, 1 oz, £0 2s 3d

Thread, total, £0 3s 11d

Small frying pans, 10, £1 0s 0d

Stock lock, 1, £0 2s 10d

Ironware, total, £1 2s 10d

Slaves' account, total, £720 17s 9d

The stores charged to the account headed "Mallays" between 1 October and 31 December 1772 began as follows.

Rice, 3 cwt, £1 8s 11d

Beef, 22 pieces, £3 16s 1d

Sugar, 66 lb, £0 15s 7d

Sugar candy, 15 lb, £0 5s 0d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £1 0s 7d

Arrack, 15 gallons, £2 9s 5d

Flour, 50 lb, £0 8s 4d

Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 0d

Candles, 20 lb, £2 2s 6d

Bohea tea, 6 lb, £0 3s 8d

Singlo tea, 2 lb, £0 2s 3d

Tea, total, £0 5s 11d

Salt, ½ bushel, £0 1s 7d

Coffee, 2 lb, £0 1s 8d

Soap, 6 lb, £0 3s 3d

Indigo, 1 lb, £0 1s 9d

Carried forward, £12 1s [...]

Interpretations

The heading of this account, written here as "Mallays" in the plural, shows that the Company kept a small group of Malays on a footing separate from its other slaves. This fits the payment to Noquedah Pocolam and Marsingo for salt provisions and house rent in the paymaster's account for the July quarter. The men were supplied with coffee, tea, sugar, candles and flour on top of the rice and beef given to the general body of slaves. They were evidently treated as skilled boatmen or seamen and housed in their own quarters in Jamestown.

The long cloth issued for women in childbed was used for swaddling and bed linen when slave women gave birth. Two girls, Peg Plato and Patt Standby, were born on the Company's lands in the same quarter. The Company provided cloth for each lying-in as part of its interest in the survival of slave children, who would become its workforce.

275

271

1773

Brought Over

£ 12 . 1 . -

Hooks & Lines viz.

100 No. 6 Hooks

6

6 2 Lines

1 . 9

1 . 9

Haberdashery 2 Skains Silk

10

Shoes 2 Pr. Channel Pumps

12

£ 13 . 1 . 7

Plantation Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1st October to the 31st December 1772 viz.

Rice & Paddy viz.

C. q. lb

7 . 3 . 14 Rice

3 . 5

33 . 1 . 14 Paddy

11 . 15 . 4

Poultry House & Nurseries

15 . . 4

Wheat lb 33 Do.

12 . 2

Beef 16 Pieces Steward

2 . 15 . 4

Arrack 2 Gallons Hay Cutters

6 . 7

Cuttlery viz.

3 Pruning Knives

6 . 1

2 Budding Do.

2 . 5

2 Watchers Do.

1 . 2

Gardens

9 . 8

Cordage lb 2.13 Do.

1 . 3

Cart Wheels viz.

1 Axletree for a Cart

6 . 8

1 Pr. Cart Wheels

3 . 9 .

Carts

3 . 15 . 8

Twine 3 Skains for tying in Arbours

1 . 9

Pewter 1 Quart Funnel Dairy

2 . 4

Deals 1 Cuffee Fort Garden

3 . 4

Nails viz.

lb 1 4

7

1 6

7

Do.

1 . 2

Carried Over

£ 36 . 1 . 2

The stores charged to the account headed "Mallays" between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £12 1s 0d

Fish hooks number 6, 100, £0 6s 0d

Fishing lines number 2, 6, £0 1s 9d

Hooks and lines, total, £0 7s 9d

Skein silk, 2 skeins, £0 0s 10d

Channel pumps, 2 pairs, £0 12s 0d

Mallays account, total, £13 1s 7d

The stores charged to Plantation between 1 October and 31 December 1772 began as follows.

Rice for the poultry house and the [...], 7 cwt 3 qr 14 lb, £3 5s 0d

Paddy for the poultry house and the [...], 53 cwt 1 qr 14 lb, £11 15s 4d

Rice and paddy, total, £15 0s 4d

Wheat for the same, 33 cwt, £12 2s 0d

Beef for the steward, 16 pieces, £2 15s 4d

Arrack for the haymakers, 2 gallons, £0 6s 7d

Pruning knives for the gardens, 3, £0 6s 1d

Budding knives for the gardens, 2, £0 2s 5d

Butchers' knife for the gardens, 1, £0 1s 2d

Cutlery, total, £0 9s 8d

Cordage for the same, 0 cwt 2 qr 13 lb, £1 3s 0d

Axletree for a cart, 1, £0 6s 8d

Cart wheels, 1 pair, £3 9s 0d

Cart wheels and fittings, total, £3 15s 8d

Twine for tying up arbours, 3 skeins, £0 1s 9d

Pewter quart funnel for the dairy, 1, £0 2s 4d

[...] for the fruit garden, 1, £0 3s 4d

Fourpenny nails 1 lb and sixpenny nails 1 lb, for the same, £0 1s 2d

Carried forward, £36 1s 2d

Interpretations

The Malays were issued channel pumps and fishing tackle in the same quarter, alongside their provisions. The fishing tackle again points to their work as the Company's boatmen and fishermen. The Plantation account shows the grain bill for the estate's poultry and livestock rising with the addition of 33 hundredweight of wheat on top of the rice and paddy. The poultry stock at Plantation had grown by 59 fowls, 26 ducks and 35 turkeys during the quarter, and they were fed on imported grain rather than on anything the island grew.

276

272

18th January

Brought Over

£ 36 . 1 . 2

Turners Ware 2 Sakd. Basket Garden

2 -

Tar 2 Gallons for Carts

1 . 8

Oil viz.

1 Gall. Train

3 . 5

½ Do. Oil Bought

1 . 6

Stables

4 . 11

Canvas 8 Ells. Ozenbrigs

6 . 8

Lines 1 Hambro tying Hay

1 . 4

Leather viz.

2 Calf Skins

1 . 2 -

3 Sole Leather

3 -

Stables

1 . 5 .

Iron Ware viz.

18 Sythe Stones Gardens

5 . 9

6 Sheets Emery Paper Stables

5

3 Pr. Sheep Shears Sheep Mrs.

4 . 6

2 Fire Shovels

8 . 11

2 Mouse Traps

1 . 2

2 Rat Do. Do.

13 . 6

1 Garden Rake

2 . 4

1 Pr. Do. Shears

3 . 8

7 Spades

1 . 6 . 3

7 Pickaxes

1 . 4 . 3

6 Strong Rat Traps

9 . 2

1 Grubbing Hoe

2 . 11

2 Broad Do.

4 . 4

1 Ash Hoe

7

1 Spike Gimblet

5

Pastures

1 Claw Hammer

1 . 6

2 Bricklayers Trowels

3 -

2 Pad Locks

2 . 9

2 Hand Hatchets

3 . 8

Pastures

5 . 17 . 1

£ 43 . 19 . 10

The stores charged to Plantation between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £36 1s 2d

Labourers' baskets for the garden, 2, £0 2s 0d

Tar for the carts, 2 gallons, £0 1s 8d

Train oil for the stables, 1 gallon, £0 3s 5d

Oil bought locally for the stables, ¼ gallon, £0 1s 6d

Oil, total, £0 4s 11d

Osnaburg canvas, 5 yards, £0 6s 8d

Hamber line for tying hay, 1, £0 1s 4d

Calfskins for the stables, 2, £1 2s 0d

Sole leather for the stables, 3 lb, £0 3s 0d

Leather, total, £1 5s 0d

Scythe stones for the gardens, 18, £0 5s 9d

Emery paper for the stables, 6 sheets, £0 0s 5d

Sheep shears for shearing the sheep, 3 pairs, £0 4s 6d

Iron shovels for the gardens, 2, £0 8s 11d

Mousetraps for the gardens, 2, £0 1s 2d

Wire rat traps for the gardens, 2, £0 13s 6d

Garden rake, 1, £0 2s 4d

Garden shears, 1 pair, £0 3s 8d

Spades for the gardens, 7, £1 6s 3d

Pickaxes for the gardens, 7, £1 4s 3d

Spring rat traps for the gardens, 6, £0 9s 2d

Grubbing hoe for the gardens, 1, £0 2s 11d

Broad hoes for the gardens, 2, £0 4s 4d

Ash helve for the gardens, 1, £0 0s 7d

Spike gimlet for the gardens, 1, £0 0s 5d

Claw hammer for the pastures, 1, £0 1s 6d

Bricklayers' trowels for the pastures, 2, £0 3s 0d

Padlocks for the pastures, 2, £0 2s 9d

Hand hatchets for the pastures, 2, £0 3s 8d

Ironware, total, £5 17s 1d

Plantation, total, £43 19s 10d

Interpretations

The sheep shears issued to Plantation were for the spring shearing, which on St Helena fell between October and December. The livestock account for the same quarter shows the Company's flock standing at more than 300 sheep before shearing. Eight rat traps of both kinds went to the Plantation gardens in a single quarter. The steady issue of traps to the gardens, the Castle, the outlying guards and private buyers shows rats as a constant drain on the island's food, attacking seed, fruit and stored grain alike.

277

273

1773

Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from

the 1st October to the 31st December 1772 viz.

Sugar C. 4 . 2 . 19

5 . 18 . 3

Flour 4 . 2 -

4 . 4 -

Rice 4 . 2 -

1 . 17 . 2

Tea lb Bohea

1 . 3 . 7

Oil viz.

3½ Galls. Oil Bought

1 . 1

5 Do. Train

16 . 11

8 Do. Linseed

1 . 13 . 6

3 . 11 . 5

Salt 2 Bushels

6 . 4

Twine lb Cotton Wick

1 . 2

Turners Ware viz.

6 Wood Bowls

6 . 6

6 Platters

7 . 9

14 . 3

Canvas 3 Yds. Ozenbrigs

2 . 6

Iron Ware viz.

1 Hand Hatchet

1 . 10

1 Wood Axe

2 . 10

6 Ash Hoes

3 . 6

2 Wire Rat Traps

13 . 6

2 Mouse Do.

1 . 2

1 . 2 . 10

£ 19 . 1 . 6

Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1st October to the 31st December 1772 viz.

Nails viz.

lb 3 . 2

2 . 5

4 . 4

2 . 6

5 . 6

2 . 9

7 . 8

Deals 1 Double

3 . 5

Carried Over

£ 11 . 1

The stores charged to the hospital between 1 October and 31 December 1772 were the following.

Sugar, 4 cwt 2 qr 19 lb, £5 18s 3d

Flour, 4 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, £4 4s 0d

Rice, 4 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, £1 17s 2d

Bohea tea, [...] lb, £1 3s 7d

Oil bought locally, 3½ gallons, £1 1s 0d

Train oil, 5 gallons, £0 16s 11d

Linseed oil, 8 gallons, £1 13s 6d

Oil, total, £3 11s 5d

Salt, 2 bushels, £0 6s 4d

Cotton wick, [...] lb, £0 1s 2d

Wooden bowls, 6, £0 6s 6d

Platters, 6, £0 7s 9d

Turned ware, total, £0 14s 3d

Osnaburg canvas, 3 yards, £0 2s 6d

Hand hatchet, 1, £0 1s 10d

Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 10d

Ash helves, 6, £0 3s 6d

Wire rat traps, 2, £0 13s 6d

Mousetraps, 2, £0 1s 2d

Ironware, total, £1 2s 10d

Hospital, total, £19 1s 6d

The stores charged to the boats between 1 October and 31 December 1772 began as follows.

Twopenny nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 5d

Fourpenny nails, 4 lb, £0 2s 6d

Sixpenny nails, 5 lb, £0 2s 9d

Nails, total, £0 7s 8d

Double deal, 1, £0 3s 5d

Carried forward, £0 11s 1d

Interpretations

The hospital's food more than doubled against the previous quarter. Between July and September it drew sugar worth £2 12s 9d, flour worth £1 15s 2d and rice worth 15s 8d. Between October and December it drew sugar worth £5 18s 3d, flour worth £4 4s 0d and rice worth £1 17s 2d. The rise points to a heavier load of sick men on the wards. It came in the months of hardest labour on the public works and after the arrival of new recruits, who were often weakened by scurvy and fever after the voyage. The deaths of several soldiers through November, December and early January bear this out. The hospital's diet of sugar, flour and rice, with no salt meat, was the light fare thought proper for the sick.

278

274

18th January

Brought Over

£ 11 . 1

Canvas 1 Bt. English

1 . 18 . 6

Twine 3 Skains

1 . 0

Lines 1 Deep Sea

5 -

Oars viz.

6 Small

1 . 3 . 9

2 Large

12 . 5

1 . 16 . 2

Arrack 1 Gall. Men Launchg. Boats

3 . 4

Cordage C. 3 . 1 . 23

6 . 9 . 8

Iron Ware viz.

1 Iron Chain

2 . 6 . 8

1 Blank Key

8

2 . 7 . 4

Pitch & Tar viz.

1 Barl. Pitch

1 . 3 . 5

6 Rozin

1 -

1 . 4 . 5

Braziers Ware 1 Bottling Cock

3 . 8

Leather lb 10

10 -

Oil 1 Gallon Train

3 . 5

Paint lb ¼ Ven. Red mixed

1 . 9

£ 15 . 16 . 1

Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores

Issued from the 1st October to the 31st December 1772 viz.

Iron & Steel viz.

15 . . 13 Iron

15 . 17 . 5

- 2 . 5 Steel

1 . - . 4

Landing Place & Lime Kiln

16 . 17 . 9

Carried Over

£ 16 . 17 . 9

The stores charged to the boats between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £0 11s 1d

English canvas, 1 piece, £1 18s 6d

Twine, 3 skeins, £0 1s 9d

Deep-sea line, 1, £0 5s 0d

Small oars, 6, £1 3s 9d

Large oars, 2, £0 12s 5d

Oars, total, £1 16s 2d

Arrack for the men launching the boats, 1 gallon, £0 3s 4d

Cordage, 3 cwt 0 qr 25 lb, £6 9s 8d

Iron chain, 1, £2 6s 8d

Blank key, 1, £0 0s 8d

Ironware, total, £2 7s 4d

Pitch, 1 barrel, £1 3s 5d

Rosin, 6 lb, £0 1s 0d

Pitch and rosin, total, £1 4s 5d

Bottling cock, 1, £0 3s 8d

Leather, 10 lb, £0 10s 0d

Train oil, 1 gallon, £0 3s 5d

Venetian red mixed in oil, 4 lb, £0 1s 9d

Boats, total, £15 16s 1d

The stores charged to the fortifications between 1 October and 31 December 1772 began as follows.

Iron for the landing place and the lime kiln, 15 cwt 0 qr 13 lb, £15 17s 5d

Steel for the landing place and the lime kiln, 0 cwt 2 qr 5 lb, £1 0s 4d

Iron and steel, total, £16 17s 9d

Carried forward, £16 17s 9d

Interpretations

The boats' account fell to £15 16s 1d, against more than £70 in the July quarter, when they consumed over 1,600 lb of cordage and a large stock of timber. The difference reflects the season. Few ships called between October and December, so the boats did less heavy work in the roads and needed little more than routine replacement of oars, rope and canvas.

279

275

1773

Brought Over

£ 16 . 17 . 9

Iron Ware viz.

3 Iron Shovels

13 . 5

4 Mauls

3 Ash Hoes

Sandy Bay Lime Kiln

1 . 19 . 2

1 . 9

6 Bricklayers Trowels

9 -

8 Masons Beech Mallets

9 -

4 Stone Wedges

2 . 8

21 Rolld Iron

3 . 8

1 Small Frying Pan

2 . 2

1 Pad Lock

1 . 5

Landg. Place

24 Sail Needles Mendg. Lime Bags

6

4 . 4 . 7

Nails viz.

lb 6 4

3 . 8

7 6

3 . 10

1 10

5

13 Dog

8 . 3

Repairg. Wheel Barrows and Lime Kilns

16 . 4

Lead 50 Pigs Wt. C. 66 . . 6 Landing Place

61 . 10 -

Arrack 5 Gallons Workmen at Do.

16 . 6

Cordage C. 7 Lime Kiln & Do.

1 . 1 -

Oil viz.

5 Galls. Train

13 . 11

½ Do. Linseed

2 . 1

Landg. Place & Lime Kiln

19 -

Cart Wheels 5 Spare Axles for Wheel Barrows

8 . 4

Tin Ware viz.

13 Double Sheets Tin

8 . 8

4½ Do. Jaltes

4 . 6

Landg. Place

13 . 2

Turners Ware viz.

3 Lab. Buckets Lime Kiln

3 -

4 Platters Landg. Place

5 . 2

8 . 2

Canvas 10 Pieces English for Lime Bags

19 . 5 -

Twine 54 Skains Do.

1 . 11 . 6

Candles lb 2 Do.

4 . 3

Carried Over

£ 108 . 18 . 7

The stores charged to the fortifications between 1 October and 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £16 17s 9d

Iron shovels for the lime kiln at Sandy Bay, 3, £0 13s 5d

Mauls for the lime kiln at Sandy Bay, 4, £1 19s 2d

Ash helves for the lime kiln at Sandy Bay, 3, £0 1s 9d

Bricklayers' trowels for the landing place, 6, £0 9s 0d

Masons' brick mallets for the landing place, 8, £0 9s 0d

Stone wedges for the landing place, 4, £0 2s 8d

Rolled iron for the landing place, 21 lb, £0 3s 8d

Small frying pan for the landing place, 1, £0 2s 2d

Padlock for the landing place, 1, £0 1s 5d

Sail needles for mending lime bags, 24, £0 0s 6d

Ironware, total, £4 4s 7d

Fourpenny nails for repairing wheelbarrows and the lime kilns, 6 lb, £0 3s 8d

Sixpenny nails for the same, 7 lb, £0 3s 10d

Tenpenny nails for the same, 1 lb, £0 0s 5d

Rag nails for the same, 13 lb, £0 8s 5d

Nails, total, £0 16s 4d

Pig lead for the landing place, 30 pigs weighing 66 cwt 0 qr 6 lb, £61 10s 0d

Arrack for the workmen at the landing place, 5 gallons, £0 16s 6d

Cordage for the lime kilns and the landing place, 0 cwt 3 qr 7 lb, £1 1s 0d

Train oil for the landing place and the lime kiln, 5 gallons, £0 16s 11d

Linseed oil for the same, ½ gallon, £0 2s 1d

Oil, total, £0 19s 0d

Spare sides for wheelbarrows, 5, £0 8s 4d

Double sheets of tin for the landing place, 13, £0 8s 8d

Solder for the landing place, 4½ lb, £0 4s 6d

Tinware, total, £0 13s 2d

Labourers' baskets for the lime kiln, 3, £0 3s 0d

Platters for the landing place, 4, £0 5s 2d

Turned ware, total, £0 8s 2d

English canvas for lime bags, 10 pieces, £19 5s 0d

Twine for the lime bags, 54 skeins, £1 11s 6d

Candles for the same, 2 lb, £0 4s 3d

Carried forward, £108 18s 7d

Interpretations

The landing place absorbed more than three tons of pig lead in its final quarter, worth £61 10s 0d. The lead was melted and run into the joints and cramp sockets of the stone steps and sea wall to bind them against the swell. The lime for the mortar was burned at Sandy Bay, on the far side of the island from Jamestown, where the Company had a kiln. The ten pieces of canvas made into lime bags, at £19 5s 0d, were needed to carry the quicklime by slave porters or on animals over the island's central ridge and down into James's Valley. Burning lime at the work site would have been simpler, but the stone or shell for lime was found at Sandy Bay, so the Company accepted the long haul and the constant wear on the bags.

280

276

18th January

Brought Over

£ 108 . 18 . 7

Deals 8 Single

15 . 8

Paint lb 6 Chalk Landg. Place

3

Lines 12 No. 4 Do.

4 . 6

Pitch & Tar lb 63 Rozin

10 . 6

£ 110 . 9 . 6

Barracks Dr. for the following Stores Issued

from the 1st October to the 31st December 1772 viz.

Nails viz.

lb 164 2

6 . 9 . 10

4 3

3 -

34 4

1 . - . 7

283 6

7 . 2 . 6

17 Glazg. Brads

1 . - . 7

318 Floorg. Do.

7 . 17 . 6

23 . 14 -

Iron C. 13 . 2

14 . 3 . 6

Oil viz.

15 Galls. Linseed

3 . 2 . 10

1 Gall. Train

3 . 5

1 Do. Oil Bought

6

3 . 12 . 3

Paint viz.

lb 342 Whiting

14 . 3

80 Stone Colour

2 . 3 . 4

90 White Lead dry

1 . 6 . 3

40 Ven. Red mixd.

17 . 6

6 Bundls. Blacking

3 -

3 Copperas

3

5 . 7 . 4

Deals viz.

150 Single

12 . 14 . 7

405 Deals Bought

58 . 13 -

1 Double Deal

3 . 5

71 . 11 -

Carried Over

£ 118 . 8 . 1

The stores charged to the fortifications between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £108 18s 7d

Single deals, 8, £0 15s 8d

Chalk for the landing place, 6 lb, £0 0s 3d

Lines number 4 for the landing place, 12, £0 4s 6d

Rosin, 63 lb, £0 10s 6d

Fortifications, total, £110 9s 6d

The stores charged to the barracks between 1 October and 31 December 1772 began as follows.

Twopenny nails, 164 lb, £6 9s 10d

Threepenny nails, 4 lb, £0 3s 0d

Fourpenny nails, 34 lb, £1 0s 7d

Sixpenny nails, 263 lb, £7 2s 6d

Glazing brads, 17 lb, £1 0s 7d

Flooring brads, 315 lb, £7 17s 6d

Nails, total, £23 14s 0d

Iron, 13 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, £14 3s 6d

Linseed oil, 15 gallons, £3 2s 10d

Train oil, 1 gallon, £0 3s 5d

Oil bought locally, 1 gallon, £0 6s 0d

Oil, total, £3 12s 3d

Whiting, 342 lb, £0 14s 3d

Stone colour, 80 lb, £2 3s 4d

Dry white lead, 90 lb, £1 6s 3d

Venetian red mixed in oil, 40 lb, £0 17s 6d

Blacking, 6 papers, £0 3s 0d

Copperas, 3 lb, £0 3s 0d

Paint, total, £5 7s 4d

Single deals, 150, £12 14s 7d

Deals bought locally, 403, £58 13s 0d

Double deal, 1, £0 3s 5d

Timber, total, £71 11s 0d

Carried forward, £118 8s 1d

Interpretations

The barracks drew 315 lb of flooring brads and more than 550 deals in the quarter. That shows the floors of the officers' new barracks being laid in the last weeks before Captain Tippet reported the building complete. Flooring brads had small heads that could be punched below the surface, so that boots did not catch on them. Of the deals, 403 were bought locally, almost certainly from a passing ship, at £58 13s 0d. The Company's own stock of deals from London had run short, and buying from the ships was the only way to finish the floors before the timber arrived with the next outward fleet.

281

277

1773

Brought Over

£ 118 . 8 . 1

Lines 6 No. 2

1 . 9

Rice q. lb 3 . 19 for mixing with Whiting

8 -

Iron Ware viz.

9 Stock Locks

1 . 5 -

20 Pr. H. Hinges

2 . 17 -

2 Hand Hatchets

3 . 4

3 Pr. X Garnet Hinges

16 -

4 Pr. HL. Hinges with ½ Joints

12 . 8

5 . 14 -

Turners Ware viz.

10 Paint Brushes

5 -

3 Scrubbing Do.

8 . 10

2 Hair Brooms

5 . 7

6 Plastr. Brushes

6 -

1 . 5 . 5

Glass Ware viz.

8 Sqrs. Glass 6 by 8

2 . 2

21 Do. 8 by 10

11 . 5

13 . 7

Masts viz.

2 Top Masts

18 . 5 . 6

1 Lower Mast

17 . 10 -

35 . 15 . 6

Lead lb 28 Sheet

5 . 10

£ 162 . 12 . 2

New Church Dr. for the following Stores Issued

from the 1st October to the 31st December 1772 viz.

Turners Ware viz.

7 Lab. Buckets

7 -

3 Wood Bowls

3 . 3

3 Platters

3 . 11

14 . 2

Cordage q. lb 2 . 15

1 . 3 . 8

Carried Over

£ 1 . 17 . 10

The stores charged to the barracks between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £118 8s 1d

Lines number 2, 6, £0 1s 9d

Rice for mixing with whiting, 0 cwt 3 qr 19 lb, £0 8s 0d

Stock locks, 9, £1 5s 0d

H hinges, 20 pairs, £2 17s 0d

Hand hatchets, 2, £0 3s 4d

Cross-garnet hinges, 3 pairs, £0 16s 0d

HL hinges with rising joints, 4 pairs, £0 12s 8d

Ironware, total, £5 14s 0d

Paint brushes, 10, £0 5s 0d

Scrubbing brushes, 3, £0 8s 10d

Hair brooms, 2, £0 5s 7d

Plasterers' brushes, 6, £0 6s 0d

Turned ware, total, £1 5s 5d

Window glass, panes of 6 by 8 inches, 8, £0 2s 2d

Window glass, panes of 8 by 10 inches, 21, £0 11s 5d

Glassware, total, £0 13s 7d

Topmasts, 2, £18 5s 6d

Sheer mast, 1, £17 10s 0d

Masts, total, £35 15s 6d

Sheet lead, 28 lb, £0 5s 10d

Barracks, total, £182 12s 2d

The stores charged to the new church between 1 October and 31 December 1772 began as follows.

Labourers' baskets, 7, £0 7s 0d

Wooden bowls, 3, £0 3s 3d

Platters, 3, £0 3s 11d

Turned ware, total, £0 14s 2d

Cordage, 0 cwt 2 qr 15 lb, £1 3s 8d

Carried forward, £1 17s 10d

Interpretations

Nearly a hundredweight of rice was charged for mixing with whiting. Rice boiled to a thin paste made a glue that bound the chalk of whitewash, so that it set hard and did not rub off on clothes or flake in the damp. The practice came from India, where rice-water size was standard in limewash and plaster, and the Company's servants brought it to St Helena along with the rice itself. HL hinges took their name from the shape of their leaves. The rising joint lifted the door slightly as it opened, so that it swung clear of a floor or mat and dropped shut under its own weight.

Two more topmasts and a sheer mast went into the barracks, following the bowsprit, topmast, spar and five sheer masts used there in the previous quarter. The Company was still drawing on its stock of ships' spars for the long beams of the roof, because no timber of that length could be had on the island.

282

278

18th January

Brought Over

£ 1 . 17 . 10

Iron Ware viz.

1 Large Frying Pan

4 . 1

1 Ash Hoe

7

1 Plastr. Sieve

4 . 9

8 Iron Shovels

1 . 15 . 8

1 Pad Lock

1 . 5

1 Iron Rubbish Riddle

7 . 6

2 Masons Stone Axes

13 . 3

3 . 7 . 3

Lines 12 No. 3

3 . 10

Nails viz.

lb 2 2

1 . 7

12 4

7 . 3

12 Dog

7 . 3

16 . 1

Lead 3 Pigs Wt. C. q. 4 . 1 -

3 . 19 . 4

Arrack 10 Gallons Given to Workmen

1 . 12 . 11

Deals viz.

575 Pr. Church Timber

161 . 10 . 2

3 Elm Boards

12 . 3

4 Pr. Oak Plank

9 . 16 . 8

171 . 19 . 1

£ 183 . 16 . 10

St. Helena

31st December 1772

E. Excepted

(Signed) Jona. Doveton

Storekeeper

The stores charged to the new church between 1 October and 31 December 1772 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £1 17s 10d

Large frying pan, 1, £0 4s 1d

Pick helve, 1, £0 0s 7d

Plasterer's sieve, 1, £0 4s 9d

Iron shovels, 8, £1 15s 8d

Padlock, 1, £0 1s 5d

Iron rubbish riddle, 1, £0 7s 6d

Masons' stone axes, 2, £0 13s 3d

Ironware, total, £3 7s 3d

Lines number 3, 12, £0 3s 10d

Twopenny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 7d

Fourpenny nails, 12 lb, £0 7s 3d

Rag nails, 12 lb, £0 7s 9d

Nails, total, £0 16s 7d

Pig lead, 3 pigs weighing 4 cwt 1 qr 0 lb, £3 19s 4d

Arrack given to the workmen, 10 gallons, £1 12s 11d

Church timber, 57½ pieces, £161 10s 2d

Elm boards, 3, £0 12s 3d

Oak plank, 4 pieces, £9 16s 8d

Timber, total, £171 19s 1d

New church, total, £183 16s 10d

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 31 December 1772, reserving any errors it might contain.

Interpretations

The 57½ pieces of church timber were charged at £161 10s 2d, exactly the value of the 57½ pieces of French timber listed in the warehouse inventory of 30 September 1772. That stock had been bought, probably from a French ship, with the church in mind, and it was issued in full as soon as Captain Tippet turned the workmen to that building. Heavy squared timber of this kind would serve for the roof trusses and the main beams of the nave. The cost of the timber alone made the church the largest single charge in the quarter's issues, ahead of the barracks.

283

279

1773

List of the Honorable Companys Officers and Servants upon

the Island St. Helena with their several Salarys Diet Money &c. for

the Quarter ending 31st December 1772

John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

150 -

Do. Allowance for Servants

31 . 14 . 9

181 . 14 . 9

Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

62 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

25 -

87 . 10 -

Matthew Parling Esqr. of Council

50 -

Do. Diet Money

15 -

Do. Gratuity

15 -

80 -

Matthew Bazett Esqr. of Council

10 -

Do. Accountant

27 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

15 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

55

William Bearcroft Chaplain

40 -

Do. Diet Money

15 -

55 -

William Wrangham Paymaster

27 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

15 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

Do. Assist. to the Govr.

10 -

55

Jonathan Doveton Storekeeper

27 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

15 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

45 -

Britannicus Knipe Secretary

27 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

15 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

45

Carried Over

£ 604 . 14 . 9

The salaries, diet money and allowances paid to the Company's officers and servants at St Helena for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 began as follows.

John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d

John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d

John Skottowe, total, £181 14s 9d

Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d

Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d

Daniel Corneille, total, £87 10s 0d

Matthew Purling, member of Council, salary, £50 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, gratuity, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, total, £80 0s 0d

Matthew Bazett, member of Council, salary, £10 0s 0d

Matthew Bazett, salary as accountant, £27 10s 0d

Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Matthew Bazett, total, £55 0s 0d

William Bencroft, chaplain, salary, £40 0s 0d

William Bencroft, diet money, £15 0s 0d

William Bencroft, total, £55 0s 0d

William Wrangham, paymaster, salary, £27 10s 0d

William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d

William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d

William Wrangham, salary as assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d

William Wrangham, total, £55 0s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, total, £45 0s 0d

Britannicus Wright, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d

Britannicus Wright, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Britannicus Wright, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Britannicus Wright, total, £45 0s 0d

Carried forward, £604 4s 9d

Interpretations

Jonathan Doveton now drew the storekeeper's full quarterly salary of £27 10s 0d and diet money of £15 0s 0d, with no apportionment. In the quarter ending 30 September 1772 he had been paid partly as assistant storekeeper and partly as storekeeper from 29 August, the day of James Pavell's death. His pay was now set on the same scale as that of the secretary and the paymaster, the three middle-ranking civil offices of the island. The other senior salaries were unchanged from the previous quarter.

284

280

18th January

Brought Over

£ 604 . 14 . 9

James Tippet Engineer

50

Do. Diet Money

2 . 10 -

52 . 10

John Goodwin Factor

12 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

Do. Collector of the Customs

12 . 10

37 . 10

George Bazett Writer

7 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

Do. Clerk of the Works

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. Assist. Storekeeper

5 -

31 . 16 . 10½

James Desfountain Writer

7 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

10 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

20 -

William Webber Doveton Writer

7 . 10

Do. Diet Money

10 -

17 . 10

Robert Leech Writer

20 -

Thomas Strand Surgeon

19 . 15

Do. Diet Money

10 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

32 . 5

James Forsell Surgn. Mate

13 . 15 -

Do. Diet Money

10 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

26 . 5

John Congreve Judge Advocate

12 . 10

Do. Schoolmaster

7 . 10 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

22 . 10

Thomas Bazett Superintendt. of the Works

25 -

Carried Over

£ 889 . 11 . 7½

The salaries and allowances paid to the Company's officers and servants for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £604 4s 9d

James Tippet, engineer, salary, £50 0s 0d

James Tippet, diet money, £2 10s 0d

James Tippet, total, £52 10s 0d

John Goodwin, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d

John Goodwin, diet money, £10 0s 0d

John Goodwin, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Goodwin, salary as collector of customs, £12 10s 0d

John Goodwin, total, £37 10s 0d

George Bazett, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

George Bazett, diet money, £10 0s 0d

George Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

George Bazett, salary as clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d

George Bazett, salary as assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d

George Bazett, total, £31 16s 10½d

James Desfountain, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d

James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d

James Desfountain, total, £20 0s 0d

William Webber Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

William Webber Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d

William Webber Doveton, total, £17 10s 0d

Robert Leech, writer, £20 0s 0d

Thomas Seward, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d

Thomas Seward, diet money, £10 0s 0d

Thomas Seward, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Seward, total, £32 5s 0d

James Farrell, surgeon's mate, salary, £13 15s 0d

James Farrell, diet money, £10 0s 0d

James Farrell, house rent, £2 10s 0d

James Farrell, total, £26 5s 0d

John Congreve, judge advocate, salary, £12 10s 0d

John Congreve, salary as schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d

John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Congreve, total, £22 10s 0d

Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d

Carried forward, £889 11s 7½d

Interpretations

James Farrell, who had helped in the hospital during John Pritchard's last illness, was now established as surgeon's mate at the full rate for the quarter. The surgeon's mate was paid at £13 15s 0d, well below the surgeon's £19 15s 0d. George Bazett drew a full £5 0s 0d as assistant storekeeper, against £1 15s 1d for the month he held the post in the previous quarter. Robert Leech appeared as a writer at a flat £20 0s 0d, without separate diet money or rent. That was a different footing from the other writers, perhaps because his work in the warehouse and his duties as steward were combined into one allowance.

285

281

1773

Brought Over

£ 889 . 11 . 7½

Philip Mahony Clerk of the Peace

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Solomon St. Maurice Master at Arms

6 . 5 -

Saml. Alexander

7 . 10

John Worrall Do. Overseer

15

John Robinson Carpenter

25

Simon Whaley Do. Mate

12 . 10 -

Edward Daniel Mason

30 -

John Preston Do. Mate

20 -

John Daniel Do. Apprentice

7 . 10 -

Joseph Seager Armourer

15 -

Joseph Griffiths Cooper

15 -

Hugh Jones Superintendt. of the Blacks

16 -

James Carmichael Gardener

10 -

John Price Marshal & Goaler

7 . 10

Charles Hassell Groom

2 -

John Joice Clock & Instrumt. Mender

1 . 5

William French Patron of the Long Boats

7 . 10

Thomas Yates Clerk of the Church

5

John Young Steward

7 . 10

Do. for Overseeing the Bake House

3 -

10 . 10 -

To the Drum Major for Instructg. the young Drumrs.

1 -

First Company viz.

Daniel Corneille Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Solomon St. Maurice Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

Charles Ross Stewart Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

Do. Adjutant

18 . 5 -

54 . 19 . 4½

Carried Over

£ 1283 . 6 -

The salaries and allowances paid to the Company's officers and servants for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued with the civil staff, the tradesmen and the officers of the First Company.

Brought forward, £889 11s 7½d

Philip Mahony, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 7s 6d

Philip Mahony, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Philip Mahony, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Philip Mahony, total, £36 14s 4½d

Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d

Samuel Alexander, gunner, £7 10s 0d

John Pursell, gunner, £15 0s 0d

John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d

Simon Whaley, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d

Edward Daniels, mason, £30 0s 0d

John Preston, mason's mate, £20 0s 0d

John Daniel, mason's apprentice, £7 10s 0d

Joseph Singer, armourer, £15 0s 0d

Joseph Griffiths, cooper, £15 0s 0d

Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d

James Carmichael, gardener, £10 0s 0d

John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d

Charles Hazell, groom, £2 0s 0d

John Joyce, clerk and instrument cleaner, £1 5s 0d

William French, coxswain of the longboats, £7 10s 0d

Thomas Yates, clerk of the church, £5 0s 0d

John Young, steward, salary, £7 10s 0d

John Young, for running the bakehouse, £3 0s 0d

John Young, total, £10 10s 0d

The drum major, for teaching the young drummers, £1 0s 0d

First Company, Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d

Solomon St Maurice, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Solomon St Maurice, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Solomon St Maurice, total, £34 4s 4½d

Charles Ross Stewart, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Charles Ross Stewart, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Charles Ross Stewart, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Charles Ross Stewart, salary as adjutant, £18 5s 0d

Charles Ross Stewart, total, £54 19s 4½d

Carried forward, £1,283 6s 0d

Interpretations

John Young had taken over from Robert Leech as steward and as keeper of the bakehouse, at the same rates of £7 10s 0d and £3 0s 0d. Leech moved to a writer's post at a flat £20 0s 0d. Charles Ross Stewart now drew house rent of £2 10s 0d in addition to his pay as lieutenant and adjutant, which he had not received in the previous quarter. He was the same man who discharged his bond of £50 0s 0d to the Company in September 1772. The house rent allowance was perhaps granted once he set up his own household rather than living in quarters.

286

282

18th January

Brought Over

£ 1283 . 6 -

William Caldwell Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

William Roberts Ensn. Adjut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

Henry Howell

7 . 13 . 4

John Allman

7 . 13 . 4

George Seale

7 . 13 . 4

Thomas Mears

7 . 13 . 4

James Mannaton

7 . 13 . 4

Abraham Snow

7 . 13 . 4

46 -

Corporals viz.

Andrew Alexander

5 . 7 . 4

Timothy Walters

5 . 7 . 4

Thomas Reader

5 . 7 . 4

Christopher Smith

5 . 7 . 4

William Hardy

5 . 7 . 4

John Bull

5 . 7 . 4

32 . 4

Drummers viz.

John Swales

5 . 7 . 4

Richd. Playfoot

5 . 7 . 4

George Hall

5 . 7 . 4

16 . 2

Private viz.

Richd. Ashton

3 . 16 . 8

John Atwood

3 . 16 . 8

George Ansell

3 . 16 . 8

Moses Biffen

3 . 16 . 8

Timothy Bryan

3 . 16 . 8

Emanuel Bonner

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carrd. over

£ 23 -

Carrd. Over

£ 1451 - . 9

The pay of the First Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued with its remaining lieutenant, the town adjutant, the non-commissioned officers, drummers and the first of its privates.

Brought forward, £1,283 6s 0d

William Caldwell, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

William Caldwell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

William Caldwell, house rent, £2 10s 0d

William Caldwell, total, £36 14s 4½d

William Roberts, town adjutant, salary, £27 7s 6d

William Roberts, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

William Roberts, house rent, £2 10s 0d

William Roberts, total, £36 14s 4½d

Sergeant Henry Howell, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant John Alman, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant George Seale, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Thomas Mears, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant James Bannaton, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Abraham Snow, £7 13s 4d

Sergeants, total, £46 0s 0d

Corporal Andrew Alexander, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Timothy Walters, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Thomas Roads, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Christopher Smith, £5 7s 4d

Corporal William Hardy, £5 7s 4d

Corporal John Britt, £5 7s 4d

Corporals, total, £32 4s 0d

Drummer John Twaits, £5 7s 4d

Drummer Richard Halfast, £5 7s 4d

Drummer George Watts, £5 7s 4d

Drummers, total, £16 2s 0d

Richard Ashton, £3 16s 8d

John Alward, £3 16s 8d

George Arnell, £3 16s 8d

Moses Biffen, £3 16s 8d

Timothy Bryon, £3 16s 8d

Emanuel Bonner, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £23 0s 0d

Carried forward, £1,451 0s 9d

Interpretations

William Roberts, the town adjutant, was now paid on the same scale as a lieutenant, with separate salary, diet money and house rent. In the previous quarter he had received a single sum of £36 19s 4½d. The total was almost unchanged, but setting out its parts brought the office into line with the other commissioned officers. John Alman, who re-enlisted for three years on 1 September 1772 with a bounty of £10 0s 0d, kept his sergeant's rank. Abraham Snow had replaced Alexander Jewes among the sergeants.

287

283

1773

Brought Over

£ 1451 - . 9

Private Brought Over

£ 23 -

William Benson

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Broom

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Beswick

3 . 16 . 8

Mark Balls

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Buckum

3 . 16 . 8

Stephen Barret

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Batterham

3 . 16 . 8

James Bennet

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Brown to 27 Augt. disch.

18 . 4

Patrick Conner

3 . 16 . 8

John Charlton

3 . 16 . 8

William Coppin

3 . 16 . 8

Anthony Clarke

3 . 16 . 8

Balthr. Clowning

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Cragg

3 . 16 . 8

John Cammack

3 . 16 . 8

Peter Chapman

3 . 16 . 8

John Davis

3 . 16 . 8

John Dine

3 . 16 . 8

James Drake

3 . 16 . 8

John Destaraugh

3 . 16 . 8

Adam Evans

3 . 16 . 8

John Ellis

3 . 16 . 8

William French

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Fisher

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Frost

3 . 16 . 8

John Feader

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Greenwood

3 . 16 . 8

John Granger

3 . 16 . 8

John Griffiths

3 . 16 . 8

John Gray to 20 Oct. disch.

1 . 3 . 4

John Houston

3 . 16 . 8

Philip Hayes

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Hutchins

3 . 16 . 8

Edward Hayes

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 131 . 6 . 8

Carried Over

£ 1451 - . 9

The pay of the privates of the First Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,451 0s 9d

Privates brought forward, £23 0s 0d

William Benson, £3 16s 8d

Richard Brown, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Bewick, £3 16s 8d

Mark Balls, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Buckham, £3 16s 8d

Stephen Burrel, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Bullerham, £3 16s 8d

James Burnet, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Brown, to 22 October, discharged, £0 18s 4d

Patrick Conner, £3 16s 8d

John Charlton, £3 16s 8d

William Coppen, £3 16s 8d

Anthony Clarke, £3 16s 8d

Ralph Cleaving, £3 16s 8d

William Craigs, £3 16s 8d

John Cammack, £3 16s 8d

Peter Chapman, £3 16s 8d

John Davis, £3 16s 8d

John Dove, £3 16s 8d

James Doake, £3 16s 8d

John Desbrough, £3 16s 8d

Adam Evans, £3 16s 8d

John Ellis, £3 16s 8d

William French, £3 16s 8d

William Fisher, £3 16s 8d

Robert Frost, £3 16s 8d

John Frake, £3 16s 8d

William Greenwood, £3 16s 8d

John Grainger, £3 16s 8d

John Griffiths, £3 16s 8d

John Gray, to 22 October, discharged, £0 18s 4d

John Hunton, £3 16s 8d

Philip Hayes, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Hawking, £3 16s 8d

Edward Hayes, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £131 6s 8d

Carried forward, £1,451 0s 9d

Interpretations

Thomas Brown and John Gray were both discharged on 22 October 1772, less than four months after they enlisted on 2 July. A discharge so soon after joining was unusual, since the Company had paid for their passage and outfit. The two men were perhaps found unfit for service, through illness or injury after the voyage, and were sent home in the Colebrooke, which sailed for England the next day.

288

284

18th January

Brought Over

£ 1451 - . 9

Private Brought Over

£ 131 . 6 . 8

Thomas Hesscock

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Hirons

3 . 16 . 8

John Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

John Jones

3 . 16 . 8

Francis Ives

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Ive

3 . 16 . 8

Patrick Lynch

3 . 16 . 8

Michael Leonard

3 . 16 . 8

Duncan Mc. Laren

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Mumford

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Mudge

3 . 16 . 8

John Mc. Allister

3 . 16 . 8

William Page

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Potter

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Palmer

3 . 16 . 8

John Pitts

3 . 16 . 8

William Robinson

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Rogers

3 . 16 . 8

Anthony Reynolds

3 . 16 . 8

George Ross

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Sealy

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Stacey

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Snell

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Swift

3 . 16 . 8

Gregory Southernwood

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Smith

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Sawen

3 . 16 . 8

John Sandon

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Townsend

3 . 16 . 8

John Thistlewood

3 . 16 . 8

William Thomas

3 . 16 . 8

John Taylor

3 . 16 . 8

Arthur Upson

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Valentine

3 . 16 . 8

Benj. Wise

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carrd. Over

£ 265 . 10

Carried Over

£ 1451 - . 9

The pay of the privates of the First Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,451 0s 9d

Privates brought forward, £131 6s 8d

Thomas Hancock, £3 16s 8d

Robert Hyrons, £3 16s 8d

John Johnson, £3 16s 8d

John Jones, £3 16s 8d

Francis Jose, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Love, £3 16s 8d

Patrick Lynch, £3 16s 8d

Michael Leonard, £3 16s 8d

Duncan McLaren, £3 16s 8d

William Mumford, £3 16s 8d

William Mudge, £3 16s 8d

John McAllister, £3 16s 8d

William Page, £3 16s 8d

Charles Pollets, £3 16s 8d

Richard Palmer, £3 16s 8d

John Otts, £3 16s 8d

William Robinson, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Rogers, £3 16s 8d

Anthony Reynolds, £3 16s 8d

George Roe, £3 16s 8d

William Sowby, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Stacey, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Snell, £3 16s 8d

William Smelt, £3 16s 8d

Gregory Southernwood, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Smith, £3 16s 8d

Henry Sumner, £3 16s 8d

John Saxton, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Townsend, £3 16s 8d

John Thistlewood, £3 16s 8d

William Thomas, £3 16s 8d

John Taylor, £3 16s 8d

Arthur Upton, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Valentine, £3 16s 8d

Benjamin Vix, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £285 10s 0d

Carried forward, £1,451 0s 9d

289

285

1773

Brought Over

£ 1451 - . 9

Private Brought Over

£ 285 . 10 -

Thomas Windall

3 . 16 . 8

George Wall

3 . 16 . 8

Bartholomew Welch

3 . 16 . 8

John Walters

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Wood

3 . 16 . 8

John White

3 . 16 . 8

John Waterfield

3 . 16 . 8

Edwd. Wickenden

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Westbury

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Warner

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Wallington

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Wright

3 . 16 . 8

331 . 10 -

Second Company viz.

Henry Bazett Captain

59 . 6 . 3

James Greentree Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

John Bazett Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Lachlin Leslie Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

Francis Seale

7 . 13 . 4

Joseph Whaley

7 . 13 . 4

James Elgin Serjt. Major

12 . 5 . 4

William Wills

7 . 13 . 4

Joseph Mc. Artney

7 . 13 . 4

Benj. Thomas

7 . 13 . 4

50 . 12 -

Carried Over

£ 2002 . 12 . 1½

The pay of the privates of the First Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 closed with the following men, and the list then turned to the officers and sergeants of the Second Company.

Brought forward, £1,451 0s 9d

Privates brought forward, £285 10s 0d

Thomas Vendall, £3 16s 8d

George Wall, £3 16s 8d

Bartholomew Welch, £3 16s 8d

John Waller, £3 16s 8d

Henry Wood, £3 16s 8d

John White, £3 16s 8d

John Wakefield, £3 16s 8d

Edward Wickenden, £3 16s 8d

William Whitney, £3 16s 8d

William Warner, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Wallington, £3 16s 8d

Robert Wright, £3 16s 8d

Privates, total, £331 10s 0d

Second Company, Henry Bazett, captain, £59 6s 3d

James Greentree, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

James Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

James Greentree, house rent, £2 10s 0d

James Greentree, total, £36 14s 4½d

John Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

John Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Bazett, total, £36 14s 4½d

Lauchlan Leslie, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Lauchlan Leslie, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Lauchlan Leslie, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Lauchlan Leslie, total, £36 14s 4½d

Sergeant Francis Seale, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Joseph Whaley, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant James Elgin, sergeant major, £12 5s 4d

Sergeant William Mills, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Joseph McCartney, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Benjamin Thomas, £7 13s 4d

Sergeants, total, £50 12s 0d

Carried forward, £2,002 12s 1½d

Interpretations

James Greentree had filled the lieutenancy in the Second Company left vacant when Thomas Lambert's pay stopped on 29 July 1772. James Elgin, who had acted as sergeant major for 29 days in the previous quarter, now held the post outright at £12 5s 4d for the quarter. That was 2s 8d a day against an ordinary sergeant's 1s 8d. The sergeant major's extra pay reflected his responsibility for the daily parade, the duty roster and the conduct of every other non-commissioned officer in the garrison.

290

286

18th January

Brought Over

£ 2002 . 12 . 1½

Corporals viz.

Jacob Dixon

5 . 7 . 4

John Stevens

5 . 7 . 4

Saml. Warren

5 . 7 . 4

Augustine Hitchcock

5 . 7 . 4

William Carter

5 . 7 . 4

Thos. Hart

5 . 7 . 4

32 . 4 -

Drummers viz.

Benj. Seale

5 . 7 . 4

John Wyatt

5 . 7 . 4

10 . 14 . 8

Private viz.

Timothy Atherton

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Brooks

3 . 16 . 8

Danl. Bye

3 . 16 . 8

John Bloom

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Batchelor

3 . 16 . 8

James Beard

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Bower

3 . 16 . 8

John Cunningham

3 . 16 . 8

James Challis

3 . 16 . 8

John Coffee

3 . 16 . 8

Francis Clamp

3 . 16 . 8

John Clark

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Chankley

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Dunnan

3 . 16 . 8

John Darby

3 . 16 . 8

William Daniel

3 . 16 . 8

Daniel Dine

3 . 16 . 8

Peter Ellam

3 . 16 . 8

David Evans

3 . 16 . 8

James Avery

3 . 16 . 8

John Eames

3 . 16 . 8

Jacob Edward

3 . 16 . 8

John Forbes

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carrd. over

£ 88 . 3 . 4

Carrd. over

£ 2045 . 10 . 9½

The pay of the Second Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued with its corporals, drummers and the first of its privates.

Brought forward, £2,002 12s 1½d

Corporal Jacob Hyam, £5 7s 4d

Corporal John Shears, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Samuel Warner, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Augustine Hitchcock, £5 7s 4d

Corporal William Carter, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Thomas Hart, £5 7s 4d

Corporals, total, £32 4s 0d

Drummer Benjamin Seale, £5 7s 4d

Drummer John Pyatt, £5 7s 4d

Drummers, total, £10 14s 8d

Timothy Atherton, £3 16s 8d

William Beecher, £3 16s 8d

Daniel Bye, £3 16s 8d

John Blevin, £3 16s 8d

Henry Batchelor, £3 16s 8d

James Beard, £3 16s 8d

Charles Browne, £3 16s 8d

John Cunningham, £3 16s 8d

James Challis, £3 16s 8d

John Coffin, £3 16s 8d

Henry Clamp, £3 16s 8d

John Clark, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Chankley, £3 16s 8d

William Drennan, £3 16s 8d

John Dailey, £3 16s 8d

William Daniels, £3 16s 8d

Daniel Duce, £3 16s 8d

Peter Ellam, £3 16s 8d

David Evans, £3 16s 8d

James Emery, £3 16s 8d

John Eames, £3 16s 8d

Jonah Edwards, £3 16s 8d

John Forbes, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £88 3s 4d

Carried forward, £2,045 10s 9½d

Interpretations

The corporals of the Second Company were now six in number with the addition of Thomas Hart, promoted in the previous quarter. Joseph Peel and John Phillips, who were briefly paid as corporals at the end of September, do not appear among them. James Challis drew pay for the full quarter, but he died on 6 January 1773, a week after it closed.

291

287

1773

Brought Over

£ 2045 . 10 . 9½

Private Brought Over

£ 88 . 3 . 4

Willm. Fullwood

3 . 16 . 8

John Fellows

3 . 16 . 8

John Gredish

3 . 16 . 8

John Gray

3 . 16 . 8

Robt. Green

3 . 16 . 8

Philip Gleeson

3 . 16 . 8

David Grant

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Griffiths

3 . 16 . 8

Robt. Richd. Grosvenor

3 . 16 . 8

Josiah Gentleman

3 . 16 . 8

Saml. Hiles

3 . 16 . 8

John Holbrook

3 . 16 . 8

James Hudson

3 . 16 . 8

John Ham

3 . 16 . 8

Robt. Hardy

3 . 16 . 8

John Haynes

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Harrison

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Holloway

3 . 16 . 8

Geo. Hatch

3 . 16 . 8

Edwd. Hughes

3 . 16 . 8

James Hubbard

3 . 16 . 8

John Hargate

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Hindon

3 . 16 . 8

Saml. Instone

3 . 16 . 8

John James

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

John Jacobs

3 . 16 . 8

John Jones

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Inram

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Jones

3 . 16 . 8

Saml. Hobson

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Kirkham

3 . 16 . 8

John King

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Kingeat

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Little

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carrd. over

£ 222 . 6 . 8

Carried Over

£ 2045 . 10 . 9½

The pay of the privates of the Second Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £2,045 10s 9½d

Privates brought forward, £88 3s 4d

William Fulwood, £3 16s 8d

John Fellows, £3 16s 8d

John Kendale, £3 16s 8d

John Gray, £3 16s 8d

Robert Green, £3 16s 8d

Philip Gleeson, £3 16s 8d

David Grant, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Griffiths, £3 16s 8d

Robert Richmond Grosvenor, £3 16s 8d

Josiah Gentleman, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Hales, £3 16s 8d

John Holbrook, £3 16s 8d

James Hudson, £3 16s 8d

John Ham, £3 16s 8d

Robert Hardes, £3 16s 8d

John Hayes, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Harrison, £3 16s 8d

Charles Holloway, £3 16s 8d

George Hatch, £3 16s 8d

Edward Hughes, £3 16s 8d

James Hubbert, £3 16s 8d

John Hargate, £3 16s 8d

William Hendson, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Jestone, £3 16s 8d

John James, £3 16s 8d

William Johnson, £3 16s 8d

John Jacobs, £3 16s 8d

John Jones, £3 16s 8d

Richard Jordan, £3 16s 8d

William Jones, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Hickory, £3 16s 8d

Henry Kirkham, £3 16s 8d

John King, £3 16s 8d

William Kingsnot, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Little, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £222 6s 8d

Carried forward, £2,045 10s 9½d

292

288

18th January

Brought over

£ 2045 . 10 . 9½

Private Brought over

£ 222 . 6 . 8

Thomas Lee

3 . 16 . 8

John Morris

3 . 16 . 8

John Mc. Cullen

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Morgan

3 . 16 . 8

Peter Mahan

3 . 16 . 8

Francs. Mears

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Miller

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Mintel

3 . 16 . 8

Reeves Osborne

3 . 16 . 8

Jacob Peters

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Pinna

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Palmer

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Page

3 . 16 . 8

William Paddon

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Pull

3 . 16 . 8

John Phillips

3 . 16 . 8

John Roberts

3 . 16 . 8

Owen Rawson

3 . 16 . 8

John Christian Riffe

3 . 16 . 8

John Salisbury

3 . 16 . 8

James Stone

3 . 16 . 8

Fredk. Shaffer

3 . 16 . 8

Mark Trueman

3 . 16 . 8

John Vaughan

3 . 16 . 8

Jona. Venable

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. White

3 . 16 . 8

John Waters

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Warren

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Houston to 22d. Oct. dischd.

18 . 4

John Lockhart Dead

2 . 15 -

333 . 6 . 8

Third Company viz.

Richard Beale Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Thomas Bazett Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Carried Over

£ 2474 . 18 . 1

The pay of the privates of the Second Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 closed with the following men, and the list then turned to the officers of the Third Company.

Brought forward, £2,045 10s 9½d

Privates brought forward, £222 6s 8d

Thomas Lee, £3 16s 8d

John Mares, £3 16s 8d

John McCullen, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Morgan, £3 16s 8d

Peter Mahon, £3 16s 8d

Francis Meers, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Miller, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Moule, £3 16s 8d

Rufus Osborne, £3 16s 8d

Jacob Peters, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Penna, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Palmer, £3 16s 8d

Richard Page, £3 16s 8d

William Paddon, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Peel, £3 16s 8d

John Phillips, £3 16s 8d

John Roberts, £3 16s 8d

Owen Roscoe, £3 16s 8d

John Christian Muffe, £3 16s 8d

John Salisbury, £3 16s 8d

James Stone, £3 16s 8d

Frederick Shaffe, £3 16s 8d

Mark Truman, £3 16s 8d

John Vaughan, £3 16s 8d

Francis Venables, £3 16s 8d

Richard White, £3 16s 8d

John Waters, £3 16s 8d

William Warren, £3 16s 8d

William Houston, to 22 October, discharged, £0 18s 4d

John Lockhart, died, £2 15s 0d

Privates, total, £333 6s 8d

Third Company, Richard Beale, captain, £59 6s 3d

Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Bazett, total, £36 14s 4½d

Carried forward, £2,474 18s 1d

Interpretations

William Houston was discharged on 22 October 1772, the same day as Thomas Brown and John Gray of the First Company. All three had enlisted on 2 July. The coincidence suggests that the Council reviewed the recruits of the July draft and discharged those found unfit, sending them home in the Colebrooke the next day. Joseph Peel and John Phillips, paid briefly as corporals at the end of September, appeared here as privates for the whole quarter. Their promotion had perhaps been only an acting appointment. John Lockhart's pay was counted to the day of his death on 5 December 1772.

293

289

1773

Brought Over

£ 2474 . 18 . 1

Thomas Statham Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Richard Mason Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

William Clifton

7 . 13 . 4

James Goudy

7 . 13 . 4

David Scott

7 . 13 . 4

Thos. Hughes

7 . 13 . 4

Thos. Blake

7 . 13 . 4

John Power

7 . 13 . 4

46 -

Corporals viz.

James York

5 . 7 . 4

John Merrill

5 . 7 . 4

James White

5 . 7 . 4

Thos. Ford

5 . 7 . 4

George Short

5 . 7 . 4

Willm. Johnson to 14 Decr. Reduced

4 . 7 . 6

Joseph Bailey from 15 Do. Appointed

19 . 10

32 . 4 -

Drummers viz.

John Martin

5 . 7 . 4

William Venn

5 . 7 . 4

10 . 14 . 8

Private viz.

James Anderson Senr.

3 . 16 . 8

John Arden

3 . 16 . 8

Jeremiah Abbot

3 . 16 . 8

James Anderson Junr.

3 . 16 . 8

Jacob Bull

3 . 16 . 8

John Blinkhorn

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 23 -

Carried Over

£ 2637 . 5 . 6

The pay of the Third Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued with its remaining lieutenants, sergeants, corporals, drummers and the first of its privates.

Brought forward, £2,474 18s 1d

Thomas Statham, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Statham, total, £36 14s 4½d

Richard Mason, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Richard Mason, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Richard Mason, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Richard Mason, total, £36 14s 4½d

Sergeant William Clifton, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant James Goudy, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant David Scott, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Thomas Hughes, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Thomas Blake, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant John Power, £7 13s 4d

Sergeants, total, £46 0s 0d

Corporal James York, £5 7s 4d

Corporal John Morrells, £5 7s 4d

Corporal James White, £5 7s 4d

Corporal Thomas Ford, £5 7s 4d

Corporal George Short, £5 7s 4d

Corporal William Johnson, to 14 December, reduced, £4 7s 6d

Corporal Joseph Dailey, from 15 December, appointed, £0 19s 10d

Corporals, total, £32 4s 0d

Drummer John Martin, £5 7s 4d

Drummer William Hern, £5 7s 4d

Drummers, total, £10 14s 8d

James Anderson the elder, £3 16s 8d

John Aston, £3 16s 8d

Jeremiah Albert, £3 16s 8d

James Anderson the younger, £3 16s 8d

Jacob Brill, £3 16s 8d

John Blackmore, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £23 0s 0d

Carried forward, £2,637 5s 6d

Interpretations

William Johnson was reduced from corporal on 14 December, and Joseph Dailey was appointed in his place the next day. The vacancy was filled without a single day's gap, and the two men's pay was divided exactly at the change, so the Company paid for one corporal throughout the quarter. James Goudy, reduced from sergeant major in the previous quarter, now drew the ordinary sergeant's pay of £7 13s 4d.

294

290

18th January

Brought Over

£ 2637 . 5 . 6

Private Brought Over

£ 23 -

Fredk. Willm. Beard

3 . 16 . 8

James Brown

3 . 16 . 8

Robt. Banff

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Barber

3 . 16 . 8

William Bailey

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Drake

3 . 16 . 8

John Barber

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Budgeford

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Barnes from 5th Oct. Ent.

3 . 13 . 4

John Cook

3 . 16 . 8

Philip Cook

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Coult

3 . 16 . 8

Benj. Courtney

3 . 16 . 8

George Charlett

3 . 16 . 8

James Curtis

3 . 16 . 8

Maurice Downey

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Downs

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Derry

3 . 16 . 8

Peter Ditty

3 . 16 . 8

George Dead

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Edwards

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Edgills

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Ellicott

3 . 16 . 8

John Ferguson

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Frazier

3 . 16 . 8

Owen Griffiths

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Green

3 . 16 . 8

Felix Hyder

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Hopkins

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Holloway

3 . 16 . 8

John Hilliard to 21 Decemr. Dischd.

3 . 8 . 4

Peter Higgins

3 . 16 . 8

Edward Hasel

3 . 16 . 8

Saml. Harcant

3 . 16 . 8

John Hare

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 156 . 11 . 8

Carried Over

£ 2637 . 5 . 6

The pay of the privates of the Third Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £2,637 5s 6d

Privates brought forward, £23 0s 0d

Frederick William Beard, £3 16s 8d

James Brown, £3 16s 8d

Robert Bruff, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Barber, £3 16s 8d

William Bailey, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Beale, £3 16s 8d

John Barber, £3 16s 8d

William Bridgford, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Barnes, enlisted 5 October, £3 13s 4d

John Cook, £3 16s 8d

Philip Cooke, £3 16s 8d

Robert Comb, £3 16s 8d

Benjamin Courtney, £3 16s 8d

George Chanell, £3 16s 8d

James Carles, £3 16s 8d

Maurice Downey, £3 16s 8d

Robert Downes, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Derry, £3 16s 8d

Peter Dilly, £3 16s 8d

George Dodd, £3 16s 8d

William Edmonds, £3 16s 8d

Charles Egells, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Elliot, £3 16s 8d

John Ferguson, £3 16s 8d

Charles Frazer, £3 16s 8d

Owen Griffiths, £3 16s 8d

Robert Green, £3 16s 8d

Felix Hyder, £3 16s 8d

William Hopkins, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Holloway, £3 16s 8d

John Hilliard, to 21 December, discharged, £3 8s 4d

Peter Higgins, £3 16s 8d

Edward Hazell, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Harsant, £3 16s 8d

John Howe, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £136 11s 8d

Carried forward, £2,637 5s 6d

Interpretations

John Hilliard's pay stopped on 21 December 1772, the day the Council granted his petition for discharge at the end of his contracted service. Thomas Barnes was taken onto the roll on 5 October, perhaps a seaman who enlisted from a ship in the roads. Peter Higgins drew his pay for the full quarter after re-enlisting for three years on 9 September 1772 with a bounty of £10 0s 0d.

295

291

1773

Brought Over

£ 2637 . 5 . 6

Private Brought Over

£ 156 . 11 . 8

Willm. Hamilton

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Hayes

3 . 16 . 8

Saml. Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

John Jacks

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Jameson

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Jones

3 . 16 . 8

William Johnson

14 . 2

James Kemp

3 . 16 . 8

Edward Lambourn

3 . 16 . 8

John Lane

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Moyce

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Morris

3 . 16 . 8

Abraham Major

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Martin

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Matthews

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Morris

3 . 16 . 8

Abraham Miller

3 . 16 . 8

James Mc. Cally

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Nash

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Owens

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Perry

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Perkis

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Penny

3 . 16 . 8

William Powell

3 . 16 . 8

David Patton

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Richardson

3 . 16 . 8

Adam Rose

3 . 16 . 8

Arthur Snell

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Slaughter

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Stile

3 . 16 . 8

Stephen Seymore

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Smith

3 . 16 . 8

David Starr

3 . 16 . 8

Fras. Shambier

3 . 16 . 8

John Thomson Senr.

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 287 . 12 . 6

Carried Over

£ 2637 . 5 . 6

The pay of the privates of the Third Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £2,637 5s 6d

Privates brought forward, £156 11s 8d

William Hamilton, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Hayes, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Johnson, £3 16s 8d

John Jacks, £3 16s 8d

William Jameson, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Jones, £3 16s 8d

William Johnson, from 15 December, £0 14s 2d

James Kemp, £3 16s 8d

Edward Lambourn, £3 16s 8d

John Lane, £3 16s 8d

Richard Major, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Morris, £3 16s 8d

Abraham Major, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Martin, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Matthews, £3 16s 8d

Charles Morris, £3 16s 8d

Abraham Miller, £3 16s 8d

James McCarty, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Nash, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Owens, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Perry, £3 16s 8d

William Pikes, £3 16s 8d

William Penny, £3 16s 8d

William Powell, £3 16s 8d

Daniel Patton, £3 16s 8d

Henry Richardson, £3 16s 8d

Adam Scott, £3 16s 8d

Arthur Stott, £3 16s 8d

Richard Slaughter, £3 16s 8d

Richard Sleight, £3 16s 8d

Stephen Seymour, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Smith, £3 16s 8d

David Stone, £3 16s 8d

Francis Shamber, £3 16s 8d

John Thompson the elder, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £287 12s 6d

Carried forward, £2,637 5s 6d

Interpretations

William Johnson, reduced from corporal on 14 December, was paid as a private for the remaining 17 days of the quarter at 10d a day. His pay for the quarter was thus split exactly between the two ranks, in the same way as Daniel Patton's had been at the end of September. Patton now drew a full quarter's pay as a private.

296

292

18th January

Brought over

£ 2637 . 5 . 6

Private Brought Over

£ 287 . 12 . 6

Thomas Taylor

3 . 16 . 8

George Towns

3 . 16 . 8

John Thompson Junr.

3 . 16 . 8

Jacob Thompson

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Vincent

3 . 16 . 8

George Varney

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Ward

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Waller

3 . 16 . 8

Hatton Walker

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Williams

3 . 16 . 8

James Woods

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Dailey

3 . 2 . 6

332 . 18 . 4

Fourth Company viz.

John Howard Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Saml. Desfountain Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Robert Gurling Lieut.

23 . 3 . 6

Do. Diet Money

5 . 15 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 3 -

31 . 2 . 4½

Richard Powell Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

John Deale

7 . 13 . 4

John Terry

7 . 13 . 4

Thos. Williams

7 . 13 . 4

George Wood

7 . 13 . 4

William Sharpe

7 . 13 . 4

Thomas Sylock

7 . 13 . 4

46 -

Carried Over

£ 3180 . 1 . 2½

The pay of the privates of the Third Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 closed with the following men, and the list then turned to the officers and sergeants of the Fourth Company.

Brought forward, £2,637 5s 6d

Privates brought forward, £287 12s 6d

Thomas Taylor, £3 16s 8d

George Towns, £3 16s 8d

John Thompson the younger, £3 16s 8d

Jacob Thompson, £3 16s 8d

Richard Vincent, £3 16s 8d

George Harvey, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Ward, £3 16s 8d

William Warner, £3 16s 8d

Walter Walker, £3 16s 8d

Henry Williams, £3 16s 8d

James Woods, £3 16s 8d

Joseph Dailey, £3 2s 6d

Privates, total, £332 18s 4d

Fourth Company, John Howard, captain, £59 6s 3d

Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Samuel Desfountain, total, £36 14s 4½d

Robert Gurling, lieutenant, salary, £23 3s 6d

Robert Gurling, diet money, £5 15s 10½d

Robert Gurling, house rent, £2 3s 0d

Robert Gurling, total, £31 2s 4½d

Richard Powell, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Richard Powell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Richard Powell, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Richard Powell, total, £36 14s 4½d

Sergeant John Doole, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant John Terry, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Thomas Williams, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant George Wood, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant William Sharp, £7 13s 4d

Sergeant Thomas Haylock, £7 13s 4d

Sergeants, total, £46 0s 0d

Carried forward, £3,180 1s 2½d

Interpretations

Lieutenant Robert Gurling's pay for the quarter was cut by about £5 12s 0d against the full rate drawn by his fellow lieutenants. His salary, diet money and house rent were all reduced in proportion. The shortfall matches the fortnight's suspension the Council imposed on him on 2 November 1772 for caning Gunner Thomas Towers. Suspension from duty therefore meant suspension from pay as well. The Council's sentence carried a real financial penalty, worth about a fifth of a lieutenant's quarterly income, in addition to the public disgrace. Joseph Dailey's pay as a private ran only to 14 December, the day before his appointment as corporal.

297

293

1773

Brought Over

£ 3180 . 1 . 2½

Corporals viz.

George Smith

5 . 7 . 4

William Taylor

5 . 7 . 4

James Lloyd

5 . 7 . 4

John Stockdale reduced

4 . 5 . 4

George Jarman

5 . 7 . 4

John Anderson

5 . 7 . 4

31 . 2 -

Drummers viz.

James Moyce

5 . 7 . 4

John Harper

5 . 7 . 4

10 . 14 . 8

Private viz.

John Allen

3 . 16 . 8

George Bennet to 22d. Oct. Discharged

18 . 4

Joseph Blackwell

3 . 16 . 8

John Bowler

3 . 16 . 8

William Blackman

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Bailey

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Bickerstaff

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Caleb Baldwin

3 . 16 . 8

Jacob Benz

3 . 16 . 8

Jeremiah Butcher

3 . 16 . 8

John Bates

3 . 16 . 8

Robt. Buckles

3 . 16 . 8

John Broad

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Batchelor

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Blake

3 . 16 . 8

Caleb Broadway

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Bicknell

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Cooksey

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Close

3 . 16 . 8

Joseph Cummings

3 . 16 . 8

John Clements

3 . 16 . 8

John Campion

3 . 16 . 8

Samuel Clare

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carried Over

£ 85 . 5 -

Carried Over

£ 3221 . 17 . 10½

The pay of the Fourth Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued with its corporals, drummers and the first of its privates.

Brought forward, £3,180 1s 2½d

Corporal George Smith, £5 7s 4d

Corporal William Taylor, £5 7s 4d

Corporal James Ford, £5 7s 4d

Corporal John Stockdall, reduced, £4 5s 4d

Corporal George Arman, £5 7s 4d

Corporal John Anderson, £5 7s 4d

Corporals, total, £31 2s 0d

Drummer James Moyse, £5 7s 4d

Drummer John Harper, £5 7s 4d

Drummers, total, £10 14s 8d

John Allen, £3 16s 8d

George Bennet, to 22 October, discharged, £0 18s 4d

Joseph Blackwell, £3 16s 8d

John Bowles, £3 16s 8d

William Blackman, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Bailey, £3 16s 8d

Richard Bickerstaff, £3 16s 8d

William Caleb Baldwin, £3 16s 8d

Jacob Bray, £3 16s 8d

Jeremiah Belcher, £3 16s 8d

John Bates, £3 16s 8d

Robert Buckles, £3 16s 8d

John Bread, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Batchelor, £3 16s 8d

William Blake, £3 16s 8d

Caleb Broadway, £3 16s 8d

William Bicknell, £3 16s 8d

William Cooksey, £3 16s 8d

Richard Close, £3 16s 8d

Josiah Cummings, £3 16s 8d

John Climan, £3 16s 8d

John Campion, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Clare, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £85 5s 0d

Carried forward, £3,221 17s 10½d

Interpretations

George Bennet was a fourth soldier discharged on 22 October 1772, alongside Thomas Brown, John Gray and William Houston. Unlike them he was not a recruit of the July draft, which suggests that the Council reviewed the whole garrison before the Colebrooke sailed and discharged every man then due to go, whether unfit or at the end of his term. John Stockdall lost his corporal's rank during the quarter, and the date of his reduction can be read only from the shortfall in his pay.

298

294

18th January

Brought Over

£ 3221 . 17 . 10½

Private Brought Over

£ 85 . 5 -

John Collins

3 . 16 . 8

James Dennis

3 . 16 . 8

John Dean

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Field

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Ferris Promoted

4 . 18 . 8

Fras. Flynn

3 . 16 . 8

Hugh Frewen

3 . 16 . 8

George Green

3 . 16 . 8

John Gilman

3 . 16 . 8

Edward German

3 . 16 . 8

Robt. Goodfellow

3 . 16 . 8

Fredk. Gallus

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Golding

3 . 16 . 8

Edward Groves

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Groves

3 . 16 . 8

Benj. Gerrard

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Hamilton

3 . 16 . 8

Henry Herrenberg

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Hilliard

3 . 16 . 8

Roger Haydon

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Hayles

3 . 16 . 8

Christian Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

John Johnson

3 . 16 . 8

John Joyce

3 . 16 . 8

John Jones

3 . 16 . 8

James Jordan

3 . 16 . 8

Michael Kenny

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Kempstone to 6th Dec. Dead

2 . 15 . 10

Thos. Lyne

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Lewellin

3 . 16 . 8

John Latham

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Mc. Dearman

3 . 16 . 8

Robert May

3 . 16 . 8

John Moyce

3 . 16 . 8

Private Carrd. over

£ 219 . 9 . 6

Carried Over

£ 3221 . 17 . 10½

The pay of the privates of the Fourth Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £3,221 17s 10½d

Privates brought forward, £85 5s 0d

John Collins, £3 16s 8d

James Dennis, £3 16s 8d

John Doane, £3 16s 8d

Charles Field, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Fores, promoted, £4 18s 8d

Francis Flynn, £3 16s 8d

Hugh Fenwen, £3 16s 8d

George Green, £3 16s 8d

John Gilmore, £3 16s 8d

Edward Gorman, £3 16s 8d

Robert Goodfellow, £3 16s 8d

Frederick Gallien, £3 16s 8d

William Goulding, £3 16s 8d

Edward Grant, £3 16s 8d

Richard Groves, £3 16s 8d

Benjamin Jarrard, £3 16s 8d

Henry Hamilton, £3 16s 8d

Henry Hamburg, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Hilliard, £3 16s 8d

Roger Haydon, £3 16s 8d

William Hales, £3 16s 8d

Christian Johnson, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Johnson, £3 16s 8d

John Johnson, £3 16s 8d

John Joyce, £3 16s 8d

John Jones, £3 16s 8d

John Jordan, £3 16s 8d

Michael Keary, £3 16s 8d

Richard Kempton, to 6 December, died, £2 15s 10d

Thomas Lyne, £3 16s 8d

Charles Lewellen, £3 16s 8d

John Latham, £3 16s 8d

Thomas McKeirnan, £3 16s 8d

Robert May, £3 16s 8d

John Moyce, £3 16s 8d

Privates carried forward, £219 9s 6d

Carried forward, £3,221 17s 10½d

Interpretations

Frederick Gallien drew a private's pay in the Fourth Company while also baking the garrison's bread, for which the paymaster paid him separately at 1s 9d a batch. The Company found its tradesmen among the soldiers wherever it could, and a man with a useful skill could add substantially to his 10d a day. Richard Kempton's pay ran to 6 December 1772, the day of his death as recorded in the Council's minutes. Thomas Fores was paid above a private's rate, which shows his promotion to a higher grade for part of the quarter.

299

295

1773

Brought Over

£ 3221 . 17 . 10½

Private Brought Over

£ 219 . 9 . 6

John Newton

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Penny to 1st October disch.

10

Daniel Patrick

3 . 16 . 8

William Parker

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Prichard

3 . 16 . 8

John Peck

3 . 16 . 8

John Price

3 . 16 . 8

William Powell

3 . 16 . 8

Robt. Parkinson

3 . 16 . 8

Richd. Pearce

3 . 16 . 8

James Richardson

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Saltman

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Stedman

3 . 16 . 8

James Sea

3 . 16 . 8

Charles Smith

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Smith

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Stevens

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Turner

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Tucker

3 . 16 . 8

Stephen Vanderhorst

3 . 16 . 8

Willm. Waite

3 . 16 . 8

Thos. Walls

3 . 16 . 8

Saml. Willson

3 . 16 . 8

John Wood

3 . 16 . 8

Peter White

3 . 16 . 8

John Windall

3 . 16 . 8

John Wilkinson

3 . 16 . 8

Robert Woody

3 . 16 . 8

Thomas Dawson

3 . 16 . 8

326 . 17 -

Artillery Company viz.

James Tippet Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Thomas Leech Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Carried Over

£ 3644 . 15 . 6

The pay of the privates of the Fourth Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 closed with the following men, and the list then turned to the officers of the Artillery Company.

Brought forward, £3,221 17s 10½d

Privates brought forward, £219 9s 6d

John Newton, £3 16s 8d

Richard Penny, to 1 October, discharged, £0 0s 10d

Daniel Patrick, £3 16s 8d

William Parker, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Pritchard, £3 16s 8d

John Pink, £3 16s 8d

John Plane, £3 16s 8d

William Powell, £3 16s 8d

Robert Parkinson, £3 16s 8d

Richard Pearce, £3 16s 8d

James Richardson, £3 16s 8d

William Sedgman, £3 16s 8d

William Stedman, £3 16s 8d

James Fox, £3 16s 8d

Charles Smith, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Smith, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Simms, £3 16s 8d

William Turner, £3 16s 8d

William Tucker, £3 16s 8d

Stephen Vanderhorst, £3 16s 8d

William Mart, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Watts, £3 16s 8d

Samuel Wilson, £3 16s 8d

John Wood, £3 16s 8d

Peter White, £3 16s 8d

John Wendall, £3 16s 8d

John Wilkinson, £3 16s 8d

Robert Worthy, £3 16s 8d

Thomas Dawson, £3 16s 8d

Privates, total, £326 17s 0d

Artillery Company, James Tippet, captain, £59 6s 3d

Thomas Leech, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Leech, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Leech, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Leech, total, £36 14s 4½d

Carried forward, £3,644 15s 6d

Interpretations

Richard Penny was paid for a single day of the quarter before his discharge on 1 October 1772. He was one of the two invalid soldiers for whom the paymaster paid Captain Reed of the Godfrey £10 0s 0d for passage to England. The Godfrey sailed on 7 October with a salute of nine guns, and Penny's pay stopped as soon as he was struck off the strength in readiness to embark.

300

296

18th January

Brought Over

£ 3644 . 15 . 6

John Shirley Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Robert Gibson Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

John Whitchurch

9 . 4

John Turner

9 . 4 -

James Pasfet

9 . 4 -

Thomas Jones

9 . 4 -

Ledgwick Hobwell

9 . 4 -

Benj. Holmes

9 . 4 -

55 . 4 -

Corporals viz.

Saml. Ringrose

6 . 18 -

James Walter

6 . 18 -

William Pent

6 . 18 -

William Gradl

6 . 18 -

John Fox

6 . 18 -

William Stapleford

6 . 18

41 . 8 -

Bombardiers viz.

John Smith

6 . 18 -

Thos. Yates

6 . 18 -

Philip Cannoway

6 . 18 -

William Bankes

6 . 18 -

27 . 12 -

Gunners viz.

John Towers

6 . 2 . 8

Charles Abraham

6 . 2 . 8

Thos. Price

6 . 2 . 8

John Bright

6 . 2 . 8

George Short Reduced

5 . 19 . 4

Gunners Carried Over

£ 30 . 10

Carried Over

£ 3842 . 8 . 3

The pay of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued with its lieutenants, sergeants, corporals, bombardiers and the first of its gunners.

Brought forward, £3,644 15s 6d

John Shirley, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

John Shirley, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

John Shirley, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Shirley, total, £36 14s 4½d

Robert Gillam, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Robert Gillam, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Robert Gillam, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Robert Gillam, total, £36 14s 4½d

Sergeant John Whitchurch, £9 4s 0d

Sergeant John Turner, £9 4s 0d

Sergeant James Parfit, £9 4s 0d

Sergeant Thomas Jones, £9 4s 0d

Sergeant Sedgwick Witherall, £9 4s 0d

Sergeant Benjamin Holmes, £9 4s 0d

Sergeants, total, £55 4s 0d

Corporal Samuel Ringrose, £6 18s 0d

Corporal James Waller, £6 18s 0d

Corporal William Peck, £6 18s 0d

Corporal William Crabb, £6 18s 0d

Corporal John Fay, £6 18s 0d

Corporal William Stapleford, £6 18s 0d

Corporals, total, £41 8s 0d

Bombardier John Smith, £6 18s 0d

Bombardier Thomas Yates, £6 18s 0d

Bombardier Philip Conway, £6 18s 0d

Bombardier William Franklin, £6 18s 0d

Bombardiers, total, £27 12s 0d

Gunner John Towers, £6 2s 8d

Gunner Charles Abraham, £6 2s 8d

Gunner Thomas Rose, £6 2s 8d

Gunner John Wright, £6 2s 8d

Gunner George Grant, reduced, £5 19s 4d

Gunners carried forward, £30 10s 0d

Carried forward, £3,842 8s 3d

Interpretations

Thomas Yates appears here as a bombardier on the full pay of £6 18s 0d. He also served as clerk of the church and sexton, receiving £5 0s 0d a quarter for that office and separate fees for digging graves. His daughter died on 24 December 1772. George Grant was reduced from gunner to matross late in the quarter, and the loss of a few days at the higher rate was enough to mark it in his pay.

301

297

1773

Brought Over

£ 3842 . 8 . 3

Gunners Brought Over

£ 30 . 10

Matthew Charlton

6 . 2 . 8

Thos. Wade

6 . 2 . 8

Thos. Farr

6 . 2 . 8

John Love

6 . 2 . 8

55 . 2 . 8

Drummers viz.

Alexandr. Branston

5 . 7 . 4

Peter Fox

5 . 7 . 4

10 . 14 . 8

William Gipping Fifer

4 . 12 -

Matrosses viz.

Willm. Allen

4 . 12 -

Thos. Aleworth

4 . 12 -

John Anderson

4 . 12 -

Benj. Burton

4 . 12 -

Willm. Blevin

4 . 12 -

John Bowman

4 . 12 -

Thos. Bowen

4 . 12 -

John Cope

4 . 12 -

Robert Cunningham

4 . 12 -

John Coleman

4 . 12 -

Matthew Craven

4 . 12 -

John Cobet

4 . 12 -

Thos. Connell

4 . 12 -

John Clarke

4 . 12 -

James Quinn

4 . 12 -

James Dawson

4 . 12 -

John Dowse

4 . 12 -

John Eastone

4 . 12 -

Patrick Edrington

4 . 12 -

Joseph Fellows

4 . 12 -

Joseph Finlinson

4 . 12 -

William Fairclifte

4 . 12 -

Henry Friendly

4 . 12 -

Matrosses Carried Over

£ 105 . 16 -

Carried Over

£ 3912 . 15 . 7

The pay of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued with the rest of its gunners, its drummers and fifer, and the first of its matrosses.

Brought forward, £3,842 8s 3d

Gunners brought forward, £30 10s 0d

Gunner Matthew Charlton, £6 2s 8d

Gunner Thomas Wale, £6 2s 8d

Gunner Thomas Saw, £6 2s 8d

Gunner John Love, £6 2s 8d

Gunners, total, £55 0s 8d

Drummer Alexander Branston, £5 7s 4d

Drummer Peter Fry, £5 7s 4d

Drummers, total, £10 14s 8d

William Gipping, fifer, £4 12s 0d

William Allen, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Allworth, £4 12s 0d

John Anderson, £4 12s 0d

Benjamin Burton, £4 12s 0d

William Blewin, £4 12s 0d

John Bowman, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Brown, £4 12s 0d

John Cope, £4 12s 0d

Robert Cunningham, £4 12s 0d

John Coleman, £4 12s 0d

Matthew Craven, £4 12s 0d

John Corbet, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Cornell, £4 12s 0d

John Clark, £4 12s 0d

James Dunn, £4 12s 0d

James Dawson, £4 12s 0d

John Dawn, £4 12s 0d

John Euston, £4 12s 0d

Patrick Edlington, £4 12s 0d

Joseph Fellows, £4 12s 0d

Joseph Tomlinson, £4 12s 0d

William Fairclough, £4 12s 0d

Henry Farmby, £4 12s 0d

Matrosses carried forward, £105 16s 0d

Carried forward, £3,912 15s 7d

Interpretations

John Anderson, reduced from gunner during the quarter ending 30 September 1772, now served as a matross at 1s a day. A reduced gunner did not return to the infantry. He stayed in the artillery at its lowest grade and could work his way back up when a vacancy fell open.

302

298

18th January

Brought Over

£ 3912 . 15 . 7

Matrosses Brought Over

£ 105 . 16 -

Christr. Greenawald

4 . 12 -

Thos. Gorrell

4 . 12 -

James Gilmore

4 . 12 -

Thos. Green

4 . 12 -

Jas. Griffiths

4 . 12 -

Nichs. Godfrey

4 . 12 -

Richd. Gibbs

4 . 12 -

Chas. Grierson

4 . 12 -

Owen Howard

4 . 12 -

Alexr. Henderson

4 . 12 -

Fras. Harding

4 . 12 -

Mullins Hooper

4 . 12 -

Willm. Harrison

4 . 12 -

Maynard Hayes

4 . 12 -

Robert Harmer

4 . 12 -

Willm. Hunt

4 . 12 -

Willm. Holloway

4 . 12 -

James Judge

4 . 12 -

Matt. Kirwan

4 . 12 -

Geo. Marshall

4 . 12 -

John Moore

4 . 12 -

Richd. Mason

4 . 12 -

John Mann

4 . 12 -

Evans Martin

4 . 12 -

James Mannings

4 . 12 -

Jona. Millet

4 . 12 -

Willm. Mackay

4 . 12 -

Willm. Mc. Beth

4 . 12 -

Thos. Nimble

4 . 12 -

Robt. Nicholls

4 . 12 -

Willm. Philips

4 . 12 -

James Peacock

4 . 12 -

John Parker

4 . 12 -

Richd. Pearce

4 . 12 -

Saml. Packer

4 . 12 -

Matrosses Carrd. over

£ 266 . 16 -

Carried Over

£ 3912 . 15 . 7

The pay of the matrosses of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £3,912 15s 7d

Matrosses brought forward, £105 16s 0d

Christian Gennawald, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Gould, £4 12s 0d

James Gilmore, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Green, £4 12s 0d

Joseph Griffiths, £4 12s 0d

Nicholas Godfrey, £4 12s 0d

Richard Gibbs, £4 12s 0d

Charles Grafton, £4 12s 0d

Owen Howard, £4 12s 0d

Alexander Henderson, £4 12s 0d

Francis Harding, £4 12s 0d

Miles Hooper, £4 12s 0d

William Harrison, £4 12s 0d

Maynard Hayes, £4 12s 0d

Robert Harman, £4 12s 0d

William Hunt, £4 12s 0d

William Holloway, £4 12s 0d

James Judge, £4 12s 0d

Matthew Hannon, £4 12s 0d

George Marshal, £4 12s 0d

John Moore, £4 12s 0d

Richard Morgan, £4 12s 0d

John Mann, £4 12s 0d

Isaac Martin, £4 12s 0d

James Mannings, £4 12s 0d

Jonathan Mallet, £4 12s 0d

William Mackey, £4 12s 0d

William McBeth, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Nimble, £4 12s 0d

Robert Nichols, £4 12s 0d

William Phillips, £4 12s 0d

James Peacock, £4 12s 0d

John Parker, £4 12s 0d

Richard Pearce, £4 12s 0d

Samuel Parker, £4 12s 0d

Matrosses carried forward, £266 16s 0d

Carried forward, £3,912 15s 7d

303

299

1773

Brought Over

£ 3912 . 15 . 7

Matrosses Brought Over

£ 266 . 16 -

Willm. Robinson

4 . 12 -

Robt. Riley

4 . 12 -

Charles Russell

4 . 12 -

Abm. Revew

4 . 12 -

Thos. Richardson

4 . 12 -

Andrew Shorrer

4 . 12 -

Godfrey Smith

4 . 12 -

John Smith

4 . 12 -

Willm. Smith Senr.

4 . 12 -

Willm. Smith Junr.

4 . 12 -

Willm. Shore

4 . 12 -

John Showell

4 . 12 -

Thos. Audrey

4 . 12 -

Michael Skully

4 . 12 -

Richd. Waterhouse

4 . 12 -

John Willson

4 . 12 -

Saml. Wood

4 . 12 -

Robert Woods

4 . 12 -

John White

4 . 12 -

Willm. Weston

4 . 12 -

John Wilkinson

4 . 12 -

Edward Ware

4 . 12

368 -

Pensioners viz.

Nathan Sampsell

13 . 15 . 11

Michael Frost

13 . 15 . 11

Mary Beale

7 . 10 -

Elizabeth Kennedy

7 . 10 -

42 . 11 . 10

£ 4323 . 7 . 5

Dr.

The pay of the matrosses of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 31 December 1772 closed with the following men, and the list ended with the island's pensioners.

Brought forward, £3,912 15s 7d

Matrosses brought forward, £266 16s 0d

William Robinson, £4 12s 0d

Robert Riley, £4 12s 0d

Charles Russell, £4 12s 0d

Abraham Renew, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Richardson, £4 12s 0d

Andrew Schooner, £4 12s 0d

Godfrey Smith, £4 12s 0d

John Smith, £4 12s 0d

William Smith the elder, £4 12s 0d

William Smith the younger, £4 12s 0d

William Shaw, £4 12s 0d

John Stowell, £4 12s 0d

Thomas Sabey, £4 12s 0d

Michael Scully, £4 12s 0d

Richard Waterhouse, £4 12s 0d

John Wilson, £4 12s 0d

Samuel Wood, £4 12s 0d

Robert Woods, £4 12s 0d

John White, £4 12s 0d

William Weldon, £4 12s 0d

John Wilkinson, £4 12s 0d

Edward Ware, £4 12s 0d

Matrosses, total, £368 0s 0d

Pensioner Nathan Sampell, £13 15s 11d

Pensioner Michael Frost, £13 15s 11d

Pensioner Mary Beale, £7 10s 0d

Pensioner Elizabeth Kennedy, £7 10s 0d

Pensioners, total, £42 11s 10d

Salaries, pay and pensions, total, £4,323 7s 5d

304

300

18th January

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 Decemr. 31st To Cash from the Chest

£ 5056 . 19 . 5

Carried Over

£ 5056 . 19 . 5

On 31 December 1772 William Wrangham, the paymaster, was charged in his account with the following sum.

Cash received from the treasury chest, £5,056 19s 5d

Carried forward, £5,056 19s 5d

Interpretations

Wrangham drew £5,056 19s 5d for the quarter, against £5,534 4s 7d in the quarter ending 30 September 1772. The pay list itself fell only slightly, from £4,348 4s 7d to £4,323 7s 5d. The difference lay almost entirely in the other disbursements, which dropped from £1,186 0s 0d to about £733 12s 0d. The earlier quarter had carried heavy one-off payments, including £169 16s 5d for wheat, £128 10s 3d for deals and spars bought from a ship and £80 0s 0d in re-enlistment bounties. Some of these did not recur.

305

301

1773

Paymaster Cr.

1772 Octr. 19th By Cash paid the Clerk of the Peace for two Informations and

Warrent of Arrest agaynst one of the Compys. Slaves

9 . 10

By Do. paid the Clerk of Arraignmt. & Coyn of the Court of Justice

12 . 6

By Do. paid Captn. Morris of Ship Colebrooke for the Passage of the

following Invalid Soldiers to England viz.

George Bennet

£ 5 -

John Gray

5 -

Thomas Brown

5 -

William Houghton

5 -

20 -

By Do. paid Adam Evans for Covering 120 Cots for the Garrison

@ 6 each

3 -

By Do. paid for 100 Needles 2 Thimbles and 2 Pr. of Scissars for

the Taylor in the Castle

7

By Do. paid for the following for the Governors Table viz.

doz. 11 . 10 Fowls

£ 10 . 13 -

31 Turkeys

7 . 15 -

9 Geese

2 . 5 -

37 doz. Eggs

2 . 15 . 6

2 Pigs

10 -

doz. 5 . 1 Ducks

4 . 11 . 6

21 Partridges

1 . 11 . 6

6 Cheeses

1 . 9 -

lb 11½ Pork

5 . 8

419 Beef

8 . 14 . 7

800 Lemons

1 -

41 . 10 . 9

By Do. paid 26 Days Mowing @ 1/6

1 . 19

By Do. paid for the following viz.

1 Adjut. Lieuts. Coat & 2 Pr. Breeches

£ 5 . 18 . 6

1 Do. Captns. Do. & 1 Do. Do.

2 . 4 . 2

8 . 2 . 8

By Do. paid Adam Evans for Repairing Saddlery

1 . 10

By Do. paid Noqueda Ibrahim & Muffingee their Allowance

for Salt Provisions and House Rent

6 . 11

Carried Over

£ 84 . 2 . 9

William Wrangham, the paymaster, took credit in his account for the following payments, the first entered on 19 October 1772.

The clerk of the peace, for two informations and a warrant of arrest against one of the Company's slaves, £0 9s 10d

The clerk of arraignments and the crier of the court of justice, £0 12s 6d

Captain Morris of the Colebrooke, for the passage to England of four invalid soldiers: George Bennet £5 0s 0d, John Gray £5 0s 0d, Thomas Brown £5 0s 0d and William Houston £5 0s 0d, together £20 0s 0d

Adam Evans, for covering cots for the garrison, 120 at 6d each, £3 0s 0d

Needles 100, thimbles 2 and scissors 2 pairs, for the tailor in the Castle, £0 7s 0d

Fowls for the Governor's table, 11 dozen and 10, £10 13s 0d

Turkeys for the Governor's table, 31, £7 15s 0d

Geese for the Governor's table, 9, £2 5s 0d

Eggs for the Governor's table, 37 dozen, £2 15s 6d

Pigs for the Governor's table, 2, £0 10s 0d

Ducks for the Governor's table, 5 dozen and 1, £4 11s 6d

Partridges for the Governor's table, 21, £1 11s 6d

Cheeses for the Governor's table, 6, £1 9s 0d

Pork for the Governor's table, 11¼ lb, £0 5s 8d

Beef for the Governor's table, 419 lb, £8 14s 7d

Lemons for the Governor's table, 800, £1 0s 0d

Governor's table, total, £41 10s 9d

Mowing, 26 days at 1s 6d, £1 19s 0d

Artillery sergeant's coat 1 and breeches 2 pairs, £5 18s 6d

Artillery corporal's coat 1 and breeches 1 pair, £2 4s 2d

Clothing, total, £8 2s 8d

Adam Evans, for repairing saddlery, £1 10s 0d

Noquedah Pocolam and Marsingo, allowance for salt provisions and house rent, £6 11s 0d

Carried forward, £84 2s 9d

Interpretations

The payment to Captain Morris of the Colebrooke confirms that George Bennet, John Gray, Thomas Brown and William Houston were sent home as invalids. All four had been struck off the roll on 22 October 1772, the day before the ship sailed. The Company paid £5 0s 0d a head for their passage, half the rate it had paid the Godfrey in the previous quarter for two invalids. Shipping unfit men home at the Company's charge was cheaper than keeping them on the pension list. It also freed their places for fit recruits.

The clerk of the peace was paid for two informations and a warrant to arrest one of the Company's slaves. That shows slaves accused of offences being brought before the civil court through the same formal process as free inhabitants, with the Company meeting the costs of prosecuting its own property. The 21 partridges bought for the Governor's table were red-legged partridges, introduced to St Helena from the Cape or Europe and by this date established in the wild on the open uplands. The 800 lemons were grown on the island, which had been planted with citrus trees since the seventeenth century, and were used for punch and as a defence against scurvy.

306

302

18th January

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 Decemr. 31 To Cash Brought Over

£ 5056 . 19 . 5

Carried Over

£ 5056 . 19 . 5

William Wrangham's account as paymaster carried the cash he had drawn from the chest forward unchanged on 31 December 1772.

Cash brought forward, £5,056 19s 5d

Carried forward, £5,056 19s 5d

307

303

1773

Paymaster Cr.

1772

Brought Over

£ 84 . 2 . 9

By Cash paid the Constable for Rats & Mice destroyed

2 - . 9

By Do. paid James Porter for Sawing 92 Days @ 1/6 p Day

6 . 18

By Do. paid the Fife Major for Instructg. the young Fifers

2 . 6

By Do. paid Thomas Hancock for Assisting in the Hospital

2 . 10

By Do. paid for Baking 169 Batches Bread

14 . 15 . 9

By Do. paid for 53 Galls. Oil @ 5/ p Gallon

13 . 12

By Do. paid for repairg. the Main Watercourse in James's Valley viz.

66 Days Masons Work @ 3/

£ 9 . 18 -

1343¼ Do. Labourers Do.

100 . 13 . 4

76 Do. Overseers

5 . 14 -

7 Do. Smiths

10 . 6

9½ Do. Sawblowers

14 . 3

117 . 10 . 1

By Do. paid for 57 Rafters to repair the Seed House in the Garden

2 . 17

By Do. paid for 77 Rafters 2 Loads Laths & 2 Loads Binders

to Repair the Blacks House in the Wood

4 . 7

By Do. paid the Sexton for Digging Graves for two decd. Soldiers

5

By Do. paid the Lieut. Govr. for Mutton

3

By Do. paid for the following Work at the Officers Barracks viz.

465 Days Carpenters Work @ 1/6

£ 34 . 13

69½ Do. Do.

1/3

4 . 6 . 10½

203½ Do. Plaistrs.

1/6

15 . 4 . 10½

41 Do. Overseers

1/6

3 . 1 . 6

29 Do. Sawyers

1/6

2 . 3 . 6

57½ Do. Painters

1/6

4 . 6 . 3

33 Do. Smiths

1/6

2 . 12 . 6

6½ Do. Masons

1/6

9 . 9

16 Do. Overseers

2/

1 . 12 -

790½ Do. Laborers

1/

39 . 10 . 6

108 - . 9

By Do. paid for the following Work on the Long Boats viz.

99½ Days Overseers

£ 7 . 9 . 3

747 Do. Laborers

37 . 7 -

6 Do. Carpentr. repairg. Do.

6 -

45 . 2 . 3

Carried Over

£ 409 . 7 . 4

The paymaster's payments to 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £84 2s 9d

The constable, for rats and mice destroyed, £2 0s 9d

James Procter, for sawing, 92 days at 1s 6d, £6 18s 0d

The fife major, for teaching the young fifers, £2 6s 0d

Thomas Hancock, for helping in the hospital, £2 10s 0d

Baking bread, 169 batches, £14 15s 9d

Oil, 52 gallons at 6s, £15 12s 0d

Masons repairing the main watercourse in James's Valley, 66 days at 3s, £9 18s 0d

Labourers on the same, 1,342¼ days at 1s 6d, £100 13s 4d

Overseers on the same, 76 days, £5 14s 0d

Smiths on the same, 7 days, £0 10s 6d

Stone blowers on the same, 9½ days, £0 14s 3d

Watercourse, total, £117 10s 1d

Rafters for repairing the seed house in the garden, 57, £2 17s 0d

Rafters 77, laths 2 loads and binders 2 loads, for repairing the slaves' houses in the Wood, £4 7s 0d

The sexton, for digging graves for two dead soldiers, £0 5s 0d

The Lieutenant Governor, for mutton, £3 0s 0d

Carpenters at the officers' barracks, 462 days at 1s 6d, £34 13s 0d

Carpenters at the officers' barracks, 69½ days at 1s 3d, £4 6s 10½d

Plasterers at the officers' barracks, 203¼ days at 1s 6d, £15 4s 10½d

Overseers at the officers' barracks, 41 days at 1s 6d, £3 1s 6d

Sawyers at the officers' barracks, 29 days at 1s 6d, £2 3s 6d

Painters at the officers' barracks, 57½ days at 1s 6d, £4 6s 3d

Smiths at the officers' barracks, 35 days at 1s 6d, £2 12s 6d

Masons at the officers' barracks, 6½ days at 1s 6d, £0 9s 9d

Overseers at the officers' barracks, 16 days at 2s, £1 12s 0d

Labourers at the officers' barracks, 790½ days at 1s, £39 10s 6d

Officers' barracks, total, £108 0s 9d

Overseers at Longwood, 99½ days, £7 9s 3d

Labourers at Longwood, 147 days, £7 7s 0d

Carpenters repairing at Longwood, 6 days, £0 6s 0d

Longwood, total, £15 2s 3d

Carried forward, £429 7s 4d

Interpretations

The main watercourse in James's Valley absorbed £117 10s 1d in the quarter, more than the officers' barracks. Over 1,300 days of labour went into it, paid at 1s 6d, half as much again as the ordinary labourer's rate on the barracks. The higher rate suggests the work was heavier or more dangerous, perhaps cutting and walling the channel where it ran through rock, and the stone blowers' days point the same way. The watercourse had been cleared at lower cost in the previous quarter. Its full repair before the wet months of the southern winter was evidently judged worth the expense, given the danger of a flood through the town.

The rafters, laths and binders charged for repairing the slaves' houses in the Wood show the Company maintaining the huts at Longwood where its plantation slaves lived. Binders were the flexible withies or cords used to tie thatch to the rafters. Thomas Hancock, a private of the First Company, earned £2 10s 0d for helping in the hospital, another example of soldiers taking paid work beside their military duties.

308

304

18th January

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 Decemr. 31 To Cash Brought Over

£ 5056 . 19 . 5

Carried Over

£ 5056 . 19 . 5

The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster again carried the cash he had drawn from the chest forward without change on 31 December 1772.

Cash brought forward, £5,056 19s 5d

Carried forward, £5,056 19s 5d

309

305

1773

Paymaster Cr.

1772

Brought Over

£ 409 . 7 . 4

By Cash paid for the following Work at the Landg. Place viz.

224½ Days Masons Work

£ 16 . 16 . 9

504½ Do. Stoneblowers

37 . 16 . 9

65½ Do. Smiths

4 . 18 . 3

5 Do. Overseers

7 . 6

20 Do. Do. @ 2/

2 -

1683¼ Do. Labourers 1/

84 . 2 . 9

147 . 13 . 8

By Do. paid 32 Days Work at the Lieut. Governors House

in James's Valley

1 . 12

By Do. paid for the following Work in burning Lime viz.

64½ Days Limeburners

£ 4 . 17 . 2

72 Do. Overseers

5 . 8 -

94 Do. Labourers

4 . 14 -

14 . 19 . 2

By Do. paid 19 Days Smiths Work in clean. Small Arms

1 . 8 . 6

By Do. paid for the follow. Repairs to the Plant. House viz.

19 Days Smiths Work

£ 1 . 8 . 6

27 Do. Carpent. Do.

2 . 0 . 6

2 Do. Painters

3 -

16½ Do. Labourers

16 . 6

5 . 3 . 6

By Do. paid 4 Days Work repairg. Sandy Bay Watr. Gallies

6 -

By Do. paid for the following Work at the New Church viz.

29 Days Carpent. Work

£ 2 . 3 . 6

121½ Do. Masons Do.

9 . 9 . 9

31½ Do. Overseers Do. 1/6

2 . 6 . 10

18 Do. Do. Do. 2/

1 . 16 -

12 Do. Smiths Do.

18 -

23 Do. Stone Sawyers

1 . 17 . 6

1545½ Do. Labourers

77 . 5 . 3

95 . 17 . 10

By Do. paid 29½ Days Stoneblowers upon the high Road

2 . 4 . 3

By Do. paid 13 Days Lab. Work clearg. Stones to the Water Run

13 -

By Do. paid the Sedan for Work. 73 Days in the Long Wood

3 . 13

Carried Over

£ 685 . 10 . 3

The paymaster's payments to 31 December 1772 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £429 7s 4d

Masons at the landing place, 220½ days, £16 10s 5d

Stone blowers at the landing place, 504½ days, £37 16s 9d

Smiths at the landing place, 65½ days, £4 18s 3d

Overseers at the landing place, 5 days, £0 7s 6d

Overseers at the landing place at 2s, 30 days, £3 0s 0d

Labourers at the landing place at 1s, 1,682¾ days, £84 2s 9d

Landing place, total, £147 15s 8d

Work at the Lieutenant Governor's house in James's Valley, 32 days, £1 12s 0d

Lime burners, 64½ days, £4 17s 2d

Overseers at the lime kilns, 72 days, £5 8s 0d

Labourers at the lime kilns, 94 days, £4 14s 0d

Lime burning, total, £14 19s 2d

Smiths cleaning small arms, 19 days, £3 8s 6d

Smiths repairing Plantation House, 19 days, £1 8s 6d

Carpenters repairing Plantation House, 37 days, £2 15s 6d

Painters repairing Plantation House, 2 days, £0 3s 0d

Labourers repairing Plantation House, 16½ days, £0 16s 6d

Plantation House, total, £5 3s 6d

Repairing the portcullis at Sandy Bay, 4 days, £0 6s 0d

Carpenters at the new church, 29 days, £2 3s 6d

Masons at the new church, 120½ days, £9 0s 9d

Overseers at the new church at 1s 6d, 31½ days, £2 6s 10d

Overseers at the new church at 2s, 18 days, £1 16s 0d

Smiths at the new church, 12 days, £0 18s 0d

Stone sawyers at the new church, 23 days, £1 14s 6d

Labourers at the new church, 345¼ days, £17 5s 3d

New church, total, £35 7s 10d

Stone blowers on the high road, 29½ days, £2 4s 3d

Labourers clearing the Run, 13 days, £0 13s 0d

Work at Longwood, 73 days, £3 13s 0d

Carried forward, £685 10s 3d

Interpretations

The landing place cost £147 15s 8d in wages in its final quarter, with more than 500 days of stone blowing and nearly 1,700 days of labour. That was almost exactly the £151 5s 0d spent on it in the quarter ending 30 September 1772. The pace of work held steady to the end, with no slackening before Captain Tippet reported the landing place finished on 4 January 1773. The new church now took £35 7s 10d in wages against a few pounds in earlier quarters, as the workmen began to move across to it.

Overseers were paid at two rates, 1s 6d and 2s a day. The higher rate probably went to the senior overseer on each work, who directed the gangs and answered to the engineer, while the lower went to the men who kept the labourers at their tasks.

310

306

18th January

Dr. William Wrangham

1772 Decemr. 31 To Cash Brought Over

£ 5056 . 19 . 5

£ 5056 . 19 . 5

On 31 December 1772 William Wrangham closed the debit side of his account as paymaster with the cash he had drawn from the chest.

Cash brought forward, £5,056 19s 5d

Total, £5,056 19s 5d

311

307

1773

Paymaster Cr.

1772

Brought Over

£ 685 . 10 . 3

By Cash paid for the following Work at the Lieut. Governors House

in the Long Wood viz.

42½ Days Masons Work

£ 3 . 3 . 9

54 Do. Carpent. Do.

4 . 1 -

7 Do. Smiths Do.

10 . 6

3 Do. Sawyers Do.

4 . 6

12 Do. Stone Sawyers

18 -

12 Do. Painters

18 -

56 Do. Lab.

2 . 16 -

Carryg. 96 Loads Lime

2 . 8 -

14 . 19 . 9

By Do. paid for an Express upon an Alarm

3 -

By Do. paid Thos. Barnes for Enlistg. to serve the Honble.

Company 5 Years as a Soldier subject to the

Articles of War from 5th October 1772

5

By Do. paid John Vaughan for Relisting to serve the Honble.

Company 5 Years as a Soldier subject to the

Articles of War from 2d. November 1772

10

By Do. paid Edward Daniel Mason his House Rent

5

By Do. paid for 12 Cow Hides

12

By Do. paid Jno. Robinson for the follows. for the Lieut. Governors

House in the Wood viz.

160 Rafters @ 1/

£ 8 -

120 Ground Joists 7½

3 . 15 -

2 Loads Binders 2/6

5 -

2 Do. Laths 2/6

5 -

12 . 5 -

733 . 12 -

By Amount of the Pay Account

4323 . 7 . 5

£ 5056 . 19 . 5

Island St. Helena

31 December 1772

Errors Excepted

(Signed) Willm. Wrangham Paymaster

Counted and Examined the Honble. Companys

Cash for the Month of December last which is as follows

The paymaster's payments to 31 December 1772 closed with the work at Longwood, bounties and timber, and the account balanced against the cash he had drawn.

Brought forward, £685 10s 3d

Masons at the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 42½ days, £3 3s 9d

Carpenters at the same, 54 days, £4 1s 0d

Smiths at the same, 7 days, £0 10s 6d

Sawyers at the same, 3 days, £0 4s 6d

Stone sawyers at the same, 12 days, £0 18s 0d

Painters at the same, 12 days, £0 18s 0d

Labourers at the same, 56 days, £2 16s 0d

Carrying lime to the same, 96 loads, £2 8s 0d

Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, total, £14 19s 9d

Messenger sent out on an alarm, £0 5s 0d

Thomas Barnes, bounty for enlisting for 5 years from 5 October 1772, £5 0s 0d

John Vaughan, bounty for re-enlisting for 3 years from 2 November 1772, £10 0s 0d

Edward Daniels, mason, house rent, £5 0s 0d

Cowhides, 12, £0 12s 0d

John Robinson, for rafters for the Lieutenant Governor's house at Longwood, 160 at 1s, £8 0s 0d

John Robinson, for ground joists for the same, 120 at 7½d, £3 15s 0d

John Robinson, for binders for the same, 2 loads at 2s 6d, £0 5s 0d

John Robinson, for laths for the same, 2 loads at 2s 6d, £0 5s 0d

John Robinson, total, £12 5s 0d

Disbursements, total, £733 12s 0d

Pay list, total, £4,323 7s 5d

Total, £5,056 19s 5d

William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena on 31 December 1772, reserving any errors it might contain.

The Company's cash for December was then counted and examined, with the following result.

Interpretations

John Robinson, the Company's own carpenter on £25 0s 0d a quarter, was also paid £12 5s 0d for supplying rafters, joists, binders and laths for the Lieutenant Governor's house. These were evidently cut from trees on the island, since imported deals and Riga timber were drawn from the stores rather than bought. The low prices, 1s a rafter and 7½d a joist, point to small local timber such as gumwood or redwood felled in the remaining woods near Longwood. The Company allowed its salaried tradesman to act as a contractor on the side, which saved it the cost of organising felling and carting itself.

The quarter's accounts closed exactly, with disbursements of £733 12s 0d and the pay list together equalling the £5,056 19s 5d drawn from the chest.

312

308

18th January

Cash Dr. Per Contra Cr.

1772 Octr. 1st To Balance Remaining

£ 11160 . 9 . 10

31st To Jonathan Doveton for Stores Sold in the

Quarter ending this day

2585 . 2 . 7

To Plantation for Provision Sold

54 . 18 . 7

To Licences

11 . 10

To Customs received on 1368½ Galls. Spirituous

Liquors

17 . 2 . 1½

To Sundry Accounts for Damaged Goods sold

at Publick Auction

8

£ 13837 . 3 . 1½

1772 Octr. 31st By Sundry Accounts advanced the Paymaster to pay

Salarys &c. in the Quartr. ending this day

5056 . 19 . 5

By Balance remaining viz.

In Specie

£ 8240 . 8 . 8½

In Cash Notes

539 . 15 -

8780 . 3 . 8½

13837 . 3 . 1½

£ 13837 . 3 . 1½

The Company's cash account for December 1772, closing the quarter, was set out as follows.

Receipts

Balance in hand on 1 December, £11,160 9s 10d

Jonathan Doveton, for stores sold in the quarter ending 31 December, £2,585 2s 7d

Plantation, for provisions sold, £54 18s 7d

Licences, £11 10s 0d

Customs duty on 1,368½ gallons of spirits, £17 2s 1½d

Damaged goods sold by public auction, £8 0s 0d

Receipts, total, £13,837 3s 1½d

Payments

Advanced to the paymaster for salaries and other charges in the quarter ending 31 December, £5,056 19s 5d

Balance in hand in coin, £8,240 8s 8½d

Balance in hand in cash notes, £539 15s 0d

Balance in hand, total, £8,780 3s 8½d

Payments and balance, total, £13,837 3s 1½d

The account was signed on 18 January 1773.

Interpretations

The Company's cash on the island fell from £10,847 11s 4d at the end of September to £8,780 3s 8½d at the end of December, a drop of more than £2,000 in a single quarter. Sales from the stores brought in £2,585 2s 7d, slightly more than the £2,386 5s 0d of the September quarter. They still covered only about half the paymaster's advance, and no rents were received in the quarter to help. At this rate the chest would be exhausted within about a year unless fresh specie arrived from England or India. That explains the Council's care to sell bills of exchange for cash and to insist on ready money at its auctions.

Customs were paid on 1,368½ gallons of spirits, against only 389 gallons in the September quarter. The duty stayed at 3d a gallon. The rise points to a heavy importation of arrack and other spirits by private traders in the last months of the year, probably landed from ships calling from the East and sold for the festivities of Christmas and the New Year.

313

309

1773

The Executrix to the last Will and Testament of

Frederick Merchant Deceased this day produced the said Will desiring

the same might be proved which was accordingly done upon the Oaths

of the Witnesses thereto. The Will is as follows viz.

In the Name of God Amen

I Frederick Merchant of the Island of St. Helena

Inn keeper being Weak in Body but of sound mind and memory (blessed

be God) Do make and ordain this my present last Will and Testament

in manner and form following (that is to say) I commend my Soul to

Almighty God and my Body I commit to the Earth to be decently buried

And as to such temporal Estate as I shall die possessed of I give and

dispose thereof as followeth.

Imprimis. I will that all my Just Debts and Funeral Charges

shall be paid and discharged.

Item. I give unto my Daughter Margaret Merchant one Girl Slave

named Sarah ten pounds in Money and one Gold Ring.

Item. I give unto my Daughter Elizabeth Merchant one Woman Slave

named Lucy ten pounds in Money and one Gold ring.

Item. I give unto my Daughter Ann Merchant one Girl Slave named

Polly ten pounds in Cash and a Gold Ring. And in case my beloved Wife

Martha Merchant be now pregnant and shall bring forth a live Child

if a Male I give him a Man Slave named Portsmouth twenty pounds

in Money and one Gold Ring. And if a Female I give unto her twenty

pounds in Cash and one Gold Ring.

Item. I give unto Robert George and John Leech a Gold Ring each.

Item. I give unto Richard and James Harper a Gold Ring each.

And as to the rest residue and remainder of my Estate of what

kind soever and wheresoever now belonging to me or which may hereafter

belong to me I give and bequeath the same unto my beloved Wife the sd.

Martha Merchant.

Lastly. I hereby Nominate Constitute and Appoint my well beloved

Wife the sd. Martha Merchant sole Executrix of this my last Will

and Testament hereby revoking all Wills by me heretofore made. In

Witness whereof I have hereunto set my Hand and Seal the

nineteenth

Martha Merchant, executrix of the will of Roderick Merchant, presented the will to the Council and asked for it to be proved. The witnesses swore to it on oath, and the Council admitted it to probate. The will was entered as follows.

Roderick Merchant, an innkeeper of St Helena, made his will while weak in body but of sound mind and memory. He commended his soul to God and asked to be decently buried. He directed that his just debts and funeral expenses should be paid first.

He left each of his three daughters a slave, £10 in money and a gold ring. Margaret Merchant was to receive a slave girl named Sarah. Elizabeth Merchant was to receive a slave woman named Lucy. Ann Merchant was to receive a slave girl named Polly.

His wife, Martha Merchant, was pregnant when he made the will. If she bore a son, the child was to receive a slave man named Portsmouth, £20 and a gold ring. If she bore a daughter, the child was to receive £20 and a gold ring.

He left a gold ring each to Robert, George and John Leech, and to Richard and James Harper. The rest of his estate, of whatever kind and wherever it lay, he left to his wife, Martha. He appointed her sole executrix and revoked all earlier wills. He signed and sealed the will on the nineteenth of a month, which the record goes on to give.

Interpretations

Merchant passed over the obvious course of treating his unborn child alike whatever its sex. A son was to receive the man named Portsmouth together with £20, while a daughter would receive the same money but no slave at all. Each of his living daughters, by contrast, received a woman or a girl. The pattern suggests that he matched slaves to the household roles he expected his children to fill. Girls and women would serve his daughters in the house and pass with them into their marriages, while an adult man was a labouring asset suited to a son who would work land or carry on a trade. Slaves were the most valuable portable property a small innkeeper on St Helena could leave, worth far more than the £10 or £20 in cash, and dividing them among his children was the main means of providing for them.

Gold rings left to friends were mourning rings, worn in memory of the dead and often engraved with the testator's name and date of death. Robert Leech, the Company's writer and former steward, and his kinsmen George and John were evidently close to the Merchant household. Their inclusion shows the ties between a publican in Jamestown and the families of the Company's junior servants.

314

310

18th January

nineteenth day of October in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven

hundred and seventy

Signed Sealed and declared

by the Testator as his last Will

and Testament in presence of Us

(Signed)

Phill. Mahony

William Hayes

(Signed)

Rodk. Merchant

The Executrix to the last Will and Testament

of Roderick Merchant Deceased this day produced an Inventory

of his Effects Appraised by Messrs. John Shirley John Price and

George Bird who being duly Sworn that they valued the same to the

best of their Judgements and the Executrix that she produced every

Article it was Ordered to be Registered.

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

Roderick Merchant signed and sealed his will on 19 October 1770 and declared it to be his last will in the presence of two witnesses, Philip Mahony and William Hayes.

Martha Merchant, as executrix, also presented an inventory of her late husband's goods. John Shirley, John Price and George Bird had valued them. The three appraisers swore that they had valued everything to the best of their judgement, and the executrix swore that she had produced every item. The Council ordered the inventory to be registered. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

Merchant made his will on 19 October 1770, more than two years before his death on 21 December 1772. The pregnancy it mentioned was therefore long past, and the child, boy or girl, had already been born. Merchant never revised the will to name the child or settle which of the two conditional bequests applied. Martha Merchant and the Council would have had to apply the clause according to the sex of the living child. Leaving a will unrevised for years in this way was common, but it shows how closely a small estate could be shaped by circumstances that no longer held.

Probate at St Helena depended on two separate oaths. The appraisers swore to the fairness of their valuation, and the executrix swore that she had concealed nothing. Together they protected the heirs and any creditors, since the inventory became the basis for paying debts and dividing what remained. Philip Mahony, who witnessed the will, was the island's clerk of the peace, and John Shirley, one of the appraisers, was a lieutenant of the artillery. Officers and Company servants routinely took on these civil duties for their neighbours in Jamestown.

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311

25th January

At a Consultation held on Monday the 25th day of January 1773 at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 18th January 1773

We this Day met as Usual and no Business offering

we adjourned.

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Monday the 1st day of February 1773 at the

Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 25 January 1773

Tuesday the 26th January Arrived the Nottinghams Boat at Banks's at half an

Hour past Six o'Clock in the Morning

Do. Do. Do. Do. The Honorable Company's Ship Nottingham

from Mocha (last from the Cape)

Friday the 29th Do. Died James Griffiths Matross

Saturday the 30th Do. Passed by a Ship at a great distance

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 25 January 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 18 January. No business came before the meeting, and the Council adjourned. The Governor, Corneille, Purling and Bazett signed the minutes.

The Council met again at the Castle on Monday 1 February 1773, with the same members present. It read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 25 January.

A boat from the Nottingham landed at Banks's at half past six on the morning of Tuesday 26 January. The Company's ship Nottingham arrived the same day from Madras, having called last at the Cape. James Griffiths, a matross, died on Friday 29 January. A ship passed the island at a great distance on Saturday 30 January.

Interpretations

The Nottingham sent a boat ahead to Banks's before the ship itself came into the roads. Banks's was the battery on the windward approach to Jamestown, the first point a homeward ship rounded on its way in. By landing a boat there the commander could identify his ship to the garrison, report his arrival and learn whether it was safe to anchor before committing the vessel to the roads under the guns. This routine exchange between ship and shore guarded against a strange vessel slipping in under false colours, and it gave the Castle early warning to prepare for the ship's needs.

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1st February

The Nottingham brought Us the following Supply's

Invoice of Ship Nottingham

Rice 32 Bags for Gross Wt. Cs. qr. lb 42 . 2 . 16

Tare @ 4 lb ea. 1 . - . 16

Nt. Wt. 41 . 2 . - or 4648 or

Mds. Ps. Cs.

200 7/8 @ 106 . 15 . 7 p Garce

53 . 16 . 26

Paddy 33 Bags for Gross Wt. 35 . - . 24

Tare @ 4 lb ea. 1 . - . 20

Nt. Wt. 34 . - . 4 or 380 @ 10 p Garce

25 -

Bridgetown Arrack 2 Leagers cont. 3 Galls. 290 @ 38 p Leager

76 -

Charges Merchandize

Gunney Bags 100

7 -

Twine

6

Tin Plates & Nails

9

Cooley hire on Rice &c.

16 -

Weighing Cooley hire & Cooney @ 3 Cash p Candy

4 . 20

Boat Hire Masulah on 3 Boats @ 10 . 20 p Boat

30 . 60

Tarpaulins hired on 2 Do. @ 4

8

9 . 2

Pagodas 163 . 18 . 26

Errors Excepted

(Signed)

Jno. Mowbray Accountt.

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that he has been

onboard the Ship Nottingham to Muster her Company and enquire for

Deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follows

The Nottingham brought the island the following supplies from Madras, as set out in the ship's invoice.

Rice, 32 bags, gross weight 43 cwt 2 qr 16 lb

Rice, tare at 4 lb a bag, 1 cwt 0 qr 16 lb

Rice, net weight 41 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, equal to 4,648 lb

Rice, 200⅞ marcals at 106 pagodas 15 fanams a garce, fifty-three pagodas, sixteen fanams and twenty-six cash

Paddy, 33 bags, gross weight 35 cwt 0 qr 24 lb

Paddy, tare at 4 lb a bag, 1 cwt 0 qr 20 lb

Paddy, net weight 34 cwt 0 qr 4 lb, 250 marcals at 40 pagodas a garce, twenty-five pagodas

Pulicat arrack, 2 leaguers containing 296 gallons at 38 pagodas a leaguer, seventy-six pagodas

Gunny bags, 100, seven fanams

Twine, six fanams

Tin plates and nails, nine fanams

Porters' hire on the rice and other goods, ten fanams

Weighing and porters' hire, four fanams and twenty cash

Boat and porters' hire, 3 boats at ten fanams and twenty cash a boat, thirty fanams and sixty cash

Tarpaulins hired for 2 boats at four fanams, eight fanams

Charges on merchandise, total, nine pagodas and two fanams

Invoice, total, one hundred and sixty-three pagodas, eighteen fanams and twenty-six cash

John Moubray signed the invoice as accountant, reserving any errors it might contain.

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Nottingham to muster the ship's company and search for deserters, and had found none. The ship's muster roll was entered as follows.

Interpretations

The invoice was drawn up at Madras in the currency and measures of the Coromandel coast. The pagoda was a gold coin of south India, worth about 8s in sterling. It was divided into fanams, small silver coins, and the fanam in turn into cash, tiny copper pieces. Grain was sold by the garce, the standard bulk measure at Madras, which contained 400 marcals. A marcal was a dry measure of roughly 12 lb of rice. A leaguer was a large cask, originally Dutch, holding about 150 gallons. Pulicat arrack came from the Dutch settlement at Pulicat, north of Madras, and was reckoned among the better grades of the spirit. Gunny was coarse sacking woven from jute in Bengal, in which rice and paddy were shipped.

Bazett's muster of the Nottingham was a routine search for deserters, made on every Company ship in the roads. Soldiers and slaves alike sometimes tried to escape the island by stowing away on homeward ships, and seamen from the ships sometimes deserted to the island. Mustering each crew against its roll before the ship sailed was the Council's chief check on both. On this occasion Bazett found no one hidden aboard.

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1773

Muster Roll of Ship Nottingham

Peter Meakes Commander

James Williamson 1 Mate

John Nichols 2 Do.

Patrick Burt 3 Do.

John Wright 4 Do.

Thomas Dunn 5 Do.

William Smith 6 Do.

Samuel Whitwood Purser

John Kelly Surgeon

Thomas Houghton Boatsn.

Thomas Parrot Gunner

James Armstead Carpenter

Wm. Sedgwick Captns. Steward

Thos. Smith Midn. & Coxswain

Richd. Nicholas Midshipman

Chas. Manley Do.

James Potter Do.

Miles Clutes Quartr. Mastr.

Alexr. Conqueror Do.

Henry Lunn Do.

Turley Mitchel Carpr. Mate

Jno. Ligasick Do. Do.

John Donaldson Cooper

John Batts Armourer

James Mead Sailmaker

Benj. Mulgrave Boatsn. Mate

John Williams Captns. Cook

James Saunderson Do. Ship

John Burnet Baker

Jas. Duncan Boatsn. Yeoman

Jacob Morbet Seaman

Allda. Moore

James Ward Seaman

John Purcell

Joseph Valentine

John Richardson

Fras. Brooks

Christr. Smith

Matthew Johnson

Henry Young

Matthew Simmonds

Charles Shaw

John Aird

William Ellwood

John Barrow

Hugh Lowry

Thos. Poole

William Finley

Thos. Hudson

William Price

William Alexander

Thos. Morton

George Hammond

John Clifton

Thos. Harris

Fras. Berry

Joseph Phillips

Thos. Jordan

Will. Grimes

John Pollard

Nathl. Saunders

John Moore

William Mc. Hall

Jeame Mansel

Joseph Bostock Seaman

John Shirley

John Cable

Richd. Corby

Thos. Wynn

James Cunningham

Peter Gould

John Phillips

Nichs. Howell

Geo. Sterling

David Bellingh

William Scott

Wilkinson Hilson

Benj. Johnson

John Oakey

John Martin

Robt. Seale

Thos. Thomas

Geo. Longland

Edward Coates

John Matthews

David Shirley

James Morgan

Henry Arthur

Alexr. Mc. Farland

Peter Pivot

John Jones

John Harrison

Juan Portuguese

John Williams

Antonio Rodorigo

Jas. Lewin Mariner

Soldiers

Gamal Coster

Abm. Mc. Naughton

John Hawkeridge

Saml. Simmonds

James Dennis

George Jones

The muster roll of the Nottingham listed the following men.

Peter Meakes, commander

James Williamson, first mate

John Nichols, second mate

Patrick Burt, third mate

John Wright, fourth mate

Thomas Owen, fifth mate

William Smith, sixth mate

Samuel Whitwood, purser

John Kelly, surgeon

Thomas Houghton, boatswain

Thomas Parrot, gunner

James Armstead, carpenter

William Sedgwick, captain's steward

Thomas Smith, midshipman and coxswain

Richard Nicholas, midshipman

Charles Manley, midshipman

James Potter, midshipman

Miles Coles, quartermaster

Alexander Conqueror, quartermaster

Henry Lunn, quartermaster

Turley Mitchell, captain's mate

John Legasick, captain's mate

John Donaldson, cooper

John Batts, armourer

James Mead, sailmaker

Benjamin Mulgrave, boatswain's mate

John Williams, captain's cook

James Saunderson, [...]

John Burnet, baker

James Duncan, boatswain's yeoman

Jacob Merlet, seaman

[...] Moore, seaman

James Ward, seaman

John Powell, seaman

Joseph Valentine, seaman

John Richardson, seaman

Francis Brooks, seaman

Christopher Smith, seaman

Matthew Johnson, seaman

Henry Young, seaman

Matthew Simmonds, seaman

Charles Shaw, seaman

John Aird, seaman

William Ellwood, seaman

John Barrow, seaman

Hugh Lowry, seaman

Thomas Poole, seaman

William Finley, seaman

Thomas Hudson, seaman

William Price, seaman

William Alexander, seaman

Thomas Morton, seaman

George Hammond, seaman

John Clifton, seaman

Thomas Harris, seaman

Francis Berry, seaman

Joseph Phillips, seaman

Thomas Jordan, seaman

William Grimes, seaman

John Ellard, seaman

Nathaniel Saunders, seaman

John Moore, seaman

William McHall, seaman

Joam Manuel, seaman

Joseph Bostock, seaman

John Shorley, seaman

John Cable, seaman

Richard Corby, seaman

Thomas Wynn, seaman

James Cunningham, seaman

Peter Gould, seaman

John Phillips, seaman

Nicholas Howell, seaman

George Stirling, seaman

David Bellingly, seaman

William Scott, seaman

Wilkinson Gibson, seaman

Benjamin Johnson, seaman

John Oakey, seaman

John Martin, seaman

Robert Seale, seaman

Thomas Thomas, seaman

George Longlands, seaman

Edward Coates, seaman

John Matthews, seaman

David Shirley, seaman

James Morgan, seaman

Henry Arthur, seaman

Alexander McFarland, seaman

Peter Prevost, seaman

John Jones, seaman

John Harrison, seaman

Juan Portuguese, seaman

John Williams, seaman

Antonio Rodrigo, seaman

Jan Lorenz Mulder, seaman

Garrat Coster, soldier

Alexander McNaughton, soldier

John Hawkeridge, soldier

Samuel Simmonds, soldier

James Dennis, soldier

George Jones, soldier

Edward [...], soldier

Interpretations

The roll was taken so that the ship's company could be checked again before she sailed, to make sure no soldier or slave from the island left with her and no seaman stayed behind. A homeward Indiaman carried a large crew of over a hundred, with six mates and a full set of warrant and petty officers, because the ship had to be fought as well as sailed. Several of the seamen were Portuguese, Spanish or Dutch, recruited in India to replace Englishmen lost to death and desertion on the outward voyage. The soldiers on board were invalids or time-expired men of the Company's Indian armies returning home.

318

314

1st February

Edward Dorrien

John Longstaff

Michl. Tinham

Wm. Morgan

James Knap

Walter Rice

Joseph Willson

Isaac Cuss

David Jones

Thos. Gibson

Richd. Gill

William Birt

Arthur Kelly

Passengers

John Andrews Esqr.

Colonel Hart

Peter Marriet Esqr.

Lieut. Bartlet

Lieut. Blacker

Lieut. Sharp

Lieut. French

Mr. Mc. Clue

Harding Stacey

Edward Stacey

Captn. Robson

Elizabeth Crosby

Harriet Crosby

Black Nurses 3

Dick Nottingham

Richd. Wilden

Domingo

(Signed)

Peter Meakes

The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account

of Stores short received from Ship Nottingham

Account of Stores short received from Ship Nottingham

Cs. qrs. lb

- . 3 . 8 Rice

- . - . 22 Paddy

Short weight occasioned by wastage

Arrack 2 Leagers

Galls. Galls.

No. 1 Leager 138 wants to fill 8

2 Do. 137 Do. 4

275 12

12

Received 263 Gallons

St. Helena

1st Feby. 1773

(Signed)

Jona. Doveton Storekeeper

The muster roll of the Nottingham continued with the remaining soldiers and the passengers.

Edward Doran, soldier

John Longstaff, soldier

Michael Treslam, soldier

William Morgan, soldier

James Heap, soldier

Walter Tree, soldier

Joseph Wilson, soldier

Isaac Cross, soldier

David Jones, soldier

Thomas Gibson, soldier

Richard Gill, soldier

William Burt, soldier

Arthur Kelly, soldier

John Andrews, passenger

Colonel Hart, passenger

Peter Mariot, passenger

Lieutenant Bartlet, passenger

Lieutenant Blacker, passenger

Lieutenant Shaugh, passenger

Lieutenant French, passenger

Mrs McClure, passenger

Harding Stacey, passenger

Edward Stacey, passenger

Captain Robson, passenger

Elizabeth Crosby, passenger

Harriet Crosby, passenger

Black nurses, 3, passengers

Dick Nottingham, passenger

Richard Wilder, passenger

Domingo, passenger

Peter Meakes signed the roll as commander.

The storekeeper delivered the following account of stores received short from the Nottingham.

Rice, short weight from wastage, 0 cwt 3 qr 8 lb

Paddy, short weight from wastage, 0 cwt 0 qr 22 lb

Arrack, leaguer number 1, 138 gallons, wanting 8 gallons to fill

Arrack, leaguer number 2, 137 gallons, wanting 4 gallons to fill

Arrack, 2 leaguers, 275 gallons, wanting 12 gallons

Arrack received, 263 gallons

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 1 February 1773.

Interpretations

The invoice from Madras charged for 296 gallons of arrack, but the two leaguers held only 275 gallons when full. They arrived 12 gallons short of even that, so the island received 263 gallons, 33 fewer than it had paid for. Some loss by leakage and evaporation was expected on a voyage of several months across the tropics. The storekeeper's formal account of the shortfall allowed the Council to charge it back against the ship or the Madras suppliers rather than absorb it in its own books.

The three black nurses and the servants named only Dick Nottingham and Domingo were attendants travelling with the passengers' families, most of them probably slaves or bonded servants from India. Domingo's single Portuguese name suggests a man from Goa or another Portuguese settlement. Dick Nottingham had evidently been given the ship's name as his surname. Families returning from India commonly brought such servants with them to look after their children on the voyage.

319

315

1773

Sedgwick Wetherell Serjeant and John Dailey

Private this Day Petitioned for their Discharge from the Garrison having served

the Honorable Company their Contracted time.

Granted.

Bought on Account of the Honorable Company of

Captain Peter Meakes Forty Cape Sheep as p the following Bill for the

Payment whereof we have given him Certificate

The Honorable East India Company Dr.

To Captain Peter Meakes

1773 Feby. 1st For 40 Cape Sheep @ 12/

£ 24

Received the Contents by Certificate

for Captn. Meakes

(Signed)

Samuel Whitwood

We this Day Granted the two following Sets of Bills of

Exchange drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors viz.

One Set to Mr. Matthew Parling for Six hundred pounds

payable to John Parling Esqr. (or Order)

And one Set to Mr. James Williamson for Four

hundred pounds payable to Mr. James Farquharson (or Order) Both at

ninety Days sight

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

Sergeant Sedgwick Witherall and Private John Dailey petitioned for their discharge from the garrison, since both had served the full term of their contracts with the Company. The Council granted it.

The Council bought 40 Cape sheep for the Company from Captain Peter Meakes of the Nottingham. It paid him by certificate rather than in cash, against the following bill dated 1 February 1773.

Cape sheep, 40 at 12s, £24 0s 0d

Samuel Whitwood, the ship's purser, signed for receipt of the certificate on Captain Meakes's behalf.

The Council also granted two sets of bills of exchange on the Court of Directors, both payable at 90 days' sight. One set went to Matthew Purling for £600 0s 0d, payable to John Purling or his order. The other went to James Williamson for £400 0s 0d, payable to James Farquharson or his order. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The Council passed over the ordinary course of paying Captain Meakes in coin for his sheep and gave him a certificate instead. A certificate was a voucher that the commander could present to the Company in London for payment. The choice reflects the steady drain on the island's cash, which had fallen to £8,780 3s 8½d by the end of December 1772. Paying a Company commander by certificate cost nothing on the island and left the settlement to be made in London, where the Company's funds were plentiful. Cape sheep were the hardy fat-tailed breed of southern Africa, bought cheaply at the Cape and carried live to stock the island's flocks and supply fresh mutton.

The two sets of bills turned £1,000 of cash in the island's treasury into credit payable in London. Matthew Purling, a member of the Council, remitted £600 0s 0d to John Purling, probably a kinsman acting as his agent at home. James Williamson, the first mate of the Nottingham, remitted £400 0s 0d to James Farquharson, perhaps the proceeds of private trade he had sold at the island. Each paid the cash into the chest, which helped to stem its decline, while the Court honoured the bills in London 90 days after they were presented.

320

316

8th February

At a Consultation held on Monday the 8th day of February 1773 at the

Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved & signed dated the 1st February

1773

Monday the 1st Passed by Three Ships at a great Distance

Do. Do. Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Nottingham for

England

The Executor to the last Will and Testament of

Martha Beale Deceased this Day produced the said Will desiring

the same might be proved which was accordingly done upon the Oaths

of the Witnesses thereto. The Will is as follows

In the Name of God Amen

I Martha Beale of the Island of St. Helena Widow

being of sound and perfect mind and memory Praise be therefore

given to Almighty God, Do make and ordain this my present last

Will and Testament in manner following (that is to say) First

and Principally I commend my Soul into the Hands of Almighty

God, hoping thro' the merits Death and passion of my Saviour Jesus

Christ to have full and free pardon and forgiveness of all my Sins

and to inherit everlasting Life. And my Body I commit to the Earth

to be decently Buried at the discretion of my Executor herein after

named. And as to all such temporal Estate as it hath pleased God to

bestow upon me I give and dispose thereof as followeth.

First I will that all my Just Debts and Funeral Charges be paid

and discharged.

Item. I give unto my Grand daughter Elizth. Kirkpatrick Six

Silver Table Spoons marked RBM

Item. I give unto my Grand Daughter Eleanor Beale one Silver

Soup spoon.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 8 February 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 1 February.

Three ships passed the island at a great distance on Monday 1 February. The Company's ship Nottingham sailed for England the same day.

The executor of Martha Beale, who had died on 24 December 1772, presented her will to the Council and asked for it to be proved. The witnesses swore to it on oath, and the Council admitted it to probate. The will was entered as follows.

Martha Beale, a widow of St Helena, made her will while of sound mind and memory. She commended her soul to God and trusted in the merits of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of her sins and eternal life. She asked to be decently buried at her executor's discretion. She directed that her just debts and funeral expenses should be paid first.

She left her granddaughter Elizabeth Kirkpatrick six silver tablespoons marked with the initials R, B and M. She left her granddaughter Eleanor Beale a silver soup spoon.

Interpretations

The marking of the tablespoons followed a common English convention for household silver. The initial of the family surname was set above or between the initials of the husband's and wife's first names. Here the B stood for Beale and the M for Martha, while the R was probably her late husband's initial. The spoons were therefore a set made or engraved for the couple's household, perhaps at their marriage. Martha Beale passed them to a granddaughter as a family heirloom, and silver of this kind was among the few durable and valuable goods a widow on the island could leave.

321

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1773

Item. I give unto my Grand Daughter Ann Bazett twelve silver Tea

Spoons, a pair of Silver Tongs and Strainer.

Item. I give unto my Grand Son Richard Doveton the Son of Mr. Isaac

Doveton one Silver Mug.

And I further give unto each of the above mentioned Legatees my Grand

Children who are likewise my God Children such Sum or Sums of Money

as together with the Legacy by me already given to each of them respectively

shall amount to the Sum and Value of twenty five Pounds. and my Will

and meaning herein is that the sd. Legacies shall be estimated according to

the Valuation thereof made after the Decease of my Husband the late Richd.

Beale, and that according to such Estimate the sd. respective Legacies may be

ascertained at twenty five Pounds to each of them as before mentioned. And

I further Direct that the abovementioned Legacies or that part thereof which

is to be paid in Cash shall be paid to each of them respectively at a proper

reasonable, and sufficient time after my Decease by my Executor herein after

mentioned.

Item. I give unto Emelia Bagley Daughter of the late Orlando Bagley

and God daughter of my Son the late Anthony Beale Deceased one Horse

or Four pounds in Lieu thereof.

Item. I give unto my Brother in Law Mr. Saml. Alexander, and unto

my Sister Mary the Wife of the sd. Samuel a Guinea each to buy Mourning

Rings.

As I have given my Word to my Son in Law Matthew Bazett Esqr. that

at my Decease he may (if he shall so choose it) have my Boy Slave

named Stephen for the Sum of twenty seven Pounds being the price he was

bought at. I therefore hereby Direct that the sd. Matt. Bazett shall have the

sd. Boy Slave, he paying to my Son Richard Beale the above sum of twenty

seven pounds for the sd. Boy Slave. But in case of his Refusal the sd. Boy Slave

named Stephen I give unto my Son the sd. Richard Beale.

Item. I give my Woman Slave named Bess to Mr. Isaac Doveton

should she the sd. Bess chuse to live with him, he paying for her to my Son the

sd. Richd. Beale, according to the Valuation made after my late Husband's

decease, otherwise she to be and remain the property of my Son the sd. Richd.

Beale.

Lastly. All the Rest and Residue of my Estate both real and

personal of what kind soever and wheresoever, I do give devise and

bequeath unto my Son the sd. Richard Beale full and sole Executor of this

my last Will and Testament. And I do hereby revoke and make void all

former Wills by me heretofore made, Declaring this to be my last Will and

Testament

Martha Beale's will went on to leave her granddaughter Ann Bazett 12 silver teaspoons, a pair of silver tongs and a strainer. Her grandson Richard Doveton, son of Isaac Doveton, was to receive a silver mug.

Each of these grandchildren was also her godchild. She left each of them a further sum of money large enough to bring their total legacy to £25. The silver was to be valued according to the appraisal made after the death of her husband, the late Richard Beale. The cash part of each legacy was to be paid by her executor within a reasonable time after her death.

She left Emelia Bagley, daughter of the late Orlando Bagley and granddaughter of her late son Anthony Beale, a horse or £4 in its place. Her brother-in-law Samuel Alexander and her sister Mary, his wife, were each to receive a guinea to buy mourning rings.

She had promised her son-in-law Matthew Bazett that he could have her slave boy Stephen after her death if he wished. The price was to be £27, the sum she had paid for the boy. She therefore directed that Bazett should have Stephen on paying £27 to her son Richard Beale. If Bazett declined, Stephen was to pass to Richard Beale.

She left her slave woman Sue to Isaac Doveton, provided Sue chose to live with him. Doveton was to pay Richard Beale for her at the value set after her husband's death. If Sue did not choose to go to him, she was to remain Richard Beale's property.

She left the rest of her estate, real and personal, to her son Richard Beale and appointed him sole executor. She revoked all earlier wills and declared this to be her last.

Interpretations

Martha Beale passed over the usual course of simply bequeathing her slave woman to a named heir. She made the transfer of Sue to Isaac Doveton depend on Sue's own choice to live with him. Slaves on St Helena had no legal say in their sale or inheritance. A testator who gave one this kind of option was probably recognising a settled attachment, perhaps to Doveton's household, where Sue may already have been working or have had family. The clause still protected the estate's value: whichever way Sue chose, Richard Beale received either the woman or her price.

The bequest of Stephen at his original purchase price was a favour to Matthew Bazett. A boy bought young rose in value as he grew into a working man, so selling him at cost passed the gain to Bazett rather than to the estate. The will also shows how closely the island's leading families were bound together. Bazett, a member of Council, was Martha Beale's son-in-law. Isaac Doveton's son was her grandson, and Samuel Alexander, the Company's gunner, was her brother-in-law. Her granddaughter Emelia Bagley was the child of Elizabeth Bagley, who had died on 6 November 1772.

322

318

8th February

Testament. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my Hand and

Seal this Fifth day of August in the Year of our Lord one thousand

seven hundred and seventy two, and in the twelfth Year of the Reign of

our Sovereign Lord George the Third of Great Britain France and

Ireland King

Signed Sealed published and

declared by the above named

Martha Beale to be her last Will

and Testament in the presence

of Us

(Signed)

Solm. St. Maurice

R. Gibson

Phill. Mahony

(Signed)

Martha Beale

The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards

Accounts for the Month of January last, were this day laid before Us,

which were examined, approved of, and are as follow viz.

Artillery Stores Expended in Jany. 1773

Guns Fired, 9 Prs., 6 Prs., 4 Prs., 3 Prs., Powder Expended lb oz

26th An Alarm: Guns Fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb oz 14 . 8

Arrived the Nottingham: Guns Fired 9, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb oz 13 . 8

An Alarm for a Ship Passing by: Guns Fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb oz 14 . 8

Powder for Sundry Services: Guns Fired 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb oz 221 . 4

Total: Guns Fired 21, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 8, 3 Prs. 4, Powder Expended lb oz 263 . 12

Lead Ball

lb oz 8 . 8

Tallow

30 -

Bees Wax

1 -

Match

26 -

Junk

224 -

Paper

12½ Quires

Spunge Heads

4 Prs. No. 7

Sheep Skins

1

Priming Wires

40

(Signed)

James Tippet Captn. of Artillery

Martha Beale signed and sealed her will on 5 August 1772, in the twelfth year of the reign of George III. She declared it to be her last will in the presence of three witnesses, Solomon St Maurice, R Gillson and Philip Mahony.

The accounts of artillery stores and of the steward for January 1773 were laid before the Council, which examined and approved them.

The artillery stores used in January 1773 were as follows.

26 January, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

Arrival of the Nottingham: 9 guns fired, 5 nine-pounders, 4 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

Alarm for a ship passing: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

Powder for various services, 221 lb 4 oz

Total: 21 guns fired, 5 nine-pounders, 4 six-pounders, 8 four-pounders, 4 three-pounders, 263 lb 12 oz of powder

Lead ball, 8 lb 8 oz

Tallow, 30 lb

Beeswax, 1 lb

Match, 26 lb

Junk for wads, 224 lb

Paper, 12½ quires

Sponge heads, 4

Sheepskin, 1

Trunk nails, 50

James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery.

Interpretations

The alarms were fired from the light four-pounders and three-pounders at the signal posts, not from the sea batteries. A sail sighted from the heights set off a fixed signal of guns that warned Jamestown and called the garrison to its posts until the ship was identified. The Nottingham was first reported this way on 26 January, before she came into the roads and was saluted from the heavier guns. A second alarm was raised for a ship that passed without calling, matching the vessel seen at a great distance on 30 January. Each alarm cost almost as much powder as a full salute, but the Council treated every unknown sail as a possible enemy until proved otherwise.

323

319

1773

Sundry's Expended at the Honorable Company's Table

in January 1773.

44 Bottles Madeira

4 . 8 -

11 Do. Port

16 . 6

24 Do. Lisbon

1 . 16 -

20 Do. Mountain

1 . 10 -

27 Do. Vidonea

15 . 2¼

59 Do. Beer

11 . 3¼

17½ Galls. Arrack

2 . 12 . 6

lb 253½ Beef

3 . 3 . 5½

169 Mutton

2 . 10 . 5

4 Turkeys

1 -

12 Fowls

18

92 Candy

2 . 3

518 Flour

4 . 6 . 4

1 Lamb

10

5 Kids

1 . 5

8 Goats

4 . .

Bought for the Table

10 Turkeys

2 . 10

32 Fowls

2 . 8 -

19 Ducks

1 . 8 . 6

1 Goose

5

2 Pigs

10

lb 186½ Beef

3 . 15 . 1½

£ 43 . 2 . 3¼

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

The provisions consumed at the Company's table in January 1773 were as follows.

Madeira, 44 bottles, £4 8s 0d

Port, 11 bottles, £0 16s 6d

Lisbon wine, 24 bottles, £1 16s 0d

Mountain wine, 20 bottles, £1 10s 0d

Vidonia, 27 bottles, £0 15s 2¼d

Beer, 59 bottles, £0 11s 0¾d

Arrack, 17½ gallons, £2 12s 6d

Beef, 253½ lb, £3 3s 5½d

Mutton, 119 lb, £2 10s 5d

Turkeys, 4, £1 0s 0d

Fowls, 12, £0 18s 0d

Sugar candy, 92 lb, £2 3s 0d

Flour, 518 lb, £4 6s 4d

Lamb, 1, £0 10s 0d

Kids, 5, £1 5s 0d

Goats, 8, £4 0s 0d

Turkeys bought for the table, 10, £2 10s 0d

Fowls bought for the table, 32, £2 8s 0d

Ducks bought for the table, 19, £1 8s 6d

Goose bought for the table, 1, £0 5s 0d

Pigs bought for the table, 2, £0 10s 0d

Beef bought for the table, 180½ lb, £3 15s 1½d

Total, £43 2s 0¾d

Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the accounts.

Interpretations

The table cost £43 2s 0¾d in January, against about £30 in each of November and December 1772. The rise came with the arrival of the Nottingham on 26 January, which brought Colonel Hart, several army lieutenants, John Andrews, Peter Mariot and other passengers from Madras. Entertaining passengers of rank from the homeward ships was one of the main purposes of the Company's table. The extra turkeys, ducks and goats bought in that month reflect the dinners given during the ship's week in the roads.

324

320

15th February

At a Consultation held on Monday the 15th day of February 1773

at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved & signed dated the 8th Feby.

1773

This Day Arrived the Honble. Company's Snow Success from

Bengal (last from the Cape)

Mrs. Elizabeth Powell, Messrs. Henry Bazett

Richard Bagley and Benjamin Mason this day presented the

following Petition

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Govr.

&c. Council

The humble Petition of Elizh. Powell Henry Bazett

Richard Bagley and Benjamin Mason

Sheweth

That your Petitioners having a Mortgage Bond

from Lieut. Richard Powell, are desirous of having the same Registered

so that your Worships and Council will permit them so to do, and your

Petitioners will ever pray

Granted

James Walter Corporal this day Petitioned for his

Discharge from the Garrison having served the Honble. Company his

Contracted time.

Granted

Counted and Examined the Honble. Companys

Cash for the Month of January last, which is as follows

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 15 February 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 8 February.

The Company's snow Lapwing arrived that day from Bengal, having called last at the Cape.

Elizabeth Powell, Henry Bazett, Richard Bagley and Benjamin Mason presented a petition to the Governor and Council. They held a mortgage bond given by Lieutenant Richard Powell and asked permission to have it registered. The Council granted the request.

James Waller, a corporal, petitioned for his discharge from the garrison, since he had served the full term of his contract with the Company. The Council granted it.

The Company's cash for January was then counted and examined, with the following result.

Interpretations

Registering a mortgage bond with the Council made the debt a matter of public record. It gave the lenders a claim on Lieutenant Powell's land or goods that later creditors could not override, and it warned anyone dealing with him that the property was already pledged. On an island where almost every officer and planter borrowed from his neighbours, the Council's register served the same purpose as a deeds registry in England. Several lenders joining in one bond spread the risk of a large loan among them. A snow was a two-masted vessel rigged much like a brig, which the Company used for smaller voyages and despatches between its settlements.

325

321

1773

Cash Dr. Per Contra Cr.

1773 Janry. 1st To Balance Remaining

£ 8780 . 3 . 8½

£ 8780 . 3 . 8½

1773 Janry. 31st By Balance Remaining viz.

In Specie

£ 8240 . 8 . 8½

In Cash Notes

539 . 15 -

£ 8780 . 3 . 8½

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

The Company's cash account for January 1773 showed no movement during the month.

Receipts

Balance in hand on 1 January, £8,780 3s 8½d

Payments

Balance in hand on 31 January in coin, £8,240 8s 8½d

Balance in hand on 31 January in cash notes, £539 15s 0d

Balance in hand, total, £8,780 3s 8½d

Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the account.

Interpretations

Nothing was paid into or out of the chest in January, as in November 1772. The month fell between quarter days, when the storekeeper paid in his takings and the paymaster drew his advance. The only ship to call, the Nottingham, arrived on 26 January. The bills of exchange sold to Matthew Purling and James Williamson and the sheep bought from Captain Meakes were all settled on 1 February, so none of them touched the January account.

326

322

22d. February

At a Consultation held on Monday the 22d. day of February 1773

at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved & signed dated the 15th

February 1773

Tuesday the 16 Sailed the Honble. Company's Snow Success for

England

Friday the 19th Passed by Six Ships under Dutch Colours

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Monday the 1st day of March 1773

at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Parling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett

absent being Sick

The last Consultation was read approved & signed dated the 22d. Feby.

1773

Wednesday the 24th Feby. Died Martha Scott

Friday the 26 Do. Do. Elizabeth Desfountain Widow

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 22 February 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 15 February.

The Company's snow Lapwing sailed for England on Tuesday 16 February. Six ships under Dutch colours passed the island on Friday 19 February. The Governor, Corneille, Purling and Bazett signed the minutes.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 1 March 1773. The Governor presided, with Corneille and Purling present. Matthew Bazett was absent through sickness. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 22 February.

Martha Scott died on Wednesday 24 February. Elizabeth Desfountain, a widow, died on Friday 26 February. The Governor, Corneille, Purling and Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The six Dutch ships were almost certainly the Dutch East India Company's homeward fleet from Batavia. They sailed together for protection and had already refreshed at their own colony at the Cape. They therefore had no need to call at St Helena and passed it at sea. Ships that kept their distance in this way still had to be watched and reported from the signal posts, since a squadron under friendly colours could not be known for certain until it was clearly out of sight.

327

323

8th March

At a Consultation held on Monday the 8th day of March 1773 at the

Castle

Present Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Parling of Council

Mr. Matthew Bazett

absent being sick

The last Consultation was read approved & signed dated the 1st March 1773

The Governor this day directed the following Letter to the

Board viz.

To Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor &c.

Council

Gentlemen

I have been so much indisposed since Yesterday

which prevents my attending at Council to day

I am

Gentlemen

Your most Obedt. Hble. Servant

(Signed)

John Skottowe

The Expence of Artillery Stores and

Stewards Accounts for the Month of February last, were this day laid before

Us, which were examined, approved of, and are as follow

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 8 March 1773. Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille presided, with Matthew Purling present. Matthew Bazett was absent through sickness. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 1 March.

Governor Skottowe sent a letter to Corneille and the Council. He reported that he had been unwell since the previous day and could not attend the meeting.

The accounts of artillery stores and of the steward for February were laid before the Council, which examined and approved them. They were entered as follows.

328

324

8th March

Artillery Stores expended in February 1773

Guns Fired, 9 Prs., 6 Prs., 4 Prs., 3 Prs., Powder Expended lb oz

1st An Alarm for 4 Ships Passing by: Guns Fired 11, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 8, 3 Prs. 3, Powder Expended lb oz 21 -

9th Departed the Nottingham: Guns Fired 9, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 9, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb oz 14 -

15th An Alarm: Guns Fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, Powder Expended lb oz 14 . 8

Arrived the Success: Guns Fired 9, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb oz 13 . 8

16th Departed Do.: Guns Fired 9, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb oz 13 . 8

19th An Alarm for 6 Ships Passing by: Guns Fired 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, Powder Expended lb oz 180 -

Total: Guns Fired 59, 9 Prs. 10, 6 Prs. 17, 4 Prs. 24, 3 Prs. 8, Powder Expended lb oz 285 -

Lead Ball to Shoot Goats

lb oz 4 . 8

Tallow for the New Church

4 -

Bees Wax for Do.

6 -

Handspikes

No. 6

Sheep Skins for Spunges

1

Spunge Nails for Do.

30

Rammer Heads

1

Axletrees

1

Tanned Sheep Skins for the Carpenters

2

(Signed)

James Tippet Captn. of

Artillery

Sundry's Expended at the Honorable Company's Table

in February 1773

40 Bottles Madeira

4

10 Do. Vidonea

5 . 7½

11 Do. Port

16 . 6

24 Do. Lisbon

1 . 16

20 Do. Mountain

1 . 10

49 Do. Beer

9 . 2¼

12 Galls. Arrack

1 . 16

Carried Over

£ 10 . 13 . 3¾

The artillery stores used in February 1773 were as follows.

1 February, alarm for 4 ships passing: 11 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 8 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, 21 lb 0 oz of powder

1 February, departure of the Nottingham: 9 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 9 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 14 lb 0 oz of powder

15 February, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

Arrival of the Lapwing: 9 guns fired, 5 nine-pounders, 4 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

16 February, departure of the Lapwing: 9 guns fired, 5 nine-pounders, 4 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

19 February, alarm for 6 ships passing: 0 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 180 lb 0 oz of powder

Total: 59 guns fired, 10 nine-pounders, 17 six-pounders, 24 four-pounders, 8 three-pounders, 285 lb 0 oz of powder

Lead ball for shooting goats, 4 lb 8 oz

Tallow for the new church, 4 lb

Beeswax for the new church, 6 lb

Handspikes, 6

Sheepskin for sponges, 1

Trunk nails for sponges, 30

Rammer head, 1

Axletree, 1

Tanned sheepskins for the carpenters, 2

James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery.

The provisions consumed at the Company's table in February 1773 began as follows.

Madeira, 40 bottles, £4 0s 0d

Vidonia, 10 bottles, £0 5s 7½d

Port, 11 bottles, £0 16s 6d

Lisbon wine, 24 bottles, £1 16s 0d

Mountain wine, 20 bottles, £1 10s 0d

Beer, 49 bottles, £0 9s 2¼d

Arrack, 12 gallons, £1 16s 0d

Carried forward, £10 13s 3¾d

Interpretations

The alarms of 1 and 19 February answered the two groups of ships that passed the island without calling. The four ships on 1 February came on the same day the Nottingham sailed. The six on 19 February were the Dutch homeward fleet recorded in the Council's minutes of 22 February. The guns fired for that alarm were left blank in the account, though 180 lb of powder was charged against it. Every strange sail brought the signal posts and batteries to readiness at real cost in powder, even when the ships proved friendly and never came near.

329

325

1773

Brought Over

£ 10 . 13 . 3¾

lb 290 Mutton

6 - . 10

3 Turkeys

15 -

6 Fowls

9 -

4 Ducks

6 -

lb 83 Candy

2 . 1 . 6

lb 516 Flour

4 . 6 -

1 Kid

5 -

Bought for the Table

lb 185 Beef

3 . 17 . 1

lb 37¾ Turtle

15 . 8¾

6 Turkeys

1 . 10 -

32 Fowls

2 . 8 -

4 Ducks

6 -

1 Pig

5 -

£ 33 . 18 . 5½

Danl. Corneille

Parling

The provisions consumed at the Company's table in February 1773 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £10 13s 3¾d

Mutton, 290 lb, £6 0s 10d

Turkeys, 3, £0 15s 0d

Fowls, 6, £0 9s 0d

Ducks, 4, £0 6s 0d

Sugar candy, 83 lb, £2 1s 6d

Flour, 516 lb, £4 6s 0d

Kid, 1, £0 5s 0d

Beef bought for the table, 185 lb, £3 17s 1d

Turtle bought for the table, 37¾ lb, £0 15s 8¾d

Turkeys bought for the table, 6, £1 10s 0d

Fowls bought for the table, 32, £2 8s 0d

Ducks bought for the table, 4, £0 6s 0d

Pig bought for the table, 1, £0 5s 0d

Total, £33 18s 5½d

Daniel Corneille and Matthew Purling signed the accounts.

Interpretations

Only Corneille and Purling signed, because Governor Skottowe and Matthew Bazett were both ill. The Council's business continued with two members rather than waiting for the others to recover, and its accounts were approved on their signatures alone. The turtle bought for the table was probably green turtle. Ships caught them on Ascension Island, where they came ashore to lay eggs between December and May, and carried them alive to St Helena. Turtle soup and turtle meat were prized delicacies in the eighteenth century, and at about 5d a pound this was a cheap luxury for the Company's guests.

330

326

15th March

At a Consultation held on Monday the 15th day of March 1773

at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved & signed dated the 8th March

1773

Wednesday the 9th Died Mrs. Margaret Alock Widow

Thursday the 11th Arrived the Gatton's Boat at Banks's at half an

hour past six o'Clock in the Morning

Do. Do. Do. The Havannah's Boat at Banks's at half

an hour past nine o'Clock in the Morning

Do. Do. Do. The London's Boat at Banks's at half an

hour past twelve in the Afternoon

Do. Do. Do. The Honble. Company's Ships Gatton

Havannah, and London from China

Do. Do. Do. A Danes Ship from China called the

Fredensborg Captn. Holm burthen 800

Tons carrys 26 Guns and 160 Men laden

with Tea China Ware & Silk bound to

Copenhagen

Saturday the 13th Do. The Osterleys Boat at Banks's at half an

hour past eight o'Clock in the Morning

Do. Do. Do. The Honble. Company's Ship Osterley

from China (last from the Cape)

Yesterday Do. The Granbys Boat at Banks's at seven

o'Clock in the Evening

Do. Do. The Honble. Companys Ship Granby from

China (last from the Cape)

The Ships Gatton, Havannah, London Osterley

and Granby brought Us the following Supply's viz.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 15 March 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 8 March.

Margaret Alcock, a widow, died on Wednesday 10 March.

On Thursday 11 March boats from three of the Company's ships landed at Banks's. The Gatton's boat came in at half past six in the morning, the Havannah's at half past nine and the London's at half past twelve in the afternoon. The three ships arrived the same day from China. A Danish ship from China, the Fredensborg, also arrived that day under Captain Holm. She was of 800 tons, carried 26 guns and a crew of 160, and was bound for Copenhagen with tea, chinaware and silk.

On Saturday 13 March the Osterley's boat landed at Banks's at half past eight in the morning, and the Company's ship Osterley arrived from China, having called last at the Cape. On Sunday 14 March the Granby's boat landed at Banks's at seven in the evening, and the Company's ship Granby arrived from China, also by way of the Cape.

The Gatton, Havannah, London, Osterley and Granby brought the island the following supplies.

Interpretations

The Council recorded the Fredensborg's tonnage, guns, crew, cargo and destination in detail, which it did not do for the Company's own ships. A foreign East Indiaman was a commercial rival and, in time of war, a potential enemy. Noting her strength and lading gave the Court in London intelligence on the Danish Asiatic Company's trade at Canton, which competed directly with the English for tea. Denmark was neutral and at peace with Britain, so the Council allowed the ship to refresh at the island. It still kept an exact record of what she was.

The five Company ships from China arrived within four days of one another. They formed the main homeward fleet of the season, and their presence filled the roads with more than 500 seamen and passengers needing water, fresh food and stores.

331

327

1773

Invoice of Ship Gatton

30 Chests of Sugar

No. 91 30 298

92 30 298

93 32 321

94 32 324

95 27 293

96 29 303

97 29 302

98 30 302

99 27 296

100 29 298

291 2995

111 29 298

112 32 321

113 29 321

114 31 321

115 34 324

116 30 321

117 29 302

118 30 324

119 33 324

120 30 301

307 3017

291 2995

301 2999

899 9011

Tare 899

8112 lb Pecul 60 . 84 @ S. 4 . 500 Tales 273 . 7 . 8

No. 101 31 301

102 27 298

103 27 297

104 33 303

105 31 293

106 29 297

107 33 302

108 31 302

109 27 299

110 32 307

301 2999

Errors Excepted

(Signed)

Matthw. Raper Junr.

John Bradby Blake

James Bradshaw

Wm. W. Pigou

Geo. Rogers

Alexr. Hume

Edw. Phipps

Fras. Wood Junr.

Wm. Rous

Thos. Moreau

Wm. Harrison

The invoice of the Gatton listed 30 chests of sugar, each with its tare and gross weight in catties.

Chest 91, tare 29 catties, gross 298 catties

Chest 92, tare 29 catties, gross 298 catties

Chest 93, tare 32 catties, gross 301 catties

Chest 94, tare 32 catties, gross 304 catties

Chest 95, tare 27 catties, gross 293 catties

Chest 96, tare 29 catties, gross 303 catties

Chest 97, tare 29 catties, gross 302 catties

Chest 98, tare 30 catties, gross 302 catties

Chest 99, tare 27 catties, gross 296 catties

Chest 100, tare 29 catties, gross 298 catties

Chests 91 to 100, tare 291 catties, gross 2,995 catties

Chest 101, tare 31 catties, gross 301 catties

Chest 102, tare 27 catties, gross 298 catties

Chest 103, tare 27 catties, gross 297 catties

Chest 104, tare 33 catties, gross 303 catties

Chest 105, tare 31 catties, gross 293 catties

Chest 106, tare 29 catties, gross 297 catties

Chest 107, tare 33 catties, gross 302 catties

Chest 108, tare 31 catties, gross 302 catties

Chest 109, tare 27 catties, gross 299 catties

Chest 110, tare 32 catties, gross 307 catties

Chests 101 to 110, tare 301 catties, gross 2,999 catties

Chest 111, tare 29 catties, gross 298 catties

Chest 112, tare 32 catties, gross 301 catties

Chest 113, tare 29 catties, gross 301 catties

Chest 114, tare 31 catties, gross 301 catties

Chest 115, tare 34 catties, gross 304 catties

Chest 116, tare 30 catties, gross 301 catties

Chest 117, tare 29 catties, gross 302 catties

Chest 118, tare 30 catties, gross 304 catties

Chest 119, tare 33 catties, gross 304 catties

Chest 120, tare 30 catties, gross 301 catties

Chests 111 to 120, tare 307 catties, gross 3,017 catties

30 chests, tare 899 catties, gross 9,011 catties

Sugar, net 8,112 catties, equal to 81 piculs 12 catties, at [...] a picul, two hundred and seventy-three taels, seven mace and eight candareens

The invoice was signed, with the usual reservation of errors, by Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, William H. Pigou, George Rogers, Alexander Hume, Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior, William Rous, Thomas Bevan and William Harrison.

Interpretations

The signatories were the Company's supercargoes at Canton, the merchants who bought the tea and other cargo for the China ships. They also bought the island's sugar there and invoiced it in Chinese measures and money. A picul was the load a man could carry on a shoulder pole, fixed at 100 catties, about 133 lb, so each chest held roughly 360 lb of sugar. The tael was the Chinese ounce of silver used as money of account, divided into ten mace, each of ten candareens. Every chest was weighed and its wooden case deducted separately, so that the Council could check the net sugar received against the invoice on landing. China sugar was cheap and was often loaded in the bottom of the hold as heavy cargo beneath the tea.

332

328

15th March

Invoice of Ship Havannah

27 Chests of Sugar

No. 121 32 296

122 35 300

123 28 294

124 29 283

125 30 293

126 31 299

127 29 296

128 29 292

129 28 295

130 28 291

299 2939

No. 141 31 296

142 29 293

143 31 296

144 31 296

145 30 294

146 28 294

147 33 291

213 2066

299 2939

297 2948

809 7953

Tare 809

7144 lb Pecul 53 . 58 @ S. 4500 Tales 241 . 1 . 1 . 0

No. 131 30 295

132 30 296

133 29 295

134 30 293

135 28 293

136 32 298

137 30 293

138 27 293

139 31 296

140 30 294

297 2948

Errors Excepted

(Signed)

Matthw. Raper

John Bradby Blake

James Bradshaw

Wm. Henry Pigou

Geo. Rogers

Alexr. Hume

Edw. Phipps

Fras. Wood Junr.

Wm. Rous

Thos. Bevan

Wm. Harrison

The invoice of the Havannah listed 27 chests of sugar, each with its tare and gross weight in pounds.

Chest 121, tare 32 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 122, tare 35 lb, gross 300 lb

Chest 123, tare 28 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 124, tare 29 lb, gross 283 lb

Chest 125, tare 30 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 126, tare 31 lb, gross 299 lb

Chest 127, tare 29 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 128, tare 29 lb, gross 292 lb

Chest 129, tare 28 lb, gross 295 lb

Chest 130, tare 28 lb, gross 291 lb

Chests 121 to 130, tare 299 lb, gross 2,939 lb

Chest 131, tare 30 lb, gross 295 lb

Chest 132, tare 30 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 133, tare 29 lb, gross 295 lb

Chest 134, tare 30 lb, gross 295 lb

Chest 135, tare 28 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 136, tare 32 lb, gross 298 lb

Chest 137, tare 30 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 138, tare 27 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 139, tare 31 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 140, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb

Chests 131 to 140, tare 297 lb, gross 2,948 lb

Chest 141, tare 31 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 142, tare 29 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 143, tare 31 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 144, tare 31 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 145, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 146, tare 28 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 147, tare 33 lb, gross 291 lb

Chests 141 to 147, tare 213 lb, gross 2,066 lb

27 chests, tare 809 lb, gross 7,953 lb

Sugar, net 7,144 lb, equal to 53.58 piculs, at four taels and five mace a picul, two hundred and forty-one taels, one mace and one candareen

The invoice was signed, with the usual reservation of errors, by Matthew Raper, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, William Henry Pigou, George Rogers, Alexander Hume, Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior, William Rous, Thomas Bevan and William Harrison.

Interpretations

The supercargoes weighed the chests in English pounds and converted the net weight into piculs of 133⅓ lb to price it at the Canton rate. At four taels and five mace a picul, with the tael worth about 6s 8d, the sugar cost the Company roughly 2¾d a pound before freight. Sugar from the West Indies sold in London at more than twice that price. Buying the island's sugar at Canton and carrying it on the homeward China ships, which had to call at St Helena in any case, was therefore far cheaper than shipping it out from England.

333

329

1773

Invoice of Ship London

4 Boxes China Ware Blue & White

Contg. 20 Table Sets Octagn. of 37 Ps. ea. @ T. M. 3 . 9

T. 78 -

10 Tureens 1

10 -

88

Discot. 2 p Cent

1 . 7 . 6

86 . 2 . 4 . 0

No. 1 Dishes 1st size 20

Do. 2 Do. 20

Do. 3 Do. 20

Do. 4 Do. 20

Do. 5 Do. 20

Plates 37

2 Soup Plates 240

Plates 10

3 Plates 307

4 Plates 43

Tureens 10

Tops 10

Tureen Dishes 10

30 Chests of Sugar

No. 31 30 294

32 32 294

33 30 293

34 28 294

35 29 295

36 30 293

37 32 296

38 29 293

39 29 294

40 28 291

297 2937

No. 41 29 292

42 27 288

43 30 294

44 28 290

45 30 294

46 31 296

47 31 296

48 31 294

49 30 294

50 31 294

298 2932

The invoice of the London listed four boxes of blue and white chinaware.

Octagonal table sets of 37 pieces each, 20 sets at three taels and nine mace a set, seventy-eight taels

Tureens, 10 at one tael each, ten taels

China, total, eighty-eight taels

Less discount of 2%, one tael, seven mace and six candareens

China, net, eighty-six taels, two mace and four candareens

The boxes were packed as follows.

Box 1: dishes of the first size, 20

Box 1: dishes of the second size, 20

Box 1: dishes of the third size, 20

Box 1: dishes of the fourth size, 20

Box 1: dishes of the fifth size, 20

Box 1: plates, 37

Box 2: soup plates, 240

Box 2: plates, 10

Box 3: plates, 307

Box 4: plates, 43

Box 4: tureens, 10

Box 4: tureen lids, 10

Box 4: tureen dishes, 10

The invoice also listed 30 chests of sugar, each with its tare and gross weight in pounds.

Chest 31, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 32, tare 32 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 33, tare 30 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 34, tare 28 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 35, tare 29 lb, gross 295 lb

Chest 36, tare 30 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 37, tare 32 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 38, tare 29 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 39, tare 29 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 40, tare 28 lb, gross 291 lb

Chests 31 to 40, tare 297 lb, gross 2,937 lb

Chest 41, tare 29 lb, gross 292 lb

Chest 42, tare 27 lb, gross 288 lb

Chest 43, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 44, tare 28 lb, gross 290 lb

Chest 45, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 46, tare 31 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 47, tare 31 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 48, tare 31 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 49, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 50, tare 31 lb, gross 294 lb

Chests 41 to 50, tare 298 lb, gross 2,932 lb

Interpretations

The 20 octagonal table sets made up 740 pieces of blue and white porcelain, a dinner service in each set, at under four taels a set. This was the standard export ware made at Jingdezhen and painted for the European market. Such sets replenished the stock the Company sold to the island's inhabitants at its warehouse, where octagonal plates, soup plates and meat dishes appeared regularly among the sales. The Canton merchants allowed the supercargoes a discount of 2% on the order, a customary deduction for prompt payment in silver.

334

330

15th March

Brought Over

86 . 2 . 4 . 0

No. 51 29 290

52 27 289

53 28 291

54 29 293

55 32 295

56 27 296

57 31 297

58 28 290

59 29 297

60 31 297

291 2935

Tare Gross

297 2937

298 2932

291 2935

886 8804

Tare 886

7918 lb Pecul 59 . 38 @ S. 4500 p Pcl. 267 . 2 . 1 . 0

Tales 353 . 4 . 5 . 0

Errors Excepted

(Signed)

Alexr. Hume

Edw. Phipps

Fras. Wood Junr.

Wm. Rous

Thos. Bevan

Wm. Harrison

Matthw. Raper

John Bradby Blake

James Bradshaw

Wm. Henry Pigou

Geo. Rogers

The invoice of the London continued with the remaining chests of sugar and closed as follows.

Brought forward, eighty-six taels, two mace and four candareens

Chest 51, tare 29 lb, gross 290 lb

Chest 52, tare 27 lb, gross 289 lb

Chest 53, tare 28 lb, gross 291 lb

Chest 54, tare 29 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 55, tare 32 lb, gross 295 lb

Chest 56, tare 27 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 57, tare 31 lb, gross 297 lb

Chest 58, tare 28 lb, gross 290 lb

Chest 59, tare 29 lb, gross 297 lb

Chest 60, tare 31 lb, gross 297 lb

Chests 51 to 60, tare 291 lb, gross 2,935 lb

Chests 31 to 40, tare 297 lb, gross 2,937 lb

Chests 41 to 50, tare 298 lb, gross 2,932 lb

Chests 51 to 60, tare 291 lb, gross 2,935 lb

30 chests, tare 886 lb, gross 8,804 lb

Sugar, net 7,918 lb, equal to 59.38 piculs, at four taels and five mace a picul, two hundred and sixty-seven taels, two mace and one candareen

Invoice, total, three hundred and fifty-three taels, four mace and five candareens

The invoice was signed, with the usual reservation of errors, by Alexander Hume, Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior, William Rous, Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, Matthew Raper, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, William Henry Pigou and George Rogers.

335

331

1773

Invoice of Ship Osterley

30 Chests of Sugar

No. 61 29 294

62 30 290

63 30 294

64 29 288

65 29 293

66 27 290

67 28 293

68 30 294

69 29 292

70 29 290

290 2918

No. 81 27 288

82 32 296

83 31 293

84 30 295

85 31 296

86 29 292

87 30 297

88 27 292

89 28 293

90 29 295

294 2937

290 2918

289 2931

873 8786

Tare 873

7913 lb Pecul 59 . 34 @ S. 4500 Tales 267 . 0 . 3 . 0

No. 71 28 293

72 28 292

73 29 290

74 31 294

75 29 296

76 28 293

77 30 293

78 29 296

79 27 288

80 30 296

289 2931

Errors Excepted

(Signed)

Matthw. Raper Junr.

John Bradby Blake

James Bradshaw

Wm. Henry Pigou

Geo. Rogers

Alexr. Hume

Edw. Phipps

Fras. Wood Junr.

Wm. Rous

Thos. Bevan

Wm. Harrison

The invoice of the Osterley listed 30 chests of sugar, each with its tare and gross weight in pounds.

Chest 61, tare 29 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 62, tare 30 lb, gross 290 lb

Chest 63, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 64, tare 29 lb, gross 288 lb

Chest 65, tare 29 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 66, tare 27 lb, gross 290 lb

Chest 67, tare 28 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 68, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 69, tare 29 lb, gross 292 lb

Chest 70, tare 29 lb, gross 290 lb

Chests 61 to 70, tare 290 lb, gross 2,918 lb

Chest 71, tare 28 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 72, tare 28 lb, gross 292 lb

Chest 73, tare 29 lb, gross 290 lb

Chest 74, tare 31 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 75, tare 29 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 76, tare 28 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 77, tare 30 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 78, tare 29 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 79, tare 27 lb, gross 288 lb

Chest 80, tare 30 lb, gross 296 lb

Chests 71 to 80, tare 289 lb, gross 2,931 lb

Chest 81, tare 27 lb, gross 288 lb

Chest 82, tare 32 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 83, tare 31 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 84, tare 30 lb, gross 295 lb

Chest 85, tare 31 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 86, tare 29 lb, gross 292 lb

Chest 87, tare 30 lb, gross 297 lb

Chest 88, tare 27 lb, gross 292 lb

Chest 89, tare 28 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 90, tare 29 lb, gross 295 lb

Chests 81 to 90, tare 294 lb, gross 2,937 lb

30 chests, tare 873 lb, gross 8,786 lb

Sugar, net 7,913 lb, equal to 59.34 piculs, at four taels and five mace a picul, two hundred and sixty-seven taels, nought mace and three candareens

The invoice was signed, with the usual reservation of errors, by Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, William Henry Pigou, George Rogers, Alexander Hume, Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior, William Rous, Thomas Bevan and William Harrison.

336

332

15th March

Invoice of Ship Granby

2 Boxes China Ware Blue & White

Contg. 20 Table Sets Octagl. of 37 Ps. ea. @ 3 . 9 p T. M.

Disct. 2 p Cent

1 . 560

76 . 4 . 4 . 0

No. 1 Dishes 1st size 20

Do. 2 Do. 20

Do. 3 Do. 20

Do. 4 Do. 20

Do. 5 Do. 20

Plates 5

2 Soup Plates 240

Plates 60

3 Plates 335

30 Chests of Sugar

No. 1 29 295

2 29 294

3 29 307

4 29 313

5 30 299

6 30 295

7 30 302

8 28 296

9 30 286

10 28 290

292 2977

11 29 296

12 35 288

13 27 294

14 32 304

15 30 293

16 29 289

17 31 294

18 29 293

19 30 294

20 30 292

303 2937

Carrd. Over 76 . 4 . 4 . 0

The invoice of the Granby listed three boxes of blue and white chinaware.

Octagonal table sets of 37 pieces each, 20 sets at three taels and nine mace a set, seventy-eight taels

Less discount of 2%, one tael, five mace and six candareens

China, net, seventy-six taels, four mace and four candareens

The boxes were packed as follows.

Box 1: dishes of the first size, 20

Box 1: dishes of the second size, 20

Box 1: dishes of the third size, 20

Box 1: dishes of the fourth size, 20

Box 1: dishes of the fifth size, 20

Box 1: plates, 5

Box 2: soup plates, 240

Box 2: plates, 60

Box 3: plates, 335

The invoice also listed 30 chests of sugar, each with its tare and gross weight in pounds.

Chest 1, tare 29 lb, gross 295 lb

Chest 2, tare 29 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 3, tare 29 lb, gross 307 lb

Chest 4, tare 29 lb, gross 313 lb

Chest 5, tare 30 lb, gross 299 lb

Chest 6, tare 30 lb, gross 295 lb

Chest 7, tare 30 lb, gross 302 lb

Chest 8, tare 28 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 9, tare 30 lb, gross 286 lb

Chest 10, tare 28 lb, gross 290 lb

Chests 1 to 10, tare 292 lb, gross 2,977 lb

Chest 11, tare 29 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 12, tare 35 lb, gross 288 lb

Chest 13, tare 27 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 14, tare 32 lb, gross 304 lb

Chest 15, tare 30 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 16, tare 29 lb, gross 289 lb

Chest 17, tare 31 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 18, tare 29 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 19, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 20, tare 30 lb, gross 292 lb

Chests 11 to 20, tare 303 lb, gross 2,937 lb

Carried forward, seventy-six taels, four mace and four candareens

Interpretations

The packing list shows how each 37-piece set was made up. The 20 sets contained 100 serving dishes in five graduated sizes, 240 soup plates and 400 flat plates. Each set therefore held five dishes, one of each size, together with 12 soup plates and 20 flat plates. This was the usual composition of a Chinese export dinner service of the period, sold without tureens unless ordered separately, as the London's invoice had done.

337

333

1773

Brought Over 76 . 4 . 4 . 0

No. 21 30 294

22 29 296

23 32 297

24 31 274

25 32 288

26 30 272

27 32 297

28 29 293

29 30 294

30 28 292

303 2889

292 2977

302 2937

303 2889

897 8803

Tare 897

7906 lb Pecul 59 . 29 @ S. 4 . 500 p Pcl. 266 . 8 . 0 . 5

Tales 343 . 2 . 4 . 5

Errors Excepted

(Signed)

Alexr. Hume

Edw. Phipps

Fras. Wood Junr.

Wm. Rous

Thos. Bevan

Wm. Harrison

Matthw. Raper

John Bradby Blake

James Bradshaw

Wm. Henry Pigou

Geo. Rogers

The invoice of the Granby continued with the remaining chests of sugar and closed as follows.

Brought forward, seventy-six taels, four mace and four candareens

Chest 21, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 22, tare 29 lb, gross 296 lb

Chest 23, tare 32 lb, gross 297 lb

Chest 24, tare 31 lb, gross 274 lb

Chest 25, tare 32 lb, gross 280 lb

Chest 26, tare 30 lb, gross 272 lb

Chest 27, tare 32 lb, gross 297 lb

Chest 28, tare 29 lb, gross 293 lb

Chest 29, tare 30 lb, gross 294 lb

Chest 30, tare 28 lb, gross 292 lb

Chests 21 to 30, tare 303 lb, gross 2,889 lb

Chests 1 to 10, tare 292 lb, gross 2,977 lb

Chests 11 to 20, tare 302 lb, gross 2,937 lb

Chests 21 to 30, tare 303 lb, gross 2,889 lb

30 chests, tare 897 lb, gross 8,803 lb

Sugar, net 7,906 lb, equal to 59.29 piculs, at four taels and five mace a picul, two hundred and sixty-six taels, eight mace, nought candareens and five cash

Invoice, total, three hundred and forty-three taels, two mace, four candareens and five cash

The invoice was signed, with the usual reservation of errors, by Alexander Hume, Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior, William Rous, Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, Matthew Raper, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, William Henry Pigou and George Rogers.

338

334

15th March

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that he

has been on board the Ships Osterley and Gatton to Muster their

Companys and enquire for Deserters but found none their Muster Rolls

are as follow viz.

Muster Roll of Ship Osterley

Saml. Fortescue Commr.

Saml. Rogers 1 Mate

Jno. Summerell 2 Do.

Philip Sharpe 3 Do.

Jno. Wilkinson 4 Do.

E. Ravenscroft 5 Do.

Jno. McIntosh 6 Do.

Griffith Thomas Surgeon

Richd. Tibbett Purser

Pet. Congreve Gunner

Thos. Hunger Carpentr.

Thos. Hendon Midship.

Wm. Rawles Do.

John Roberts Do.

Jos. Dents Do.

Stephen Martin Do.

Danl. Hasborn Qr. Mr.

Abm. Hay Do.

Jos. Mc. Clean Do.

Timothy Cunningham Do.

Robt. Tyrell Do.

Jas. Welch Do.

Edw. Gilbert Ships Stewd.

C. Turner Captns. Do.

Jos. Andrew Ships Cook

Fras. Barrow Captns. Do.

Jno. Townsend Taylor

Thos. Reed Armourer

Jno. Powell Caulker

Robt. Grantham Cooper

Jno. Humphills Sailmaker

Owen Mc. Grey Gunr. Mate

Jno. Cooper Gunr. Mate

Danl. Steel Carpr. Do.

Wm. Lendell Do. Do.

Jos. Mulcurey Boatsn. Do.

John Sandels Carpt. Do.

Saml. Watson Caulkr. Do.

Jno. Wm. Bart Seaman

Thos. Brown

John Arnoldsong

Thos. Willson

John Gatton

F. Sandland

Thos. Brown

Geo. Brown

Thos. Mills

Jno. Brown

John Watkins

Jos. Birch

Wm. Hawkins

Jos. Hudson

Jno. Burgon

Robt. Stavers

Jas. Patterson

Magnus Winkelman

Jno. Lucas

Owen Griffiths

Wm. Evans

Edw. Bevan

Wm. Dunbar

Bartlet Golden

John Moyse

Jos. Wood

Jas. Swift Seaman

Wm. Allen

John Jersey

Edw. Jameson

Robt. Bruce

Anthy. Pinto

Rene. Lovel

Jos. Johnson

Jas. Carlon

Edw. Browning

John Lucas

John Shaw

Geo. Lasells

Jos. Mc. Grace

Saml. Mc. Quin

Wm. Dawkins

Richd. Fitz Gerald

Geo. Mann

Edw. Gillett

Wm. Arrow

Geo. Harvey

Godfrey Monk

Edw. Light

Alexr. Thomson

Pet. Collins

Michl. Lawrey

Thos. Evans

Jos. Moore

Jno. Allen

Andw. Jameson

Jos. Mc. Comb

David Wishet

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Osterley and the Gatton to muster their companies and search for deserters, and had found none. The muster rolls of the two ships were entered as follows.

The muster roll of the Osterley listed the following men.

Nathaniel Fortescue, commander

Samuel Rogers, first mate

John Sommervil, second mate

Philip Sharpe, third mate

John Wilkinson, fourth mate

E Ravenscroft, fifth mate

John McNeach, sixth mate

Griffith Thomas, surgeon

Richard Tollett, purser

Robert Longmore, gunner

Thomas Morgan, carpenter

Thomas Reader, midshipman

William Rawlins, midshipman

John Roberts, midshipman

Joseph Locke, midshipman

Stephen Martin, midshipman

David Heathorn, boatswain's mate

Alexander Hay, boatswain's mate

John McEwen, boatswain's mate

Timothy Cunningham, boatswain's mate

Robert Tyrell, boatswain's mate

James Welch, boatswain's mate

Edward Gilbert, ship's steward

C Pearce, captain's steward

John Porteous, ship's cook

Francis Bonaso, captain's cook

John Townsend, tailor

Thomas Reed, armourer

John Pursell, caulker

Robert Gratham, caulker

John Hemphill, sailmaker

Owen McGray, gunner's mate

John Cooper, gunner's mate

David Steel, carpenter's mate

William Landell, carpenter's mate

John Mulvaney, [...]

John Landells, [...]

Samuel Watson, [...]

John Daniel, seaman

Thomas Bowen, seaman

John Arnold, seaman

Thomas Wilson, seaman

John Gatton, seaman

J Sandland, seaman

Thomas Brown, seaman

George Bowen, seaman

Thomas Mills, seaman

John Brown, seaman

John Watkins, seaman

Joseph Birch, seaman

William Hutchins, seaman

Joseph Hutchison, seaman

John Burgen, seaman

Robert Stevens, seaman

James Robinson, seaman

Magnus Winklass, seaman

John Lucas, seaman

Owen Griffiths, seaman

William Evans, seaman

Edward Davis, seaman

William Dunbar, seaman

Bartlett Golden, seaman

John Moyse, seaman

Joseph Ward, seaman

James Swift, seaman

William Allen, seaman

John Jessey, seaman

Edward Jameson, seaman

Robert Bruce, seaman

Anthony Pinto, seaman

Nimrod Lovel, seaman

James Johnson, seaman

James Carlin, seaman

Edward Browning, seaman

John Lucas, seaman

John Shaw, seaman

George Lascells, seaman

John McGuire, seaman

Samuel McQueen, seaman

William Dawkins, seaman

Richard Fitzgerald, seaman

George Mann, seaman

Edward Elliott, seaman

William Arrowe, seaman

George Ramsey, seaman

Godfrey Monk, seaman

Edward Light, seaman

Alexander Thomson, seaman

Robert Collins, seaman

Michael Lowrey, seaman

Thomas Evans, seaman

Joseph Moore, seaman

John Allen, seaman

Andrew Jamieson, seaman

Joseph McComb, seaman

David Nisbet, seaman

339

335

1773

Conrade Gunnegal Seaman

Barnet Steed

Fras. Shenney

Geo. Clark Seaman

Thos. Graham

Thos. Lambeth

Barthw. Kincade Seaman

Chs. Griggs

Robt. Jewell

Passengers

Lieut. Tolson

Mrs. Tipple

Two Servants

(Signed)

Fancis Fortescue

Muster Roll of Ship Gatton

William Money Commr.

Chs. Chisholme 1 Mate

William Haffey 2 Do.

Jos. Jordan 3 Do.

John Taylor 4 Do.

John Lloyd 5 Do.

Clemes Foster 6 Do.

John Wm. Hay Surgeon

John Mc. Intire Purser

J. Hitchman Surgs. Mate

Richd. Jenkins Captn. Stewd.

John Inship Ships Do.

John Atkins Gunner

Wm. Evans Carpenter

Giles Millman Boatswain

Wm. Barlow Caulker

Thos. Morley Sailmaker

David Grant Cooper

Jas. Allwidge Captn. Cook

John Pothe Ships Do.

Wm. Sivil Carpr. 1 Mate

Michl. Markey 2 Do.

Wm. John Osborne Do.

Thos. Paling Butcher

Thos. Smith Gunners Mate

Jonas Maggot Caulkers Do.

Saml. Rathbone Armourer

Edw. Lloyd Boatsn. 1 Mate

Andw. Cowan Do. 2 Do.

John Warner Quartr. Mastr.

Geo. Thomson Do.

Robt. Gordon Do.

Geo. Anderson Do.

Thos. Williams Do.

Wm. Mc. Kewin Midship.

Henry Fleming Do.

Chs. Jones Do.

Wm. Showard Do.

Richd. Devonshire Do.

Jas. Bracy Poulterer

Wm. Pitcher Seaman

Jonas Cunningham

Chs. Hulone

Geo. Garrison

Geo. Comb

Jas. Weston

Wm. Vailer

John Ricks

Henry Palmer Seaman

Jos. Bascow

Philip Mc. Donald

Thos. Benson

John Gallery

Wm. Patterson

Thos. Allison

John Thomson

John Melvil

Alexr. Alexander

Jona. Moffats

John Ross

Henry Howard

Adam Walden

Pet. Mc. Lean

Wm. Patterson

Wm. Turner

John Clifton

Wm. Nicholson

Wm. Moor

John De Maltfra

Thos. Rocky

Wm. Jackson

John Atkinson

The muster roll of the Osterley continued with the last of the seamen and the passengers.

Conrade Gunregal, seaman

Barnet Steed, seaman

Francis Shenney, seaman

George Clark, seaman

Thomas Graham, seaman

Thomas Lambeth, seaman

Bartholomew Hinsole, seaman

Charles Griggs, seaman

Robert Jewell, seaman

Lieutenant Tolson, passenger

Mrs Tipple, passenger

Servants, 2, passengers

Francis Fortescue signed the roll as commander.

The muster roll of the Gatton listed the following men.

William Money, commander

Charles Chisholme, first mate

William Haffey, second mate

Joseph Jordan, third mate

John Taylor, fourth mate

John Lloyd, fifth mate

Clement Foster, sixth mate

John Hay, surgeon

John McIntire, purser

J Hitchman, surgeon's mate

Richard Jenkins, captain's steward

John Jestup, ship's steward

John Atkins, gunner

William Evans, carpenter

Giles Milleman, boatswain

William Barlow, caulker

Thomas Morby, sailmaker

David Grant, cooper

James Allerdyce, captain's cook

John Toller, ship's cook

William Lord, carpenter's first mate

Michael Murphy, carpenter's second mate

William John Osborne, carpenter's mate

Thomas Paling, butcher

Thomas Smith, gunner's mate

Jonas Maggot, caulker's mate

Samuel Rathbone, armourer

Edward Lloyd, boatswain's first mate

Andrew Cowan, boatswain's second mate

John Warner, quartermaster

George Thomson, quartermaster

Robert Gordon, quartermaster

George Anderson, quartermaster

Thomas Williams, quartermaster

William McKeown, midshipman

Henry Fleming, midshipman

Charles Jones, midshipman

William Sherwood, midshipman

Richard Devonshire, midshipman

James Bracey, poulterer

William Pitcher, seaman

Jonas Cunningham, seaman

Charles Holmes, seaman

George Jameson, seaman

George Hamill, seaman

James Weedon, seaman

William Nailer, seaman

John Ricks, seaman

Henry Palmer, seaman

Joseph Bowen, seaman

Philip McDonald, seaman

Thomas Benson, seaman

John Gallery, seaman

William Patterson, seaman

Thomas Allison, seaman

John Thomson, seaman

John Melvil, seaman

Alexander Alexander, seaman

Jonathan Moffett, seaman

John Ross, seaman

Henry Howard, seaman

Adam Walden, seaman

Patrick McLean, seaman

William Patterson, seaman

William Turner, seaman

John Clifton, seaman

William Nicholson, seaman

William Moor, seaman

John De Malfee, seaman

Thomas Rock, seaman

William Jackson, seaman

John Atkinson, seaman

Interpretations

The Gatton carried a butcher and a poulterer among her crew. An East Indiaman sailed with live cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry penned on deck to give fresh meat to the commander's table and the passengers through a voyage of many months. The poulterer kept the birds fed and watered, and the butcher slaughtered the beasts as they were needed. Restocking these animals was one of the main reasons the homeward ships called at St Helena, and it explains the Council's close control over the sale of the island's cattle and sheep to the ships.

340

336

15th March

John Baptiste Seaman

Jos. Marsham

Robt. Hunt

Thos. Hutchins

John Daniel

Henry Hobson

Perry Knight

Wm. Lewis

Thos. Jackson

Benj. Hughes

John Potts

John Males Seaman

Lewis Hearst

Michl. Gallian

Benj. Edghill

Matt. Lounsdown

Stephen Tracy

Wm. Cooke

Nathl. Harrison

Wm. German

Robt. Croney

Arth. Huff

John Starkley

Wm. Ayres Seaman

Dugl. Mc. Kenzie

Richd. Forde

James Burges

Wm. Thomson

Geo. Collier

Geo. Hall

Peter Harwood

Henry Yates

Wm. Pitts

Christ. Blackman

(Signed)

William Money

The Storekeeper this day delivered the

following Account of Stores short received from Ships London Gatton

Havannah and Osterley viz.

Account of Stores short received from the following Ships

viz.

London

Cs. qrs. lb

1 . 3 . 13 Sugar short weight occasioned by wastage

10 Meat Plates

7 Do. Dishes

1 Tureen & Dish

found broke upon opening the Packages which were

in good Order

Gatton

Cs. qrs. lb

- . 1 . 21 Sugar short weight occasioned by wastage

The muster roll of the Gatton continued with the last of the seamen.

John Baptiste, seaman

Joseph Moraham, seaman

Robert Hunt, seaman

Thomas Hutchins, seaman

John Daniel, seaman

Henry Hobson, seaman

Perry Knight, seaman

William Lewis, seaman

Thomas Jackson, seaman

Benjamin Hughes, seaman

John Fox, seaman

John Males, seaman

Luca Pearch, seaman

Michael Gallivan, seaman

Benjamin Edghill, seaman

Matthew Lowndson, seaman

Stephen Pace, seaman

William Cosby, seaman

Nathaniel Harrison, seaman

William Gorman, seaman

Robert Croney, seaman

Arthur Huff, seaman

John Peakley, seaman

William Ayres, seaman

Duncan McKenzie, seaman

Richard Forde, seaman

James Burgess, seaman

William Thomson, seaman

George Collier, seaman

George Hall, seaman

Peter Harwood, seaman

Henry Yates, seaman

William Fells, seaman

Christopher Blackman, seaman

William Money signed the roll as commander.

The storekeeper delivered an account of stores received short from the London, the Gatton, the Havannah and the Osterley. It began as follows.

London, sugar, short weight from wastage, 1 cwt 3 qr 13 lb

London, meat plates found broken on opening the packages, 10

London, dishes found broken on opening the packages, 7

London, tureen and dish found broken on opening the packages, 1

Gatton, sugar, short weight from wastage, 0 cwt 1 qr 21 lb

Interpretations

The storekeeper recorded that the boxes of china from the London were in good order when opened, yet 18 pieces inside were broken. The packages had not been damaged in the hold or in landing. The breakage must therefore have happened at Canton, through poor packing, or from the working of the ship at sea, for which no one could be blamed. Recording the sound condition of the boxes protected the ship's commander from being charged for the loss and placed it instead on the Company's own account.

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1773

Havannah

Cs. qrs. lb

1 . 2 . 18 Sugar short weight Occasioned by wastage

Osterley

Cs. qrs. lb

2 . 17 Sugar short weight Occasioned by wastage

St. Helena

15th March 1773

(Signed)

Jona. Doveton

Storekeeper

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

The account of stores received short from the homeward China ships closed as follows.

Havannah, sugar, short weight from wastage, 1 cwt 2 qr 18 lb

Osterley, sugar, short weight from wastage, 0 cwt 2 qr 17 lb

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 15 March 1773. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett countersigned it.

Interpretations

The sugar from China lost weight on every ship, from about 3 qr on the Gatton to almost 2 cwt on the London. Raw sugar packed at Canton still held molasses and moisture, which drained out and dried away on a passage of four months across the tropics. The Council's countersignature turned the storekeeper's report into a formal record of loss. The sugar was then entered in the island's books at its true landed weight rather than the weight invoiced at Canton, and the difference was written off rather than charged to the commanders.

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338

18th March

At a Consultation held on Thursday the 18th day of March 1773

at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved & signed dated the 15 March

1773

Monday the 15 Sailed the Dane Ship Fredensborg for Copenhagen

Tuesday the 16 Do. the Honble. Company's Ships Osterley &

Gatton for England

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that

he has been on board the Granby Havannah & London to

Muster their Company's and enquire for Deserters but found none.

James Wilson having Delivered himself up from Ship London as

a Deserter from Bengal. their Muster Rolls are as follows viz.

Muster Roll of Ship Granby

John Johnston Commr.

Thos. Newte Chief Mate

Nathl. Herne 2 Do.

Willm. White 3 Do.

Robt. Walpole 4 Do.

Geo. Blackford 5 Do.

Jas. Carrick Surgeon

Jas. Hardie Purser

Jno. Duncan Surg. Mate

Richd. Robert Boatswn.

Jno. Davis Gunner

Wm. Terrey Captn. Stewd.

Chs. Sharke Ships Do.

Alexr. Tweedle Mid. Shipman

Edw. Cummings Do.

Geo. Griffinhoofe Do.

Giles Creed Midshipn.

Geo. Mount Do.

Wm. Newnham Qr. Mastr.

Geo. Strahan Do.

John Holt Do.

Robt. Ross Do.

Jas. Herriott Do.

Dan. Mc. Kenny Gunrs. Mate

Jas. Abraham Boatn. 1 Do.

Wm. Weaver Do. 2 Do.

Jas. Phillips Carpr. 1 Do.

Richd. Casey Do. 2 Do.

Danl. Hughes Cooper

Wm. Hasker Caulker

Thos. Henderson Armr.

M. Cameron Sailmaker

Geo. Smith Ships Cook

Jos. Lawther Captns. Do.

Thos. Tough Do. Do. Mr.

Robt. Ross Carpr. Mate

Henry Brown Caulkr. Do.

Richd. Dunn Butcher

Thos. Curren Poulterer

Jno. Gray Seaman

Danl. Woodward

Jas. Graham

Jas. Mc. Gingley

Wm. Smith

Jos. Hever

Wm. Clive

Danl. Prestin

Wm. Herring

The Council met at the Castle on Thursday 18 March 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 15 March.

The Danish ship Fredensborg sailed for Copenhagen on Monday 15 March. The Company's ships Osterley and Gatton sailed for England on Tuesday 16 March.

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Granby, the Havannah and the London to muster their companies and search for deserters. He found none hidden aboard. However, James Wilson [...] gave himself up from the London as a deserter from Bengal. The muster rolls of the three ships were entered as follows.

The muster roll of the Granby began with these men.

John Johnstone, commander

Thomas Neville, chief mate

Nathaniel Florence, second mate

William White, third mate

Robert Walpole, fourth mate

George Blackford, fifth mate

James Carrick, surgeon

James Hardie, purser

John Duncan, surgeon's mate

Richard Roberts, boatswain

John Davis, gunner

H Ferrey, captain's steward

Charles Sharpe, ship's steward

Alexander Tweedle, midshipman and coxswain

Edward Cummings, midshipman

George Hoffinhoof, midshipman

Giles Creed, midshipman

George Mount, midshipman

J Newnham, quartermaster

George Strahan, quartermaster

John Holt, quartermaster

Robert Ross, quartermaster

James Hewitt, quartermaster

Daniel McEvoy, gunner's mate

James Abraham, boatswain's first mate

William Weaver, boatswain's second mate

James Phillips, carpenter's first mate

Richard Casey, carpenter's second mate

Daniel Rigg, cooper

Matthew Fasken, caulker

Thomas Henderson, armourer

[...] Cameron, sailmaker

George Smith, ship's cook

Joseph Sneath, captain's cook

Thomas Pugh, cook's mate

Benjamin Ross, cooper's mate

Henry Brown, caulker's mate

Richard Warren, butcher

Thomas Carroll, poulterer

John Gray, seaman

Daniel Husband, seaman

James Graham, seaman

Michael McGinley, seaman

William Smith, seaman

Christopher Neave, seaman

William Close, seaman

Daniel Ruffin, seaman

William Herring, seaman

Interpretations

The deserter from Bengal chose to surrender at St Helena rather than stay hidden aboard until the London reached England. A man who deserted the Company's army in India faced arrest and punishment if he was discovered on landing at home. Giving himself up at the island was perhaps the safer course, since the Council needed soldiers and could take him into its own garrison rather than send him back. The muster of every homeward ship was designed to catch men like him, and his surrender saved the Council the trouble of finding him.

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1773

James Glover Seaman

George Ellis

Thomas Waller

Benjamin Funkson

Peter Petterson

Simon Thompson

Jacob Senstrum

Jens Hellingsber

Richard Bennet

Thomas Hodges

John Yates

James Goodall

John Clegg

Thomas Simpson

John Hent

John Hague

Joseph Arnettle

David Moodey

James Thompson

William Booth

John Stewart

James Berry Seaman

James Powell

Alexander Mc. Iver

Peter Lanson

William Palmer

Andrew Green

John Clark

Luke Shorvel

Alexander Sutherland

James Eggan

Richard Wetherington

Thomas Forsythe

George Watson

John Walton

Vincent Romonds

Samuel Royston

William Ross

Thomas Headman

William Parkinson

Robert Wood

John Barnell

Alexander Sillinger

William Forsythe

William Brown

George Hearn

Walter Carruthers

Richard Jordan

John Bence

Michael Heyman

James Webb

George Sedgwick

Job Carpenter

John Pickett

Nicholas Simbs

Josiah Bouchier

John Mancardyke

Jean Piete

Louis De France

Sane Nanfane

James Brent

John Wood

Thomas Harris

(Signed) J. Johnston

Muster Roll of Ship Havannah

John White Commander

John White Chief Mate

John Hobson 2d. Do.

Samuel Pittman 3d. Do.

Henry Ranson 4th Do.

Angus Mc. Nab 5th Do.

Fleming Pinkston Surgeon

Philip Prothero Purser

Charles White Mid. & Cox.

Michael Westbeck Mid.

John Cobley Do.

John Pomfret Do.

James Taylor Do.

William Patterson Boatswain

Derick Laguire Gunner

John Collingwood Carpent.

Nichs. Lowbridge Surgs. Mate

Jos. Howard Captn. Steward

John Hulbert Ships Do.

Dan. Dunbar Quart. Master

Alexd. Mc. Donald Do. Do.

Archy. Robertson Do. Do.

John Robinson Do. Do.

Joseph Plumley Do. Do.

William Hale Caulker

William Roberston Cooper

Jno. Courage Caulkers Mate

William Cowen Coopers Do.

Alexd. Nickleson Gunrs. Mate

Jno. Oglevie Boatn. 1 Mate

Alexd. Loudon 2 Do.

John Watts Carpr. 1 Do.

George Ardmore 2 Do.

Walter Reo Armourer

Richd. Holley Captn. Cook

John Lane Ships Do.

Fran. Philpot Butcher

Simon Parsis Captn. Servt.

Sachar Do. Do.

Jno. Lee Chief Mates Do.

Jno. Smith Surgeons Do.

Henry Rutherford Gunrs. Do.

The muster roll of the Granby continued with the remaining seamen.

James Glover, seaman

George Ellis, seaman

Thomas Waller, seaman

Benjamin Funkson, seaman

Peter Petterson, seaman

Simon Thompson, seaman

Jacob Sinstrum, seaman

Jens Hellingsber, seaman

Richard Bennet, seaman

Thomas Hodges, seaman

John Yates, seaman

James Goodall, seaman

John Clegg, seaman

Thomas Simpson, seaman

John Hunt, seaman

John Hague, seaman

Joseph Pirittle, seaman

David Moodey, seaman

James Thompson, seaman

William Booth, seaman

John Stewart, seaman

James Berry, seaman

James Powell, seaman

Alexander McVon, seaman

Peter Lawson, seaman

William Palmer, seaman

Andrew Green, seaman

John Clark, seaman

Luke Shewel, seaman

Alexander Sutherland, seaman

James Eggan, seaman

Richard Witherington, seaman

Thomas Forsythe, seaman

George Watson, seaman

John Walton, seaman

Vincent Romundo, seaman

Samuel Rushton, seaman

William Ross, seaman

Thomas Headman, seaman

William Parkinson, seaman

Robert Wood, seaman

John Barrell, seaman

Alexander Sillinger, seaman

William Forsythe, seaman

William Brown, seaman

George Hearne, seaman

Walter Carruthers, seaman

Richard Jordan, seaman

John Bence, seaman

Michael Heyman, seaman

James Webb, seaman

George Sedgwick, seaman

Job Carpenter, seaman

John Pickett, seaman

Nicholas Timbs, seaman

Josiah Bouchier, seaman

John Mancardyke, seaman

Jean Piets, seaman

Louis de France, seaman

Sane Nanfane, seaman

James Brent, seaman

John Wood, seaman

Thomas Harris, seaman

J Johnston signed the roll as commander.

The muster roll of the Havannah began with these men.

John White, commander

John White, chief mate

John Hobson, second mate

Samuel Pitman, third mate

Henry Ranson, fourth mate

Angus McNab, fifth mate

Fleming Pinkston, surgeon

Philip Prothero, purser

Charles White, midshipman and coxswain

Michael Westbeech, midshipman

John Cobley, midshipman

John Pomfret, midshipman

James Taylor, midshipman

William Patterson, boatswain

Derick Laguire, gunner

John Collingwood, carpenter

Nicholas Trowbridge, surgeon's mate

John Howard, captain's steward

John Hulbert, ship's steward

Daniel Dunbar, quartermaster

Alexander McDonald, quartermaster

Archibald Robertson, quartermaster

John Robertson, quartermaster

Joseph Plumley, quartermaster

William Hale, caulker

William Robertson, cooper

John Courage, caulker's mate

William Cowan, cooper's mate

Alexander Nicholson, gunner's mate

John Ogilvie, boatswain's first mate

Alexander Loudon, boatswain's second mate

John Watts, carpenter's first mate

George Sedmore, carpenter's second mate

Walter Rees, armourer

Richard Holley, captain's cook

John Lane, ship's cook

Francis Philpot, butcher

Simon Pereira, captain's servant

Sachar, captain's servant

John Lee, chief mate's servant

John Smith, surgeon's servant

Henry Rutherford, gunner's servant

Interpretations

The Havannah's chief mate shared the commander's name, John White, and was probably his son or nephew. Commanders of East Indiamen routinely placed young kinsmen among their officers, since a berth as mate was the route to a command of one's own and to the private trade it carried. The servants listed against the commander, the chief mate, the surgeon and the gunner were boys or men entered on the ship's books in their masters' names. Their wages were paid to the officer they served, which was a recognised perquisite of rank at sea.

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340

18 March

Samuel Chester 2 Mates Do.

Willm. Leech Captn. Servt.

Mitchl. White Poulterer

John Whitby Joiner

John Mc. Donald Baker

Saml. Born Barber

John Roberts Taylor

Richd. Heal Seaman

Barn. Pitman

John Findley

John Sheppard

James Patterson

Christn. Barthorp

Saml. Jeffries

John Carlisle

Isaack Richardson

Jonas Callen

Charles Price

Saml. Matthews

Fran. Dalrimple

John Jones Seaman

Nichs. Watson

James Newport

Norm. Mc. Cloud

Willm. Holman

Jno. Welch

Robert Morris

Jos. Reed

George Gemal

John Brown

Saml. Walters

Edward Shen

John Baxter

John Fraser

Andrew Wallice

John Hambleton

Willm. Turnbull

Thos. Munk

David Lane

Robt. Wallace

Alexd. Mills

John Roberton

John Cook

Robt. Wilson

Richd. Groves

Joseph Hare

John Glasbrook

Benj. Marsh

John Ferrick

John Lewis

Robert Casson

John Donaldson

Fran. Cannan

Matthew Jessie

Barn. Hangse

Fran. Shipman

Jack Bonness

John Mahomet

John Bird

Mr. John Corser Passenger

(Signed) John White

Muster Roll of Ship London

John Webb Commander

Daniel Webb Chief Mate

Edward Jones 2 Do.

Charles Wood 3 Do.

Morgan Griffiths 4 Do.

Richard Hutt 5 Do.

James Davis Surgeon

John Williamson Purser

George Sanderson Surg. Mate

Thos. Thorp Boatswain

Gills Caught Carpenter

William Bick Gunner

Geo. Parker Ships Steward

Jean Paul Lane Captn. Do.

Joseph White Midship.

James Blake Do.

John Palna Do.

Richd. Clark Cooper

John Carney Do. Mate

Robt. Hines Sailmaker

John Roberts Carpr. Mate

Alexd. Brodie Joiner

Martin Rodd Caulker

Thos. Bevan Do. Mate

Jno. Hutton Boatn. 1 Mate

John Taylor Do. 2 Do.

John Hill Captn. Cook

Wm. Bartleman Gunr. Mate

Jos. Pitt Qr. Master

Thomas Madden Do. Do.

Jam. Mc. Neal Do. Do.

John Sheppard Do. Do.

Thos. Burke Taylor

Willm. Wood Ships Cook

R. Hill Poulterer

Wm. Jenkins Seaman

John Hill

John Moore

Fran. Carson

Willm. Bell

James Pen

Matthew Giles

The muster roll of the Havannah continued with the remaining men and the passenger.

Samuel Chester, second mate's servant

William Leech, captain's servant

Mitchell White, poulterer

John Whitby, joiner

John McDonald, baker

Samuel Born, barber

John Roberts, tailor

Richard Heat, seaman

Bartholomew Pitman, seaman

John Findley, seaman

John Sheppard, seaman

James Patterson, seaman

Christopher Barthorp, seaman

Samuel Jeffries, seaman

John Carlisle, seaman

Isaac Richardson, seaman

Jonas Callen, seaman

Charles Price, seaman

Samuel Matthews, seaman

Francis Dalrymple, seaman

John Jones, seaman

Nicholas Watson, seaman

James Newport, seaman

Norman McCloud, seaman

William Holman, seaman

John Welch, seaman

Robert Morris, seaman

Joseph Reed, seaman

George Gemal, seaman

John Brown, seaman

Samuel Walters, seaman

Edward Shen, seaman

John Baxter, seaman

John Frazier, seaman

Andrew Wallace, seaman

John Hambleton, seaman

William Turnbull, seaman

Thomas Monk, seaman

David Lane, seaman

Robert Wallace, seaman

Alexander Mills, seaman

John Robertson, seaman

John Cook, seaman

Robert Wilson, seaman

Richard Groves, seaman

Joseph Hare, seaman

John Glasbrook, seaman

Benjamin Marsh, seaman

John Fenwick, seaman

John Lewis, seaman

Robert Casson, seaman

John Donaldson, seaman

Francis Cannan, seaman

Matthew Jessie, seaman

Bartholomew Hangar, seaman

Francis Shipman, seaman

Jack Bonnesu, seaman

John Mahomet, seaman

John Bird, seaman

John Corser, passenger

John White signed the roll as commander.

The muster roll of the London began with these men.

John Webb, commander

Daniel Webb, chief mate

Edward Jones, second mate

Charles Wood, third mate

Morgan Griffiths, fourth mate

Richard Hutt, fifth mate

James Davis, surgeon

John Williamson, purser

George Sanderson, surgeon's mate

Thomas Thorp, boatswain

Giles Caught, carpenter

William Peck, gunner

George Parker, ship's steward

Jean Paul Lanie, captain's steward

Joseph White, midshipman

James Blake, midshipman

John Palna, midshipman

Richard Clark, cooper

John Carney, cooper's mate

Robert Hines, sailmaker

John Roberts, carpenter's mate

Alexander Brodie, joiner

Martin Boyd, caulker

Thomas Bevan, caulker's mate

John Hutton, boatswain's first mate

John Taylor, boatswain's second mate

John Hill, captain's cook

William Bartleman, gunner's mate

Joseph Pitt, quartermaster

Thomas Marden, quartermaster

Samuel McNeal, quartermaster

John Sheppard, quartermaster

Thomas Burke, tailor

William Wood, ship's cook

R Hill, poulterer

William Jenkins, seaman

John Hill, seaman

John Moore, seaman

Francis Carson, seaman

William Bell, seaman

James Pim, seaman

Matthew Giles, seaman

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341

1773

Willm. Berry Seaman

Saml. Dyer

Thos. Gilchrist

Saml. Groves

Barney Hammel

John Marville

Michl. Stoker

Morgan Henrick

Edward Stewart

Partrick Sycnam

Robt. All

Isaack Bridge

Peter Gibbons

John Conway

Edward Ryan

Thos. Butler

Patrick Carrole

R. Ellis

Saml. Cooley

Willm. Ford

John Gledenen Seaman

James Boyle

Edward Donally

Willm. Paxton

James Mitchell

John Burford

John Leyster

Thos. Walten

Richd. Preston

Willm. Johnson

Geo. Howell

Danl. Ryan

John Gable

Magnus Tuck

Thos. Hambleton

Wm. Knight

Henry Knight

Matthew Harwood

Wm. Murphy

James Ryley

Robt. Cole Seaman

Michl. Fitzerrin

Thos. Scott

Patk. Fagan

Danl. Cooper

Alexd. Willson

Anty. Barnes

Benjn. Pring

John Shaw

James Wilson

Peter Nelson

John Jackson

John William

Saml. Haycock

John Hynds

Thos. Thomas

John Hughes

Michl. Mason

Jos. Duff

Wm. Hong Butcher

(Signed)

John Webb

Captain James Tippet

this day applied to Us to pay one hundred Pounds into the Honorable

Company's Cash, which sum we have received, and given him Bills of

Exchange, drawn upon the Honorable the Court of Directors, Payable

to Mr. John Hobson (or Order) at Ninety Days Sight.

We this day Inlisted James Wilson

Stephen Jarns and Henry Yates to serve the Honorable Company

five Years as Soldiers, and gave them three Pounds each, to buy them

Necessarys &c.

The muster roll of the London continued with the remaining seamen.

William Berry, seaman

Samuel Dyer, seaman

Thomas Gilchrist, seaman

Samuel Groves, seaman

Barney Hammel, seaman

John Marville, seaman

Michael Stoker, seaman

Morgan Henrick, seaman

Edward Stewart, seaman

Patrick Sysnam, seaman

Robert All, seaman

Isaac Bridge, seaman

Peter Gibbons, seaman

John Conway, seaman

Edward Ryan, seaman

Thomas Butler, seaman

Patrick Carrole, seaman

R Ellis, seaman

Samuel Cooley, seaman

William Ford, seaman

John Gledenen, seaman

James Boyle, seaman

Edward Donally, seaman

William Paxton, seaman

James Mitchell, seaman

John Burford, seaman

John Leyster, seaman

Thomas Walton, seaman

Richard Preston, seaman

William Johnson, seaman

George Howell, seaman

Daniel Ryan, seaman

John Gable, seaman

Magnus Tuck, seaman

Thomas Hambleton, seaman

William Knight, seaman

Henry Knight, seaman

Matthew Harwood, seaman

William Murphy, seaman

James Ryley, seaman

Robert Cole, seaman

Michael Fitzmorris, seaman

Thomas Scott, seaman

Patrick Fagan, seaman

Daniel Cooper, seaman

Alexander Wilson, seaman

Anthony Barnes, seaman

Benjamin Pring, seaman

John Shaw, seaman

James Wilson, seaman

Peter Nelson, seaman

John Jackson, seaman

John William, seaman

Samuel Haycock, seaman

John Hynds, seaman

Thomas Thomas, seaman

John Hughes, seaman

Michael Mason, seaman

Joseph Duff, seaman

William Hong, butcher

John Webb signed the roll as commander.

Captain James Tippet asked to pay £100 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council received the money and gave him a set of bills of exchange on the Court of Directors, payable to John Hobson or his order at 90 days' sight.

The Council enlisted James Wilson, Stephen Jarns and Henry Yates as soldiers in the Company's service for five years. It gave each of them £3 0s 0d to buy necessaries.

Interpretations

James Wilson was almost certainly the deserter from Bengal who had given himself up from the London. The Council did not punish him or send him on to England. It took him into the garrison on the same five-year terms as any recruit, which turned an offender into a soldier at a time when the island needed men. Each of the three received only £3 0s 0d for necessaries, well below the bounties of £5 0s 0d to £7 7s 0d paid to men who enlisted on the island in 1772. A Henry Yates had appeared among the Gatton's seamen, and men left behind by the homeward ships were a ready source of recruits. They had little bargaining power and so were signed on more cheaply.

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342

22nd March

James Willson Delivered

himself up from Ship London, as a Deserter from Bengal

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Monday the 22nd Day of March

1773 at the Castle.

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr.

Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Coun.

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 18th of

March 1773

Thursday the 18th Passed by three Ships at a great Distance

Do. Do. Sailed the Honorable Company's Ships London &

Havannah for England

Saturday the 20th Arrived a Dane Ship from China called the King

of Denmark Captn. Shifter burthen twelve hundred Tons, carries

thirty two Guns & one hundred and Sixty Men, loaden with Tea,

China Ware and Silk, bound to Copenhagen

This Day Died Edward Groves Private

Do. Do. Passed by a Ship at a Great Distance

James Willson gave himself up from the London as a deserter from Bengal. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 22 March 1773. The Governor presided, with Corneille, Purling and Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 18 March.

Three ships passed the island at a great distance on Thursday 18 March. The Company's ships London and Havannah sailed for England the same day. On Saturday 20 March a Danish ship from China arrived, the King of Denmark, under Captain Schifter. She was of 1,200 tons, carried 32 guns and a crew of 160, and was bound for Copenhagen with tea, chinaware and silk.

Edward Groves, a private, died that day. A ship passed the island at a great distance the same day.

Interpretations

The King of Denmark, at 1,200 tons, was half as large again as the Fredensborg and far larger than the English Indiamen of the period, which the Company kept to about 800 tons. The Danish Asiatic Company sent few ships to Canton but built them very large, to carry the greatest possible cargo of tea on each voyage. Much of that tea was smuggled into Britain to evade the heavy English duties. A second Danish ship at the island within ten days showed the Council how substantial the rival trade had become, and its record of her size and armament was useful intelligence for the Court.

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1773

Captn. John Johnston

this Day Applied to us to pay Eleven hundred and fifty Pounds into the

Honorable Company's Cash, which Sum we have received, and given

him bills of Exchange, drawn upon the Honorable the Court of

Directors, payable to himself (or Order) at Ninety Days Sight

Bought of Captn. Johnston on Account of the Honble. Company the following Articles

as p Bill amg. to £84 for the payment whereof we have given him Certificate

Captain John Johnstone for

the Honorable the United Company.

Bought of Christopher Brand

Rd. St. A.

100 Live Sheep

200 . - . -

138 Dutch Bushells Wheat at 25 Rds. p 40 Bushells

86 . 2 . -

14 Do. Bushells Barley

7 . - . -

9 Sacks of Bran

13 . 4 . -

10 lb Garden Seeds

12 . - . -

Cooley hire for Sheep &c.

8 . 4 . -

Boathire for Do.

25 . - . -

Bags for Wheat Barley and Bran

36 . 6 . -

389 . - . -

Usual Exchange of 8 p Cent

31 . - . -

Rix Dolls. 420

Received the Contents of the above Bill in full

C. Brand

The Storekeeper this day delivered the

following Account of Stores Short received from Ship Granby

Account of Stores short received from Ship Granby

Viz.

7 Meat Dishes

67 Do. Plates

14 Soup Do.

Found broke upon opening the Package

which were in good order.

Cs. qrs. lb

- . 2 . 17 Sugar, short weight, Occasioned by Wastage

St. Helena

22 March 1773

(Signed)

Jona. Doveton Storekeeper

Captain John Johnston of the Granby asked to pay £1,150 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council received the money and gave him bills of exchange on the Court of Directors, payable to himself or his order at 90 days' sight.

The Council also bought from Captain Johnston, on the Company's account, goods to the value of £84 0s 0d and paid him by certificate. His bill showed that he had bought them at the Cape from Christopher Brand for the Company.

Live sheep, 100, two hundred rix-dollars

Dutch bushels of wheat, 138, at twenty-five rix-dollars for 40 bushels, eighty-six rix-dollars and two schellings

Dutch bushels of barley, 14, seven rix-dollars

Sacks of straw, 9, thirteen rix-dollars and four schellings

Garden seeds, 10 lb, twelve rix-dollars

Porters' hire for the sheep and other goods, eight rix-dollars and four schellings

Boat hire for the same, twenty-five rix-dollars

Bags for the wheat, barley and straw, thirty-six rix-dollars and six schellings

Goods and charges, total, three hundred and eighty-nine rix-dollars

Usual exchange of 8%, thirty-one rix-dollars

Bill, total, four hundred and twenty rix-dollars

Christopher Brand signed for receipt of the full amount.

The storekeeper delivered the following account of stores received short from the Granby.

Meat dishes found broken on opening the packages, 7

Plates found broken on opening the packages, 64

Soup plates found broken on opening the packages, 14

Sugar, short weight from wastage, 0 cwt 2 qr 17 lb

The storekeeper recorded that the packages were in good order when opened. Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 22 March 1773.

Interpretations

The rix-dollar was the money of account of the Dutch East India Company at the Cape, divided into eight schellings. At about 4s sterling, the bill of 420 rix-dollars came to the £84 0s 0d the Council paid. Christopher Brand was a merchant and official at Cape Town who supplied passing English ships. The sheep cost the Company about 8s 5d a head after the exchange, against 12s a head paid to Captain Meakes on 1 February 1773. Commanders bought Cape stores on the Company's order for the island, and the Council was willing to pay their costs and charges, which showed it trusted the commanders as its agents.

Captain Johnston's remittance of £1,150 0s 0d was the largest single bill the Council had drawn in this period. It probably represented the proceeds of the private trade a commander was allowed to carry, sold on the island for coin and sent home safely as a bill on the Company.

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29th March

At a Consultation held on Monday the 29th day of March 1773

at the Castle.

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Governor

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 22d.

day of March 1773

Tuesday the 23d. Passed by A Ship at a great Distance

Wednesday the 24 Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Granby for

England

Wednesday Do. Died Wm. Mackey Matross

Thursday the 25 Sailed the Dane Ship King Denmark for Copenhagen

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Friday the 2d. day April 1773

at the Castle.

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr.

Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Coun.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 29 March 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 22 March.

A ship passed the island at a great distance on Tuesday 23 March. The Company's ship Granby sailed for England on Wednesday 24 March. William Mackey, a matross, died the same day. The Danish ship King of Denmark sailed for Copenhagen on Thursday 25 March. The Governor, Corneille, Purling and Bazett signed the minutes.

The Council met at the Castle on Friday 2 April 1773, with the same members present.

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The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 29th of

March 1773

Tuesday the 30th of March Arrived the Shrewsbury's Boat at Banks's at

a quarter of an Hour after two in the Morning

Tuesday the 30th March the Honorable Company's Ship Shrewsbury from

Bombay

This day the Governor laid before the Board a Complaint

made by Patrick Eddrington Matross of Lieut. Rd. Powells beating him

in a very severe manner without any Provocation

Patrick Eddrington Matross

maketh a Complaint that on the 31st Ultimo, being in Lieut. Gibson his

Masters Appartments, and hearing a Noise in Lieut. Leslie's Appartment

went down with Fredk. Sheffer to see what was the matter, that on coming

there, he found Lieut. Leslie and his Servant struggling together, that he

endeavoured to part them. That Lieut. Powell then came in and asked

the Complainant what business he had there, and then ordered him out

of the room. That he did not immediately withdraw, on which the said

Lieut. Powell struck him with his fist, one Blow on his jaw, on which he

went out of the room, the said Powell followed him in the Passage [...]

collard him and repeated the Blow on his Mouth, which made him gush

out with Blood.

That he then came down the Valley in order to make his

complaint, and when he came as far as the old Church, the said Lt. Powell

coming by, asked him what he was doing there, to which he reply'd that he was

going to the Governor to make his complaint, on which the said Powell, then

told him that he would give him cause of Complaint, and would beat him all the

way to the Governor, and immediately with his cane, he beat him on his Back

and Head all the way down as far as the line gate, where the Officer of the

Guard interposed and told him to leave off beating him, and the said Officer

took the Cane away from the said Powell.

The said Lieut. Powell asking the Complainant whether,

when he met him in the Street he spoke to him first, answers that he did not,

but that he went up to him, the said Powell, and told him he had used him

very handsomely.

Frederick Sheffer Private being duly sworn saith that

on Wednesday last being in Mr. Leslie's Appartments along with the Complainant

he

The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 29 March.

The Shrewsbury's boat landed at Banks's at a quarter past two on the morning of Tuesday 30 March. The Company's ship Shrewsbury arrived from Bombay the same day.

Governor Skottowe laid before the Council a complaint by Patrick Eddrington, a matross. He charged Lieutenant Richard Powell with beating him very severely without any provocation.

Eddrington stated that on 31 March he was in the quarters of his master, Lieutenant Gillam, when he heard a disturbance in Lieutenant Leslie's rooms. He went down with Frederick Shaffer to find out what was happening. There he found Leslie struggling with his servant and tried to separate them. Lieutenant Powell then came in, asked Eddrington what business he had there and ordered him out of the room. When Eddrington did not leave at once, Powell struck him a blow on the jaw with his fist. Eddrington went out, but Powell followed him into the passage, seized him by the collar and struck him again on the mouth, so that the blood poured out.

Eddrington then set off down the valley to make his complaint. When he reached the old church, Powell came by and asked what he was doing there. Eddrington answered that he was going to the Governor to complain. Powell told him he would give him something to complain about and would beat him all the way to the Governor. He at once began striking Eddrington on the back and head with his cane and kept it up all the way down to the gate in the lines. There the officer of the guard stepped in, told Powell to stop and took the cane from him.

Powell asked Eddrington whether he had spoken first when they met in the street. Eddrington said he had not spoken first. He had gone up to Powell and told him that he had treated him very handsomely.

Frederick Shaffer, a private, gave evidence on oath. He stated that on the previous Wednesday he had been in Leslie's rooms together with Eddrington, and

Interpretations

The case closely resembled the complaint of Gunner Thomas Towers against Lieutenant Robert Gurling, which the Council had heard on 2 November 1772. Gurling had been suspended for a fortnight, with the loss of pay that followed. This time the Governor himself brought the complaint before the Council rather than leaving the soldier to petition. That suggests he took the matter seriously from the start.

Powell's question about who spoke first in the street was aimed at showing that Eddrington had provoked the second beating by insolence. Eddrington's own answer gave him some ground. By his own account he walked up to an officer who had just bloodied his mouth and told him he had treated him "very handsomely", which an officer could easily take as sarcasm. The Council would have to weigh that remark against a beating with a cane through the public street, ended only when the officer of the guard intervened.

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2d. April

he heard the said Leslie order his Servant to make some bombo for him the

Complainent. That while the said Servant was fetching the Water

Mr. Powell came into the room, when the Complainent, was talking

to Mr. Leslie about Gibralter, took hold of him struck him on the

head with his hand, and asked him what business he had there, to

which the Complainant asked him the reason why he struck him,

and thereon the said Powell desired him to go along about his business and

on his, a second time asking why he struck him, and for his not

imediately withdrawing, he gave him a second blow on his mouth which

made him bleed. On which the Deponent took the said Eddrington by

the Arm, and pulled him out as far as the Door of the Barrack, And on

his getting as far as on the Steps, and there insisting that he would ask the

said Powell the reason why he struck him, he the said Powell came to

the Steps and repeated the Blows two or three times, which caused the

Blood to gush out of his mouth and Nose. That then the Deponent

took the said Eddrington Away

Corpl. James White on his

Oath saith that on Wednesday last being on Duty at the

Barrack Guard Lieut. Leslie sent for him to confine his Man

in the Bread and Water House. That when he came to the said

Lieut. Leslie's his Servant not being then there the said Leslie

desired the Deponent to call him and he did so. That Mr. Powell

then came in and seeing Patrick Eddrington the Complainant

talking to the said Leslie, said are you here, On which he gave him a

Blow with his hand on the Side of his head pushed him out into the

Passage, and there repeated the Blow on his Mouth which made the

Blood gush out.

Lieut. Lach. Leslie on his Oath saith that on Wensday

last having dined with Mr. Powell, he came from thence to his own

Appartments, and ordered his Servant to make a Bowl of Punch; That

he at same time saw one Sheffer and one Eddrington in the Passage, he

asked his servant what they wanted, to which the Servant replyed that

he believed that the said Sheffer wanted something to drink, on which he

ordered him to make them a Bowl of Grogg. That on observing a

Step in his room, he reprimanded his Servant for it, That at that

time Mr. Powell came in, and ordered the said Sheffer and the said

Eddrington out from the door, near which they stood. That then

Mr. Powell struck the said Eddrington, but does not recollect

whether in the room or the Passage, and Mr. Leslie being Asked whether

he

Frederick Shaffer went on to say that he heard Leslie order his servant to make some bombo for him and Eddrington. While the servant was fetching the water, Powell came into the room. Eddrington was talking to Leslie about Gibraltar at the time. Powell took hold of him, struck him on the head with his hand and asked what business he had there. Eddrington asked why he had struck him, and Powell told him to go about his business. Eddrington asked a second time why he had been struck and did not leave at once, so Powell gave him a second blow on the mouth that made him bleed.

Shaffer then took Eddrington by the arm and pulled him out as far as the door of the barrack. On the steps Eddrington insisted that he would ask Powell why he had struck him. Powell came out to the steps and struck him two or three times more, so that blood poured from his mouth and nose. Shaffer then led Eddrington away.

Corporal James White gave evidence on oath. He stated that on the previous Wednesday he was on duty at the barrack guard when Lieutenant Leslie sent for him to put his servant in the bread and water house. When White reached Leslie's rooms the servant was not there, and Leslie asked him to call the man, which he did. Powell then came in and saw Eddrington talking to Leslie. He said "Are you here?" and struck Eddrington on the side of the head with his hand. He pushed him out into the passage and struck him again on the mouth there, which made the blood pour out.

Lieutenant Lauchlan Leslie gave evidence on oath. He stated that on the previous Wednesday he had dined with Powell and then returned to his own rooms. He ordered his servant to make a bowl of punch. At the same time he saw Shaffer and Eddrington in the passage and asked his servant what they wanted. The servant said he believed Shaffer wanted something to drink, so Leslie ordered him to make them a bowl of grog. Noticing a mess on the floor of his room, Leslie reprimanded his servant for it. Powell came in at that moment and ordered Shaffer and Eddrington away from the door, where they were standing. Powell then struck Eddrington, but Leslie could not remember whether it happened in the room or in the passage. Leslie was then asked whether

Interpretations

The three witnesses agreed that Powell struck Eddrington more than once and drew blood, but their accounts of the scene before differed in ways that mattered. Shaffer and Eddrington described Leslie struggling with his servant and Eddrington trying to part them. Leslie spoke only of reprimanding the servant over a mess on the floor. Yet Corporal White testified that Leslie had sent for him to lock the servant in the bread and water house, the punishment cell where offenders were held on bread and water. That points to a real quarrel rather than a mild rebuke. Leslie also admitted he had come straight from dining with Powell and had ordered punch for himself and grog for the two soldiers.

An officer serving drink to private soldiers in his own quarters broke the distance between ranks that discipline relied on. That may explain why Powell, coming in from the same dinner, ordered the men out and grew violent when Eddrington did not go at once. Leslie's lapse of memory over where the first blow fell protected a fellow officer without denying the assault. Bombo was a weak punch of rum or arrack with sugar, water and nutmeg. Grog was spirits mixed with water.

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he made complaint to Mr. Powell of any Insolence to him by the said Eddrington

Answers No. and being further asked if the said Eddrington was insolent

to Mr. Powell before he struck him, says he was not to his knowledge, but

believes after he was struck that he Eddrington said he would make him

answer for it.

This Deponent being asked by Mr. Powell whether Corporal

White took his Servant out of his the Deponent's Room, or out of the Gard

says that he thinks he took him out of the Gard, and further asking if, when he

the said Powell came into his Room, he the Deponent was then talking

to the said Eddrington or to his Servant, says he was talking with some

Warmth to his Servant.

Willm. Tucker Private being duly sworn saith

that on Wednesday last, as he sat along with Eddrington on the Bench near

the Garden Wall Mr. Powell and Mr. Kennedy came by, and on Eddringtons

seeing the said Mr. Powell he stepped over cross the Street and asked him

the said Powell the reason why he had used him so ill to which the

said Powell made Answer if I used you ill, I'll use you worse, And then

with his Cane he struck him five Blows.

Mr. Powell here asks the Deponent if he did

not desire the said Eddrington to go away from him, and he says he

did not hear him say any such thing.

Lieut. Robt. Gurling being duly sworn saith

that on Wensday last, being Officer of the Main Guard as he sat outside of

the Guard Room, he saw Mr. Powell coming down the Street, and as he came

as far as the Old Church, he also saw Eddrington cross the Street to come to

meet him, and then saw Mr. Powell waving his hand, as he judged at

that distance to bid him be gone) that he Eddrington followed Mr. Powell

the length of twelve or fifteen Yards, where he saw the said Powell strike

the said Eddrington one Blow with a Cane, and then the said Powell

came down to the Guard Room Door, whither he, Eddrington, followed

him, saying he would complain to the Governor, on which the said

Powell struck him a blow or two more with a Cane, That on seeing

which, he the Deponent interfered and desired the said Powell to

desist, and strike him no more, on which he did, and sat himself down

at the Guard Room Door.

Leslie was asked whether he had complained to Powell of any insolence from Eddrington, and he said he had not. He was further asked whether Eddrington had been insolent to Powell before Powell struck him. He said not to his knowledge, though he believed that after being struck Eddrington said he would make Powell answer for it.

Powell asked Leslie whether Corporal White had taken the servant from Leslie's room or from the guard. Leslie said he thought it was from the guard. Powell also asked whether Leslie had been talking to Eddrington or to his servant when Powell came in. Leslie said he had been talking with some heat to his servant.

William Tucker, a private, gave evidence on oath. He stated that on the previous Wednesday he was sitting with Eddrington on the bench by the garden wall when Powell and Mr Kennedy came by. When Eddrington saw Powell, he crossed the street and asked him why he had treated him so badly. Powell replied that if he had treated him badly, he would now treat him worse, and struck him five blows with his cane. Powell asked Tucker whether he had not told Eddrington to go away. Tucker said he had heard nothing of the kind.

Lieutenant Robert Gurling gave evidence on oath. He stated that on the previous Wednesday he was officer of the main guard and was sitting outside the guardroom. He saw Powell coming down the street, and when Powell reached the old church he saw Eddrington cross the street to meet him. He saw Powell wave his hand, which he took at that distance as a sign telling Eddrington to go away. Eddrington followed Powell for 12 or 15 yards, and Gurling then saw Powell strike him once with his cane. Powell came on down to the guardroom door, and Eddrington followed him, saying he would complain to the Governor. Powell then struck him once or twice more with the cane. Gurling stepped in at that point and told Powell to stop and to strike him no more. Powell did so and sat down at the guardroom door.

Interpretations

The officer of the guard who stopped the beating was Robert Gurling, whom the Council had suspended on 2 November 1772 for caning Gunner Thomas Towers. His evidence leaned towards Powell more than any other. He alone described Powell waving Eddrington away and Eddrington following him, which made the soldier the one who pressed the quarrel. He said nothing of taking the cane from Powell, though Eddrington claimed the officer of the guard had done so.

Tucker's account cut the other way. In his telling Eddrington simply crossed the street to ask a question, and Powell answered with a threat and five blows. The witnesses agreed on the essentials: Powell struck a matross repeatedly in the barrack and again in the public street, and he stopped only when another officer intervened. Where they differed was on whether Eddrington's persistence amounted to provocation, the one point that could lessen Powell's fault.

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2d. April

Mr. Powell asks the Deponent if he took the Cane with

which he had struck Eddrington from him, or if the deponent made use

of that Expression, whether he would Murder the man, says that he neither

took the Cane from Mr. Powell nor made use of that expression.

Lieut. Richd. Powell having heard the Evidence

on the side of the Complainant, is put on his Defence and saith that

on Wednesday last, Mr. Leslie dined with him, and at about

half an hour past four O'Clock, As he stood on the Steps near his own

Door, he from thence heard a Noise at the other end of the Pavillion

on which he went up the Steps, and into Mr. Leslie's Room, where he

saw one Sheffer and Eddrington the Complainant standing in the

room, while the said Leslie was reprimanding his Servant, for

having made a slop in the said Room; on which, he judged it improper

that the said two men should listen to what passed between an

Officer and his Servant, and he for that reason, ordered them out.

That the said Sheffer readily comply'd and went out, but the other

made him no answer but did not go out, on which he took him to the Door

and shoved him out, whereon the Complainant took hold of him

by the Collar, and he the defendant pushed him from him, and

struck him with his right hand on the Nose. That he the Defendant

then went into Mr. Leslie's Room, and coming out soon after, he saw said

two Men standing on the pavement near the Steps. That the said

Eddrington, on seeing him, began to speake to him, and attempted

to come up the Steps, with design as he imagines, to strike him on

which the said Sheffer took hold of him, pulled him back and wanted him

to go down the Valley, but would not go, and threatened to make a

Complaint, on which the said Defendant struck him, and the [...]

Complainent went of, that about six O'Clock the same Evening

coming down the Valley saw the Complainant sitting upon the

bench Opposite the Church, that he Eddrington then came over to

the defendant telling him, that he had used him very ill, and that

he was going to make his Complaint to the Governor, and swearing he

would make him pay dear sauce for it, that the defendant then lifted

up his cane desiring him to go about his business, but continuing

to follow said defendant talking the way down he then, below

the Garden Gate finding the Complainant persisting in following

him, struck him two strokes with his Cane, and then went to

the Officers Guard Room and the said Eddrington to the line Gate.

Powell asked Gurling whether he had taken the cane from him, or had asked Powell whether he meant to murder the man. Gurling said he had neither taken the cane from Powell nor used those words.

Lieutenant Richard Powell, having heard the evidence for the complainant, was then put on his defence. He stated on oath that Leslie had dined with him on the previous Wednesday. At about half past four, while he stood on the steps near his own door, he heard a disturbance at the far end of the Pavilion. He went up the steps into Leslie's room. There he found Shaffer and Eddrington standing in the room while Leslie was reprimanding his servant for making a mess on the floor. Powell thought it improper for two private soldiers to listen to what passed between an officer and his servant, so he ordered them out.

Shaffer left at once. Eddrington made no answer but did not go, so Powell took him to the door and pushed him out. Eddrington then seized Powell by the collar. Powell pushed him off and struck him on the nose with his right hand. Powell then went back into Leslie's room. When he came out shortly afterwards, he saw the two men standing on the pavement near the steps. On seeing him, Eddrington began to speak to him and tried to come up the steps, with the intention, as Powell believed, of striking him. Shaffer took hold of Eddrington, pulled him back and urged him to go down the valley. Eddrington would not go and threatened to make a complaint, whereupon Powell struck him, and Eddrington went off.

At about six the same evening, Powell was walking down the valley when he saw Eddrington sitting on the bench opposite the church. Eddrington came across and told him that he had treated him very badly, that he was going to complain to the Governor and that he would make Powell pay dearly for it. Powell raised his cane and told him to go about his business. Eddrington kept following him and talking all the way down the street. Below the garden gate, finding that Eddrington would not stop following him, Powell struck him twice with his cane. Powell then went to the officers' guardroom, and Eddrington went on to the gate in the lines.

Interpretations

Powell's defence turned on a single claim that no other witness supported: that Eddrington seized him by the collar in Leslie's doorway. For a private soldier to lay hands on an officer was a grave offence under the Articles of War. If believed, it would recast the first blow as Powell defending himself. Shaffer, White and Leslie, all present, said nothing of it.

Powell also admitted, in his own account, that he struck Eddrington on the steps after the soldier threatened to complain. That admission worked against him. It showed an officer punishing a man for proposing to bring a grievance to the Governor, the very right the Council had upheld in Towers's case on 2 November 1772. The Pavilion was the range of officers' quarters in Jamestown, which explains why the quarrel began among officers' rooms and their servants.

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that the said Eddrington again came where he was saying that he would

Complain, on which the said defendant went to him and again struck the

said Eddrington four or five blows, Mr. Gurling officer of the Guard then

came desiring the defendant to desist, with which he immediately complyed

Mr. Powell being asked whether he had any Evidences

to call upon, Answered, he had none or any thing further to offer in his defence

We having considered the Complainants Charge against Lt.

Richd. Powell, and the Evidences he has produced in support of the said

Complaint, as well as the said Rd. Powells defence without any evidences

in Contradiction to the said Charge prefered against him by the

Complainant, and also considering the said Lieut. Rd. Powells defence as

rather supporting the Complainants charge than endeavouring to confute

the same, excepting when he alledges the Complainants collaring him

which he has not proved, and are of opinion is not true, as we cannot conceive

how an Officer could have suffered such an insult from a Soldier, (which by the

Article's of War is mutiny) without bringing the said offender to a Court Martial

And it appearing clearly to us, that the Complainant has

proved his Charge against Lieut. Richd. Powell, and that the said Lt. Rd. Powell

has beat and Abused the said Eddrington, in a very cruel manner, and highly

unbecoming the Character of an Officer and Gentleman, We have thought

proper in order to put a stop to so great Irregularity in Officers for the future to

suspend the said Lieut. Richard Powell from his Rank and Pay for the term

of Six Months from the date hereof.

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

Powell went on to say that Eddrington came up again where he was standing and said he would complain. Powell went over to him and struck him four or five more blows. Mr Gurling, the officer of the guard, then came and told him to stop, and Powell did so at once.

Powell was asked whether he had any witnesses to call. He said he had none, and nothing more to offer in his defence.

The Council considered Eddrington's charge against Lieutenant Richard Powell, the evidence brought in support of it and Powell's defence. Powell had produced no evidence to contradict the charge. The Council found that his own defence tended to support the complaint rather than refute it. The one exception was his claim that Eddrington had seized him by the collar. Powell had not proved this, and the Council did not believe it. It could not see how an officer could have suffered such an insult from a soldier without bringing him before a court martial, since under the Articles of War the act amounted to mutiny.

The Council found that Eddrington had clearly proved his charge. Powell had beaten and abused him in a very cruel manner, wholly unbecoming the character of an officer and a gentleman. To put a stop to such serious misconduct among officers in future, the Council suspended Lieutenant Richard Powell from his rank and pay for six months from that day. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The Council passed over the course of weighing Powell's word against Eddrington's on the alleged seizure by the collar. Instead it tested the claim against Powell's own conduct. Laying hands on an officer was mutiny under the Articles of War, and any officer so treated would have had the soldier arrested and court-martialled at once. Powell had done nothing of the kind. Its absence from the record was enough for the Council to treat the story as invented after the event, without needing a witness to contradict it.

The sentence was far heavier than the fortnight's suspension imposed on Lieutenant Robert Gurling for caning Gunner Thomas Towers on 2 November 1772. Six months without rank or pay cost Powell about £73, nearly half a year's income. The difference reflected the facts on the record. Gurling had struck one man once in the course of duty. Powell had beaten Eddrington repeatedly, in the barrack and again through the public street, and had done so expressly because the soldier said he would complain to the Governor. The Council's stated aim of stopping "irregularity in officers" shows that it saw a pattern emerging and meant this second sentence to end it.

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5th April

At a Consultation held on Monday the 5th Day of April 1773

at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr.

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Counl.

The last Consultation was read approved, and signed dated the 2d. April 1773

Saturday the 3d. Died Charles Son of Mr. Richard Goodwin Planter

We this day Executed the renewal of a Lease to

Simon Whaley Carpenters Mate for four Acres of Land lyeing in the

South Division of this Island At five Shillings p Acre

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that he

has been onboard the Ship Shrewsbury to Muster her Company,

and enquire for deserters but found none, her Muster Roll is as follow

Viz.

Muster Roll of Ship Shrewsbury

Benjamin Jones Commander

James Mitchel 1st Mate

John Hall 2 Do.

Geo. Hutchinson 3 Do.

Robt. Jones 4 Do.

Ellis Bartlett 5 Do.

James Moffat Surgeon

Richd. Lockyer Purser

Stephen Camp Midship.

R. Saml. Hafford Do.

Willm. Tebbs Do.

Willm. James Do.

John Thomas Boatswain

John Ellis Carpenter

Mark Calder Gunner

Robt. Maynard Shp. Stew.

Thos. Lufstrap Captn. Do.

Peter Matthews Qr. Master

Fredk. Brown Do.

Joseph Fisher Do.

John Carey Do.

Francis Stephenson Do.

Charles Johnson Cooper

Matthew Maher Surg. Mate

Jos. Allen Gunners Do.

John Dorrel Carpr. Do.

Saml. Mose Joiner

Fran. Smith Boatsn. 1 Mate

James Barrell Do. 2 Do.

John Brooks Armourer

John Miller Caulker

Richd. Heathfield

Willm. Law Ships Cook

Nicholas Wheat Butcher

John White Poulterer

John Jones Captn. Servt.

Peter Ormiston Do. Do.

Wm. Thompson Chief Mr. Do.

Lewis Williams Second Mr. Do.

Jam. Bates Surgeons Do.

Edw. Harris Carpr. Do.

Thos. Hollands Boatsn. Do.

John Mell Gunr. Do.

John Maher Seaman

Robt. Jones

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 5 April 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 2 April.

Charles, son of Richard Goodwin, a planter, died on Saturday 3 April.

The Council executed the renewal of a lease to Simon Whaley, the carpenter's mate, for four acres in the South Division of the island at a rent of 5s an acre.

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Shrewsbury to muster her company and search for deserters, and had found none. The ship's muster roll began as follows.

Benjamin Jones, commander

James Mitchel, first mate

John Hall, second mate

George Hutchinson, third mate

Robert Jones, fourth mate

Ellis Bartlett, fifth mate

James Moffat, surgeon

Richard Lockyer, purser

Stephen Camp, midshipman

Robert Samuel Halford, midshipman

William Tebbs, midshipman

William James, midshipman

John Thomas, boatswain

John Ellis, carpenter

Mark Calder, gunner

Robert Maynard, ship's steward

Thomas Leapthorp, captain's steward

Peter Matthews, quartermaster

Ferdinand Brown, quartermaster

Joseph Fisher, quartermaster

John Carey, quartermaster

Francis Stephenson, quartermaster

Charles Johnson, cooper

Matthew Maher, surgeon's mate

Joseph Allen, gunner's mate

John Dorrel, carpenter's mate

Samuel Mose, joiner

Francis Smith, boatswain's first mate

James Burrell, boatswain's second mate

John Brooks, armourer

John Miller, caulker

Richard Heathfield, [...]

William Laws, ship's cook

Nicholas Whit, butcher

John White, poulterer

John Lewis, captain's servant

Peter Oderwicke, captain's servant

William Thompson, chief mate's servant

Lewis Williams, second mate's servant

James Bates, surgeon's servant

Edward Harris, carpenter's servant

Thomas Hollands, boatswain's servant

John Mell, gunner's servant

John Maher, seaman

Robert Jones, seaman

Interpretations

Simon Whaley had petitioned for the renewal of his expired lease on 21 December 1772, and the Council granted it that day. The lease itself was executed only now, more than three months later. A grant in council settled the principle, but the deed had to be drawn up, signed and recorded before the tenant held the land on secure terms. A rent of 5s an acre a year was a modest charge on cultivated land in the South Division, which was among the better farming country on the island.

355

351

1773

William Poole Seaman

John Rogers

John Bentley

Thos. Ashe

John Barton

Saml. Collet

Richd. Avery

John Wolner

John Lampard

James Hopthis

John Shepherd

Edward Harris

Alexd. Joseph

Hugh Pattimon

Richd. Wolfe

Edward Flyan

Robt. Costine

James French

Richd. Whaley

James Tibby

Robt. Abbott

Enas Loines

Joseph Gilby Seaman

George Grimes

Edward Obryon

Robt. Ringer

John Bell

John Lancaster

John Collings

Richd. Davis

Alexd. Marshal

Jno. Monk Noughder

John Smith

John Pounds

William Burgan

Jon. Congdon

James Sexton

Henry Payne

Richd. Swanton

Andrew Ross

Antonio Joseph

George Hope

James Fife

Robt. Coffery

Mahamet Seaman

Murd. Mc. Cloud

Edward Owing

Danl. Roberston

Richd. Pomeroy

Arthur Hendbone

Chris. Ireland

John Smith

John Gilby

Charles Jones

John Miller

Peter Fennester

John Mants

Christopher Joseph

Willm. Young

Joseph Marshal

Manual Joseph

Nathl. Foster

Joseph Allen

John Thomas

Pedro Joka

John Pevis

Passengers

Edw. Ironsides

John Hervey

Twist

Richards

Johnson

Charles Boyer

3 Black Girls

(Signed)

Benjamin Jones

Willm. Kingscott Private this day Petitioned for his discharge

from the Garrison having Procured Thomas Matthews to serve the remainder

of his Contracted time

Granted

The muster roll of the Shrewsbury continued with the remaining seamen and the passengers.

William Poole, seaman

John Rogers, seaman

John Bentley, seaman

Thomas Ashe, seaman

John Barton, seaman

Samuel Collet, seaman

Richard Avery, seaman

John Warner, seaman

John Lampard, seaman

James Hopthis, seaman

John Shepherd, seaman

Edward Harris, seaman

Alexander Joseph, seaman

Hugh Patterson, seaman

Richard Wolfe, seaman

Edward Flynn, seaman

Robert Costine, seaman

James French, seaman

Richard Whaley, seaman

James Tibby, seaman

Robert Abbott, seaman

Enas Loines, seaman

Joseph Gilby, seaman

George Grimes, seaman

Edward Obryon, seaman

Robert Pinger, seaman

John Bell, seaman

John Lancaster, seaman

John Collings, seaman

Richard Davis, seaman

Alexander Marshal, seaman

John Menk Noughder, seaman

John Smith, seaman

John Pounds, seaman

William Burgan, seaman

Jonathan Congdon, seaman

James Sexton, seaman

Henry Payne, seaman

Richard Swanton, seaman

Andrew Ross, seaman

Antonio Joseph, seaman

George Hope, seaman

James Fife, seaman

Robert Coffery, seaman

Mahamet, seaman

Murdoch McCloud, seaman

Edward Owing, seaman

Daniel Roberston, seaman

Richard Pomeroy, seaman

Arthur Houlbone, seaman

Christopher Ireland, seaman

John Smith, seaman

John Gilby, seaman

Charles Jones, seaman

John Miller, seaman

Peter Fennerter, seaman

John Mants, seaman

Christopher Joseph, seaman

William Young, seaman

Joseph Marshal, seaman

Manual Joseph, seaman

Nathaniel Foster, seaman

Joseph Allen, seaman

John Thomas, seaman

Pedro Joka, seaman

John Powis, seaman

Edward Ironsides, passenger

John Hervey, passenger

Twist, passenger

Richards, passenger

Johnson, passenger

Charles Boyer, passenger

Black girls, 3, passengers

Benjamin Jones signed the roll as commander.

William Kingscott, a private, petitioned for his discharge from the garrison. He had found Thomas Matthews to serve out the rest of his contracted term in his place. The Council granted it.

Interpretations

Kingscott had not completed his term, so the default answer to his petition was refusal. The Council granted it because he supplied a substitute, which left the garrison at the same strength. Allowing a soldier to buy his way out by finding a replacement cost the Company nothing, provided the substitute was fit to serve. It also gave the Council a ready recruit at a time when men had to be drawn from passing ships. The arrangement was common in the armies of the period, and the substitute was usually paid privately by the man he replaced.

356

352

5th April

Finding that the 2 Bales of Coffee taken out of Duke

of Cumberland was not sufficient for the consumption of the Island. We

agreed to take 3 Bales from the Shrewsbury, And gave the Captn. the

following Order.

To Captain Benjamin Jones

Commander of Ship Shrewsbury

Sir

You are hereby Ordered to send on shore 3 Bales of

the Honorable Company's Coffee for the Use of this Island.

We are

St. Helena

5 April 1773

Sir Your humble Servants

(signed)

John Skottowe

Daniel Corneille

Matthew Parling

Matthew Bazett

We this day received the following Letter from

Captain Tippet.

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

& Council

Gentlemen

I have the Honor to Acquaint you

that the workmen were Employ'd Chiefly the last Quarter in

carrying Onwards the new Church, rebuilding the Alarm house on

the Ridge, and repairing ye. Honorable Company's houses in James

Valley.

I do propose with your permission Gentlemen this Quarter

to Employ the workmen, in prosecuting with all expedition the new

Church, and rebuild the parapet wall, from the drawbridge, leading

to the lower guard house, which is almost wash'd down by the Surf;

The two bales of coffee taken from the Duke of Cumberland proved too little for the island's needs. The Council therefore decided to take three bales from the Shrewsbury. It sent Captain Benjamin Jones a written order, dated at St Helena on 5 April 1773, to land three bales of the Company's coffee for the use of the island. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the order.

The Council received a letter from Captain Tippet. He reported that during the past quarter the workmen had been employed chiefly on the new church, on rebuilding the alarm house on the Ridge and on repairing the Company's houses in James's Valley. With the Council's permission, he proposed to spend the coming quarter pressing on with the new church as quickly as possible. He also proposed to rebuild the parapet wall running from the drawbridge to the lower guardhouse, which the surf had almost washed away.

Interpretations

The coffee came out of the Shrewsbury's homeward cargo, which belonged to the Company and was bound for sale in London. Ordering bales ashore from a Company ship was the simplest way to supply the island, since it needed no purchase and no cash, only a transfer between two of the Company's accounts. The commander could not refuse a written order from the Governor and Council. Coffee shipped from Bombay was probably Mocha coffee from the Red Sea, the best known in Europe at the time.

The alarm house on the Ridge was one of the signal posts whose guns gave warning of ships approaching the island. Rebuilding it, and repairing the parapet wall that the sea was undermining near the drawbridge at Jamestown, kept the island's defences in order alongside the larger civil work on the church.

357

353

1773

Chiefly owing to its being built with dirt Mortar

I have the Honor to be

Gentlemen

Your Most Obedient Servant

St. Helena

5 April 1773

(signed)

James Tippet

We gave Captain Tippet Orders to Prosecute the Church with

all expedition, And will take an opportunity of viewing the parapet wall

from the draw bridge to the Sea gate and shall give him directions accordingly.

Ordered the following Avertisement to be

published Viz.

Island St. Helena 5th April 1773

This is to give Notice to all the Inhabitants upon the said

Island, that they are hereby required to meet in Vestry at the Chappel in

this Valley on monday next, to choose Parish Officers for the ensuing Year

they are likewise to return three of the Principal Inhabitants that one may be elected

to serve the Office of Sheriff, and to choose a proper person for a Constable

Per Order of Council.

(signed)

B. Knipe Secy.

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

Captain Tippet added that the wall had decayed chiefly because it had been built with mortar of earth. He signed the letter at St Helena on 5 April 1773.

The Council ordered Tippet to press on with the church as quickly as possible. It decided to inspect the parapet wall from the drawbridge to the sea gate itself before giving him directions about it.

The Council ordered a public notice to be published, dated at St Helena on 5 April 1773. It required all the island's inhabitants to meet in vestry at the chapel in James's Valley on the following Monday to choose the parish officers for the coming year. They were also to put forward the names of three leading inhabitants, one of whom would be chosen to serve as sheriff, and to choose a suitable person as constable. Britannicus Wright issued the notice as secretary on the Council's order, and Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The Council approved the church at once but held back on the parapet wall, though Tippet had asked for both. The wall was a repair of uncertain extent, and Tippet's own letter blamed the old builders for using earth instead of lime in the mortar. That raised the question of whether a patch would serve or the whole length had to be rebuilt in lime, at far greater cost in labour and in lime burned at Sandy Bay. The Council chose to view the wall itself before committing to either course.

The vestry gave the inhabitants a real voice in local government, within limits the Council set. They elected their own churchwardens and constable outright. For the sheriff, the senior civil officer responsible for juries, writs and the custody of prisoners, they could only nominate three candidates, and the Governor and Council chose among them. This mirrored the English practice of pricking a sheriff from a short list, and kept an office with real power over the courts in the government's hands.

358

354

12th April

At a Consultation held on Monday 12th day of April 1773

at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr.

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 5th of

April 1773.

Wednesday the 7th Arrived the Greenwiches Boat at Bankses at eleven o'Clock

in the fore noon

Wednesday Do. Do. The Honorable Company's Ship Greenwich from

Bengal. last from the Cape

Thursday the eight, Arrived the Duke of Cumberlands Boat at Bankses at

a quarter of an hour after nine o'Clock at Night.

Friday the 9th Arrived The Honorable Company's Ship Duke of Cumberland

from Bombay (last from the Cape)

Friday the 9th sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Shrewsbury for England

Saturday the 10th Died Mr. George Bazett Assist. Storekeeper

Yesterday Arrived the Honorable Company's Ship Royal Captain

from England by which opportunity, we received a Packet from the

Honorable the Court of Directors, which we Opened and read, And acquainted

Messrs. Farrell and Leech with the Company's Confirmation of their

Appointments.

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that

he has been aboard of the Ships Greenwich and Duke of Cumberland to

Muster their Company's, and enquire for Deserters, but found none, their

Muster Rolls are as follows.

Muster Roll of Ship Greenwich

Robt. Carr Commander

Michael Pallister 1 Mate

Willm. Roberston 2 Do.

John Tea 3 Do.

Wm. Blundell 4 Mate

Henry Gunter 5 Do.

R. Smith Bird Surgeon

Godfrey Scholey Purser

Jno. Bourke Mid. & Coxn.

John Rogers Midshipman

George Wright Do.

John Townsend Do.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 12 April 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 5 April.

The Greenwich's boat landed at Banks's at eleven in the morning on Wednesday 7 April. The Company's ship Greenwich arrived the same day from Bengal, having called last at the Cape. The Duke of Cumberland's boat landed at Banks's at a quarter past nine at night on Thursday 8 April. The Company's ship Duke of Cumberland arrived from Bombay on Friday 9 April, also by way of the Cape. The Shrewsbury sailed for England the same day.

George Bazett, the assistant storekeeper, died on Saturday 10 April.

The Company's ship Royal Captain arrived from England on Sunday 11 April. She brought a packet from the Court of Directors, which the Council opened and read. It informed James Farrell and Robert Leech that the Company had confirmed their appointments.

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Greenwich and the Duke of Cumberland to muster their companies and search for deserters, and had found none. The muster rolls were entered as follows.

The muster roll of the Greenwich began with these men.

Robert Carr, commander

Michael Pallister, first mate

William Robertson, second mate

John Fea, third mate

William Blundell, fourth mate

Henry Gunter, fifth mate

R Smith Bird, surgeon

Godfrey Scholey, purser

John Bourke, midshipman and coxswain

John Rogers, midshipman

George Wright, midshipman

John Townsend, midshipman

Interpretations

The Governor and Council could fill vacancies on the island at once, but every appointment they made was provisional until the Court of Directors confirmed it. James Farrell had been taken on as surgeon's mate after John Pritchard's death on 10 July 1772, and Robert Leech had moved from steward to writer. Both men had been paid in their new posts for months before the Court's approval came out in the Royal Captain. A refusal from London could have undone either appointment. The Court's confirmation gave them secure standing in the Company's service and a place on its list of servants for future promotion.

George Bazett's death left the post of assistant storekeeper vacant only months after he had taken it up on James Pavell's death in August 1772. He had also served as writer and clerk of the works. His loss stripped the stores and the public works of a trained clerk at the busiest season of the year, with the homeward ships crowding the roads.

359

355

1773

Nevl. Lewis Midshipman

Henry Wm. Davis Gunner

John Allen Boatswain

John Cooper Carpenter

Thos. Moorhouse Sailmaker

Willm. Jarvis Caulker

Willm. Rye Armourer

John Bullet Cooper

Wm. Frears Ships Steward

Snydell Dear Captn. Do.

Josh. Champaignac Captn. Cook

Christn. Schaper Ships Do.

John Grant Butcher

Peter Morton Poulterer

Thos. Jameson Surgns. Mate

John Davidson Carpenters Do.

John Stringer Do. Do.

Henry Duncan Gunners Do.

Quin. Hunter Boatn. Mate

John Hinds Do. Do.

John Wilakes Coopers Do.

Matthw. Willson Quarter Mast.

Isaack Foster Do.

George Bond Do.

George Stewart Do.

John Johnson Do.

George Greeking Do.

John Evans Seaman

John Crosdale

Michal Corry

Willm. Griffiths

Henry Collon Seaman

William Dring

John King

John Harrison

Hugh Grayton

Michael Walters

Alexd. Simonster

John Reay

Peter Nelson

Charles Parker

John Savage

Thos. Bowhay

Willm. Pinkney

Saml. Wright

Robt. Fleming

John Gibson

Charls Beane

Willm. Hunter

George Taylor

James Price

Willm. Williams

Roberts Powell

Peter Hilley

Benjamin Phillips

John Cox

James Barber

George Pearnes

Robt. Pask

Thos. Wilkie

Mathias Henry

John Joanna

Emanual Baptista

James Coleman

Edward Southcombe

Nichs. Henley

Benjamin Williams

Henry Walker

George O'Hara

Matthew Cameron

Thos. Smith

Simon Simonds

Jno. Hendrick Kraup

John Henry

Moses Brown

John Tate

George Cias

Walter Buchanan

Robt. Rainsbow

Robert Brookspeare

Thos. Middlesea

Geo. England

John Jones

Benjamin Morris

John King

Joseph Bird

John Peterham

John Rolf

Lewis Antony

John Janson

Edward Suaval

Passengers

Mr. Mc. Kenzie

Mrs. Scott

Miss Gladman

Captn. Mc. Kenzie

Mr. Jam. Anderson

Mr. Imhoff

Mr. Jam. Stewart

Mr. Robert Bruce

Mr. Partrick Livermoore

Mr. Saml. Hayward

Mr. Levy

3 Black Girls and three Boys

(signed)

Robt. Carr

The muster roll of the Greenwich continued with the remaining men and the passengers.

Nendle Lewis, midshipman

Henry William Davis, gunner

John Allen, boatswain

John Cooper, carpenter

Thomas Moorhouse, sailmaker

William Jarvis, caulker

William Pye, armourer

John Bullet, cooper

William Frears, ship's steward

Twydell Dear, captain's steward

Joseph Champaignac, captain's cook

Christopher Schaper, ship's cook

John Grant, butcher

Peter Morton, poulterer

Thomas Jameson, surgeon's mate

John Davidson, carpenter's mate

John Stringer, carpenter's mate

Henry Duncan, gunner's mate

Duncan Hunter, boatswain's mate

John Hinds, boatswain's mate

John Wilkes, cooper's mate

Matthew Wilson, quartermaster

Isaac Foster, quartermaster

George Bond, quartermaster

George Stewart, quartermaster

John Johnson, quartermaster

George Greeking, quartermaster

John Evans, seaman

John Croasdale, seaman

Michael Corry, seaman

William Griffiths, seaman

Henry Collon, seaman

William Dring, seaman

John King, seaman

John Harrison, seaman

Hugh Grayton, seaman

Michael Walters, seaman

Alexander Simonster, seaman

John Reay, seaman

Peter Nelson, seaman

Charles Parker, seaman

John Savage, seaman

Thomas Bowhay, seaman

William Pinkney, seaman

Samuel Wright, seaman

Robert Fleming, seaman

John Gibson, seaman

Charles Beane, seaman

William Hunter, seaman

George Taylor, seaman

James Price, seaman

William Williams, seaman

Robert Powell, seaman

Peter Kelly, seaman

Benjamin Phillips, seaman

John Cox, seaman

James Barber, seaman

George Pearmes, seaman

Robert Peck, seaman

Thomas Wilkie, seaman

Mathias Henry, seaman

John Jeamone, seaman

Emanuel Baptista, seaman

James Coleman, seaman

Edward Southcome, seaman

Nicholas Henley, seaman

Benjamin Williams, seaman

Henry Walker, seaman

George O'Hara, seaman

Matthew Cameron, seaman

Thomas Smith, seaman

Simon Simonds, seaman

John Hendrick Swaup, seaman

John Henry, seaman

Moses Brown, seaman

John Tate, seaman

George Elias, seaman

Walter Buchanan, seaman

Robert Rainsbow, seaman

Robert Brakspeare, seaman

Thomas Middlesea, seaman

George England, seaman

John Jones, seaman

Benjamin Morris, seaman

John King, seaman

Joseph Bird, seaman

John Peterham, seaman

John Rolf, seaman

Lewis Antony, seaman

John Janson, seaman

Edward Pascal, seaman

Mrs McKenzie, passenger

Mrs Scott, passenger

Miss Gladman, passenger

Captain McKenzie, passenger

James Anderson, passenger

Mr Imhoff, passenger

James Stewart, passenger

Robert Bruce, passenger

Patrick Livermore, passenger

Samuel Hayward, passenger

Mr Levy, passenger

Black girls, 3, and black boys, 3, passengers

Robert Carr signed the roll as commander.

360

356

12 April

Muster Roll of Ship Duke of Cumberland

Augustus Savage Commd.

Joseph Hall 1 Mate

Henry Dennis 2 Do.

Josiah Butcher 3 Do.

Thos. Wm. Coggan 4 Do.

David Boriston Purser

John Chier Surgeon

James Cunningham 5 Mate

Abm. Bailey Mid. & Coxn.

Wm. How Midshipman

John Wilkinson Do.

Charles Lindegreen Do.

Robt. Woodfield Do.

Willm. Aldridge Gunr.

Frances Coltsworth Boatn.

Thoml. Boulton Carpent.

George Smith Ship Steward

John Bilsworth Capt. Do.

James Petfield Caulker

Alexd. Bishop Cooper

Justice Anderson Sailmaker

John Brooks Armourer

James Wyer Gunr. Mate

James Pead Mr. 2 Do.

John Neal Boatswain Do.

Saml. Hughes Carp. Mate

Willm. Charmbond 2 Do.

Joseph Robian Caulkers Do.

Danl. Mc. Donald Coop. Do.

John Underwood Qr. Master

Georg Munro Do.

Edmund Roop Do.

John Walmsley Butcher

Jam. Nugent Poulterer

Stephen Gaffney Capt. Cook

Saml. Anderson Ships Do.

Saml. Eachel Baker

George Hinton Barber

Lomer Smith Taylor

William Robinson C. Stewd.

Wm. Blakenden Do.

Lewis Swan 1 Mate Do.

John Young 2 Do. Do.

Thos. Hopkins Boatn. Do.

Benj. May Gunr. Do.

John Elliot Carpt. Do.

Wm. Crockland Surg. Do.

John Swan Seaman

John Coxtey

Peter Brown

Jonas Sungbury

Hans Valline

Andrew Simmons

Chris. Mardley

Albert Johnson

George Wiscot

Morris Higgins

John Burn

Henry Shaw

Andrew Fonder

Henry Condy

Willm. Stevens

Matthew Watkins

John Troop

Abraham Billon

Thos. Jones

George Mc. Neal

Roger Groat

John Mc. Farland

Anthony Gay

Francis Boyle

John Forsman

James Ward

James Hatchet

Danl. Taylor

Duml. Mc. Viccar

Partrick Burn

Peter Fletcher

John Emmit

Partrick Mc. Gin

Roger Taylor

Willm. Hey

John Ford

Bernard Bonson

John Shelton

Chris. Anderson

John Herring

James Tucker

Richd. Humphrey

Thos. Clutterback

John Green

James Thompson

John Cook

Joseph Hancock

Willm. Westwood

John White

Abraham Sunburgh

Andres Wakenburgh

Peter Harris

John Orlone

Peter Appelboon

The muster roll of the Duke of Cumberland listed the following men.

Augustus Savage, commander

Joseph Hall, first mate

Henry Dennis, second mate

Jeremiah Butcher, third mate

Thomas William Coggan, fourth mate

David Boston, purser

John Cheer, surgeon

James Cunningham, surgeon's mate

Abraham Bailey, midshipman and coxswain

William How, midshipman

John Wilkinson, midshipman

Charles Lindegren, midshipman

Robert Woodfield, midshipman

William Aldridge, gunner

Francis Coatsworth, boatswain

Thomas Boulton, carpenter

George Smith, ship's steward

John Bilsworth, captain's steward

James Sutfield, caulker

Alexander Bishop, cooper

Justice Anderson, sailmaker

John Brooks, armourer

James Wyer, gunner's first mate

James Paul, gunner's second mate

John Neal, boatswain's mate

Samuel Hughes, carpenter's first mate

William Chambers, carpenter's second mate

Joseph Robins, caulker's mate

Daniel McDonald, cooper's mate

John Underwood, quartermaster

George Munro, quartermaster

Edmund Ross, quartermaster

John Walmsley, butcher

James Nugent, poulterer

Stephen Gaffney, captain's cook

Lewis Anderson, ship's cook

Samuel Ezekiel, baker

George Hinton, barber

James Smith, tailor

William Robinson, [...]

William Blakinden, [...]

Lewis Swan, [...] mate

John Young, [...] second mate

Thomas Hopkins, boatswain's [...]

Benjamin May, gunner's [...]

John Elliot, [...]

William Crickland, surgeon's [...]

John Swan, seaman

John Conley, seaman

Peter Brown, seaman

Jonas Sungbury, seaman

Hans Valline, seaman

Andrew Simmons, seaman

Christopher Mardley, seaman

Albert Johnson, seaman

George Wescot, seaman

Morris Higgins, seaman

John Burn, seaman

Henry Shaw, seaman

Andrew Fonder, seaman

Henry Gundy, seaman

William Stevens, seaman

Matthew Watkins, seaman

John Troop, seaman

Abraham Billon, seaman

Thomas Jones, seaman

George McNeal, seaman

Roger Grout, seaman

John McFarland, seaman

Anthony Gay, seaman

Francis Boyle, seaman

John Forsman, seaman

James Ward, seaman

James Hatchet, seaman

Daniel Taylor, seaman

Duncan McVicar, seaman

Patrick Burn, seaman

Peter Fletcher, seaman

John Emmet, seaman

Patrick McGin, seaman

Roger Taylor, seaman

William Hays, seaman

John Ford, seaman

Bernard Bonson, seaman

John Shelton, seaman

Christopher Anderson, seaman

John Herring, seaman

James Tucker, seaman

Richard Humphry, seaman

Thomas Clutterbuck, seaman

John Green, seaman

James Thompson, seaman

John Cook, seaman

Joseph Hancock, seaman

William Westwood, seaman

John White, seaman

Abraham Lenburgh, seaman

Andrew Wahenburgh, seaman

Peter Harris, seaman

John Orlone, seaman

Peter Appelboon, seaman

361

357

1773

Passengers

Mrs. Hornby & 2 Children

Mrs. Hunter

Mrs. Johnson

Miss Wardman

Eleven Servants

(signed)

Augustus Savage

Lieutenants Thomas and John Bazett and Simon Whaley Carpr.

Mate this day presented the following Petitions.

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governor &c.

Council of St. Helena

The humble Petition of Thomas and John Bazett

Sheweth

That your Petitioners Brother George Bazett

having Died Intestate, request your Worships and Council will be

pleased to grant them Letters of Administration.

And your petitioners will ever pray

St. Helena

12th April 1773

Granted

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Governr.

&c. Council of St. Helena

The Humble Petition of Simon Whaley

Sheweth

That your Petitioner is desirous of disposing of his

right in a Lease for four Acres of Land lyeing in the South Division of this Island

humbly request your Worships and Council will give him leave so to do,

and Accept of Mr. John Price tenant for the same.

An your Petitioner will ever pray

12 April 1773

(signed)

S. Whaley

Granted

The passengers aboard the Duke of Cumberland were the following.

Mrs Hornby and her children, 2, passengers

Mrs Hunter, passenger

Mrs Johnson, passenger

Miss Wardman, passenger

Servants, 11, passengers

Augustus Savage signed the roll as commander.

Lieutenants Thomas and John Bazett and Simon Whaley, the carpenter's mate, presented petitions to the Council.

Thomas and John Bazett stated that their brother George Bazett had died without making a will. They asked the Governor and Council to grant them letters of administration of his estate. The Council granted the petition on 12 April 1773.

Simon Whaley stated that he wished to dispose of his lease of four acres in the South Division of the island. He asked the Council's leave to do so and asked it to accept John Price as tenant in his place. The Council granted the petition on 12 April 1773.

Interpretations

The Council had executed the renewal of Whaley's lease only on 5 April 1773, a week before he asked to sell it. An expired lease gave its holder nothing to sell, while a newly renewed one gave the buyer a full term at a known rent. Whaley had probably applied for the renewal with the sale already in mind, and the Council's prompt consent to John Price as tenant shows it had no objection to a lease changing hands so quickly.

A man who died without a will left no executor, and his goods could not be collected or his debts paid until someone was given legal authority over the estate. Letters of administration supplied that authority. The Council granted them to the dead man's nearest kin, here his two brothers, both lieutenants in the garrison, who would then answer to the Council for a proper inventory and distribution of George Bazett's estate.

362

358

12th April

The Ships Greenwich and Duke of Cumberland

Brought us the following supply.

Invoice of Ship Greenwich

Fine Rice

60 Bags Wt. Bmd. 120 @ 2 . 4 p Bmd.

291 . 9 . 6

Paddy

15 Bags Wt. Bmd. 22 . 20 @ 14 p Do.

19 . 11

Sugar

10 Bags Wt. 20 @ 15 p Bmd.

300 . - . -

Wax Candles

4 Chests Wt. 8 @ 70 p Do.

560

Batavia Arrack

2 Leagers @ 300 Rs. p Leager

648

1819 . 4 . 6

Charges Merchandize

155 Gunny Bags @ 25 p C.

40

10 Gunneys @ 25 Do.

2 . 11 . 3

6 lb Jute Twine @ 4 p Md.

9 . 6

10 Do. Jute Rope @ 3 Do.

12

5 Gurrahs @ 1 . 4 p Ps.

4 . . 9

4 Mango Plank Chests @ 3 Rs. p Ps.

12 . 15 . 3

7 Nails @ 17 p Md.

6 . 9

40 Reed Matts @ 10 p C.

4 . 5 . 2

Coopers Work

1 . 1 . 3

Peet to Weighman

1 . 2 . 6

Packermen

12 . 9

Cooley hire

22

Boat hire

4 . 5 . 3

Sloop hire

135

Peon

2 . 2 . 6

232 . 7 . 9

Current Rupees 2051 . 12 . 3

Errors Excepted

L. Darell

Accomt. Invoice

The Greenwich and the Duke of Cumberland brought the island the following supplies.

The invoice of the Greenwich was set out in current rupees of Bengal.

Fine rice, 60 bags weighing 120 maunds, at two rupees and four annas a maund, two hundred and ninety-one rupees, nine annas and six pies

Paddy, 15 bags weighing 22 maunds 20 seers, at fourteen annas a maund, nineteen rupees and eleven annas

Sugar, 10 bags weighing 20 maunds, at fifteen rupees a maund, three hundred rupees

Wax candles, 4 chests weighing 8 maunds, at seventy rupees a maund, five hundred and sixty rupees

Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers, at [...] a leaguer, six hundred and forty-eight rupees

Goods, total, one thousand eight hundred and nineteen rupees, four annas and six pies

Gunny bags, 155, [...]

Gunny cloths, 10, forty rupees

Jute twine, 6 lb, two rupees, eleven annas and three pies

Jute rope, 10 lb, nine annas and six pies

Gurrahs, 5, twelve rupees

Mango plank chests, 4, four rupees and nine pies

Nails, 7 lb, twelve rupees, fifteen annas and three pies

Reed mats, 40, six annas and nine pies

Coopers' work, four rupees, five annas and two pies

Kit and weighman, one rupee, one anna and three pies

Packers, one rupee, two annas and six pies

Porters' hire, twelve annas and nine pies

Boat hire, twenty-two rupees

Sloop hire, four rupees, five annas and three pies

Peons, one rupee, three annas and five pies

[...], two rupees, two annas and six pies

Charges on merchandise, total, two hundred and thirty-two rupees, seven annas and nine pies

Invoice, total, two thousand and fifty-one rupees, twelve annas and three pies

L Darell signed the invoice as accountant of invoices, reserving any errors it might contain.

Interpretations

The current rupee was the money of account used in the Company's books in Bengal, a notional coin worth about 2s sterling against which the silver coins actually in circulation were valued. It was divided into 16 annas of 12 pies each. The maund was the standard Bengal weight of about 75 lb, made up of 40 seers. The wax candles explain why most of the island's candles appeared among the eastern goods in the warehouse: Bengal supplied cheap beeswax candles in quantity. At about 13d a pound these cost more than tallow, but they burned cleaner and lasted far better in the island's damp climate.

The charges show how much handling a modest shipment needed in Bengal. Gurrahs were coarse unbleached cotton cloth, used here to wrap or line the packages. The chests were made of mango wood, the cheap common timber of Bengal. Peons were the messengers and watchmen who guarded the goods on their way from the warehouse to the ship. Boat and sloop hire covered the long carriage down the Hooghly from Calcutta to the anchorage where the Indiamen loaded. Batavia arrack came from the Dutch settlement in Java and was the strongest and most prized grade of the spirit.

363

359

1773

Invoice of Ship Duke of Cumberland

Rice Beaton fine 45 Bags qty.

300 Surat Maunds @ 32 Rups. p 18 Surat Mds.

533 . 1 . 32

Batty 32 Bags each 3 Mds. Prahs @ Rs. 3 . 21 p Md. 20 lb Morah 3 . 21

76 . 3 . 20

Charges on Merchandize

Hamallage

7 . 90

Packing Charges

55 . 3

Boat Hire

5 -

67 . 3 . 90

Rupees 673 - . 43

Errors Excepted

Pr.

D. Draper

Acct.

Pursuant to an Order in Consultation of the 5th

instant, the Inhabitants this day Assembled at the Chappel in this Valley

to Choose parish Officers for the ensuing Year, and likewise to Return three

of the Principal Inhabitants that one might be elected to serve the Office of

Sheriff, and to choose a proper Person to serve in that of Constable, they

accordingly returned the following Persons Viz.

Messrs. Isaack Doveton

John Goodwin

Richd. Bagley

Sheriffs

Edward Daniels Constable

Orlando Bagley

Charles Ross Stewart

Willm. Wrangham

Church Wardens

The invoice of the Duke of Cumberland was set out in Bombay rupees.

Fine beaten rice, 45 bags weighing 300 Surat maunds, at thirty-two rupees for 18 Surat maunds, five hundred and thirty-three rupees, one quarter and thirty-two reas

Batty, 32 bags of 3 parahs each, [...], seventy-six rupees, three quarters and twenty reas

Porterage, seven rupees and ninety reas

Packing charges, fifty-five rupees and three quarters

Boat hire, five rupees

Charges on merchandise, total, sixty-seven rupees, three quarters and ninety reas

Invoice, total, six hundred and seventy-three rupees and forty-two reas

D Draper signed the invoice as accountant, reserving any errors it might contain.

On 12 April 1773, following the Council's order of 5 April, the inhabitants met at the chapel in James's Valley. They chose the parish officers for the coming year, named three leading inhabitants from whom a sheriff would be chosen, and elected a constable. They returned the following names.

Isaac Doveton, nominee for sheriff

John Goodwin, nominee for sheriff

Richard Bagley, nominee for sheriff

Edward Daniels, constable

Orlando Bagley, churchwarden

Charles Ross Stewart, churchwarden

William Wrangham, churchwarden

Interpretations

The Bombay rupee was divided into four quarters of 100 reas each, a reckoning taken over from Portuguese practice on the west coast of India. The Surat maund was a weight of about 37 lb. Batty was the name used at Bombay for rice still in the husk, the same grain the Bengal invoices called paddy, and it was measured by the parah, a local dry measure. Beaten rice had been pounded to remove the husk. Hamallage, rendered here as porterage, took its name from the hamals, the porters of western India who carried goods between warehouse and boat.

The inhabitants' choices show how closely the island's civil offices were bound up with the Company's service. John Goodwin, one of the three named for sheriff, was the Company's factor and collector of customs. The new constable, Edward Daniels, was the Company's mason. Among the churchwardens, William Wrangham was the paymaster and Charles Ross Stewart a lieutenant and adjutant of the garrison. The inhabitants had few men of standing outside the Company to choose from, so the same small group held the island's offices in church and state alike.

364

360

12th April

Robert Gurling

John Robinson

Overseers East Division

John Goodwin

Willm. Young

Do. West Do.

John Seale

James Easthope

Do. South Do.

We appointed Mr. Isaac Doveton to serve the Office

of Sheriff and Ordered Warrants to be drawn for Messrs. Orlando Bagley

and Charles Ross Stewart Church Wardens, and Robt. Gurling Wm. Young

and John Seale Overseers.

The Plantation Account for the Quarter, and the Expence

of Artillery Stores, and Stewards Accounts for the Month of March last.

were this day laid before Us, which where Examined approved of and are as

follows Viz.

Sundrys Expended at the Honorable Company's Table

in March 1773

61 Bottles Madeira

£ 6 . 2 -

6 Do. Port

9 -

18 Do. Lisbon

1 . 7 -

22 Do. Mountain

1 . 13 -

46 Do. Beer

2 . 8 . 7½

17 Gallons Arrack

2 . 11 -

lb 48 Beef

12 -

lb 317 Mutton

6 . 12 . 1

4 Turkeys

1 - . -

7 Fowls

10 . 6

6 Ducks

9 -

Carried Over

£ 21 . 15 . 2½

The inhabitants also returned the following names for overseers of the island's three divisions.

Robert Gurling, overseer, East Division

John Robinson, overseer, East Division

John Goodwin, overseer, West Division

William Young, overseer, West Division

John Seale, overseer, South Division

James Easthope, overseer, South Division

The Council appointed Isaac Doveton to serve as sheriff. It ordered warrants to be drawn up for Orlando Bagley and Charles Ross Stewart as churchwardens, and for Robert Gurling, William Young and John Seale as overseers.

The Plantation account for the quarter, and the accounts of artillery stores and of the steward for March, were laid before the Council, which examined and approved them. They were entered as follows.

The provisions consumed at the Company's table in March 1773 began as follows.

Madeira, 61 bottles, £6 2s 0d

Port, 6 bottles, £0 9s 0d

Lisbon wine, 18 bottles, £1 7s 0d

Mountain wine, 22 bottles, £1 13s 0d

Beer, 46 bottles, £0 8s 7½d

Arrack, 17 gallons, £2 11s 0d

Beef, 48 lb, £0 12s 0d

Mutton, 317 lb, £6 12s 1d

Turkeys, 4, £1 0s 0d

Fowls, 7, £0 10s 6d

Ducks, 6, £0 9s 0d

Carried forward, £21 15s 2½d

Interpretations

The election ran in two stages. The inhabitants proposed names, and the Council chose among them. For the churchwardens and the overseers the inhabitants put forward more names than there were places, and the Council picked two churchwardens out of three and one overseer from each pair. The vestry therefore gave the island's people a voice in who served, while leaving the final choice of every parish officer, not only the sheriff, with the Governor and Council. The overseers were responsible in each division for the upkeep of roads and paths and for relief of the poor, which made the posts useful to the government as well as to the parish.

365

361

1773

Brought Over

£ 21 . 15 . 2½

lb 85 Candy

2 . 12 . 6

lb 525 Flour

4 . 7 . 6

Bought for the Table Viz.

lb 178¾ Beef

3 . 14 . 5¾

4 Turkeys

1 - . -

36 Fowls

2 . 14 -

12 Ducks

18 -

2 Geese

10 -

4 Pigs

1 - . -

£ 39 - . 8½

Artillery Stores Expended in March 1773

Guns fired, 9 Prs., 6 Prs., 4 Prs., 3 Prs., lb oz

11th Alarm: Guns fired 13, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 10, 3 Prs. 3, lb oz 24 . 8

Do. Arrived the Gatton, Havannah, London & a Dane: Guns fired 36, 9 Prs. 16, 6 Prs. 20, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, lb oz 63 . 8

13 Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, lb oz 14 . 8

Do. Arrived the Osterley: Guns fired 9, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 5, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, lb oz 14 -

14 Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, lb oz 14 . 8

15 Arrived the Granby: Guns fired 9, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, lb oz 14 -

Do. Departed a Dane & Osterly no salute for the Osterley: Guns fired 9, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, lb oz 14 -

16th Departed the Gatton: Guns fired 9, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 5, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, lb oz 13 . 8

18 Alarm for three Ships passing by: Guns fired 11, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 8, 3 Prs. 3, lb oz 20 . 8

Do. Departed the London & Havannah: Guns fired 18, 9 Prs. 8, 6 Prs. 10, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, lb oz 28 -

19 Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, lb oz 14 . 8

20 Supposed for the same Ship: Guns fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, lb oz 14 . 8

Do. Arrived a Dane: Guns fired 9, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, lb oz 14 -

22 Alarm for a Ship Passing by: Guns fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, lb oz 14 . 8

23 Do. for Do. Dutch: Guns fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, lb oz 14 . 8

24 Departed the Granby: Guns fired 9, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 5, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, lb oz 13 . 8

25 Departed a Dane: Guns fired 9, 9 Prs. 4, 6 Prs. 5, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, lb oz 13 . 8

30 Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 4, 3 Prs. 2, lb oz 14 . 8

31 Arrived the Shrewsbury: Guns fired 9, 9 Prs. 5, 6 Prs. 4, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, lb oz 14 -

Powder for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 9 Prs. 0, 6 Prs. 0, 4 Prs. 0, 3 Prs. 0, lb oz 36 . 8

Total: Guns fired 192, 9 Prs. 60, 6 Prs. 66, 4 Prs. 46, 3 Prs. 19, lb oz 385 -

(signed)

James Tippet Captn. of Artillery

The provisions consumed at the Company's table in March 1773 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £21 14s 2½d

Sugar candy, 85 lb, £2 2s 6d

Flour, 525 lb, £4 7s 6d

Beef bought for the table, 178½ lb, £3 14s 5¾d

Turkeys bought for the table, 4, £1 0s 0d

Fowls bought for the table, 36, £2 14s 0d

Ducks bought for the table, 12, £0 18s 0d

Geese bought for the table, 2, £0 10s 0d

Pigs bought for the table, 4, £1 0s 0d

Total, £39 0s 8½d

The artillery stores used in March 1773 were as follows.

11 March, alarm: 13 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 10 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, 24 lb 8 oz of powder

11 March, arrival of the Gatton, Havannah, London and a Danish ship: 36 guns fired, 16 nine-pounders, 20 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 63 lb 8 oz of powder

13 March, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

13 March, arrival of the Osterley: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 14 lb 0 oz of powder

14 March, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

15 March, arrival of the Granby: 9 guns fired, 5 nine-pounders, 4 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 14 lb 0 oz of powder

15 March, departure of a Danish ship and the Osterley, with no salute for the Osterley: 9 guns fired, 5 nine-pounders, 4 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 14 lb 0 oz of powder

16 March, departure of the Gatton: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

18 March, alarm for three ships passing: 11 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 8 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, 20 lb 8 oz of powder

18 March, departure of the London and Havannah: 18 guns fired, 8 nine-pounders, 10 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 28 lb 0 oz of powder

19 March, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

20 March, alarm believed to be for the same ship: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

20 March, arrival of a Danish ship: 9 guns fired, 5 nine-pounders, 4 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 14 lb 0 oz of powder

22 March, alarm for a ship passing: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

23 March, alarm for a Dutch ship passing: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

24 March, departure of the Granby: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

25 March, departure of a Danish ship: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

30 March, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

31 March, arrival of the Shrewsbury: 9 guns fired, 5 nine-pounders, 4 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 14 lb 0 oz of powder

Powder for various services, 36 lb 8 oz

Total: 192 guns fired, 60 nine-pounders, 66 six-pounders, 46 four-pounders, 19 three-pounders, 385 lb 0 oz of powder

James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery.

Interpretations

March was the height of the homeward season, and the gun account shows it plainly. The batteries fired 192 guns and used 385 lb of powder, against 21 guns and 263 lb 12 oz in January. Every arriving and departing ship, English or Danish, received a salute of nine guns from the batteries above the roads. Every sail sighted from the heights set off an alarm from the four-pounders and three-pounders at the signal posts until the ship was known. Eight alarms were fired in the month for ships that never came in, a measure of how steadily the island's lookouts watched the sea.

366

362

12th April

Account of the Honorable Companys Stock of Neat Cattle &c. from the 1st of January to the 31st of March 1773

Neat Cattle Sheep Goats Hogs Horses Poultry

Bulls, Cows, Calves, Yearlings, Heifers, Steers, Oxen, Total, Ewes, Weathers, Lambs, Rams, Total, Ewes, Weathers, Kids, Rams, Total, Sows, Shoats, Pigs, Boars, Total, Horses, Mares, Total, Fowls, Ducks, Turkeys, Geese

Remaining: Bulls 9, Cows 106, Calves 48, Yearlings 25, Heifers 5, Steers 25, Oxen 14, Total 232, Ewes 164, Weathers 4, Lambs 90, Rams 9, Total 267, Ewes 93, Weathers 21, Kids 43, Rams 4, Total 161, Sows 4, Shoats 8, Pigs 9, Boars 1, Total 22, Horses 6, Mares 8, Total 14, Fowls 109, Ducks 31, Turkeys 57, Geese 4

Encreased: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 5, Yearlings 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Oxen 0, Total 5, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Kids 13, Rams 0, Total 13, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 14, Boars 0, Total 14, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0, Fowls 18, Ducks 20, Turkeys 0, Geese 0

Received: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 2, Yearlings 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Oxen 0, Total 2, Ewes 25, Weathers 165, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 190, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0, Fowls 0, Ducks 0, Turkeys 0, Geese 0

Total: Bulls 9, Cows 106, Calves 55, Yearlings 25, Heifers 5, Steers 25, Oxen 14, Total 239, Ewes 189, Weathers 169, Lambs 90, Rams 9, Total 447, Ewes 93, Weathers 21, Kids 56, Rams 4, Total 174, Sows 4, Shoats 8, Pigs 23, Boars 1, Total 36, Horses 6, Mares 8, Total 14, Fowls 127, Ducks 51, Turkeys 57, Geese 4

Killed: Bulls 0, Cows 1, Calves 0, Yearlings 0, Heifers 1, Steers 6, Oxen 0, Total 8, Ewes 4, Weathers 47, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 51, Ewes 0, Weathers 7, Kids 6, Rams 0, Total 13, Sows 0, Shoats 1, Pigs 0, Boars 0, Total 1, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0, Fowls 25, Ducks 10, Turkeys 11, Geese 0

Sent on Board of Captn. Webb by the Govrs. Order: Bulls 0, Cows 0, Calves 0, Yearlings 0, Heifers 0, Steers 0, Oxen 0, Total 0, Ewes 0, Weathers 6, Lambs 0, Rams 0, Total 6, Ewes 0, Weathers 0, Kids 0, Rams 0, Total 0, Sows 0, Shoats 0, Pigs 0, Boars 0, Total 0, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0, Fowls 0, Ducks 0, Turkeys 0, Geese 0

Dead: Bulls 2, Cows 7, Calves 6, Yearlings 0, Heifers 0, Steers 1, Oxen 0, Total 16, Ewes 6, Weathers 13, Lambs 16, Rams 1, Total 38, Ewes 4, Weathers 0, Kids 6, Rams 0, Total 10, Sows 0, Shoats 1, Pigs 2, Boars 0, Total 3, Horses 0, Mares 0, Total 0, Fowls 17, Ducks 2, Turkeys 8, Geese 0

Remaining: Bulls 7, Cows 98, Calves 49, Yearlings 25, Heifers 4, Steers 18, Oxen 14, Total 215, Ewes 179, Weathers 101, Lambs 74, Rams 8, Total 362, Ewes 89, Weathers 14, Kids 44, Rams 4, Total 151, Sows 4, Shoats 6, Pigs 21, Boars 1, Total 32, Horses 6, Mares 8, Total 14, Fowls 85, Ducks 39, Turkeys 38, Geese 4

Changed their Species: Bulls 7, Cows 98, Calves 40, Yearlings 28, Heifers 6, Steers 22, Oxen 14, Total 215, Ewes 197, Weathers 136, Lambs 21, Rams 8, Total 362, Ewes 105, Weathers 32, Kids 10, Rams 4, Total 151, Sows 4, Shoats 11, Pigs 15, Boars 2, Total 32, Horses 6, Mares 8, Total 14, Fowls 85, Ducks 39, Turkeys 38, Geese 4

Slaves born 1 Girl named Katharine

Slaves deceased 1 Man Named Tom Butcher

1 Do. Do. Toby, hanged himself

Yams Expended for the Slaves 80780

Do. for the Stock 14480

Errors Excepted

(signed)

Danl. Corneille

The account of the Company's livestock from 1 January to 31 March 1773 was entered as follows.

Cattle

Bulls: at start 9, increase 0, received 0, total 9, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 2, remaining 7, after reclassification 7

Cows: at start 106, increase 0, received 0, total 106, killed 1, sent aboard 0, died 7, remaining 98, after reclassification 98

Calves: at start 48, increase 5, received 2, total 55, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 6, remaining 49, after reclassification 40

Yearlings: at start 25, increase 0, received 0, total 25, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 0, remaining 25, after reclassification 28

Heifers: at start 5, increase 0, received 0, total 5, killed 1, sent aboard 0, died 0, remaining 4, after reclassification 6

Steers: at start 25, increase 0, received 0, total 25, killed 6, sent aboard 0, died 1, remaining 18, after reclassification 22

Oxen: at start 14, increase 0, received 0, total 14, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 0, remaining 14, after reclassification 14

Cattle, all: at start 232, increase 5, received 2, total 239, killed 8, sent aboard 0, died 16, remaining 215, after reclassification 215

Sheep

Ewes: at start 164, increase 0, received 25, total 189, killed 4, sent aboard 0, died 6, remaining 179, after reclassification 197

Wethers: at start 4, increase 0, received 165, total 169, killed 47, sent aboard 6, died 15, remaining 101, after reclassification 136

Lambs: at start 90, increase 0, received 0, total 90, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 16, remaining 74, after reclassification 21

Rams: at start 9, increase 0, received 0, total 9, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 1, remaining 8, after reclassification 8

Sheep, all: at start 267, increase 0, received 190, total 447, killed 51, sent aboard 6, died 38, remaining 362, after reclassification 362

Goats

Ewe goats: at start 93, increase 0, received 0, total 93, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 4, remaining 89, after reclassification 105

Wether goats: at start 21, increase 0, received 0, total 21, killed 7, sent aboard 0, died 0, remaining 14, after reclassification 32

Kids: at start 43, increase 13, received 0, total 56, killed 6, sent aboard 0, died 6, remaining 44, after reclassification 10

Rams: at start 4, increase 0, received 0, total 4, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 0, remaining 4, after reclassification 4

Goats, all: at start 161, increase 13, received 0, total 174, killed 13, sent aboard 0, died 10, remaining 151, after reclassification 151

Hogs

Sows: at start 4, increase 0, received 0, total 4, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 0, remaining 4, after reclassification 4

Shoats: at start 8, increase 0, received 0, total 8, killed 1, sent aboard 0, died 1, remaining 6, after reclassification 11

Pigs: at start 9, increase 14, received 0, total 23, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 2, remaining 21, after reclassification 15

Boars: at start 1, increase 0, received 0, total 1, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 0, remaining 1, after reclassification 2

Hogs, all: at start 22, increase 14, received 0, total 36, killed 1, sent aboard 0, died 3, remaining 32, after reclassification 32

Horses

Horses: at start 6, increase 0, received 0, total 6, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 0, remaining 6, after reclassification 6

Mares: at start 8, increase 0, received 0, total 8, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 0, remaining 8, after reclassification 8

Horses, all: at start 14, increase 0, received 0, total 14, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 0, remaining 14, after reclassification 14

Poultry

Fowls: at start 109, increase 18, received 0, total 127, killed 25, sent aboard 0, died 17, remaining 85, after reclassification 85

Ducks: at start 31, increase 20, received 0, total 51, killed 10, sent aboard 0, died 2, remaining 39, after reclassification 39

Turkeys: at start 57, increase 0, received 0, total 57, killed 11, sent aboard 0, died 8, remaining 38, after reclassification 38

Geese: at start 4, increase 0, received 0, total 4, killed 0, sent aboard 0, died 0, remaining 4, after reclassification 4

The six wethers sent aboard went to Captain Webb's ship by the Governor's order.

One slave girl named Katharine was born during the quarter. Two slave men died: Tom Butcher, and Toby, who hanged himself.

Yams used for the slaves, 80,780 lb

Yams used for the livestock, 14,480 lb

Daniel Corneille signed the account, reserving any errors it might contain.

Interpretations

The flock was rebuilt with sheep brought from the Cape. Between 1 January and 31 March the Company received 190 sheep, most of them wethers, including the 40 bought from Captain Meakes on 1 February 1773 and the 100 that Captain Johnston bought at the Cape from Christopher Brand. The wethers had fallen to just four by the end of December, after the heavy killing for the table, and the Cape stock restored them in time for the busiest season of ships. Thirty-eight sheep died in the quarter, against 17 in the previous one. Many of the Cape sheep probably arrived weakened by the voyage. The final row recorded each animal under its new class as the young grew up, which is why lambs fell to 21 while ewes and wethers rose.

The yams issued to the slaves rose from 21,330 lb in the last quarter of 1772 to 80,780 lb, nearly four times as much. January to March was the height of the southern summer, when the yam crop on the Company's lands came in. Feeding the slaves on fresh yams in season let the Company save its imported rice for the leaner months.

The death of the man named Toby was recorded in the same table as the losses of livestock. That placement shows how completely the Company's accounts treated its slaves as part of the stock of the estate. No inquiry into his suicide appears in the record.

367

363

1773

The Storekeeper this day Delivered the following

Account of Stores Short received from Ship Duke of Cumberland

Account of Stores short received from Ship Duke

of Cumberland Viz.

Cs. qrs. lb

4 . 1 . 23 Rice Short Weight Occasioned by Wastage the Bags

Being in Good order

30 . 2 . 24 Paddy Received

St. Helena

12th April 1773

(signed)

Jonathan Doveton Storekeeper

Upon Examining the expences of the Quarters Accounts

we observed a charge of forty six pounds for repairs to the Company's Houses

we called upon Capt. Tippet to Explain that Article, says that part of it

was applied to repair a Kitchen and build a Room in the Yard of the House

Inhabitted by Lieut. St. Maurice, Also building two Rooms and repairing

the Stone lately allotted him by the Governor and Council, Alledging that

he had been destitute of a House or apartments, ever since he has been

upon the Island, and finding that he wanted these Conveniencys in the

said House, thought that he might be allowed that indulgence but is

sorry that he did not first make his Application to the Governor and Council

And if it was judged that the Expence thereof was too high he was very ready

to pay it himself.

Upon which we have given him Orders not to undertake

any thing of the kind in future without the approbation of the board.

And as it was an addition made to one of the Company's Houses, which

will be the better for it, we agreed to take no further Notice of it.

Bought on Account of the Honorable Company

of Captain Augustus Savage thirty Cape Sheep and Some Wheat

as p the following Bill, for the Payment whereof we have given him

Certificates.

The storekeeper delivered the following account of stores received short from the Duke of Cumberland.

Rice, short weight from wastage, the bags being in good order, 4 cwt 1 qr 23 lb

Paddy received, 30 cwt 2 qr 24 lb

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 12 April 1773.

On examining the quarter's accounts, the Council noticed a charge of £46 0s 0d for repairs to the Company's houses. It called on Captain Tippet to explain the item. Tippet said that part of the money had gone to repairing a kitchen and building a room in the yard of the house occupied by Lieutenant St Maurice. The rest had gone to building two rooms in, and repairing, the house the Governor and Council had recently allotted to Tippet himself. He pointed out that he had been without a house or quarters of his own ever since he came to the island. Finding that his new house lacked these conveniences, he had thought the Council would allow him the indulgence. He regretted not applying to the Governor and Council first. If they judged the expense too high, he was quite ready to pay it himself.

The Council ordered Tippet not to undertake any work of this kind in future without its approval. Since the work was an addition to one of the Company's houses, which would be the better for it, the Council agreed to take no further notice of the matter.

The Council bought 30 Cape sheep and a quantity of wheat from Captain Augustus Savage on the Company's account, as set out in his bill, and paid him by certificate.

Interpretations

Tippet had spent public money on his own house without leave, and he offered to repay it. The Council passed over that obvious course and let the charge stand. Its reason is recorded: the rooms and repairs were additions to a Company house, which would remain the Company's property after Tippet left it, so the expense improved a public asset rather than enriching him. The Council protected the principle by forbidding any repetition without approval, while not penalising the island's only engineer, whose goodwill it needed for the church and the defences. Tippet's complaint that he had been without a house since his arrival also explains why the Council had lately allotted him one.

368

364

12 April

The Honorable East India Company Dr.

To Captain Augustus Savage

To Wheat purchased on their Account at the Cape

as p Bill delivered

216 . . 5 . 2

To 30 Sheep

75 . 0 . 0

Rix Dollars at 4 Shill. p 291 . . 5 . 2

Received the Contents by Certificate

for Augustus Savage

(signed)

D. Bristow

St. Helena

12th April 1773

In Erecting the New Church we were Obliged to

pull down the Doctors Shop, and the Company having no Place proper to

keep the Medecines and Utencils in, And it being absolutely necessary to

have a proper Shop in the Valley for the preservation of the Medicines,

and advantage of Inhabittants and Garrison, we are under an absolute

necessity of hiring a temporary house for that purpose at twenty Pounds

p Annum until we can build a convenient one for that use.

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

Captain Augustus Savage's bill to the Company was set out as follows.

Wheat bought for the Company at the Cape, as shown in the bill delivered, two hundred and sixteen rix-dollars, five schellings and two stivers

Sheep, 30, seventy-five rix-dollars

Bill, total, at 4s a rix-dollar, two hundred and ninety-one rix-dollars, five schellings and two stivers

D Bristow signed for receipt of the certificate on Captain Savage's behalf at St Helena on 12 April 1773.

The building of the new church had forced the Council to pull down the doctor's shop. The Company had no other suitable place to keep its medicines and equipment. A proper dispensary in James's Valley was essential to preserve the medicines and to serve the inhabitants and the garrison. The Council therefore found itself obliged to hire a house for the purpose at £20 0s 0d a year until it could build a suitable one. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The new church stood on ground in James's Valley where the doctor's shop had been, and the Council chose to clear the site rather than move or delay the church. The cost of that choice was a rent of £20 0s 0d a year for a temporary dispensary, about as much as a writer's salary for a quarter. The Council accepted the expense because medicines decayed quickly in the island's damp air without a dry, secure store, and both the garrison and the townspeople depended on the Company's surgeon for their supplies. Hiring a private house was the quickest remedy, since every mason and carpenter was already committed to the church.

The 30 Cape sheep cost two and a half rix-dollars each, or about 10s a head at the rate of 4s. That was more than the 8s 5d paid through Captain Johnston but less than the 12s paid to Captain Meakes.

369

365

17th April

At a Consultation held on Saturday the 17th day of April 1773

at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lieut. Governor

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 12th April

1773.

Wednesday the 14 Sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Duke of Cumberland

for England.

Tuesday the 15th Died Elizabeth Popplon

Do. Do. James Greentree Planter

Friday the 16 Do. James Herbert Private

The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores

short received from Ship Greenwich.

Account of Stores short received from Ship Greenwich

Viz.

Cs. qrs. lb

3 . 3 . 8 Rice

- . 1 . 10 Paddy

1 . 1 . 20 Sugar

- . - . 8 Candles

Short Weight occasioned by Wastage the

Bags and Packages being in good order

(signed)

Jonathan Doveton

Bought of Capt. Robt. Carr on Act. of the Honble. Compy. 50 Sheep 50 Sacks of

some Garden Seeds as p the following Bill for the payment whereof we have given him Certificate

The Honorable East India Company Dr.

To Capt. Robt. Carr

Garden Seeds

Rs. 5 . 0 . 0

60 Live Sheep at 15/

45 . 1 . 0

50 Sacks Wheat at 27 Rs.

p 10 Sacks

R. 135

50 New Sacks p Do.

56 . 2

Charges

5

195 . 2

Advance 8 p Ct.

15 . 6

212 . . at 4/ p Dollar

42 . . 8

£ 42 . . 8

St. Helena

17th April 1773

E. Excepted

(signed)

Robt. Carr

The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 17 April 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 12 April.

The Company's ship Duke of Cumberland sailed for England on Wednesday 14 April. Elizabeth Popplow died on Thursday 15 April, and so did James Greentree, a planter. James Herbert, a private, died on Friday 16 April.

The storekeeper delivered the following account of stores received short from the Greenwich.

Rice, short weight from wastage, 3 cwt 3 qr 8 lb

Paddy, short weight from wastage, 0 cwt 1 qr 10 lb

Sugar, short weight from wastage, 1 cwt 1 qr 20 lb

Candles, short weight from wastage, 0 cwt 0 qr 8 lb

He recorded that the bags and packages were in good order. Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper.

The Council bought 60 sheep, 50 sacks of wheat and some garden seeds from Captain Robert Carr on the Company's account, as set out in his bill, and paid him by certificate.

Garden seeds, £5 0s 0d

Live sheep, 60 at 15s, £45 0s 0d

Wheat, 50 sacks at twenty-seven rix-dollars for 10 sacks, one hundred and thirty-five rix-dollars

New sacks, 50, fifty-six rix-dollars and two schellings

Charges, five rix-dollars

Wheat, sacks and charges, total, one hundred and ninety-six rix-dollars and two schellings

Advance of 8%, fifteen rix-dollars and six schellings

Wheat, sacks and charges with advance, two hundred and twelve rix-dollars, at 4s a rix-dollar, £42 8s 0d

Bill, total, £92 8s 0d

Robert Carr signed the bill at St Helena on 17 April 1773, reserving any errors it might contain.

Interpretations

Captain Carr charged 15s a head for his sheep, the highest price the Council had paid that season. Captain Meakes had charged 12s, Captain Savage about 10s and Captain Johnston about 8s 5d. Carr priced the sheep in sterling at his own valuation, while the others passed on what they had paid at the Cape in rix-dollars. The Council accepted the higher rate because the flock still needed restocking after the heavy losses and killings of the quarter, and the last homeward ships of the season were the only source.

370

366

17 April

We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange

drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors Viz.

One Set to Captain Henry Bazett for fifty Pounds payable

to Miss Mary Bazett (or Order)

And one Set to Captain Robert Carr for three hundred Pounds

payable to himself (or Order) both drawn at Ninety Days Sight.

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Monday the 19th day of April 1773

at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr.

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Counl.

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the

17th of April 1773

Saturday passed by a Ship to Leeward

Yesterday Arrived the Honorable Company's Ship Pigot from Bencoolen

last from the Cape

This day sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Greenwich for England

The Council granted two sets of bills of exchange on the Court of Directors, both payable at 90 days' sight. One set went to Captain Henry Bazett for £50 0s 0d, payable to Miss Mary Bazett or her order. The other went to Captain Robert Carr for £300 0s 0d, payable to himself or his order. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 19 April 1773, with the same members present. It read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 17 April.

A ship passed to leeward of the island on Saturday 17 April. The Company's ship Pigot arrived from Bencoolen on Sunday 18 April, having called last at the Cape. The Company's ship Greenwich sailed for England that day.

Interpretations

Mary Bazett had herself bought a set of bills for £50 0s 0d on 19 October 1772, paying cash into the island's treasury for money to be paid in London. Now Captain Henry Bazett, commander of the Second Company, remitted the same sum to her in London. She had perhaps gone home in one of the ships of the past season, and her family on the island was sending her funds through the Company's bills rather than risking coin at sea.

Bencoolen, on the west coast of Sumatra, was the Company's pepper settlement, defended by Fort Marlborough. Ships loading pepper there called at the Cape and St Helena on their way home, like the China and India ships.

371

367

1773

The Storekeeper this day brought in his Collections & the Paymaster

his Accounts, for the Quarter commencing from the 1st of January and ending

the 31st of March 1773 which were Examined, and approved, and are as follows.

Collection of Goods Sold and Delivered out of the Honorable Company's

Ware Houses from the 1st of January to 31st March 1773.

Sold at 10 p Cent

Sugar & Candy Viz.

Cs. qrs. lb

31 . 3 . 9 Sugar

48 . 5 . 6

2 . 1 . 15 Candy

4 . 16 . 6

53 . 2 . 3

Flour Viz.

Cs. qrs. lb

77 . 1 . 7 Flour

72 . 3 . 2

373 . . 9 Baked

417 . 17 -

490 - . 2

Rice & Paddy

Cs. qrs. lb

43 . . 9 Rice

17 . 15 . 6

79 . 3 . 10 Paddy

18 . 16 -

36 . 11 . 6

Beef & Pork Viz.

2368 Ps. Beef

236 . 16 -

3488 Do. Pork

348 . 16 -

585 . 12 -

Salt 4½ Bushels

14 . 11

Tea Viz.

lb 571 Bohea

19 - . 8

69 Congo

4 . 14 . 11

7 Single

8 . 9

24 . 4 . 4

Candles Cs. qrs. lb 3 . . 12

40 . 19 . 3½

Soap 2 . 26

2 . 9 . 6½

Flannel 5 Yards

19 . 6

Carried Over

£ 1234 . 6 . 6

The storekeeper presented his collections and the paymaster his accounts for the quarter from 1 January to 31 March 1773. The Council examined and approved them, and they were entered as follows.

The goods sold and delivered from the Company's warehouses between 1 January and 31 March 1773 began with goods sold at an advance of 10% on cost.

Sugar, 31 cwt 3 qr 9 lb, £48 5s 6d

Sugar candy, 2 cwt 1 qr 15 lb, £4 16s 6d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £53 2s 3d

Flour, 77 cwt 1 qr 7 lb, £72 3s 2d

Flour baked into bread, 373 cwt 0 qr 9 lb, £417 17s 0d

Flour, total, £490 0s 2d

Rice, 43 cwt 0 qr 9 lb, £17 15s 6d

Paddy, 79 cwt 3 qr 10 lb, £18 16s 0d

Rice and paddy, total, £36 11s 6d

Beef, 2,368 pieces, £236 16s 0d

Pork, 3,488 pieces, £348 16s 0d

Beef and pork, total, £585 12s 0d

Salt, 4½ bushels, £0 14s 11d

Bohea tea, 571 lb, £19 0s 8d

Congou tea, 69 lb, £4 14s 11d

Singlo tea, 7 lb, £0 8s 9d

Tea, total, £24 4s 4d

Candles, 3 cwt 0 qr 12 lb, £40 19s 3½d

Soap, 0 cwt 2 qr 26 lb, £2 9s 6½d

Flannel, 5 yards, £0 19s 6d

Carried forward, £1,234 6s 6d

Interpretations

The flour baked into bread for the garrison rose from 277 cwt in the last quarter of 1772 to 373 cwt in this one. Its cost fell from £538 13s 0d to £417 17s 0d, from about 39s a hundredweight to about 22s. The fall reflects the cheap wheat bought from the homeward ships at the Cape during February, March and April, at around 27 rix-dollars for 10 sacks. The Company ground this wheat itself and passed the lower cost straight to the soldiers, who paid for their bread at the usual advance of 10%.

Sales of salt beef and pork fell from 8,335 pieces worth £833 10s 0d to 5,856 pieces worth £585 12s 0d, though the price held at 2s a piece. More bread at a lower price, together with the fresh mutton and Cape sheep that came in with the ships, probably let the soldiers buy less salt meat in the season of plenty. Bohea tea sales almost halved, from 1,078 lb to 571 lb, perhaps because the inhabitants had stocked up in the previous quarter, which ended at Christmas.

372

368

19th April

Brought Over

£ 1234 . 6 . 6

Twine viz.

31 Sks. Twine

1 - . 6

3½ Cotton wick

2 . 9

2 Sks. Marline

7

1 . 9 . 10

Cordage Cs. qrs. lb 5 . 3 . 9

12 . 4 . 11

Wheat 108 . 3 . 25

39 . 19 . 4

Lead viz.

2 . 3 . 24 Sheet Lead

3 . 16 . 1

- . - . 16 Small Shot

3 . 4

3 . 19 . 5

Pepper lb 35

19 . 8

Oil viz.

2½ Gallons Linseed Oil

9 . 10

½ Do. Train

1 . 11

11 . 9

Coffee lb 5

4 . 7

Corks 1 Gross

2 . 6

Long Ells viz.

22 Yds. Blue Long Ells

2 . 4

2 Do. Scarlet Do.

6 . 3

2 . 10 . 3

Grindstones 2

6 . 1

Shelloons 6 Pieces

3 . 15 . 3

Kersey 12 Yards

17 . 6

Pease 6½ Bushells

3 . 1 . 6

Serge viz.

1¼ Ps. White Fustain

3 . 6 . 7

6 Yds. Scarlet Duffle

2 . 13 . 6

1¼ Do. Do. Serge

7 . 11

6 . 8

Pitch & Tar viz.

lb 14 Pitch

2 -

6 Gallons Tar

5 . 6

lb 33 Rosin

6 . 3

13 . 9

Leather lb 47 Sole

2 . 11 . 11

Carried Over

£ 1314 . 2 . 9

The goods sold at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 January and 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,234 6s 6d

Twine, 31 skeins, £1 0s 6d

Cotton wick, 3½ lb, £0 8s 9d

Marline, 2 skeins, £0 0s 7d

Twine and wick, total, £1 9s 10d

Cordage, 5 cwt 3 qr 9 lb, £12 4s 11d

Wheat, 108 cwt 3 qr 25 lb, £39 19s 4d

Sheet lead, 2 cwt 3 qr 24 lb, £3 16s 1d

Small shot, 0 cwt 0 qr 16 lb, £0 3s 4d

Lead, total, £3 19s 5d

Pepper, 35 lb, £0 19s 8d

Linseed oil, 2½ gallons, £0 9s 10d

Train oil, ½ gallon, £0 1s 11d

Oil, total, £0 11s 9d

Coffee, 3 lb, £0 4s 7d

Corks, 1 gross, £0 2s 6d

Blue long ells, 22 yards, £2 4s 0d

Scarlet long ells, 2 yards, £0 6s 3d

Long ells, total, £2 10s 3d

Grindstones, 2, £0 6s 1d

Chelloes, 6 pieces, £3 15s 3d

Kersey, 12 yards, £0 17s 6d

Pease, 6½ bushels, £3 1s 6d

White fustian, 1¼ pieces, £3 6s 7d

Scarlet duffle, 6 yards, £2 13s 6d

Scarlet serge, 1¼ yards, £0 7s 11d

Serge, total, £6 8s 0d

Pitch, 14 lb, £0 2s 0d

Tar, 6 gallons, £0 5s 6d

Rosin, 33 lb, £0 6s 3d

Pitch and tar, total, £0 13s 9d

Sole leather, 47 lb, £2 11s 11d

Carried forward, £1,314 2s 9d

373

369

1773

Brought Over

£ 1314 . 2 . 9

Turner's Ware Viz.

4 Scrubing Brushes

13 . 1

1 Yoke for Oxen

16 -

7 Cloth Brushes

14 . 10½

15 Shoe Do.

12 . 6

10 Hair Brooms

1 . 10 . 10

2 Wood Bowels

2 . 6

2 Do. Platters

2 . 11

1 Large Plate Basket

7 . 10½

5 - . 7

Cutlery Ware viz.

46 Horn Combs

13 . 5

18 Buckling Do.

9 . 4½

2 Doz. Green Handle Knives & forks

4 . 7 . 1

6 Butchers Knives

3 . 9

4 Fine Ivory Combs

12 . 2

10 Ordy. Do. Do.

12 . 6

2 Shoe Knives

9½

1 Pruning Do.

1 . 4

16 Pr. Leather Garters

12 -

7 . 12 . 5

Glass Ware viz.

61 Sqrs. Glass 6 by 8

1 - . 4

2 Do. 8 by 10

1 . 2½

57 Do. 10 by 12

2 . 18 . 2½

24 Do. 10½ by 12½

1 . 8 . 6½

1 Quart Decanter

2 . 7

3 Pint Do.

3 . 10

5 . 16 . 0

Pewter viz.

1 Close Stool pan

5 . 8

2 Water Plates

11 . 2

16 . 10

Hooks & Lines viz.

100 No. 6

8 . 10½

750 8

2 . 8 . 1½

225 9

7 . 1½

50 10

11

Hooks

Hooks & Lines Carried Over

3 . 5

Carried Over

£ 1333 . 9 . 3

The goods sold at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 January and 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,314 2s 9d

Scrubbing brushes, 4, £0 13s 1d

Yoke for oxen, 1, £0 16s 0d

Clothes brushes, 7, £0 14s 10½d

Shoe brushes, 15, £0 12s 6d

Hair brooms, 10, £1 10s 10d

Wooden bowls, 2, £0 2s 6d

Platters, 2, £0 2s 11d

Large plate basket, 1, £0 7s 10½d

Turned ware, total, £5 0s 7d

Horn combs, 46, £0 13s 5d

Buckling combs, 18, £0 9s 4½d

Green-handled knives and forks, 2 dozen, £4 7s 1d

Butchers' knives, 6, £0 3s 9d

Fine ivory combs, 4, £0 12s 2d

Ordinary ivory combs, 10, £0 12s 6d

Shoe knives, 2, £0 0s 9½d

Pruning knife, 1, £0 1s 4d

Leather garters, 16 pairs, £0 12s 0d

Cutlery, total, £7 12s 5d

Window glass, panes of 6 by 8 inches, 61, £1 0s 4d

Window glass, panes of 8 by 10 inches, 2, £0 1s 2½d

Window glass, panes of 10 by 12 inches, 57, £2 18s 2½d

Window glass, panes of 10½ by 12½ inches, 24, £1 8s 6½d

Quart decanter, 1, £0 2s 7d

Pint decanters, 3, £0 5s 10d

Glassware, total, £5 16s 8d

Pewter close-stool pan, 1, £0 5s 8d

Pewter water plates, 2, £0 11s 2d

Pewter, total, £0 16s 10d

Fish hooks number 6, 100, £0 8s 10½d

Fish hooks number 8, 750, £2 8s 1½d

Fish hooks number 9, 225, £0 7s 1½d

Fish hooks number 10, 50, £0 0s 11d

Hooks and lines carried forward, £3 5s 0d

Carried forward, £1,333 9s 3d

374

370

19th April

Brought Over

£ 1333 . 9 . 3

Hooks & Lines brought Over

£ 3 . 5 . ½

50 No. 11

10½

175 12

2 . 11

1475 13

15 . 4½

50 14

6½

35 15 Large

9 . 6

435 16

2 . 6

Hooks

181 No. 2

2 . 16 . 7

168 3

2 . 18 . 7½

2 Log

2 . 7

1 Hambro

1 . 6

1 Deep Sea

5 . 6½

Lines

11 . 1 -

Broad Cloth viz.

4⅞ Yds. French Grey Broad Cloth

4 . 13 . 10

8⅞ Do. Scarlet Do.

9 . 6 . 5

13½ Do. Parsons Grey

13 . 2 . 6

2⅞ Scarlet Cassimere

1 . 10 . 1½

3⅞ Black Do.

1 . 9 . 3½

30 . 2 . 2

Tin Ware viz.

4 Horn Lanthorns

18 . 2

7 Double Sheets Tin

5 . 3

1 . 3 . 5

Blankets 8

2 . 15

Copper Money 5930 half Pence

12 . 7 . 1

Hats 3 Mens Fine

2 . 18 . 3

Hosiers Ware viz.

3 Pr. Black Worsted Stockings

1 . 1 . 9

191 Pr. Mens Ordy. Thd. Do.

29 . 12 -

14 Pr. Madd. Cotton Do.

5 . 17 . 3

6 Pr. Mens Indiad. Do.

2 . 7 . 6

1 Pr. Womans Worsted Do.

3 . ½

1 Pr. Black Do. Breeches

12 . ½

39 . 13 . 7

Books 1 Common Prayer

3 . 6

Earthen Ware viz.

6 Small Red Tea pots

10 . 3

Earthen Ware Carried Over

£ 10 . 3

Carried Over

£ 1433 . 15 . 3

The goods sold at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 January and 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,333 9s 3d

Hooks and lines brought forward, £3 5s 0½d

Fish hooks number 11, 50, £0 0s 10½d

Fish hooks number 12, 175, £0 2s 11d

Fish hooks number 13, 1,475, £0 15s 4½d

Fish hooks number 14, 50, £0 0s 6½d

Large fish hooks number 15, 35, £0 9s 6d

Fish hooks number 16, 425, £0 2s 6d

Fishing lines number 2, 181, £2 16s 7d

Fishing lines number 3, 168, £2 18s 7½d

Log lines, 2, £0 2s 7d

Hamber line, 1, £0 1s 6d

Deep-sea line, 1, £0 5s 6½d

Hooks and lines, total, £11 1s 0d

French grey broadcloth, 4⅝ yards, £4 13s 10d

Scarlet broadcloth, 8⅝ yards, £9 6s 5d

Parson's grey broadcloth, 13¼ yards, £13 2s 6d

Scarlet cassimere, 2⅝ yards, £1 10s 1½d

Black cassimere, 3⅝ yards, £1 9s 3½d

Broadcloth, total, £30 2s 2d

Horn lanterns, 4, £0 18s 2d

Double sheets of tin, 7, £0 5s 3d

Tinware, total, £1 3s 5d

Blankets, 8, £2 15s 0d

Copper coin, 5,930 halfpence, £12 7s 1d

Men's fine hats, 3, £2 18s 3d

Black worsted stockings, 3 pairs, £1 1s 9d

Men's ordinary thread stockings, 191 pairs, £29 12s 0d

Madras cotton stockings, 14 pairs, £5 17s 3d

Men's Indian cotton stockings, 6 pairs, £2 7s 6d

Women's worsted stockings, 1 pair, £0 3s 0½d

Black worsted breeches, 1 pair, £0 12s 0½d

Hosiery, total, £39 13s 7d

Book of Common Prayer, 1, £0 3s 6d

Small red teapots, 6, £0 10s 3d

Earthenware carried forward, £0 10s 3d

Carried forward, £1,433 15s 3d

Interpretations

The inhabitants bought 13¼ yards of parson's grey broadcloth, the sober cloth worn by clergy and older men, together with black worsted stockings and breeches and black cassimere. These were the materials of mourning dress. The quarter saw the deaths of Roderick Merchant, Martha Beale, Elizabeth Desfountain, Margaret Alcock and several soldiers, and families on the island bought their mourning from the Company's warehouse. The sale of 5,930 copper halfpence, worth £12 7s 1d, was more than half again the quantity sold in the previous quarter. Small change was in heavy demand in the busy months when the ships were in the roads and the island's market was most active.

375

371

1773

Brought Over

£ 1433 . 15 . 3

Earthen Ware Brought Over

10 . 3

1 Large Red Tea pot

3 . 4

2 Do. White Do.

5 . 5

2 Close Stool pans

3 . 10

1 . 2 . 10

Bunting viz.

5½ Yards Blue

3 . 7

4 Do. Red

3 . 3

6 . 10

Arrack 14 Gallons

3 . 10 -

Canvas viz.

17 Yds. English Canvas

19 . 1½

44 Do. Ticklenburgs

1 . 19 . 6

2 Do. Osnabrigs

1 . 10½

2 . 19 . 6

Shalloon viz.

18½ Yds. Scarlet Shalloon

2 . 13 . 11

24½ Do. Colld. Do.

2 . 11 . 1

5 . 5

Oars 1 Small

4 . 4

Buckram 15½ Yards White

19 . 1

Haberdashery viz.

57 Sks. Silk

1 . 3 . 9

17 Sks. Mohair

7 . 1

2¾ Whale bone

15 -

1½ Ps. Galloon

8 . 9

8 Dozn. Gilt Bt. Buttons

6 . 2

1 Do. Gold Basket Bt. Do.

2 . 2

1½ Do. Mohair Coat Do.

1 . ½

19 Do. Do. Brest Do.

7 . 1½

1 Piece Tape

7½

2 Do. Carnation Tape

10

15½ Yds. Narrow Gold Lace

2 . 4 . 3½

5 . 16 . 10

Shoes viz.

12 Pr. Ordy. Men Shoes

3 . . 3

1 Pr. Womens Callimanco Shoes

4 . 3

5 Do. Mens fine Pumps

1 . 7 . 6

1 Do. Do. Shoes

6 . 1

3 Do. Womens Calf Leather

8 . 9

5 . 6 . 10

Carried Over

£ 1459 . 6 . 6

The goods sold at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 January and 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,433 15s 3d

Earthenware brought forward, £0 10s 3d

Large red teapot, 1, £0 3s 4d

Large white teapots, 2, £0 5s 5d

Close-stool pans, 2, £0 3s 10d

Earthenware, total, £1 2s 10d

Blue bunting, 5½ yards, £0 3s 7d

Red bunting, 4 yards, £0 3s 3d

Bunting, total, £0 6s 10d

Arrack, 14 gallons, £3 10s 0d

English canvas, 17 yards, £0 19s 1½d

Ticklenburg canvas, 44 yards, £1 19s 6d

Osnaburg canvas, 2 yards, £0 1s 10½d

Canvas, total, £2 19s 6d

Scarlet shalloon, 18½ yards, £2 13s 11d

Coloured shalloon, 24½ yards, £2 11s 1d

Shalloon, total, £5 5s 0d

Small oar, 1, £0 4s 4d

White buckram, 15½ yards, £0 19s 1d

Skein silk, 57 skeins, £1 3s 9d

Mohair, 17 skeins, £0 7s 1d

Whalebone, 2¾ lb, £0 15s 0d

Galloon, 1½ pieces, £0 8s 9d

Gilt breast buttons, 8 dozen, £0 6s 2d

Gold basket breast buttons, 1 dozen, £0 2s 2d

Mohair coat buttons, 1½ dozen, £0 1s 0½d

Mohair breast buttons, 19 dozen, £0 7s 1½d

Tape, 1 piece, £0 0s 7½d

Carnation tape, 2 pieces, £0 0s 10d

Narrow gold lace, 15½ yards, £2 4s 3½d

Haberdashery, total, £5 16s 10d

Men's ordinary shoes, 12 pairs, £3 0s 3d

Women's calamanco shoes, 1 pair, £0 4s 3d

Men's fine pumps, 5 pairs, £1 7s 6d

Men's fine shoes, 1 pair, £0 6s 1d

Women's calf leather shoes, 3 pairs, £0 8s 9d

Shoes, total, £5 6s 10d

Carried forward, £1,459 6s 6d

Interpretations

The inhabitants bought only 12 pairs of men's ordinary shoes in the quarter, against 241 pairs between October and December 1772. The difference does not mean the soldiers went without. The garrison's annual issue of clothing and shoes had been made in the second half of 1772, and most men had no need of another pair until it wore out. Sales of shoes through the warehouse followed the cycle of the yearly issue rather than steady day-to-day demand.

376

372

19th April

Brought Over

£ 1459 . 6 . 6

Long Cloth viz.

3 Ps. No. 1

24 . 16 . 8

2¾ Ps. No. 2

8 . 1 . 7

32 . 18 . 3

Starch lb 66

2 . 1 . 3

Shirts viz.

165 Soldiers Shirts

40 . 18 . 1½

10 Yds. Brown Holland

1 . . 5

14 Do. Irish Linen

19 . 5½

42 . 18 -

Iron lb 66

13 . 2

Paint viz.

lb 11 Whiting

5½

27 Indico

2 . 11 . 9

27 Stone Coulour

16 . 3½

13 Barrells Blacking

7 . 3½

lb 2 Verdegrease

10 -

2 Ounces Prussian Blue

3 . 1½

lb 7 Chalk

3½

lb 9 Yellow Oaker dry

2 . ½

lb 25 Venetian Red mixed

12 . 6

lb 2 Do. Do. dry

5

lb 2 Copperas

2 . 2

lb 8 Blew Paint

1 . . 6

lb 9 Red Lead

2 . ½

lb 6 Logwood

1 . 4½

lb 2 Blew Smalts

3 . 10½

6 . 14 . 3

China Ware viz.

2 Sallet Dishes

1 . 8

14 Half Pints Cups & Sausers

7 . 10½

3 Tea Pots

3 . 9

3 Sets Octg. Dishes & Plates

3 . 6 -

1 Guglet

12½

6 Sneakers

1 . 6

78 Octg. Soop Plates

2 . 1 . 8½

4 Baking Dishes

5 -

2 Tureens & Dishes

14 . 8½

1 Bowl

10

7 . 4 . 3

Carried Over

£ 1551 . 15 . 8

The goods sold at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 January and 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,459 6s 6d

Long cloth number 1, 5 pieces, £24 16s 8d

Long cloth number 2, 2¾ pieces, £8 1s 7d

Long cloth, total, £32 18s 3d

Starch, 66 lb, £2 1s 3d

Soldiers' shirts, 165, £40 18s 1½d

Brown holland, 10 yards, £1 0s 5d

Irish linen, 14 yards, £0 19s 5½d

Shirts and linen, total, £42 18s 0d

Iron, 66 lb, £0 13s 2d

Whiting, 11 lb, £0 0s 5½d

Indigo, 27 lb, £2 11s 9d

Stone colour, 27 lb, £0 16s 3½d

Blacking, 13 papers, £0 7s 3½d

Verdigris, 2 lb, £0 10s 0d

Prussian blue, 2 oz, £0 3s 1½d

Chalk, 7 lb, £0 0s 3½d

Yellow ochre, dry, 9 lb, £0 2s 0½d

Venetian red mixed in oil, 25 lb, £0 12s 6d

Venetian red, dry, 2 lb, £0 0s 5d

Copperas, 2 lb, £0 2s 2d

Blue paint, 8 lb, £1 0s 6d

Red lead, 9 lb, £0 2s 0½d

Logwood, 6 lb, £0 1s 4½d

Blue smalt, 2 lb, £0 3s 10½d

Paint, total, £6 14s 3d

China salad dishes, 2, £0 1s 8d

China half-pint cups and saucers, 14, £0 7s 10½d

China teapots, 3, £0 3s 9d

China octagonal dishes and plates, 3 sets, £3 6s 0d

China goglet, 1, £0 1s 2½d

China saucers, 6, £0 1s 6d

China octagonal soup plates, 78, £2 1s 8½d

China baking dishes, 4, £0 5s 0d

China tureens and dishes, 2, £0 14s 8½d

China bowl, 1, £0 0s 10d

China, total, £7 4s 3d

Carried forward, £1,531 15s 8d

377

373

1773

Brought Over

£ 1551 . 15 . 8

Sailors Cloths 2 Boys Green Jackets

11 . 10

Thread 1 lb Colloured

3 . 3

Nails viz.

lb 5 2

4 . 4½

40 3

1 . 13 . 4

154 4

5 . 2 . 8

89 6

2 . 19 . 2½

23 10

11 . 11½

41 20

17 . 11½

49 40

1 . . 5

3 Dog

2 . 2½

4 Bark

1 . 5½

12 . 13 . 7

Iron Ware viz.

6 Sheets Emery Paper

9

10 Hand Hatchets

1 - . -

1 Curry Comb & Brush

1 . 10½

5 Spring Rat Traps

8 . 5½

5 Wire Do.

1 . 17 . 3½

6 Mouse Do.

3 . 9

1 Stock Lock

3 . 1

7 Splinter Do.

3 . 8

2 Pad Locks

2 . 11

2 Pr. H. Hinges

6 . 4½

12 Files

7 . 3

9 Iron Shovels

2 . 4 . 3

1 lb Iron Wire

10

1 Middling Jack

5 . 7 . 10

5 Large Box Irons

2 . 8 . 9

2 Claw Hammers

3 . 4½

2 File Hafts

2½

2 Half Wood Rasps

1 . 4½

2 Garden Hoes

2 . 11

2 Helves for Do.

1 . 7½

1 Chaffing Dish

5 . 5½

8 Pr. Dovetail Hinges

5 . 2

4 Pickaxes

15 . 4

2 Cupboard Locks

6 . 2

6 Small Fryg. Pans

13 . 3½

Iron Ware Carried Over

£ 18 . 2

Carried Over

£ 1565 . 4 . 4

The goods sold at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 January and 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,551 15s 8d

Boys' green jackets, 2, £0 11s 10d

Coloured thread, 1 lb, £0 3s 3d

Twopenny nails, 5 lb, £0 4s 4½d

Threepenny nails, 40 lb, £1 13s 4d

Fourpenny nails, 154 lb, £5 2s 8d

Sixpenny nails, 89 lb, £2 19s 2½d

Tenpenny nails, 23 lb, £0 11s 11½d

Twentypenny nails, 41 lb, £0 17s 11½d

Fortypenny nails, 49 lb, £1 0s 5d

Dog nails, 3 lb, £0 2s 2½d

Bark nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 5½d

Nails, total, £12 13s 7d

Emery paper, 6 sheets, £0 0s 9d

Hand hatchets, 10, £1 0s 0d

Currycomb and brush, 1, £0 1s 10½d

Spring rat traps, 5, £0 8s 5½d

Wire rat traps, 5, £1 17s 3½d

Mousetraps, 6, £0 3s 9d

Stock lock, 1, £0 3s 1d

[...] locks, 7, £0 3s 8d

Padlocks, 2, £0 2s 11d

H hinges, 2 pairs, £0 6s 4½d

Files, 12, £0 7s 3d

Iron shovels, 9, £2 4s 3d

Iron wire, 1 lb, £0 0s 10d

Middling jack, 1, £5 7s 10d

Large box irons, 5, £2 8s 9d

Claw hammers, 2, £0 3s 4½d

File handles, 2, £0 0s 2½d

Half-round wood rasps, 2, £0 1s 4½d

Garden hoes, 2, £0 2s 11d

Helves for garden hoes, 2, £0 1s 7½d

Chafing dish, 1, £0 5s 5½d

Dovetail hinges, 8 pairs, £0 5s 2d

Pickaxes, 4, £0 15s 4d

Cupboard locks, 2, £0 6s 2d

Small frying pans, 6, £0 13s 3½d

Ironware carried forward, £18 2s 0d

Carried forward, £1,565 4s 4d

Interpretations

Dog nails had large, heavy heads that overhung the shank on one side. Carpenters used them to fix iron hinges and straps to doors and gates, where the head had to bear hard against the metal. The single middling jack, at £5 7s 10d, was the costliest article on the page. It was a lifting jack worked by a rack and pinion. A private buyer would have used it to raise heavy timbers or stone in building work.

378

374

19 April

Brought Over

£ 1565 . 4 . 4

Iron Ware Brought Over

18 . 2 -

lb 14 Plate Iron

5 . 10

1 Plastr. Trowell

1 . 11

1 Jack Chain

1 . 11

1 Pr. X Garnet Hinges

5 . 10½

1 Wood Axe

3 . 2

1 Spade

4 . 1½

1 Pr. Bellows

4 -

1 Pr. Wool Cards

2 . 2

5 Blank Keys

3 . 5½

¾ Fire Jacks

6¾

19 . 5 -

Brasiers Ware viz.

1 Three Quart Tea Kittle

13 . 3

1 Pr. Steel Snuffers

3 . 4

16 . 7

Ticking viz.

1¼ Yds. Ticking

2 . 2

9 Do. Checked Linnen

12 -

14 . 2

Saddlery viz.

1 Sursingle

3 . 2

1 Girth

2 . 6

5 . 8

£ 1586 . 5 . 9

Sold at 50 p Cent from the 1st January to the 31st of March 1773

Nails viz.

lb 28 10

20 20

1 . 11 . 4

Leather lb 2 Sole

3 -

Coals 21 Bushells

2 . 2 -

Glass Ware 1 Sqr. Glass 10½ by 12½

1 . 8

Flour Cs. qrs. lb 2 . 3 . 5

3 . 18 . 3

£ 7 . 16 . 3

The goods sold at an advance of 10% on cost between 1 January and 31 March 1773 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £1,565 4s 4d

Ironware brought forward, £18 2s 0d

Plate iron, 14 lb, £0 5s 10d

Plasterer's trowel, 1, £0 1s 11d

Jack chain, 1, £0 1s 11d

Cross-garnet hinges, 1 pair, £0 5s 10½d

Wood axe, 1, £0 3s 2d

Spade, 1, £0 4s 1½d

Bellows, 1 pair, £0 4s 0d

Wool cards, 1 pair, £0 2s 2d

Blank keys, 5, £0 3s 5½d

Tinned tacks, ¼ lb, £0 0s 6½d

Ironware, total, £19 5s 0d

Three-quart tea kettle, 1, £0 13s 3d

Steel snuffers, 1 pair, £0 3s 4d

Brass and copper ware, total, £0 16s 7d

Ticking, 1¼ yards, £0 2s 2d

Checked linen, 9 yards, £0 12s 0d

Ticking and linen, total, £0 14s 2d

Surcingle, 1, £0 3s 2d

Girth, 1, £0 2s 6d

Saddlery, total, £0 5s 8d

Goods sold at 10%, total, £1,586 5s 9d

The goods sold at an advance of 50% on cost between 1 January and 31 March 1773 were the following.

Tenpenny nails 28 lb and twentypenny nails 20 lb, together, £1 11s 4d

Sole leather, 2 lb, £0 3s 0d

Coals, 21 bushels, £2 2s 0d

Window glass, pane of 10½ by 12½ inches, 1, £0 1s 8d

Flour, 2 cwt 3 qr 5 lb, £3 18s 3d

Goods sold at 50%, total, £7 16s 3d

Interpretations

The Company charged three rates in its warehouse. Inhabitants and the garrison paid 10% above cost, and strangers from the ships usually paid 40%. A few heavy or scarce goods, here nails, coal, leather and flour, went at 50%. All of these were costly to freight out and were needed for the Company's own works and the garrison's bread. The highest rate kept passing buyers from draining the stock of goods the island could least spare. It also made sure that whatever did leave the warehouse more than covered the cost of replacing it. The sales at 50% came to only £7 16s 3d, against more than £1,580 at the inhabitants' rate.

379

375

1773

Sold to the Honorable Company's Ships from 1st of January to 31 March

1773.

Hooks & Lines viz.

100 No. 13 Hooks

1 . 4

24 No. 3 Lines

10 . 10

12 . 2

Paint viz.

lb 30 Yellow Oaker dry

8 . 9

14 Barrels Blacking

10 . 6

lb 12 Venetian Red dry

3 . 3

lb 4½ Verdegrase

1 . 8 . 11

lb 2 Vermillion

17 . 8

lb 4 Venetian Red mixed

2 . 9

lb 5 Yellow Oaker mixed

3 . 8

3 . 18 . 6

Pitch & Tar viz.

3 Barrels Pitch

4 . 18 . 6

lb 200 Turpentine

3 . 19 . 2

1 Barrel Tar

1 . 10 . 11

10 . 8 . 7

Cordage Cs. qrs. lb 4 . 1 . 26

12 . 11 -

Twine 64 Skains

2 . 13 . 4

Bunting 52 Yards Red

2 . 10 . 11

Flour Cs. qrs. lb 14 . . 10

19 . 15 -

Lead 1 . 1 . 27 Sheet

2 . 8 . 9

£ 54 . 18 . 3

Sold to the Honorable Company's Snow Success at Prime Cost viz.

Paint viz.

lb 20 Red Lead

4 . 7

2 Ounces Prussian Blue

2 -

¼ lb Verdegrase

1 . 3

7 . 10

Oil 2 Gallons Linseed

9 . 3

£ 17 . 1

The goods sold to the Company's ships between 1 January and 31 March 1773 were the following.

Fish hooks number 13, 100, £0 1s 4d

Fishing lines number 3, 24, £0 10s 10d

Hooks and lines, total, £0 12s 2d

Yellow ochre, dry, 30 lb, £0 8s 9d

Blacking, 14 papers, £0 10s 6d

Venetian red, dry, 12 lb, £0 3s 3d

Verdigris, 4½ lb, £1 8s 11d

Vermilion, 2 lb, £0 17s 8d

Venetian red mixed in oil, 4 lb, £0 2s 9d

Yellow ochre mixed in oil, 5 lb, £0 3s 8d

Paint, total, £3 18s 6d

Pitch, 3 barrels, £4 18s 6d

Turpentine, 200 lb, £3 19s 2d

Tar, 1 barrel, £1 10s 11d

Pitch and tar, total, £10 8s 7d

Cordage, 4 cwt 1 qr 26 lb, £12 11s 0d

Twine, 64 skeins, £2 13s 4d

Red bunting, 52 yards, £2 10s 11d

Flour, 14 cwt 0 qr 10 lb, £19 15s 0d

Sheet lead, 1 cwt 1 qr 27 lb, £2 8s 9d

Sales to ships, total, £54 18s 3d

The Company's snow Lapwing was supplied with the following goods at prime cost.

Red lead, 20 lb, £0 4s 7d

Prussian blue, 2 oz, £0 2s 0d

Verdigris, ¼ lb, £0 1s 3d

Paint, total, £0 7s 10d

Linseed oil, 2 gallons, £0 9s 3d

Total, £0 17s 1d

Interpretations

The homeward Indiamen and the Lapwing were supplied on different terms. The great East Indiamen were not the Company's own property. Private owners built them and hired them to the Company for each voyage, and the owners bore the cost of keeping them in repair and stores. The Council therefore charged these ships an advance on everything it supplied, so the island recovered its freight and losses from the owners. The snow Lapwing belonged to the Company outright, so supplying her was only a transfer from one Company account to another. To charge her a profit would have meant the Company paying itself, so the Council let her have stores at cost.

380

376

19 April

Charges General Dr. for the following Stores Issued from

the 1st of January to 31st of March 1773

Arrack 40 Gallons Sundry's Doctors Shop

& Men Employed Stores

6 . 11 . 8

Sugar & Candy viz.

lb 12 Sugar

2 . 9

lb 56 Candy

18 . 8

1 . 1 . 5

Tea lb 6 Bohea

3 . 8

Coals 110 Bushells Smith Shop

7 . 2 . 1

Candles viz.

lb 173 Castle

230 Council

36 Chaplain

25 Doctors Shop

Cs. qrs. lb 4 . . 10

48 . 13 . 3

Twine viz.

7 Sks. Twine

4

1½ Cotton Wick

2 . 10

Castle & Store use

6 . 10

Blankets 1 Castle

6 . 3

Lead viz.

lb 21 Sheet Lead

4 . 4½

7 Small Shot

1 . 4½

Castle & fishermen

5 . 9

Sope qrs. lb 3 . 16 for Linen

2 . 14 . 2

Chelloes 1 Ps. Castle

11 . 5

China Ware viz.

4 Baking Dishes

4 . 5

18 Octl. Soup Plates

9 . 7½

42 Do. Meat Do.

1 . 1 . 10½

1 . 15 . 11

Oil viz.

5 Gallons Oil Bought

1 . 10 -

9 Do. Train

1 . 10 . 4½

1 Do. Linseed

4 . 2½

3 . 4 . 7

Hooks & Lines viz.

225 No. 16 Governors and Lt. Govr.

1 . 1½

25 12 Fishermen

4½

Hooks and Lines Carried Over

£ 1 . 6

Carried Over

£ 72 . 17 -

The stores charged to general expenses between 1 January and 31 March 1773 began as follows.

Arrack for various uses, the doctor's shop and the men working in the stores, 40 gallons, £6 11s 8d

Sugar, 12 lb, £0 2s 9d

Sugar candy, 56 lb, £0 18s 8d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £1 1s 5d

Bohea tea, 6 lb, £0 3s 8d

Coals for the smiths' shop, 110 bushels, £7 2s 1d

Candles for the Castle 173 lb, the Council 230 lb, the chaplain 30 lb and the doctor's shop 25 lb, together 4 cwt 0 qr 10 lb, £48 13s 3d

Twine for the Castle and the stores, 7 skeins, £0 4s 0d

Cotton wick for the Castle and the stores, 1½ lb, £0 2s 10d

Twine and wick, total, £0 6s 10d

Blankets for the Castle, 1, £0 6s 3d

Sheet lead for the Castle and the fishermen, 21 lb, £0 4s 4½d

Small shot for the Castle and the fishermen, 7 lb, £0 1s 4½d

Lead, total, £0 5s 9d

Soap for washing linen, 0 cwt 3 qr 16 lb, £2 14s 2d

Chelloes for the Castle, 1 piece, £0 11s 5d

China baking dishes, 4, £0 4s 5d

China octagonal soup plates, 18, £0 9s 7½d

China octagonal meat dishes, 4, £1 1s 10½d

China, total, £1 15s 11d

Oil bought locally, 3 gallons, £1 10s 0d

Train oil, 9 gallons, £1 10s 4½d

Linseed oil, 1 gallon, £0 4s 2½d

Oil, total, £3 4s 7d

Fish hooks number 16 for the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, 225, £0 1s 1½d

Fish hooks number 12 for the fishermen, 25, £0 0s 4½d

Hooks and lines carried forward, £0 1s 6d

Carried forward, £72 17s 0d

Interpretations

The candles for the Castle, the Council, the chaplain and the doctor's shop again made up two thirds of the general charges, at £48 13s 3d. The Council chamber alone burned 230 lb, the same quantity as in the last quarter of 1772. The Castle used 173 lb against 148 lb before, which fits the longer evenings of entertaining and business while the homeward ships were in the roads. The sheet lead and small shot issued to the fishermen were for sinkers and weights on their lines. The Company was supplying the men who fished for the Castle's table.

381

377

1773

Brought Over

£ 72 . 17 -

Hooks & Lines Brought Over

£ 1 . 6

100 No. 6

8 . ½

54 2

15 . 9½

2 Log

1 . 10

Governor and Lieut. Governors

Fishermen

1 Knot Fish Lieutenant Govrs. House

1 . 4

1 . 7 . 11

Haberdashery 6 Sks. Silk Fisherman

2 . 3

Braziers Ware 1 Brass Roler for the Crane

3 . 8 -

Iron Cs. qrs. lb 2 . 1 . 24 Do.

2 . 11 . 9

Paint viz.

lb 30 Chalk

1 . 3

lb 3 Whiting

1½

Castle & Coopers Shop

lb 2 Blew Smalts

3 . 5½

lb 4 Indico

6 . 10

for Linen

11 . 8

Nails viz.

lb 3 4

1 . 10

11 6

5 . 11½

8 10

3 . 8

9 20

3 . 7

10 40

3 . 9

New Bridge

18 Rivets Coopers Shop

9 . 7½

1 . 8 . 5

Iron Ware viz.

1 Flagon Iron

1 . 8

1 Drawing Knife

1 . 9

1 Spoke Shave

2 -

2 Steel Drivers

3 . 4

2 Cold Chissells

2 . 3

2 Coopers Punches

2 . 7

1 Tap Borer

1 . 1½

1 Setting Knife

4½

1 Coopers Jointer

10 . 10

Coopr. Shop

24 Files

13 -

24 Do. Hafts

2 -

12 Drill Boxes

12 -

1 Wood Axe

2 . 11

3 Crucibles

11½

6 Farriers Rasps

6 . 1½

Iron Ware Carried Over

£ 3 . 5 . 9½

Carried Over

£ 82 . 7 -

The stores charged to general expenses between 1 January and 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £72 17s 0d

Hooks and lines brought forward, £0 1s 6d

Fish hooks number 6 for the fishermen of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, 100, £0 8s 0½d

Fishing lines number 2 for the same, 54, £0 15s 9½d

Log lines for the same, 2, £0 1s 10d

Sash line for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 1 knot, £0 1s 4d

Hooks and lines, total, £1 7s 11d

Skein silk for the fishermen, 6 skeins, £0 2s 3d

Brass roller for the crane, 1, £3 8s 0d

Iron for the crane, 2 cwt 1 qr 24 lb, £2 11s 9d

Chalk for the Castle and the coopers' shop, 30 lb, £0 1s 3d

Whiting for the Castle and the coopers' shop, 3 lb, £0 0s 1½d

Blue smalt for washing linen, 2 lb, £0 3s 5½d

Indigo for washing linen, 4 lb, £0 6s 10d

Paint, total, £0 11s 8d

Fourpenny nails for the new bridge, 3 lb, £0 1s 10d

Sixpenny nails for the new bridge, 11 lb, £0 5s 11½d

Tenpenny nails for the new bridge, 8 lb, £0 3s 8d

Twentypenny nails for the new bridge, 9 lb, £0 3s 7d

Fortypenny nails for the new bridge, 10 lb, £0 3s 9d

Coopers' rivets for the coopers' shop, 18 lb, £0 9s 7½d

Nails, total, £1 8s 5d

Flagging iron for the coopers' shop, 1, £0 1s 8d

Drawing knife for the coopers' shop, 1, £0 1s 9d

Spokeshave for the coopers' shop, 1, £0 2s 0d

Steel drivers for the coopers' shop, 2, £0 3s 4d

Cold chisels for the coopers' shop, 2, £0 2s 3d

Coopers' punches for the coopers' shop, 2, £0 2s 7d

Tap borer for the coopers' shop, 1, £0 1s 1½d

Setting knife for the coopers' shop, 1, £0 0s 4½d

Cooper's jointer for the coopers' shop, 1, £0 10s 10d

Files, 24, £0 13s 0d

File handles, 24, £0 2s 0d

Drill boxes, 12, £0 12s 0d

Wood axe, 1, £0 2s 11d

Crucibles, 3, £0 0s 11½d

Farriers' rasps, 6, £0 6s 1½d

Ironware carried forward, £3 5s 9½d

Carried forward, £82 7s 0d

Interpretations

The nails charged for the new bridge point to a work not mentioned in Captain Tippet's quarterly report. It was probably a timber footbridge carrying a path over the Run or the watercourse in James's Valley, small enough to be built without being named among the public works. The coopers' shop was being refitted with a full set of tools, from punches and drivers to a jointer and a tap borer. That reflected the heavy demand on the coopers during the homeward season, when every ship had water casks to be repaired and filled. A flagging iron was a cooper's lever for prising apart the staves of a cask so that flags, or dried rushes, could be pressed into the seams to stop a leak. A tap borer cut the hole in the head of a cask for its tap.

382

378

19 April

Brought Over

£ 82 . 7 -

Iron Ware Brought Over

3 . 5 . 9½

lb 2 Binding Wire

2 . 10½

1 Plastr. Sive Bake House

4 . 8½

2 Blank Keys Castle & Secty. Office

1 . 3

1 Cupboard Lock Castle

2 . 9¼

3 . 16 . 5

Canvas viz.

4 Yds. Engl. Canvas Castle

4 -

7 Do. Osnabrigs Packets

5 . 10

9 . 10

Turners Ware viz.

2 Hair Brooms

5 . 7

1 Scrubg. Brush

2 . 11

1 Shoe Do.

9

Castle Church

9 . 3

Cordage qrs. lb 1 . 17 Well & Bell Ropes

15 -

Cart Wheels 2 Axletree for Castle Do.

13 . 4

£ 88 . 10 . 10

Repairs Dr. for the following Stores Issued from 1 Jany. to 31 March 1773

Paint viz.

lb 128 White Lead dry

1 . 17 . 4

lb 78 Whiting

3 . 2

33 Barrels Blacking

16 . 6

lb 8 Indico

13 . 8

lb 72 Chalk

3 . 0

5 Ounces Prussian Blew

7 . 1

lb 17 Ven. Red mixed

7 . 5½

lb 2 Copperas

2 -

lb 30 Stone Colour

16 . 3

lb 1 Yellow Oaker Dry

2½

lb 36 Blew paint

4 . 3 . 3

lb 2 Blue Black

1 . 10½

Castle Lt. Governors House & Companys Houses

9 . 11 . 9

Oil viz.

3½ Gallons Oil bought

1 . 1 -

11 Do. Linsed Oil Do.

2 . 6 . 1

3 . 7 . 1

Carried Over

£ 12 . 18 . 10

The stores charged to general expenses between 1 January and 31 March 1773 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £82 7s 0d

Ironware brought forward, £3 5s 9½d

Binding wire, 2 lb, £0 2s 10½d

Plasterer's sieve for the bakehouse, 1, £0 4s 8½d

Blank keys for the Castle and the secretary's office, 2, £0 1s 3d

Cupboard lock for the Castle, 1, £0 2s 9½d

Ironware, total, £3 16s 5d

English canvas for the Castle, 4 yards, £0 4s 0d

Osnaburg canvas for packets, 7 yards, £0 5s 10d

Canvas, total, £0 9s 10d

Hair brooms for the Castle and the church, 2, £0 5s 7d

Scrubbing brush for the same, 1, £0 2s 11d

Shoe brush for the same, 1, £0 0s 9d

Turned ware, total, £0 9s 3d

Cordage for well and bell ropes, 0 cwt 1 qr 17 lb, £0 15s 0d

Cart axletrees for the Castle, 2, £0 13s 4d

General expenses, total, £88 10s 10d

The stores charged to repairs between 1 January and 31 March 1773 began as follows. All the paint was for the Castle, the Governor's house and the Company's houses.

Dry white lead, 128 lb, £1 17s 4d

Whiting, 77 lb, £0 3s 2d

Blacking, 33 papers, £0 16s 6d

Indigo, 8 lb, £0 13s 8d

Chalk, 72 lb, £0 3s 0d

Prussian blue, 5 oz, £0 7s 1d

Venetian red mixed in oil, 17 lb, £0 7s 5½d

Copperas, 2 lb, £0 2s 0d

Stone colour, 30 lb, £0 16s 3d

Yellow ochre, dry, 1 lb, £0 0s 2½d

Blue paint, 36 lb, £4 3s 3d

Blue black, 2 lb, £0 1s 10½d

Paint, total, £9 11s 9d

Oil bought locally for the same, 3½ gallons, £1 1s 0d

Linseed oil for the same, 11 gallons, £2 6s 1d

Oil, total, £3 7s 1d

Carried forward, £12 18s 10d

Interpretations

The osnaburg charged for packets was for wrapping the Council's letters and copies of its consultations to the Court of Directors. Each packet was sewn into canvas, often tarred, so that it would survive the damp of a ship's hold on the long voyage home. Sending the island's records to London in the homeward ships was a constant duty of the Council, and the canvas cost was charged to general expenses along with the candles burned in copying them.

383

379

1773

Brought Over

£ 12 . 18 . 10

Rice qrs. lb 2 . 21 Castle Lt. Govr. House

5 . 9

Arrack 2 Gallons

6 . 7

Iron lb 75 Company's House

13 . 9

Tin Ware 12 Graind Tin Lieut. Govr. House

12 -

Glass Ware viz.

40 Squares Glass 6 by 8

10 . 10

20 Do. Do. 8 . . 10

10 . 10

70 Do. Do. 10 . . 12

3 . 4 . 2

10 Do. Do. 11¼ . . 18½

13 . 9

6 Do. Do. 11½ . . 18

8 . 3

28 Do. Do. 10½ . . 12½

1 . 9 . 9

Castle and Compy. Houses

6 . 17 . 7

Iron Ware viz.

14 Plate Iron Lt. Govr. in the Wood

5 . 3

4 Blank Keys

2 . 6

2 Stock Locks

5 . 6½

1 Barrack Door Lock

5 -

1 Do. Do. wt. Brass Kb.

7 . 6

2 Brass Plate Locks

1 . 8 . 11

1 Cupboard Do.

2 . 9½

Compy. Houses

2 Pr. Dovetail Hinges Alarm House

1 . 2½

lb 56 Rod Iron

11 . 8

3 . 10 . 4

Deals 1 Bought Castle

2 . 11

Nails viz.

lb 75 4

2 . 5 . 4

52 6

1 . 8 . 2

5 10

2 . 3½

6 20

2 . 4½

12 40

4 . 6

41 3

1 . 10 . 9

Repairing Compy. House & Alarm House

5 . 13 . 5

Cordage lb 11 Alarm House

3 . 8

Masts viz.

6 Spars

21 . 9

1 Top Mast

9 . 2 . 9

Company's Houses

30 . 3 . 6

Turners Ware viz.

6 Paint Brushes

3 -

1 Hair Broom

2 . 10

Castle

5 . 10

£ 61 . 14 . 2

The stores charged to repairs between 1 January and 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £12 18s 10d

Rice for the Castle and the Lieutenant Governor's house, 0 cwt 2 qr 21 lb, £0 5s 9d

Arrack, 2 gallons, £0 6s 7d

Iron for the Company's house, 75 lb, £0 13s 9d

Grain tin for the Lieutenant Governor's house, 12 lb, £0 12s 0d

Window glass for the Castle and the Company's houses, panes of 6 by 8 inches, 40, £0 10s 10d

Window glass for the same, panes of 8 by 10 inches, 20, £0 11s 10d

Window glass for the same, panes of 10 by 12 inches, 70, £3 4s 2d

Window glass for the same, panes of 11¼ by 18½ inches, 10, £0 13s 9d

Window glass for the same, panes of 11½ by 18 inches, 6, £0 8s 3d

Window glass for the same, panes of 10½ by 12½ inches, 28, £1 9s 9d

Glassware, total, £6 17s 7d

Plate iron for the Lieutenant Governor's house in the Wood, 14 lb, £0 5s 3d

Blank keys for the Company's houses, 4, £0 2s 6d

Stock locks for the same, 2, £0 5s 6½d

Barrack door lock for the same, 1, £0 5s 0d

Barrack door lock with brass knob for the same, 1, £0 7s 6d

Brass plate locks for the same, 2, £1 8s 11d

Cupboard lock for the same, 1, £0 2s 9½d

Dovetail hinges for the alarm house, 2 pairs, £0 1s 2½d

Rod iron, 56 lb, £0 11s 8d

Ironware, total, £3 10s 4d

Deal bought locally for the Castle, 1, £0 2s 11d

Fourpenny nails for repairing the Company's houses and the alarm house, 75 lb, £2 5s 4d

Sixpenny nails for the same, 52 lb, £1 8s 2d

Tenpenny nails for the same, 5 lb, £0 2s 3½d

Twentypenny nails for the same, 6 lb, £0 2s 4½d

Fortypenny nails for the same, 12 lb, £0 4s 6d

Threepenny nails for the same, 41 lb, £1 10s 9d

Nails, total, £5 13s 5d

Cordage for the alarm house, 11 lb, £0 3s 8d

Spars for the Company's houses, 6, £21 0s 9d

Topmast for the Company's houses, 1, £9 2s 9d

Masts, total, £30 3s 6d

Paint brushes for the Castle, 6, £0 3s 0d

Hair broom for the Castle, 1, £0 2s 10d

Turned ware, total, £0 5s 10d

Carried forward, £61 14s 2d

Interpretations

The six spars and a topmast, worth £30 3s 6d, made up almost half the quarter's repairs so far. Once again the Company drew on its stock of ships' masts and spars for building timber, this time for the Company's houses in James's Valley that Captain Tippet reported repairing. This matches the alterations he made to his own newly allotted house and to Lieutenant St Maurice's, which the Council questioned on 12 April 1773. The island had no long timber of its own, and spars bought from passing ships were the only beams long enough to span a room or carry a new roof.

384

380

19 April

Diet Expences Dr. for the following Stores Issued from

the 1st January to the 31st of March 1773

Flour Cs. qrs. lb 13 . 3 . 19

12 . 19 . 10

Beef & Pork viz.

42 Ps. Beef

7 . 5 . 3

44 Do. Pork

6 . 15 . 8

14 - . 11

Arrack 79 Gallons

13 - . 1

Tea viz.

lb 4 Single

4 . 5

5 Bohea

3 . 1

7 . 6

Sugar & Candy viz.

Cs. qrs. lb 2 . . 5 . 3 Sugar

3 . 6 -

2 . . 16 Candy

4 - . -

7 . 6 -

Salt 2½ Bushels

7 . 2

Rice Cs. qrs. lb 2 . 2 -

1 - . 8

Pepper lb 4

2 -

£ 49 . 4 . 2

Garrison Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of

January to the 31st of March 1773.

Tea lb 98 Bohea

2 . 19 . 3

Candles Cs. qrs. lb 2 . - . 19 Barracks & Guards

23 . 16 . 5

Oil viz.

15 Gallons Oil Bought

4 . 10 -

10 Do. Linsed Oil

2 . 1 . 10½

5 Do. Train Do.

16 . 10½

Do. & Do.

7 . 8 . 9

Soldiers Cloaths viz.

3 Soldiers Coats & Breeches

4 . 8 . 2

1 Serjeants Do. & Do.

5 . 4 . 6

Recruits

9 . 12 . 8

Canvas 30 Yards English for Cotts

1 . 10

Nails viz.

lb 13 3

9 . 9

1 6

7

for Cotts & Coffins

10 . 4

Carried Over

£ 47 . 17 . 5

The stores charged to diet expenses between 1 January and 31 March 1773 were the following.

Flour, 13 cwt 3 qr 19 lb, £12 19s 10d

Beef, 42 pieces, £7 5s 3d

Pork, 44 pieces, £6 15s 8d

Beef and pork, total, £14 0s 11d

Arrack, 79 gallons, £13 0s 1d

Singlo tea, 4 lb, £0 4s 5d

Bohea tea, 5 lb, £0 3s 1d

Tea, total, £0 7s 6d

Sugar, 2 cwt 3 qr 3 lb, £3 6s 0d

Sugar candy, 2 cwt 0 qr 16 lb, £4 0s 0d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £7 6s 0d

Salt, 2½ bushels, £0 7s 2d

Rice, 2 cwt 2 qr 0 lb, £1 0s 8d

Pepper, 4 lb, £0 2s 0d

Diet expenses, total, £49 4s 2d

The stores charged to the garrison between 1 January and 31 March 1773 began as follows.

Bohea tea for the barracks and guards, 98 lb, £2 19s 3d

Candles for the barracks and guards, 2 cwt 0 qr 19 lb, £23 16s 5d

Oil bought locally for the barracks and guards, 15 gallons, £4 10s 0d

Linseed oil for the same, 10 gallons, £2 1s 10½d

Train oil for the same, 5 gallons, £0 16s 10½d

Oil, total, £7 8s 9d

Soldiers' coats and breeches for recruits, 3 sets, £4 8s 2d

Sergeant's coat and breeches for a recruit, 1 set, £5 4s 6d

Soldiers' clothing, total, £9 12s 8d

English canvas for cots, 30 yards, £1 10s 0d

Threepenny nails for cots and coffins, 13 lb, £0 9s 9d

Sixpenny nails for cots and coffins, 1 lb, £0 0s 7d

Nails, total, £0 10s 4d

Carried forward, £47 17s 5d

Interpretations

The candles issued to the barracks and guards rose to more than 240 lb, against 150 lb for the officers on guard in the last quarter of 1772. January to March was the busiest season of the year. With the homeward fleet in the roads and alarms fired almost daily, the guards at the Castle, the batteries and the signal posts were kept fully manned through the night. The three suits of soldiers' clothing went to the men enlisted from the ships during the season, including James Wilson, Stephen Jarns and Henry Yates.

385

381

1773

Brought Over

£ 47 . 17 . 5

Deals 2 Bought for Cotts & Coffins

5 . 9

Twine viz.

1 Skn. Twine for Cotts

7

½ lb Cotton Wick Main Guard

1 . 2

1 . 9

Haberdashery 1 Gross Broad worsted Lace

18 -

Flour lb 10

1 . 8

Arrack 14 Gallons Muster Drams

2 . 6 . 1

Turners Ware viz.

1 Wood Bowl

1 . 1½

1 Do. Platter

1 . 3½

Barracks

2 . 5

Blankets 5 Recruits

1 . 11 . 3

Shirts 3 Soldiers Do.

13 . 6

Shoes 3 Pr. Mens Ordy. Do.

13 . 9

Hosiers Ware 3 Pr. Ordy. thread Stockgs. Recruits

8 . 5

Hats 3 Soldiers Do.

8 . 9

Glass Ware 2 Hour Glasses Out Guards

1 . 4

Lead 20 Sheet Barracks

4 . 2

Beef & Pork

111 Ps. Beef

19 . 3 . 10½

358 Do. Pork

55 . 3 . 10½

Deficiency in Weight

74 . 7 . 9

Iron Ware viz.

1 Stock Lock

2 . 10

2 Splinter Do.

11

Out Guards

3 . 9

£ 130 . 5 . 9

Blacks Dr. the following Stores Issued from the 1st January

to the 31 March 1773

Rice Cs. qrs. lb 82 . . 3 . . 14

34 . 3 . 9

Beef & Pork viz.

1118 Ps. Beef

193 . 6 . 5

1115 Do. Pork

178 . 1 . 3

371 . 7 . 8

Arrack 315 Gallons

51 . 16 . 10

Oil viz.

3 Gallons Oil bought

18 -

1 Do. Linsed Oil

4 . 2½

1 Do. Train

3 . 4½

1 . 5 . 7

Carried Over

£ 458 . 13 . 10

The stores charged to the garrison between 1 January and 31 March 1773 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £47 17s 5d

Deals bought locally for cots and coffins, 2, £0 5s 9d

Twine for cots, 1 skein, £0 0s 7d

Cotton wick for the main guard, ½ lb, £0 1s 2d

Twine and wick, total, £0 1s 9d

Broad worsted lace, 1 gross, £0 18s 0d

Flour, 10 lb, £0 1s 8d

Arrack for drams at muster, 14 gallons, £2 6s 1d

Wooden bowl for the barracks, 1, £0 1s 1½d

Platter for the barracks, 1, £0 1s 3½d

Turned ware, total, £0 2s 5d

Blankets for recruits, 5, £1 11s 3d

Shirts for recruits, 3, £0 13s 6d

Men's ordinary shoes for recruits, 3 pairs, £0 13s 9d

Ordinary thread stockings for recruits, 3 pairs, £0 8s 5d

Soldiers' hats for recruits, 3, £0 8s 9d

Hourglasses for the outlying guards, 2, £0 1s 4d

Sheet lead for the barracks, 20 lb, £0 4s 2d

Beef made up to the garrison for short weight, 111 pieces, £19 3s 10½d

Pork made up to the garrison for short weight, 358 pieces, £55 3s 10½d

Beef and pork, total, £74 7s 9d

Stock lock for the outlying guards, 1, £0 2s 10d

[...] locks for the outlying guards, 2, £0 0s 11d

Ironware, total, £0 3s 9d

Garrison, total, £130 5s 9d

The stores charged to the Company's slaves, under the heading "Blacks", between 1 January and 31 March 1773 began as follows.

Rice, 82 cwt 3 qr 14 lb, £34 3s 9d

Beef, 1,118 pieces, £193 6s 5d

Pork, 1,115 pieces, £178 1s 3d

Beef and pork, total, £371 7s 8d

Arrack, 315 gallons, £51 16s 10d

Oil bought locally, 3 gallons, £0 18s 0d

Linseed oil, 1 gallon, £0 4s 2½d

Train oil, 1 gallon, £0 3s 4½d

Oil, total, £1 5s 7d

Carried forward, £458 13s 10d

Interpretations

The compensation for short-weight meat rose to £74 7s 9d, against £57 19s 3d in the last quarter of 1772 and £57 8s 6d in the quarter before that. For the first time beef was included as well as pork. The casks sent out from England and Ireland were evidently running ever lighter. This was a growing cost that the Company bore on the soldiers' behalf, and the Council's accounts recorded it as evidence against the contractors.

The slaves' rice fell from 239 cwt in the last quarter of 1772 to under 83 cwt, a drop of almost two thirds. In the same months the Plantation account recorded 80,780 lb of yams issued to the slaves, against 21,330 lb before. The summer yam harvest replaced imported rice as the slaves' staple, and the Company drew down its costly eastern grain only when the island's own crop was short.

386

382

19 April

Brought Over

£ 458 . 13 . 10

Soap lb 10

5 . 5

Tea 9 Bohea

5 . 6

Flour lb 62

10 . 4

Pepper lb 2

1 -

Salt ½ Bushell

10

Long Cloth ⅛ Ps. No. 5

4 . 4

Sugar lb 39

9

Wheat Cs. qrs. lb 20 . 1 -

7 . 8 . 6

Lines 1 Whip Cord

3 . 10

Iron Ware 1 Corn Mill

6 . 3 . 8

£ 474 . 6 . 3

Mallay Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1st of January to the 31st of March 1773.

Rice Cs. qrs. lb 2 . 1 . 9

19 . 1

Beef 13 Peices

2 . . 5

Arrack 10 Gallons

1 . 12 . 11

Flour lb 30

5 -

Coffee lb 4

3 . 4

Pepper lb 2

1 -

Candles lb 20

2 . 2 . 6

Sope lb 6

3 . 3

Salt ½ Bushell

10

Tea 5 lb Bohea

3 . 1

Sugar & Candy viz.

lb 52 Sugar

11 . 11

15 Candy

5 -

16 . 11

Paint 1 Indico

1 . 9

Hooks & Lines viz.

100 No. 6 Hooks

8 . ½

6 No. 2 Lines

1 . 8½

9 . 9

Haberdashery 2 Sks. Silk

9

Shoes 2 Pr. Chennel Pumps

12 -

£ 9 . 12 . 7

The stores charged to the Company's slaves between 1 January and 31 March 1773 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £458 13s 10d

Soap, 10 lb, £0 5s 5d

Bohea tea, 9 lb, £0 5s 6d

Flour, 62 lb, £0 10s 4d

Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 0d

Salt, ½ bushel, £0 0s 10d

Long cloth number 5, ⅛ piece, £0 4s 4d

Sugar, 39 lb, £0 9s 0d

Wheat, 20 cwt 1 qr 0 lb, £7 8s 6d

Whipcord, 1, £0 3s 10d

Corn mill, 1, £6 3s 8d

Slaves' account, total, £474 6s 3d

The stores charged to the account headed "Mallay" between 1 January and 31 March 1773 were the following.

Rice, 2 cwt 1 qr 7 lb, £0 19s 1d

Beef, 13 pieces, £2 0s 5d

Arrack, 10 gallons, £1 12s 11d

Flour, 30 lb, £0 5s 0d

Coffee, 4 lb, £0 3s 4d

Pepper, 2 lb, £0 1s 0d

Candles, 20 lb, £2 2s 6d

Soap, 6 lb, £0 3s 3d

Salt, ½ bushel, £0 0s 10d

Bohea tea, 5 lb, £0 3s 1d

Sugar, 52 lb, £0 11s 11d

Sugar candy, 15 lb, £0 5s 0d

Sugar and sugar candy, total, £0 16s 11d

Indigo, 1 lb, £0 1s 9d

Fish hooks number 6, 100, £0 8s 0½d

Fishing lines number 2, 6, £0 1s 8½d

Hooks and lines, total, £0 9s 9d

Skein silk, 2 skeins, £0 0s 9d

Channel pumps, 2 pairs, £0 12s 0d

Mallay account, total, £9 12s 7d

Interpretations

A corn mill and more than a ton of wheat were charged to the slaves' account in the same quarter. The wheat bought cheaply from the homeward ships at the Cape was issued to the slaves as grain, and the mill let them grind it into meal themselves. This followed the drop in their rice ration while yams were in season. It suggests the Company was spreading the slaves' diet across whatever food was cheapest at the time rather than relying on a single imported staple.

387

383

1773

Plantations Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of

January to the 31st of March 1773

Rice & Paddy viz.

Cs. qrs. lb

5 . . 2 . . 21 Rice

2 . 7 . 3

52 . . 3 . . 14 Paddy

11 . 4 . 9

Poultry Horses Overseers and Stewards

13 . 12 -

Wheat Cs. qrs. lb 39 . . 1 . 7

14 . 8 . 4

Iron Ware viz.

1 Spring Rat trap

1 . 6½

1 Wire Do.

6 . 9

Sandy bay Plantation

5 Sheets Emery Paper

6½

2 Stock Locks

5 . 6½

1 Iron Shovel

4 . 5½

Stables

9 Sithe Stones

2 . 1

2 Hand Hatchets

3 . 7½

3 Spades

11 . 3

Gardens

3 Pad Locks Long Wood

4 . 1½

3 Blank Keys Pest House

1 . 10½

2 . 1 . 9

Turners Ware 2 Platters Stables

2 . 7

Beef 13 Peices Steward

2 . 5 -

Nails viz.

lb 1 3

9

2 4

1 . 2½

6 6

3 . 3

4 10

1 . 10½

Pastures

7 . 1

Cordage lb 18 Stables

6 -

Oil ½ Train Do.

11

Saddlery viz.

1 Large Curb Briddle

1 . 10 -

1 Sursingle

2 . 10

1 Saddle Cloth

3 . 11

Stables

1 . 16 . 9

Cutlery Ware viz.

6 Butcher Knives

3 . 4½

1 Case Fleams

2 . 3½

2 Budding Knives

2 . 5

1 Pruning

1 . 3

Stables & Gardens

9 . 6

Carried Over

£ 35 . 9 . 11

The stores charged to Plantation between 1 January and 31 March 1773 began as follows.

Rice for the poultry, horses, overseers and stewards, 5 cwt 2 qr 21 lb, £2 7s 3d

Paddy for the same, 52 cwt 3 qr 14 lb, £11 4s 9d

Rice and paddy, total, £13 12s 0d

Wheat, 39 cwt 1 qr 7 lb, £14 8s 4d

Spring rat trap for the Sandy Bay plantation, 1, £0 1s 6½d

Wire rat trap for the Sandy Bay plantation, 1, £0 6s 9d

Emery paper for the stables, 5 sheets, £0 0s 6½d

Stock locks for the stables, 2, £0 5s 6½d

Iron shovel for the stables, 1, £0 4s 5½d

Scythe stones for the gardens, 9, £0 2s 1d

Hand hatchets for the gardens, 2, £0 3s 7½d

Spades for the gardens, 3, £0 11s 3d

Padlocks for Longwood, 3, £0 4s 1½d

Blank keys for the pork house, 3, £0 1s 10½d

Ironware, total, £2 1s 9d

Platters for the stables, 2, £0 2s 7d

Beef for the steward, 13 pieces, £2 5s 0d

Threepenny nails for the pastures, 1 lb, £0 0s 9d

Fourpenny nails for the pastures, 2 lb, £0 1s 2½d

Sixpenny nails for the pastures, 6 lb, £0 3s 3d

Tenpenny nails for the pastures, 4 lb, £0 1s 10½d

Nails, total, £0 7s 1d

Cordage for the stables, 18 lb, £0 6s 0d

Train oil for the stables, ¼ gallon, £0 0s 11d

Large curb bridle for the stables, 1, £1 10s 0d

Surcingle for the stables, 1, £0 2s 10d

Saddle cloth for the stables, 1, £0 3s 11d

Saddlery, total, £1 16s 9d

Butchers' knives for the stables and gardens, 6, £0 3s 4½d

Cased fleams for the stables and gardens, 1, £0 2s 5½d

Budding knives for the stables and gardens, 2, £0 2s 5d

Pruning knife for the stables and gardens, 1, £0 1s 3d

Cutlery carried forward, £0 9s 6d

Carried forward, £35 9s 11d

Interpretations

The Company's estate now included a plantation at Sandy Bay as well as the lands at Plantation House and Longwood. Sandy Bay lay on the southern coast, where the Company also burned its lime. The pork house supplied with keys was where pigs killed on the estate were salted and stored, which shows the Company curing some of its own pork alongside the imported casks. The large curb bridle, at £1 10s 0d, was a costly piece of harness. It was probably for one of the Governor's riding horses rather than a working beast.

388

384

19 April

Brought Over

£ 35 . 9 . 11

Hooks & Lines 12 No. 3 Lines

Stables and Gardens

3 . 9

Twine 1 Skn. Gardens

7

£ 35 . 14 . 3

Hospital Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1st of

January to the 31st of March 1773

Sugar Cs. qrs. lb 3 . 2 . . 9

4 . 12 -

Flour 3 . 3 . 23

3 . 13 . 10

Rice 3 . 3 . 23

1 . 12 . 9

Tea . . 1 . . 8 Bohea

1 . 1 . 9

Oil viz.

10 Gallons Linsed Oil

2 . 1 . 10½

3 Do. Train Do.

10 . 1½

2 . 12 -

Salt 1½ Bushell

4 -

Turners Ware 1 Hair Broom

2 . 10

Iron Ware viz.

1 Hand Hatchet

1 . 9½

2 Ash Helves

1 . 2½

3 -

Twine lb ½ Cotton Wick

7

Canvas 21 Yards English

1 . 1 -

Nails lb 7 . 3

5 . 3

Haberdashery 1 Ps. Carnation Tape

5

£ 15 . 9 . 5

Boats Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the 1 January

to the 31st of March 1773

Cordage Cs. qrs. lb 10 . 1 . 7

19 . 5 -

Pitch & Tar viz.

1 Barl. & 2 Gallons Tar

1 . 3 . 8½

lb 80 Rozin

13 . 4

1 Barrel Pitch

1 . 3 . 4½

3 . . 5

Canvas 6 Yards English

6 -

Carried Over

£ 22 . 11 . 5

The stores charged to Plantation between 1 January and 31 March 1773 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £35 9s 11d

Fishing lines number 3 for the stables and gardens, 12, £0 3s 9d

Twine for the gardens, 1 skein, £0 0s 7d

Plantation, total, £35 14s 3d

The stores charged to the hospital between 1 January and 31 March 1773 were the following.

Sugar, 3 cwt 2 qr 9 lb, £4 12s 0d

Flour, 3 cwt 3 qr 23 lb, £3 13s 10d

Rice, 3 cwt 3 qr 23 lb, £1 12s 9d

Bohea tea, 0 cwt 1 qr 8 lb, £1 1s 9d

Linseed oil, 10 gallons, £2 1s 10½d

Train oil, 3 gallons, £0 10s 1½d

Oil, total, £2 12s 0d

Salt, 1½ bushels, £0 4s 0d

Hair broom, 1, £0 2s 10d

Hand hatchet, 1, £0 1s 9½d

Ash helves, 2, £0 1s 2½d

Ironware, total, £0 3s 0d

Cotton wick, ¼ lb, £0 0s 7d

English canvas, 21 yards, £1 1s 0d

Threepenny nails, 7 lb, £0 5s 3d

Carnation tape, 1 piece, £0 0s 5d

Hospital, total, £15 9s 5d

The stores charged to the boats between 1 January and 31 March 1773 began as follows.

Cordage, 10 cwt 1 qr 7 lb, £19 5s 0d

Tar, 1 barrel and 2 gallons, £1 3s 8½d

Rosin, 80 lb, £0 13s 4d

Pitch, 1 barrel, £1 3s 4½d

Pitch and tar, total, £3 0s 5d

English canvas, 6 yards, £0 6s 0d

Carried forward, £22 11s 5d

Interpretations

The boats used more than half a ton of cordage in the quarter, worth £19 5s 0d, against about 3 cwt in the last three months of 1772. Twelve Company ships and two Danish ships called between January and March. Every cask of water, every live sheep and every chest of sugar passed between ship and shore in the island's boats. Their cables and tackle wore out quickly under that load and the swell at the landing place. The heavy issue of pitch, tar and rosin points to the boats being paid afresh after the season's hard use.

389

385

1773

Brought Over

£ 22 . 11 . 5

Twine 32 Skain

19 . 6

Iron Ware viz.

24 Sail Needles

6

2 Iron Chains for Long Boats

4 . 13 . 3

2 Pad Locks

2 . 9

4 . 16 . 6

Arrack 5 Gallons

16 . 6

Leather lb 4 Sole

3 . 11

Deals viz.

5 Wainscoat Boards

1 . 13 . ½

1 Deal Bought

2 . 10½

1 . 15 . 11

Nails viz.

lb 2 3

1 . 6

1 4

7¼

4 6

2 . 2

3 10

1 . 4¾

5 . 8

Paint 2 Barrls. Blacking

1 -

Turners Ware 1 Paint Brush

6

Oil 3 Gallons Oil Bought

18 -

Braziers Ware 1 Brass Roler

3 . 8 -

Lines 1 Deep Sea

5 -

Oars 3 Small

13 . 2

Lead 32 Sheet

6 . 8

Masts 1 Spar

3 . 10 . 2

£ 40 . 9 . 11

Fortifications Dr. for the following Stores Issued from the

1st January to the 31st of March 1773

Oil viz.

1 Gallon Linsed Oil

4 . 2½

1 Do. Train Do.

3 . 4½

Lime Kilns

7 . 7

Twine 20 Sks.

Candles 1 lb

Mending Lime bags

11 . 8

2 . 2

Cordage Cs. qrs. lb - . 1 . 24 Flag Staff

17 . 4

Thread 1 lb Colord. Artillery

3 -

Lines viz.

6 No. 2

1 . 8½

6 No. 4

2 . 2½

3 . 11

Carried Over

£ 2 . 3 . 8

The stores charged to the boats between 1 January and 31 March 1773 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £22 11s 5d

Twine, 30 skeins, £0 19s 6d

Sail needles, 24, £0 0s 6d

Iron chains for the longboats, 2, £4 13s 3d

Padlocks, 2, £0 2s 9d

Ironware, total, £4 16s 6d

Arrack, 5 gallons, £0 16s 6d

Sole leather, 4 lb, £0 3s 11d

Wainscot boards, 5, £1 13s 0½d

Deal bought locally, 1, £0 2s 10½d

Timber, total, £1 15s 11d

Threepenny nails, 2 lb, £0 1s 6d

Fourpenny nails, 1 lb, £0 0s 7½d

Sixpenny nails, 4 lb, £0 2s 2d

Tenpenny nails, 3 lb, £0 1s 4½d

Nails, total, £0 5s 8d

Blacking, 2 papers, £0 1s 0d

Paint brush, 1, £0 0s 6d

Oil bought locally, 3 gallons, £0 18s 0d

Brass roller, 1, £3 8s 0d

Deep-sea line, 1, £0 5s 0d

Small oars, 3, £0 13s 2d

Sheet lead, 32 lb, £0 6s 8d

Spar, 1, £3 10s 2d

Boats, total, £40 9s 11d

The stores charged to the fortifications between 1 January and 31 March 1773 began as follows.

Linseed oil for the lime kilns, 1 gallon, £0 4s 2½d

Train oil for the lime kilns, 1 gallon, £0 3s 4½d

Oil, total, £0 7s 7d

Twine for mending lime bags, 20 skeins, £0 11s 8d

Candles for mending lime bags, 1 lb, £0 2s 2d

Cordage for the flagstaff, 0 cwt 1 qr 24 lb, £0 17s 4d

Coloured thread for the artillery, 1 lb, £0 3s 0d

Fishing lines number 2, 6, £0 1s 8½d

Fishing lines number 4, 6, £0 2s 2½d

Lines carried forward, £0 3s 11d

Carried forward, £2 5s 8d

Interpretations

The boats' account came to £40 9s 11d for the quarter, against £15 16s 1d in the last three months of 1772. The rise followed the busy homeward season. Two new iron chains for the longboats replaced moorings worn through in the roads, and a new spar and three oars made good losses from constant use. Wainscot boards were the best Baltic oak, kept for boat repairs, where any weakness in the planking could swamp a heavily laden boat in the surf.

390

386

19 April

Brought Over

£ 2 . 5 . 8

Iron Ware viz.

1 Blank Key

7½

1 Wood Axe Lime Kiln

2 . 10

12 Sail Nedles Lime Bags

3

3 Pr. Steel Compass's Masons

2 . ½

5 . 9

Canvas 3 Ps. English Limebags

5 . 19 . 6

Deals ⅔ Ps. Ash Plank, wheel barrows

1 . 19 -

£ 10 . 9 . 11

New Church Dr. for the following Stores Issued

from the 1 January to the 31st March 1773

Deals viz.

7 Cuffers

1 . 3 . 3

2 Elm Boards

8 . 2

6 Deals Bought

17 . 3

10 Ps. Oak Plank

24 . 11 . 8

27 . . 4

Lines 60 No. 4

1 . 2 . 5

Nails viz.

lb 13 3

9 . 9

19 4

11 . 5½

24 6

13 -

14 10

6 . 5

4 20

1 . 7

6 40

2 . 3

6 Dog

3 . 10½

2 . 8 . 4

Iron Cs. qrs. lb 2 . . . 17

2 . 3 . 4

Oil viz.

4 Gallons Oil bought

1 . 4

3 Do. Train Oil

10 . 1½

1 Do. Linsed Do.

4 . 2½

1 . 18 . 4

Cordage Cs. qrs. lb - . 1 . 9

12 . 4

Pitch & Tar lb 28 Rozin

4 . 8

Carried Over

£ 35 . 9 . 9

The stores charged to the fortifications between 1 January and 31 March 1773 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £2 5s 8d

Blank key for the lime kiln, 1, £0 0s 7½d

Wood axe for the lime kiln, 1, £0 2s 10d

Sail needles for the lime bags, 12, £0 0s 3d

Steel compasses for the masons, 3 pairs, £0 2s 0½d

Ironware, total, £0 5s 9d

English canvas for lime bags, 3 pieces, £5 19s 6d

Ash plank for wheelbarrows, ⅔ piece, £1 19s 0d

Fortifications, total, £10 9s 11d

The stores charged to the new church between 1 January and 31 March 1773 began as follows.

[...], 7, £1 3s 3d

Elm boards, 2, £0 8s 2d

Deals bought locally, 6, £0 17s 3d

Oak plank, 10 pieces, £24 11s 8d

Timber, total, £27 0s 4d

Lines number 4, 60, £1 2s 5d

Threepenny nails, 13 lb, £0 9s 9d

Fourpenny nails, 19 lb, £0 11s 5½d

Sixpenny nails, 24 lb, £0 13s 0d

Tenpenny nails, 14 lb, £0 6s 5d

Twentypenny nails, 4 lb, £0 1s 7d

Fortypenny nails, 6 lb, £0 2s 3d

Dog nails, 6 lb, £0 3s 10½d

Nails, total, £2 8s 4d

Iron, 2 cwt 0 qr 17 lb, £2 3s 4d

Oil bought locally, 4 gallons, £1 4s 0d

Train oil, 3 gallons, £0 10s 1½d

Linseed oil, 1 gallon, £0 4s 2½d

Oil, total, £1 18s 4d

Cordage, 0 cwt 1 qr 9 lb, £0 12s 4d

Rosin, 28 lb, £0 4s 8d

Carried forward, £35 9s 9d

Interpretations

The fortifications drew only £10 9s 11d in the quarter, against £110 9s 6d in the last three months of 1772. The fall shows the end of work on the landing place, which Captain Tippet reported finished on 4 January 1773. Almost all that remained was canvas for the lime bags, since lime was still being burned at Sandy Bay for the church. The church, by contrast, was now drawing heavy timber, with ten pieces of oak plank worth nearly £25 going into its frame and floors.

391

387

1773

Brought Over

£ 35 . 9 . 9

Paint viz.

lb 40 White Lead dry

11 . 8

1 lb Verdegrease

4 . 7

22 lb Chalk

11

17 . 2

Iron Ware viz.

1 Padlock

1 . 4½

4 Two feet Rules

4 -

9 Masons Beach Mallets

10 . 1½

36 Inch and Point Tools

2 . 4 . 3

12 Boaster & Broad Do.

1 . 9 . 6

6 Stone Saws

1 . 4

1 Maul

9 . 10

12 Ash Helves

7 -

6 Bricklayers Trowels

19 -

7 . 9 . 1

Masts 8 Spars

28 . 1 -

71 . 17 -

Errors Excepted

(signed)

Jonathan Doveton

Store keeper.

The stores charged to the new church between 1 January and 31 March 1773 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £35 9s 9d

Dry white lead, 40 lb, £0 11s 8d

Verdigris, 1 lb, £0 4s 7d

Chalk, 22 lb, £0 0s 11d

Paint, total, £0 17s 2d

Padlock, 1, £0 1s 4½d

Two-foot rules, 4, £0 4s 0d

Masons' brick mallets, 9, £0 10s 1½d

Inch and point tools, 36, £2 4s 3d

Boasters and broad tools, 12, £1 9s 6d

Stone saws, 6, £1 4s 0d

Maul, 1, £0 9s 10d

Ash helves, 12, £0 7s 0d

Bricklayers' trowels, 6, £0 19s 0d

Ironware, total, £7 9s 1d

Spars, 8, £28 1s 0d

New church, total, £71 17s 0d

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper, reserving any errors it might contain.

Interpretations

The masons' tools issued to the church show that the work had moved from clearing the site to dressing and laying stone. The 36 inch and point tools and 12 boasters were chisels for cutting and finishing stone faces. The six stone saws were for cutting blocks to size. The tools came from the warehouse stock left over after the landing place was finished. The eight spars, at £28 1s 0d, made up almost two fifths of the church's charge for the quarter. Ship's spars were once again the only timbers long enough for the roof beams of a large building.

392

388

19th April

List of the Honorable Company's Officers and Servants

upon the Island of St. Helena with their several Salary's, Diet

Money &c. for the Quarter Ending the 31st March 1773

John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

150

Do. Allowance for Servants

31 . 14 . 9

181 . 14 . 9

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Governor

62 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

25 - . -

87 . 10

Matthew Parling Esqr. of Council

50 - . -

Do. Diet Money

15 - . -

Do. Gratuity

15 - . -

80 - . -

Matthew Bazett Esqr. of Council

10 - . -

Do. Accountant

27 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

15 - . -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

55 - . -

William Bearcroft Chaplain

40 - . -

Do. Diet Money

15 - . -

55 - . -

William Wrangham Paymaster

27 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

15 - . -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

Do. Assist. to the Governor

10 - . -

55 - . -

Jonathan Doveton Storekeeper

27 . 10

Do. Diet Money

15 - . -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

45 - . -

Brit. Knipe Secretary

27 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

15 - . -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

45 - . -

James Tippet Engineer

50 -

Do. Diet Money

2 . 10 -

52 . 10 -

Carried Over

£ 656 . 14 . 9

The salaries, diet money and allowances paid to the Company's officers and servants at St Helena for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 began as follows.

John Skottowe, Governor, salary, £150 0s 0d

John Skottowe, allowance for servants, £31 14s 9d

John Skottowe, total, £181 14s 9d

Daniel Corneille, Lieutenant Governor, salary, £62 10s 0d

Daniel Corneille, diet money, £25 0s 0d

Daniel Corneille, total, £87 10s 0d

Matthew Purling, member of Council, salary, £50 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, gratuity, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Purling, total, £80 0s 0d

Matthew Bazett, member of Council, salary, £10 0s 0d

Matthew Bazett, salary as accountant, £27 10s 0d

Matthew Bazett, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Matthew Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Matthew Bazett, total, £55 0s 0d

William Bencroft, chaplain, salary, £40 0s 0d

William Bencroft, diet money, £15 0s 0d

William Bencroft, total, £55 0s 0d

William Wrangham, paymaster, salary, £27 10s 0d

William Wrangham, diet money, £15 0s 0d

William Wrangham, house rent, £2 10s 0d

William Wrangham, salary as assistant to the Governor, £10 0s 0d

William Wrangham, total, £55 0s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, storekeeper, salary, £27 10s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Jonathan Doveton, total, £45 0s 0d

Britannicus Wright, secretary, salary, £27 10s 0d

Britannicus Wright, diet money, £15 0s 0d

Britannicus Wright, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Britannicus Wright, total, £45 0s 0d

James Tippet, engineer, salary, £50 0s 0d

James Tippet, diet money, £2 10s 0d

James Tippet, total, £52 10s 0d

Carried forward, £656 14s 9d

393

389

1773

Brought Over

£ 656 . 14 . 9

John Goodwin Factor

12 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

10 - . -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

Do. Collector of the Customs

12 . 10 -

37 . 10 -

George Bazett Writer

7 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

10 - . -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

Do. Clerk of the Works

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. Assistant Storekeeper

5 - . -

31 . 16 . 10½

James Desfountain Writer

7 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

10 - . -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

20 - . -

William Doveton Writer

7 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

10 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

20 - . -

Robert Leech Writer

7 . 10 -

Do. Diet Money

10 - . -

17 . 10 -

Thomas Strand Surgeon

19 . 15 -

Do. Diet Money

10 - . -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

32 . 5 -

James Farrell Surg. Mate

13 . 15 -

Do. Diet Money

10 - . -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

26 . 5 -

John Congreve Judge Advocate

12 . 10 -

Do. Schoolmaster

7 . 10 -

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

22 . 10 -

Thomas Bazett Superintender

25 -

Philip Mahony Clerk of the Peace

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Carried Over

£ 926 . 6 -

The salaries and allowances paid to the Company's officers and servants for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £656 14s 9d

John Goodwin, factor, salary, £12 10s 0d

John Goodwin, diet money, £10 0s 0d

John Goodwin, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Goodwin, salary as collector of customs, £12 10s 0d

John Goodwin, total, £37 10s 0d

George Bazett, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

George Bazett, diet money, £10 0s 0d

George Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

George Bazett, salary as clerk of the works, £6 16s 10½d

George Bazett, salary as assistant storekeeper, £5 0s 0d

George Bazett, total, £31 16s 10½d

James Desfountain, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

James Desfountain, diet money, £10 0s 0d

James Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d

James Desfountain, total, £20 0s 0d

William Doveton, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

William Doveton, diet money, £10 0s 0d

William Doveton, house rent, £2 10s 0d

William Doveton, total, £20 0s 0d

Robert Leech, writer, salary, £7 10s 0d

Robert Leech, diet money, £10 0s 0d

Robert Leech, total, £17 10s 0d

Thomas Seward, surgeon, salary, £19 15s 0d

Thomas Seward, diet money, £10 0s 0d

Thomas Seward, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Seward, total, £32 5s 0d

James Farrell, surgeon's mate, salary, £13 15s 0d

James Farrell, diet money, £10 0s 0d

James Farrell, house rent, £2 10s 0d

James Farrell, total, £26 5s 0d

John Congreve, judge advocate, salary, £12 10s 0d

John Congreve, salary as schoolmaster, £7 10s 0d

John Congreve, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Congreve, total, £22 10s 0d

Thomas Bazett, superintendent of the works, £25 0s 0d

Philip Mahony, clerk of the peace, salary, £27 7s 6d

Philip Mahony, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Philip Mahony, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Philip Mahony, total, £36 14s 4½d

Carried forward, £926 6s 0d

Interpretations

George Bazett was paid his full salary and allowances for the quarter ending 31 March 1773, including £5 0s 0d as assistant storekeeper. He died on 10 April, only ten days after the quarter closed, so his pay ran to the end of March without any apportionment. Robert Leech was now paid as a writer on the same footing as his colleagues, with a salary of £7 10s 0d and diet money of £10 0s 0d, in place of the single sum of £20 0s 0d he drew in the previous quarter. The change followed the confirmation of his appointment by the Court of Directors, which reached the island in the Royal Captain on 11 April 1773. William Doveton now drew house rent of £2 10s 0d, which he had not received before.

394

390

19 April

Brought Over

£ 926 . 6 -

Solomon St. Maurice

6 . 5 -

Samuel Alexander

7 . 10 -

John Worrall

Overseers

15 - . -

John Robinson Carpenter

25 - . -

Simon Whaley Do. Mate

12 . 10

Edward Daniels Mason

30 - . -

John Preston Do. Mate

20 - . -

John Daniels Do. Apprentice

7 . 10 -

Joseph Seager Armourer

15 - . -

Joseph Griffiths Cooper

15 - . -

Hugh Jones Superintender of the Blacks

10 - . -

James Carmichell Gardener

10 - . -

John Price Marshal & Goaler

7 . 10 -

John Hurst Groom

2 -

John Joyce Clock & Instrumt. Cleaner

1 . 5 -

William French Patron of the Long Boat

7 . 10 -

Thomas Yates Clerk of the Church

5 - . -

John Young Steward

7 . 10 -

Do. for Overseeing ye. Bakg. house

3 - . -

10 . 10 -

The Drum Major for Instructg. the Young Drumrs.

1 - . -

First Company viz.

Daniel Corneille Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Solomon St. Maurice Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

Charles Ross Stewart

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

Do. Adjutant

18 . 5 -

54 . 19 . 4½

William Caldwell Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

William Roberts Ensn. Adjutant

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Carried Over

£ 1356 . 14 . 9

The salaries and allowances paid to the Company's officers and servants for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued with the civil staff, the tradesmen and the officers of the First Company.

Brought forward, £926 6s 0d

Solomon St Maurice, master at arms, £6 5s 0d

Samuel Alexander, gunner, £7 10s 0d

John Worrall, gunner, £15 0s 0d

John Robinson, carpenter, £25 0s 0d

Simon Whaley, carpenter's mate, £12 10s 0d

Edward Daniels, mason, £30 0s 0d

John Preston, mason's mate, £20 0s 0d

John Daniels, mason's apprentice, £7 10s 0d

Joseph Singer, armourer, £15 0s 0d

Joseph Griffiths, cooper, £15 0s 0d

Hugh Jones, superintendent of the slaves, £10 0s 0d

James Carmichael, gardener, £10 0s 0d

John Price, marshal and gaoler, £7 10s 0d

John Hurst, groom, £2 0s 0d

John Joyce, clerk and instrument cleaner, £1 5s 0d

William French, coxswain of the longboat, £7 10s 0d

Thomas Yates, clerk of the church, £5 0s 0d

John Young, steward, salary, £7 10s 0d

John Young, for running the bakehouse, £3 0s 0d

John Young, total, £10 10s 0d

The drum major, for teaching the young drummers, £1 0s 0d

First Company, Daniel Corneille, captain, £59 6s 3d

Solomon St Maurice, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Solomon St Maurice, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Solomon St Maurice, total, £34 4s 4½d

Charles Ross Stewart, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Charles Ross Stewart, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Charles Ross Stewart, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Charles Ross Stewart, salary as adjutant, £18 5s 0d

Charles Ross Stewart, total, £54 19s 4½d

William Caldwell, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

William Caldwell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

William Caldwell, house rent, £2 10s 0d

William Caldwell, total, £36 14s 4½d

William Roberts, town adjutant, salary, £27 7s 6d

William Roberts, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

William Roberts, house rent, £2 10s 0d

William Roberts, total, £36 14s 4½d

Carried forward, £1,356 14s 9d

Interpretations

John Worrall had taken the place of John Pursell as the senior gunner at £15 0s 0d a quarter, and John Hurst had replaced Charles Hazell as groom. Neither change was recorded in the Council's minutes. Appointments to the lower posts of the Company's service were evidently made by the Governor or the officer in charge without formal entry, and only the pay list shows they happened.

395

391

1773

Brought Over

£ 1356 . 14 . 9

Serjeants viz.

Henry Howell

7 . 10 -

John Allman

7 . 10 -

George Seale to 4th January Discharged

6 . 8

Thomas Mears

7 . 10 -

James Mannaton

7 . 10 -

Abraham Snow

7 . 10 -

Andrew Alexander from the 5th January

7 . 3 . 4

45 - . -

Corporals viz.

Andrew Alexander to the 4th January Prefd.

4 . 8

Timothy Walters

5 . 5 -

Thomas Roades

5 . 5 -

Chris. Smith

5 . 5 -

Willm. Hardie

5 . 5 -

John Bull

5 . 5 -

John Potts from 5 Jany.

5 . . 4

31 . 10 -

Drummers Viz.

John Swaits

5 . 5 -

Richd. Playfoot

5 . 5 -

George Hall

5 . 5 -

15 . 15 -

Private Viz.

Richd. Ashton

3 . 15 -

John Atwood

3 . 15 -

George Ansell

3 . 15 -

Moses Biffen

3 . 15 -

Timothy Bryan

3 . 15 -

Emanual Bonner

3 . 15 -

Willm. Benson

3 . 15 -

Richd. Broom

3 . 15 -

Thos. Beswick

3 . 15 -

Mark Balls

3 . 15 -

Joseph Beecham

3 . 15

Stephen Barrett

3 . 15

Joseph Batterham

3 . 15

James Bennett

3 . 15

Private Carried Over

£ 52 . 10

Carried Over

£ 1448 . 19 . 9

The pay of the First Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued with its sergeants, corporals, drummers and the first of its privates.

Brought forward, £1,356 14s 9d

Sergeant Henry Howell, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant John Alman, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant George Seale, to 4 January, discharged, £0 6s 8d

Sergeant Thomas Mears, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant James Bannaton, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant Abraham Jervis, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant Andrew Alexander, from 5 January, £7 3s 4d

Sergeants, total, £45 0s 0d

Corporal Andrew Alexander, to 4 January, promoted, £0 4s 8d

Corporal Timothy Walters, £5 5s 0d

Corporal Thomas Roads, £5 5s 0d

Corporal Christopher Smith, £5 5s 0d

Corporal William Hardy, £5 5s 0d

Corporal John Britt, £5 5s 0d

Corporal John Potts, from 5 January, £5 0s 4d

Corporals, total, £31 10s 0d

Drummer John Twaits, £5 5s 0d

Drummer Richard Halfast, £5 5s 0d

Drummer George Watts, £5 5s 0d

Drummers, total, £15 15s 0d

Richard Ashton, £3 15s 0d

John Alward, £3 15s 0d

George Arnell, £3 15s 0d

Moses Biffen, £3 15s 0d

Timothy Bryon, £3 15s 0d

Emanuel Bonner, £3 15s 0d

William Benson, £3 15s 0d

Richard Brown, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Bewick, £3 15s 0d

Mark Balls, £3 15s 0d

Joseph Buckham, £3 15s 0d

Stephen Burrel, £3 15s 0d

Joseph Bullerham, £3 15s 0d

James Burnet, £3 15s 0d

Privates carried forward, £52 10s 0d

Carried forward, £1,448 19s 9d

Interpretations

The quarter from January to March ran to 90 days, against 92 in each of the two quarters before. Every rank's pay fell accordingly: a private drew £3 15s 0d instead of £3 16s 8d, and a sergeant £7 10s 0d instead of £7 13s 4d. The Company paid by the day, not by the quarter, so a short February cost each soldier two days' wages.

George Seale's discharge took effect on 4 January 1773, the day the Council granted his petition. Andrew Alexander was promoted from corporal to sergeant the next day to fill the vacancy, and John Potts was made corporal in Alexander's place on the same day. A single discharge moved two men up a rank within 24 hours, with each man's pay divided exactly at the change.

396

392

19 April

Brought Over

£ 1448 . 19 . 9

Private Brought Over

£ 52 . 10

Patrick Conner

3 . 15 -

John Charlton

3 . 15 -

Willm. Coppin

3 . 15 -

Anthony Clark

3 . 15 -

Ralph Clavering

3 . 15 -

Wm. Craigs

3 . 15 -

John Cammack

3 . 15 -

Peter Chapman

3 . 15 -

John Davis

3 . 15 -

John Dove

3 . 15 -

James Drake

3 . 15 -

John Desborough

3 . 15 -

Adam Evans

3 . 15 -

John Ellis

3 . 15 -

Willm. French

3 . 15 -

Wm. Fisher

3 . 15 -

Robt. Frost

3 . 15 -

John Feake

3 . 15 -

Stephen Jerns from 18th March

11 . 8

Willm. Greenwood

3 . 15 -

John Grainger

3 . 15 -

John Griffiths

3 . 15 -

John Houston

3 . 15 -

Philip Hayes

3 . 15 -

Thos. Houching

3 . 15 -

Edward Hayes

3 . 15 -

Thos. Hancock

3 . 15 -

Robt. Hyrons

3 . 15 -

John Johnson

3 . 15 -

John Jones

3 . 15 -

Frances Ives

3 . 15 -

Thos. Love

3 . 15 -

Patrick Lynch

3 . 15 -

Michal Leonard

3 . 15 -

Duncan Mc. Laren

3 . 15 -

Willm. Mumford

3 . 15 -

Willm. Mudge

3 . 15 -

Private Carried Over

£ 188 . 1 . 8

Carried Over

£ 1448 . 19 . 9

The pay of the privates of the First Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £1,448 19s 9d

Privates brought forward, £52 10s 0d

Patrick Conner, £3 15s 0d

John Charlton, £3 15s 0d

William Coppen, £3 15s 0d

Anthony Clarke, £3 15s 0d

Ralph Cleaving, £3 15s 0d

William Craigs, £3 15s 0d

John Cammack, £3 15s 0d

Peter Chapman, £3 15s 0d

John Davis, £3 15s 0d

John Dove, £3 15s 0d

James Doake, £3 15s 0d

John Desbrough, £3 15s 0d

Adam Evans, £3 15s 0d

John Ellis, £3 15s 0d

William French, £3 15s 0d

William Fisher, £3 15s 0d

Robert Frost, £3 15s 0d

John Frake, £3 15s 0d

Stephen Jarns, from 18 March, £0 11s 8d

William Greenwood, £3 15s 0d

John Grainger, £3 15s 0d

John Griffiths, £3 15s 0d

John Hunton, £3 15s 0d

Philip Hayes, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Hawking, £3 15s 0d

Edward Hayes, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Hancock, £3 15s 0d

Robert Hyrons, £3 15s 0d

John Johnson, £3 15s 0d

John Jones, £3 15s 0d

Francis Jose, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Love, £3 15s 0d

Patrick Lynch, £3 15s 0d

Michael Leonard, £3 15s 0d

Duncan McLaren, £3 15s 0d

William Mumford, £3 15s 0d

William Mudge, £3 15s 0d

Privates carried forward, £188 1s 8d

Carried forward, £1,448 19s 9d

Interpretations

Stephen Jarns was one of the three men the Council enlisted from the homeward ships on 18 March 1773. He was paid from that day, 14 days at 10d, which shows he was taken onto the roll the moment he signed. The £3 0s 0d he received for necessaries was a separate payment and did not come out of his wages.

397

393

1773

Brought Over

£ 1448 . 19 . 9

Private Brought Over

£ 188 . 1 . 8

John Mc. Allister

3 . 15 -

Willm. Page

3 . 15 -

Charles Potter

3 . 15 -

Richd. Palmer

3 . 15 -

John Potts to 5 January preferd.

3 . 4

Willm. Robinson

3 . 15 -

Thos. Rogers

3 . 15 -

Anthy. Reynolds

3 . 15 -

George Roe

3 . 15 -

Willm. Sealy

3 . 15 -

Joseph Stacy

3 . 15 -

James Snell

3 . 15 -

Willm. Smelt

3 . 15 -

Gregory Sutherwood

3 . 15 -

Thos. Smith

3 . 15 -

Henry Sawen

3 . 15 -

John Santon

3 . 15 -

Thos. Townsend

3 . 15

John Thistlewood to 18 Jany. Dec.

15 -

Willm. Thomas

3 . 15 -

John Taylor

3 . 15

Arthur Upton

3 . 15

Joseph Vallentine to 15 February Disch.

1 . 18 . 4

Benjn. Wise

3 . 15 -

Thos. Windall

3 . 15 -

George Wall

3 . 15 -

Barthw. Welch

3 . 15 -

John Waters

3 . 15 -

Henry Wood

3 . 15 -

Dec. John White

3 . 15 -

John Waterfield

3 . 15 -

Edward Wickenden

3 . 15 -

Willm. Westbury

3 . 15 -

Willm. Warner

3 . 15

Thos. Wallington

3 . 15

Robert Wright

3 . 15

314 . 13 . 4

Carried Over

£ 1763 . 13 . 1

The pay of the privates of the First Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 closed as follows.

Brought forward, £1,448 19s 9d

Privates brought forward, £188 1s 8d

John McAllister, £3 15s 0d

William Page, £3 15s 0d

Charles Pollets, £3 15s 0d

Richard Palmer, £3 15s 0d

John Potts, to 4 January, promoted, £0 3s 4d

William Robinson, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Rogers, £3 15s 0d

Anthony Reynolds, £3 15s 0d

George Roe, £3 15s 0d

William Sowby, £3 15s 0d

Joseph Stacey, £3 15s 0d

James Snell, £3 15s 0d

William Smelt, £3 15s 0d

Gregory Southernwood, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Smith, £3 15s 0d

Henry Sumner, £3 15s 0d

John Saxton, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Townsend, £3 15s 0d

John Thistlewood, to 18 January, died, £0 15s 0d

William Thomas, £3 15s 0d

John Taylor, £3 15s 0d

Arthur Upton, £3 15s 0d

Joseph Valentine, to 15 February, discharged, £1 18s 4d

Benjamin Vix, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Vendall, £3 15s 0d

George Wall, £3 15s 0d

Bartholomew Welch, £3 15s 0d

John Waller, £3 15s 0d

Henry Wood, £3 15s 0d

John White, £3 15s 0d

John Wakefield, £3 15s 0d

Edward Wickenden, £3 15s 0d

William Whitney, £3 15s 0d

William Warner, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Wallington, £3 15s 0d

Robert Wright, £3 15s 0d

Privates, total, £314 13s 4d

Carried forward, £1,763 13s 1d

Interpretations

John Thistlewood's pay stopped on 18 January 1773, the day the Council recorded his death. Joseph Valentine was discharged on 15 February. His discharge does not appear in the Council's minutes, though Sergeant Witherall and Private John Dailey of other companies were discharged on 1 February at the end of their terms. A seaman named Joseph Valentine was mustered aboard the Nottingham, which sailed for England on 1 February. Whether the soldier left in another ship cannot be known from the pay list alone.

398

394

19th April

Brought Over

£ 1763 . 13 . 1

Second Company viz.

Henry Bazett Captain

59 . 6 . 3

James Greentree Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

John Bazett Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

Lach. Leslie Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

Serjeants viz.

Frances Seale

7 . 10 -

Joseph Whaley

7 . 10

Willm. Wills

7 . 10 -

Joseph Mc. Cartney

7 . 10 -

Benjamin Thomas

7 . 10 -

James Elgen Serjeant Major

12 - . -

49 . 10 -

Corporals viz.

Jacob Hiram

5 . 5 -

John Stevens

5 . 5 -

Samuel Warren

5 . 5 -

Augustn. Hitchcock

5 . 5 -

Willm. Carter

5 . 5 -

Thomas Hart

5 . 5 -

31 . 10 -

Drummers

Benjamin Seale

5 . 5 -

John Wyatt

5 . 5 -

10 . 10

Private viz.

Timothy Atherton

3 . 15 -

Willm. Brooks

3 . 15 -

Daniel Bye

3 . 15 -

Henry Batchelor

3 . 15 -

Private Carried Over

£ 15 - . -

Carried Over

£ 2017 . 2 . 3½

The pay of the Second Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 began as follows.

Brought forward, £1,763 13s 1d

Second Company, Henry Bazett, captain, £59 6s 3d

James Greentree, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

James Greentree, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

James Greentree, total, £34 4s 4½d

John Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

John Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

John Bazett, total, £34 4s 4½d

Lauchlan Leslie, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Lauchlan Leslie, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Lauchlan Leslie, total, £34 4s 4½d

Sergeant Francis Seale, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant Joseph Whaley, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant William Mills, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant Joseph McCartney, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant Benjamin Thomas, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant James Elgin, sergeant major, £12 0s 0d

Sergeants, total, £49 10s 0d

Corporal Jacob Hyam, £5 5s 0d

Corporal John Shears, £5 5s 0d

Corporal Samuel Warner, £5 5s 0d

Corporal Augustine Hitchcock, £5 5s 0d

Corporal William Carter, £5 5s 0d

Corporal Thomas Hart, £5 5s 0d

Corporals, total, £31 10s 0d

Drummer Benjamin Seale, £5 5s 0d

Drummer John Pyatt, £5 5s 0d

Drummers, total, £10 10s 0d

Timothy Atherton, £3 15s 0d

William Beecher, £3 15s 0d

Daniel Bye, £3 15s 0d

Henry Batchelor, £3 15s 0d

Privates carried forward, £15 0s 0d

Carried forward, £2,017 2s 5½d

Interpretations

The three lieutenants of the Second Company drew no house rent this quarter, though each had received £2 10s 0d in the last three months of 1772. The completion of the officers' new barracks, which Captain Tippet reported finished on 4 January 1773, explains the change. Once quarters were provided at the Company's charge, the cash allowance for renting a house in the town stopped. The new building therefore saved the Company a recurring charge as well as housing the officers.

399

395

1773

Brought Over

£ 2017 . 2 . 5½

Private Brought Over

£ 15 -

John Blavin

3 . 15 -

James Beard

3 . 15 -

Charles Brower

3 . 15 -

John Cunningham

3 . 15 -

John Coffee

3 . 15

Fening Clamp

3 . 15 -

Thos. Chanckley

3 . 15 -

Willm. Drennan

3 . 15 -

Willm. Daniels

3 . 15 -

Daniel Duce

3 . 15 -

Peter Ellam

3 . 15 -

David Evans

3 . 15 -

James Every

3 . 15 -

John Eames

3 . 15 -

Jonah Edwards

3 . 15 -

John Forbes

3 . 15 -

Willm. Fullwood

3 . 15 -

John Fellows

3 . 15 -

John Goodsole

3 . 15 -

John Gray

3 . 15 -

Robert Green

3 . 15 -

Phillip Gleeson

3 . 15 -

David Grant

3 . 15 -

Thos. Griffiths

3 . 15 -

Robt. Richmond Grosvenor

3 . 15 -

Josiah Gentlemen

3 . 15 -

Samuel Hiles

3 . 15 -

John Holbrooke

3 . 15 -

James Hudson

3 . 15 -

John Ham

3 . 15 -

Robt. Hardee

3 . 15 -

John Haynes

3 . 15 -

Thos. Harrison

3 . 15 -

Charles Holloway

3 . 15 -

George Hatch

3 . 15 -

Edward Hughes

3 . 15 -

James Hubbard

3 . 15 -

Private Carried Over

£ 153 . 15

Carried Over

£ 2017 . 2 . 5½

The pay of the privates of the Second Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £2,017 2s 5½d

Privates brought forward, £15 0s 0d

John Blevin, £3 15s 0d

James Beard, £3 15s 0d

Charles Browne, £3 15s 0d

John Cunningham, £3 15s 0d

John Coffin, £3 15s 0d

Henry Clamp, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Chankley, £3 15s 0d

William Drennan, £3 15s 0d

William Daniels, £3 15s 0d

Daniel Duce, £3 15s 0d

Peter Ellam, £3 15s 0d

David Evans, £3 15s 0d

James Emery, £3 15s 0d

John Eames, £3 15s 0d

Jonah Edwards, £3 15s 0d

John Forbes, £3 15s 0d

William Fulwood, £3 15s 0d

John Fellows, £3 15s 0d

John Goodsole, £3 15s 0d

John Gray, £3 15s 0d

Robert Green, £3 15s 0d

Philip Gleeson, £3 15s 0d

David Grant, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Griffiths, £3 15s 0d

Robert Richmond Grosvenor, £3 15s 0d

Josiah Gentleman, £3 15s 0d

Samuel Hales, £3 15s 0d

John Holbrook, £3 15s 0d

James Hudson, £3 15s 0d

John Ham, £3 15s 0d

Robert Hardes, £3 15s 0d

John Hayes, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Harrison, £3 15s 0d

Charles Holloway, £3 15s 0d

George Hatch, £3 15s 0d

Edward Hughes, £3 15s 0d

James Hubbert, £3 15s 0d

Privates carried forward, £153 15s 0d

Carried forward, £2,017 2s 5½d

400

396

19 April

Brought Over

£ 2017 . 2 . 5½

Private Brought Over

£ 153 . 15

John Hargate

3 . 15 -

Willm. Hindon

3 . 15 -

Samuel Instone

3 . 15

John James

3 . 15 -

Willm. Johnson

3 . 15 -

John Jacobs

3 . 15 -

John Jones

3 . 15 -

Richard Jorram

3 . 15 -

Willm. Jones

3 . 15 -

Saml. Hobson

3 . 15 -

Henry Kirkham

3 . 15 -

John King

3 . 15 -

Willm. Kingscott

3 . 15 -

Thos. Little

3 . 15

Thos. Lee

3 . 15 -

John Morris

3 . 15 -

John Mc. Cullin

3 . 15 -

Thos. Morgan

3 . 15 -

Frances Mears

3 . 15 -

Peter Mahan

3 . 15 -

Joseph Miller

3 . 15 -

Thos. Mentle

3 . 15 -

Reeves Osborne

3 . 15 -

Jacob Peters

3 . 15 -

Thos. Palmer

3 . 15 -

Thos. Pearce

3 . 15 -

Richd. Page

3 . 15 -

Willm. Paddon

3 . 15 -

Joseph Peel

3 . 15 -

John Phillips

3 . 15 -

John Roberts

3 . 15 -

Quin Rawson

3 . 15 -

Jno. Chris. Riffe

3 . 15 -

Fredk. Sheffer

3 . 15 -

[...] John Salsbury

3 . 15 -

James Stone

3 . 15 -

Mark Trueman

3 . 15

Private Carried Over

£ 292 . 10

Carried Over

£ 2017 . 2 . 5½

The pay of the privates of the Second Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £2,017 2s 5½d

Privates brought forward, £153 15s 0d

John Hargate, £3 15s 0d

William Hendson, £3 15s 0d

Samuel Jestone, £3 15s 0d

John James, £3 15s 0d

William Johnson, £3 15s 0d

John Jacobs, £3 15s 0d

John Jones, £3 15s 0d

Richard Jordan, £3 15s 0d

William Jones, £3 15s 0d

Samuel Hickory, £3 15s 0d

Henry Kirkham, £3 15s 0d

John King, £3 15s 0d

William Kingscott, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Little, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Lee, £3 15s 0d

John Mares, £3 15s 0d

John McCullen, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Morgan, £3 15s 0d

Francis Meers, £3 15s 0d

Peter Mahon, £3 15s 0d

Joseph Miller, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Moule, £3 15s 0d

Rufus Osborne, £3 15s 0d

Jacob Peters, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Palmer, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Penna, £3 15s 0d

Richard Page, £3 15s 0d

William Paddon, £3 15s 0d

Joseph Peel, £3 15s 0d

John Phillips, £3 15s 0d

John Roberts, £3 15s 0d

Owen Roscoe, £3 15s 0d

John Christian Muffe, £3 15s 0d

Frederick Shaffer, £3 15s 0d

John Salisbury, £3 15s 0d

James Stone, £3 15s 0d

Mark Truman, £3 15s 0d

Privates carried forward, £292 10s 0d

Carried forward, £2,017 2s 5½d

Interpretations

Frederick Shaffer of the Second Company was the private who went with Matross Patrick Eddrington to Lieutenant Leslie's rooms on 31 March 1773. He gave evidence on oath against Lieutenant Powell before the Council on 2 April. William Kingscott drew a full quarter's pay before the Council allowed him, on 5 April, to leave the garrison on finding Thomas Matthews to serve out his term.

401

397

1773

Brought Over

£ 2017 . 2 . 5½

Private Brought Over

£ 292 . 10

John Vaughan

3 . 15 -

Francis Venable

3 . 15 -

Richd. White

3 . 15 -

John Walters

3 . 15 -

Willm. Warren

3 . 15 -

James Challis to 6 January Deceased

5 -

John Dailey to 1st Feby. Discharged

1 . 6 . 8

John Clark to 15 Do. Do.

1 . 19 . 4

Henry Yates from 18 March

11 . 8

315 . 6 . 8

Third Company viz.

Richard Beale Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Thos. Bazett Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Thomas Statham Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Richd. Mason Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. House Mason

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

Serjeants Viz.

Willm. Clifton

7 . 10 -

James Goudy

7 . 10 -

David Scott

7 . 10 -

Thos. Hughes

7 . 10 -

Thos. Blake

7 . 10 -

John Bower

7 . 10 -

45 - . -

Corporals Viz.

James York

5 . 5 -

John Merrill

5 . 5

James White

5 . 5

Thomas Ford

5 . 5

George Short

5 . 5

Joseph Dailey

5 . 5

31 . 10

Carried Over

£ 2575 . 10 . 6

The pay of the privates of the Second Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 closed with the following men, and the list then turned to the Third Company.

Brought forward, £2,017 2s 5½d

Privates brought forward, £292 10s 0d

John Vaughan, £3 15s 0d

Francis Venables, £3 15s 0d

Richard White, £3 15s 0d

John Waters, £3 15s 0d

William Warren, £3 15s 0d

James Challis, to 6 January, died, £0 5s 0d

John Dailey, to 1 February, discharged, £1 6s 8d

John Clark, to 15 February, discharged, £1 18s 4d

Henry Yates, from 18 March, £0 11s 8d

Privates, total, £315 6s 8d

Third Company, Richard Beale, captain, £59 6s 3d

Thomas Bazett, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Bazett, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Bazett, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Bazett, total, £36 14s 4½d

Thomas Statham, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Statham, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Statham, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Thomas Statham, total, £36 14s 4½d

Richard Mason, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Richard Mason, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Richard Mason, total, £34 4s 4½d

Sergeant William Clifton, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant James Goudy, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant David Scott, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant Thomas Hughes, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant Thomas Blake, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant John Power, £7 10s 0d

Sergeants, total, £45 0s 0d

Corporal James York, £5 5s 0d

Corporal John Morrells, £5 5s 0d

Corporal James White, £5 5s 0d

Corporal Thomas Ford, £5 5s 0d

Corporal George Short, £5 5s 0d

Corporal Joseph Dailey, £5 5s 0d

Corporals, total, £31 10s 0d

Carried forward, £2,575 10s 6d

Interpretations

The house rent allowance was not withdrawn from every officer when the new barracks opened. Thomas Bazett and Thomas Statham of the Third Company still drew £2 10s 0d each, while Richard Mason in the same company and all three lieutenants of the Second Company drew none. The allowance evidently stopped only for the officers who had been given rooms in the new building, and continued for those who still lived in hired houses in the town. Each officer's pay therefore depended on where he was quartered, not on his rank.

James Challis's pay ran to 6 January 1773, the day the Council recorded his death. John Dailey's ran to 1 February, the day the Council granted his discharge at the end of his term. Henry Yates was one of the three men enlisted from the homeward ships on 18 March, and he was paid from that day.

402

398

19 April

Brought Over

£ 2575 . 10 . 6

Drummers

John Martin

5 . 5 -

Willm. Venn

5 . 5 -

10 . 10 -

Private Viz.

James Anderson

3 . 15 -

John Arden

3 . 15 -

Jeremiah Abbert

3 . 15 -

James Anderson

3 . 15 -

Jacob Bull

3 . 15 -

John Blinkorn

3 . 15 -

Fredk. Wm. Beard

3 . 15 -

James Brown

3 . 15 -

Robt. Buff

3 . 15 -

Joseph Barber

3 . 15 -

Willm. Bailey

3 . 15 -

Thos. Beale

3 . 15 -

John Barber

3 . 15 -

Willm. Bridgeford

3 . 15 -

Thos. Barnes

3 . 15 -

John Cook

3 . 15 -

Philip Cook to 15 Feby. discharged

1 . 18 . 4

Robert Courts

3 . 15 -

Benjamin Courtney

3 . 15 -

George Charett

3 . 15 -

James Curtis

3 . 15 -

Maurice Downey

3 . 15 -

Robert Downs

3 . 15 -

Thos. Derry

3 . 15 -

Peter Ditty

3 . 15 -

George Dadd

3 . 15 -

Willm. Edwards

3 . 15 -

Charles Edgils

3 . 15 -

Thos. Ellicott

3 . 15 -

John Ferguson

3 . 15 -

Charles Frazier

3 . 15 -

Owen Griffiths

3 . 15 -

Private Carried Over

£ 118 . 3 . 4

Carried Over

£ 2586 . 0 . 6

The pay of the Third Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued with its drummers and the first of its privates.

Brought forward, £2,575 10s 6d

Drummer John Martin, £5 5s 0d

Drummer William Hern, £5 5s 0d

Drummers, total, £10 10s 0d

James Anderson the elder, £3 15s 0d

John Aston, £3 15s 0d

Jeremiah Albert, £3 15s 0d

James Anderson the younger, £3 15s 0d

Jacob Brill, £3 15s 0d

John Blackmore, £3 15s 0d

Frederick William Beard, £3 15s 0d

James Brown, £3 15s 0d

Robert Bruff, £3 15s 0d

Joseph Barber, £3 15s 0d

William Bailey, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Beale, £3 15s 0d

John Barber, £3 15s 0d

William Bridgford, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Barnes, £3 15s 0d

John Cook, £3 15s 0d

Philip Cooke, to 15 February, discharged, £1 18s 4d

Robert Comb, £3 15s 0d

Benjamin Courtney, £3 15s 0d

George Chanell, £3 15s 0d

James Carles, £3 15s 0d

Maurice Downey, £3 15s 0d

Robert Downes, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Derry, £3 15s 0d

Peter Dilly, £3 15s 0d

George Dodd, £3 15s 0d

William Edmonds, £3 15s 0d

Charles Egells, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Elliot, £3 15s 0d

John Ferguson, £3 15s 0d

Charles Frazer, £3 15s 0d

Owen Griffiths, £3 15s 0d

Privates carried forward, £118 3s 4d

Carried forward, £2,586 0s 6d

Interpretations

Philip Cooke of the Third Company and John Clark of the Second were both discharged on 15 February 1773, the day after the snow Lapwing arrived from Bengal and the day before she sailed for England. The two men were probably sent home in her. Joseph Valentine of the First Company was also struck off on 15 February. None of their discharges was recorded in the Council's minutes, which suggests the Governor released men in this way on his own authority when a ship was ready to carry them.

403

399

1773

Brought Over

£ 2586 . 8 . 6

Private Brought Over

£ 118 . 3 . 4

Robert Green

3 . 15 -

Felix Hyder

3 . 15 -

Willm. Hopkins

3 . 15 -

Joseph Holloway

3 . 15 -

Peter Higgins

3 . 15 -

Edward Hassell

3 . 15 -

Saml. Harsant

3 . 15 -

John Howe

3 . 15 -

Willm. Hambleton

3 . 15 -

Thomas Hayes

3 . 15 -

Saml. Johnson

3 . 15

John Jacks

3 . 15 -

Wm. Jamison

3 . 15 -

Joseph Jones

3 . 15 -

Wm. Johnson

3 . 15 -

James Kemp

3 . 15

John Lane

3 . 15 -

Edward Lamburn

3 . 15 -

Richd. Moyce

3 . 15

Thos. Morris

3 . 15 -

Abraham Major

3 . 15 -

Joseph Martin

3 . 15

Thos. Matthews

3 . 15 -

Charles Morris

3 . 15 -

Abraham Miller

3 . 15

Thos. Nash to 15 Feby.

1 . 18 . 4

Thos. Owens

3 . 15 -

Thos. Perry

3 . 15 -

Willm. Perkiss

3 . 15 -

Richd. Penny

3 . 15 -

Wm. Powell

3 . 15 -

David Patton

3 . 15 -

Henry Richardson

3 . 15

Adam Scott

3 . 15

Arthur Snell

3 . 15

Richd. Slaughter

3 . 15

Richd. Slight

3 . 15

Private Carried Over

£ 255 . 1 . 8

Carried Over

£ 2586 . 8 . 6

The pay of the privates of the Third Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £2,586 0s 6d

Privates brought forward, £118 3s 4d

Robert Green, £3 15s 0d

Felix Hyder, £3 15s 0d

William Hopkins, £3 15s 0d

Joseph Holloway, £3 15s 0d

Peter Higgins, £3 15s 0d

Edward Hazell, £3 15s 0d

Samuel Harsant, £3 15s 0d

John Howe, £3 15s 0d

William Hamilton, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Hayes, £3 15s 0d

Samuel Johnson, £3 15s 0d

John Jacks, £3 15s 0d

William Jameson, £3 15s 0d

Joseph Jones, £3 15s 0d

William Johnson, £3 15s 0d

James Kemp, £3 15s 0d

John Lane, £3 15s 0d

Edward Lambourn, £3 15s 0d

Richard Major, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Morris, £3 15s 0d

Abraham Major, £3 15s 0d

Joseph Martin, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Matthews, £3 15s 0d

Charles Morris, £3 15s 0d

Abraham Miller, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Nash, to 15 February, £1 18s 4d

Thomas Owens, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Perry, £3 15s 0d

William Pikes, £3 15s 0d

Richard Penny, £3 15s 0d

William Powell, £3 15s 0d

Daniel Patton, £3 15s 0d

Henry Richardson, £3 15s 0d

Adam Scott, £3 15s 0d

Arthur Stott, £3 15s 0d

Richard Slaughter, £3 15s 0d

Richard Sleight, £3 15s 0d

Privates carried forward, £255 1s 8d

Carried forward, £2,586 0s 6d

Interpretations

Thomas Nash was a fourth soldier whose pay stopped on 15 February 1773, the day before the Lapwing sailed for England. His entry gives no reason, but the date matches the discharges of Joseph Valentine, John Clark and Philip Cooke. The Company probably sent home a small draft of time-expired or unfit men in the snow.

404

400

19th April

Brought Over

£ 2586 . 8 . 6

Private Brought Over

£ 255 . 1 . 8

Stephen Seymore

3 . 15 -

Thos. Smith

3 . 15 -

David Starr

3 . 15 -

Francis Shambier

3 . 15 -

John Thompson

3 . 15 -

Jacob Thompson

3 . 15 -

Thos. Taylor

3 . 15

George Towns

3 . 15 -

John Thompson

3 . 15 -

[...] Richd. Vincent

3 . 15 -

George Varney

3 . 15 -

Thos. Ward

3 . 15

Willm. Waller

3 . 15 -

Hatton Walker

3 . 15 -

Henry Williams

3 . 15 -

James Wood

3 . 15 -

James Willson Entd. 18th March

11 . 8

James Mc. Cally to 15th Feby.

1 . 18 . 4

317 . 11 . 8

Fourth Company Viz.

John Howard Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Saml. Desfountain Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Robert Gurling Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

Richd. Powell Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

Serjeants Viz.

John Deale

7 . 10 -

John Terry

7 . 10 -

Thos. Williams

7 . 10

George Wood

7 . 10 -

Willm. Sharpe

7 . 10 -

Thos. Hylock

7 . 10 -

45 - . -

Carried Over

£ 3113 . 9 . 6½

The pay of the privates of the Third Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 closed with the following men, and the list then turned to the Fourth Company.

Brought forward, £2,586 0s 6d

Privates brought forward, £255 1s 8d

Stephen Seymour, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Smith, £3 15s 0d

David Stone, £3 15s 0d

Francis Shamber, £3 15s 0d

John Thompson the elder, £3 15s 0d

Jacob Thompson, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Taylor, £3 15s 0d

George Towns, £3 15s 0d

John Thompson the younger, £3 15s 0d

Richard Vincent, £3 15s 0d

George Harvey, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Ward, £3 15s 0d

William Warner, £3 15s 0d

Walter Walker, £3 15s 0d

Henry Williams, £3 15s 0d

James Woods, £3 15s 0d

James Willson, enlisted 18 March, £0 11s 8d

James McCarty, to 15 February, £1 18s 4d

Privates, total, £317 11s 8d

Fourth Company, John Howard, captain, £59 6s 3d

Samuel Desfountain, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Samuel Desfountain, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Samuel Desfountain, house rent, £2 10s 0d

Samuel Desfountain, total, £36 14s 4½d

Robert Gurling, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Robert Gurling, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Robert Gurling, total, £34 4s 4½d

Richard Powell, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Richard Powell, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Richard Powell, total, £34 4s 4½d

Sergeant John Seale, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant John Terry, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant Thomas Williams, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant George Wood, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant William Sharp, £7 10s 0d

Sergeant Thomas Haylock, £7 10s 0d

Sergeants, total, £45 0s 0d

Carried forward, £3,113 9s 6½d

Interpretations

James Willson, the deserter from Bengal who gave himself up from the London, was placed in the Third Company and paid from 18 March 1773, the day the Council enlisted him. James McCarty was a fifth soldier struck off on 15 February, the day before the Lapwing sailed.

Lieutenant Richard Powell drew his full pay for the quarter. The Council's sentence of six months without rank or pay ran from 2 April 1773. Its full financial weight would therefore fall in the next two quarters, not in this one.

405

401

1773

Brought Over

£ 3113 . 9 . 6½

Corporals Viz.

George Smith

5 . 5 -

Willm. Taylor

5 . 5 -

James Lloyd

5 . 5 -

George Jarman

5 . 5

John Anderson

5 . 5 -

Thos. Ferris

5 . 5 -

31 . 10 -

Drummers Viz.

James Moyce

5 . 5 -

John Harper

5 . 5 -

10 . 10 -

Private Viz.

John Allen

3 . 15 -

Joseph Blackwell

3 . 15 -

John Bowler

3 . 15 -

Willm. Blackman

3 . 15 -

Thos. Bailey

3 . 15 -

Richd. Bickerstaff

3 . 15 -

Wm. Caleb Baldwin

3 . 15 -

Jacob Benz

3 . 15 -

Jeremh. Butcher

3 . 15 -

John Bates

3 . 15 -

Robert Buckles

3 . 15 -

John Broad

3 . 15 -

Caleb Broadway

3 . 15 -

Willm. Bicknell

3 . 15 -

Willm. Blake

3 . 15 -

Thos. Batchelor to 15th Feby. Discharged

1 . 18 . 4

Willm. Cooksey

3 . 15 -

Richd. Close

3 . 15 -

Josiah Cummings

3 . 15 -

John Clemans

3 . 15 -

John Campion

3 . 15 -

Saml. Clare

3 . 15 -

John Collins

3 . 15

Thos. Dawson

3 . 15

Private Carried Over

£ 88 . 3 . 4

Carried Over

£ 3155 . 9 . 6½

The pay of the Fourth Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued with its corporals, drummers and the first of its privates.

Brought forward, £3,113 9s 6½d

Corporal George Smith, £5 5s 0d

Corporal William Taylor, £5 5s 0d

Corporal James Ford, £5 5s 0d

Corporal George Arman, £5 5s 0d

Corporal John Anderson, £5 5s 0d

Corporal Thomas Fores, £5 5s 0d

Corporals, total, £31 10s 0d

Drummer James Moyse, £5 5s 0d

Drummer John Harper, £5 5s 0d

Drummers, total, £10 10s 0d

John Allen, £3 15s 0d

Joseph Blackwell, £3 15s 0d

John Bowles, £3 15s 0d

William Blackman, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Bailey, £3 15s 0d

Richard Bickerstaff, £3 15s 0d

William Caleb Baldwin, £3 15s 0d

Jacob Bray, £3 15s 0d

Jeremiah Belcher, £3 15s 0d

John Bates, £3 15s 0d

Robert Buckles, £3 15s 0d

John Bread, £3 15s 0d

Caleb Broadway, £3 15s 0d

William Bicknell, £3 15s 0d

William Blake, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Batchelor, to 15 February, discharged, £1 18s 4d

William Cooksey, £3 15s 0d

Richard Close, £3 15s 0d

Josiah Cummings, £3 15s 0d

John Climan, £3 15s 0d

John Campion, £3 15s 0d

Samuel Clare, £3 15s 0d

John Collins, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Dawson, £3 15s 0d

Privates carried forward, £88 3s 4d

Carried forward, £3,155 9s 6½d

Interpretations

Thomas Fores, paid above a private's rate in the last quarter of 1772, now held a corporal's place for the whole quarter. He filled the vacancy left by John Stockdall's reduction. Thomas Batchelor was a sixth soldier discharged on 15 February 1773, which brought the men struck off that day to one or more from every infantry company. The pattern points to a single release of men for passage home in the Lapwing.

406

402

19 April

Brought Over

£ 3155 . 9 . 6½

Private Brought Over

£ 88 . 3 . 4

James Dennis

3 . 15

John Deane

3 . 15 -

Charles Field

3 . 15 -

Frances Flinn

3 . 15 -

Hugh Frewen

3 . 15 -

George Green

3 . 15 -

John Gillman

3 . 15 -

Edward German

3 . 15

Robt. Goodfellow

3 . 15 -

Fredk. Gallise

3 . 15

Willm. Goulding

3 . 15

Benjamin Garrard

3 . 15 -

Richd. Groves

3 . 15 -

Edward Groves to 22 March Deceased

3 . 7 . 6

Henry Herenburgh

3 . 15 -

Roger Heydon

3 . 15 -

Henry Hambleton

3 . 15 -

Thos. Hilliard

3 . 15 -

Willm. Hales

3 . 15 -

Chris. Johnson

3 . 15 -

Thos. Johnson

3 . 15 -

John Johnson

3 . 15 -

John Joyce

3 . 15 -

James Jordan

3 . 15 -

John Jones

3 . 15 -

Michael Kenny

3 . 15 -

Thos. Lyne

3 . 15 -

Charles Lewellin

3 . 15 -

Thos. Latham

3 . 15 -

Thos. Mc. Dearman

3 . 15 -

John Moyce

3 . 15 -

John Newton

3 . 15 -

Danl. Partrick

3 . 15

Willm. Parker

3 . 15

Thos. Prichard

3 . 15

John Peake

3 . 15 -

Private Carried Over

£ 222 . 15 . 10

Carried Over

£ 3155 . 9 . 6½

The pay of the privates of the Fourth Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £3,155 9s 6½d

Privates brought forward, £88 3s 4d

James Dennis, £3 15s 0d

John Doane, £3 15s 0d

Charles Field, £3 15s 0d

Francis Flynn, £3 15s 0d

Hugh Fenwen, £3 15s 0d

George Green, £3 15s 0d

John Gilmore, £3 15s 0d

Edward Gorman, £3 15s 0d

Robert Goodfellow, £3 15s 0d

Frederick Gallien, £3 15s 0d

William Goulding, £3 15s 0d

Benjamin Jarrard, £3 15s 0d

Richard Groves, £3 15s 0d

Edward Groves, to 22 March, died, £3 7s 6d

Henry Hamburg, £3 15s 0d

Roger Haydon, £3 15s 0d

Henry Hamilton, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Hilliard, £3 15s 0d

William Hales, £3 15s 0d

Christian Johnson, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Johnson, £3 15s 0d

John Johnson, £3 15s 0d

John Joyce, £3 15s 0d

James Jordan, £3 15s 0d

John Jones, £3 15s 0d

Michael Keary, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Lyne, £3 15s 0d

Charles Lewellen, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Latham, £3 15s 0d

Thomas McKeirnan, £3 15s 0d

John Moyce, £3 15s 0d

John Newton, £3 15s 0d

Daniel Patrick, £3 15s 0d

William Parker, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Pritchard, £3 15s 0d

John Pink, £3 15s 0d

Privates carried forward, £222 15s 10d

Carried forward, £3,155 9s 6½d

Interpretations

Edward Groves was paid for 81 days, up to 22 March 1773, the day the Council recorded his death. Two men of the same surname, Richard and Edward Groves, served together in the Fourth Company. They were perhaps brothers who enlisted together, a common pattern among recruits drawn from the same English parish.

407

403

1773

Brought Over

£ 3155 . 9 . 6½

Private Brought Over

£ 222 . 15 . 10

John Price

3 . 15 -

Willm. Powell

3 . 15 -

Willm. Parkinson

3 . 15 -

Richd. Pearce

3 . 15 -

James Richardson

3 . 15 -

Willm. Scottman

3 . 15 -

Willm. Stedman

3 . 15 -

James Sex

3 . 15 -

Charles Smith

3 . 15 -

Thos. Smith

3 . 15 -

Thos. Stevens

3 . 15 -

John Stockdill

3 . 15 -

John Turner

3 . 15 -

Willm. Tucker

3 . 15 -

Stephen Vanderhost

3 . 15 -

[...] Willm. Waite

3 . 15 -

Thos. Watts

3 . 15

Saml. Willson

3 . 15

John Wood

3 . 15

Peter White

3 . 15

John Windall

3 . 15

John Wilkinson

3 . 15

Robt. Woody

3 . 15

Robt. May

3 . 15

312 . 15 . 10

Artillery Company Viz.

James Tippet Captain

59 . 6 . 3

Thos. Leech Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

John Shirley Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

Do. House Rent

2 . 10 -

36 . 14 . 4½

Robt. Gibson Lieut.

27 . 7 . 6

Do. Diet Money

6 . 16 . 10½

34 . 4 . 4½

3632 . 14 . 9

The pay of the privates of the Fourth Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 closed with the following men, and the list then turned to the officers of the Artillery Company.

Brought forward, £3,155 9s 6½d

Privates brought forward, £222 15s 10d

John Plane, £3 15s 0d

William Powell, £3 15s 0d

William Parkinson, £3 15s 0d

Richard Pearce, £3 15s 0d

James Richardson, £3 15s 0d

William Sedgman, £3 15s 0d

William Stedman, £3 15s 0d

James Fox, £3 15s 0d

Charles Smith, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Smith, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Stevens, £3 15s 0d

John Stockdall, £3 15s 0d

John Turner, £3 15s 0d

William Tucker, £3 15s 0d

Stephen Vanderhorst, £3 15s 0d

William White, £3 15s 0d

Thomas Watts, £3 15s 0d

Samuel Wilson, £3 15s 0d

John Wood, £3 15s 0d

Peter White, £3 15s 0d

John Wendall, £3 15s 0d

John Wilkinson, £3 15s 0d

Robert Worthy, £3 15s 0d

Robert May, £3 15s 0d

Privates, total, £312 15s 10d

Artillery Company, James Tippet, captain, £59 6s 3d

Thomas Leech, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Thomas Leech, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Thomas Leech, total, £34 4s 4½d

John Shirley, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

John Shirley, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

John Shirley, house rent, £2 10s 0d

John Shirley, total, £36 14s 4½d

Robert Gillam, lieutenant, salary, £27 7s 6d

Robert Gillam, diet money, £6 16s 10½d

Robert Gillam, total, £34 4s 4½d

Carried forward, £3,632 14s 9d

Interpretations

John Stockdall, reduced from corporal in the last quarter of 1772, now served the whole quarter as a private at 10d a day. In the artillery, Thomas Leech and Robert Gillam had lost their house rent, while John Shirley kept his. This is the same pattern seen in the infantry companies. It confirms that the allowance stopped only for officers who had moved into the new barracks.

408

404

19 April

Brought Over

£ 3632 . 14 . 9

Serjeants Viz.

John Whitchurch

9 - . -

John Turner

9 - . -

James Parfitt

9 - . -

Thos. Jones

9 - . -

Sedgk. Wetherall to the 1st Feby. Dischd.

3 . 4 -

Benjn. Holmes

9 - . -

Saml. Ringrose from 2d. Feby.

5 . 16 -

54 - . -

Corporals Viz.

Saml. Ringrose to 1 Feby. preferd.

2 . 8 -

James Walter to 15 Feby. Disch.

3 . 9 -

Willm. Pent

6 . 15 -

Willm. Crabb

6 . 15 -

John Fox

6 . 15 -

Willm. Stapleford

6 . 15 -

John Smith from 2d. Feby.

4 . 7 -

Thos. Yates from 16 Do.

3 . 6 -

40 . 10 -

Bombadiers Viz.

John Smith to the 1st Feby. preferd.

2 . 8

Thos. Yates to the 15th Do. Do.

3 . 9 -

Philip Connaway

6 . 15 -

Willm. Rankin to 25 Jany. reduced

1 . 17 . 6

John Towers from 26 Jany.

4 . 17 . 6

Charles Abraham from 2 Feby. red. 15 Feby.

1 . 1 -

Thos. Price from 16 Feby.

3 . 6 -

John Wright Do. 16 Do.

3 . 6 -

27 - . -

Gunners Viz.

Willm. Rankin from 26 Jany.

4 . 6 . 8

Charles Abraham to 1 Feby.

2 . 2 . 8

Thos. Price to 15 Feby.

3 . 1 . 4

John Wright to 15 Do.

3 . 1 . 4

John Towers to 25 Jany. Preferd.

1 . 13 . 4

Matthew Charlton

6 - . -

Thos. Wade

6 - . -

Gunners Carried Over

£ 26 . 5 . 4

Carried Over

£ 3754 . 4 . 9

The pay of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued with its sergeants, corporals, bombardiers and the first of its gunners.

Brought forward, £3,632 14s 9d

Sergeant John Whitchurch, £9 0s 0d

Sergeant John Turner, £9 0s 0d

Sergeant James Parfit, £9 0s 0d

Sergeant Thomas Jones, £9 0s 0d

Sergeant Sedgwick Witherall, to 1 February, discharged, £3 4s 0d

Sergeant Benjamin Holmes, £9 0s 0d

Sergeant Samuel Ringrose, from 2 February, £5 16s 0d

Sergeants, total, £54 0s 0d

Corporal Samuel Ringrose, to 1 February, promoted, £2 8s 0d

Corporal James Waller, to 15 February, discharged, £3 9s 0d

Corporal William Peck, £6 15s 0d

Corporal William Crabb, £6 15s 0d

Corporal John Fay, £6 15s 0d

Corporal William Stapleford, £6 15s 0d

Corporal John Smith, from 2 February, £4 7s 0d

Corporal Thomas Yates, from 16 February, £3 6s 0d

Corporals, total, £42 10s 0d

Bombardier John Smith, to 1 February, promoted, £2 8s 0d

Bombardier Thomas Yates, to 15 February, promoted, £3 9s 0d

Bombardier Philip Conway, £6 15s 0d

Bombardier William Rankin, to 25 January, reduced, £1 17s 6d

Bombardier John Towers, from 26 January, £4 17s 6d

Bombardier Charles Abraham, from 2 February to 15 February, £1 1s 0d

Bombardier Thomas Price, from 16 February, £3 6s 0d

Bombardier John Wright, from 16 February, £3 6s 0d

Bombardiers, total, £27 0s 0d

Gunner William Rankin, from 26 January, £4 6s 8d

Gunner Charles Abraham, to 1 February, £2 2s 8d

Gunner Thomas Price, to 15 February, £3 1s 4d

Gunner John Wright, to 15 February, £3 1s 4d

Gunner John Towers, to 25 January, promoted, £1 13s 4d

Gunner Matthew Charlton, £6 0s 0d

Gunner Thomas Wale, £6 0s 0d

Gunners carried forward, £26 5s 4d

Carried forward, £3,754 4s 9d

Interpretations

The two artillery discharges recorded in the Council's minutes each set off a chain of promotions. Sergeant Sedgwick Witherall left on 1 February 1773. The next day Corporal Samuel Ringrose became sergeant, Bombardier John Smith became corporal, and Gunner Charles Abraham became bombardier. Corporal James Waller left on 15 February. The next day Bombardier Thomas Yates became corporal, and Gunners Thomas Price and John Wright became bombardiers. Abraham's spell as bombardier also ended on 15 February, two weeks after it began. Each step raised a man's daily pay at once. The artillery's higher rates gave every gunner a clear reason to hope for a vacancy above him.

On 25 January William Rankin was reduced from bombardier to gunner, and John Towers was made bombardier in his place the following day. In November 1772 a gunner named Towers had complained to the Council that Lieutenant Gurling caned him, and the Council suspended Gurling for it. If this was the same man, his complaint had done him no harm: within three months he was promoted over men who had served without dispute.

409

405

1773

Brought Over

£ 3754 . 4 . 9

Gunners Brought Over

£ 26 . 5 . 4

Thos. Farr

6 - . -

John Love

6 - . -

Thos. Benson

6 - . -

Geo. Street from 2 Feby.

3 . 17 . 4

James Munnings from 16 Feby.

2 . 18 . 8

Nicholas Godfrey Do. 16 Do.

2 . 18 . 8

54 - . -

Drummers Viz.

Alexander Branson

5 . 5 -

Peter Fox

5 . 5 -

Wm. Gipping Fifer

4 . 10 -

15 - . -

Matrosses Viz.

Willm. Allen

4 . 10 -

Thos. Alesworth

4 . 10 -

John Anderson

4 . 10 -

Charles Abraham from 16 Feby.

2 . 4

Benjamin Burton

4 . 10 -

Willm. Blaven

4 . 10 -

Joseph Bowman

4 . 10 -

John Cope

4 . 10 -

Robt. Cunningham

4 . 10

John Coleman

4 . 10 -

Matthew Craven

4 . 10 -

John Corbett

4 . 10 -

Thos. Connell

4 . 10 -

John Clarke

4 . 10 -

James Dunn

4 . 10 -

James Dawson

4 . 10 -

John Dowse

4 . 10 -

John Eastone

4 . 10 -

Partrick Edrington

4 . 10 -

Joseph Fellows

4 . 10 -

Joseph Finlinson

4 . 10

Willm. Faircliff

4 . 10 -

Henry Friendly

4 . 10 -

Matrosses Carried Over

£ 101 . 4

Carried Over

£ 3823 . 4 . 9

Margin Notes:

[...]

The pay of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued with the rest of its gunners, its drummers and fifer, and the first of its matrosses.

Brought forward, £3,754 4s 9d

Gunners brought forward, £26 5s 4d

Gunner Thomas Saw, £6 0s 0d

Gunner John Love, £6 0s 0d

Gunner Thomas Benson, £6 0s 0d

Gunner George Street, from 2 February, £3 17s 4d

Gunner James Mannings, from 16 February, £2 18s 8d

Gunner Nicholas Godfrey, from 16 February, £2 18s 8d

Gunners, total, £54 0s 0d

Drummer Alexander Branston, £5 5s 0d

Drummer Peter Fry, £5 5s 0d

William Gipping, fifer, £4 10s 0d

Drummers and fifer, total, £15 0s 0d

William Allen, £4 10s 0d

Thomas Allworth, £4 10s 0d

John Anderson, £4 10s 0d

Charles Abraham, from 16 February, £2 4s 0d

Benjamin Burton, £4 10s 0d

William Blewin, £4 10s 0d

Joseph Bowman, £4 10s 0d

John Cope, £4 10s 0d

Robert Cunningham, £4 10s 0d

John Coleman, £4 10s 0d

Matthew Craven, £4 10s 0d

John Corbet, £4 10s 0d

Thomas Cornell, £4 10s 0d

John Clark, £4 10s 0d

James Dunn, £4 10s 0d

James Dawson, £4 10s 0d

John Dawn, £4 10s 0d

John Euston, £4 10s 0d

Patrick Eddrington, £4 10s 0d

Joseph Fellows, £4 10s 0d

Joseph Tomlinson, £4 10s 0d

William Fairclough, £4 10s 0d

Henry Farmby, £4 10s 0d

Matrosses carried forward, £101 4s 0d

Carried forward, £3,823 4s 9d

Interpretations

Charles Abraham fell two ranks in a fortnight. He was a gunner until 1 February 1773, a bombardier from 2 to 15 February, and a matross from 16 February. The record gives no reason, but a fall from bombardier straight past gunner to the lowest grade points to an offence rather than a mere lack of vacancy. His pay dropped from 1s 6d to 1s a day. The matrosses George Street, James Mannings and Nicholas Godfrey were raised to gunner in the reshuffle that followed.

Patrick Eddrington drew a full quarter's pay as a matross. He was the man whose complaint against Lieutenant Powell the Council upheld on 2 April 1773.

410

406

19 April

Brought Over

£ 3823 . 4 . 9

Matrosses Brought Over

£ 101 . 4

Christn. Greenawald

4 . 10 -

Thos. Gorrall

4 . 10 -

James Gillmore

4 . 10 -

Thos. Green

4 . 10 -

James Griffiths to 29th Jany. Deceased

1 . 9

Nich. Godfrey to 15 Feby. Pref.

2 . 6

Richd. Gibbs

4 . 10 -

Charles Grierson

4 . 10 -

Owen Howard

4 . 10 -

Alexr. Henderson

4 . 10 -

Fran. Harding

4 . 10 -

Mullis Hooper

4 . 10 -

Wm. Harrison

4 . 10 -

Mayd. Hayes

4 . 10 -

Robt. Harmer

4 . 10 -

Willm. Hurst

4 . 10 -

Willm. Holloway

4 . 10 -

James Judge

4 . 10 -

Matthew Kerwan

4 . 10 -

Geo. Marshall

4 . 10 -

John More

4 . 10

Richd. Morgan

4 . 10 -

John Mann

4 . 10 -

Evins Martin

4 . 10 -

James Munnings to 16 Feby. Pref.

4 . 10 -

James Mackey to 24 March Deceased

2 . 6 -

Wm. Mc. Beth

4 . 3 -

Thos. Nimble

4 . 10 -

Robt. Nichols

4 . 10 -

Willm. Phillips

4 . 10 -

James Peacock

4 . 10 -

John Parker

4 . 10

Richd. Pearce

4 . 10 -

[...] Saml. Packer

4 . 10

Wm. Robinson

4 . 10 -

Matrosses Carried Over

£ 250 . 18

Carried Over

£ 3823 . 4 . 9

The pay of the matrosses of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £3,823 4s 9d

Matrosses brought forward, £101 4s 0d

Christian Gennawald, £4 10s 0d

Thomas Gould, £4 10s 0d

James Gilmore, £4 10s 0d

Thomas Green, £4 10s 0d

James Griffiths, to 29 January, died, £1 9s 0d

Nicholas Godfrey, to 15 February, promoted, £2 6s 0d

Richard Gibbs, £4 10s 0d

Charles Grafton, £4 10s 0d

Owen Howard, £4 10s 0d

Alexander Henderson, £4 10s 0d

Francis Harding, £4 10s 0d

Miles Hooper, £4 10s 0d

William Harrison, £4 10s 0d

Maynard Hayes, £4 10s 0d

Robert Harman, £4 10s 0d

William Hunt, £4 10s 0d

William Holloway, £4 10s 0d

James Judge, £4 10s 0d

Matthew Hannon, £4 10s 0d

George Marshal, £4 10s 0d

John Moore, £4 10s 0d

Richard Morgan, £4 10s 0d

John Mann, £4 10s 0d

Isaac Martin, £4 10s 0d

James Mannings, to 15 February, promoted, £2 6s 0d

William Mackey, to 24 March, died, £4 3s 0d

William McBeth, £4 10s 0d

Thomas Nimble, £4 10s 0d

Robert Nichols, £4 10s 0d

William Phillips, £4 10s 0d

James Peacock, £4 10s 0d

John Parker, £4 10s 0d

Richard Pearce, £4 10s 0d

Samuel Parker, £4 10s 0d

William Robinson, £4 10s 0d

Matrosses carried forward, £250 18s 0d

Carried forward, £3,823 4s 9d

Interpretations

James Griffiths's pay stopped on 29 January 1773 and William Mackey's on 24 March, the dates on which the Council recorded their deaths. Nicholas Godfrey and James Mannings were paid as matrosses only until 15 February, when they were raised to gunner in the promotions that followed Corporal James Waller's discharge.

411

407

1773

Brought Over

£ 3823 . 4 . 9

Matrosses Brought Over

£ 250 . 18 -

Robt. Ryley

4 . 10 -

Charles Russel

4 . 10 -

Abram. Renew

4 . 10 -

Thos. Richardson

4 . 10 -

Andw. Schooner

4 . 10 -

Godfrey Smith

4 . 10 -

John Smith

4 . 10 -

Willm. Smith Senr.

4 . 10 -

Willm. Smith Junr.

4 . 10 -

Willm. Shore

4 . 10 -

John Shoal

4 . 10 -

Thos. Sabrey

4 . 10 -

Michl. Sculley

4 . 10 -

Geo. Street to 1st Feby. Preferment

1 . 12 -

Richd. Waterhouse

4 . 10 -

John Willson

4 . 10 -

Saml. Wood

4 . 10 -

Robt. Wood

4 . 10

John White

4 . 10 -

Willm. Weeden

4 . 10 -

John Wilkinson

4 . 10 -

Edward Ware

4 . 10 -

Jonathan Mallet

4 . 10 -

351 . 10 -

Pensioners Viz.

Nathan Sampsle

13 . 15 . 11

Michael Frost

13 . 15 . 11

Mary Beale

7 . 10 -

Elizabeth Kennedy

7 . 10 -

42 . 11 . 10

£ 4217 . 6 . 7

The pay of the matrosses of the Artillery Company for the quarter ending 31 March 1773 closed with the following men, and the list ended with the island's pensioners.

Brought forward, £3,823 4s 9d

Matrosses brought forward, £250 18s 0d

Robert Riley, £4 10s 0d

Charles Russell, £4 10s 0d

Abraham Renew, £4 10s 0d

Thomas Richardson, £4 10s 0d

Andrew Schooner, £4 10s 0d

Godfrey Smith, £4 10s 0d

John Smith, £4 10s 0d

William Smith the elder, £4 10s 0d

William Smith the younger, £4 10s 0d

William Shaw, £4 10s 0d

John Stowell, £4 10s 0d

Thomas Sabey, £4 10s 0d

Michael Scully, £4 10s 0d

George Street, to 1 February, promoted, £1 12s 0d

Richard Waterhouse, £4 10s 0d

John Wilson, £4 10s 0d

Samuel Wood, £4 10s 0d

Robert Woods, £4 10s 0d

John White, £4 10s 0d

William Weldon, £4 10s 0d

John Wilkinson, £4 10s 0d

Edward Ware, £4 10s 0d

Jonathan Mallet, £4 10s 0d

Matrosses, total, £351 10s 0d

Pensioner Nathan Sampell, £13 15s 11d

Pensioner Michael Frost, £13 15s 11d

Pensioner Mary Beale, £7 10s 0d

Pensioner Elizabeth Kennedy, £7 10s 0d

Pensioners, total, £42 11s 10d

Salaries, pay and pensions, total, £4,217 6s 7d

Interpretations

The pay list for the quarter came to £4,217 6s 7d, against £4,323 7s 5d for the last three months of 1772 and £4,348 4s 7d for the quarter before. Two causes lay behind the fall of about £106. The quarter ran to 90 days instead of 92, which trimmed every soldier's wages. Several officers also lost their house rent once they moved into the new barracks. The many discharges and deaths of January to March reduced the strength of the garrison, while the handful of men enlisted from the ships in March had been paid for only two weeks. The pensions stayed fixed by the quarter rather than by the day, and so were the one item that did not change.

412

408

19th April

Dr. William Wrangham

1773 March 31st To Cash from the Chest

£ 5037 . 10 . ½

Carried Over

£ 5037 . 10 . ½

On 31 March 1773 William Wrangham, the paymaster, was charged in his account with the following sum.

Cash received from the treasury chest, £5,037 10s 0½d

Carried forward, £5,037 10s 0½d

Interpretations

Wrangham drew £5,037 10s 0½d for the quarter, almost exactly the £5,056 19s 5d he drew for the last three months of 1772, even though the pay list fell by about £106. The difference therefore lay in the other disbursements. These rose from £733 12s 0d to about £820 in the busy homeward season, when wages for the church and the repairs in James's Valley, purchases from the ships and the costs of the Company's table all increased.

413

409

1773

Paymaster Cr.

1773 Jany. 18th By Cash paid for the following for the Use of the Castle

2 Tin Sauce pans

£ 6 -

1 Do. Do.

2 . 9

1 Cupboard Lock

2 . 6

2 Bottles Mustard

7 -

18 . 3

By Do. Paid Thos. Strand Surgeon for Necessaries found the

Hospital more than 7 p day from the first of July last

8 . 7 . 6

By Do. paid Ditto for his trouble in providing provisns. for Do.

from Do.

4 - . -

By Do. Paid ditto for Medicines bought from Ships

6 . 3 -

By Do. Paid Capt. Meakes of Ship Nottingham for 16 . 3 Wheat

5 . 17 . 3

By Do. paid Capt. Fortescue for 2 Calves

5 - . -

By Do. Paid the Clerk of Arraingments & Cryer of the

Court of Justice last Do. Sessions

12 . 6

By Do. Paid the Coroner for an Inquest on the Body of

Toby one of the Company's men Slaves Deceased

1 . 5 -

By Do. paid the Fife Major for teaching the Young Fifers

2 . 5 -

By Do. paid James Proctor for Sawing

6 . 15 -

By Do. paid Thos. Hancock for assisting in the Hospital

2 . 10 -

By Do. paid for a Shop for the Doctor the Companys being

pulled down

5 - . -

By Ditto paid Thos. Jordan for Working in the Long Wood

3 . 15 -

By Ditto paid for Repairing the Main Water Course in

James's Valley and making a New Bridge

136 days Stone layers @ 3/

£ 20 . 9 . 6

969¾ Do. Labourers @ 1/6

72 . 14 . 7½

93 . 4 . 1½

By Do. paid Noqueda Pocolum & Massofunge their

allowance for Salt Provisions & House Rent

6 . 11 -

By Cash paid for Labourers Work in receiving Goods from

Ships Nottingham Gatton Havannah London

Osterly & Granby

6 . 16 . 6

By Do. paid the Constable for Rats & Mice destroyed

1 . 9 . 8

Carried Over

£ 160 . 9 . 9½

William Wrangham, the paymaster, took credit in his account for the following payments, the first entered on 18 January 1773.

Tin saucepans for the Castle, 2, £0 6s 0d

Tin saucepan for the Castle, 1, £0 2s 9d

Cupboard lock for the Castle, 1, £0 2s 6d

Mustard for the Castle, 2 bottles, £0 7s 0d

Castle, total, £0 18s 3d

Thomas Seward, surgeon, for necessaries for the hospital costing more than 7½d a day from 1 July 1772, £2 7s 6d

Thomas Seward, for his trouble in providing provisions for the hospital from the same date, £4 0s 0d

Thomas Seward, for medicines bought from ships, £6 3s 0d

Captain Meakes of the Nottingham, for wheat, 16 cwt 3 qr, £5 17s 3d

Captain Fortescue, for calves, 2, £5 0s 0d

The clerk of arraignments and the crier of the court of justice, for the last sessions, £0 12s 6d

The coroner, for an inquest on the body of Toby, one of the Company's slaves, deceased, £1 5s 0d

The fife major, for teaching the young fifers, £2 5s 0d

James Procter, for sawing, £6 15s 0d

Thomas Hancock, for helping in the hospital, £2 10s 0d

A shop for the doctor, the Company's own having been pulled down, £5 0s 0d

Thomas Jordan, for work in the Long Wood, £3 15s 0d

Stone layers repairing the main watercourse in James's Valley and making a new bridge, 136 days at 3s, £20 9s 6d

Labourers on the same, 969¾ days at 1s 6d, £72 14s 7½d

Watercourse and bridge, total, £93 4s 1½d

Noquedah Pocolam and Marsingo, allowance for salt provisions and house rent, £6 11s 0d

Labourers receiving goods from the Nottingham, Gatton, Havannah, London, Osterley and Granby, £6 16s 6d

The constable, for rats and mice destroyed, £1 9s 8d

Carried forward, £160 9s 9½d

Interpretations

The man named Toby, whose suicide the livestock account recorded among the losses of the quarter, was the subject of a coroner's inquest paid for by the Company. A slave's sudden death received the same legal examination as a free person's. This was less a matter of care than of law and property. The coroner had to establish that the death was self-inflicted and not the work of another hand, which would have made it a crime and opened a claim against whoever caused the loss of the Company's property.

The surgeon's payments show how the hospital was funded. The Company allowed a fixed daily rate of 7½d for each patient's diet and necessaries. Thomas Seward was reimbursed for anything spent above it and paid a further £4 0s 0d for the trouble of buying the provisions himself. He also bought medicines from passing ships, since the stock sent out from London could not cover every need between supply voyages.

The new bridge for which nails were issued in the general charges was built as part of the repair to the main watercourse in James's Valley. Stone layers earned 3s a day, twice the rate of the labourers working with them.

414

410

19 April

Dr. William Wrangham

1773 March 31st To Cash Brought Over

£ 4908 . 3

Carried Over

£ 4908 . 3 -

On 31 March 1773 the debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster carried forward the cash he had drawn from the chest, as follows.

Cash brought forward, £4,908 3s 0d

Carried forward, £4,908 3s 0d

415

411

1773

Paymaster Cr.

1773

Brought Over

£ 160 . 9 . 9½

By Cash paid Fredk. Gallice for Baking 169 Batches

Bread for the Garrison

14 . 15 . 9

By Do. paid Edward Daniels his House Rent

5 - . -

By Do. paid the Sexton making Graves for 5 Decd. Soldiers

12 . 6

By Do. paid for the following work at the New Church

297¾ days Masons work @ 1/6

£ 22 . 6 . 7½

232 Do. Carpenters @ 1/6

17 . 8 -

39 Do. Do. @ 1/3

2 . 8 . 9

26 Do. Timber Sawyers 1/6

1 . 19 -

140½ Do. Stone Do. 1/6

10 . 11 . 1½

49½ Do. Overseers 2/

4 . 18 . 6

45 Do. Do. 1/6

3 . 7 . 6

278½ Do. Stone Blowers 1/6

20 . 17 . 9

77 Do. Smiths 1/6

5 . 15 . 6

14¾ Do. Painters 1/6

1 . 2 . 1½

14 Do. Coxswain 1/6

1 . 1 -

2532½ Do. Labourers 1/

126 . 12 . 6

218 . 8 . 4½

By Do. paid for the following work at the Officers Barracks

17 Days Smiths Work @ 1/6

£ 1 . 5 . 6

4 Do. Painters 1/6

6 -

11 Do. Masons 1/6

16 . 6

28 Do. Labourers 1/

1 . 8 -

3 . 16 -

By Do. paid the following Work at the Highways

80 days Stone Blowrs. Work at 1/6

£ 6 - . -

10½ Do. Smiths 1/6

15 . 9

6 . 15 . 9

By Do. paid for the following Work at the Back Run

and Making the New Bridge

76 Days Overseers at 1/6

£ 5 . 14 -

7 Do. Smiths Work 1/6

10 . 6

3½ Do. Carpenters 1/6

5 . 3

2 Do. Timber Sawyers 1/6

3 -

48 Do. Wt. Labourers 1/6

3 . 12 -

10 . 4 . 9

Carried Over

£ 420 . 2 . 11

The paymaster's payments to 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £160 9s 9½d

Frederick Gallien, for baking bread for the garrison, 169 batches, £14 15s 9d

Edward Daniels, house rent, £5 0s 0d

The sexton, for digging graves for 5 dead soldiers, £0 12s 6d

Masons at the new church, 297¼ days at 1s 6d, £22 6s 7½d

Carpenters at the new church, 232 days at 1s 6d, £17 8s 0d

Carpenters at the new church, 39 days at 1s 3d, £2 8s 9d

Timber sawyers at the new church, 26 days at 1s 6d, £1 19s 0d

Stone sawyers at the new church, 140¾ days at 1s 6d, £10 11s 1½d

Overseers at the new church, 49½ days at 2s, £4 18s 6d

Overseers at the new church, 45 days at 1s 6d, £3 7s 6d

Stone blowers at the new church, 278½ days at 1s 6d, £20 17s 9d

Smiths at the new church, 77 days at 1s 6d, £5 15s 6d

Painters at the new church, 14¾ days at 1s 6d, £1 2s 1½d

Coxswain at the new church, 14 days at 1s 6d, £1 1s 0d

Labourers at the new church, 2,532½ days at 1s, £126 12s 6d

New church, total, £218 8s 4½d

Smiths at the officers' barracks, 17 days at 1s 6d, £1 5s 6d

Painters at the officers' barracks, 4 days at 1s 6d, £0 6s 0d

Masons at the officers' barracks, 11 days at 1s 6d, £0 16s 6d

Labourers at the officers' barracks, 28 days at 1s, £1 8s 0d

Officers' barracks, total, £3 16s 0d

Stone blowers on the highways, 80 days at 1s 6d, £6 0s 0d

Smiths on the highways, 10½ days at 1s 6d, £0 15s 9d

Highways, total, £6 15s 9d

Overseers at the Back Run and the new bridge, 76 days at 1s 6d, £5 14s 0d

Smiths at the same, 7 days at 1s 6d, £0 10s 6d

Carpenters at the same, 3½ days at 1s 6d, £0 5s 3d

Timber sawyers at the same, 2 days at 1s 6d, £0 3s 0d

Labourers at the same, 48 days at 1s 6d, £3 12s 0d

Back Run and new bridge, total, £10 4s 9d

Carried forward, £420 2s 11d

Interpretations

The new church now took £218 8s 4½d in wages, against £35 7s 10d in the last three months of 1772. With the landing place and the officers' barracks finished, the whole labour force had moved across to it, as Captain Tippet proposed on 4 January and again on 5 April 1773. More than 2,500 days of labour and nearly 280 days of stone blowing show the site still being cut out of the rock of James's Valley and the walls going up from stone quarried on the spot. The few days still charged to the officers' barracks were finishing work only. The coxswain's 14 days were perhaps spent bringing stone or timber round by boat to the landing nearest the work.

416

412

19 April

Dr. William Wrangham

1773 March 31st To Cash brought Over

£ 4908 . 3 -

Carried Over

£ 4908 . 3 -

The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster again carried the cash he had drawn from the chest forward unchanged on 31 March 1773.

Cash brought forward, £4,908 3s 0d

Carried forward, £4,908 3s 0d

417

413

1773

Paymaster Cr.

1773

Brought Over

£ 420 . 2 . 11

By Cash paid for the following Work in Burning Lime

91 Days Lime Burners @ 1/6

£ 6 . 16 . 6

155 Do. Labourers 1/

7 . 15 -

75 Do. Overseers 1/6

5 . 12 . 6

20 . 4 -

By Do. paid 73½ Days Smiths Cleaning small Arms @ 1/6

5 . 10 . 3

By Do. paid for the following work in the Long Boats

54½ Days Coxswains @ 1/6

£ 4 . 1 . 9

535 Do. Labourers 1/

26 . 15 . 0

30 . 16 . 9

By Do. paid for the following Work in Repairing the

Long Boats

144 Days Labourers Work @ 1/

£ 7 . 4 -

19 Do. Coxswains 1/6

1 . 8 . 6

39 Do. Carpenters 1/6

2 . 18 . 6

9 Do. Smiths 1/6

13 . 6

2 Do. Timber Sawyers 1/6

3 -

12 . 7 . 6

By Do. paid the for the following Work at the Lt. Govrs.

House in the Long Wood

3½ Days Painters Work @ 1/6

£ 4 . 10½

4 Do. Carpenters 1/6

6 -

3 Do. Smiths 1/6

4 . 6

15 . 4½

By Do. paid the following Work in repairing the Crane

1 Day Carpenters Work @ 1/6

£ 1 . 6

2 Do. Timber Sawyers 1/6

3 -

8 Do. Labourers 1/

8 -

12 . 6

By Do. paid for the following Work at the Lt. Governors

House in the Valley & Cleaning a Pond

for Poultry for the Govr. & Lt. Govr.

16 Days Painters Work at 1/6

£ 1 . 4 -

56 Do. Labourers 1/

2 . 16 -

1 Do. Masons 1/6

1 . 6

4 . 1 . 6

Carried Over

£ 494 . 10 . 9½

The paymaster's payments to 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £420 2s 11d

Lime burners, 91 days at 1s 6d, £6 16s 6d

Labourers at the lime kilns, 155 days at 1s, £7 15s 0d

Overseers at the lime kilns, 75 days at 1s 6d, £5 12s 6d

Lime burning, total, £20 4s 0d

Smiths cleaning small arms, 73½ days at 1s 6d, £5 10s 3d

Coxswains working the longboats, 54½ days at 1s 6d, £4 1s 9d

Labourers working the longboats, 535 days at 1s, £26 15s 0d

Longboats, total, £30 16s 9d

Labourers repairing the longboats, 144 days at 1s, £7 4s 0d

Coxswains repairing the longboats, 19 days at 1s 6d, £1 8s 6d

Carpenters repairing the longboats, 39 days at 1s 6d, £2 18s 6d

Smiths repairing the longboats, 9 days at 1s 6d, £0 13s 6d

Timber sawyers repairing the longboats, 2 days at 1s 6d, £0 3s 0d

Longboat repairs, total, £12 7s 6d

Painters at the Lieutenant Governor's house in the Long Wood, 3½ days at 1s 6d, £0 4s 10½d

Carpenters at the same, 4 days at 1s 6d, £0 6s 0d

Smiths at the same, 3 days at 1s 6d, £0 4s 6d

Lieutenant Governor's house in the Long Wood, total, £0 15s 4½d

Carpenters repairing the crane, 1 day at 1s 6d, £0 1s 6d

Timber sawyers repairing the crane, 2 days at 1s 6d, £0 3s 0d

Labourers repairing the crane, 8 days at 1s, £0 8s 0d

Crane, total, £0 12s 6d

Painters at the Lieutenant Governor's house in the Valley and cleaning a poultry pond for the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, 16 days at 1s 6d, £1 4s 0d

Labourers at the same, 56 days at 1s, £2 16s 0d

Masons at the same, 1 day at 1s 6d, £0 1s 6d

Lieutenant Governor's house in the Valley, total, £4 1s 6d

Carried forward, £494 18s 9½d

Interpretations

The longboats needed 535 days of labour to work them in the quarter, and 144 more days for repairs, at a total cost of over £43. No such charge appears in the last three months of 1772. Between January and March twelve Company ships and two Danish ships lay in the roads. Every cask of water, every sheep and every chest of sugar had to be rowed between ship and shore. The paymaster therefore hired extra men by the day to crew the boats through the season, then paid carpenters and smiths to make good the damage the boats suffered in the surf.

418

414

19 April

Dr. William Wrangham

1773 March 31st To Cash brought Over

£ 4908 . 3

Carried Over

£ 4908 . 3 -

William Wrangham's account as paymaster still showed the same cash drawn from the chest on its debit side on 31 March 1773, carried forward without change.

Cash brought forward, £4,908 3s 0d

Carried forward, £4,908 3s 0d

419

415

1773

Paymaster Cr.

1773

Brought Over

£ 494 . 10 . 9½

By Cash paid for the following Work Repairing the

Ridge House

12 Days Masons Work @ 1/6

£ 18 -

22 Do. Overseers 1/6

1 . 13 -

406 Do. Labourers 1/

20 . 6 -

4½ Do. Smiths 1/6

6 . 9

5 Do. Carpenters 1/6

7 . 6

2 Do. Sawyers 1/6

3 -

2 Do. Painters 1/6

3 -

23 . 17 . 6

By Do. paid for the following Work Repairing the

Company's Houses

3 Days Smiths Work @ 1/6

£ 4 . 6

18 Do. Overseers 2/

1 . 16 -

585 Do. Labourers 1/

29 . 5 -

98½ Do. Masons 1/6

7 . 8 . 1½

76 Do. Carpenters 1/6

5 . 14 -

9 Do. Sawyers 1/6

13 . 6

6 Do. Overseers 1/6

9 -

8 Do. Painters 1/6

12 -

46 . 2 . 1½

By Do. Paid for the following Work in the Castle

8 Days Labourers Work @ 1/

£ 8 -

4 Do. Masons 1/6

6 -

15 Do. Painters 1/6

1 . 2 . 6

1 . 16 . 6

By Do. paid 8 Days Smiths work making Utensils

for the Barracks

12 -

By Cash paid 28 Days Labourers work repairing the

Sheers at Sandy Bay @ 1/

1 . 8 -

By Do. paid for the following Work in making a Well

22½ days Stone Blowers at 1/6

£ 1 . 13 . 4

92 Do. Labourers 1/

4 . 12 -

5½ Do. Smiths 1/6

8 . 3

3 Do. Overseers 2/

6 -

6 . 19 . 7

£ 575 . 6 . 6

The paymaster's payments to 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £494 18s 9½d

Masons repairing the Ridge house, 12 days at 1s 6d, £0 18s 0d

Overseers at the same, 22 days at 1s 6d, £1 13s 0d

Labourers at the same, 406 days at 1s, £20 6s 0d

Smiths at the same, 4½ days at 1s 6d, £0 6s 9d

Carpenters at the same, 5 days at 1s 6d, £0 7s 6d

Sawyers at the same, 2 days at 1s 6d, £0 3s 0d

Painters at the same, 2 days at 1s 6d, £0 3s 0d

Ridge house, total, £23 17s 6d

Smiths repairing the Company's houses, 3 days at 1s 6d, £0 4s 6d

Overseers at the same, 18 days at 2s, £1 16s 0d

Labourers at the same, 585 days at 1s, £29 5s 0d

Masons at the same, 98¾ days at 1s 6d, £7 8s 1½d

Carpenters at the same, 76 days at 1s 6d, £5 14s 0d

Sawyers at the same, 9 days at 1s 6d, £0 13s 6d

Overseers at the same, 6 days at 1s 6d, £0 9s 0d

Painters at the same, 8 days at 1s 6d, £0 12s 0d

Company's houses, total, £46 2s 1½d

Labourers at the Castle, 8 days at 1s, £0 8s 0d

Masons at the Castle, 4 days at 1s 6d, £0 6s 0d

Painters at the Castle, 15 days at 1s 6d, £1 2s 6d

Castle, total, £1 16s 6d

Smiths making utensils for the barracks, 8 days, £0 12s 0d

Labourers repairing the sheers at Sandy Bay, 28 days at 1s, £1 8s 0d

Stone blowers making a well, 22¼ days at 1s 6d, £1 13s 4d

Labourers at the same, 92 days at 1s, £4 12s 0d

Smiths at the same, 5½ days at 1s 6d, £0 8s 3d

Overseers at the same, 3 days at 2s, £0 6s 0d

Well, total, £6 19s 7d

Carried forward, £575 14s 6d

Interpretations

The Ridge house was the alarm house on the Ridge that Captain Tippet reported rebuilding in his letter of 5 April 1773. More than 400 days of labour went into it, mostly carrying stone and timber up to the exposed height where it stood. The signal post depended on it for shelter, and the lookouts could not keep watch through the wet southern autumn without a sound roof. The sheers at Sandy Bay were a pair of tall poles lashed together at the top to form a hoist. They were used to lift goods and boats at the landing there, where lime from the Company's kiln was loaded.

420

416

19 April

Dr. William Wrangham

1773 March 31st To Cash Brought Over

£ 4908 . 3 -

Carried Over

£ 4908 . 3 -

The debit side of William Wrangham's account as paymaster carried the same cash forward once more on 31 March 1773.

Cash brought forward, £4,908 3s 0d

Carried forward, £4,908 3s 0d

421

417

1773

Paymaster Cr.

1773

Brought Over

£ 575 . 6 . 6

By Cash paid for the following for the Govr. Table Viz.

11½ Dozn. Fowls

£ 10 . 7 -

21 Ducks

1 . 11 . 6

6 Geese

1 . 10 -

20 Turkeys

5 - . -

38 lb Pork

19 -

544 lb Beef

11 . 6 . 8

14½ lb Veal

7 . 9

37½ Turtle

15 . 9

18 Mutton Hams

3 . 3 -

6 Pigs

1 . 10 -

5 Cheeses

1 . 6 . 9

36 Dozn. Eggs

2 . 14 -

50 lb Onions

1 . 5 -

18 Bottles Fruit

2 . 14 -

2 Bottles Mustard

7 -

2 Do. Florence Oil

5 -

6 Jarrs Mincemeat

2 . 14 -

650 Lemons & 1 Bag Potatoes

18 . 9

48 . 15 -

By Do. paid the Lieut. Governor for Mutton

3 - . -

By Do. paid for 19 Expresses upon Alarms

4 . 15 -

By Do. paid Wm. Carter for Relisting to serve the Honble. Compy.

5 Years as a Soldier subject to the Articles of War

from the 18 Jany. 1773

10 - . -

By Do. paid Saml. Willson for Relisting to serve the Honble.

Compy. 5 Years as a Soldier subject to the Articles

of War from 25th Jany. 1773

10

By Do. paid Anthy. Reynolds for Relisting to serve the

Honble. Compy. 5 Years as a Soldier subject to the

Article's of War from the 22 Feby. 1773

10

By Cash paid the Undermentioned Person, each in consideration

of Which, do bind themselves to serve the Honble. Compy. as

Soldiers for 5 Years subject to the Articles War for the 18 March 1773.

Henry Yates

£ 3

Stephen Jarns

3

James Willson

3

9

Carried Over

£ 670 . 16 . 6

The paymaster's payments to 31 March 1773 continued as follows.

Brought forward, £575 6s 6d

Fowls for the Governor's table, 11½ dozen, £10 7s 0d

Ducks for the Governor's table, 21, £1 11s 6d

Geese for the Governor's table, 6, £1 10s 0d

Turkeys for the Governor's table, 20, £5 0s 0d

Pork for the Governor's table, 38 lb, £0 19s 0d

Beef for the Governor's table, 544 lb, £11 6s 8d

Veal for the Governor's table, 15½ lb, £0 7s 9d

Turtle for the Governor's table, 37¾ lb, £0 15s 9d

Mutton hams for the Governor's table, 18, £3 3s 0d

Pigs for the Governor's table, 6, £1 10s 0d

Cheeses for the Governor's table, 5, £1 6s 9d

Eggs for the Governor's table, 36 dozen, £2 14s 0d

Onions for the Governor's table, 56 lb, £1 5s 0d

Fruit for the Governor's table, 18 bottles, £2 14s 0d

Mustard for the Governor's table, 2 bottles, £0 7s 0d

Florence oil for the Governor's table, 2 bottles, £0 5s 0d

Mincemeat for the Governor's table, 6 jars, £2 14s 0d

Lemons 650 and potatoes 1 bag, for the Governor's table, £0 18s 9d

Governor's table, total, £48 15s 0d

The Lieutenant Governor, for mutton, £3 0s 0d

Messengers sent out on alarms, 19, £4 15s 0d

William Carter, bounty for re-enlisting for 5 years from 18 January 1773, £10 0s 0d

Samuel Wilson, bounty for re-enlisting for 5 years from 25 January 1773, £10 0s 0d

Anthony Reynolds, bounty for re-enlisting for 5 years from 22 February 1773, £10 0s 0d

Henry Yates, for enlisting for 5 years from 18 March 1773, £3 0s 0d

Stephen Jarns, for enlisting for 5 years from 18 March 1773, £3 0s 0d

James Willson, for enlisting for 5 years from 18 March 1773, £3 0s 0d

Carried forward, £670 16s 6d

Interpretations

The Company now paid £10 0s 0d to a soldier who re-enlisted for five years, the same bounty it had paid in 1772 for only three. William Carter, Samuel Wilson and Anthony Reynolds each signed on for the longer term. The change gave the garrison two more years of a trained man's service for the same outlay. The three men taken from the ships in March received only £3 0s 0d each for necessaries. A seasoned soldier already on the island was worth more than three times as much to the Company as a stranger from a passing ship.

Nineteen messengers were sent out on alarms in the quarter, at 5s each. They carried word between the signal posts, the batteries and the Castle whenever a strange sail was reported, and their number matches the run of alarm guns fired through February and March. Florence oil was fine olive oil from Tuscany, shipped in straw-covered flasks and used as a salad oil. The mincemeat was a preserved mixture of chopped meat, suet, dried fruit, sugar and spices, kept in jars for pies.

422

418

19 April

Dr. William Wrangham

1773 March 31 To Cash brought over

£ 4908 . 3

£ 4908 . 3 -

On 31 March 1773 William Wrangham closed the debit side of his account as paymaster with the cash he had drawn from the chest.

Cash brought forward, £4,908 3s 0d

Total, £4,908 3s 0d

423

419

1773

Paymaster Cr.

1773

Brought Over

£ 670 . 16 . 5

By Cash paid to Thos. Ward for Relisting to serve the Honble.

Compy. 5 Years as a Soldier subject to the Articles War

from 2 April 1773.

10 - . -

By Do. paid Wm. Waite for Relisting to serve the Honble.

Company 5 Years as a Soldier subject to the Articles

War from 4th April 1773

10 - . -

690 . 16 . 5

By amount of the Pay Account

4217 . 6 . 7

£ 4908 . 3 -

Island St. Helena

31st March 1773

Errors Excepted

(signed)

William Wrangham

Paymaster.

Counted and Examined the Honorable Company's

Cash for the Month of March last, which is as follows Viz.

The paymaster's payments to 31 March 1773 closed with two more bounties, and the account balanced against the cash he had drawn.

Brought forward, £670 16s 5d

Thomas Ward, bounty for re-enlisting for 5 years from 2 April 1773, £10 0s 0d

William Waite, bounty for re-enlisting for 5 years from 4 April 1773, £10 0s 0d

Disbursements, total, £690 16s 5d

Pay list, total, £4,217 6s 7d

Total, £4,908 3s 0d

William Wrangham signed the account as paymaster at St Helena on 31 March 1773, reserving any errors it might contain.

The Company's cash for March was then counted and examined, with the following result.

Interpretations

The account was dated 31 March, yet it included bounties paid to Thomas Ward and William Waite for re-enlistments that ran from 2 and 4 April. Wrangham did not close his books on the last day of the quarter. He made them up in the weeks that followed and laid them before the Council on 19 April. He drew the quarter's cash in one sum, so payments made in early April before the account was presented were charged against the March quarter rather than held over to the next.

424

420

19th April

Cash Dr. Per Contra Cr.

1773 March 1st To Balance remaining

£ 9783 . 1 . 2½

15 To Ship Gatton

9 . 18 . 1

17 To Ship Osterly

2 . 13 . 11

18 To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon

the Honble. the Court of Directors payable

to Mr. John Hobson (or Order)

100 - . -

To Ship Havannah

9 . 13 . 5

To Ship London

39 . 12 . 6

22d. To Exchange for a Set of Bills drawn upon

the Honble. the Court of Directors

payable to Captn. John Johnson (or Order)

1150 - . -

23d. To Ship Granby

4 . 10 . 4

31st To Jonathan Doveton, received of him for

Stores, Sold in the Quarters ending

this day

1394 . 2 -

To Plantation for Provision Sold

37 . 13 . 6

To Licences

11 . 10 -

To Customs recd. on 8153½ Galls. Spiritd. Liquors

101 . 18 . 4½

£ 12844 . 15 . 4

1773 March 1st By Sundry Accounts Advanced the Paymaster

to pay Salary's &c. in the

Quarters ending this Day

4908 . 3

By Balance remaining Viz.

In Specie

£ 7396 . 17 . 4

In Cash Notes

539 . 15 -

£ 7936 . 12 . 4

12844 . 15 . 4

The Company's cash account for March 1773, closing the quarter, was set out as follows.

Receipts

Balance in hand on 1 March, £9,783 1s 2½d

Received from the Gatton, 15 March, £9 18s 1d

Received from the Osterley, £2 13s 11d

18 March, received in exchange for a set of bills on the Court of Directors payable to John Hobson, £100 0s 0d

Received from the Havannah, £9 13s 5d

Received from the London, £39 12s 6d

22 March, received in exchange for a set of bills on the Court of Directors payable to Captain John Johnston, £1,150 0s 0d

Received from the Granby, 23 March, £4 10s 4d

31 March, Jonathan Doveton, for stores sold in the quarter ending that day, £1,394 2s 0d

Plantation, for provisions sold, £37 13s 6d

Licences, £11 10s 0d

Customs duty on 8,153½ gallons of spirits, £101 18s 4½d

Receipts, total, £12,844 15s 4d

Payments

Advanced to the paymaster for salaries and other charges in the quarter ending 31 March, £4,908 3s 0d

Balance in hand in coin, £7,396 17s 4d

Balance in hand in cash notes, £539 15s 0d

Balance in hand, total, £7,936 12s 4d

Payments and balance, total, £13,844 15s 4d

Interpretations

Customs were paid on 8,153½ gallons of spirits in the quarter, against 1,368½ gallons in the last three months of 1772 and 389 gallons in the quarter before. At 3d a gallon the duty brought in £101 18s 4½d, more than all the licences and plantation sales together. The China and India ships of the season carried arrack and other spirits as private trade for their officers. Much of it was landed and sold on the island while the ships lay in the roads, and the Company taxed it at the landing place. The huge rise shows how far the island's supply of drink, and a share of its revenue, depended on the few weeks of the homeward fleet.

The chest still fell from £8,780 3s 8½d at the end of January to £7,936 12s 4d at the end of March, despite the busiest season of the year. Bills of exchange sold to commanders and officers brought in £1,250 0s 0d in March alone, and £1,000 0s 0d more in February. Without them the balance would have fallen below £5,700. Storekeeper's sales of £1,394 2s 0d were barely half those of the previous quarter. Cheap provisions from the ships, together with the island's own yams and mutton in season, reduced what the inhabitants and garrison bought from the warehouse.

425

421

1773

There being no Pepper in the Honorable Company's Stores, we this

day sent Capt. Richardson the following Order.

To Captn. George Richardson Commander of Ship Pigot.

Sir

You are hereby ordered to send on shore three

Hundred Weight of the Honorable Company's White Pepper, for the use of

this Island. We are

Sir

Your humble Servants

(signed)

Jno. Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

St. Helena

19th April 1773

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Friday 23 day of April 1773 at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 19 April 1773

Wednesday the 21 Arrived the Lioness Boat at Banks's at ½ an Hour past 9 at night

Yesterday Do. the Honble. Compy. Ship Lioness from China (last from the Cape)

This day passed by six Ships supposed to be Dutch

The Ship Lioness brought Us the following Supply viz.

Invoice of Ship Lioness

23 Chests Sugarcandy

No., Tare lb, Gross lb

1: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 301

2: Tare lb 32, Gross lb 293

3: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 298

4: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 293

5: Tare lb 27, Gross lb 294

6: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 297

7: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 295

8: Tare lb 32, Gross lb 301

9: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 297

10: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 297

Tare lb 319, Gross lb 2986

No., Tare lb, Gross lb

11: Tare lb 32, Gross lb 298

12: Tare lb 32, Gross lb 298

13: Tare lb 32, Gross lb 293

14: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 274

15: Tare lb 30, Gross lb 296

16: Tare lb 32, Gross lb 293

17: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 293

18: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 297

19: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 297

20: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 293

Tare lb 318, Gross lb 2967

The Company's stores held no pepper. The Council therefore sent Captain George Richardson, commander of the Pigot, a written order dated at St Helena on 19 April 1773, directing him to land 3 hundredweight of the Company's white pepper for the use of the island. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the order and the minutes.

The Council met at the Castle on Friday 23 April 1773, with the same members present. It read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 19 April.

The Lioness's boat landed at Banks's at half past nine at night on Wednesday 21 April. The Company's ship Lioness arrived from China on Thursday 22 April, having called last at the Cape. Six ships, thought to be Dutch, passed the island that day.

The Lioness brought the island the following supplies. Her invoice began with 23 chests of sugar candy, each listed with its tare and gross weight.

Chest 1, tare 36, gross 301

Chest 2, tare 32, gross 297

Chest 3, tare 33, gross 298

Chest 4, tare 31, gross 304

Chest 5, tare 27, gross 294

Chest 6, tare 34, gross 297

Chest 7, tare 31, gross 295

Chest 8, tare 32, gross 301

Chest 9, tare 31, gross 297

Chest 10, tare 32, gross 298

Chests 1 to 10, tare 319, gross 2,986

Chest 11, tare 32, gross 298

Chest 12, tare 32, gross 298

Chest 13, tare 32, gross 295

Chest 14, tare 33, gross 276

Chest 15, tare 30, gross 296

Chest 16, tare 37, gross 295

Chest 17, tare 31, gross 295

Chest 18, tare 31, gross 297

Chest 19, tare 33, gross 299

Chest 20, tare 33, gross 298

Chests 11 to 20, tare 318, gross 2,967

Interpretations

The Council again supplied the island by ordering goods ashore from a homeward Company cargo rather than buying them, as it had done with the coffee from the Shrewsbury on 5 April 1773. The Pigot had come from Bencoolen, the Company's pepper settlement in Sumatra, and carried pepper as her main cargo. Landing 3 hundredweight from her hold cost the island nothing in cash and needed no more than an entry between the Company's accounts. White pepper was the dried seed with its dark outer skin soaked off. It was milder and dearer than black pepper and was valued in cooking where dark specks were unwanted.

426

422

23 April

No., Tare lb, Gross lb

21: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 301

22: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 298

23: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 297

24: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 300

25: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 302

26: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 298

27: Tare lb 32, Gross lb 297

28: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 297

Tare lb 268, Gross lb 2392

Tare lb 319, Gross lb 2986

Tare lb 318, Gross lb 2967

Tare lb 905, Gross lb 8345

905

lb 7440 Pecul 55 . 80 @ Tal. 5 . 800 Tales 323 . 6 . 4

E. Excepted

(signed)

Wm. Henry Pigou

Geo. Rogers

Matthew Raper Junr.

Jno. Bradby Blake

Jas. Bradshaw

Wm. Rous

Thos. Bevan

Wm. Harrison

Alexr. Hume

Edward Phipps

Francis Wood Junr.

The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores short

received from Ship Lioness

Account of Stores received from Ship Lioness Viz.

Cs. qrs. lb

1 . 1 . 23 Candy Short Weight occasioned by wastage

the Boxes being in good order

St. Helena

23 April 1773

(signed)

Jona. Doveton Storekeeper

Bought on Account of the Honble.

Company of Captn. William Larkins 50 Cape Sheep and some

Garden Seeds as p the following Bill for the Payment whereof we

have given him Certificates

The Honble. East India Company Dr.

To Capt. Willm. Larkins

to 50 Cape Sheep @ 17/6 Barley &c.

£ 43 . 15 -

to 12 lb Garden Seeds

5 - . -

£ 48 . 15

Received Contents for Capt. Larkins

John Wingrove.

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that

he has been onboard the Ship Lioness to Muster her Company

and enquire for Deserters but found none her Muster Roll is as

follows Viz.

Muster Roll of Ship Lioness

William Larkins Comdr.

Thos. Fisher 1 Mate

John Brown 2 Do.

Friend Stealon 3 Mate

Robt. Deane 4 Do.

Geo. Curtis 5 Do.

Wm. Wilkinson Surgeon

John Ringrove Purser

Wm. Archer Surgeons Mate

The invoice of the Lioness continued with the remaining chests of sugar candy and closed as follows.

Chest 21, tare 34, gross 301

Chest 22, tare 34, gross 298

Chest 23, tare 30, gross 297

Chest 24, tare 33, gross 300

Chest 25, tare 35, gross 302

Chest 26, tare 34, gross 298

Chest 27, tare 32, gross 297

Chest 28, tare 33, gross 297

Chests 21 to 28, tare 268, gross 2,392

Chests 1 to 10, tare 319, gross 2,986

Chests 11 to 20, tare 318, gross 2,967

Chests 21 to 28, tare 268, gross 2,392

28 chests, tare 905 lb, gross 8,345 lb

Sugar candy, net 7,440 lb, equal to 55.80 piculs, at five taels and eight mace a picul, three hundred and twenty-three taels, six mace and four candareens

The invoice was signed, with the usual reservation of errors, by William Henry Pigou, George Rogers, Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, William Rous, Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, Alexander Hume, Edward Phipps and Francis Wood junior.

The storekeeper delivered the following account of stores received short from the Lioness.

Sugar candy, short weight from wastage, the boxes being in good order, 1 cwt 1 qr 23 lb

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 23 April 1773.

The Council bought 50 Cape sheep and some garden seeds from Captain William Larkins on the Company's account, as set out in his bill, and paid him by certificate.

Cape sheep, 50 at 17s 6d each, £43 15s 0d

Garden seeds, 12 lb, £5 0s 0d

Bill, total, £48 15s 0d

John Wingrove signed for receipt of the certificate on Captain Larkins's behalf.

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Lioness to muster her company and search for deserters, and had found none. Her muster roll began as follows.

William Larkins, commander

Thomas Fisher, first mate

John Brown, second mate

Friend Stretton, third mate

Robert Deane, fourth mate

George Curtis, fifth mate

William Wilkinson, surgeon

John Wingrove, purser

William Archer, surgeon's mate

Interpretations

Captain Larkins charged 17s 6d a head for his Cape sheep, the highest price the Council paid all season. Earlier commanders had asked between 8s 5d and 15s. The Lioness was among the last of the homeward ships, and the Council still bought from her at the higher rate. It needed to restock the flock before the season ended, when no more sheep could be had until the next fleet arrived the following year.

Sugar candy cost five taels and eight mace a picul at Canton, against four taels and five mace for raw sugar. The candy was refined and crystallised, and it kept far better than raw sugar in the island's damp warehouses.

427

423

1773

Joseph Chappel Boatn.

Robt. Steward Gunner

Thos. Massey Carpentr.

Jno. Wheatly Ship Stewd.

John Clark Ct. Do.

Hy. Andrews Mid. & Coxn.

Jno. Mell Fry Midshipn.

Geo. Bye Do.

Dennis Connolly Do.

Midhope Blundle Do.

Jno. Frayzier Quart. Mastr.

James White Do.

Walter Duncan Do.

Robt. Wright Do.

James Clark Bn. 1 Mate

Nicholas French Do. 2 Do.

John Dickenson Cooper

John Hughes Caulker

Henry Savery Do. Mate

Willm. Boston Gunr. Do.

John Chambers Sailmaker

John Reeves Captn. Cook

Wm. Brogton Ships Do.

Rd. White Butcher

Thos. Sheppard Poulterer

John Hobson Armourer

Andw. Cameron Taylor

John Adams Capt. Servt.

Thos. Carmouls Do. Do.

Geo. Gibbs Capt. Servt.

Thos. Grant Seaman

Saml. Duncan

Geo. Walter Trebilcock

Thomas Eccles

George Blake

Thos. Duncastes

Richd. Jump

Chris. Jones

Partrick French

James Hayhoe

Willm. Brizill

Chris. Lofgren

John Sedgwick

Anthy. Silway

Nathl. Page

Edward Hammond

Richd. Huntley

Geo. Hedgcock

Edw. Clark

Robt. Seymore

Fran. Tellis

Willm. Mather

Thos. Spencer

Adam Clark

John Irwin

Mungo Cook

Willm. Ford

Robt. Price

James Norris

John Murry Seaman

Willm. Jull

John Murry

Robt. Lawson

Andw. Lawson

Richd. Brown

Willm. Hart

Rd. Nordeby

Steven Porter

Willm. Blake

John Davies

Martin Levent

Fran. Berre

Abrahm. Jacobs

Anthy. Mitchell

Peter Jenson

Thos. Brown

Geo. Miller

John Hendrickson

Hans. Willsen

Willm. Bird

John Hibberts

Thos. Whiteman

Willm. Clark

Saml. Fisher

Willm. Gardner

Richd. Warden

Thos. Neal

Jam. Cambel

Dover

(signed)

Wm. Larkins

The ten working days allowed by Charter party for unlading

the Ship Royal Capt. being expired, We gave Capt. Edwd. Bruces sailing orders

in Writing, to make the best of his way to Canton in China,

according to the orders he has received from the Honble. the Court

of Directors. We likewise gave him the following Letters to the several

Presidency's in India.

The muster roll of the Lioness continued with the remaining men.

Joseph Chappel, boatswain

Robert Steward, gunner

Thomas Massit, carpenter

John Wheatly, ship's steward

John Clark, captain's steward

H Andrews, midshipman and coxswain

John Mell Fry, midshipman

George Bye, midshipman

Dennis Connoly, midshipman

Midhope Blundel, midshipman

John Frazier, quartermaster

James White, quartermaster

Walter Duncan, quartermaster

Robert Wright, quartermaster

James Clark, boatswain's first mate

Nicholas French, boatswain's second mate

John Dickenson, cooper

John Hughes, caulker

Henry Savery, carpenter's mate

William Boston, gunner's mate

John Chambers, sailmaker

John Reeves, captain's cook

William Brogton, ship's cook

R White, butcher

Thomas Sheppard, poulterer

John Dobson, armourer

Andrew Cammeron, tailor

John Adams, captain's servant

Thomas Carmouls, captain's servant

George Gibbs, captain's servant

Thomas Grant, seaman

James Duncan, seaman

George Walter Treblecock, seaman

Thomas Ebols, seaman

George Blake, seaman

Thomas Duncaster, seaman

Richard Jump, seaman

Christopher Jones, seaman

Patrick French, seaman

James Haykers, seaman

William Brivill, seaman

Christopher Lofgreen, seaman

John Sedgwick, seaman

Anthony Pilroy, seaman

Nathaniel Page, seaman

Edward Hammon, seaman

Richard Huntley, seaman

George Hedgcock, seaman

Edward Clark, seaman

Robert Seymour, seaman

James Tillis, seaman

William Mather, seaman

Thomas Spencer, seaman

Adam Clark, seaman

John Irwin, seaman

Mungo Cook, seaman

William Ford, seaman

Robert Price, seaman

James Norris, seaman

John Murry, seaman

William Jull, seaman

John Murry, seaman

Robert Lawson, seaman

Andrew Lawson, seaman

Nicholas Brown, seaman

William Hart, seaman

R Nordeby, seaman

Steven Porter, seaman

William Blake, seaman

John Davies, seaman

Martin Levent, seaman

Juan Barre, seaman

Abraham Jacobs, seaman

Anthony Mitchell, seaman

Peter Jenson, seaman

Thomas Brown, seaman

George Miller, seaman

John Hendrickson, seaman

Samuel Willson, seaman

William Bird, seaman

John Hebberts, seaman

Thomas Whiteman, seaman

William Clark, seaman

Samuel Fisher, seaman

William Gardner, seaman

Richard Warden, seaman

Thomas Deal, seaman

James Cambel, seaman

Dover, seaman

William Larkins signed the roll as commander.

The ten working days allowed by her charter party for unloading the Royal Captain had now run out. The Council gave Captain Edward Bruce written sailing orders to make the best of his way to Canton, as the Court of Directors had instructed him. It also gave him the following letters for the Company's presidencies in India.

Interpretations

The Company did not own the Royal Captain. It hired her from her owners under a charter party, which fixed the number of working days she could be kept at each port. Once those days were spent, the owners could claim demurrage, a daily charge for every further day the ship was held. The Council therefore sent her on to Canton the moment her ten days in the roads expired, rather than keep her for more unloading or for the convenience of the island. She arrived on 11 April 1773, and the Council dispatched her within the time allowed, to avoid adding the owners' charges to the Company's costs.

428

424

23 April

To the Honble. Warren Hastings Esqr.

President and Governor &c. Council of Fort William

Sir Sirs

We did ourselves the Honor of Writing last to you

the 29th April 1772 by the Ship Lord Camden since which Your

several favours have been duly received.

We desire you will send for the use of this Island

eight Maunds of the best Wax Candle's by each Ship and the usual

quantity of Arrack Rice and Paddy, likewise six Pipes of Madeira Wine

which will be wanted for the Usual Consumption of this settlement.

This Letter goes by way of China. Enclosed we transmit

you a List of Ships, that have been here since the 29th of April 1772

We are

Sir and Sirs

Your most obedient Humble Servants

(signed)

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Matt. Parling

Matt. Bazett

St. Helena

23d. April 1773

To the Honble. Josias Du Pree Esqr. President

and Governor &c. Council of Fort St. George.

Sir and Sirs

We wrote last to you the 29th April 1772

by the Ship Lord Camden since which your several Advices were

duly received.

We request you will send for the use of this Island

twenty pieces of Long Cloth at twelve Pagodas p Piece, twenty pieces at

ten Pagodas p Piece, fifty Pieces at eight Pagodas p Piece, fifty Pieces at

Six Pagodas p Piece, Sixty Pieces at three & an half Pagodas p Piece

& Sixty Pieces of two & an half p Piece, and the Usual Quantity of Arrack

Rice & Paddy.

The Council's letter to Warren Hastings, President and Governor, and the Council of Fort William in Bengal, was entered as follows. The Council had last written to them on 29 April 1772 by the Lord Camden, and had since received several of their letters. It asked them to send, in each ship bound for the island, 8 maunds of the best wax candles and the usual quantity of arrack, rice and paddy. It also asked for six pipes of Madeira for the ordinary needs of the settlement. The letter was going by way of China. The Council enclosed a list of the ships that had called at the island since 29 April 1772. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the letter at St Helena on 23 April 1773.

The Council's letter to Josias Du Pré, President and Governor, and the Council of Fort St George at Madras, was entered next. The Council had last written to them on 29 April 1772 by the Lord Camden, and had since received several of their letters. It asked them to send the following long cloth for the use of the island, together with the usual quantity of arrack, rice and paddy.

Long cloth, 20 pieces at twelve pagodas a piece

Long cloth, 20 pieces at ten pagodas a piece

Long cloth, 50 pieces at eight pagodas a piece

Long cloth, 50 pieces at six pagodas a piece

Long cloth, 60 pieces at three and a half pagodas a piece

Long cloth, 60 pieces at two and a half pagodas a piece

Interpretations

The Council's yearly letters to the Indian presidencies were its standing orders for supplies. Each presidency was asked for what it produced best. Bengal supplied wax candles, arrack, rice and paddy. Madras supplied long cloth woven on the Coromandel coast. The six grades of long cloth, priced from twelve pagodas down to two and a half, matched the numbered grades from 1 to 5 held in the warehouse and sold to the inhabitants. The finer cloth went to the better households for shirts and linen. The cheapest was used for the Company's slaves and for issue to women in childbed.

The letters went by way of China because the Royal Captain, bound for Canton, was the only ship leaving the island for the East. From Canton they would be forwarded to India by the Company's country ships.

429

425

1773

You will receive this Letter by way of China and have

enclosed for your perusal a List of Ships that have been at this

Island since the 29th April 1772

We are

Sir and Sirs

Your most obedient humble Servants

(signed)

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Matthew Parling

Matthew Bazett

St. Helena

23 Apr. 1773

To the Honorable William Hornby Esqr. President

& Governor &c. Council of Bombay

Sir and Sirs

We addressed you last the 29th April 1772

by the Ship Lord Camden, since which we have received your several

Letters.

We request you will send for the use of this Island

two hundred Ps. of Surat Chelloes and the usual quantity of Rice & Paddy.

This letter goes by way of China. Enclosed we

transmit you a list of Ships Arrival and Departure to and from this place,

since the 29th April 1772

We are

Sir and Sirs

Your most obedient humble Servants

(signed)

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Mattw. Parling

Mattw. Bazett

St. Helena

23 April 1773

The Council's letter to Fort St George added that it would reach Madras by way of China. The Council enclosed a list of the ships that had called at the island since 29 April 1772. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the letter at St Helena on 23 April 1773.

The Council's letter to William Hornby, President and Governor, and the Council of Bombay, was entered next. The Council had last written to them on 29 April 1772 by the Lord Camden, and had since received several of their letters. It asked them to send 200 pieces of Surat chelloes for the use of the island, together with the usual quantity of rice and paddy. The letter was going by way of China. The Council enclosed a list of the ships that had arrived at and sailed from the island since 29 April 1772. The Governor, Corneille, Purling and Bazett signed the letter at St Helena on 23 April 1773.

Interpretations

Each presidency was again asked only for what it produced best. Bombay sent chelloes, the checked and striped cotton cloth woven around Surat, which the island used for slaves' clothing and wrappers. The warehouse held 190 pieces at the end of September 1772 and had issued and sold them steadily since, so 200 more would restore the stock. The lists of ships enclosed with every letter let each presidency follow which of its vessels had reached St Helena safely on the passage home. That was often the first news India received of a ship after she left the Cape.

430

426

23 April

To the President and other Supra Cargoes of

Council at Canton.

Gentlemen

We did ourselves the Pleasure of Writing

last to you by the Ship Lord Camden under date of the 29th April

1772 since which your several Letters to the Present date have been

duly received together with the other Papers you have been pleased to

favour Us with.

By the abstract you favoured us with

of the Stores consigned to this Island We find a deficiency of all the

China Ware except the Dishes & Plates. And having had recourse

to our Letter under date of the 29 April 1772, We observed that the

Error lay on our part in wording the latter part of the second Paragraph

of said Letter. We therefore request that you will fully Comply with

every Article of the Indent as transmitted you from England, And be

pleased to add thereto two Chests of the best Hyson Tea and one of

Shouchon in Cannisters which is not inserted in the said Indent. And

if it is no inconvenience to you should be glad if you will send us some

Tea of different sorts, together with Sugar and Candy, by the first

dispatched Ships of the Season.

Enclosed we transmit you the Ship

Royal Captains Manifest of Goods, Charter Party, Victualling

Bill and Captain Bruces Instructions, Likewise our Letters to

the several Presidency's in India which we request you will

forward by the first Opportunity.

We have sent for your perusal a

List of Ships that have touched at this Place since the 29 April 1772

We are

Gentlemen

Your most obedient humble Servants

(signed)

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Mattw. Parling

Mattw. Bazett

St. Helena

23 April 1773

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

The Council's letter to the President and supercargoes in council at Canton was entered as follows.

The Council had last written to them on 29 April 1772 by the Lord Camden. It had since received all their letters to date, with the papers they had sent. The abstract they supplied of the stores consigned to the island showed that all the chinaware except the dishes and plates had been left out. On checking its own letter of 29 April 1772, the Council found that the error lay in its own wording of the latter part of the second paragraph. It therefore asked the supercargoes to supply every article in the indent sent to them from England. It also asked them to add two chests of the best hyson tea and one of souchong in canisters, which the indent did not include. If it caused them no inconvenience, the Council would be glad of some tea of different sorts, together with sugar and sugar candy, in the first ships dispatched in the season.

The Council enclosed the Royal Captain's manifest of goods, her charter party, her victualling bill and Captain Borrow's instructions. It also enclosed its letters to the presidencies in India and asked the supercargoes to forward them at the first opportunity. It sent a list of the ships that had called at the island since 29 April 1772. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the letter at St Helena on 23 April 1773, and signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The china that arrived short in the homeward ships had been missing from the order, not lost on the voyage. The obvious course was to blame the supercargoes at Canton for failing to send it. The Council instead went back to its own letter of the previous year, found that its own wording had misled them, and said so plainly. It then asked them to fill the full indent drawn up in London, which overrode the Council's faulty instructions. Owning the mistake kept good relations with the supercargoes, on whom the island depended every season for its sugar, tea and china.

Souchong was a superior black tea made from the larger leaves of the plant and prized for its smoky flavour. Shipping it and the fine green hyson in canisters, rather than in large chests, kept the leaves airtight and fresh on the long voyage. These small quantities of costly tea were for the Governor's table and the better households.

431

427

26th April

At a Consultation held on Monday the 26th Day of April 1773

at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr.

Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Mattw. Parling

Mr. Mattw. Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 23d. April

1773.

Last Night sailed the Honorable Company's Ship Lioness for England

The Storekeeper this day delivered the following Account of

Stores short received from Ship Royal Captain viz.

Account of Stores Short Received from Ship Royal Capt.

23 Silk Stones

29 Sqr. Glass 8 by 10

27 Do. 10 . . 12

1 Candle Shade

2 Tumblers

3 Close Stool pans

1 Punch Ladle

found broke upon opening the

Packages which were in good order

7 Bushls. Salt short measure, occd. by wastage

64 lb Cordage

25 Sope

Short Weight occd. by Wastage

1 Gallon Kettle short Packed

10 Hair Sieves damaged and good for nothing

15,000 Plain Tiles broke Do. Do.

Wine viz.

No. 1 one Hogshead Port Gag. 60 Gallons wanted to fill 1

Do. 2 Do. Do. Do. 61 Do. Do. 1

Do. 3 Do. Do. Do. 60 Do. Do. 1

Do. 4 Do. Do. Do. 61 Do. Do. 1

242 4 Gallns.

Galls. 238 Received

No. 5 one Hogshead Lisbon Gag. 60 Galls. wanted to fill 1 Galls.

6 Do. Do. Do. 60 Do. 1

7 Do. Do. Do. 60 Do. 1

8 Do. Do. Do. 61 Do. 1

241 4 G.

Galls. 237 Received

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 26 April 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 23 April.

The Company's ship Lioness sailed for England on the night of Sunday 25 April.

The storekeeper delivered an account of stores received short from the Royal Captain. It began as follows.

Scythe stones found broken on opening the packages, which were in good order, 23

Window glass found broken, panes of 8 by 10 inches, 29

Window glass found broken, panes of 10 by 12 inches, 27

Candle shade found broken, 1

Tumblers found broken, 2

Close-stool pans found broken, 3

Punch ladle found broken, 1

Salt, short measure from wastage, 7 bushels

Cordage, short weight from wastage, 64 lb

Soap, short weight from wastage, 25 lb

Gallon kettle, short packed, 1

Hair sieves, damaged and useless, 10

Plain tiles, broken and useless, 15,000

Port, hogshead number 1, gauged at 60 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill

Port, hogshead number 2, gauged at 61 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill

Port, hogshead number 3, gauged at 60 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill

Port, hogshead number 4, gauged at 61 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill

Port, 4 hogsheads, gauged at 242 gallons, wanting 4 gallons

Port received, 238 gallons

Lisbon wine, hogshead number 5, gauged at 60 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill

Lisbon wine, hogshead number 6, gauged at 60 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill

Lisbon wine, hogshead number 7, gauged at 60 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill

Lisbon wine, hogshead number 8, gauged at 61 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill

Lisbon wine, 4 hogsheads, gauged at 241 gallons, wanting 4 gallons

Lisbon wine received, 237 gallons

Interpretations

The heaviest loss was 15,000 plain roofing tiles, broken and useless. Tiles were heavy and cheap, and ships often carried them low in the hold, where the cargo above crushed them as the ship worked in a seaway. They were wanted for roofing the officers' barracks and the Company's houses, so the loss would have to be made good from the next year's ships.

The storekeeper recorded each kind of loss in a different way, and the distinction mattered. Breakage inside packages that arrived sound could not be laid at the ship's door. Wastage of salt, cordage and soap was the natural shrinkage of the goods. The gallon kettle, by contrast, was "short packed": it had never been put into its case in London at all. That loss belonged to the Company's own warehouse at home, and the account gave the Court the evidence to trace it there.

432

428

26th April

No. 9 one Hogshead Mountain Gag. 59 Galls. wants to fill 1 Gall.

Galls. 58 Received

St. Helena

April the 26th 1773

(Signed)

Jonathan Doveton

Storekeeper

James Cambell a Serjeant of Artillery from the

Coast having applied to Us to be Entertained in this Garrison, and he having

a very good Character and a regular discharge, We have Enlisted him

accordingly, and gave him ten Pounds Bounty Money.

Mr. James Hobbs Surgeon of the

Ship Royal Captain applying to Us to be paid the usual Sum

of five Shillings for each Recruit, We directed the Paymaster to pay him

which amounts to £ 9 . 10

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

The account of stores received short from the Royal Captain closed as follows.

Mountain wine, hogshead number 9, gauged at 59 gallons, wanting 1 gallon to fill

Mountain wine received, 58 gallons

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 26 April 1773.

James Cambell, a sergeant of artillery from the Coromandel coast, asked to be taken into the island's garrison. He bore a very good character and held a regular discharge. The Council enlisted him and paid him £10 0s 0d in bounty.

James Hobbs, surgeon of the Royal Captain, asked for the usual payment of 5s for each recruit. The Council directed the paymaster to pay him the sum due, which came to £9 10s 0d. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The Council paid James Cambell £10 0s 0d, against only £3 0s 0d given in March to the three men taken from the homeward ships. The difference rested on what Cambell brought with him. He was a trained artillery sergeant with a regular discharge and a good character from the Company's service on the Coast. The discharge proved he was no deserter, and his experience meant he could take a gunner's or non-commissioned officer's place at once. The Council judged such a man worth the full re-enlistment bounty, while strangers of unknown record from the ships were taken on for the bare cost of their necessaries.

The surgeon's fee of 5s a head shows that the Royal Captain had brought 38 recruits out from England. The Company paid ship's surgeons by the number of recruits landed alive. This gave the surgeon a direct interest in keeping the men healthy through a voyage on which scurvy and fever often killed many.

433

429

1st May

At a Consultation held on Saturday the 1st day of May 1773 at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr.

Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Mattw. Parling

Mr. Mattw. Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 26th April

1773.

Friday the 30 Sailed the Honble. Company's Royal Captain for China

This day arrived the Honble. Company's Ship Alfred from England, by which Ship

we received a Packet from the Honble. the Court of Directors which we opened

and read their General Letter to Us.

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Monday the 3d. day of May 1773 at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr.

Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Mattw. Parling

Mr. Mattw. Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was approved and signed dated the 1 May

1773.

Yesterday arrived the Earl of Lincoln's Boat at Bankses at half an

Hour past Eleven o'Clock in the Forenoon.

Do. Do. the Honble. Company Ship Earl of Lincoln from

China (last from the Cape)

The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 1 May 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 26 April.

The Company's ship Royal Captain sailed for China on Friday 30 April. The Company's ship Alfred arrived from England on 1 May. She brought a packet from the Court of Directors, and the Council opened it and read the Court's general letter. The Governor, Corneille, Purling and Bazett signed the minutes.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 3 May 1773, with the same members present. It approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 1 May.

The Earl of Lincoln's boat landed at Banks's at half past eleven in the morning on Sunday 2 May. The Company's ship Earl of Lincoln arrived from China the same day, having called last at the Cape.

434

430

3d. May

This day arrived the Lord Camdens Boat at Bankses at two o'Clock

in the Forenoon

Do. Do. The Honble. Company's Ship Lord Camden from China

The Ships Earl of Lincoln & Lord Camden brought us the following Supply

Invoice of Ship Earl of Lincoln

15 Chest of Bohea Tea

No., Tare lb, Gross lb

16: Tare lb 37, Gross lb 180

17: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 188

18: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 184

19: Tare lb 38, Gross lb 179

20: Tare lb 38, Gross lb 181

21: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 180

22: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 177

23: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 180

24: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 186

25: Tare lb 38, Gross lb 182

Tare lb 365, Gross lb 1817

26: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 183

27: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 183

28: Tare lb 39, Gross lb 190

29: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 180

30: Tare lb 39, Gross lb 177

Tare lb 186, Gross lb 913

Tare lb 365, Gross lb 1817

Tare lb 551, Gross lb 2730

Tare 551

2179 lb Pecul 16 . 34 @ Tal. 12 Tal. 196 . 0 . 8 . 0

10 Chests of Congo Tea

No., Gross lb

11 . 12: Gross lb 218

13 . 14: Gross lb 215

15 . 16: Gross lb 221

17 . 18: Gross lb 219

19 . 20: Gross lb 217

Gross lb 1090

Tare 23 Chests 230

860 lb Pecul 6 . 45 @ Tl. 25

161 . 2 . 4 . 0

Tals. 357 . 3 . 2 . 0

The Lord Camden's boat landed at Banks's at two o'clock on 3 May 1773. The Company's ship Lord Camden arrived from China the same day.

The Earl of Lincoln and the Lord Camden brought the island the following supplies. The invoice of the Earl of Lincoln listed 15 chests of bohea tea and 10 of congou, each with its tare and gross weight in pounds.

Bohea tea, chest 16, tare 37, gross 180

Bohea tea, chest 17, tare 35, gross 188

Bohea tea, chest 18, tare 36, gross 184

Bohea tea, chest 19, tare 38, gross 179

Bohea tea, chest 20, tare 38, gross 181

Bohea tea, chest 21, tare 35, gross 180

Bohea tea, chest 22, tare 36, gross 177

Bohea tea, chest 23, tare 36, gross 180

Bohea tea, chest 24, tare 36, gross 186

Bohea tea, chest 25, tare 38, gross 182

Bohea tea, chests 16 to 25, tare 365, gross 1,817

Bohea tea, chest 26, tare 36, gross 183

Bohea tea, chest 27, tare 36, gross 183

Bohea tea, chest 28, tare 39, gross 190

Bohea tea, chest 29, tare 36, gross 180

Bohea tea, chest 30, tare 39, gross 177

Bohea tea, chests 26 to 30, tare 186, gross 913

Bohea tea, 15 chests, tare 551 lb, gross 2,730 lb

Bohea tea, net 2,179 lb, equal to 16.34 piculs, at twelve taels a picul, one hundred and ninety-six taels and eight candareens

Congou tea, chests 11 and 12, gross 218

Congou tea, chests 13 and 14, gross 215

Congou tea, chests 15 and 16, gross 221

Congou tea, chests 17 and 18, gross 219

Congou tea, chests 19 and 20, gross 217

Congou tea, 10 chests, tare at 23 lb a chest 230 lb, gross 1,090 lb

Congou tea, net 860 lb, equal to 6.45 piculs, at twenty-five taels a picul, one hundred and sixty-one taels, two mace and four candareens

Invoice, total, three hundred and fifty-seven taels, three mace and two candareens

Interpretations

The invoice shows what the island's tea actually cost the Company. Bohea was bought at Canton for twelve taels a picul. At about 6s 8d to the tael and 133⅓ lb to the picul, that came to a little over 7d a pound. The warehouse sold it to the inhabitants at about 8d, the Company's usual advance of 10%. Congou cost more than twice as much at twenty-five taels a picul. Its smaller, finer chests were weighed in pairs, with a fixed tare of 23 lb allowed for each case.

435

431

1773

Brought Over Tales 357 . 3 . 2 . 0

12 Chests of Hyson Tea

No., Gross lb

13 . 14: Gross lb 157

15 . 16: Gross lb 158

17 . 18: Gross lb 157

19 . 20: Gross lb 157

21 . 22: Gross lb 157

23 . 24: Gross lb 165

Gross lb 951

Tare as p. 228

723 lb Pecl. 5 . 42 @ Tal. 22

119 . 2 . 4 . 0

Tales 476 . 5 . 7 . 0

Errors Excepted

Canton the 9th January 1773

(signed)

Alexd. Hume

Edward Phipps

Francis Wood Junr.

Willm. Rous

Thos. Bevan

Willm. Harrison

Mattw. Raper Junr.

John Bradby Blake

James Bradshaw

Wm. Henry Pigou

Geo. Rogers

Invoice of Ship Lord Camden

15 Chest of Bohea Tea

No., Tare lb, Gross lb

1: Tare lb 38, Gross lb 171

2: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 176

3: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 175

4: Tare lb 37, Gross lb 170

5: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 175

6: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 166

7: Tare lb 37, Gross lb 171

8: Tare lb 39, Gross lb 162

9: Tare lb 38, Gross lb 165

10: Tare lb 37, Gross lb 164

Tare lb 367, Gross lb 1695

The invoice of the Earl of Lincoln closed with 12 chests of hyson tea, weighed in pairs.

Brought forward, three hundred and fifty-seven taels, three mace and two candareens

Hyson tea, chests 13 and 14, gross 157

Hyson tea, chests 15 and 16, gross 158

Hyson tea, chests 17 and 18, gross 157

Hyson tea, chests 19 and 20, gross 157

Hyson tea, chests 21 and 22, gross 157

Hyson tea, chests 23 and 24, gross 165

Hyson tea, 12 chests, tare at 19 lb a chest 228 lb, gross 951 lb

Hyson tea, net 723 lb, equal to 5.42 piculs, at twenty-two taels a picul, one hundred and nineteen taels, two mace and four candareens

Invoice, total, four hundred and seventy-six taels, five mace and seven candareens

The invoice was signed at Canton on 9 January 1773, with the usual reservation of errors, by Alexander Hume, Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior, William Rous, Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, William Henry Pigou and George Rogers.

The invoice of the Lord Camden began with 15 chests of bohea tea, each with its tare and gross weight in pounds.

Bohea tea, chest 1, tare 38, gross 171

Bohea tea, chest 2, tare 35, gross 176

Bohea tea, chest 3, tare 35, gross 175

Bohea tea, chest 4, tare 37, gross 170

Bohea tea, chest 5, tare 35, gross 175

Bohea tea, chest 6, tare 36, gross 166

Bohea tea, chest 7, tare 37, gross 171

Bohea tea, chest 8, tare 39, gross 162

Bohea tea, chest 9, tare 38, gross 165

Bohea tea, chest 10, tare 37, gross 164

Bohea tea, chests 1 to 10, tare 367, gross 1,695

Interpretations

Hyson cost twenty-two taels a picul, less than the congou on the same invoice at twenty-five. The price ran against the usual order, since hyson was reckoned the finest green tea of the period. The likeliest explanation is that this was a lower grade sold under the hyson name for the island's table, while the costly best hyson the Council had asked for in canisters on 23 April 1773 had not yet been ordered when these chests were packed. The invoice was signed at Canton on 9 January 1773, before that letter was written, so the supercargoes were still filling the indent sent from England.

436

432

3 May

No., Tare lb, Gross lb

11: Tare lb 40, Gross lb 167

12: Tare lb 37, Gross lb 163

13: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 163

14: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 179

15: Tare lb 37, Gross lb 186

Tare lb 182, Gross lb 858

Tare lb 367, Gross lb 1685

Tare lb 549, Gross lb 2543

Tare 549

1994 lb Pecl. 14 . 95 @ Tl. 12 Tales

179 . 4 . 0 . 0

10 Chests of Congo Tea

No., Gross lb

1 . 2: Gross lb 115

3 . 4: Gross lb 219

5 . 6: Gross lb 219

7 . 8: Gross lb 215

9 . 10: Gross lb 219

Gross lb 1087

Tare @ 23 lb Chest 230

857 Pecl. 6 . 42 @ Tal. 25

160 . 5 . 0 . 0

12 Chests of Hyson Skins

No., Gross lb

1 . 2: Gross lb 157

3 . 4: Gross lb 156

5 . 6: Gross lb 157

7 . 8: Gross lb 158

9 . 10: Gross lb 159

11 . 12: Gross lb 153

Gross lb 940

Tare @ 19 p Chest 228

712 Pecl. 5 . 34 @ Tal. 22

117 . 4 . 8 . 0

Tales 457 . 3 . 8 . 0

Errors Excepted

Canton the 17th Decemr. 1772

(signed)

Alexd. Hume

Edward Phipps

Frans. Wood Junr.

Wm. Rous

Thos. Bevan

Wm. Harrison

Mattw. Raper Jr.

Jno. Bradby Blake

James Bradshaw

Wm. Henry Pigou

Geo. Rogers

The invoice of the Lord Camden continued with the rest of the bohea tea, 10 chests of congou and 12 chests of hyson skin, and closed as follows.

Bohea tea, chest 11, tare 40, gross 167

Bohea tea, chest 12, tare 37, gross 163

Bohea tea, chest 13, tare 34, gross 163

Bohea tea, chest 14, tare 34, gross 179

Bohea tea, chest 15, tare 37, gross 186

Bohea tea, chests 11 to 15, tare 182, gross 858

Bohea tea, chests 1 to 10, tare 367, gross 1,685

Bohea tea, 15 chests, tare 549 lb, gross 2,543 lb

Bohea tea, net 1,994 lb, equal to 14.95 piculs, at twelve taels a picul, one hundred and seventy-nine taels and four mace

Congou tea, chests 1 and 2, gross 215

Congou tea, chests 3 and 4, gross 219

Congou tea, chests 5 and 6, gross 219

Congou tea, chests 7 and 8, gross 215

Congou tea, chests 9 and 10, gross 219

Congou tea, 10 chests, tare at 23 lb a chest 230 lb, gross 1,087 lb

Congou tea, net 857 lb, equal to 6.42 piculs, at twenty-five taels a picul, one hundred and sixty taels and five mace

Hyson skin tea, chests 1 and 2, gross 157

Hyson skin tea, chests 3 and 4, gross 156

Hyson skin tea, chests 5 and 6, gross 157

Hyson skin tea, chests 7 and 8, gross 158

Hyson skin tea, chests 9 and 10, gross 159

Hyson skin tea, chests 11 and 12, gross 153

Hyson skin tea, 12 chests, tare at 19 lb a chest 228 lb, gross 940 lb

Hyson skin tea, net 712 lb, equal to 5.34 piculs, at twenty-two taels a picul, one hundred and seventeen taels, four mace and eight candareens

Invoice, total, four hundred and fifty-seven taels, three mace and eight candareens

The invoice was signed at Canton on 17 December 1772, with the usual reservation of errors, by Alexander Hume, Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior, William Rous, Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, William Henry Pigou and George Rogers.

Interpretations

The Lord Camden's invoice named this green tea as hyson skin, priced at the same twenty-two taels a picul as the "hyson" in the Earl of Lincoln's invoice. That settles the earlier puzzle over the low price. Hyson skin was the coarser, lighter leaf winnowed out when the true hyson was sifted. It made a tolerable green tea at a fraction of the price of the best grade. The island was therefore being supplied with this lesser sort for general sale, which explains why the Council asked separately on 23 April 1773 for two chests of the best hyson in canisters.

437

433

1773

The Lieutenant Governor this day made a report to the

Board that the two hundred Sheep contracted for with Captain Richardson

on the Company's Account were Landed so poor and in such bad Condition

that eight of them are dead from the 18 of April the day he arrived to the

present date.

In consequence of which we spoke to Captain Richardson,

who asserted that he landed the Number Contracted for and that they

appeared to him to be in tolerable Condition when Landed, But as

we are convinced that this could not be the case by the report of the

Lieutenant Governor, we agreed to give him the certificates in the

Usual way, and refer the same to the Honble. Company.

We this day received the following Letter from the

Reverend Mr. William Bearcroft.

To the Worshipful John Skottowe Esqr. Govr.

and the Gentlemen of Council.

Worshipful Sir & Sirs

Having acquainted the Honble. Company thro'

your Board, on the 13 of July last, that I intended quiting their Service in

the month of April then next ensuing (which is now past) or as soon after

as the arrival of a Successor, by the Ships of that Year, should give me leave,

I have been for some time preparing to embark myself & Child for England.

The Ships are now come, but to my very great surprise no Gentleman to

relieve me. Not being conscious of have been wanting on my Part to the

Honble. Company, I beg to know what notice is taking of my request in

the General Letters, as the Ships in which I can best expect a Passage

are now daily coming in, the only proper Season for carrying so young

a passenger, as my Child is, with me, is wearing fast, and I have many

other substantial reasons for desiring to get soon home. I am with respect

Worshipful Sir & Sirs

Your very obedient Servant

(signed)

Willm. Bearcroft

The Lieutenant Governor reported to the Council that the 200 sheep contracted for with Captain Richardson on the Company's account had been landed so poor and in such bad condition that eight had died between 18 April, the day the ship arrived, and that day.

The Council spoke to Captain Richardson about it. He maintained that he had landed the full number contracted for and that the sheep had seemed to him in tolerable condition when they came ashore. The Lieutenant Governor's report convinced the Council otherwise. Even so, it agreed to give Richardson the usual certificates for payment and to refer the matter to the Company.

The Council received a letter from the chaplain, William Bearcroft. On 13 July of the previous year he had asked the Council to inform the Company that he meant to leave its service in April, or as soon afterwards as a successor arrived in that year's ships, if the Company gave him leave. April had now passed. He had been preparing for some time to sail for England with his child. The ships had now come, but to his great surprise no clergyman had arrived to relieve him. He was not aware of any failing in his duty to the Company. He asked what notice the Court had taken of his request in its general letters. The ships in which he could best hope for a passage were arriving daily, and this was the only suitable season for travelling with a young child, who was growing fast. He added that he had other substantial reasons for wishing to get home soon.

Interpretations

The Council passed over the obvious course of withholding or cutting Captain Richardson's payment, though it plainly believed the sheep had been landed in poor condition. It issued the certificates in the usual way and sent the dispute to London instead. The quarrel lay between the Company and one of its own commanders over a contract made on the Company's account. The Court, not the island, was the proper place to settle it. Refusing the certificates would have left the Council to judge a claim it could not prove beyond the Lieutenant Governor's word, and might have held up a homeward ship. Recording the deaths and the report kept the Company's case open without the Council acting as judge in its own cause.

Bearcroft's position shows how hard it was to leave a remote station. A chaplain could not simply resign and go. He had to give a year's notice, wait for the Court's answer and for a successor to come out, and then find a ship in the right season. The homeward fleet called only between January and May. Missing it meant waiting almost a year more, which explains his anxiety now that April had passed without a reply.

438

434

3 May

Upon which we directed the Secretary to return him

the following Answer.

Sir

I am directed by the Governor and Council to

acquaint you in answer to yours of this Days date, that your

letter under date of the 13th of July 1772 to the Governor signifying

your intention of quiting the Honble. Company's Service was

transmitted to the Court of Directors thro' their Consultation of

the above date. And in consequence of the same notice to them they

further mentioned in their General Letter under date of the 15 July

1772 your intention of quiting their Service after the Arrival

of this Years Store Ships, And requested that they would be pleased

to send out a Clergyman to succeed you as Chaplain of this Island

I am now also to inform you that no notice has been taking of your

desire to quit this Island, nor neither has the Court of Directors in

any shape intimated to them their Intentions of sending out any

Gentleman to succeed you, and they could wish the situation of your

own affairs was such, as could admit of your longer stay amongst

them, as your conduct since here has been extreamly satisfactory to

them and the Island in General.

I am Sir

Your most obedient Servant

B. Wright Secrety.

The Executors to the last Will and Testament

of Elizabeth Desfountain deceased this day presented the said

Will desiring the same might be proved, which was accordingly

done upon the Oaths of the Witnesses thereto. the will is as follows viz.

In the Name of God Amen

I Elizabeth Desfountain being weak in Body

But of perfect mind and memory, calling to remembrance

the mortality of my Body, do make and ordain this my

last Will and Testament in the manner and form following that is to

say

The Council directed the secretary to send Bearcroft a reply. Britannicus Wright wrote, on the Governor and Council's instructions, that Bearcroft's letter of 13 July 1772 to the Governor, announcing his intention to leave the Company's service, had been sent to the Court of Directors with the Council's consultations of that date. The Council had also mentioned it in its general letter of 15 July 1772. There it told the Court that he meant to leave after the arrival of that year's store ships and asked the Court to send out a clergyman to succeed him as chaplain. Wright had now to inform him that the Court had taken no notice of his wish to leave the island. Nor had it given any sign that it meant to send a successor. The Council wished his private affairs would allow him to stay longer, since his conduct since he came had been entirely satisfactory to the Council and to the island as a whole.

The executors of Elizabeth Desfountain, who had died on 26 February 1773, presented her will to the Council and asked for it to be proved. The witnesses swore to it on oath, and the Council admitted it to probate. Elizabeth Desfountain had made the will while weak in body but of sound mind and memory, mindful that she must die.

Interpretations

The Council could not release its chaplain on its own authority. The Court of Directors appointed him, and only the Court could replace him. The reply therefore did no more than show that the Council had passed his request on twice and had received no answer. Its closing praise was also a polite hint. The island had no other clergyman, and if Bearcroft left without a successor there would be no one to read the service, baptise, marry or bury. The Council's wish that he might stay was as much about the island's need as about his merit.

439

435

1773

say principally I give and recommend my soul into the hands of God that

gave it and my Body to its Mother Earth) to be decently Buried at

the descretion of my Executors herein after named) knowing I shall

receive the same again by the mighty power of God and as touching

my Worldly Estate I give and bequeath as follows Viz.

First I give and bequeath unto my Son Charles Desfountain

my dwelling House and Furniture he permitting my two daughters

Ruth Desfountain and Sarah Lake to dwell therein during their

lives, I also further give unto the said Charles Desfountain three of

my Servants named Pompy and Beck and George.

Secondly I give and bequeath unto my Grand daughter Elizabeth

Bazett one Woman Servant named Nanny.

Thirdly I give and bequeath unto my Grand daughter Elizth. Lake

one Woman Servant named Peg.

Fourthly I give unto my Children John Desfountain and Mary

Bazett, Ruth Desfountain and Sarah Lake the sum of four

pounds, that is to each of them twenty Shillings, to be paid as soon

as possible after my decease.

Fifthly I give unto my Servant Billy his freedom after the Death

of my son Charles he Billy serving my son Charles during his life.

Sixthly I give and bequeath unto my Grand daughter Molly Bazett

the child my servant Nanny is now big with.

Lastly I do hereby nominate constitute and appoint my Well beloved

Sons John Desfountain Charles Desfountain and John Bazett to be

Executors of this my last Will and Testament. And I do hereby revoke

disanull every and all former Will or Wills by me for me or in my

Name heretofore made, Ratifying and confirming this, and no other

to be my last Will and Testament in Witness whereof I have hereunto

set my hand & Seale this 24 Day of February in the thirteenth Year

of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the third by the Grace of

God of Great Britain, France and Ireland King Defender of the

Faith and so forth and in the Year of our Lord one Thousand

Elizabeth Desfountain commended her soul to God and asked to be decently buried at her executors' discretion, trusting that she would rise again by the power of God. She then disposed of her estate as follows.

She left her son Charles Desfountain her house and furniture, on condition that her two daughters, Ruth Desfountain and Sarah Lake, could live there for the rest of their lives. She also left Charles three of her slaves, named Pompey, Beck and George.

She left her granddaughter Elizabeth Bazett a slave woman named Nanny. She left her granddaughter Elizabeth Lake a slave woman named Peg.

She left £4 0s 0d among her children John Desfountain, Mary Bazett, Ruth Desfountain and Sarah Lake, 20s to each, to be paid as soon as possible after her death.

She granted her slave Billy his freedom after the death of her son Charles, on condition that Billy served Charles for the rest of Charles's life.

She left her granddaughter Molly Bazett the child with which her slave Nanny was then pregnant.

She appointed her sons John Desfountain and Charles Desfountain and her son-in-law John Bazett as her executors, and revoked all earlier wills. She signed and sealed the will on 24 February 1773, in the thirteenth year of the reign of George III.

Interpretations

Elizabeth Desfountain passed over the course of freeing Billy at her own death and tied his freedom to the death of her son instead. The clause gave Charles the use of Billy's labour for life while still holding out liberty as a reward. Billy's freedom therefore depended on how long his master lived, and he might grow old in service before it came, or die first. Deferred manumission of this kind let an owner provide for an heir and appease her own conscience at no cost to the estate.

The bequest to Molly Bazett shows how completely the law treated slaves as property. Nanny herself went to Elizabeth Bazett. Her unborn child was separated from her in the will before birth and given to another granddaughter. Such a clause could later divide mother and infant between two households. The will was signed on 24 February 1773, two days before Elizabeth Desfountain died, which suggests it was drawn up on her deathbed.

440

436

8th May

Seven hundred and Seventy three

Signed Sealed published

and declared in the Presence

of Us who have at her request

subscribed our Names as Witnesses

(signed)

John Shirley

Lach. Leslie

Thos. Yates

(signed)

Elizabeth her mark Desfountain

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

At a Consultation held on Saturday the 8th of May 1773 at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Govr.

Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Mattw. Parling

Mr. Mattw. Bazett of Counl.

The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated 3d. May

1773.

Elizabeth Desfountain made her mark on the will in place of a signature. She declared it to be her last will in the presence of three witnesses, John Shirley, Lauchlan Leslie and Thomas Yates, who signed at her request. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

The Council met at the Castle on Saturday 8 May 1773, with the same members present. It read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 3 May.

Interpretations

Elizabeth Desfountain could not write her name, or was too weak to do so on her deathbed, and signed with a mark. A will made by mark was fully valid, provided witnesses saw it made and could swear to it afterwards. That is why the Council admitted it to probate on the oaths of the witnesses. Two of them were officers of the garrison, Lieutenant John Shirley of the artillery and Lieutenant Lauchlan Leslie of the Second Company. The third, Thomas Yates, was the bombardier who also served as clerk of the church.

441

437

1773

Thursday the 6th Arrived the Fox's Boat at Bankses at four o'Clock in the

Afternoon

Do. Do. the Honble. Company's Ship Fox from China

(last from the Cape) and Brought Us the following Supply.

Invoice of Ship Fox

28 Chest of Sugar Candy

No., Tare lb, Gross lb

29: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 297

30: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 301

31: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 298

32: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 298

33: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 301

34: Tare lb 38, Gross lb 305

35: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 295

36: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 302

37: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 303

38: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 303

Tare lb 346, Gross lb 3003

49: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 301

50: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 300

51: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 299

52: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 300

53: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 299

54: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 297

55: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 303

56: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 296

Tare lb 266, Gross lb 2395

Tare lb 346, Gross lb 3003

Tare lb 358, Gross lb 3015

Tare lb 970, Gross lb 8413

Tare 970

No., Tare lb, Gross lb

39: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 299

40: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 303

41: Tare lb 37, Gross lb 303

42: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 301

43: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 300

44: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 300

45: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 300

46: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 302

47: Tare lb 37, Gross lb 302

48: Tare lb 38, Gross lb 305

Tare lb 358, Gross lb 3015

7443 lb Pecl. 55 . 82 @ Tal. 5 . 800 Tales 323 . 7 . 3 . 6

Errors Excepted

Canton 9 Jany. 1773

Alexd. Hume

Edward Phipps

Franc. Wood Junr.

Willm. Rous

Thos. Bevan

Wm. Harrison

Mattw. Raper Junr.

Jno. Bradby Blake

James Bradshaw

Wm. Henry Pigou

Geo. Rogers

The Fox's boat landed at Banks's at four o'clock in the afternoon on Thursday 6 May 1773. The Company's ship Fox arrived from China the same day, having called last at the Cape. She brought the island the following supplies.

The invoice of the Fox listed 28 chests of sugar candy, each with its tare and gross weight in pounds.

Chest 29, tare 31, gross 297

Chest 30, tare 34, gross 301

Chest 31, tare 34, gross 298

Chest 32, tare 34, gross 298

Chest 33, tare 34, gross 301

Chest 34, tare 38, gross 305

Chest 35, tare 34, gross 295

Chest 36, tare 35, gross 302

Chest 37, tare 36, gross 303

Chest 38, tare 36, gross 303

Chests 29 to 38, tare 346, gross 3,003

Chest 39, tare 36, gross 299

Chest 40, tare 35, gross 303

Chest 41, tare 37, gross 303

Chest 42, tare 36, gross 301

Chest 43, tare 36, gross 300

Chest 44, tare 34, gross 300

Chest 45, tare 34, gross 300

Chest 46, tare 35, gross 302

Chest 47, tare 37, gross 302

Chest 48, tare 38, gross 305

Chests 39 to 48, tare 358, gross 3,015

Chest 49, tare 33, gross 301

Chest 50, tare 36, gross 300

Chest 51, tare 34, gross 299

Chest 52, tare 33, gross 300

Chest 53, tare 33, gross 299

Chest 54, tare 31, gross 297

Chest 55, tare 35, gross 303

Chest 56, tare 31, gross 296

Chests 49 to 56, tare 266, gross 2,395

28 chests, tare 970 lb, gross 8,413 lb

Sugar candy, net 7,443 lb, equal to 55.82 piculs, at five taels and eight mace a picul, three hundred and twenty-three taels, seven mace, three candareens and six cash

The invoice was signed at Canton on 9 January 1773, with the usual reservation of errors, by Alexander Hume, Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior, William Rous, Thomas Bevan, William Harrison, Matthew Raper junior, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, William Henry Pigou and George Rogers.

442

438

8th May

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that

he has been onboard of the Ships Fox, Pigot, Earl of Lincoln and

Lord Camden to Muster their Companys, and enquire for

Deserters but found none, their Muster Rolls are as follows Viz.

Muster Roll of Ship Fox

David Mitchell Comdr.

John Blackburn 1 Mate

James Umston 2 Do.

Phillip Bruguin 3 Do.

Thos. Gale 4 Do.

Chris. Sampson 5 Do.

James Peck 6 Do.

Kenth. Murchison Surgeon

Thos. Beath Purser

John Speedwell Boatswn.

James Brown Gunner

Cuthbert Clifton Carpenter

Wm. Bradshaw Mid. & Coxn.

Alexd. Graham Midshipn.

Barnaby Boles Do.

Charles Innes Do.

John Rice Do.

Thos. Maxwell Do.

Saml. Moffett Surg. Mate

Patk. Conner Quartermaster

Joseph Peterkin Do.

Thos. Reed Do.

Lewis Davidson Do.

Danl. Norstead Do.

Willm. Gordon Do.

Willm. Hill Ship Steward

Danl. Morgan Capt. Do.

George Harden Caulker

Alexd. Lee Cooper

Willm. Phillips Armourer

John Pocock Sailmaker

Henry Sorel Carpr. 1 Mt.

Saml. Ulster Botsn. Do.

Thos. Mackintosh Do.

Robt. Swift Gunr. Do.

Geo. Holloway Caulk. Do.

Joshua Gill Coopers Do.

Wm. Dandridge Capt. Cook

John Steward Ships Do.

David Scott Butcher

John Rowley Poulterer

John Loggin Baker

Richd. Campbell Seaman

John Collins

Saml. Eaton

Ludlow Shields

Walter Rich

Joseph Bagland

George Russell

Willm. Loves

John Blanch

John Johnston

John Hillman

Partrick Reardon

Willm. Strong

Alexd. Gray

John Waldon

Willm. Bryon

Michal Platt

John Thorp

John Thomas

James Bean

James Willson

James Rotherford

Martin Brant

John Gasney

Willm. Morgeson

John Wheadon

Thos. Malivere

John Brown

Peter Marmel

John Crookshanks

James Morris

Thomas Barton

Peter Brown

Henry Brogdon

John James

James Radding

James Hymes

John Willard

Charles Mackerdy

John Allen

John Bouget

Michael Madden

John Scott

Isaack Beadell

John Dixon

Robt. Hasey

Willm. Stutley

Partrick Roney

Henry Tulock

Simon Sulivan

Charles Smith

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Fox, the Pigot, the Earl of Lincoln and the Lord Camden to muster their companies and search for deserters, and had found none. Their muster rolls were entered as follows.

The muster roll of the Fox began with these men.

David Mitchell, commander

John Blackburn, first mate

James Umston, second mate

Phillip Bruguis, third mate

Thomas Yale, fourth mate

Christopher Sampson, fifth mate

James Peck, sixth mate

Kenneth Murchison, surgeon

Thomas Beatt, purser

John Speedwell, boatswain

James Brown, gunner

Cuthbert Clifton, carpenter

William Bradshaw, midshipman and coxswain

Alexander Graham, midshipman

Barnaby Boles, midshipman

Charles Irvine, midshipman

John Rice, midshipman

Thomas Marmell, midshipman

Samuel Moffett, surgeon's mate

Patrick Conner, quartermaster

Joseph Peterkin, quartermaster

Thomas Reed, quartermaster

Lewis Davidson, quartermaster

Daniel Norstead, quartermaster

William Gordon, quartermaster

William Hill, ship's steward

Daniel Morgan, captain's steward

George Hardon, caulker

Alexander Low, cooper

William Phillips, armourer

John Pocock, sailmaker

Henry Sorel, carpenter's first mate

Samuel Usher, boatswain's mate

Thomas Mackintosh, boatswain's mate

Robert Swift, gunner's mate

George Holloway, caulker's mate

Joshua Gill, cooper's mate

William Dandridge, captain's cook

John Steward, ship's cook

David Scott, butcher

John Rowley, poulterer

John Loggin, baker

Richard Campbell, seaman

John Collins, seaman

Samuel Eaton, seaman

Ludlow Shields, seaman

Walter Rich, seaman

Joseph Bagland, seaman

George Russell, seaman

William Lowe, seaman

John Blanch, seaman

John Johnston, seaman

John Hillman, seaman

Patrick Reardon, seaman

William Strong, seaman

Alexander Gray, seaman

John Waldon, seaman

William Bryon, seaman

Michael Platt, seaman

John Thorp, seaman

John Thomas, seaman

James Bean, seaman

James Willson, seaman

James Rotherford, seaman

Martin Brant, seaman

John Gasney, seaman

William Morgeson, seaman

John Wheadon, seaman

Thomas Malivere, seaman

John Brown, seaman

Peter Marmel, seaman

John Crookshanks, seaman

James Morris, seaman

Thomas Barton, seaman

Peter Bowen, seaman

Henry Brogdon, seaman

John James, seaman

James Redding, seaman

James Hymes, seaman

John Willard, seaman

Charles Mackerdy, seaman

John Allen, seaman

John Bruges, seaman

Michael Madden, seaman

John Scott, seaman

Isaac Beadell, seaman

John Nixon, seaman

Robert Hasey, seaman

William Hoatley, seaman

Patrick Roney, seaman

Henry Tulock, seaman

Simon Sulivan, seaman

Charles Smith, seaman

443

439

1773

John Delay Seaman

Laurence Willson

Edward Curtis

John Dixson

Joseph Thrumpton

James Stewart Seaman

John Williams

Michal Williams

Thos. Johnston

Charles Lavender Seaman

Thomas Goldwell

Antonio Deluim

Fransisco

Gonie

(signed) David Mitchell

Muster Roll of Ship Pigot

Geo. Richardson Comdr.

James Waldie 1st Mate

Thos. Bullick 2 Do.

Danl. Stevenson 3 Do.

Isaack Baldwin 4 Do.

Peter Southward Surgeon

Geo. Ramsey Purser

Andrew Thompson Gunr.

Richd. Osgood Boatswain

Noble Rogers Capt. Stewd.

John Brander Midship.

Luke Jones Do.

Willm. Suffrail Do.

Henry King Caulker

John Comford Ships Cook

Wm. Davis Captn. Do.

John Innis Gunr. Mate

Willm. Wallis Quartermr.

John Reads Do.

Robt. Bettee Do.

John Curchill Do.

John Alexander Boat. Mte.

Thos. White Do.

Thos. Callo Carpr. Do.

Richd. Fletcher Caulk. Do.

Robert Young Seaman

Ralph Brown

Gunner Knowston

Robt. Roberts

Saml. Stoddard

James Landor Seaman

James Newman

Edward Fairly

Willm. Commerford

Andrew Scholbergh

Edward Ellison

Lawrance Hanson

Peter Wallance

Willm. Bultain

Saml. Mc. Anelly

Willm. Langrove

Saml. John

Michal Milton

John Waters

Robt. List

Willm. Garrett

Saml. Middleton

Thos. Warren

John Sundien

James Herrick

James Gray

Charles Munning

Willm. Hicks

Wm. Adnan

John Evans

Peter Butters

George Gratham

Willm. Willis

John Cliff

Robt. Hambleton

Willm. Hamble

Thos. Nicholas

Hamlet King

Richd. Elliot

John Doyle

John Barbes

Thos. Inman

John Birch

Willm. Holmes

John Lemon

Black Jack

Joseph Paradamacks

Willm. Hamlet

James Moony

Coffee Jack

Peter Pickle

Charles Dogetty

Robt. Taylor

Geo. Fairman

Thos. Yeaman

Willm. Breme

John Thompson

Charles Flannagan

Gerrit Jones

Dennis Demsey

George Benson

James Rogers

Willm. Smith

John Russell

Lareng Gedeng

The muster roll of the Fox closed with the following seamen.

John Delay, seaman

Laurence Willson, seaman

Edward Curtis, seaman

John Dixson, seaman

Joseph Shrimpton, seaman

James Stewart, seaman

John Williams, seaman

Michael Williams, seaman

Thomas Johnston, seaman

Charles Lavender, seaman

Thomas Goldwell, seaman

Antonio Deluum, seaman

Fransisco, seaman

Gorie, seaman

David Mitchell signed the roll as commander.

The muster roll of the Pigot began with these men.

George Richardson, commander

James Waldie, first mate

Thomas Bullock, second mate

Daniel Stevenson, third mate

Isaac Baldwin, fourth mate

Peter Southward, surgeon

George Ramsey, purser

Andrew Thompson, gunner

Richard Osgood, boatswain

Noble Rogers, captain's steward

John Brandes, midshipman

Luke Jones, midshipman

William Suffnail, midshipman

Henry King, caulker

John Comford, ship's cook

William Davis, captain's cook

John Innis, gunner's mate

William Walls, quartermaster

John Reads, quartermaster

Robert Bettee, quartermaster

John Curchill, quartermaster

John Alexander, boatswain's mate

Thomas White, boatswain's mate

Thomas Cattle, carpenter's mate

Richard Fletcher, caulker's mate

Robert Young, seaman

Ralph Brown, seaman

Gunner Knowlston, seaman

Robert Roberts, seaman

Samuel Stoddard, seaman

James Sanders, seaman

James Newman, seaman

Edward Fairly, seaman

William Commerford, seaman

Andrew Schalbergh, seaman

Edward Ellison, seaman

Lawrance Hanson, seaman

Peter Wallance, seaman

William Buttain, seaman

Samuel McAnelly, seaman

William Sangrove, seaman

Samuel John, seaman

Michael Melton, seaman

John Waters, seaman

Robert Lisk, seaman

William Garrett, seaman

Samuel Middleton, seaman

Thomas Warren, seaman

John Sundien, seaman

James Herrick, seaman

James Gray, seaman

Charles Munsing, seaman

William Hicks, seaman

William Adnam, seaman

John Evans, seaman

Peter Butters, seaman

George Gratham, seaman

William Willis, seaman

John Cliff, seaman

Robert Hambleton, seaman

William Hamble, seaman

Thomas Nicholas, seaman

Hamlet King, seaman

Richard Elliot, seaman

John Doyle, seaman

John Barber, seaman

Thomas Inman, seaman

John Birch, seaman

William Holmes, seaman

John Lemon, seaman

Black Jack, seaman

Joseph Paradamacks, seaman

William Hamlet, seaman

James Moony, seaman

Coffee Jack, seaman

Peter Pickle, seaman

Charles Drogelty, seaman

Robert Taylor, seaman

George Fairman, seaman

Thomas Yeaman, seaman

William Beane, seaman

John Thompson, seaman

Charles Flannagan, seaman

Gerrit Jones, seaman

Dennis Demsey, seaman

George Benson, seaman

James Rogers, seaman

William Smith, seaman

John Russell, seaman

Lareng Gedeng, seaman

Antonio, seaman

Interpretations

The Pigot's crew included men entered only as Black Jack and Coffee Jack. Names of this kind were usually given to African or West Indian seamen, whether free or enslaved, who were recorded without a surname. Indiamen often made up their crews in the East and at the Cape from whoever could be found, and the Bencoolen run in particular drew on a mixed company of Europeans, Africans and Asians. The muster at St Helena checked these men against the ship's roll like any other seaman. It ensured that no slave from the island slipped aboard under a similar name when the ship sailed.

444

440

8 May

Antonio Argento Seaman

Willm. Hungerell Seaman

Francis Young

Georg Birchmore Seaman

Passengers

Mr. James Stevenson

Lieut. Harriott

(signed)

Geo. Richardson

Muster Roll of Ship Earl Lincoln

Alexd. Tod Commander

John Bevan 1 Mate

James Tod 2 Do.

John Eastebrook 3 Do.

Allen Chatfield 4 Do.

Willm. Shey 5 Do.

James Douglas 6 Do.

John Laird Surgeon

Robt. Hambleton Purser

James Doll Surgeons Mate

Ephraim Hayes Boatswain

Archibald Boyd Gunner

Willm. Smallman Carpr.

Wm. Spens Midsp. & Coxsn.

Charles Moore Midship.

Wm. Balham Do.

John Crisp Captn. Steward

Charles Anderson Ships Do.

James Mc. Gee Captn. Cook

Alexd. Rennie Quart. Master

James Wood Do.

Robt. Ryburn Do.

David Short Do.

Matthew Addisley Caulker

Alexd. Frazer Cooper

Hugh Conway

John Smith Armourer

John Herbert Ships Cook

John Gibson Sailmaker

Wm. Weyland Carpr. 1 Mate

Richd. Hardey Do. 2 Do.

Andrew Lore Gunners Do.

John Ayres Coopers Do.

Wm. Olive Caulkers Do.

Michal Norton Poulterer

Willm. Sarrans Butcher

Geo. Hogg Boatswains Mate

John Greenfield Seaman

Thos. Barber

Thos. Harrison

James Ogilvie

Robt. Petches

James Williamson

Danl. Henesey

Peter Bustch

Peter Nundale

James Rule

James Scott

Thos. Gilmore

Thos. Lewis

John Francis

Robt. Conway

Willm. Mills Seaman

Malcolm Campbell

James Clevesey

John Severmore

John Benger

George Rever

Alexd. Matheson

Partrick Mc. Nelly

Richd. Bell

John Briscoe

Charles Biddle

Matthew Scanline

John Hickey

Thos. Welch

Linnis Fennel

James Mc. Kinnon

Willm. Hasnell

Antonio Parrade

Thos. Williams

Willm. Maine

Charles Lee

John Mc. Anully

Peter Lawrice

John Bostick

Abraham Davidson

Robt. Whitehead

The muster roll of the Pigot closed with the last of the seamen and the passengers.

Antonio Argento, seaman

William Hungerill, seaman

Francis Young, seaman

George Birchmore, seaman

James Stevenson, passenger

Lieutenant Harriott, passenger

George Richardson signed the roll as commander.

The muster roll of the Earl of Lincoln began with these men.

Alexander Tod, commander

John Bevan, first mate

James Tod, second mate

John Easlebrook, third mate

Allen Chatfield, fourth mate

William Shey, fifth mate

James Douglas, sixth mate

John Laird, surgeon

Robert Hambleton, purser

James Dott, surgeon's mate

Ephraim Mayes, boatswain

Archibald Boyd, gunner

William Smallman, carpenter

William Spens, midshipman and coxswain

Charles Moore, midshipman

William Balham, midshipman

John Crisp, captain's steward

Charles Anderson, ship's steward

James McGee, captain's cook

Alexander Rennie, quartermaster

James Wood, quartermaster

Robert Ryburn, quartermaster

David Short, quartermaster

Matthew Addesley, caulker

Alexander Frazer, cooper

Hugh Conway, [...]

John Smith, armourer

John Herbert, ship's cook

John Gibson, sailmaker

William Weyland, carpenter's first mate

Richard Hardy, carpenter's second mate

Andrew Love, gunner's mate

John Ayres, cooper's mate

William Olive, caulker's mate

Michael Norton, poulterer

William Lowrans, butcher

George Hogg, boatswain's mate

John Greenfield, seaman

Thomas Barber, seaman

Thomas Harrison, seaman

James Ogilvie, seaman

Robert Peebles, seaman

James Williamson, seaman

Daniel Henesey, seaman

Peter Bostock, seaman

Peter Nuendale, seaman

James Hule, seaman

James Scott, seaman

Thomas Gilmore, seaman

Thomas Lewis, seaman

John Francis, seaman

Robert Conway, seaman

William Mills, seaman

Malcolm Campbell, seaman

James Clevesey, seaman

John Sevemore, seaman

John Benger, seaman

George Rover, seaman

Alexander Matheson, seaman

Patrick McNelly, seaman

Richard Bell, seaman

John Briscoe, seaman

Charles Biddle, seaman

Matthew Sanderline, seaman

John Hickey, seaman

Thomas Welch, seaman

Dennis Fennel, seaman

James McKennon, seaman

William Haswell, seaman

Antonio Parado, seaman

Thomas Williams, seaman

William Maine, seaman

Charles Lee, seaman

John McAnulty, seaman

Peter Lawrie, seaman

John Bostick, seaman

Abraham Davidson, seaman

Robert Whitehead, seaman

Interpretations

The Earl of Lincoln's second mate, James Tod, shared the surname of her commander, Alexander Tod, as the Havannah's chief mate had shared Captain John White's. A berth as mate on a kinsman's ship was the usual way a young man learned the Company's trade and earned the right to a command of his own.

445

441

1773

Thomas Skully Seaman

Phillip Staine

Cornelius Holman

Thos. Morris

John Charles

Edward Hall

Willm. Cornforth

Thos. Clark

Fran. Stillingford Seaman

Willm. Foster

John Robinson

Robt. Drummond

Antonio Joseph

Antonio Reymondo

Willm. Littleboy

John Irvin Seaman

James Bruce

Laurence Errington

James Jameson

Willm. Sibley

Willm. Field

James Potts

Thos. Burrus

(signed)

Alexd. Tod.

Muster Roll of Ship Lord Camden

John Reddall Commandr.

Job. Strong 1 Mate

Nath. Dance 2 Do.

George Merriman 3 Do.

Geo. Stevens 4 Do.

Willm. Cooper 5 Do.

Nich. Carnegie 6 Do.

John Davidson Surgeon

Robt. Scott Purser

Geo. Leslie Surgeons Mate

Chris. Pennycook Boatswain

Willm. Hill Gunner

James Griffin Carpenter

Wm. Edmonds Ships Steward

Benn. Collisell Capt. Do.

Thos. Huxley Midship. & Coxn.

Willm. Smith Midshipman

John Dennis Do.

Walt. Tincold Do.

Nich. Cagrain Caulker

John Clemmons Armourer

Jos. Blood Sailmaker

Wm. Earnest Ships Cook

John Roberts Capt. Do.

Charles Brockley Boat. 1 Mt.

Martin Allen Do. 2 Do.

Alexd. Read Gunners Do.

Thos. Smith Carpr. 1 Do.

Thos. Anderson Do. 2 Do.

Thos. Tyack Caulk. Do.

Richd. Nangle Baker

Martin Andrews Butcher

John Wright Quartermaster

Willm. Nealson Do.

James Hedman Do.

James Hutchenson Do.

John Cook Seaman

Hugh Reamie

Matthew Clark

Richd. Teed

Herbt. Crane

Abraham O. Jones

John Crook

John Yettis

Saml. Johnson

Lucas Famatra

Wm. Lustaff

Saml. Tunbury

Robt. Harding Seaman

Martin Ingram

Willm. Dean

Matthew Curtis

James Connely

James Sever

Willm. Smith

Benj. Crane

Benn. Leaver

Thos. Eccles

Mc. Tindell

James Landy

Mc. Williams

Wm. Clark

Thos. Clemmons

Jos. Griffiths

Mc. Balls

Peter Mc. Domin

Willm. Geard

Wm. Powers

Willm. Pearson

John Lewise

James Ruggles

Nathl. Scott

The muster roll of the Earl of Lincoln closed with the following seamen.

Thomas Skully, seaman

Phillip Staine, seaman

Cornelius Helinan, seaman

Thomas Morris, seaman

John Charles, seaman

Edward Hall, seaman

William Cornforth, seaman

Thomas Clark, seaman

Francis Stullingford, seaman

William Foster, seaman

John Robinson, seaman

Robert Drummond, seaman

Antonio Joseph, seaman

Antonio Reymundo, seaman

William Littleboy, seaman

John Irvin, seaman

James Bruce, seaman

Laurence Errington, seaman

James Jameson, seaman

William Sibley, seaman

William Field, seaman

James Potts, seaman

Thomas Burrus, seaman

Alexander Tod signed the roll as commander.

The muster roll of the Lord Camden began with these men.

John Reddall, commander

Job Strong, first mate

Nathaniel Dance, second mate

George Merriman, third mate

George Stevens, fourth mate

William Cooper, fifth mate

Nicholas Carnegie, sixth mate

John Davidson, surgeon

Robert Scott, purser

George Leslie, surgeon's mate

Christopher Pennyrock, boatswain

William Hill, gunner

James Griffin, carpenter

William Edmonds, ship's steward

Benjamin Colliswell, captain's steward

Thomas Huxley, midshipman and coxswain

William Smith, midshipman

John Dennis, midshipman

Walter Tincold, midshipman

Nicholas Cagroin, caulker

John Clemmons, armourer

Joseph Blood, sailmaker

William Earnest, ship's cook

John Roberts, captain's cook

Charles Brookley, boatswain's first mate

Martin Allen, boatswain's second mate

Alexander Read, gunner's mate

Thomas Smith, carpenter's first mate

Thomas Anderson, carpenter's second mate

Thomas Tyack, caulker's mate

Richard Nangle, baker

Martin Anderson, butcher

John Wright, quartermaster

William Nealson, quartermaster

James Hedman, quartermaster

James Hutchinson, quartermaster

John Cook, seaman

Hugh Rennie, seaman

Matthew Clark, seaman

Richard Teed, seaman

Robert Crane, seaman

Abraham O'Jones, seaman

John Crook, seaman

John Pettis, seaman

Samuel Johnson, seaman

Lucas Famstra, seaman

William Lustoff, seaman

Samuel Tunbury, seaman

Robert Harding, seaman

Martin Ingram, seaman

William Dean, seaman

Matthew Curtis, seaman

James Connely, seaman

James Sever, seaman

William Smith, seaman

Benjamin Crane, seaman

Benjamin Leaves, seaman

Thomas Eccles, seaman

M Tisdell, seaman

James Sandy, seaman

M Williams, seaman

William Ward, seaman

Thomas Clemmons, seaman

Joseph Griffiths, seaman

M Balls, seaman

Peter McDomin, seaman

William Geard, seaman

William Sowers, seaman

William Pearson, seaman

John Lewer, seaman

James Ruggles, seaman

Nathaniel Pott, seaman

Interpretations

The second mate of the Lord Camden, Nathaniel Dance, went on to command Company ships himself. In 1804, as commodore of the homeward China fleet, he bluffed a French squadron into retreat off Pulo Aura without losing a single merchantman, and was knighted for it. At St Helena in 1773 he was still a junior officer making his way up through the mates' berths.

446

442

8th May

Adam High Seaman

Wm. Mc. Guyan

Robert Walters

Robt. Thompson

James Cullam

Thos. Gillas

Mc. Rugner

James Bayant

Mc. Antony

Fran. Hardwick

Joseph Farrer Seaman

John Bridges

Robert Riventon

David Hepburn

Stephen Westwood

Robt. Sims

Willm. Pennycook

Mc. Savatier

Chris. Banks

Richd. Harding

John Turk

George Hooper Seaman

Edward Price

Martin Pleasure

Willm. Goodman

Joseph Relph

Fredk. Franrougas

Thos. Thompson

Andw. Luff

Andw. Johnston

Thos. Hardy

(signed)

Jno. Reddall

The Store keeper this day delivered the following Account of Stores

short received from Ship Fox.

Account of Stores Short received from Ship

Fox Viz.

Cs. qrs. lb

1 . 3 . 0 Candy Short weight occasioned by Wastage

the Boxes being in good order.

St. Helena

May the 8th 1773

(signed)

Jonathan Doveton

Storekeeper

We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of

Exchange drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors Viz.

One Set to Captain Alexd. Tod for Six hundred

Pounds payable to himself (or Order)

One Set to Mr. Britann. Wright for two hundred

Pounds payable to Mr. Jeremiah Smith (or order)

The muster roll of the Lord Camden closed with the following seamen.

Adam High, seaman

William McGuyan, seaman

Robert Walters, seaman

Robert Thompson, seaman

James Cullam, seaman

Thomas Gillas, seaman

M Reigner, seaman

James Bayant, seaman

M Antony, seaman

Francis Hardwick, seaman

Joseph Farret, seaman

John Bridges, seaman

Robert Revinton, seaman

David Hepburn, seaman

Stephen Westwood, seaman

Robert Sims, seaman

William Pennycook, seaman

M Saratee, seaman

Christopher Banks, seaman

Richard Harding, seaman

John Turk, seaman

George Hooper, seaman

Edward Price, seaman

Martin Pleasure, seaman

William Goodman, seaman

Joseph Ralph, seaman

Frederick Francoingas, seaman

Thomas Thompson, seaman

Andrew Luff, seaman

Andrew Johnston, seaman

Thomas Hardy, seaman

John Reddall signed the roll as commander.

The storekeeper delivered the following account of stores received short from the Fox.

Sugar candy, short weight from wastage, the boxes being in good order, 1 cwt 3 qr 0 lb

Jonathan Doveton signed the account as storekeeper at St Helena on 8 May 1773.

The Council granted the following sets of bills of exchange on the Court of Directors. One set went to Captain Alexander Tod for £600 0s 0d, payable to himself or his order. Another went to Britannicus Wright for £200 0s 0d, payable to Jeremiah Smith or his order.

Interpretations

Britannicus Wright, the Council's own secretary, remitted £200 0s 0d to Jeremiah Smith in London. That was more than two years of his salary as secretary. The sum suggests that Wright, like other Company servants on the island, added to his income through private trade or lending, and used the homeward season to send his savings home by bill rather than risk coin at sea.

447

443

1773

One Set to Mr. William Wrangham for one hundred

Pounds payable to Captain Alexander Tod (or Order)

And One Set to Captain George Richardson for three

thousand Pounds payable to himself (or Order) all drawn at Ninety

days Sight.

Bought on Account of the Honble. Company of Captain

George Richardson two hundred Cape Sheep of Captain Alexd. Tod

Eighty Cape Sheep and of Captain David Mitchell hundred and twenty

Cape Sheep fifty four Bushells Wheat and some Garden Seeds as p the

following Bills for the Payment whereof we have given them Certificate

Worshipful Governor and Council Dr.

To Captn. Geo. Richardson

To 200 Cape Sheep @ 15/

£ 150 -

Receivd. by Certificate on the

Honble. Company

for Captn. George Richardson

(signed)

Geo. Ramsey

St. Helena

8th May 1773

The Honble. East India Company Dr.

To Captain Alexd. Tod.

To 80 Sheep at 15 Shilling p Sheep

£ 60 -

E. E. and Contents Received

(signed)

Alexd. Tod.

The Honble. East India Company Dr.

To Captain David Mitchell

To 54 Bushels Wheat

Rix Dollars 54

9 Casks, Cooleyhire &c.

20

2 Baskets of Garden Seeds

13 . 2

Rix Dollars 87 . 2 Shills.

The Council also granted one set of bills to William Wrangham for £100 0s 0d, payable to Captain Alexander Tod or his order, and one set to Captain George Richardson for £3,000 0s 0d, payable to himself or his order. All the bills were drawn at 90 days' sight.

The Council bought the following on the Company's account and paid for them by certificate: 200 Cape sheep from Captain George Richardson, 80 Cape sheep from Captain Alexander Tod, and 120 Cape sheep, 54 bushels of wheat and some garden seeds from Captain David Mitchell. Their bills were entered as follows.

Captain George Richardson, Cape sheep, 200 at 15s, £150 0s 0d

George Ramsey signed for receipt of the certificate on Captain Richardson's behalf at St Helena on 8 May 1773.

Captain Alexander Tod, sheep, 80 at 15s, £60 0s 0d

Alexander Tod signed for receipt of the full amount, reserving any errors.

Captain David Mitchell, wheat, 54 bushels, fifty-four rix-dollars

Captain David Mitchell, casks 9, porters' hire and other charges, twenty rix-dollars

Captain David Mitchell, garden seeds, 2 baskets, thirteen rix-dollars and two schellings

Captain David Mitchell, subtotal, eighty-seven rix-dollars and two schellings

Interpretations

The Council paid Captain Richardson the full contract price of 15s a head for all 200 sheep. On 3 May it had found that they were landed in bad condition and that eight had already died, yet it still issued the certificate for the whole number. This was the course it had chosen then: pay in the usual way and refer the dispute to the Company. The certificate was settled in London, where the Court could decide whether to deduct anything from what Richardson was owed.

Captain Richardson's bill for £3,000 0s 0d was by far the largest remittance of the season. The Pigot came from Bencoolen, where commanders and officers traded privately in pepper, opium and cloth. The sum probably represented the proceeds of Richardson's private trade, sold on the island or earlier on the voyage, sent home safely through the Company's treasury rather than carried as coin.

448

444

8th May

Exchanged at 4 Shillings p Rix Dollar

£ 17 . 9

8 p Cent

£ 1 . 7

£ 18 . 16

To 120 Live Sheep at 15/

£ 90 -

108 . 16

St. Helena

8th May 1773

Errors Excepted & Contents Received

for Captn. David Mitchell

(signed)

Thos. Beatt

The following is a Bill from Captain George Richardson for the

Passage of a Slave Man belonging to the Honble. Company brought

by him from Bencoolen.

The Honble. East India Company

To the Owners of the Pigot Dr.

To Expence of a Coffrey Slave on Board from the

5th of June 1772 to the 8th May 1773 is 11 Mo. 3 Days

@ 10 p Day

£ 14 . 0 . 10

St. Helena

8th May 1773

Received for Owners of the Pigot

Being in want of a Long Boat and Yawl for the use

of the Honble. Company, and Captain Mitchell having a very good

Long Boat to dispose of we purchased it for forty Pounds and a Yawl from

Captain Richardson for Six pounds.

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

The bill of Captain David Mitchell closed as follows.

Captain David Mitchell, subtotal exchanged at 4s a rix-dollar, £17 9s 0d

Captain David Mitchell, advance of 8%, £1 7s 0d

Captain David Mitchell, wheat, casks and seeds, total, £18 16s 0d

Captain David Mitchell, live sheep, 120 at 15s, £90 0s 0d

Captain David Mitchell, bill, total, £108 16s 0d

Thomas Beatt signed for receipt of the full amount on Captain Mitchell's behalf at St Helena on 8 May 1773, reserving any errors.

Captain George Richardson presented a bill from the owners of the Pigot for the passage of a slave man belonging to the Company, whom he had brought from Bencoolen.

Keep of an African slave, described as a Coffree, on board from 5 June 1772 to 8 May 1773, 11 months 3 days at 10d a day, £14 0s 10d

The bill was receipted at St Helena on 8 May 1773 for the owners of the Pigot.

The Company needed a longboat and a yawl. Captain Mitchell had a very good longboat to sell, and the Council bought it for £40 0s 0d. It bought a yawl from Captain Richardson for £6 0s 0d. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The bill from the Pigot's owners shows the Company moving its own slaves between its settlements in the East and St Helena. "Coffree" was the term the Company used for Africans from the Mozambique coast and Madagascar, bought in the Indian Ocean trade. The man had been held aboard for over eleven months, from Bencoolen by way of the Cape. The owners charged for his keep at 10d a day, exactly a private soldier's pay. The Company, not the ship, met the cost of his food. The charge was made out to the Company as owner, in the same form as freight on any other cargo.

The longboat and yawl bought from the departing commanders replaced boats worn out in the heavy season's work in the roads. A homeward ship near the end of her voyage could spare a boat, and selling it on the island turned surplus gear into cash for the commander. It gave the island a sound boat at once, far sooner and more cheaply than building one from imported timber.

449

445

10th May

At a Consultation held on Monday the 10th Day of May 1773

at the Castle

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Daniel Corneille Esqr. Lt. Govr.

Mr. Matthew Parling

Mr. Matthew Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read approved and signed dated the 8th May 1773

Yesterday Arrived the Norfolk's Boat at Bankses at Eight o'Clock in

the Morning.

Do. Do. the Honble. Company's Ship Norfolk from China

Do. Do. the Nassau's Boat at Bankses at nine o'Clock in

the Morning

Do. Do. the Honble. Company's Ships Nassau from Madrass

(last from the Cape)

Do. Do. the Anson's Boat at Bankses at two o'Clock in the

Afternoon

Do. Do. the Honble. Company's Ship Anson from China (last from the Cape)

Do. Do. the Earl of Ashburnham's Boat at Bankses at five

o'Clock in the Afternoon

Do. Do. the Honble. Company's Ship Earl of Ashburnham from

China (last from the Cape)

Last Night Sailed the Honble. Company's Ship Fox for England

This day Sailed the Honble. Company's Ships Pigot, Earl of Lincoln

and Lord Camden for England.

The Ships Nassau and Norfolk brought us the following Supply's Viz.

Invoice of Ship Nassau

Rice 33 Bags No. 42 . 2 . - Mounds 206⅔ @ 55 p Garce

28 . 14 . 14

Paddy 33 Bags 34 . 4 . 230 @ 30 p Do.

18 . 27 -

Battavia Arrack 2 Liggrs. of 300 Gallons @ Ps. 48 p Leager

96 - . -

143 . 5 . 14

Charges Merchandize

Tin Plate Nails & for Arrack &c.

9

Cooley hire

9

Boat hire

27

Tarpaulin hire

8

1 . 17

Pagodas 144 . 22 . 14

E. Excepted

Geo. Moubray Accot.

The Council met at the Castle on Monday 10 May 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 8 May.

Four of the Company's ships arrived on Sunday 9 May, each sending a boat ahead to Banks's:

Norfolk, from China, boat landed at eight in the morning

Nassau, from Madras by way of the Cape, boat landed at nine in the morning

Anson, from China by way of the Cape, boat landed at two in the afternoon

Earl of Ashburnham, from China by way of the Cape, boat landed at five in the afternoon

The Fox sailed for England on the night of 9 May. The Pigot, the Earl of Lincoln and the Lord Camden sailed for England on 10 May.

The Nassau and the Norfolk brought the island the following supplies. The invoice of the Nassau was set out in the money of Madras.

Rice, 33 bags, 42 cwt 2 qr [...], 266½ marcals at fifty-five pagodas a garce, twenty-eight pagodas, fourteen fanams and fourteen cash

Paddy, 33 bags, 34 cwt [...], 230 marcals at thirty pagodas a garce, eighteen pagodas and twenty-seven fanams

Batavia arrack, 2 leaguers holding 300 gallons, at forty-eight pagodas a leaguer, ninety-six pagodas

Goods, total, one hundred and forty-three pagodas, five fanams and fourteen cash

Tin plate and nails for the arrack casks, nine fanams

Porters' hire, nine fanams

Boat hire, twenty-seven fanams

Tarpaulin hire, eight fanams

Charges on merchandise, total, one pagoda and seventeen fanams

Invoice, total, one hundred and forty-four pagodas, twenty-two fanams and fourteen cash

[...] Moubray signed the invoice as accountant, reserving any errors it might contain.

Interpretations

The Nassau's rice cost fifty-five pagodas a garce, far above the thirty-odd paid for the rice in the Nottingham's invoice from Madras in February. The sharp rise points to a poor harvest or a scarcity on the Coromandel coast in late 1772. The Batavia arrack, at forty-eight pagodas a leaguer, also cost more than the thirty-eight paid for Pulicat arrack in the same earlier invoice. Batavia arrack was the stronger and more highly prized spirit, and the price reflected its quality.

450

446

10th May

Invoice of Ship Norfolk

24 Chest of Sugar Candy

No., Tare lb, Gross lb

57: Tare lb 32, Gross lb 297

58: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 297

59: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 296

60: Tare lb 38, Gross lb 303

61: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 298

62: Tare lb 32, Gross lb 298

63: Tare lb 32, Gross lb 295

64: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 297

65: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 301

66: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 293

Tare lb 332, Gross lb 2975

77: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 301

78: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 303

79: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 300

80: Tare lb 38, Gross lb 309

Tare lb 141, Gross lb 1213

Tare lb 332, Gross lb 2975

Tare lb 342, Gross lb 2986

Tare lb 815, Gross lb 7174

Tare 815

No., Tare lb, Gross lb

67: Tare lb 30, Gross lb 296

68: Tare lb 38, Gross lb 298

69: Tare lb 33, Gross lb 299

70: Tare lb 38, Gross lb 309

71: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 301

72: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 301

73: Tare lb 37, Gross lb 296

74: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 297

75: Tare lb 36, Gross lb 302

76: Tare lb 30, Gross lb 293

Tare lb 342, Gross lb 2986

6359 Pecl. 47 . 69 @ Tal. 5 . 800 Tales 276 . 6 . 0 . 2

4 Chests Superfine Do.

No., Tare lb, Gross lb

81: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 295

82: Tare lb 34, Gross lb 294

83: Tare lb 31, Gross lb 295

84: Tare lb 35, Gross lb 284

Tare lb 135, Gross lb 1168

Tare 135

1033 Pecl. 7 . 74 @ 9 . 500

73 . 5 . 3 . 4

Tal. 350 . 1 . 3 . 6

Errors Excepted

(signed)

Alexd. Hume

Edward Phipps

Fran. Wood Junr.

Willm. Rous

Wm. Harrison

Mattw. Raper

Jno. Bradby Blake

James Bradshaw

Wm. Henry Pigou

Geo. Rogers

The Expence of Artillery Stores and Stewards Accounts

for the Month of April last were this day laid before Us which where

examined, approved of, and are as follows Viz.

The invoice of the Norfolk listed 24 chests of sugar candy and 4 chests of superfine sugar candy, each with its tare and gross weight in pounds.

Sugar candy, chest 57, tare 32, gross 297

Sugar candy, chest 58, tare 34, gross 297

Sugar candy, chest 59, tare 31, gross 296

Sugar candy, chest 60, tare 38, gross 303

Sugar candy, chest 61, tare 34, gross 298

Sugar candy, chest 62, tare 32, gross 298

Sugar candy, chest 63, tare 32, gross 295

Sugar candy, chest 64, tare 34, gross 297

Sugar candy, chest 65, tare 34, gross 301

Sugar candy, chest 66, tare 31, gross 293

Sugar candy, chests 57 to 66, tare 332, gross 2,975

Sugar candy, chest 67, tare 30, gross 296

Sugar candy, chest 68, tare 38, gross 298

Sugar candy, chest 69, tare 33, gross 299

Sugar candy, chest 70, tare 38, gross 309

Sugar candy, chest 71, tare 35, gross 301

Sugar candy, chest 72, tare 36, gross 301

Sugar candy, chest 73, tare 37, gross 296

Sugar candy, chest 74, tare 34, gross 297

Sugar candy, chest 75, tare 36, gross 302

Sugar candy, chest 76, tare 30, gross 293

Sugar candy, chests 67 to 76, tare 342, gross 2,986

Sugar candy, chest 77, tare 34, gross 301

Sugar candy, chest 78, tare 36, gross 303

Sugar candy, chest 79, tare 33, gross 300

Sugar candy, chest 80, tare 38, gross 309

Sugar candy, chests 77 to 80, tare 141, gross 1,213

Sugar candy, 24 chests, tare 815 lb, gross 7,174 lb

Sugar candy, net 6,359 lb, equal to 47.69 piculs, at five taels and eight mace a picul, two hundred and seventy-six taels, six mace and two cash

Superfine sugar candy, chest 81, tare 35, gross 295

Superfine sugar candy, chest 82, tare 34, gross 294

Superfine sugar candy, chest 83, tare 31, gross 295

Superfine sugar candy, chest 84, tare 35, gross 284

Superfine sugar candy, 4 chests, tare 135 lb, gross 1,168 lb

Superfine sugar candy, net 1,033 lb, equal to 7.74 piculs, at nine taels and five mace a picul, seventy-three taels, five mace, three candareens and four cash

Invoice, total, three hundred and fifty taels, one mace, three candareens and six cash

The invoice was signed, with the usual reservation of errors, by Alexander Hume, Edward Phipps, Francis Wood junior, William Rous, William Harrison, Matthew Raper, John Bradby Blake, James Bradshaw, William Henry Pigou and George Rogers.

The accounts of artillery stores and of the steward for April were laid before the Council, which examined and approved them. They were entered as follows.

Interpretations

The superfine sugar candy cost nine taels and five mace a picul, well over half as much again as the ordinary grade at five taels and eight mace. It was the clearest, whitest crystal, refined further at Canton. The small quantity of four chests suggests it was meant for the Governor's table and the dispensary, where the purest sugar was used to sweeten medicines.

451

447

1773

Artillery Stores Expended in April 1773.

Guns fired, 9 Pounders, 6 Pounders, 4 Pounders, 3 Pounders, Gun Powder Pounds, Gun Powder oz

7 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Pounders 0, 4 Pounders 4, 3 Pounders 2, Gun Powder Pounds 14, Gun Powder oz 8

Arrived the Greenwich: Guns fired 9, 9 Pounders 4, 6 Pounders 5, 4 Pounders 0, 3 Pounders 0, Gun Powder Pounds 13, Gun Powder oz 8

9 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Pounders 0, 4 Pounders 4, 3 Pounders 2, Gun Powder Pounds 14, Gun Powder oz 8

Arrived the Duke of Cumberland: Guns fired 9, 9 Pounders 4, 6 Pounders 5, 4 Pounders 0, 3 Pounders 0, Gun Powder Pounds 13, Gun Powder oz 8

11 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Pounders 0, 4 Pounders 4, 3 Pounders 2, Gun Powder Pounds 14, Gun Powder oz 8

Arrived the Royal Captain: Guns fired 9, 9 Pounders 4, 6 Pounders 5, 4 Pounders 0, 3 Pounders 0, Gun Powder Pounds 13, Gun Powder oz 8

14 Departed the Duke of Cumberland: Guns fired 9, 9 Pounders 4, 6 Pounders 5, 4 Pounders 0, 3 Pounders 0, Gun Powder Pounds 13, Gun Powder oz 8

18 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Pounders 0, 4 Pounders 4, 3 Pounders 2, Gun Powder Pounds 14, Gun Powder oz 8

19th Arrived the Pigot: Guns fired 9, 9 Pounders 4, 6 Pounders 5, 4 Pounders 0, 3 Pounders 0, Gun Powder Pounds 13, Gun Powder oz 8

Departed the Greenwich: Guns fired 9, 9 Pounders 4, 6 Pounders 5, 4 Pounders 0, 3 Pounders 0, Gun Powder Pounds 13, Gun Powder oz 8

21 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Pounders 0, 4 Pounders 4, 3 Pounders 2, Gun Powder Pounds 14, Gun Powder oz 8

Arrived the Lioness: Guns fired 9, 9 Pounders 4, 6 Pounders 5, 4 Pounders 0, 3 Pounders 0, Gun Powder Pounds 13, Gun Powder oz 8

23 An Alarm for six Ships passed by: Guns fired 15, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Pounders 0, 4 Pounders 12, 3 Pounders 3, Gun Powder Pounds 30, Gun Powder oz 8

29 Departed the Royal Captain: Guns fired 9, 9 Pounders 4, 6 Pounders 5, 4 Pounders 0, 3 Pounders 0, Gun Powder Pounds 13, Gun Powder oz 8

30 An Alarm: Guns fired 6, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Pounders 0, 4 Pounders 4, 3 Pounders 2, Gun Powder Pounds 14, Gun Powder oz 8

Powder for Sundry Services: Guns fired 0, 9 Pounders 0, 6 Pounders 0, 4 Pounders 0, 3 Pounders 0, Gun Powder Pounds 167, Gun Powder oz 12

Total: Guns fired 123, 9 Pounders 32, 6 Pounders 40, 4 Pounders 36, 3 Pounders 15, Gun Powder Pounds 393, Gun Powder oz 4

Tallow for different Uses

lb 18

Match

13

Junk

550

Tompeons 24 Pdrs.

1 No.

Do. 6 Do.

2

Vinegar

1 Gallon

Bitts 6 Pdrs.

2 No.

Paper

4 Quires

Copper Clouts

4 No.

(signed)

James Tippet Captn.

of Artillery

The artillery stores used in April 1773 were as follows.

7 April, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

7 April, arrival of the Greenwich: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

9 April, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

9 April, arrival of the Duke of Cumberland: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

11 April, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

11 April, arrival of the Royal Captain: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

14 April, departure of the Duke of Cumberland: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

18 April, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

19 April, arrival of the Pigot: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

19 April, departure of the Greenwich: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

21 April, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

21 April, arrival of the Lioness: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

23 April, alarm for six ships passing: 15 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 12 four-pounders, 3 three-pounders, 30 lb 8 oz of powder

29 April, departure of the Royal Captain: 9 guns fired, 4 nine-pounders, 5 six-pounders, 0 four-pounders, 0 three-pounders, 13 lb 8 oz of powder

30 April, alarm: 6 guns fired, 0 nine-pounders, 0 six-pounders, 4 four-pounders, 2 three-pounders, 14 lb 8 oz of powder

Powder for various services, 167 lb 12 oz

Total: 123 guns fired, 32 nine-pounders, 40 six-pounders, 36 four-pounders, 15 three-pounders, 393 lb 4 oz of powder

Tallow for various uses, 18 lb

Match, 13 lb

Junk, 550 lb

Tompions for 24-pounders, 1

Tompions for 6-pounders, 2

Vinegar, 1 gallon

Bills for 6-pounders, 2

Paper, 4 quires

Copper clouts, 4

James Tippet signed the account as captain of artillery.

Interpretations

A tompion was a wooden plug fitted into the muzzle of a gun to keep out rain, spray and dirt between firings. On batteries exposed to salt air above the roads, a missing tompion soon meant a rusted bore. Copper clouts were thin plates nailed onto the wooden axletrees of gun carriages where the wheels turned, to stop the wood wearing away. The vinegar was mixed with water to sponge and cool the guns, a common practice in long salutes. The 550 lb of junk shows how much old rope was teased into wadding during a month of almost daily firing.

452

448

10th May

Sundry's Expended at the Honble. Company's Table

in April 1773

80 Bottles Madeira

8 - . -

11 Do. Port

16 . 6

21 Do. Lisbon

1 . 11 . 6

13 Do. Mountain

19 . 6

55 Do. Beer

10 . 3½

17½ Gallons Arrack

2 . 12 . 6

20 lb Beef

5 -

323 Mutton

6 . 14 . 7

6 Turkeys

1 . 10 -

5 Fowls

7 . 6

4 Ducks

6

51 lb Candy

1 . 5 . 6

574 Flour

4 . 15 . 8

2 Pigs

10 -

Bought for the Table

168 lb Beef

3 . 10 -

7 Turkeys

1 . 15 -

30 Fowll

2 . 5 -

15 Ducks

1 . 2 . 6

2 Geese

10 -

7 Pigs

1 . 15 -

£ 41 . 2 . - ¾

We this day Granted the following Sets of Bills of Exchange

drawn upon the Honble. the Court of Directors Viz.

One Set to Lieutenant James Greentree for thirty six

Pounds fourteen Shillings payable to Captain David Mitchell

(or Order)

And one set to Captain John Reddall for five hundred pounds

eight Shillings and elevenpence payable to himself (or order) both drawn at ninety

days Sight.

The Executors and Executrix to the last Will and Testament of

Mr. James Greentree Deceased, this day produced the said Will desiring the

same might be proved, which was accordingly done upon the Oaths of the

Witnesses thereto the Will is as follows Viz.

The provisions consumed at the Company's table in April 1773 were as follows.

Madeira, 80 bottles, £8 0s 0d

Port, 11 bottles, £0 16s 6d

Lisbon wine, 21 bottles, £1 11s 6d

Mountain wine, 13 bottles, £0 19s 6d

Beer, 55 bottles, £0 10s 3½d

Arrack, 17½ gallons, £2 12s 6d

Beef, 20 lb, £0 5s 0d

Mutton, 323 lb, £6 14s 7d

Turkeys, 6, £1 10s 0d

Fowls, 5, £0 7s 6d

Ducks, 4, £0 6s 0d

Sugar candy, 51 lb, £1 5s 6d

Flour, 574 lb, £4 15s 8d

Pigs, 2, £0 10s 0d

Beef bought for the table, 168 lb, £3 10s 0d

Turkeys bought for the table, 7, £1 15s 0d

Fowls bought for the table, 30, £2 5s 0d

Ducks bought for the table, 15, £1 2s 6d

Geese bought for the table, 2, £0 10s 0d

Pigs bought for the table, 7, £1 15s 0d

Total, £41 2s 0½d

The Council granted two sets of bills of exchange on the Court of Directors, both payable at 90 days' sight. One set went to Lieutenant James Greentree for £36 14s 0d, payable to Captain David Mitchell or his order. The other went to Captain John Reddall for £500 8s 11d, payable to himself or his order.

The executors and executrix of James Greentree, who had died on 15 April 1773, presented his will to the Council and asked for it to be proved. The witnesses swore to it on oath, and the Council admitted it to probate. The will was entered as follows.

Interpretations

The table cost £41 2s 0½d in April, close to the £39 0s 8½d of March. The two busiest months of the homeward season kept the Company's hospitality at its height. Eighty bottles of Madeira were drunk in the month, more than in any month since the record began in October 1772, as commanders and passengers from nine ships were dined at the Castle. Mutton had replaced beef as the main meat on the table, supplied by the Cape sheep bought from the ships.

453

449

1773

In the Name of God Amen

I, James Greentree of the Island St. Helena Gentleman, being of

sound Mind and Memory (blessed be God) At this third day of November,

in the tenth Year of the Reign of George the third and in the Year of our

Lord one thousand seven hundred and sixty Nine, Make and publish

this my last Will and Testamentent in Manner and form following.

(that is to say)

First, I give unto my loving Wife Margaret Greentree a third

Part of all my moveable Estate, such as Cash, Horses Cattle, Hogs, Sheep

Poultry, Slaves, Plate household Furniture, Yams &c. to have to her

for Ever, And over and above her said thirds I give unto her, my Gold Watch

a Silver Milk Pot, a Silver Tea Pot, a Silver Stand with Cruets and

a Silver Coffee Pot, as Legacies, also her choice of my Women Slaves

always that her Choice be limited to one of them, I also give unto my Wife

the said Margaret Greentree, the House I now Inhabit in James Valley,

to be hers during her natural Life, provided she remain so long a Widow,

but in Case of her Marrying again, I give her only half the said House.

I also give her my Goat Range in Sandy Bay during her Life or Widowhood

also my House in Sandy bay aforesaid called Addisses together with the

fifteen Acres of free Land thereunto belonging, Also four Acres of Lease Land

adjoining to the said Freehold, Also eight Acres of Lease Land called Joy

Gut, Also ten Acres and a half of Lease Land, part whereof goes by the

Name of Stophill, the other part adjoins thereto, also thirty two Acres

and a half of Lease Land called the Plain and Cassons, and two Acres

of free Land bounding thereon, to have and to hold the said devised Parcels

of Land to her the said Margaret Greentree during her Life. I further

give unto my Wife the said Margaret Greentree ten Acres and a half

of purchased Land, called Richard Greentree's, during her Life, and after

her Death, I give the same to my Son Thomas Greentree, he paying

therefore as much as it hath cost me: I further give unto her the said

Margaret Greentree, Nine Acres and a half of free Land Adjoining to my

Land called Coles near the Main Ridge to have and to hold to her,

Until my Son Watkin Greentree shall attain the full and Perfect

Age of twenty one Years or Marriage, then I give the said Nine Acres

and a half of free Land, to him the said Watkins, also two Acres more

or Less of Lease land under the Waterfall, at Valuation.

James Greentree

James Greentree, a gentleman of St Helena, made his will on 3 November 1769, in the tenth year of the reign of George III, while of sound mind and memory.

He left his wife, Margaret Greentree, a third of all his movable estate, including cash, horses, cattle, hogs, sheep, poultry, slaves, plate, household furniture and guns, to keep outright. On top of her third he left her his gold watch, a silver milk pot, a silver teapot, a silver stand with cruets and a silver coffee pot as legacies. She was also to choose one of his slave women for herself.

He left Margaret the house he lived in in James's Valley for the rest of her life, provided she remained a widow. If she married again, she was to have only half of it. He also left her, for her lifetime or widowhood, his goat range at Sandy Bay and the following land:

His house at Sandy Bay, called Addyses, with its 15 acres of freehold land

Lease land adjoining that freehold, 4 acres

Lease land called [...] Gut, 8 acres

Lease land, part called Hophill and part adjoining it, 10½ acres

Lease land called the Plain and [...], 32½ acres

Freehold land bordering on it, 2 acres

He further left her for her life 10½ acres of purchased land called Richard Greentree's. After her death it was to pass to his son Thomas Greentree, provided Thomas paid her estate what the land had cost.

He left Margaret 9½ acres of freehold land adjoining his land called Coles, near the Main Ridge, until his son Watkin Greentree came of age at 21 or married. That land would then pass to Watkin, together with about 2 acres of lease land under the Waterfall, at a valuation.

Interpretations

Greentree held his land on two quite different footings, and his will treated them alike only for his widow's lifetime. Freehold land was his own outright. Lease land belonged to the Company, which let it on terms that could be renewed or refused by the Council. He could leave his widow the use of both. When he passed land on to his sons, however, he required Thomas to pay for the purchased land and gave Watkin the lease land under the Waterfall only at valuation. The sons were made to buy part of what they inherited, so that the widow's estate kept its value and was not stripped to provide for the next generation.

The condition that Margaret would lose half the house if she remarried was a common clause in wills of the period. It aimed to keep the property in the Greentree family. A second husband would otherwise have gained control of everything she held. The will was made in 1769, almost four years before Greentree died on 15 April 1773, so Watkin was then still a minor.

454

450

10th May

Item, I give unto my Son James Greentree twenty Acres of

free Land in Lemon Valley together with my House thereon also

Eighteen Acres of Lease Land adjoining to the said Freehold, also twenty

Six Acres of Lease Land called Thomsons hill, at Valuation, And

I give unto the said James Greentree twenty one Acres and an half, of

free Land adjoining to the high Peak, for which said twenty one Acres

and a half he, the said James, shall pay as much as the same hath

cost me at the time I purchased it. I also give unto my Son the said

James my former Dwelling House in James's Valley at Valuation, and

I give him a boy Slave called Highgate as a Legacy.

Item, I give unto my Son the said Watkins Greentree ten Acres

of free Land called Coles with my House thereon, also eighteen Acres

of Cabbage tree Land known by the name of Coles, also thirty seven

Acres of Lease Land situated and Lying between the two last mentioned

Parcels of Land at Valuation; and I further give unto the said Watkins

Nine Acres of free Land adjoining to the said Coles, he paying therefore

as much as it hath cost me. And I give him a Boy slave named Stephen

as a Legacy.

Item I give unto my Son the said Thomas Greentree a Boy

slave named Alle.

Item I give unto my Daughter Bridget Greentree a Girl

slave named Molly.

Item, I give unto my Daughter Charlotte Greentree a Girl

slave named Fanny.

My Will and meaning is, and I order and Direct that my

sons the said James and Watkins Greentree shall be put in possession

of the Different Parcels of Land and Houses which to them are hereby

respectively devised, when he or they shall attain the full Age of twenty

one Years, or at the time of his or their Marriage, And I hereby also

order and Direct that the Land by me herein Devised to my Wife the

said Margaret Greentree for the term of her Life, shall after her decease

revert to my Son the said Thomas Greentree, for him to have and

to hold the same at Valuation, except such Part or Parcel thereof

as has been by me purchased, which he the said Thomas is to pay

for at the same rate. I further give him, the said Thomas, my

Goat Range in Lemon Valley, and at the Decease of my Wife the

said Margret or at her Marriage I give unto my Son the said

Watkins, my Goat Range in Sandy Bay

(signed)

James Greentree

James Greentree left his son James 20 acres of freehold land in Lemon Valley with the house on it. He also left him 18 acres of lease land adjoining that freehold and 26 acres of lease land called Thomson's Hill, at a valuation. He gave James 21½ acres of freehold land adjoining High Peak, on condition that James paid what the land had cost when it was bought. He left James his former dwelling house in James's Valley at a valuation, and gave him a slave boy called Highgate as a legacy.

He left his son Watkin 10 acres of freehold land called Coles with the house on it, 18 acres of cabbage-tree land known as Coles, and 37 acres of lease land lying between those two parcels, at a valuation. He also left Watkin the 9 acres of freehold land adjoining Coles, on condition that Watkin paid what it had cost. He gave Watkin a slave boy named Stephen as a legacy.

He gave his son Thomas a slave boy named Allie. He gave his daughter Bridget Greentree a slave girl named Molly, and his daughter Charlotte Greentree a slave girl named Fanny.

He directed that James and Watkin should take possession of their land and houses when each reached 21 or married. The land left to his wife for life was to pass on her death to Thomas, at a valuation. Thomas was to pay the purchase price for any part that had been bought rather than leased or granted. Thomas was also to have the goat range in Lemon Valley. On his wife's death or remarriage, Watkin was to have the goat range at Sandy Bay.

Interpretations

Greentree did not simply divide his land among his sons as gifts. Almost every holding passed to a son either at a valuation or on repayment of what it had cost. The sons received the land, but paid its value back into the estate. The likeliest purpose was to keep the shares of the children fair. His daughters received only a slave girl each by name, and the money the sons paid in would swell the residue from which the family as a whole would benefit. Land stayed with the sons, who would work it, while its value was shared more widely.

Cabbage-tree land was ground still covered with the island's native cabbage trees, small endemic trees of the daisy family that grew on the high central ridge. Such land was valued for its timber and for keeping moisture on the heights. A goat range was a tract of rough ground where a planter's goats were allowed to graze, a right granted by the Company and passed on like land. Lieutenant James Greentree of the Second Company, who received a bill of exchange from the Council on the same day the will was proved, was probably the testator's son James.

455

451

1773

Item, I give unto Each of my Daughters Elizabeth Dent and

Margaret Skottowe twenty five Pounds, and As I have already Paid their

Portions at the Rate of four hundred Pounds to each of them, I hereby

exclude them or any of them from any further Share of Claim or Pretence

to, Any more of the Substance I shall die possessed of.

I hereby order and Direct that my Piece of Ground situated

at the foot of Ladder hill and lying between the Houses of Robt. Ballard

and James Pritchard shall after my Decease, belong to whomsoever

of my Children shall possess my Dwelling house in James's Valley,

and be annexed thereto, at a Just Valuation: And my Will and

Meaning is that, at the Decease of my Wife the said Margaret, my

said Dwelling House in James's Valley, shall revert to My Sons

the said Watkin and Thomas Greentree, and in case of their refusal

thereof Remainder to My Daughters, And that whosoever of them my

said Children will possess and enjoy the said Dwelling House shall

pay therefore the Sum of eight hundred Pounds.

And I further order and Direct that my son the said Thomas

and My Daughters the said Bridget & Charlotte Greentree, shall be

each and every of them maintained by my Wife the said Margaret

during her Life out of the Issues and Profits of the Lands by me to her

the said Margaret hereby Devised and bequeathed. And I earnestly

recommend to my Executrix and Executors herein after mentioned that they

do to the Utmost of their Power See that this my last Will and Testament

be In every part thereof duly, Executed and Performed, And that every

Attention be had in equally and impartially dividing between my Children

the said James, Watkin Thomas, Bridget and Charlotte Greentree the Estate

by me to them hereby respectively devised Share and Share like according

to my true Intent and Meaning.

Lastly I make, constitute and ordain my loving Wife the said

Margaret Greentree Executrix, my good Friends Messieurs Benjamin

Mason and John Goodwin and my Sons James and Watkins Greentree,

the latter at the Age of Eighteen Years, Executors of this my last Will and

Testament containing in six sides of Paper.

In Witness whereof I the said James Greentree have to this

my last Will and Testament Set my hand and Seal the day and Year

above written.

Signed sealed & declared by the Testator

as and for his last Will and Testament in the presence

of Us (signed)

John Howard

Thos. Bazett

Philip Mahony

(signed)

James Greentree

James Greentree left each of his married daughters, Elizabeth Dent and Margaret Skottowe, £25 0s 0d more. He had already paid each of them a marriage portion of £400 0s 0d, and he excluded them from any further claim on his estate.

He directed that his piece of ground at the foot of Ladder Hill, lying between the houses of Robert Ballard and James Pritchard, should go after his death, at a fair valuation, to whichever of his children held his dwelling house in James's Valley. On his wife Margaret's death that house was to pass to his sons Watkin and Thomas Greentree. If they declined it, it was to go to his daughters. Whichever of his children took the house was to pay £800 0s 0d for it.

His son Thomas and his daughters Bridget and Charlotte were to be maintained by their mother for the rest of her life, out of the income and profits of the land he had left her. He urged his executrix and executors to make sure every part of the will was carried out, and to divide the estate equally and impartially among his children James, Watkin, Thomas, Bridget and Charlotte Greentree, as he intended.

He appointed his wife Margaret as executrix. His friends Benjamin Mason and John Goodwin, and his sons James and Watkin Greentree, were to be executors, Watkin from the age of 18. The will ran to six sides of paper. James Greentree signed and sealed it in the presence of John Howard, Thomas Bazett and Philip Mahony.

Interpretations

The £800 0s 0d that the child taking the family house had to pay shows how the will's many valuations worked together. Every major asset that passed to one child was paid for into the common estate, and the executors were then told to divide that estate equally among the five unmarried children. The married daughters were shut out because they had already received their share as marriage portions of £400 0s 0d each. Land and houses therefore stayed whole and in the family, while their value was spread fairly among the children.

One of those married daughters was Margaret Skottowe. She was probably the wife of Governor John Skottowe, which would make Greentree the Governor's father-in-law. If so, the Governor sat on the Council that proved the will and administered an estate in which his own wife held a settled interest. On a small island, where the leading families were closely intermarried, such overlaps between private interest and public office could hardly be avoided.

456

452

10th May

Be it known to all men by these Presents that Whereas

I, James Greentree of the Island St. Helena have made and declared

my last Will and Testament in Writing bearing date the third day of

November in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and

sixty Nine, I the said James Greentree do by this present Codicil

confirm and ratify my last Will and Testament in every part thereof

excepting that Part wherein I appointed and ordained Mr. Benjamin

Mason and Mr. John Goodwin two of my Executors, which appointment

I hereby Annul, and by these Presents do exonerate the said Benjamin

Mason and the said John Goodwin of that Charge, constituting appoint

ing and ordaining in their stead and place John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

of this Island, Mr. Jonathan Doveton and Mr. Thomas Bazett

Joint Executors, along with my loving Wife Margaret Greentree

and my sons James and Watkins Greentree to my last Will & Testament

And as in my last Will and Testament no mention hath

been made of the different Legacies respectively bequeathed by my

late Brother Thomas Greentree deceased to my Children, for the better

understanding my meaning in that respect, I hereby order and direct

that each and every of the Legatees do receive and be paid his or their

respective Legacies out of my Estate already disposed of to them in such

just and even Proportions as that they shall all and each of them

enjoy an equal share.

And my Will and Meaning is, and I hereby order and direct

that the Lands, Tenements and Legacies by me devised and bequeathed to

my Wife the said Margaret Greentree be and become subject to the

payment of one third part of the said Legacies and no more.

And my meaning is that this Codicil or Schedule be, and be

adjudged to be, part and Parcel of my last Will and Testament; And

that all things herein contained and mentioned be faithfully and truly

performed, and as fully and amply in every respect as if the same when

so declared and set down in my last Will and Testament.

In Witness whereof I have here unto set my hand and

Seal this tenth day of April, in the thirteenth Year of the Reign of our

Sovereign Lord the King and in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred

and seventy three.

Signed, sealed and delivered by the Testator

as and for part of his last Will & Testament

in presence of Us.

(signed)

Benjamin Mason

Philip Mahony

(signed)

James Greentree

On 10 April 1773, in the thirteenth year of the reign of George III, James Greentree added a codicil to his will. He confirmed the will of 3 November 1769 in every part except the appointment of Benjamin Mason and John Goodwin as two of his executors. He cancelled their appointment and released them from the duty. In their place he appointed Governor John Skottowe, Jonathan Doveton and Thomas Bazett as joint executors, to act with his wife Margaret Greentree and his sons James and Watkin Greentree.

His will had made no mention of the legacies that his late brother, Thomas Greentree, had left to his children. To make his intention clear, he directed that each child should be paid that legacy out of the estate already disposed of in the will, in such fair proportions that all of them received an equal share. The land, houses and legacies left to his wife were to bear one third of the cost of these legacies and no more.

He declared that the codicil should be treated as part of his will and carried out as fully as if it had been written into it. He signed and sealed it in the presence of Benjamin Mason and Philip Mahony.

Interpretations

Five days before his death, Greentree replaced two private friends as executors with the Governor, the Company's storekeeper and a lieutenant of the garrison. This supports the earlier reading that the Governor was his son-in-law through his daughter Margaret Skottowe. Naming him executor placed the settlement of the estate in the hands of the most powerful man on the island, who was also a member of the family. The Governor then sat on the Council that proved the will in which he was named. Benjamin Mason, one of the executors removed, witnessed the codicil himself, which suggests that the change was made with his agreement rather than in any quarrel.

The codicil also closed a gap that could have set the children against one another. Their uncle's legacies were owed to them, but the will had not said where the money should come from. By charging it on the whole estate, with the widow's share bearing a third, Greentree ensured that no single child's inheritance would be cut to pay the others.

457

453

1773

N. B. As in my last Will and Testament I have not disposed

of my Plantation called Coles. Be it therefore known to all persons

by these Presents, and my Will and meaning is that the said Plantation

together with the Profits therefrom arising shall be and remain, to

and for the Use and Behoof of my family, and at the decease of my Wife

Margaret Greentree, the same to revert to my Son Watkin Greentree

I also give half my Plantation in Lemon Valley unto my Wife the

said Margaret remainder of the said half Plantation to my Son

James Greentree

I further give unto my Wife the said Margaret my Man slave

named Jack. In Witness whereof I have here unto put my hand and

Seal the Day and Year above Written.

Signed and sealed in presence of Us.

(signed)

Benjamin Mason

Philip Mahony

(signed)

James Greentree

Mr. Jonathan Doveton and Lieutenant

Thomas Bazett two of the Executors mentioned in the above Will

declines acting as such.

We judged it necessary to Direct the Secretary to send the

Reverend Mr. William Bearcroft the following Letter.

Sir

I am ordered by the Governor & Council to signify

to you that in consequence of your letter of the third of May, which they

Apprehend from the tenor of said Letter, that it is your intention to leave this

Island, I am therefore directed by them to request you will continue amongst

Us untill another Clergyman arrives, as they think it highly necessary not

to leave the People of this Island destitute of a Clergymen.

I am Sir

Your most obedient Servant

(signed)

B. Wright Secretary

St. Helena

10th May 1773.

Greentree added a note to the codicil. His will had not disposed of his plantation called Coles. He now directed that Coles, with all its profits, should remain for the use and benefit of his family, and on the death of his wife Margaret should pass to his son Watkin Greentree. He left half his plantation in Lemon Valley to Margaret, with the other half going to his son James Greentree. He also left Margaret his slave man named Jack. He signed and sealed the note in the presence of Benjamin Mason and Philip Mahony.

Jonathan Doveton and Lieutenant Thomas Bazett, two of the executors named in the codicil, declined to act.

The Council judged it necessary to direct the secretary to write again to the chaplain, William Bearcroft. Britannicus Wright wrote on 10 May 1773, on the Governor and Council's orders. Bearcroft's letter of 3 May had led them to understand that he meant to leave the island. They therefore asked him to stay until another clergyman arrived, since they considered it essential not to leave the people of the island without one.

Interpretations

The Council's first reply to Bearcroft, on 3 May, had only explained that the Court had not answered and expressed a polite wish that he might stay. Now it went further and formally asked him to remain. A chaplain who had given notice a year in advance had a fair claim to leave, and the obvious course was to let him go home with the last ships of the season. The Council set that aside because of what his departure would mean. He was the only clergyman on St Helena, and without him no one could hold services, baptise children, marry couples or bury the dead in a garrison where deaths were frequent. Missing the season would hold him on the island for most of another year, so the request carried real weight for him.

With Doveton and Thomas Bazett declining to act, Greentree's estate was left in the hands of his widow, his two sons and the Governor. That made the Governor's role as executor all the more important.

458

454

10th May

We this Day appointed Mr. James Desfountain Writer

Assistant Storekeeper in the Room of Mr. George Bazett deceased.

and have put in the Secretary's Office Messrs. John Doveton and

Nathaniel Kennedy to act as Writers, until the Company's pleasure

is known agreeable to our Recommendation in our Letter of 9th Instant.

And also Hugh Jones as Registermaster for taking An Account

of all Goods and Merchandize Landed here and Reshipped from

the Island.

Captain Alexander Tod Delivered to Us William

Jones a Deserter from Madrass, and he being in Want of Necessarys

gave him two pounds to furnish himself.

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

The Council appointed James Desfountain, a writer, as assistant storekeeper in place of George Bazett, who had died. It placed John Doveton and Nathaniel Kennedy in the secretary's office to act as writers until the Company's wishes were known, as the Council had recommended in its letter of 9 May. It also appointed Hugh Jones as register master, to keep an account of all goods and merchandise landed on the island and reshipped from it.

Captain Alexander Tod handed over to the Council William Jones, a deserter from Madras. Jones was in need of necessaries, and the Council gave him £2 0s 0d to fit himself out. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The new office of register master gave the Council a record of every cargo that came ashore and every cargo that left. The homeward season had shown how much private trade passed through the island: over 8,000 gallons of spirits paid duty in a single quarter, and commanders sold goods ashore and sent home thousands of pounds by bill. Without a register, the Council had no means of checking what was landed against what paid customs, or of knowing what was carried away again. Hugh Jones, already superintendent of the slaves, took on the post alongside his existing duties, in the usual way of filling new offices from the Company's servants already on the island.

John Doveton and Nathaniel Kennedy were placed as writers only on trial, pending the Court's approval. This was the same course the Council had followed with James Farrell and Robert Leech, whose appointments the Court confirmed in April. The Council could fill a vacancy at once, but every appointment remained provisional until London agreed to it.

459

455

14th May

At a Consultation held on Friday the 14th Day of May

1773 at the Castle.

Present John Skottowe Esqr. Governor

Danl. Corneille Esqr. Lt. Governor

Mr. Mattw. Parling

Mr. Mattw. Bazett of Council

The last Consultation was read, approved, and signed, dated the 10th May

1773.

Monday the 10th Passed by a Dutch Ship

Tuesday the 11 Arrived a Spanish Frigate from Manilla called the La

Venus Captain Lingaza burthen five hundred

and fifty Tons carry's thirty two Guns and two hundred

and thirty Men bound to Spain.

Do. Do. Passed by a Ship at a great distance

Wednesday the 12th Do. Do. Do. Do.

Mr. Matthew Bazett Reports that he

has been on board of the Ships, Anson, Earl of Ashburnham, Nassau,

and Norfolk to Muster their Company's, and enquire for Deserters

but found none, their Muster Rolls are as follows Viz.

Muster Roll of Ship Anson

John Lennox Commandr.

James Halkey 1 Mate

Charles Lennox 2 Do.

Geo. Munro 3 Do.

Mattw. Wild 4 Do.

Henry Lowdy 5 Do.

Alexd. Boswell 6 Do.

Gilbt. Trumble Surgeon

John Buchanan Purser

John Sinclair Gunner

Jam. Moorhouse Carpenter

Jam. Donalson Boatswain

Jno. Smith Captn. Steward

Edw. Cole Ships Do.

Willm. Clark Mid. & Coxn.

Alexd. Mackdonald Mid.

Charles Drummond Do.

Jno. Gray Quarter Master

Willm. Watson Do.

Willm. Herbert Do.

Jno. Anderson Do.

Joseph Hunter Do.

James Stevens Do.

Robert Scott Caulker

John Heen Cooper

Willm. Goodman Armour.

John Harper Sail Maker

James Francisco Cn. Cook

Willm. Davidson Ships Cook

Jno. Barrowby Gunr. Mate

John Leech Boat. 1 Do.

John Cranford Do. 2 Do.

Patk. Newsham Carp. 1 Do.

Geo. Jackson Do. 2 Do.

Robt. Moss Captn. Servant

Geo. Crayoraft Do. Do.

George Phillips Surgeons Do.

James Gikie Seaman

Saml. Paterson

Robt. Durham

George Dearn

Henry Mundy

The Council met at the Castle on Friday 14 May 1773. Governor Skottowe presided, with Lieutenant Governor Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett present. The Council read, approved and signed the minutes of its meeting of 10 May.

A Dutch ship passed the island on Monday 10 May. On Tuesday 11 May a Spanish frigate from Manila arrived, the La Venus, under Captain Lingaza. She was of 550 tons, carried 32 guns and a crew of 230, and was bound for Spain. A ship passed the island at a great distance the same day, and another on Wednesday 12 May.

Matthew Bazett reported that he had gone aboard the Anson, the Earl of Ashburnham, the Nassau and the Norfolk to muster their companies and search for deserters, and had found none. Their muster rolls were entered as follows.

The muster roll of the Anson began with these men.

John Lennox, commander

James Hatley, first mate

Charles Lennox, second mate

George Munro, third mate

Matthew Wild, fourth mate

Henry Smedly, fifth mate

Alexander Boswell, sixth mate

Gilbert Trimble, surgeon

John Buchanan, purser

John Sinclair, gunner

James Moorhouse, carpenter

James Donalson, boatswain

John Smith, captain's steward

Edward Cole, ship's steward

William Clark, midshipman and coxswain

Alexander Macdonald, midshipman

Charles Drummond, midshipman

John Gray, quartermaster

William Watson, quartermaster

William Herbert, quartermaster

John Anderson, quartermaster

Joseph Hunter, quartermaster

James Steens, quartermaster

Robert Scott, caulker

John Hen, cooper

William Goodman, armourer

John Harper, sailmaker

James Francisco, captain's cook

William Davidson, ship's cook

John Barrowby, gunner's mate

John Leech, boatswain's first mate

John Crawford, boatswain's second mate

Patrick Newnham, carpenter's first mate

George Jackson, carpenter's second mate

Robert Moss, captain's servant

George Ceroycroft, captain's servant

George Phillips, surgeon's servant

James Gibbs, seaman

Samuel Paterson, seaman

Robert Durham, seaman

George Dearn, seaman

Henry Mundy, seaman

Interpretations

The Anson's second mate, Charles Lennox, shared his commander's surname, another instance of a captain placing a kinsman among his officers.

The Spanish frigate was a royal warship, not a merchantman. Spain had begun sending such frigates from Manila to Cadiz by way of the Cape of Good Hope, instead of the long Pacific route through Acapulco, to carry Philippine and Chinese goods home directly. The Council recorded her tonnage, guns and crew in the same detail it gave the Danish Indiamen. Spain had been at war with Britain only ten years before and remained a rival in the East, and a heavily manned frigate of 32 guns was exactly the kind of vessel the island's batteries existed to watch.

460

456

14 May

Danl. Greenwood Seaman

Jas. Mc. Nab

John Cummings

Fran. Clark

John Mc. Cromerty

James Lucas

Peter Major

Thos. Palmer

Willm. Robertson

Robert Bowie

James Peterson

Dittl. Vannesson

John Enslin

Nathaniel Tilman

Saml. Trumble

Thos. Hutchinson

Alexd. Banks

Robert Swan

Stephen Hemmegis

Willm. Gartridges

Willm. Moore Seaman

Willm. Porter

Robt. Lester

John Cowie

John Lanton

David Gimble

James Nicholson

John Mc. Tailea

Willm. Miller

John Cutteman

Geo. Pewsell

Nicholas Laurence

Alexd. Starks

John Ware

Richd. Burns

Richd. Watts

Willm. Hardcastle

James Brown

Richd. Brooks

Patk. Blin

John Boulton Seaman

Willm. Greenhood

Danl. Sullivan

Saml. Lore

John Mc. Intish

John Finley

James Dixon

Alexd. Hutchinson

Godfrey Simmons

George Quinton

John Heyword

Willm. Smith

Patk. Smith

John Price

Thos. Brown

Isaac Shippy

Stephen Chandler

John Cuthbert

John Matthews

(signed)

John Lennox

Muster of Ship Earl of Ashburnham

Richard Pierce Command.

John Nail 1 Mate

James West 2 Do.

John Gaddes 3 Do.

Edwd. Barker 4 Do.

Saml. Bonham 5 Do.

Hugh Honeycomb 6 Do.

John Morgan Purser

George Davidson Surgeon

Willm. Dickenson Carpenter

Gregory Freet Boatswain

Geo. Littleton Gunner

Wm. Hatfield Ships Steward

John Small Cn. Steward

Geo. Bakewell Caulker

John Stevenson Cooper

Jos. Dunlop Carptr. Mate

Edward Rogers 2 Do.

Geo. Anderson Caulkers Do.

James Robertson Surgeons Do.

Saml. Holeden Coopers Do.

Geo. Bertelson Sailmaker

Wm. White Boatn. Mate

Henry Cheeseman 2 Do.

Wm. Cooper, Gunr. Do.

Joseph Thorn Ships Cook

Emanuel Racken Cn. Cook

Willm. Whatley Butcher

James Newton Poulterer

David Anderson Quat. Master

Geo. Johnson Do.

William Wigmore Do.

Jacob Wickleson Midship.

Wm. Blewit Do.

Joseph Strong Do.

Isaac Snowden Do.

James Bird Do.

Jno. Fagin Mids. & Coxs.

John Hent Seaman

The muster roll of the Anson closed with the following seamen.

Daniel Greenwood, seaman

Leonard McNab, seaman

John Cummings, seaman

Francis Clark, seaman

John McCromerty, seaman

James Lucas, seaman

Peter Major, seaman

Thomas Palmer, seaman

William Robertson, seaman

Robert Bowie, seaman

James Peterson, seaman

Dirk Vannesson, seaman

John Enslin, seaman

Nathaniel Silman, seaman

Samuel Trumble, seaman

Thomas Hutchinson, seaman

Alexander Banks, seaman

Robert Swan, seaman

Stephen Hemmings, seaman

William Gartridge, seaman

William Moore, seaman

William Porter, seaman

Robert Lester, seaman

John Cowie, seaman

John Santer, seaman

David Gimble, seaman

James Nicholson, seaman

John McTailor, seaman

William Miller, seaman

John Cutleman, seaman

George Perrett, seaman

Nicholas Laurence, seaman

Alexander Starks, seaman

John Ware, seaman

Richard Burns, seaman

Richard Watts, seaman

William Hardcastle, seaman

James Brown, seaman

Richard Brooks, seaman

Patrick Blair, seaman

John Boulton, seaman

William Greenhood, seaman

Daniel Sullivan, seaman

Samuel Sore, seaman

John McIntish, seaman

John Finley, seaman

James Dixon, seaman

Alexander Hutchinson, seaman

Godfrey Simmons, seaman

George Quinton, seaman

John Heywood, seaman

William Smith, seaman

Patrick Smith, seaman

John Price, seaman

Thomas Brown, seaman

Isaac Shippy, seaman

Stephen Chandler, seaman

John Cuthbert, seaman

John Matthews, seaman

John Lennox signed the roll as commander.

The muster roll of the Earl of Ashburnham began with these men.

Richard Pierce, commander

John Nail, first mate

James West, second mate

John Gaddes, third mate

Edward Barker, fourth mate

Samuel Bonham, fifth mate

Hugh Honeycomb, sixth mate

John Morgan, purser

George Davidson, surgeon

William Dickenson, carpenter

Gregory Trent, boatswain

George Littleton, gunner

William Hatfield, ship's steward

John Small, captain's steward

George Bakewell, caulker

John Stevenson, cooper

John Dunlop, carpenter's mate

Edward Rogers, carpenter's second mate

George Anderson, caulker's mate

James Robertson, surgeon's mate

Samuel Holden, cooper's mate

George Bertelson, sailmaker

William White, boatswain's mate

Henry Cheeseman, boatswain's second mate

William Cooper, gunner's mate

Joseph Thorn, ship's cook

Emanuel Rachen, captain's cook

William Wheatley, butcher

James Newton, poulterer

David Anderson, quartermaster

George Johnson, quartermaster

William Wigmore, quartermaster

Jacob Mickleson, midshipman

William Blewit, midshipman

Joseph Strong, midshipman

Isaac Snowden, midshipman

James Bird, midshipman

John Fagin, midshipman and coxswain

John Hart, seaman

461

457

1773

John Thomas Seaman

Hector Mc. Lane

Mattw. Griffen

Alexd. Jones

David Black

Robt. Scott

Saml. Johnson

Thos. Cook

Willm. Edwards

George Coventry

Thomas Headcraft

Charles Fountain

Danl. Smith

Willm. Crafton

James Gensel

Peter Keeper

Willm. Smith

Marcolm Mc. Donald

Willm. Robinson

James Graves

Jeremiah Smith

Robert Banks Seaman

Fredk. Newton

Mattw. Hughes

Henry Harrinton

John Alstian

James Bumfield

Thomas Smith

Nathl. Proctor

Thomas Milbourn

Benj. Bartlett

Willm. Griffis

James Neal

James Leslie

Willm. Cragen

Willm. Clark

Henry Scott

John Heyes

Thos. Peacock

James Massey

John Peckman

Thos. Denton

Robt. Workman

John Mc. Owen

James Miles

Thos. Bowton

James Knight

Willm. Russel

Thos. Spencer

James Mc. Culloh

Willm. Petty

Michael Burn

John Hall

Willm. White

Partrick Eagan

Willm. Hemery

John Sherington

James Harris

Chris. Christofers

John Gabriel

Emke Anderson

John Frances

(signed)

Richd. Pierce.

Muster Roll of Ship Nassau

Arthur Gore Commander

Jno. Hope Bowers 1 Mate

Nicholas Jackson 2 Do.

John Wood 3 Do.

John Quinton 4 Do.

Willm. Smith 5 Do.

Alexd. Mc. Dowel 6 Do.

Pitcairn Buchanan Surgeon

John Dalling Purser

Hugh Mountgomery Gunner

Willm. Firestain Carpent.

James Murdoch St. Steward

John Mc. Culloch Surg. Mate

James Hoe Midshipman

Joseph Quinton Midship.

Richard Asplyn Do.

John Hankins Do.

Willm. Glass Do.

Jonathan Hutchinson Do.

John Long Do.

Robt. Newberry Cn. Steward

Saml. Stevens Caulker

Willm. Hillam Cooper

Alexd. Cholson Armourer

Willm. Smith Captn. Cook

Willm. Turley Ships Do.

John Murdoch Gunr. Mate

Chris. Mitchell Carpt. 1 Mate

Willm. Wilkins Carpt. 2 Mate

James Monk Boats. 1 Mate

John Clark Do. 2 Do.

Wm. Coulson Sailmakers Do.

Gabrill Event Caulkers Do.

Albert Person Quart. Master

Joseph Corner Do.

Harry Little Do.

Fredk. Book Butcher

Geo. Bennet Cooks Mate

Geo. Myers Baker

James Grieve Taylor

John Lenard Poulterer

John Ferguson Painter

The muster roll of the Earl of Ashburnham closed with the following seamen.

John Thomas, seaman

Hector McLane, seaman

Matthew Griffen, seaman

Alexander Jones, seaman

David Black, seaman

Robert Scott, seaman

Samuel Johnson, seaman

Thomas Cook, seaman

William Edwards, seaman

George Coventry, seaman

Thomas Headcraft, seaman

Charles Fountain, seaman

Daniel Smith, seaman

William Crafton, seaman

James Gensel, seaman

Peter Keeper, seaman

William Smith, seaman

Malcolm McDonald, seaman

William Robinson, seaman

James Graves, seaman

Jeremiah Smith, seaman

Robert Banks, seaman

Joseph Newton, seaman

Matthew Hughes, seaman

Henry Harrinton, seaman

John Alston, seaman

James Burnfield, seaman

Thomas Smith, seaman

Nathaniel Proctor, seaman

Thomas Milbourn, seaman

Benjamin Bartlett, seaman

William Gaitts, seaman

James Neal, seaman

James Leslie, seaman

William Cragen, seaman

William Clark, seaman

Henry Scott, seaman

John Keyes, seaman

Thomas Peacock, seaman

James Massey, seaman

John Peckman, seaman

Thomas Denton, seaman

Robert Workman, seaman

John McOwen, seaman

James Milles, seaman

Thomas Bewston, seaman

James Knight, seaman

William Russel, seaman

Thomas Spencer, seaman

James McCulloh, seaman

William Petty, seaman

Michael Burn, seaman

John Hall, seaman

William White, seaman

Patrick Eagan, seaman

William Henery, seaman

John Sherrington, seaman

James Herns, seaman

Christopher Christofers, seaman

John Gabriel, seaman

Erick Anderson, seaman

John Francis, seaman

Richard Pierce signed the roll as commander.

The muster roll of the Nassau began with these men.

Arthur Gore, commander

John Hope Bowers, first mate

Nicholas Jackson, second mate

John Wood, third mate

John Quinton, fourth mate

William Smith, fifth mate

Alexander McDowel, sixth mate

Pitcairn Buchanan, surgeon

John Dalling, purser

Hugh Montgomery, gunner

William Ironstain, carpenter

James Murdock, ship's steward

John McCulloch, surgeon's mate

James Hoo, midshipman

Joseph Quinton, midshipman

Richard Aphyn, midshipman

John Hawkins, midshipman

William Glass, midshipman

Jonathan Hutchinson, midshipman

John Young, midshipman

Robert Newberry, captain's steward

Samuel Stevens, caulker

William Hillam, cooper

Alexander Cheston, armourer

William Smith, captain's cook

William Saxby, ship's cook

John Murdock, gunner's mate

Christopher Mitchell, carpenter's first mate

William Wilkins, carpenter's second mate

James Monk, boatswain's first mate

John Clark, boatswain's second mate

William Coulson, sailmaker

Gabriel Event, caulker's mate

Albert Persen, quartermaster

Joseph Corner, quartermaster

Harry Little, quartermaster

Frederick Book, butcher

George Bennet, cook's mate

Myers Baker, [...]

James Grieve, tailor

John Lenard, poulterer

John Ferguson, painter

462

458

14 May

Henry Hogan Seaman

John Cuff

James Morrison

Willm. Morrad

Joseph Bird

Alexd. Hope

David Dundass

Joseph Baker

George Peters Gill

David Bean

Joseph Gallow

Richard Tarr

Robt. Gates

Lavence Lalenea

John Sutherman

Israel Wetherman

Gunner Nelson

Thos. White

Thos. Mumberry

John Darlie Seaman

Charles Minta

John Myser

James Larrad

Edward Sejant

Jno. Smith

David Sibald

Thos. Johnson

John Mc. Nabb

Richd. Dyer

John Buxton

Joseph Morrell

John Hyde

John Mils

Patrick Dogherthe

John Dennicks

Danl. Pimple

George Holland

Charles Padley

Jno. Fletcher Seaman

James Nowland

John Mire Roe

Neil Mc. Neil

Robt. Smith

Willm. White

Thos. Brothers

Isaac Burton

Fransua Lerree Simon

James Donnely

Willm. Holmes

David Webster

Charles Webster

Cn. Glonum

Willm. Rogers

Joseph Lock

Joseph Watson

Willm. Jacks

Passengers viz.

Josias Dupree Esqr.

Mrs. Dupree

Miss Lovissa Dupree

Miss Jane Dupree

Miss Charlot Dupree

Mrs. Moss

Miss Moss

Mr. Harborn

Mr. Betty

Mr. Kennedy

Mr. Devenport

Mr. Mc. Clane

Thos. Paton Govr. Steward

Willm. Chappel

Danl. Parker

Richd. Allen

Willm. Harrison

Henry Williams

Willm. George

Willm. Horn

Willm. Banister

Hugh Turner

John Button

Andrew Carr

Black Servants

Rosanna

Sophia

Harriot

Richard

Jack

Willm. Hyde

Partrick Bryan

Willm. Thomas

Thos. Elsey

Richd. Eames

John Johnson

Thos. Bolton

John Corner

Edward Kelly

Mrs. Sibald

Polly Sibald

(signed)

Arthur Gore

The muster roll of the Nassau closed with the remaining seamen and the passengers.

Henry Hogan, seaman

John Cuff, seaman

James Morrison, seaman

William Morrad, seaman

Joseph Bird, seaman

Alexander Hope, seaman

David Dundass, seaman

Joseph Baker, seaman

George Peters Gill, seaman

David Bean, seaman

Joseph Gallow, seaman

Richard Farr, seaman

Robert Gates, seaman

Lawrence Lalema, seaman

John Sutherman, seaman

Israel Wetherman, seaman

Gunner Nelson, seaman

Thomas White, seaman

Thomas Mumberry, seaman

John Darlie, seaman

Charles Minta, seaman

John Myser, seaman

James Larrad, seaman

Edward Sergeant, seaman

John Smith, seaman

David Sibald, seaman

Thomas Johnson, seaman

John McNabb, seaman

Richard Dyer, seaman

John Boston, seaman

Joseph Morrell, seaman

John Hyde, seaman

John Mils, seaman

Patrick Docherty, seaman

John Derricks, seaman

Daniel Pimple, seaman

George Holland, seaman

Charles Padley, seaman

John Fletcher, seaman

James Nonland, seaman

John Minkoe, seaman

Neil McNeil, seaman

Robert Smith, seaman

William White, seaman

Thomas Brothers, seaman

Isaac Burton, seaman

Francisco Lorez Simon, seaman

James Donnelly, seaman

William Holmes, seaman

David Webster, seaman

Charles Webster, seaman

Christopher Glennon, seaman

William Rogers, seaman

Joseph Lock, seaman

Joseph Watson, seaman

William Jacks, seaman

Josias Du Pré, passenger

Mrs Du Pré, passenger

Miss Louisa Du Pré, passenger

Miss Jane Du Pré, passenger

Miss Charlotte Du Pré, passenger

Mrs Moss, passenger

Miss Moss, passenger

Mr Harborn, passenger

Mr Belly, passenger

Mr Kennedy, passenger

Mr Devonport, passenger

Mr McClane, passenger

Thomas Paton, the Governor's steward, passenger

William Chappel, passenger

Daniel Parker, passenger

Richard Allen, passenger

William Harrison, passenger

Henry Williams, passenger

William George, passenger

William Horn, passenger

William Banister, passenger

Hugh Turner, passenger

John Button, passenger

Andrew Carr, passenger

William Hyde, passenger

Patrick Hoyen, passenger

William Thomas, passenger

Thomas Elroy, passenger

Richard Eames, passenger

John Johnson, passenger

Thomas Bolton, passenger

John Corner, passenger

Edward Kelly, passenger

Mrs Sibald, passenger

Polly Sibald, passenger

Rosanna, black servant, passenger

Sophia, black servant, passenger

Harriot, black servant, passenger

Richard, black servant, passenger

Jack, black servant, passenger

Arthur Gore signed the roll as commander.

Interpretations

Josias Du Pré, the first passenger listed, was the Governor of Madras to whom the Council had addressed its order for long cloth on 23 April 1773. His term had ended and he was sailing home with his wife, three daughters, his steward and a train of servants. The Council's letter to him was by then travelling east by way of Canton, while its addressee was passing through St Helena on his way to England. The five black servants named only Rosanna, Sophia, Harriot, Richard and Jack were household attendants, most of them probably slaves, brought from India to wait on the family during the voyage.

463

459

1773

Muster Roll of Ship Norfolk

James Buggin Commd.

Richd. Debbie 1 Mate

Bennet Hoskins 2 Do.

John Huggett 3 Do.

Willm. Peers 4 Do.

Mark Brady 5 Do.

Josephus Jonas Charter Purser

John Rowland Surgeon

Jacob Wickman Gunner

James Irwin Boatswain

John Petty Carpenter

John Stevenson Mid. & Coxn.

Charles Smith Midship.

John Fickers Do.

Giles Whittaker Do.

Stephen Murrey Quart. Mr.

Robt. Douglas Do.

James Sherriff Do.

Charles Laird Surgeons Mate

Willm. Bickley Ships Stewd.

Joseph Whillim Captn. Do.

Thos. Leighton Do. Cook

James Taylor Ships Do.

Partrick Cavenaugh Cooper

Mordecaie Scott Caulker

James Charles Armourer

Wm. Lewis Sailmaker

John Barber Gunr. 1 Mate

James Irwin Junr. Do. 2 Do.

John Barton Boat. 1 Mate

Thos. Tate Do. 2 Do.

Andrew Lenham Carpt. 1 Do.

Robt. Sharpe Do. 2 Do.

Henry Ringing Caulk. Do.

Thos. Baker Coopers Do.

Archibald Fleming Cooks Mate

James Badge Poulterer

John Davis Captn. Taylor

Thos. James Do. Servant

John Moody Do. Do.

Charles Cunningham Seaman

Thos. Archibald

Joseph Marsh

Thos. Langrish

Edward Parker

Willm. Seabrook

Benj. Biggs

Robt. Bigrove

Thos. Ward

Edw. Carpenter

Jeremiah Newham

John Tate

Gregory Mc. Caver

Andrew Lawrence

John Silvey

James Sunderland

Andrew Wardie

Lewis Peterson

Willm. Anderson

John Cornish

Willm. Forbes

Peter Brown

Robt. Forward

Thos. Lowdon

James Brown

Ralph Little

Christopher Tomkins

James Richardson

Saml. Edwards

John Clarke

Passengers

Mr. John Scott

Mrs. Elizth. Scott

Miss Fran. Scott

Susanna, black servant.

Willm. Pickard Seaman

Thos. Simpson

Charles Henry Pleudecker

Evan Griffiths

Robt. Burgess

Joseph Childs

James Douglas

Willm. Short

Abraham Bantoft

Jonathan Eley

Willm. Harrison

Willm. Lacey

Albert Murrous

James Taylor

Robt. Moldison

Terence Mc. Donald

David Allison

Saml. Pearcy

Dennis Reading

Robt. Stannard

Richd. Dennis

Caleb Alsop

Willm. Harvey

Joseph Hippon

John Grochet

Robt. Walker

Andrew Henderson

Frances Grago

John Smith

John Lockhart

David Lewis

George Thompson

Michael Cornel

Francis Simmons

Robt. Dilkes

(signed)

James Buggin

The muster roll of the Norfolk listed the following men and passengers.

James Buggin, commander

Richard Dobbie, first mate

Bennet Hoskins, second mate

John Huggett, third mate

William Peers, fourth mate

Mark Brady, fifth mate

Josephus Jonas Charles, purser

John Rowland, surgeon

Jacob Wickman, gunner

James Irvin, boatswain

John Petty, carpenter

John Stevenson, midshipman and coxswain

Charles Smith, midshipman

John Jeekins, midshipman

Giles Whittaker, midshipman

Stephen Murrey, quartermaster

Robert Douglas, quartermaster

James Sheriff, quartermaster

Charles Laird, surgeon's mate

William Bickley, ship's steward

Joseph Whillam, captain's steward

Thomas Leighton, captain's cook

James Taylor, ship's cook

Patrick Cavenaugh, cooper

Mordecai Scott, caulker

James Charles, armourer

William Lewis, sailmaker

John Barber, gunner's first mate

James Irvin, gunner's second mate

John Barton, boatswain's first mate

Thomas Tate, boatswain's second mate

Andrew Sonhan, carpenter's first mate

Robert Sharpe, carpenter's second mate

Henry Pinging, caulker's mate

Thomas Baker, cooper's mate

Archibald Fleming, cook's mate

James Badge, poulterer

John Davis, captain's tailor

Thomas James, captain's servant

John Moody, captain's servant

Charles Cunningham, seaman

Thomas Archibald, seaman

Joseph Marsh, seaman

Thomas Languish, seaman

Edward Parker, seaman

William Seabrook, seaman

Benjamin Biggs, seaman

Richard Bigmore, seaman

Thomas Ward, seaman

Edward Carpenter, seaman

Jeremiah Newham, seaman

John Tate, seaman

Gregory McCaver, seaman

Andrew Laurence, seaman

John Silvey, seaman

James Sunderland, seaman

Andrew Wardie, seaman

Lewis Peterson, seaman

William Anderson, seaman

John Cornish, seaman

William Forbes, seaman

Peter Brown, seaman

Robert Forward, seaman

Thomas Lacedon, seaman

James Brown, seaman

Ralph Little, seaman

Christopher Tomkins, seaman

James Richardson, seaman

Samuel Edwards, seaman

John Clarke, seaman

William Pickard, seaman

Thomas Simpson, seaman

Charles Henry Reiduker, seaman

Evan Griffiths, seaman

Robert Burgess, seaman

Joseph Childs, seaman

James Douglas, seaman

William Short, seaman

Abraham Bantoft, seaman

Jonathan Eley, seaman

William Harrison, seaman

William Lacey, seaman

Albert Pierrone, seaman

James Taylor, seaman

Robert Moldison, seaman

Terence McDonald, seaman

David Allison, seaman

Samuel Pearcy, seaman

Dennis Reading, seaman

Robert Stannard, seaman

Richard Dennis, seaman

Caleb Alford, seaman

William Harvey, seaman

Joseph Hippon, seaman

John Goochet, seaman

Robert Walker, seaman

Andrew Henderson, seaman

Francis Grago, seaman

John Smith, seaman

John Lockhart, seaman

David Lewis, seaman

George Thompson, seaman

Michael Cornel, seaman

Francis Simmons, seaman

Robert Delker, seaman

John Scott, passenger

Mrs Elizabeth Scott, passenger

Miss Frances Scott, passenger

Susanna, black servant, passenger

James Buggin signed the roll as commander.

464

460

14th May

Bought On Account of the Honble. Company

of Captain Richard Pierce thirty Cape Sheep for which we have

paid twenty two Pounds ten Shillings. And of Captain John Lennox

fifty Cape Sheep and a Cutter for the Payment whereof we have

given him Certificates, as p the following Bills.

The Honble. East India Company

To the Owners of Ship Ashburnham Dr.

For 30 Sheep @ 15/

£ 22 . 10

St. Helena

14th May 1773

E. E. Contents Received

p Richd. Pierce

The Honble. East India Company Dr.

To Captain John Lennox

To 50 Cape Sheep at 15/ p Sheep

£ 37 . 10 -

To a Cutter with six Oars Rudder & Tiller

18 . 0 -

£ 55 . 10 -

St. Helena

14th May 1773

Received the Contents by Certificate

(signed)

John Lennox

The ten Working Days allowed by Charter Party for unloading

the Ship Alfred being expired, We gave Captain John Lauder

Sailing Orders in Writing, to make the best of his way to Fort Marlborough

on the West Coast of the Island Sumatra, according to the Orders he

has Received from the Honble. the Court of Directors, We likewise

gave him the following Letter to the President and Council of

Fort Marlborough.

To the Honble. Richard Wyatt Esqr.

President and Governor &c. Council of

Fort Marlborough.

Sir & Sirs

We wrote last to you under date of the

15th July 1772 Since which we received your Letter by the Pigot

The Council bought 30 Cape sheep on the Company's account from Captain Richard Pierce, paying £22 10s 0d for them. It also bought 50 Cape sheep and a cutter from Captain John Lennox and paid him by certificate. Their bills were entered as follows.

Owners of the Earl of Ashburnham, sheep, 30 at 15s, £22 10s 0d

Richard Pierce signed for receipt of the full amount at St Helena on 14 May 1773, reserving any errors.

Captain John Lennox, Cape sheep, 50 at 15s, £37 10s 0d

Captain John Lennox, cutter with six oars, rudder and tiller, £18 0s 0d

Captain John Lennox, bill, total, £55 10s 0d

John Lennox signed for receipt of the certificate at St Helena on 14 May 1773.

The ten working days allowed by her charter party for unloading the Alfred had now run out. The Council gave Captain John Lauder written sailing orders to make the best of his way to Fort Marlborough on the west coast of Sumatra, as the Court of Directors had instructed him. It also gave him a letter for the President and Council of Fort Marlborough, addressed to Richard Wyatt, President and Governor. The Council had last written to them on 15 July 1772, and had since received their letters by the Pigot.

Interpretations

Pierce's bill was made out to the owners of the Earl of Ashburnham, not to the commander himself, and the Council paid it outright rather than by certificate. The sheep evidently belonged to the ship's owners as part of her provisions. Their sale on the island was settled with the ship's own accounts, while Lennox sold his sheep and cutter on his own account and was paid in London. The cutter, with six oars and its rudder and tiller, joined the longboat and yawl bought from Captains Mitchell and Richardson on 8 May. Three boats bought in a week show how badly the island's craft had been worn down by the season's work in the roads.

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1773

Agreeable to the Honble. Company's Directions we send you by the Alfred

twelve Pounds of Rhubarb, as p Invoice and Bill of Lading Enclosed.

By this Conveyance we transmit you the Ship Alfred Manifest

of Goods, Charter Party Victualling Bill and Manifest of Wrought Plate,

likewise Duplicates of Our Letters to the several Presidency's in India,

which we request you will please to forward by the first Opportunity.

Also send for your Perusal a List of Ships that have touched at this

Island since our last.

We have given Captain Lauder an Order to Receive on board

the Alfred, four Bales of Blue Cloth, which Captain White was to leave

at Manna; but as he did not touch there requested we would forward them

to you by the first Opportunity. Captain Lauder has signed two Receipts

for the same, one of which goes herewith.

The Coffree Slave you sent by the Pigot, we duly received,

Captain Richardson gave us a Bill of fourteen Pounds and tenpence

for his Passage and Provisions on board of his Ship, but as you did not

mention any such Charge in your letter to Us by that Ship we referred the

payment to the Court of Directors.

We are

Sir and Sirs

Your Most obedient humble Servants

(signed)

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Mattw. Parling

Mattw. Bazett

St. Helena

14th May 1773

Mr. Thomas Stroud this day applied to us to pay

forty six Pounds into the Honble. Company's Cash, which sum we have

received and given him Bills of Exchange, drawn upon the Honble. the Court

of Directors payable to Captain John Reddall (or Order) at Ninety days Sight.

John Skottowe

Danl. Corneille

Parling

M. Bazett

The Council's letter to Fort Marlborough continued. Following the Company's directions, it was sending them 12 lb of rhubarb by the Alfred, with the invoice and bill of lading enclosed. It also sent the Alfred's manifest of goods, charter party, victualling bill and manifest of wrought plate, together with duplicates of its letters to the presidencies in India, which it asked them to forward at the first opportunity. It added a list of the ships that had called at the island since its last letter.

The Council had ordered Captain Lauder to take on board the Alfred four bales of blue cloth. Captain White had been meant to leave them at Manna, but he had not called there and asked the Council to forward them at the first opportunity. Captain Lauder had signed two receipts for the bales, one of which was enclosed.

The Council had duly received the African slave, described as a Coffree, whom Fort Marlborough had sent in the Pigot. Captain Richardson had presented a bill of £14 0s 10d for his passage and provisions on board. Fort Marlborough's letter by that ship had made no mention of any such charge, so the Council referred the payment to the Court of Directors. Governor Skottowe, Daniel Corneille, Matthew Purling and Matthew Bazett signed the letter at St Helena on 14 May 1773.

Thomas Stroud asked to pay £46 0s 0d into the Company's treasury. The Council received the money and gave him bills of exchange on the Court of Directors, payable to Captain John Reddall or his order at 90 days' sight. The Governor, Corneille, Purling and Bazett signed the minutes.

Interpretations

The Council passed over the obvious course of simply paying the Pigot's owners for the slave's passage. It had the man and the bill in hand, and the charge of 10d a day was reasonable. It declined because Fort Marlborough, which had sent him, had said nothing about any cost. Paying an unannounced charge on the island would have set a precedent for commanders to bill the Council for anything they chose to carry. By referring the bill to London, the Council left the Court to settle with the owners on the basis of whatever agreement had actually been made at Bencoolen.

Rhubarb here was the dried root of the Chinese rhubarb plant, one of the most valued drugs of the period. It was used as a purge and for disorders of the stomach, and was essential for treating the fevers and fluxes common in a tropical settlement. Manna was a small English pepper station on the Sumatran coast south of Bencoolen. The blue cloth sent there was trade goods for buying pepper from the local growers.

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Book cover

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EAP 1364 St Helena

Document Name and Date

St Helena Records 1772 - 1773

Dimensions (height x width x depth) (cm)

(H) 47.5cm (W) 31.5cm (D) 7cm

No. written pages:

483

No. blank pages:

1

Spine and cover

Good Condition.

Minor Insect boring

Inside pages

Good Condition. Foxing present.

Pages are not numbered

Additional comments

Time taken to photograph (hours)

5 hours